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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ^^ n/t- FLOKA BOREALI-AMERICANA; OR, TMI BOTANY NORTHERN PARTS OF BRITISH AMERICA: COMrlMD miNCIfALLY FROM THE PLANTS COLLECTED BY De RICHARDSON & Ma DRUMMOND ON THE LATE NORTHERN EXPEDITIONS, UNDER COMMAND OF CAPTAIN SIR JOHN FRANKLIN, R.N. TO WHICH ARI ADDRU (by PEBHISSION of the HOBTICULTUBAIi SOCIETY OF LONDON,) THOSE OF Mr DOUGLAS, FROM NORTH-WEST AMERICA, AND OF OTHER NATURALISTS j BY SIR WILLIAM JACKSON HOOKER, K.H., LL.D., F.R., A., & L.S., MEMBER or THE IMPERIAL ACADEMT MATURE CURI090RUH, HONORARY MEMBER OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY, ETC., ETC., AND REGIUS rROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF QLASOOW. IlLVSTRATSn Br NVMSROUS PLATES. PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF I'HE BIGHT HONOURABLE THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR COLONIAL AFFAIRS. VOL. I. LONDON: HENRY (i. BOHN, No. 4, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN. M D C C C X I.. t i»i I I i"! Tjri- Uto V.I (■] / >a niiH ': .,{..> .>>^j-, r/ ■•1' ,'. ,f><>H' :* ■' '*■ M,i ' \h.:h\.A-.A .(i:i:fi- -.1 • IV ' '.i.li 'V viJ 1^' ■**♦' 4'! GLASGOW: j^ PHINTID AT THR innVERSITY PRESS, DY EDWARD KHULL, DVNLOP STREET ', , SIR JOHN FRANKLIN, Captain R. N., F. R. S. &c. &c. AND TO JOHN RICHARDSON, M. D., F. R. & L. S. &c. &c. UNDER WHOSE AUSPICES, AS COMMANDER AND NATURALIST OF TWO SEPARATE EXPEDITIONS * THE POLAR SEAS, A GREAT PORTION OF THE MORE RARE AND INTERESTING PLANTS THAT ORNAMENT THIS VOLUME WERE COLLECTED, UNDER CIRCUMSTANCES OF SINGULAR DIFFICULTY, HARDSHIP, AND DANGER ; THE WORK, THUS INDEBTED TO THEIR EFFORTS, IS MOST RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED, THEIR AFFECTIONATE FRIEND, AND OBLIGED SERVANT, W. J. HOOKER. ■m, 31812 pacific N. W. History Dept. PROVINCIAL L.IBF-^ARY VICTORIA, B. C. I PREFACE. Circumstances, over which the Author had no control, have delayed this publication to a most unexpectedly protracted period ; during which the materials, originally extensive, (though chiefly obtained by Dr Richardson, Mr Drummond, and the officers of Sir John Franklin's Expeditions, and by Mr Douglas,) have been so very much increased by the contributions of other travellers, that t^ two volumes, to which the Author has been limited by his Publishers, have not sufficed to include all the plants of these several valuable collections, nor full generic and specific characters of all such as have been introduced. This being the case, the Author has felt no hesitation in leaving out the whde of the Crypto- gamia, with the exception of the Ferns and allied Orders, and also in omitting, towards the latter part of the work, the definitions of those species which ure already well known, or accurately described in the several publications that treat of North American Botany. By adopting this plan, several additional collections, received while this work was in progress,* have been noticed in it, (except, of course, those species which belonged to the early Natur^^. Orders,) and thus the Flora Boreali-Americana will be found to contain a mcv i full and satisfactory account of the Botany of the British Possessions in North America, than could have been anticipated, considering the immense extent of territory here embraced. * The Plants here aUuded to are chie^ from North- West Amerios, sent by the kUe Mr Douglas from his last journeys, by Mr Tolmie, and by the late Dr Gairdner. e tT" W PREFACE. With regard to the title "Flora Boreali-^mericana ; or the Botany of the Northern Parts of British North Americd," it vras adopted in conformity with the titles of the other Natural History publicatiors connected with Sir John Franklin's important Expeditions ; but it will be at once seen, from a very slight inspection, that the work is neither a Flora of boreal America, in the sense given to that term by Michaux, as comprehending all the northern half of the New World, nor is it confined to the northern portions of British North America. It was thought right to take advantage of all that was known, and of all the dis* coveries to which the Author had access, of the vegetation of Canada, the most southern possessions of British North America, and also of the labours of Botanists on the Pacific side of North America (exclusive of California) and in Behring's Straits. This was the more desirable, as these labours had been performed mainly by British Naturalists, from the days of Newenham and Mensiies, to those of Beechey and the officers attached to the Hudson's Bay Company's Factories, although their researches may have extended into the teri'itorics belonging to the Russian Empire, or been pursued within the yet undefined limits claimed by the United States, and bordering upon California. This Flora, therefore, is intended to present the vegetation of all that por- tion of North America Proper, which, commencing with the extreme Arctic Islands, stretches south to the boundary, so far as it has been ascertained, of the United States and California. That many Plants yet remain to be discovered in so vast a territory, there can exist no question. Such, however, has been the accuracy with which several districts have been explored, that little, likely, is unknown which regards the botany of the Arctic region, especially as its Flora is necessarily very limited by the shortness of the Summer season, and a great similarity prevails in the pro- ductions of those high latitudes, throughout Europe, Asia, and America. The same remark may apply to the almost equally inhospitable climes of Labrador, and even of Newfoundland. The more densely inhabited parts of Canada have produced many native Botanists, while the absence of any lofty mountains in its less visited (that is the Western) districts, renders it probable that our acquaint- ■ r.^ \ u PREFACE. 1r ance with Canadian vegetation ii tolerably complete ; still it it to be wiahed that the southern boundary, a4joining the State of Maine and the great Lakes Huron and Superior, were accurately searched, and it can hardly be doubted that this line of country would yield many plants not hitherto discovered in British North America, though known to exist in the United States under similar situations of latitude and of elevation above the level of the sea. Perhaps no part of the continental New World that owns the British sway, has been more strictly investigated than the great valleys of the Red River, Lake Winipeg, and the Saskatchawan, along with the vast country extending thence northward to the shores of the Arctic Sea ; and this is mainly owing to Dr Richardson's two journeys through those regions, and to the long stay made by Mr Drummond on the Saskatchawan, whose course he followed up to the Rocky Mountains. The southern vegetation here is peculiarly interesting, for it has many plants in common with the Mississipi and Missouri. Between the territory above alluded to, that is, throughout the whole range of the Rocky Mountains, from the boundary of the United States in about lat. 48°, to their northern limit ; including, as it does, mountains of from 15,000 to 16,000 feet high, and thence westward to near the shores of the Pacific Ocean, almost the whole is a terra incognita to the naturalist : for, with the exception of the usual route of the Hudson's Bay Traders, from the sources of the Saskatchawan to those of the Columbia, by way of " The Committee's Punch Bowl," and thence to the sea, scarcely any part of it has been investigated ; and a more interesting field for the Botanist certainly does not exist in any portion of our North American provinces, as is proved by the researches already made there by Drummond and Douglas,* and by the later ones of Mr Nuttall; the latter gentleman, indeed, pushed his discoveries in a more southern range of that chain, within the limits of the United States. * See the Journal of Mr Douglas, published in Hooker's Companion to the Botanical Magazine, vol. 2, and that of Mr Drummond, in the same author's Botanical MitceUany, vol. 1, p. 178. e? If PmBFACE. ShoaM the favourable reception of the Flora BorealuAmtricana uuthoriae ituch ft step, and should the mftterials from this and other parts of our posseuions comprised within the range of these volumes, accumulate sufficiently, and within a reasonable space of time, nothing would give the Author more pleasure than to add a third volume, which should include the whole of the Cryptogantia and the species discovered since the publication of what is now presented, together with remarks on the Geographical Distribution of the entire Flore of these regions. W. J. HOOKER. Olaioow, lUajf 1, ISiO. ,:?':.'•>#. ■F'i»^'l*fi^M FLORA BOREALI-AMERICANA. ■'■Tt, M '-■■--*■ y ' ■■«■ *■' '\-'-' Cl. I. DICOTYLEDONEiE. SuBCL. I. THALAMIFLOR^.. DC. Oao. I. RANUNCULACE/E. Jusa. DC. 1. CLEMATIS. Involucrum nullum aut calyciforme sub flore. Sepala 4-8, colorata. Petala nulla aut sepalis breviorn. Cariopsidea plurimtc in caudam socpius barbato-plumosam productee. — Radices perennea. Folia exacte oppoaita. DC. 1. C. Virginiana ; scandcns, floribus paniculato-corymbosis divisis, foliis ternatis foliolis cordato-ovatis acuminatis sublobatis grosse serratis. — Linn. Amcen. Acad. v. 4. p. 275. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 318. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 384. Digel. Fl. Boat. cd. 2. p, 219. EUim, Carol. V. 2. p. 44. De Cand. Prodr. v. \.p. 4. Stamina sepalis breviora. In floribus foemineii filamenta subulata abortiva adsunt, antherit minutii ▼acuia. Folia subtus pilosa, temper temata, folioli« majusculis, swpe duas vel treg unoias longis, in pbnta Douglasiaiia multo minoribus, vix unciam longis. Had. Orasgy or shrubby banks of rivers, from the United States to lat. 55°, disappearing about the south end of Lake Winipeg, Drummond, Banks of the Columbia. Douglas. — T>>is has been long cultivated in England, where it proves a hardy plant, well adapted for covering walls and ai'liours. Its flowers are highly fragrant. 2. C. Douglaaii; caule erecto simplici unifloro, flore nutante, foliis pilosis bi-tripinnati- (idis, laciniis linearibus obtusiusculis. (Tab. I.) CauKs herbacens, pedalia, erectus, simplex, striatus, foliosus, parce pilosus, ad nodos lanuginosus, basi squamis membranaceis fuscis tectus. Folia opposita, inferiora etiam connata et subvaginata, (luadripoUi- caria, circumscriptione late ovata, e basi usque profunde bi-tripiunatifida, pilosa, ad divisuras segroentorum lanuginosa, segmentis primariis semper exacte oppositis, remotis, et fere petioUtis, reliquis alternis ; omni- bus linearibus, obtusiusculis; foliorum inferiorum latioribus, superiorum sensim angiistioribus. Rachii gracilis, petiolum cemulans. Pedunculus terminalis, solitarius, tomentosus, uniflorus, Flos majusculus, cemuiis, subcylindraceus, basi obtusus. Sepala 4 vel 5, sesquiunciam longa, coriaceo-membranacea, oblonga, obtusiuscuhi, erecta (quoad azin floris,) apice solummodo patentia, intus glabra intense purpurea, extus VOL. I. A 9? RANUNCULACEiE, [Thalictrtm. pallidiora, laze tomontosa. Stamina erecta, sepalis multo breviora : Filamenta filiformia : Aniherte linearei, flavw. PistiUa staminum long^itudine : Stifli graciles, longi, valde sericeo-hirsuti. Hab. On the west side of the Rocky Mountains, near the sources of the Columbia. Dotiglaa. — This beautiful apccies of Clematis is quite unlike any hitherto described ; and I am anxious it should bear the name of its zealous and meritorious discoverer. In general habit it accords with Do Candolle's 5th Div. of " Flanumiia" (including C. iiUegrifulia, ochroleuca, and ovata,) but in all the species of that groupe the leaves are simple, whereaa here they are deeply divided, ahnost -s in Paonia teimijblia. Th« primary divisions, in- deed, might rather be called pinnate than pinnatilid, bui, the lowermost leaves, which are simply plnuntifid, with much broader segments than the rest, show their tnio nature. In the middle and uppermost leaves, the primary divisions, or pinnw, are in two opposite pairs ; so close to the base of the rachis, and so much larger than the rest, that, at drst sight, they give the appearance of vcrticillato leaves. 3. C. verticillaris ; pediinculis unifloris, tbliis quaternatim verticillatis ternatis foliolis cordato-acumiiintis sublobatis integei'rimis serratisquc, petalis acutis. — De Cand. Syst. Veget. v. 1. p. 166. Prodr. v. I. p. 10. — Atrageiie Americana. Sims, in Bot. Mag. t. 887. Pttrsh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 384.. Bigel. Fl. Host. ed. 2. p. 219. fi. folioli!- obtuse serratis. — C, obliqua. Douglas, MSS. Foliola lateralia semper obliqua, magis minusve obtuse scrrata vel plerumque omniuo intcgcrrima, parce pilosa. Pcilunculus e basi pednnuulonim vctiistoriim egrediena, foliis duobus sllpatus. Flos cernuus. Se- pala maguii, corollinn, ovato-lanueoliita, acuta, uerulea vol purpurea, e.xtus mugis minusve pilosa. Petala calycc duplo triplovc breviora, lincariii, quo interiora eo mogis distinctc antherifera. Had. In woods in the central districts, as fur north as hit. Hi", ascending the elevated vaUeys on the eastern declivity of the Rocky Mountains in that latitude. Dr. Uichardson. lirumtitond. At Cape Mendocina, on the N.W. coast, in lat. 40° : plentiful. Douglas. — Nearly allied to Clematis (Atragrne, Linn.) alpina, but difTering in its acute petals, and in the far sra.iller and never shar|)ly serrated leaves. This beautiful plant does not appear to be found farther north than hit. 64''', nor south of Peunsylvania, on the east side. It is not included in Elliott's Sketch, 2. THALICTRUM. Involucriim sub flore iniUuni. Pet. nulla. Carptlla sicca in caudas non desinentia, nunc stipitata, nunc Icngitudinalitcr striato-sulcata. — Herbw perennes; caulis animus; flores eorymbosi-paniculati aut sultracemosi, herbacei, albi vel Jlavi. DC. 1. T. clavatum; hermaphroditum, filanientis clavatis, antheris ellipticis muticis, car- pellis inflatis stipitatis locvibus oblongis stylo longioribus, foliolis subrotundis crenuto- lobatis glabris subtus glaucis. — De Cand. Syst. J'egct. v. 1. p. 171. De Less. Ic. v. 1. t. 6. De Cand. Prodr. r. 1. ;>. 11. ToXsl planta glabra, pedalis ad scsquipcdalvm. Caulis nitidus, ramosus. Folia tritemata, foliolis (nostris examplaribus) magiiitudine T. dioici, ot lis similibus, subtus valde gluueis. Stipellte uulliv. Panictda sub- paucitlor.1, laxa, pcdicellis loiigis, Flores crccti. Stamina |>uuca, brcvia, pcrianthii longitudine. Filamenta supemc insigniter dilutata. Anthcnc breves, ellipticu>, muticu>. Pistilla 8-lU in singulo dore. Geniien ovatuni, stipitatum, gibbum, k«vc, dumum iulbttum, in stylo, germine \ breviore atteniuitum. Hab. Found only on Portage La Loche, a height of kud composed of sandhilbi, lying in lat. j7", and separating the waters (lowing to Hudson's Bay from those falling into the Arctic Sea. Dr. Richardson. — This species of T/mticlrum, which seems to have been found only in one spot by onr American travellers, exactly accords >«'ith the figure of T. clavatum, in De Lessert's hones, in every particular, except that the leaves in our plant are smaller, which may arise from accidental causes, and that its styles are rather shorter. Both my specimens and the individual figured by De Letisert, have perfect, not monoecious, flowers, aa Thalictrum.] EANUNCULACEA dmcribed by De Canddle; and it would icem that Michaux's ipecimens (it does not appear in wbat part of America they were gathered,) are the authority both for De Lessert's %ure and De CandoUe'i description. I have not seen ripe riu-pels, nor has De Lessert represented them. Is it not putaibU that the present may be a state of T. dioicum? (with which, ia habit and foliage, the plant mtireljf agrees,) having pistils and stamens on t'ne same flower, both «f which are differently modified from what we find in the dioecious state. 2. T. dioicum; floribus dioicis, filamentis iiliforDiibus, foliolis subrotundis crenato- lobatis glnbris subtus glaucis. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 768. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 388. Bigel. Fi. Bost. ed. 2. p. 220. EUiott, Carol, v. 2. p. 50. De Less. Ic. v.l.t.9. De Cand. Prodr. V. 1. p. 12. — T. ItBvigatum. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 322. Cmilis pedalis nunc bipedalis. Folia fere omnino ut in T. clavato, submollia, merobranocea. Paniada terminalis, magis minusve longa. Stamina numerosa, filamentis filiformibus, antheris linearibus mucronatis. Ctermen oblongo-ovatum, hino intiis planum, stylo stigmateque lineari duplo brevius. Stiffma deciduum. Fructus semi-ovatus, sulcatus, stylo persistente acuminatus. HAn. Grassy banks of rivers; most abundant in the central limestone districts, from Canada to the banks of the Mackenzie River, in lat. 07°. Or. Richardson. Found also on the eastern base of the Rocky Moun- tains. Drummond; and on the banks of the Cohimbia. (ilfr. Garry.) Not found on the barren grounds, nor on naked alpine situations. — An abiindant plant, and, as far as I can judge from the numerous specimens in -the different collections, very constant to its character. Dr. Richardiion's T, corynellum in Frankl. 1st Joum. ed. 2. includes specimens of T, dioicum and T. Comuti of this work : some of the former having been overlooked among his speoimenii. 3. T. purpurascens ; " floribus dioicis monoicisve, fllanientis filiformibus coloratis, folio- rum segmentis suborbiculatis grosse dentatis glabris subtus glaucis, panicula contracta subaphylla." DC— Linn. Sp. PI. p. 769. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 389. De Cand. Prodr. V. 1. p. 12. Has. Canada. Linn. — This is probably only T. dioicum, with purplish flowers. 4. T. Comuti; floribus plerumque dioicis, filamentis subclavatis, antheris ellipticis sublinearibusve, foliolis subrotundo-obovatis oblongisve trilobis subtus glaucis nervis vix prominentibus, carpellis ovato-oblongis, stigmate filiformi marginibus membranaceis. (Tab. II.) «. antheris lineari-oblongis. — T. Cornuti. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 768. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 388.— T. revolutum. De Cand. Syst. Veget. v. 1. p. 173.? Prodr. v. 1. p. 12.? EUiott, Carol. V. 2. p. 49.— T. Canadense. « Comuti, Canad. 186. t. 187." /3. antheris ellipticis. — T. pubescens. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 388. Nutt. N. Am. Gen. V. 2. p. 21. — T. corynellum. De Cand. Syst. Veget. v. 1. p. 172. Prodr. v. 1. p. 12. Pich. in Frankl. Ist Joum, ed. 2. App. p.2\. Caulis 3-4-pedalis, ramosus. Foliola forma mire variant in iisdcm examplaribus, nunc ovata, nunc cor- data, et uon raro obovato-oblonga vel cuneato, majuscula, trilobata, lobis plerumque acutis; superne intense viridia, subtus pallidiora, glauca, glabra vel pubescentia. Paniada coraposita, foliosa. Staminum Jilamenta magis miiuisve elongata et clavata : aiitherai ellipticie, oblon<,r vel lincari-oblougie. Pislilla uiunerosa in itingulo flore foeminuo: germen nigruiu, ouU.i^o-ovatiun, subgibbosum; stylus breviusculus ; stigma Xon^m, lineare, margine utrinque membranaceum, dilataturo. Fructum maturum non vidi. Had. Banks of rivers as far north as lat. 56°, in woody districts the whole breadth of the continent, excluding the barren grounds and alpine tracts. — Variable as this plant assuredly is, it may be at once A 2 ^ RANUNCULACE-S. [Anemone. distinguished from the species already described by its much larger size, stouter habit, darker colour, its narrower leaves, especially the upper ones, and the more acute and fewer lobes. The structure of the Stigma is, I think, different from its congeners: it is longer than the Styk, with the sides or margins dilated into a brown membrane ; the upper surface minutely papillose, as in its affinities. Linnteus seems to have established this species upon the figure and desctription of T. Comuti, and to have had no specimen in his herbarium; it is impossible, therefore, to say, with his very imperfect description alone to guidb us, what particular plant is intended by that author ; but the present seems to be what Pursh had in view for T. Comuti, and it is as well to retain this as a specific name as to reduce it to a doubtful synonym, as De CandoUe has done. I have been aided in the otber synonyms by specimens from various American Botanists, and there cannot be a question that the North American Thalktra will bear to be still farther reduced. T, caroUnianum, for example, of Bosc and De CandoUe, is but a variety, with diwcious flowers, of T. rugosum of Ait. and Pursh, or rather is the genuine state of that plant. Let it bo remarked, that with the exception of the very doubtful T.ranunmlinum of Mubl. in Willd. Enum. and of that plant of dubious genus T. anemonoides, all the hitherto described species of N. American Thalictra are dicecioiin ; or if otherwise, in all that have come under my observation, the stamens appear to be abortive. It is singular, too, that in another genus, Saxifraga, there is a species in N. America, (hereafter to be described,) which varies with perfect and polygamous flowers, and in which some of the states have clauate filaments to the stamens. Tab. II. T. Comuti, a. Fig. 1, Portion of a male plant; Jig. 2, Portion of a female; Jig. 3, Lower leaf; yS*/. 4, Pistil; ^g. 5, Stamen; Jig. 6, Head of pericarps; Jig. 7, Single pericarp :— ;/?(/«. 4, 5, 0, 7, mag- nified. 5. T. anemonoides; racHce tuberosa, floribus umbellatis, foliis biternatis foliolis cordato- rotundatis trilobis, floralibus oppositis vel ternis, singulo tritbliolato. — Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 322. Jms. in Ann. du Mus. v. 3. v. 249. t.2l./.2. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 15.— Ane- mone thalictrol.les. ^inn. Sp. PI. p. 763. Pursh, Ft. Am. v. 2. p. 387. Bigel. Fl. Bast. erf. 2. p. 223. Curtis, Bot. Mag. t 866. /3. Thalictruin caule unifloro, ex eodem puncto foliis quatuor simplicibus instructis. Gronov. P'irg. 62. {Linn.) Habitus inter Thalictntm et Ancmonem. Folia floralla plerumquo opposita (nunc terna quatcmave ver- ticillata,) non simplicia, ut dicunt Linnieus et CI. Bigolow, sed, ut bene hubet De Cundolle, " petiole ab ipsa basi tripartite et ideo segmentis petiolulatis, subverticillatis, ovatis, tridcntutis (nunc iiitegerrimis, H.) invo- lucrura constituentibus." Scpala pctaloidva, alba. Stamina puuca, Pcricarpia 7-11, liucari-oblonga, breviter stipitata, sulcata: Stylus vix ullus: Stigma subsessilc, capitatum. Had. Canada. Linnaus. Michaux. (0.) Kalm : but I have never myself received specimens from any of the British Possessions in North America. — A pLint of doubtful genus, agreeing, however, with T. tube- rosum in general habit and fructification. 3. ANEMONE. Involucrum 3-pliyllum a flore distans, foliolis incisis. Calyx petaloideus, 5-15 sepalus. Petala nulla. DC. 1. A. patens; nioiliter serlcea, foliis serotinis tripartitis ternatlsve, segmentis cuneatis trifidis incisis, lobis lincaii-lanceolatls, involucro lincari-niultifido, flore crecto, sepalis 5-6, aristis longis barbalis. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 759. Gmel. Siber. v. 4. p. 195. De Cand. Prodr. V. 1. p. 16. — (/S. ochroieuca.) Sims, in Bot. Mag. t. 1994. — Clematis hirsutissiuia. Pursh, FL Am. v. 2. p. 285. — Anemone ludoviciana. Nutt. N. Am. FL v. 2. p. 26. — A. Nuttalliana. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 17. NutL in Joum. of Acad, oj' Nat. Sc. of RANUNCULACE^. 5 I p. 158. t. 8. {A. NuUallii,) excellent Rich, in Franhl. \a. Joum. ed. 2. Anhnone.] Philad. V. 6. App.p. 21. Hab. Profusely in the eastern prairie district ; and, more scattered, in the central limestone tracts from lat. 45° to 67° on the Mackenzie. Dr. Itichardson. Valleys in the llocky Mountains. Drummmd. Douglas.— There is no difference whatever between this American plant and the A. patens which I possess from the Russian Empire, g&thered by Dr. Goldbach, and from Silesia on the borders of Poland, by Professor Trevi- raous. Both are liable to vary in the breadth of the segments of their leaves, and in the colour of their flowers. Mostly, however, these are purple. The pale yellow-flowered variety from Siberia, is cultivated in England ; and the fresh juice of that kind, Gmelin tells us, is employed by the inhabitauts of Irkutsck to cure deafness, and newly gathered leaves for pain in the head, as vesicatories. The plant aflects sandy soils, and its blos- soms appear among the earliest of the season. The young buds are eaten by the Marmots, inhabitants of the plains of N. America. — A. Halteri comes too near to this species. Its flowers I have often gathered in Switzerland before the leaves have appeared ; but since, in both, the flowers continue a long time, they and the leaves are sometimes gathered in perfection together. I possess specimens from Moscow, in which the former year's leaves are present with the vernal flower; quite dead, indeed, and brown, but perfect in form and shape. 2. A. alpina; subsericeo-villosa, foliis longe petiolatis bitcrnatim pinnatifidis, foliolis laciniatis laciniis linearibiis acutis involucralibus conrormibus, flore erecto, sepalis 6 patentibus, aristis longis burbatis. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 760. Bot. Mag. t. 2007. — («. major.) A. sulphurea. Linn Mant. p. 78. — A. apiifolia. Willd. Sp. PI. v, 2. p. 9. Had. Eastern declivity of the Rocky Mountains, lat. 52° to 55°. Drummond. — Hitherto unnoticed as a native of America. Mr. Druramond's specimens have the flowers white, with a purplish tinge at the base, and accord with the var. a. major of De Cand. Stems from six inches to a foot and a half high. Heads of pericarps very large. Awm long, very silky. 3. A. parviflora ; foliis tripartitis, lobis cuneatis trifidis crenatisque obtusis, involucrali- bus sessilibus subconformibus longioribus angustioribusque, sepalis 6 ovalibus. — Mich. Am. V. 1. p. 319. De Cand. Prodr. v. I. p. 19. Rich, in Franhl. \st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 21. — A. cuneifolia. Juss. Ann. du Mus. v. 3. t. 21. /. 3. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 386. — A. tenella. Herb. Banks, (non Purshii.) — A. boreulis. Rich, in Franhl. \st Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 22. Hab. Eastern primitive district, central limestone tract, biirrcn grounds, and Rocky Mountains, from hit. 45° to the Arctic Sea, lat. 70°. Dr. Riclmrdson. Drummond. Labrador. Pursh. Morrison. — Very variable in size; the sub-Arctic and Labrador specimens arc scarcely more than from two to four inches high: those from Slave River a foot higli, with smaller flowers in proportion. These, indeed, seem to be the chief diff'erenccs between the A. parviflora and Dr. Richardson's A. borcalis. But the Second Expedi- tion has enriched the collection with a scries of specimens which show that they gradually merge the one into the other. Richardson's description Is excellent. The root is fibrous, but the fibres proceed from an elongated and often procumbent and creeping woody trunk, not at all agreeing with the subdivision in which De Candollo has placed the species. The flowers are white, with a blue tinge at the base of the petals, especially In a young state. Heads of pericaips rounded, very compact, clothed with a great deal of silky tninentum, which especially arises from the base of the seed-vessels, and is easily separated. Sti/les subulate, naked. 4. A. Baldemis; foliis glabratis subcarnosis ternatim partitis segmentis tripartito- laciniatis, laciniis linearibus obtusis, involucralibus breviter petiolatis conformibus, petiolis ^ RANUNCULAOEiE. lAMmone. scnpoque villosis, flore solitario, sepalis 6-8 patentibus obtusis extus subpilosis. — Linn. Mant. p. 78. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. />. 19. Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. cum. Ic. — A. fragifera. Jacg. Ic, V. 1. 1. 103. Has. Arid places on the eaitern summit* of the Rocky Mountains, lat. 58° to 55°. Z>n(iMnon(/.— This is again another discovery which goes to prove how much the arctic and alpine vegetation of North America assimilates with that of Europe. The specimens are in every particular the same as my German and Piedmontese ones ; or if there be any difference worthy of notice, it is that the leaves are not so Ailly expanded at the time of the perfection of the flower as in those of the old world. The flowers are strongly tinged with blue in most instances. Root fusiform. 5. A. nemorosa ; foliis ternatis foliolis integris vel intermedio 3-fido lateralibus bipar- titis inciso-dentatis acutis, involucralibus petiolatis conformibus, sepalis 4-6 ellipticis. ». involucri foliolis subintegris. — A. nemorosa. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 762. Mich. Am. v. I. p.'iXQ. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 387. Smith, Engl. Bot. t. 355. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 53. Bigel. Fl. Bost ed. 2. p. 222. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 20.— A. Fischeriana. De Cand. Prodr. V. I. p. 20. (fide Sprcng.)— A. lancifolia. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 386.? /3. DC. involucri foliolis lateralibus bipartitis, et ita folium 5-foliolatum. — A. quinque- folia. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 762. Hab. Canada, and thence to the south end of Lake Winipeg ; not seen to the northward of htt. 53°. Dr. Richardson. Country eastward of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Westward of the Rocky Moun- tains. Douglas. — Flowers white, varying to purple, as in Europe ; but the sepals are more constantly 5, and the leaves though occasionally as broad as with us, are usually narrower and disposed to be more com- pound. 6. A. deltoidea ; parce hirsuta, foliis ternatis foliolis (involucralibusque sessilibus) rhom- boideis integris trifidisve inciso-serratis acutis, sepalis 5-6 obovatis. (Tab. III. A.) Folia radicalia, longe petiolata, temata, foliolis late-ovatis subdeltoideis, integris, trifidisquc. Scapus erectus, gracilis, 8-10 pollicaris, parce pilosus, supra medium involucratus. Invotucrum e foliis tribus se!H)ui-bi-uncialibu8, rhomboideis, acutis vel acuminatis, subtus margineque subpilosis, sessilibus, indivisis, subtrilidisve basi intcgerrimis vel inciso-serratis. Flos solitarius, majusculus. Sepala alba, ovalia vel obo- vata, obtuse patcntia, glabriuscukt. Stamina numerosa, sepalis multo breviora. Pistilla ovata jn styk> brevi- usculo acuminata, basi lanata. Had. In thick shady woods of the Columbia, near its confluence with the sea. Douglas. Scouler. — 1 have only seen leaves of this species since the plate was engraved, upon Dr. Scouler's specimens. The habit is that of A. nemorosa, but the involucre is very different from that and every other species with which I am acquainted. The flowers are as large as those of A, Pennsyhania. 7. A. Richardsoni ; subpilosa, foliis reniformibus 3-5 partitis, lobis subtrifidis acute dentatis, involucralibus rotundato-cuneatis sessilibus trifidis dentatisque, sepalis 6 pa- tentibus, carpellis compressis glabris, stylis longis deflexis uncinatis. (Tab. IV. A.) — Hook, in Frank!, ist Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 21. — A. ranunculoides, van? Rich, in Frankl. \st. Jonm. ed. 1. App. p. 740. — A. arctica. Fischer, MSS. (fide specim. ejus.) Capitulum carpellorum ratione floris majusculum, depressum. Carpella numerosa, oblongo-ovata, stylo longissimo, fulvo, deflexo terminata, cujus apex cxtrema (siccitate pnecipue) sursum curvata, uncinata. Hab. Eastern primitive district, (bores of Hudson's Bay ; barren ground. Rocky Mountains, from btt. 55° RANUNCULACEiB. to 08°, in wet moMy ground. Dr. Bichardgon. Dntmmond. Unalwohka, and throughout all Siberia. (Dr. Fischer.) — Numerous specimens of this very pretty species of Anemone, gathered during the second Arctic Journey, both by Dr. Richardson and Mr. Drummond, have confirmed the opinion I had formerly expressed, that it is totally distinct from any previously described. Dr. Richardson's description is very excellent, but he had not, during the first journey, seen the ripe fruit, which is highly curious. The numerous long slender styles, all bent downwards, have the appearance of a very coarse and shaggy head of hair. If the extremities of these style* be examined with a microscope, they will be found to be rolled upwards at their very points, and thus uncinated in a dry state. When moist, the apex is only slightly curved. Tab. IV. A. Figs. 1, i, 3, A. Richardsoni : nat. size ; ^g. 4, Putil ; flg. 5, Stamen ; Jig. 6, Pericarp : — magnified. 9. A. Virginiana; foliis ternatim partitis, segmentis ovato-lanceolatis trifidis inciso- serratis, involucri involucellorutnque petiolatis conformibus, sepalis 5 ellipticis subcori- aceis extus sericeis, capitulo oblongo lanato. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 761. Mich. Am. v, 1. p. 320. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 388. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 54.. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 223. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 21. Ccadis bi-tripedalis, supeme in pedunculos divisus, pilis brevibus, sericeis, appressis, magis miuusve vesti- tU8. Folia ampla; radicalia longo pctiolata, omnia pulcherrime reticulatim venosa. Pedunmli elongati, 3 vel 4 ab eodem puncto, ubi involucrum trifoliatum, foliis radicalibus conforme, petiolatum : pedunculus cen- tralis nudus, laterales bifoliati. Flores parvi. Sepala acuta, subcoriacea, piillido flavo-viridia, nunc purpur- asoeutia, extus sericoa. Capitula psricarpii oblonga, nunc fere cylindracca, (raro, in specirainibus ab amiciss. Boott, tcretl-globosa.) Cariopsides numerosissinuR, densissime compautw, subrotundK, compresse, basi densissime hinatie, stylis acumiuatis rectiusculis terminate. Hab. Central limestone tract, and eastern prairie lands, as far north as Int. 55°, spreading more widely in Canada than to the northward ; on rich banks of rivers. Dr. Richardson. Drummond. Tab. IV. B. Fij;. 1, Pistil; yf^/. 2, Head of Pericarps:— »na(^t/*erf. 9. A, multifida; pilosa, foliis ternatim divisis, segmentis cuneatis tripartitis laciniatis, laciniis linearibus acutis, involucri involucellorunique breve petiolatis conformibus, se- palis 5-8 subcoriaceis ellipticis extus sericeis. — Pair, in Encycl. Meth. Stippl, v. \. p. 364. De Less. Ic. v. I. t. 16. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 21. — A. Hudsoniana. Herb. Banks. Rich, in Frankl. \st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 22. /3. caule unifloro. — A. multifida, y. uniflora. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 21. De Less. Ic. V. 1. 1. n. y. flore sanguineo. — A. sanguinea. Pursh, in Herb. Lamb. — A. Hudsoniana, ^. san- guinea. Rich, in Frankl. \st. Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 22. Hab. Gulf of the St. Lawrence. Goldie. From the shores of Hudson's Bay to the western declivity of the Rocky Mountains, and from the United States to near the shores of the Arctic Sea : common. Dr. Rich- ardson. Drummond. West side of the Rocky Mountains, near the sources of the Columbia. Douglas. Variable in size and in the number of peduncles arising from each stem, from 1 to 3, and agreeing with the figures of De Lcssert (from plants gatliered in the Straits of Miigellan) in every particular, except that in those the segments of the leaves are shorter in proportion to the breadth ; so that their single-flowered variety has very much the appearance of a large state of A. Baldmsis. Heads of pericarps, as in that species, roundish-ovul, woolly. Flower white, yellow, purple, and deep red. The species has a very extended range, from tht mouth of the St. Lawrence to the sources of the Colum- bia, west of the Rocky Mountains. It was found at Conception in Chili, during Capt. Beechey's Expedition, at the Straits of Magellan, and Dr. Gillies has gathered it on the Andes of Chili. RANUNCULACEjK. [HqMtiea. ft) l! 10. A. Pennsylvanica ; subpilosa, fuliis tripartitis segmentis bipurtitis trifidisve, laciniis lanceolatis inciso-serrntis, involucralibus involucellisve sessilibus conformibus, sepalis 5 ellipticis obtusis, pericarpiis conipressis tnarginatis stylo longo apice recto vel uncinato attenuatis. (Tad. III. K)—Linn. Maid. p. 247. Purah, Fl. Am. o. 2. p. 387. De Cand. Prodr. V. 1. p. 21. Rich, in Franhl. \st Journ. ed. 2. App,p. 22. — A. aconitifolia. Mich. Am. V. 1. p. 320. — A. dichotomn. Linn. Anum. Acad. v. 1. p. 155. Gmel. Fl. Sitnr. V. 4. p. 197. " Linn. Fit. decad. 29. t. 15." Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 387. De Cand. Prodr. V. 1. p. 21. Radix subro|)on8, flexiiosa, lignosar parce fibrosa. Tota planta pilosa, in caulo ct pctiolis pilis potenti- bua. Folia radicalia longe petiolata, ampla: Involucrum illis forma ot magnitudiue simile. Involucella multoties minora. Flos magnus, albus : Sepala mcmbranacca, cxtus scriceo-pubesccutia. Stamina numerosa. Fructus rotundatus, magis minusvo pilosus vel ctiam glaber : Stylus pcrsistens, pericarpiis multo longior, rectus vel ad apicem uncinatus; statu junioro brevis ct semper uncinatus. Had. In woody and prairie 'tracts by the banks of rivers from Hudson's Bay to the Pacific, and from the United States to near the mouth of Mackenzie's River ; not found in the barren grounds. Dr. Richardson. Drummond. Douglas.— It is singular that no figure, that I am aware of, should yet have been given (except the one referred to iu the " Decades" of the younger Linnieus,) of this very common and handsome American plant. De Candolle says that the A. dichototna of Europe is similar to the Pennsylvanica, but more slender. My specimens from Dahuria, sent by Dr. Fischer, entirely accord with the American ones : and the dichotoma of Pursli, 1 suspect, is exactly the same. That author, indeed, says, " It is smaller than Pennsylvanica, and has a tinge of red;" neither of which marks are at all likely to bo constant. Although named Pennsylvanica by Linno-us, he only gives Canada as a station for it. And notwithstand- ing that Micbaux speaks of it as an inhabitant of the New England States, and Pursh of Pennsylvania, I have never received it from my correspondents in these countries, and am inclined to consider it rare, except in the more northern parts of Americi). It does not find a place in Elliott's Sketch, nor in Dr. Bigelow's Flora of the Environs of Boston. 11. A. narcissiflora ; Iiirsuto, foliis pnlmatim pnrtitis, segmentis cuneatis inciso-tnultifidis, involucralibus subcontbrmibus sessilibus, floribus iimbellatis. — Linn. Sp. PI, p. 763. Gmel. Fl. Sibir. v. 4. p. 200. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 387. Bot. Mag. t. 1120. De Cand. Prodr. V. 1. p. 23.— A. umbellatn. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 2. p. 1284.? De Less. Ic. v. 1. t. 18.? (ubi figura differt solummodo involucris simplicioribus.) Hab. Canada, and North -West America. Pursh. I have never seen Canadian specimens, but I possess the plant gathered by Mr. Menxios on the north-west coast of America, where it extends, according to Dr. Fischer, as far as Unalaschka. Kotzebuc's Souud. Lay and Collie in Captain Beechey's Collection. — These N. W. American specimens are clothed with long, copious, and beautifully silky hairs, according with De Candolle's var. ?. villosissima from Unalaschka. But I possess individuals gathered on the Altaic Mountains equally shaggy; and others from different parts of Europe in various states of hairiness. The specimens in Captain Beechey's herbarium arc very small, and have only one flower to each pUut. 4. HEPATICA. /nvo/ucrum 3-foliatum, dor! approximatum, l-florum, calyciforme ; foliis integris. Se- pala petaloidea, 6-9, duplici triplicive serie disposita. Stamina et ovaria plurima. Car- pella ecaudata. — Scapi plurimi, radicates, \-flori. DC. 1. H. triloba; foliis late cordatis trilobis, lobis cordatis. — Anemone Hepatica. Spreng. Syst. Veget. v. 2. p. 660. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 319. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 56. — H. Ameri- Adonu.] RANUNCULACE^. cana. Nutt. N. Am. FL v. 2. p. 20. — Anemone Hepatica. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 738. Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 10. a. foliorum lobis acutiusculis. — H. triloba. Chaix in Fill. Ddph, v.\. p. 336. De Cand. Prodr. V. 1. p. 22. /9. foliorum s^jpentis acutis. — H. acutiloba. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 22. — Anemone triloba, var. /3. acuta. Bigel. Fl. Boat. erf. 2. p. 222. Purah, Ft. Am. v. 2. p. 391. >. foliorum lobis obtusis. — H. Americana. Ker in Bot. Reg. t. 387. De Cand. Prodr. V. 1. p. 22.— H. triloba, jS. De Cand, Syat. Veget. v. 1. p. 216.— H. triloba, ». Purah, Fl. Am. V. 2. p. 391. Bigel. 27. Boat. ed. 2. p. 222. Hab. In woods, in the central limestone tracts, from Canada to lat. 52°. Mr. Drummond found it as far north as lat. 55°, in the secluded alpine vollies on the eastern dccliTity of the Rocky Mountain ridge. Dr. Richardson. The varieties grow indiscriminately. — A plant varying much in the lobes of its leaves, rounded, obtuse, oval, or acute, as Michaux has justly remarked. In the young state it is clothed with long, and on the petioles and scapes, spreading, silky hair. There can be no question of the identity of the American and Europiean individuals. Dr. Boott has gathered a var. near Bobioo, United States, with a five-lobed leaf. 5. HYDRASTIS. Linn. Cal. 3-sepalus, sepalis ovatis. Pet. nulla. Stamina ovariaque plurima. Cariopsidea baccatae, plurima: in capitulum aggregatoe, stylo terminato;, 1-loculares, 1-2 spermae. Semina ovoidea, la:vigata. DC. 1. H. canadensis. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 784. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 317. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 389. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 55. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 23.— Warneria. « Mill. Ic. 2. p. 190. t. 285." Hab. Canada ; in water. Linn. According to Pursh, and other American Botanists, in shady woods on fertile soil, and among rocks, in the Alleghany tract of mountains. Michaux. — We learn from Michaux, that this plant seems confined to the Alleghany chain ; and, following its course, extends from Canada to Carolina. It is probably rare, for none of our recent travellers have seen it in Canada, nor have I ever received a specimen. De Candolle, who describes the plant from dried specimens, says that the root (which is bitter, pungent, and tonic, yielding a beautiful yellow dye, whence the name Yellow-Root,) consists of intensely yellow fleshy tubercles. The stem is herbaceous, simple, single-flowered, bearing two or three leaves, the two lower ones petiohited, the upper one nearly sessile, all of them 3-5 partite, the lobes coarsely toothed, acute. Flowers white, purplish, terminal, pedunculated. Fruit fleshy, red, like that of a Rubus, to the herbaceous species of which, Nuttall compares the habit of the whole plant. C. ADONIS. DiU. Cat. 5-sepalus, adpressus, sepalis interdum basi solutis. Pet. 5-15, ungue nudo. Stam. plurima, ad basin gonophori inserta. Ovaria plurima. Cariopsidea plurimte, monospermse, secus gonophorum spicatai, ovata;, stylo brevi subaccreto acuminattc. Embryo ovatus, cotyledonibus subdistantibus. — Folia caulina pinnato-partita, lobis midtifidia. DC. 1. A. autumnalia ; calyce glabro, petalis 6-8 concavo-conniventibus calyce vix ma- joribus, carpellis subreticulatis in capitulum ovatum aggregatis stylo brevissimo coronatis, caule ramoso. — Linn, Sp. PI. p. 1111, Smith in Engl, Bot. t, 308. VOL. I. 10 RANUNCULACEiE. [Kammeuha, Hab. Cap« CbarleB, Labrador. Captain Robitucm, July, 1880. — The specimen gathered in Labrador was given to me, with aevcral other very interesting plants from that country, by the late Mr. Morrison. It is undoubtedly the same as the European plant, but scarcely exceeding two inches in height. It is possible that the seeds may have been brought to Labrador by the Missionaries; but as I have no means of ascertaining this point, I think it safer to introduce the plant as a doubtful native of N. America, than to omit it altogether. 7. RANUNCULUS. Lxm. Cal. 5-sepalus, sepalis basi non solutis, deciduis, intus basi squatnula foveolari nectari- fera instructa. Stam, ovarinque plurima. Cariopsides ovatas, subcoinpressa*, in mucronem aut cornu scmine vix longius desineiites, loaves, striata aut tuberculatae, in capitulum glo- bosum cylindraceumve dispositoe. DC. Sect. I. Batrachium. Pericarpia transverse rttgoso-striata. Petala alboy ungveflaxo, fimea nectar\fera notato. DC. 1. R. aquatilis; caule fluitante, foliis submersis capillaceo-multifidis, emersis tripartitis, lobis cuneiformibus apice dentatis, petalis obovatis calyce majoribus. DC. Prodr. v. 1. p. 27. «. heterophyllus ; foliis emersis tripartitis. DC. — R. aquatilis. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 781. Smith in Engl. Dot. t. 101. Pursh, FL Am. v. 2. p. 395. De Cand. Syst. Veget. v. \.p. 234. /3. capiUnceus; foliis petiolatis, omnibus immersis, in lacinias fi^'iformes tenues dissectis. DC.—R. pantothrix. Brot.— Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 56.— R. fluviatilis. WiUd. Sp. PI. v. 2. p. 1333. CEd. Fl. Dan. t 376. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 227. y. caspitosus ; foliis petiolatis, omnibus emersis, circumscriptione suborbiculatis in la- cinias divergentes rigidulas dissectis, petiolis basi late vaginato-auriculatis. DC. — R. aquatilis, var. /9. Schkuhr, Bat. Handb. v. 2. t. 152. ). stagnatilis ; foliis sessilibus, omnibus immersis, capillaceo-multifidis circinnatis, laciniis abbreviatis, vaginis obsolete auriculatis carpellisque acutiusculis glabriusculis. DC. — R, stagnatilis. «* Wallr. Sched. 285." Hab. In water, in the eastern, central, and prairie districts, from the United States to near the Arctic Sea, lat. 68°. Dr. Richardson. Drummond. — In all tlie specimens gathered during the Land Arctic Expedition, the floating leaves are wanting. The var. y., as De CandoUe observes, grows short and tufted, having its naturally submerged leaves (left by the evaporation of the water,) capillaceo-multifid, and more rigid than as if constantly under water. The tigure in Schkuhr admirably represents this kind of leaf. Var. i. stagnatilis is remarkable for its distantly-placed leaves, having an almost orbicular circumscription. Sect. II. Hecaionia. CarpeUa Icevia, ovato-stdnrotundOf in capitulum subrotunduni digesta. Badix fibrosa. DC. 2. R. PaUasii ; caule repente fistuloso, foliis omnibus petiolatis ovalibus obovatisve cuneatis tripartitis, calyce trisepalo, floribus octopetalis, seminum capitulo upliaTico, car- pellis crassis ovatis glabris rostellatis. — Schkclit. Animadv. Bot. Sect. 1. p. 15. L 2. Sprcig. Syst Veget. v. 2. p. 649. Hab. On the western shores of extreme Arctic America, beyond Behring's Straits, namely, in the Bays l> J Ibmunadut,] RANUNCULACEA. II of Eiohnholti and Good Hope; and in the little itUnd of St George, to the north of the Aleutian Iilee. Chamisso, Schleobtendal observes that this plant ii like none of the ipeoiei of Jtamncuhit belon^ng to thia ■ectioii, and that it is allied to Ficaria iu its triphyUoua calyx, and in having more than five petals ; but so dia- tinct from all, that it might form a separate genus, were it not for the presence of its nectariferous pore. 3. R. Hammula ; foliis glabris linearibus lanceolatis subovatisve subiiitcgris, caule de> clinato plus minusve radicante, pedunculis oppositifoUis, carpeilis licvibus. m. nuyor ; caule altiore, basi solutnmodo decumbente radicante, foliis lanceolatis ovatisve inferioribus petiolatis serratis. — R. Flammula. Linn. Sp. PI, p. 112. Mich.* Am. v. \. p. 321.? Purah, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 391. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 224. Rich, in Frankl. \at Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 22. De Cand, Prodr. v. \, p. 32. /3. intermedia ; caule repente graciii, foliis anguste lanceolatis superioribus linearibus in- tegerrimis. y. Jiliformia ; caule longe repente filiformi, foliis remotis linearibus integerrimis. — R. reptans. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 723. 27. Lapp. p. 236. t. 3. f.b. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 32. — R. filiforniis. Mich. Am. v. I. p. 320. Pursh, U. Am. v. 2. p. 392. Bigd. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 224. -Had. >. Canada. Mr. Ooldie. fi. and ko Huron. Dr. Richardion. Drummond.—Moiti of ((rowth and gantnl aapeot of R. panuuiiitftliui i the iMvet beini; of ueiirly the Mine >h«pe, undivided, on long petiolei, m tlwt they riie much iikove the very ihort item and flovven. The foliage, too, i« very large in proportion to tlio nixn of the pUnt ; yet when we uonie to eomparo thif ipeciee with the preceding one, we (hall tlud that there are many euential chamvtere in common, and that it i* probal)ly only a variety of it. There are leveral ipeoimeni, however, in the collection, and there ii no variation among them. 10. R. cardiophylluH ; pubescenti-hirsutuii, foliis rudicalibus rotundoto-cordatis baii lub-protunde eniarginatis intcgris niultifidisque, caulinis |>»liiiato-inultifidis luciniii lineari- bus incigo-crcimtis, calycu pnteiite corolla dimidiu breviorc, fructibus oblongis. (Tab. V. B. Fig. \, Pericorp : — magnijied.) Tola plania magii minuivo pubeiccnti-hinuta. Caulin fere pedaliji, ereutui, itriutui, lubrobuitui. Folia radicalia 3 vel 4, longe petiolata, rotundato-cordutn, boxi itubprofimde cmurginata, Integra, crenata vel multi- partita, laciniii linearibui lubintegris : eaulina fern sensiliu, multipurtito. Floret m%)iUH:uli, aurei. Catyx membranacpui, lubcoloratui, patens, corollu dupio brovior, Petiila lato ovalia, concava, obtuiinima. Fructus oblongua. Cariopnidea numorove, Rubrotundv, porva), compresiie, itylo unciuato longiuMulo ter> minatw. HAa From Canada to lat. &i°. In the central prairie and limestone districts. Dr. Richardson. Drum- tnoml. Alpine prairies in the Rocky Mountains. Druvimoml. — Uf all this tribe, the present individual is th« tallest, stoutest, and has the largest flower. Its rnilical leaven are more deeply emarginate at the base than any other; yet I dare not positively pronounce it u good species. It may be considered as holding nearly the same relationship with /{. ovali», as R. nfflnit does with auricumu». I have more than once, and that in unison with the ideas of my valued friend Mr. Amott, had the inten- tion of describing the whole of the btst four species as different states of R, auricomun: but I felt that I •hould make myself better understood, and create less confusion, by considering them species, or, if the reader pleases, xiibspecies, than by enumerating them as varieties. When seen growing by Mr. Drummond, in their reH|>ective localities, they appeared to him to bo truly distinct; but, at the sometime, there are gradations which seem to unite the whole. They all agree in general habit, in the fasciculato-fibrous roots, erect stems, deeply divided caulino leaves or bracteo*, in the somewhat coloured thin membranaceous ercct»- patent, at length rellexed sepals, and in the shape and structure of the curpebi : they vary in the divided or entire root-leaves, in the comparative lengths of the petals, and in the rounded or elongated heads of fruit. To some of these species or varieties, the R. caiaubiaia approaches very nearly ; but it has a more •traggling habit, and the root-leaves are more reniform, the heads of capsules rounded, or nearly so, and with fewer carpels. Many of these are probably included in the numerous varieties of R. auricomus of iichlecht- endal, who considers it certain that the R. cassubicus should be united with that phmt. One other plant of this groupe yet remains to be described, namely the 1 1. R. abortivus ; foliis radicalibus cordato-subrenirormibus late ovatisve obtusis crena- tis integris vel trisectis, caulinis plerutnque tripartitis segmcntis lincari-lanceolatis integris vel incisis, calyce colorato reflexo, fructus capitulo oblongo rotundato. «. petalis linearibus calyce vix longioribus. — II. abortivus. Linn. — I'ursh, Fl, Am. v. 2. p. 392. Bigel. Fi. Dost ed. 2. p. 225. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 58. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 34. Schlecht. Jnimadv. Sect. 2. p. 10 — R. nitidus. JValt. Fl. Carol, p. 159; (accord- ing to De Cand., though Elliott refers that to R. sceleratus ;) not of Muhl. and Elliott. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 392. fi. petalis calyce pilosciusculo duplo longioribus. Had. a. and /3. Canada; and to lat. 67° : central limestone and prairie districts, and eaitem declivities [Ratmneuliu. •ral up«ot of that they riie he liie of the ire arn miuiy ral ipscimens, rdatis bati liis lincari- Tao. V. D. Mtuf. Folia ta vet multi- irei. Calj/x obtiuJMima, [iiuoulo ter- boB. Dntm- fiHual i« tha 0 boio than ; nearly the i the inten- [ felt that I > or, if the )rumniond, there are roiu rooti, ms erccto^ divided or of fruit. 18 a more and with Hvlilecht- ir plant of s crena- integris m. V. 2. fr. V. 1. iiccord- EUiott. iclivitiev JtoMmaiAw.l RANUNCULACEiB. M of the Rooky Mountain*. Dr. fti-hartbon. Prunu,i.nnd. Mr: PtreivaL Mr. Titdd, Newfoundlaml. Mr, Cormarh. Allied to lome atatfl* of H. itgbun, mid /I. ■walu ; or, aa Hchleuhtendal well obnervei, " inter R, mricomum and R. in i '■ rfitiim media, ab )iff<>>{ue autem Mo oalo divena." It ia diitiiiKuinhed from the foreirniiiK upeoiei by ita luun Jelioate and wangrf^fanacooua texture, by the conitantly redexrd <«lyx, the imailer and narrower petala of a. f*tt> yvllow colour. MoiM* of pericarp* globote, or but •lightly elonK»ted. Carpeli almoat entirely |[labroui, t\fp*ii » ith a very ihort style or muoro— a very imperfect one indeed, aa de*cril)ed by De Candolle. From the Llutt#d State*, eipecially from th<< tiAJKhbourhood of Uoiton, I poiuH ■pecimeni whoae gemiuna have a long and a (tout recurved mucro, yet in other rmpects preciaaly according with our Britiili North American B. abortivui. 12. Jt. aceleratiM ; foliis gliibris petiolatis tripartitis, liulicalibus lobis trilobatis obtuso Bubincisis, caulinis lobis oblongo-linearibus integris, florulibus obloiigis, cnlycc refluxo glabra, cnrpullis minimis in cupitulum oblongum dlspoHitiii. Linn. — Engl. Hot. t. 6HK Pur»h, Ft. Am, v. 2. p. 392. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 69. Iligel. Fl. Bout, ed, 2. p. 225. De Cand. Prodr. v. I. p. 34. — Hecatunia palustrls. Imut. Coch. p. 371. De Cand. Syst. Veget. V. 1. p. 227. Hab. Flooded gravelly banki of riven, from Canada to Ut. 07°. Dr. Richardson. Douglni. Drummond. — Almost entirely glabroui, Schlechtendal indeed mention! a pubeicent variety. The ipeviea ii« conitant in the form of ita radical leaven, cut and divided in a regular nunner, in the very leafy item, the amull pale flower, in the oblong compact head of uumeroua very imall rounded oarpela, which have aoarcely any ityle, and are furuiihed with a diatinct margin along the back. 1.*). R,Purshii; fluitans, caule elongato, follis submersis caplUaceo-multiflclis, emersis reniformlbus S-S-partitis, lobis varle sectis, sepalls reflexis corolla duplo brevioribus, fructu subgloboso, stylo recto ensiformi. (Tab. VII. B.) m. foliis omnibus capillaceo-multifidis, flore majore, caule fistuloso. — R. multiftdus. Purgh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 736. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 228. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 34. — R. fluviatilis. Bigd. Fl. Boat. ed. 1. p. 139. (nee allorum.) fi. foliis submersis capillaceo-multifidis, natantlbus reniformlbus palmato-multifidis. (Tab. VII. B. Fig. 1.) y. repens, foliis inferiorlbus linearl-multipartltis, superloribus reniformlbus palmato-mul- tifidis. (Tab. VII. B. Fig. 2.)— R. Purshll, m.—Rich. in FranU. UtJoum. ed. 2. App. p. 23. ). repens, foliis omnibus reniformi-rotundatis palmato-tri-quinquefidls. (Tab. VII. B. Fig. 3.) — R. Purshii, fi. Rich. I. c. — R. Gmelinl. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 35. (excl. syn. Schlecht.) — R. LnngsdoriRI. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 34. — Ranunculus foliis duplicato- trifidis, caullbus filiformlbus decllnatls. Gmel. Fl. Sib. v. 4. t. 83. B. Had. Common throughout the eastern and prairie districts, from Canada to near the Arctic Sea : never observed floating in deep water, but sometimes spreading over the surfaces of sphagnous bogs, more gener- ally creeping on mud in very sheltered poob of water, in shady places. /3. and y. Lakes and niantheg about Slave Lake, Cumberland House Fort. Dr Richardson: and to the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. i. Bear Lake. Dr. Richardson, Bay of Eschscholtz, on the western shore of extreme Arctic America. Chumisso. — This aquatic plant has a very simikr habit with R. aquatilis, and, like it, varies exceedingly in the length of the stems and shape of its leaves, according to its situation in deep or shallow water, in more or less flowing streams, und on the almost dry mud, &c. I possess a series of specimens from the R. tnultffidus of Pursh, (a name that is however pre-occupied by a plant of Forskall,) which is a more southern plant, 2 feet long, thicker in its fistulose stem than a goose-quill, and clothed with none but long capillaceous multifid leaves. "^.I 16 RANUNCULACE^. [Sanutuultu. to our last mentioned var. which is only 3 or 4 inches in lpng;tii, with an almost orbicular circumscription to the leaves, having all multilid and linear segments and small solitary floivers, and which seems to be exactly the R. Langsdorffii* of De CandoUe. Intermediate states possess the natant broad foliage, similar to what is so common on the 11. aquatilis. Sometimes there is a little pubescence on the stem and leaves. Richardson has well described my varieties y. and S. and particularly noticed the remarkable character of the style. Mr. Brown's R. inundatus, from New Holland, appears to be allied to this. Tab. VII. Fig. 1, R. Purshii, /3.; fig. 2, vnr. y.; fig. 3, var. S.: nat. size; fig. 4, Petal; fig. 5, Side view, and fig. 6, Back view of n pistil ; fig. 7, Head of pcricaq)s ; fig. 8, Single pericarp : — magnified. 14. It. lapjmnicus; foliis glabris, radicalibus longc petiolatis tripartitis lobis dilitatis obtusis grosse deiitatis, scapo nunc unifoliato unifloro foliis longiore, calyce 3-sepalo re- flexo. — Linn. Fl. Lapp. t. 3. f. 4. liich. in Frankl. \st Journ. cd. 2. App. p. 23. Dc Cand. Prodr. V. 1. />. 35. Hook, in Parry's 3d Voy. App. p. 121. Had. Mossy woods in the eastern and central districts, and from lat. 50° to the Arctic Sea, Dr. Rich- ardson. Mountain swamps; eastern declivity of the Itocky Mountains, lat. o2° to 57°. Drummond. Whale Islands in the Arctic Sea. Lieut. Ross. — A rare plant; being very alpine or very arctic. The lower part of the stem is filiform, and creeps nmch under ground, throwing out long, white, fibrous radicles. The scape is sometimes furnished with a single leaf, and tliis is remarkably the case with the specimens from the coast; and it is so figured by Ileichcnbach. The calyx consists of 3 sepals, and the corolla of 6 (Schlechteudal says 8) spathulate petils; hence it is allied to the geuus Ficaria, and, like it, it bears gemmie or little bulbs. Heads roundish, of few carpels, which are margined. Styles as long as the capsules, flattened at the base, and recurved. 15. 11. hypcrboreus; foliis glabris petiolatis trifidis lobis ovali-oblongis divaricatis, lateralibus subbifidis, medio iiitegro, vnginis basi biauriculatis, caule filiformi repente. — Bottb. in Act. Hufn. 10. p. 458. t. 4. / Ifi. Schkcht. Animadv. Sect. 2. p. 12. De Cand. Prodr. i\ 1. p. 35. Brown in Parry's 1st Joy, App, p, cclxiii. I^ook. in Parry's 2d Voy. App, p. 4; in Parry's 3d Voy, App. p, 29. — 11. Gnielini. Schkcht. Animadv. Sect. 2. p. 35. (non De Cand.) — Ranunculus foliis subrotundis trilobis integerrimis, caulc lepentc. Gmel. Fl. Sib. V, 4. p, 204. t. 83. b. c. HAn. Marshes in the Rocky Mountains ; lat. 52° to 57°. Drummond. Arctic Islands. Capt. Sir E. Parry. Edwards. Bay of Eschscholtz, and of Scliischmaref. Chamisso. — Whole plant quite glabrous in the American specimens, hairy in those of Sweden, M'htch I have received from the late Professor C. Smith. Stems creeping. Heads of germens globose, compact. Each cariojisis or carpel is distinctly margined ou the back, and tipped with a very short inconspicuous mucro. 16. li, pygmcEUS ; foliis glabris 3-5 (idis, radicalibus petiolatis, caulino scssili, caule 1-floro, calyce ghibro petalis longiore subreflcxo, carpellis subrotundis stylo adunco brevi • Whilst writing this paragrspli, 1 had the plehsure to receive a letter from Mr. Arnott, dated St. Petersburgh, who assures nie, that on referring to Ginelln's Herbarium, in the Museum of the Academy of that city, he finds the plant H-hich corresponds witli Tab. 83. B. of the " Flora Sihii'ica " to be truly our R. Piirsliii, and, he believes, cer- tainly the Lanjsdorffii of De Candolle. It is equally the li. (Imdiiii of De Candolle, wliose only authority is the figure of Gmelin, which he cites. Hut it is not the li. Cmclini of Schlechtcndal's Animadv. p. 35, for which he refers to Gmcl. I. 83. b. f. c. (though, from a misprint, it is made 830,) not 83. B. 'I'liat plant iiguin, (Gmel. 83. 6. /. 0.) .Mr. Arnott assures me, is 11. hypcrboreus; and Esclischoltz's plant, likewise quoted, which X possess in my Herbarium, is the same species, hyperboreut. li. Gmilini, therefore, no longer exists as u species. [RanuTtculiu, nrciungcriptioD h seems to be blioge, similar m and leares. lo character of 5, Side view, ified. bis dihtatis <-sepalo re- 1. Do Cand. «. Dr. Rich. ■Dnimmond. Tlio loiver reus radicles. he specimens corolla of 0 bears geramie lies, tlattcDed divaricatis, repente. — JJe Cand. 2d Voy. '. p. 35. Gmet. Rammaibu.] RANUNCULACE^. vt ite, 'apt. Sir E. irous iu the C. Smith. ined on the caule ICO brevi lersburgh, finds the licvcsi cer- ity ia the U'liich he md. m. ft. «9 in mjr mucronatis.— J^FoA/. Fl. Lapp. p. 157. t. 8. / 1. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 893. De Cand. Prodr. V. 1. p. 36. Beic/ienb. Ic. Bot. t. 2. / 3, 4, 5. Aich. in Frankl. Utjoum. ed. 2. App. p. 23. Schknht. Animadv. Sect. 2. p. 12. — R. caule unifloro, &c. var. y. pygmseus. Litm. Fl. Lapp. p. 187. <. 3. / 3. Hab. Moist grassy places, on the high parts of the Rocky Mountains, in lat. 55°. Drumnumd. Arctic Sea coast, between long. 170° and 140°. Dr. Richardson. About Behring's Straits on Chamisso's Island, and on that of St. Lawrence. Chamisso.—Stem erect, never creeping. Plant gbtbrous. Heads of carpels oblong. Pericarps subglobose, not margined at the back; by which character and the erect mode of growth it may be known from its affinity, R, hyperboreus. From R. nivalis it is distinguished by its much smaller size, laxer habit, and especially by the minute, inconspicuous flowers. 17. Ji, Sabinii; foliis radicalibus elongato-petiolatis tripartitis, lobis ellipticis lateralibus semi-biBdis, caulinis sessilibus tripartitis linearibus, calycibus hirsutis petala retusa sub- aequantibus. Broivn in Partes \st Voy. App. p. cclxiv. Hab. Melville Island. Parry. Shores of the Arctic Sea, between Mackenzie River and the Coppermine River. Dr. Richardson. — I find amongst Dr. Richardson's specimens of R. pygnusus, a few individuals of a hirger size than the rest, having hairy calyces and ktrger petals, nearly equalling the sepals in length, and which quite agree with Mr. Brown's R. Sabinii. They seem indeed almost to form a connecting link between R. pygmaits and R. nivalis. 18. It. nivalis; foliis radicalibus elongato-petiolatis dilatatis lobatis, lobis subovatis, caulinis subsessilibus palmatis, caule erecto sub-unifloro, petalis obovatis integerrimis longioribus calyce hirsutissimo, stylis rectiusculis ovarla glabra wquaiuibus. Br. ». folia radicalia reniformia alte lobata, lobo medio cuneato-obovato basi angustiore. Br.—R. nivalis. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 778. WaU. Fl. Lapp. p. 156. t. 8. / 3. Schlecht. Animadv. Sect. 2. p. 14. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 35. Brown in Parry's 1st Fay. App. p. cclxiv. Rick, in Franhl. \st Joum. App. ed. 2. p. 24. — R. caule unifloro, &c. Linn. Fl. Lapp. p. 187. t. 3. / 2. /8. folia radicalia basi cuneata vix ad medium lobata, lobo medio semiovato basi latiore, petala orbiculato-obovata calyce hirsutissinio sesquiloiigiora. Br. — R. nivalis, /3. Wahl. Fl. Lapp. p. 157. (excl. syn. Mart. Spitzb.) Brotm in Parrt/s 1st Voy. App. p. cclxiv. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. j). 35.— R. sulphureus. « Soland. in Phipps' Voy. p. 202." De Cand. Syst. Veget. v. 1. p. 274. (excl. syii. Mart. Spitzb., Laxniannii, Willdenovii, et Smithii .- fide Br.) Rich, in Frankl. \st Joum. ed. 1. p. 742. Sc/decht. Animadv. Sect. 2. p. 15. R. primus. " Mart. Spitzb. t. 6. f. c." y. folia radicalia basi subcuneata v. transverse alte lobatn, lobo medio cuneato-obovato basi angustiore. Br. — R. nivalis, y. Brown in Parry's 1st Voy. App. p. cclxiv. Had. Lofty parts of the Rocky Mountain chain, lat. 55°. Drummond. Copper Mountains and Arctic Sea coast, in muddy pools which become dry during summer, long. 1 10°. Dr. Richanlson. Arctic coast, near the termination of the Rocky Mountains, long. 140°. Captain Sir J. Fra)Min. Captain Bach. Behring's Straits. Chamisso. Kotzcbuc's Sound. Lay and Collie in Beechey's Voyage. — This plant is remarkable for the variable form of its root-leaves, and Mr. Drummond made the remark, which is confirmed by all the numerous specimens collected by him iu the Rocky Mountains, that this may be at once discriminated from R. Eschscholtzii, by these leaves never rising with the flower, and being only fully expanded after the flowers VOL. I. C * * 1 If ) k -* •;u (i 'i!» iii 1 18 RANUNCULACEiE, [Sanuncubu. are in perfection.' The two are very nearly allied in habit ; but it. nivalis may alwityg be known by the deep brown and very numerous long hairs which clothe its calyx and peduncle. My specimens of B, fri- gidus, given me by Mr. Prescott, from the Altaic Mountains, scarcely differ from this species, especially the var. /3. The leaves are wedge-shaped, crenato-lobate ; tlie petals more or less obtusely emarginate at the extremity, and the nerves are more frequently anastomosing than in R. nivalis. But again, one of my Spitz- beiyen specimens has notched petals, and I fear the peculiarity of the nervation of the petak is not constant. Hence, I should be much inclined to unite them. 19. It. EschachoUzii ; foliis ciliatis radicalibus petiolatis, partitionibus lobatis, caule sub- bifloro, caiyce hirsuto petalis breviore, carpellis oblique ovatis stylo ipsis breviore ter- minatis. Schkcht. Animadv. Sect. 2, p. 16. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 35. i3. petalis minimis vel abortivis. Hab. IsUnds of Unalaschka and St. George, N. W. America. Chamisso. Near the regions of perpetual snow, on the borders of streams upon the Rocky Mountains, Int. 52° to db°. Drumnumd. — Schlechtendal has admirably described this species ; and his figure differs in nothing from the greater number of our Rocky Mountain specimens, except in being larger and more luxuriant in all its parts. The var. /3. above men- tioned is indeed as large as the specimens in Schlechtendal's figure, but the petab are abortive. The author of the " Animadversationes" observes that it differs from R. nivalis in all the leaves being constantly ciliated, (so they are in our R. nivalis,) iu those of the root being always tripartite, with the divisions constantly lobed, in the calyx always sparingly clothed with fulvous hairs, and the carpels having the styles shorter than themselves. Mr. Drununond's specimens are all in flower. I have not seen the fruit. 20. JR. pedatifidus; foliis subpubcrulis, radicalibus petiolatis palmatim pedatisve in lobos linenres integros partitis, scapo subnudo erecto uni-bifloro, caiyce patente subvilloso. (Tab. VIII. K)— Smith in Rees' Cycl. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 36. Schkcht. Animadv. Sect. 2. p. 18. Species quasi media inter R. nivalent vel Eschscholtxii et specimina parva R. affinis ! sed ut mihi videtur, omnino distincta. Radix e fibris crassiusculis, subsimplioibus vel solummodo fibrillosis, fascicniatis. Folia subciliata et parce pilosa, preecipue sub lente ; radicalia longe petiolata, petiolo basi vaginato, membranaceo, nitido, pallido, pedatim divisa, segmeutis palmatis, laciniis lineari-oblongis, obtusiusculis. Caulis vel scapus plemmque unifolius, digitalis in nostris oxamplaribus, folio sessili palmatim profunde diviso, supeme, vel pedunculus, hirsutus. Flos terminalis, solitarius, mediocris. Sepala ovalia, valde concava, patentia, extus pilosa, pilis albidis nitidis. Petala 5, ovalia, calycem paulo loogiora, flava. Oermina in capitulum subro- tundum congesta, ovata, stylis paulo brevioribus recurvatis attenuata. Had. Barren summits of the Rocky Mountains, on the eastern side of the ridge, lat. 52° to 55°. Drum- mond. — This plant has been well described by Sir James E. Smith, from Siberian specimens, aud by Schlecht- endal from those gathered by Chamisso, in the Bay of St. Lawrence, on the coast of Kamschatka. Our plants are from three to four incites in height, offering no variation in the numerous specimens gathered by Mr. Drummond, The species is allied on the one hand to R. nivalis, Eschsclwltzii, and, I may even add, to R. Sabinii, but differing in the constantly pedatifid leaves ; and, on the other hand, I possess some single- flowered specimens of R. affinis, which show a great alfinity with it. Ripe fruit I have not seen. TAn. VIII. B. R. pedatifidus. Fig.l, VhtiU -.—maffnified. 21. R. ttcris; adpresse hirsutus vel subglaber, foliis 3-5 partitis segmentis profunde * Thit, indeed, doe* not bold good with the arctic sperimeni, moot of which have their cuneate leave* at the same time with the flower*. Ittumncubu.] RANUNCULACEiE. 19 I at the sanir trifidis laciniatis, laciniis lanceolatis acutis suinmis linearibus, caule multifloro, pedunculis teretibus, calyce patente villoso, carpellis suborbiculatis compressis stylo brevi recurvato terminatis. — Lim. — Smith in Engl. Bot. t. 632. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 394. Bigd. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 226. Schkcht. Animadv. Sect. 2. p. 21. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 36. Hab. Banks of riven in the central limestone district, and eastern primitive range, from Canada to lat. 58°. Dmnmumd. — A Very variable plant, generally clothed with silky appressed hairs, and on which some excellent remarks are given in Schlechtendal's " Animadversationes." 22. R. repens ; foliis ternatis, foliolis plerumque petiolatis trifidis, segmentis cuneatis incisis, sarmentis radicantibus, calyce tidpresso, carpellis stylo breviusculo recto. — Linn. — Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 394. Smith in Engl. Bot. t. 516. Bigel. Fl. Bout. ed. 2. p. 227. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 38. Had. Quebec. ilfr«. Shepherd. 23. R. hispidm; caule erncto ramoso petiolisque patentim pilosissimis, foliis longe petiolatis ternatis supreniis subsessilibus, foliolis trifidis incisis laciniis lanceolatis apice callosis, calyce hispido demum reflexo, capitulis globosis, carpellis orbiculatis, stylo brevi- uscirio recto acuminatis. — Mich. Am. v. 1. j». 321. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 395. De Cand. Prodr. V. I. p. 39. Radix, ut in omnibus fere hujusce seetionis, fasciculato-fibrosa. Caulis erectus, palmaris ad pedalem, erectus, ramosus, supemepnecipue pilis patontibus, hispidissimus. Folia inferiora, caulina, et radicalia pra- cipue, petiolata, superiora subsessilia, temata; foliolis fere omnibus sublonge petiolatis obovatis basi at- tenuatis, trifidis vel tripartitis, laciniis lato-lanceolatis incisis, apicibus acutis, callosis, nonnunquam distincte, et fere albidis. PetioH hispidi, rarissime glabriusculi, pilis, ut in caule, patentibus. Pedunculi plurimi, pilis erectiusculis hispidi. Calycia sepala ovaUa, parce pilosa, demum reflexa. PetcJa calyce vix dimidio longi- ora, ovalia, breve unguiculata, flava, venosa. Pistitta ovata, stylo vix apice recurvato attenuata. Capituhim fructus globosum. Carpella majuscula, orbicularia, compressa, distincte marginata, sublente pulcherrime impresso-punctata, stylo brevi rectiusculo terminata. — Variat petalis calycem longitudine aequautibus. Hab. Banks of rivers from Canada to near the mouth of the Mackenzie River, lat. 67°; and from the shores of Hudson's Bay to the Pacific. Dr. Richardson. Drunmwnd. Scouler. Douglas. — This seems to be a very little known plant, and one that is by no means, in any publication, correctly defined. Schlechtendal has, I think, confounded it with R. fascicularis of Muhlenberg, a very different species. Its nearest affinity is unquestionably to R. Pennsi/lvanicus, the R. Canadensis of Jacquin ; but that has oblong heads of fruit, and a still shorter style. 24. R. Pennsylvanicus ; caule erecto ramoso petiolisque patentim hispido-pilosis, foliis longe petiolatis ternatis supremis subsessilibus, foliolis trifidis incisis laciniis lanceolatis, calyce patentissimo demum reflexo petalis parvis longiore, capitulis oblongis stylo bre- vissimo. — Linn. Suppl. p. 272. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 392. De Cand. Prodr. v.\. p. 40. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 227. — R. Canadensis. Jacq. Misc. v. 2. p. 343. Ic. Rar. v. 1. t 163. Had. Found with the last mentioned species, and it is equally difliused, but generally prefers the exposed moist gravelly spots. — There can be no mistaking this pkint, which is admirably figured by Jacquin. How it b to be distinguished from R. hispidus, I have noticed under the preceding species : but, except in the fruit and flower, it must be confessed that the two are very closely allied. Carpels dotted in both. c 8 ^ E SO RANUNCULACEiE. [Ramincubi$. 25. 72. nitidus ; glabriusculus, fuliis radicalibus longissime petiolatis ternatis, foliolis petiolatis profunde trifidis tripartitisve, segmentis lato-lanceolatis trifidis incisis, caulinis supretnis sublinearibus integris trifidisve, calyce pateiite demum reflexo subhirsuto, capi- tulo subrotundo, carpellis orbicularibus conipressis margiiiatis breviter niucronatis. — Muhl. Cat. (non Walter.) Elliott, Card. v. 2. p. 61. — R. septentrionalis. Pursh, Ft. Am. V. 2. p. 395.? — R. Carolinianus. De Cand. Syst. Veget. v. 1. p. 292, Prodr. v. 1. p. 40. Had. Abundant on the lower fertile plains of the Columbia, where it attains the height of from IJ to 2^ feet, extending to the mountain vallies, where it is of humbler growth, Douglas. Canada. Mrs. Percival. — Allied to Jt. hispidus and R. Permsylvatams : but almost quite glabrous in all its parts, and the leaves are of a remarkably thin and membranaceous texture. I have compared it with the R. nitidus of Mr. Elliott, whose specimens are from Georgia, and I find it to be in every particular the same. Mr. C. S. Parker finds it on the Ohio ; so that, in all probability, it is a general plant in North America. 26. R. recurvatus; caule erecto folioso petiolisque patentim villosis, foliis omnibus petiolatis 3-partitis, segmentis ovatis acutis incisis, sepalis patentibus demum reflexis pilosis, petalis ellipticis plerunique abortivis, carpellis stylo uncinato. — Poiret, Encyc, 6. p. 123. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 394. De Cand. Prodr. v.\.p. 39. De Less. lev. 1. «. 41. (excellent.) Schlecht. Animadv. Sect. 2. p. 28. /3. Nelsonii, foliorum lobis approxlmatis, pediccllis adpresse pilosis folii longitudinis. — De Cand. Prodr. v. I. p. 40. y. caule foliisque glabriusculis. Hab. Labrador. Herb. Banks. Mouth of the Columbia, Douglas, Scouler; near the source of that river, and on the eastern declivity of the Rocky Mountains, lat. 62° to 5d°, in woods and shady places. Drummond. /3. Unalaschka. Nelson, y. Mountain woods, north of the Smoking River. Drummond. Canada. Todd. — Flowers, generally, as figured by De Lessert, with abortive petals. Mr. Douglas's speci- mens from the North-West coast have the petals thrice as long as the calyx. The style varies in length, but is always recurved. The carpels compressed, margined, minutely dotted. The leaves, stems, and petioles very variable in hairiness. Peduncles, too, sometimes very short, so that the flowers are hid among the foliage ; at other times much elongated. 27. R. /bscicularis ; appresso-pilosus, caule subramoso brevi, foliis longe petiolatis ter- natis quinato-pinnatisve, segmentis oblongo-obovatis cuneatisve pinnatifido-lobatis, calyce patente villoso petalis duplo breviore, capitulis rotundatis, carpellis subrotundis compressis, stylo subiEque longo recurvato. (Tab. VIII. B.) — Muhl. in Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 226. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 411. Sc/decht. Animadv. Sect. 2. p. 31. j3. magis hirsutus. Hab. Canada, to the south cud of Lake Winipeg. Cleghom. Dr. Richardson. Drummond. — A very distinct species, in habit most allied to R. bulbos^is, especially in the leaves being much more compound than is usual in this genus. Root densely fasciculated, throwin^r up from its crown many leaves and stems, the latter scarcely exceeding the former in length, and both pubescent or pilose, with appressed hairs. In some of Dr. Torrey's specimens from New York, the outermost leaves are simply 3-lobed ; in Dr. Boott's plants, from near Boston, the very outermost of the radical leaves are ternate, with obovate and somewhat incised leaflets : but in most instances these leaflets are again deeply divided, the middle always much petiolate, and itself ot'ten ternately divided, so that the whole leaf is pinnated, with four lateral and ouo ter- minal (always petiolated) leaflets, and these variously cut, and divided ; those of the stem arc generally situated on long petioles. The petals are as variable as the leaves, obovate, oval, and oblongo-elliptiial. if J-iSj I,. [Ranuncttbu. natis, foliolis cisis, caulinis liirsuto, capi- nucronatis. — irsh, 12. Am. . 1. p. 40. >frrom l^tog^ bfra. Percival. — ho leaves are of r. Elliott, whose rker finds it on Ranunculus.] RANUNCULACEJE. 21 liis omnibus lum reflexis Ertcyc. 6. p. c. V. 1. t. 41. igitudinis. — source of that 1 shady places. . Dmmmoiid. auglas's speci- ries in length, 8, and petioles lid among the tiolatis ter- atis, calyce compressis, 2. p. 226. md. — A very re compound es and stems, id hairs. In Dr. Bootfs id somewhat Jways much and one ter- rc generally igo.«llipti(»l, mostly 5, but sometimes 6 or 7. Carpels large, collected into a globose head, roundish, or inclining to obovate, compressed, quite glabrous, marginated, the margin tapering upwards into a recurred filiform style, flat, broad, and membranous at the base, about equal in length with the carpel. Dr. Bigelow, or Muhlenberg in Bigelow's Flora of Boston, is the authority for R. feucicularis i and our Canadian specimens in every particular agree with those I have received from Dr. Bigelow and Dr. Boott, from Boston, Schlechtendal appears to have seen quite another plant in Willdenow's Herbarium, under this name, which hehas figured in his " Animadvetsationes," and our specimens of the following species so entirely agree with it, that I have ventured to consider them the same. 28. R. Schkchtendalii ; patente-pilosus, caule subramoso brevi, foliis longe petiolatis cordatoreniformibus tripartitis, lobis obovatis trifidis laciniatisve, sepalis pilosis patentibus demum reflexis corolla brevioribus, stylo germinibus subaeque longo. — R. fascicularis. Schkcht. Animadv. Sect. 2. p. 30. t. 2. Radix fasciculatim fibrosa. Caules spithamiei, 2, 3, vel 4 ex eadem radice, superne ramosi, parce foliosi, pilosi, pilis patentibus, versus basin etiam reflexi. Folia subhirsuta, ciliata, omnia petiolata, mollia ; radi- calia petiolis longissimis ; omnia (nisi in summitate caulis, ubi lanceolata trifida vel subintegra,) cordata vel reniformia, tripartita, segmentis obovatis, lateralibus bilobis, lobis bi-trifidis, intermedio trifido, laciniis acutis. Flores majusculi. Sepala membraoacea, patentia, demum reflexa, petalis breviora. Pelala obovata, lineata. Fructus non vidi, sed pistillonun stylus longiusculus, subcurvatus. Hab. Eastern declivity of the Rocky Mountains, between lat. 52° and 55°, in rich soils : plentiful. Drummond. — This plant agrees in every particular, as far as I can judge without fruit, with the description and figure above quoted of Schlechtendal's R. fascicularis, except that his figure represents a slenderer plant, and one of the leaves has the middle lobe petiolated, and the calyx not reflexed. The rest of the foliage, the flowers, the patent hairs, the fasciculated root, and whole habit entirely correspond. — The species like- wise approaches in habit luxuriant states of R. Eschscholtzii, but the leaves and stalks of R. ScMechtendalii are always hairy, and its calyx is never clothed with fulvous hairs. 29. R. bulbosua ; foliis longe petiolatis ternatis quinato-pinnatisve, foliolis tri-quinque- partitis, laciniis trifidis vel incisis, caule erecto basi bulboso, calyce reflexo, petalis obcor- datis brevioribus. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 778. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 398. Engl. Bot. t. 15. De Cand. Prodr. «. 1. p. 41. Hab. Canada. Lady Dalhousie. Newfoundland. Mr. Morrison. 30. R. orthorhynchus ; appresso-pilosus, caule erecto gracili superne ramoso et subfolioso, foliis radicalibus petiolatis ternatis, foliolis lineari-multifldis apicibus albo-callosis, calyce reflexo, stylo carpellis longiore recto stricto. (Tab. IX.) Radix fasciculatim fibrosa, fibris crassis, descendentibus. Tola planta pilis sparsis, arete appressis, rigidis tecta. Caulis pedalis ad sesquipedalem, erectus, gracilis, superne dichotome ramosus, ad divisiones ramorum foliosus, ceteroquin nudus. Folia plerumque radicalia, sublonge petiolata, circumscriptione ovata, ternatim-pin- natifida, foliolis in laciniis plurimis, linearibus, acutis, apicibus callosis, piunatifidis partitis : Caulina sessilia, laciniis magis angusta. Pedunculi graciies, elongati. Calyx sepalis ovalibus reflexis, corolla duplo brevioribus. Petala ovalia, flava, majuscula. Capitula subrotunda, laxa. Carpella late semi-ovata, compressa, minute punctata, marginata, stylo vel rostro carpellis longiore, recto, stricto, sensim attenuata. Hab. Not unfrequent on the low points of land near rivers, in North-West America. Douglas. This most distinct and interesting species of Ranunculus is remarkable for the deeply cleft segments of its leaves, and their linear lobes, which rather resemble those of some species of Anemone, or of Papaver mdicaule, than any of the North American kinds of Ranunculus. Tab. IX. R. orthorhynchus. i^iV^. I, Capsule: — magn{fied. 28 RANUNCULACEJE. [GMa. 'l IS A-' a CALTHA. Linn, Cal. coloratus, 5-sepalus, sepalis suborbiculatis, petaloideis. Petala 0. Stam. plurimo. Ovaria 5-10. Capsuke 5-10, compressae, patentes, I-looulares, polysperiniB. — HerbcD perennes, glaberrima. DC. 1. C. palustris; caule erecto, foliis orbiculato-cordatis reniformibusve crenatis, lobis obtusis, sepalis 5-6 ovalibus. — Linn, — Mich, Am. v, \,p. 324. Pursh, 27. Am. v. 2. p. 390. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2, p. 321. Rich, in Franhl. \st Joum. ed. 2. p, 24. Has. Throughout Canada, in the plains ; frequent. Labrador. Mr. Morrison. Columbia. Or, Scouler. 2. C. ttsanfidia ; caule suberecto unifloro, foliis cordato-reniformibus crenatis, sinu obtusis, sepalis 6-7 ovalibus. — De Cand, Syst, Veget. v. \. p, 309, Prodr. v. 1. p, 45. Hab. Unalaschka, and the Aleutian Isles. Herb. Banks.— Too near, 1 fear, to the C. paUuhis, which is ayowedly a very variable plant. 3. C, biflora; caule unifolio bifloro, foliis radicalibus petiolatis reniformibus crenatis, sinu latissimo, sepalis oblongis. — De Cand. Syst. Veget. if. 1. p. 310, Prodr. v. 1. p, 45. Has. Banks' Isles, on the North-West coast of America, Memies. — I have seen no specimens which exactly accord with this, but it seems to me too nearly allied to the following species. 4. C. kptosepala; caule erecto plerumque unifloro, foliis longe petiolatis cordatis crenatis, sepalis 8-10 oblongis. (Tab. X.) — De Cand. Syst, Veget, v. 1. p. 310, Prodr. v. I. p. 45. -■(, . . . .• : Radix fasciculata, e fibris numerosis, crassiusculis, longis, descendentibus. Caules palmares vel spithamni, erecti. Folia pauca, 4-5, plerumque omnia radicalia, cordato-rotundata, tenui-membranacea, sinu acutius- culo, margine, apice pnecipue, obsolete crenata : Caulina nulla vel solitaria, radicalibus similia sed minora. Petioli 2-3 uncias longi, basi membranaceo-vaginata. Flores solitarii, vel siepissime bini in singulo caule. Stp'ala S-10, elliptico-obloDga, alba, extus subcasrulea, siccitate sordide-lutea, reticolatim nervosa. Stamina numerosa, pistiUis longiora. Pistilla 8-10, ereota: Germea oblongum: Stiflo subnullo: Stigmate obtuso recurvo. , Had. North-West coast of America. Memies. Alpine swamps in the Rocky Mountains, between lat. 53° and 55°. Dnonmond. Tab. X. Fiff. 1, 2, Caltha leptosepala: — nat. size; Jiff. 3, Petal; Jiff. 4, Stamen; Jiff. 5, Pistils; ^g. 6, Single pistil : — nutgn\fied. 5. C. nutans; caule procumbente natante, foliis cordato-reniformibus crenatis, lobis subapproximatis postice obsolete crenatis antice dentatis, sepalis ovalibus, capsulis rostro recto. DC.—" Pall, It ed. min. 3. p. 248." Gmel. Fl. Sib. v. 4. p. 192. t. 82. Hab. Creeping on the surface of deep sphagnous bogs, in the woody central districts from Canada to lat. 60° ; rare. Dr. Richardson. Drummond. — Flowers of nearly a pure white, according to Dr. Richardson, and less than half the size of C. palustris. The specimens of this in the Herbarium are very imperfect, and I must confess that it appears to me an obscure species ; indeed the greater number of species in this genus are but imperfectly characterized. 6. C. arctica; caule repente, foliis reniformibus crenato-repandis obtusis, folliculis (12-16) imbricatis, stigmate persistente adnato apice recurvo, antheris linearibus viginti pluribus. — Broivn in Parrj^a 1st Voy. App. p. cclxv. CoptU.] HANUNCULACEA " Affinitate C. radicanti accedit ; figura foliorum et caule repente convenit cam C. no- tatite, quae facile distinguenda pistillis stamina longitudine et numero superantibus, in capitulum sphsericum dense congestis, stigmatibus rectis simplicibus subsessilibus, antheris ovalibus, iloribus albis foliisque aliquoties minoribus, et facie diversissima." Br. Hab. CoMt of the Arctic 8*8, long. lO?" to 160". Dr. Richardson. Captain Sir John Franklin and Captain Bach. Melville Islands. Captain Sir Edward Parry. 9. TROLLIUS. Lim. Cat. coloratus, 5-10-15 sepalus, sepalis deciduis, petaloideis. PU. 5-20, parva, basin versus perforata, 1-labiata. Stamina ovariaque plurima. Capsulee plurimse, sessiles, sub- cylindracese, polyspermae. 1. T. americanua; sepalis 5-10 patentibus obtusis, petalis 10-15 staminibus brevioribus. — « Muhl. Cat. 54." De Cand. Prodr. v.\. p. 46. Btilla^\0, sesiilia: Germen oblongum, curvatum, stylo attenuaturo : Stiffma lineare, recunrum, papilloium. Capsula 0-10, longe stipitatw, Rtipitibus subpubeRcontibuR, obiongo^vatie, styli basi brevi persistente acuminatw, mombranaceee, inflatie, Rupra planie, binervcR, nerro central! duplici, nervlR lateridibuR non ad apioem attingeutibuR, infeme gibboRV, nervo medio longitudinali ; Rupome ad apicem rima longitudinal! dehiRceutes, polyRperma. Semina receptaculis RuturalibuR, parte superiore capxuke inserto, peudentes, H-W, oblongw, fuRcw. Had. North -West coaRt of America. Menzies. Douglas. ObRervatory Inlet. Scolder, — There can be no queRtion of the correctneRs of Mr Salisbury in referring this curious plant to the genus Coptin. It has altogether the Ramo habit, and its fruit is equally elevated upon long stalkR. The Rhape of the fruit in both RpecieR Ir, indeed, not unlike that of Buxbaiimia ajihi/lla. lu the preRent individual, however, there are, beRideR the superior sutural double nerve, and the lower dorsal one, two lateral nerves, not reaching to the point, and they constitute the margin of the upper or plane surface. The llowerR are very different in the two ; the calyx in C. aaplenioides being much smaller than in C. trifolia, and always reflexed. The petab are exceedingly long and slender, very different in shape and texture from those of the other species. Tab. XI. Fiff. 1, PLint in flower; y?//. -i. Plant in fruit:— na/. size; Jiff. .'J, Single flower; yfy. 4, Anther; Jig. 5, Pistil ; Jigs. 0, 7, Capsules ; yf jr. 8, Section of a capsule : — magnified. 11. AQUILEOIA. Linn. Cal. 5-sepalus, deciduus, colorato-petaloideus. Petala 5, superne hiantia, bilabiuta, labio cxteriore magno piano, interiore mininio, deorsum producta in calcaria totidem cava, apice callosa inter sepala exserta. Ovaria 5. Capsulce totidem, erectae, polyspernio;, stylis acuminata;. DC. 1. A. brevistyla ; subpubescens, calcaribus incurvis limbo brevioribus, stylis brevibus inclusis, staminibus corolla subbrevioribus. — A. vulgaris? Rich, in FratM. 1st Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 21. Caulis foliaque fere omnino ut in A. vulgare. Flares duplo minores, cserulei, plenimque pubescentes. Calycis sepala ovato-lanceolata. Petalormn Calcar apice solummodo iucurvum, clavatum, limbo brevius. Stamina corolla subbreviora, exteriora basi membrana aucta, interiora omnino membranacea, lineari-oblonga, acuta, antheris destituta. Pistilla 5. Germina liiieari-cylindracea, pubescentia, in stylis apice leniter recurvis sensim atteuuata, staminibus brevioribus. Capsules 5, unciam longic, stylo brevi vix duas lineas longo terminate. Had. Western parts of Canada. Drummond. As far north as Bear Lake. Dr. Richardson. — Well dis- tinguished from A. vulgaris, which is its nearest affinity, by the smaller flowers and much shorter styles ; and from the A. ccerulea of Dr. Torrey, in his account of Plants from the Rocky MountaiuR, by its shorter spurs to the corolla, which are curved at the apex. It was detected by Dr. Richardson during the first Expedition, and doubtfully referred to A. vulgaris. 2, A. canadensis; glabra, calcaribus rectis limbo longioribus, staminibus exsertis, stylis setacels longitudine staminum. — Linn. — Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 372. Bigel. Ft. Dost. ed. 2. p. 219, De Cand Prodr. v.\. p. 50. Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 246. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 20. j3. hybrida ; calcaribus apice incurvis, stylis brevioribus, floribus plerumque purpureis. Had. Throughout Canada, from Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Mountains. Abundant at the mouth of the Columbia, especially about Fort Vancouver. Douglas. Scouler. /3. Among the Rocky Mountains, between lat. a'i" and 56°. Drummond. — The stem, which is branched upwards, and the leaves, are quite glabrous. C 11 ■ if; [Aquilegia. Flares parri, rmia, medium »• Anthera «lia: Gemen ! 0-10, loage nombranaoeee, tittus, inferne ma. Sanina ire can be no pits. It has rruit in both r, there are, ichiug^ to the erent in the The petals icios. '. 4, Anther; iuta, iabio lem cava, noB, stylis brevibus hum, ed. ibescenteg. )0 brevius. ri-oblonga, )r recurvis eas long:o -Well dis- er styles; its shorter the first Aconitum.) RANUNCULACEiE. ts IS, stylis it. ed. 2. 20. Dureis. thofthe between 3:labrou8, glaucous ) the radical leave* bitemate, leafleti rotundato^irenate, three-lobed, the Moments graerally bifid and obtuse; those of the stem gradually becoming more simple upward, at length only trifid. Flowen externally of a bright red colour, more or less yellow at the extremities of the petal*. The spur is liable to some variation in its relative length and thickness. As the A, hybrida of Sims (Bot. Mag. t. 1881,) is justly considered to be the offspring of A. vulgaris and A, canadensis, so is the present of A. brevislyla and canadensis ; partaking, however, more of the nature of the latter in the general shape and large size of the flower and comparative length of the spur, and showing its affinity with the former in it* pube*cent leave* and stem, and in the colour of its inflorescence. 18. DELPHINIUM. Linn. Cal. deciduus, petaloideus, irregularis, sepalo nempe superiore in calcar deorsum pro- ducto. Petala 4 ; 2 superiora basi in appendicibus intra calcar contentis producta. DC. 1. D. exaltatum; petiolis basi non dilatatis, foliis ultra medium S-5-7 fidis, lobis cunei- formibus 3-fidis laciniatisve acuminatis, racemo stricto, calcare recto longitudine calycis. — Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. I. r. 2. p. 244. Ptirsh, Fl. Am. v. 2. />. 371. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 64. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 19. — D. tridactylum. Mich. Am. v. I. p. 314. — D. urceolatum. Jacq. Coll. V. 1. p. 153. Ic. liar. v. 1. t. 101. — D. intermedium.? Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. V. 2. p. 243.— D. aipinum. fValdst. et Kit. v. 3. t. 246. Hab. Rocky Mountains, between lat. 52° and 60°. Drummond. — I think the above synonyms may with safety be referred to this species. The plant varies sometimes with white flowers, according to Mr. Drummond. 2. D. simplex ; petiolis basi dilatatis, foliis 3-partitis profunde laciniatis laciniis lineari- bus cauleque pubescentibus, racemo stricto subsimplici, petalis burbatis, calcare limbo longiore recto. — Douglas, MSS. Caulis erectus, S-pedalis et ultra, vix ramosus, pubescens. Folia valde pubescentia, tripartito-multifida, laciniis llnearlbus acutis, follorum snperiorum anguittioribus. Peliolus 2-3 uncios longus, basi dilatatus, membranaceiis, siccitate sulcatus. Racemus longus, strictus, erectus, rnchi pedicellisque velutino-pubescen- tibus. Flores intense cterulei. Sepala extus dorso linea longitudinal! pilosa. Calcar longum, rectum,, subulatum, pubescens, sepalls dupio longius. Hah. On the subalpine range, west of the Rocky Mountains, near the Columbia; plentiful. Douglas.— Allied to D. azureum, Mich., but that has the leaves glabrous, the spikes shorter, and the flowers with a much smaller spur, which is curved upwards. 3. D. Menziesii; petiolis basi vix dilatatis, foliis 5-partitis, lobis trifidis linearibus in- tegris, bracteis 3-fidis, radice grumosa, — De Cand. Syst. Veget. v. 1. p. 355, Prodr. v. I. p. 54. Bot. Reg. t. 1 192.— D. tuberosum. Menz. MSS. Hab. North-West coast of America. Mcnzics. Kotzcbue's Sound. Capt. Bcechey's Collection, Common under the shade of solitary pine trees, at Pugct Sound, the Columbia River, and in California. Douglas. — M. De Candolle well observes how nearly this species approaches to D. pentagynum, a native of the South of Spain and North of Africa ; scarcely differing but in its tuberous roots. To me also it appears to resemble too much the D, tricorne, 13. ACONITUM. Liim. Cal. petaloideus, irregularis, deciduus vel marcescens, sepalo nempe superiore concavo, cassidxfornii. Petala 2 superiora {cuculli, nectaria,) longe unguiculata, apice in saccum expansa, sub galea recondila. — Folia palmatisecta, DC. VOL. I. !! S6 RANUNCULACEiE. [Aela 1. A. Napellut; floribus dense spicatis vel laxc paniculatis, galea semicirculari raro navicular!, sncco cucullorum subconico, calcare brevi crasso incllnato, alia staminum cuspidatis vcl evanescentibus, foliorum lobis cuncntis pinnatisectis, ovariis 3 raro 5 glabris vel pilosis. DC— Linn. Sp. PL p. 731. Seringe, Mua. Helv. 1. p. 162. t 15. /. 41, 42, 60. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 62. i>. delphinitblium. A. delphin^oliiim, «. americanum. De Cand. Syst. Veget. v.\. p. 380. Reichenb. Monogr. Aeon. t. 0. f. 1, 2, 3. lyusd. Illuatr. t. 42. IIau. /3. Sleilga Island, on the Nortli-Wi'st const of Amcriva. Nelson. Menzies. Abont Bchring's Straits, iw far north an lat. 00° 13'. Chnmmo. Capo Mul(;ravo and Kotxebue's 8ouud. Copt. Beixhty's Collection. Moist mountain prairies, in the Itocky Mountains, between lat. A'2° and HIP. Drummoml.—Thu is one of the innumerable varieties mentioned by M. Scringe in De Candolle's Prodromus, and which are li(;ured by Reichenbach as so many distinct species. Our pUnt from the Itocky Mountains is certainly identical with that found by Nelson iu Slodgo Island, and is principally distinguished by the raceme of flowers being more lax and flaccid than in the common states of A. Napellus. A. Chaminsonianum and A. seuwjalcatum of Keichenbach, do not seem to diflfor from this state of the plant, which in some points approaches closely to A. hiflorum of Fischer, iu which, however, the upper part or bog of the nectary or cucullus is very different, beini; lar|;e, rouud, very obtuse, nnd without a spur. 2. A. namtum ; nectariis erectis, calcare arcuato, galea conica prona, rostro demisso, raceniis subpnniculatis, foliorum laciniis latiusculis. Spreng. — Fischer, MSS. Reichenb. lUustr. Ac. t. 9, 10.— A. Cammarum. "Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc. v. 2. p. 15, v. 3. p. 373."— A. Fischeri. Reichenb. Illustr. Ac. t. 22. Had. Near the source of the Wallawallah Itiver, a branch of the Columbia, which rises in the Blue Mountains of North- West America. Douijlas. — The figures above referred to ore very characteristic of Mr. Douglas's plant, especially the A. Fischeri of Keichenbach. This species is found in Kamtschatka, M well as in Siberia and the South of Europe. 14. ACT.£A. Lim. Cat. deciduus, 4-sepalus. Petala 4. Carpella polysperma. 1. A. cimicifuga ; ovariis 4 subsessilibus villosissimis, racemis paniculatis, foliis terna- tim biternatimve sectis, segmentis ovato-lanceoiatis inciso-dentatis, carpellis siccis dehis- centibus. DC — Linn. Anion, v. 2. p. 354. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 64. — Cimicifuga foetida. Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12. p. 659. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 373. Gmel. Sib. v. 4. t. 70. Hab. On the North-West coast of America. Pursh. — I have seen no American specimen of this plant, which is very common in Siberia, where its foetid smell has recommended it, as the name implies, for driving away bugs. 2. A. palmata; ovariis 12-15 in copitulum subrotundum collectis, racemis dichotome subpaniculatis, foliis palmatiiidis, carpellis siccis dehiscentibus. — De Cand. Syst. Veget. v. 1. p. 383, Prodr. v. 1. p. 64. — Cimicifuga palmata. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 316. Pursh, Fl. Am. V. 2. p. 373. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 17. Dot. Mag. t. 1630. Hah. North-West coast of America. Menzies in Herb, nostr. — Stem two or three feet high, with few and distant polmated and serrated leaves, upper ones sessile. Flowers almost corymbose. In habit and iu its simple leaves, very different from the other species of the genus, and Nuttall doubts if it may not prove :i distinct genus. Paonia.] RANUNCULACEiE. 3. A. racetnom ; monogyna, racemis compoiitis longiisimis, carpellis siccis dehiscenti- bu8, foliis bitcriiatis foliolia inciso-scrratis. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 722. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 64.— CimicifugB racemosa. Bart. Phil. v. 2. p. 12. EUicat, Card. v. 2. p. 16.--Ciinici- fuga serpentaria. Pursh, F1. Am. v. 2. p. 372. Had. Canada. Pur^A.— Remarkable for iU tall, erect raceme of white Hower*. Smell diiagreeable. Purtli Mys it ii commonly known by the name of Black Snake-Hoot. 4. A. rubra ; monogyna, racemo simplici hemisphicrico, petalis staminibus brevioribus acutis, pedicellis fructus baccati indehiscentis grncilibus. — Willd. Enutn. p. 560. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 211. — A. brachypetala. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 65. (excl. var. i.) Rich, in Franhl. \st Journ. ed. 2. p. 21. — A. americana, fi. baccis rubris. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 367. — A. spicata, «. rubra. Mich. Am. v. \. p. 308. Mad. Cnnndn : from Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Mountains, us fur north as lat. U0°, in woods. Dr. Todd. Dr. Uichardson. Drummond. — Distinguished by its roundish or almost heniisplmriual head of flowers, short petals, and slender pedicels. " Known by the name of Bed Co-honk, and considered by the natives as a valuable medicine." Pursh, 5. A. alba ; monogyna, racemo simplici oblongo, petalis stamina lequantibus truncatis, pedicellis fructus baccati indehiscentis msigniter incrassatis. — Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 211. — A. brachypetala, ). De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 65. — A. americana, ». baccis niveis. Pursh, Fl. Am. V. 2. p. 366. — A. spicata, fi. alba. Mich. Am. v. I. p. 308. — A. pachypoda. EUiott, Carol. V. 2. p. 15. Hah. Canada. Mich. About Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. — Well distinguished as a species, first by Dr. Bigelow, then by Mr. Elliott, from A. rubra. The pedicels are remarkably thickened, as large as the peduncle. The berries milk-white, tipped with red, smaller than in the last species, about tMeeded, on short red pedicels. Dr. Bigelow justly observes that the foliage of these two is exactly simihur to that of our European A. spicata, \rhh which Michaux confounded them. 1 possess beautiful specimens of both the American species gathered by Dr. Boott near Boston, U. 8. 15. PiEONIA. Linn. Cal. 5-sepalus, foliaceus, inaequalis. Pet. 5-10, suborbiculata. Stam. plurima. Discus carnosus, ovaria cingens. Carpella 2-5, grossa, stigmatibus bilamellatis crassis instructa, in folliculos capsulares conversa. Semina subglobosa, nitida. — Radices fascicidatee ; folia caulina bitematim secta ; flores ampli, albi aut purpurascentes. DC. 1. P. Brownii; herbacea, carpellis 6 glaberrimis erectis, foliis utrinque glabris biter- natis, foliolis ternatim divisis pinnatifidisve laciniatis, luciniis oblongis foliorum inferiorum praecipue obtusis. — Douglas, MSS. Caulis erectus, ramosus, striatus, herbaceus. Folia alterna, sublonge petiolata, bitemata: inferiora, foliolis, circumscriptione, late cuneatis vcl flabclliformibus in petiolo gracili sublongo attenuatis, utrinque glaberrimis, tritidis tripartitisve, segmentis bi-trilidis laciniis nitimis oblongis, obtusis: superiorn sensim minora, foliolis magis angustioribus, piunntitidis, segmeutis magis miiiusvc laciniatis, laciniis omnibus lanceo- latis, acutis, minime attenuatis. Cali/x valdo inivqualis, sepalis ovulibus, exteriorc simillimo sed minore. Corolla (inexpansa) purpureo-rubra, Carpella 5, crccta, glaberrima, oblonga, vix apice recurva. Had. Near the confines of perpetual snow, on the subalpiue range of " Mount Hood," North-West America. 1826. Fl. June, July. D. Douglas. D 8 BERBERIDE^.. [Btrbtrii. Ono. II. MENISPEKMACEiE. Jung. DC. I. MENI8PEKMUM. Linn. Sepala ct Petala online qtmterimrio bi-scu triscriulia. S Slo'H- 16-20. 9 Ovaria 2-4. Drtipo! bnccnta*, subrutuiulo-reiiitoiiiics, l-8pvrnia<. — Fruticcs acandenles. DC. I. M, canadenne ; foliiti Mubpcltiitis glabriusculin cnrdntis obtuse nngulntiii mucronatis, raceniis coiiipositis, petulis 8. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1468. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 2U. I'limh, FL Am. V. 2. p. 370. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 715. Bot. Mag. t. 1910. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 102. IIau. Canada. A/icA.— Variable in the angles of the leaves. Ord. III. BEIlBERlDEyE. Vent. DC. I. UEKBERIS. Linn. Sejmla 6, squnniis 3 cxtiis stipntii. Pclala 6, iiitiis biglnndulosn. Stam. edentula (vel deiitibus 2 iiistructn.) ISacca 3-3-spei-mn. Scmina 2, rtiriuij 3 nd bnsiri latcralitcr in- serta, erectn, oblongn, testa crustiu-ea, albiimine carnoso, cotyledonibus tbliaccisi cllipticis, radicula longa, apice ciipitellata. — Fniticcs /bliis primariis abortivis et in spinam aapitu mutatis, secundariia in axillia Jascicutatia. Klorcs in omnibua flavi. DC. * Jbliis aimplicibus. 1. li. vulgaris ; spinis tripartitis, foliis simplicibus obovatis basi attenuatis ciliato-serratis, racemis multifloris pendulis, pctalis integris, — /,/;/«. Sp. PL p. 472. Engl. Bot. t. 49. De Cand. Prodr. v. I. p. 105. Bigtl. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 128. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 205.— B. canadensis. Mill. — Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 219. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 106. Hab. Canada. Newfoundland. Mr. Morrison.— Ou comparing specimens from Boston, given to mo by Dr. Boott, and others from Newfoundland, gathered by Mr. Morrison, with our European plant, I cannot find the slightest grounds for se|iarating them, even into varieties. The same incorrect idea, too, prevails in the United States as in Europe, respecting the injurious effect of the Barberry upon the wheat which grows in its neighbourhood. * * foliis impari'pinnatis. (Mahonia. Nutt. DC.) 2. B. pinnata ; foliis 3-6-jugis, jiigo iiiferiorc a petioli bast distante, foliolis ovato-lan- ceolatis subdistantibus spinuloso-dentatis uninerviis, racemis crcctis, filainentis bidcntatis. «. foliolis sinuato-dentatis undulatis, deiitibus panels. — B. pinnata. " Lagas. Elench. Hort. Madr. 1803. p. 6." Humb. et Kunth, Nov. Gen. v. 5. t. 434. Dm in Bot. Beg. t 702. — B. fascicularis. Bot. Mag. t. 2396. — Muhonia foscicularis. De Cand. Prodr. v. I. p. 108. De Less. Ic. v. 2. /. 3. fi. foliolis obscure dentatis plants subtus glaucis, dcntlbus numerosis. Hab. m. Nootka. Nelson, p. Junction of the Portage River with the Columbia. Drummond. — This species is probably liable to much variation in its foliage. The plants figured in the Botanical Magazine and Register are considerably different in this respect, and that represented by Humboldt has the leaves with more numerous and shorter teeth than either, hence approaching nearer to my var. /3,, of which the foliage I'i IStrbtri*. LeoHliee.] BBRBERIDEiB. 89 Ovaria 2-4. tnucronatis, I. J'nmft, Fl. Prodr. V. 1. m. edentula ternlitcr in- iis cllipticis, nam sapius ito-scrratis, f. t. 49, De . 203 B. 'en to mo by uit, I cauDot too, prevails vheat which ovato-Ian- idcntatis. s. Elench. >t. Reg. t. "odr. V. 1. anrf.— This ignzino and caves with the foliage :x in a dry state, is of • pais but bright green above, glaucous beneath, and perfectly plane i the teeth flrequently redu(.'«(l to cilin. If I am rreot in referring this to H. pinnata, (and there is but one spsoimeu In flruotilicatioHl ' u the collection,) Its berries are oval, deep blue. Called by Lewis' Company's people, Mout^ tain IMIj/.. 8. i?, A{fU{fblium ; foliis bi-trijugis, jugo infuriore a petiuli basi distnnte, foliolU ovntii approximatis Hpinulosu-dentatis bnsi cordiitis uiiincrviis, ruceiniti erectiN coiit'urtis, filatnentis bideiitutis. — J'ursh, FL Am. v. 1. p. 219. t. 4. — Malioiiia A(|uifoiium. Null, Gen. v. 1. p. 212. De Cand. Prodr. v. \. p. 108 — B. repens. Hot. Reg. t. 1176. Hah. On the Great Kapids of the Columbia River, among rocks in rich vegetablo soil. M. Lewis. Com- mon along the coast of the Paciliu, from lat. 4l)° to 40°, and throughout the open woody parts of the Coluiubiu, from its confluence with the tea to its source among the Mountains in lat. M", long. 118°. Douglan, Meiuies, Scouler. — An elegant shrub, ^0 feet high, and growing most luxuriantly in light sandy soil by the banks of rivers. Berr^ purple, globular, ^-d-seeded; one or two on the raceme generally abortive, and smaller than the others. Nearly allied to tho lust, but with broader, more cordate, more rigid, and more waved leaflets, much more crowded upon the rachis. Both have a single nerve, or mid.rib, with several lateral nerves procoediug diagonally from the sides, and these are united by reticulated veins. 4. B. nervosa; fuliis elongatis 5-6 jiigis, jugo iiiferiore a petiolo distnnte, ibiiolis ovato- ucutninntis reniotis spinoso-deiitntis 3-5 iierviis, rncemis eloiigutiii, filamciitis 2 dcntatis.^ Pumh, Fl. Am. v. \.p.2l9. 1. 5. (excl. fig. florum, quii: ud B. Aquifolium pcrtiiiet.) — Midionia nervosa. Null. — De Cand, Prodr. v. 1. p. 108. — M. glumucea. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 109. Hah. First discovered by Mr. Memies, at the mouth of the Columbia. Fort Vancouver. Scouler. Common in shady pine forests on the coast of the Pacific, having tho samo range, from nortli to south, aa B. Af/iiifulium, but it is not found east of the woody country that skirts tho coast. D. Douglas. — This is well distinguished from both the preceding species by tho 3 or 5 nerves springing nearly parallel with each other from the base of the leaflet, which, moreover, altogether wants the close nctwork-liko voining of the others. The leaves, too, aro much longer, as well as the racemes ; and the flowers much larger. Berries deep blue, Bracteo!, at tho base of the peduncles, several, large, convolute, pungent. I retain tho name of nervosa, in preference to ylumacea, because it is the oldest and most expressive appellation, notwithstanding that Pursh in his plate has Hgurcd tho flowers of B, Aquifolium with the leaves of nervosa, thus leading De Candolle into the mistake of supposing that his B. glumaem was a species distinct from it. Tho genus Mahonia cannot be retained. The teeth of the filaments, which were supposed mainly to characterise it, I have shown to exist equally in B. heterophylla, (see Exotic Flora, I. l+.)j ond tho glands are present on the petals. Even tho simple-leaved species, as thoy are called, have the leaves jointed upon the footstalk, like the leaf of the Orange, and such a leaf, as is well known, is but a pinnated one, reduced to its most simple state. 2. LEONTICE. Linn. Sepala 6, extus nudn. Petala 6, ititus bnsi squninulnm gerentin. Capsula vesicario, 2-4 sperma, Semina in fundo capsuluc inserta, globosn, — Herbae radice tuberosa, foliis varie sectis, calycibus scepe color atis. DC. (Div. Caulophyllum. Mich. — Caps, vix inflata, per maturilatem demum rupta. Se- mina ideo exserta, inlerdum baccata. Folium caidinum unicum, sub racemo situm, peliolo ab ipsa basi 3-partito, ramulis tribus, segmenla 3-5 gerentibus. DC.) 1, L. Ihaliclroides ; folio caulino solitario, petiolo e bnsi fere tripnrtito, segmentis obo- vatis apice grosse incisis acuminatis, — Linn. Sp. PL p. 448. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 1 10. 1 I iili 80 BERTERIDEiG. [Epimedimn. — Caulopbyllum thalictroides. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 205. t 21. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 218. EUiott, Carol, r. 1. p. 411. ' Hab. Throughout Canada. — Whole pUknt turns almost bUick in drying. Berries deep blue, globose, con- tracted below iuto a long stipitate base. These are called by the Indians, according to ^ursb, Co-hosh: and the plant is esteemed medicinal. 3. ACHLY8. Cat. nulla. Cor. nulla. Flores nudi, in spicam densam dispositi. Stam. plurima. AnthercE didymae, globosic, s^ubuniloculares, biiabiato;. Stigma dilatatum, hinc concavum. 1. A. triphyUa. (Tab. X\\.)—De. Cand, Syst. Vcget. v. 2. p. 35, Prodr. v. I. p. 112.— Leontice triphylla. Smith in Ree^ Cycl. Radix pereunis, oblique descendens, subrcpons. Folia duo, trin, tcI phirinia ex endem radice ; omnia radicalia, longissime petiolatn, ternata; foliola magna, lliibvlliformia, sosiiilin, valde inn-qualin, luteribus integerrimis, margine superiore grosso sinuato-dentata, dentibus vol lobis obtusis, membranacea, viiidia, radiato-uervosa, uervis ramosis, venisque minutis, sub lonte \'\m, puldicrrimo rcticulatim connexis. Petiolus sesquipedalis, etiam bipedalis, glaber, nitidus, basi imbricatiin squamosum, squaniis late ovatis, obtusis, mem- branaceis, striatis, fuscis. Scopus folio longior, erectus, gracilis, nitidus*, omnino aphyllus. Spica terrainalis, oylindraceo-filiformis, erecta. Flores ad basin spiiw roraotiorcs, relicpii deusissimo approximati, omnino nudi. Cal. 0. Cor. 0 : neque braclea neque periunthium. Stamina numerosa, hypogyna. Filamenta filiformia, flexuosa, pistillo longiora: Anthera: globose, didynue, loculiti dorso distiuctis, facio supcrna con- p.ectivo nullo, subuniloculare;, in labia H, transversim, a basi sursura dehiscentos, lluvie, labiis bilobis. Pislil- bim: Germen ovatum, glabrum, uniloculare, 1-ovulatum, ovulo globoso, in fundo loculi afllxo, crecto. Stylus nullus. Stigma incrassatum, hinc perforatum vel concavum. Hab. North -West coast of America. Mr. Menzies. In shady pine woods, among moss; common near the shores of the PaciBc, about the mouth of the Columbia. Douglas. Scouler. Furt \^ancouver. (ilfr. Garry.) — What Do Candollc took for petals, in examining this plant, in Sir Junies E. Smith's Herbarium, I presume must have been stamens, from which thu anthers had fallen ; for, after the strictest examination, both of young and more advanced flowers, I can tiud no trace of a tloral covering. Sir James E. Smith sliowed much judgment in referring this plant to Z/«onf tee, from which it scarcely differs in the flowers, except in there being no floral covering. The structure uf the anthers is the same in the two, and hence I have removed it from the Podophylleee of De Cand. to the Berheridew, whose stamens have their anthers opening by means of valves. Jeffersonia, too, placed by De CandoUe in Podophyllca;, has equally the cells of the anthers valvular. Tab. XII. Fig. 1, Single flower; Jig. 2, Back view of a stamen ; Jig. 3, Front view o{f\o.; Jig. 4, Stamen, with the anther bursting; Jig. o. Pistil; Jig. (i, Tiie same, with the germen cut op.:n to show the ovule: — nuxgn\fied, 4. EPIMEDIUM. Linn. Sepala 6-8, extus sensim minora. Petala 4-6, intus appendice discolore aucta. Cap- sula silicula^formis, polysperma. Semina oblique transversim inserta. — Herbie radicibus perennibus, foliis petidatis midtisectis. 1. E. hexandrum ; foliis radicalibus bi-triternatis, folioiis cordatis obtuse quinquelobis subpilosis, floribus hexandris, scapo aphyllo. (Tab. XIII.) — Caulopbyllum gracile. Douglas, MSS. Uadix, ut videtur, subrepens, basi incrassata, squamosa, squamis fuscis. Folia omnia radicalia, longe petiolata, bi-triternata. Foliola sublouge petiolata, cordata, iuuiqualia, terminali solummodo lequali, obtuM I r •* Hydropeltis.] PODOPHYLLE^. 81 tri-quinquoloba, teiiuio, membranacea, pallida viridia, marpine uervigque sub lente pilosa, integerrima, led subsiniioiio-undata, nervosa, ad basin noil raro tri-quinquenervia. Scopus solitarius, vel duo ex eadem radice, subpedulis, ercctus, gracilis, simplex, omnino glaber, apice florifer. Flores in raccmum laxum dispositi, podiccllis bosi minute bractcatis, uni-biuncialibus, recurvibus, simplicibus vel furoatis, uno vel duo, raro tres ex eodem puncto, apice incrassatis clavatis. Calyx: Sepala 8, exteriora parvo, interiora sensim majora; omnia ovalia, concava, pallida, membranacea, tenuissima, ante florescentiam decidua. Petala 6, insigniter retlexa, oblongo^bovatn, apice cucuUata, alba, intus nppendice spatliulata valdo concava, tlava aucta. Slamina 6, recta, petalis oppositis : Filamenta linearia, plana, extus minute glandulosa : Anthera longe mucronatie, loculis lateralibus, valviilis dehiscentibus. Pistillum : Gemien vel ovarium oblongum, glandulosum, glandulis rufis, sti/lo subn>que longo attenuatum: Stirftna capitatum, ad apiccra perforatum, subokliquum. Ovula unilateralia, in duas lineas imbricatas parallelos approximatas oblique inserta. Hab. North-West coast of America. Mr. Menzies. Common in shady pine woods at Fort Vancouver on the Columbia, Pugot Sound, and North California. Douglas. Scouler. — This interesting plant has too long lain undescribed in our Herbaria, having been discovered by Mr. Menzies during the Voyage of Dis- covery of Captain Vancouver. It has again been gathered by Mr. Douglas and Dr. Scouler, and, as for as I know, by no other Botanists. Notwithstanding that the number of the parts of the tlower differs from that of Our Europa!an Epimedium alpinum, yet, in all that is essential as regards genus, there is the most perfect accordance. The appendages, or nectaries, to the petals, are much longer and less inilated. Probably some of the smaller sepals would be considered by De CandoUe as braotew, for he looks upon the two outer ones in Jl. alpinum as such, but they have all the same insertion, and gradually pass from the smaller into the larger size of the innermost ones. Tab. XIII. Fig. 1,1, PLint, nat. size ; Jig. 2, Bud ; fig. 3; Flower ; fig. 4, Stamen ; fig. 5, Pistil ; fig. 6, do. ; fig, 7, The same, with the gcrmen laid open to sirow the ovules ; fig, 8, Ovule : — magnified. Ord. IV. PODOPHYLLEiE. DC. TrIB. I. PODOPHYLLE^ VERiG. DC, 1. PODOPHYLLUM. Linn. Cal. 3-sepalus. Petala 6-9. Stam. 12-18. Ovarium 1, ovatum. Stigma subsessile, peltatuni. Bacca subcarnosa, 1-locularis, indehiscens. Semina plurima, placentae laterali unicae carnosoe latoc adfixa. — Herba perennis, foliis peltalo-lobatis oppositis, floribus soli- tariis albis, habitu Meconopsidis. DC. 1. P. peUatum ; caule erecto bifolio unifloro, fructibus ovatis.— Z,in«. Sp. PI. p. 723. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 309. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 366. Bigel. Fl. Post. erf. 2. p. 215. Elliott, Carol. V. 2. p. 14. Dot. Mag. t. 1819. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. />. 111. Hab. Near Montreal. Mrs. Percival. Mr. Cleghom. Loko Huron. Dr. Todd.— this plant flowers very early in the year, in March and April, and the fruit ripens in May, whence the name of May-apple, given to it by the settlers in North America. The root is medicinal, and employed in lieu of Jalap. Trib. II. Hydropeltide*. DC, 8. HYDROPELTIS. Mich. Cal. 3-4 sepalus. Petda 3-4. Stam. 18-36. Ovaria 6-18. Semina intra pericarpium pendulum, ovato-globosum. — Herba aquatica, undigue gelatina viscosissima lubrica, radici- biti fibrosia humo offfixa. DC. 82 NYMPHiEACE^E. [Xiiphar. 1. H. purpurea.— Mick. Am. v. 1. p. 323. t 29. Bot. Mag. t. 1 147. Bigel. Fl. Boat. erf. 2. p. 222. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 1 12. — Brasenia peltata. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 389. Hab. Lakes and pools of water in Upper Canada. Dr. Richardson. Drummond. — Remarkable for a Tucid gelatine with which the whole plant is covered. Stems long;, terete, branched. Leaves oval, peltate, coriaceous, deeply tingled with purple, as are the stems and flowers. Peduncles solitary, each springing from the side of a petiole.— The younger Richard refers this genus and Cabomba to the Munocotyledones. i 'i Ord. V. NYMPHiEACEiE. DC. 1. NYMPHjEA. Sepala ad basin tori. Petala stamviaque cum toro carpella tcgente longe adnata, et bacca ideo quasi semi-infera cicatrisata. — Fiores ampli, albi, rosei, rubri aut ccenilei, 7iun- quam lutei. DC. 1. N. odorata ; foliis cordatis integerrimis subtus nervis venisque prominentibus, stig- mate 16-20 radiato, radiis erectis apice inflexis. DC. — Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 2. p. 227. Bot. Mag. t. 819. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 369. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 218. Elliott, Carol. V. 2. p. 7. De Cand. Prodr. v. !./>. 116. — N. alba. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 311. Hab. Pools and sluggish streams, Canada. Abundant about Quebec. Upper Canada. Dr. Richardson. Drummond. Newfoundland. Mr. Morrison. — As beautiful and as frequent in N. America as our N. alba is in Europe. It varies much in the size of its flowers, and I fear the following, though made a species by De Candolle, is only a variety of it. 2. N. minor; foliis cordatis integerrimis, subtus nervis venisque prominentibus, pcdun- culis petiolisque pilosiusculis. — De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 116. — N. odorata, /3. Pursh, fl. Am. V. 2. p. 369. Bot. Mag. t. 1652. Had. Canada. Pursh. 2. NUPHAR. Sepala, petala staminaque ad basin tori inserta ct ideo bacca quasi supera losvis. — HerbiE aquaticce ; flores lutei. DC. 1. N. lutea; cnlyce 5-sepalo, stigmate integro 16-20 radiato profunde umbilicnto, foliis ovali-cordatis, lobis approximatis, petiolis triquetris acutangulis. DC. — Smith, Prodr. Fl. Greec. ». 1. ;>. 381. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 369. De Cand. Prodr. v. \. p. 116. Rich, in Frankl. 1st Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 21. Hab. Found during the first Journey of Capt, Sir J. Fran/din, in the wooded country, between lat. 54° and 64". Dr. Richardson. 2. N.Kalmiana; calyce 5-sepalo, stigmate dentnto 8-10 radiato, foliis cordatis, lobis approximatis, petiolis subteretibus. — Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. v. 3. p. 295. Pursh, Fl. Am. V. 2. p. 369. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 217.— N. Kalmiana. Sims in Bot. Mag. t. 1243 — N. lutea, /3. Kalmiana. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 311. Hab. Lakes and ponds throughout Canada. Newfoundland. Mr. Morrison. — Whether or not this species is really distinct from the N. pumila of Europe, I cannot say. The difference, if any be constant, exists in [AupAar. Fl. Boat ed. 2. p. 389. narkable for a '« oval, peltate, each i>pring^iDg icotykdonea. Sarracenia.] SARRACENIEiE. ! adnata, et Trulei, nun- itibus, stig- '. 2. p. 227. 'liott, Carol. . Richardson. >ur N. alba is e a species by us, pcdun- Fursh, Fl. . — HerbiE cnto, foliis Prodr. Fl. Rich, in sen lat 54" ttis, lobis , Fl. Am. 1243 his species , exists in the stiftma, which, besides being deeper oat in JV. Kalmiana at the margins, has fewer rays, and these rays «re green upon a brown ground. 1 have represented the pistil of both species in the plate of N. pumila, in Flora Londinensis, New Series. 3. N. advena ; calyce 6-sepalo, petalis plurimis staminibus brevioribus, pericarpio sul- cato, foliis erectis cordatis. — Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. v. 3. p. 295. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 369. Be Cand. Prodr. v. I. p. 116. Bigel. FL Bast. ed. 2. p. 216. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 8. — Nymphffia advena. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 2. p. 226. Mich. Am. v. 1. />. 311. Hab. Throughout Canada, and as far north as English River, lat 55° to 56°. Dr. Richardson. In lakes and still pools. — Dr. Graham and myself have long observed that the N. advena, as cultivated in our . gardens, has the leaves sometimes floating, sometimes rising above the water. This circumstance depends probably on the vigour of the foliage. Professor liigelow says, that in northern latitudes, whore the roots can only exist in deep water, the leaves float; in southern, where they can live in shallow water, the leaves are always erect Ord. VI. SARRACENIE^. DelaPylaie. Char. Ord. CaJ. 5-sepalus, persistens; sepalis basi concavis, extus involucre triphyilo etiam persistente stipatus. Cor. pentapetala; petalis basi contractis, unguiculatis. Stamina numerosa, hypogyna, arete posita, compacta. Filamenta breviuscula: Antherce dorso affixee, oblongae, biloculares, facie superiure e basi sursuni vix ad apicem dehiscentes. Pistillum umcvim, sessile: Gernien magnum, globosum, longitudinaliter 5-sulcatum: Stylus columnaris: Stigma maximum, convexum, foliaceum, peltatum, 5-angulatuni. Capsula globosa, stylo stigmateque persistente coronata, quinqueloba, quinqueloculuris, polysperma, quinquevalvis, valvis loculicidis. Iteceptactda 5, sin- gulum in singulo loculo, ex axi centrali progrediens: semina numerosissima tecta. Semina parva, minute tuberculata. Albumen copiosunu Embryo ad basin seminis versus, cylindracpjs. Radicula ad hilum spectans. • Herba paludosa. lladix fibrosa. Fulia omnia radicalia, tubulosa, ad apicem ap- pendictdata, appendice subcassidifortni. Scapus uniflorus. Flos magnus, nutans, viridis, flavus, vel atropurpttreus. 1. SARRACENIA. Linn. Character eadem ac Ordinis. 1. S. purpurea; foliis ascendentibus sursum arcuatis, tubo inflato gibbo, aia latissinia, appendice lato-cordata erecta. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 728. Mich. Am. v. I. p. 340. Pursh, Fl. Am. V. 2. p. 367. Sims in Bot. Mag. t. 849. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 213. Elliott, Carol. V. 2. p. 10. De la Pylaie in Ann. de la Soc. Linn. v. 6. p. 388. t. 13. Hab. Swampy places about Quebec. Mrs. Percival. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. Probably common throughout Canada, and as far north as Bear Lake. Dr. Richardson. Drummond, Newfoundland. Mr. Morrison. M. de la Pylaie. Mr. Comiach. — This curious phkut is tcu well known, even in the gardens of this country, to need any specific description here. But no one, tliat I am aware of, has ventured upon referring the genus to its place in the Natural method, except M. de la Pylaie, in the volume of the Actes de la Soc. Linncenne, of Paris, above quoted. It had often been suggested that its nearest allies were the NymphceaceoB and the Papaveraceai, in which opinion I quite accord; and hence I have placed the VOL. I. E 84 PAPAVERACE.T!, [Strngtmuria. Uii [|i: oHer betwem tiM two, hoa both of which, howvvnr, it ■■ sepanted by very ttrilciiig marln of diitinetion. The RtraotoN of the whole dower ii indeed meet ungular, br.t no part of it m> much to aa the great peltate foliaceous Rtigma. In the present species I have examined the seeds with mnoh attention : they are OTate, pale reddish brown, minutely tuberculated, having a sharp keel on their under side, inserted by their nar- rowest point, upon a Urge club^haped, or, rather, an oblong and stipitate receptacle, which stands ont from the ceiitral column or axis, into the middle of each cell. The albumen is waxy, but granulated. At its base, near tiie hilum, abd with its radicle pointing to the hilom, is a small entirely immersed Embryo, oylindrioal, cleft at one extremity into two cotyUdms, notwithstanding that De la Pylaie did not perceive them. The valves of the capsule open from above, between the cells, whoM dissepiments are attached to the centre of each valve and separate from the central axis or column. ImI Ord. VII. PAPAVERACEiE. Jusa. 1. PAPAVER. Liim. Sepala 2, convexa, decidua. Petala 4. Stam. plurima. Stylus 0. Stigmata 4-20, radiantia, sessilia, super discum ovarium coronantem. Capstda obo. formosa, I believe the difference in the stigma will be found constant Corydalis canadensis, which has the flowers white, I am now inclined to consider as a variety of tbis plant, with the segments of the leaves vety narrow. 4. D. tenu\fblia; calcaribus 2 brevissimis obtusis, scapo nudo uni-trifloro, pedicellis calyce brevioribus, foliis multifidis, lobulis linearibus. — De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 126. De Leaa. Ic. v. 2. t. 9. / b. — Corydalis tenuifolia. Ptarah, It. Am, v. 2. p. 402. Hab. On the North-West coast of America. Pursk. — ^A small plant, with proportionably very huge flowers. May not Pursh be mistaken in considering this an American species ? He describes it from Pallid' phut in the Lambertian Herbarium; and Pallas' plant, according to De CandoUe and De Letsert, is from Kamtschatka. E 8 86 FUMARIACE^. [Corydalit. 5. D, lachenaliafolia ; calcaribus 2 brevissiinis obtusissimis, scapo nudo 3-4> floro, pedicellis calyce longioribus, foliis inultifidis, lubis linearibus acutissiinis. — De Cand. Prodr. i\ I. p. 126. Cham, et Schkcht. in Lintuea. — Fumaria peregrina. ^'■Rudolph, in Mini, de I' Acad, de Petersh. v. 1. p. 379. t. 19." — F. tenuifolia. «' Ledebour, in Mtin. de I'Acad. de Petersh. 5. 1815. p. 550. n. 37."— F. cucullaria. « Pall in Herb. IVilld." Has. Islands olf the extreme North-West coast of America, in Behring's Straits. Pallas, (v. Liiuuea, v. 1. p. 557.) — I have seen no specimens of this plant, nor have I an opportunity of consulting the figure of Rudoljihi, in the Transactions of the Academy of St. Petersburgh. It appears to ine that this and X>. tenui- folia are perhaps too nearly allied to 1). fonnosa or D. eximia. 8. ADLUMIA. Jiqfin. Petala 4, in coroUani monopetalain basi bigibbosain fungosam persistentem coalita. Siliqua bivnlvis, polysperma. — Herba glatica, etjxtioKs cirrliosis scandens. DC. ■ 1. A. drrhom. — Itajin. in Desv. Joum. Dot. 1809. />. 169. De Cand. Prodr. v. I. p. 126. — Corydalis fungosa. FetU. Choix, t. 19. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 463. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 263. — Fumaria fungosa. fVilld. — F. recta. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 51. Had. On the borders of Canada. Mich. In beech woods. Pursh. 3. C0RYDALI8. DC. Petala 4, unicum basi calcaratum. Capsida bivalvis, compressa, polysperma. — HerbiB glabra, sape glauca. DC. * Iladice tuberosa vel sublignosa, caule simplici, foliis caulinis paucis attemis. 1. C. Scouleri ; folio subsoiiturio racenio subsimplici longiore tri-quadripinnato, foliolis oblique ovalibus oblongisve decurrentibus integris lobatisque, bracteis oblongis pedicello longioribus. (Tab. XIII.) — C. pffionioilolia. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 128.? (imel. Sib. V. i.t.33.? Radix rrassa, sublignosa, tortuosa, coUo squamoso. Folia perpauca, 1 vel pluria radicalia, 1 vel 2 caulina. Folium caulinum inferius maximum, pednle, .'i ct nou raro 4-piunatum, ubiquc glabrura, siccitate nigricans : Pirmis primariis in rachi communi ;:^cili reraotis, secundariis etiam distantibus, ultimis vel pinnulis magis approximatis, oblique ovulibus, tenuibus, membranaceis, subtus glaucis, obtusis, basi angustatis decurrentibus, integris, vel itcnim magis minusve lobatis iMurtitisve, lobiti inteirerrirais. Folium radicale et caulinum superius magis simplicia, multoties minora. Flores |iendcutes, rosei, uiiviam ad sesqiiiunciam longi, in racemum loxum termiiialem folio breviorcm, dispositi. BracUa parvie, oblongii*, glabra*, pedicello longiores. Pedicellus brevissimus, demum post anthenin insigniter dccurvus. Cal. 3-sepalu8, sepalis parvis, ovatis, appressis, mem- branaceis. Calcar longe attenuatum, petalis duplo longius, rectum, apice obtusum. Petalum superius acuturo, apice rccurvuro, inferius versus basin subtus gibbosum, apice subtus acute carinatum. Petala lateralia ovalia, concava, unguiculata, dorso c^u-inutii, apice subapiculata, ct ibi cohierentia. Stam.: Filamenta 2, basi dilatata, apice anthcras tres gcrentia. Germcn oblongum ; stylus tiliformis, germine brevior ; ttigma cipitatum ; capi- tulo apiculato. Capsula immatura deflexu. Semina lateralia, in duas series disposita. Had. In dark shady woods of North -West America; plentiful near the confluence of the Columbia with the sea. Scouler. Douglas. — This fine species of Corydalis has much aflinity with C. paoniaj'olia, Gmel. 8ih. t. .'<.*}, (a native of Siberia, but, according to Chamisso, extending its range to the borders of America,) especially in its large woody root, in the general appearance of the flowers, and in the obliquely oval leaflets. But in that species the leaves are much less compound, their alternate divisions larger, the raceme is more compound, and, above all, the pedicels are greatly longer than in our phtnt, both in a state of flowe." and fruit. "»,: )rydalii. JVoHan'x] CRUCIFER^. w floro, Cand. * Mem. I'Acad. iimtea, v. figure of U. tetiui' coalita. p. 126. 1^ erf. 2. -HeibjB foliolis edicello mel. Sib. 2 caulina. ligricans : ilis magis rrentibus, 1 superius um loxum Ptdkellus vm, mem- 18 acutuiu, jia ovalia, li dilatata, um; capi- mbia with lia, Omel. America,) ral leaflets, ne is more and fruit. m Tab. XIII. Fig. 1, Flower; Jig. 2, Inner and lateral petals; fig. 3, Stamens and pistil; fig. 4., Young fruit : — magnified. 2. C. pauciflora ; caule simplici exsquamato, foliis caulinis 2-3 infra medium biternatim sectis, segmentis tripartitis, lobis obuvatis, bracteis ovatis acutis, racemo conferto pauci- floro. — Pers. Syn. v. 2. p. 269. De Cand. Prodr. v. ].p, 127. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linncea, V. 1. p. 560. De Less. Ic. v. 2. t. 9. f. a. — Fumarla pauciflora. Steph. in fVilld. Sp, PL v, 3. p. 861. — F. altaica. " Ijcdeb. in Mem. de I' Acad, de Petersb. v. 5. p. 561." Had. Island of St. Lawrence, in Behring's Straits. Chamisso. * * lladice fibrosa, caule ramoso, fi)liis caulinis plurimis altemis. DC. 3. C. aurea; caule difluso, foliis bipinnatis glaucis, pinnulis pinnatifidis incisisque, seg- mentis oblongis acutis, bracteis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis subinciso-denticulatis pedi- cello longioribus, siliquis teretibus torulosis. — WiUd. Enum. p. 740. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 463. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 178. — Fumaria aurea. Curt, in Bot. Mag. t. 66. Had. Throughout Canada to lat. W, {Dr. Richardson ;) in the woody country; extending as far as the Rocky Mountains. Drummond, 4. C. glauea ; caule erecto, foliis bipiimatis glaucis, pinnulis subpinnatifidis, segmentis cuneatis incisis, bracteis oblongis acutis pedicello brevioribus, siliquis linearibus planis vix torulosis. — Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 403. De Cand. Prodr. v. I. p. 128. Bigel. Fl. Bost. erf. 2. p. 262. — Fumaria glauea. Curt, in Bot. Mag. t. 179. — F. sempervirens. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 984. Has. Throughout Canada, as far as lat. 64°. Dr. Richardson. 4. FUMARIA. Linn. Petalum unicum basi gibbum aut calcaratum. Caryopsis indehiscens, 1-sperma, stylo post anthesin deciduo, mutica. DC. 1. F. officinalis; sepalis ovato-lanceolatis acutis acute dentatis capsulse globosce retusce vel subcordatte vix longitudine, bracteis pedicello fructifero bis terve brevioribus. — Arnott, MSS. /3. diffusa vel scandens, foHorum segmentis latis glaucis. Arnott. — F. media. De Cand. Prodr. r. 1. p. 130.— F. officinalis.? Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 463. Had. i3, Canada, near (juebec. ilfrf. Perci'fa/. Newfoundland. Mr, Morrison. — This variety is often taken for the F. capreolata, from which I believe it is really distinct ; and I quite agree with my friend Mr. Arnott in uniting it with F, officinalis, of which it seems a luxuriant variety. Ord. IX. CRUCIFERiE. Juss. Subcvd. I. Pleurorhize^ (o=)- Cotyledones plana, accumbentes. Radicula lateralis. Semina compressa. DC. Trib. I. Arabide£; seu PleuroAjzeoe Siliquoste. Siliqua dehiscens, septo lineari seminibus plus minus latiore. Semina ovalia, compressa, seepe marginata. Coty- ledones plana:, accumbentes, septo parallelce. DC. ORUCIFBIUS. [IfaHHrtmrn. 1. CHEIRANTHU8. Br. Siliqua teres aut compressa. Stifftna bilobutn aut capitatum. CaL basi bisaccatus. Semma 1-serialia, ovata, compressa (0=). DC. * Fhribua fltmia. 1. C. capitatua ; subasper, foliis lineari-lanceolatU magis niinusve dentatis vel integris basi longe attenuatis cauleque pube bipartite arctissime appressa strigosis, floribus (ma- jusculis) dense corytnbosis, " siliquis pedicello triple longioribus." — Douglas^ MSS.— C. asper. ScMecht. et Cham, in Linnaa, v. 1. />. 14. Badix, ut videtar, annuus. Con/i* basi asoendem et ranornu, denmm erectua, pedalis et nkra, acute angula- tus, taotu anbaoaber, pube bipartita luboanesoeBs. Folia renotiuacuK 3-5-pollicaria, patentia, lineariJanceo- btta, magis minusve deutata vel integerrima, basi in petiolam longe attenuato, pube bipartita, arctissime ap> pressa, strigosa: suprema magu angusta, miuus basi attenuata. Floret migusculi, iu capitulum duas uncias latum dense rscemori, flavi. Pedicelli 5-6 lineas longi, appresse pilosi. Catyx etiam simili modo pilosus, sepalis linearibns, 2 baai saocatis. Petala limbo ovato, ungue sepalis longiore. Oermcn lineare, rectum. Slyhu oraasittsculus, lineam longus. Stij/ma mediocre, oapitataiB, bilobum, lobis rotaadatis. /SUiqiut nostris ex- amplaribus absunt: sed, Chamusonis fide, " 15 circiter lin. longw, lineam bitie^ oompressn; plurimis onJis abortu baud perfectis, pauca modo aderant semiua in quoque loculo ; valvuls medio nerro extus prominente a basi ad apioem sunt notato. Stj/ku siliquam tenuinans, brevis, m semilineares, oraasus, stigmate oapitato, indistincte bilob*. Semem Uneam loagum, oompressum ; cotj/Udomet accumbentea." Has. Common on rocky places of the Columbia, near tbe sea; and at Puget Sound. Dou^fiM. Chamiuo found it on the coast of California. — I regret that I do not possess the frnit of this plant; but there can be no question of the accuracy of Chamisso and Schlechtendal, who assure us that the cotyledons are aocumbeiU, It must therefore be separated from Erysinmm, with the species of which, and especially with E. lanceolatum, as is well observed, it bears a very close affinity. It is quite a different plant from the Erysimum asperum, De Cand., the Cheiranthus agper of Nuttall, and which is also supposed to be the Erysimum lanceolatum of Pursh; but I know not upon what authority. I am indebted for specimens to M. de Chamisso, which agree in every respect with those from Mr. Douglas : both are remarkable for the great attenuation of the base of the leaves. It has been found by no other of our North American trarellers : but is now cultivated in the gardens of the Horticultural Society, from seeds sent by Sir, Douglas finm the Columbia. * * FlorUnu pnrpwreis. 2. C. ? Pallasii ; foliis lanceolato-linearibus attenuatis repando-dentatis glabriusculis, caale siraplici erecto tereti. DC, — Pursh, It Am. v. 2. p. 136. De Cand Prodr. v. 1. p. 136. Hab. On tlw N«rdi-West coast of America. PaUm m Herb. Lambert, {ex Pursh.) — " Flowers dark red, tke sise of Ckei/reattkui Ckeiri" Pttnh. " Flores fere JUathioliB meatus. Siliqua teretiuscuk, stigmate parvo subcapitato." DC. — This seems to agree in some particulars witli Cheiranthut pygmaui, DC, which has incunAent cotyledons, and is therefore removed to the Notorhizks. 2. NASTURTIUM. Br. Siliqua teretiuscula, abbreviate aut declinata. Stigma subbilobutn. Calyx basi aequalis, patens. Semina parva, irregulariter biserialia, immargioata (o=). DC. Sect. I. Cardahinum. Pet. alba, calyce mqjora, Siliqua UretimcuhB. GlandukB 4 ad basin itamimim. Semina reticulatfhrugosa, oatyled, oMique inotmtoitifrtw. {Andrz. in litt.) An genus proprium.? DC. ' ■(•:■• Bcofbuna,'] CRUCIFEILE. 1. N. officinale ; foliis pinnatis, pinnis suboordatis repandu, superioribua pinnatifidis, segmentis angustis. — Br. in Hart. Kew. ed. 2. v. 4. p. 1 10. De Ctmd. Prodr. v. I. p. 187. Cham, et ScUecht. in Linmsa, v. 1. p. 15. — Sisymbrium Nasturtium. Linn. Sp. PL p. 916. Engl. BoL t. 855. Ptirah, FL Am. v. 2. p. 440. Elliott, CaroL v. 2. p. 145. Hab. bland of St. Paul, on the North-Weit coMt of America. Chammo. Common on the North-West coast, about the mouth of the C!oIumbia. Douglas. Scouler. 2. N. palustre ; foliis pinnatilobatis auriculis amplexicaulibus ciliatis, lobis confluentibus dentatis glabris, radice fusiform!, petalis calycem tcquantibus siliquis utrinque obtusis sub- turgidis. — De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 137. Rich, in Franhl. lit Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 25. — N. terrestre. Br. in Hort. Kew. ed, 2. v. 4. p. 110. — Sisymbrium temsstre. EngL BoL t. 1747. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 2, p. 441. EUiott, Carol, v. 2. p. 145. Hab. Throughout Canada, and to the shore* of the Arctic Sea, by the tides of streams, and in inundated places, North-West coast of America. Dr. Richardson. Drummond. De Fucas' Straits and Nootka Sound. Scouler. Bay of Eschscholtz. Chamisso. 3. N. amphibium ; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis lyrsto-pinnatifidis serratisve, radice fibrosa, petalis calyce majoribus, siliculis ellipsoideis stylo mucronatis.— £r. tn Hort Kew. ed. 2. V. 4. p.- 110. DeCand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 138. — Sisymbrium amphibium. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 917. Engl. Bot. t. 1840. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 440. BigeL Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 258. Elliott, Carol. V. 2. p. 146. Hab. In watery places; Canada. About Montreal il&. Clegkom. Lake Hnroo. Dr. Todd. 4. N. natana; foliis emersis lanceolatis integris serratis, immersis bi-tripinnatifidis laciniis capillaceis, siliculis obovato-globosis, styli longitudine. — De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 139. De Leaa. Ic. v. 2. t. 15. — Myagrum natans. " Patr. Herb." — Cochlearia natans. Ledeb. in litt. Hab. In water; Canada. About Montreal Cleghom, GoUie. Dr. Hobrnts. {ex Herb. GfreniUe.)— Re- markable for its long submerged stems, bearing leaves of which the lower ones are as finely divided as those of Ranunculus aquatilis : the middle leaves are often pinnatifid, with narrow and more or less divided, or deeply serrated segments : the entirely emerged leaves are lanceokte, undivided, serrated. Pouches rather obovate than ellipsoid, with a slender style equal to them in length. Flowers very pale yellow, almost white. This has been cultivated in the Aquarium of the Edinburgh Botanic Churden by Dr. Graham. 3. BARBAREA. Br. Siliqua tetragono-anceps, valvis apice muticis, concavo-carinatis. Calyx basi aequalis. DC. 1. B. vulgaris; foliis inferioribus lyratis, lobo terminal! subrotundo, superioribus ob- ovatis dentatis pinnatifidisve, siliqua tetragona lineari stylo acuminata. — Br. in Hort. Kew. ed. 2. V. 4. p. 109. De Cand. Prodr. «.!./>. 140. Cham. et. Schlecht. in Linnaa, v. 1. p. 16.— Erysimum Barbarea. Linn Sp. PL p. 922. EngL BoL L 443. Hab. Island of Unalasohka. CAomufo. Mouth of the Columbia. Doh^&m. •Stoufer. — The upper leave* are liable to vary; and the best character between this and the following species is to be found in the pods, which here are scarcely more than inch long, tetragonal, tapering into a slender style about two inches long. 2. B. pratcox ; foliis inferioribus lyratis, lobo terminali obovato, superioribus pinnati- fidis, lobis lineari-oblongis, siliqua lineari-elongata compressa ancipiti, stylo perbrevi in- crassato. — Br. in Hort. Kew. ed. 2. «. 4. p. 109. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 140. lUch. in J0 40 CRUCIFERiE. [ Turritia. Frankl. \st Joum. erf. 2. App. p. 25. Cham, et Schkcht. in Linnaa, v. 1. p. 15. — Erysi- mum pra'cux. Engl. Dot. t. 1 129. Hab. Bankfi of rivon ; abundant from Canada to lat. U8°. Drummund. Dr. Hkhardson.—Poda 'i-A inchci long, linear, compressed, with a dorsal nerve to the valve. Stiiima short, nearly as broad as the valve. 4. TURRITIS. Lim. Siliqua linearis ; valvis plaiiis. Semina in (iuo(iue loculo biserialia. — Florcs albuli vel purpureo-rosei. 1. T. glabra; erecta, foliis rndicallbus petiolatis dentatis pilis ramosis pubcscentibus, superioribus latu-lanceolatis sagittatis giabris scniianiplcxlcaulibus ghuicis, siliquis anguste linearibus erectis strictis, petalis vix calycc iongioribus. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 930. Engl. Hot. t. 777. De Cand. Prodr. v.\. p. 142. Uich. in Frnnkl. l.rt Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 26. ILui. Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Mountains, and us far nortli us lat. 04'°. Dr. llkhardmn. Drumiiwitd.-- Tw'o or three feet high, often much branched. Liavis 4-U inches long, broadly lanceoluto, with two blunt points at the base pointing downwards ; hence they are sagittate, entirely glabrous, and mostly quite entire. Flowers small, pale sulphur-colour. Pudu 4 inches long, very slender. Style short, stigma two-lobod, seeds in two series. 2. T. mollis; erecta, foliis inferioribus spatlmlutis siiiuato-dentutis, supcrioribus lanceo- lato-sagittatis intcgerriniis, omnibus caule erecto ranioso pcdicellisque pilis numerosis patentibus moUiter liirsutis, siliquis lineari-clongatis erectis strictis. Radix aimua, subfusiformio, ramosa. Caulis erectus, supeme niniulos plurinios proferens, molliter hirsutus. Folia radicalia patentia, spathulata, petiolata, obtusa, grosse siuuato-dentata : cauliiia knceolato-saglttata, basi semiamplexicaulia, obtusa, integerrima, pubesceuti-hirsutn, pilis ruraosi* stellatistjue. Fluren aibi, dense capitato-corymbosi. I'edicelli fructus longiusculi, pilosi, pilis patentibus, C(di/x ctium pilosus, PeUda cuueata, culyce subdupio longiorn, Silitpiie, vix niatune, anguste lincuros, unciani et ultra longie, rectu; vel leviter curvatw, Slytus perbrevis, ungustatus, Sliyma minutum, obso>.to-iuifj1ttata, 1 aibi, vg, Hiid the n, brauuhes, Sea. It is I the leaves '>, cnulinis is erectis ta?, glubnp. et petiolis, in, obscure Vancouver iagittatis Arabit.] CRUCIFERiE. 41 1 I Bcmi-ainplexicaulibus glabris subdcntatis, floribus siliquisque linearibus elongatis paten- tissimis. — Graham in Edin. New Phil. Journ. July, 1829. p. 7. {not Ehrh. nor WiUd.) ». foliis radicalibus parce pubesccntibus. /3. foliis rndicalibus pubescenti-incanis subintegris. Facies T. stricta ; difTert insigniter, etiam in cultu, floribus siliquisque patentissimis. Ftorea majusculi, pulcherrime purpureo-rosei. Har^ «. From Canada to lat. 06°, and from Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Mountains. Dr. Richardson. Dnunnumd; and even to Fort Vancouver on the Columbia. Douglas. Scouler, /3. Highest summits of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. — Pods long, curved. Professor Hornemann has sent me the var. 0. from Greenland. i 5. T. retrqfracta; erecta, incano-pubescens vel glaber, foliis lanceolntis, radicalibus petiolatis dentatis, caulinis sagittatis seml-amplcxicaulibus glabris subdentatis, floribus cernuis, siliquis linearibus elongatis pedicellisque retrofractis. — Arabis retrofracta. Graham in Edin, New Phil. Journ. July, 1829. p. 1. Hab. Hudson's Bay to tho Rocky Mountains; and from Canada to lat. 68°; at the Mackenzie River. Dr. Richardson. Drummond. — This is at once distinguinhuble from the two preceding species, which are its near allies, by the deflexed flowers, (which are mostly pure white, or with a fuint purplish tinge,) and by the rotrofracted pedicels and pods. The seeds are in two rows, or series, in a young state, and are then quite pendent; afterwards, by their enUrgement, they lie more horizontally in the cell, and form but one series, as Dr. Graham remarks : but it would be better to abolish one of the two genera, than, by putting this into Arabis, to separate it from T. stricta and T. patula, with which it is so closely and so naturally allied. 6. T. ? diffusa ; glaberrima, glauca, caulibus ramosis diflusis, foliis radicalibus spathu- latis subintegris, caulinis sagittatis vix dentatis, siliquis linearibus patentibus pedicello duplo longioribus. Radix parva, subfusiformis, ut videtur, annua. Caulea plurimi ex eadem radice, diffusi, glabri, ramosi, fliibspithanuGi. Folia radicalia pluriraa, in rosulam expansa, parva, spathulata, subintegerrima, petiolo Ion- giusculo : caulina majora, subunciam longa, oblonga vel lanceolata, basi dilatata, sogittata, apice obtusa, mar- giue integerrima, yel, hie illio, dente iustructa, glaberrima, glauco-viridia. Flores parvi. Calyx glaber, sepalis ovalibus, lequalibus, pedicello glaberrimo triplo brevioribus. Petala calyce dimidio longiora, alba, obovata, unguiculata. Siliqua vix unciam longie, patentes, liueaves, obtuste, stigmate parvo subsessili ter- minatie, nondum matune semina seu ovnla in duas liueas disposita, exhibentes. Hah. Shores of the Arctic Sea. Dr. Richardson. — This may probably prove an Arabis : but in the scarcely mature seed-vessels two rows of ovules arc evident, which, however, moy, as in T. retrofracta, when ripe, arrange themselves in one series. But whether an Arabis or a Turritis, I know of no species with which it can be confounded. It is probably scarce, as few specimens exist in the collection, and those only in Dr. Richardson's portion of it. b. ARABIS. Linn. Siliqua linearis; valvis planis medio uninerviis. Semina in quoque loculo l-seralin, ovalia aut orbicularia, compressa. Cotyledones plansc. (o=.) Flores albi, aut rarius rosei. DC. * Semina immarginata, seu parva ala membranacea cincta. DC. I. A. alpina; subdiflusa, ramosn, foliis pluri-dentatis pube ramosa villosis lanceo- latis acutis, radicalibus subpetiolatis, caulinis cordato-amplexicaulibus, pedicellis calyce VOL. I. F « CRUCIFERiC. [Arabi*. glabriusculo longioribus. — Linn. Sp. PI, p. 928. Curt, in Dot. Mng, t. 826. Purih, Fl. Am. r. 2. p. 427. Ih Cand. Prodr. v. \. p. 142. Hao. In Labrador. Colnuiiter. Mr. Aforriton. — Thii plant, m abundant on the louthem Kuropmua Alpi, I believe );roivi no where elio in America tlian in the above-mentioned habitat I have ii|ieoiineni from Greenland, given me by I'rofeMor llornemanu, 2. A. hiratUa ; erectu, foliis ilcntatis (fere omnibus) pubc rnmosa hirsutis, radicalibui ovato-oblongis petiolatis, caulinis ovniibus lanceulatu-iuigittntiiivf, siliquis numorosis ercctis strictis. — Scop. Cam. ed. 2. n. 835. De Cand. Ihxtdr. v. \. p. 144. Cham, et Schkcht. in Limuta, v. \. p. 15.— Turritis hirsuta. Z,inn. Sp. PI p. 930. Engl. Hot. t. 587 — T. ovata. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 438. — T. sogittatn. Jiich. in Franhl. \st Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 26. De Cand. Prodr. v.\. p. 143.? cs|iccially var. y. ovata. Hab. Iibind of Unabuchka. Chamitto. From Hudnon'i Bay to the Rocky Mountains, and at the Colum- bia River, on the North -Weit coast; and from Canada to \at, 08°. Dr. Richardton. Drummimd. Douglax, Scouler. — This pbint varieH much in its stem-leaves, which are more or less oval and oblong, elliptical or lanceolate, or sagittate, pubescent or quite glabrous. It is remarkable for its numerous, erect, shining, very strait pong, linear, plane, tapering at the extremity into a very short style. 7. A. canadensis ; erecta, glabra, foliis lanceolatis remote dentato-serratis sessilibus, siliquia linearibus falcatis pendulis, seminibus lato-alatis. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 029. De Cand. Prodr. V. 1. p. 147. EUiotl, Card. v. 8. p. 148.— A. falcata. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 31. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 437. Hah, Canada. Michawt.—\a sixe, in habit, and in the general form of its pods, resembling our Europaau ArabU Turrita. 1-2 feet high. Seeds with a broad wing. This differs from A. pendula of Linn, and De CandoUe in wanting the auricles at the base of tho leaves, and in the smooth not hispid stem. 6. MACROPODIUM. hr. Siliqua linearis, pedicellata, valvis plants medio uninerviis. Semina orbiculata, com- presso-plana, ala brevissima cincta. (o=.) DC. 1. M. laciniata; foliis omnibus petiolatis laciniato-pinnatifidis, floribus pedicellatis, petalis augustis linearibus. — Hook, in Hot. Misc. v. 1. p. 341. t. 68. Annua. Caulin herbaceus, erectus, ramosns, glaber, 8-3-pedalig et ultra. Kami altemi, erecto-patentos. Folia radicalia, eeque ac caulina, digitalia, oblongo-huceolata, acuta, glabra, basi in petiolum lougum graci- lem decurrentia, sinuato-dentata pinnatiiidaque, lociniis patentibus, linearibus, integerrimis vul subdentatig : gumma subintegra. Hacemus torminalis, elongatus, erectus, strictus, dense multiflorus. Pe.dkelli horizontales, a lineos lungi, glabri. Calyx: sepala 4, oblonga, basi htta, erecta, membranacea, pallida. Petala 4, calyuo triplo loDgiora, patentia, linearia, alba. Stamina 6, i porum breviora, calyce diiplo longiora. FilatnetUa edentula. Anthera dorso propo basin affixa>, lineares, siocitate reowc cltistice dissilientibus. marginata, funiculi umbilicales tenues. DC, Semina ovata, im- V s ■i M i CRUCIFERiE. [Cardamine. * foliis omnibus indivisis. 1. C. rotoneft/^A'a ; pubescenti-hirsuta demum glabra, caule erecto flexuoso, foliis sub- carnosis angulato-dentatis, radicalibus longe petiolatis rotundato-cordatis, sinu angusto, caulinis ovatis, inferioribus petiolatis superioribus sessilibus, radice fibro.so-tuberosa. — Mich. Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 30. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 439. De Cand. Prodr. v. \. p. U9.— Arabis rhotnboidea. Pers. Syn. PI. v. 2. p. 204. — Cardamine rhomboidea. De Cand. Prodr. V. 1. p. 149.— Arobis tuberosa. Pers. Syn. PI. v. 2. p. 204. (yWc De Cand.) , ? IIab. Rocky Mountains, between lat. 52° and 57°, and thence to Hudson's Bay, in the same latitude. Drummond. — My valued friend Dr. Boott has ascertained that the ArabU rhomboidea of Pers. is the same as the Cardamine rotundifolia of Mich. ; a much more appropriate name. Our plant differs somewhat from the United Stetes specimens, in having fewer leaves on the lower part of the stem, in the upper leaves being omewhat broader, and in the pubescence of the foliage, and especially of the stems; but these characters depend perhaps upon age and situation. The flowers, too, are lai^e, the petals rose-coloured. The shape of these petals in both is nearly cuneate. 2. C. bellidi/olia ; foliis glabris erectiusculis crassiusculis, radicalibus petiolatis ovatis integris, caulinis paucis integris aut subtrilobis, siliquis erectis, stigmate subsessili. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 913. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 150. Engl. Dot. t 2355. Rich, in FranhJ. \st Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 26. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaa, v. I. p. 19. Hab. Summits of the Rocky Mountains, lat. 52°. Drununond. Throughout Arctic America, sparingly. Dr. Ridutrdson. Captain Sir John Franklin. Captain Back. Captain Sir E. Parry. Islands of Una- laschka and St. Lawrence. Chamisso. — Varying much in the length of the peduncles, sometimes shorter than the leaves, sometimes twice as long. Very nearly allied to this, if not the same, is C. lenensis, Andrz. sent me by Professor Ledebour. • * Jbliis tematis pinnatisce. 3. C. purpurea; glabriuscula, foliis radicalibus caulinoque trifoliolatis quinatisve foliolis lateralibus ovali-rotundatis acutis, terminali cordato-rotundato 3-deiitato, bractea ad basin pedicello inferiori cuneato tridentato sessili, petalis (ItEte purpureis) reticuiatim venosis. — Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaa, v. ]. p. 20. Radix repens, gracilis, fibrosa. Folia, (ut et caulis erectus, digitalis,) hie illio parce pilosa, radicalia plurima, caulimim unicum, omnia subWnf^o petiolata, trifoliolata vel rarius quinata ; foliolis lateralibus oppo- sitis vel altemis, subdecurrentibiis, ovali-rotuudatis, acutis, terminali cordato-rotundato, ti.Jentato, vel sub- trilobo, dentibus acutis. Flores '.■ racemo laxo, subdecem. Petioli 5-6 lineas longi, patentes, ghiberrimi, inforiora bractea foliacea, sessili, cuneata, trideutatu instructa. Calyx glaber, sepalis erecto-patentibus oblongis, glaberrimls. Petala late obovata, unguicuktta, intense purpureo-rosea, pulcherrime (sub lente) reticuLitim venosa, 8«palis dupio triplove longiora. Hab. Ishtnds of St. Lawrence. Chamisso. Cape Lisburne, at the northern entrance of Kotzebue's Sound. Lay and Collie in Captain Beechey's Collection. — Only one specimen of this very beautiful Carda- mine exists in our collection. It is distinguished at once by the 3 (5 in Chamisso's plant) roundish leaflets of each leaf, and the deep purple-coloured and reticulated petals, in which Litter particulars I know of no species that comes near it. ' 4. C. angulaia; foliis omnibus petiolatis ternatis rarius quinato-pinnatis, radicalium subrotundis, caulinorutn ovatis lanceolatisvb angulato vel iiiciso-lobatis glabris. — Hook, in liot. Misc. V. 1. p. 343. t. 69. Radix longe repens, fibrosa, perennis. Caulis erectue, simplex, pedalig ad sesquipedaiem, herbaceus, glaber. ii: # [Cardamine. Cardamine.] CRUCIFER^. 45 so, foliis sub- sinu angusto, o-tuberosa. — 1. p. 149.— a. Be Cand. Cand.) e same latitude, 'en. is the same somen'hat from >er leaves being ihese characters The shape of iolatis ovatis ssili. — Linn. I FranU. \st ica, sparingly, ihtnds of Una- etimes shorter nensis, Andrz. tisve fuliolis ea ad basin venosis. — wa, radicalia rah'bug oppo- tato, yel sub- glaberrimi, to-patentibus (sub lente) Kotzebue's tiful Carda- idish leaflets knon- of no adicalium -Hook, in «us,ghiber, viridis, foliosus. FoKa omnia petiolata, glaberrima, membranaoea, temata, rarioa quinaio^iniiata ; foliolis ^■atiicalium subrotundis vel oordatig, oaulinorum ovati* vel lanceolatis: omnibus acuminatig, angulato- vel inciso-lobatis, basi auutis vel acuminatis, angulis vel lobis dentibusve obtusiuaoulis, lateralibui noT' roro petiolulatis, altemis vel oppositis, terminal! plerumque majore. Fhres majusculi, in oorymbis termiDalibus axillaribusque dispositi. Pedicelli graoiles, 2-4 lineaa longi, glabri. Petala obovata, unguioolata, sepalis plusquam duplo longiora, pallide rosea. Hah. Banks of the Columbia. Scouler, Douglas. — Somewhat allied, especially in habit, to C lacrophylla, ( Gmel. Sib, v. 3. t. 62,) which differs in having smaller leaflets, from 5-7 on each leaf, and ' hich are dis- tinctly, and with considerable regularity, serrated; whereas, in our C. angulata, there are few and distant angular teeth and segments. I have seen it only in Mr, Douglas and Dr. Soouler'g collections, who observe that it is not uncommon about Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia. 5. C. pratensis ; foliis pinnatis, foliolis radicalium plerumque subrotundis, caulinorum linearibus lanceolatisve integris, stylo brevissimo vix siliqua tenuiore, stigmate capitato. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 915. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 440. Engl. Bot. t. 776. Rich, in Franhl. \st Jouni. ed. 2. App. p. 26. De Cand. Prodr. v.\. p. 151. /d. angustifolia ; foliorum radicalium foliolis lanceolatis basi attenuatis subintegris. Hab. Hudson's Bay. (Herb. Banks.) Drunanond. Throughout Arctic America. Dr. Richardson. Behring*8 Straits. Chamisso. 0. Igloolik, and others of the islands in the Arctic Sea. Capt. Sir E. Parry. 6. C. hirsuta; foliis pinnatis, foliolis radicalium petiolulatis plerumque rotundatis, caulinorum lanceolatis subpetiolulatis dentatis integerrimisque, petalis (parvis) oblongo- cuneatis, stigmate minuto subsessili. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 915. Engl. Bot. t. 492. De Cand. Prodr. V. 1. p. 152. Rich, in FranU. \st Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 26. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaa, v. 1. p. 20.— C. parviflora? Linn. Sp. PI. p. 919. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 152. Gmel. Sib. v. 3. t. 64. — C. pennsylvanica. Muhl. Cat. p. 60. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 151. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 440. Elliott, Card. v. 2. p. 144. — C. virginica. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 915. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 29. — C. sylvatica. Linn.? — De Cand. Prodr. v. i. p. 152. Had. From Canada to the Rocky Mountains, and to the shores of the Arctic Sea. Druntmond. Dr. Richardson. Unalaschka. Chamisso. Columbia. Scouler. — Those who have beeu in the habit of observing C. hirsuta, as it grows with us, iu different soils and situations, and at different seasons of the year, are well aware how liable it is to vary iu size and ramification, in the direction of its stems, in the breadth and length and toothing of the leaflets, and somewhat too in the size of its flower. Even the style is more or less distinct, sometimes quite obsolete. The same states occur in North America, whence have arisen the C. virginica and C pennsylvanica ; this latter being eaten in Charleston, South Carolina, Mr. Elliott tells us, like the garden Cress, as is our C hirsuta. My specimens of them quite correspond with our Europiean states of the plant. I have placed a mark of doubt against the C. parviflora of Litm., because Sir James E- Smith says it is clearly a distinct species; yet he refers to Gmelin's Fl. Sibirica, v. 3. t. 64, which perfectly accords with many of my Americim and English specimens, such as are but varieties of C. hirsuta. The species is probably very extensively distributed over the globe. I have it from Nepal and from Chile. * It exists, too, in Persia. 7. C. digitata ; foliis digitutim-pinnatis, pinnis sessilibus linearibus integerrimis, stylo brevi vix siliqua tenuiore, stigmate capitato. — Rich, in Frankl. \st Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 26. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 163. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaa, v. 1. p. 19. * Probably the C.flaeeida of Cbamlsro and ScblechtondBl in Linnsea, v. 1. p. 21. CRUCIFBRiB. IParrya. :l " Herba glabenima. Folia digitatim^innata; nfferiora petiolo longo graoili, pimiiaque 7 approxiinatis: tuperiora brevius petiolata, pinnis paulo reniotioribug: mmumtm subieBsile, pionis 3 aut 5; pinnu onmibtti MBsilibiu confennibiu. GmIw dodrantalis, Bimplex, baai repena, ascendent, superae ereotua, sobflexuoMU. Racem ereoti, multiflori. Pedicetti siliqais longiores, patentes. Floret fere magnitudine Card, pratenw. Cafyx flaTeaoena. Pet(Ua obovata, calyce duplo longiora, alba vel purpureo tincta. Stylus crasiiaaculuB, lineare, longua, atigmate capiteto. SUigtuB juniores breviusculae ; matunu non i\i&."—Sichard»on. Has. Arotio Amerioa, from the Eaat to the West coaat Dr. Richardson. — To the above excellent de- aoription, made by Dr. Richardson from recent apeuimenB during the First Expedition, I have nothing to add, (since the perfect frnotifioation has not even now been detected,) except that the root u creeping and destitute of tubers, in which particulars it differs Arom Dentaria heterophj/tta, a plant in other respects very nearly allied to it. This species has been found by Chamisso in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, on the Asiatic side of Behring's Straits. 8. C. Menziesii; pube stellata canescens, foliis pinnatisectis, segmentis bipinnatifidis, laciniis parvis acutis, siliquis pedicelli longitudine. — De Cand, Prodr. v. 1. p. 153. Hab. North -West coast of America. Mr. Menzies. — An species Brachyhbi Sisyndiriive,? DC. 8. DENTARIA. Lim. Siligua lanceolata, valvis planis, enerviis, saepe elastice dissilientibus, placentis non alatis. Funiculi dilatati. Semina ovata, immarginata, 1-serialia. DC. 1. D, laciniata; foliis tribus verticillatis breviter petiolatis tripartitis, lobis segmentisve linearibus integris grosse serratis laciniatisve. — MuM. Cat. n. 60. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 438. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 155. Bigel. Fl. Bast. ed. 2. p. 254. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 142. — D. concatenata. Mich. Am. v.\. p. 30. Had. Pentanguishene, lat 48°. Dr. Richardson. Drumtnond. — Flowers huge, of a pale rose colour, or almost white. 2. D. diphyUa ; foliis caulinis 2 alternis ternatis, foliolis ovato-lanceolatis grosse serratis laciniatisve. — Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 30. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 438. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 155. Sims in Bot, Mag. t. 1465. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 142. Hab. Canada. About Quebec. i1lfr«. Percived. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. — Flowers rather smaller than in the preceding. 3. D. tenuifolia ; foliis caulinis breviter petiolatis alternis ternatis vel pinnatim 5-natis, foliolis linearibus acutis integerrimis, radice tuberculosa fibrosa. — " Ledeb. Mem. de I' Acad, de Petersb. 5. 1815. p. 547." De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 156.— D. tenella. Purak, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 439. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 155.— D. trifida. Lam. HI. t. 562. f. 2. Gmel. Sib. v. 3. p. 272. t. 65. Hab. Banks of the Columbia. {Herb. Lewis.) Mr. Menzies. — Mr. Menzies' specimens agree precisely with my Siberian ones from Dr. Fischer and Professor Ledebour. They scarcely differ from Dr. Richard- son's Cardamine digitata, except in the tubercled root, and in having fewer leaflets ; and that plant should probably be referred to Dentaria, a genus, indeed, which Mr. Brown only considers as a section of Car- damine. 9. PARRYA. Br. (Aeuroltma. Andrt. and De Cand.) Siliqua lato-linearis, valvis magis minusve distincte venosis, planis. Semina subbiseriata, testtL> epidermide laxo, late marginata. Funiculi wnbilicales superne septo adnati. Stig- matis lobi approximati. Parrjfa.] ORUCIFERiE. 4V acentis non ose colour, or ■ smaller than 1. P. inacrocarpa ; siliquis lato-linearibus, antheris linearibus, foliis lato-Ianceolatis in- ciso-dentatis. (Tab. XV.)— -Br. in Parrf^s Ist Voy. App. p. cclxx. Cham, et Schlecht. in LinntBO, v. 1. p. 18. — Neuroloma arabidiflorum. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 156 ; et Hesperis arabidiflora. De Cand. Syst. Veget. v. 2. p. 454. — Neuroloma nudicaule. De Cand. Prodr. V. 1. p. 156; et Arabia nudicaulis. De Cand. Sy^, Veget. v. 2. p. 240. — Neuroloma scapv- gerum? De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 156; et Hesperis scapigera? De Cand. Syat. Veget. v. 8. p. 454. — Cheiranthus scapiger? Adamst '< Mem. Soc. Nat. Scrvt. p. 112. n. 18." — Carda- mine articulata. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 439. «. aspera, piloso-glandulosa. — Arabis, caule nudo. Liim. Aman. Acad. v. 2. p. 358. t. 4. /. 20. — Arabis grandiflora. W:dd. Sp, PL — Neuroloma arabidiflorum. fi. De Cand. fi. glabra, tota glaberrima. — Neuroloma arabidiflorum. «. De Cand. (excluding the syn., which belongs to var. «.) Herba pubescenti-glandulosa in a., in fi. ghbn. Radix iiisiformis, descendens, radionlosa. Folia fere omnino radicalia, crossiuscula, digitalis et ultra, erecta, lato-lanceolata, acuta, in petiolum longum basi attenuata, margine sinuato-vel inciso^entata, rarissime subintegra. Scopus florescens foliis paulo longior, frucliferus duplo longior, erectus, teres. Flores magni, speciosi, corymbosi. PediceUi glabri in a,, in fi, glanduloso-pubescentes, graciles, calycem ezcedentes. Calyx ; sepaiis oblongig, erectis, ooncaTis, dnobos basi gibboais. Petala pulcher.rime pnrpnreo-rosea, calyce duplo longiora, limbo patents lato obovato, venoso, retuso, basi in unguen. attenuato. Stamina unguibus petalorum sublongiora: "!l menta subulata: Anther^. alpina ; so much so, that the latter author doubts if what he describes as the y. brachycarpa be not a dwarf state of alpina. De Candolle says that it is known from that species and all the yellow-flowered ones, by its simple not branched hairs. In our plant, however, it must be confessed there are a few branched hairs mixed with the more abundant simple ones. The roots are long and slender, the k>wer part of the numerous, dichotomously divided branches shaggy with the remains of former years' leaves : the perfect leaves, as well as the stem, are soft and flaccid, oblongo-spathulate, hairy principally at the margin : the scapes scarcely tn-ice the length of the leaves, oven when bearing fruit, hairy or gUbrous, as is the calyx, even on the same plant Pedicels always glabrous. Petals twice the length of the calyx, obovate. Capsules elliptical or elliptic-oblong, shortly oval in y., and sometimes also in ■. Style short, but distinct. Stigma oblong, lobed. In S. the flower is quite immersed among the leaves. 2. D. alpina ; subrigida, scapis nudis pubescenti-hirsutis, foliis lanceolatis planis pilis plerumque ramosis, petalis calycem plusquam duplo longioribus (plerumque flavis) siliculis subcorymbosis oblongo-ellipticis, stylo brevi. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 896. FL Dan. f. 56. (foliis nimis latis.) WaJd. Lapp. v. I. p. 173. /. \l. /. 4. (sed stigmate breviore quam in nostr. exempl.) Br. in Parry's 1st Voy. App. p. 265. Rich, in FrankL \st Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 27, Hook, in Parry's 2d Voy. App. p. 385. «. siliculis glabris. " Herb. Linn." Br. I. c. 13. siliculis pilosis. Br. I, c. — D. alpina. Br. Spitzb. PL in Scoresby's Arctic Reg. i. floribus albis. Hab. From lat. 60° on the Mountains, to the shores of the Arctic Sea, and on the ishinds adjacent, where it principally abounds, extending westward to Kotzebue's Sound, ( Captain Bcechey's Collection), and the Island of St Lawrence, ( Chamisso) : found by all the Arctic Travellers, i. Only on the sea shore, westward of the Mackenzie River. Captain Sir J. Franklin and Captain Back. — De Candolle says of this, that the flowers are smaller than those of D. aizoides. It is not so in our specimens ; they are remarkable for their size and generally fine yellow colour, rarely white, or very pale yellow. The calyx, peduncle, and scape, arc liable to vary in their degree of hairiness. This docs not appear to grow farther south than lat. 60°, nor (lid Mr. Drumraond or Mr. Douglas find it at the greatest elevation of the Rocky Mountains, where they crossed the chain. In that alpine and southern hititude, the species seems to be repbiced by the following very closely allied one. •I [Draba. lend doabtflil if irima immar- I planifl caly- ticis glabris, V. 1. p. 167. Draba.] CRUCIFER^. 51 sand. — I ere agree with early allied to ^arpa be not a ellow-flowered I few branched rer part of the i: the perfect i maigin: the is the calyx, ilyx, obovate. but distinct. planis pilis ns) siliculis ^ 56. (foliis (1 in nostr. 2. App. p. leg. icent, where m), and the ■e, westward lis, that the ^lo for their and scape, ^t. 60°, nor ■where they le following fftr 3. D. glaciaUs; scapo nndo stellatim pubesoente vel glabro, foliis lineari-lanceolatiB rigidis integris stellato-pubesccntibus, petalis (flavis) calycem duplo longioribus, siliculis longe racemosis (an semper?) oblongo-ovatis, stylo brevi. — "Adams, Mim. Soc. Nat. Mosq. 5. p. 106." De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 167. Graham in Edin. Phil. Joum. 1829. p. 183. a. scapis pedicellis siliculisque glabris, floribus pallidis. fi. scapis pedicellisque pubescentibus, siliculis glabris. y. scapis pedicellis siliculisque valde pubescenti-hirsutis. 3. minor, scapis numerosis pedicellisque glabris, floribus pallidioribus. i. minor, scapis pedicellisque giabris, floribus intense luteis. Has. Rocks on the loftiest of the Rooky Mountains, between lat. 52° and 57°. Drvmmond. Rare ou the shores of the Arctic Sea. Dr. Richardson,— C\ioae\y allied, as De Candolle observes, to the two preced- ing species ; differing from both in its longer, narrower, and more rigid leaves, which are clothed with short, and generdly dense, stellated pubescence, and famished, on the underside especially, with a strong and prominent midrib. In consequence of their firm texture, the former years' leaves remain attached at the base, when they lose their pubescence, becoming bleached and glossy, so as greatly to resemble D. aizoides, from which again this species differs by its pubescent, never ciliated, leaves, and far shorter, though yet very evident, style to the capsule. 4. D. oligosperma ; scapo nudo subpubescente, fuliis erectis rigidis subnitidis linearibus ciliatis versus apicem praecipue utrinque stellatim pubescentibus, petalis (albis) calycem pilosiusculum duplo excedentibus, siliculis pubescentibus longe racemosis ellipticis basi apiceque acutis 4-8 spermis, stylo sub 4 brevior.. Radix perennis, tenuis, sublouge descendens, superne multiceps. Caules breves, unciam-2-uncia8 iongi, ramosi, infeme foliorum vetustorum vestigiis obsiti. Folia erecta, linearia, obtusiuscula, inferne subattenuata, rigida, nitida, utrinque sed versus apicem pnecipue stellatim pubescentia, mai^ne ciliata, pilis simplicibus vel ramosis. Scapi terminales, nudi vel raro versus basin unifoliati, rigidiusculi, digitales, pedicellique minute stellatim pubescentes. Flares etiam racemosi. (Jaiyx glaber, vel parce pilosus, pilis patentibus. Petala alba, obovata, basi in unguem atteuuata. Pistillum: Germen oblongum, utrinque attenuatum, stylo subtripio breviore terminatum : Stirfma integrum. Siliculce in racemum laxum, duas uncias longse, elliptioe, planoe, utrinque acutie, pube brevi sparsa tectat, loculis 2-3, rarius 4-spermis. Stylus evidentissimus, siliaila subquadruplo brevier, stigmate integro oapitato. Pedicelli fructiferi siliculis paulo longiores. Hab. Summit of a limestone hiU, Mackenzie River, lat. 68°. Dr. Richardson. — Unwilling as I am to increase the number of species in this most difficult genus, I yet venture to do so in the case of the present individual, which was found in considerable abundance and perfection, though only in one spot, bearing both flowers and fruit. Although in the three preceding species, if such they may be called, Oe Candolle designates the style as brevissimus, it can only be so in reference to that of his preceding groupe, the Aizopsis family ; for the stylo is assuredly much longer than in any of the following species with naked scapes. Now, in that particular, and in the rigid foliage and generally short stellated pubescence, it approaches D. glacialis, whilst its white flowers and general habit assimilate it with the D. hirta tribe. It is remarkable for having the lower pedicels of the raceme bearing fruit, whilst the upper ones have perfect flowers. The seeds aro mostly two or three in each cell. 6. D. pauciflora ; scapis aphyilis pedicellisque pilosis, foliis lanceolatis integerrimis pilis furcatis simplicibusque, petalis (flavis) spathulatis calycem hirsutum vix superantibus, ovariis glabris, Br. in Parry's \st Voy. App. p. cclxvi. Hook, in Parry's 2d Voy. App. p. 385. Hab. Melville Island. Capt, Sabine, Barrow River. Capt. Sir E. Parry, " Dubia species, alpinee G i ss CRUCIFERiE. [Draba. proxima." Br. — What I have taken for tluH plant in Captain Parry's collection, is smaller than D. alpina, has fewer flowers upon the scape, and much smaller and narrower petals. 6. D. micropetala ; scnpis aphyllis pedicellisque pilosis, foliis lato-lnnceolatis subvenosis integerrimis pilis furcatis simplicibusque, petalis (albis) anguste-spnthtilatis calycem pilosi- usculum vix superantlbus, siliculis ellipticis, stigiiiote sessili emarginato. — Hook, in Parry's 2d Voy. App. p. 385. /8. minor. Had. Island of Igloolik. Capt. Sir E. Parry, fi. Sea coast between the Coppermine and Mackenzie Kivers. Dr. Rkhardson. — This has the habit of D. alpina, but its flowers more nearly resemble those of D. paucijtora. They are, however, white, their petals smaller and still narrower than in the latter species, collected into a dense corymb, or almost head of flowers, which scarcely changes its appearance cren when in fruit. Dr. Richardson gathered only two specimens of this, one in flower, which ditfers only from VM^t. Parry's plant in its smaller size, and one in fruit. The siliculte are elliptical, purplish brown, glabrous, veiny, crowned (as is the germen) with the sessile and deeply notched stigma. 7. D. muricella; scnpo nudo velutino, foliis oblongis integris pube stellata coesio-velu- tinis, siliculis oblongo-lunceolntis glabris. DC, — Wahl. Lapp. p. 178. t. \l./. 2. De Cand. Prodr. V. I. p. 168. Brown in Ilos.. 433 ? , Haii. Labrador. Colmasler, (in Ptirsh.) Arctic shores of America. Rosa. Parry. Woody country between lat. 5-l-° and 0+°. Dr. liichardson. — I scarcely see how this may be discriminated from D. nivalis and /lirta. De Candolle has placed it among the Chrysodraba, or those species which have yellow flowers; but he expressly says the blossoms are white, though his var. /3. casia has yellow ones. 8. D, oblongata ; scapis nudis, pube floccosa subhirsutis, foliis coispitosis oblongo-line- aribus integris ciliatis velutinisque, siliculis elliptico-oblongis velutinis. DC, — Brown in Boss's Voy, App, (without descr.) De Cand, Prodr, v, \,p, 169. — D. hirtn, var. 2. Hook, in Parry's 2d Voy, App, p. 386. Had. Shores of Arctic America. lioss. Igloolik and Barrow River. Parry. — I have not seen this species, nor is it known to Botanists except by De CandoUc's description. It seems very closely allied to D. hirta. 9. D. corynd)osa; scnpis nudis hispidulis, foliis dense cwspitosis oblongis basi attenuatis ciliatis subhispidisque, siliculis ellipticis corymbosis hispidulis. DC. — Brown in Ross's Voy. App. — De Cand. Prodr. v. \. p. 169. Hab. Shores of Arctic America. Capt. Ross. — This is mentioned by Mr. Brown as Seing extremely similar to D. oblongata and rupestris ; and De Candolle says of it, " D. oblongatoe et hirta affinis." 10. D. hirta ; scapis puberulis, folia pauca plerunique dentata gerentibus, foliis radi- calibus oblongis subintegris puberulis, siliculis oblongis pedicellisque glaberriniis, stylo subnullo.— Linn. Sp. PI. p. 897. Wahl. Lapp. p. 175. t. 11./ 3. Hook, in Parry's 2d Voy. App. p. 385. (var. 1.) Rich, in Frankl. \st, Journ, ed, 2. p, 27. i, siliquosa, siliculis 9 lineas longis. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaa, v. 1. p. 23. i. foliis glabriusCuIis, scapo omnino glabro. ifrr [Draba. • than S. alpina, tis subveiiosis nlycetn pilosi- oA. in Parry's and Mackenzie resemble those in in the latter ippcarance even iffcrs only from irown, glabrous, 1 cuBsio-velu- 2. De Cand. Journ. etl. 2. ot fVilld.)— VooAy country -D. nivalis and V flotvcni; but )longo-Iiiie- — Brown in 2. Hook. not seen this closely allied nttenuatis in Ross's g extremely olils radi- niis, stylo 'arry's 2d Draba.] CRUCIFER^. 58 Had. Arctic and subarctic America, aa well ai upon the Rocky Mountains; frequent. ). Unalaichka. ChamiHso. i. Sea shores between the Coppermine and Mackensie Rivers. Dr. Richardson. — A most variable plant, differing, as do the rest of the geuiu, in the length and breadth of the foliage, in the degree of pubescence, in the form of the silicuke, and in the absence or presence of leaves upon its stem ; so that to me it appears, on the one hand, readily to pass into D, rupettria of Mr. Brown, which here (out of respect to such high authority,) I have ventured to keep distinct ; while, on the other, it is difficult to distinguish it from some of the slender states of D. incana. 11. D.rupestris; scapo nudo vel unifoliato pubescente, foliis oblongo-spathulatis sub- hirsutis ciliatisque, siliculis oblongis pubescentibus vel glabris, stylo perbrevi, stigmate emarginato. «. siliculis pubescentibus. Br. in Hort, Kew. ed. 2. v. 3. p. 91. Hook. Fl, Scot. 1. p. 197. Cham, et Schlecht. in LinncBO, v. 1. p. 23. De Cand. Prodr. v. I. p. 169.— D. hirta. «S'»j. in Engl. Bot. t. 1338. (not of Linn, nor of Fl. Dan, — Br.) Sm. in Engl. Fl. v. 3. p. 159. — D. hirta, ^8. alpicola. JVahl. Lapp. p. 175. t. 11./ 1. Hook. Fl. Scot. 1. p. 197 D. hirta, var. 4. Hook, in Parry's 2d. Voy. App. p. 386. fi. siliculis glabris. Hab. -/}. Rocky Mountains, in stony places, between lat. 22° and 57°. Drummond. — This species was founded by Mr. Brown^ on specimens, I believe, from Ben Lawers, in Scotland ; where I have gathered for many successive years in great abundance, and it assuredly varies in the pubescence being more or less dense, and more or less branched and stellated. The siliculw are generally pubescent ; but sometimes, as is the pedicel, quite glabrous. The latter is the state of the Rocky Mountain plant, and it is probably identical with A. nivalis of Willdenow. 12. D.lapponica; scapis nudis glaberrimis, foliis lanceolatis integerrimis pilosiusculis, siliculis ovato-Ianceolatis pedicellisque glaberrimis. DC, — JVilld. — De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 169. Br. in Parry's 1st Voy, App. p. 266. Cham, et Schlecht. in LinncBa, v. I. p. 22. — D. hirta, var. 3. Hook, in Parry's 2d Voy. App. p. 386. — D. androsacea. Wafd. Lapp. p. 174. ^ 11./ 5. Had. Shores and islands of Arctic America. Rosa. Parry. 13. D. stellata ; scapis l-phyllis pubescentibus, foliis ovali-oblongis pube stellata brevi totnentosis, pedicellis puberulis, siliquis oblongis. DC. — Jacq. Hort. Vindob. p. 1 13. Obs. n, 54. t. 4. / 3. De Cand. Prodr. v. \. p. 169. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaa, v. I. p. 22. — D. hirta. Jacq. Austr. t. 432. /3. hebecarpa ; siliculis undique velutino-pubescentibus. DC. Hab. Unalaschka. Chamiaao. /3. Arctic America. Dr. Richardson. — The figure referred to in Jacquin's Flora Austriaca, I have always conceived to be admirably characteristic of our Scottish D. rupestris, espe- cially the upper figure. The var. |3. is very hairy, and more disposed to be leafy on the stem than the D. rupestris of this country. 14. D.lavipes; scapis nudis monophyllisve pubescentibus, foliis ovatis pube stellata brevi tometitosis, siliculis elongato-linearibus pedicellisque glaberrimis. De Cand. Syst. Nat, V. 2. p. 346. De Less. Ic. Sel. v. 2. t. 46. / a. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 169. Hab. Rocky Mountains, between lat. 52° and 57°. Drummond. — A few specimens, well according with De CandoUe's description and De Lessert's figure, are in Mr. Drummond'g collection. 64 CRUCIFERiB. [Draia. 15. D. crau\fiMa; icapo nudo vel unifoliato, pedicellis calyceque glaberrimis, foliis lineari-spathulatis subcarnosis, pilis simpiicibus ciliatis, petalis apice retusis cul^cem paulo superantibus.— GraAom in Editu Phil. Journ. 1829. p. 182. m. petalis albis. fi. petalis pallide flavis. Badu: ponra, gntcUis, deicendeui, fibrosa, superne multiceps. Folia roiulata, fere omnino radicalia, vix unciam longa, linearMpathuIata, tubcamaM, pallide viridia, integerrima vel pauoidentata, glabra, marginu pili* limplicibiu albis oiliala, basi uon raro iu petiolum lougiusoulum attcniuta. Scapi ^, 3, noununiiuam 4 uncial lougi, flexuosi yel curvati, aphylli, vel folium unicum liuearo basin versus gerentes, gbiberrimi. Fhres Uxe oorymbosi, pauciflori. Petlicelli subcurvati vol tlexuosi, denium patiMitissimi. Calycis nepala ovato-rotundata, giaberrima, viridia ad margiiiera pallidioru. Pelala alba, in /}, pallide flava, obovata, Iwsi attenuata, apioe retusa vel obtutissime emargiuata. Silicula glaberrinue, elliptico-ovata, Stii/ma sessile, parvuin. Hab. Summits of the Rooky Mountains, between lat. 63° and 67°. — The small size of the whole pbint, frequently not rising more than '8 inches above the surface of the soil, the absence of pubescence, its waving scapes and pedicels, and small flowers, would seem to constitute a distinct character: yet the Ltrger specimens oflTer many points in common with the />. ijlabella. Ph. The general habit is that of EropMa vulgaris, but its petals are by no means bipartite, but simply notched. * * Cauiis folioma. Annua vel Biennea, 16. D.'f laevigata; caulibus foliosis simpiicibus glabris strictis, foliis radicalibus et cauliiiis inferioribus petiolatis ovatis basi attenuatis carnosiusculis inurgiiie obsolete ciliatis, siliculis oblongo-lanceolatis, pedicellis brevibus quadruplo sextuplo luugioribus glabris.— Cham, et Schlecht. in LintuBO, v. \. p. 25. Ilitn. Ishuid of St. Lawrence. Chamisao. — Of this phint, with which I am wholly unuoquointed, Chamisso and Schlechteudal say that it has a very peculiar habit iu the absence of the radical tufts of leaves, the simple stem, and iu its smoothness aud fleshiness. 17. D, glabella ; ibliis radicalibus oblongo-spathulatis, caulinis 2-4 ovatis dentatis vel integris, omnibus caule pediceUiscjue lacviter substellato-pubescentlbus, petalis (albis) calycu glaberrimo plusquam duplo longioribus, siliculis — ? — Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 434? Itich. in Franhl. Ist Journ. ed. 2. p. 27. Had. Margins of alpine rivulets in the Rocky Mountains, between lat. 62° and 67°. Drummond; and north in the plains. Dr, Hicharihon. Hudson's Bay. Pursh. — This has mere the habit of />. cramfolia than of the following ; but it is three or four times the size, and has flowers as large as any in the genus. The siticuhi! I have not seen. 18. D.confusa; caule fulioso subramoso pubc stellata brevi velutino, ibliis oblongis subdentatis, siliculis oblongis pubescentibus pedicello longioribus. DC. — " EKrh, Beitr. 7. p. 155." De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 170. Hah. Rocky Mountains, from lat. 62° ; and north in the plains, nearly to the mouth of the Mackenzie River. Drummond. Jiichardson. — This too is a very variable pUnt, in respect to the number of leaves on its stem, their shape and margin, (entire or toothed,) and the pubescence of the whole plant. It insensibly passes into the following species. 19. D. incana; caule folioso simplici vel ramoso pube stellata velutino, Ibliis ovatis dentatis, siliculis oblongis glabris vel pubescentibus contortis vel strictis. . -if. »i Dnba.] CRUCIFBILfi. •berrimis, lblii.s I Cttlycem paulo lino radicalia, vix I, glabra, maivinu i, a, nouuunquaai ontes, glaberrimi. • Calj/cia aepala ira, obovBta, liosi . Stiffina untile, lie of the whole f pubescence, its r: yet the krger that of ErophUa radicalibus et •soletc ciliatis, }U8 glabris. — inted, Chaiuisso laves, the simple i Uentatis vel (albis) calj'ce 434? JticL nimmondi and Ji. cramifolia ' in the genus. lis oblongis rli. Beitr. 7. ho Mackenzie f leaves on its It insensibly tbliis ovatis «. caulc erecto stricto.— D. incana. Linn. Sp. PI, p. 807. EngL Bot. t. 388. FL Dan. t. 180. Punh, Fl. Am. v, 2. p. 434.-0. contorta. Ehrh. — De Cmd. Prodr. v. 1. p. 170. /I. caule flexiioso. lUn. a. Labrador, Purih. Mr. Morrison. Bear Lake and the Maok«uri« RiTer. Dr. Riehard§m. 6. North-West coast of America. Mr. Menzies. Isbuids of St. Lawrence and Unakschka. Dr. Fischer. — The more usual state of D. incana, such as we find it in the north of England and in Scotland, we have only from Labrador and about Bear Lake. The specimens from the N. W. coast, gathered by Mr. Meniies, will probably prove distinct, both firom it and D. eonftisa ; for their habit is very different. I posMsa the same phint from the stations above quoted, sent by Dr. Fist^her, with the name " D. burealii. DC?" This latter is a Kamtschadale plant, communicated by the same liberal Botanist to Oe Candolle, who, however, describes it as having only one leaf upon the stem, whereas the pknt in question has several. I have seen no fniit. 30. D. arajfrizana ; caule folioso subromoso subpuberulo, foliis lanceolotis acutis den- tatis, siliculis lincaribus glabris pedicello longioribus. — Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 28. Pursh, Ft. Am. V. 2. p. 134. II*a lake ChaaifUan. Michatix. CaaadiL Pursh? Goldief — What I possess, under this name, gathered in the neighbourhood of Montreal by Mr. Goldie, is, I think, only D. incana, and I strongly suspect such to be the pkint of Michaux. Pursh seems to have confounded Michaux's D. arabizans with the Alyssum dentatum of Niittall, as already noticed. 21. li. Unalaschkiaiia; caule folioso simplici pubescente, foliis ovato-oblongis intcgris pubescentibus, siliculis oblongis hirsutulis. — De Cand. Syst. Veget. v. 2. p. 330, Prodr. v. 1. p. 170. Had. Unalaschka. Dr. Fischer in De Cand. — " Petala calyce dupio longiora, limbo obovato emar- ginato." DC. 22. D. aurea; pubescens, caule erecto folioso, foliis lanceolatis ovatc-lanceolatisve acutis integris dentntisve, corymbis terminalibus axillaribusque, siliculis oblongo-lanceo- latis pubescentibus pedicello triple longioribus, petalis (flavis) emarginatis, stylo longius- culo. Vahl.—Fl. Dan. t. 1460. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 170. Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 2934. Hah. Alpine prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Dnmmumd.~\ie]X distinguished by its bright conspicu- ous yellow flowers and lateral peduncuhtted corymbs, springing from several of the upper leaves of the stem. One specimen in the collection has white flowers. 23. D.lutea; pubescens, caule ramoso folioso, foliis ovalibus caulinis lanceolatis den- tatis, siliculis elliptico-oblongis glubris sub 30-spertnis pedicello sub-triplo brevioribus, (floribus luteis.)— « Gilih. Fl. Lith. in Ust. del Op. 2. p. 357." Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 62. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 171. /3. longipes. DC. — Pedicellis silicula 4-plo longioribus.— D. gracilis. Graham in Edin. Phil. Joum. 1828. p. 172. IUb. Low grounds from lat. 56° to 66° j Dr. Richardsom Drummond; both «. and /3.— It has been correctly observed that this differs from the following species only in its glabrous capsules. 24. D, nenuyralis ; pubescens, caule ramoso, foliis ovalibus caulinis lanceolatis dentatis, siliculis elliptico-oblongis pubescentibus sub 30-sperniis pedicello subtriplo brevioribus. Ehrh.—De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 171.— D. muralis, fi. nemorosa. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 897. 56 CRUCIFERiE. [Coehharia. u. floribus luteis, petalia lubintegris. , , 0, floribus fere albis, petalii cmarginatia. Hab. a. About Lao la Pluie, and Rocky Mountains, (not found in the low ground*.) Drummond, 0. North- Weit coait of America. Douglas. 25. D, muralia ; pubescens, caule ramoso folioso, foliis late ovatis caulinis cordatts sub- amplexicaulibus profunde dentntis, siliculis clliptico-obluiigisi sub IG-spermis pcdiceUu paulo brcvioribus (floribus albis.) — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 897. EngL Hot. t. 102. De Catui. Prodr. V. 1. p. 171. Hah. About Montreal. Mr, C/e^Aom.— Petals white, entire or lometimes notched upon the tame plant. Such is the beat account I have been able to draw up of the individuals of this most difficult gonuH, Draba. It la to mo moat unaatiafactory ; and all I can offer in iti* favour ia, that, in general, the species of which it ia compoacd have a peculiarity of aspect and growth, by which they are better distinguiahed than by the charactcrx here laid dunu. But there arc, among tlio Europii'an and Northern Asiatic species existing in roy Herbarium, many of which I am quite at a Ion to determine whether or not they are different from the North American ones. 13. EROPHILA. DC. Silicula ovalis aut oblonga, valvis planis. Semina plurima, inimar;rinnta. Cal. usqualis. Petala bipnrtita. Slam, edentula. — t^Ierbic anmuB, acapis tiudia, floribux albis. DC. 1. E. vulffaris ; siliculis ellipticis pcdicello brevioribus, scapis 5-].'>-t1oris. — De Cand. Prodr. V. 1. p. 172.— Draba verna. Linn. Sp. PL p. 896. /vV/y/. Hot. t. 686. Pursh, H. Am. V. 2. p. 433. IIah. Cuuuda. Pursh. — I have not seen this in any collection from Uritiah America, and am unable to say whether the plant alluded to by Pursh be the common KuroiHvun state of K. vult/aris, or, as Is more pro- bable, the E. americana of J)C., which only differs in Its longer ailleulie, according to specimens sent to me from New York, by Dr. Torrey ; and which that gentleman has ascertained to bo Draba hisjmlula of Muhlenberg. 14. COCHLEAUIA. Tourn. Silicula sessilis, ovatu-globosa aut oblonga, valvis vcntricosis. Semina plurima, immar- ginatn. Cal, wquulis, patens. Pet. Integra. Stam. edentula. — Florcs alhi. Folia scepins camosa, DC. 1. C. Mongifolia ; siliculis subrotundis pedicello dimidio brevioribus, foliis caulinis oblongis integris (vel sinuuto-dentatis) sessilibus, sumniis brcvissinie auriculutis. — DeCand. Prodr, V. I. p. 363. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaa, v, 1. p. 26. " Valde similis Cochlearia qfficinali ! Differe videtur: foliis caulinis basi mngis ongus- tatis, umplexicaulibus quidetn, uuriculis vero minus productis; floribus minoribus, siliculis stylo breviori apiculatis. An species? Ut congeneres variat habitu et statura." — Cham, et Schlecht. Hab. Islands of St. Lawrence and Unalasclika. Chamisso. Kotzebue's Sound. Lay and Collie in Capt. Beechey'a Collection. — I possess authentic specimens of this from Dr. Fischer, which coulirm the observations above given. '' I ''Pi [CkKhUaria. CoMearia.] CRUCIFERiE. vr nmond. fi. North- 9 cordatis sub- rniis pcdicello «2. Ik Catul. n the Mine plant. at difflmlt genus, tl, the species of iif^iiished than by >ecics existing in iifereut from the Cal. a>qualis. is. DC. s. — De Cand. i. I'ursh, Fl. id am uunble to OS is more pro- lens sent to me ha hitpUMa of inin, immar- Folia stepius iWia cauiinu .—De Cand. ingis nngus- Jtis, siliculis a."— Cham. ami Collie in I coulirm the % 9. C. anglica ; siliculis olliptico-globosis venoso-reticulatis pediceilu dimidio breviori- bus, foliis radicalibus petiolatis ovatisi integris, caulinis oblongis. DC— Linn, Sp. PI. p. 903. Engl. Sol. t. 652. De Cand. Prodr. v. \. p. 364. Had. Shores of the Arctic 8«» and isUnds adjacent, from eut to west; Obicnratory Inlet. Dr. Scolder,— \t i» often difficult, eipeoially in a dried state, to distinguish this from C. officinali$i nor do I think that the two species are generally well understood by fiotanists. If the Engl. Bot. flg., t. AA8, be the true C. anglica, our most frequent Arctic species is certainly that plant. The lilicula are broadly elliptical, the reticulations more or less apparent, the dissepiment sometimes fenestrate, as I find it to be in British individuals. 3. C. fenestraia ; siliculis ellipticis ovalibusvc, vnlvis subp ;'eiikis, dis.'^.^ptincri'o ciliptico- lanceolato, axi stepius fepestrato, foliis radical'bus cordatis intej-erriHiir--, cauHr>is <. 1^^, lle4> tions ; but I confess that I cannot satisfactorily distinguish it from O '.mlifn. 4. C. officinalis; siliculis ovato-globosis pedicello diniir'io breviurib.is, Toliis n.d'calibiit petiolatis cordatis, caulinis ovatis dentato-angulatis. ?)C. — Z,f»',. Sp PL p. '.^'•:"i, Engl, Sot. t. 551. Hab. Arctic shores. Whale Fish Islands? Capt. Si,' i'„ Parry. Coast to the ivcFtvt'Aid of MuskensJe River. Capt. Sir John Franklin and Capt, Back. — One spei 'iiien ii\ oach of the i.lio"*-rjei)tii:ar\ C iijlcinalis, lt.kKii t'«>' I..i>j>,/i»h Botany figure as the type of the species; but neither is in fruit> 5. C.danicas siliculis ellipsoideis pedicelli longitudiae, folii.o ctnribi's pctMatis dc!toi- deis. DC— Linn, Sp. PI. p. 903. Engl. Sot- t. 100. C'nam, et S'.N'rht in Linncaa, )>, I, p,26. Hab. Arctic shores. North Somerset. Capt. Sir E. Parry. Westward tj the MBcUe'.ixie Kivur, Capt. Sir John Franklin und Capt, Back, 6. C tridactylites ; siliculis ovato-globo«is, foliis caulinis dcfite unico utrii ique grnsse subtrilobatis. DC. — Sanks' Herb. — De Cand. Si/st. v. \, p. 174. Hab. Labmdor; Herb. Banks.; ac^iording to Do Candolle. 7. C spathidata; steliatim pubescens, siliculis dlipsoidcoglobo-sis, foliis spr.'-bi.lrt s grosse dentatis acutis venosis. — Schlecht. pat. in Herb, JVilld. — De Cand. Prodr. v. \.p. 1174. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaa, v. 1. p. 27. — C. scptent' ionnlis. De Cand. Prodr, v. 1. p. 174. ("excl. syn. Schlecht. pat. in Herb, Willd:')—DY.\ha grnid s. Lonr/sdmff, MSS.—De Cand. Sgst. v. 2. p. 355. De Less. Ic. v. 2. /, 47. Hab. Aleutian Islands of St. George and St. Paul, , t. .5G°, ri7°. Chamiso.— Of th\a interesting plant I possess beautiful specimens, both from Dr. Fischei and from Chnnissso. The latter considers it as the only plant peculiar to the islands just mentioned, »j>d h.'S published herd; bat not general in the country. 2. T. montanum ; foliis subcarnosulis integris, radicalibus obovatis petiolatis, caulinis oblongis sagittato-amplexicaulibus, petalis calyce majoribus, siliculis obcordatis 4-.spermis, stylo flliformi. DC— Linn. Sp. PI. p. 902. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 176.— (T. praecox. JVulf. et T. alpinuni. Jacq.) Had. Shores of the Arctic Sea, to the westward of the Mackenzie River ; Capt. Sir John Franklin and Capt. Sack. One specimen was sent with T. alpestre, from Canada, by Mrs. Percival. 3. T. cochlearijbrme ; foliis subcarnosulis, radicalibus petiolatis ovatis subdentatis, caulinis cordato-amplexicaulibus, petalis calyce majoribus, siliculis oblongis subemargin- atis 8-spermis, stylo brevi filifornii. — De Cand. Syst. Veget. v. 2. p. 381, Prodr. v. \.p. 176. De Less. Ic. v. 2. t. 52. Hab. Common on the subalpine ridge of the Blue Mountains, and those of the Flat-head River, on the south branches of the Columbia. Douglas. — Except in the larger size of this plant, and in the more numerous seeds of the cells, it scarcely differs from the preceding. 4. T. alpestre ; foliis integris vel obscure dentatis, radicalibus c Jtis petiolatis, caulinis oblongis amplexicaulibus, petalis calyci suba;qualibus, siliculis obcordatis 8-12-sperniis, stylo flliformi. DC— Linn. Sp. PL p. 903. EngL Bat. t. 81. De Cand. Prodr. v. \.p. 176. Hab. Canada. Mrs. Percival. 16. HUTCHINSIA. Br. Silicula elliptico, valvis navicularibus aptcris, loculis 2-sperniis, rarius polyspermis. CaL o^qualis. Pet. flcqualio. DC. H, calycina ; cano>pubescens, foliis pleruraque radicalibus profunde pinnatifidis longe petiolatis, calycibus persistentibus, siliculis oblongis utrinque attenuatis stylo acuminatis. (Tab. XVII. / B.)— Dew. Joum. Bot. v. 3. p. 168. De Cand. Prodr. v. \. p. 178.— Lepi- dium talycinum. Steph. in WiUd. Sp. PL v. 3. p. 433. - S/ IHutehuuia. in Herb. WiUd. lis plant in Una- lanceolato-oblong' s, septo nngus- a. Cotyledones epidineis solum d truly spathulate, somewhat fleshy; aud, as are the stem, pedicels, and calyx, sparingly clothed with bipartite and appressed pubescence. Flowers rutlier larger than H.pygmaa; but from being ill dried, I am unable to say whether they are purple or not. Young pods much spreading. This has all the appearance of being a truly perennial plant. '■' 10. SISYMBRIUM. All. Siliqua teretiuscula, super toruni scssilis. StignuUa 2, subdistincta aut in capitulum if' [SisjfnArUm. pube bipar- :to simplici. 6. p. 114." i7. Am, V. )ube bipartita, ictus, simplex, us, purpureo- ata, acuta vel tata: caulina as. Pcdicelli magna, pur- hm: Germai ilosis, albidis. s«B, stigmate, linali elevata ''odospermum !, and thence y and Collie early corres- iption of De >n to believe s at variance re plane. I PJfffinaeus of t'lie seeds, I t among the ed nature of it agrees in 3sscd, bipar- bly scarcely ^wi\ei-, Jilj. I •.—natural inioribus) t similarity , perennial. y> and, as vers rutlier ot. Young ipitulum Sisymbrium,] CRUCIFERiE. 61 connata. CeU. basi aequalis. Semina ovata aut oblonga. Cotykdones planae, incum- bentes, interdutn obliquae. Stam. edentulu. DC. * Norta. Siliqua teretes. Calyx patens. Semina oblonga. Flores flavi. Racemi ebracuati. DC. 1. S. juncettm; foliis glabris glaucis, inferioribus petiolatis runcinato-pinnatifidis, superioribus lineari-lanceolatis integris. DC. — Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cam. v. 3. p. 114. De Cand. Prodr. v.\. p.\Q\. Cham, et Schkcht in Linnaa, v. I. p. 28. Hab. At Priest's Rapid on the Columbia, among dry stones; rare. Douglas, * * Velarum. SiliqutB subidiformes basi latiores, apice in stylum brevissimum desinentes, pediceUo brevissimo post anthesin incrassato seats axin adpressce. Flores flavi. DC. 2. S. officinale i foliis runcinatis pilosis, caule pilose, siliquis rachi appressis subulatis. DC.—" Scop. Cam. ed. 2. n. 824." Br. in Hort. Kew. ed. 2. «. 4. p. 111. De Cand. Prodr. V. 1. p. 191. — Erysimum officinale. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 922. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 436. Engl. Bot. t. 735. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 148. Hau. Canada. Purah. Mouth of the Columbia. Scouler. * * * Irio. SiliqucB teretes. Semina ovata, subtriquetra. Flores flavi. DC. 3. S. curvisiliqua ; erectum ramosum, foliis lanceolatis pinnatiiidis acutis glabris basi sub- amplexicaulibus, segmentis lineari-lanceolatis patentibus, summis subintegris, racemo fructifero elongato, siliquis linearibus curvatis acuminatis, pediceUo duplo longioribus. Radix parvD, anuua. Caulis erectus, vix pedalis, supeme pnecipne, ramosuf, sub lente, pilis minu- tissimis, sparsis scabriusculus. Folia 2, 3 uncias longa, lanceolata, acuta, glabra, pinnatifida, basi plerumque auriculata, semiamplexicaulia, laciniis patentibus, lineari-lanceolatis, acutis, integris ; inferiora subpectinato- pinnatifida, superiora minora, basi subsagittata, reliqua subintegra. Flores parvi, corymbosi, flavi. Calyx patens. Corolla calyce longior. Siliqucs longe racemosse, teretes, in stylo brevi acuminata, lineares, fal- catte, subunciam longte, subtorulosie. Valvce laeves, glabrae. Semina biserialia. Had. Common on the North-West coast of America, lat. 47°, 48°, iu sandy soils, near streams. Douglas. — This species belongs to De CandoUe's 2d division of his section Irio, but that includes no one to which it can be referred. Its nearest ally is perhaps the S. simiatum of NuttaWs MSS. (from the Arkansa,) which I possess from that gentleman, but without fruit. The leaves of it are in many respectn sin ilar to those of our plant, but the segments are more numerous and shorter, and the flowers are considerably longer. 4. S. sophioides ; foliis bipinnatifidis, lobis ovatis lanceolatisve incisis, pedicellis (petalis- (jue) calyce subbrevioribus, floribus siliquisque lineari-iiliformibus falcatis umbeilato- corymbosis. (Tab. X^.)— Fischer, MSS. — S. Sophia. Cham, et SclUecht. in Linnaa, v. 1. p. 28. — S. Sophia, var.? Rich, in Frankl. 1st Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 27. Radix crassiuscula, descendens, annua. Caulis solitarius, pedalis ad bipedalem, erectus, flexucsus, ramosus, striatus, subnitidus, ut et folia juniora glanduloso-pubescens. Folia plurima radicalia, pinnatifida, fere piunata, piunis iterum pinnatifidis ovatis lanceolatis. 153? /3. minor ; foliorum lobis latioribus. Hab. «. In the low grounds, from l-:. 50^ to 60°. Dr. Richardson. Plentiful about the Saskatchawan and Red Rivers. Douglas.— H. In the Kocky Mountains and about Fort Frwik'-.i, lat. CC°. Drummond; Dr. Richardson. Calitnrnia. Mr. Mcmies. — I have refeiTed to Nuttall, the origiual authority, indeed, for this species, with a mark of doubt; because ou looking over Dr. Richardson's specimens, ho was of opinion that they were distinct from his canncens. Nevertheless, his short character sufficiently accords with our phmt, save that ho describes the pods as clavate, which ours are, only in a slight degree, when the lower seeds in the cells are abortive, occasioning a corresponding contraction in that part of the seed-vessel. I am disposed to think the species has a very extensive range. If Nuttall's and Elliott's plants be the same, it is very com- mon in Carolina and Georgia ; uud I possess specimens, which I can by no means distinguish from it, gathered near Rio Quinto, in the provin. i? of St. Louis, S. America, by Dr. Gillies. 6. S. hrachycarpum ; subglabi um, foliis bipinnntifidis, lobis lanceolatis obtusis integris vel paiciter dentatis, petalis calyce niajoribus, siliquis linearibus (brevibus). — Rich, in Frankl. \st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 27. Hab. From Canada to the Arctic Sea, and across the whole width of the Continent. Dr. Richardson. Drummond. Great Falls of the Columbia, in low moist soils. Douglas. — Habit of S. Sophia, but, as Dr. Richardson well observes, easily distinguished by its pods being twice as short, scarcely different from the preceding in that respect, from which again it is separated by its almost glabrous stems and leaves, and in having the petals, in general, but, I thiuk, not always, longer than the calyx. I possess some specimens that I can with difficulty say to which they should be referred. • • # # Arabidopsis. Siliqua lineares, compressa, .itigmate .sessili truncato. Mores albi {vel subrosei) hrevissime pedicellati. Pcdicelli ebracteati. DC. 7. iS. hiimile; incano-pubescens, perenne, caulibus diftusis, foliis integris vel sinuato- dentatis radicalibus spathulatis, caulinis lanceolatis basi attenuatis, siliquis linearibus Suffmbrimn.] CRUCIFERJE. 68 pedicello quintuple longioribus tereti-torulosis pubescentibus. — S. humile. Leddxmr, MSS. ined. «. Ledeb.; foliis subintegris. ' /3. .Lrdeb. ; foliis sinuato-dentatis subpinnatifidis. Radix sublonge descendens, anguste fusiformig, perennis. Caules rarius 8olitarii, asepigsime plurimi ex cadem radico, palmares, diffiui, nunc prostrati, siraplioe* vel nipeme ramosi, pubescenti-hirauti, non raro pur- pureo tiucti. Folia omnia magis minusve pubescenti-incana, pubo romosa, versus basin pilis immixta ; in a. subintcgra, in ^. sinuato-dentata, etiam dentato-pinnatifida ; radicalia oblongo-spathulata, obtusa ; caulina lanceolata, etiam obtusa, rarius subacuta, basi in petiolum attenuata. Flares in corymbis parvis terminalibus, majuscnli, albi vel pallide purpureo-rosei. PedicelU calycom suUequantes. Cctlyi pubescenti-hirtus, pilis ad apicem longioribus; sepalis late ovatis, concavis, erectis. Petala calyce plusquam duplo longiora, unguiculata, limbo lato, patente, s'lbretuso, Pistillum : germen cylindraceum, valde pubesccns : Stigma sub- sessile, obtusum, vix capitatum. Siliqum in racemis triimcialibus, poUicem longw, subcurrattp, lineares, tcretes, torulosie, pubescentes, in acumen breve terminantes. Semina uniscrialia, ovalia, fusca. Colffledonet incumbentes. • Hau. a. Rocky Mountains, between lat. H-i'^ and 57°. Drummond. — /i. About the Mackenzie Hiver, from lat. 60° to G8°. Dr. Richardson, Drummond. — This plant has so entirely the habit of some states of Arabia petrcBo, that, were it not for the more rounded and toruloso pods, I should probably not have ventured to separate them. An examination of the seeds, however, soon convinced me that the plant must be for removed from the genus Arabia, as it now stands ; aud on comparing it with my specimens of Sisymbrium humile, communicated by Professor Ledcbour, from the Altai, I iind them in every respect to correspond; and the two varieties of our North American Travellers precisely ujjrea with the a. aud A. of that excellent Botanist \ 8. S. arabidoides; annuum, foliis radicalibus lyrnto-pinnutifik. subliirsutis, cauliiiis lincar- ibus intcgerrimis cauleque crecto rainoso glaberriinis, siliquis crcctis liticaribus strictis pedicello duplo longioribus. (Tab. XXI.) — Arabis iyrutn. J.iiin. Sp. PI. p. 929. Ptirsh, Fl. Am. V. 2. p. 437. De Cand. Prodr. v. \. p. HC. Itich. in Pmnhl. \st Joum. erf. 2. App, p. 26. — (Tliese syns. to be expunged from A. jwlrcen, p. 42 of tliis work.) Radix parva, annua, subfusiformis. Caules erecti, spithanuei et ultra, sulitarii, vel plurimi ex eadem radice, glabri, subgkiuci, flexuosi, ramosi. Folia radicalia unciara duas tres uncias longa, in rosulam cxpansa, lyrato- pinnatifida, lobis brevibus inferioribus acutis, parce pilosa. Caulina liuearia, subuncinm longa, integerrima, omnia magis minusve infeme in petiolum attenuata. Pedicelli lloris longitudiuv, glabcrrimi. Calyx omnino glaber, fuliolis ovatis. Petala oblongOH>bovata, calyve plusquam diiplo loiigiura, alba vel purpurus- centia. Siliqua sesquiunciam fere ad duas uncias longa, pedicello duplo longior, erecta, stricta, anguste linearis, stylo brevi teiminata. Stigma parvum, capitatum. Semina uniscrialia, ovalia, rufo-fusca. Cotyle- dones incumbentes. Hab. Common on the banks of rivers, from Canada to lat. C8°, and in dry or waste places. Dr. Richardson. — Numerous specimens of this plant are in Dr. Uichardson's collection, with flowers and fruit. At first I had referred it to what I then considered a variety of A. pctrtea, the A. lyrata of Linn. In this opinion I feel almost sure I am correct, and hence I have adopted that synonym above. But the cotyledons are decidedly incumbent, and the root is annual. Besides these important characters, by which our plant may be known from A. petraia, I find its pods to be more upright, longer, and straightcr, especially when perfect. In other respects, particularly in the form of its leaves, and the size and appearance of its flowers, the two are almost identical. Linnieus well observes of his Arabis lyrata, " Statura et habitus A. thaliana, preeter quod folia radicalia lyrata, glabra et flores majores." And Arabis thaliana is equally a Sisymbrium having incumbent co(yfe(/on«.— Whether or not the Arobis ambigua of De CandoUe, and Chamisso, and Jl"*! 64 CBUCIFER^. [£fpwnunt Sohlechtendal should be referred hither, ai I rather suspect, I do not possess suflBcient materials to decide :— it is said to have a biennial root. Tad. XXI. P\aat:— natural size. Fig. 1, Flower; Jiff. 2, Petal; ^ff. 3, Stamen; /ig. 4, Pod; Jig. 5, Seed ; Jig. 6, Embryo ; ^g. 7, Section of the seed •.—magnified. 80. ERYSIMUM. Linn. Siliqua tetragona. Calyx clausus. Cotykdones plante, oblongte. DC. * Erysimastrum. Stylus brevis vix uUua. SUiqua tetraffona. Calyx deciduus. Folia nee cordata, nee amplexicaulia. Flores distinete pedieellati. 1. E. cheiranthoides ; scabriusculum, pube minutissinia tripartita, foliis lanceolatis sub- (lenticulatis viridibus, siliquis erecto-patulis pedicello duplo longioribus, stigmate parvo. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 923. Jacq. Austr. v. 1. t. 23. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 436. De Cand. Prodr. V. I. p. 198. Rich, in Franhl. 1st Joum. ed. 2. p. 27. /3. ramis elongatis folia multo minora gerentibus. d. caulibus simplicibus. Had. Throughout Canada, and in all the plains westward of the Rocky Mountains, to lat. 67° on the Mackenzie. North-West Coast, lat. 47'', 48°. Douglas. Scouler. — This plant is liable to much variation in its general appearance, depending probably mainly on age and situation. The first year's plant, for it ap- pears to be biennial, would seem to have quite simple stems. In the more usual state, it is much branched, the branches rather short, and bearing leaves not much smaller than those of the stem : whereas, in my var. /}., the branches are virgate, and clothed frith small narrow leaves. 2. F. lanceolatum ; pube bipartita nppressa ubique incanum asperum, cnule subsimplici, foliis lineari-lanceolatis inferioribus plerumque dentatis, unguibus calyce longioribus, sili- quis longis erectis, stigmate emarginato. — Br, in Hort. Kew. ed. 2. v. 4. p. 1 16. De Cand. Prodr. V. 1. p. 199. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaa, v. 1. p. 29. — Cheiranthus erysimoides. Linn. — Jacq. Austr. v. 1. 1. 74. — an E. virgatum? Roth. — De Cand. Had. From Canada to the shores of the Arctic Sea, and to the Pacific. — This entirely agrees with my European specimens of E. lanceolatum, and also with the figure above quoted in Jacquin ; but the leaves are not generally so hoary, nor are the flowers quite so large. Its narrow, more pubescent leaves, shorter pods, and large flowers distinguish this from the simple stemmed varieties of the preceding ; its smaller flowers, less hoary foliage, and upright and shorter pods from tlie following. Cotyledons certainly incumbent. 3. E. {potius Cheiranthus) asperum ; pube bipartita appressa ubique incanum asperum, cnule simplici, foliis lineari-lanceolatis integris, radicalibus runcinato-dentatis, unguibus calyce longioribus, siliquis longis patentibus, stigmate bilobo. (Tab. XXII.) — De Cand. Prodr. V. 1. p. 199. — Clieiranthus asper. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 69. (non Cham.) Torrey in PI. o/R. M. Ann. of Lye. ofN. Y. p. 166. Had. About Carlton House on the Saskatchewan, lat. C5°. Dr. Richardson. Barren grounds of the Columbia, from the Great Falls upwards. Douglas. — This is a very handsome species, with flowers, as Mr. Nuttall observes, of a bright yellow colour, reserobliug those of Cheiranthus Cheiri, and almost equally fra- ;rrant. The pods are three inches long, patent, wavy before they are quite ripe. The great size of the petals, and longer and spreading pods distinguish this from E. lanceolatum, to which, in other respects, it is wry similar. It seems to have been originally detected by Mr. Bradbury on the banks of the Missouri, at a ■listance of 1 100 miles from its mouth. — I possess that traveller's original specimens, named by Mr. Nuttall, Is to deoide :•— , Pod; Jiff, 5, Braga,] CRUCIFERjE. 65 , Folia nee '% :eolatis sub- ■■'1 ite parvo. — . De Cand. 1 ,- ^'b ■ ■'T> rt. 67° on the ,r ■? luch variation ■ '-'■•{ ant, for it ap- t ''M uch branched, \ rM as, in my var. ^. subsiniplici, 1 oribus, sili- ■■■; 1. De Cand. 'i jrysimoides. ^ees with my _| but the leaves fM eaves, shorter "-.J? nailer flotvers. 4 unbent. tn asperum, 3 s, unguibus —De Cand. 3 tm.) Torrey '1 rounds of the 1 owers, as Mr. 't 8t equally fra- at size of the ,i,j^ respects, it is "/^ Missouri, at a V'fJM| GenaeuiJi!/. the ovules, or patens. Pet- unifoliisque ^oy. App. p. on; extending ya, that, with- cribed it, both le, in part from 11*8, uuioh are lus. — Br. in nplaria tria in cuhtre embry- incompleto. ms maxinw. \inum funi- Onai.] CRUCIFERS. m 1. E, Edwardaii; siliculis lanceolatis, dissepimento obliterato, foliis ovato-lanceolatis longe pctiolatis. — Br. in Parry's !«/ Voy. App. p. cclxvii. t. a. Hook, in Parr^i 2rf Voy. App. p. 388. Hab. An tic Sea-shore and Islands : first found in Melville Island by Mr. Edwards and other officers of Captain Hois's Expedition. Coast, eastward of the Coppermine River. Dr. JiicharfJson.—'Ihe admir- able description i nd the inimitable figures of this plant, given by Mr. Brown in the Appendix to Captain Parry's First Voyage, leave nothing for me to notice, save that the fructified specimens gomodmes attain, if they do not exceed, a foot in length. 2. E. arenicola ; siliculis lato-linearibus, dissepimento completo, foliis obovato-spathu- latis. (Tab. XXIV.)— Richardson's MSS. Radix peronnis, fusiformis, iuferne fibrosa, superne swpe multicaulis. Caulea plerumque breves, sed non roro iunovntionibus elongati, ad apicem dense foliati. Folia in rosulam expanse, obovata, longe petiolata, subcarnosa, glabra, integerrima vel parce deutata, viridia vel purpurascentia, petiolis sabunciam longis, basi dilatatis, roorobranacois. Scapi digitales, foliosi, foliis subsessilibus obovatis, plerumque integerrimis. Flares in corymbo parvo dispositi. Cali/x e foliolis 4, basi wqualibus, crectis, late ovalibus, obtusis, glaberrimis, sub- viridi-purpureis. Corolla : Petala obovata in petiolum attenuate, alba, calyce duplo longiora. Stamina 6. Filamenta filiformia, alba : Anthera; parvw, subrotundie, didymw, flavie. SiUqvai abbreviato), seu siliadtB 6-8 lineas longie, in racemum dispositie, pedicello vix duplo longiores, brevissimo stipitatie, lato-lineares, ancipiti- subcompressce, viridi-fuscie, stigmato subcapitato fere sessili termiuatse. Valva; sub lente obscure reticulatim venosiB, dorso carinata;, uninerves. Dissepimentum completum, membranaceum, album, nonnunquam (non semper) liuea media obscura longitudinali notatum. Semina numerosa, IG-SJO singulo loculo, subovalia, pallide rufo-fusca, immargiunta. Podospermum breve, graoile. Embryo luteus. Colyledones plano-com- pressie, paululum canaliculata;, incumbeutes, Hab. Deep sand upon the shores of Arctic America, between long. 107° and 150°. Dr. Richardson. Capt. Sir John FrarMin and Capt, Back. — This has so entirely the habit of Eutrema Edwardsii, that, not- withstanding the absence of Mr. Brown's most essential character of that genus, namely the incomplete dissepiment, I cannot hesitate about referring it there. From its place of growth, in deep and moving sand, the stems, which are naturally short, present a singular appearance. In the specimen here figured, for example, the stems are remarkably elongated, and exhibit innovations of four years' growth; each year's shoots having been covered with sand, the succeeding shoots were elongated that the leaves and flower-stalks might rise to the surface. The stalks which produce flowers I consider to be scapes, because, though bearing several leaves, they die down to the root-stems annually. Tab. XXIV. V\mt:— natural size. Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Petal; fig. 3, Stamens; fig. 4, Pistil; fig. 5, Siliqua; fig. 6, Section of do.; fig. 7, Do. with a valve removed; fig. 8, Section of a valve; fig. 9, Seed; yfjjT. 10, Embryo; ^y. 11, Section of the embryo :—»n«<7n{/fcd. 25. OREAS. Cham, el Schlechl. Cat. bnsi oeqiinlis, laxus. Pet. integrn, unguiculata, cuqualia. Filamenta oequalia, eden- tula. Stylus brevissimus, stigmate capitato. Silicula lanceolata, compressa, unilocularis, septo nuUo, valvis planiusculis, nervo medio notatis. Semina plura, ovoidea, funiculis umbilicalibus elongatis e supera parte nervi placentarii dependentia, cotyledonibus incum- bentibus. Cham, et Schlecht. 1. O. involucrata.—Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnaa, v. I. p. 29. t. 30. « Herba parva, alpina, perennis, habitu Cardamines bellidifoliee. Folia radicalia, petiolata, gUbro, caulina nulla; bractem sub pedicellis confertie, involucrura mentieutes. Flores brevissime racemosi, brac- I S CRUCIFERiE. [Lepidium. tetti, pedicellati, albi, interdum atro-purpureo-reticulati. — Oonui latii diitinotum, defectu diiicpimeiiti, funi- uulU elongntit, glandulurum abieatio, itaminibus lubwqualibug. AflSne Eutremati H. Brown, at uU nobis ▼idotur, tatis ab illo recedens," Hah. Among looie stones, on tlio high alpine mountains of the Island of Uualuschka. Chammo, ao. PLATYSPERMUM. Nov. Gen. Silicula ovalis, dorso coniprcssa, piano, stigiimtc sessili. Semina pnuca, lutissitne iiiar- ginata. Coii/ledoncn incuinbcntcs. — Herbiu parva, annucB. Folia rmlicalia, Scnpi numerosi, uniflori. I. P. scapigcnim. (Tab. XVIII. B.) Radix annua, parva, subfusiformia, parco tibrosa. Folia omnia radicalia, patcntia, subruncinato-pinnatilida, lobis plerumquc acutis, inferne scnsim niinoribus, in pctiolum attenuata, subcurnosa, glabra. Scapi plurimi ex eadem radice, digitaleH, crccti, gimpliues, glaberrimi, semper unillori. I'loa parvus, errctux. Cal. e sepalis ijuatuor ovalilius, convavis, ginbris. Petala oblongo-obovnta, alba, vix unguiciilatu, calyi'o paulo Ion- giora. ..S7U//J. -f, tetradynama : i-'i/awrn^a tililbrmia, edcntula : yLiMerrc parvu>, subrotundutu', llavu>. Pialil- liim: Germen cllipticum, tercti-compresHum, stigmato bilobo tcrminatum. Hiliciila cxacto ovalis, gcssilil, plano-compressa, bilocularis; dinsvpimciito t.'umpleto; loculis Kubtetruspcrmis. Simina (vix mntura) subro- tuuda, parva, roargiue menibranuceo, ulbo, latiusimo ciucta. Podospermum lougiusculum, grucilc. Embryo: Cotyledunes plauo-couvcxH>, iucunibentos. Hab. Moist rocks ond in shalluw soil at the Oreot Falls of the Columbia. Douglas. Fl. March, April.— This highly interesting plant raunot be compared with any genus with which I am acquainted. The general appearance of its silicula is indeed similar to that ofDraba; but the serris and embryo are widely different, while the siuglc-tlowered scapes are, as fur ns I know, an anomaly among Cruciferous plants. Tab. XVIII. B. Plant :—«nft/rn/ «i>f. Fit;. I, Flower; fg. 2, Petal; Jig. 3, Stamen; Jg. 4, Pistil; Jig. a, iSilicuht; Jig. 0, Do. with a valve partially removed ; Jig. 7, Seed ; Jig. 8, Embryo : — magnijied. Trib. VI. Lepidine.e, sen Notorliizcic Angiistiscplu.'. Silicula septo angmtissimo, valvis carinatis aut valile roncavis. Semina in loculis soliluria nut jmuca, ovata, immaryiiMta. CotyledoncH plana incumbentcs {nLsi in Lepidiix (piibusdam,) septo parallela. LC. 27. LEPIDIUM. Linn. Silicula ovata aut subcortlnta, valvis carinatis aut rarius ventricosia, dehiscentibus, loculis l-s])crmis. Semina subtriquetra aut conipressa. (Cotyledones nonnunquuni accum- bentes.) — Flores alln. DC, 1. L. ruderale; floribus diandris apetalis, foiiis radicalibus caulinis pinnatifidis incisisve rameis linearibus integcrriinis, slliculis (parvis) luto-ovolibus eniarginatis patcntibus, coty- ledonibus incunibentibus. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 898. Engl. Bot.t. 1395. De Cand, Prodr. v, 1. p. 205. Ilich. in Frankl. \st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 27. IIau. From Hudson's Bay to the Pacific, and from hit. 50° to 68°; iu waste places. Dr. Richardson; Drummond; Scouler; Douglas. — The leaves, even the lower ones, are more incised than piuuutifid, in which respect alone they differ from the Engl. Bot. %ure, and from that in Fl. Dan. t. 184. iSlems upright, a foot high, much branched. Petals none. Siliculoe small. Cotyledons decidedly incumbent. 2. L. Menziesii; floribus diandris apetalis, foiiis radicalibus bipinnatifidis, caulinis rameisque plurimis pinnatifidis, supremis linearibus integerrimis. m. [Lepidium, Mepimenti, funi- VII, Ht uU nobis 'hammo. atissime mur- alia. Scnpi nato-pinnatifida, ticapi plurimi rcctiin. C'al. e alyr'o paulo Ion- , llttva-. i^ii»/i7. ovnlis, scHilis, inutura) subro- cilc. Endiryo: March, April.— I. The general ideljr different, 4, Pistil; Ji,j. ynijieil. ssiino, valvis mmarffinala. Iiiscentibus, iiuni accum- dis incisisve itibus, coty- Prodr. V. 1. Richardson ; tilid, ill which pright, a foot is, caulinis Thj/tanocarput.] CRUCIFERiE. 6» m m. foliis rndicniibus hispidis. De Cand. Sy»t. Veget. v. 2. p. 539, Prodr. v. 1. p. 205. fi. foliis radicalibus pubcscentibus. Hah. a. Cnllfoniia. Mr. Meiuka. H. Upon the eastern declivity of the Rooky Mountain*, lat. 59", M". J)rummontl.—TW\» hot the pinuatitid tteni'leavei of the Britiih L. ruderale ; but the radical leaven are bipin- natitid, and in «. remarkably hiapid. De Caiidolle asaimilate* it to L. virgmicuiii, which again leads me to think tliat he has confounded that plant with the more frequent ruderale, to which the present is, I fear, too closely allied. Cotyledoiu decidedly incumbent, 3. //. virginimm ; floribus 2-3-nndris tetrnpctnlis, foliis cnulinis lincnri-lanceolatis iii- ciso-scrratis, siliculis uvnli-orbicularibus (mnjusculis) emnrginntis patentibus, cotylcduiii- bus nccuinbeiitibus. Linn. Sp. PI, p. 900. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 27. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 435. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. UO.— L. Iberis. Schhuhr, Handb. v. 2. t. 180. Had. Canada ? — I have not, it must be confessed, any Britisii American specimens of this plant : nor can I aver that it is a native of tliat country : but as I possess it from the New England States, I can scarcely doubt but it exists in Upper Canada, All that I have yet received from Canada, as L. virginicum, prove, however, to bo L. ruderale ; to which, indeed, this plant bears so close a resemblance, that, without an ex- amination of tlie embryo, they can scarcely bo distinguished. In the present species, the cotyledons are truly accumbent, ns represented by Schkuhr. Hence De Caudolle has probal)ly confounded the L. ruderale with it, for ho (fescribes the cotyledons as incumbent. The flowers are extremely small, and bear petals. The silicula are larger, and perhaps more nearly orbicular, and the plant is less profusely branched, 28. CAPSELLA. Vent. Silicula triangularis basi cuneata, vulvis iiavicularibus aptcris, loculis polysperniis. Coti/kdoncs incuinbentes. 1. C. Bursa- Pastorin.—" Manch, Meth.2'1\:' Dc Cand. Prodr. v. \. p. 177.- Thlaspi Bursa- Pustoris. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 435. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 141. Engl. Bot. t. 1485. Had. Frequent to the eastward of the Rocky Mountains, extending as for north as the Great Bear Lake, or nearly to the Arctic Circle. Dr. llichardson ; Dnimmond; Douglas. Newfoundland. Mr. Cormach. Trid. VII. IsATiDEiE, seu Notorhizco; Nucoincntacea;. Silicula valvia indistinctis aul inde- his'centibus cariiiatis, scpto evanido, l-locularis, l-sperma. Semina ovato-oblonga. Coty- ledones plana, incundtentes, septo {si adesset) verosimiliter paralklce. DC, 29. THYSAN0CAUPU8. Nov. Gen. Silicula obovato, plano-convexa, undique Intissime inarginato-alata, apice etnarginata, uniloculuris, evnivis, monosperma. Semen late obovatuin, pendulum. Itadicula insertione dorsalis, obliqua et ad margincs cotyledonum applicata. — Flores parvi, albi, racemosi. Siliculaj pendula. — Genus Tauscberio; affinis. An vere distinctum ? 1. T. curvipes. (Tab. XVIII. A.) Radix parvo, annua, subfusiformis. Caulis solitarius, plerumque ramosus, erectus, 6-8-pollicaris ad pedalero, parce foliosus, inferne subpilosus. Folia plerumque radicalia, patentia, duas uncias longa, pinnati- fida, hirsuto-scabra, laciuiis brevibus, obtusis, basi attenuate. Caulina remota, lineari-oblouga, basi latiora, subsagittata, superiora sensim minora. Flores racemosi, parvi, ramos terminantes. Pedicelli floribus paulu- lum longiores, graciles, glaberrimi, patentes, demum, fructiferi, insigniter deflexi ec elongati. Calyx: sepala tequalia, ovalia, convcxa, glabra, crecto-patula. Petala minuta, lineari-oblonga, basi attenuata, Integra, alba, sepalis breviora. Stamina 6, tetradynama : Filamenta filiformia, edentula : Anthera subglobosie. Germen 70 CAPPARIDBiC:. [C/«OM«. breviMlme itlpiUtum, oboTntuia, plano-oonpreHum, latiwiuUTTinktani, aUtum, spice emarKinktum, stylo iulNi>f|ue lonifo, dpmum, iit videtiir, deciduo tenniiiatuni. Stigma ubtuium, parviira, SUiciila dep«n- deni, foniM et atructuni fero omiiiiio (fenninii, led Pityloia, nouvexo-plana, iitriiii|iio Nubrutii;uluta, vix aninervii, unilocularii, evalviii. Semm solitarium, paulo iiifro apiccm, lubliUeraliter iiiacrtum, pendvnii, lato-obovatiim, comprFuum, fiiwuro. Kmhryo flaviiii. CotyMnne» iuborbiciilata>, plan(M;onvex(i< : Hailicula lubirquo lon|fn, iniertiono «videntiiiimo doraalia, ted obliqiia ct venuH marginn cotylodonum iiicumbuna. IIab. On moitt gfroiind, near tlio Oreat FbIIm of tho Columbia. Fl. April, May. Douglas.— \ long heiitatpd whether or not I ihould unite thia intereitinff plant with tho ^m»i» Tausr/ierin of Dr. Fiiieher, with which it lufBciently accord* in habit, and, in many reapevtii, in tho oinKubtr structure of the need-veHsel. In both the Hpecief of Taiucheria, however, of which I have excellent itpocimeni from Dr. Fiacher and Frofes- •or Lcdebour, the silinila in truly cymbiform, the margin in curved inwarda, and tho extremity, inatead of being broad and notched, ai in Thynwutcarpus, ia narrow and elongated into a beak, like tho narrow prow of a veaael. Ita perfect embryo I have not been able to examine : but in our plant, thia baa alwaya ita radicle iuaerted at the back of one of tho cotyledons, and then inclinca obliquely, ao that tho greater part of ita length is applied to tho edge or margin of tho mtyledous. In tho tigure hero given, tho seed did not occupy the whole of tho cavity of the cell, as was the case with more fully ripe capsulca, given to m« by Mr. Douglas aAer the platn was engraved, and wiiicli, I bolievo,weroproduc«d by plants cultivated in the Uarden of tho Horticultural Society. Tah. XVIII. A. Thi/sanocarpus airvipes : and a fnictifled extremity of a plant: — natural the. Fig. I, Flower; Jig. )i. Stamens; Jig. '.i, Sepal; Jig. \, Petal; Jig. :>, Side view of a gernien; Jig. (I, Froiit view of do. ; Jig. 7, Siliuula ; Jig. N, Tho same, cut through tninaversely ; Jig. !), Silicula, from which a portion is removed to show the situation of tho seed ; Jig. II), Embryo, showing the inaertion and direction of the radicle ; Jig. 1 1, Section of do. ; Jig. I 'i, F.robryo, seen from the opposite side : — more or less magnified. •44 m Onn. X. CAPPAUIDEJ:. Jim. Trib. I. Ci.EOME*. FructiLs vere capsularii, valvis .vibmemfiranaceis dehiscentihuH, — HerbfB aut siiffriUices, foliiH sape compositi>i, pube urepe ylandulwa. DC. 1. CLEOME. Liiih. Cal. 4~sepalus, patens (vcl crectus) subii'ciuaiis. Pet. 4. Toms subliemispliiuricus. Stam, 6, rarius 4. Silitjiia deliisccns, in calyce stipitata aut scssilis. DC. I. C. lutea ; hcrbacca glnbriuscula, toro parvo, tliccaphoro clongato, foliis quinquc- foliolatis, fuliolis lanceolatis acutis, siliqua lanceolata stylo acuminata glabra stipitis iongiiudine. (Taii. XXV.) Radix parva, descendcna, annua vix fibrosa. Caulis erectus, spithama>u8 vel etiam pedalis, erectus, teres, foliosus, simplex vel ramosua, glaber. Uami erecto-patentes. Folia longe petiolata, quinquefolio- lata; foliolis unciam Be8<|uiunciani longia, hmceolatia, acutis, nonnunquam mucronulatis, infcrue in petiolulum brevissiraum attenuatia, glabris vel pilia roinutia aparsis pubcscentibua. J'ttiuliis foliis plrrumciue longior, gracilis, glaber. Folia Jloralia, vel bractrpiuL>ricus, IIS qiiiiu|uc- iibrn stipitis idalls, crectiu, , quinqiiefolio- ' in petiolulum imipiu longior, 'orynibiim tcr- Cali/j: parvus tin. Corolla ; ibheniiaphwri- t breviora, au- geriuiuo .'i>plo iupio brevius, 'iopenittente Hthanlhrtmim.] CI8TINE/B. ft Semina tarminatn, long* itipitata. Thtcaphorum e toro minuto calyo* corolU<|ue pcnktentibui tauto. numaroM, plurima ubortira, obovatu, iubrpniformla, depaudtmlia, fufca. Had. ('(immoii in North-Went America; on the bank) of the Columbia; and in tha Talliei of the Blue Mountuini, tparinglyi and ai fur an to the Hooky Moiiiitaiiiii. Fl. June to Aiiguit. Douglai. — Thii \n quite a distinct apeclM f^om any Cleomr hitherto deicribed, and remarkable, in the dried ttate at leaat, for the deep yellow colour of it* petal*, which are almoiit iieuile. Tlie leaflet* are imall, quiuate, very linuiar to thoie of Mome of the mnallcr iipvoia* of Lupinut, Thi* plant ha* beou cultivated in the Oarden* of the Horticultural Society nt Cbliiwiok. Tail XXV. Cleome lulea:— natural Mite, Fig, I, Flower; /lg,2, Petal; Jig. 3, Longer itamon ; Jig. i, Shortvr do. ; Jig. A, Piatil, with it* (talk or thecAphorum ; Jig. (i, Pod, with it* thecaphorum ariiing from the torim, and lurroiinded by the perailtent floral covering* ; Jig. 7, Pod, opened ; Jig. 8, 8eod ; Jig. 0, Flower-bud : — more or le** magnified, 2. POLANISIA. n({fin. Cal. 4-sepalus, patens. Pet, 4. Slam, 8-32. Torwt parvus. Siitqua in culycc scssilis aut vix stipitatn, stylo distiiicto tcrniinata. — Hcrba habitu Cleomis {DC.) I. P. graveolena; glanduloso-pilosa, tbiiis trirollulutis, foliolis oblongo-ellipticis, stamini- bus sub-ll, siliquis late lineari-lanccolatis muricuto-glamlulosis. " Ilqfitt. Jouni, Phya. (tout, 1819. p. 98." De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 242.— Cleome dodecniulro. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 32. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 441. liigel. Fl, Bost. ed. 2. p. 254. (not Linn.) Annua. Radix parva, subfusiformi-fibrosa. Caulis gpithanuDUS et ultra, erectus, floxuosua, ramotu*, ut et fere tota planta magi* minuavo glanduloso-pilosu*, subviacoBUs, fwtidu*. Eami crectp-patoutc*. Folia petiolata, trifoliolata, folioli* iinciam geaquiunciam longia, oblongo-ellipticia, integerrimin, basi attenuatia: Petioli glanduloai, folio vix longiorcg. Folia suprema vcl bractetr, aimplicio, lanccolata, breve petiolata. Florea terminalcg, numer08a>, coryniboso-racemoai. Pedicflli unciam longi, gracilus, pubeacente*. Cal. e foliolia 4, aubpatuntibua, wqualibua, oblongo-lanceolatia, acutig, purpuroia, dorao glanduloao. Petala pallida gulphurea, fere albida, calyce dupio longiora, looge unguiciilata, ungue exgerto, limbo late ovato, profunda emarginato. Stam. aubuudecim, aurgum curvata, petalig paululum longiora, baai solummodo monadelpha, hino uniglandulosa, glandula majuacula, «ubtetragona, carnoaa, Filamenta fliiformia, purpurea, glabra. An- Ihercp oblongap, llavo>, biloculareg, aiccitate curvatw. IHitillum : Oennen lineare. Slylo tilifurmi, purpureo, dupIo longiug, pubegceuti-gUnduloaum. Fructus: Siliqua ges<|uiunciam fere ad dua* uncia* longa, lineari- lanceolata, acuta, teres, inferne in stipito brevi attenunta, ubiquo pilig vol aculei* brevibug, moUibiu, glandu- logo-viscidig tecta, gtylo demum deciduo terminaia, unilocularig. Semina numeroaa, fugca. Hab. Lake Champlain. Dr. Bigelow. About Montreal. Mr. Cleghom. — This very pretty species, rendered particularly elegant by the purple hue of its calyx and the pale sulphur colour of its notched petals, does not seem to be by any means general even in the United States, I have received it only from my friend Dr. Torrey, who gathered it at West Point, near New York, and Mr. Nuttall states it to be an inhabitant of the sandy shores of Lake Erie, and the margins of the Mississippi and the Missouri. Dr. Bigelow gives it as an inhabitant of Lake Champlain, which station I have here introduced, from a persuasion that it must grow on the Canadian as well as on the opposite side of the Lake, since I possess specimens from near Montreal, which is quite in its vicinity. Ord. XI. CISTINE^E. Juss. 1. HELIANTHEMUM. Toum, CcU. 3-sepalus, sepalis aequalibus, vel 5-scpalus, scpnlis duplici serie dispositis, 3 ex- ternis saepe minoribus, rare tnajoribus. Pet. 5, siepe apice irregulariter denticulata. 72 CISTINEiE. [Lechea. % I fi Stigma capitatum. Stylus nunc subnuUus, nunc rectus, nunc obliquus, nunc basi flexus. Ovarium triquetrum. Capsula 3-valvis, valvis medio septi aut seminiferis. Semitia angu- lata, glabra. Albumen farinosum. Embryo uncinato-inflexus. DC. 1. H.canadense; {Sect Lecheoides;) exstipulata, caule erecto vel ascendente suffruti- coso ramoso pubescente, foliis oblongis pubescenti-hirsutis sublus incano-tomentosis inargine revolutis, calycibus hirsutis, staminibus sub-20, floribus serotinis apetalis capsul- isque reliquis 5-plo niinoribus. — Mich. Am. v, 1. p. 308. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 263. Sweet, Cistin. t. 21. De Cand. Prodr. v. \.p. 269.— Cistus canadensis. JVilld. — Biffel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 47. — Lcchea major. Litin. Aman. Acad. v. 3. p. 11. (cxcl. fig.) according to Smith. Had. Cannda. 3Iichaux. — Few persons on scciug uu early shoot of this, with its few terminal flowers, having large hniry calyces, ample yellow petals, and capsules lialf-an-incli broud, would take it fur the same plant as it appears at an after period, throwing out many branches from above, these again bearing leafy race- mes, with numerous axillary small flowers and shortly downy calyces, without petals, and capsules not larger than n moderately si/cd pin's head. Yet such is the case, aud the plant then looks so much like a Lechea, that it has probably been described as such : indeed, certainly so, according to Smith, by Linnieus. iScme- times the whole plant bears only such small flowers ; at other times, as in specimens given me by Dr. Boott, from the neighbourhood of Boston, the lower part has a few large lateral capsules, while all the branches above produce the small ones in question. Dr. UIgelow observes of this plant, that at the boginniug of frosts the bark cracks and rolls backwards, at which time the fragments arc found connected by a mass of fibrous, icy crystals, and Mr. Eaton, in his useful Manual of Botany, remarks, that at the foot of the Pine-rock, New-Haven, in November and December, I81(i, he has seen hundreds of thi>st> plants sending out broad, thin, curved ice crystals, about an incli in breadth, from near the roots. These were melted away by day, and renewed every morning, for more than twenty days in succession. a. LECHEA. Linn. Cal. 3-sepaliis, bractcis sepnlisve dnobus exterioribus stipatus. Pet, 3, lanceolata. Stam. 3-12, srcpius nunicro teniiuia. Ovarium 1, subuigomuii. Stigmata 3, vix distincta. Co/>.s«/a 3-valvis, valvis medio septi aut nerviferls; se.mina septo nervove adfixa, puiicis- sinia, sii'pius 8 ; albiamn ciwnoaum. 7v'W>n/o dorsalis rcctiuscuiiis, radicula iiifL'ra, coty- ledonibus ovato-oblongis. — HerbiK horeali-AmericancB incomptw, JtorHmn numerosis, pams, ramis injimis a floriferis sfrpc diversis. 1. Li. vitlosa; raniis radicalibus prostratis villusis, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis niucronatis pilosis, panicula brevi foliosa, floribus liisciculato-fibrosis secundis brevissinic pei!iceilatis, caule erecto. — Elliott, Carol, v, \. p. 181. De Cand, Prodr, r, I, p. 28."). — L. major. Mich, Am,v. I. p. 76. {non Li?in.) Pursh, Fl.Am.r. 1. ;;. 90. Bigil, Fl. Bost. cd. 2. p. 46. Torreg in Fl.o/Mid. Un, Si. v. \.p. 160.— L. mine.-. Linn, et Sm. in Ikes' Cycl.—Lam. 111. t, 52./. 2. Hab. Canada. Kalm; Pursh. — !»ir James I''. Smith had long ago, in llees' Cyclopedia, recommended the abolishing the name Lechen ina/or ; Linnti'us' original specimen, (which he afterwards confounded with other things,) being our Ileliaiit/irmum canmlense ; but it appears that the plant so culled by Micliaux, Pursh, and Bigelow, is a true Lrrhen ; hence, to avoid confusion, Mr. Elliott, the estimable author of the Flora of l^arolina aud Oeorgiu, hus given to the latter the name of viltom, which has been adopted by Nuttall and De Candolle. It is the tallest and broadest-leuved nf th(> genas, and, in most instances, the leaves are elliptical, and not nnfretpiently ternately or quaternately whorlcd, those of the radical shoots and lesser branches of the stem being the smallest. 2. L. miliar; ramis radicalibus prostratis viliosis, ibliis linearibus seu lineari-lancco- [Lechta. Viola.] VIOLARIEA 73 latis appresso-villosis, paniculis foliosis elongatis, floribus breviter pedicellatis, caule erecto. — Ptirsh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 91. (non Linn.) De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 285. — Lam. III. t. 52. / 1.? Torrey in Fl. of Mid. Un. St. v. 1. p. 161. Had. Oravolly hiiiii, Canada. Pursh. North side of Lake Winipegf. Drummond. — Only one specimen of this exists in the collections of our Arctic Travellers; and it has the root-shoots perfect, but the stem and branches have lost all their leaves, and bear only a panicle of ripe capsules. It would hence appear y!._. the upright and flowering branches die down in the autumn ; and that our Travellers in passing through the country of this plant, were eitlier too early or too late to meet with it in perfection. It is frequent in the New England States, and iu all probability too in Upper Canada. Lechea racemulosa Dr. Boott finds in similar situations near Boston, United States ; but except in its larger growth, and in having some of the stem-leaves broader, I can scarcely distinguish it from L. minor; an opinion in which I am happy to be confirmed by Dr. Torrey. The two remaining American species of this genus, L. thj/mifolia, Mich., and L. tenuifolia of the same author, are confined to the more southern of the United JStates. 3. HUDSONIA. Linn. Cal. 5-partitus, segmentis inaequalibus, 2 exterioribus rninutis. Pet. 5. Stam. 9-30. Stylus rectus, simplex. Stigma simplex. Caps. 1-locularis, 3-vaivis, 1-3-sperma. Semina granulata. Embryo in albumine corneo immersus. — Suft'rutices parvi, subcaspiiosi. Folia parva, exstipidata. 1. H. tomentosa; caespitosa canescente-pilosa, foliis lato-linearibus acutis arete 'i ibrica- tis, floribus subsessilibus solitariis vel aggregatis, segmentis calycinis obtusis, capsoiv mono- sperma. — Niitt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 5. Bigel. Fl. Host. ed. 2. p. 213. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 285. Sweet, Cist. t. 57. — H. ericoides. llich. in Franhl. \st Joimi. ed. 2. App. p. 18. Hab. Central Canada. From Lake Huron, {Dr. Todd,) to as far north as Slavo Lake, in several places. Dr. llichardson. — This is very different from the true //. cricoides of Linn, which has subulate and less imbricated leaves, and longer peduncles to its flowers. — After flowering, the sepals of our plant become spirally twisted. Ord. XII. VIOLA llIEiE. DC. I. VIOLA. Toum. Calycis sepala intuqualia, omnia plus minus deorsum in appendices auricula3fornies (e dilatationibus nervorum prodeuntes) producta, post antbesin erecta. Pet. ■uu.Hjualia, a3stivatione convolutiva, ungue trinervi; inferius deorsum in cnkar cavuni plus minus productum. Stam. approximata aut coarctata (nee coalila) ad apicem deutium tori pentagoni 5-dentati iuserta. Filamcnta basi dilatata, oblonga vel triangularia, antheras demissius gerentia; lobi antherarum basi divergentes; stamina duo anteriora tlorso appendices varias nectariferas in calcar intrantes gerentia. Ovarium nunc superum, nunc basi toro concavo cinctum et scmiinferuni. Valvidm capsulai elasticoj post maturationem contractu) semina ejicientes ; semina borizontalia nunifeste carunculata, plus minus ovoidea etnltida. Embryo ohlongus, radicula teretiusciiia, co/ylcdoncs Hisinus ollongo-orbiculatce planiusculic radicula vix longiores. — Ilerbu; pkrumque permnes, rarissime anmue, nunc caule brevissimo vel subterraneo, unde acaules dictw, nunc caulescentes vel suffrutices parvi, VOL. I. K u VIOLARIE^. [Vioh. folia altema marcescetitia ; pedunculi solitarii axiUares uniflori 2'bracteolati turn auriculati, apice reflexi ; flores cemui ; folia semioalia oblonga ovatave, petiolata ; primcrdialia op- posita, sed raro coetanea. DC. Obs. In drawing up the account of the present g^enus, I have derived much assistance from the labours of the Rev. Lewis Schweinitz, in the American Journal of Science, from Dr. Torrey in his Flora of the Northern and Middle Sections of the United States, and from Capt. Le Conte in his Observations on the North American species of the genus Viola, published in the 2d vol. of the Ann. of the Lyceum of Nat. Hist, of New York ; as well as from numerous authentic specimens that have been communicated to me by Mr. Schwoinitz, Dr. Torrey, Mr. Nuttall, and Dr. Boott : those of the lattor gentleman from the neighbour- hood of Boston, are particularly valuable, not only in consequence of their great simikrity with the Cana- dian plant, but as serving to illustrate the species of Dr. Bigelow's Florula of Boston. Notwithstanding all these aids, so variable are the individuals of which the genus is composed, that even the authors who have had the best opportunities of <>xamining them in their native stations, have been puzzled to distinguish species from mere varieties ; and, in describing them from dried specimens, the difficulty is infinitely increased. Sect. I. Nomimium. Ging. in DC. Stigma rostratum, foramintdo ad extremitatem rostri sito ; rostrum plus minus recurvum, nunc deorsum margiiuUum et tunc planiusculum et obliquum, fiunc absqtie margine et tunc deorsum convexiusctdum. Stylus ab apice ad basin attenuatus. Stamina oblonga approximata. Torus planiusculns. Capsida scepius trigona. Semina 15-27. Folia seminalia stepe obovata vel oblonga. DC. * Caules subnulli. 1. V. pedata; subpubescens, stigmate incrassato oblique brevirostrato truncato per- forato, foliis niultipartitis, segineiitis linearibus iiiferioribus hiiic piiinatifidis. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 1323. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 151. Pursfi, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 171. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 300. Curt, in Hot. Mag. t. 8J). Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 249. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 291. Schivein. Viol, in Sill. Joum. v. 5. p. 50. Le Conte in Ann. Lye. of N. Y. v. 2. p. 147. — V. (ligitata. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. /;. 171. — V. pliinata. Rick, in Frankl. \st Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 8. Haii. Canada, frequent ; and as fur north as lat. 53° on tlie Saskntvbawan. Dr. Richardson ; Dnim- mond. — Flowers blue, sometimes wliitp, aucordiog to Le Conte j sometimes pale, vith the two upper petals deep rod-puq)le, when it becomes the V. Jtabeltifo/in, Lodd. Bot. Cab, t. 777. — It comes very near the true V. piimata, but the structure of its leaves is diftcrent. 2. V. paimata ; pubesceiis, stiginatu tiiangulaii-inargiiiato, foliis hastiito-cordatis pai- mato-lobatis, lobis anguslis latioribiis(|ue raro exterioribus cordatis indiviols. — Liim, Sp. PI. p. 1323. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 171. Curt. Bot. May. t. 535. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 172. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. ;>. 300. Riyvl. Fl. Host. ed. 2. p. 95.? Tnmy, Fl. of Un. St. v. I. p. 250. Schwein. Viol, in Sill. .Joum. v. 5. p.b\. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. y^ 291. Le Conte in Ann. Lye. of N. Y. v. 2. p. 189. Had. v^auada. Le Conte. — This is allowed by all to bo u very variable species. It is seen with its most distinctive oliaracttrs in Bot. Mag., above quoted. When the leaves are more deeply divided, it bus utliiiity with V. pedata ; but generally they are less dividoil ; the outer ones, and sonictinics the whole of tliem, arc quite entire, when I scarcely know how the species is to lin distinguislied from T. aiadhita. 'tUv same plant too, at different seasons of the year, may possess all these differently formed leaves. Professor Bigelow seems to be of opinion that it is a state of the latter mentioned species. It does not exist in the collections VMa.] VIOLARIEiE. 75 trora the laboucs his Flora of the irvations on the Lyceum of Nat. licated to me by a the noighbouiv r with the Cana- :withgtanding all uthors who have d to distinguish initely increased. mitatem rostri hniusculum et s ab apice ad lapaula sapius ti'uncato per- s. — Linn. Sp. larol. V. 1. p. I. Prodr. V, 1. v. Y. V. 2. p. ikl, I St Joum. ardson; Drum- wo upper petals ry near the true -cordatis pal- s. — Liitn. Sp. . V. 1. p. 172. I. St. V. 1. p. Le Conte in en witli its most il, it )iuK atlinity lolo of tlicm, ari> 'laid. The same rofessor Uigelow u the collections of our North American Trarellers. Le Conte says it is better known by its habit tkan any diaraeter that can be assigned to it. 3. V. asarifolia } stigmate clavato-capitato recurvo immarginato (ScAtreta.), foliiscucul- latis lato-cordatis reniformibus nunc sagittatisve et subpalmatis lobatis omnibus crenato- dentatis in petiolum decurrentibus. — Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 732. (not MuM. Cat.) Schwein. Viol, in Sill. Joum. v. 5. p. 54. Elliott, Carol, v. \. p. 299. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 292. Le Conte in Ann. Lye. of N. Y. v. 2. p. 141. — An V. congener, Le Conte, I. c. p. 140. ? H-tn. Canada. Le Conte. — Much confusion exists with regard to the present species. Pursh is the original authority for it, and Le Conte cites the plant of Pursh as a native of Canada. The only specimens which I have had the opportunity of seeing are from Mr. Schweinitz, having entire cordate leaves, and vary- ing in their general aspect scarcely at all from V. cucullata. It is it which Le Conte brings as a synonym to his V. congener, a species scarcely differing, according to his own description, from V. cucullata, and to which Nuttall is disposed to refer the V. asarifolia of Pursh. H 4. V. cucullata ; stigmate triangulari-marginato, foliis cordatis acutis glabriusculis ser- ratis junioribus prsecipue basi cucuUatis, rhizomate cai'noso crasso, petalis oblique flexis, calcare brevissimo. — Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. p. 288. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 173. Elliott, Carol. V. \.p. 298. (non Schwein. ?) De Cand. Prodr. v.\.p. 292. Sims in Bat. Mag. t. 1795. Torrey, Fl. ofUn. St. v. 1. p. 251. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 97. Le Conte in Ann. Lye. ofN. Y. V. 2. p. 137. — V. obliqua. Ait. Pursh, Schwein. Torrey. — V. papilionacea. Pursh. — V. affinis. Le Conte, I. c. p. 138. fet tunc V. cucullata, Schwein.) — V. sororia* of Pursh, ac- cording to Le Conte. /3. minor ; foliis vix riUciam longis, petalis subimberbibus. Had. Throughout Canada; Lady Dalhousie and Dr. Todd; and as for north as the Mackenzie River and Bear Lake. Dr. Richardson; Drummond. Newfoundland. Mr. Morrison. 0. Marshes in the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. — The flowers are large, of a more or less deep purple colour, and with the claws more or less distinctly bearded. The leaves and petioles are uncertain in the degree of pubescence, and the leaves in their length relatively to their breadth. From these circumstances, often varying in the same individual, together with the greater or less width of the calycino leaves, and the length of the peduncles in regard to that of the leaves, many varieties, and not a few species, have been made, by which the difficulty of determining the synonyms is not a little increased. Le Conte refers the V. atcuUata of Schweinitz to his new species V. affinis ; yet says it differs in no distinctive characters, except the shortness of the peduncles and the broader sepals. — Whether or not my var. |3. ought to be distinguished, I am not able to say. It does not differ in the stigma. The leaves are much shorter than the scapes or peduncles, and the blade is scarcely more, and often not so much, as an inch long. The floM'ers, to judge from the dried specimens, are very pRle.K;oloured and almost glabrous. — Mr. Elliott observes that this species is very muciUiginous, and much used by tlio negroes of 8o\ith Carolina and Georgia in their soups. The bruised leaves too are employed as an emollient application. 5. l\ Selhirkii ; stigmate — ? foliis cordatis crenato-serratis pilosiusculis. petalis imber- bibus, calcare subiuque longo crasso obtusissinio. — Goldie in Edin. Phil. Journ. 1822. p. 319. * WlUdenow, in Ilort. Bcrol. t. 72, is the authority for tliis species, and his figure and description entirely accord with our piant, except that the dower i« much imaller : and it is weil known bow liable this part is to vary in almost all our Violtu. K 8 W :« 76 VIOLARIE^. [Viola. ' Radix perenDis, subrepens. Folia plurima ex codem puncto, longe petiolata, subunciam longa. lato-cor- data, basi siiiu profundo bilobata, crenato-serrata, facie supenia pilis sparsis, subtus omnino glabra, pallidiora. Petioli graciles, glabri. Pcdunculi sou scapi foliis vix longiores, medium versus bibracteati, bracteis lanceo- lato-acuminatis, integerrimis. Calycis sepala parva, late ovata, acuta, glabra. Petala caerulea, obovato, UDguiculata, imberbia ; Calcar petalor jm limbo subaique longum, crassum, obtusum, Hab. Hilly ground about Montreal, and only there. Mr. Goldie. — In size and general aspect, this species approaches my var, /3. of V, cucullata, but the clatvs of the petals are beardless, and the spur is vastly longer, forming indeed its most striking characteristic. I have only seen specimens from Mr. Ooldic. He showed them, while in Canada, to Mr. Pursh, who pronounced them to be identical with the V. Selhirkii of his MSS. The V. villosa of Elliott, according to specimens received from Mr. Schweiuitz, comes very near to this, and its spur is often as long. To this villosa Nuttall refers the V. sororia of Willd., whereas Schweiuitz brings it under Nuttall's var. cordifolia of Willd., which again he makes a distinct species. 6. V. ovata ; pubescenti-hirsuta, stigmatc inarginato, foliis oblongo-seu ovnto-cordatis serratis basi nunc grosse serratis \ . ^ jtioluin abrupte attL-nu^'tis, sepalis obtusis, calcare brevi obtuso, petalis duobus distincte barbatis. — Xutt. Gen. Am. v. 1. p. 148. Schwein. Viol, in Sill. Journ. v. 5. p. 58. Torreij, Fl. of Un. St. v. \. p.2!i\. Le Conte in Ann. Lye. of N. Y. V. 2. p. US. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 293. — V. primulo^folia. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 172. (excl. syn. IVilld.) Hab. Canada, {Le. Coiitr,) as far north as the Saskatchawan. Drummond. — Allied to V. cucullata, but with much narrower and very downy leaves and petioles, in which latter respect, as well as in its much larger flowers, it differs from the true primuhefolia of Linn., of which I have specimens from Pennsylvania; but I am not aware that it has been found so for north as the Canadian possessions. 7. V. lanceolata ; stolonifcra, stigniate marginato, foliis lanceolatis utrlnque attenuatis subsorratis, sepalis ovatis, petalis inibcrbibus. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1323. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 150. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 172. Jiiffel. FL Bost. cd. 2. p. 94. Schwein. Viol, in Sill. Journ. V. 5. p. 61. Flliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 98. Le Conte in Ann. Lye. of N. Y. v. 2. p. 146. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 293, Ludd. Hot. Cab. t. 21 1. Reichenb. Ic. v. 1. 1. 52./ 106.? Hah. Canada. Mr. Schwcinitz. About Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. — Loddiges' figure of this beautiful species is very excellent. I ijuotc that of Reiclienbach with a mark of doubt, on account of its diminutive size and yellow petals; whereas, in all the specimens I have seen, the llowcrs, smaller than in any of the preceding species, arc almost white, having the lower petal beautifully streaked with dark purple. The leaves are very glabrous and delicate; and distiuct, as they may appear ut first sight, by their being attenuated both extremities, 1 have yet some sju'cimens from my inestimable friend Dr. fioott, having them so abrupt at the base, that they precisely accord it) that, and in every other particular, with some of my speci- mens of the true V. priiiiulirfulia of Linn. I think they will prove identical. — Few Monographs would render so much service to Botanical Science us one on the Viottts, with figures and descriptions taken from living spei" neus, and none is ci pable of being rendered more interesting or beautiful. 8. F. blanda; stigniate marginato, foliis teneris glabriusculis lato-cordalis ov.atisqiie creimtis pateiitibus sinu prjfundo, peta'is ovatis obtusis subiuibeibibus. — Willd. Ilort. Berol. t. 21.. NutL Cun. Am. v. 1. p. 14.». Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 172. lUyd. Fl. Host. ed. 2. p. iH. Schu'iin. Viol, in S II. Journ. t\ 5. p. 65. 'Jbnry, Fl. of Un. St. r, 1. p. 254. Le Conte in Ann. Lye. of N. Y. /. 2. p. lit, De Cand. Proilr. v. 1. /;. 294. Hah. Throughout ('anada, very abundant as far as the mountains, and as high north as i'ort I'ranklin, in lat. dii'. Dr. liichardsun ; Dnimmoiid ; Dr. Tudd. — This species has certainly a very close afliuity with :iibus brevioribus. — V. debilis. Pnrsh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 174. (excl. syn. fide Torrey.) Schwein. Viol, in Sill. Joum. v. 5. p.T\. Rich, in Frankl. \st Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 8. y. alhijlora; caulibus brevissimis, foliis cordato-ovatis ovatisque dense pubescentibus, floribus albis. Hah. Labrador, (Schweinitz,) and throughout Canada, as far north as lat. 5!)°, in the plains, (Dr. Richardson.) North-VVest Coast. Mr. Mcmics. li. Frequent in the same couutries. y. Prairies nnioiig the Rocky Mountains, rare. Drummond. — Six to eight inches high, throwing out many spreading ur iissurgent stems from the samn root. Leaves in form, size, and stipules, very similar to the preceding; but here the flowers are smaller, and blue, and the whole foliage and calyx (sometimes even the petals) are not unfre- quently covered with minute brown dots, impressed on the under side of the leaf. Rarely the leaves are slightly downy ; in y. exceedingly so all over, as well as the petioles. In a dried state, it is difficult to point out satisfactory clmractcrii, by which this species may be distinguished from our V. canina, where the leaves and even petals are in many of my specimens marked with similar dots. De Candollc doubts if his V. debilis he not a var. of canina. Indeed, I fear the North American Viol(B have been studied with too little refcreuce to the European ones. This can only be satisfactorily done by cultivation and comparison of the living specimens. 14. J', rostrata ; stigmate rostrato, rostro suberecto acuto nudo, caulibus siniplicibus decumbentibus, foliis cordatis glabris, stipulis lanceolatis ciliato-serratis, sepalis vubulato- lanceolatis glabris, calcare porrecto longissiuio petala imberbia excedente. — '- sh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 174. Schivein. I'iol. in Sill. Joum. ?•• 5. p. 73. Torrey, Fl. of Vn. t- .\ 1. p. 2.56. Le Conte in Ann. Lye. of N. Y. r. 2. p. 148. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 298. Har. Moist woods in Canada. Le Conte. — Well distinguished by the exceeduigly long horn or spur to the flower. [Vioh. ind. Prodr. v. to. ed. I. r. 3. do not find this ir do I possess it Mr. Schweinita kiton ; but as we of tho plant so )f my friend Dr. Second Expcdi' )es the leaves as einitz's original bundant in the f'uliis rotun- ;o-laiiceolatis ngiusculo. — p. 148.— V. V. asarifolia. Schwein. — (excl. syn. Jouni. ed. 2. bescentibus, e plains, (Or. 'ies iiniung tlie ; or iissurgent ; but here the are not unfre- tlie leaves are : is (liflicult to yiiiina, where indolio doubts been studied iltivation and siinplicibus < viibulato- ■'■' -sk, I'l. i" -'. 1. p. I. n or spur to Vioh.] VIOLARIE^. 19 15, y. canina; stigmate papilloso subreflexo, caule adultiore adscendente ramoso glabro, foliis cordatis, stipulis acuminatis pectinatim tenuiter laceris, sepalis subulatis, pedunculis glabris, capsula elongata, valvis acuminatis, seminibus pyrifortnibus fusnis. DC. Linn. Sp. Fl. p. 1324. De Cand. Prodr. v. \. p. 298. — Var. Rich, in FrankL Ut Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 8. ? Had. North -West Coast of America, (De Candolle.) Canada? Dr. Richardson.— Br. Richardson mentions this with a mark of doubt as a native of North America. No American author seems to be aware of its existence in that country. With regard to the station mentioned by De CandoUe, his information is probably derived from Mr. Menzies's specimens, in Mr. Lambert's Herbarium. If so, I possess the same, and have referred them to V. Muhlenbergiam ; though, 1 must confess, they have as good a claim to rank with V. canina. 16. F. adunca ; stigmate subreflexo glabro, caule adscendente simpliciusculo, foliis ovatis cordato-ovatisque coriaceis crenatis insigniter fusco-punctatis, stipulis lanceolato-acumina- tis profunde deiUato-ciliatis, sepalis lineari-lanceolatis, petalis duobus barbatis calcare nunc adunco vix longioribus, pedunculis elongatis folia multo superantibus. — Sm. in Ilees' Cycl. Hah. North-West Coast of America. Ou the plains of the Columbia. Puget Sound. Observatory Inlet. Mr.MenzieS; Douglas; Dr. Scuuler. — That this is the V. adunca of Sir J. E. Smith there can be no question, since Mr. Douglas has compared hLs specimens with the original ones in the Herbarium at Nor- wich, shortly previous to the death of its lamented possessor : but the spur, though sometimes, is by no means constantly, uncinate. Generally it is so in the state of bud ; and I find it to be remarkably the case with a specimen which has a double spur. But the greater number are straight, thick, and very obtuse. Hence, since Sir J. E. Smith, in other respects, compares it with V. canina, it may be supposed to be too nearly allied to that species : but I am of opinion that it is perfectly distinct. It has a more rigid and erect mode of growth. Its leaves are almost coriaceous, and, iu all the specimens, (and these froii very remote localities,) more ovate, more coriaceous, and so thickly covered with distinct brown dots as to j;ive a dusky hue to the foliage, and to bring the species near to some of the South-West American kinds, which present that ap- pearance in a remarkable degree. The flowers, as Mr. Douglas describes them, are of a fine and very deep purpIe-blue colour. Sect. II. CnAMiEMELANiuM. Ging. in De Cand. Stigma spharoideo-capitatum, tUriuque fasciculis pilormn oniistum, foraminulo minuto sublaterali. Stylus compresso-davatus. Stamina ohlouga upproximata. Torus planinsculiis. Capsula sape trigona. Folia seminalia seepius subrotunda. Petala 2 ungtie barbata. DC. 17. V. Nuttallii ; stigmate capitato utrinque subpiloso, caulibus erectis, foliis ovato-laii- ceolatis subintegerriniis subpubescentibus in petioluni longum attenuatis pedunculos icqiiiuitibus, stipulis lanceolatis isitegiis, sepalis lanceolato-acuminatis, petalis ovato-lanceo- latis, calcare brevissimo. (Tad, XXVI.) — Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 174. Schwein. Viol, in Sill, Joum. V. 5. p. 77. Le Conte in Ann. Lye. of N. Y. v. 2. p. 151. De Cand. Prodr. V. 1. p. 300. /3. major ; foliis latioribus, floribus majoribus. — V, glareosa. Douglas, MSS. Itadix in ten-am sublongc descendens, subfosciculatim ramosa. Caules plurimi ex eadem radice, crccti, breves, rarius digitcra longi, inferne subramosi, gracilos. Folia fere omnia ad eadem altitudinem attingunt, ovato-lanceolata, nunc lanccolntu, subfirma, integerrima vcl obscure sinuato-dentata, glabra vel paululum pubesccntia, in petiolum longum attenuata, uninervia, veuis lateralibus oblique parallelis. Stipulce mediocrcs. ^jj5ii#" 80 VIOLARIEjE. [Viola. foliac«o«iembraiiaGe», oblongo-Ianoeolatie, interne. Pedunculi folia plerumque subwquantes, bibracteati, glabri, nunc guporne pubescentes. Flos niagnitudiue VioliB blandtr, nonnunquam major, ut in /3,, pnllido sed evidentissinio flavus. Calyx, sepalii lanceolatis acuminatis glabris, basi vix produvtia. I'linlti omnia inibcrbia, inferum late ovatum, obtusum, gubtuH baiii carinatum, calcare brevissimo, vix ullo; reli(/iia oblongo^vata, unguiculata, oblique pateiitia. Stamina approximate, duobus appcndice lata brevi dorso auctiti. Sti/lua aupeme iucraitsatuii. Stiyma utrinque dopressum et fisuioulo pilorum iniitructum. Had. About Carlton House, on tbo Saskatchawan, lat. 53°. Dr. Richartlson. 13. Abundant under the shade of pineti on the dry sandy plains of the Columbia. — This seems to be a rare spucies, only hitherto known fmm specimens gathered by Mr, Nuttall on the sandy desert!) of the Missouri. It differs from all the other described species remarkably, with the exception of the following, and, perhaps, V, hastata of Michaux, with which I am nnacquainted. Tab. XXVI. Plant: — natural size. Fig. I, Flower; Jig. 2, Stamens, inclosing the pistil; Jiy. 3, Pistil; flg. 4, Inside view of a stamen : — magnijied, 18. V.pramorsa; stigmate capitato utrin(]uc subpiloso, caulibus erectis ovato-lanceo- latis subintegerrimis pubesccnti-hirsutis in pctiulum longum attcnuatis pcdunculu breviori- bus, stipulis lanccolatis iiitcgris, sepalis laiiccolato-acuminatis, petalis ovato-laticcolatis, calcare brevissinio. — lJo,tglas in Herb. Hort. Soc. — Bot. lleg, t, 1254. Hah, Or: liie dry plains of the Columbia, uiul on the Multnomah Kiver. Douglas. Plentiful about Fort Vancouvec. Dr. .Scuulir. — Ilabii of the lust, diftVriug in the very great degree of long pubescence, in the laiycr, more highly coloured flowers, aud in the peduncles exceeding the leaves in length. 10. /'. canadensis ; pleruiTicjuc glabra, stigmate capitato utrinque piloso, caule elongato gracili, fuliis lato-cordatis serratis acuminatis, stipulis lanceclatis integerrimis, calcnre brevissimo. — Linn, Sp. PL p. 132(5. Punh, Fl. Am. i: 1. p. 174. Schwein. Viol, in Sill. Journ. r. 1. p. 235. Mirh. Am. r. 2. p. 150. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. ;>. 301. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. r. 1. p. 255. Le Conti- in Ann. Lye. ofN. Y. v. 2. p. 148. Bigrl. Fl. Bost. cd. 2. p. 97. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. 7>. 301. Rich, in Franhl. \st Journ. cd. 2. App. p. 8. Hah. Throughout Canada, as fur ns tlie Rocky Moiiiitaius; Newfoundland. Mr. Cormack; Mr. Morrison. North-Wcst Coast of America. Douglas ; Dr. .Scoulir. — Flowers whitish, or pale bine, with darker streaks. The Noith-West American Kpeciniens have been called V. Scoulcrii'm Mr. Douglas's MSS., but I do not sec how they differ from the common state of the plant. They ore indeed smaller aud quite glabrous. 20. V. ptdwurcnn ; ))lerum(jue pubescentl-liirsuta, stigmate capitato utrinque piloso, caule elongato cnissiustnln infurne nuilo s(|uamigero, foliis lato-coiilatis grossc scrrato- dentatis, stipulis ovatis subdentatis, calcare brevissimo. — Ait. Hort. Kiw. cd. 1. v. 3. p. 290. Pursh, Fl. Am. r. \. p. 171. Sehurin. J'iol. in Sill. Journ, v. 5. p. 74. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. r. 1. p. 257. Le CoiUe in Sill. Journ. r. 2. p. 149. De Cand. Prodr. v, l./>. 301. — V. pennsylvanica. Mich, Am. v. 2. p. 149. /8. criocarpa; capsula dense villoso-tomentosa. — Nntt. Gen. Am. v. 1. p. 150. — V. erio- carpa. Schu-cin. I. c. p. 75. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 301. Hah. Throughout Canada, to the mountains. — Flowers yellow. The var. /3. is frequently cultivated in our gardens, and differs iu no essential particular from a. 21. v. sannentosa; caule stolon if ero, foliis reniformi-cordatis crenatis, stipulis lancco- latis intcgris, pedunculis folia u-'quantibus, calcare brevissimo obtuso. — Douglas, MSS. Oroiera,] DROSERACEi^ tl Had. Hilly wooded places near Fort Vancouver, and in the high grounds of Lewia and Clark's River, Nortli-West America. Douglas. — My Bpecimens of this are imperfect; and I am not sure that there are not two species amen;; them : the one, probably from which the above character was mainly taken, throwing out wiry stoma, like the runners of a strawberry, and bearing leaves, (as does the root,) which are more incliniug to oval than reniform, of a coriaceous texture and brownish hue from the numerous small dots which cover botli thoir surfaces, and having a few thick white hairs on the upper side. This is in fruit, and hog u ripe and burst capsule upon one of the runners, whose footstalk is equal in length with the leaf. The other |)lant has no stolones : the pale green, almost reniform, leaves are quite destitute of dots, and have an injured flower arising; from the root. Mr. Douglas describes the species as a handsome one, with bright yellow blossoms, marked with brown or red veins. Sect. Ill, Melanicm. DC. Stigma urceolatum utrinque fmciculis pilorum onustum, apertura magna in/vrne labcllo munita. Stylus ab apice ad basin attenuatus. Stamina triangularia connexa. Torus concavus et idea ovarium paulo inferum, Capsula obsolete hexagona. Seminu numerosissima 40-60. Folia semittalia scepius ovata, Petala 3 itiferiora ungue barhata. DC. 22. V. tricolor ; rndice subfusiformi, caulibus ramosis diifusis, foliis imis ovato-cordatis, stipulis ruiicinato-pinnntifidis, lobo medio crenato, pctaliu breviter unguiculatis incumben- tibus, calcur? cinsso obtuso non purrecto, nectariis brevibus, seminibuti oblongo-ovatis. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 1326. ». arvensis ; DC, caulibus ramosis assurgciUibus, petalis calyce vix longioribus flaves- centibus creruleis vel purpureo maculatis. — De Cand. Prodr. v. \. p. 303, — V. bicolor. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1, p. 175, — V. tenella, Schwein. Viol. in. Sill. Journ. v. 5. p. 78. ? Har. I have seen this only in the collection of Dr. Todd, from Lake Huron. — The V. tenella of Schwcinitz, which I possess from that liberal and excellent Botimist, is smaller than is usual with our V. tricolor, but, I thiuk, not specifically distinct. Ord, XIII, DROSEllACE^E, DC. 1. DHOSERA, Linn. Sepala (potius Cal. 5-partilus) petalaque 5, inappendiculata, Stam. 5, Styli 3-5, bipartili. — Herbne in uliginosis sphagnosis crescentes. Folia ciliis glandulosis rubidis irrita- bilibus ornata. DC. 1. D. rotundifolia ; foliis radicalibus orbiculatis patentibus, petiolis pilosis, seminibus arillatis.— L(«n, Sp. PI. p. 402, Engl. Hot. t. 867. Mich. Am. r. \. p. 186. Pursh, Fl. Am. V. 1. p. 210. Bigel. Fl. Bosl. erf, 2, p. 123. Flliotf, Carol, v. 1. p. 355. Torreg, Fl. of Un. St. V. 1. />. 331. De Cand. Prodr. v. \. p. 318.— D. capillaris. Poir. Encycl. v. 6, p. 299, De Cand. Prodr. v. 1, ;>, 318, Haii. Tliroughout Canada to tlie mountains, nnd as far north as the Arctic Circle. Newfoundland. Mr. Morrison ; Mr. Cormack. Unalaschka. Chamisso. — Numerous specimens, which I possess both from the United States ond the British possessions, prove this to bo the same as the Euro|>iean rotuhdifblia. 2, D.anglica; foliis radicalibus lineari-spatliulatis erectis, petiolis elongatis, seminibus arillatis,— //«rf*. Angl. p. 135. Engl. Bot. t. 369. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 318. VOL. I. L DR08ERACEA. [Parnauia, Har. Ne»r Cumbcrlnnd Iloiiie, Ut. M°. Dr. Rickardion, North-Weit Coait of America, Mr. Mmxieii. --Only two Bpeoim«ni of thif are in Dr. Riohardion's collnotioo. The true D, lonffifiUia, with seedii desti- tute of trillua, and with thorter lenvei than the present, I have received from New Ynrlc and near Boston ; bnt I have not seen specimens from Canada, where it is yet rery lilcely to be found, S. D. linearit; foliis exacte linearibus obtusis sublonge petiolatis, petiolis longissimis nudis, icapis radidatis 1-3-floris, calycibus glabris, setninil'iis cxnrillntis loivibus. (Tab. XXVII. A.)—Goldie in Edin. Phil. Joum. 1822. p. 325. Ik Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 318, Jtadix parva, fibrosa, annua, o fibris doscendentibus iiimplicibus, lubfascicubitis, crassiusculis, ni|p^8. Folia omnia radicalia, subdi^talin, erecta, liml)o duaii fere tres uncias \ongo, duas linoos lato, oxacte lineari, ubtuso, inferno in potioluni subtpciue longum, glabrum ntteuuato, mnrgine dorgo nunc bi-trillorus, douium, iruetiferus, folia oxcodons. Florcs podiccllati ; podiccUi breves, glabri. Calyx glaber, profundo 5-fidu8, Capmla ovalis, calyce plusquam dupio longior, ^i-valvisl Semina ovali-oblonga, exarillata, iievia, nigra. Hah. Lake Simcoe, in Upper Canada. Mr. Goldie. It was found sparingly in fruit also in Upper Canada, as well as plentifully in a swamp near Jasper's Lake in the Rocky Mountains, by Mr. JJrummond.— It was at my suggestion that Mr. Goldie, on his return from his travels in Canada, published the present plant as a new species in the Journal above quoted. The form of the leaf alone did appear to mo quite decisive of a specific diflfercnce ; but the American Botanists, and especially Dr. Torrey, entertained a different opinion, though I am not aware that the plant is at all known to tht. longifulia. It was therefore peculiarly gratifying to me to find amongst Mr. Drura- mond's rich collection many specimens gathered in the Rocky Mountains, and all possessing the characters detailed by Mr. Ooldie, under his D. linearis. The name is singularly applicable ; for from the blunt apex nearly to the very base of the limb or blade, it retains the same width. It must not be confounded with the American D. filiformia (teiutifolia, Willd, and Muhl.); which has the leaves vastly longer and filiform, and which Dr. Torrey aptly compares to the rare and beautiful Droaophyllmn lusitanicum. Tap. XXVII. A. Plant: — natural size. i^V/. 1, Capsule; yfgr, 2, Seed: — moffnified. 2. PARNASSIA. Linn. Sepala 5. Petala 5. StjuameD (nn Stamina abortiva ?) unguibus petalorum opposita-, (plerumiiue) in sctas npicc glandulosas desinenles. Stam. 5. Anthera posticu;. Stigmata 4, sessilia. Caps. 4-valvis, 1-locularis, valvis medio septiferis. Semina nrillata. — Hcr- biu glaberrimce, habitu et forsan charactere hinc ad Swertiam, illinc ad Violam acce- dentes. DC. 1. P. palustris; squamis setis grncilibus plurimis, foliis omnibus cordatis, caulino scssili. —Linn. Sp. PI. p. 391, Engl. Hot. t. 82. Mich. Am. v. 1, p. 184.. Pursli, B. Am. v. 1. p. 208. De Cand. Prodr. v. I. p. 320. Rich, in Franhl. \stJoum. ed. 2. App. p. 10. Had, Throughout Canada, as far north as the Arctic Circle, and among swamps in the Rocky Moun- tains, between lat. 52° and 5G°. — Labrador and NewfoundUnd. Mr. Morriwn. Kotzebue's Sound and Bay of Eschscholtz. Chamisso ; and Messrs. Lay mid Collie in Capl. Beechiy's Exj)edition. Cape Newenham. Nelson. — The broad, truly cordate, leaves, especially the cauline one, rea lily distinguish this from P. parvi- fiora ; and the nuirerous, slender, white pellucid hairs of its scale from i.ll the other species of the genus, 2. P. parvijlora; gracillimo, scjuamis setis grncilibus subquinque, Foliis radicalibus ovatis in petiolum attenuatis, caulino lineari-oblongo sessiii, — De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 320. — P. palustris, /3. tenuis. Wahl. Fl. Lapp. p. 74. ? TAB-XKVU .B. Famauia,] DUOSERACEiE. Hadue parva, annua ? fibroM. Folia fere omnia radioalia, ovata, Tel anguite ovata, obtoaiuioiila, tub- <|uinqueuervia, iii potiolum lubieque Ionium attenuata, patentia. Caulea solitarii vel 'J^ ex oattem radioe, erecti, tenuei, yracUlimi, unifoliati, fulio, (leu braotea) panro oblongo-laiioeolato vel lubliueari, ipithanuti ad pedaleiu, gUberrimi. Flat parTui, terminalis. Caljf* inferne cum baii germinii accretiu. Stpala patentia, llnoari-lanoeolata, viridia, potalis § breviora. Petala ovata, breviniiaie unguiouiata, alba, Uneata. Stamina et Pintillum lit in P. pabutri. tiquama H, oboratai, tetii 5, vel rariui 6, gracilibiu pellucidia albii terminatan, uno, central!, longiore, in facicm interiorom decurrente. Capiula ovalii, itigmatibui 4, penistontibiu coronata, demum in valvi* 4 dehisoentibui i valvai medio plaoentiferw. Semina uumeroia, parva, fu*ca, deuie imbrioata. Hau. North America. Bani», Herb, (in De Cmul.) Sandy bank* formed by the floods in the rivem among the Rocky Mountains, between lat. 52° and 50°. Drummund. — Numerous specimens of this pretty Pamasna exist in Mr, Drummond's portion of the collection, and all so constant to their characters, that I have little hesitation in considering it a good species, and I think too it is the P. parvijtora of De Candolle. It is remarkable for its slenderness, for the root-leaves being ovate, that of the stem still narrower, and so small as, in moat instances, to represent a true braotea. Whether the P, ovata H, Bdvisii of Do Candolle, should be considered the same, as I rather suspect, or uot, I have no materials for determining. The flower of our pknt is considerably smaller than thnt of P. paluilrii, so as well to merit the name of parv\flora. TAB..XXWI.B. 3. P. caroliniana ; squamis setis tribus crassis, foliis omnibus latissime uvatis ellipticisve, cauliiui sessili. — Mich. Am. v. I. p. ISi, Hot. Mag. t. 1459. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 208. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p.^tl. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 326. Bigel. Fl. Boat. erf. 2. p. 121. De Cand. Prodr. v. \. p. 320. 11ms. About Quebec, Mrs. Perciual, and Lake Huron, Dr. Todd: which are perhaps the most northern limits of this fine plant, as well us the most western, at least in that latitude, — The leaves are more coria- ceous, and paler beneath than any other species with which I am acquainted : their shape is either broadly ovate or elliptical ; but they may vary in form, and I suspect the P. grand^folia of Beauvois and Do Cundolle can hardly be considered different. The P. asarifulia of Ventenat I have never seen, nor do the American BotauistN themselves appear to be acquainted with it. 4. P. Kotzebuei ; scjiinniis setis tribus grucilibus, fuliis rndicalibus caulinoque (si udsit) subcortiato-ovutis, pctalis calyce brevioribus subtriiierviis, (Tab. XXVIII.) — Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaa, v.\. p. 549. Itadix fibrosa, porenuis. Cauks vel seapi niidi sen unifuliati, solitarii vel plurimi ex eadem radice, digi- talcs ad palmarom, erecti, graciivs, ut et tota planta, glabri. Folia radiculiu parvu, lato-ovato, vix Hubcorduta, obtusiuscula, submembrauacoa, subparollelim nervosa, iuforue iu petiolum unciam vel duos tres iincios longum attenuata: caulino radicalibiis simili, otiam potiolato, basin versus iuserto et radicalibus pinrumque immixto, nunc uullu. Flos terminalis, solitarius, crectus. Calyx semi-superus, sepalis erecto-patentibus, auguste elliptico-lanceolatis, 5-7 nerviis. Petala 5, elliptica, seu ovato-elliptica, alba, sepalis subbreviora, ncrvibus tribus pnucipuis, i mugis obacuris morginom versus. S(/uam(C parvie, petalis opposito), obcorduto?, flavo- virides, setis tribus, raro 4, brevibus graoilibus tormim^ : glandtUm flavie. Slamina petalis breviora. Fi'/a- inenta basi iusiguitcr dilatata. Antherm subrotundse, posticw. Pistillum ovali-globosum, tertia parte inforum. Stigmata subsessilia, 4, siibglobosn, recurva. Capsula, calyce corolla persisteutibus cincta, quadrivalvis, valvis ultra medium fissis, stitjmate terminata, membrancoa, medio longitudiualiter placeutifera. Semitui numorosa, imbricata, rufu-fusca, oblonga, ala latissima, pulcherrime reticulata circumdata. Albumen nullum r Embryo cylindricus, radicula ad hilum seminis versa. Hah. Unalaschka, and Bay of Eschscholtz in Kotzebue's Sound, ( Chamisso,) at which latter place it was also found by Messrs. Lay and Collie in Capt. Beechey's Expedition. Rocky Momitains, between lat. 52° and 50°. liiummond. Bear Lake, and thence to the shores of the Arctic Sea. Dr. Richardson. — I ora indebted for original specimens of this species to Dr. Chamisso, and find ours to correspond iu every L 2 ,%. ^o- IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) A 1.0 I.I la Ki |22 1^ li£ 12.0 IU£ |l.25||Uj,.6 M 6" ► V] 7 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.V. US80 (716)S72-4S03 ,% /f m. POLTOALE^. [Poiygala. particular with them. It is remarkable for the small size, and few nerves upon the petals, the calyx, in almost every instance, overtopping the corolla, and for the leafless scape; or, if a leaf be present, it is situated amoogfst the other leaves, and is always stalked. With the perfect flowering stems, there not un- frequently appear, upon the same root, the stems and withered capsules of a former year, but still possessing the persistent remains of the calyx and corolla. 5. P. jimhriata ; squamis lato-cuneatis camosis crenatis medio intus carinatis nudis, tbliis radicalibus longe petiolatis biauriculato-reniformibus, caulino cordato sessili multo supra medium inserto, petalis basi fimbriatis. — Kon. in Ann, of Bot. v. 1. p. 391. Smith in Rees' Cycl. — De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 320. Hook. Bot. Miscell. v. 1. p. 43. t. 23. Radix subrepens, crassa, horizontalis, fibrosa, supeme basibus petiolorum vetustorum fiiscis vestita. Caules pedales, fere ad sesquipedalem, nunc duo ex eadem radice, erecti, graciles, angulati, glabri, multo supra medium unifoliati. Folia radicalia plurima, erecto-patentia, longe petiolata, petiolo supeme insigniter dila- tato, reniformia, acutiuscula, subcoriacca, radiatim nervosa, lobig ad petiolum curvatis, quasi biauriculata; caulino parvo, cordato, sessili. Flos tenninalis, solitarius. Cal. subsemisuperus ; sepalis oblongo-lanceolatis, obtusis, 5-7 nerviis. Petala ovalia, brevi-unguiculata, alba, 5-7 nervia, infeme utrinque pulcherrime fim- briata. Stamir.a: Jilamenla, juniom ut videtur insigniter, demum minus dilatata. AnthertB ovales, posticsp, pallide flavee, Squanue majuscube, camosw, viridi-flavK, cuneats, basi attenuate, paululum concavie, apice crenato-lobatte, lobis vel crenis subquinquc, facie interna linea media elevata carinatse. Pistilhim ut in reli- quis hujusce generis. Fructum non vidi. Had, North-West Coast of America. Mr. Menzies. Elevated swamps in the Rocky Mountains, between lat. 52° and 56°. Drummond. — Of this remarkable plant I have given a figure in the Botanical Miscellany : where, however, I have represented the fringe at the base of the petals rather as hairy or glandular pro- cesses, than as formed by the substance of the petal itself, which it really is. On this and other species of the genus, minute brownish dots are seen under a microscope, and particularly described, as common to almost all parts of the plant in P. Kotzebuei, by Cbamisso, sprinkJing more especially the petals and scales. Such were very evident on Mr. Menzies's specimens of the present species, and are repesented in the Bot. MiscelL, but I do not find them in Mr. Drummond's. They are probably analogous to the dots in many kinds of Viola, and are of the same colour in both, being sometimes present and sometimes absent in the same species, or in different parts of the same individual plant. Ord. XIV. POLYGALE^. 1. POLYGALA. Toum. Calycis sepala persistentia, 2 interiora alseformia. Petala 3-5 tubo stamineo connexa, inferiore carinaeformi (forsan e duobus coalitis constante). Capsula compressa, elliptica obovata aut obcordata. Semina pubescentia, hilo carunculata, coma destituta. DC. Obs. North America includes a very considerable number of species of this extensive and beautiful genus ; but they are chiefly confined to the United States, and are most abundant in the southern provinces. Tlie list of species in the Canadas is but small, and probably none has a more northern range than the Saskatchawan, in lat. 52°, unless it be the P. Senega. None was found among the Rocky Mountains, and none in North-West America. Sect. I. Tlmutua. DC. Capsula glabra ovali-oblonga, vix emarginata. Jtacemi nunc clongaH floribua parvis, nunc confetti spiciformes, Jloribus in/erioribua mox deciduia. Fdia altema aut verticillata. DC. 1. P. incamata; glauca, racemis spiciformibus oblongis eglandulosis, foliis sparsis raris PolygtUa.] POLYGALEJE. 85 subulatis, coroUis longe tubulosis, caulibus erectis gracilibus subsimplicibus. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 987. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 52. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 464. Hab. Rocky places on the Rirer Niagara, near the Falls. Douglas; 1823. — I have only seen specimens of this, which have been kindly communicated to me by Mr, Nuttall, from New Cnsarea. It is from four to six inches high, annual, slender, glaucous, with very few, remote, minute, subulate leaves. Flowers flesh- coloured, the petals united into a long slender tube. Capsules ovate, obtuse. 2. P. cruciata ; racetnis capitatis sessilibus compactis, alis patentibus cordatis acutis, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis resinoso-punctatis quadrifariam verticillatis, caule erecto brevi ramisque subbrachiatis patentibus angulis alatis. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 138. Pursh, Fl. Am. V. 2. p. 466. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 266. (certe.)— Non Nutt. Ell. De Cand. Hab. Canada. Pursh, — Stem four to six inches high, annual, with spreading branches and broadly lanceolate or oblong, mostly very obtuse leaves. Of this again I possess no Canadian specimens, and there are, unfortunately, two species confounded by authors under this name. I have chosen that of Professor Bigelow, described in his Florula of Boston, of which I have specimens from Dr. Boott, and which is likely to be the Canadian species. Pursh's description too, and he is the authority for its being found in the British Pos- sessions, sufficiently accords with our plant. But it then becomes a question whether it is the true one of Linnasus. It is to be regretted that Sir J. E. Smith has not noticed it in Rees' Cyclopedia : we can only, at a distance from the Liuniean Herbarium, have recourse to the original character and reference; the former, unfortunately, is so short as to be equally applicable to more than one individual, " floribus imberbi- bus, foliis quatemis:" but the reference to Plukenet, both in the Amoen. Acad., and in Sp. Plantarum, " P. quadrifolia s. cruciata, floribus ex viridi rubentibus in globum compactis," seems to me decisive in favour of our present plant. Dr. Torrey, among the many botanical rarities which he has obligingly sent me from the State of New York, has included a species under the name of P. cruciata, which differs in its taller mode of growth, in its truly linear leaves, oblong heads, and remarkabli/ acuminated aloe to the flowers, which are too of a redder colour. This is probably the cruciata of Nuttall ; whereas our cruciata, and, as I conceive, the true we, is probably his brevifoUa ; though he describes the leaves as being nearly of the same shape in both. Elliott's P. cruciata I also consider to be identical with Nuttall's, inasmuch as he describes the stalks as being one or two inches long, the leaves linear, and the ake, or wings, acuminate. 3. P. verticillata ; racemis gracilibus spicifnrmibus acuminatis pedunculatis, alis ovato- rotundatis obtusis appressis, foliis linearibus acutis verticillatis, caule erecto brachiato. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 991. Pluk. Mant. t. 438. / 4. (fig. bona.) Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 63. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 88. EUiott, Carol, v. 2. p. 182. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 266. De Cand. Prodr. v.i. p. 329. Hab. Between Sandwich and Amherstberg, in Upper Canada. Z)ou^/a«.'— Flowers small, greenish. A slender, graceful, little annual. Sect. II. Senega. Carina imberbis. Calycis sepala 3 exteriora subaqualia. alterna. DC. Folia 4. P. Senega; subcristata, racemis terininalibus pedunculatis elongatis spiciformibus, alis orbiculatis appressis petala sequantibus, foliis lato-lanceolatis basi apiceque attenuatis marginibus scabris. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 990. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 53. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 464. Bat. Mag. t. 1051. Bigel. Med. Bot. t. 30, Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 265. Elliott, Carol. V. 2. p. 182. Rich, in Frankl, \st Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 27. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 330. Hab. Canada, as far north as the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson; Drummond; Douglas. In the Appendix to Capt Franklin's Journal, however. Dr. Richardson has indicated it as growing still farther 86 POLYOALBA [Pdfy^afa. north.— iSleMt ariiiar mnj from the nm« perannial root, aaly bdow, tlighdy downy, rounded, ugUd above. The Uavei, when seen under a microeot^, an haiiy with Tery thort pubeaoence, and the edj^ee aro decidedly ecabroos with little, rigid setM pointing forward. Flower pale, greenish white, CopmAi orbicular, scarcely notched, slightly compressed, containing two huge, bkck, dotted, hairy seeds, having a broad white carnncle at the hilum. Dr. Bigelow has well described this species in his Flonda of Boston, and has detailed its medical properties and histoiy in his valuable American " Medical Botany." 5. P. polygama ; cristata, racemis terminalibus pedunculatis laxis, alis ovalibus patenti- bus petala aequantibus obtusissimis, foliis alterois lineari-lanceolatis glabris superioribus cuspidatis, caulibus erectis, aliis brevissimis radicalibus sub subterraneis apetalis. (Tab. XXIX.)— WalL It Carta, p. 179. Purah, B. Am. v. 2. p. 181. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 75. Etiiott, Carol, v. 2. p. 181. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 330.— P. rubella. WiUd. Sp. PI. v. 3. p. 875. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 464. Bigel. FL BoaL ed. 2. p. 264, " Med. Bot. t. 64." De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 330. Satfix gracilis, snblignosa, perennis? descendens, ramosa. Caukt nunc solitarii, nunc plurimi ex eadem radioe, erecti, angnkti, glabri, palmares ad spithamaei, simpliees, virgati, foliati. Folia altema, erecta, sen erecto^tentia, unciam vel sesquiunciam longa, lineari-lanoeolata, adulta subooriaoea, basi paulnlum attenuata, inferiora subpetiohta, obtusissima, reliqua sessilia, mperiora magis angusta, apice aoutissima mu- cronulata, etiam cnspidata. Racemi solitarii, terminales, pednnculati, laxi, unciam vix duas uncias longi. Pedu cetti breves, graciles, patentee, demum recurvati, ad basin bractea minutissima sufiiilti. Floret cameo-rosei, mediocres. Calyx; sepalis exterioribus minutis, ovalibus, viridibus, erectis, 3 interioribns seu a/i>, petala lequantibns, Lkte obovatis, obtusissimis, patentibus, pallide roseis. Carina purpurea, cristata. — Ad basin caulium alii racemi adsunt, pednnculati, sub-subterranei, peduneulis squamosis ; floribns apetalis, vel petalis valde minutis instructi^ quorum ceqtsuhe omnino ut in racemb caulinis, sed sessilibus, Ute ovatis, com- pressis, truncatis. Had. Upper Canada. Mr. Goldie. About Lake Huron. Mr. Todd.— The correctness of Mr. Nuttall, in uniting the P. rubella of Willdenow with the P. polygama ot Walter, can, I believe, scarcely be called in question. The species is a very remarkable one, in many respects, as Pursh observes of his P. rubella, approaching to P. vulgaris. From the base of the main stems there proceed short stalks, from two to four inches long, bearing a raceme of flowers, which buries itself slightly in the earth. The uppermost blossoms are exceedingly imperfect, and abortive ; the lower flowers of the raceme have petals, and perhaps calycine sepals, so altered as to represent a few small scales around a germen, which, to all appearance, comes to perfection and bears seeds. In some of the many specimens I liave received from Dr. Boott, the racemes in question are upon leafy stalks, but this is by no means usually the case ; others, though more rarely, have the upper flower of the perfect stem npetalous. Tab. XXIX. Phut :—niigitudine, luflUta. FUtmunta 10, mi)mpiilli»,txntms JiUhera obloiig4M)TalM. Germtn orale, obtuiun. Styli trM, pfltalomm uaguibui y\x loagioNt. C^mnIr mambnuiMea, oalyoe minor. Semina lubtriginU. Uab. North-West Cout of Amerioa. Mr. Mmtiu. Stniti of Juan de Fuoa, in l*t 48°. Dr. Samler. Under tho aliade of solitary pine*, on tlie low liiUa of the Oakanagan. Doughu. Portage d' embamw, Slave RiTer. Dr. Riehardimi. — Thii tpeoiea ii totally unlike any other with which I am acquainted, tomawhat resembling a slender state of Saponaria ocj/moidtt, nor indeed does it accord with any of the divisional characters of the genus given by De CandoUe: for here the peduncles are throughout solitary and single- flowered, and the stem is leafy to the very summit Dr. Richardson's specimens are smaller than those tnm the eut side of the Rocky Mountains, and have fewer flowers : but they are not otherwise different. Tab. XXX. Phints '.—natural lixe. Fig. I, Flower j Jig, 2, Stamens, pistil, and their stalk ; Jig. 8, Capsule : —magnified. Sect. VIII. Atocion. Otth. MSS. Caukacentea. Flares corymbon. Calyx clavatua, 10- atriatua. DC. \\. S. Armeria; glaberrlma glauca viscosa, caule ramoso, foliis ovato-lanceolatis, flori- bu8 paniculato-corymbosis, calycibus longe clavatis, petalis obcordatis coronatis. — Limt, Sp. PI. p. 601. Etiffl. Bot. t. 1398. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 384. Hab. Among the pUnts gathered at Pentanguishene, on Lake Huron, by Dr. Todd: probably intro- duced from Europe. 2. LYCHNIS. Liim. Cal. tubulosus, 5-dentatus, nudus. Pet. 5, unguiculata, fauce saepius coronata, limbo plerumque diviso. Stam. 10. Styli 5. Capa, 1-5-locularis, anthophoro longo vel nulio. 1. L. apetala ; pubescens, caule simplici, calyce cylindraceo pubescente striate detnuin inflate et coroUam includente, seminibus arillatis. «. caule subuniflorobrevi. — Linn. Sp. Pip. 626. H. Lapp. t. 12./ I. Fl. Dan. t. 305. WaU. Lapp. p. 135. t. 7. Rich, in Franhl. \at Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 18. Br. in Parry'a \at Voy. App. p. clxx. Hook, in Parry'a 2d Voy. App. p. 389. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 386. Cham, et ScUecht. in Linnaa^ v. 1. p. 42. — L. uniflora. " Ledeb. Mhn. Peterab. v. 5. p. 637." fi. caule 3-6-floro elongate. — L. apetala ; fi. pauciflora. De Cand. Prodr. v. I. p, 386. — L. pauciflora. Fiach. — L. brachypetala. Cat. Hort. Berol. Hab. Labrador (ilfr, Morrison) seems to be its most southern lat.v-u^. in the plains to the east: Fort Norman, (var. fi,,) in the interior. Dr, Richardson. Abundant every whe; e beyond the Arctic Circle, and as iar west as Behring's Straits. On the more elevated parts of the Rocky Mountains, between lat. 52° and 56°. Drummond. — A very variable pbint, with a stem scarcely a finger's length in height, to a foot, or a foot and a half, almost naked, or with three or four pairs of linear obtuse leaves, the lowermost ones spathu- late ; with from one to six flowers, which are sometimes erect, oftener drooping ; the petals more or less exserted, varying in breudth, almost a deep red : the calyces more or less pubescent. When the capsule is ripe it is always erect, it fills the previously inflated calyx, is five-toothed, one-celled, with the seeds arillated, as described by Wahlenberg, and as observed by Dr. Richardson in recent specimens. 2. L. alpina ; glabra, paniculis capitatis, calycibus fiructibusque obovatis basi attenuatis, petalis bifldis, foliis lineari-lanceolatis acutis. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 626. Fl. Dan. t. 65. Puraht Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 321. Engl. Bot. t. 2254. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 387. M 8 98 CARYOPHYLLEA [Sperffuia. • Hai. Labrador. Herb. Smki. tt Diekt, (Pur As) Mr, Aforruon.—thit plant, whioh la abundant on moat of tha Uyhar alpa of Europa and in Iceland, leeBM to ba found upon the Amerioan Continent only at the point juit mentioned, whence I have receired ipedmena firom Mr. Morriaon, agreeing in every partiouhtf with thoae of the Old World. 3. AOROSTEMMA. Xiim. CaL tubulosuB, 6-fidus, coriaceus. Pet. 5, unguiculata, non coronata, limbo integro. Capmla I-locularis, 6-dentatus. 1. A. Githoffo; hirta, calyce corollam exccdente, foliis linearibui. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 684. Engl. Bot. t. 741. Purth, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 321. — Lychnis Oithago. Lam. — De Cand. Prodr. V. 1. p. 887. Has. Canada. Around Quebec. Jlfr*. Percivo/; ilfr. iSA4;p>parloculari«, apice 6-valvis, polyspermd. DC. 1. S. nudia; caulibus procumbeiitibus linca lateral! altcrna pilosa, foliis ovatis pctiolatis tenerrimis superioribus sessilibus, pediccllis friictiteris dcflexis, capsulis profunde 6-vnlvi- bus, calyce piloso vix longioributi. — Kngl. Hot. t. 537. Purah, Fl. Am. v. I. p. SIT, Jiigel. Fl. Hott. ed. 2. p. 181. Torrey, Fl. (ff Un. St. v. I. p. 453. J)e Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 896. — AUine media. Linn. Uab. Oathered on the route between Cumberland Ilouae and York Factory. Drummond. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd, At the Grande Chaudi^re, U|ipor Canada. Punh, jVaS. 2. S. longifolia ; flaccida ramosa, caule tetrogono scabriusculo, foliii linearibus patcnti- bus marginibus ia*pissiine scabrii, paiiiculis terniinalibus divaricatis bracteatis, petalis bipor- titis calyce acuto triiicrvi vix longioribus, sty lis 3-4. — Muld. Cat. — De Cand. Prodr. v, \. p. 400. Rich, in Frankl. Ut Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 14. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. I. p. 452. (cxc). syn. S. longip. Gold.) Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 182. — S. graininea. Bigel. Fl, Boat. ed. \.p. 110. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaa, v. 1. p. 49. — Spergulustrum gramineum. Mich. Am. v. I. p. 276. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 422. — Micropetalum gruniiiicum. Pera. Syn. PI. v. 1. p. 509. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 320. Had. Canada. Ooltlie, Lake Huron. Dr. TotlJ. Woody country from lat. HV to 04°. The ipeci- meni, here noticed, were gathered at Cumberland House Fort and Eiigliih River, by Dr. Richard»on and Dnimtnond. Uualaschka. Clutmiuo. On the Columbia. Dr. Scuuler ; Douglas.^Mttt the oUborute and fiuthful description which Dr. Richardson has given of this plant in the Appendix to the Hecond Edition of Franklin's Journal, it might be needless for me to offer any further remark, were it not that, like othen of this perplexing genus, it is liable to variation, and it will bo seen by the above synonymy what diffi- culty the Amerivau Botanists have found in determining its pUce. Dr. Richardson has included among his references the Spergulaatrum lanceolatum of Mich., which, nevertheless, I have ventured to keep distinct ; but I am far from saying that they ought not to bo united, different as the extremes may appear to be. Indeed my specimens of S. longifolia, from Dr. Boott, (which are the sumo as Professor BIgelow's,) and others from Dr. Torrey, have rather broader leaves than Dr. Richardson's plants, and quite smooth (not scab- rous) stems and margins to the leaves : thus, as it were, |>artaking of the characters of the following species. With regard to the genus Spergulaatrum or Micropetalum, all the American Botanists concur in uniting it with Slellaria, the minute or obsent petals being a very unimportant character, and decidedly variable in the species of the genus in question. The stamens and petals are perigynous, us in Larbrea, 2. S. borcalia ; flaccida ramosa ubique Iwvis glaberrima, foliis luto-lanccolatis laiiceu- latisque basi apiceque acutis, paiiiculis terniinalibus foliosis, petalis bipartitis calyce acuto trinervi vix longioribus. «. panicula foliosa, ut pedicelli axillares solltarii videantur. — S. borealis. Bigel. FJ, Boat, 4 I* ■ hi J CARYOPHYLLBA. •8 td. 9. p. 4SS.->S. lanceoUta. Torrey, Fl. qf Un. St. v. I. p. 45S. (non Pbirtt et D» Cand.) — SperKulaitrum lanceolatuni. Mich. Am, v, \,p. 275. — Micropetalum lanceolatum. Ptn, Syn. PI. v.l.p, 8S0. /I. panicula minus foIiMa, rarius bracteata. y. nana ; omnibus partibus minoribus. Had. >. Fort Nomuui, in Ut. 02°. Dr. Bichartbon. ». Throughout CanwU, and sa flu- m tha Arotie Circle, y. On tha Roolcy Mountaint, batwaan lat. 52° and HO", Dnmmond, — If I am corraot in keeping thii plant dittinct from the pracadioff, tha name of IVofeiaor BIgelow ii what ought to be adopted. I poaicH authentic apecimant of hii >V. horealit from Dr. Boott, and am certain that it exactly correiponda with my a. Huch, too, In the caio with the plant of Dr. Torray, and I preiume it ii ei(ually the Sptrgu- Itutrum lanceolatum of Michaux. Ita petala are NometimoH ivanting. When the paniulea are much elongated, bracteni take the place of leavai; and then, eapeoially if the leavoi are more narrow than uiual, the pUnt can hardly be diitinguiahed from lome ttatea of S, long\foUn. Nor can it b« concealed that it beara • oloie affinity with our S. graminea, being, muat probably, what i« intended under that name by Chamiwoi whilst the variety ho mentiona with icabroua itenii, " qualem in regionibui lylratioia inter 04-04 gradum lat. bor. nbiervavit Richardson," I have referred to S. lonffifiilia. The dwarf state from tha Rocky Mountains, I have had the greatest difficulty in distinguishing from Larbrea uligino$a, fur assuredly the stamens and corolla am perigy nous ; but the leaves are less ovate, the flowers less crowded at the top of the branches, the petak and styles longer. Dr. Richardson had already observed, under hia S. longifblia, " floras magiiitudine SteHaritr uliginoia (Smith) quo) quoque non raro tetragyna." 3. S. longipes; subflaccida glabcrrima glaucn, foliis lineari-subulatis patentibus, pcdun- culiti terminalibus dichotomc ramosis, bractcis membrannceis, pediccllis valdc clongatis, petnlis late obovatis profundo bifidis calycc obtuso obscure trinervi paulo longioribus. — GoMie in Edin, Phil. Joum. Apr. 1822. De Cand. Prodr. v. ^. p. 400. /3. minor; caulibus foliisque strictioribus. Planta tota glaberrima. Caulea in a,, aubpatuntes, flaccid!, pedales et ultra, in fi. spithamaii, baai decum- bentes, dein erecti, subtntragoni, raraosi. Folia glauco-viridia, scsquiunciam ad duaa uncias longa, late lineari-Bubulata, seu o basi latiore sensim acuminata, integerrima, margine subcartilaginen, patentia, in /3. paulo latiura magisque ereoto-patentia. Pedunculi terminales, aphylli, dichotome ramosi, ad dichotoroias bracteati, bracteis miyusciilis, bto ovatis, albo-momlirauaceis, dorso solummodo viridibus. Flore» conspicui, albi. Septda elliptico-ovata, obtusa, viridia, glauceiM'^ntia, obscure trinerviu, margine hito-membranaci>a. Pe.tala calyco paulo longiora, late obovata, alba, profunda biAda. Anthercp. fusccscentes. Capsula ovato- oblongo, nigra, vel intense fusca, nitida, "alycem paulo excedens, usquo ad medium trivalvis, valvis raro bifidls. Semina parva, subrotuuda, fusca. IIau. Woods near Lake Ontario; Mr. Goldie; thence to the Mackenzie River and Bear Lake. Dr. Richardson ; Dntmnumd, — The present SteUaria is one, (along with 4, 5, and 6,) of a series of the genm-, reapecting which I scarcely know whether they should constitute species or rather be described as varieties. Characten*, indeed, may easily bo detected for deflning the extreme appearances of them : but there are, among the numerous specimens which Dr. Richardson's and Mr. Drummond's rich collection can boaat, intermediate states which I cannot satisfactorily refer to any. All are distinguished by their rigid erect habit; (except the var. a. of the present species,) by leaves, broad at the base, gradually tapering upwards, by their remarkable glossiness, unless when any portion, or the whole of them, be gUucous; by their obscurely-nerved calyx ; and by the hirge, deep, rich, brown, or black, very glossy, capsule, which, being longer than the calyx, forms a striking contrast with the pale hue of the rest of the phint. Our present apecies is distinguished by a larger size than the rest, by ita more distant, longer leaves, and especially by the great length of the pedicela of ita flower and fruit. Nevertheless, the pLinta of a humbler growth border upon CARYOPHYLLEJE. [SteBaria. Dr. Riohardion'3 and our S. lata, whioh, however, differs in iti yet anutUer site, ihorter foliage, and more acute lepals. 4. S. stricta; erects stricta nitidissima vel subglaucescentia, foliis lineari-subulatis erectis subcanaliculatis rigidis, panicula termiaali, petalis linearibus bipartitis calyce glabro obscure trinervi acutissimo plerumque longioribiv , antheris purpureis. — Bich. in Fraaki, 2dJoum. ed. 2. Afp. p. 15. — S. palustris, ^3. FrcmU. \stJoum, ed. 1. App. n. 164. (excl. syn.) m. caulibus laxe pubescenti-pilosis. — S. stricta, m. Bich, I. c. fi. caulibus glabris. Bich. l. c, — S. palustris, «. Bich. in FranU. l8t Joum. ed. 1. App. n. 164. var. «. (excl. syn.) y. foliis superioribus proecipue glaucescentibus. Hab. «. and /3. From Lake Winipeg {Douglas) to the Bear Lake, lat, 65°. Dr. Richardson; and from Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Mountains, between lat. !i'i° and 56°. Drttmmond,—\t will be readily seen that my third variety, y., may be supposed to pass into the following species ; and there are specimens which do appear, in a dried state indeed, to be intermediate, such as I cannot confidently refer either to the one or to the other. I must content myself with having given the characters of the most marked varieties or species, and leave it to others to judge of their importance. The capsule is similar to that of S, longipes. 5. S. lata,; erecta stricta valde glauca, foliis erectis lauccolatis basi latioribus acutis carinatis la;vibus, pedunculis nunc binis unifloris nunc paniculis paucifloris terminalibus, petalis bipartitis calyce glabro pubescenteve obscure trinervi paulo longioribus, antheris albis vel siccitate luteo-fuscis. — Bich. in Frankl. lat Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 16. Hook, in Parry's 2d Voy. App. p. 390. Hab. From Great Bear Lake to the shores and isknds of the Arctic Sea; Dr. Richardion ; Capt. Sir E. Parry ; and upon the more elevated of the Rocky Mountains, between lat 52° and 56°. Drunmumd.— This is more arctic or more alpine than the preceding, and always smaller; thus situation may account for some difference in its habit 6. S. Edwardsii ; erectiuscula, caulibus pubescentibus vel glabris, foliis erectis rigidis lanceolatis basi latioribus sen ovato-lanceolatis inferne margineque stepissime laxe pilosis, pedunculis terminalibus uni-bifloris, petalis bipartitis calyce glabriusculo acuto obscure trinervi longioribus, antheris purpureis luteo-fiiscisve. (Tab. XXXI.) — Br. in Parry's \8t Voy. App, p, cclxxi. Bich, in Frankl. \st Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 15. Hook, in Parry's 2d Voy, App, p. 390. Cham, et Schkcht. in Linnaa, v. 1. p, 48. — S. nitida. Hook, in Scoresb. Greenl. App. />. 411. Cham, et Schkcht. in Linnaa, v.\. p. 47. Hab. Shores and Islands of the Arctic Sea. Dr. Richardson; Capt. Sir John Franklin; Capt. Back ; Capt. Sir E. Parry ; Mr. Edwards. Behring's Straits. Chamisso ; Messrs. Lay and Colli" in Capt. Beechey's Collection. — A figure of the most distinct appearance of this plant may not be unacceptable to Botanists : but then, I must confess, that when the panicle bears three or four flowers, it is very difficult to form a character by which to distinguish it from S. stricta. The colour of the anthers is considered by Mr. Brown of specific importance : but Dr. Richardson's var. y. hafc the anthers small and white, destitute of pollen. Perhaps in all of this groope they are purple when perfect — yellow, dingy brown, or white, when abortive; for I find all these differences in what I should otherwise consider as one and the same species. The plant is plentiful in the extreme North -West America: and Chamisso and Schlechten- dal have devoted two pages of the Linniea to remarks on what they conceive may be S. nitida and & Edwardsii, while they think the S. da/mrica, of Schlecht and De Cand., as well as the S. Jtorida of ArtMBria,] CARYOPHYLLEiB. 8>r Fiioh. and De Cand^ very doMly allied plants; as are probably some otber Siberian ones. For further observations on our plant, I must refer to Mr. Brown and Or. Riohaidson, in the works above quoted, and to the Appendix of Capt. Parry's 8d Voyage. Tab. XXXI. A. B. T\BMt»:— natural size. Fig. 1, Flower; Jig, 9, Petal; fig. 3, Stamen; fig, 4^ Sqtal ; fig. 5, Capsule : — magnffled, 7. S. hum\fusa; glaberrima, caulibus procumbentibus ramosis, foliis ovatis sessilibus subcai-nosis, pedunculis solitariis terminalibus abbreviatis unifloris, petalis bipartitis calyce acutiusculo enervi longioribus. — RoiU>. in Act. Hqfn. v, 10. p. 447. t. 4. f. 14. It. Dan, t. 578. Hook, in Parr\fs 2d Voy. App. p. 391. Rich, in Frankl. \st Joum. App. ed. 2. p. 17. — S. crassifolia. (^m, et Schkcht. in Linmea, v. 1. p. 50. (non Ehrh. et De Cand.) — S. crassifolia, fi. Wahl. Lapp, p, 125. H«B. Sandy shores of the Arctic Sea and Islands. Cqpt, Sir E. Parry; Dr. Richardson; Capt, Sir John Franiiin and Capt, Back, — I know not how it is that Botanists have confounded this very distinct species with quite another plant, the S, crassifolia of Ebrhart, which has the habit of Larbrea tdiginosa, and is found in moist pastures of Germany. Ours is altogether arctic, and so fleshy in its foliage, that, in drying, the leaves always turn brown. 8. S. gracilis ; glaberrima, caule debili, ramis sterilibus gemmiferis, foliis lanceolatis subsucculentis, pedunculo elongate solitario unifloro axillari vel terminali, sepalis glabris acutis enervibus petalis bipartitis brevioribus. — Rich, in FrankL 1st. Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 17, — fi, foliis minus succulentis siccitate etiam viridibus. Has. About Slave Lake, and between Cumberland House and Hudson's Bay. Dr, Richardson, Drum- mond. — The more usual state of this phmt is to have the leaves somewhat fleshy, and like S. humifiisa, turn- ing b.-own when dry. Some of Mr. Drummond's specimens from the more southern latitudes, have their leaves still green, and rather less fleshy. Both possess terminal and axillary gemmie, by which the plant increases abundantly. It csems always to grow densely tufted. Styks 3. Cepsuk half aa long agun as the calyx, oblong, thin, membranous, pale greenish-brown, 0-valved. 9. S. crispa ; " glaberrima, caulibus diilusis, foliis brevissime petiolatis ovatis acumi- natis margine repando-undulatis, floribus solitariis axillaribus, petalis calyce multo brevi- oribus, capsula calycem sequante." — Cham. etSchlecht. in LinnaOf v. I. p. 51. Hab. Unalaschka. Chamisso. — With this species I am luacquaiuted. It is probably allied to the subse- quent one, of which I regret that only very imperfect specimens are known to me ; such, however, as will enable me to draw up the following specific character. 10. S. ovalifiAia ; caule procumbente pubescente, foliis internodio multo brevioribus ovalibus basi apiceque acutis subciliatis, axillis ssepe gemmiferis, pedunculo terminali unifloro, petalis calyce acuminato longioribus. Hab. Kotxebue's Sound. Lay and Collie in Capt. Beechey's CoUection. — A few injured stems without a perfect flower are all that I possess. These are 5-6 inches long, weak. Leaves } of an inch long, broadly oval, acute at both extremities, single-nerved, evidently reticulated when held between the eye and the light. Pedimcle terminal, an inch long, solitary, with a single flower, large in proportion to the size of the plant. Calyx glabrous; its sepak acuminate, nerveless, shorter than the white petals, whose shape I cannot well determine. 8. ARENARIA. Litm, Cat. 5-sepalus. Pet, 5, Integra. Stam. 10, aut abortu pauciora. StyU 3. Caps. 1- locularis apice 6-S-valvis, polysperma. DC. VOL. I. N 98 CARYOPHYLLEiE. [Arenaria. ■'■'■ '^ / ■ Sect. I. Spehgularia. Pers. : ' • i ', -» - 1. A. nitra ; caulibus prostratis, foliis angusto-linearibus acutis subcarno^is, stipulis ovatis fissis, seminibus compressis margine membranaceo nullo. — Linn, Sp. PL p. 606. Engl. Bot. p. 852, De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 401. Bigel. Fl. Boa. ed. 2. p. 179. Torrey, FLofUn. St. V. 1. p. 456. — A. canadensis. Pera, — Purs/i, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 219. Hab. Canada. Mrs. Percival. Between Cumberland House and Bear Lake. Dr. Rkhardson. New- foundland. Dr. Morrison. Straits of De Fuca and Obserratoiy Inlet, on the North-West Coast. Dr. Scouler.—Thh plant varies in the pubescence of its leaves, and in the presence or absence of the macro. Even in maritime specimens I do not find the seeds margined as in our A. marina. In all, the root is annual. — Schlechtendal and Chamisso mention it as an inhabitant ofCalifomia, and, indeed, I have specimens from almost every part of the world. '.'.'' ''••;' Sect. II. Arenarium. Sen * Foliis gramineu. •■ " ■ • ' 2.> A. neirdifi)^; caespitosa, foliis fasciculatis angustissimis lineari-setaceis glaberrimis mucronatis, caulibus erectis glabris 1-3-floris, petalis obovatis sepala ovata obtusissinia 5-nervia superantibus. (Tab. XXXII.) — JLedeb. Fl. Alt. ined. — An " A. lychnidea, /J. glabra, A. Laxmanni.? Fisch, inlitt." De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 402. . - .— ^' Caules ciespitosi, infeme decumbentes, ramosi, valde foliosi, dein erecti, parce foliosi, ut et tota planta, giaberrima. Folia opposita, Inferiora et in ramis sterilibus fosciculata, omnia angustissime lineari-setacea, nitida, rig[ida, uncm Dr. Fischer and Mr. Prescott, gathered by the former of these Naturalists, exactly correspond with those of Dr. Richardson from lat 70° of North America: and these again approach so near to the A. lychnidea of Bieberstein, from the Iberian Caucasus, that, except in the pubescence of the latter, there is scarcely any difference. Tab. XXXII. Fig. 1, Flower ; Jig. 2, Sepal ; Jig. 3, Capsule ; Jig. 4, Leaves :— all more or less magnified. * * Foliis subukdis linearibusve. 3. A. larieijblia ; foliis subulatis denticulato-ciliatis, caulibus adscendentibus 3-6-floris subscabris, calycibus cylindricis, sepalis oblongis obtusiusculis triplinerviis hirtis corolla iluplo brevioribus, capsuHs trivalvibus calycem superantibus. DC. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 607. Jacq. Austr. v. 3. p. 272. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 404. Pursh, Fl Am. v. 1. p. 219. Cham. et ScUecht. in Linncea, v. 1. p. 54. Hab. North -West coast of America. Menxies. (Pursh.) Bay of F.schscholtz and Island of St. Lawrence. CAamiMO.'—This is quite unknown to me as an American plant. 4. A.juniperina; foliis subulatis rigidis spinosis, inferioribus subfasciculatis, superiori- bus distantibus, caulibus erectis firmis, sepnlis ovatis subunincrviis, petalis obovatis calyce subduplo longioribus, capsulis ovato-rotundis trivalvibus calycem vix superantibus. DC. —Sm. Ic. ined. p. 35. t. 35. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 319. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 403. Arenaria.] CARYOPHYLLE^ 99 ta, )a, ne Ji. 10. en- ire tfy of ind apt ris 11a )7. m, ice. ri- fce )C. Hak Labrador and Newfoundland. (Heri. Sankt. Purth.) Between Lake St Clair and Lake Huron, rare ; 2>. Douglas.— I have mjiM received nothing like thifpluit of Smith's ftam the abarve-named coantries. 5. A. striata ; erecta, glabra, multicaulis, foliis lineari-setaceis uninerviis rigidis paten- tibus in axillls proliferis et quasi verticillatis, panicula dichotoma patente, petalis otiovatis sepala ovata acutissima 3-nervia superantibus. — «. foliis magis erectis, fasciculis axillari- bus paucioribus, panicula erectiore. — A. stricta. Mkh. Am, v. 1. p. 274.? De Cand. Prodr. V. 1. p. 403. Pursh, FL Am. v. 1. p. 319. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 521. — fi. foliis recurvis, fasciculis axillaribus numerosis, panicula patentissima. (Tab. XXXIII.) — A. stricta. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2, p. 180. Torrey, Fl, of Un, St, v. 1. p. 455. Has. /3. From the United States to the shores of the Arctic Sea, north of the Rocky Monntains. On the Columbia ? Dr. Scouler,— In characterising many of the species of this division of Arenaria, we need the indulgence of those who study the same phnts after us, for none are attended with more difficulty, even when, as in our case, we have numerous specimens from various latitudes, soils, situations, and elevations above the level of the sea : for it then becomes almost impossible to say what differences may be caused by local circumstances, and what may be permanent characters. To the species before us, these remarks are peculiarly applicable. What I have here called var. p. is what most of the American Botanists take for the true striata of Michaux ; and it is named as such in the Herbarium of Dr. Boott, which was compared with that of Michaux : yet the very appellation of " stricta" and the words " foliis erectis" of its original describer, are quite at variance with the plant. Mr. Drummond's, however, and Dr. Richardson's specimens tend to prove that my a. and /3. may pass into each other. It is among the tallest of this groupe, often nearly a foot high ; the capsules are rather longer than the calyx. Dr. Scouler's plant from the Columbia has the peduncles and calyces ghtndular. The var. 0. is what I have figured at TiiB.XXXin. i?iV?. 1, Flower; ^^.2, Fruit; yfjr. 3, Seed:— ma^(/ied. , ; -: . , ,. 6. A, vema; erecta, cffispitoso, multicaulis, foliis lineari-subulatis nervosis erectis, panicula erecta pauci-multiflora, calycibus ovatis acutis trinerviis corolla plerumque lon- gioribus. — Linn, Mant, p, 72. Engl. Bot. p. 512. Has. Between Norway House and Cumberland House. Dr, Richardson. Drummond. Columbia. Memies. D. Douglas. — This quite agrees with our British specimens of A. vema ; the petals are sometimes longer and sometimes shorter than the calyx, and the latter and the pedicels are sometimes glabrous and sometimes pubescent, and, as it were, glandubr. 7. A.propinqua; " ccespitosa, glanduloso-pilosa, foliis lineari-subulatis acutis trinerviis, calyce acuto trinervi petalis vix longiori capsula breviori." — Rich, in Frankl. \8t Joum, ed. 2. App. p, 17. Hab. Barren grounds, north of lat. 54°, to the Arctic Sea. Dr. Richardson. Summits of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. — Dr. Richardson has fuUy described this in the place above quoted, and has justly remarked that it has the habit of A. vema, but that its flowers are much smaller. The whole plant is, indeed, slenderer, and the hue more glaucous, or sometimes inclining to purple. In the last expedition, speci- mens were found without the glands, which brings it nearer to some states of A. vema, with which per- haps it should be united. It seems again intermediate between it and the following. 8. A, hirta ; foliis lineari-subulatis obtusis bisulcis hirtis, caulibus hirtis 2-3-flori!>, calycibus S-nerviis acutis capsula brevioribus, petalis oblongis capsula subbrevioribus. DC, — Wormsk. in Fl, Dan. t, 164,6. De Cand. Prodr, v, 1. p, 405. (excl. syn. Als. rubella, WaM.) Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaa, v, \. p. 56. Hab. Kotiebue's Sound. Lay and Collie in Capt. BeecheyU Voyage.— I have specimens of this plant MS 100 CARYOPHYLLEiE. [Armaria, from Greenland and from Kamtschatka, which differ in no retpeot from thoie in Capt Beeohey's collection. The phmt is atill slenderer than A. propinqua. As is the case with that species, Chamisso and Schlechtendal notice two vars., the one gbdlirous, the other pubescent 9. A. rvbeUa ; caulibus caespitosis numerosis, pedunculis terminalibus pubescentibus unifloris, foliis lineari-subulatis obtusis 3-nerviis, petalis elliptico-lonceolatis capsulaque 4-valvi calyce lanceolato acutissimo 3-nervi brevioribus. — Hook, in Parrj/a 2d Voy, App. p. 391, et in Fl Lond. N.S. t. SOO.—Alsine rubella. Wahl Lapp. p. 128. t. 6.— Arenaria quadrivalvis. Br. in Parrjfs \a Voy. App. p. cclxxi. Hab. Arctic Sea^XMst, Dr. Richaribon; and summits of the Rocky Mountains, Drvmmond. Arctic Islands. Cc^t. Parry. 10. A.So88ii; glaberrima, "foliis triquetro-subulatis obtusiusculis muticis enerviis florem vix lequantibus, pedunculis unifloris elongatis, petalis oblongis calyces obsolete trinervios paulo superantibus." — Br. in Parrj^s 1st Voy. App. p. cclxxii. — fi. statura majors, foliis calycem longitudine superantibus, minus crassis nee adeo obtusis, inter- nodio ssepius brevioribus, nervis lateralibus omnium manifestioribus, petalis longitudine calycis. Br. in FranAl. Ist Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 17. Has. Arctic Sea^^oast, Ih. Richardson i and upon the summits of the Rocky Mountains, between lat. 54° — 57°, Drummondi where the flowers are sometimes apetalous. 11. A. Pumilio; glaberrima, ccespitoso, foliis lineari-subulatis obtusis carnosis enerviis flora longioribus margine ciliato, flore solitario subsessili, petalis oblongo-spnthulatis calyces trinervios obtussisimos dupio longioribus. — Br. MSB. Hook, in Parr^s 2d Voy. App. p. 391. Uab. One of the islands in the Strait of the Fury and Heda. Otpt. Jame* Boss. 12. A. arctica; cKspitosa, foliis linearibus obtusis curvatis marginibus ciliatis, caulibus unifloris, pedunculis piloso-glandulosis, sepalis oblongis obtusis obscure 3-nerviis, petalis (speciosis) obovatis calyce duplo longioribus. — Steven in De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 404. Cham, et Schlec/tt. in Linnaa, v. 1. p. 54. — «. minor; foliis fulcato- curvatis. (Tab. XXXIV. A.) — fi. grandiflora ; magis coespitosa, floribus magnis. (Tab. XXXIV. B.) y. stenopeiala ; petalis abortivis linearibus. Habitus, ut bene monet CL De Candolle, Silenea acaulis. Caespitosa, robusta, perennis. Cauks procum- bentes, breves, nunc, in a, subeloogati. Folia semiunciam longa, linearis, dorso conveza, 3-striata, supra plana, obtusa, margine magis miuusve ciliata; in «. valde uno latere cbrvata, in /3. strictiora. Pedunculi terminales, uniflori, pubescenti^glandulosi. Sepala ovalia vel oblonga, moUia, obscure trinervia, plerumque, nisi ad basin, glabra, saepe purpurascentia. Petala io var. /3. maxima. Capsula ^valvis, calyce subdupio loDgior. — Var. y. forte distiucta species. Radix ut videtur, taaixui; folia longiora, remotiora, magis camosa. Caulea etiam pubescenti-glandulosa. Petala linearia (abortiva) calycem vix superantia. Has. Island of St. Lawrence. Chamisso. Shores of the Arctic Sea. Dr. Richardson; Capt. Sir John FranUin and Capt. Bach. KoUebue's Sound. Lay and Collie in Capt. Beechey's Voyage, y. Coast, west of the Mackenzie River. Dr. Richardson. — This very fine species seems peculiarly to merit the name of arctica. Mr. Drummond did not meet with it u|>on the Rocky Mountains: but in more southern latitudes the A. obtusa of Dr. Torrey is found on the higher parts of the same range, and both from a specimen in my Herbarium, and from that Author's own remarks, (See Torrey' s Account of Plants from the Rocfy Afouniains, p. 170,) it is very nearly allied to, if not the same as, the present Areitaria.] CARYOPHYLLEJB. 101 Tab. XXXIV. A. Arenaria arotioa, m^—Fig, 1, Le>T«b— B. var. fi.. Jig. I, Loifj Stamens; Jig. 3, Frmt:— magnified. , g, 8, Petals and 8 13. A. tnacrocarpa; csespitosa, foliis congestis subulato-linearibus plants margine ciliatis, pedunculis terminalibus unifloris foliosis, calycis foliolis linearibus, petalis ovatis calyce duplo longioribus, capsulis elongato-oblongis calyce triplo longioribus. — Puraht FJ. Am, V. 1. p. 318. De Cemd. Pndr. v. 1. p. 405. Cham, et Schlecht. tn Linnaa, v. 1. p. 65. Hab. North-West Coast of America. Aebon tn Herb. Banks. (Punh.) Chamuso's bland and Island of St. Lawrence. Chamisso^^l have placed this next to A. arctica, because, judging from Purah's descrip- tion, it must be nearly allied to it Chamisso, however, keeps it distinct; but says, that in the Bay of St. Lawrence (on the Asiatic side of Behring's Straits) he found a plant that was intermediate between the two in question. The chief distinction from A. arctica, appears to me to be in the capsule, which Punh says is thrice as long as the calyx. 14. A. fnscicuhUa ; (?) " glabriuscula, csespitosa, cauliculis stricto-erectis, foliis subu- iatis pungentibus striatis, floribus dense fasciculatis, calycibas subulatis striatis, petalis brevissimis." — Purah, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 319. Hab. Canada; in Mr. Lambert's Herbarium from Kew Gardens. (PursA.)— This plant must be con- sidered very doubtful The true A. fasciculata of Oouan is perhaps one of the rarest of all plants. His Herbarium in my possession proves it to be quite distinct from the plant so named and figured by Jacquin, {Austr. p. 182,) which is the A.fastigiata of Smith. The Canadian plant Mr. Pursh alludes to, can scarcely be the following, which indeed comes nearer to the true A, fasciculata than any other species, inhabiting, however, a widely different part of America, which was a terra incognita at the time Mr. Pursh wrote. 15. A. Franhlinii ; ramis erectis fastigiatis numerosis fragilibus, foliis nitidissimis subu- iato-setaceis, floribus fasciculatis, sepalis subulatis scariosis late uninerviis petala lineari- oblonga superantibus. (Tab. XXXV.) — A. Franklinii. Doughs, MSS, Radix sublonga, descendens, pereunis. Caules breves, foliorum vetustorum vestigiis obsiti, in ramos nu- merosos, erectos, subpalmares, basin versus divisi. Rami valde fragiles, glabri. Folia opposita,basi connata, vix unciom longa, subulato-setacea, erecta, nitidissima, albescentia, obscure nninervia, integerrima vel sub summa lente minute ciliato-dentata. Flores tcrminales, dense fiistigiati. Pedmumli breves, foUosi seu bracteati. SractetB foliis similes, sed paulo minores magisque scarioste. Sepala semiunciam longa, subulata seu lanceolato- subulata, aciuninatissima, membranacea, scariosa, albida, dorso nervo latiusculo obscure viridi notata, margine uuno integerrima, nunc, ut in foliis, minutissimo ciliata. Petala oblonga, obtusissima, basi attenuata, calyce breviora. Slam, 10, vix petala lequantia. Oermen ovale. Styli 3. Capsula ovali-rotundata, calyce multo brevior, apice 3-valvis, valvis medio bifidis. Hab. Abundant on barren sandy plains and unduktting grounds of the Columbia, from the " Great" to the " Kettle Falls ;" and south of that river as far as the source of the Missouri. Douglas. — This is the most beautiful, and, at the same time, the most distinct of the genus, remarkable for its fragile stems, and glossy foliage and calyces. Its nearest affinity is assuredly the A. fasciculata of Oouan; but that is at once recognized by its decidedly annual root, its coarser, rigid, and more opaque aspect, and, above all, by the leaves and sepals being strongly 3- or 5-ribbed, Tab. XXXV. Fig. 1, Flower and bracteee; Jig. 2, Flower, expanded; ^. 3, Stamen; Jig. 4, Capsule; ^^. 5, Leaves : — magnijied, * • * Foliis lanceolatis ovalibus rotundatisve. 16. A, buxifolia; pubescens, foliis ovato-oblongis sessilibus, caulibus repentibus, pe- los CARYOPHYLL&(E. [JUerelM. dunculis dichotomis subbifloris, sepalis linearibus brevibus obtusis margine membrana- ceis, petalis calyce vix longioribus, capsulis ovatis obtusis calycem laequantibus ('6>valvi- bus?) DC.—Poir. Diet. v. 6. p. 362. De Ctmd. Prodr. v. 1. p. 411, ^ ,.^^.„,,,^ y^ . Ha& Canada. {Poiret.) 17. A. Purahiaaas caule dichotomo diiFuso, foliis ovalibus subacutis, pedunculis al- ternis axilloribus solitariis elongatis, calycibus acutis, petalis loiigitudine calycis. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 414. — A. thymifolia. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 318. (non Sibth, and Stn.) Hab. Seanshore of Labrador. Herb. Bimh. (Purth.) 18. A. lateriflora ; minute pubescens, caule erecto gracili dichotome rainoso, foliis ob- longo-ellipticis obtusis ciliatis patentibus, pedunculis lateralibus terminalibusque elongatis bifloris, sepalis ellipticis obtusis enerviis corolla subdimidio brevioribus. (Tab. XXXVI.) —Linn, Sp. PI. p. 606. Pureh, FL Am. v. I. p. 317. Bigel. Fl. Boa. ed. 2. p. 181. GoUie, in Edin. PML Joum. v. 6. p. 327. Cham, et SchlechL in Liiuuea, v. }. p. 57. Hab. From the United States to lat. 60°, and from Hadson's Bay to the Rocky MountainB in the woody diatriota. Dr Biehardion; Drunmumd', and others, Unalaschka. {Dr. Fischer.) Tab. XXXVI. Fig. I, Fhnrer; /ig. 2, Sepal; Jig. 3, Stunen; Jig. 4, Pistil; ^/i^. 5, iMti '.-magnified. 19. A. macrophylla; caule gracili erecto dichotome ramoso, foliis patentibus lanceo- latis glabris basi apiceque acominatis, pedunculo terminali 2-3-floro, sepalis ovatis acu- minatissimis corolla capsulaque subrotunda multo longioribus.— <*. foliis angustioribus. (Tab. XXXVII. A.)— ^. folUs brevioribus latioribusque. (Tab. XXXVII. B.) Hab. «. North-West America, in shady woods; and (J. banks of the Saskatohawan. Doifjfa*.— Habit of the preceding, yet very distinct Here the plant is wholly glabrous, the leaves are acuminated at both extremities, the sepals of the calyx are totally different, and longer than the corolk. I possess the same pbmt fivm Kamtschatka, gathered by Wormskiold. TAft XXXVIL A. Arenaria macropbylla, «.— B. var. fi.—Fig. 1, Flower, fully expanded; Jig. 2, View of the outside of the calyx and corolla; ^9. 3, Stamen; ^^. 4, Leaf:— all more less magnified, 20. A.pephides; glabra, foliis ovatis oblongisve acutis carnosis, floribus subsolitariis breviter pedunculatis, sepalis obtusis corollam subaequantibus. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 606. EngL Dot. t. 189. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 317. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 463. BigeL FL Bost. ed. 2. p. 181. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 413. Bich. in FrankJ. 1st Jottm. ed. 2. App. p. 18. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linntea, v. \. p. 57.— Adenarium peploides. Rqfin. De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 366. — fi. major; foliis unciam longis. Had. Sea-shores, everywhere.—/}. De Fuoa's Straits. Dr, Scouler. 9. MERCKIA. Fischer. Cal. 6-sepalus, persistens. Cor. 6-petula, petalis unguiculatis, integris. Stam. 5, cum petalis alternantin, filamentis subulato-filiformibus, antheris medifixis subglobosis, loculis appositis. Styli 3. Caps, sessilis inflata depresso-globosa umbilicata sulcata, imper- fecte trilocularis, trivalvis, dissepimentis bipartibilibus ; spermophorum centrale basale parvum liberum. Semina numerosa mlnuta pyriformia, embryone uncinato peripherico CtrafMwN.] CARYOPRYLLEiB. 108 I ex inajori parte albumen includente, radicuU hilum spectante. — Herba debiltt herbacea effkso-ctupUota. VoliAf^^potUasfApdioUOa. Floras patbmculati, terminakt et ItUeralea, «o/t- tarii. Hab. ad littora maris in regioiubua ttrcHcis Atia orientaUs et America occidentalia. Cham, et SchkchL 1. M. physodet. Fiach. MSS. — Cham, et Schkcht. in Litmaa, v. I, p. 69. — Arenaria physoiles. De Cand. Prodr. v. I. p. 413. HAa Fluent oa the aandy «e»«horM of tbe Bay of EwhiolKdti. C&dnww.— I am indebted to Dr. Fiwher and Or. Chamino for ipedmens of this plant. CERASTIUM. Lvm. ' Cat. 5-partitu8. Pet. 5, bifida. Stam. 10. Sfy/t 5. Cape, l-locularis, cylindrica aut globosa, apice dehiscens, dentibus 10, circinatis aut adscendentibus. DC. Sect. I. Strephodon. Ser. 1. C. stettarundes ; caule erecto dichotomo ramoso subtrifloro foliisque glabris oblongis acuminatis, pedicellis l-floris terminalibus, sfpalis lanceolatis, petalis semibifidis calyce dupio longioribus. DC. — " Moc. PL NiUk. Ic. ined." De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 415. Hab. About Nootka Sound. (De Cand.) Sect. II. Orthodon. * Petalis cafyeem aqtumtibus vet minoribus. 2. C. mdgatum ; hirsutum, suberectum, superne viscidum, foliis ovatis, bracteis herba- ceis, petalis calycis longitudine, floribus capitatis, calycibus oblongis pedicello longiori- bus.—Zinn. Sp. PI. p. 627. Engl. Bot. t. 789. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 415. Purshy Fl. Am. V. 1. p. 821. Elliott, Cand. v. 1. p. 524. Bigel. Fl Boat. ed. 2. p. 184. Hab. At La Grande Chaudiire. Pur A, MSS. About the Falls of Niagara, abundant. Douglas. 3. C. viscoaum ; hirsutum, viscidum, difiusum, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis, bracteis mar- gine membranaceis, floribus subpaniculatis, calyce oblongo pedicellis breviore. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 627. Engl. Bot. t. 790. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 416. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 320. Torret/, Fl. qf Un. St. v. 1. ;;. 158. Bigel. Fl. BotL ed. 2. p. 184. Eich. in FranU. Ist Jonm. ed. 2. App. p. 18. Hab. Canada. Purdi. About tbe trading posts, perhaps introduced. Dr. Rtchardson. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. * * Petalia calycem auperoKtHma, 4. C. elongatum ; hirsutum, foliis linearibus internodiis longioribus divaricatis, pedun- culis terminalibus elongatis bis trichotomis, bracteis oppositis ovatis, petalis emarginatis culyce acuto duplo longioribus, capsulis subglobosis. — Purah, M. Am. v. 1. p. 321. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 417. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 460. Hab. Plains of the Columbia. Herb. Lewis. (Purth.}— May this not be C. arvense ? which I possess from Mr. Menzies, gathered in the same country, and which Dr. Torrey says it nearly resembles, but in having longer and narrower leaves, and longer petals. 5. C. Fiacherianum ; hirsuto-subviscosum, caulibus prostratis, foliis ovatis sessilibus dis- 104 OARYOPHYLLEiB. [GmHd'Mn tantibus, floribus dichotomo-subumbellatis breviter pedunculatis, flore solitario longe pedunculato in dichotomia, sepalis lonceolutis obtusiusculis margine scariosis, petalis calyce duplo longioribus, " capsula cylindrica sepalis longiore." {Cham.) — Ser. in De Cemd. Prodr. v. 1. p, 419. Cham, et Schkcht. in LituuBa, v. 1. p. 60. — C. alpinum. " Oed. Dan. t 6." (fide Ser.) Hab. Frequent on all the couts of Amerioa, bordering on Behring*! Stmitk GlctmtMo.— This plant CbamisM and Sohlechtcndal olwenre to be nearly allied to C vucoium, and itill more to C. alpinum ; and thoy even tbink that the C. alpinum of Melville bland, and other arctio regions explored by our navi> gaton, is identical with it. The Cerattium brought by Capt Beeohey from Kotieboe's Sound, I unite, without any hesitation, to a yery common state of C. alpimm. 6. C. alpinum: caulibus prostratis foliisque eiliptico-ovatis magis minusve sericeu- hirsutis, panicula dichotuma pauciflora, pedunculis elongatis, sepalis oblongis obtusius- culis margine scariosis pilosis, petalis calyce duplo longioribus, capsula oblonga sepalis subdu^ilo longiore. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 628. Engl. Bot. t. 472. Br. in Ross' Voy. ed. 2. V. 2. p. 192. Hook, in Parries 2d Voy. App. p. 890. Rich, in FranU. \a. Joum. ed 2. App. p. 18. — (i. glabraium: foliis glabratis. Hook, in Parrf^s 2d Voy. App. p. 390. Ft. Dan. t. 979. Hab. Arctic America and adjacent Ishinds. Kotaebue's Sound. Lay and Collie in Qgat. Beechej^n Voyage. H. Duko of York's Bay. Capt. Sir E. Parry. Rocky Mountains. Dnimmondl— Dr. Richardson observes, in the Appendix to Capt Sir John Franklin's 1st Voyage, that a similar phmt to this, but with more rigid pubescence, and gathered on the shores of the Arctic Sea, existed in the collection that was lost It was probably the C. FiscAeriamtm, if that be really a distinct species, which Chamisso says if distinguished from C, alpinum, among other marks, by its more rigid pubescence, 7. C. arvense ; caulibus basi declinatis, foliis lineari-lunceolatis pubescentibus ad basin proecipue, floribus dichotome paniculatis paucifloris, petulis calyce duplo majoribus, capsula oblongo-cylindracea calycem duplo superante. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 628. EngL Bot. t. 93. Pursh, FL Am. v. 1. p. 321. BigeL Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 184. Hab. Throughout Canada, and in the Rocky Mountains. Dr. Richardson; Douglas: Drumnumd; and others. Columbia. iUr. Menzies. 8. C. penaylvanicum ; caule suberecto foliisque lineari-lanceolatis dense pubescentibus, panicula longe pedunculata dichotoma, corollis calyce duplo longioribus. — Homem. Hort. Hafn. p. 435. — C. pubescens. Goldie, in Edin. Phil. Joum. 1822. Rich, in Frankl. \a Joum. ed. 2. p. 18. — C. arvense. ed. 1. p. 738. — C. tenuifolium. Torrey, Ft. qf Un. St. v. 1. p. 460. (flde specim.) an Pursh ? Hab. In many places in the woody parts of Canada. Goldie; Dr. Richardson; Drumnumd. — This, which, with Mr. Ooldie, I was formerly disposed to keep distinct from C. arvense, I now think scarcely deserving to rank as a species. It is indeed lai^er and stronger in all its parts, and the petals are much more conspicuous. But there are intermediate states which diminish the value of those characters. 9. C. natans; ubique pubescenti-glutinosum, magis minusve arachnoideo-tomentosum, caule erecto superne paniculato, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis, floribus fructibusque nutantibus, petalis calycem superantibus, capsula cylindracea sursum curvata calyce plusquam duplo longiore. — «. nudiusculum. " Rqfin. Prec. p. 36." De Cand. Prodr. V. 1. p. 420. Torrey, in Fl of Un. St. v. 1. p. 459. (excl. syn. C. pubescens. Gold.) Rich. Lumm.] l.rSEJB. 106 in DrankL l»t Joum, ed. 9. App. p. 18. cum descr.— C. glutinosum. Nutt. Qm. v. 1. p. 291. (non Hvmb.) — C. longipedunculatum. Muhl. Cat p. 47. — /I. vutitum ; ubique pilio longis mollibus albis arachnoideis tectum. Hab. «. From Canada to lat 58°, and from Hndaon't Bay to th« elevated Tallies of the Rooky Moan- tain*. Dr. Richardton; JDrummond; Dougbu, Common in North-Weet Amerioa, where the timber hu been destroyed by fire. Douglas. 9. About Lake Winipeg. Drummonil.— Annual. Thit ia amongit the talleit of the genus, a foot high, very erect t in young pUnts the flowers are few and somewhat umbelled ; the old phnts bear krge and many-flowered pM phmt, the capsules sre sometimes erect and sometimes drooping. Although this species of Has is of such general occurrence in North America, Pursh and Doughs both obserre that it is never employed by the natires for economical purposes. Ord. XVII. MALVACE^. Br. De Cand.— Maimaceje. Sect. I. 2. 3. Juta. I. MALVA. Liim. CaL cinctus involucro 3-phyIlo rarius 5-6-phyllo, bracteolis oblongis setaceisve. Car- pella capsularia plurima in orbem disposita. Sect. Malvastrum. DC. * floribus pwrpureia v. cameia, 1. M. rottmdi/blia ; caule prostrato, foliis cordato-orbiculatis obtusissime 5-lobatis, pedunculis fructiferis declinatis. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 969. EimL Bot. p. 1092. Purah, Fl. Am. V. 2. p. 454. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 162. Hab. About Montreal and Quebec, in oultiratad plains. Mri. Percival; Mrs. Sh^ppard; Dr. Sieh- ardton. 2. M. Munroana ; herbacea, albido-tomentosa, foliis subrotundis cordatis subquinque- lobis dentatis, involucello setaceo, pedunculis terminalibus paniculatis. Lindl. — Douglas, MSS. in Herb. Hort. Soc.— Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t 1306. Hab. Common on the arid, bsmn, sandy deserts of the Columbia, from the " Great Falls" to the Rocky Moontains, covering the ground with scarlet, as Pqpaver Bhteas does in our country. DougUu. .| /RMmw.] MALVACBA lOT S. M.rivularit; caule herboceo Btellato-pubescente, foliis ■cabriusculis cordatia pro- funda 5-7-fidi8, lobis acutis grosse Herrutis, pedunculia terminalibua axillaribusque elongatis 6-8-floria racemoiiis foliosin, calyce Htellatim tomentoRo, iiivolucellis vetaceis, fructu hirsutissimo.— Ddi^&m, MSS. in Herb. Hort. Soc. PcrenDb. Caulit 8-4 pedalia, htrlwMUi, ruaofui, robaitui, ismiqu* iteUatim pub«iMntM. Folia ampla, inperne btriuMuU, inflw pilU rarU ruuwi* loabim, PedimcuH itolUtim tomaatMi, imMmoti. Pedicetti ad buin folio ptrro ioitraoti, broTM, •notL Flor** magnitudino Milva rotmuHfiAim, albi t«1 oarnai. Hab. Common on tb« banks in North-Wett AoMrioa, from the ooean to tha Rooky Mountains. Fi. Juna— August DamgUu. * * florHnu ftmit. * 4. M. hederacea; " perennis, ubique dense stellato-tomentosa incona, caule brevi herbaceo procumbente, foliis petiolatis cordatis integris sublobatisque crenato-serratis subplicatio, pedunculis axillnribus unifloris, petalis dorao marginibusque stellatim pubea- centibua." — Douglaa, MSS. in Herit. Hort. Soc. PlatUa psTfa. Cauitt veniu basin divisi, flexuosi. Folia undam Uts, reniftnrmi^ordata, crssrinsfflila, subrigida, venosa, venii subtus prominentibus, luperne depraasis, ut folia subpUoata vidcantur, maifina vix lobata, crenato-semto. Petioli foliis subbreviorea. Peduneuli patiolia acaquilongions, graoilaa, uniflori. Calyx 5-fiduR, aegmentii aoutia, ad basin inToluoellis 3 deoiduis sotacais oinotua. Pet 108 TILIAOBA [TUta. 3. SIDA. Cm. CaL nudui, 5-fldui, sapo nngulatui. Styhu npice multifidui. Cttrptlla capiularia 5-80, circa axim verticillatn, plun minuive inter ae coalito, 1-locularia, mono-aut-oligosporma, iipice tnutica aut ariittata. DC. Sect. I. Malvinda. Medik. 1. S.malwefhra: foliii rodicalibus aubrotundatia O-lobatis hani truncatia, lobia apice tridentatis, caulinia (^partitia, laciniia linearibua aululontatia, raccmo tcrminali, carpellia niiiticia. LindL—De CamL Prodr. v. 1. p. 474. LinM. in Bot. Reg. t. 1036. Hab. Conuaon on the pUina of tha Multnonuk and Uniptqua tirtn; alto near the tea at Cape Orford, North-Weat Amerioa.— If thi« pUnt be rightly referred to the S. maht^fiora of Oe Cand., it ia a native alio of Meiioo, and perhapa of all the intermediate country near the ooaat 8. S. coccinea ; atellato-pubescena incano, caulibus crectis fuliia longe pctiolatia prtv fundc tripartitiii fere ternntis, segnicntiii luteralibus bipartitis, intermedio triftdi), racemia terminalibus foliosis. — De Ctmd. Prodr. v. 1. p. 465.— Malva cuccinea. *' Fraaet'a Cat." Bot. Mag. L 1678. Nutt. Gen. v. 2. p. 81. Hab. On the pbina of the Saakatchawan. DrwiMHm//.— There certainly ia no invohure to the calyx of thii plant, only a aolitary linear^ubuUte braetaat hence, with De Candolle, I refer it to Sida: but, it muit be <«nfeMed, in habit and in the rich acarlet hue of ita flowera, it much reaemblea Malva Mmrwrna, with which Mr. DougUa comparea it The germen ia globoee, denaely oorered with a white, compact, cobwebby sub- stance. Cap$ukt 1 -eeeded, about 6, rery compactly and oircuUrly arranged, aa in Matia, forming a aome what tranarenely-oblong Jhut, depreaaed in the centre. The eaptuUi are eaaily aeparated in maturity, and are indebiacent. Obd. XVIII. TILIACEiE. Juss. I. TILIA. Linn. Cat. 5-partitus, deciduus. Pet. 5, intus aut nuda aut squamula aucta. Stam. plurimo, Hlanientis liberis aut subpolyadelphis. Ovar. globosum, villosum, l-stylunii 5 loculis loc. dispermis. Nux coriacea, abortu l-loc., l-S-spermo. CotyUdones sinuato-dentats. — Arbores cortice flexUi^ Ugno lavi. DC. 1. T. glabra; foliis profunde cordatis abrupte acuminatis argute serratis subcoriaceis giabris, petalis apice truncatis crenatis, stylo petaiis oequali, fructu ovato subcostuto. — Vent. Diss. p. 9. f. 2. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 362. ElKott, Carol, v. 2. p. 2.— T. americanu. Linn. Sp. PL p. 733. Mich. Arb. (ed. Am.) v. 3. t. 131. Bigd. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 214.— T. canadensis. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 306. Hab. Throughout Canada. (Laify Dalhtmiie / Mr». Sheppard; Mr». Percival ;) and in the interior, aa far aa Norway Houae; Or. Richardson ; Drummondi Douglas.— The bark of thia tree, which ia called Bass- wood, ia employed for a variety of economical purpoaea where a coarae kind of cordage ia required : and the wood ia used by cabinet and carriage-makers. Mr. DougUa apeaka of thia aa one of the moat ornamental Slid useful treea in Canada. 2. T. pubescens ; foliis basi truncatis subcordatis obliquis denticulato-serratis subtus pubescentibus, petalis emarginatis, stylo petalis longiore, fructu globose laevi. DC. — Ifyptrieunt,] HYPERIOINEA. 109 Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. h v. 9, p. S19. t^ent. Dim. p. 10. t. 8. Mieh. Arb. (ed. Am.) v. 8. t. 188. — T. americano. WcUt. Hab. About QntbM. Mi .i '^Kq^rd. MtorM M Lake 8L (7Ulr, and naar Sudwieb. Damglai. 18 Obd. XIX. HYl'ERICINEiE. Jttst. I. HYPEHICUM. Z. 279. Hab. About Quebec. Mrs. Percival, 6. H. canadense ; caule herbaceo erecto acute qundrangulo, foliis lanceolatis lineari- busve subacutis pellucido-punctatis, subtus nigro-punctatis, panicula terminali dicho- toma, sepalis lanceolatis acuminatis, stylis 3 brevissimis, capsula conica calycem vix superante.— Zinn. Sp. PI. p. 1104. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 79. Pursh, PI. Am. v. 2, p. 378. Elliott, Carol v. 2. p. 24. Bigd. PI Bost. ed. 2. p. 280. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 550.— fi. minimum ; statura minore, foliis angustioribus, floribus paucioribus. Hab. Throughout Canada, and to Lake Winipeg. br. Bichardson, Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. New- foundland. Mr, Morrison, — Flowers small, pale-yellow. 7. H. guinquenervium ; annuum, caule herbaceo obscure tetragono, foliis (parvis) ellip- ticis obtusis obscure 5-nerviis pellucido-punctatis subtus fusco-punctatis, panicula foliosa, sepalis lanceolatis obtusis capsula eliiptica brevioribus, stylis 2-3 urevissimis. — " WaU. Car. p. 190." Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 79. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 550 H. parviHorum. mUd. Sp. PI. V. 3. p. 1456. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 24. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 280.— H. mutilum. Linn. Hab. Canada, to Lake Winipeg. Dr, Richardson, Frequent in Upper Canada. Douglas, — A small annual species, with slender erect stems, pa^jcled above. Leaves scarcely half-an-inch long. — De CandoUe refers to this species also the H, steUarioides of Humb., a native of the Andes of South America. 8. H. eUipticum; caule erecto herbaceo superne subramoso acuto 4-angulo, foliis ellipticis obtusissimis pellucido-punctatis et obscure fusco-punctatis, corymbis parvis terminaUbus, sepalis oblongis patentibus valde inaequalibus nervosis foliaceis, stylis 2-3 arete in unum coalitis. Radix repens atque fibrosa, ut videtur perennis. (kadis erectus, spithanueua ad pedalem et ultra, erectns, subgi^'iilis, acute tetragonus, superne solummodo divisus, ramulis brevibus plenunque sterilibus. Folia opp.593. fl» AOERINE^. [Acer. Hab. Canada, (JlficAaux,) to Lake Winipeg. Br. Richardson. Newfoundland. Dr. Morrison.— A small tree, &-10 feet h^fb, with ample leaves that are ooanely serrated. Flowers very inconspicuous, in long upright racemes. Fruit small, purple-red. 3. A. macrophyUum; foliis (amplississimis) profunde 5-lobis demum glubriusculis, lobis oblongis subcuneatisve obtusiusculis sinuato-incisis, racemis pendulis, petalis obovatis, fructibus pubescentibus alis subdivergentibus glabris. (Tab. XXXVIII.) — Pursh, 27. Am. V. 1. p. 267. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 594. Arbor 40-90 pedalis, nunis patentibus. Faiia ampla, non raro pedalia, longe petiobita, profunde palmato- 5-fida, craisiuscula, subcoriacea, sinubus obtusis, lobis oblongis oblongo^uneatisve, obtusis, lateralibus subin- tegerrimis, intennediis sinuato-lobatis, lobis Bubacuminatis ; folia juniora omnino pubescenti-hinmta, adulta fere glabra, nisi subtus et in azillis venarum. Bacemi longi, penduli, multiflori. Bractea lineares, glabri. PedtceUi sub&sciculati raohisque ghkbri. Cali/x ghiber, foliolis ovalibus. Petala calyce nugora, obovate. Stem. 10, an semper? Filam. basi hirsuta. Oermina pilis rigidis aouleiformibus erectis hispidissima. Frmtus uajusculus, hispidus vel snbnudus. Alee, nonnuoquam 3, erecto-divetgentes, margino extemo recto, intemo couTexo. Hii& North -West coast of America. Memies, in Herb, nostr. On the Great Rapids of the Columbia. Lewis (in A(r«A).^Common between 40° and 50° of N. lat ; exclusively confined to the mountainous woody country along the coast, which seldom exceeds 8° or 2° 30" of long. Douglas; Dr. Scouler. Its eastern station on the Columbia is four miles above the " Grand Rapids." Douglas. — This noble tree was unquestionably discovered by our countryman Mr. Menzies, the first Naturalist who visited the coast where it grows ; and it could not but be noticed by every succeeding Botanist, for Mr. Doughs observes, " it is one of the most graceftil of trees in the country it inhabits, varying from 40 to 00 feet in height, and from 6 to 16 feet in the circumference of its trunk. The branches are widely spreading ; the barh rough, brown ; the wood soft, but beautifully veined. It contains perhaps as much sap as any species, except A. sacchariman, but is not used by the natives. The flowers are yellow, very fragrant, appearing in April and May. It will, at some future time, constitute one of our most ornamental forest-trees in England." Tab. XXXVIII. Fig. 1, Fructified branch:— nofttro/ size, nifled. Fig, 4, Young leaf: — natural size. Fig. 2, Raceme: do.; flg. 3, Stamen :—ffl'«.iSh|yar4; Mr. CUghom; and aa &r north aa th« Saakatohawan. Dr. BkhardDM; Dnmmmd. 9. O. itricta; caule eracto folioao, pedunculis umbelliferit 8-'6-florit folii circiter longitudine, stipulis obsoletis, foliolis obcordatis, petalis integris, stylis staminum interi- orum longitudine. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 684. Jacq. Ox. t. 80. / 2. Mich. Am. v. 2. p 39. Pursh, n. Am. v. 1. p. 882. EUiottt Carol, v. 1. p. 525. De CantL Prodr. v. 1. p. 692. Torrey, Fl. qf Un. St. v. 1. p. 462. Bigel. H Bost. ed. 2. p. 258. HiiB. Diy soila in upland wood* in the interior, weit of the Rooky Mountains. Douglas. • • AcetoteUa. DC. 8. O, ActtoteUa ; acaulis, rodice dentata repente, foliolis obcordatis puberulis, scapo folio longiore supra medium bibracteolato, petalis ovalibus obtusis, stylis stam. interiora sequantibus aut superantibus. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 700. EngL Bot. t. 762. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 38. Pwsht FL Am. v. 1. p. 322. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 700. Torrey, IlqfUn.SL V. I. p. 461. BigeL Fl. Boet. ed. 2. p. 257. HiiB. Canada. Purik; Mri. Shgqxirdf Mr$. PercivaL Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. North-West coast of America, in woods, frequent Douglas; Dr. Sicou/er.— The specimens from the North -West coast have unusually long and branched subterraneous stems. 4. O. trilliifblium ; acaulis, pedunculis umbelliferis petiolum oequantibusi foliis ternatis foliolis obcordatis glabris, stylis staminum interiorum longitudine. — O. macrophylla. Douglat, MSS. in Herb. Hart Soc. (non Kunth.) Hab. " North -West America, on the summits of the high mountains near the ' Chratid Btgnds^ of the river Columbia; and also in the vallies of the Rocky Mountains, on moist decayed vegetable soiL" Douglas. — " Petiole equal in length with the scape, from 6-18 inches high. Leaves gkbrous, very large, and, when the pktnt is out of flower, they may almost be taken for those of TriUiwn grand{/lorum." Douglas. Obd. XXV. RUTACE^. Juas. TniB. Dio8MEi£. De Cand. 1. ZANTHOXYLUM. Hmtib.etKmUh. Flores hermaphroditi aut abortu dioici aut monoici. Cal. 3-0-lobus stepius 4-5-par- titus. Pet tot quot calycis lobi, interdum basi connata aut libera, abortu soepe tul minorem numerum reducta imo interdum solitario, matura bivalvia 1-S-sperma. Semen nitidum. (GeBrtn.) — Frutices arboresve uspe etculeati. Folia aapius eiUema, seepe punc' tato-nlanduiosa. DC. 1. Z,fraxineum; foliis impari-pinnatis 3-^jugis, foliolis ovatis obsolete serrulatis basi tequalibus, petiolis teretibus inermibus, aculeis stipuhiribus, umbellis axillaribus. DC. — Willd. Sp. PL V. 4. p. 757. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 210. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 727. Bigel. FL BosL ed. 2. p. 376 — Z. ramiflorum. Mich. Am, v. 2. p. 235. Hab. Canada. Mkhaux, " La Grande Chaudiere." Pursh. 2. Z. tricarpum; foliis impari-pinnatis 3-5-jugis, foliolis petiolulatis oblongo-ovalibus acuminatis serrulatis basi obliquiis, petiolis ramigque aculeatis, paniculls terminalibus. CBLASTRlNBiS. no DC.-~Mkh. Am, v. 8. p. 885. Punk, Ft. Am. v. 1. p. 810. ElHott, CaroL v. 2. p. 600. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 786 — Fagara fraxlnifolia. Lam. Hab. Laohine, near Montreal S^$. Sheppard.—TUt wai tent to me by Mrt. Sheppard as the Z.fraxu neumi but it baa decidedly and itrongly agnUated petiolea, and qoite agreet with Z. triearpum of Miohaux, wbioh haa bean only oonaidered a native of CwoUaa and Oeoiipa. ScBCL. II. CALYCIFLORiE. DC. Ord. XXV. CELASTRINEiE. Br. Trib. I. Staphyleace^. DC. 1. STAPHYLEA. Zun. CeJ. 5-partitus, disco urceoluto basi tectus, lobis oblongis concavis coloratu. Pet. 5 sepalis alterna. Stam. 5 petalis alterna. Ovarium 2-S-lobuin. StyU 8-3 interdum coaliti. Caps. 2-3-locularis, loculis membranaceis intus dehiscentibus oligospermis, nunc basi nunc per totam longitudinem adnexis. Semina ossea subglobosa ad hilum truncata. Albumen tenue seu 0. Cotyledonea carnosae. — l^VMivcea foliia compositia, impari- pinnatia tr\fbliatiave, oppositia {rariaaime aliemia) ad basin petioli et /oliobnim buHptdatis ; floribua albia, racemoao-paniculatis. DC. 1. S. trifolia; foliis 3-foliolatis, foliolis ovatis acuminatis regulariter serratis juiuoribus subtus pubescentibus, stylis glabris, capsulis vesicariis. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 286. Mich. Am. V. 1. p. 184. EUiott, Carol, v. 1. p. 869. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 206. De Cand. Prodr V. 2. p. 2. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 825. Bigd. FL Boat. ed. 2. p. 121. Hab. Canada. Mr. Cleghom. Trib. II. Euonyme^. DC. 2. EU0NYMU8, Lvm. Cdl. 4>-6-lobus, planus, basi disco peltato tectus. Pet. 4-6 patentia disco inserta. Stam. 4-6, glandulis supra discum prominulis inserta, petalis alterna. Stylus I. Ctg)8. 3-5-locularis, 3-5-angularis, valvis medio septiferis; semina in loculis 1-4, pulpa aut arillo involute. Embryo viridis, rectus, in medio albuminis carnosi. — Frutices remulis tetragonia, foliis ovatia acepiua oppoaitia vix atipidaceia, pedunculia axiUaribus. DC. 1. E. atropurpwreus? ramis laevibus, foliis ovatis subacuminatis petiolatis serratis, pedunculis divnricatis multifloris, " floribus 4-iidis," fructibus laevibus. — Jaeq. Hort. Find. V. 2. 1. 120. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 155. PursA, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 168. EUiott, CaroL v. 1. p. 293. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 261. Hab. Banks of streanu about the Columbia. Douglas. — My specimen of this, which ig in fruit, aeems to accord with the E, atrofmrpureus i which, however I have not seen from the British posNtaiong east of the Rocky Mountains. 2. E. Americana; ramis ItBvibus, foliis elliptico-Ianceolatis serratis subsessUibus, pedunculis 1-3-floris, petalis suborbiculatis, capsulis verrucoso-echinatis. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 286. Mich, Am. v. 1. p. 155. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p, 292. Purahi Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 168. Torrey, Fl, qf Un. St. v. 1. p. 261. 180 CELASTRINEiE. [Sljigmda. Hab. Banlu of Lake 8t CUtir; reiy oommon, DoufrAu.— Thii ii called Strawberry •Tree, and Burning- Btuh, in the United Statee. Its fruit reeomblea that of our Arbutu* Unedo, and ita bright icarlet«olour renders it a conipiououa ornament of the woodi in America. 3. CELA8TRU8. Lmn. Cal. minimus 5-lobus. Pet, 5 unguiculatii. ^atn. b. Ovarium ])arvum in disco decern- striato immersum. Stylus I. Stigmata 2-3. Capaula 2-S-vnlvis loculicidcMrivnlvis nempe valvis medio septifcris scptis completis nut incompletis, utrin(|ue in latere interiore basi gerentibus. Semen 1 rectum, nrilio mngno ciirnoso plus minus involutuni, — Frutices Jbliia altemis, pedunculis midtifloria axUtaribua aut in pcniculam terminalem approximatit, DC. I. C. scandetu ; inermis, scandens, glaber, foliis ovalibus ncuminatis serratis, rncemis terminalibus. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 285. Mich. Am. v.\. p. 155. Purah, Fl. Am. v. \. p. 167. BigeL F(. Boat. ed. 2. p. 67. Torrey, Fl. qf Un. St. v. I. p. 262. Hab. Canada, frequent in woods and thickets. Known under the names of Bitter-Sweel, and Waxicork. TrIU. III. AgUlFOLIACEiG. DC. 4. MYGINDA. Jacg. Cal. minimus 4-fidus. Pet. 4, patentio.' Stam. 4 pctidis alterno, iis brevioru. Ovarium subrotundum, liberum iiut calycis tubo immersum et in partem udhoerens disco coronu- tum, 2-loculare, loculis I-spermis. Stylua brevis aut nullus. Stigmata 4 (an semper i*) ideo nunc ad apicem styli, nunc subsessilia. Drupa ovatu (verosim. ubortu) 1-loculnris 1-sperma. Jig. 0, Vertical section of a calyx and germen ; Jig. 7, Transverse section of do. ; Jig. 8, Ovule : — magnified. 5. ILEX. Linn. Cal. 4—5-dentutus, pcrsistens. Pet. 4-5, hypogyna (ex Kunth), sepalis alternn, nunc liberu, nunc biisi in corollain rotatnin siibcoiilitn. Slam. 4-5, petulis altcrnti, hypogyna. Ovarium sessile, 4-loculure, stigmatibus subscssilibus, 4-5, nunc distinctis nunc in 1 coalitis coronutum. Dacca 4-5-pyrenii, nucieis oblongis npice umbilicutis l-spurmis. ■Semen inversuni ; albumen ctirnosuni. Embryo in apice niduluns. — Frutices aempervirentes, /oliis sapius coriaceis, pedunculia muUifloris, floribua hermaphr., rarisaime abortu dioicia aut polygamia. DC. 1. /. opaca ; fuliis ovtitis planis coriuccis acutis sinuato-dentatis spinosis glabris non lucidis, floribus ad basin raniuloruni annutinoruni sparsis, calycinis dentibus acutis. DC. — AiL Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. I. p. 169. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 228. Purah, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 117. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 14. Torrey, Fl. qf Un. St. v. I. p. 134. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 62. Had. Canada. Pursh. — According to Pursh, this Evergreen-tree reaches to a height of eighty feet, having a trunk four feet in diameter. Probably it is only in the southern States that it attains this size. Tomy say* that, in the middle States, it is but thirty to forty feet in height, and often only a large shrub. 6. PRINOS. Linn. Onuiia Ilicia sed flores saepius abortu diuici aut polygaini 6-fidi 6-andri, et fructus 6- pyreni. — Frutices Jbliia deciduis persistentibusve, pedicellis axillaribua unifloria. DC. 1. P. verticillatua ; foliis deciduis ovalibus obovatisve acuminatis serratis subtus reti- culatis pubescentibus, fasciculis florum niasculis axillaribus umbelluliforniibus, focmineis aggregatis utrincjue 6-partitis. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 471. Purah, Fl. Am. v. \. p. 220. Elliott, Carol. V. 2. p. 706. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. I. p. 337. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 129. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 17. — V. Gronovii. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 236. Hab. Canada. Michaux. — This is the " Black Alder" of the United States. Berries red. VOL. I. m BHAMMEiB. 9. P. gUber ; folii§ iiempervirentibuii cuneatolanceolutii coriucciii glttbrii* nitidis apice subdentatis, |)edicellii nxillaribuit Nubsolitariis plcruin(|ue triflnri)). — Linn. Sp. PI, p. 471. Mich. Am. V. 8. p. 236. EttioUt Carol tv 8. p. 707. Punh, Fl. Am. v. I. p. S80. De Cand. Prodr. V. 8. p. 17. Torrey, Fl. qf Un. St. v. I. /• 338. Bigel. FL Bott. ed. 8. p. 129. Uuk CuMla. PuriS.—Btrne$ biMk ud gloMjr: hracfl tha plant U oOkd in tb* UniUd 8t«tM JU- bertff t ud MNDCtimM Evtrffrte* WinUr'Berry, 7. NEMOPANTHE8. /tq/fn. /2lDre« nbortu dioici polygainive. Cat. niinimu!! vix conspicuui. Ptt. 5 distincta oblongo-linearia deciduu. ^am. 5 pctalis* alterna. Ovarium huniiaphiEricuni hucco viscosu obductum. Stylus 0. Stigmata 3-4 NCitsiliu, in 3 vix munifesta. Bacca Mub- globusa 3-4-luculari8 3-4-tipernia. DC. 1. N. canadenria.—" De Cand. Mem. Soc. Gen. v. I. p. 44." PI. Rar. Hort. Gen. t. 3 — Ilex canadensis. itfi'cA. Am. v. 2. p. 229. t 49. Ihirah, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 118. 2'orrey, Fl. qf Un. St. V. 1. p. 194. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 62. Ham, Canada, to Hudion'i Bay. Miehaux. Newfoundland. M. Morriacm, Ord. XXVI. RHAMNE^E. Br. I. RHAMNU8. Lam. CaL 4-5-fidus, post anthcsin medio su;pe circuniscissus, basi sub fructu persistente et cum eo adhoerente. Ptt, lubis calycis alterna aut nulla. Stam. ante petala inserta. Stylua 2-4-fidus. Fructua subcxsuccus aut baccatus 2-4-locul., loculis coccisve in exsuccis separalibus 1-spermis (rarissime 2-sperniis) riinu longit. intus dehisccntibus. Semina oblonga, ad latus exterius sulco profundo basi latiore notata. — Frutices aut arbuHCulee, ramia apice interdum apineacentibua, Jbliia penninerviia, atipulia in aculeum mtnquam converaia, Flores aape \-aexualea. Fructus turn edulea, DC. 1. R. aintfoliua ; inermis, erectus, foliis deciduis ovalibus subacuminatis serratis sub- tus glabriusculis, nervis lateralibus obliquis lineatis, pediccilis I-floris uggregatis, flori- bus 4-5-fidis apetalis, stigmate trifidu. (Tau. XLII.) — L'Herit. Sert. p. 5. De Cand. Prodr. V. 2. p. 25. Torreg, Fl. qf Un. St. v. I. p. 263. — R. franguloides. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 153. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 166. — R. alpinus. Rich, in Frankl. \at Joum. ed, 2. App. p, 6. Frutex, cortic« atro-fusoo, pelliculo albo tenui tecto. Rami folioai. Folia 1-3-uncialia, lubmembnuiacMt, decidua, breriter petiolata, ovalia, apice subacuta, Tel paululum acuminata, marine serrata, glabra, juniora aolununodo aubtui obscure pubescentia, nervia lateralibus obliquis lioeata, veniwiue numerosis transversalibua reticulata. Stiptda 2, opfosita*, membranaceae, circumvoluttp, margine ciliatv, deciduie. Pedicelli axillarea, uniflori, basi stipulis circumvoluti, 4-5 lineas longi, glabri. Flores glabri pallide virides. Cali/x persistent, tubo brevi dilatato, limbo 4-5-fido, lobis acutiusculis patentibus. Ditcua tubum occupans planiusculus, margin* lato-incrassatus. Petala omnino nulla. Germen subrotundom, trilobum. Sljflut brevis, apice trilobo. Bacca nigra, magnitudine fructus Ribia nigri, calycis basi persistente suffulta. Uab. Upper Canada (Dougla*) to Lake Winipeg, the Saskatchawan and York Factory on Hudson's RHAMNBiB. Its Bajr. Dr. RiehardHmi DnmmoHdi Doughs.— Tht gtnmni atpact of thli pUtnt, pwtiMlvl/ iu folkgt, ia vtry limaar to that of K. n^iuu, but the Jlounri art varjr dUTaraat, daddadly apatakMu, tha onMari an much itaaJkr, nod tha btrri*» Urgcr and much more pulpjr. Tab. X LI U f^g, \, Paaokle of flowan i ftg. t, StIpuU \ Jig. 3. a i-fld flowar t Jig. 4, • O-fld flowar { Jig. A, Sautira c do. i yf^. 0, Staman ) Jig. 7, Barry ; Jig. N, Saadt t—magni/led. 8. i2. Purihittnua ; iiierniin, vrcctuM, fuliiH lutu-ellipticiM niinuto dcnticulatcvRorratiR aubtuM pubeacentihuH iierviH lateruiibuN oblicjuiit liiieutia, pcdunculiti uxilluribuH uinl)ulla- tia floribusquu pubcaceiitibus, calyce S-fido, petulia ininutia cucullatia. (Tab. XLIII.) — De Cand. Prodr. w. 8. p. 85.-11. iilnifolius. Purth, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 166. (mm L'Herit.) Pnittx iau arbor 10-80-pedalem altu*, Iriinco 0 uociaa diametro. Eaml torataa, Difro>fuacea«)aiite«, pubaa* oentai> Folia 3-A uudaa longa, patiolata, demum lubcoriacea, daoidua, lato^Uiptioa, bui rotundata, raro aoutiuRcuhi, noatrii exompUribui niinquam cordata, opioe obtuia nunc bre?iuime aouminata, margina dantU culit minutii aubierrata, juniora tota inagis minimvo pilii kruvibui tecta, demum lubtua aolummodo, nerriiqae prvcipiic, pubenoentia, pallida, nervia lateralibui obllqiiis lineata, vaniique obicura trannvpnalibui retlouUita. Peliuli lubuncium loiigi, pubenceiitoii. Sli/mlm cito deciduoB, Pedunculi solltaril, uncialpn nt ultra, oraaaiua- cull, umbfllati. Pedicelli ctinm pubeacciitoi, duai lineai IodkI, demum, ut et pedunculi fructiferi, elongatl. Caljfi extui puboicenM, demum circumuiHua : Tubui lubhemiiphtericua, diico interne tectua : limbo 9-fido, aegiuc;:tia acuti* erecto-putentibua, intui carinatii. Petaln minuta, cuoulUta, apica bifida, in linubua oalycit inaerta, RO|fmentb breviora, valda conoava, cucullata. Stam. petalia oppoaita, et iia fere circumroluta. Filamenta breviuima : Anthertt subgloboaas. Oermen parrum, ovatum : Sh/lu» germine brevior : Stigma obtunim, lubtrilobum. Fruettu: Bacca lato-obpyriformia, 3-locularii, 3-iperma. Semina obovata, atra, nitidiuima, domo convoxo, facie interiori liiica media clevata, bani ad hilum llara. Hab. North-Weat America. Nootka. Mr. Menxies, Banka of Kuoxkooaky. Lewis, (in Purih.) Common on the banka of the Columbia, iu dry loili near the outakirta of Pine-foreita, — If thia bo the R. abtifoliua of Purah, aa ia very pk'obuble, judging not only from the aimilarity of the leavea to thoae of our jUder, but alio from the country where Mr. Lewiii found hii gpocimena, (very near to the Columbia,) the leaves are not " cordate at the baie," nor are the pedunclea " twice bifid." Tab. XLIII. Fig. 1, Umbel of flowera) Jig. 8, Section of a flower; Jig. 3, Berry :—(mi. 118. Hab. Canada. Michaux. Near Quebec. Mrs. Percival. — The R. viridiflora of Poir. and De Cand. {R. canadensis. Mill. Diet.) is probably only a less hairy variety of this. Berries velvety, rich-purple. 2. R. glabra; foliis 8-10-jugis, petiolis immarginatis ramisque glabris, foliolis lanceo- lato-oblongis acuminatis serratis subtus albicantibus. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 380. Mich. Am. V. 1. p. 182. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 204. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 361. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. V. \.p. 322. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 67. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 118. Hab. Canada ; and as far north as the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson. — Berries clothed with a down which is said to contain the malic acid. The leaves are astringent, and used in tanning. I have not ventured to introduce the R. capallinum as a native of the British Settlements, because, though found in the adjoining territories of the United States, I have never seen Canadian specimens. 3. R. venenata; foliis 3-6-jugis (deciduis) glubriusculis, petiolo aptero, foliolis, ovato- oblongis acuminatis integerrimis. — De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 68. — R. vernix. Linn. Sp. PL p. 380. (noil Mat. Med.) Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 183. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 205. Elliott, Carol, v.l. p. 362. Torrey, FL of Un. St. v. I. p. 323. BigeL Ft. Bost. ed. 2. p. U9, Med. Bot. t 10. Had. Canada. Pursh. — This is the famous Poison-Sumnch, Swamp -Sumach, or Poison-Elder, of the United States. An admirable history of it is given in the Medical Botany of Dr. Bigelow, above-quoted. Berries glabrous, almost white. iUtM.] TEREBINTHACBiE. 127 * * Foliis trifoliolatia, folioh medio petiolato. ' 4. R, radicatu; caule rudicante, foliis 3-foliolatis, folioli? ovato-rotundatis rhomboi- deisve acutis seu ncutninatis glabris integris. — Linn. Sp. Pl.p.SSl. Elliott, Carol, v. I. p. 363. Bigel. Med. Bot. t. 42, H. Boat. erf. 2. p. 120. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 69 R. Toxi- codendron, M. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 183. Purth, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 205. — R. Toxicodendron, ;8. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 322. Hab. Throughout Canada, to the Saskatchawan. JJr. Richardson; Dtwnmond, North -West America ou " Mount Hood," and the " Blue Mountains." Douglas, 5. R. Toxicodendron; caule erecto debili, foliis 3-foliolatis, foliolis ovato-rotundatis subrhomboideis acutis seu acuminatis inciso-angulatis. — Linn, Sp. PI. p. 381. Elliott, Carol. V. 1. p. 363. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 69 «. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 323. — fi. quercifolia. Mich. Am, v. 1. p. 183. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 205. Had. Canada; and, I believe, in the same localities as the preceding. Purth; Mr, Cleghom; Dr, Bichr ardson; Dntmmond; Douglas. — American Botanists are at variance with regard to the distinctive characters of this and the preceding species. Nuttall says they are certainly different; but most other authors either unite them, or speak with doubt as to the value of their presumed marks of distinction. 6. R. lobata ; caule stricto, ramulis brevibus foliosis, foliis trifoliolatis, foliolis ovatis obtusissimis varie lobatis, lobis obtusis, sinubus acutis, paniculis laxis petiolo longioribus. (Tab. XLVI.) Frutex erectus, 3-4-pedali8, ramis teretes, junioribus solummodo pubescentibus, ramulis numerosis, brevibus, pateutibus, foliosis. Folia longe petiolata, trifoliolata, foliolis ovatis, unciam ad duas uncias longis, obtusissimis, membranaceis, basi nunc acutis, nunc rotundatis truncatisve, subtus pnecipne pubescentibus, profunde et varie lobatis, terminali sublonge petiolulato, utrinque subsequaliter lobato, lobis pnecipuis sab- tribus, foliolis lateralibus margine exteriori magis profunde lobato. Flores (masculini) flavi, in racemis laxis, folio brevioribns, petiolo longioribus. Sractea ad basin ramulorum oblongs, ciliatn. CaL profunde 5-partitus, laciniis oblongis. Petala 5, r-Uycis laciniis multo longiora, obovata, basi in unguem sensim attenuata, dorso venosa. Stamina 5, 'ecta, petalis pnrum breviora. Filamenta subulata. Anthera majuscuke, ovatw, pallide flavae, loculis subappositis. Stylus parvus, e centro disci pateriformis, in fundo calycis siti, nargine elevato crispato. Hab. Common on the outskirts of woods, in dry soils of North-West America. Plentiftil at Fort-Van- couver. Douglas, — Although nearly allied, as this assuredly is, to the two preceding species, I nevertheless venture to consider it distinct Its general hp.bit is very different, having erect straight stems, and numerous smally leafy branches. The leaflets, besides that they are deeply lobed, with acute sinuses, are truly ovate, very obtuse, and greatly smaller than in any state of R, Toxicodendron, or R, radicans which I have seen : the panicles, too, are exceedingly numerous, and large in proportion to the size of tho leaf. Tab. XLVI. Fig, 1, Outside view of a male flower; fig. 2, View of the upper side of a male flower; Jig, 3, Stamen ; Jig, 4, Petal; fig, 5, Disk from the bottom of the calyx, and style from the male flower : — ntagnified. Sect. II. Lobadium. Rqf. 7. R.aromatica; foliis trifoliolatis, foliolis sessilibus inciso-crenatis subtus pubescen- tibus, intermedio rhombeo, Interalibus ovato-rhombeis, floribus in amentis coinpactis dispositis. — Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 1. p. 367. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 184. Pursh, Fl. Am. V. I. p, 205. Elliott, Carol, v. I. p. 364. Turpin, in Ann. du Mus. v. 5. p. 445. t. 30. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. I. p. 324. i'V ,- m LEOUMINOSiE. [Thermoptit. Hab. Canada. " La Grande Chaudidre." Pursh, MSS. Thence, as far north as the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson, — Mr. Pursh says the it. maveolens, Ait, is only the male of this species. The injloreteenee is widely different from that of any other of the genus. Ord. XXVIII. LEGUMINOSiE. Juss. SuBORD. I. Papilionace£. Linti. Trib. I. Sophore;e. Spr. Cor. papilionacea. Stam. libera. Cotyledones foliaceoe. DC. 1. THERMOP8I8. Br. Col. oblongus campanulatusvc 4--5-fidus subbilabiatus postice convexus basi attenu- atus. Pet. 5 subaequalia, vexillo lateribus reflexis, carina obtusa. Stam. persistentia. Legumm compressum falcatuir aut lineare polyspermum. — Herbx perennes sericeO'Villosa. Folin. trifoliolata. Stipulse ovato-lanceolatcejbliacea. Racemi terminales,Jloribusp€diceUatia geminis aut subvertidUatis flavia. DC. 1. T. rhombifolia ; foliis petiolatis, foliolis rhombeo-ovatis subcuneutis, stipulis ovatis cordatisve acutis petiolo .subceque longis, racemo interrupto, leguminibus falcatis com- pressis. (Tab. XLVII.) — Nutt. Gen. v. 1. p. 283, (sub Thermia.) Rich, in Frankl. \st Joum. eJ. 2. p. \3. De CaneL Prodr. v. 2. p. 99. — Cytisus rhombifolius. Pursh, Fl. Am. V. 2. p. 741. Radix perennis, subfusiformis, superne divisa. Caules 3-4 ex eadem, radice, erecti, herbacei, parce ramosi. Ptotfa junior caulibus foliibque pilis sericeis vestita, demum glabriuscula. Folia petiolata, trifoliolata, foliolis sessilibus subrhonibeo.oboTatis, acutiusculis, infeme cuneatis. Slipula maxinue, ovat» cordatrnve, foliacece, persistentes, virides, non raro unciam longee, petiolo subteque longie. Pedunculus subterminalis, sed fere semper o basi rami annotini, et ita lateralis, racemosus. Racetma oblongus, 10-12-florus, floribus inferiori- bus subintemiptis, pedicellis brevibus, sericeis. Braclea obovntte, longitudine fere calycis. Calyx oblongo- oampanulatus, sericeus, 5-fidus, sen potius 4-fidu8, segmentis subaequalibus, superiore bi6do. Corolla flava. Vexillum obovatum, obtusum, primum lateribus inflexis demum subreflexis. AIcb obtusK, longitudine vexilli et carinse obtuste. Stamina 10, libera, membranacea. Anthera omnes fertiles, subrotundae. Gertaea lineare, rectiusculum, dense sericeum. Stylus sursum curvatus, carina vix longior. Stigma obtusum. Legu- men valde falcatum, fere digitale, compresso-planum, marginatum hie illio constrictum, 3-6-spennum, stylo persistente acuminatissimum. Hab. About the Saskatcbawan. Dr. Richardson ; Douglas ; Drummond. — In general aspect, this bears a great resemblance to the Sophora alpina of Pallas ; but there the leaflets are much narrower, and the stipules temate. Tab. XLVII. Fig, 1, Vexillum ; /ig. 2, Ate ; ^g. 3, Carina ; flg. 4, Calyx, brectea, stamens, and pistil :— magnified. Fig. i, Fruit: — natural size, 2. T. fabacea ; foliis petiolatis, foliolis lato-ovalibus, stipulis lato-ovatis obtusis petiolo brevioribus, racemo alterniiloro. — De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 99. — " Sophora fabacea. Pall. Aatr. p. 122. t. 90. f. 2." — S. lupinoicles, a. Linn. Anuen, v. 2. p, 250.? Hab. Kamtschatka. Pattas. Near the sources of the Rivers " Utalla " and " Wallawallah," in the vallies of the Blue Mountains in North -West America. Douglas. — My specimen under this name from Mr. Doughis, has the leaves thrice as large, and the peduncles thrice as long as in the preceding species. 3. T. lanceolata ; foliis subsessilibus infimis summisque simpiicibus stipulwfurmibus, JUeliloHu.] LEOUMIKOSiB. 189 cffiteris trifoliolatis, foliolis oblongo-lanceolatis, stipulis petiolo duplo et ultra longioribus, floribus geminis, pedicellis calyce brevioribus. DC. — Br. in Hoti. Kew. ed. 2. v. 3. p. 3. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 99.— Sophora lupinoides. «« Ptdl. Astr. t. 89."— Podalyria lupinoides. Willd. Sp. PL v. 2. p. 504. , Hab. KomtMhatka. Demidoff, {in WiUd,)-'! poMess this ipedes from IVofenor Ledebonr, which, •• well >8 tlie T. Corgoneiuii, De Cuid. (Sophora alpina, PalL) he gathered on the Altaic Monntaina. 8. BAPTISIA. Vent. ' ' > Cal. seini-4-5-fidus bilabiatus. Pet. 5 subaequalia, vexillo lateribus reflexis. Stam. decidua. Legumm ventricosum pedicellatum polyspermum. — Herbse Boreali-Americatue. Flores racemosi. DC. 1. B. tinctoria ; valde ramosa, foliis brevissime petiolatis ramisque glabris summis ses- silibus, foliolis late-obovatis cuneatis, stipulis subulatis minutissimis deciduis, racemis tertninalibus paucifloris, leguminibus oblongis longe stipitatis. — Br. in HorL Kew. ed. 2. V. 3. p. 5. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 100. EllHt, CaroL v. 1. p. 467. — Sophora tinctoria. Linn. Sp. PL p. 534. — Podalyria tinctoria. Sims, Bat, Mag. t. 1099. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 308. BigeL FL Bost. ed. 2. p. 170. Hab. Canada. Pursh. — This, as well as the following, turns bktck in drying. It is known in North America under the name of Wild Indigo, and a considerable quantity of inferior indigo is prepared from it 2. B. alba ; superne ramosa, foliis breve petiolatis ramisque glabris, foliolis obovatis obtusissimis, stipulis lineari-acuminatis deciduis petiolo brevioribus, racemis longis multifloris, leguminibus cylindraceis. — Br. in Hort. Kew. ed. 2. v. 3. p. 6. De Cand. Prodr. V. 2. p. 100. Elliott, Cand. v. I. p. 469. — Crotalaria alba. Linn. Sp. PL p. 1006.-:^ Podalyria alba. Willd.— Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 308. Sims, Bet. Mag. t. 1177. Hak Lake Erie. Mr. Goldie. Trib. II. LoTEiE. DC. Embryo homotropus. Cor. papilionacea, Stam, out monoddpha out more ordinis diadelpha (9 et 1.) Legumen continuum unHocuhxre, out rarius sutura altera intrqflexa biloadare. Cotyledones planiuscula, per germinationem in folia stomati- bus donata conversa. DC. 3. MEDICAGO. Zinn. Ccd. subcylindricus 5-fidus. Carina e vexillo subremota. Stam. diadelpha. Legumen polyspermum forma varium, semper falcatum vel in spicam contortum. — Herbae aut frutices. Stipulae scepius incisa. Folia petiolata, fere in omnibus ^Jbliolatat Jbliolis sape dentatis. Pedunculi axiUares uni-bi-aut-multiflori. Flores flavi. DC. 1. M. lupulina; procumbens, foliolis obovato-cuneatis, stipulis subintegris, floribus spicato-capitatis, leguminibus reniformibus monospermis. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 1097. Et^L Bot.p. 971. Pursh, Fl Am. v. 2. p. 490. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 172. Hab. Canada. Pursh i Mrs. Percival, — Introduced, in all probability, from Europe. 4. MELILOTUS. Toum. CaL tubulosus 5-dentatus. Carina simplex, ake vexillo breviores. Legumen calyce VOL. I. B 180 LEOUMINOSA. [THJbUum. longius, coriaceum, mono-aut oligospermum vix dehiscens, forma varium. — Herbae stipula petMo adnata. Folia pinnatim S-foKoleOa, fdioita aape dentatu. Flores kae racemoai, jlavi aut rariw aibi, DC. 1. M. officinalis ; leguminibus dispermis ovatis rugosis, racemis laxis, coroUis calyce plusquam duplo longioribus, petalis subaequalibus, caule erecto. Willd. — De Cand. Prodr. V. 2. p. 186. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. Vtl. Elliott^ Carol, v. 2. p. 199.— Trifolium officinale. Linn. — Etigl. BM. t. 1340. • Hab. About Montreal and Quebec. Xat/yDoOotMie; ilfr«. Percivo/. — NatunJixed. ., \_r 5. TRIFOLIUM. Lim. Cat. tubulosus persistens eglandulosus 5-fidus, laciniis subulatis. Carina alls et vexillo brevior. Stamina diadelpha. Legumen parvuni vix dehiscens saepius ovatum 1-2- spermum calyce brevius et ab eo tectum, rarius oblongum 3-4-spermum calycem paululum superans. — Herbae. Stipulse petivio adnata. Folia palmatim tri-aut rarissinte &-foliolata. Flores capitati out dense spicati, bracteacti, purpwrei, albi aut ochroleuci. Vet&Xa in quibusdam omnia inter se basi coalita. DC. Sect. I. Lagofus. Ser. 1. T. eUtissimum} glaberrimum, caule erecto elato, foliolis lineari-lanceolatis denticu- latis petiolo longissinio, supremis subsessilibus, stipulis lanceolato-acuniinatis petiolo utrinque adnatis, capitulo oblongo, calycibus glaberrimis, dentibus 4 superioribus tortuosis. (Tab. XLVIII.)— i)ou^/fl«, MSS. in Herb. Hort. Soc. Cauli* erectus, strictus, 2-3-pedaIi8, herbaceus, striatus, glaber, guperne parce ramosua. Folia trifoliobta, glabra, eaulina radicaliaque longiggime petiolata; suprema subsessilia, omnia lineari-lanceolata, apiculata, Bubtilissime oblique striata, minute denticulata, pallide viridia, rigida. Stipulas magnte, foliaceie, Btriatte, longigsinue, lineari-lanceoktie, acuminatae, apice integrae vel denticulatie, petiolo utrinque per totam fere longi- tudinem adnatae, cauli appressip, niargiue anteriorc liberie. PeduncuU subtenninales, digitem et ultra longi, glabri. Capitula ovalia, multiflora, ebracteata. Flores majusculi, rubri, inferiores reflexi. Calyces dense diapoiiti, glaberrimi, striati, membranacei. Tubus campanulatus, subinflatui, dentibus 4 suparioribua tequali- bus tubi longitudine, insigniter circa tubum corolln (utrinque duobus) subspiraliler incurris et quasi tortuosis, dente inferiore rellquis longiore tubum corolke aequante, recto. Corolla calyce duplo longior; petalis stamiuibusque in tubum simplicem basi inflatum unitis. Germen ovatum, compressum, Iteviter mar- ginatum, glabrum, monospermum. Stylus longus, filiformis, glaber. Stigma obtusum. Hab. Abundant in North -West America, between the Spohm River and Kettle Falls of the Columbia. Ft. June— August. Douglas. — The somewhat spiked heads of flowers, and the great a£Bnity in habit of thia plant with the following, have induced me to place it in the family of " Lagopus" although it departs from it in the entirely glabrous calyces. The structure of this calyx is very remarkable : the lower tooth or segment alone is straight, the four upper ones, two on each side the corolU, bend downwards and inwards in a sort of spiral manner, so as to surround the tube of the latter, their points meeting on the opposite side. At first, these teeth appear to be unnaturally twisted and distorted ; but when they are examined with care, the mode and direction of the curvature are found to be invariably the same. Tab. XL VIII. Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Calyx laid open, and seen from within; ^9. 3, Front view of the Corolht; fig. 4, Pistil :—ma<7nt/?e« Cmrnm<)iso pntcnti-villosUNimn, AiUIn pnlnmtim S-folioliitis nppress<>-hir.oun«atiii, i'rtiolus digiulit et ultra, patoiiti'villoiuii. Pedunculut axlUariii, aolitariua, fulio luuKiur, pateutUpilunuf. lUtcemua tpicam ulongatam bracteoiam clTormanii, 3-4 uiiciuii Ioiikuh, nowpiiuiiciara latui, albidu-villosua. Bractea llorcm lub- vquBiiteii, lanuoolativ, folinceu!, virid<>ii, aupurioreo aubisi'riilnscoiitoa. Ciilyx fore unclatn lon^i, pilis longit albii hinutui. Tuhui broviuoculuii, Huboanipnnulatiiii, ini>inbruimi^<>ui, laciuilii fuliaceU 4 luporioribiu litiearU lanoeolatii corolla paulo brevloribui, iiifvrioro niujoru Iniivoulata corullam lubaMjiiuntc. Corolla : Vexillum ovale, album, inlornu in uiikuoiii atteiiiiatiiin, ad biwiii laraiiiiH utriiu|ue Hubcallnaum. Carina cu>rulun ciin alii uiiita. Stamiim diadulplia, I, 0, tubo ud upiuoiii in deiitibun latii autherlferis alternim loogioribiu fiuo. Orrmrii obloii);uro, glabruin. Stylua 1oii((im, vubiilatUH, iiifvrue hirautisiiiraiu, apiue luniim curvatua. Stiipim vapitatiim. Haii. Plains of the Saxkatohaivan from Carlton-I louse to Gdmonton-House. Drummond ; Douglan This, Mr. Doii;;la8 observes, is tlie Navet de Prairie of tlio (Canadian " Voyaijeura" : and, 1 must conft-as, tliat had I been loft to jud^o of the specicn solely from tlie tigxiTe and description of Pursh, I iiliould have had no hesitation in conaiderin); it as Psoraiiii rsnilenta ; but Mr. Doujflaa, who bus compared the plant with Lowis and Clarke's original spccimiMiiof P.rsr.ulentii, in Mr. Lamberl's Herbarium, pronounces it to bo quite distinct) although the chief dilferencea he mentions are tho more slender habit, and longer and laxer spikes of our phint. Again, he observes that tho P. esculenta of Nuttiill, of which an original specimen is likewiKc in tho Lambcrtian Herbarium, is diatiiict from both ; and, indeed, Mr. Nitttull describes it as nearly Ntemlc^s. The roots, though stringy, dry, and tough, anK)blongU glabris. — Douglas, MSS. in Herb. Hart. Soc. Badii. perenDis. Cadis pedalis, gUber, ttriatiu, valde ramotua. FoUa pinnata ; foliolis unoialibus ob- longo-ellipticia obtiuis vel retiuis, baai nuno lubouneatia, subtus pallidia glanduloio>punctati*, supra, «iooitate, puleherrime mnigiDoaia. I^frioa aolitaria, termioalia, pedunouLtta, obloDgo-oylindracea, craaia, multiflora. Braettm ralde himitn, labulatw, oalydbua hinutiMimia lougiorea. Pttfda violacea. H&B. Frequent in the arid Prairiee near the Blue Mountains of Lewis River, North -West America. Douglas. — This is perhaps the most beautiful spedea of the genus, and well deserving of the name which Mr. Douglas has given to it The ^ikes are hu^e, densely dothed with spreading silky hairs, among which the rose^>oloured petals appear. The haves are perhaps more remarkable in their dry than in their fresh state ; for in the Herbarium, the upper-side becomes of a rich verdigris^green. The same ohange of colour tak'es phice, though in a very inferior degree, in some of the specimens of P. candidum in my collection. 9. GLYCYRHIZA. Linn. CaL nudus, tubulosus, 5-fidu8, bilabiatus, lobis nempe 2 superioribus ultra alios con- cretis. Cor. vexiUum\ ovato-lanceolatum, rectum carina biceps aut dipetala recta acuta. &am, diadelpha. Stylus filiformis. Legumen ovatum aut oblongum, compressum, 1-loculare 1-4-sperinum. — Herbae perennes. Radices dulcissinuB. Folia impari-pinnata. Racemi aasillares. Flores carvki violacei aut aBn. DC. 1. G. lepidota; foliolis oblongo-lanceolutis mucronatis subtus vix strigosis glanduloso- sublepidotis, racemis spicatis oblongis laxis pedunculatis folio brevioribus, leguminibus oblongls 2-4-seu 6-spermis setis uncinatis echinatis. — Nutt. in Fraser's Cat. Purah, Fl. Am. V. 2. p. 480. NuU. Gen. v. 2. p. 106. Bot. Mag. t. 2150. HikB. Banks of the Saskatchawan. Ihwnmond,—" This," itfr. Douglas observes, " has perhaps a greater range than almost any other plant in North America. It is common in the western territories of the United States, (where, oc the banks of the Missouri, at St Louis, it was first discovered by Bradbury,) throughout the temperate parts of the British Possesaions, (as about Hudson's Bay, the Red, Saskatchawan, Assinaboin, and Athabasca Rivers,) and upon all the intervening pUins; and is equally abundant oi. the west side of the Rocky Mountains, from the source of the Columbia to its confluence with the sea, and from Qape Mendodna, in lat. 47°, to Puget Sound on the shores of the Pacific." It is, therefore, not without reason that Mr. Nuttall suspected this was the Liquorice, mentioned by Sir A. Mackenzie as indigenous to the coasts of the Pacific Ocean, which Dr. Richardson determined to bo the Hedysarum Machenzii. It will be remarkable if this species should prove the same as a North African one. Mr. NuttaU, indeed, alludes to its simihuity with the G. fxtida of Desfontuines; observing, that, like that, it emits a somewhat disagreeable resinous odour: but he does not say how they differ. I have compared our American species both with Desfontaines' description and figure, and with spedmens gathered by Saltzman at Tangiers; and I confess, as far as can be judged from these authorities, I can find no distinguishing character whatever. The DHiiber of seeds is variable in both. The little scales on the underside of the leaves are the same in both, and they we formed by a resinous exudatioL from the glands, which abound, as in Psoralea and Petaloslemon, and which are scarcely different in cobiur from the leaf itself. 10. TEPHR08IA. Pers. Cal. ebracteolatus subeequalis S^entatuj. CoroUce vexillum amplum subrotundum extus ilMOtpAa.] LEOUMINOSA 189 sericeum aut pubesens patenti-reflexum, o&e carina obtusse adherentes. Stamina varie connexa, monadelpha aut diadelpha, JUam. mper. nunc semi-coalito. Stylus filiformis* stigma terminali. Legumen ssepius sessile compresso-planum lineare polyspermum, valvis planis, seminibus compressis. — Frutices vel Herbee. Stipulse a pOiolo distinctce, Umceolata aut subtdatce, non sagittata. Folia tn Tephrosiia veris imparyjrinnttta, in spuriit ttifiMata aut palmata. Racemi axillares rariua oppo»it\fblii. Flores oBti o i purpuras' centea. DC. 1. T. Virginiana; (Sect. Brissonia. DC), herbacea, erecta, foliolis 8-11-jugis ovali- oblongis mucronatis subtus candicanti-villosis, calycibus lanatis. — Pers. Sgn. v. 2, p. 389. Pwsh, B. Am. V. 2. p. 489. EUiott, Carol v. 2. p. 245. Bigel. U. Boat. ed. 2. p* 278.-^ Galega Virginiana. Linn. — Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 67. Hab. Canada. Michaux; Pursh. 11. AMORPHA. Liim. Cat. 5-dentatus obconico-campanulatus. CoroUa vexiOum ovatum concavum, (da et carina 0. Stylus filiformis, rectus, glaber. Stamina exserta, basi ima monadelpha. Legumen conipressum ovatum lunulatum 1-loc. 1-2-spermum. — Frutices Boreali-Ameri- cani. Folia impari-pinnata, foliolis muUyugis pellucido-punctatis scepius basi stipellatis. Stipuloe catUina decidua. Racemi spicati ehngati, sapius ad apices ramorum subfasciculati. Flores cartdeo-viohcei. DC. 1. A. fruticosa ; subarborescens, subvillosa aut glabra, foliolis elliptico-oblongis, infimis acaule distantibus, calycis subvillosi dentibus 4 obtusis 1 acuminato, vexillo eglunduloso, leguminibus oligospermis. DC. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1003. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 64. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 466. Bot. Reg. t, 427. Miott, Card. v. 2. p. 188.— an A. nana? Sims in Bot. Mag. t. 2112. Hab. LimestoDe rocks between Fort-Osnaboyne, on the Red lUver, and the south end of Lake Winipeg, in lat 50°, its most northern range. Douglas. 2. A. nana ; fruticosa, puniila, glabriuscula, foliolis ellipticis longe mucronatis punctis pellucidis majusculis adsparsis, calycibus glabris glandulosis dentibus omnibus subulatis, leguminibus 1-spermis. — Nutt. in Phaser's Cat. 1813, Gm. v. 2. p. 91. De Cand. Prodr. V. 2. p. 256. vix Sims in Bot. Mag. t. 2112. — A. microphylla. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 466. Hab. Abundant on the pkuns of the Red River, in htt. 50°. Douglas. — The Amorpha nana, figured by Dr. Sims in the Bot. Mag. t. 2112, is the representation of a specimen which flowered in Mr. Lambert's garden ; from which phice ako I possess an individual under the same name, and probably taken from the same plant. But this I would unquestionably refer to the A. fruticosa. Mr, Douglas' phint is truly distinct from this, having all the teeth narrow-subulate, as described by Mr. Nuttall. The leaves, too, are dotted with Lu^e pellucid {{lands, there are resinous brown glands on the calyx, and it forms an exceedingly compact shrub, with copious foliage, and very small rigid leaflets. 3. A. canescens ; suifruticosa, humilis, ubique canescenti-tomentosa, foliolis ellipticis mucronatis approximatis, spicis subaggregatis, calycis dentibus ovatis acutis. — Nutt. in Fraser's Cat. 1813. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 467. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 92. De Ccnd. Prodr. V. 2. p. 256. Hab. Abundant on the phdns of the Red River, with the preceding. Douglas.-^Leaves and ecUj/x covered with a soft hoary tomentum. Flowers brilliant purpliah-blue. s 9 140 LEOUMINOSiE. [Phaea. . ..-'*. ,. 12. ROfilNIA. De Cand , ,«» , Calycis denies 5 lanceolati, 2 sup. brevinres approximati. Cor. papilionacea vexiBo amplo, carina obtusa. Stam. diadelplia decidua; ovarium 16-20-ovulatuni. Stylus antice barbatus. Legumen compressum subsessile polysperniuni, valvis planis teiiuibus, sutura seminifera marginata. — Arbores Boreali-AmericatuB, spinis stipularibus scepe danata. Folia impari-pinnata, foliolis petiolulatis basi stipeUatis. Flores aibi aut rosei, iti racemos axiUares scBpius nutantes dispositi. DC. 1. R, Pseudacaa'a; spinis stipularibus, rainis virgatis, racemis laxis pendulis legu- minibusque glabris, foliolis ovatis. DC. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1043. Lam. III. t. 606. / 1. Mich. Arb. (ed. Am.) v. 2. t. 76, Am. v. 2. p. 65. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 487. EUiott, Carol V. 2. p. 242, De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 261. Bigel. Fl. Bast. ed. 2. p. 277. Hab. Canada. Michaux ; Pursh. Plentiful in Upper Canada. Douglas. — This, the False Acacia or Locust-tree, in the rich soils, and with the genial summers of North America, produces a durable and valuable timber: but it is little liuited to the soil and climate of Great Britain. 13. PHACA. Linn. Calyx 5-dentatus, dentibus 2 superioribus remotioribus. Carina obtusa. Stamina diadel])ha. Stylus imberbis. Stigma capitatum. Legumen subturgidum uniloculare, sutura superiore seniinifera tuiuida. — Herbaj /oliis impari-pinnatis, racemis pedunculatis axillaribus. Legumina matura scepius resupinata. • Floribus albidis aut ochroleucis. 1. P.frigida; erecta, glabriusculn, parum raniosa, foliolis 4-5-jugis oblongcvovatis subtns niargineque pilosis, stipulis ovato-obloiigis ciliatis foliaccis niagnis, calycis ore pubescent!, leguminibus stipitatis obloiigis inflatis nienibranaceis. — ». europcva; leguniini- bus hirsutis. Li/m. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. p. 1 173. Fl. Lapp. ed. 2. p. 227. Jacq. Austr. t. 166. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 273.— P. alpina. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1064. 11. Dan. t. 865.- ,3. Americana ; leguminibus glabris. — P. frigida. Rich, in Frankl. 1st Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 28. — y. litloralis; calycibus leguminibusque nigro-liirsutis, caule humiliore, foliolis sul)- tus pubescenti-incanis. Hab. $. Woody regions of the Rocky Mountains in lat. 52° to 56°, to Slave Lake in lat. 61°. £>r. Richardson and Drummond. — y. Arctic shores, westward of the Mackenzie Itiver. Capt. Sir John Franklin and Capt. Sack, to Cape Lisburnc, in Behriiig's Straits. Messrs. Lay and Collie in Capt, Beechet/'s CoU lection. — This plant, as found in the woody regions of North America, is equal in size with the Europiean, and differs only in its glabrous legumina. In the littoral Arctic regions it becomes much smaller, hoary, and very pale beneath, and with the whole calyx, as well us the seed-vesseb, clothed with bhtck hairs. 2. P. elotigata ; caule erecto angulato pubescente parce ramoso, foliolis 8-10-jugis ob- longo-cuncatis rctusis subtus incanis, stipulis parvis e lata basi acuminatis inferioribus coalitis, pedunculis folio multo longioribus, racemis elongatis laxis, calycibus sericeis, leguminibus coriaceis cylindraceis carvatis sessilibus acutis. — /8. minor ; caule flcxuoso. Radix perennis. Caules plurinii, pedales, vel sesquipedales, crecti, stricti, iu 0. ilexuosi, angulati, incano- pubescentes parce ramosi. Folia remota, digitalia; foliolis 8-lU-jugis cum imparl oppositis alternisve vix unciam longis oblougis, basi cuueatis brevissimo petiolulatb, apice obtusis vel plerumque retusis, supra glabris, subtus PhaeaA LEOUMINOSiE. 141 pubescen ti-incanig, in junioribus sericeis. Stipules pame, inferiores snbouneatse, otperwrM lib«m, doas undas longie, 0 lata ba8i sensim acuminate, subsericete. Pedunculi axillarea, goUtarii, non raro gpithanuei, folio duplo triplove loogiores, erecti, strict!. Flores in racemum elongatum laxe dispositi, patentes, demum deflexi. Stipula lineam longce, snbulatn, sericeffi, pedicelli perbreves. Calyx cylindraceo-campanulatus, sericeus, ore obliquo, dentibus lato^ubulatis brevibus. Flores parvi, albi vel ochroleuci, carina golummodo apice purpureo, ut videtur, tincta. Stamina diadelpba. Germen lineare, gericeum, rectum, gubgesgile, gtylo gubulato surgmn ourvato glabro duplo longiug. Legumen unciale et ultra, gogsile, coriaceo-cartilagineum, cylindraceum, gurgum curvatum, birjutum, apice acutum, uniloculare, 8-12-gpermum, valvig intug gpongioso-subhirgutig, suturis ang^ustig squalibus, minime introflexig. Hab. Plaingofthe Sagkatcbawan, Dr. Richardson ; Drummond, 3. P. fleamosa ; caule decumbente flexuoso angulato parce ramoso, folioHs 6-9-jugis lineari-oblongis obtusis supra glabris subtus appresso-pilosis, stipulis parvis e lata basi ncuininatis, infcrioribus coalitis, pedunculis folio longioribus, racemis elongatis laxis, calycibus subsericeis, leguminibus coriaceis cylindi-aceis rectis sessilibus acutis. — Astragalus flexuosus. Douglas, MSS, in Herb. Hort. Soc. IiAB. Abundant on elevated and dry fertile soils of the Red River and Assinaboin, lat. 50°. Douglas. — Tbe babit of thig is very similar to the preceding, and I am doubtful if it ought not to be united with it. But the leaves are gmaller and nanower, the "flowers are purpligh and very fragrant," and the legumes are not only gmaller than in P. elongata, but straight. What Mr. Douglag hag considered as a white-flowered variety, I have referred to the latter species. The cell of the fruit is without a dissepiment, nor is there any introflexion or thickening of tbe sutures oa either side of it. 4.. P.coUina; erecta vel diffusa, pilosa, foliolis 9-11-jugis linearibus obtusis basi in ;^etiolulHin brevem atteuuatis, stipulis parvis oblongis acuininatis, pedunculis folio duplo longioribus, racemis oblongis densis floribus retrofractis, calycibus tubulosis dense Iiirsutis, leguminibus (immaturis) linearibus pubescentibus iftipitatis deflexis. — Astragalus coUinus. Douglas, MSS. in Herb. Hort. Soc. Caulis erectug vel declinatus, ramosus, pcdalis et ultra, teres, striatus, pubescenti-hirsutus. Folia remota, digitalia, subsessilia, l!)-23-foliolata; foliolis remotis, unciom longis, angusto-liiiearibug, obtusis vel retugig, gubtug pnecipue pilig brevibug albig curvato-patentibug obsitis, basi in petiolulimi brevem attenuatis. Stipulee parvsR, oblongoe, acumin."te, siibfoliaceie. Pedunculi foliig subdupio longiores, pubescenteg, Ra zmi 3-4 unciag long!, oblongi. Flores arete dispositi, retrofracti. Bractem subulatse, pedicellis ereclis paululum longiores. Calyx oblongiis, dense himutus, pills pallidis, tubo elongato baiti obtiiso subgibboso, dentibus gubulatis tubo tripio brevioribus. Corolla alba, macula magna ut videtur singulo petalo purpurea. Vexilhtm obovatum apice reflexum, alis carinaque loogitudine subuequale. Stamina diadelpha. Germen lineare, stipitatum. Legumen (vix muturum) calyce plusquam duplo longius, lineare, compressum? submembranaceum, pubesceos, uniloculare, basi in stipitem grac '.em calycis longitudine, apicem stylo grjcili gursum curvato ter- minatum, polyspeitnum. Kab. On tbe subalpine range of the Blue Mountains, in dry soilg. Fl. June, July, If. Douglas. — This plant, which, on an inspection of its legumen, must be referred to the genus Pkaca, rather than to Astra- galus, where Mr. Douglas had placed it, is remarkable for its narrow linear leaves, for the sudden deflexion of the flower from the summit of the erect pedicel, for the elongated tube of the calyx, and for the short vexillum. 5, P. pectinata ; glabriuscula, caule decunibente striato, foliis pectinatis rigidis, foliolis 8-IO-jugis linearibus subacutis terminali nonnunquam bifido, stipulis hinc longitudinaliter unitis, racemis folio plerumque longioribus, leguminibus sessilibus ovalibus coriaceis I«t LEGUMINOSJB. [naea. transvenim ragosis, sutura superiore crassissima. (TABk LIV.) — Astragalus pectinatus. Doujflat, MSS. tn Herb. Hort. Soe. — fi. foliis filiformibus. Catdes dacombentes, pedalea, flezuoei, onuri, fistuloti, ttriati, glabriutouli, infern* Mbnadi. FoUa ramoU, altema, digitem long*, pectinatof innatifid* (I) potius quam piimata, dono pnedpae •ppre8M-«ab> aericea. IUtchi$ oompreaaa nonnunquam Aircata. Foliola oppoiita Tel altarna, 6-8-10-juga acaqiiiunoiam vel duas unciat longa, linearia, in $, fen filifomiia, rigidii^ioula, lubaouta, baii teeailia, minime artioalata, cum lubstantia mohidia ooncreta, et ite peniatentia, termioali nonnunqaam bifido^ axillia glandula flava cornea notatia. SHptila mediocrai, SUtri-linearei, SDbtmDgulari-acumuiatte, inferioras narginibus hino unite, apio« aoliunmodo bilid«e, auperiores libem magia anguHtiores. Peebinculi axillares, solitarii, oraaai, atriati, glabri- usculi, folium subequantea. Racemut lahM>Tatu8, 8ub-I3>flonis. Flares magni, albi. Sractea minute, ovato^cuminate, pedioellig paululum breviorea. Cafyx uylindraeeo^ampanuiatua, oblique 5-dent«tug, piloBus, pilia spania, nigrig, appreania : denta brevca. Vexilbtm ovatum, attenuatum, obtuaum, alia multo longioribus, lateribua reflezia. Alte oblongK, aubacuminate, unguiculate. Carina obtuaa, alia brevior. Stamina diadelpha, 1-9. Germen lineaii4»blongttm, glabrum, atylo subulato-filiformi glabro triplo breyiua. Stiffma parrnm, capitatum. Legumen ovale, aeasile, inflatum, craaaum, coriaoeo-cartibtgineum, atylo currato rigido penistente terminatum, unilocubure, 12-14-8pemium, bivalve, valvia intua apongioais, extus profiinde tranavenim rugoaia autnra auperiore cnmiaaima, Semen rotundat04«nifonne, podospermo elongate. Hab. Paaturea of the Saakatchawan, Drvnmumd; and on the Red-Deer and Eagle Hills, bordering on that river. Dougltu, — This ia • very remarkable species of Phaca, differing from all its congeners in the great length of the Jlotoers, in the aingnlarly thick and wrinkled Jivit, and above all, in the structure of its leaves. The lea/lets do not appear to be jointed upon the rachis, but to form a continued substance with them, and to be rather deeply-pionatifid in a pectinated manner, than really compound and pinnated. In proof of thia, the upper leaflet, which is, as it were, a prolongation of the rachis, is sometimes forked, and the rachis itself I have observed to be so in two or three instances. The leaflets are therefore persistent, and remain upon the withered rachia, like the segmenta of a simple leaf. Notwithstanding this peculiarity of structure in the foliage, there is nothing, I think, in the fmotification, that would justify a separation of the plant from Phaca. Tab. LIV. Phaca pectinata. Fig. 1, Flower; Jig. S, Stamens and pistil; Jig. 3, Alte and carina; Jig, 4, Pistil; Jig. 5, Legumes: — natural size. Fig. 6, Single legume; Jig. 7, Legiune, bursting open; Jig. 8, Seed, with its stalk : — all but Jig. 6, more or less magnified. 6. P. podocarpa; canescens, valde ramosa, diffusa, caule ramisque strintis, foliolis 6-9-jugis lato-linearibus obtusis, stipulis parvis ovatis acuminntis, pedunculis folio lon- gioribus, racemis laxis, leguminibus oblongis coriaceis compressis appresso-hirsutis acuminatis basi in stipitem longum attenuatis, suturis incrassatis. Jiadix perennis. Caaies difiiisi, subpedales, valde ramosi, striati, flezuosi, supeme pneoipne pubescentM. Folia 4-5 unciaa longa; Jbliolij 13-19 parvis, remotis, 6-7 lineas longis, linearibus sen lato-Iineoribus, sessili- bus, obtusift, supra glabrit., subtus appresso^pubescentibus. Pedunculi nxilku-es, folio parum breviores, pills brevibus appressis obsiti. Bacemi lazi. Flares medioores, albi. Cafyx cylindraceo-campanubtns, pubes- centi-scaber; ore oblique .Wentato. Ala carina sublongiores, vexilio breviores. Germm lineare, sericeum, stipitatum, supeme in stylo tiliformi sursum ciffvato attenuatum. Stigma obtusum. Slamima diadelpha 1, 9. Legumen valde coriaceum, rigidum. oano-hinutum (vix mattuiun,) oompressuai, unciale, basi in stipitem ieque longum attenuatum, apice acuminatum, uniloculare, lSi~144permum : suturis valde incraaaatis, superior* recta, iuferiore arcuata. Semina podospermo elongato. Hab. Dry, sandy, and barren grounds, at the Great Falls of the Columbia, rare. 1825. Fl. June— August. — This stands marked, in Mr. Douglas' collection, as a new genus ; and there is indeed something very remarkable in the appearance of its legumes, compressed as they are and thickened at the sutures, both above and below, and borne upon a stalk as long as themselves. But it possesses all the essential characters of Phaca, where I therefore place it. Maea.] LEOUMmOSA 148 7. P. nigreaceru ; obscure appresso-pilosa, caule erecto vel decumbente ramoso striato, foliolis ft-lO-jugis oblongis obtusis basi subcuneatis, racemis folio plcrumque longioribuB, stipulis parvis ovatis subacutis basi connatis, calycis dentibus tubo paulo brevioribus, leguminibus stipitatis oblongis membranacels compressis glabria. Badix perennis. Caulei nunc «recti ■triotiuaouli, nunc deoumbentei SeLwm, atriati, ramoai, wye piupar^ aaotntes, ptroe pilo«, pilia albia tpanii appreMu. Folia remota, digitalia. Foliola 17-21, ideniaiqae oppoaita, vix unoiam longa, oblongi, obtuia, baai lubcimeata, viridia, in plauta itooa fructifera nigreicentia, supra glabra, aubtiu appreuo-piloaa. Bractea ovate, aouminate, parvw ; inferiorea oonnatK, bifida. Raotmi axillares, alougati, laxl, breTisaime pediinoulati, foliia viz ezoedentea, demum fruotiferi longiorea. Floret parri. Bractta lanoeolato, aouminate, membranaoen, pedioellia brevibut longiorea oiliate. Cafy* oaim- panulatus, aupema pcaoipue pubaacena, S-dentatus; dentibus kto^ubulatia, tubo avb«que longia. CoroUa alba Tel ocbroleuoa. Ctermeti lineare, glabrum, atipitatum, atipite tubi oalycia longitudine, atylo annual ourvato brevius, Legumina unoialia, nutantia, fusco-nigreacentia, oblonga, valde oompreiaa, membranacea, glabra, baai in atipitem caljrcem duplo longiorem attenuate, apice atylo curvato tenninata, plarumque recta, nonnunquam paululum faloat4M!urTata. Had. On the Saskatchawan, to the Rocky Mountuna, and as far i.orth aa Fort-Fianklin, on the Mac- kenzie River, in lat. 65°. Dr. Richardson i Drmnmond. — Although extremely plentiAil in the localities juat mentioned, the present Phaca does not seem to l)aTe been known to any author. Ita habit, like many of the North American Phaca, is similar to that of several species in that division of Astragali to which A. cana- densis belongs; but the seed-vessel is here truly that of the present genus, though considerably oompreased. 8. P. ? caspitoaa ; acaulis, caespitosa, sericeo-nitens, foliis trifoliolatis longe petiolatis, foliolis lanceolatis, stipulis magnis ovatis albo-membranaceis tenerrimis, floribus aggre* gatis sessilibus, leguminibus oblongo-ovatis teretibus sericeis calyce tectis, (Tab. LV.) — Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 98. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 274). — Astragalus triphyllus. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 740. (non PalL) Radix perennis, orassa, fusiformis, sublonge descendens, apice multiceps : sed oaules nnlli vel brevissimi CKspitosi. Folia numerosa, longe petiolata, undique pulcherrime sericeo-villosa, nitentia, 3- (5, AtiM.) •."bliolata, foliolis digitalis sessilibus lanceolatis basi attenuatis apice acutis. Stipules ad basin petioli, magnae, oyvsB, membranaceee, albK, tenerrimte, cito lacerate. Flares aggregate, sessiles ad basin foliorum. CoroU Utm perfectam noxk yiix. Co/yx cylindraceo-campanulatns, villosua, ore 5-dentato, dentibus subulatis. Legii^ men oblongo^vatum, teres, coriaceo-membranaceum, sericeum, sessile, apice in stylum filiformem flexuosum attenuatum, calyce persistente fere omnino tectum, unilocular*), intua subspongiosum. Semina subdecem, rotundato-renifonnia, podospermo longiusculo suflUta. Had. Between Carlton-House and Edmonton-House, on the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson ; Drummond. —The whole habit and the inflorescence of this plant are so much at variance with those of Phaca, that I cannot but consider it a very doubtful species of this genus. The fruit, however, accords with it Pursb, who first described it under the name of Astragalus trinhyUus, and whose dhort character perfectly agrees with our plant, seems to have had specimens, like my own, without flowers. He gives it as a native of Upper Lousiana, on the authority of Bradbury. Nuttall describes the corolla as ochroleucous : the leaves as some- tim.''' quinate, (which I do not find to be the case,) and he does not notice the beautifully silvery hue of the whole plant, but calls it " canescently villous." His specimens are from gravelly hills near the confluence of the Sawanee River with the Missouri. Tab. LV. Phaca? cwspitosa. Fig. 1, Withered flower; fig. 2, Legume enveloped by the calyx; fig, 3, Legume removed from the calyx; fig, 4, Legume hud open; y!^. H, Seed; fig, 6, Leaf: — all more or leas magnified. * * Horibm purpurascentibus aut albo et violaceo pictis, 9. P. Aboriginorum; pubescenti-cano, caule erecto parce ramoso striato, foliolis sub-6- 144 LEOUMINOSiE. [Phaea. jugis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusiusculis, stipulis ovatis acutis inferioribus connatis mnjiis- culis, leguminibus tenui-stipitatis oblique ellipticis aciitis membrnnaceis glabris. (Tab. LVI.) — Astragalus Aboriginorum. Rich, in FrarM. \st Joum, ed. 2. App. p. 28. " Radix teres, loDga, flaveMseng, Glycyrhizs aimilis, e qua siir^unt eaukt plures pedalea, Ruffhiticosi, erecti, gnuales, simpliviuwuli, pilis moUibus canesoentes. Folia Beiiilia (aut brevi-petiolata) pinnata, pube oanesoenti ut in caiile sed longiori et densiori ; rachide bipoUicari filiformi ; fuliolis plerumque II, pollicaribut, ■enilibiu, liuearibus lanceolatisve obtusiuticulis basi attenuatis, utrinque convoloribus, uuno alternis nunc oppositis rariusre verticillatiit ; utipulis cauliois ; inferioribus connatis ovutis acutis ; superioribus magis dis- tinctis acuminatis. Peduncu/i axillares foliis duplo longiores, pilobi. Jiacemus erectus, laxus, 15-2U-floru8, pediceliia erectis calyce «t bractea subulata pilowt brerioribus. Ctdi/s uigrescenti-pilosus, laoiniis quinque subulatis aequalibus: superioribus sinu obtuso sepai-atis. Coivlla albida cierulesoensve carina saturate uerulea. Vexillum angne lato borizontali calyce breviori, limbo obcorduto erecto. Ala vexillo breviores, carina paulo lougiores, ungue tenui liueari, limbo oblongo emargioato ad basin lobo liueari obovato aucto. Carina obtuso, calyce tertia parte longior. Legumen iramaturum oblongura, pilis canis adprcsiiis tectum, (nunc glabrum,) pedicello longitudine calycis sustentatuni, stylo brevi incurvo capitnto terminatum. Semina 14." Ilic/t', Legumen (maturum) uuiloculare, uutaute, unciam sesquiunciam longum, inflatum, membran- acenm, obscure reliculatum, glabrum, subellipticura, acutum, stylo brevi terminatum, infeme in stipitem gracilem calyce duplo longiorem attenuatiim, sutui-a bine plana, murginibus paululum introflesis, illinc curvata. Semiiui ijubrotundo-renifonnia, hevia, fusco-olivaeea, podospermo brevi. Hxa From Lake Winipeg to the Rocky Mountains, and as far north as Bear Lake, in lat, 66°. Dr. Richardson; Divmmond. — " The Crees and the Stone Indians gather its roots in the Spriugas an article of food." Rich. — After the excellent description abore.quoted, made from the recent plant, I have little to remark. The perfect fruit, which was unknown to Dr. RichiirdsoD, has now been seen in abundance, and proves the genus to be /'Aaca, rather than ^,eraria" collection, from Cambre d'Aae and the Valine d'Eynes in the Pyrenees, under the name of O. Vralauit, fi. microphyUa, exactly correspond with the more usual state of our pknt. Mr. Drummond's var. fivm the most elevated ridges of the Rocky Mountains has the leaves, especially the old ones, nearly ^abrous, the leaflet* narrow; the legume greatly swollen, or inflated, thin and membranaceous, scarcely at all hairy. 4. O. foliolosa ; acaulis, incano-villosa, foliis numerosis, foliolis approximatis ovatis seu oblongo-ovatis subacutis, scapis folio longioribus pilosis, capitulis late ovatis (parvis), floribus congestis patentibus inferioribus reflexis, bracteis lineari-lanceolatis calyce nigro-hirsuto brevioribus, leguminibus remotiusculis deflexis (vix maturis) cylindraceis acutis nigro-hirsutis. Radix perennis, subfusiformis, sublonge descendens, apice fibroso-ramosa, supeme multiceps. Folia nnmerosa, radicalia digitem longa, erecta vel erecto-patentia ; foliola 23-25, subarcte-approximata, ovata, sea oblongo-ovata, 3-4-linea8 longa, acuta, una cum rachide snbappregsira pilosa. Petiolus ad basin patenti- pilosus. StipuleB lanceolate, acuminabe, sublonge piloste. Sct^i plurimi ex eadem radice foliis longiores, demum fructiferi, duplo longiores, pubescenti-pilosi, pilis ad basin longioribus magisque patentibus. Capitula late ovata seu subglobosa, ratione plantse parva, floribus compactis, patentibus, inferioribus reflexis. Bractetf herbaoeep, lineari-lanceolatie, pilosK, calycibus nigro-pilosis breviores. Denies catydni subulati, tub! longi- tudine. Petala intense CRnileo-purpurascentia, ba*i fere alba. Carina obtusa cum mucrone conspicuo subrecurvo. Legumina, vix matura, omnia pcndentia, unciam longa, fere exacte cylindracea, acuta, dense nigro-pubescenti-h'irsuta, btsi in stipitem calycis tubo breviorem attenuata. Hab. From Carlton-House to the Rocky Mountains, in kt. 54°. — This very elegant species of Oxytropis has an affinity on the one hand with O. montana, and on the other with O. caruiea ; agreeing with both in the general shape of the leaflets, and their regular and close insertion upon the racbis, and in the deep-blue colour of the flowers, pale at the base of the petals. From the former it differs in its more compact and tufted growth, smaller heads, and smaller and more patent flowers, and in the drooping, cylindrical, very black, and hairy lej^rumes; from the Utter, in its less silvery foliage, more obtuse leaflets, and far shorter and more compact heads of flowers. 5. O. argentata; acaulis, foliolis 'obovato-lanceolatis sericeo-argenteis, scapis folia Oxjftropit,] LEOUMINOSiE. 147 aequantibus, floribus capitatis, bracteis lanceolatis longitudine calycis sericei.>— PntaA, Fl. Am. V. 2. p. 473. Rich, in FrankL 1st Joum. ed. 2. Jpp. p. 28. — Astragalus argentatus. PalL Astr. p. 60. L 48. (non A. Mis»(mrien$is, Nutt. fide CI. Bich.) Had. Woody ooontry between lat H" and 64° north.— Of this ipedei I have leen no speobien. 6. O. Lamberti ; acaulis, sericeo-pilosa, foliolis lanceolatis acutis remotiusculis, scapo foliis sublongiore, floribus spicatis capitatisve, bracteis lanceolato-linearibus calyce sericeo brevioribus. DC. — Purah, JF7. Am. v. 2. p. 740. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 277. NuU. Gen. v. 2. p. 98. — m. floribus majoribus remotioribus patentibus. — O. Lamberti. Sinu in Bot. Mag, L 2147. Lindl. in Bot. Beg. t, 1054. — /S. foliolis brevioribus, floribus minoribus congestis erectis. Hab. «. Canada. Lacfy DiUhoiuie; Mm. Perdval; Mri. Sheppard. 0. Dry banks on the Red River and Saakatchawan, {Douglas,) to the Prairiea in the vallies of the Rooky Mountains. Drummond. — My Canadian ipeoimens from Lady Dalhousie and Mrs. Percival much more resemble the %ures in the Botanical Magazine and Register, than those from the more western parts of North America : and certainly, as Mr. Lindley observes, approach the O. g)'and\flora, as they do also the O. ambigua ; both natives of Siberia. Nor is this species far removed, or readily distinguished by words, from some states of O. Uralensis. 7. O. nigreaceha; subacaulis, multiceps, procumbens, foliolis 7-11 ellipticis acutiusculis villosis, stipulis calycibusque nigro-villosis, pedunculis bifloris folii longitudine, legu- minibus (ex Pall.) oblongis inflntis pubescentibus unilocularibus. — Fisch. MSS. De Cand. Prodr. V. 2. p. 278. — " Astragalus nigrescens. Pall. Astr. p. 65. t. 63." Had. Iskknd of St. Lawrence, in Behring's Straits. (De Cand.) — According to the description this must be very nearly allied to O. arctica. * * Floribus ochrokucis. 8. O. campestris ; acaulis, foliolis multijugis lanceolatis sericeis, scapo stepius decum- bente foliis subaequali (vel longiore), spicis capitatis (nunc elongatis), bracteis calyce paulo brevioribus, floribus erectis, leguminibus erectis ovatis (oblongisve) inflatis pubes- centibus semibilocularibus. — De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 278. Bich. in Frankl. \st Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 28. — Astragalus campestris. Linn. — Engl, Bot. t. 2522. — Phaca campestris. WaU, — y. sulphurea i DC? foliolis latioribus, spicis capitatis, floribus mnjoribus spe- ciosis. — O. sulphurea. Fischer, MSS. — i, spicata ; spicis elongatis, floribus remotioribus. — 1. glabrata; foliolis glabriusculis subsucculentis. — (. melanocephala ; minor, calycibus nigro-villosis. Had. a. and }. Carlton-House on the Saskatchawan to the Rocky Mountains, (Drummond,) and as far as the sources of the Columbia, Douglas. <. and |. Bear Lake to the Arctic shores and Islands. Dr. Richardson ; Capt, Sir J, FranUin and Capt, Back ; Capt, Sir E. Parry, ^c. — In the degree of pubescence, in the form of the leaflets, in the colour of the hairs of the calyx, and size of the flowers, this plant is very variable. The var. y. sulphurea, corresponding almost exactly with the O. sulphurea of Dr. Fischer, (the O. campestris y. of De Candolle,) is exceedingly beautiful, not only in the silkiness of its foliage, but in the size and bright- ness of the corollas. 2. Verticillares, nempe foliolis omnibus aut plerisque subverticillatis seu ex eodem petioli puncto 2-3 ortis. DC. 9. O. spkndeas; acaulis, foliolis 3-4'*' verticillatis lanceolatis acutissimis sericeo- T8 148 LEOUMINOSiE. [Ailragahu, pilosis, scapo foliis longiore petiolisque patentim pilosis, spicis elongatis, floribus sub- remotis erecto-patentibus bractea longioribus, calycibus albo-hirsutissimis, leguminibus erectis ovatis acuininutis pubescenti-hirsutis semibiiocularibus. — m. vestita ; vaUle hirsuto- sericea, bracteis hirsutissiinia calyce niulto longioribus. O. splcndens. Douglas, MSS. in Herb, Hort. Soc. — /l. Richardtoni; minus hirsuta, bracteis vix longitudine calycis. — " O. oxyphylla"? Rich, in FranU. \st Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 28. (not PaU. and De Cand.) Hab. a. On limMtone rocki of the Red River, and toutli toward* Pembina. Douglat. fi. From Cumberland-HottM on the Saikatchawan, north to Fort-Franklin and the Bear Lake, and west to the dry PrairieB of the Rocky Mountains. Dr. Richardson; Drummond.—Thia belongs to tlie same gronfe of " Verticillares" with the true O. oxyphylla of Pallas, which I possess from Pallas' Herbarium, through the kindness of Mr. Lambert ; and which is at once distinguished from this by iu short, broad, and compact head of flowers. It well deserves the name which Mr. Dougloii has given it. Its blossoms are bright-blue, in long spikes. In Dr. Richardson's specimens, the fruit greatly exceeds the calyx in length ; in Mr. Douglas', it is shorter; but a« many of the flowers among the latter are abortive, I suspect that the fruit is imperfect too. 3. Caulescentes, nempe caulibua elongatis fruticosis, stipulis caulinis nee petiolo adnatis, /oliolis cotyugatis nee verticillatis, DC. 10. O.deflexa; caulescens, adscendens, pilosiuscula, foliolis ovato-lanceolatis pubes- centibus, pedunculis folio niulto longioribus, floribus spicntis, leguminibus pendulis hirsutis I-locularibus apice hiantibus. — De Cand. Astr. n. 32, Prodr. v. 2. p. 280. Rich, in Frankl. \st Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 28. — Astragalus deflexus. " PaU. Act. Petr. 1776. t. 15." UHirit. Stirp. t. 80. — A. hians. Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 252. — A. parviflorus. Lam. — A. retroflexus. « PaU. Astr. t. 27." Hab. Banks of the Saskatohawan. Dr. Richardson ; Drummond. — The flowers of this species are very small ; its fruit hirge and pendulous. The American specimens exactly agree with those in my Herbarium from Lake Baikal. 15. ASTRAGALUS. DC. Calyx 5-dentatus. Corolla carina obtusa. Stamina dindel|)lia. Legumeu biloculare aut semibiloculare, sutura inforiore iiiflexa. — Hcrha- aut suft'rutices. DC. 1. FvRPVRAScESTES, stipulis a petiolo liberis, floribus purpurascetitilms. DC. * Hypoglottidei, floribus purpureis aut albis, stipulis a petiolo liberis inter se coalitis et ideo quasi biftdis et oppositifldiis. DC. 1. A. hypoglottis; dilFuso-procunibens, subpilosus, stipulis (junioribus) concretis oppositifoliis, foliolis elliptico-oblongis 8-12-jugis, pedunculis folio longioribus, spicis capitatis, floribus densis erectis, bracteis calyce nigro-piloso brevioribus, leguminibus erectis capitatis ovatis valde hirsutis, loculis plerumque monospermis. — Linn. Mant. v. 2. p. 274. Engl. Bot. t. 274. NuU. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 99. Rich, in Frankl. 1st Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 28. De Cand. Astr. t. 14. — " A. arenarius. Pall. Astr. t. 34." — /3. caulibus folio- iisque longioribus, calycibus pallidioribus. A. agrestis. Douglas, MSS. in Herb. Hort. Soc. Had. a. Dry hills of the Saskatchawan, Drummond i and on the Eagle and Red-Deer Hills of that River. Douglas, fi. On the fertile plains of the Red River, and in the south, towards Pembina. Douylas.— a. is the more frequent American form of this plant. The var. fi. differs in its more luxuriant growth, and Astragahu.] LEOUMINOSA. 149 •IntMt exactly r«MmblM • plant which I poateu from the Altai, lent to nw by Mr. Pratoott, and marked " Aatragnlua hypoglotHdi affiaii, led legiunina polyiperma, »em. 4-8." It approaohei the A. onobryehioidet, 2. A, pauci/lorua ; decumben.s, iiicanus, apprcssopilosus, stipulis concretis oppositi- foliis inferioribus integriii, foliolis 3-d-jugis oblongis acutis, pedunculis folio subhre- vioribus 2-4-floris, floribus (parvis) luxe rucemosis, bracteis pedicelli longitudine, calycis albo-pilosi dentibus tubum sequantibus. Radix loage dewendeni, subfiuiformii, li^osa, apice divisa, aupeme caulibus pluribus inferne ramodi deourobentibiu vel prostratis dij^italibus ad pedalibiu grauilibus incauit instructa. Folia etiam incana, pilia brevibiu albia appressig; foliolit 7-11, 3-raro 4-Uneas longis oblongii, vel lineari-oblongit, raro ellipticii, aoutii. Slipula quasi oppositifolio) acoretoi, iiiferioribiu intefpis superioribiu leniim ma^s profunde bifidif foliaceo-membranaceia, appreuo-pilo«i«. Pedunculi Bubunoiam vel seaquiuooiam longfi, folia vix longitudine excedeutes iucani. Jiacemi 2-3—l>tlori, floribus laxi« parvia patentibua. Bractem lineari-lanceolatie, pedi- celli longitudine. Calyx brevi-campanulatua, villoaua, pilig appreaaia albia; deotibua ^ubidatia, tubum longi- tudine wquantibua. Petala (sicdtate) intonae oprulea; vexillo aubpurpurasoente ; alia carinaque obtuia inferne fere albidia. Germen oblongum aericeuro. Legumen ignotum. Hab. Among rocks in the more elevated regions of the Rocky Mountains. Drumnumd. — This species, 80 very different from any with which I am acquainted, belongs to the same division of the genua with A. hypogloUis, and should perhaps be placed near to it. It is distinguished by its hoary stems and leavea, by the small number of leaflets, by its few-flowered racemes, and small patent flowers on pedicels, which are about aa long as the bracteae. 3. A. vaginatus; erectus, pubescens, stipulis concretis oppositifoliis, foliolis lineari* lanceolatis acutis, pedunculis folio longioribus, floribus dense spicatis nutantibus, leguniiiiibus linearibus rectis. DC. — " Pail, Astr. n. 49. t. 36." De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 283. Rich, in Frankl. ist Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 28. Had. Woody country, between Ut. 54° and 64° north. Dr. Richardson in FranU. \st Journ. — The habit of this is so very similar to that of our Phaca Aboriginorum, (Ailragtdus Aboriginorum, Rich., next to which Dr. Richardson has ranged it,) that were the fruit discovered, it would probably prove to be a Phaca also. The only specimen I have seen, has the flowers larger than in P. Aboriginormn, • * Onobiiychoidei, stipidis a petiolo et inter se distinctis, floribus purpurascentibus dense spicatis capitatisve, vexillis linearibus elongatis, leguminibus rectis vel falcatis, radicibus perennibus (an semper ?) DC. f Leguminibus rectis. 4. A. adsurgens; elongatus, adscendens vel prostratus, glabriusculus, foliolis B-12-jugis oblongis, stipulis ovatis acuniinatis inenibranaceis, pedunculis folio longioribus, spicis oblongis ovatis rotundatisve, floribus densis erectis, vexillo alls vix 1-3 longiore, legu- minibus erectis compactis oblongis subtriquetris hinc sulcatis appresso-pubescentibus vix calyce nigro-hirsuto longioribus. — " Pall. Astr. n. 44. t, 31." De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 287 A. Laxnianni. Pcdl. Astr. t. 30? (fide DC.) Jacq. Hort. Vind. v. 3. t. 37? (sed spicis elongatis et foliolis angustioribus.) De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 287. — ft. robustior; calycibus albido-pilosis, pilis nigris perpaucis. A. nitidus. Douglas, MSS. in Herb. Hort. Soc. Had. a. Plains of the Assinaboin and Saskntchawan Rivera, as far as the mountains. Or. Richardson ; Drummond; Douglas. 0. Common in the mountain- vallies, from the Kettle Falls to the sources of the 150 LBOUMINOSiB. [At&agaliu, Columbia, on the Wa«t tide of the Rookjr MounUini. Douglai.—l poM«M the Aiiatio A. adturgmi u4 A. Latmmmi from Dr. Fiaeher and Mr. Pretoott ; but I em unable tu dUtinguUb them ipeoUioaUy. Uiur eiied- mena from America teem to be identical with them. Flowert piirplo-blue. 5. A. Labradoricuis caulescens procumbenii, foliolis ovatis pubescentibus, spiciii peduiiculatis, leguminibus oecundis rectis utririque ocuniinatis penduliii. Ph. — De Ctmd. Prodr. V. 2. p, 287. — A. secunilus. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 67. Pur-acuminati.s, fuliolis S-Jugis ubovatis, pedunculiH fulio breviuribu!), ruceniii, capi- tutin subovalibus, floribu!) (ninjusculis) patentibuH luxis, stipulis i'aeuri-subul'itio pt'ii- cello bruviNNinio loiigioribus, cuiycibus pilis I'lxi-t hirsvi's, lei^uni'.'ihus tlj*unciulibus) linear i-lunceulat is nitidis ghibris falcntis hiiic carinnt.is illi'iJ profituUsfil-;*^ ^t subcondu- plicatim sulcntis bilocularibus polyspermis. — Dougla, li>^S. xn fierb, Ixorl, Soc. Hab. On the barren grounda of the Columbia, and uiiar thu Wallu».'a> .live -■ IVorth-Weit AmeHca. Douglas, — Flowers \arge, purple and white. The legumet are very rf)iD'.'X'kr>bl<) ; wtiOn iipreadopen, ihtj arc broadly lanceolate, but there ii, on one iide, a deep iiulcua, io that a uf.^fvmt Rootir'O fepreienta the 'i<;lVjr V. 9. A. diaphanus ; prostratus, diifusus, piloso-scobcr, , tipulii )ii?'vi9 ovatis aiamiiu'lisi, foliolis 6-9-jiigis oboviitis, pcdunculis folio brevicribiis Horilius (parvis) criMtii Inxis, bracti'is ovntis ucuniinutis minutis pedicello . uM;r»v ii>ribi::f. lcf/;iriiiiiiUMs subrefltjxi'; linearibus compressis fulcatis subdiuphaniii glnbriu: :;u)is bijoculiirib'jii poiysjicnniN. — Douglas, MSS. in Herb. Hort. Soc. Had. Abundant on landy aoil near the Great Falla c' the Kolttmhlx — J-Vi/iOrn »mt.['., iiitAn'.'^. *, Raoeme, with fnait'-mumd tue. Fig. 5, Seotioa tiimiiifaJMifig, 6^ S««d: — all bnt ^9. 4 more or len »M9n(/!«dL ., ■ ^ , . Trib. III. Hedysarea. DC. ; . ' . 16. OESMODIUM. DC. Col, basi bibracteolatus ad medium obscure bilabiatus, labio superiore bifido inferiore tripartite). Cor. papilionacea ; vexiUo subrotundo, atritia obtusa non truncata, o/m carina longioribus. Stamina diadelpha (9 et 1 ) filameiltis subpersistentibus. I,egumen constans articulis plurimis ad maturitatem secedentibus compressis monospermis membranaceis coriaceisve, non aut vix dehiscentibus. — Herbae aid suflirutices plerique aquinoctiales. Folia nunc trifidiolata seu \'juga cum imparl, nunc aimplicia dicta nempe ad impar/bliolulum reducta idea uniJblioUUa. Stipellse 2 ad basin fdudi extremi, 1 ad quodque laierak. Racemi terminaka acepim laxi. Pedicelli 1 aut 3 ex bractearum axillia orti Jili/brmes, \-ftori. Flores purpurei ceeruki aut tdbi, minorea quam in Hedysoro. DC, (Sect. Trifoi,ioi,at a, Jbliia pinnatim3^iolaii8,Jbliolo impariccBteris pan$mmty'ore. DC.) 1. D. canadenae; caule erecto pilosiusculo striato, foiiolis oblongo-lanceolatis glabri- usculis, stipulis lineari-subulatis, racemis lateralibus terminalibusque simplicibus vel paniculatis, bracteis lanceolatis, leguminis articulis 4-5 rotundato-triangularibus pubes- centi-hispidis. — De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 328. — Hedysarum canadense. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1054. Pur^ B. Am. v. 2. p. 481. IWott, Carol, v. 2. p. 214. Bigel. FL Boat. ed. 2. p. 275. — /L mittor; foiiolis ellipticis. Hedysarum ciliare? Purah, Nutt Hab. Throughout Canada, as fiur as Norway-House, ia lat 54°. — Flowers small Leaflets variable; in «,, 2-3 inches long, broadly knceolate and gradually acuminate; in /3. elliptical; and this latter state agrees very well with the character of Hedysarum ciliare, in Pursh and Nuttall's Floras. — The Hetfysamm pamculahim, again, appears to be hardly distinct from the present species. 2. D. bracteoaum; caule erecto glabro, foiiolis oblongo-ovalibus acuminatis glabris, stipulis subulatis, racemo terminali sparsifloro, bracteis ovatis acuminatis striatis glabris, leguminis articulis subovalibus. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 329. — Hedysarum bracteosum. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 73. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 482. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 213.— j8. cuspi- datum ; foiiolis margine scabris, stipulis ovato-lanceolatis, leguminis articulis reticulatis glabris margine pubescentibus. DC. — Hedysarum cuspidatum. Willd. — Pursh, Fl. Am. V. 2. p. 483. IL1& m. Near Fort-Erie, rare ; 0. near Queenstown, on the Niagara. Douglas. 3. D. acuminatum ; caule erecto simplici parce pubescente, foliis longissime petiolatis, foiiolis (amplis) tenui-membranaceis rotundato-ovatis anguste acuminatis subpilosis ter- minali latissimo longe petiolulato, pedunculo longissimo, panicula elongata subsimplici pauciflorr.) leguminis stipitati articulis subtribus obtuse triangularibus pubescentibus. — De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 329. — Hedysarum acuminatum. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 72. Purs/i, FL Am. V. 2. p. 483. Elliott, CaroL v. 2. p. 209. BigeL Fl. Boat. ed.2.p. 275. Mm. Upper Canada, Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. 4. D. nudifiorum ; caule erecto simplici glabriusculo, foiiolis lato-ovatis acuminatis. Met^samm.] LEOUMINOSiE. Ill Bcapo paniculato glabro radical! caule foliifero altiore, Itguminis articulis subrotundo- triangularibus glabriusculis. — De Cand. Vrodr. v. 2. p. 380. — Hedysarum nudiflorum. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1056. Pursh, Fl. Am. v.i. p. 483. Elliott, Card. v. 2. p. 209. BigeL H. Boat. ed. 2. p. 275. Hab. Canada. About Qaebeo. Mr. Geghom. 5. D. pauciflortHn ; caule decumbente humillimo-filiformi, folils longissime petiolatis, foliolis lato-ovatis acuminatis pubescenti-ciliatis terminali rhomboideo, stipulis obsoletis, racemo terminali pedunculate paucifloro folium vix excedente. — De Cand. Prodr, v, 2, p. 330. — Hedysarum pauriflorum. Nutt. Gen. v. 2. p. 109. Hab. Canada. Mr. Goldie. — My ipecimen of thia from Mr. Goldie exactly accords with an original one in my Herbariuir., from Mr. Nuttall. In neither is the panicle shorter, but nUJier longer, than the leaves. ' ' 17. HEDYSARUM. Jaum. DC. Cal. 5-fidus, laciniis lineari-subulatis subaequalibus. Cor. vexillo amplo, carina oblique truncata, alts carina multo brevioribus. Stam. diadelpha (9 et 1); genitalium fasciculus abrupte infractus. Legumen constans articulis pluiimis compressis monospermis orbicu- latis lenticularibusve regularibus medio inter se connexis, et ideo ad utramque suturam convexis. — Herbae aut suifrutices. Folia impari-pinnata. Pedunculi axiUares simplices. Racemi spicati. Flores majusculi purpurei albi aut ochrokud. DC. Sect. Leiolobium, leguminum articttli leeves, nee echinati, nee {manifeste) pilosi. CeUycia lacinicB corolla breviores. DC. 1. H. boreale; caule erecto stricto basi decumbente, foliis subsessilibus, foliolis 8-12- jugis oblongis subtus piiosiusculis, stipulis coalitis vaginantibus laciniis subulatis, racemis elongatis longe pedunculatis, floribus numerosis subsecundis subimbricatim reflexis, vexillo alis carina multo brevioribus, leguminis articulis 3-4i suborbicularibus glabris pubescentibusve reticulatis compressis. — Nutt. Gen. v. 2. p. 110. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 348. — H. alpinum. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 74. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 484. (var. fi.) Rich, in FrankL \st Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 28. (non Linn.) Hab. Northern Canada. Michemx. Woody and barren grounds of North America, from the Saskatchawan to the Arctic Circle, Dr. Richardson, and to the Rocky Mountains, in lat. 5i°, Dnimmond, Kotzebue's Sound, in Behring's Strait. Metirs, Lay and Cottie,— This is certainly distinct from the Siberian H. alpinum, being greatly taller, with much shorter stipules, nearly sessile leaves, vastly longer peduncles and racemes, and smaller, more deflexed flowers. — The " rugose" appearance noted in the joints of the lomentum of this, by Mr. Nuttall, and of the following, by Dr. Richardson, appears to be owing to veins or bundles of vessels. Mr, Drummond observes that the bears are very fond of the roots of this plant. 2. H. Machenzii; caulescens, decumbens, foliis pinnatis, foliolis oblongis utrinque canescenti-pilosis, stipulis vaginantibus, articulis lomenti transversim rugosis pilosis. Rich, in Franhl. 1st Joum. ed. 2. App. p.2S. — fi. foliis supra ovariisque glabris. — H. boreale? Rich, in FrankL Xst Joum. ed. 1. App. p. 745. Hab. Barren grounds, north of lat. 64°, as fltr as the shores of the Arctic Sea. Dr. Richardson, in the \st Joum. lu the 'id Joum. it was found at the Saskatchawan, about Carlton-House, and thence westward to the mountains. Drummond. Mr. Douglas found it on the Eagle and Red-Deer Hills of the •^iaskatchawan. — U 8 156 LEOUMINOSiE. [Vieia. Hui hu the Imrgett and brightctt oolonred bloawmis, p'lriwpi, of any of the getma : the Tezillum is about at long as the carina. Raceme short and broad, obtuse, of from 7 to 10 spreading flowers. It is fully described by Dr. Richardson, in the pbce above quoted, where it is observed that it is the Liquorice plant mentioned by Sir Alexander Mackenaie, in his Voyage to the Arctic Sea. 18. LE8PEDEZA. Mich. CaL basi bracteolatus 5-partitus, laciniis subaequalibus. Cor. papilionacea, carina transverse obtusa. Stamina diadelpha (9 et I.) Legumen lenticulare compresso-pianum indehiscens monosperinum inerme. — Caules herbacei aut suiFruticosi. Folia S-foliolata, Jbliolia integris medio petiolato. Stipulae caulinee setacea. Spicoe pedunculata aut sttb- racemoscB. Bracteae Z-fidcB 2-flora. Flores vioUiceo-purpurei aut ochroleuci vexiUo pur- pureo-maculato aut rarius aUn, DC. 1. L. reticulata ; erecta, simplex vel ramosa, foliolis linearibus obtusis mucronatis subtus strigoso-pubescentibus, racemis subumbellatis axillaribus subsessilibus, legumini- bus reticulatis calyce majoribus. Pera. Syn. PI. v. 2. />. 318. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 348. — L.'sessiliflora. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 70, (var.) Pursh, Fl. Am, v. 2. p. 480. (non NutL) Elliott, Card. v. 2. p. 204. Bigel. Fl, Boat. ed. 2. p. 273. — Hedysaruni reticulatum. Muhl, in Willd, Sp, PI, V, 3. p, U9*, Ha& Canada. Dr. Hohnet, (Herb. GreviUe.) 2. L. polystachya ; erecta, ramosa, villosissima, petiolis brevissimis, foliolis rotundo- ovalibus obtusis, spicis oblongis axillaribus folio duplo longioribus pedunciilatis, calyci- bus coroUam aequnntibus vix 'egumine sublongioribus. DC, — Mich, Am, v, 2, p, 71. t. 40. Pursh, Ft. Am. v. 2, p, 480. Bigd. Fl. Bout. ed. 2. p. IT2. De Cand. Prodr, v. 2. p. 349. Hab. Upper Canada. Mr. Goldie. Common about Sandtiich. DatgUu. 3. L. prostrata; prostrata, gracilis, glabra, petiolis subabbreviatis, foliolis ellipticis obtusis mucronatis subtus vix subpubescentibus, racemis axillaribus gracilibus dissiti- floris folio longioribus, calycibus corolla brevioribus, leguminibus ovatis subpubescenti- bus. DC— Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 481. Nutt. Gen. v. 2. p. 108. EUiott, Carol, v, 2, p, 208. Bigel, FL Bast, ed, 2, p. 274. De Cand, Prodr. v. 2. p. 350. Hab. Upper Canada. Douglas. — This appears to me to be a nearly glabrous var. of L. procumbens, Mich. Am. t. 39. Of this genus, eight species are given as inhabitants mostly of the middle States of North America; and six as growing in the vicinity of Boston. All the latter, it can scarcely be doubted, are equally indigenous to the southern parts of Canada; never extending, perhaps, beyond the great lakes. Hence it is that there is not a single species in Dr. Richardson's or Mr. Drummond's Collection ; nor does any one of them inhabit Western America. TaiB. IV. ViciE^. Broum, DC, 19. VICIA. Toum, Cal, tubulosus, 5-fidus aut 5-dentatus, dentibus 2 superioribus brevioribus. Cor. papilionacea. Stamina diadelpha. Stylus filiformis, angulum fere rectum cuni ovario conficiens, superne ct infra apicem subtus villosus. Legumen oblongum, I-loculare, poly- spermum. Semina bilo lateral! ovuli aut lineari. — Herbae sapius scandentes. Folia Vicia.] LEOUMINOSiE. 157 abrupte pinnata phtri-juga, petioh in cirrhum stepiua ramomn producto, stipulis stspe sagittatis. Pedunculi axiUares out ehngati multiJUni, out l-flori breves. * Floribm pedunculatia. 1. V. Caroliniana ; glabriuscula, foliolis 8-10 elliptico-lanceolatis subalternis obtusis mucronatis, stipulis ovato-lanceolatis integerrimis parvls, pedunculis multifloris, floribus distantibus, dentibus calycinis brevibus, stylis apice viilosis, leguminibus lanceolatis glabris oblique reticulatis. DC.—" Walt Fl. Carol, p. 182." Purah, FL Am. v. 2. p. 472. EUifM, Carol. V. 2. p. 224. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 355. — y. parviflora. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 69. Hab. Upper Canada, near the Lakes. Douglas. 2. V.Americana; glabriuscula, foliolis 8-12 elliptico-lanceolatis obtusis vel retusis nonnunquam denticulatis mucronatis, stipulis seinisagittatis profunde dentatis, pedunculis folio brevioribus 6-8-floris, leguminibus lineari-oblongis compressis reticulatis glabris. — Mu/U. in Willd. Sp. PI. v. 3. p. 1096. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 472. Rich, in Frankl. \st Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 28. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 355. — fi. minor; foliolis angustis lineari- lanceolatis subrigidis, pedunculis 2-4-floris. Hab. Woody country from the Falls of Niagara to Bear Lake, Dr. Bichardion: to the Rocky Mountains, Drurhmond. Near the source of the Columbia. Douglas, fi. On the Saskatohawan about Carlton-House, Drunmond; and at Red River. Douglas, — Flowers large, handsome, purple-blue. 3. V. Cracca; caulibus ramosis, foliis apice cirrhosis, foliolis numerosis oblongis alternis oppositisque puberulis mucronatis, nervis subparallelis simpliciusculis, stipulis semisagittato-linearibus, pedunculis multifloris folium aequantibus vel superantibus, racemis confertis secundis, dentibus calycinis insequalibus, superioribus brevissimis inferioribus tubo brevioribus, stylis apice pilosis, leguminibus oblongis coriaceis reticulatis compressis glabris, seminibus globosis nigris. DC. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1095. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 69. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 472. Bigd. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 269. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 357. Engl. Bot.t. 1168. Hab. Canada. Mkhaux; Lady Dalhouiiei Mrs. Percivat; Mr, Cleghom, Newfoundland. Mr. Morrison, 4. V. gigantea ; subpubescens, siccitate nigricans, caule sulcato, foliolis 20-26 oblongis petiolulatis obtusis mucronatis, stipulis magnis semisagittatis basi profunde dentatis, pedunculis folio multo brevioribus 5-10-floris, floribus congestis, stylo vix barbato, legu- minibus lato-oblongis glabris obscure reticulatis. Hab. T)pen woods on the Columbia. Dr. Scouler ; Douglas. — This is a rery remarkable plant, with long, trailing, deeply sulcated stems, and one-third of an inch broad, hollow and herbaceous. The leaves are eight or nine inches long, excluding the tendrils; leaflets full two inches, and stipules an inch and a half in length. Flowers apparently purple when recent, about as large as those of V, Americana, consequently small in proportion to the size ui the plant. Style linear, downy, but scarcely bearded below the stigma. Legumes three inches long, and three-fourths of an inch broad. The whole plant turns nearly bhick in dry- ing, like the V. nigricans, (Hook, and Arn. in Bot. of Cc^t, Beechey's Voy,), from the western shores of South America; and others, from the Cordillera of the same country. • * Floribus subsessilibus. 5. V. sativa ; foliis cirrhosis, foliolis 10-12 obovato-retusis vel oblongo-retusis mucronu- Mi LBGUMINOS^ [Lathjinu. latit pilosii Tel glabriusculis, lUpulis Minisagittato-dentatis, floribus subgeminis sessilibui* calycibus cylindraceis, laciniis lanceolato-linearibus subaequalibus parallelis tubi longi- tudine, stylis apice barbatis, leguminibus compressis subtorulosis oblongis reticulatis erectiusculis, seminibus subglobosis subvelutinis. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 360. Engl. Bot. t. 334. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 69. Fursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 471. Bigel Fl. Boat. cd. 2. p. 270. Hab. Canada. Mrs. Sheppard. About Fort-VancooTer. Douglat. — Probably an introduced plant 80. ERVUM. LifM. Cat. 5-fidus, laciniis linearibus acutis, coroUam subaequantibus. Stigma glabrum. Legu- mm oblongutn. DC. 1. E. hirsutttm ; foliis cirrhosis, foliolis linearibus obtusis mucronulatis, stipulis semi- sagittatis angustis, pedunculis 3-6-floris folio brevioribus, laciniis calycinis lanceolato- linearibus sequalibus tubo longioribus, leguminibus oblongis compressis subtruncatis hirsutis tenuissime reticulatis dispermis nutantibus, seminibus globosis variegatis. DC. — Linn. Sp: PI. p. 1039. Engl. Boi. t. 971. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 366.— Vicia Mitcbelli. Bqfin.— Elliott, CaroL v. 2. p. 224. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 360. Hab. Caltiratcd in the garden of the Hortiooltural Society, from Beedi gathered near Fort-VanoouTer, (where it was probably introduced.) Oougbu. — My (peoiniens of Vicia JUitcheih from Bfr. Elliott himself, prove it to be merely E. hirmttum. 2. E. tetraspermum ; caulibus csspitosis ramosis, foliis cirrhosis, foliolis 4-6 oblongis mucronulatis, stipulis lanceolato-semisagittutis, pedunculis 1-4-floris filiformibus, laciniis calycinis inaequalibus latiusculis tubo brevioribus, leguminibus oblongis compressis glabris enerviis subtorulosis, seminibus subglobosis atris. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1039. Engl, Bot. t. 1223. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 867 — Vicia pusilla. MuU. in WiUd. Sp. PI. v. 3. p. 1106. Purs/h El Am. v. 2. p. 471. Bigel. FL Bost. ed. 2. p. 270. Hab. Gnwy meadows, Upper Canada. Douglas. 81. LATHYRU8. Xwr- Cal. campanulatus, 5-fidus, lobis duobus superioribus brevioribus. Cor. papilionacea. Stam. diadelpha. Stylus complanatus, apice dilatutus, antice villosus aut pubescens. Legu- men oblongum, polyspermum, bivalve, 1-Iocul. Semina globosa aut angulata. — Herbs smpiua scandentes. Stipulae semisagittatce, Petioli apice in cirrhum ramoaum abeuntea. Foliola 1-3-j'i^a. Pedunculi emA^ore*. DC. 1. L, pisiformis; glabriusculus, foliolis 3-4-jugis ovalibus, stipulis inaequilateraliter cor- dato-hastatis angulis acutis foliolo aequalibus, pedunculis multiiloris folio subbrevioribus, (corollis purpureis), laciniis calycinis duabus superioribus abbreviatis, leguminibus lineari- oblongis compresso-teretibus subfalcatis, apice ad suturam superiorem acuto. — Linn, Sp. PL p. 1034. mild. Sp. PL V. 3. p. 1093. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 371 L. maritimus. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p, 268. (fide specim. ab amiciss. Boott.) — L. Californicus. Douglaa, in Bot. Reg. t 1144, (certe.) L. venosus. Sweet, Br. Fl. Gard. 2d. Ser, t. 37. (non WilU,) Bigel, Fl, Boat ed, 1. p. 167, (non ed, 2.) Boott in Herb Pisum maritimum. Linn, et Xa%nw.l LE0UMIN08JE. IW aHorum. Engl BoL t 1047. Rich, in FrcuM. \»t Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 26.— 'GnuL FL Sib. V. 4. p. 7. t. 1. Hab. Thranghoat North Amarioa, in the plaiiu (b«yond kt 40° ?) tnm Lake Erie in the iouth, (Dr. Todd I DougUu,) about Qaebeo and Montreal, (Zac^ DMomiei Mr*. Pereivtd,) Sadutohawan, {Dr. Richardioni Douglas,) to the shores of the Arotio Sea, {Dr. Richardton,) Newfoundland and Labrador on the east, Mr. Cornuteki Mr. Morrison; and Murray Bay, mouth of the St Lawrence. Mrs. Sheppard. North -West America, from the coast of California and the mouth of the Columbia, {Dr. Sander ; Douglas,) to Kotsebue's Sound in Behring's Strait Messrs. Lay and Collie. — ^Botanists will see with surprise, and, I fear too, with some suspicion of the oorreotness of the measure, that I have united the well-known Piimn imaritimum of our shores with a Siberian iMthyrus, and have added to the same the most universally diffused Leguminose plant in all the temperate and colder parts of North America. I have not done so, however, without the most cautious scrutiny of numerous specimens. Let any one carefully examine the style of Pimm maritirmon, and compare it with that of Pismn sativum, or any indisputable Pisum, and it will be at once seen that they are very different ; the former wanting altogether the sharp oarinated ridge on the superior side, (caused by the reflection of the margins,) on the upper part of which the down is produced. If, again, this style be compared with that of the true LathyH, it will be found to a«cord in every essential particuhur, though it is not so much dilated upwards as in many. It is a stylus con^essus sursum dilatatus antice villosus out pubeseens: and it precisely corresponds with the same part of the flower in the American Lathyri above quoted. This being determined, it remained for me to see what were the specific differences between the plants in question. I could find non«. Upon the sandy and stony shores, the plant is humble in its growth, and compact; in the woody districts it becomes larger and more straggling. The stipules I always find to be cordato-hastate, with their sides, at the base, unequal (sometimes toothed,) rather than semi- sagittate. The legumes are slightly pubescent in British and American specimens. The leaves and calyx are moetly somewhat downy or hairy, the latter especially on the teeth ; but at other times the whole phtnt is perfectly glabrous. My specimens from the West coast of North America are usually more Luc, flaccid, and drawn up, as it were, as if inhabiting woods : others, again, from the same coast, are more compact, and of a firmer texture, exactly corresponding with cultivated specimens Arom the Horticultural Society's Garden, of which the representation in the Botanical Register is excellent I acknowledge that in calling this plant by the name of L. pisiformis, Linn, and Gmelin, I have no other authority than the figure and description of the latter author : but our plant is so entirely in accordance with them, that I think there can hardly remain c doubt on the subject 3. L. ochroleticus ; glaberrimus, foliolis 3-4-jugis lato-ovalibus ovatisve, stipulis latis semi-cordatis subhastatis angulis obtusis nunc obtuse dentatis foliolo vix minoribus, pedunculis multifloris folium subsequantibus, (coroUis ochroleucis,) laciniis calycinis duabus superioribus abbreviatis, leguminibus (nondum maturis) lineari-elongatis acuminatis compressis glaberrimis. — L. pisiformis, var. Rich, in Frankl. 1st Joum. ed. 8. App. p. 28. Hab. Hudson's Bay. Mr. R. Wright. From the Red River, in lat 49°, {Douglas,) through the whole woody country to Bear Lake, in lat 66°. Dr. Richardson; Drummond. — This pknt is, indeed, very nearly allied to the preceding; yet in all the specimens I possess, the stipules are rather smaller (often considerably so) than the leaflets, having at the base only one lobe ; the flowers are smaller, ochroleucous, and the whole plant is more delicate and quite glabrous. In Dr. Richardson's L. pisiformis, which, indeed he referred doubtfully to the L. pisiformis of WiUd., the lower stipules are as small as those of the following species; while the upper ones are very large. " ' 3. L. decaphyllus; glaber vel pubeseens, foliolis 4-6-jugis ellipticis rarius ovatis vel suboblongis, stipulis parvis semisagittatis lanceolatis lobo deflexo stipulam subsequante, pedunculis folii longitudine multifloris, calyce dense pubescente, dentibus duobus 160 LEOUMINOSiE. [Lalhj/nu. superioribus valde abbreviatis, (coroUis purpureis,) leguminibus — ?. — Purth, FL Am. v.2.p.4n\. Hab. Banks of the SMiMtchawan; abundant Dr. Riehardtm; Dnmrnomi, Bothy phuMt in North- west America. Dougltu, — I doubted whether 1 might not refer thif pUnt to the L. venotui of Muhl. in Willd., unoe it ii described as being sinihur to JL pmjbrmit, " except in the stipules being much smaller:** but then their shape is different, the leaflets are described as much broader, and the whole phut as glabrous. Again, the L. pofymorphui of Nuttall accords, in some respects ; but it is said to be glabrous. In regard to its being the L, deeaphylbu of Pursh, I can only say that the short description of that author, unsatisfiuitory u it is, agrees with it, except that the number of flowers upon a peduncle is greatly more than three or four. Still I have been very unwilling to swell unnecessarily the number of species of a genus already too much encumbered with questionable ones. The present individual is large and straggling ; many of its Uqfleti two and a half to three inches long. Slemt square, striated, and, as well as the whole plant, sensibly downy. Calyx thickly downy. The iHpuU$, however, afford the most essential character by which this may at once be distinguished from the preceding. They are small, lanceolate, sagittate, the lobe so long and so deflexed that in general the stipule appears to be lanoeohite, acuminate at both extremities, and attached by the margin at the middle. In the present, and all the foregoing broad4eaved species, the $tyle is neoriy linear, slightly diUted upwards, the lower margin a little recurred, just where it unites with the germen, the rest plane, compressed, with the down occupying a considerable length of the upper and plane surface. 4. L. atipulacetu; glaberrlmus, caule acute tetragono (vix alato), foliolis 3-jugis ellipticis mucronatis, stipulis ovato-semisagittatis acuminatis tnagnis, pedunculis 4-6-floris folio longioribus, leguminibus (immaturis) linearibus acuminatis compressis glabris. — " Le Conte in Cat. PL New York, p. 92." De Cmd. Prodr. v. 2. p. 371. Hab. Upper Canada. Afr, GoUie. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. — In foliage, this is intermediate between the preceding broad-leaved species, and the following narrow-leaved one; in the stipules, between L. ochroleuau, and L. deeaphylbu ; and it is possible it may be included in the £, piAtf-uirphus of Nuttall. The stipules are not half the siie of those of L. oehrokuciu, while they are thrice the sixe of, and greatly broader than, those of the L. deeaphylbu. I have received the same plant, without a name, both from Philadelphia and New York; but I have no specimen from the British Possessions, save from the localities above-mentioned. The plant well accords with the L. slipulaceus of Le Conte, only that its stem is rather acutely 4-angular, than winged, as it is in the following species. — I am still unacquainted with any North-American Latkyri which will entirely agree with the L. venoiu* or L. myrtifolau, both of MuhL, in WUld. Sp. PI., and I introduce them here upon the authority of Mr. Dougbw. All the North American Lal^ri have their leaves very, and almost equally, veiny. 5. L. venoms; caulibus tetragonis non alatis, foliis multijugis, foliolis ovatis obtusb suboppositis mucronatis glabris, cirrhis trifidis, stipulis semisagittato-cvatis, pedunculis multifloris folio brevioribusi, leguminibus — ? DC. — Muhl. in Wittd. Sp. PL v. 3. p. 1092. Pursh, H. Am. v. 2. p. 471. Nutt. Gen. v. 2. p. 96. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 371. Hab. Common throughout the great chain of lakes in Upper Canada : plentiful on the Red River and the River Winipeg. Douglas. 6. L. myrtifolius; caule debili flcxuoso tetragono non alato, foliis 2-3-jugis, foliolis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusiusculis mucronatis rigidiusculis glabris venoso-striatis, cirrhis trifidis, stipulis semisagittato-lanceolatis acuminatis margine scabris, pedunculis 3-4-floris folio longioribus, leguminibus — ? DC— Muhl. in fVilld. Sp. PL v. 3. p. 1091. Pursh^ Fl. Am. V. 2. />. 471. NtiU. Gen. v. 2. p. 06. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. ST I. Hab. Near Fort-Erie, and on the banks of the Niagara to Queenstown. Douglas. i .'':.;! i Phaieohu.] LEGUMmoSiC 161 7. L. palustria; plerumque glaberrimus, caulibus erectiusculis nlatis, foliolis S-jugis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusiusculis mucronatis rigidiusciiILs, stipulis parvis lanceolutis scmi- sagittatis loI)oque acuminato deflexo ncuminatis, pedunculis S^-floris, leguminibus lato- linearibus compressis ocuminatis pubescentibus. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1034. Engl. Dot. t. 169. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 66. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 471. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 269. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 371. — ^. mqjor. Hab. Abundant throughout Canada, and as far north as the Saskatchawan. Lady Dalhmitii; Mr, Goldit, Mr. Cleghom, Mr. Todd.—fi. Strait« of Do Fuca, North-West America, in lat. 48°. Dr. ticmiler.— This Hpecieg entirely agrees with our Europsan L. palustris. The stipules resemble those of L. decaphyllut. TrIB. V. PHASEOLEiE. Dr. DC. 82. AMPHICARPiEA. EU. DC. Cat. campanulatus 4-dentatus basi ebracteolatus, dentibus aequalibus subulatis. Corolla papilionacea, petalis oblongis, vexillo lato incumbente subsessili. Slam, diadelpiia. Stylm filiformis. Stigma capitatum. Ovarii stipes vuginula cylindrica vestitus. Legumen com- pressum stipitatuin 1-4-spermum. — Caules herbacei volubiles. Folia pinnata \-juga cum imparl, foliolis ovatis glabris. Racemi axillares. Bractete biflorcB, Flores scepe apetali, caulini steriles aut legumina radicalibus dissimilia gerentes, radicales sapius fertiles. DC. 1. A. monoica; racemis pcndulis coroUatis. — Ell. Joitrn. Nat. Sc. Philad. v.\. p. 373, Carol. V. 2. p. 233. Nutt. Gen. v. 2. p. 113. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 383.— Glycine monoica. Linn. Sp. PL p. 1023. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 64. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 485. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 276. Hab. Upper Canada. Mrs. Perdval. La Grande Chaudidre. Pursh, MSS. 23. APIOS. Boerh. Cat. campanulatus dentibus 4 obsoletis, 1 acuto sub carina elongate. Cor. papilionacea, carina folcata lineari vexilli apicem reflectente. Stam. diiulelpha. Ovarii stipes tubulu vaginatus. Stigma emarginatum. Legumen polyspermum et (ex Pursh) biloculare, semini- bus dissepimento interceptis. — Herba scandens glabra. Radix tuberosa edulis. Folia im- pari-pinnata. Racemi axillares. Flores fusco-purpurei odori. Bracteolae calyci adpressw caducissimce. DC. 1. A. tuberosa. — Manch, Ludg. 2. p. 53. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 232. Pursh, Fl. Am. c. 2. p. 473. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 390. — Glycine Apios. Linn. — Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 83. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 277. Sim« in Bot. Mag. t. 1198. Had. Canada, about Quebec. Lady Dalhousie, Mrs. Percival. 24. PHASEOLUS. Linn. Cat. campanulatus bilabiatus, labio superiore bidentato, infer, tripartito. Cor. papilion- acea, carina cum staminibus diadelphis styloque spiraliter contorta vel rarius incurvn. Ovarii stipes toro vuginulatus. Legumen compressum aut cylindricum bivalve intus isthniis cellulosis sulxlistinctum jjolymorphum. Semina hilo ovali-oblongo. — Herbae aut suffrutice.i .smpius voluhiks. Folia pinnato-trifoliolata, foliolis Imsi stipellatis. Racemi axillares. Pedicelli scppiua gemini, semper \-flori. DC. VOL. I. X LEOUMINOSiB. [iMpimu. I. P. heltolm; caulu volubili, foliolis deltoideo-oblongis subeinuatu, pedunculis folio longioribu8 apice triHoris, corolla; vexillis brevibus, ulis expansis mnximix, leguminibus teretibus erectis. DC. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 1017. Mich. Am. v, 2. p. 60. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 470. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 390.— Strophostyles helvola. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 280.— Glycine helvola. EHiott in Journ. Ac. Sc. Philad. 1818, p. 385.— Glycine umbellata. WiUd. f —DiU. EUh. t. 312. /. 300. Hab. Near Montreal. Mr. Ckghorn, (in Herb, noitr.) 23. LUPINU8. Toum. Cat. profiinde biliibiatus. Cor. papilionaceo, vcxillo lateribus reflexis, carina Mcuminata. Stamina monadolpho, vagina Integra, antheris 5 parvis subrotundioribus priecocioribiis. 5 oblongis serioribus. Stylus filifomiis. Stiffma terminale subrotundum barbatum. Legumen coriuceum oblongiim comprcssum oblique torulosuni. Cotyledanes crassic, per germin. in folia conversffi. — HeriNc nut st^ff'nttices. Stipulflc petiolo adnata. Folia aapimjbliolin 5-9 digitatin constantia, rarius siinplicia. Foliola ante explicat aut per aomnum complicata. Pe- dunculi dppositi/olii terminalea. Flores racentoao.^icati alterni aut verticHlaii, pedicellati aut aessiles. Bracteu aub pedicellia. * Herba annua. Bracteola 2 lateraliter calyci adnata caduca aut nulla. DC. 1. L. hicolor; annuus, caulc ramoso procunibcnte folioso foliisque pilosis vix scriceis, toliolis 5-7 lineari-sputhulatis, verticillis paucifloris, calycibus sericeo-lanatis inuppendicu- latis, labio superiore bifido, inferiore elongato integro, alls vexillo longioribus, legiunlnibus polysperniis. — Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1 109. Haii. Common under the shade of aoUtory Pine trees, near the ocean, on the North-We«t coait of Ami-ri<-a, and thence as far east as the rallies of the Rocky Mountains. Douglas. — A humble, procumbent, branchiujT annual, with small purple or blue and white flowers. 8pecimena of it are in my Herbarium, gathered by Mr. Menzies in California. 2. L. micranthua; annuiis, floribus subverticillatis sessilibus bracteolatis, colyris !abio superiore biiido, inferiore integro, foliolis 5-7 lineuri-spattiulatis ciliatis, leguminibus 6- spermis transversini sulcatis, caule ramoso, radicibus granulatis. — Douglas in Bot. Beg. t. 1251. Has. On the j^velly banks of the southern tributaries of the Columbia, and barren ground in the interior of California. — Of this I possess no specimen, and Mr. Douglas himself observes, " that it has much affinity with the L. bicolor, differing in flowering from four to six weeks earlier, in being more slender, in the shortness of its ahe, its nearly sessile flowers, fleshy leaves, granulated roots, laif^r pods, and the colour and size of the seeds." 3. L. puaillua; annua, parva, pilosissima, caulibus brevibus basi rumosis, foliolis 5-7- oblongo-lunccolatis obtusis inferne attenuatis, raceniis axillaribus laterolibus tcrminolibusque sessilibus, floribus olternis ebracteolatis, brocteis longitudine colycis cujus labio superiore bifido, inferiore duplo longiore bidentato, leguminibus hispidissiinis dispennis, seminibus orbicularibus planis. — Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 468. Nutt. Gen. v. 2. p. 93. De Cand. Prodr. r. 2. p. 408. Had. On the barren grounds of the Columbia. Douglas. — This is a very singular species, with short, iMpituu.] LEOUMINOSie. 168 MMiile, many lowered rMcmes. The membraoe of the lUamentii ii very lurffe, Hve of the ttameiiii are elongated uid bwrreu, five shorter with linear oranK«-foloured anthent. LeyumtH about an inch luny, each with two fiat iieedk. - *• ' * * Uerba perenneg. '■ ' •'■ ^ f Ihrea carulei, purpurei, rariua albi. 4. L, lepidtu; lierboceiis, perennis, floribua nlternis peilicellntis ehructeolatiii, colyciM villosi labio superiore bipartito inferiore iicuminato eiongato, foliolis 5-7 lancewlf.i.N iitrinque sericeis, cuulc florido erecto subunifolio. Lindl. — Douglas in Bot, Reg. t. II 19. Hah. About Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia, and in the vallieH of the Blue Mountaini, North-We«t America. Douglcu, — This and the followinfir xpecieH have the stem so bare uf leaveti, tliat it mi^ht obnoat b« railed a scape ; whilst in almost all the succuoding species the stem is vnry leafy. 5. L. minimua: herbaceus, dense 8ericeo>pilo8us, pm*vits, cnult- 1-2-foliato, foliolis 7-9 Innceolatis ocutis inferne attenuatis, floribus tUternis verticillatisque, pcdiccUis ebracteolutis, ciilycis labio superiore apice bifido, inferiore integro, nidice parva subfusiformi. — Douglan, MSS. in Herb. Hort. Soc. Hah. Mountain-vallies in North-West America, near the Kettle Falls; aiul very abundant towards the Itocky Mountains, alonj; the course of the Columbia. Dmiglm. — This is a small species, scarcely a span hi)rb, and allied to the following', but difforin^^ in its very dense and silky foliofife, in the stem bearing only one i)r two leaves, (but several radical ones,) and in the usually verticillate flowers. 6. L. perennis; herbaceus, floribus altemis pcdicellatis bracteolatis, cUycis labiu supe- riore subemarginato infer, integro, foliolis oblongis mucronutis subtus sub^'Hlosis, radice repente. DC. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 1015. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 56. Pitrsh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 467. FMiott, Carol, v. 2. p. 191. Curt, in Dot. Mag. t. 202. Bigel. Fl. Bost. erf. 2. p. 267. Bich. in Frankl. \st Journ. erf. 2. p. 27. Hah. Canada. Michaux. Shores of the Arctic Sea. Dr. Richardson, Upper Canada, plentifid. Dou- inlutii«, |H>(licflli!t l>r»ctcu lniict><»luta tlvcitluu lungioributt, culyciM utroqiie lubio iiitogro, li'guniinibiiN deiMiHHiiiiv piloNis. — LinfU, in llol. iieg. t. 1007. — L. rc^iuii. JluMphi. (iu-»inling tu Mr. Duuglun.) IIah. Common in pUina that wv occMioiwUy ovorfloM-ed at the mouth of the Cohimliio, and at i*ug«t Sound, Mimetimni with white flowen, Ihnujliu, l)i. Stonier.— TM» ii indeed a iplondid plant; and one of the greateit ornament* to our fpurden* tlwt haa been introduced for a long time. It (frow* 3-4 feet hi^h, with racenut a foot or more lon)(, 0. L. Kerireus; poreiiiiis, cnule folii^quc st'ricc()-tonicnt(>!ii.s, foliiN digitatiN, fulioliii 7-K Iniiceolutis uciitis iitrinquv Nvriri'i!*, ciilycibus Nubvcrticillatis iiiuppeiidifiilutiN, Inbio Huperiore inciw), inferion' integro. J>uri/i, Fl. Am, v. 2. p. 468. /)e Caiid. Protlr. v. 2. p. 408. IIah. Dauk« of the Kooakooekye, one of the Routheni branchci of the ('olumbia, M, Lewis. Uu the iinduhktin); grounda of the ('olumbia? Duuylai. — flowers pale purple or roMvculoured. Ph. 10. L, argentiu»; pcrcnnis, folii.s iligitnti!), foliolis Ht-I lincnri-lnnceoliitis ncutis siiprii glabris subtiiH iirgeiitco-sericeiN, riilycibus nlteniis iniippciuliculutLs, lubio supcrioru obtusu, inferioiT Intogro. Piimh, Fl. Am, r, 2. p. 468. I)e Cand. Prmlr. v. 2. p. 408. Hab. Bank* of the Koovkooakye. At. Lewis. — Flowers Hmall, cream-coloured. Ph. 11. L. omatiis ; piTcnni.s, fl()ril)us vcrticillutis nppciidicidatis, colycis Inbio superiore bi- fido, infiTiorc integro eloiiguto, ibiioli.s 7-12 lincari-knccolatis uiidique urgcnteis sericeis, k'gumiiiibuR 4-5-MpunnLii. Douglas in Dot. Reg. I. 1216. Hab. Near the source of the Columbia, NparinKly : plentiful at Kettle Fall*, and in the valliea of the Spokau river. JJouylas. 12. L. arhiiattis ; pi'reniiis, floribiis idtcrnis pedicellntis bracteolutis, cidycis lul)io superiore bifido, infcriure iiitetrro acuto, foliolis 7-13 olx>vuto-obloiigis iitriiique :x>riceis, legiiiniiiibus 3-5-.spcnnis. — Douglan in Hot. Reg. t. 1230. Hab. Under the ahadu of xolitary Pine and Chdc trees, near Fort Vancouver and the PUina of the Mult- nomak river, North-Weist America. Douijlan. 13. L. laxiflorua ; pereniiis, herbuceus, undique pUosiis, floribas subidteriiis cbracteolatis, calycis lubio superiore integro busi succuto, inferiore loiigiorc ovuto-acuminuto, curina im- berbi, vexillo obcordato, foliolis 7-9 lineari-lunceolutis stipulis iniiiiniis subidatis. Lindl. — Douglas in Dot. Reg. t. 1 140. — &. I'oliolis linenribus, culycc busi minus succuto. — L. teiiellus. Douglas, MSS. in Herb, noatr. Hab. a. and /}. Frequent in f^velly aoila about Fort Vancouver. Douijlas.- -The gibboux or saccate base to the calyx of thin HpecicH in very remarkable ; iu the var. a. it almost becomes a spur, though not so represented in the figure above quoted, which on that account, as well as in the narrowness of the leaflets, agrees better with what I here make the var. (I. tlian with my original specimen of L. lujt\fiurus received from Mr. Douglas. ., . ■ ' , ,' 14. L. littoralis; perennis, floribus verticillutis pedicellutis ebracteolutis, calycis labiu utroque integro, foliolis 5-7 lineuri-sputhulutis utrixique sericeb, legiuninibus 10-12-8pennis iMpiimt.] lE^nm\t^^iHJE. 165 traiiNvt'ntiin nulcatbt nulicibiu granulatin.- -DowjloH in Dot. Iteg. t, 1198, in Hot. May. IIaii. Coramon on th« ihoreii of tlie Pociflc, ItvtwpRii 411° »iiil K)° north latitude, or from Capn Mcndo- rino to l*UK«t Hound. Douf/lai. — Thn ifnnulntml riMitM of tliiN ii|i))ciim, when roMtnd on the enibrn, yi«-ld u foriiuicouuii miUtsMi'e, whit'h In in hivh )t>m iimong th« L'h«>uk ludiMw im un article of food,«ud i* railed ill their hkngxtagn " Sumuihtun." Douylnt. 10. //. nlhimu/in ; cuiilc clnto fDliisqiie niimermiA minute pulx'scenti-sericeis piiljo siili- fulvcscciito, fcilioliN 7-9 Hpiitliuliito-laticw)lutiM niufrMimtis, fl(>ril)us pleri.m the living; plaiitn, of no many of Mr. DougkiH'H dii*coverie!i. The preiieiit \» one of the few, however, which doev not appear to be in cultivation. In the dry Htute of the plant there ix nothing to account for the Hpecilic name which itH author haii a!«.si)rncd to it. Ifl. L. aridus ; lierbaceii.s, (sericww) hirsuti.sNimus, floribiis verticillatis pedicellatis brac- teolatis, calycis lubio siijK'rioi'e bifido, iiiieriore iiitegro, fuliolis 5-U liiiuari-laiiceolatis villusis, stipiilis subulatis. — iJowjlas in Bot, Itey. t, 1242. Hah. Dry tiandy iMrreii deuertH of the Columbia ; extending from the Ureat Falla of that river to the 8ourue§ of the Mimouri. Douiflas. 17. L. leucophyllus ; licrlmcciis, villosissimus, floribus alternis pcilicellutis bracteolatis, calycis labio superiore bifulo, inferiore integro, foliis digitatis, fuliolis 7-1) obluiigo-lanceo- latis, stipiilis subulatis laiiutis. Lindl. — Duiiylaa in But. Bey. t. 1124'. Hah. WoodlefM iiaudy deserts from the Great FalU of the River Columbia, in North-WeNt America, to the sources of the Miiwouri, among the Kocky Mountains. Dmujlas. — Tliis is a very tine species, having white flowers, or tinged with pink, and the whole stem and foliage and dense racemes (save the corollas) clothed with compact silky hairs. Mr. Lindley observes that this species should nmk next to the L. alope- curoides of Desrousscaux, a native of Quito. 18. L, plumosua; perennis, (sericeo-) villosissimus, floribus alternis breviter pedicellatis bracteolatis, calycis labio superiore bifido, inferiore integnt, foliolis 3-7 lunceolatis, legunii- iiibus glabris 3-5-sperniis, bracteis floribus longioribus villosis deciduis. — Douyias in Bot. Bey. t. 1217. Hah. " In North California, lat. 45°, growing in gravelly soil, at the sources of the Walluhwollah river, near the Blue Mountains." Douyias. — Allied to the preceding, *< from which it is princi|)ally distinguished by its hunter and less crowded flowers, and by the long, deciduous, shaggy brarteas, which clothe the upper uuexpaudcd part of the raceme so closely aa to give it u comosc appearance." Lindl, M.<: • y :-S. 166 LEGUMINOS^. ICercu. t t Fhres flavi. 19. L. Sabinii; erectus, (suffruticosus ?) elatus, caule glabriusculo sti'iato, foliis pilis brevibus fulvescentibus sericeis, folioliF 9-11 lanceolatis acuminatLs basi attenuatis, floribus verticillatis (flavis) ebracteolatis, bracteis longis subulatis sericeis ileciduis, calycis pilosissimi basi gibboso, labio superiore brevi biBcIo, inferiore integro reflexo, pedicellis elongatis, legu- iniiiibus sericeo-villosissimis fulvis subtetraspermis stylo persistente terminatis. — Douglas, MSS. in Herb. Hort. Soc. Had. On the Blue Mountains of North-West America, and on the Dividing Ridgo of the Rocky Moun- tains, near the confines of perpetual snon'. Douglas, — I regret that I possess no notes from Mr. Douglas made from the recent plant of this beautiful species of Lupine, which its discoverer has honoured with the name of his friend and patron, Jos. Sabino, Esq. I have heard him incidentally regret that he was not able to Nond seeds of it to England, for that it was among the most beautiful of the genus, and from its elevated place of growth, near the limits of perpetual snoiv, very hardy. I think, too, to have heard him say that it was siiffrutit'ose. 20. L. svlphureus; erectiis, caule erecto angulato-sulcato sparse foliisque (valde) sericeis, Toliolis 12-14 angiiste lanceolatis basi apiceque acuniinatis, bracteis subulatis deciduis, flori- bus verticillatis ebracteolatis, calycis valde sericei basi subgibboso labio superiore bilido, inferiore longiore integro. — Douglas, MSS. in Herb. Hort. Soc. Hab. On the Blue Mountains of North-West America, and on elevated grounds near the source of Clarke's River. Douglas. — This has some affinity with the foregoing, yet appears to be a distinct species. It is a much slenderer and smaller plant in every respect; the leaves are whitish, the leaflets more nmnerous and narrower, the flowers smaller and of a pale siUphur-coloiu*. SUBOUD. II. C^ESALPINK.H. Br, Tiiiu. VI. Cassuwe. DC. 26. GYMNOCLADUS. Lam. Florcs abortu dioici. Cal. tubulosus 5-fidus. Pet. a-quidia oblonga e tuix) exserta. Stam. 10 inclusa. Lcgumen oblonguni cnissuni intus pulposum. — Arlwres /«e/7«(,s, ramis apice ohtusis. Folia bipinnata, pinnis 4-7, hiferioribus unifoUolatis, ceteris 6-ii-jiiffi.s. Flores racemosi, Petalu albida. DC. 1. G. Canadensis. Lam. Diet. I. p. 733, Illustr. t. 823. Mich. Am. v. 1. />. 241. t. .'il. Piirs/i, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 304. De Caiid. Prodr. v. 2. p. 480. — Guilandina dioica. Linn. Sp. PL p. 546. Hab. Canada, {Linn.); in the forests. Michua. 27. CERCIS. Linn. Cal. sepala 5 concreta in urceolum obtuse 5-dentiitum inferne gibbum. Pet. 5 unguicii- lata subpapilionacea onuiia distincta, alls niajoribus, Stam. 10 libera inuL>qualia. Oiarium substipitatuni. Legumen oblonguni tenue coniprcssum 1-loc. 00-spernuini, sutura superu seminifera subalatii, iiltera dehisccnte. Setninn obovata, endopleura tiuuida pseudo-albu- niinosa. Emhryo rcctius, radicnla brevi, coti/l. j)!;uiis, plumida iiiconspicuu. — ArlM)reN. Folia simplicia basi cordata multinervia integra, post Jturen orta. Pedicelli miijiori i'. friinco ramisve fasciculati. DC. Cerasus.] ROSACEiE. 167 1. C. Canadensis ; foliis acuminatis subtus ad nervorum axillas villosis. DC. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 534. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 265. PursA, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 308. Torrey, Fl. ofUn. St. V. 1. />. 441. /)e Cand. Prodr. v. 2. />. 518. Hah, Canada. Purah. Obd. XXIX. ROSACEiE. Juss. Trib. I. Ahygdale^I::. Juss. 1. PRUNUS. Toum. Driipa ovata aut oblonga carnosa gluberriina, pollhie caesio tecta, piitamiiie coinpresso, utrinque acutx), ad margines subsulcato, cnaterum ItEvi. — VoYia juniora convolutiva. Floriim |)edicelli scepius umbellato-fasciatlati 1-Jlori, ante aut post Jblia evoliiti. DC. I. P. spinosa; raniis spinusis, pedunculis solitariis, calycibus campanulatis, lobis ohtiisis tulx) longioribus, foliis obovato-ellipticis vel ovatls subtus pubescentibus argute rhij)licat<)«jue den talis, fructibus globosis. DC. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 681. Eii(/l. Bot. t. 842. Pur.th, Fl. Am. r. 1. p. 333. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 532. Had. In lied^ps : introduced fi'om Europe. a. CERASUS. Jii.ts. Drnpa glolnisa aut basi unibilicata carnosa glaberrima, pt)lliue Cii'sio tii ,;itutu nudeo subglolxiso la;vi. — Folia juniora conduplicata. Flores nunc pedicel/is l-Jloris i- t/emma srpia- mosa plurimis umhellato-fasciculatis insidentes, rt tunc foliis prcecociorcs, nunc rntnosi ter- minalcs et post Julia evoluti. DC. Sect. I. Ceiiasophoua. DC. Flores umMlati, pcdiciJIis niiijioris e i/ninnis ortis. 1. C. pumilc; striata, ramis virgatis, floribus subifinbellatis pedunculatis, calycibus cam- panulatis brevibus, tbliis obovato-oblongis erectis subtus glaucis vix serrulatis glabris, tructu ovato nigro. De Cand. Prodr. r. 2. /;. 537. (non Mich, fide Seringe.) — Prunus puniila. Linn. Mant. p. 73. "■Mill. Ic. t. 89./ 2." Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. />. 331. Torretj, Fl. rf Un. St. r. \.p. 46J). Hah. Ctiiiad i, (De Cand.) — As a native of Cinada, I am unacquainted with this i)limt, unless, as 1 sus- pect, it be the siune as the Cerasus depressa. My specimens from the (lai'den of tlie Horticultural Society, and one from M. Seringe, who prepared the specific characters of the genus in De CandoUe's I'rodromus Syst. Veget., are identical with what I hero consider the true depressa. The l!i,st-uuvith white spots, and an astrinfjfeut fruit. — The leaves are -tbout two inches long, quite gkkbrous, as is the whole plant. Racemes about the same length as the leaves, and produced at the same time with them, having lower pedicels especially so long as to be corymbose. 8. C. mollis; racemis breviusculis calyceque (segmentis reflexis) pubescenti-tomentosis, foliis obovato-obloiigis crenatis subtus pubescentibus, fructu ovato. — Douglas, MSS. Had. North-West coast of America, near the mouth of the Columbia, and on subalpine hills, near the source of that river. Douglas. Fort Vancouver. Dr. Scouler. — " A small tree, 12-25 feet high, bearing a considerable resemblance to the C. pubescens of Michaux." Douglas, MSS. — The j-oung branches are dai-k bromi and downy, the racemes and leaves very downy beneath. Racemes much shorter than in the follow- ing species. 9. C Virginiana ; racemis erectis elongatis, foliis deciduis ovali-oblongis ncuminatls serra- tis supra nitidis utrinque nudis, petiolis sub4-glandulosis, fructu globoso atro-rubro. — Mich. Am. V. 1. p. 283. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 539. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. ed. Am. v. 2. p. 204. t. 88. — Prunus \ irginia2ia. Linn. Sp. Fl. p. 677. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 329. Mic/i. in Frankl. Ut Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 18 ? Bigel. FL Bost. ed. 2. p. 192, Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. V. 1. p. 467. Hah. Canada '/—This forms a large tree, according to Michaiix, in the southern states attaining from eighty to one hundred feet in height. It is the Tawquoy-mccriruhtik of the Crees, according to Dr. Richiu-dson, rising on the saiuly plains of the Saskatchanan to twenty feet, but extending as fiu- nortli as the Great Slaw Lake, lat. (i-^", where it attains the heiglit of live feet only. Its fruit, termed Tdwiiuoy-tiu'ena, (or Clwhc- Cherri/,) is not very edible in a recent sfete, but when dried and bruised, it forms an esteemed addition to Peininicun. As far as I can judge, Ikih ever, from the numerous specimens I luire received from Canada and tilt! British Possessions, these observations will rather refer to the C.servtimi than to the C. Virginiana: for the former is very abnncknt in the north, ^>■hile the hitter seems to abound in, if it be not wholly con- fined to, the middle and southern states. 10. C Kcrotina ; ruceniis elongatis denuun pendulis, foliis deciduis ovalibus t)l)ovatisve in'evitor acuniiiiatis opacis acutissiine seiTatis, subtus in axillis barbatis, petiolis subbiglan- dulosis, iVuctu giol)()s() atro-rubro. — luoisel. in Dnhnm. ed. nov. H. p. 3. De Cand. Prodr. ?•. 2. p. 540.— Prunus serotiiia. Fhr/i.— JVilld. Sp. PI. r. 2. p. 986. " Ejusd. Arh. p. 239. t. b f. 2." Torrcy, Fl. of i'ti. St. r. i. p. 467. FMiott, Carol, v. I. p. 551. — P. N'irginiana. Min. (t aUor?—V. olwvata. liigvl. Fl. Host. id. 2. p. 192.— P. Canadensis. Ililld. Sp. PI. i-. 2. p. 986. — Cerasus Canadensis. Dc Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 539. Hah. Tin-ongiiont Canada, and cxtiMiding from Lake Huron (Dr. Todd) as far as north hit. 62°; and from Ni'wfimndland (Dr. Morrisini, Mr. Coriiiiivk) and Hudson's Buy on the eit^t, to the mountain-vallies west cf till' HdcUy Mountains; wlicrc, liowevcr, liy tile liiinks of stri'ams, in sandy soils, it rarely rises more than 2-1 feet liigli. {Diniglns.) -'V\\M Michaux and (.fliers have confounded the (.'. mrotiita with the <.'. VirgiiiiaiKi is ijuite certiuu, but it is still H ith nie a mutter of great doubt how far the tw<» are entitled to VOL. I, Y iH ITO ROSACEA. [Purthia. be ranked as species. The serratures and tufts of hair on ihe underside of the leaves are undoubtedly variaf'le, and we know how little dependence is to be placed upon the foliage of our own Cerams Patlus, a species so nearly allied to this, that M. Serinf^e (in De CandoUe) seems to doubt if it be really distinct. TrIB. II. Sl'IHAIACE.i;. DC. 3. PURSHIA. i>e Cantl. Cal. tubulosiis 5-tidiis, lobis ovatis obtusis. Pet. 5 obovata unguiculata ciiin stntninibus 25 cnlycis ore insertn. Ovarium 1 ("2 ex Br.") oblongum libei'iim stipitatum pulwscenti- glandulosuni stylo subuluto nttemmtum. Stigma lineure laterule longitiulinc fere styli, pul)cscens. Ovtiluin unieiim paulo supra basin insertuin in parieteni loculi adscendens. Ach- eiiiuiH (rima longitudinali dehiscens, DC.) oblongum utrinque attenuatum, stylo coronatuni. Seiiiin olwvatum. Intrgumentmn crassum. Albumen f tenue carnosum. Emhri/o erectus. ColyledoHts ovales. lladicula infera. — V ' 'x ramis erectis, romnUs brevilms numerosis, geniinis squamosis. Folia fasctculata simplicia 'i-dentata sMiis albida. Flores tirmincUes conferti. Petala (ilamentaque siccitate ceniginosa. 1. P. tridoitata. (Tab. LVIII.) De Caiid. in Linn. Trans, r. 12. p. l.-j8, Prodr. r. 2. p. 541. — Tigarea tridentata. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 333. /. 15. Frutex erectus, corticc cinereo ruj^oso glabro tectiii). Rami strict! subvir^uti, nuiiulis brevibiis fiiscicula- tis onusti. Folia fiksciculata semper o ^emmis eloiigutis runiosix squiunosid urta, (i-8 lineiu loii^ii, ciiiicata, in petiolura brevem attonuata, apice tridentata, supra fflabriusculn, siibtus albo-tomeiitosn. Slijmlir miiiutu* tri- anirtiliu-es. Flores solitarii vel congfesti e fasciculis foliorum. Peilimatlus lir. vis, jrlaiidiilosus. Cali/x extus tomentosus, ttibo clon|i[ato );landuloKO ^'landulis pedicellatis, limbo 5-tiHo, pate-.MC, se^nnentis ovalibiis, obtusis. Petala o, talyce inserta, laciniis ultenia, ])at(>ntin, obovata, obtusii, undulata, venosa, siccitate viridescentia, basi in un);ucm attviiuata. Staiiiimi -iH, ad orem tubi cidycis iuscrta. Filamenta tilifomiia, siccitate sordidc viridiii. Antherw snbrotunda'. Pistillitm solitarinm, ad basin calycis inscrtuni, et ejus tnbo dnpio l>)ii<>iii»:, brevitcr stipitatum. Gennen ovali-i'yrmdracciim, pulii'sceiis atqne ^landiilosiim uni-ovnlatum Niipcrno in styluni attenuatum, Stigma linearc, latcnile, |)ubcsccnK. Capsuhi (sou Arlieniinii) 0-7 lineius loiisfa, c'ori- acco-merabranacea, j)utiesccns, ovata, ba.si a|>ii'ei|ue attenuata, iiil'crne calycc persistciitc tccta, iiiilcliist'eiis, (loniritudinaliter dcliisccns, DC.) unilocularc, nionospermimi. Loculi paries louj^itudiiialitcr striatus. Senieii obovatum, nifrro-puq)ureuni, prope basin loculi insertum dein erectum. Inteijumentum crassuni, extus minute punctatum : Pareniln/ma (rrauulosum intense pur))ureum. Albumen carnoso-menibranacenm, albidum. Eui- liryo obovatus conipressiLs carnosus albu.s. Cotybdones nia^jua", crassie. Itadicnla infcni. Had. In the Prairies of the Rocky Mountains, and on the Columbia River. Lewis. " Ahnost the only shnib to be seen through an immense tract of biuren sandy soil from the head sources tif the Missouri to the Falk on the C'olun'iI)ia, and from 3h° to 48° of north latitude." Dowjlas. — It does not appear tiiat any Botanist Iuls ever jrathered this hi<;hly interestiiijjr plant, except the travellers above-niciitioucd. From Lewis' specimens of fl •• 7V' irea tridinlata of Pursh, preserved in Mr. Liuubert's Herbarium, l'rofesscimens collcited liy Mr. Douglas. The i-ovcrin>,' of the seed presents an apiieaiiuicn which I do not (|uite uiidersfaud. If is double. The epidermis, whiih is tliiu and mcnili.TiuoDs, owes i s colour to a dc('|> purple frrauulafed pulp lyiiijf between it mid the inner liniii;,', u liich latter is opaijue am Heshy, whence I have been led to consider it a.s albumen. The two coats are easily se|)arateil from the intermediate pulpy aiul granulated substaure. T.\n, LVIII. Purshia tridentata. Fiij. 1, Bower from a ^romma, imtiiml size, with three leaves; Jiff, ■i, Flower not ((uite expanded, magnified; fiij. 3, Expanded flower, with the (remma and leaves; fiij. 4, Spiraa,] ROSACEiE. 171 Section of a flower, gome of the stamens and petals beiuff removed ; flg. 5, Back view of a stamen ; Jig. 6, Front view of do.; Jig. 7, Pistil; ^g. 8, Pistil laid open to show the embryo; ^g. 9, Capsule with its persiHtent calyx, natural site; Jig. 10, Capsule, magnijied; Jig. 11, Capsule laid open to show the positiuii of the seed; Jig. 12, Seed; Jig. 13, Transverse section of do. ; Jig. \\ Embryo :-^all but figs. 1 and 9, magn\fie(l. 4. SPIR^A. Liwi. Col, 5-fidiis persistens. Stam. 10-50 cum petulis toro calyce adhferente inserts. Carpella 1-00, distincta, rariter bus! coalita, brevi apiculata, sessilia raro stipitata. Sem. 2-6, suturts invcrna' affixo, exalbumiiiosa. Embryo inversus, cotyledonibus crassiusculis. — Frutices in- iriiies vel herbae perennes. Komi altenii. Folia allerna simplicia raro decomposito-pinnaii- KectOy nervis pennatis vel ternato-palmatis. Flores albi aut rubicundi nunquam Jlavi. DC. Sect. I. Physocaiu'us. Camh. 1. S. opulifolia ; foliis cordatis trilobis inciso-serratis petiolutis, corymbis hemisphaericis niultifloris, pedicellis gracilibus longis, carpellis (3 v. 2) calyce triplo inajoribus inflatis. Linn. Sp. PL p. 702. Mich. Am. v. \. p. 293. Pursk, It Am. v. 1. p. 312. Elliott, Carol. V. 1. p. 560. Torrey, Fl.ofUn. St. v. 1. p. 482. De Caiid. Prodr. v. 2. p. 542.— «. foliis pediceliisquc glabris, calycis niarginibus soluninKKlo pubcscentibiis. — S. opulifolia. «. Ser. — p. foliis juniorijjus subtus pedicellis calycibusque pubescenti-tonientosis. — S. opulifolia. li- tonientilhi. Ser. — S. capiUita. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 342. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 542. — y. carpellis 2 pubescenti-tomentosis. — S. inonogyna. Torrey in PI. of Rock. Mount, p. 194 ? Hah. a. Throughout Canada: from Lake Huron {Dr. Todd) to the Sa.skatchawan. Dv. Richardsoti, D)-ummo>ul. — /3. Fort Vancouver, {Mr. Meuzies, Dr. Scuuler,) and upon rocky banks of streams neai' the (irand Kapids of the Columbia. Duuglas. — y. Kettle Faibi of the Columbia. Douglas. — The hairs of the leaves on viir. S. are beautifully fasciculated. Sect. II. CiiAM^DnYON. Ser. 2. S. hypericifolia ; foliis obovato-oblongis 3-4-nerviis integris vel dentatis glabris puber- idisve, nervis pinnatis, corymbis peduiiculatis aut umbellis "sessilibus, pedicellis glabris pu- lierulisve, sepalis iulscendentibus. Ser. — Linn, Sp. PL p. 701. Pursh, Fl. Am. v, 1. p. 341. Torrey, FL of Un. St. v. 1. p. 480. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 543.— (j. Plukenetia. Ser. foliis integerrimis glabris, corymbis sessilibus. Hah. /3. Canada. Pursh. — I am unncquaiuted with this, nor, though stated on the same authority til be found in the swamps of New York, has Dr. Torrey ever seen an American specimen. It is probable that this, like so many of the species of this section, is exclusively u native of the Old World. The S. cajti- tiUa, placed here by M. Seringe, unquestionably belongs to the first section, and to iV. opulijblia. 3. S. chamcedrifolia; foliis ovatis ellipticisve inaequaliter serratis rarius sulilr)batis glabri- usculis, coryml)is hemispliiericis pedunculatis, pedicellis lobisquc calycinis reflcxis pnbescen- tibus. Linn. Sp. PL p. 701. Piimh, FL Am. v. 1. p. 343. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 542.— fi. foliis ellipticis obtusis glabris vel subpubescentibus. — S. chunuetlrifolia. Pall. FL Ross. p. 32. /. XV. (/(/. med.) Hah. North-West coast of America, (but surely not " in Canada,") Pursli. — (3. Sledge Island in Behring's Straits. Mr. Maizies. Chamisso's Island in Kotzebue's Sound, ( Chainissu,) and on the luainland N '1 m a 172 ROSACEA. [Spiraa. of Kotxebue'g Sound. Lay and Collie in Captain Beecheif'a Collection. — This is, according to all accounts, a very variable species. Of the larger and sharp>leaved variety, (S, ulmifolia, Scop.) a good figure is given in the Bot. lieg,, and that is, as Mr. Lindley justly observes, the original S. chaniaiflryoa foliia of Amman, 8t. Rar. p. 190. Sect. III. Spirahia. Ser. 4. 5. betulifolia; foliis late ovalibus breve petiolatis glabris supeme praecipue inciso- serratis sul)lobatis subtus pallidis, coi-ymbis compositis latis glabris foliolosis, floribus numerosissiniis (parvis), ovariis 5 glabris. — Pall, Fl. Itoss. t. 16. Pitrsh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 34.2? JVatu, Dendrot. t. 67. (Jig. bona.) De Vand. Prodr. v, 2. p. 544. — S. liicida. Douglan, MSS. apud Hort. Soc. Lond. — /s. foliis majoribus magis lobatis .subtus pallidioribus. Had. ac. and 0. Vallics of the Rocky Mountains, in lut. 6'l°-b\°. Dnimmond. In the subalpinc regions of Mount Hood, and in the Blue MoiiiitAins, near Lewis and Clarke's River, North-West America. Douylas. — Stems 1-2 feet high ; branches erect, red, glabrous, as is every part of the plant. Leaves 2-3 inches long, membranaceous. Flowers very small and numerous, crowded, forming a llat, broad, compound corymb, white, {Douglas,) yellowish when dry. This agrees tolenibly well with Pallas' figure of the Siberian S. hettdifolia, as far as can be judged from the fructified state of the plant, which is ikloue given in the Flora Rossica. The leaves and inflorescence in Mr. Watson's representation are very characteristic of our plant. Miihlenl)erg's and Rofinesque's <$. corymbosa (see Torrey's Fl. v. 1. p. 482,) seems to differ from this prin- cipally in being slightly downy. .>. S. salicifolia ; glabriuscula, foliis lanceolatis argute subduplicato-serratis, lobis calyclnis triangularibus patulis, racemis elongatis, floribus densis, carpellis 5 glabris. Limi. Sp. PI. p. 700. — (3. floribu- aii)is. — S. salicifolia. Mir/i. Am. v. 1. p. 293. Piirsh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 340. Tomy, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 481. Rich, in Frankl. \st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 19. De Caiid. Prodr. v. 2. p. 544. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 560.— S. alba. Ehrh.—liigel. Fl. Bout, td. 2. p. 197. Jl'at.1. Dendrol. t. 133. — S. salicifolia, y. paniculatii. Ait. Hort. Kew, IIah. /3. Throughout Canada, and as far north aw the Saskatchawan. Newfoundland. Sir Aliixamler Cochranr. 6. S. tomcntosa; raniis pedunculisque foirugiiieo-tomentosis, foliis ellipticis duplicato- serratis sublobatis subtus ferru'gineo-tonientosis, panicula confertiflora atteriuata, floribus parvis, stamiuibus corolla rosea vix longioribus, lobis calycinis triangularibus reflexis, carpellis 5 toincntosis. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 701. Mich. Am. v. I. p. 293. Piirfh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 341. Torre;/, Fl. of Un. St. v. I. p. 481. liif/el. Fl. Host. ed. 2. p. 197. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 560. Hah. Canada, {Michaux, Mrs. Percival, Mrs. Sheppard,) and as far as Lake Winipeg. Dr. Richardson, Mr. Dmmmuiul. 7. S. Douglasii; ramis pedunculisque pubescentibus, foliis ellipticis superne grosse iniequaliter serratis subtus incano-tonientosis, panicula confertiflora oblonga obtusa, floribus parvis, staniinibus corolla rosea dupio longioribus, lobis calycinis triangularibus reflexis, carpellis 5 glaberriiuis nitidis. Hah. North-West coast of America, about tlin ('olunibia and t!ie Straits 4)f de I'uca. Doiii ,, Dr. Scolder. — This in unquestionably different from .S'. loiiiiiUo>-n, being niudi larger in the bmncbes a. .j-aves, with a white (never ferruginous) tonientum. The leaves are serrated only in their upper half, a... 176 RUSACEit:. [Sitver$ia, a 8IBVEH8IA. Willd. Cal, tubuH cuncnvus, limbo 5-fido, extus 5-bri)cteulutU!i. Fet. 5. Slam. 00. Carpellu iiumerosa caudntu in capituluni dispmita, stylo rt-cto pt>rNistente. Seiiim udHccndetis. — " Habitus fere, nee omniiio, Gei, quod il{ff'ert stylis geniculatU articnh Kiiperiore dinHimili Hapiiuque deciduo," llr. 1. S. atiemoiioides ; cniile unifloro, stolonibus rcptnntibuM, foliis pinnntis gliibris, pinnis eiisifoniiibus apice dentiitlN, floribiis albis, stipuli tiliformibus, petalis calycu longioribus, stylis barbatis. DC. — " Jt'i/M. Deri. Maij. 5. />. 308."— Geuni ancmoiioidcs. fVilld. — Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 352. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 533. — Dryas pcntapc'tuliu Linn. Auuen. Acad. V. 2. p. 353. Haii. On tho North-West cout of Amprira, Merk, (ex Punh.) — With this Rpocip!i I am unflqiiainteil. Though given as a native of Kamtschatka, it in not noticed by Chamisso among thu Hotucem of that country described in the Linnwa, nor docs it exist in f ^apt. Becchcy's Collection. 2. ■S\ Ros8ii ; aristis niidis, foliis radicalibus interriipte pinnatis glabris, pinnis trilobiN at'cessoriis iniisqiie tianis indivisis caule unifloro subdipbyllo, petiJoruni venis omnibus tlis- tinctis. Br. in Parry's Xst J'oy. App. p. cclxxvi. — Gcum Rossii. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. />. 553. Had. Melvilh) Island. Capl. Sir Edward Parry, 3. S. humitisf Br. in Parry's Ist I'oy. App. p. cclxxvi. in adnot. Cham, in Linnaa, v. ■2. p. 6. Haii. Isbiiid of Unulaschka. Chtimimiv. — No specific character appears to have been any where given of this plant. But Chaiuisso says it differs principally from .SI. Jioasii, to which it is too nearly allied, by its hairiness. 4. S. f/lacialis ; tola villo denso flavicanti" vestita, foliis pinnatis, pinnis ovato-oblongis summis imisque niiniinis, inediis niajoribus subiinidi-ntatis, flori- niagno unico termintdi, carj)ell()runi aristis villosissiniis. — Jir. in Parry's \st J'oy. — Geuin glaciale. " Adams, Act. Mask. 5. p. 96." De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 553. Haii. Shores of tlic Arctic Sea, west of the Mackenzie Hiver. Ciij)l. Sir J. Franklin, f'ape Lisbunie in Behriiig's Straits. Lay and Collie. — The leaflets are often cuneato and 3-toothed; all of them beautifully silky with long fulvous hairs. 5. iS'. triflora ; birsuta, caule nudiusculo erecto simplice trifloro, foliis radicalibus iiiter- rupte piiniatis, pinnis cuneatis inciso-dentatis mine pinnatifidis inferioribiis sensini minoribus, petalis (rubicundis) calycem iwiuantibus, aristis longissimis sericeo-villosissiniis. — Br. in Parry's \st I'oy. App. p. cclxxvi. in adnot. Rich, in Franhl. \st Jovrn. ed. 2. App. p. 21. Hooh. in Bo/. May. t. 2858.— Geuni triflorum. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 736. De Cand. Prodr. V. 2. p. 553. Torrey in PL of Hock. Mount, p. 125. — Potentilla nivalis. Torrey in Ann. of Lye. ofN. H. ofN. York. v. I. p. 32. t. 3, /. 1. IIaii. Labnidor. Dr. Morrison. Newfoundland. Mr. Co 'mack. Plains of the Soskatchawan, Atha- basca Lake, and vullics of the Hocky Mountains. Dr. Micha.-dxon, Dougla», Dntmmond. — The numerous specimens of this phiit precisely accord with Mr. Bradbury's original ones in my Herbarium, and with others I'rom the White Mountains, in the New Kngland States. Rubut.] ROSACE.t. in 6. S, radiata ; liirsutu, simplex, foliiN riulicalibus lyrato-piimntlH, t'oliulis lutcrulibuH pauciH ininiitisHiinis, tormiimli iniixinio rotiiiiditto-corduUi sinu ungUNtn profiiiulisMiine nuliutiin- iiervosu sublohuto creimto-serrnto, cauliiiiH (3-5) seasilibuH cordutix incisM-lobutU, floribuN puucis (2-3) erectis, curolli-s (fliivis) culyce ion^ioribiis, uri.stis Nubpilosis. — Mich. Am. v. I. p. 300. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 352. J)e ('ami. I'mlr. v. 2. p. 53 1.— S. rotuiulifoliu. Cham, ill Liiiii. V. 2. p. 4. — Oeum rutuiulifoliuni. Lanijml. — D<; Cnnd. Prodr. v. 2. p. 552. — (l. culthitbliiim. Sm. in Uees' Cycl. Hab. North-WeNt coast of America. Memics. Uiialaschka. Lanyxlorff, (ex Finch.) Chamiuo. — Cloaely allied to S, Pechii, (Bot. Ma^. t. iJN03,) which haa not iiitherto been found beyond tlie limits of the United Stated ; but thiH hktter plant w of humbler growth, with u lew leafy atem, and the temiinol piuiiu of it« rndicnl leaf is truncate at the base. 0. COMAROPSI8. Itkh. Cal. tubus turbinutus, limbus 5-fidus extus non bractcolutus. Pet. 5 nou uiigiiiculntu. Stam. 00. CarpeHa puucu apice styluin filifornieni eiungutuni gcrcntiu. Achenia sicca basi non coarctata. Semen cructuni. — Herba? habilii Waldsteinitu scd calyx nudus. Fob'a triaectafere tr{foliolata. DC, I. C. fragarioidea ; carpellis glabriusculis, scapis ramosis, foliis trifoliolati.s, foliob's lato- cuneatis l)rcve petiolntis. — «. petalis calyce longioribus. C. friigarioides. De Caiid. Prodr. i: 2. p. 555. — Dalibardu fragarioidcs. Mich. Am. v. I. p. 300. /. 28. Piirsh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 351. FJIiutt, Carol, v. 1. p. 571. Biycl. Fl. Bast. ed. 2. p. 202. Torrey, Fl. of Uii. St. r. 1. p. 491. — Waldsteinia fiug. Tratt. Bos. — u. petjilis calyce bievioribus. Dalibardu fragarioidcs. Sims in Bot. May. t. 1567. — Coinaropsis Doiiiana. De Cand. Prodr. v, 2. p. 554. IIah. ('anada, in Beecli-woodii. Purs/i. About Montreal. Mr. Ckghurn. — The Coinaropsis pedata of De Candollo I refer to Rubus, on account of itH truly drupaceous caqiels and pendulous seeds ; in which Kenus, indeed, Sir J. E. Smith, though unacquainted with the fruit, has correctly inserted it. 10. RUBUS. Linn. Cal. fundo planiusculus 5-fidus nudus. Pet. 5 et stam. 00 calyci inserta. Carjiella plu- rima in toro nianifeste protuberante non carnoso capitate, stylo sublaterali superata, in dru- pelhis carnosas conversa. Semen inversum. — Frutices rarius herlMu pereimes. Caulcs biennes {an semper ?) scepe radicantes, nunc inermes, nunc sa-pius aculeati. Folia jKtiolata nunc pinnata palmatave, piimis smpius petiolulatis, nunc siiiiplicia lohata indivisave. Fruc- tus edules. DC. • Foliis pinnatis tematisve. 1. R. striffOSHs; caule erecto, raniis teretibus petiolisque setoso-hispidis in ramis juniori- bus pedunculisquc pilis rigidis glandulosis iminixtis, foliis ternatis rarius quinato-pinnatis, foliolis ovatis lato-acuniinatis sublobatis inciso-serratis subtus cano-tomentosis, panicula 4-6- flora, calycibus dense pid)escentibus busi pnecipue setosis. — Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 297. Pursh, Fl. Am. V. I. p. 346. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 198. Torreij, Fl. ofUii. St. v.\. p. 488. Rich, in Fraiikl. 1st Joiirn. ed. 2. App. p. 19. De Cand. Prodr. r. 2. p. 557. — R. Idiuus, /J. Rich, in Frankl. \st Journ. ed. 1. App. p. 739, (excl. syn.)— R. Pennsylvanicus. Pair. VOL. I. z ,1* IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^O ^ A<^ 1.0 I.I 11.25 1^1^ 12.5 ^ ^ 12.2 S- 1^ IlillO m 1.4 t. 1 ^ ^ // ^1 w '1 7 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 m ^•v ,v <^ rv 6^ ^^..^^ 178 ROSACEA. [Bubus. " Caulea fiuci, subteretes, setis parvis rigidis crebris. Stipulm filiformes, basibus breviBtdme petiolis adnata. Peduncttli striati, setis glanduliferis obsiti, rarissime aculeis minutis sparsis. Minus clare Cel. Pursh dixit ' floribus in apice ramulorum axillaribus solitariis.' Fhres revera in paniculam tenninalem, foliosam, pauci- floram (4-6) congesti, pedicellis stepe biflops, flore tamen solitario peduncukto, axillari ad basin pedunculi." Rich. Had, Throughout Canada, from Lake Huron (Dr. Todd) to the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson, Dntmmond. Newfoundland, Mr. Cormack. Dry rocky shores on the Columbia River, North-West America. Menzies, Douglas. — Flowers larger than those of R. Ideeua. Fruit round, with niunerous small acini, not highly flavoured. (Rich.) Dr, Torrey says that the fruit is red, very agreeably tasted, and called the Red Raspberrt/. It seems to hold the place of R. Ideeus in our country. 2. R. occidentafis ; caulibus subteretibus, pedunculis petiolisque aculeatis glaucis, aculeis recurvis, foliis ternatis rarius quinato-pinnatis, foliolis ovatis oblongisve sublobatis inciso- serratis subtus incano-tomentosis, paniculis corymbosis 4-6floris, pedunculis calycibusque tomentosis aculeatis, — Mich. Am. v. I. p. 297. Pursh, 12. Am. v. I. p. 347. Biget. Fl. Dost. erf. 2. p. 198. Elliott, Card. v. 1. p. 568. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 489. Mich, in FranM. 1st Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 19. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 558.— Dill. Ehrh. t. 247. f. 319. — fi. foliis majoribus, subtus niveis. R. leucodermis. Douglas, MSS. in Herb. Hart. Sac. Had. Canada. Michaux. Quebec. Mrs. Sheppard. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. Near the sources of the Columbia. Douglas. — ;8, North-West coast of America; whence it has been introduced to the Garden of the Horticultural Society of London. — Dr. Richardson observes of this, that the flowers resemble those of the preceding spccioN, and that the form of the leaves is scarcely different, but the branches and peduncles are purple-glaucous and glabrous. Fruit roundish, black and dark purple, sweet and well-flavoured, known as Wild Raspberry aaA Thimbleberry. {Torrey.) 3. R. spectabilis ; caule erecto ramisque teretibus inermibus seu rarius suba6uleatis, foliis ternatis glabriiisculis, foliolis ovatis lobatis inciso-pinnatifidis serratis membranaceis, terminali majore longe petiolulato, lateralibus subsessilibus, stipulis lineari-setaceis, pedunculis uni- floris solitariis, calycis segmentls villosissimis lato-ovatis breve acuininatis petalis oblongis (rubris) brevioribus, carpellis numerosis longe aristatis. — Pursh, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 348. t. 16. De Cand, Prodr. v. 2. p. 569. Cham, in Linncea, v. 2. p. 7. — R. stenopetalus. Fischer, (in Herb, nostr.) Had. Banks of the Columbia. iJfr. iWeiuje*, ilf. Xcww. Unalaschka, CAamtsso. Banks of streams and shady woods. North -West America; rarely seen farther than a hundred miles from the coast. Douglas. — " A strong white-wooded prickly shrub, from 6-10 feet high. Fruit large, oblong, yellowish-white, and well flavoured." Douglas. The calyx is very densely hairy at its base. 4. R. macropetalus ; hirsutus, caule elato fruticoso, ramis angulatis gracilibus elongatis, petiolis costis subtus peduncidis calycibusque aculeato-setaceis, foliis trifoliolatis, foliolis ovatis inciso-lobatis serratis membranaceis, terminali majore longe (lateralibus brevi-) petiolu- latis, stipulis lunceolatis, pedunculis bifloris, calycis segmentis longe ucuminatis petala (alba) oblonga snbaequantibus. (Tab. LIX.) — a. foliolis acutis. — R. macropeudus. Douglas, MSS. apud Hort. Soc. Lond.—^. foliolis obtusis.— R. myriacanthus. Douglas, MSS. in Herb. Hort. Soc. Lond. Caulis fruticosiis, clatus. Rami elongati, graciles, anguhit04triati, magis minusve pilosi, oculeati, aculeis Bubtu.] ROSACEA. 179 parviB (pracilibus snbrecurvis uniformibiu. Folia longe petiolata, trifoliolata ;^/io/a late ovate, lobata, in- cig»«errata, apprcsso-sparaim hinuta, acuta, vel in a. obtusa, terminali m^jore, longe petiolnlato, lateialibiu breve petiolulatis, costa subtus, basi pnecipue, aculeata, pubescenti-hirsuta. Stipula lanceolatae, m^jugcube, 5-6 lineas longte. Pedunaili folio breviores glanduloso-hinuti valde aciileati, biilori. Flores maj^. Caljfx pubescenti'glandulofius, segmentis OTatis longe an)7uatcqne acuminatis'nunc sub-laciniatis coroUam subsquanti- bus. Petala oblonga, alba. Stam, numeroaa. ** Fructus oblongus ater." DougUu. Hab. Banks of rivers and in low woods, in the Valley of the Columbia, North-West America. Douglas, Dr. Scouler. — Habit of R. gpectabilis, but differing remarkably in its copious aculei, broad stipules, much acuminated calycine segments, white petals, and bkkck fruit, which hitter is well tasted. Tab. LIX. Rubus macropetalus. Fig. I, PeUl:— magnified, 5. R. Menziesii ; caule procumbente terete aculeato glabra, ramis brevibus pubescenti- tomentosis aculeatis, foliis 3-foliolatis, foliolis lato-ovatis sublobatis insequaliter serratis brevi- petiolulatis supra hirsutis subtus pallidioribus hirsutissimis, paniculis terminalibus pauciiloris, pedlcellis calycibusque aculeatis, segmentis calycinis ovatis acutis mucronatis tomentosis corolla (rubra) brevioribus. - \ Hab. North-West coast of America. Menzies. — This appears to be a small procumbent species, having red flowers, small shortly-petioled leaflets, which are exceedingly villous beneath, and very downy branches and peduncles. Its nearest aflinity is perhaps with R. spectabilis. . .^ . . _ , - * * Foliis 3-seu pedatim b-foliolatis. f Fruticosi. 6. R. suberectus ; glabriusculus, caule suberecto angulato aculeato, aculeis sparsis unifor- mibus, foliis 3-^-foliolatis, panicula laxa pauciflora, segmentis calycinis ovatis acuminatissi- mis morginibus prsecipue pubescentibus. — And. in Tr. of Linn. Sac. v. 11. p. 218. t. 16. Engl. Bot. t. 243. Borr in Hook. Brit. Fl. ed. 2. p. 243. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 556. Hab. Between Lake Superior and Lake Winipeg. Dr. Richardson. Newfoundland. Mr. Cormack, — Although more straggling in its growth and less aculeated than the R. suberectus of Europe, I do not see that this differs in other particulars from it The fruit. Dr. Richardson says, is dark purple. 7. R. villosm; aculeatus, caule glabro angulato, ramis junioribus foliis racemisque ubique glanduloso-pubescentibus, aculeis sparsis parvis recurvis, foliis 3-5-foliolatis, racemis elongatis laxis simplicibus multifloris, pedicellis longis gracilibus basi bracteatis, calycis segmentis mucronatis tomentosis. — Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 2. p. 210. Mich. Am. v. I. p. 297. Piirsh, Fl. Am. v. \. p. 346. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 199, ejusd. Med. Bot. t. 38. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 487. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 567. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 563. Hab. Near Montreal Mr. Cleghom. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. — This is no less distinguished from all the other Canadian species of Rubus by its copious clothing of down, mixed with gktndular hairs, than by its long simple racemes of flowers, with their hu^ge linear-oblong bracteie, and long alternate and remote pedicels. I possess specimens from the United States, sent me by Dr. Boott and Dr. Torrey; and the species seems more universal in the south tlian in the north. 8. R. setosus; " caule basi erecto dein reclinato hispido, foliis ternatis quinatisve utrinque glnbris concoloribus." Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 198. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 563. z 2 180 ROSACEiE. [Jbibui. Hab. About Montreal Dr. Payne, (ex Bigel.) — I have no authentic specimen of this plant, and cannot therefore offer an opinion upon it 9. R. trivialis; caule procumbente sarmentoso aculeato, ramis subinermibus, foliis ter- natLs, foliolis ovalibus acutis inaequaliter serratis glabris, stipulis lineari-acuminatis, floribus axillaribus pedunculatis solitariis et terminalibus racemosis, calycis segmentis ovatis acutis marginibus albo-tomentosis corolla duplo brevioribus. — Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 296. Purah, Fl. Am. v.l.p. 347. Bigel. Fl. Boat. erf. 2. p. 200, EllioU, Carol, v. 1. p. 569. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. V. 1. p. 489?— R. hispidus.* Linn.? De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 564.—" R. flagel- Inris. JVilld." ?— R. procumbens. Muhl. Cat. ? (Ser.) Hab. Canada, near Quebec. Mrs. Percival. Newfoundland. Dr. Morrismt. — My specimens of this pUnt are almost wholly destitute of aculei upon the young branches; but they agree in every respect with those I possess from Boston, gathered by Dr. Boott, which are the same as Professor Bigelow's plant. The flowers are remarkably large, and I find the calyx to have always a distinct white do'.my edge. I am inclined to think, judging from the specimens that I have received from Dr. Torrey, and from his description, that he has confounded the R. trivialis with the R. obocatus, Mich. 10. B. Canadensis; " foliis digitatis, foliolis 10-5 seu 3 lanceolatis acuminatis argute serratis petiolulatis, caule inermi." (Sm. in Btes' Cycl.) Linn. Sp. PI. p. 707. (excl. syn. Mill. Ic.) Pursh, H. Am. v. 1. p. 347. Torrey, H. of Un. St. v.l.p. 488? De Cand. Prodr. V. 2. p. 565. — Cylactis montana. Rafin. in Sill. Journ. v. I. p. 377, et De Cand. Prodr. V. 2. p. 568. (fide Torrey.) Hab. Canada. Linn. — Linnieus could not have well understood this phmt, or he would scarcely have referred it to the Z' . odoratus figured in Mill. Ic. t. si23. 8ir James E. Smith says that it is very unlike all the rest of the genus, having so many leaflets. The plant I have received from Dr. Torrey as the R. Canadensis is a var. of R. triflorus. Rich, with quinate leaves, which I have also from Dr. Boott, gathered near Boston, and whose leaflets, in a very luxuriant state, may be again divided, so as to accord with the Linniean plant. .Michaux does not notice it ; nor do I possess any Rubus fix>m Canada which quite agrees with Linnaeus's description. 11. R. ohovatus; caule gracili longe procumbente aculeis setosis copiosis, ramis brevibus, foliis trifoliolatis vel pedatim quinatis sempervirentibus, foliolis breve petiolulatis vel subses- silibus obovatis grosse insequaliter serratis, floribus terminalibus paniculutis parvis, calycis segmentis ovatis acutis corolla duplo brevioribus. (Tab. LX.) — R. obovalis. Mich. Am. i\ 1. p. 298. Pursh, Ft. Am. v. 1. p. 349. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 590, Torrey, Fl. of Uh. St. V. I. p. 490. — R. seinpervirens. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 201', (according to a specimen from Dr. Bigelow.) Caulis longissiraus, procumbens, crassitie pennai passerinte, teres, plerumque valde aculeatus. Aculei graciles, subsetacei, reviu'vi, uuiformes. Rami numerosi, herbacei, erecti, breves, infeme squamosi parce foliosi, graciles. Folia longe petiolata, ternata scu pedatim quinata, sempRrvirentia;/o/i'o/a parva, unciam vel sesquiuuciam louga, curiaceo-membranacea, nitida, obovata, ad apicem pnecipue subtequaliter serrata, utriuque glabra, breve petiolulata, terminali raajorc petiolulo lougiore, lateralibus patentibus : petiolis costa- i/ue subtus foliis vetustioribus aculeati)). Stipu/tB lineari-lanceolatie, membranareie, integerriniK. Pedunculus inermis, subpubescens, gracilis, tcrmiiutlis, flores 4-5 parvos subpaniculatim dispositos gerens. Pedixlli pubescentes, nudi, bracteati. Calyx pubesc^ns, segmentis ovatis obtusis submucronatis, pubescentibus, mar- • Seringo, in De Candolle, refers tlic R. trivialis of Mich, to R. hispidus of Linn. But Sir J. E. Smith says that Linnesus's plant is more nearly allied to R. saxutilis. Rttbui.] ROSACEA. 181 ginibug albu. Petala parva, lato-oboTata, undulata, alba, calyce longiora. Fnictut mihi desidnratar: sed, teste Cel. Bigelovii, panriu, niger, acerbiu. Hab. Near Montreal Mr. Cleghom. — This is a very distinct species, of which I have also received specimens from Dr. Sohweiniti, with very long slender procumbent shoots, densely covered with curved aculei, which often extend likewise to the petioles and back of the costa of (he leaflets. Peduncles slender, and flowers very small. It is probably more common in the south than in the British Possessions, This has the most riender stem of any of the fruticose species, and almost unites the present groupe with the following. Sir James E. Smith has well remarked, in Rees' Cycloptedia, that the name of this plant, and the definition of its leaves, "foliis obovalibu'" as given by Michaux, are decidedly incorrect: an ova/ leaf being of the Mune breadth at each end. Rubrn obovatus is unexceptionable, and expressive of the shape of the leaflets. Tab. LX. Rubus obovatus. Pi^. 1, Petal:— i?ui^(/7eolatis foliaceis planis glabriiisculis, lineatis, demum reflexis. Petala calycis longitudine, oblongo-obovata, alba. Stam. numerosa. Antheree subrotundie. Ovaria 1-6, glabra, stylo triplo longiore tenuiuata. Fructus ex acinis 1-4 seu 5, globosis, ratione floris magnis, valde pulposis rubris, styli basi persistente coronatis. Nux matura ovata. Semen obovatiun, pendulum. Hab. North-West coast of America. Menzies. Shores of the Columbia, about Fort Vancouver, aud us far north as Observatory Inlet, lat. 53°. Douglas, Dr. Scouler. In shady woods at the roots of rotten trees, on the Rocky Mountains, between lat. 52° and 56°. Drummond. Tab. LXI. Rubus pedatus. Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Fruit; fig. 3, Single acinus; fig. 4, Nut cut opi'ii to show the seed ; fig. 5, Embryo : — magnified. 14. R. triflorua ; inermis, caulibus erectis herbaceis, flagellis sufTruticosis cauliferis, foliis ternatis (rarissime peduto-5-natis) acute serratis, stipulis obovatis, panicula subtriflora glan- dulosa. (Tab. LXII.) — Rich, in Frankl. \st Journ. ed. 2. Jpp. p. 19. — R. saxntilis. fi. Canadensis. Mich. Am. v. I. p. 298. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 349. Elliott, Carol, v. \. p. 590. Rich, in Frankl. \st Journ. ed. 1. App. p. 739. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 201. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. V. 1. p. 490. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 565. — R. aegopoilioides. Ser. in De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 565.— R. Canadensis? Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 488?— R. par- viflorus? NtUt. Gen. Am. v. 1. p. 308? Radix ligno<8, diu-a, valde flexuosa, uigrescens. Flagelli procumbentes, teretes, longissimi, crassitio pemue 188 ROSACEiC. [Bubiu. cohinUrinm, puberuli, nepe purpuraicentes, ad interralla bipollicari* CMileg altematiin proferentos. CoMfe* herbacei, erecti, e xummo radice e tiagellb orientes, basi squamis (itipulia) membranaceis, vel fiucig vel viii- dibaa amplesicaulibufi obvelatu. Folia singulia caulibiu 2-4, altema, temata, (vd rariiw pedatim quinata,) elongato^tiolata. Stipules magiue, obovate, nunc obtosn, nunc acute, gnpiua acumine brevi, basi attenuate. PetioK fiUformes antice sulcati, plerumqne foliolum impar longitudine lupcnutM, primo glandulis pedicellatii mox deciduia ciliati. Foliola subduplicato-seirata, pallida virentia, gubtas paUldiora, impar petioiatum, pl«- nimque ovali-subrhomboideum, utrinque gendm acuminatum, acutum, rariMime obovatum et obtuaum, aemper basi attenuate iutegerrimo ; Utenilia Hubaesnlia, in»qualia, gaepiua oztua inciso-lobata. Pubescentia oaulis, petiolorum, foliorum et stipularum laza, breviuacula, magis aut minus rara, et in foliis nepe fere obsoleta. Flores erecti, terminaleti, rare axiUares et terminalea 2-4, (plerumque 3,) paniculatL Pedunculi uuguiou- lares, stricti, singuli folioli cflulinig conformi, Tel tantum stipulis folii abortivi auffulti, plenunque ebracteati, laterales tamen interdum rudimento folii ut videtur ubi flos alter abortivi uni-vel bi-bracteati. Calyx basi 1 2-co8tato4mgulatu8, 5-6-fidu!i, extus cum pedunculis pube brevi acuta villosus, et glandulia minutis, pedicel- bitis, deciduia obaitug ; btciniia aensim elongato^unmiinatia intua veraua apicem tantum pubeacentibua, aub- anthesin reflexis, mox erectis. Petala 5-6, alba, ovalia, obtuaa, paaaim emarginata, ungue lato bre>i, oalyce paulo altiora. Fructua ruber : Acini pauci, vix edules. Rich. Has. Tbroughout Canada, from Lake Huron to tbe Saakatchawan and the shores of Hudaon's Bay, near York Factory, abundant — Following this plant, so well deacribed by Dr. Richardson, that excellent Naturalist obaen'es, " R. saxalilis, L. in multis cum pracedente quadrat, at diveraa videtur flagellis sterili- biis, nudis aut folia tantum ferentibiia, nee nisi ad apices radicantes anno secundo caules emittentibus, aculeis quamvis raris vix unquam nullis, floribus rainoribus et calycibus pedunculisque eglandulosis." — I think the U. affopodioides, the R. parvifionu, probably, and the R. Camtdensis, Torrey, and Litm. ? may be referred to the same species. 13. R. mucronatus; caule herbaceo piloso inermi, foliis temato-polmatis concoloribus pilosis, foliolis rhombeis ocutis serratis, stipulis ovato-lanceolatis ocuminatis, floribus termin- alibus geminis, laciniis calycinis lanceolatis acutis puberulis corolla brevioribus. Ser. in De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 565. Hab. Newfoundhind. Le Clerc, (in Oe Cand. Prodr.) ' 16. R. arcticus ; caule herbaceo erecto flexuoso subunifloro pubescente inermi, foliis ter- natis glabriusculis obtuse serratis, stipulis ovatis obtusis, pedunculo unifloro, calycis seg- inentis ovato-lanceolatis, petalis rotundatis retusis, stylls liberis. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 708, Fl. Lapp. p. 162. t. b.f. 2. Engl. Bot. t 1585. Curt, in Dot. Mag. t. 132. Purah^ FL Am. v. 1. p. 349. Cham, in Linnaa, v. 2. p. 8. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 565. Hab. Labrador (Pursh, Rev. Mr. Kolmaster*) and Hudtwn's Bay. (PursA.) Dr. Wright, in Herb, nostr. Bay of Good Hope and Chamisso's Island, Bay of Eschscholtz, in Behring's Straits. Chamisso. 17. R. acaulis; glabriusculus, cnule herbaceo erecto brevi unifloro, foliis tematis acute serratis, stipulis oblongo-ovatis acutis, pedunculo unifloro, calycis segmentis lineari-subulatis, petalis oblongis integerrimis, stylis approximatis. — Mich. Am. v.\.p. 298. De Cand. Prodr. V. 2. p. 565. — R. pistillatus. Sm. Exot. Bot. v. 2. p. 53. t. 86. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 349. Rick, in FranhL Ist Journ, ed. 2. App. p. 20. — R. propinquus. Rich, in FrankL Ist Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 19 (flde ipsiss. Rich.) Hab. In Sphagnum Swamps, Hudson's Bay, Michaux; whence I have also specimens from Dr. Wright. From the Saskatchawan, in lat. 53°, to Fort Franklin, in lat. 66°. Dr. Richardson, Drummond; and from * For an interrstinf^ coUertion of Labrador plants, gathered by the Rev. Mr. Kolmaiter, I am indebted to my friend Thomas Davidson, Em), of Nottingham. Bubut.] ROSACEiG. 188 Labrador, (Smith, Dr. Morriion,) to the woods and gwamps of the Rocky Mountains, between lat 599-56", (Drummond); and to Kotjebue's Sound in Behring'H Straits. Lan and Collie. — This is assuredly the X. acaulit of Michaux, a name which, though not strictly appropriate, it is needless to change. Dr. Richard- son observes to me that his R. propinquus is the same with R. acaulis, growing in woods and producing flagelli which run among mosses, not upon the iurtaoe of the ground, and that the two-flowered peduncle appeora to have been accidental Chunisso justly observes how near this comes to R arcticus, but I think the shorter, not >igMg, and slenderer stems, fewer leaves, larger flowers, and much longer and sharper calyoine segments, with the larger and differently shaped petals of the present, will suffice to keep it distinct. I am not able to say whether the clustering together of the styles be constant. Flowers red, flagrant, (Rich.) Yoong flowering pknts are scarcely a finger's length in height, but after blossoming, the stems are (especially in the woods) a span or more high, and the leaves much increased in size. The fruit, which I possess on Dr. Wright's specimens, resembles that of R. arcticus, - • # * poliis simplicibus. f Herbacei. 18. R, stellattts; caule simplicc unifloro, foliis cordatis rugosis profunde trilobis triparti- tisve serratis, stipulis ovatis obtusis, pedunculo (brevi) unifloro, calycis segmentis lineari- subulatis, petalis oblongis erectis (rubris.) — Sm. Ic. PL Ined, t. 64. Pursh, Fl, Am. v. 1. p. 349. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 564. Hab. Near Foggy Harbour, on the North-West coast of America. Menzies, (ex Smith.)— Of this very distinct Rubiu, resembling, however, in habit and in its flowers, R. acaulis, but in the leaves more ap- proaching R. Chamcemorus, I am indebted for excellent specimens to Mr. Menzies, who appears to be the only Botanist that ever met with it. The representation is excellent in the Icones Plantarum inedita; of Sir J. E. Smith. 19. R. Chanuemorus ; dioicus, radice repente, caule simplice unifloro, foliis reniformi- cordatis rugosis plicatis 5-lobis, stipulis ovatis obtusis, pedunculo unifloro, calycis segmentis late ovatis, petalis oblongis patentibus (albis.) — Linn. Sp. PL p. 708, FL Lapp. p. 163. t. 5.f.\. EngL Bot. t. 706. Mich. Am. v. I. p. 298. Pursh, Fl. Am. v.l.p. 349. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. V. I. p. 490. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 564. Rich, in FrankL l«t Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 20. Had. From Lake Winipeg, in lat. 52°, to the shores of the Arctic Sea; (Dr. Richardson, Captain Sir J. Franklin, Drummond;) and from Newfoundland {Dr. Morrison, Mr. Cormack') and Labrador {Dr. Morri- son, Meyer) to the Rooky Mountains, between lat. 52° and 56° {Drummond), and to the shores of Behring's Straits and Unalaschka. Chamisso, Lay and Collie in Captain Beechey's Collection, ../.• )•.„*•,, n Fniticosi. 20. R. odoratus; caule fruticoso erecto stricto glanduloso-piloso, foliis 5-lobis inaequaliter serratis subtus magis minusve glandulosis, corymbis compositis, calycibas setoso-glandulosis, cuspidatis petalis (roseis) subbrevioribus, stipulis liberis deciduis. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 707. Mich. Am. v. I. p. 297. Pursh, FL Am. v. I. p. 348. CurL in Bot. Mag. t. 150. Elliott, CaroL v. 1. p. 570. BigeL FL BosL ed. 2. p. 201. Torrey, Fl. of Un. SL v. 1. p. 490. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 566. Had. Throughout Canada, and as far as the Saskatvhawan. Dr. Richardson, Drummond, — A Hpecies nearly allied to this is described by Dr. Torrey, under the name of R. deliciosus, as inhabiting the more southern regions of the Rocky Mountains. It appears to differ in the absence of viscid glands. 21. R. Nutkanus; caule fruticoso erecto flexuoso stolonifero apice glanduloso-piloso basi 184 ROSACEiE. [Fragaria. nudiusculo, foliis 5-lobis inaequaliter dentatis, cotytnbis simplicibus, calycibus subinermibus cuspidatis : laciniis corollae (dbae cequalibus, stipulis connatia persLstentibus. Lindl. — Moc. PI. Niak. Ic—Ser. in De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 566. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. IS68. Hab. Difoorered by A. Memies, Esq. in Queen Chailotte'i Sound, lat 51°, on the North-Wett ooait of America, {Herb, noitr.) and probably about the lame period at Nutka, by Mocino. Common from Cape Orford, on the same coast, in lat. 43°, in N. California, to Nutka Sound, lat OOP, and from the ooMt, throughout the woody hills, to the head-cprings of the Columbia, in ht. 52°. Douglai, Dr. Seoultr. Moun- tain-woods on the east side of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. — Seringe, in De Candolle's Prodromua, who appears to have first described this species, says that the calyx and peduncles are gUbrous, which is by no means the case with our plants, for they are glandular and downy, but scarcely setose. Mr. Lindley, alter pointing out the essential characters by which this is, in the cultivated plant, distinguished from B, odoratut, observes, that in the nild state some of these distinctions disappear. According to Mr, Douglas, its stems, near the ocean, attain to a height of from 4-10 feet, but in approaching the " Dividing Ridge" of the Rocky Mountains, dwindle to 18-18 inches. " The peduncles are covered with ghndular hairs, though less copiously than R. odoratut, trma which it differs in habit, in being of more slender growth and having Uiger flowers." These flowers are constantiy white, sometimes emarginate: the fruit red, insipid. 11. DALIBARDA. Litm. Ceil, tubo brevi concavo, limbo 5-fido extus nudo, lobis dentatis. Pet. 5 et stam. 00 de- cidua. Ovaria 5-10, stylis brevibus termlnalibus. Achenia calyce involucrata pauca sessilia sicca intiis cardlaginea et subdrupacea. Setnen appensum. — Herbae humiles, foiiis petiolatis sapius indivisia, pedunculit acaptformibus l-^floria. DC. 1. D. reperu; caule repente, foliis cordatis obtusis crenatis pubescentibus, stipulis lineari- setaceis, calycibus pilosis reflexis. — Linn.Sp. PL ed. l./>. 491. Purah, Fl. Am. v.\. p. 350. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 202. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 568. — D. violteoides. Mich. Am. %\ 1. p. 299. h^ 27. — D. cordata. " ^eph. Act. Soc. Moac. 1. p. 92."—Rubus Dalibarda. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 708. Stn. Ic. PI. Ined. t. 20. Hab. Canada. Michaux. About Quebec and Montreal Mrs. Percival, Mr. CUghorn. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. 12. FRAGARIA. Toum. Col. tubus concavus 5-fidus extus d-bracteolatus. Pet. 5. 5tom. 00. Carpella 00 ad receptaculum dcmum deciduum carnosoHsucculentum sparsa exsucca. Stylus lateralis. Semen appensum. — HerbseJlagelli/ene,Jbliis tri/oliolaiia,/blidia groaae dentatis, receptaculis {aeu polyphorb) subrotundia aucculentia rubris out rarius tUbidis. DC. * CarpeUia numeroaiaaimia auperficieUibua, staminibua numeroaia,Jloribm hermaphroditia. Ser. 1. F. veaca; stolonifera, foliolis plicatis tenuibus subtus pilosis, fhictibus pendulis, sepalis post anthesin reflexis, pilis pedunculorum adpressis. Ser. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 705. Engl. Bot. t. 1524. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 569. Hab. In woody situations on the North-West coast of America. Dougku, Cumberhind-House Fort. Drummond. * * CarpeUia paucia in Jbveolia receptaculi immeraia, ataminibua paucia, floribus abortu stepe duncia. Ser. 2. F. Virginiana; abortu dioica, serotina, floribus subcampanulatis, petalis ovatis, Potmttilla.] ROSACEA. foliis coriacei8 non plicatis, petiolis brevibus, pedunculis pedicellisque longitudine foliorum, receptaculis valde tumidis pendulis, stylis longis. Ser. — Mill. Diet. ed. 8. Sm. in Reaf Cycl. f Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 867. Bigel. Fi. Boat. ed. 2. p. 202. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 575. Be Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 570. Torrey, Fl. qf Un. St. v. I. p. 500. Hab. Newfoundland, (Dr. Morrison,) and throughout Canada, as far as the Slave Lake, in lat. 68°. — What I here call F. Virginiana ia the uune aa I have received from Dr. Torrey under that name ; but I mutt observe that I do not lee how it is to be distinguiahed from the F. elatior of Ehrh. and Smith. It doe* not appear to me that any dependence can be pkced on the direction of the hairs of the petioles and peduncles. 1 find them often variable on the same pknt If Smith's F. Virginiana (in Rees' CycL) be the true species, with the hairs of the petioles and peduncles erect, there are only two or three specimens in the whole Collection which have that character, and those were found in the most northern latitudes. The others accord in ahnoet every particuhu' with the F. elatior of Smith. 3. F. Canadensis ; " major ; foliolis omplo-ovalibus, lateralibus manifeste pedolatis : pedicellis longis, recurvo-pendulls : receptaculis seminum globosis, favoso-scrobiculatis, villosis." Mich. Am. v. 1, p. 299. Rich, in Franhl. latjoum. ed. 2. App. p. 20. De Cand. Prodr. V. 2. />. 571. Hab. Woods and hilly pbuses, from Hudson's Bay to the United States. Michaux. Woody countr}' between lat. 52° and 04^, north. Dr. Richardson (in FrarM, \st Joum,) — This being the only Fragaria described as a native of Canada, it was natural that Dr. Richardson should refer his specimens to it In this he has done correctly ; but the species is probably not different from the F, Virginiana. Smith does not notice Michaux's plant Torrey unites it, without hesitation, to F. Virginiana. To me it appears that the two may reasonably be considered as one species ; and may not this be the origin of our F. elatior ? which Miller declares to be a native of America. 4. /'. Chilensis; floribus (magnis) patentibus, foliolis late obovatis obtusissimis grosse serratis coriaceis rugosis subtus sericeo-villosissiniis, pedunculis calycibusque sericeis. — Ehrh. Beitr. — De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 571. — Fragaria sericea. Douglas, MSS. apnd Herb, Hort. Soc. Land. — Dill. Hort. EUh. t. 120. (e planta cult.) — a, pedunculis folium subsequantibus l^i-florii^ — /3. pedunculis folio longioribus pluries dichotomis, cum pedicello in axillis. Hab. North-West coast of America, throughout California, and ftt>m Puget Sound to " Point Bodugo," common along the shores. Douglas, Dr. Scouler. — I have the same species gathered by Mr. Macrae in Chili, and Mr. Douglas has seen it also in Juan Femandes. — This very distinct species of Fragaria seems to occupy a great extent of coast on the Pacific. In the really wild state, the flowers are very larg'v iv! the under«de of the leaves, as well as calyx and peduncles, are clothed with copious long silky hairs, r t -ther my var. /3. which exists in Dr. Scouler's collection, be a cultivated specimen at Fort Vancouver, or wu= ther its appearance arises from luxuriance of soil, I know not ; but it is four times the size of the usual state of the wild plant, less silky, and with numerous flowers upon the tall panicles. In drying, the whole turns almost black, owing to its succulent nature, when recent 13. POTENTILLA.* Nestl. Lehm. De Cand. {Potentilla, Comarum, et Tormentilla. Linn.) Cat. tubus concavus, limbus 4-5-fidus extus 4-5-bracteolatus. Pet. 4-5. Stam. 00 stylo * For the determination of the individuals of this genus, and the characters and descriptions of tiic new species, I am indebted to my valued friend Professor Lehmann of Hamburgh, the learned author of " Monographia Generis Potentillarum." These new species have already appeared in the " Stirpium ab J. G. C. Lehmann, primum descrip- tarum, Pngillus secundus," printed at Hamburgh, 1830. VOL. I. 2 A 186 ROSACEiE. [PolmliUa. lateral! donatn, in receptaculo procumbente persistente exsucco capitato. Semen appensum. — HerbaB aut at^ffruHcea, foliia compoailia, atipulia petiolo adnatia, Jloribua albia luteia rariter rubria. DC. • Foliia pinnatia. 1. P./ruticoaas caule fruticoso, foliis pinnatis, foliulis oblongo-lnnceolutis integerrimis, petulis cftlyce longioribus. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 709. Mich. Am. p. 304. Engl. Hot. t. 88. Purah, Ft. Am. v. 1. p. 355. Neatl. Monogr. Pot. p. 30. t. I. /. a. Lehm. Monogr. Pot. p. 31. Torrey, Fl. qf Un. St. v. 1. p. 498. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 579. Rich, in Fratikl. \at Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 20. — 7. foliis angustioribus densissime pilosis cinereis. Lehm. Monogr. Pot. p. 32. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 579.— P. fruticosa, 3. Neatl. Monogr. Pot. p. 30. — P. tenuifolia. Conap. Pot. Herb. WiUd. in Mag. der Gesell. Natiir. Freunde in Berlin Jahrg. 7. p. 285.— P. floribunda. Purah, Fl. Am. v.l.p. 355. Bigel. Fl. Boat, ed. 2. p. 203. Hab. Throughout Canada, firom Lake Huron (var. y., Dr. Todd) to the plains of the Saskatchawan and Bear Lake JUveni under the Arctic Circle (Dr. Richardson), and from Newfoundland (Dr. Morrison) to thf vnllieg of the Rocky Mountains, on both sides. Douglas, Drumnwnd, Kotzcbuc's Sound in Behring's Straits. Lay and Collie. 2. P. arguta; caiUe erecto pubescente superne viscoso, foliis impari-pinnatis, foliolis sub- rotundo-ovatis basi obliquis duplicato-inciso-. 351. Tolaplanta pubescens, junior glanduloso-viscosa. Caules ex cadem radico plures, erecti, teretes, striati, fistulosi, l-3-pedaIet*. Folia impari-pinnata, radicalia longe petiolata, caulina breviter petiolata, sumnut ternata subsessilia. Foliola7-\\, opposita vcl subopposita, supcriora sensim majora, brevissime petiolata, subrotundo-ovata, basi obliqua p^-osse inciso-dentata, incisuris superioribus duplivatis. StipultB ovatn, acutie, inferiores inte|;prrinue, stipcriores subincisie. Flores erecti, plus minusve pedic«llati, in sununo caule pani- culam subdichotomam confertam coustituentes. Calyx villoso-viscosus, (sub 5-anguiatuii,) foliola exteriora lanceolata, acuta, reliquis minora, interiora oblongs, acuta, subintegerrima : tubo subheinisphierico concavo, ore staniiiiifero. Petala pallide flava, rotundato-obovata, integerrima, calyce longiorn. Stam. gub-26 basi intus annuio nectariformi cincta. Receptaculum viUosum, [subsphiericum demum elongatura camosiim, fere ut iu P. pnlustri. Ovaria ovata, pallide rosea : stylo infra medium margine interiors iiiserto, subulato, ilavo, car- uoso, paululum glanduloso. Stigma acxAwa, ^cAeni'a ovata, Itevia, glabra, stylo persistente kterali donata. H.] Hab. Woody country, as far as hi. 65°, north, and westward to the Rocky Mountains, on both sides of the " Dividing Ridge." Dr. Richardson, Drummond, Douglas. Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia. Dr. Scouler, Douglas, — I had long ago received beautiful specimens of this plant from Dr. Boott, gathered in the neighbourhood of Boston, as the Geum agrimonioidcs of Pursh, an acknowledged Potentilla, but which Mr. Lindley, who has examined an original specimen, " believes to be distinct," while Dr. Richardson says, " forsan hi\jiu(i'. argutee) varietas, foliolis teruisultimissubrotundi8,proportionatimminoribu8." In the year 1824, the plant was published by Dr. ToiTcy, in his Flora of the Northern and Middle of the United States, as P. con- fertiflora, and by Dr. Bigelow, in his Florula of Boston, as a new genus, under the name of Boottia, the character of which consists in a " nectary forming a stellated cavity around the receptacle of the germens, having pits in its live points opposite the narrow segments of the calyx." These pits or cavities are very inconspicuous, and are little more than a depression in each of the sinuses of the five larger segments of the PotentUUt,] ROSACEiE. 187 calyx ; while the nectary itiolf it what exUta in moet or all of the Poteittilla in a grettn or ten dfl((ree ; but is more diitinct in our plant than in many othera. It in represented in Potenlilla, and in the allied genera, WaUhttinia and Comarop»ii, in Neetler's " Monofpnphia de PotentiUa," t. I. and ia deioribed by the lama author in the character of the family L c. p. 14. an the " materie* Htaminifera (diicui periitomicua) summum calycii tubum annulatim incrasMuu," The iniertion of the Htamem at the marf^n of this ring ifives the Ntellated appearance. In P, rvptslrii, thn staminiferoiu cup i« imall, but its nature is the same. A splendid new East Indian genus has now been dedicated to Dr. Boott by Dr. Wallivh, who, lilie myself, " is proud to reckon so zealous and excellent • Botanist among the number of his best iriends:" — (see Boottia cordata in Wallich's " Plautn Asiaticw Itariures," v. 1. p. Hi. t 65.)— Dr. Richardson, by a comparison with the Lambertian Herbarium, proved our pLuit to be the same with the arguta of Pursh, (not Lehmoun,) which name is therefore to be adopted. A figure of the species is here given, aud on analysis of the flowers, in order that it may be seen how little the genus Boottia of Dr. Bigelow is in reality at variance with Potent tilla. Indeed the whole plant bears great affinity with our PotentiUa rupettrii, ttora which it cannot naturally be separated. [H.] Tab. LXIII. PotentiUa ai^ta. Fig. 1, Petal; y?^. 2, Section of a calyx and receptacle of pistils ; Jig. 3, Front view of a stamen; fig. 4, Back view of do.; fig. 5, Pistil; fig. 6, Receptacle of achenia; figs. 7 and 8, Achenia; ySV/. 0, Section of an achenium : — magnified. 3. P. aupina; caule decumbente dichotomo, fuliis pinnatis, fuliolis oblongis inciso-serrntis, ])edicellis axillnribus solitariis. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 711. Mich. Am. v. \. p. 304. Jacq. Fl. Austr. V. 5. t. 406. Pursh, Fl. Am. v.l.p. 356. Nestl. Monogr. Pot. p. 38. Lehm. Monoyr. Pot. p. 42. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v.l.p. 498. 2)e Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 580. Hau. Plains of the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson, Drummond. 4. P. effusa; incano-tomentosa, caule ndscendentc debili, foliis interrupte pinnatis, foliolis oblongis inciso-serratis, floribus dichotome paniculatis, stipulis lanceolutis acuminatis integerrimis, petalis obcordatis colycem acuminatum aequantibus. — Douglas, MSS. Radix lignosa, alba, cortice fusco. Caulis subpedulis, udscendens, debilis, teres, in paniculam dichotomoni desinens. Folia radicalia longe petiolata, impori-ct intermpte-pinnata, caulina brevius petiolato, summa sessilia, temata. Foliola tnqjora 5-9, sessilia, opposita, oblonga, inciso-serrata, serraturis obtiuis, utrinque incano-tomentosa, superiors sensim majora, terminalo siepissime biiidum, minora subcuneiformia, apice 2-3- dentata. Calyx incano-tomentosus, foliolis exterioribus linearibus minimis, interioribns ovato-lanceolatis, acuminatis, integerrimis. Petala aurea, obcordata, longitudine calycis. Receptaculum villosum : achcniis j^berrimis. Hab. On elevated grounds of the Assinaboyne, and the higher parts of the Red Rivers, plentiful. 5. P. palustria; radice repente, caule adscendente, foliis pinnatis, foliolis lanceolatis acute serratis, petalis lanceolatis acuminatis calyce multo brevioribus. — Scopol. Fl. Cam. ed. 2.V. 1. p. 359. Lehm. Monogr. Pot. p. 52. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v.l.p. 498. De Cand. Prodr. V. 2. p. 583. — P. Comarum. NesU. Monogr. Pot. p. 36. — Coniarum palustre. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 719. Fl. Dan. t. 636. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 302. Engl. Bot. t. 172. Pursh, Fl. Am. V. I. p. 356. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 203. Bich. in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 21. Hah. Throughout Canada, and as far north as the Bear Lake. Dr. Richardson, Drummond. Labrador. Dr. Morrison. Unaloschkn, and Bays of Eschscboltz and of Good Hope, in Behring's Straits. Chamisso. 6. P. Pennsylvanica; caule erecto stricto, foliis subinterrupte pinnatis tenuissime tomen- tosis, foliolis majoribus oblongis truncatis inciso-serratis, minoribus integerrimis lacinias 2 A 2 '|'«i IM HOHAVUM. [Polmtitlit. inajuruni oeqiiuntibu!*, Ntipulif) subiiuliviMis. — Lhm. Mant. I. p. 76. Jacq. Hort. Vind. r. 1i. I. 189. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 30 1. Purah, Fl. Am. r. 1. p. 356. Nestl. Monogr. Pot. p. 8«. (excl. syn. Manch.) Lehm. Monogr. Pot. p. 55. Torni/, FT. qfUii. St. v. I. p. 409. Itich. in Franhl. \atJoutn, ed. 2. App. p. 20. De Cand, Prwlr. f. 2. p. 581, (cxcl. syii. P. argutte.) — ^. atrigoaa; folioljs subpectiimto-pinnutifidis, liiciniLs iiiargiiic revulutis, stipulu liiciniutis. Purnh, I. c. Lehm. Monogr. Pot. p. 55. — P. |)cctinatu. I'iach. (sec. exeiiipl. ab ipso uucture communicatuin.) — P. abainthiiiblia. Douglas, MSS. apiid Herb. Hort. Soc. iMnd. Hab. About the 8aiikatchawan, and oa far north oi th«< Dear Lake, and from IIiidMin'N Day to the Rwky Mountain*. Dr. HicharcUon, Drummond, Douijlas. Kotxebue'i Sound. Lay ami Collie. — The tevond variety Heenu to be the more common and the North American apecimenit Ufgree perfectly with thoM< from Siberia. Lem (general in the original form of a,, Huch om in deliiicnted in the above-mentioned work of Jacquin, but the traniiitionR between theito two formo are an fre<|uent om ^,, lo that x. and /3. may l)e «iiteemevatis pcctiiiutiin-piiinatiHdis, supra sericeo-argenteis subtus niveu-toincntosis, stipiilis rhoniboiileis incisis, floribus corym- Ixiso-confertis. — Douglas, MSS. apud Herb. Hort. Soc. Lond. — P. argiita. Ijchm. Monogr. Put. p. 62. (noil Pursh.) Hau. Plains of the Snskatchawan and Rett Uivers. Douylits, Drummond. — This plant, though nearly allied to the foregoing, is certainly a good species. Desidt>s the above marks, the incisions' of the leoHets are deeper, narrower, not erect as in P. Pennsylvanica, but patent ; the <'ulyces lu-e white, toraentose, aud never, as in P. Permsylvanica, mixed with ghmduhir hairs. We have cultivated both pUnts for many years in the Hamburgh Dotanic Uarden, and both have proved constant in their form. {Lehm.)—[\ir. Hichardson having satisfactorily ascertained what is the tnie P. argula of Piu^h, I have taken the liberty of altering the name which Dr. Lchmann had given to this plant, and adopting the MSS. one of Mr. Douglas. But I miut confess, the plant seems to me only a state of P. Pennsylvanica with unusually deeply divided or pectinated leaflets. H.] 8. P. Hippiana,* {Lehm.); caulc erecto, foliis piiinatis, foliolis lanceolato-oblongi.s, iii- ciso-et counivente-serratis, supra scriceis siil)tus incano-tonientosis nititlis, stipulis lauccolatis acuminatis integerrimis, panicula sulxlichotoma laxa, petalis obcordatis calyceni superanti- bus. (Tab. LXIV.) — P. leucopbylla. Torreg in Ann. of Lye. of N. H. of N. Ynrh, March, 1827. p. 197. (non Pallas it. 3. p. 191..)— P. dealbata. Douglas, MSS. apud Herb. Hort. Soc. Lond. (non Ledeb.) • " Hippiunam conrnoroinare liecat hnnc stirprm," — says l)r. Lclimiiiiii, in liis ' Stirpium primum dcscriptarum Piiu'illu» aecunilus,' — " in honurcm ejus viri, cui liuiic libelUim di'diiiivi j nummu autem jure id tribui videtur viro cum litti'mrum ciijiuvis generis pcritissimo, turn de juvenibiis nuturie indninindiB studiu incendendis optime merito et ad- hue merente." PoleHtilla.] ROSACBiC. I8U Pulohni et diitinntiMinu >p«ciM, habitu fare P. Pemuyloanicm. Cauleii ex caiimn radic« pInrM, l-v. peiliiloii, itrccti, torutun, toni«nto«i, in pauicuLim laxam (tulHliitlintomiun multilluram itmiiiientos, Folia rmli- rci/iVi luiiKM petioUU, impvi-pinuta, iiul>^Ju|pi, cuu/i'na byugs breviux p«tiuUU : yu/iWa oppoaiu, «pprusi> nwta, nomiilia, lwiceolato-obluii|{a iiiclM-«t coiinivente-iienutu, Mupra nericea, iiubtui incam>-tom<>iitow, iiitiila, veniN «lt>vatiii lineata. Slipula lanceolate, acumlnatn, intuf^rrimie, lericou-tomentoM!. Culyce» iierictNi. tomenhtxi, foliolia nquali lon|(itudine ; ezUriorilmi lauceolatii, inUriuribui ovato-lanceolatii. Pftala olx'or- ilata, aurea, oalycom puullo HUpflrautia. Here/ilaculum villneum. Hah. Plain* of the 8aakatohawan and Red Iliven, and I*rairiee of the Rocky Mountaiiu. JJnimm.iH)/, Dougliu. Tab. LXIV. Potentilla Hippiana. Lehm. Fig. \, Flower: — maijnificiJ. 0. P. aericea; cuulu oilsccndentc paucifloro, fuliiH piniiatis, fuliulis ovatiN pinimtifidiM utrinque tomentmis subtus incuiiis, stipulis lanccolutis iiitegerrimls. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 710. Neatl. Monogr. Pot. p. 3t. Lehm. Monogr. Pot. p. 66. /. 6. l)t Cand. Prodr. v. i. p. .'i82. — 0. glahrata; foliulis junioribus et senioribus npice tnntum scriceis. Hap. 0, Rocky Mountains, between lat. 3a° and 50". Dnimmond. — Only this variety of the P. arrirm exists in the Collection, which, except in the markx just f^sen, appean exactly Himiliir to the orifriiiiil Altaic species, — [Judging from the very few individuals in the Collection, it seems to be a very rare spvcieH in America. H,] 10. P. amerina; cnule repente, foliis interruptc pinnntis, foliolis argute serratis sericeis, pedicellis iixillaril)us solitariis longitiuline iblionuu, stipulis nuiltifidis. — Liiin, Sp. PI. p. 710. /'/. Dan. t. r>U. Engl. Dot. t. 861. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 304. Purah, PI. Am. v. 1. p. 356. Nestl. Monogr. Pot. p. 35. Lehm. Monogr. Pot. p. 71. Torrey, Ft. of Un. St. r. 1, p. 498. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 582. Bigel. Fl. Dost. ed. 2. p. 203. liith. in Frankl. Ixt Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 20. Cham, in Linnaa, v. 2. p. 24. — d. Granlandicn; glabriuscula, nana, foliis multo niinoribus pauci-jugis, foliolis obovatis rubro-virentibus subtus niveis. Hook, in Parry's ad Voy. App. p. 125. Hah. Throughout the plains, from Lake Huron to the extreme Arctic regions; and from Labrador on the east, to Kotiebuo's Sound on the west ; and at the Columbia. S. Whale Fish Islands. Captain Sir E. Parry, and Captain James Rots. — [This extcnsivcdy distributed plant is, as may therefore be ex]iected, very variable : the two opposite extremes may be considered the var. t. above noticed, tvliiixe leaves are scarcely two inches long, and the state found at the Columbia, whose leaves are a foot or more in l<>ngth, and whose roots are eaten by the Cherokee Indians. H.] 11. P. Drummondii, {Lehm.); caule lierbaceo siiberecto laxo, foliis radicalibus irrcp'ii- Inriter subverticillatim pinnatis caidinis bijugis, foliolis olK)vatis tnincatis bnsi cuncatis pro- funde inciso-serratis ciliatis glabriusculis, stipulis ovatis iiitegfrrimis, petalis obcordatis calyce duplo longioribiis venosis. (Tab. LXV.) Caulis herbaceus, ses(|uipedalis, suberectus, laxus, teres, iistulosus, subpilosus, paucifoliatus. Folia rutli- calia loiigo petiulata, subverticillatim ]>innata ^^jugu. Fuliola obovato, profimde inciso-serrata, dente tcr- niinali reli(|uis brcviore, truncata, bosi cuneata, ciliata, glabriuscula, iianiUele-venosa, paria infima et supcrioitt opposita, reliqua temu quatemave verticilhtta, omnia roognitudine subipquali, semipollicaria. Foliu caulinii 1-3, valde distantia, brcviter pctiolnta, ii-jiiga,^/iW^{/fe<£ * • Foliis pinnato-digitatu. 12. P. diversi/olia, (Lehm.); caule adscendente, foliis radicalibus pinnatis subtrijugis quinatisque, caulinis bijugis digitalis tematis, foliolis cuneiformibus supei;ie grosse inciso- serratis apice sericeo-pilosis, stipulis ovato-lanceolatis integerrimis, petalis obcordatis calyce longioribus. Radix cnusa, lignosa, fusca, supeme squamis, e rudimentif petiolorum stipularumque ortis tecta. Caules ex eadem radice plures, adscendentes, S-l^-poHicareg, teretes, purpurascentes, pilosi.vel glabriusculi, in pani- oulam subdichotomam pauci-vei multifloram abeuntes. Folia radicalia longe petiolata, impari-pinnata, sub- trijuga vel quiuato-digitata, canlina brevitcr petiolata, bijuga, vel digitata et tomata. Foliola approximata, sessilia, cuneifonniu, lateralia swpe obliqua, supra glabriiucula impresse venosa, e medio ad apicem grosse inci80.«errata, serraturis apice pills densis lougi^simis albis, subtua plus minusve pilis longis sericcis instructa; juniora subtus sericeo-Tillosa. Stipulce ovato-lanceolatn, subfalcatte, acutw, integerrinue, inferiorea subtus albido-pilosa], superiort* glabriusculw. Flares erecti, plus minusve longe pedicellatl, Pedicelli teretes, graciles, subpurpurascentes, supeme preesertim tomentosi. Calyces pilosi, folia exteriora linearia acuta, in- terioro lanceolata acuminata reliquis dupio m^ora. Corolla aurea, petalis obcordatis calyce dupio longiori- bus. Beceptacultim villosum : Acheniis lievibus glaberrimis. Hab. Alpine Prairies, as well as on the higher summits of the Rocky Mountains, between lat. 52° and 56°. Drummond. This is one of the Potentillas which presents the most varied modifications. The radical leaves of one and the same plant are partly entirely pinnate, partly pedate or digitate; the leaflets either very close together, or, less trequently, ruther distant ; and though the above-mentioned form of the leaflets remains the predominating one, they nevertheless appear often a little longer or narrower, those beneath either of the same length with the superior ones, or, more commonly, much smaller. The stem-leaves are found varying in the same manner. The pubescence of the plant is also very variable ; that of the stem so in- distinct that it appears at kst almost entirely glabrous. The leaves offer all and every transitions from the sericeous with long hairs to the glabrous state; but even in those whose surface is most glabrous, the points of the segments are still covered yrith some sericeous hairs, such as are seen on P. aurea. The calyx and petals, too, are never glabrous, and the pubescence in general does not depend on the size of the plant, because both tew and many-flowered ones are to be met with, exhibiting all the different forms in which this plant is known to us. Another peculiarity may be mentioned, relating to the growth of this plant. The smallest specimens, perhaps from a dry and elevated spot, do not exceed two inches in height, and have but a single stem-leaf and few flowers. From this form upwards to the height of one foot, with a panicle of 16-20 flowers, all intermediate ones may be seen. And indeed all the deviations now specified offer such insensible transitions, that it is quite impossible to fix any where the limits of a variety. The size of the flowors, however, (like those of P. subacaulis,) exhibits no variation at all : the stem, too, is always more or less tinged with red. 13. P. pttlcherrima, {Lehm.); caule adscendente villoso, foliis impari-pinnatis, foliolis »lense congestis ellipticis aK}uiiliter serratis supra atlpresse pilosis subtus niveo-tomcntosis, stipuli ■: ovatis ocutis integerrimis lanatis, petalis obcordatis calyce longioribus. Rndix fusca, lignosa, supeme squamis e petiolorum Htipulammque rudimentis ortis tecta. Cttules ut videtur ex eadera radice plures, adscendentes, teretes, sesquipedales et longiores, incano-villosi, subpurpuras- centes, in paniculam laxam desinentes. Folia radicalia 3-juga, longo petiolata, caulina bijuga et temata, brevitcr petiolata. Petioli supra profiindc canaliculati, Luuti. Foliola sessilia ita quidem approximata ut folium digitatum septenatumque constitucre videan^ur, elliptica, lequaliter serrata, supra viridia adpresse Potentilla.] ROSACEiG. 19! pilo«a, mibtus niveo-tomentota, 1-3 poUioes longa. Stipula ovato-lanceolatw, acuUe, integerrimae, subtuH valde tomeutosK. /7ore« erecti, pedicelkti. Ca/yce« villosi: pilia patentibus, foliolis calycinis acuminatis apice gphacelato-mucronulatig, exlerioribus lineari-lanceolatis, reliquig lanceolatis paullo m^oribiu. Corolla aurea, pctalis obcordatis calyce longioribus. Receptamlum dense lanatum, pilis acheniis longioributi. Hab. la the Prairies, aa well aa on dry banks, in the Rocky Mountains, between lat. 58° and 56°. DrummoiuL 14. P. rtthrkaulia, (Lehm.); caule adscendente, foliis radicdibus pinnatis bijugis caulinis ternatis, foliolis approximatis oblongis pinnatiiido-serratis supra glabris subtus tomentosis, stipulis integerrimis, petalis obcordatis calycem subsuperantibus, receptaculo glabriusculo. Caules ex eadem radice plures, subpedales, adscendentes, teretes, pubescentes, purpnrascentes. Folia radicalia impari-pinnata bijuga, caulina temata. Foliola oblonga, pinnatifido-serrata, laciniis lineari-lanceo- latis obtusis, supra bete viridia, glabra, subtus tomentosa, infima reliquis multo minora 3-4-loba, terminale maximum. Pelioli pilosi, foliorum radicalium 8-3 poUices longi. StipuUe ex ovato-hmceolatffi, subfalcatte, acutae, integerrimae. Floret terminales, erecti, in paniculam subdichotomam dispositi. Pedicelli 1-2-polli- cares, graciles, purpurei, pilosi. Calyces pilosi, foliolis exterioribua sublinearibus obtusiusculis, inlerioribus ovato-htnceohitis acutis, reliquis duplo nuyoribus. Petala obcordata, aurea, calycem subsuperantes. Recepta- cu/um glabriusculom : acheniis laevibus. Had. About Bear Lake, in lat 66°. Dr. Richardson. 15. P. pukhella ; caulibus procumbentibus subunifloris, foliis pinnatis subbijugis subtus sericeo-tomentosis, foliolis bi-trilobis vel linearibus integerrimis margine revolutis impari- pinnatifido, stipulis vaginantibus, stylo basi glanduloso-dilatato. — Br. in Boss's Voy. ed. 2. p. 193. Hook, in Parr^c 2d Voy. App. p. 395. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 682. Caules ex eadem radice plures, procumbentes, teretes, purpurei, 1^-3 pollices longi, basi glabri, versus apicem densissime lanati. Folia radicalia impari-pinnata, subbijuga, foliola sessilia, margine revoluta, supra viridia, pilosa, impresso-venosa, subtus sericeo-tomentosa, infima minima, sublinearia, obtusa, integerrima, reliqua 2-3 lineas longa, bi< vel tri-loba, impari majore cnneato-obovato pinnatifido, laciniis oblongis vel linearibus, obtusis. Folia caulina 1-2-juga, foliolis lineari-lanceolatis, integerrimis, interdum in folium uni- cum 3-d-Iobum confluentibus. StipultB ovatae, caulem et pedicellos amplectentes, ochream fere formantes. Flores 1-8 terminales breviitgime pedicellati, parvi. Calt/x subtomentosus : foliolis marginatis, exterioribus lanceolatis obtusis, itUerioribus ovatis, acutis, reliquis longioribus. Petala lutea obovata, laevissime emor- ginata,veno8a,longitudine calycis. i9(y/us erectus basi glanduloso-dilatatus. jReceptacu/um pubescenti-pilosum. Hab. Islands of the Arctic Sea. Capt. Ross, Capt, Sir E. Parry, Capt. Sabine. Shores of the main- land between the Coppermine and Mackenzie Rivers. Dr. Richardson. * * * Foliis digitalis. 16. P. argentea ; caule adscendente, foliis quinatis, foliolis cuneiformibus superne incisis margine revolutis subtus candido-tomentosis, petalis retusis calyce longioribus. Lehm. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 712. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. \. p. 355. Nestl. Monogr. Pot. p. 48. Lehm. Monogr. Pot. p. 94. Engl. Bot. t. 289. Bigel. Fl. Bast. ed. 2. p. 204. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v.\. p. 497. Hab. Canada. Pursh. 17. P.opaca; caule decumbente filiformi, foliis infimis septenatis quinatisque, foliolis lanceolato-cuneiformibus profunde serratis utrinque prolixe pilosis, petalis obcordatis 19B ROSACEiE. [PotentiUa. calycem squantibus. Lehtn. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 713. Jacg. Ic. Ear. t. 91. Pursh, Fl. Am. V. 1. p. 355. Lehm. Monogr. Pot. p. 105. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 575. Hab. Labrador. {Herb. Banks, fide PursA.) 18. P. Canadensis; caule odscendente debili, foliis radicalibus quinatis, foliolis sessilibus obovato-cuneifcnnibus superne acute serratis candicanti-sericeis, petalis orbiculatis subinte- gris longitudine calycis. Lehm. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 713. Mich. Am. v. I. p. 303. Pursh, Fl. Am. V. I. p. 354. Nestl. Monogr. Pot. p. 58. t. 10. ^ 1. Lehm. Monogr. Pot. p. 118. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 173. Torrey, Fl. <^ Un. St. v. 1. p. 426. Be Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 575. — P. pumila. Lam. — P. sarmentosa. " Muhl." et Bigel. in Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 204. (fide specim. ab amiciss. Boott.) , Hab. Canada. Michaux. — Dr. Boott's specimeiu of " P, sarmentosa of MohL," (and Willd. ?), precisely accord with Dr. Torrey's, and with Nestler's description and figure. It may be a state of P. simplex before the appearance of the runners, but the leaflets are broader and much paler, and silky beneath, 19. P. simplex; oaule sarmentoso, foliis quinatis, foliolis oblongo-ovalibus serratis sub- tus subpilosis, pedicelli^> aiiiilaribus solitariis longitudine foliorum, petalis rotundatis vix emarginatis calyce paidio longioribus. Lehm. — Mich. Am. v.\. p. 303. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 354. Nestl. Monogr. Pot. p. 40. t. 9./. 2. Lehm. Monogr. Pot. p. 142. Elliott, Carol. V. 1. p. 574. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 204. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. I. p. 497. De Cand. Prodr. V. 2. p. 575. — P. sarmentosa. Willd. (fide Lehm. ex specim. in Herb. Willd.) an MuM.? — P. Caroliniana. Pair. Had. Canada. Michaux. About Quebec. Mrs. h 'val, W, Sheppard, Esq. — This should be com- pared with authentic specimens, and in different states, of ^ . Canadensis, to see if they may not prove the same. 20. P. gracilis ; caule erecto elato superne corymboso-paniculato moUiter hirsuto, foliis longe petiolatis 5-natis superioribus solummodo sessilibus, foliolis lanceolatis profunde pin- natifido-serratis subtus albo-tomentosis, stipulis magnis lanceolatis integerrimis, petalis ob- cordatis calyce sericeo longioribus. — Douglas, MSS. apud Hort. Soc. Lond. — Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 2984. Hab. Banks of the Columbia and plains of the Multnomak Rivers. Douglas, Dr. Scouler. — In habit nearly allied to P. pulcfierrima of Lehm. in this work ; but here the leaflets are truly digitate, not pinnated in the slightest degree. [H.] 21. P. flabelliformis, (Lehm.); caule erecto gracili, foliis novenatis septenatisve, foliolis profunde pinnatifidis supra adprcsse pilosis subtus incano-tomentosis laciniis linearibus dis- tantibus margine revolutis, floribus corymbosis, petalis obcordatis calycem superantibus. (Tab. LXVI.) Caulis suberectus, sesquipedalis, gracilis, teres, fistulosus, subpurpurascens, inctuibente pilosus. Folia ruiUcnlia longe petiolata novenata septenatave, caulina septenata et quinata brevius petiolata, summa ter- iiata. Foliula sessiiia Nt-orsim sese tpgentia, flabelliun fere formantin, profunde pinnatifida, supra viridia adpresse pilosa, subtus incauo-tomentosa, Liciniis remotis, linearibus, obtusis, integerrimis, margine revolutis. Petioli Linati folionun radicalium 3-6 poUices longi. Stipulis angusto-lanueolatie, acuminata, integerrimtp, subtus lanata>. Flores pro plaiita parvi, breviter pedicellati, in summo caule congcsti. Calyces iueani sub- lanati, foliolis exterioribus linearibus, interioribus ovatis acuminatis rcliquis raulto majoribus. Petala aurea, obcordata, basi cuneata, calyce duplo majora. Beceptaculum pilosum. PotentiUa.] ROSACEiG. 193 Hab. Plains of the Saakatchawan. Dr. Richardson, Drummond, Tab. LXVL PotentiUa flabellifonnis. Fig, \, V^owet :— magnified. 22. P. dissecta ; erecta ramosa glabriuscula, foliis quinatis, foliolis pinnatifidis, laciniis integris acutis, floribtis terminalibus subcorymbosis. Pursh, Fl. Am. v.\. p. 355. De Cand. Prodr. V, 2, p. 676. Hab. Near Hudson's Bay, (Herb. Banks, fide Pursh.) ' 23. P. chrysantha ; caule adscendente, foliis septenatis quinatisve, foliolis ellipticis grosse serratis pubescentibus, stipulis superioribus subincisis, petalis obcordatis calyce duplo longi- oribus. Trevir, In ind. aem. H. Wratisl. 1828. Prozime accedit ad P. intermediam, differt: caule simplice nee dichotome ramoso supeme nudo, foliis magis ellipticis qiiam ovatis, stipulis latioribus snperioribus plerumque incisis, foliolis calycinis ineequalibus, acheniis Isevibus nee rugfulosis. Pianta americana robustior et magis glabrescens quam Sibiiica a CL Lede- bourio mecum communioata. ^. Hab. Mobt Prairies, near the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. 24. P. concinna; caule abbreviato paucifloro, foliis radicalibus septenatis quinatisve, foliolis cuneato-obovatis apice serratis subtus densissime niveo-tomentosis, petalis obcordatis calycem superantibus. (Tab. LXVII.) — Rich, in Frankl. \st Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 20. Pulchra species. Caules ex eadem radice plures, bipollicares, debiles, uti et petioli et pedunculi lanati. Folia radicalia septenata vel quinata cum petiolo longitudine caulium. Foliola 3-5 lineas longa, supra pallide riridia, pilis copiosis adpressis subsericea, subtus densissime niveo-tomentosa, tomentum pilis longis mollisiiimis ultra marginem porrectis mixtum. Folia caulina 1-2, temata : foliolis apice tridentatis, laterali- bus stepe integerrimis. StipidtB sublanatte, foUorum radicalium membranacen, subhyalinae, lanceolate, acuminata, nerroso-striatw, caulinorum ovatte, lanceolate, acutte, herbaccte. Flores 2-3, terminates. Calyx viUosus, foliolis exterioribus linearibus obtosis, interioribus ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis reliquis longioribus. Petala obcordata, aurea, calycem superantia. Receptacubou hirsutum. Hab. Plains of the Saskatchawan, about Carlton House. Dr. Richardson. Drummond. Tab. LXVII. PotentiUa concinna. F«^. 1, Flower: — magnified. * * * * Foliis tematis. 25. P. Norvegica ; caule erecto superne dichotomo, foliis tematis petiolatis, foliolis ob- longis acute serratis patente-pilosis, pedicellis axillaribus, petalis obovatis calyce breviori- bus. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 715. Fl. Dan. t. 171. Mich. Am. v. I. p. 302. Pursh, Fl. Am, v. 1. p. 354. Nestl, Monogr. Pot. p. 66. Lehm. Monogr, Pot. p. 163. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p, 496. Spreng. Syst, Vegit. v. 2. p. 540. Rich, in Frankl. 1st Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 20. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 573. — P. millegrana, et P. grossa. Douglas, MSS. apud Herb. Hort, Soc. liond. Hab. Throughout Canada ; and as far north as the Bear Lake. Dr. Richardson, Drummond. Hudson's Bay. Douglas. Labrador. Dr. Morrison. Shores of the Columbia, at Fort Vancouver, and towards the mouth of the river. Douglas, 26. P. hirsuta; laxe sericeo-hirsuta, caule erecto paucifloro, foliis tematis petiolatis, foliolis obovatis profunde inciso-serratis, dentibus obtusiusculis, paniculn pauciflora, petalis calyce brevioribus. — Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 303. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. \. p, 354. Lehm. Monogr, VOL. I. 2 B 104 ROSACEiE. [PotentiUa. Pot. p. 155. Nestl. Monogr. Pot. p. 67. /. 9. f. 1. Rich, in Frankl. \st Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 21. — P. monspeliensis. Linn. — P. Morrisoni. De Cand. Cat. Hort. Monsp. p. 135, Prodr. V. 2. p. 573. Hab. Canada; from Quebec to the St Lawrence. Michaux. Plains of the Sasikatchawan. Dr. Richard- son, Drummond. — Of this plant I find only two or three specimens in the Collection, and these, on a hasty frlance, I confess I had been disposed to mingle with those of P. Norvegicu, But 1 am now inclined to concur with Dr. Richardson in keeping them distinct. The figure of Nestler, above quoted, is very faithful, and the upright unbrauched stems, H-ith a few-flowered terminal panicle, are characteristic. [H.] 27. P. nana, (Lehm.); caule erecto unifloro, foliis ternatis, foliolis subrotundo-obovatis obtuse dentatis iitrinque pilosis subtus conescentibus, petalis obcordatis calyce triplo lon- gioribus. — Conspect. Pot. Herb. Willd. in Mag. der Gesell. Nat. Freunde Ber. Jahrg. 7. p. 296. Lehm. Monogr. Pot. /». 181. ^ 17. Z)e Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 373. Hab. On the most elevated of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Labrador. Sev. B. KoMmeister,* (in Herb, nostr.) Kotzebue's Sound. Lay and Collie. — I possess the same plant, gathered in Spitzbergen by Capt. Sir fi. Parry. — From all allied species the above may be easily discerned by the " foliola calycina exteriora subrotunda, obtusissima." Lehm. — May not this be the P. emarginata, Ph.V 28. P. emarginata ; assurgens, hirsuta, stipidis ovatis integerriinis, foliis ternatis, foliolis sessilibus approximatis ambitu inciso-dentatis utrinque Iiirsutis, pedicellis paucis terminali- bus elongatis unifloris, petalis cuneato-oblongis emarginatis calyce diiplo longioribus. Pursh, Fl. Am. v.\. p. 353. Hab. Labrador. Rev. S. Kohimeister. — A small species ; flowers large in proportion. (PursA.) 29. P. fragiformis ; caule erecto paucifloro, foliis ternatis, foliolis obovato-subrotundis obtuse dentatis utrinque patenti-pilosis inargine villosis, petalis obcordatis calyce paullo longioribus. — Conspect. Pot. Herb. Willd. in Mag. der Gesell. Nat. Freunde Ber. Jahrg. p. 294. Lehm. Monogr. Pot. p. 165. ^.15. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 387. Hab. In the Aleutian Islands. (Lehm. De Cand.) 30. P. villosa ; caule adscendente paucifloro, foliis ternatis, foliolis subrotundo-cuneifor- mibus serratis supra sericeo-villosissimis nitidis subtus cano-tomentosis, petalis obcordatis calyce duplo longioribus. — Pallas, ex Pursh, Fl. Am. v. \. p. 353. Lehm, Monogr. Pot. p. 166. t. 16. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 573. Hau. North-West coast of -America. Menzies. Oundas Island. Dr. Scouler. Unalaschka, and about Behring'i) Straits, common. Chamisso. Kotzebue's Sound. Lay and Collie. 31. P. Vahliana; caule erecto subunifloro, foliis ternatis, foliolis lateralibus cuneiformibus trifidis, terminali rhomboideo, hirsutissimis subtus nitidis niveo-vel flavescenti-tomentosis, petalis reniformibus calyce duplo longioribus. Lehm. Monogr. Pot. p. 172. Horn, in Nomencl. Fl. Dan. emend, p. 66 et 118. — P. hirsuta. Vahl. inlitt. Horn. Fl. Dan. 1. 1390. (Jig. mala.) De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 573. — P. Jamesoniana. Grev. in Mem. Soc. IVern. v. 3. p. 417. t. 20. * KoHLMEisTEB 18 the corrcct spelling of thin name, us I bare lately ascertained ; though it ban been written Kol- MASTiR before in this work, and Colmaster in Pursh's Flora. Tliis jfcntleman, tbu Rev. Benjamin Gotleiii K0111.MEISTEB, reaidcd many year.t as a Moraviuu Missionary in Labrador, and made a beautiful collection of the plants, with the use of wliicb I have been obligingly favoured by the Rev. P. Latrobe. PoteiUiUa.] ROSACEA 105 Affinis P. nivetB sed certe species distincta, petalis reniformibuB facile ab omnibus P, niveiB fonnis din- oemenda. Hab. Dry and elevated ridges of the Rocky Mountains, between lat 52° and 56°. Drummond. Shores of the Arctic Sea. Dr. Richardson, Capt. Sir John Franklin. Ishinds of the Arctic Sea. Capl, Sir E. Parry, Capt. Sabine. — This is a very beautiful species, with the flowers large in proportion to the size of the pktnt, and the petals very broad ; but I possess many specimens of a Poteniilla from the higher summits of the Rooky Mountains and from the Arctic regions, which appear to be quite intermediate between P. Vahliatia and P. nivea. The latter has in general much smaller flowers, but which are larger frequently as the plant becomes smaller, in very arctic or very alpine situations, [H.] 32. P. nivea; caule adscendente paucifloro, foliis ternatis, foliolis obovuli-cuneiformibus margiue planis inciso-serratis, supra subhirsutis, subtus niveo-tomentosis, petalis lato-obcor- datis calyce paullo longioribiis. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 715. Fl. Dan. 1. 1035. Ne^l. Monogr. Pot. p. 73. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 353. Lehm. Monogr. Pot. p. 184. Rich, in Franld. lat Jouru. erf. 2. App. p. 30. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 572. Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 2982. (van macro' phylla.) — P. micrantha et uniflora. Ledeb. {Jide speciminum ab ipso auctore mecum com- municatorum.) — P. Gunneri. Hartm. Fl. Scand. — /3. foliis utrinque villosoiusculis poginis concoloribus. Br. Hah. Labrador. Rev, B. Kohlmeister (in Herb, nostr.) Mountains and alpine Piiiirio.s, from Carlton- House, to the Rocky Mountains, Drummond; and to the shores of the Arctic Sea {Dr. Richardson), and islands of the Arctic Ocean, ( Capt, Ross, Capt, Sir E, Parry, Capt, Sabine,) where also var. /3. is found, as well as at Labrador. Dr, Morrison, — This species also, in North America, appears, in regard to the pubes- cence of the whole plant, size, and nimiber of the flowers, a very variable one. Though the size of the petals is subject to many changes, it depends however on that of the calyx, in as much as a lai^er calyx has always in pro|H>rtion larger pctab.* Another deviation from the usual state of the plant I find in the North American plants of this species, namely, that sometimes (as in P, subacaulis) there are found some leaves qiiinate : these are apparent on vigorous specimens, the flowers of wliich are numerous and small. In other respects there is no difference. Lehm. 33. P. tridentata; radice repente, caule adscendente, foliis ternatis, foliolis oblongo- cuneiformibus apice tridentatis supra glabriusculis subtus pubescentibus glauccscentibus. — Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 2. p. 216. t, 9. Engl. Bot. t. 2389. Nestl. Monogr. Pot. p. 66. Pursh, Fl. Am. v.l. p. 353. Lehm. Monogr. Pot. p. 190. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 205. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v.l. p. 495. l)e Cand. Prodr. r. 2. p. 585.— P. retusa. lietz, Fl. Dan. t. 799 et 1875. Hab. Labrador. Rev, B. Kohlmeister, Dr. Morrison. Newfoundland. Sir A. Cochrane and Mr. Cor- mach; in Canada, and throughout the woody country, from Lake Huron {Dr. Todd) as far as lat. 64°. Dr, Richardson, Drummond, 34. P. bijlora; caule erecto apice subbifloro, foliis ternatis tenuissinie pilosis, foliolis lateralibus profunde bipartitis termiiiali bipartite, segmentis linearibus integerrimis margine ciliatis. Lehm. in Cmapect. Pot. Herb. Willd. in Mag. der Gesell. Sieb. Jahrg. p. 297, Monogr. Pot. p. 192. t. 20. Rich, in Frankl. lat Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 21. Hab. Darren grounds, from hit. 64° to the shores of the Arctic Sea. Dr. Richardson, (in \st Exped.) Kotzebuc's Sound. Lay and Collie. — For an accurate and full description of tias species, taken from the recent plant, see Dr. Richardson, luc. cit. [H,] • For some further particulars relative to the varieties of this species, see the Bot. Mn«r. under tub. 2982.— tf. '> B 2 196 ROSACEA. [Agrimonia, Note, — In the Botanical Renter t 141 8, has jiut speared a Polentilla from Dr. Richardson, under the name of P. Mmourka of " Homemann;" but which I am quite unable to distinguish from Dr. Richardson't original specimena of P. Petuuj/lvanica, — H, 14. SIBBALDIA. Ledeb. (Sibbaldia: Spec. Lim.) Cat, ploniusculus decemfidus (lociniis alternis accessoriis.) Cor. pentapetala: petala lineari-spathulata. Stam. 5-10. Styli laterales, siinplices, 5-10. Caryopses 5-10. Recep- tacidttin subnudum. — EglanduloacB, petalis albis vel flavidia. Ledeb. 1. S. procumbens; foliis trifoliolatis, foliolis superne sequulibus cuneatis apice grosse den- tatis pilosiusculis, floribus corymbosis, petalis calyce brevioribus. Linn. Sp. PL p. 406. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. \. p. 211. Tbrrey, Fl.o/Un. St. r. 1. p. 330. Engl. Dot. t. 897. Cham. in Linnaa, v. 2. p. 28. Hab. High Mountains of Canada. Pursh. Prairies, and upon the heights of the Rocky Mountains, between btt. 52° and 56°. Dmmmond. Unalaschka. Chamisso. 15. HORKELIA. Cham, et Schlecht. Cal. companulatos, semidecemfidus, laciniis alternis accessoriis. Pet. 5, (parva, Cham.) Stam. 10, biseriato, calycis parietibus inserta. Receptaculum conicum sicciim, villosum. Ovaria indefinite numerosa. Styli simplices cum ovario articulati, subterminales. Achenia calyce inclusa. Cham, et Schlecht. 1. H. congesta; foliis radicalibus pinnatis, foliolis cuneato-oblongis apice incisis, calycis laciniis extcrioribus integerrimis, petalis calyce longioribus. — Douglas, MSS. apud Herb. Hort. Soc. Land. — Hook, in Dot. Mag. t. 2880. Hab. Ciq>e Mendocino, and on the low hills of the Umtqua River, California, hkt 41°-42°. Douglas. 16. CHAMiERHODOS. Siingie. (Sibbaldi£ Spec. Linn.) Cal. campanulatus, d-fidus. Cor. 5-petala : petala obovata. Stam. 5. Sfyli laterales, (rarius 5) plerumque 10 vel plures. Caryopses 5, 10 pluresve. Receptaculum villosum. — Omnes glanduhso-pilosee, petalis albis purpureisve. Ledeb. 1. C. erecta; herbacea pubescens, caulibus elongatis racemoso-paniculatis, foliis radicalibus biternato-multifidis, caulinis superioribus 3-5-fidisve laciniis lineari-filiformibus, floribus pentundris 5-20-gj'nis, petalis calycem excedentibus. — " Bunge." — Ledeb. Fl. Altaic, v. 1. p. 431.— Sibbaldia erecta. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 406. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 211. De Cand. Prodr. V. 2. p. 5S6.—Amm. Ruth. p. 85. t. 25, Hab. About Carlton House on the Saskatchawan, (Dr. Richardson,) and among the Rocky Mountains, between lat. 52°-56°. Drummond. 17. AGRIMONIA. Toum. Cat. tubus turbinatus foveolatus supra luppaceus, extus setis involucriformibus onustus, fauce cum centrali foramine obturato, limbo 5-fido. Pet. 5. Stam. 15. Carpella 2, stylo terminali. Achenia tul» cul. indurato inclusa membranacea, seniine appenso. — Herbw, foliis pinnatisectis, floribus racemoso-spicatis flavis, bracteis trijidis. DC. 1. A. Eupatoria; glubriuscula vel liirsuta, foliis interrupte pinnatis, foliolis oblongo- ovatis grosse serratis, fructibus distantibus, tubo calycis carapanulato superne setoso. Linn. Sanguisorba.] nOSACEM. 197 Sp. PI. p. 643. Mich. Am. v. I. p. 287. Purah, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 325. Engl. Bot. t. 1335. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 189. Elliott, Carol, v. I. p. 526. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. I. p. 473. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 587.— 13. hirauta. Torrey.—i. parviflora; racemis gracUibus, pedicellis longioribus, floribiis remotioribus minoribiis. — A. paiTiflora. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. w. 2. p. 130 ? et cUiorum ? — A. striata. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 287 ? et aliorum f Hab. Throughout Canada, m far as Lake Winipeg, Dr. Richardson, Drummond. fi. and y. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. — What I take to b« a small flowered variety of this is not uncommon in Up[ier Canada, and this, I strongly suspect, is the A, parviflora of Ait., and probably the A, striata, imperfectly described by Michaux, and which he says inhabits Canada; but he observes that the flowers are white. According to my specimens from Mr. Elliott, his A. suaveoletu is this var., but whether it be the same with that of Pursh, I am not able to determine. Trib. IV. Sanguisorbejg. Juaa. 18. ALCHEMILLA. Toum. Cal. tubulosus, tubo apice subcontracto, limbo 8-partito, lobis altemis (bracteolis) min- oribus intei'dum minimis dentiformibus. Pet. 0. Stam. 1-4. Carpella 1-2 lateraliter stylum filiformem apice capitatum gerentia, demum sicca indurata monosperma. Semen inversum. — Herbae, foliis palmatim lobatia aid aectia, floribus corymboais parvia. Genus medium inter Sanguisorbeas et Dryadeas. DC. I. A. vulgaria; foliis reniformibus plicato-concavis 9-lobis serratis, caule petiolisque gla- briusculis, floribus dichotomis corymbosis. DC. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 178. Engh Bot. t. 597. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 589. Hab. Labrador. Dr. Morrison, Jiev. B. Kohlmeister. — This species is known to inhabit Greenland, but, 1 believe, no otlier part of the continent of America thau that I have now mentioned. A. alpina, too, is found in Greenland; but in America it is only doubtfully mentioned by Pursh as having been seen on high mountains in Vermont, and New Hampshire. 19. SANGUISORBA. Lim. Florea herniaphroditi. Ccd. 4-fidus extus basi bisquamosus. Pet. 0. Stam. 4. Carpella 2 intra calycis tubum inclusa, stylo apice penicilliformi superata, in achenia sicca indehisc. 1-sperma conversa. Semen inversum. — HerbiB perennes, foliis impari-pinnatia, floribus in spicaa denaiaaimaa ovataa cylindraceasve aggregatia. DC. 1. S. media; spicis elliptico-cylindruceis (atropurpureis) stuminibus calyce subduplo longioribus, calycibus bracteis foliisque longioribus, foliolis cordato-ovatis obtusis grosse dentnto-serratis. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 594. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 117. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. V. 1. p. 176. Sm. Engl. Fl. v. 1. p. 219 ? De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 594.-/3. minor. Hab. Canada. (Linnceus,) Douglas, MSS, Coliunbia River, on the North-West coast of America. Mr. Menzies, Dr. Scouler. /3. At Port Wentworth. Mr, Menzies, — This is assuredly very nearly allied to our I'^uropeean S. officinalis; and was described by Linnceus as a native of Canada, (from which country, how- ever, I have never seen a specimen,) and distinguished by its longer cylindrical spikes, and longer stamens. In these characters, our plants from the North-West coast entirely agree; and I have a beautiful drawing, made on the spot by Mr. Menzies, in which these distinctions are faithfully represented. The spike is a very deep purple colour. At Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia, the leaves attain a length of twelve or fourteen inches, and the stem a height of two feet. At Port Wentworth, they scarcely reach the height of a span. — The style is single, according to Mr. Menzics's figure ; the stigma a globose tuft of hairs ; and there are three broctcas at the base of the calyx. 198 ROSACEie. [HOM. 2. S. Canadensis; spicis longis cylindricis (olbis), staminibiis longe exsertis, filamentis superne dilatatis, foliolis ovato-oblongis subconlatis grosse scrratis. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 169. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 100. Purah, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 126. Elliott, Card. v. I. p. 206. Torrey, Fl.ofUn. St.v.\. p. 176. Bigel. Fl. BoH. erf. 2. p. 62. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 694.— /3. latifolias foliolis brevioribus latioribus. Hab. Canada, about Quebec. Michaux, Mrs. Sheppard, Mrs. Percival. Newfoundland. Dr. Morrison. a. Observatory Inlet, North-West ooaat of America. Xh. Scouler, Orawjr pastures in the vallies of Una- laschka. Chamitso. 20. POTERIUM. Linn. Florea monoici aut polygami. Cal. basi S-squnmosiis, tubo apice coarctato, limbo 4- partito. Pet. 0. Stam. 20-30. Ovaria 2 stylo filiforini et stigmate penicilHfornii superata. Achenia intra calycem induratum sicca l-sperma. Setnen inversum. — Herbm aut suffhiticea. Folia impari-pinnata, foliolis serratis (vel profunde divisis.) Flores in spicas fflobosas cylindraceasve dense aggregati. DC. 1. P. Sanguisorba; herbaceum, caule anguloso foliisque glabris, foliolis 4-5-jugis ovatis subrotiindisve profunde serratis, capitulis siibrotundis floribus inferioribus masculis. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1411. Engl. Hot. t. 860. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. .594. Had. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd, (in Herb, nostr.) 2. P. annuum ; herbaceum nnnuum glabrum, caule erecto dichotomo; foliolis 4-5-jugis ovatis profunde pectinato-pinnatifidis, laciniis lineari-angustissimis, capitulis ovalibus (uni- sexualibus ?) — NuUall, MSS. in Herb, nostr. Radix parvas, annua. Cktulis erectus, strictus, gracilis, pedalis ad bipedalem glaber, plerumque dicho- tome ramosus. Folia plurima, glabra. Foliola 4-5-juga, circumscriptione ovata, ad costam usque pectinato- pinnatifidn, laciniis angustissimis linearibus. Capitula terminalia, elliptica, ut videtur ilavescenti-purpurea, iinisexuatia? Hab. Rocks near the " Grand Rapids," on the plains of the Multnomak, frequent. Douglas The same very distinct species I have received from Mr. Nuttall (who gathered it upon the Red River, in Louis- iana) as the P. anmiutn of his M8S. : a name, therefore, which I gladly adopt. Tkib. V. RosE^:. DC. 21. ROSA. Toum. Calycis tubus apice contractus. limlx> 5-partito, lobis per sestivationem apice subspiraliter imbricatis ssepe pinnatim sectis. Pet. 5. Stam. 00. CarpeUa pliu-ima, calycis tubo demum baccato inserta, et in eo inclusa, sicca indeliiscentia subcrustacea, e latere interiore stylum gerentia, stylis c calycis tubo coarctato exsertis, nunc omnino liberis, nunc in styluni coliunnarem accretis. Semen in achenio solitarium exalbuminosum, inversum. Embryo rectus, ."otyledonibiis pluniusculis. — Frutices aut Arbusculse ; foliis seepius impari-pinnatis, foliolis serratis, stipulis petiolo adnatis. DC. Div. I. Cinna.mome;e. Setigerce vel inermes bracteata. Foliola lanceolata eglandulosa. Discus tenuis nequaquam incrassatus. Lindl. 1. R. nitida; pumila, armis confertissimis gracilibus, foliolis nitidis anguste lanceolatis Itota.] ROSACEiE. HA planis. Lindl. — Willd. Enum. p. 544. Purah, Fl. Am. v.\. p. 344, et in Suppi. p. 749. Litidi. Ros. p. 13. t. 2. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 603. Torrey, Ft. qf Un. St. v. 1. p. 486.— R. blanda. Purah, Fl. Am. v. \.p. 344. (non Ait.) Hab. Newfoundland. (Herb. Banks,) Dr. Morrison, Mr, CormacA, Sir Alexander Cochrane, 2. R. lucida; compactu, nculeis rainorum stipuluribus, foliolis oblongis imbricatis planis lucidis, fructu depresso-globoso. Lindl. — " Ehrh. Be.itr. 4. 22." Jacq. Frag. p.1\. t. 107. / 3. Ptirsh, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 344. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 563. Lindl. Roa. p. 17. Torrey, Fl. qf Un. St. v. 1. p. 485. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 002.— Dill. Elth. p. 326. t. 2ib.f. 316. Hab. Newfoundland. Sir Alexander Cochrane, — In those gpecimens which I have received from Sir A. Cochrane, the calyx-tube is naked. 3. R. fVoodaii; stipulis sepalisque conniventibus, foliolis oblongis obtusii glabris. Lindl. Roa. p. 21. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 604. Lindl. in Dot. Reg. t. 976. Hah. North of the Saakatchawan, aa far as Bear Lake. Dr, Richardson, — Of this there ia what Mr. Borrer considers a var., with the leaves downy beneath, gathered about Cumberhnd-House Fort by Mr. DrKmmund. 4. R, Carolina; stipulis convolutis, foliolis lunceolatis, sepalis patentibus. Lindl. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 703. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 341. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 565. Lindl. Roa. p. 23. t. 4. Torrey, Fl. qf Un. St. v. 1. p. 486. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. />. 605. — R. Caroliniana. Bijel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 197. — R. Pennsylvanica. Mich. Am, v. 1. p. 296. Hab. Canada, and as far as the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson, Drummond. 5. R. blanda; elatior, armis deciduis, foliolis oblongis planis, petiolo piloso. Lindl. — Ait. Ilort. Kew. ed. 1. 1>. 2. p. 202. Lindl. Roa. p. 25. — R. fraxinifolia, «. De Cand. Prodr. V. 2. p. 606. Hab. " North-West coast of America." * Memies, (in Lindl.) Hudson's Bay, (Herb, Banks.) Canada, and as far north as the Bear Like. Dr. Richardson, Drummond. — The specimens in the Collection accord with an authentic one in my Herbarium from Mr. Lindley. " It varies, however, in the abundance of glands on the underside of the leaves and stipules, nor do I know how R. acicularis, LindL (Kos. p. 1-14, t. 8,) is to be dis- tinguished. There are specimens from Cumberland-House Fort, gathered by Dr. Richardson, in which the shoots are almost as large and prickly as in R.ferox, but not downy. There is, too, a var. foliolis latioribus serraturis dorso crenalis, gathered near Bear Lake by Capt. Back and Lieut. Kendal. — Mixed with R. blanda, and its broad leaved var. is a Rose unkno>vn to me, of a similar pale hue, with very numerous nearly equal setaceous prickles, petioles slightly hairy, and with a few prickles and sette, leaflets very obtuse, coarsely, sharply, and simply serrated, and naked on both sides. It is probably a species." Borrer. 6. R. fra.Tinifolia; elatior inermis, minis strictis glaucescentibus, foliolis opacis undu- latis impubibus. Lindl.— ^* Bork. Holz. 301." Ker. in Bot. Reg. t. 458. Lindl. Roa. p. 26. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 606. Hab. North-West coast of America. (De Cand.) Memies, (in Herb, nostr.) Douglas, Dr. Scouler. Newfoundland, (Herb. Banks.) — In De CaudoUe's Prodromus this is stated to be exclusively a native of the North-West coast of America. My ispcciraens are all from that country, and well accord with the figure in the Bot. Register, above quoted. M. Seringo unites the R. blanda of Hortus Kewensis with the present species. * Tills statiou probably belongs tu the following species. Mm HI ,l^%4. 900 ROSACEiE. [Cratrngut, 7. R. cinnanumea ; elatior cinerea, ramis strictis, aculeis stipularibus rectiusculis, stipulia dilatatis undulads, foliolis obloiigis rugosis subtiu totnentosis. Lindl. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 70S. Engl. Bot. t. 2388. LintU. Ros. p. 28. /. 5. De Cand. Prodr. v. I. p. 605. Hab. ShorM of the Columbia, near ito confluence with the tea. Dr. Scoukr.—Mt. Borrer obienrea that the ipecimens retemble the Europnan plant, except tliat the flower.«tall(8 bear setw. 8. R. mqfolis; humilior caesia, ramis strictis coloratis, aculeis sparsis suboiqualibus, stipulis linearibus, foliolis oblongis planis subtus glaucis tomentosis. Lindl. — Retz, Oba, Bot. 3. p. 33. Lindl. Ros. p. 34. Hab. From the Sailutchawan to Mackeniie'i River. Dr. Richardson. Div. II. PiMPiNELLiFOLiiE. SettgercB armia coi\ferti8 sttbcoriformibiu, v. inermes; ehrac- teattB (rariaaime bracteata.) Foliola ovata v, obhnga. Sepaia conniventia peraiatentia. Diacua aubnullua, Lindl. 9. R. atricta ; ramosissimo, romulis inermibus, iructu elongato penilulo. Lindl. — MuM. Cat. p. 42. Lindl. Roa. p. 42. t. 7. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 612.— R. pendulina. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 705.— R. Carolina. J. Ait. Hart. Kew. ed. 2. v. 3. p. 260. — Var. /?. foliis subtus pubescentibus. Hab. /3. On the Saskatchawan. Drummond. Div. III. Banksian^. StipultB auUibera, aubulata v. anguatiaaima, aapiua decidua. Foliola aapiua ternata, nitida. Caulea acandentea. Lindl. 10. R. lavigataf stipulis lineari-lanceolatis semiodnatis, petiolis inermibus, Fructibus muricatis. Lindl.— Mich. Am. v. I. p. 295. Pursh, Ft. Am. v.\.p. 345. Lindl. Roa. p. 125. Hab. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. — Mr. Borrer obaerrefl that this species is probably the same as Porsh's It. htvigata, since it agrees very well with his character; but the leaves are pubescent, and the leaf.«talks have no prickles. I am indebted to my kind and valued friend Mr. Borrer for the determination of the above species of this most difficult genus. There are still some dubious ones in the Collection, and two or three that are probably new from the Pacific side of the Continent ; but till we are supplied with more copious and better speci- mens, we shall not attempt to define them. Tpib. VI. Pomaces. Juaa. 22. CRATAEGUS. Lindl. Cat. tubus urceolatus, limbua 5-fidus. Pet. patentia orbiculata. Ovarium, 2-^ loc. Styfi totidem glabri. Pomum camosum ovatum dentibus calycinis vcl disco incrassato clausum putamine osseo. — Frutices apinoai. Folia angulata aut dentata. Corymbi ter- minalea. Bracteoe aubulatce decidua. DC. 1. C. Crua Galli; foliis olwvato-cuneiformibus subsessilibas nitidis glabris tarde decl- duis, cal. lobis lanceolatis subserratis, stylis 2. DC. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 632. Mich. Am. v. I. p. 288. Pur ah, Fl. Am. v.l.p. 338. EUiott, Card. v. I. p. 548. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 194? Torrey, FLofUn. St. v. 1. p. 476. fVata. Dendr. t. 66. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 626.— Mespilus lucida. Ehrh. Crat»ffu»,] IlOSACEiE. 201 Haii. (.'anada. Purih. Aliont Lake Erie. Doutjliu.—l liave wen no Canadian ipecimeui of this, which in, however, not uiifrcquent in the southern SUtei. In the northern, I am diipoMd to thinlc that C. ylanduloMa has Iwen niistaldMi for it. I posseiw beautiful ipociraens from Dr. iichweiniti, gathered in Pennsylvania. 2. C. elliptica ; foliis cllipticis inicquuliter serriitis glubris, petiolis calycibusque glandu- losis, liiciniis colycis ol)tusis, baccis glolMsis 6-spermis. Ph. — Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 2. p. 168. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 337. Jilliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 649. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. V. I. p. 47.5. J)e Caitd. Prodr. v. 2. p. 627. Haii. Canada. Punh. — With this species I am unacquainted. 3. C. punctata ; foliis Mlmvuto-cuncifortnibus glubris serratis, culycibus subvillosis, lobis subulntis integris, DC— Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. r. 2. p. 169. Jacq. Find. v. \. t. 28. Mich. Am. V. 1. p. 289. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 338. Torrey, Fl. ofUn. St. v. 1. p. 476. tVata. Dendr. t. 57. EUiM, Carol, v. \.p. 548. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 627.— Mespilus cunei- folia. Ehrh. — /3. ? brevispina. Douglas, MSS. apud Herb. Hort. Soc. Lond. Had. (i. Common on the banks of streams on the North-West Coast of America. Douglas, Dr. Seouler. — Of the wood of this, and of Pj/riis rivularin, the Indian tribes on the Patnfic make their wedges for splitting trees. Mr. Douglas's plant, thus named, seems to come too near C. ijinndulom, and its leaves are certainly not iinfrequently lobcd or angled. Two varieties ore in Mr. DoiigUut's collection firom the North-West coast ; both, indeed, with short thorns ; one is gbbrous in every part, the other has the peduncles, calyces, and under-sido of the leaves downy. 4. C. pyrtfolia; foliis ovato-ellipticis inciso-serratis subhirtis, calycibus villosiusculis, lobis lineari-lunceolatis serratis, floribus 3-gynis. DC. — Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 2. p. 168. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 337. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 530. IVats. Dcndr. t.&\. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. V. 1. p. 475. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 627. Hah. La Grande Chaudidre. Pursh, MSS. 5. C. fflandulosa ; foliis obovato-cuneatis angulatis glabris nitidis, petiolis stipulis calyci- i)usque glaiululosis, fructibus ovulibus 5-sperinis. DC. — fVilld. Sp. PI. p. 1002. (non Mich.) Pursh, Fl. Am. v.\. p. 337. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. i. p. 474. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 627. Wats. Dendr. t. 58. Haii. , Throughout Canada. From Lake Huron (Dr. Todd) to the Saskatchawnn. Dr. liichardion, Drummond, Douglas. — Perhaps Mr. Douglas's C punctata, /3. ought to be referred hither; and if so, it inhabits also the North-West coast of America. 6. C. corcinea; foliis cordato-ovatis inciso-angulatis glabris acute serratis, petiolis calyci- busque pubesceiitibus glaiululosis, petalis orbicuiatis, floribus 5-gynis. DC. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 682. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 288. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 337. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 553. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. \. p. 474. Wats. Dendr. t. 62. De Cand. Prodr. r. 2. p. 627.— C. sanguinca. Pa/l. Fl. Boss. t. 11? Hab. Canada. Miclmur, Pursh. Near Quebec. Mrs. Sheppard, Mr. Cleyhom. Dry shores of Luke Erie, common. Douglas. — Fruit red, eatable. 7. C. cordata ; foliis cordato-ovatis iiiciso-angidatis glabris, petiolis calycibusque eglaiidu- losis, floribus 5-gyiiis. DC.— Willd. Sp. PI. v. 2. />. 1000. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 554. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. \. p. 174. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 628. Lindl. in Dot. Reg. t. 451. — C. polifolia. Walt. Carol. — Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 337. — Mespilus acerifolia. Poir. VOL. 1. =i C Mm im^:. 902 ROSACEA!. [Amtlaiichitr. Hab. CuuiUi Punh. Shorn of Lake Erie. DougUu, (^lto»-IIouM, on the 8Mkatuh«wan, to the Rooky Blountaint, and at the louroM of the ('olumtiia. Dmmmomi. 8. C, ftava ; fulils olH)vut(>-ctineift>rniihu!i NublolMitis crcnuto-scrniti!*, |)etuiliN brcvibiiN, Nti- pulis ('* conlutii*") culycibuNque glandtilosiM, floribiiji BubM)litariit«, lutcciH turbiimtiii 4-Nper- inin. DC— Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 9. p. 169. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. ftSl. Watn. Ihndr. t. 50. l)e Cand. Prodr. v. 8. p. 628.-0. ginnclulowi. Mick. Am. v. 1. p. 288.— 1\ Curt>- liiiianu. Pair. — McMpiliu Michuuxii. PerH. (l)e Cand.) lUii. Inland of Ork'oiu in the 8t Lawrence. Mr. Shritpurd. — The only ipecimen of thif plant I have received Arom the Canadian pomiewiona ii destitute of flowen, but iu petiolee, winftrd with the deciirrent iNwe of the leave*, admirably diitinfiuiiih the Rpecien. The utipulca, indeed, are not cordate, nor are they m> dgured by Watnoii, nor dtfHcribed by Miuliaux, except iu the young Mtate. It were to lie wiihed that the other Americau Hpeciei of this genuii were oh dintrnctly marked oa the preMnt. But the whole of them require careful compariiion, and to be deM'rilied from recent specimen*. Dr. Morriaon'g ooUectioM from Newfoundland contain the C. oxyacantha i but it wa* probably intro- duced into that iaUnd from Europe. 83. AMELANCHIER. Meilik. Cat. 5-fidu8. Pet. lanceolata. Stam. calyce subbrevioni. Ovarii luculi 10 sen potiiis 5 bipartiti. ()vula 10 in l«>culoruni purtitionibus solitiiriu. Styli 5 l)asi subcuoliti. Pomum muturuin 3-5-locularf. Semina 3-5, endocurpio cartiliiginco. — ArbuiiculsB ; foliia nimplici- bun serratia deciduis, Jluribus racemoaia albia, bracteia lineari-lanceoUaia deciduia. DC. 1. A. Ikttryapium; foliis ubiongo-elliptifis cuspidatis, junioribus Mubvillosis demuni glabris. Ih Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 632.- A. grandifloni. Doiu/laa, MSS. apud Herb. Hort. Soc. Ijond. — Pyrus Botryapium. Linn. fil. Suppl. p. 255. Purah, Ft. Am. v. 1. p. 339. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 106. — Mespilus Canadensis. Linn. Sp. PL p. 185. — M. Canad. 3.? Mich. Am. v. I. p. 291. — M. glabra. Nutt. MSS. in Herb, nostr. — M. arborea. Mich. Arb. Foreat. ed. Gall. v. 2. p. 70. t. 66. — Crata-gus racetnosa. Lam. — Aronia Botryapium. Pera. Syn. PI. p. 39. FMiott, Carol, v. I. p. 557. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St.v.l. p. 479. Hah. Throu{|;hout Canada ; frequent. Newfoundland. Sir Alexander Cochrane, Dr. Totld. Plentiful on the higher porta of the Columbia. Douglas. — In the North-Wewt Hpecimena of thiit plant, aa of the follow- ing, the serrature* of the leaves are sometimes confined to the extremity. 2. A. ovalia; foliis subrotundo-ellipticis acutis, junioribus subtus subvelutliiis adultis glabris, racetno coarctato, petolis obovatis, calyce pubescente. De Cand. Prodr. v. 2. p. 632. —Pyrus ovalis. mild.— Purah, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 240. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 195.— M. Canadensis, a. obovalis. Mich. Am. v. I. p. 201. — Crataegus spicatu. Lam. — Aronia ovalis. Pera. Syn. PI. v. 2. p. 40. Elliott, Carol, v. I. p. 558. Rich, in Franhl. \at Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 19. Torrey, Fl. ofUn. St. v.\. p. 479. — )3. aemiintegrifolia, foliis plerisque upice gqluminodo serratis. — A. parviflonu Douglaa, MSS. apud Herb. Hort. Soc. Land. Hab. Throughout Canada, from LakeHuron (Dr. Todd) to the Soakatchawan and Mockenaie Rivera, and IU far as the Rocky Mouutuins. (Dr. Richardson, Dnimrnond, Douglas.) Ii. Plentiful about the (.irand Rapids, and at Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia, and on the high grounds of the Multnomak River. Douglas. — I am sometimes disposed to agree with Dr. Torrey, who suspects this to be only a var. of the preceding. What I consider as the A. Botryapium has the young leaven slightly hairy, and the adult ones perfectly glabrous, of a thin texture, and turning black in drying, In my specimen of A. ovalis, even Pgnu.] HOHACKK. thtt old IpavM »re mon* or li>M thickly dothml, f<«p«cially beneath, with a i^mfHi^ yeUowith tomontiim, rHrtly iw In our Kiiro|ia-iui A. vulijitri», from which it ii|i|)<-ar<>mi to hnv<> included thi>iin two and the followinf^ apecinN i,, *■ - hJH A. InnntleniH*. Dr. liichArdiion olmcrvva that " thin alioiuidii on the landy pUliia of the Haakatiihawau. iM woo of Meetiuiu-uuliMmt-memii, both in a fVeih and dried atato. They form a pivaaaut addition to I'emmiiiin, and make excellent puddinf(i, very little Inferior to plum-paddin)(," 3. A. miiyuiuea; i'oVm obluiigiu utrinquu rotunilutiN argute ttvrrutU scmjier nndis, bructciit stipiiliM|uc pluiiUMW, rucL-iniN i-apitutLs, culycibiM extiu gluhris. LituU. in Hot, lieg. t. 1171. — A.? Minguiiiea. VJe VamL Pntdr. v. 2. p. 633. — Mewpilus Cuiiiulen8i»t, y. rotundil'oiiu. Mich. Am, V, 1. p. 391. — Pyriis sanguinea. Purah, Fl, Am. v. 1. p. 2t0. — Aronia siiiigui- iicu. Nutt, Hah. VamAii, Mirhuux, IHinh. lludaon'a Bay. W. Willinnu, Eiiq. (in But. Ileij.) Columbia. PurxA. I..ako Huron. Dr. Toilil. I'laina of the Saakatchawan. Dr. ttiihurdiou, Drummuiul. Newfoundland. Dr. Miirriium. — What I hero coiiaider to be the Pyrtm miujtiinea of Punth, ia principally diatiMKuiahed from our A. Botryapium by its fewer-dowered, much shorter racemiw, and the ahorter nnd broader or more ovate petals. The leaves are hairy when youn{r, as in that speciea. Purah describes the fruit as red j Mr. Liudley as bhickish-purple. 84. PYUU8. Lindl. Cat. tubus urceolatus, linibus 5-l<)bu.s. Pet. subrotundn. Styli .stppius 5, rnrius 2-S. Pomnm clausuin S-Ioc. putiuninibuH ciirtilagineis. Semina in IocuIh qutxiut' 2, testa cartil- aginea. — Arbores fruticesve. Folia simpticia vet pinnata. Cyuia- patentea terminaka mtil- HjhrcB. Bructeu! subulata decidutB. DC. Sect. 1. Torminaria. DC. 1 . P. rimtlaria ; foliis ovatis integris aiigulntu-subtrilobi»iquc sulNicmninatis acute serratis .subtuN pubescentibus, corynibis termiiialibus siinplicibus, calycibus hirsutis intus (lensis,siine tonieutosis, stylis (3-4) basi coulitis. (Tab. LXVIII.) — Douylaa, MSS. apitd Herb. IJort. Soc. Lond. Arbor 15-:J6-pedalig, rami* cortice cinereo obtectis, junioribua B(dummo<|ualiter Merrata,^. Trib. I. Onagre/i;. 1. EPILOBIUM. • Linn. Calyx 4-pliyilus deciduus. Petala 4. Stamina 8. Capsula linearis t)btuse tetragona 4- l(K.-ularis 4-vulvis polyspernia. Semina nnincrosa, ])endula, coniosa. Lehni. — Herbiu. Folia opftosita re.l ullerna. I'lores a.rillrire.i, solitarii aid ttrminales, spiaiti, in spiris alterni et uni- bracteati. Corollue purpurea, rosvte, subcarnew, rariter luteat. DC. ' The nminiri'mcnt S'i> Alex. Cochrane, Dr. Morrison^ to the shores of the Pacific, ut the mouth of the Cohimbia, {Douglas, Scouler.) Unahischka and Bay of Eschscholtz. Chamisso. — Dr. Richardson says that the youn^r leaves, under the name of L'Uerbe FiJ^ "re used by the Canadian voyagers as a pot-herb. 2. E. opacum, (Lehm.); caule erecto pubescente, foliis subsessilibus angiiste lanceolatis subintegerrimis opace venosis, floribus axillaribus solitariis pedunculatis, stylo reflexo glabro staminibus breviore. Medium fere inter E. anguatifolium ct latifolium, floribus capsulisque cum E. latifolio, tbliis cum E. an- gustifolio magis convenientibus. Caiilig erectus 1-1^ pedalis, teres, laxus, pubescens, simplex, ramulis sterili- bu8 in axilUs foliorum. Folia subsessilia, sparsa,approximata, anguste Lincvolata, ac\iminata, subintogerrima, pellucido-punctata, opace nervoso-venosa, venis multo rarioribus quam in E. aiigustifolio, supra saturate viridia pilis brevissimis sublente conspicuis obdncta, subtiis pallidiora, •rlabriuscula. Folia ramulorura sem- per opposita. Flores pauci, in axillis folionim superiorum pcdiccUati. Cali/cis Jbliola lineari-Ianccolata, nervosa, tcnuissime subciliata, Petala obovatii, iutcgerrima vel siipernc erosa. Stiflus rctloxus, glaber, sta- minibus adscendentibus brevior: stiijntatc -i-partito, rcvoluto. Germen iucaniun, poUicare. Capsulam maturam nou vidi. Hah. Banks of the Columbia, North-West coast of America, particularly about Fort Vancouver. Douglas, Dr. Scouler. 3. E. latiJoUum; caule sul)erecto subramoso, foliis ovato-lanceolatis subintegerrimis rigidis aveniis, floribus axillaribus pedicellatis, stylo suberecto glabro staminibus breviore. — Linn. Sp. PL v. 1. p. 494. 77. Dan. t. 505. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 259. Biih. in FrmiM. \st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 12. De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 40. — E. venustum. Donglan, MSS. aptid Herb. Hort. Soc. Lond. Hau. Banks of rivers in the Uocky Mountains, between lat. 52° and 56°, (Drummond, Douglas,) to the shores and islands of the Arctic Sco, in every degree of longitude. Labrador. Dr. Morrison. Behring's Straits. Chamisso, Lay and Collie. — The figure given in the Flora Danica represents very exactly the North Ameriuan plant, which differs from the Siberian only in the less copious pubescence of its leaves. Amongsf the s]>ecinieiis sent by Mr. Douglas, there is one with the name of E. venustum, which, however, cannot be separated from the above plant, the ditferences consisting only in the smaller size of all the parts. In regard to its leavt.s, it is between E. latifolium a. and ^3. Pursh. Sect. II. Lysi.machion. Petala olwordata, genitalia irrita. 4. E. alfiiniim ; caule btisi repente bifarium pubescente paucifloro, foliis sessililxis oblongis obtusis subintegerrimis, stigmate iiuliviso, capsulis sessilibus glabris. — Linn. Sp. PI. v. 1. p. 495. /'/. Dan. t. 322. Engl. Bot. t. 2001. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 260. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 147. De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 41. — ,3. nutans, caule majori apice nutante, foliis oblongis ~''m-U 206 ONAGRARI^. [Epilobium. denticulatis. — E. alpinum, nutans. Homem. Namencl. Fl. Dan. emend, p. 66. Fl. Dan. t. 1387. — E. Horueinaiini. Reichenb. Ic. t. 180. De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 42. Uab. Alpine rivulets in tlie Rocky Mountaiug, Drununond. Labrador. Rev. Mr. KoMmeiiter, Dr. Morriaon. ». and /3. Observatory Inlet, North -West America, lat. 66°. — Like Walileuberg and Homcmann, I am unable to separate the /3. (£. Homemanni of Reichenbach) from E. vdpinwn, as a distinct species ; especially as I possess, amongst several northern specimens, the most evident transitions. A very good figure of ». is given in English Botany, and the North American plant corresponds no less with that figure than with specimens from the Scottish Alps, which I owe to the kindness of Professor Hooker. 5. E. origanifolium ; caiile basi repente glabriusculo apice nutante, foliis subpetiolatis ovatis denticulatis superioribus acuminatis, stigtnate indiviso clavato, capsiilis pedunculatis glabris. — Lam. Encycl. Dot. v. 2. p. 376. De CaiuL Prodr. v. 3. p. 41. — E. alsioifoliuni. Fill. Ft. Dauph. V. 3. p. 511. Engl. Bot. t 2000. Had. Alpine woods, sides of rivulets, and shady elevated spots on the Rocky Mountains, from lat. 52° to .56°. Dnwimontl. Unalaschka. CAamisso. — In habit, especially the small specimens, more nearly allied to E. alpinum than to E. inimtanum. This is, in North America as well as in Eiut)pe, a very variable plant ; it is found in the former country from about five' inches to upwards of a foot and more in height, with red and with white flowers, the last often half as large again as in the common form. 6. E. glandulosum, (Lehm.); caule simplici basi repente angulato glabro, foliis sessilibus ovato-lanceolatis siibdecurrentibus acutis glanduloso-denticulatis, floribus erectis, stigmate clavato, capsulis sessilibus angulis tenuissinie pubescentibus. CauUs basi repens, dcin erectus, simplex, subpedalis, angulatiis, multiflorus. Folia inferiora ovato-lanceolata, oppositn, rcpando-subdenticulata, reliqua alterna, sparso, glanduloso.denticulata,yfura/ia basi subcordata, omnia spssilia, dt'currentio, glabra, acuta, sub lente pellucido-punctata. Calycis foliola lanceolata, acuta, integerrima, subpilosa, colorata. Pelala oboordata, nervosa, alba, calycibus longiora. Stamina brevia, erecta. Stiffmu t'lavatum. Capsula (Junior) sessilis, angulis tenuissime pilosis, pilis glanduliferis. Hab. Cumberhkud-IIousc Fort, on the Saskatchawan. Drummond. — This plant, as to specific character, is almost intermediate between E. oritjauifolium and E. tetrayonum, approaching the first more in habit, !)Ut distinct by its sp.s.siie decurrent leaves and sessile capsules. This sessile capsule, which appears, moreover, only somewhiit hairy at the angles, the leaves more toothed tlian serrated, and the simple stem, readily distinguish it from E. tetragonum. — [I possess, from the North-West coast of America, gathered by Mr. Douglas and Dr. iScouler, what I consider to be an unbranched .ariety of E. tetragonum ; but which yet I am unable to distinguish from E. glaniluhsiim. H.] 7. Fj. tetragonum ; caule tetragono erecto ramoso, foliis oblongo-lancedatis serrulatis de- currentibus, floribus erectis, stigmate clavato, capsulis breviter pedicellatis puberulis. — LtTtn. Sp. PL V. 1. p. 193. /7. Dan. t. 1029. Engl. Bot. t. 1948. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 259. Dt Cnnd. Prodr. v. 3. p. \S. llAn. Canada, throughout tlie plains to lat. 64°, and to the valleys of the Rocky Mountains, frequent North-West coast, near the sea. Douijlas, Dr. Scouler. — A very ', variable plant, with almost simple, or with much l)raiichcd, totally glabrous or pubescent stems, of which the angular sides appear often more and often \em rounded, and even entirely disappearing, on very vigorous specimens, at the base. Uf the leaves some- times only the two pair beneath are opposite, ai>d again, sometimes all the leaves upwards to the head of the stem, are so. 8. E. coloratvin ; ladice annua, caule tereti puberulo, foliis lanccolatis acutis serrulatis Epilobium.] ONAORARL£. 207 subpetiolatis parce pilosis pellucido-lineolatis, floribus erectis, stigmate clavato, capsulis pedicellatis glabriusculis. Muhl. — Willd. Enum. Hort, Berol. p. 411. Pursh, Fl. Am, v. I. p. 260. Torny, Fl.ofUn. St. v. 1. p. 392. Variat caule Bimplioissimo et ramoao, foliis serrulatis et magig denticulatis. Folia colorata, venosa, sub lente pellucido-lineobta, lineis punctis rotundig pellncidis intermixtia. Had. Plains of the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardgon, Drummond, — [Dr. Torrey observes how very closely this is allied to E, tetragotmm. H.] 9. E. minutum ; radice annua, caule suberecto tereti puberulo ramoso, foliLs alternis ellip- tico-lanceolatis obtusis subintegerrimis pellucido-punctatis, floribus cernuis minutis, stigmate clavato, capsulis breviter pedicellatis arcuato-reflexis glabriusculis. — Lindl. in lift, — E. collinum. Douglas, MSS, in Herb. Hort. Soc. Lond. (non Flor. Friburg.) Radix annua, fibrosa. Caulis erectus vel ascendens, vario modo flexus, teres, pubenilus, saepissime ru- mosissimus : ramia patentibus, junioribus conescentibus. Folia petiolata, cUiptico-lanceolata, obtusa, integ^er- rima vel leviter repanda: pills sparsis versus marginem crebrioribus, venoso-nervosa, nervo medio pallido ad apicem fere evanescente, sub lente pellucido-punctata. Flores cemui. Calycis fuliola lanceolata, acuta. Petaln obcordato, pallide rosea, venosa. Stamina inaequalia. Stigma clavatiun longitudine staminum. Ger- men breviter pcdicellatum subcanescens. Capsula glabriuscula (brevior quam in reliquis Epilobiis) arcuato- flexa. Hab. North-West coast of America. Memies. Fort Vancouver. Dr. Scouler. Near the Grand Rapids of the Columbia, and on moist rocks near springs, on the high mountains. Douglas. — In the spring of 1829, we received seed of this species from England, under the name of E. minutum, Lindl. 10. E.palttstre; caule tereti ramoso subhirsuto, foliis sessilibus lanceolatis subdenticulatis oppositis olternisque glabris, stigmate indiviso, fructu pubescente. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 495. Engl. Bot. t. 346. Pursh, Fl. Am. v.\. p. 260. De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 43.— ^. albiflora ; caule tereti simplici glabriusculo, foliis sessilibus linearibus subdenticulatis, floribus cernuis, stigmate indiviso, capsulis pedicellatis elongatis canescendbus. — E. palustre, var. albescens. Wahl. Fl. Suec. v. 1. p. 234. Rich, in Frankl. 1st Joum. ed. 2. App, p. 12, (E. palustre.) Cham, in Linncea, v. 2. p. 554. — E. lineare. Muhl. — E. squamatum. Nutt. ? — De Cand. Prodr. V. 3. p. 43 ? — E. rosnuu-inifolium. Pursh ? Torrey ? Hah. et. Labrador. Dr. Morrison. /3. Tliroughout Canada, and as far north as lat. 64°, and among the Prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Dr. Richardson, Dnimmond. — Amongst several plants sent by Mr. Dnun- mond, only the var. /3. was found, distinguished from the primary form by its much smaller, almost white flowers and simple stem, but which is also seen iu Northern Germany, in turfy soil, with all the intermediate transitions. E. davuricum, Fisch. (De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. -t^,) appertains to this variety. — The var. /3. corresponds with the E. palustre of Dr. Richardson, and is sometimes branched, when it is identical with the E. lineare of Muhl. Cat. and of Bigelow, which De CandoUe refers to E. squamatum, Nutt. 11. E. tenellum ; caule flliformi simplici superne pubescente, foliis oppositis sessilibus linearibus elongatis subintegerrimis pellucido-lineolatis glabris margine tenuissime ciliatis, floribus erectis, stigmate indiviso, capsulis pedicellatis gracilibus canescentibus. Bafiii. — Desv. Jourii. Bot. 1814. p. 271. De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 43. Affinis E. paliisfri ; dift'ert caule stricto clatiore tenniore, foUis integerrimis interdum repando-denticu- latis multo longioribus (2-3 poll, long., 2 tin. lat.) pellucido-liueatis, capsulis gracilibus longe peilicellatis. M^^i 808 ONAGRARI^. Oaura. Hab. ? [I have not been able to ascertain what specimens in the Collection correspond to this species ; the name having been by some accident omitted by Dr. Lebmann in the list which answered to our numbers of reference. H.] 12. E, oliganthum; pusilluin, caulibus simplicissimis apice subunifloris, foliis oppositis linearibus integerrimis. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 223. De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 43. Hab. Hudson's Bay, near Lake Mistissiny. Michaux, — Dr. Torrey is disposed to refer this to the E. squamatum of Nuttall, the latter author to E. alpinum, which seems the more probable since Michaux remarks that he has seen the same species from the Pyrenees. 13. E. luteum ; caule tetragoiio pilosiusculo, foliis oppositis serrulatis, pediinculis axil- laribus alternis elongatis, calycis lobis angustis longitudine petalorum, stylo exserto, stigniate crasso 4-lobo. DC. — Pursh, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 259. JJe Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 44. Cham, in Linticea, v. 2. p. 553. Hab. North-West coast of America. Pallas, (in Pttrsh.) Grassy pUices in the vallics of Unalaschka. Chamisso.— With this I am unacquainted, but it is described as differing from all the Genus in the yellow colour of its flowers, which are said to be as large as those of E. angustifoUum. 2. GAURA. Linn. Calyx tubulosus 4-partitus decidims. Corolla 4-petala. Stamina 8. Nux sub 4-gona l-4-spernia. Semiiia nuda. 1. G parvijlora ; caule herbaceo erecto piloso, foliis oblongis acuminatis remote denticu- iatis niargiiie ciliatis junioribus subvelutiiiis, spicis elongatis, floribus minutis confertis, fructibus tlistantibus tetragonis basi apiceque attenuatis glabriusculis. — Douglas, MSS. Cautis herbnceus, erectus, 1-l^pcdalig, angulatus, simplex, supemc ramosus, pubescens, pills copiosis patentissimis mollibns intermixtis. Folin sossilia, sparsa, oblonga, acumiiuita, remote denticulata, 2 poll. longa, niargine et ad (?ostara pilis longis ciliata, ])arallole nervosa, juniora utriuquc velutina, adulta glabriuscula. SpicfE terminales, elongata'. Uac/iis infeme velutina, versus apicem sensim magis glabrescens. Flares con- ferti, minuti, bracteati. Bractece subulata>, pilosro, caducro. Calyvis tubus pubescens, genuine brevior, cylindricus, apice iiicnissatus, laiiiiia- liiicari's glabriusculic. Petala laciniis calycinis breviora, lineari- spathulatji, unguiculata. Sliijina 4-lobuni. Germen subliueare tetragonum, basi apiceque attenuatum, gla- briusculum, Haii. Sandy bunks of tin- Wallawallali River, North-West coast of America. Douglas. 2. G. corrinea ; caulibus lierbaceis decuuil)entibus, foliis lineari-lanceolatis repando-deu- ticulatis cauescentibus junioribus integerrimis, spicis laxis floribus alternis, bracteis linearibus persisteutibus, fructibus ellipticis basi teretibus apice tetnigonis cauescentibus. — Fraser, Cat. 1813. Pursh, Fl. Am. i: 2. />. 733. Spreng. Sgst. IVyet. v. 2. p. 234. De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 1-5. Planla tota cinereiwancscpiis. Polia cauliiia repandtMlenticulata, ramulorum integerrima. Flares non ravoiiiosi ut in De Cand. Pmilr. ct .Sjireiir/. Sj/.sf. Vcget. sed revera spicati iu liac et in onmibus speciebus quiLs cxiiiiiiiiavi, ill protiibcraiitibus nichidis sessiles. Prottiberaiitiai bractea terminate. Petala coccinea, obovata, ba»i cuueata, uuguiciilata, iiitegerrinta, veiiosa. Stigma quadrilobum. Hah. Plains of the Saiskatcliawan anil Red Rivers. Dnimiiumd, Douglas. — [I possess an original speci- men of tills from Mr. Bradbury, gatliored about Fort Mandan. H.] 3. G. maredalis, glaber, pallido virens, superne ramosus; ramis patenti- bus. Folia Uneari-lanceolata, acuminata, plerumquc remote serrata, rarius iutegerrima aut (e cl, Lindl. I. c.) pinnatifida. Flores in superioriun foliorum axiUis sessiles, uocte odoratissimi. Calycis tubus coloratus, biciniis et petalis subaequalibus. Petala alba ungue flavo mox rubescentia, retiisa, crenulata, stamina super- antia, pistillum lequantia. Stamina lequalia. Stigma lutco-virens. Capsula cylindrica, currata, contorta. Haii. Common over all the dry sandy soil to the west of the Rocky Mountains. Douglas. §. 2. — Calycis tubus abbreviatus itifundibuliformis s. obconicus, laciniis et petalis brevier. Stigmatis laciniai lineares, oblonga. a. Floribus luteis, antlieris adnatis. 4. (E. leucocarpa ; caule ramoso, foliis rigidis serrulatis inl'erioribus spathidato-lanceolatis superioribus lanceolatis junioribus subsericeis, petalis lu3viier eniarginatis apice crenulatis calycis tubum ditnidio genitalia duplo superantibus, capsulis cylindricis incano-sericeis. — Comien. MSS. Plantu spithomffiu, habitu foliis floribusque Helianthemum simulans, ])artibus Juniurilius subsericeis. Caulis basi ramosus, ramis adscendentibus simpUcil)us vcl nunosis. Folia rigida, glubriuscula, inferiora spathu- lato-lanccolata, superiora lauccolata, omnia serrulatu, busi attvnuata, obtusii aut acuta, plerumciue mucronulata. Calycis tubus infundiliullforrais, laciiiias paullo supernuN. Pctiila lato obovata, Imvifcr cmargiuata, apice crenulata, calycis tubum diraidio, gonitulia longiom fere duplo, sup(>nuitia. Stamina iiisequalia, quatiior petalis opposita ceteris breviora. Antherm oblunga-, adnatic. Stigma quadrilobum, luteum, lobis ovatis. Capnula cylindrica, albido-sericea, truncatji. HAn. Dry banks of the Saskatchawan. Drummond. Common upon limestone rocks on the Red and Assinaboyne Rivers. Douglas. tEnothera.] ONAORARIiE. 911 /3. Floribus albis s. purpureia, antherig innatis. 5. (E. viminea; caule erecto ramoso foliisque lanccolutis subintegerrimis glaucis glabris, calycis tiibo lacinias aequante, petalis integris dcnticulatis genitalia duplo superantibus, stigniatibiis purpureis, capsulis cylindricis apice attenuatis sulcatis pubescentibus. — Douglas, MSS. apud Herb. Hort. Soc. Lond. Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 2873. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1220. Caulia orectus, 2-3 podalis, glaber, pallido virens, romosus, ramis lon^s tenuibua. Folia lanceolata, Hub- iiite^:i>rrima, glauco, glabra, inferiora in petioliun brovissimum attenuata. Flores in superioram foliorum axillis sessiles. Cali/cis tubus infundibuliformis, laciniis aequallH. Pelala lilacina, (7-8 lineas longa,) cune- ato-rotundata, Integra, margino supcriore denticulata, calycis tubum lacinias et genitalia duplo superantia. Stamina intequalia, quatuor petalis opposita ceteris breviora. Filammta plana linearia : antherai lanceolata> apico curvatee. Pistillum stamina lougiora sublongior. Stigmalis laciniie intense purpurea?, patentes, ob- longie. Capsula cylindrica, apico attenuata, truncata, 8-8ulcata, glauco-pubescens. Had. Near the River Aguilar, in North California, bt. ^'6°, north, in dry Prairies. Douglas. 6. ffi. Lindkyii; caule adscendente diffuse ramoso, foliis lineari-lanceolatLs integerriiuis glabris, calycis tube laciniis triplo breviore, petalis integris denticulatis genitalia duplo superantibus, stigmatibus luteis, capsulis cylindricis elongatis utrinque attenuatis puberulis. —Douglas, MSS. in Bot. Mag. t. 2832. Caulis pedolis bipedalisque adscendens, diffusus, ramosus, glabcr, ramis numerosis, flcxilibus, patentibus, juuioribus puberulis. Folia lineari-lauceolata, basi attenuata, iiitegerrima, glabra. Flores in axillis foliorum supcrionim sessiles. Calycis tubus infundibiiliformis, laciniis triplo brevior. Petala lilucina macula pur- jiurea notata, ungue ilavo, (7-8 lineas looga,) late obovata, Integra, morgine superioru denticulata, calycis lacinias tertia parte, genitalia duplo mogis, superantia. Stamina iniequalia, quatuor petalis opposita ceteris breviora. Filamenta plana linearia: antheris lanceolatis apice curvatis. Sligiiui quadrittdum luteum, laciniis ellipticis. Capsula cylindrica, elongato, utrinque attenuata, puberula. — Ons. Dcscriptio caulis « plantis cidtis desumta est, in speciminibus spontaniis caulis vidctur erectus strictus. In icone operis landati Bot. Mag., genitalia sunt duplo longiora, quam in speciminibus spontaniis et cnltis. Miro crrore in eodem libro descriptione hujus et piseccdentis specici character Epilobii generis (" semina coraosa," etc.) pro (Eno- thercB charactere iusertus est. Hab. North-West coast of America, about Fort Vancouver, and at the Multnomak River. Douylas. 7. (E. decumltens; caule adscendente, foliis glaucis integeiTimis pubescentibus inferioribus late ovatis superioribus ovato-lanceolatis, petalis emurginatis crenulatis, stiginatis purpurei laciniis reflexis, capsulis obtuse tetrogonis a basi inde attenuatis villosis. — Douglas, MSS. in Bot. Mag. t. 2889. Bot. Reg. t. 1221. Caulis 1-2 pedalis adscendens, pallide viridis, pilosus, ramosus; ramis diffusis. Folia glauca, integerrima, )>ube8CL>ntia, inferiora late ovata, obtusa, in petiolum brevissimum attenuata, siiperiora sessilia, limceolata aut ovato-lanceolata, acuta. Calycis tubus infundibiiliformiM laciniis duplo brevior. Petala lilucina (3-4 lineas longa) obcordttta, margine crcuulata, cjycis btciniis duplo, genitalia longiora duplo raagis, superantia. Stam- ina iniequalia: antherm obloiiga? apice ciu-vata?. Stylus stamina longiora lequana. Stigma crassum pui-- purenm, laciniis redexis appressis. Capsula obscnrc-tetnigoiui, a basi crassiore ad apiccm usque attenuata, villo!ia. — Ab omnibus speciebus atfinibus stigmatiK forma ditl'crt. Haii. Dry mountain vallies in North California. Douglas. 8. (E. purpurea; glaucescens, foliis lanceolatis utrinque attenuatis obtusiusculis, tubo calycis brevi, petalis late obovatis crenulatis purpureis, genitalibus exsertis corolla* inulto 2 D 2 212 ONAORARI^ [(Enother(u brevioribus, stigmatibus crnssis brevibus atro-purpureis, antheris flavis, capsulis ovuto-tri- quetris sessilibus angulutis pilosis, sciniiiibiis irregiiliiritcr lente piinctuto rugosis. DC. — Curt. Bot. Matj. t. 352. De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 49. Hab, North-West coast of America. Memies. 9. (E. Bomanzovii; subsericeo-glaucescens, cnule infeme tleciimbens, foliis lanceolato- oblongis inucronulatis in pctiolum attenuatis, tubo ciilycis brevissimo, linilx) corolla; iluplo breviore, pcbilis late obovatis crenulatis violaceis, staminibus corolla multo brevioribus, an- tlieris viridibus, stigmatibus fere sessilibus inclusis atro-purpureis, capsulis oblongo-cyliii- ilricis subtetragonis pilosis, seniinibus lente subcubicis squamulosis canis subsessilibus. DC. —Ledeb. MSS. Hornem. Hort. Hqfn. v. \.p. 133. Don, in Bot. Beg. t. 562. Had. North-West coast of Aiiieriua. Chamisso. — I possess no native specimens of this or the preceding species >>f (Enothera; but, Judging from the figures above quoted, they appear very distinct in the leaves, in the flowers, and especially in the fruit. Mr. Don (see Bot. Mag. t. 'i^!^) seems disposed to refer the (E. Romanzovii, which he had previously described in the Bot. lieg., to the Chilian (E. tenella, a totally different plant: while Mr. Lindley (Hort Soc. Trans, v. 0. p. Ot.) is inclined to consider the pUint figured in the Bot. Reg. the same as the (E, purpurea, and the (E. Romanzovii of Ilomemann the same as (E. tenella. Hor- nemaun himself says of it " admodum affinis (E. purpurea." Sect. II. (Enothehium. DC. — StiginacrmiatumprofundeA^-fidum. Calycis tubus cylin- dricits apice dilatatus. Capsulce obovata, clavata, angulatce, costis altrenis promincnttbus. (Floribus luteis.) 10. (E. friUicosa ; caule erecto (purpureo-fusco) foliisque lanceolatis denticulatis pilosis V. glabris, racemis spicatis basi nudiusculis, petalis lato-obcortlatis staminibus dupio lon- gioribus, capsulis clavatis pilosis 8-angularibus, angulis 4 alatis. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 492. Bot. Mag. t. 332. Elliott, Carol, v. V. p. 442. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 262. De Cand. Prodr. V. 3. p. 50. — (E. Canadensis, doldie, PI. of Canada, in E. Phil. Journ. 1821. p. 1. De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 52. Hab. Island of Montreal. Mr. Goldie. — In habit allied to Qi, pumilti, but lai^er, more rigid, though not really fruticose, with flowers an inch and a half or two inches in diameter. 11. ffi. pumila; caule subsimplice lierbaceo adscendentc pilosiusculo, foliis lanceolatis integerrimis obtusis subciliatis, floribus subspicatis brevlter pedicellatis, petalis obcordatis genitalia pauUo superantibus, capsulis clavatis 8-angularibus, angulis 4 alatis. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 493. Bot. Mag. t. 335. Pursh, Fl. Am. r. 1. p. 262. Elliott, Carol, v. I. p. 444. Bigel. Fl. Bost. cd. 2. p. 148. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. r. 1. p. 390. De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 51. — CE. clirysantha. Mich. Am. r. I. p. 225. (ex descr.) — 13, minima; (E. pusilla. Mich. Am. V. ]. p. 225. (ex descr.) Hah. Throughout ('anada. Michunx, Mr. Goldie, Lady Dalhvusie, Soskatchawan ? Dr. Richardson, Drummoml. — This plant is annual, and varies in size from tliree or four inches, and having, while young, several spreading root-leaves, to the height of a foot or a foot and a half, and furnished only with stem-leaves. 12. (E. riparia; caule erecto foliisque lanceolatis denticulatis subglabris, floribus sub- spicatis breviter pedicellatis, petalis eraarginatis genitalia pauUo superantibus, capsulis cla- tEnothera.] ONAORARIiE. 213 vatis 8-sulcatis costis oltcrnis mogis prominentibus. — NuU. Gen. v, I, p. 247. De Cand. Prodr. V. 3. p. 52. Caulis erectus, pedalis, sesquipedaliH, glabriu«culu8, Hubramogiui. Folia lanceolata, basi in petiolum br«* TUgimum attenuate, denticulata, §ubglabra, u\feriora obtusiiucula, superiora acuta, Jtoraliu linearia. Flores parvi, ovario basi attenuate breviter pedunculati, iiubspicati. Cali/cia tubus tenuis, lacinias duplo fere super- ana. Petala parva, vix 2 lineas longa, emai^nate, genitalia paullo suporantia. Stamina pistillum nquantia. AnthercB lineures. Capsula clavata, basi in pedunculum brevem attenuate, octo-sulcata, costis altemis magis prominentibus, subalata. Hab. Plains of the Saskatohawan. Dr. Richardson, Drummmd. — May not this be referred to the €E. pumila of Linn,? The leaves are very slightly toothed indeed. — [H.] Sect. III. SphjErostigma. Ser. — Stigma capitatum integrum aut laviter quadrilobum. Calycis tubus ir\fundibul\formis s. obconictts. Capsula prismatico-cylindrica. 13. (E. qut'drivulnera; caule odscendente subramoso debili foliisque lineari-lanceolatis subdenticulatis puberulis, petalis integris niargine crenulatis, capsulis tetragonis apice at- tenuatis villosis. — Douglas, in Bot. Reg, t. 1119. Caulis 1-2 pedalis, suberectus, debilis, ramosus : ramis elongatis, junioribus pubescentibus. Folia glabri- uscula denticulate uut integerrima, inferiora lineari-lanceolate, obtusiuscula, in petiolum brevissimum atten- uate, superiora sessilia, linearia, acuta. Calycis tubus infundibuliformis brevissimus, laciniis duplo aut triplo magis brevior. Petala lilacina macula intensioro iiotete, 2-3 lineaa longa, obovata, Integra, margino crenu- lata, calycis lacinias dimidio, genitalia longiora duplo, superantia. Stamina iniequalia. Antherce oblongw innatie. Stigma globosum, integerrimum. Capsula tetragona, apice valde attcniiata, villoso. Had. Banks of streams, as well as in the open elevated country, west of the Rocky Mountains. Douglas, Scouler. 14. (E, Boothii ; caule ramoso, foliis ovatis dentatis superne glabris subtus hirtis inferi- oribus petiolatis, floribus secundis subspicatis, petalis parvis obovatis integris stamina eequan- tibus, stylo longe exserto, capsulis cylindricis sulcatis tortis. — Douglas, MSS. Caulis spithanueus ramosus, junior pubescens. Folia ovata, denteta, superne glabra, subtus hirta, inferi- ora petiolate, superiora sessilia. Flores secundi subspicati odorati (Dougl.) Ccdyx — P Petala alba (Dougl.) 1-1 If lineam longa, obovata, Integra, Hteminatequantia. Stamina? Antherm? iSt^/u« petala longe superans. Stigma capitetum. Capsul/e cylindricie, sulcatie, curvatw, contortie, pubescentos. Had. On low exposed gravelly hills, near the branches of Lewis and Clarke's River, lat. 46° north. Douglas. — This curious species was named by Mr. Douglas in compliment to Mr. M. B. Booth. 15. (E. pygmaa; caule adscendente ramoso, foliis inferioribus petiolatis rhomboideis superioribus sessilibus lanceolatis omnibus dentatis pubescentibus, capsulis subsecundis cylindricis apice attenuatis torulosis. — Douglas, MSS. Plante digitalis, habitu plane cum prsecedento conveniens. HAn. Barren sands of the interior of North-West America, near the Utello River. Douglas, 16. (E, spiralis ; caule subsimplice decumbente incano, foliis lanceolatis obtusis integer- rimis strigoso-pilosis incanis inferne attenuatis, spicis foliosis, petalis stiimina duplo super- antibus, capsulis acute tetragonis acuminatis incanis subspiraliter tortis. {H,) Hab. North-West coast of America. Menzies. — Allied to flJ. Boothii, but larger in all its parts, and very easily distinguished by its entire hoary leaves, and the acutely four-sided capsules, which are almost spirally twisted. — [H.] VSii ,&;u !;j>"S;™ 814 ONAORARI^ [Imardia, 17. (E. viridesceua ; dense incono-tomentoso, cuule erecto simplice, foliis ovatis acutis sessilibus grosse dentatis, spicis fuliosis, petulis (siccitatc atro-viridibus) stamina duplo super- untibus, capsulis acute tetrugonis subhirsutis tortis. {H,) Hau. North -Weit cooiit of America. Menziet, — I posxpn only one ipecimen of thii Dpecies, and that not in a very f|:ood statp, but auffleicnt to show that, thougfh naturally allied to (E. Boolhii, contorta, and npiralis, it ii neTertholem abundantly distinct. — [H.] 18. (E. contorta; cuule dcbili ranioso ibliisque linearil)us integerrimis glabris, floribus mininiis, capsulis cylindricis coiitorto-curvutis elongutis torulosis. — Douglas, MSS. Pltmla diiifitalis, habitu Epilobio simillima. Caulis debilin, baai ramoiuii, glaber. Folia linearia, inte. gerrima, glabra. Flares numerogi, minimi. Calyx infuudibuliformi§, tubo lacinias tMiuante. Petula vix lineam longa calycis tubum (sqiuintia. Oenilalia — P Capaulai cylindricto, elongatn, poUicares ct ultra, toruloaa', contorto-curvatw, Epilobii capsulis simillima. Semina ovata, angulata. ' Har. 8andy barren soil, on tho intt^rior banks of the Columbia River. Doui/ZtM.— Although the stamens and pistils in our specimens of (E. contorta and (E. pyymaa, are too imperfect to allow of uur determining exactly their form, yet the habit of these phints convinces us that they should be ranged in this section. 4. CLARKIA. Pursh. Calyx tubulosus, quadripurtitus. Petala 4 unguiculato, cruciato, triloba, arativatione convolutu. Stamina 8, alterna stcrilia. Stigma quadrilobuin, lobis petaloideis. CapsiUa cylindricu, sulcata, 4-Iocularis, 4-valvis. Semina adscendentia nuda. 1. C. pukhella; petulis profunde trilobis. — Pitrsh, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 260. All. Lindl. in But. Jirg. t. 1100. J)e Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 52. Bot. Mag. t. 2918.— /3. petulis minus pro- t'undo lobutis magis denticulatis. Hook, in Bot. Mag. I. c. Hau. On the banks of the Kooskoosky and Clarke's Rivers, North-West America. Lewis. From tho (ireat FoIIn of the Columbia to the Rocky Mountains: sometimes with white flowers. Douglas. 2. C. rhomboidea ; })etalis integris rhomboideis. — Douglas, MSS. apud Herb. Hort. Soc. Ijmd. Cdulis simplex, teres, gracilis, glaber, subpedalis. Folia lanceolata, integerrima, glabra. Calycis tubus brevis. Petala Integra, rhumboidea, calyccm longitudine lequantia, purpureo-rosea. Filamenta sterilia 2, 3, 't' (plcnimque 4) basi barbata. Antherte liiieares. Stiijtna 4-lobum, petaloideum, purpivcum. Capsula cylindrica, sulcata, subsessilis, axillaris. Douylus. Had. In the same places with tho preceding. Douglas. ' Trih. DC. II. Jussiea:. 5. ISNARDIA. Calyris tvbits ovatus nut subcylindraceus brevis ovario ndhaErens; limbus 4i-partitus. Petala nunc culyce nlterna, intcrdum rudimenturia, nunc nulla. Stam. 4 ante lobos calycinos. Stylus a basi filiformis deciduus ; stigma capitutum. Capsula obovatu aut fere cylindracea tetrugona 4-vulvis 4-locul. jK)lysperma, loculicido deliiscens. — Herbae aquaticcB nut paludostB. Folia integra alterna aut opposita. Flores axillares sessiles. DC. 1. /. alternifolia; caule erecto ramoso glabriusculo, foliis alternis lanceolatis subtus et margine subscubriusculis, capsulis obovuto-globosis alato-tetragonis, lobis calycinis magiiis Proierpinaca,] IIALORAOEiC. 215 coloratis, petalis calyce paulo longioribus. De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 60. — Ludwigia alterni- folia. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 173. Bigel. Fl. Host, ed, 2. p. flO. — L. mncrocnrpn. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 89. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 110. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 217. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. V. \.p. 180. IIaii. ('anads. Mr. Ooldie, (in Herb, nostr.) 2. I. pabtstria ; cnule procumbentc nulicante glabra, foliis oppositis in petiolum attcnuatis ovutis acutis, floribus axillaribus solitariis scssilibus npetnlis. DC. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 176. Hook, in Engl. Bot. Suppl. t. 2593. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v.\. p. 182. Bigel. Fl. Boat, ed. 2. />. 61. De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 61. — Ludwigia nitidn. Mich. Am. v.\. p. 87. Purah, Fl. Am. v.l.p. 111.— L. apetalu. IValt. Carol. Haii. Canada, (Purah,) and as for north as the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson, Dntmmond. Triu. III. Cikcaiea:. DC. 6. CIRCjEA. Calyx brevis, limbo bipartito. Petala 2 obcordnta. Stamina 2 petalis alterna. Stigma emarginatum. Capaula ovata pilis uncinntis liispida 2-locul. 2-valv. 2-spenna. Semina in loculis solitaria erecta. — Herbse. Folia oppoaita petiolaia. Flores in racemoa apicatoa ter- minalea et lateralea diapoaiti, pedicellati, alterni, albi. DC. 1. C. Lutetiana; caule erecto pubescente, foliis ovatis acuniinatis deiitatis opacis petiolo longioiibus.— I,i«w. Sp. PI. p. 12. Engl. Bot. t. 1026. Dc Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 63. Bigel. F7. Boat. ed. 2. p. 8. — /3. Canadenaia; caule glabra. Linn. — Mich. Am. v. I. p. 17. Purah, Fl. Am. V. 1. p. 21. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 7. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 29. Hau. /3. Canada. Linn. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. About Montreal. Mr. Cleijhom. 2. C. alpina; caule adscendente glaliriusculo, foliis cordatis dentatis nitidis petioloruni longitudine. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 12. Engl. Bot. t. 1057. Mich. Am. v. 1. ji. 17. Pnrah, Fl. Am. V. \.p.2\. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 30. De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 63. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 11. Hah. Canada. Michaux. From Lake Huron {Douglas, Dr. Todd) to the Saskatchawan. Dr. Rich- ardson, Dntmmond, Uocky MouutaiuH, uear the sources of the Columbia. Drummond. Shady woods on the North -West coast of America. Douglas. OuD. XXXI. HALORAGE7E. Br. Trib. I. Cercodiana;. Juaa. — HyoROBiEiE. Rich. 1. PROSERPINACA. Linn. Calycis tuhna ovario triquetra adlitcrens, linibus 3-pnrtitus. Petala 0. Stam. 3. Stig- mata 3 ad apieem ovarii sessilia. Carpella 3 in fructuni trigonum concreta sicca indehis- centia 1-spcrma. Semen ex apice loculi pendulum. Albumen caniosum sen endopleura tumida. Embryo rectus, teres, radicula longa supera, cotyledonibus brevibus. — Hcrbu' aquaticm Boreali- Americans glabra, radicibua repentibus, foliis oppositis, floribua axillari- bus glomeratis aeasilibus interdum ^-Jidis \-andris. DC. 1. JP. paluatria; foliis lineari-lanceolatis serratis iniimis saepe pinnatifidis, nucis angulis 816 HAL0RA6EA [CaUilriehe. acutii. DC— Linn, in "Act. Up». 1741. p. 81." Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 76. Pumh, Fl. Am. V. 1. p. 98. /> Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 67. EUiott, Carol, v. I. p. 81. Bigel. Fl. Boot. «/. 8. p. 48. Hah. Cuiada. Purth, 8. MYRIOPHYLLUM. Faitf. FJorea moiioici nut rarius )iermapliriMliti. j . Calyx 4-partitU8. Petala 4 lubis cal. nl- ternn vukle cnducu ovatu. Stam. 4, 6 aut stepius 8. $ . Cfdyx ovurio adliffireos, linibu 4- lobo. Petala 0. Carpella 4 subciincreta conipressa aut subglobosu nucumentuceii iiulehis- centia l-xpemiu. Semina in liKulis soliturin peiulula, ulbumine nullo, enibryone tcretiusculo tnverso, cotyle(loiiil)us obtusis, roiiiculii longu. — HerI>8B aquaticas natantes, apicihus ad anthenin emersis. Folia oppoaita aut verticillata, Flores parvi ad axillaa verticillati, aut foliia JloralihuH aubabortivia verticillato-apicati, super, maaculi, it\fer. faminei. DC. 1. M. apicatum ; foliis vcrticiilatis piiiimtipartitis, lobis cupilluceis, spica terminuli nutli- usculu, foliis florulibus flore (S-andro) brevioribus, infnnis subserratis plerisque integerriniis. DC— Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1409. EmjI. Bot. t. 83. Mich. Am. r. 2. p. 190. Purah. Fl. AnC v. 1. p. 274. Bich. in Franhl. \at. Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 36. Bi(jel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 346. De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 68. Hah. In poolii and Rtill wateri, Canada. JUichaux; a§ far north as the Bear Lake. Or, Richardson, Drummond. 2. M. rerticillatum ; foliis verticillntis pinnntipartiti.s, lobis cnpillaceis oppositis, spicu termi- iiali foliosa, foliis floralibus omnibus pinnatipartitis florcs (8-andros) multo supcrnntibus et u foliis vix distinctis. DC— Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1410. Engl. Bot. t. 218. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 190. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 1. />. 271. FJlioH, Carol, v. 2. p. 588. De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 68. Hah. Stafpiant waters, Canada. Michaux. 3. M, teiiellum ; cnule simplice subapbyllo has'i radicante erecto, foliis squanKcformibus nl- temis intcgris, sunnnis in axilla florifcris, spicu terminuli interrupta alternifloru. DC. — Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 346. De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. /;. 69.— M. nudum. Lapylaie, MSS. {DC.) — Hylas uphyllus. Bigel. MSS. in ILrb. Boott, apud. nostr. Hah. In watery places, Newfoundland. Lapylaie, in De Cand. Prodr. — Of tliia I have seen no ■peeimrn from the British PosHessions of North America; but it has been found by M. de Lapylaie in Newfoundland, and in the Northern United States appear* to be not unfrequent. I possess excellent speci- mens from Mr. Nuttall, Dr. Torrey, and especially from Dr. Boott, and I purpose to illustrate this interestini; plant and its nllinity M. procumbens, Bigel. Fl. {Hylas pinnatui, ejusd. MSS. in Herb. Boott,) by figures in the Botiuiical Miscellany. Trim. II. Callitrichine*. Link, DC. 3. CALLITRICHE. Linn. Florea polyf?ami, liermnphrotliti, dioici luit ssppius monoici. Bractece 2 oppositBB petal- oidcaB ad biisiii floris (j)ct«la, auct.) Ca/yx non coiispicuus, verosimiliter ovurio busi adhse- rens limln) al)ortivo. Pttala 0. i.Stam. 1. (rarius 2) filamcntis filiformibus exsertLs, antbera reniformi 1-loculari sutura transversa debiscente. ? . Ovarium bisulcum quadri- loculare, in qiiolibet loculo uniovulatuni. Styli 2 filiformes, glondulosi. Capaula compressa Hii>puru,] lIALORAOE/f-:. nn hisulcii, cnnstmiH carpclliii i concrctiH |M.>r pariii upproximiitiN, iiulrliiMcentihiiM, l-N|H'rtiiik, lenticulnri-cnniprL'sxiN. Sfmiiut cimi ciirpvllu concrt'tu, iilbiiniiru* curno!M>, ••riibrjoru' itivenc) terctiiisculo !iiil)incnn'o, nulicn i longu NU|K>m, cotylL'donibiiH bruvinNitniN. — Hcrhii' annwr aqucUica (etiera yliihra, Folliii ippontn. Flort-H in nxilliit solUarii, minimi. DC. 1. C.verna; f'oliis trinerviis sujKrne iigxregutisi niajoribiiH, friictibuN Hcrailibiis, cnrpi'llo- rum (lorso obtusiusculo. DC, — Linn. Sp. IH. p. 2. Engl, Ihd. t. 722. — /3. intermtiliti ; M'm inferioribiis liiieuribiis obtusis nut einiirgiiiittiH, !iiiperi()ril)us ovnlibus. Iloffm. — De Cand. Prodr. V. 3. p. 70. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 3.— C. vtnin. Mich. Am. v. 1. p, 2.— C. itquntica. Bigel, Fl. Bout. «/. 2. />. 2. — C- hctcropliylla. I'urs/i, Fl. Am. t: I. p. 3. Had. Lakra and poob, Canada. Michnux. SMkatchuwaii. Dr. Iticharthon, Drummond. Buy of ElchscholU, (a cteapitnio var.) Chammo. 2. C. nutumnaliH; folii.s omnibiiN uninerviis pi>r cniiluin sparsis m|ualilHi.s truncatis, iruc- tibus 8c&silil)us, carpellorum dorso ulato-menibraiiacco. DC. — Linn, Sp. I'l, p. 2. Mirh, Am, V, 1, /;. 2. Torrey, Ft, of Un. St. v. 1. /). 4.— C. linearis. Piirsh, Fl, Am, r, 1. /;. 3. — C. aquatiui, y. Ent/l, Rot, t. 722, (Jig. dextra.) Hah. Still pools, Canada) about IIiidHon'i Day, and m fur north im Dear Lake, lut. (i(i°. Dr. Richnnl- ton, Drumiiwnil. Mouth of tho Columbia. Dr. Scuuler. 3. (', tcrrestris; tbiiis omnibus approximatis brevibus oblon^is na crassiusculum trifidum. Fructus alwrtu? nioiiospermus sa?pissime spinis obsitus, semine obovato. — Pedunculi ma^culi et fbcniinei sape ex eadem axilla nascentes. DC. 1. S, angulatus; foliis cordatis angulatis denticulatis scabris lobis acuniinatis 3-5, cirrhis uml)ellatis, floribus niasculis coryniboso-capitatls pedunculo communi longo, fojiiiineis sessilibiis glonieratis apice pedunculi, fructibus ovatis spinescentibus tomentosisquc, spinis obscabris, seininibus basi truncatis apice obtusissimis. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1438. Miv/i. Am. r. 2. p. 217. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. U. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 663. Dc Cand. Prodr. r. 3. p. 309. Dill. Eltli. v. I. t. 59. Had. Caiinda. Micliaux. Banks of the Coliimbio, from its mouth to the Kettle Falls. Dr. Scmler. Dourflas. — The male inflorescence is sometimes in very elongated racemes, as in Dr. Scouler's specimens, and the flowers remote. 2. MOMOUDICA. Linn. Florcs nionoici iutci V. albi, pedunculo filiforini unibracteato (an semper ?) pe nuuicatus (an semper?) maturus elastice dissiliens. Semina compressa reticulata (an sem- per?) DC. 1. M.? nhinata; pomis tetnispermis subrotundis setoso-echinutis, foliis cordntis quinque- iolxj-angulatis ncumiuatis integerrimis scabris. Muhl. ex Jf'illd. Sp. PI. v. l. p. 605. Pursh, Fl. Am. V. 2. p. \U. Di Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 312.— Sicyos lobata. Mieh. Am. v. 2. p. 217. Haii. Plains of the Heil and Assiiutboync Rivers, and banks of the 8iuskatchawan. Douglas, Dr. Jiic/i- unison, Drwnmond. — If I am correct in reffrring this to (lie plant «f Willdenow — and it well agrees with that author's description, so far as it goes — the segments of the corolLi are remarkaldy long and attenuated, and the female (lowers of rar<> occurrence. Uf the six specimens in the Collection, possesbiug numerous racemes, from two to live or six inches long, of male flowers, only one raceme has at its bu^c (as WiUdcuow Sartonia.] LOASE^. 281 uorrectly remarks) a solitary female flower. The tube of the calyx is incorporated \nth the corolla, and the se^ents resemble slender and rath*r long bristles, set on to the corolla, and alternating with its segments. I have received the same plant from Dr. Torrey, gathered near New York, without a name. The flowers being in racemes, this plant would, I think, rank more naturally with Sici/os than with Momordica. But with the fruit I am imacquainted ; and it must be confessed that the genera of Cucurbitacem are very im- perfectly defined. OuD. XXXVI. LOASE^. Juss. 1. BAHTONIA. Nutt. et Pursh. Calycis tubus cylindraceus nrcte ovarium vestiens, sed forsan liber; limbtis S-partitus per- sistens. Petala 10 unguiculata calyce inserta. Stam. innumera (200-250) cum petalis iiiscrta, lis breviora, filamentis liberis, externis interdum sterilibus, antheris oblongis. Stylus filifurmis striis 3-7 spiralibus notatus et inde stylis 5-7 omnino connexis et spiraliter tortis constans. Capsula oblonga 1-locul. 3-7-valvis, placentis totidem seminum series 2 gerentibus. Semina compressa numerosa. — Herba; pilis barbatis rigidulis tenacibusque pubcscentes. Folia altema interrupte pinnatifida. Flores terminales solitarii ampli albi sub vesperem expansi. DC. 1. B, IcBvicaulis; petalis 5, staminibus 5 petaloldeis, bracteis nullis, caule Inevissimo, seminibus alatis. (Tab. LXIX.) — Douglas, MSS. apud Hort. Soc. Lond. Caulis hcrbaceus, annuus, erectus, 2-3-pedali8, ramosus, Itevis, albidus, subuitidus. Folia lanceolata, siuuato-pinnutifidu, scssilia; tn/en'ora keviuscula; superiora seusim minora scaberrimn. Flores tenuinalps, Mubcougesti, mogni, speciosi, " nitidi, flavi." Sractem nuUie, nisi folia suprema parva, integerrima. Calycis segmenta lanccolata-acuminata, longa, demum reflexa, extus scabra, intus glaberrima: tubo apice libero. Petala 5, erecto-patentio, 2^uncialia, lanceolata, basi apiceque acuminata. Stamina numerosa, petalis breviont : filumenta H oxteriora latiora, subpctaloidca ; reliqua filiformia, glabra. AiUherce oblonga>, bilocu- larex. Germen iufcrum, subcarapauulato-cylindroocum, asperuin, obscure o-sulcatum. Stylus longitudine staminuni, tiliformis, versus apicem obscure 3-iMeatus. Stifftna obtusuni. " Capsula scabra, glutinosa, 3-valvis. Semina niata, alba." (Douyl.) Hah. On the gravelly islands and rocky shores of the Coliunbia, near the " Great Falls ;" floweriu'; in June and July. Douglas. — This is a very beautiful addition to the American Flora, scarcely at all inferior to tlie B. ornata of Pursh and Nuttall, {B. dccapetala, Sims in Bot. Mag. t. 1487,) which Mr. Lewis and Mr. Nuttall fouud on the borders of the Missouri, and which the latter author has so well described in his valuable " Gruem of North American Hants." From it our plant differs remarkably in the absence of the large, foliaceous, vic»ulis. Fiy. 1, Lower leaf:— nah/ra/ size; Jig. 2, Stamen; _fig. 3, Outer petaloid stamen ; Jig, +, Calyx and pistil : — magnijied. 2. li. pan'i flora; potalis 5, stuniinibus 5-7 pctaloideis, bracteis mUlis, cnale scabro, seminibus alatis. — Doug/as, MSS. apud Hort. Soc. lAmd. Hah. Abundant on calcareous rocky situations and micaceous sandy banks of streams, in the interior piirts of the Columbia. Douglas. — The only specimen I have seen of this is in the Herbarium of Professor Liiidley. The flowers ure certainly somewhat smaller than in the preceding species, and the stem and iiC 9M PORTULACE^. IPorlulaca. branches are rongh : but I Bcarcely think it other than a var. From the S. nuda of Nuttall it differs in the number of its petals. The name would be more applicable to the following species. 3. B. albicaulis; petalis 5 obovatis (parvis), stominibus petaloideis nullis, bracteis nullis, caule laevissimo nitido albo. Douglas, MSS, apud Hart. Soc, Lond. — Mentzelia albicaulis. Douglas, in Herb, nostr. Annua, parva, decumbens, basi pnecipue ramis erectiusculis altemis, laavissimis, nitidis, albis. Folia remota, lanceolata, sinuata, scabra. Flares nunc in axiUis solitarii, plerumque 3-5 congest! ad apices ramo- rum, parvi, ebracteati. Calyr.is segmenta subulata, scabra, erecto-patentia, vix 3-3 tineas longa. Petala 5, lungitudine calycis, obovata, " mucronata," flava. Stamina 30 petalis subbreviora. Filamenta omnia con- formia, filiformia, libera, basi dilatata. Anthera subrotundn, biloculares : Loculi appositi, ad marginem dehiscentes. Germen infcnun, unciam longiui, cylindraceum, hispidum, uniloculare; receptaculis tribus parietalibus. Ovula uniserialia. Capsula 8esquiuncia;n longa, cylindracea, calyce coronata. Semina plurima, tetragona, albuminosa. Embryo immersus, cylindraceus, curratus ; radicula ad hiium yersa. Hab. On arid sandy plains of the river Columbia, under the shade of Purshia tridentata. Douglasj— Mr. Douglas seemed to be doubtful whether this new plant should be referred to Bartonia or Mentzelia. It partakes, indeed, in some characters of the one, and some of the other. Mr. Nuttall, who has perhaps alone of any living Botanist had the opportunity of examining both Bartonia and Mentzelia in a recent state, and who may be considered to have established the former genus, says that " nothing essential Separates Bartonia from Mentzelia, except the augmentation of petals, and the structure of the capsules and seeds." In regard to the augmentation of petals, Mr. Nuttall himself observes that in Bartonia their number varies from ten to fifteen. We have shown in the two preceding species, that it is reduced to live, but with five petaloid stamens, or imperfect petals. In the present plant, the petaloid stamens are wanting ; and the number of petals exactly accords with Mentzelia. Again, in Bartonia, the seeds ought to be, according to "Nuttall, " numerous, arranged horizontally in a double teriea;" in Mentzelia, the " seeds are ;i-6, longitudinally arranged." In our plant, the seeds are numerous (25-40, DougL), placed in a single series, — For a knowledge of the structure of the flowers and seeds of this plant, I am indebted to a beautiful drawing which accompanied the specimen lent to me by Professor Lindley, and made by that admirable Botanist. • ^ ■ ■ v . ... -^ : '.:•,■■.■.■, -v.-.i •■ , .-. . Obd. XXXVII. PORTULACEiE. Juss. 1. PORTULACA. Toum. Cat. aut liber aut imo ovario adhserens, bipartitus, demum basi circumscissus et deciduus. Pet. 4-6 aequaUa, inter se libera aut ima basi concreta, calyci inserta. Stam. 8-15, fila- mentis liberis interdum ima corolla odnatis. Ovarium subrotundum. Stylus apice 3-6- fidus, aut stylus 0 et stigmata 3-8 elongata. Capsula subglobosa 1-locularis medio circum- scissa. Semina 00 placentae centrali adfixa. — Herbse camoscB humiles. Folia sparsa inte- gernina crassa, in axillis sape piligera, circa fioves congesta aut sulrverticiUata. Flores horis 9-12 matutinis sole expansi. — Genus heterogeneum et forsan dividendum, sed capsula cir- rumscissa nunc facile distinctum. DC. 1. P. oleracea; foliis cuneiformibus carnosis, axillis geniculisque nudis, floribus sessilibus. Linn. Sp. PL p. 638. j)e Cand. PI. Gras. t. 123. Elliott, Carol, v. I. p. 534. Pursh, Fl. Am. V. 2. p. 365. Hab. About Norway House, and banks of the Hill 'Bivvt. Dr. Richardson, Drummmd. Cloj/tonia. PORTULACRS:. 223 8. TALINUM. Adaiu, Juaa. (Talinum et Calandrinia. DC.) Cal. 2-partitus. Petabi 5. Stamina plurima. Stylus 1. Stigmata S. Capsula 3-valvis, polysperma. — Frutices aut sufirutices (herbaceteve.) Folia alterna craaaiuacttla, interdum in axillis piloaa. Flores termtnaka, ptmiculati aut racemosi. Juaa. 1. T.? (Calandrinia? Kunth,) Menziesii; caulescens, foliis lineari-spatlmlatis, inferio- ribus longe petiolatis, marginibus nudis, superioribus sepalisque acute carinatis dorso glaii- duloso-ciliatis, iloribus pedunculatis axillaribus. (Tab. LXX.) . , .,' Radix parva, annua, subfusiformis, fibrosa. Caules erecti vel basi decumbcntes, di^talcs, graciles, folioiti. Folia -emoto, inferiora et radicalia longe petiolata nuda, superiora glanduloso^iliata : omnia lineari-spathu- lata, Pedicelli axillares, solitarii, in apices caulium, folio duplo breviores, Buporne angulati, angulis piloso- jjflandulosis. Cali/x profunde bipartitus ; segmentis sen sepalis ovatis, acutis, acute carinatis, carina margini- busque glanduloso-ciliatis. CoroUam itamina pistiUamque non vidi. Capsula l-looularis, 3-Talvi8. Semina plurima, receptaculo centrali affixa, Hab. North-West coast of America, south of the Columbia. A, Memies, Esq, — Habit of a Talinum; but, without having been the flowers, I am incompetent to refer it to the proper genus. It may be a Clay- tonia. Tab. LXX. Talinum? Menaiiesii. Fig, 1, Root-leaf; fig, 2, Leaf from beneath a flower; fig, 3, Capsule, with the persistent calyx and peduncle : — magnified, 3. LEWISIA. Pursfi. Oo/'ya! 7-sepalus, sepalis submembranaceis. Petala 9-\2, mferiorn sensim minora. Stain, 12-16 hj'pogyna. Antkera lineares. Germen globosum. Ovula plurima receptaculo centrali libero affixa. Stylus profunde sexpartitus, laciniis filiformibus. Stigtnata obtusa. — Planta herbacea acaulia. Radix faseiculata. Folia teretia carnosa, Scapi unijlori, 1. L, rediviva. Pursh, Fl. Am. v, 2. p. 368. — a. radice sanguineo, flore albo. — /3. radice albo, flore roseo. Hook, in Bat. Misc. v. I. p. 345. t. 70. Hab. ec. Banks of Chirke's River, North-Wcst America. Lewis. /3. Subalpiue regions of the Rocky Moun- tains, on the west side, and abundant at the junction of the Spokan River with the Columbia, in dry stony soils; also on the Flathead and Salmon Rivers, in similar situations. Douglas. — The roots of this are gathered in great quantities by the Indians on the west side of the Rocky Mountains, and highly valued on account of their nutritive quality. They are boiled and eaten as Salep, w arrow-root, and are admirably calculated for carrying on long joumies : two or three ounces a>day being sufficient for a man, oven while undergoing great fatig ^e. — Unforttmately, I have seen no complete flowers of this plant ; so that, Pursh having described it imperfectly, we yet remain ignorant of the characters of the Genus ; if, indeed, it should not merge into Talinum, which I think very probable. 4. CLA\TONIA. Linn. CaL disepalus persistens, sepalis ovatis oppositis. Petala 5, obcordata aut obovata hypogyna sequalia unguicnlata, unguibus basi subconnatis. Stam, 5 ad ungues petalorum inserta. Ovarium sessile. Stijlus 1 trifidus, ramulis intus stigmatosis. Caps, l-locularis 3-valvis 3-sperma. Fila conductoria 3 ante fsecundationem a placenta centrali ad styli basin directa. Semina sessilia. — Herbae glabrcB subsucculentte stspius perennes. Folia integerrima, radicalia petiolata, summa aoBpitta opposita aeaailia, interdum connata. Racemi terminates. Flores albi aut rosei. DC. urn 324 PORTULACEjE. [Claylonia. * Cattle folioso, foliis omnibus altemis, {habitu ad Colandrinios accedens.) 1. C. linearis; caulibus rnmosis, foliis anguste linearibiis obtusis alternis siccitate sub lente 3-nerviis, raceniis terminalibus secundis bosi bracteatb, petalis integris. (Tab. LXXI.) — Douglas, MSS. apud Hart. Soc. Lond. Radix annua, fibrosa. Caules plures ex eadcm radice, debiles, assurg^entes, filiformes, ramosi, folioai. Folia omnia altema, 2-3 uncias longa, superiora gensim minora, omnia anguste linearia obtusa subsucculenta, siccitate, sub lente, S-nenria, nerris venis anastomosantibua. Racemi terminalcs flexuoHo-curvati, pedicello infero folio seu bractea binceolata sufiiilto. Calyx disepalus; sepalis ovato-rotundatis obtusis. Petala calyce longiora obovata obtusa Integra. Stamina 5. Hab. Moist rocky places ; on the Great and Little Falls of the Columbia, abundant. Douglas. Tab. LXXI. Claytonia linearis. Fiff. I, Unexpanded flower; y?)/. 2, Flower expanded: — magnified, 2. C. Jilicaulis; caulibus ad basin ramosis, foliis inferioribus obovatis acutis reticulatim venosis in petiulum decurrentibus caidinis lineari-spathulatis, racemis terminalibus, floribus bracteutis, petalis integris. (Tab. LXXII.) — liouglas, MSS. apud Hort. Soc. Lond. — C. pai-vifolia? Moc. Ic. PI. Nootk. ined. in De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 361. Radix parra, fibrosa, annua. Caules plurimi ex cadem radice, erecti, graciles, filiformes, ad basin solum- modo ramosi. Folia radicalia plurima atque caulina inferiora obovata, acuta, camoso-membranacea, 3-a> nervia, nerris venoso-reticulatis, basi in petiolum latiusculnm attenuata : caulina superiora plurima sensim minora lineari-spathulata. Racemi terminales. Pedicelli undique versi omnes basi unibracteati ; bractea parra ovato-lanceolata. Flores majusculi. Petala calyce duplo triplove longiora, integra. Stamina 5, Hab. Rocks; Nootka and Queen Charlotte's Islands, on the North-West coast of America. A. Memies, Esq. July, 1787. Plentiful on moist rocks of the Columbia, ::°°' the ocean. Douglas, Dr. Scouler. Tab. LXXII. Claytonia filicaulis. Fig, 1, Flower; Jig. 2, Root-leaf: — magnified. • • Scapo foliis 2 oppositis nunc connatis (Claytonise vercB.) - , 3. C. Virginica; radice tuberosa, foliis omnibus (radicalibus paucissimis) lineari-lanceo- latis obsolete 3-nerviis venis anastomosantibus, racemo solitario nutante, pedicellis elongatis infimo bracteato, petalis integris. Linn. Sp. PL p. 294. Bot. Mag. t. 941. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 160. Pursh, 12. Am, v. \. p. 175. Miott, Carol, v. 1. p. 306. Bigd. Fl. Bast. ed. 2. p. 98. Torrey, Fl.ofUn. St. v. 1. p. 259. De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 361.— C. grandiflora. Sweet, Br. FL Gard. L 216. — 0. foliis latioribus fere ovato-lanceolatis in petiolum attenu- atis. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. I. c, — y, spathulsefolia. De Cand, I. c, — C. Caroliniana. Mich, Am, V, I, p, 160. — C. spathulaefolia. Salisb, Parad, Lond. <. 71. Pursh, FL Am. v. 1. p. 174. Hab. ». Near Montreal. Mr. Cleghom. Saskatchawan. Drummond. — /3. Throughout Canada, and as far as the Saskatchawan. Lady Dalhousie, Mrs. Sheppard, Drummond. St. John's, New Brunswick. Dr. Boott. On the west side of the Rocky Mountains, under the shade of solitary Pines. Douglas. — The petals are very variable in breadth and blimtness. The var. p. appears to be more abundant in the British Possessions than «.; and this is observed by Dr. Torrey to be the case in the New England States. 4. C lanceolata; radice tuberosa, foliis radicalibus (paucissimis) oblongis longe petiolatis, caulinis ellipticis sessilibus omnibus 3-nerviis venis anastomosantibus, racemo solitario nutante, pedicellis elongatis infimo bracteato, petalis profunde emarginatis. Pursh, FL Am. V. 1. p. 175. t. 3. De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. /». 361. Claj/lonta,] PORTULACEiE. 225 Hab. Vallies of the Rooky Mountains, in a rich soil. DrummotuL— Tim ia a very beautiful species, with the hu'gest flowers of any, and the petals constantly notched. It is, however, in many respects, very simiUr to the preceding, especially to the var. /3. : but here the cauline leaves are sessile. The root-leaves are of very rare occurrence, even in the most perfect specimens, and I have never seen more than one upon a root, though as many as three stems have arisen from that root. Very nearly allied to this is the C. Vestiana, Fischer, MSS. ( C Joaimiana, Roem. et Schultes) : but that has numerous radical leaves and a Urge fusiform root. 5. C. Unalaachkensis ; foliis nervosis summis oppositis sessilibus rhombeo-ovatis, radica- libus petiolatis lanceolato-ovatis acuminatis, racemis geminis, bracteis ovatis, pedicellis solitariis bractea dup!o longioribus, petalis emarginato-bifidis. DC, — Fischer, in Roem. et Schult. Syst. Veget. v. 5. p. 434. De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. />. 361. Hab. Unalaschka. Langadorff. 6. C. perfoliata ; radice fibrosa, foliis reticulatim venosis, radicalibus numerosis longe petiolatis late rhombeis, caulinis in ununi suborbiculare perfoliatum coalitis, racemis fasci- culatis, petalis integris aut emarginatis. — Donn, Cat. Hort. Cant. ed. 4. p. 50. Bot. Mag. t. 1336. Pursh, Fl. Am. v.\. p. 176. De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 360. — C. Cubensis. Bonpl. Ann. du Mm. v. 7. p. 82. t. 6. PI. (Equinoct. t. 26. — Limnia perfoliata. Haw. Hab. Firsi discovered on the North -West coast of America by Mr. Maiztes. Mouth of the Columbia, and vallies of the Rocky Mountains, (where, however, the specimens are very diminutive,) Douglas, Dr. Scouler. — This and the next species have very small flowers. 7. C. parviflora ; radice fibrosa, foliis radicalibus numerosis lineari-spathulatis 3-nerviis venoso-anastomosantibus longe petiolatis, caulinis in unum ovale perfoliatum coalitis venoso- reticulatis, racemis solitariis subcompositis uiiibracteatis. (Tab. LXXIII.) Douglas, MSS. apud Herb. Hort. Soc. Lond. Hab. Abundant along the course of the Coliunbia, in open parts of the forest where wood has been burned, or the ground turned up by Deer. Douglas. — Flowers rose-coloured and white. This difiers, as Mr. Douglas justly observes, from the preceding, in its linear radical leaves, ovate bracteas, and the profusion of small flowers. Tap. LXXHI. Chtytonia parviflora. Ptjir. I, Fruit: — natural size. 8. C. alsinoidesi radice fibrosa, foliis reticulatim venosis rhombeis acutis, radicalibus plurimis longe petiolatis, caulinis sessilibus, racemis subsolitariis, pedicellis elongatis brac- teatis, petalis emarginatis. — Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 176. Bot. Mag. t. 1309. De Cand. Prodr. V. 3. p. 360. — /3. floribus roseis, foliis subenerviis. De Cand. Prodr. I. c. — C. Sibirica. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 294 ? (non Pall.) Bot. Mag. t. 2243. Sweet, Br. Fl. Gard. t. 16. Hab. North-West coast of America. Mr. Menjies, M. Lewis, Dr. Scouler. At the sources of the Columbia, particularly plentiful about Indian villages, where it seems to hold the place of Alsine media in our country. Douglas. — li. Nootka. Mocca. — Whatever the C. Sibirica of Linnieus may be, v» hich I have no means of ascertaining, this plant is assuredly the same as the one so called in our gardens, in the Bot. Magazine (?) and in Sweet's Brit. Fl. Garden. Gmelin, who is quoted for the C. Sibirica of Linn., describes the root as being as thick as a goose-quill ; Sir James E. Smith says it is tuberous ; characters better according with C. Joannina of Roem. and Schultes, (the C. Vestiana of Fischer in Herb, nostr.) and I may VOL. I. 2 F ;™ PARONYCHIEiE. [Paronychia. add, too, the aaitifolia of Ledebour, which i§ a perennial plant, with a thick tap-root — It has perhaps a claiiv to be considered as American ; at least Omelin's plant is said to be found at Mount 8t. Elias, and in the islands between Asia and North America. 9. C. apathulata; minuta, radice fibrosa, foliis radicalibus numerosis angustc lineari- subspathulatis, caulinis ovatis ucutis sessilibus, racemo solitnrio unibracteuto, petalis integris. (Tab. LXXIV.) Douglas, MSS. apud Herb. Hort. Soc. Land. Planta pusilla. Radix e fibris paucis, annua. Caulea plurimi ex eadem radice debiles graciles adscen- dentes. FoUa radicalia plurima subunciam lon)^ anguste linearia subspathulata ; caulina 2 parva, opposita, ovata, acuta, sessilia. Racemus terminalis soliturius, 'Mi-florus. Pedicel/us infimus bractoa parva lanceolata suffiiltus. Corolla calyce vix loogior. Hah. North -West coast of America. A. Menzies, Esq. in Herb, nostr. — In the vallies of the Rocky Mountains, common. Douglas. — This is the smallest species of the whole ^enus, and in regard to its character, it seems to hold the same relation to C alsinoides as the C. parviflora does to C. perfoliata ; being essentially distinguished by its exceedingly narrow leaves. Tab. LXXIV. Claytonia spathulata. Fig. 1, Leaf; Jig, 2, Flower-stcraj^f^. 3, Flower; yf perfectly equal. Tab. LXXV. Paronychia sessiliflora. F/*/. 1, Portion of a flowering-stem; ^17. 2, Apex of a branch, with a flower; Jig. 3, Flower Liid open to show the stamens, abortive filaments, (petahi, DC.) and pistil; .fig.^. Pistil, with the germen cut open to show the ovule and seed-stalk ; fig. 5, Leaves from the lower part of the stem and stipules; fig. 6, Single loaf from the mme; fig. 7, Leaves from near the extremity of a branch and stipules ; fig. 8, Siugle leaf from the same : — more or less magnified. I I Oed. XXXIX. CRASSULACE.S;. DC. \. SEDUM. De Cand. Calyx 5-partitus, sepalis ovatis ssepius turgidis foliiformibus. Petala 5 stepius patentia. Stam. petalorum nuinero duplo. Squamce nectarifercB integrae aut vix ac ne vix emarginatse. Carpella 5, — Herb* aut svffrutices. Cuules scepius ad basin ramosi. Suiculi steriles folia conferta gerentes. Folia alterna rarius opposita, carnosa, teretia aut plana, integerriina, rarius dentata. Flores cytnosi, nunc albi-purpurei aut carulei nuncflavi, in nonnullis 4-aa< 6-7-petali etideo S-aut 12-14-anrfri, sed tunc species Stmpervivo distinact sguamis integris et habitu. * Planifolia, Jloribus luteis. \. S. Rhodiola; foliis oblongis apice serratis ghibris, radice subtuliei'osa, caule simplici, floribus subcorymbosis ssepius tetrapetuJis abortu dioicis. De Cand. Ft. Fr. ed. 3. v. 4. p. 386. PL Grass, t. 143. Torrey, in PL 0/ Rocky Mount, p. 206.— Rhodiola rosea. Linn. Sp. PL p. 1465. EngL Hot. t. 508. Had. Arctic Sea-shore, Dr. Bichardson, and isbinds. Sir E. Parry. Newfoundland and Labrador. Dr. Morrison. — This was first ascertained to be a native of Amcriai by Dr. Torrey, on the authority of Dr. James, who found it in the more southern ranges of the Rocky Mountains. 2. S. spathuli/olium ; glabruni, caule erecto, foliis obovato-spathulatis planiusculis acutis 2F-2 2S8 CRASSULACEiE. [Pmlhorium. supremis linearibus, cyma terminali foliosa trichotoma, floribus pedicelliitis lO-andris, petalis lineari-lanceolatis calyce multo longioribus. Hab, Common on dry rocky places of the Columbia and Salmon Riven. Douglat. — The lower decumbent part of the stem lends forth fibrous roots, the rest is erect, simple, leafy. Leaves, according; to Mr. Doughts, for they are almost destroyed in drying, obovato^ipathidate, gradually smaller and narrower upwards. Flower* yellow, very simihu- to those of S. stenopttalum, as far as can be judged from the dried state of the pUnt 3. & Dougltuii; caule erecto superne ramis recurvis prolifero, ibliis lineari-subulatis ocutissiinis intus planis dorso subcarinatis margine siccitate meiiibronaceis, cyma dichotonia, floribus sessilibus decandris, petalis anguste lanceolatis calyce dupio longioribus. Has. Common on rocky places of the Columbia to the mountains. JDouglas, — Flowers resembling those of S. spatkulifolium and S. stenopetalum, as far as can b« judged from the dried specimens; but the leaves are widely different, and of such a natuiw that I am doubtful whether the pktnt should bo referred to this or to the third section : those at the base of the stem, and those on the numerous proliferous shoots on the upper part of the stem, remain attached by their broad and almost membranaceous bases, they are thickened in the middle, but thin and scariose at the margin. The root is annual : the pknt a span high : the proliferous shoots, which are entirely confined to the upper half, an inch long. * • Planifolia^Jloribuaalbia. 4. S. tematum; foliis planis glabris integerrimis, inferioribus obovatis basi nttenuatis temato-verticillatis, summis sessilibus inordinatis, cynia trifida, floribus secus ramos sessili- bus, petalis oblongis acutis. DC. — Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 277. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 324. Elliott, Carol, v.]. p. 529. Torrey, Fl. of Uti. St. v. 1. p. 463. De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 403. Bot. Mag. t. 1977. Bot. Reg. t. 142. Hab. Rocks on the Niagara and Lake Erie, common. Douylai. • * * Teretifolia, floribus Jlavis. 5. S. stenopetalum; caulibus assurgentibus, foliis sporsis congestis adnuto-sessilibus compresso-subulatis acutis, cyma terminali trichotoma dichotoma, spicis recurvutis, floribus sessilibus decandris, petalis linearibus calyce multo longioribus. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 234. De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 408. Hab. Banks of Clarcke's River and the Kooskoosky. M, Lewis. Fre^juent on the east side of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. — This very distinct species of Sedum has been c\iltivated in the Botanic (lardens of Edinburgh and Glasgow, from seeds brought home by Mr. Drummond. (CRAS8ULACE.E AnoMAL^. DC.) a. PENTHORIUM. Linn. Calyx 5-partitus. Petala 5. Stamina 10. Squama 0? Carpella 5 basi inter sc concreta in capsulani 5-rostratam 5-locularem apice 5-gonam et sub rostris dehiscentem. Scmina 00 minima, placenta latiusculaj undique adfixa, forsan exalbuminosa.— Herbaj Ribu,] OROSSULARlEi^ 289 Cymte erecta perennea. Folin aparaa membranacea obbmgo-linearia inaqualiter aerrata. unilateraiea apice subacorjiioidece. DC. 1. P. aedoidea; caulc subramoso, foliis lanceolatis, cymis plurimis paniculatis multifloris, setninibus scobifortnibus. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 620. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 241. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 528. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 323. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 184. Torreif, Fl. qf Un. St. V. \.p. 463. De Cand. Prodr, v. 1. p. 414. Hab. La Grande Chaudiire. Purth, MSS. Ord. XL. CACTE.!). Vent. It is greaily to be regretted, that of this interesting family, from the impossibility of drying them, no specimens were collected. Species were met with, if I mistake not, by Mr, Drummond in his route, and certainly by Mr. Douglas on the west side of the Rocky Mountains, as far as the 44th or 45th degree of north latitude, and at a considerable elevation upon the mountains. The species are probably the same as, or nearly allied to, those which Mr. Nuttall detected upon the high mountains of the Missouri, and in the Mandan country: — these are Mammillaria aimpkx. Haw., M. vivipara, Ilaw., and Opuntiafragilit, Nutt. Ord. XLI. GROSSULARIEuE. DC. 1. RISES. Linn, Calyx 5-lobus, laciniis plus minus coloratis. Petala 5 parva albida lutea vel rubra. Stamina 5 rarissitne 6, filamentis liberis. Styli 1-2-3-4-fidi. Bacca unilocularis, recepta- culis lateralibus. Semina arillata (an in omnibus?) oblonga subcompressa. DC. * Caulea aculeati. Pedunculi 1-2-3 rarius muUiJlori. Folia plicativa, {Grossvlaria.) f Floribtts rvbria. 1. R. atamineum; setoso-aculeatum vel nudum, spinis tripartitis, foliis suborbicularibus trilobis obtusis, pedunculis bifloris, bracteis late ovatis, calyce cylimlraceo 4-partito, laciniis erectis glandulosis, staminibus 4 longe exsertis, germine pedicellisque setoso-glandu- losis. — Sm. in Iteea' Cycl. — De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 477. — R. speciosum. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 2. App. p. 731. — " R. fuchsioides. Fl. Mex. ined." (De Cand.) — R. triacantha. Mem. MSS. cum Ic. nitidias. Hab. North California. Mr. Menzies. Monterrey. Douglas, 1831. — Style very long, entire. Petals cuneate, inserted on the very short tube of the corolla, as long as the segments, the margins involute. Anthers ovate. 2. R. Menzieaii; aculeatissimum, spinis tripartitis, foliis cordatis basi truncatis 5-lobis serratis venoso-rugosis subtus pubescenti-tomentosis, pedunculo subunifloro, calyce cylin- draceo-campanulato profunde 5-fido glanduloso, staminibus 5 inclusis, stylo subexserto, germine pedunculoque aculeatis. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 2. App. p. 732. De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 478. — R. ferox. Sm. in Rees' Cycl. — De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 478. Hab. Port Trinidad, North California. A. Menzies, Esq. — The present and the preceding species are exceedingly beautiful, from their large bright red glandular ^otcer$, and may be considered as holding the ■^■la *| 280 OROSSULARIEil'.. [Ribt: umtt rank amon(; the GooMbcrry u the R, umguinnm dow wnong the (lumuit-tribe. H, Mtntiuii \» clothed with long fulvoiu aculei. + + Floribun virideacentilius. • ' --\ ' ■■ .' ' 3. R. oxyacemthoiik» ; aculcatn-setcwum, nudiusculum, spinis 1-3 nunc hiiMi conlitiH, foliis cordati.s quinquelobi!* sitrrutis subtus (fucpc) pctiolisqiif pubtixcL-ntilniN, peduiiculiN brevis- simis siibbifl4)ri.s, culycis glal)ri tiilio cylindraceo intus liirsuto, limbo pntentu petaliti olxivatis Jongiore, gerniinu pedicelH.>MiUL> niidi.s. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 291. Pum/t, PL Am. v, 1. p. 165, (lion Mich.) Rich, in Franhl. UtJourn. etl. 2. App, p. 9? Torrey, PI. qf Un. St. v. 270. De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 478. Hah. Throughout ("unada, and bh far an the 8aHkat4:hawan. Mlchuvx. Piinh. Drummond. NVwtound- land. Dr. Morrison. — This varieH coimidfrahly in the avulei and Npiiie§, in their numlipr and colour (more or lew bright or fulvouH,) and in the more or Ipwi deuHe nuniliration, and pulH-scence. <)f our pUnt, Mr. Drummond NayH the fruit is very Himihtr to the common OtMHteberry, n r*><'«iv«d frrtm Oaiinda; liiit thru mmn of the K«rniqtiantil)iis, bacci.s glubris. Dotiyl. in Ilort, Trans, v. 7. p. !)\6. Hah. Moiitt mountain-rocks, near Hpriuj^s and Htrearas on the Blue Mountainx, in lat. Mi". 33'., and on the bankN of the Spokan Itivvr, North -Went America, liouylaa, — Utrrien Npluerii'ul, half an ini^h in diameter, smooth, juicy, well-flavoured. I only poHseiiH a native specimen uf thin in fruit : and judKin)( from the foliaf;e and HpincH, and from the withered calyx, aa well ax from the berry, it Heems to me that it is cluMcly allied to, if not the same an, R, triflorum. 0. R. saxosum; cuule inermi rarius aculeato, spiiiis nullis vel solitariis biiiisve, foliis cordatis 5-lobis serratis glabriusculis, pvdunculis brevissiniis deflexis 1-2-floris, calycis i^lubri tube campanulato, laciniis patentibus deinuni reflcxis corolla diiplo loiigioribiis stamina subsRquaiitibus, geriniiiu nudo. — U. saxatile. Doiujl. MSS, apud Hort. Svc. Load, (non Pall.)—R. triflorum. Biyel. Ft, Dost. ed. 2. p. 90. Hab. Common on the undulating grounds of the interior among stones, (N. W. Amor. Y) T)omjlas. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. Hoxkatchawau. Dr. Jiichardsoii. Mr. Drummuud. — This has tlic s:mif short pcduntles as It. oxyucanthoides, but a very difl^crent and more campanulato calyx ; in the latter rcspci't coniiii;; near R. Cynosbati. It is probably not uncommon in North America, and may have been coiiloundcd witli some already described species, or it may itself belong to the following species of this i. •oupc, which seems to be worcely known except to Michaiix, and on account of the vagueness of his charactiT, not to be determined, except by reference to his Her!>arium, if indeed it exists there. I have received It t'nim Or. Hoott, gathered near Boston, under the name of R. trijiorum, and hence, as well as from Dr. Hijji'loH 's description, 1 suspect it to be the plaut uf the Florula Bostouiensis : where the fruit is described an resi'uiblin){ a common Goosebeiry. 10. R. hirtellum ; spimila subaxilluri, ramis brevitor niritciH.iiie hispidulis, foliis parvis semitrifidis lobis paucideiitatis, pedimculis uiiiflorLs bacca glabra rubra. Mich, Am, r. 1. p. km 232 OROSSULARIE^. [Riba. I 111. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 165. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 269. De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 479. Hab. Stony places by the river Sagney. Michaux. W. R. lacustre; caule valde aculeato, spinis multipartitis gracilibus, foliis cordatis profunde 3-5-lobis incisis, racemis 5-8-floris laxis, cidycibus rotatis, germinibus pedicellisque hispido-glandulosis. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 161. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 91. Rich, in Frankl. lat Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 8. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. I, p. 270. De Cand. Prodr. v, 3. p. 478. — R. oxyacanthoides. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 111. Pers. Syn. PL v. 1. p. 252. (/3.) — R. ecliinatuin. Dougl. MSS. in Herb. Hort. Soc. Load, et in Herb, nostr. Hab. Throughout Canada to Fort Franklin and Bear-Lake, near the Arctic circle. Dr. Richardson, lirummond. Mouth of the Columbia. Scouler. Mountains of the Columbia and of North California. Douglas. — This has the flowers of the Currant, and the prickly stems and spines of the Gooseberry tribe. The fruit is about the size of Black CiuTants,in pendulous racemes, purple-black, shining, clothed with hairs, unpleasant t« the taste. Rich, — The R. echinatum of Mr. Douglas does not differ in any particular from R. lacustre. The tips of the calyx are not black, as described by Mr. Douglas. * * Inermia. Racemi plerumgue multijlori. Folia plicativa. (Rihesia.) f Floribus virescentibux. 12. R. rubrum; inermc, foliis cordatis 5-lobis subtus pubescentibus, racemis nutantibus, bracteis obtusis pedicellis brevioribus, calycibus rotatis lacii)iis obtusis, petalis obcordatis, fruclu glaberrimo. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 290. Engl. Bat. t. 1289. Rich, in Frankl. 1st Joum. ed. 2 App. p. 6. — R. albinervium ? Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 110. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 163. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 267. Hab. Throughout Canada to the mouth of the Mackenzie River. Dr. Richardson. Drummond. — This differs in no respect from our Europiean R. rubfum : and it is so abundant in North America, that it must liave been described by Authors, under some other luune. The miserable description we have of /{. albi- nervium, accords sufficiently well, except tliat I find no evidently white or pale. 511. Frutex 4-8-pedali8, cortice atro-cinereo obducto. Folia cordato-rotimdata, utrinque sed subtus pnecipue petiolisque pilis brevibus glanduloso-viscidis tecta, 3-S-loba, lobis rotundatis obtusis inciso-crenatis. StipuUe magme, membranaceip, fuscw. Bacemi erecti, subcorymbosi. Flores maximi, pallide flavo-virides. Pedicelti elongati bracteis lineari-obovatis membranaceis glabris longiores, glanduloso-hirsuti. Calyx tiibuloso-cam- panulatus, infeme glandulosus, superne glaber, laciniis submembranaceis, erecto-patulis, oblongo-ovatis, obtusis. Stamina inclusa. Stigma bifidum. Germen ovale, viscido-hirsutum. Bacca oblongo-ovata, nigra, glanduloso-hirsnta. Hab. Rocky Mountains. Lewis. — Common in the recesses of the Rocky Moiuitains, and on dry phuns in partially shaded places towards the sources of the Columbia ; also on the summits of the hills near the Spokan and Kettle Falbi, at an elevation of 8000 feet above the sea. Douglas.— K very fine and remarkable species. Tab. LXXVI. Fig. \,T\ower:— magnified. f f Flores intense rosei. 20. R. sangnineum ; inerme, foliis cordatis subquinquelobis serratis venosis supra glabri- usculis subtus villoso-tomentosis, racemis loxis pul)cscentibus folio dupio longioribus, calycibus tubuloso-campanulatis laciniis oblongis obtusis patentibus petala (rubra) inte- gerrima superantibus, bracteis obovato-spathulatis, baccis turbinatis birsutis. Douglas. — Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 164. Sm. in Rees' Cycl. — Douglas, in Hart. Trans, v. T. p. 509. t. 13. Bot. Reg. t. 1349. — R. malvuceum. Sm. in Rees' Cycl. Hab. Abundant on the coast of North -West America, from ht. 38°. to Hif., usually growing in rocky Heuchera.] SAXIFRAGES. 235 Mtuationg by the rides of streanu. Menzies, Lewis. Douglas. Dr. Scouler. — This is perhaps the most highly oruamentiil of the Genus, bearing a profusion of large racemes of deep rose-coloured flowers. The fruit is brownish-black, bitter, having a tough, leathery, thick skin, with numerous minute angular seeds, adhering together by a small portion of limpid, viscid mucus, and completely destitute of the pulpy substance com- mon to most species of the tribe. Douglas. * * * Inermia. Racemi pluriflori. Folia in gemmis ambientia. (Florea aureo-flavi.) 21. It. aureum; inerme, glaberrimum, foliis trilobis, lobis divaricatis inciso-paucidentatis petiolo basi ciliato brevioribus, racemis laxis dense multifloris, calycibus tubulatis pedicello longioribus, tubo gracili, laciniis oblongis obtusis, petalis linearibus laciniis calycinis duplo brevioribus, bracteis linearibus longitudine pedtcellorum, (stylo integro), baccis glabris. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 164. Bot. Reg. t. 125. De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 483. Has. Falls of the Columbia River. M. Lewis. In light gravelly soils, from the Great Falls of the Columbia to the mountains, and on the southern branches. Douglas. — Fruit yellow, seldom black, and of exquisite flavour. Douglas. 22. R. tenuiflorum ; inerme, foliis subrotundis trilobis farinosis, lobis apice obtuse dentatis, racenvis pendulis multifloris, calycibus tubulatis glabris pedicello longioribus coloratis, pettdis integerrimis calycis laciniis linearibus ofHusis duplo brevioribus, baccis glabris. /,?i • in, Hort. Trans, v. 7. p. 242. Bot. Reg. f. 1274. — R. aureum. " CoUa, Hort. Rip. ' %. *.. 1. A. nee aliorum. {Lindl.) — R. flavum. Berl. in De Cand. Prodr. V. 3. p. 48t. . , ireum, var. tubiflorum. Dougl. MSS, apud Hort. Soc. Lond. Hab. Common on the rocky tracts of the Columbia, to the Mountains, near the head-water of the Missouri. Douglas. — " lu habit, this species is more erect than R. aureum, and has the young wood more thinly rlothed with leaves : its whole appearance is also paler during the early part of the year. The leaves are nearly round, 3-or A-lobed ; when young, covered with a kind of mealy bloom; when more advanced, cordate at the base; and at all times, in the plants that I have examined, wholly destitute of pubescence. The flowers are not more than half the size of those of It, aureum, and have entire, not notched petals. The fruit Ls the size of the Red Currant, witli a thick skin, and a dense mucilaginous pulp, of an agreeable flavour, but possessing little acidity, and far inferior to our cultivated Currants. — There are two varieties, the one bearing black, and the other yellow fruit: the former changes from yellow to red, and finally acquires a deep blackish-purple hue; the htttcr always retains its yellow colour." Lindl, — In the dried state of the speci- mens, I can perceive no essential difference between this and B, aureum. o .ss. De Cand. De Cand.) Ord. xlii. saxifrage.^. (Trib. IV. Saxifragem verce. 1. HEUCHERA. Linn. Calyx persistans 5-fidus aestivatione imbricata. Petala indivisa subinsequalia. Stamina 5. Styli 2 longissimi distincti longitudine stamiimni, juniores approximato-subconcreti, dein divergentes. Capmla flora emnrcido coronata, inferne calyci adnata, inter stylos dehiscens, 1-loculuris, placcntis 2 adnutis polyspermis. Semina aspero-punctota rugosave. — Herl)a\ YoWa radicalia petiolata palniatitiervia lobato-dentata. Caules aphi/Ui. Flores paniculati aut racemosi. DC. 2G2 236 SAXIFRAGES. [Heuchera. 1. H, micrantha; scapo infeme petiolisque pilis longis patentibus fulvis villosissimis, foHLs subrow.:ndo-cordatis obtuse lobatis mucronato-crenatis nudiusculis, bractei^ infimis foliosis incisis superioribus setaceis, panicula laxa, petalis linearibus staminibus longe exsertis duplo brevioribus. Douglas, in Bot. Ueg, t. 1302. Hab. North -West coast of America. Dr. Scouler. Steep rocky banks of the Columbia, near the Grand Rapids. Douglas. 2. H. villosa ; scapo infeme petiolisque pilis mollibus deflexis villosissimis, foliis cordatis acute lobatis niucronato-serratis subincisisque supra nudiusculis sub'us ad nervos prse- cipue villosissimis, panicula laxa, pedunculis capillaribus dichotomis, bracteis linearibus ciliatis, floribus pusillis, petalis longissiniis angustissime spathulatis staminibusque longe exsertis. — Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 172. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 188. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 52. Had. Upper Canada. Mr. GoMie. — The leaves of this are very different from those of U. Americana; the flowers, too, are smaller, and t\i« petals singularly long and narrow, their upper or broader part becoming spirally twisted in the dried state. 3. H. glabra; scapo folioso, foliis cordatis acute lobatis glabris inscqualiter acute serratis, supremis seu bracteis inferioribus incisis, panicula laxa, floribus parvis, cal^xibus pubescenti- scabriusculis, petalis linearibus staminibus exsertis subduplo brevioribus. (Tab. LXXIX.) Willd. in Schulles, Syst. Veget. v. 6. p.2\Q. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 52. — Tiarella colorans. Graham, in Ed. N. Phil. Journ. July, 1829. Radix pereuuis, elongata, obliqua, reliquis petiolorum vctustorum vestita. Folia radicalia longe petiolata, cordata, fere omnino glabra, acute lobata, acuteque inatqualiter serrata, serraturis nunc basi dilatatis; caulina seu scapi breviter petiolata, superiora varie incisa. Petioli graci\e», basi stipulati; stipula adnatae, ut in genere Rosa, apicibus liberis acuminatis ciliatis. Scapus seu Caulis spithamaus ad pcdalem et ultra, glaber, supeme paniculatus. Panicu/a laxa. Pet/uHcu/i'graciles, patentcg,dichotomi, nunis divaricatis, bracteatis, bracteis lineari.«ubulati8. Flores parvi, minute pubescenti-scabri. Calyx turbinatuMj tubus fere omnino basi germinis adherens, limbo quinquefido crecto, laciniis oblongo-ovalibus obtusis iiuequalibus. Corolla 5-petala. Petala parva, alba, linearia vel lineari-spathulata iniequalia, lobis calycinis altemantia lis subduplo longiora. Stamina 5 lobis opposita, triploque longiora erecta. Antherte subrotundatie, loculis ad roarginrs dehiscentibus. Cfermen apice liberum, stylis 2 attenuatis, primum coluerentibus demum liberis subdivergentibus : Stigmata capitata. Capsula recurvata, oblonga, membranacea, stylis duobus persistentibus terminato, inferne colycp persistente ompUato tecto, unilocularis, inter stylos dehiscens. Receptacula 2 opposita, brevia, parietalia seminibus plurimis gerentia. Seniina oblongo-t^lliptica, intense fusea, lineatim punctata. Hah. North -West coast of America. (PaWa*.) Nootka. (De Cand.) In the vicinity of the Columbia River. Dr. Scouler. Douglas. Rocky Mountains, at Providence and Portage Rivers, in lat. 54°. North. Drunmwnd. — I liave referred this to the N. glabra of Willd., which appears to come from the some country, and which differs, according to the short character given, only ip the "panicula simplex," which is probably the case with small or starved specimens. Tar. LXXIX. Heuchera glabra. Fig. I, Flower; flg. 2, The same laid open;^?^^. 3, Capsule, yf^. 4, Section of do. j flg, 5, Seeds : — magnified. 4. H. cylindrica ; scapo omnino nudo petiolisque patentim hirsutis, foliis cordatis alte rotundiito-lobatis crcnatis ciliatis dcntibus piliferis basi truncata supra glabriusculis subtus HeucAera.] SAXIFRAGES. 237 ad venos praecipue pilosis, panicula compacta cylindracea subspicato, floribus (majuscuiis) upetalis, staminibus inclusij. Douglas, MSS. in Herb. Hort. Soc. Lond. Radix (lescendens, elongata, crassa, squamosa. Folia omnia radicalia, longe petiolata, cordata, alte lobata, 2 uncias lon^ supra glabriuscula subtus pracipue ad venas hirsuta, lobis obtusis, rotundatis, cronato-dentatig, dentibus acutis pilo apiculatis. Petioli patentim hinuti. Scopus omnino nudus, pedalis ad sesquipedulem, pills cumerosis patentlbus obsitus. Panicula terminalls, digitalis, vix 8 lineas lata, compacta, cylindracea, subspicata, ramis brevissimis bi-trifloris, bracte» pedicellls loc^ores lineari-subulatiB, ciliatse. Flores majuMCuli, sed mlnores quam In H, Richardaonii, Calyx pubescentl-hirsutus, turbinatus, Mobus: tubus Infeme germlni adnatug ; lobis ercctis obtusis inaequalibus. Petala nulla. Stamina 5 lobis opposita: Filamenta brevissima: Anthtres rotundatffi. Hab. On the decllTities of low hills, and on the steep banks of streams on the west side of the Rocky Mountains. Douglas, — This is most allied to the following; but abundantly distinguished by the truncate base to the leaves, and the spicate panicle, by having less oblique calyces, very short stamens, and by the absence of petals. 5. H. Richardsonii ; scapo nudo petiolisque subpilosis, foliis cordatis sinu profundo obtuse lobatis ciliatis crenatis dentibus piliferis utrinque sparsim pilosis, panicula laxc thyrsoidea, (floribus magnis), calyce ore obliquo, petalis obovato-cuneatis vix calyce longio- ribus, staminibus subexsertis. — Br. in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 1. App. p. 766. t. 29, (figura nitidissiina.) De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 52. Hab. Dry banks of Rivers, from h»t 54°. to 64°. North. Dr. Richardson: and west to the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. 6. H. Menziesii ; piloso-hispida, caule folioso, foliis cordatis acute lobatis inciso-serratis, floribus racemosis apetalis, calycibus cylindraceo-infundibuliforinibus, staminibus exsertis, ovario libero. (Tab. LXXX.) — Tiarella Menziesii? Pursh, FL Am. v. 1. p. 313. De Cand. Prodr. V. 4. p. 50. — /3. minus hirsuta. T. triandra. Douglas, MSS. apud Hort, Soc. Lond, Radix fibrosa, ramosa. Caulis l-S-pedalis, erectus, simplex vel subramosus, patenti-pilosus, foliosus. Folia omnia petiolata, p^'cipue radicalia, profunde cordata, acuta, tenui-membranacea, 5-7-lobata, lobis acutis, acute inciso^errata, supeme pubescenti-scabriuscula, subtus ad venas solummodo subhirsuta. Petioli pilofii, basi stipulata; stipulis majusculis adnatis membranaceis fuscescentibus. Racemus termiuulis elongatus, solitarius, multiflorus. Rachis pubescens. Pedicelli 3-4 lineos longi, basi glabri, unibracteati, bractea parva ovato-lanceolata. Calt/x fere semiuuciam longus, infundibulitbrmis, glaber, vel supenio solummodo Icviter pubescens basi hinc gibbosus, supeme patentim 5-fidus. Stamina 3 exserta. Antherm (polllno cmisso) quadratse, angulis rotundatis. Petala 5, linearia, reflexa. Pistittum: Germen oblongum liberum pubescens, basi attenuatum. Styli 2, filiformes, exsertie. Stiffma obtusum. Capsula mombranacea, omnino libera pistilli forma sed major, calyce persistente et siepe longitudinaliter rupta otrcumvoluta, semibivalvis, stytis persistentibus terminata. Semina numerosa, subglobosa, punctata, atro-fusca. Hab. North -West coast of America; at Banks' Isles. Menzies. From the Columbia to Pugct Sound. Douglas. Scoulcr. 13. Shady woods. Douglas. — I have quoted the Tiarella Tdenziesii of Pursh, with a mark of doubt, chiefly becau..<) he describes the " raceme filiform and spicate," which is by no means the easv. Ours is a remarkably distinct species. Tab. LXXX. Heuchera Menziesii. Fig 1, ¥\owet; Jig. 2, Capsule burst," surrounded by the floral coverings ; yfy. 3, Capsule removed from the floral coverings; Jig. 4, Seed: — magnified, 7. H. hmgipetala ; scapo pubescente, panicula secunda, petalis linearibus upice revolutis calyce longioribus. DC. — " Moc, PI, Nootk. Ined. Icon." De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 52. Hab. North-West coast of America. (De Cand.) 838 SAXIFRAGES. [TiareUa. 2. TIARELLA. Linn. Calyx 5-partitiis persistens imo ovario bosi odhserens, lobis obtusis. Petala 5 calyci inserta unguiculata Integra lobis calycis alterna. Stamina 10. Styli 2 liberi. Ovarium 2-loculare. Capsula l-loculnris, imo calyci adnata membranacea 2-valvis, valvis insequali- biis (carpello uno intenlum abortivo) inter stylos dehiscentibus. Semina in iundo capsule secus margines carpellorum ndfixa. — Herbse perennea Mitellae^cie. Caules erecti nudi aut (digophylli. Folia pleraque radicalia peiiolata. Racemi tvrminalea, simplices, floribus distantibuspedicellatiStfriKtigerispedicMopoatanthesin incurvo pendulis. DC. 1. • Foliis aimpUcibus. T. cordijblia ; caule aphyllo, stolonibus reptantibus, foliis cordatis acutis inciso-lobatis serratis dentibus mucronatis, racemo simplici. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 580. Mich. Am. v. I. p. 271. Purah, Fl. Am, v. \.p. 313. Torrey, FL of Un. St. v. I. p. 444. Bigel. Ft. Boat. ed. 2. p. 17^. Bot. Mag. t. 1589. Hxa Canada. Pursh. About MontreaL Mrs. Percival. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. 2. T.tmifolicUa; glabriusculit, caule unifoliato, foliis omnibus petiolatis triangulari-cordatis obtuse dentatis dentibus brevi-mucronatis, panicula laxo, floribus nutantibus, calycibus campanulatis, petalis abortivis. (?) (Tab. LXXXI.) Caulis pedalis, glaber vel supeme solummodo pubescens, erectus, gracilis supra medium unifoliolatus. Folia omnia sub longe petiolata triangulari-cordata, membranacea, 3-5-lobata, acuta, lobis acutis dentatis, dentibus obtusis brevi-mucronatis, supeme sparse pilosa. Panicula oblonga laxa, pedunculis dichotorois pedicellisque sub ebracteatis. Flores mediocres siepe deflexl. Calyx campanulatus, pubescens, profunde d-fidus, segmentis obtusis. Stamina fertilia 10, (an plure?) exserta; abortiva (an petabi?) 5. Capsula oblonga, stylis nunc persistentibus, nunc acutis. Semina oborato^blonga, Itevia, fiisco-castanea, nitida. Hab. Heigbt of land in the Rocky Mountains, near the source of the Columbia, and at Portage River. Ihrummond. — This new species of Tiarella has much of the habit of Heuchera glabra ; but the flowers are smaller, the stem has constantly only one leaf, aud that nearly as krge as those of the root, and the fruit is truly that of a TiareUa. I find constantly ten perfect stamens, and about as many apparently abortive ones, which may be abortive petals. Perfect petals, if any exist, must be very fugacions, as I have never been able to detect them. , Tab. LXXXI. Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Capsule; fig. 3, Seeds : — magnified. 3. T. ? Menziesii; foliis ovatis cordatis acutis dentatis, caulinis alternis distantibus, racemo filiformi subspicuto, calycibus tubulosis. Purah, Fl. Am, v. I. p. 313. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 50. — An Heuclicra Menziesii nobis ? Hab. " North -West Coast. A. Mcnziet, Esq." — This, I suspect to be the Heuchera Menziesii of the present work ; but the character of the inflorescence is at variance with that plant, which leaves me in doubt on the subject. * * Foliis compoaitis. i, T. trifoliata; caule I-2-foliato (rarius nudo), foliis omnibus trifoliolatis, foliolis rhombeo-ovatis inciso-plo longiora. Filamenta erecta, filiformia. Antherm rotundata-. PittiUum liberum:- Styli 2, elongati, Uberi: Stujmata obtusa. Capsula oblonga, obtusa, merabranacea, bivalvis, valvis valde innqualibus, singulo stylo terminate, unilocularis. Semina in fundo loculi sei'UN margines valvarum adfixa, 6-8, globosa, kevia; alia abortiva. Hab. 'Sorth-Weat coast of Americsi. a. Menzieg, Esq. Tab. LXXVII. Tiarella laciniata. Fiij. 1. Flower ; fg. 2, Pistil; Jig.3, Capsule , /ig. 4. Base of the capsule laid open to show the seeds. 3. TELLIMA. Sr. Calyx basi ovario adnatus, parte libera inflata ovata 5-dentata, parte adhserente conica. Pet. 5, calyci inserta laciniata. Slam. 10. Styli 2 (3) a basi distincti. Stigmata subca- pitata, angulata. Capsula calyci semiadnata, dimidio supero floris persistente vestita, unilocularis, apice 2-(3)-valvis, placentis parietalibus polyspermis. — Genus medium, ex K. Brown, inter Heucheram et Vahliam, a Mitella stylis distinctis et habitu diversum. — Herba perennis. Folia radicalia rotundato-cordata obtuse lobata {nunc composita) dentata hinc inde hispida. Flores livido-rosei majusculi in spicam (potius racemum secundum) dispositi. DC. 1. T. grandijlora; foliis cordatis lobatis dentato-serratis, racemo elongato, petalis oblongo-linearibus laciniato-pinnatifidis, stylis 2. — Douglas in Bot. Reg, t. 1178. De Cand. Prodr. V. 1 p. 49. — Mitella grandiilora. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. />. 314. Hab. North -West coast of America. A. Memies, Esq. In shady Pine woods, near springs, along thf sea-shore. Douglas. Dr. Scouler. — This is a very fine plant, with leaves as large as those of Malva rotundi- folia, and flowers with inflated calyces, which may be reckoned among the largest of its groupe. The stents and petioles are generally thickly clothed with fulvous hairs. 2. T. parviflora ; hirsuto-scabra, foliis ternatis, foliolis inciso-pinnatiiidis, racemo brevi, petalis unguiculatis 3-fidis, stylis 3. (Tab. LXXVIII. A.) Radix \iax\a, subfusiformis, magis minusve fibrosa, t-uberifera; tuberibus granulatis. Cau/ts pedalis et ultra, erectus, gracilis, simplex, parcc foliosus, scaber. Folia omnia (nisi supremiun) petiolata, tematii, 1' «?5 SAXIFRAOEJE. [Milella. parva, utrinqne pilis brevibua appremis scabra ; foliolit ovato-lanceolatii, inciso-pinnatifidis, laciniU obtiuiit : caulina 8-3, superne seiuim minora. Ricemua terminalig, curvatiu. Floret mediocre*, secundi, denii, ebraoteati, nisi bractea minutiBsima ad basin pedicellorum inferiorum. Pedicelli calycis longitudine, demum recorvi, semper simplices. Calgt turbinatiu, nqualis, d-fidus, basi tubi cum ovario adbairente, extui gUnduloso-hirsutua, intus ad btciniaa ovatai acutas ereotas pubegcens. Petala 5 patentia, unguiculata, lacinlii calycinia altemantia, lamina late obovata, profunde 3-fida, se^entis linearibiu obtusia. Stamina decern ad Oram tubi calycis inserta, inclusa; i^'famen/a perbrevia, fere nulla. .^In^Acrts rotundatn. Ovarium lemi-inferum, uniloculare, receptaculis 3 parietalibu8 seminiferig, parte superiore liboro conico, in stylis 3 brevibua liberis attenuitta : Stigmata capitata. Has. North California. Mr. Menziet. Abundant in light ^velly soils, under the shade of sapling Pines, near Fort Vancouver ; plentiful on the low hills at the Grand Rapids, and also at 8pokan River. Douglas. Dr. Scouler. — This is a very curious and distinct plant, with something of the habit of slender specimens of Saxifraga granulata. Tab. LXXVIII. A. Tellima parviflora. Fig. I, Flower laid open; Jig. 'i. Stamens ; ^g. 3, Section of a germen : — magnified. i. MITELLA. Toum. (Mitella et Drlhmondia. DC.) Calyx campanulalus 5-lobus mogis minusve ovario adheerens. Petala 5 calyce inserta lacininta vel dentuta calyce longiora. Stam. 10 (nunc 5 et tunc petalis opposita). Styli 2 in unicum brevem coaliti. Stigmata vix distincta. Capsula I-locularis bivalvis imce culycis basi pauIo adhserens. Semina plurima, erecta, in fundo capsulse. — Herbse prrennes. Folia petiolata, cordata, pleraque radicalia. Flores breves pedicellati in racemum spicatum terminalem laxum digesti, albi aut rosei. DC. 1. M. diphylla; foliis cordatis subtri-quinquelobatis dentato-serratis radicalibus longe petiolatis, caulinis binis oppositis subsessilibus, capsula basi solummodo infera, petalis fimbriato-pinnatifidis. Linn. Sp. PL p. 580. Mich. Am. v. I. p. 270. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 313. Schkuhr, Handb. v. 1. 1. 120. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 446. Bigel. Fl. Host, ed. 2. p. 178. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 49. Hab. Canada. Michaux. About Quebec. Mrs. Percival. Mrs. Sheppard. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. — This seems to be confined to the southern parts of the British Possessions. 2. M.nuda; sacpe stolonifera, decandra, foliis radicalibus reniformi-cordatis teneris obtuse lobatis crenatis subciliatis, scapo tenui aphyllo, calyce patente, petalis pectiiuito-luciniatis, ovario seminifero. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 380. Gmel. Fl, Sib. v. 4. t. 68. /I 2. Mich, in Frankl. \st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 14. De Caiid. Prodr. v. 4. p. 49. — M. reniforniis. Lam. III. t. 373. / 2. Pursh, FL Am. v. 1. p. 314.— M. cordifolia. Lam. Diet. v. 4. IlL t. 373. / 2. (mala.) Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 270. Pursh., Fl. Am. v. I. p. 314. Torrey, Fl.ofUn, SL v, 1. p. 446. De Cand, Prodr. v. 4. p. 49. — M. prostrata. Mick. Am. v. l.p. 270. Pursh, FL Am. V. 1. ;j. 314. DigeL FL Bost ed. 2. p. 179. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 49. Had. From Lake Huron to the shores of the Artie Sea ; and from Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Moun- tains. Dr. Todd. Dr. Hickardson. Drummond. Douglas. — The plant hore characterised, is the acknow- ledged T. cordifolia of all American Authors. A comparison of it with the figure of Gmelin, will show that it is the same with his species; consequently the M. nuda of Lionwus, and among the numerous specimens gathered by the Travellers just-mentioned, many throw out runners, which, again, bearing leaves and scapes, the pknt becomes the M. prostrata of Michaux, Chrysosplenium,] SAXIFRAGEiE. 241 3. M, pentandra ; pentandra, foliis rodicolibus cordntis obtuse lobatis crenato-serratut, scapo aphyllo, calyce patente, pctalis pcctinato-pinnatifidis, ovario omnino infero. Hook, in Bat. Mag, t. 2933. Graham, in Ed. N. Phil. Joum. July, 1829. — Drummondia mitel- loides. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 50. Hab. Moist alpine woods in the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. — I can by no means o^ee with my learned and valued friend, De CaudoUe, that this should form a ((enus distinct from Mitella diphylla and M. nuda. In habit, they so entirely correspond, that it would be offering a violence to nature to separate them. Our plant only differs, generically, in the suppression of the five stamens that are opposite the lobes of the calyx, and in the union of the ovary for nearly its whole length ; which latter circumstance is very variable, as we have shown in the allied ^enus Heuchera : and the reduced stamens exist equally in the following species, whore the ovary is only half inferior : — there is this difference, liowever, that while in M. pentandra, the five re- maining stamens are opposite the petals, in M, e its northern limits,) Dr. Richardson. Drummond. — This is assuredly a distinct specieH from the European C. oppositifolium, with which it has long been confounded. Pursh alone, of any author that I have been able to consult, suggesting that if it were compared in a living state with the tnie C. oppositifolium, it would probably prove different. It is a much more inconspicuous plant, of a slender pr. 31 1. Rich, in Franhl. 2dJourn. ed. 2. App. p. 13. Don, Sarifr. in Linn. Trans, v. 13. p. 400. De Cand. Proilr. v. 4. /a 19. — Antipbylla sputlutliitu. Haw. Enum. Sax\fr. p. 45. Had. Newfoundland and Labrador. Sir Joseph Banks* Dr. Morrison. Antigcoti, in tho Bay of St. Laivrenco. Mr. Ooldie, Rocky MountainK, near the hij^liuat NuramitM, between latitudes H-i" and 50°. Drummoiid. Arctic Hea^hure, and iNlands. Captain Sir Juhn Franklin and Dr. Richardson, Captain Sir E, Parry. Bay of Gschscholtz, Chamisso. — Some of the npecimeng gathered upon tho Arctic JSeu-nhore, near the mouth of the Mackenzie River, have the flowerinp^ stenu very much elonj^ted, and ao bore of loaves an to give the idea of a peduncle, with flowers remarkably large ; while those from the Rocky Mountains have their stems excct'dingly short and densely tufted. 2. S. EschschoUzii ; parvula dense cse.spitosa, foliis actissimc imbricntis obovntis concnvis pectiniitim ciliatis, floril)us solitariis brcvissimc pedunculatis, petalis (calycibus Stirnb.) cochleatis ciliatis. — Sternb. in Itev. Sax{fr. Suppl. p. 9. /. 10. /i 2. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 18. — S. fimbriata. Don, Saxi/r. in Linn. Trans, v. 13. p. 404. (non JVallich.) Hab. Cape Newnham, North-Wost coast of America, hxt. 59*. David Ndson (in Herb. Banks.) Behring's iStraits. A. Menzies, Esq. — A single specimen of this we detected amongst the stems of Arenaria laricijblia, gathered by Captain Sir John Franklin and Captain Back, on the Arctic sea-shore, to the west of the Mackenzie River. — This most remarkable and beautiful little plant, although first described by Sternberg, from Asiatic specimens, in the year Wi'i, was fii'st discovered by Mr. Nelson, and then during tho voyage of C^aptain Vancouver, in the year 1787, by Mr. Menzies. The tufts do not exceed an inch in height, and in tho dry state arc of a silvery grey colour. The leaves ore thin and scariose when dry, especially at their margins. There is a central nerve, and there arise two opposite lateral ones near the middle, which diverge and meet again just below the point. Our specimens do not possess perfect flowern, but the calyx which surrounds tho base of the capsule is not remarkably fringed : hence we are led to consider what Sternberg has described as the segments of the calyx, to be the true petals, which he represents as singularly concave or cochleate, strongly fringed at the extremity. Sect. II. Aizoonia. Tausch. — Seringe, in De Cand, Prodr. 3. S. AizooH s peclunculis calycibusque piloso-glundulosis viscidis, foliis rosularum spa- tliulatis obtusis cartilagineo-serratis, floribus paniculoto-coj'ymbosis, lobis calycinis lutis tubi heinispheei'ici longitudine, petalis olwvatis subcontiguis basi steplssime rubro vel liiteo punctatis, stylis divergentibiis calyce longioribus, seminibus ovato-triquetris punctato-rugosis. DC. — Jacq. Austr. v.5.t. 438. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 310. Don, Saxi/r. in Linn. Trans. V. 13. p. 392. Seringe, in De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. }>• 19. Had. Labrador. Kohlmeister. Dr. Morrison. Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson. Drummond. — The speci- mens differ in no respect from those of Europe. 4. S. scrpyllifoUa ; surculis repentibus, foliis rosulatis imbiicato-reflexis oblongis obtusis in petiolum attenuatis coiiaceis glaberrimis, ciuilc filifornu oligophyllo glanduloso-pubes- cente unifloro, calycibus obtusis ovario non adlia-rentibus, petalis lato-obovatis subtrinerviis. — Pursh, Fl. Am. v.\.p. 310. Don, Saxifr. in Linn. 2'rans. v. 13. p. 405. De Cand. Prodr. V. 4. p. 25. — S. Fisclieri. Seringe, in De Cand. Prodr. v. i.p. 22. — S. EschschoUzii. Cham, in Liu. (fide Seringe.) — S. planifolia. Cham, in Herb, nostr. — S. bicolor. Sternb. in Herb, noatr. 2 H 2 ".f'i HAXIFRAUEii;. [Sa-rifrai/a. Has. C«|Mt Newnhun. David NeUon, Behrinfr'f StniU. Mr. Memiei. Unaluchka. Chamiiio. — Thii iip«ciei( luti had the mwfortiiiie to receive voriuiu luuniM, and, iiideetl, to the above list may Im added S. diapeiuioiile» of FiMuher, ouconliii); to Mr. 8«spitosa, foliis tri-quinquefulis suprcinis liiicaribus integris glaiiduloso- puliesccntibus segmeiitis lato-linearibus obtusis niuticis, caulibus floriferis sparse fuliosis pul)c'scenti-glandulosis uiii-tri-HoriK, ovario calycis pubescentis tubo ndliscrentc, pctulis obovatis triiicrviis caljce diiplo lungioribus. — «. ccespitosa ; caulibus bi-tri-Huris. — S. ctespi- tosa. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 578. Gmin. Fl. Norv. t. 7. /. 3. 4. Don, Sa.riJ'r. in Linn. Trans. V. 13. p. 428. Purahy Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 312.— S. Gra'nimidica. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 578. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 27. — /3. uniflora; cniilil)us uniflnris. S. uiiiflora. Br. in Parry'a \st Voy. App. Sp. cclxxiv. (noii Sternberg.) — S. csespitosa. Engl. Dot. t. 794. Seringe, in De Cand. Prodr. V. 4. p. 27. — S. csospitosa viir. vulgo S. Granilandica. Gunn. Fl. Norv. t. 7. /. 1. — S. venosa. Haw. Enum. Saxifr. p. 28 ? IIab. North-West coast of America. Pursh,in Herb. Banks. Kotiebue'ii Sound, Mfssrs. Lay and CoHit in Captain Beechei/'s Voyage. Arctic iSea-shore. Dr. liicharilson. — ^. Arctic Islands. Captain Sir E. Parri/, Captain Sahine. — We refrain from quotinj; many synonyms under this and the follow in)r xpecicH of Saxi- fraga, because of the frreat difficulty of ascertaining them correctly. Though we believe tliciu to be truly distinct, and though they are readily distinguished by the eye, yet it seems hardly possible to define tiieir churacterx in words. The present has a stouter habit than S. exarata; the leaves are broader, and, what appears to us the most constant character, the flowers (fewer in number) are of a much larger size. In almost all our specimens the up|ier part of the stem, and especially the calyx, assume a dark purple or frequently sooty colour, which appearance u well represented in (iunner's tigures, above quoted, 8. S, exarata ; csspitosa, foliis tri-quinqueiidis siipremis liiicaribus integris glaiiduloso- pul)esceiitibus segmentis linearibus acutiusculis, caulibus floriferis gracilibus sparse foliosis Saxijtaga.] ttAXIFRAOE^. 94A tri-quinqiiefloris floribuH (pnrvlit) corynil)08o-ruceinn!iiK, ovario calycis pube*CGnt!i4 tiilK* mlhtererite, pctali.s oUiviitis trincrviii) ciilycc vix duplo longiorilniii. — yUl. Daiiph, i\ 3. p. 674. /. 4i. />>«, Sax{fr. in Linn. Trans, v. 13, p. 432. Seringe, in Jk Caml. Prinlr. V. 4. p. 27. — S. nervosa. Lapeyr. — Skrnh. Rev. Sax(fr. p. 52. FIaii. Prequont upon tlio Ilooky Mountainx ketwHen Lititude« .52° and HO", Dnimmond.—Thit entirely AKToei with our Europtenn Rpecimeni of thi« plant, and we have, under the precedinjif iiper»',iB obtu.sis pctulis olwvntis trincrviis culyccru duplu cxccdcntibus. — /3. un{flc,('. S. i ''lenilloni. Cham, in Herb, nostr. Hab. Behrin){'N Straitfi, A, Menxies, Enq. — This specieii dlffem considerably from ai \ wrtli n'i(cli wo are acquainted. Itx influrencent'e a good deal renemblex that of i*^. fii/pnoiilea, but iU folio;';.: 'c <|i'.tbo;, i'juixfth if Hp'hh not appear to bo any whore published. It has indeed been referred iucorr>".';>;>, m the Pr:taii/ u' {/'apViiit Beechey's Voyage, to S, caipitosa. 10. S.petraa; annua, gland uloso-pilosa, foliis cnrnosis frilobis, radicii'.ibuscordu'ii;, loois incLsis sublongc petiolatis, caulinis subeuneatis, supremis indivisis, ptdunculis ovnriisfpu, inferis glanduloso-hispidis, laciniis cnlycinis oblongis erectis, petJilis obo\it,.s letusis.- .L''»n. Sp. PL p. 5t8. Jacq. Ic. Bar. v. 1. 1, 81. Don, Saxifr. in I. inn. Trat<-<. v. 13. p, 44A. Seringe, in De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 34. Hook, in Dot. Mag. t. 3026. — S. rupfistris. /K iM, Sp. PL V. 2. p. 653.— S. PontB. Slernb. Saxifr. p. 47. t. 18. ett.U./.^. IIai). Alpine Rivulets upon the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. 11. S. Laurentiana ; multiceps, foliis radicalibus longe petiolatis reniformibus 5- 7-k>Lutu- crenatis longitudinaliter reticulato-venosis glubris, cnulibus et ^jedunculis pilis longis intri- catis onustis, floribus paucis subcapitatis, bracteis .3-5-loOato-crenatis subinvolucratis, lobis calycis ovatis obtusis corolla brevioribus, petalis medium versus trinerviis. DC, - -Seringe, in De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 35. Haii. IsUnd of St. Lawrence, in Bchring'3 Straits, between Asia and America. Chammo. 12. S.exilis; ctespitosa, radiculis capillaribus, foliis radicalibus jni]Dm»o-r>-lo')i- pcti.)Ui- tis, caulinis linearibus integris, peUdis obovato-oblongis calyce 5-fido multo longioriLus. DC. — Steph, in Sternb. Rev. Saxifr. SuppL p. 8. t. 8. f. i. Seringt, in Dt Cand. Prodr. v. 4. />. 35. Hab. Kotzebue's Sound. {Fischer in De Cand. Prodr.)—J',\.y uot tlois be a B(at« of iS. cemua? We |K>sses8 no authentic specimens, aud judgt. only frum Sterxl srg's figure. 13. S. cemua ; glabriuscula non gli'tinosd ci.ule debili ramoso vel simplici, foliis inferi- oribus reniformibus late dentatis med'is su;)erioribusque bulbillos (abortu florum) gerentibus, ■:!\i' 1 -W 'aB-^ M 24(i SAXIFKAGEiE. [Saxifraga, Horc ssepe subsolitario terminal! pendulo, opnlis oblongo-lanceolatis inter se vix coalitis, petjilis oboviito-oblongis vel obovnto-retusis cu jce longioribus stylis imperfectis defonnutis. DC— Linn. Sp. PL p. 577. F!. Lapp. t. 2. f. 4. Engl. Dot. t. 664.. Don, Saxifr. in Linn. Trans, v. 13. p. 36 1. Seringe, in De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 36. Haii. Arctic 8ea-Khorc and Inlands, abundant, where it was found by all the Arctic travellers. Common on the llooky Mountaiui*. Drummond. Kotzebuo's Sound. Messrs. Lay and Collie in Captain BeecAet/'a Voyuije. — The specimens from the Rocky Mountains arc more leafy, especially on the stem amonjrst the bulbs, wliich are very numerous. It. S. Sibirica; ciiule filiforini adscenilente debili, foliis radiculibus renifonnibus palinii- tis pctiolatis 7-lobi.s pilosulis, lobis ovatis, caulinis sessilibus, pcdiniculis elongutis nudis, lohis ciilycis ovato-lineiiribus striiitis glabris, petulis cuneato-i)bovatis, stylis ovario breviori- hus. DC— Linn. Sp. PI. p. 577. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 313. Sternb. Rev. Saxifr. p. 23. li 57. t. 25. Don, Saxifr. in Linn. 2'rans. v. 13. ;;. 366. Seringe, in De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. j>. 3(5. FIah. Labrador and Newfoundland, (in Herb, Banks, lide Pursh.) 15. S. rivularis; pygnisea, caulc debili adscendente, foliis radicalibus subrenifoiTnibus (.M-eiiuto-lobatis, petiolis basi dilatatis, superiuribus subintcgris lanceolntis, lobis culycis ovatis latis tubiim aeqimntibus dein brevioribus, petalis ovatis calyce vix longioribus, stigmatibus i,'loI)os()-depressis, capsula crassa calycem valde exccdente stylis divergentibus brevissiinis (oionata. DC— Linn. Sp. PI. p. 577. Fl. Lapp. t. 2. f. 1. Engl. Bot. t. 2275. Sternb. liev. Saxifr. p. 19. t. \2.f. 3. Don, Saxifr. in Linn. Trans, v. 13./). 367. Seringe, in De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 37. — /3. hyperborea; caiile lannto siibbifloro. S. hyperljorea. By. in Parry's \st Voy. App. p. cclxxiv. Scringe, in De Cand. Prodr, v. 4. p. 37. ll.ui. Labrador. Chataux in Herb. Banks. Arctic Sea-shore and Islands, abundant. Kotzcbuc's Sound. Mfssrs. Lay awl Collie in Captain Beechey's Voyaije. Elevated phices in the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. 16. S. nutans; cicspitosa, caule unifoliato, raccino niitante paucifloro, foliis radicidibus loiiil'onnibus longe petiolatis grossc inciso-deutatis pilis rigidis brevibus adpressis onustis, pedicellis brevibus calyceque piloso-glandulosis, lobis calycis lanceolatis acutis triiierviis petalir oliovatis tripiincrviis, nervis flexuosis raniosissiniis. DC. — Don, Saxifr. in Linn. Trans, v. 13. p. 368. Seringe, in De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 37. Had. UnalaKchka. David Nelson, in Herb. Banks. 17. 5. ranunculifolia ; subglanduloso-pubcscens gracilis, foliis inforioribiis longissime petiolatis renifonnibus tripartitis segmentis lato-cuneatis inciso-lobatis, caulinis paucis, fioribus oorynibosis pentandris, petalis olxjvatis culyce acuto glanduloso duplo longioribus. (Tab. LXXXIII.) Radix \it vidctur percnnis, fibrosa. Caulis subpcdalis, frracilis, crectus, flexuosug. Folia inferiora Ion- ^rissinic petiulata, petiolis radicalibus ad basin bulbiferis, vix unciam lonpi, duas uncias fore lata, circumscrip- tioiie reraiforriUH, profiiude tri|inrtitji, vcnosa, nienibranacea; sejjmentis hitc obovato-cuneatis, bi-trilobis, iucisis ; Caulim! paiica, sensim minoni, tritidn, petiolo latissimo dilatato, Suprema minuta, obloiif^, intc- ifcrriraa, bracteiComiia. Punicula temiinalis, compacta, corymbosa. Flares albi, maj^nitudiuc S. stel/aris. Calyx Kcnii-supt'ius, cxtus ^rluuduiosus, se, integerrimie. Pedicelli breves calycesque pxirpurei dense glandulosi. Cali/x campanulatus, tubo ovato infeme cum ovario ndhserento, laciniis ovatis acutiusculis erccto-patentibus intus etiam glandulosis, Petala spathulata, valde acuta, segmentis calycinis vix longiora, patcntia, purpiu-- ascentia, obscure venosa. Stamina decern : filamenta brevia. Antherai oblongte, pubesceutes, vix filamcntis longiores. Pistillum basi soliunmodo calyci accretum. Styli crocto-patentes. Had. Dry rocky situations upon the more elevated of the Rocky Mountains. J)ri,mmond. — S. Jamesii is certainly amongst the most beautiful of its tribe, and appears to have been seen in a growing state by no other Botanists except Dr. James and Mr. Drummoud ; the former found it in more southern latitudes upon the same ridge of mountains, and it has been well characterised by Dr. Torrey in the work above quoted. Its affinity is unquestionably with S. Richardsonii • it has the same habit, nearly the same foliage, and similarly acute petals, but the whole phtnt is much : jailer ; its more copious glands are almost entirely confined to the racemes and calyces ; the petals are smallei', more decidedly unguiculate, the stamens double in number, and the anthers are oblong. Tau. LXXXIV. Saxifraga Jamesii. Fig. 1. Flower; fig. 2, The same, more expanded; ^f/. 3, Petal; fig. 4, Flower laid open, the petals only being removed jyf(7.5,Flower with young fruit; ^(/.C, Pistil: — magnified. 19. S. Richardsonii; caule glanduloso folioso superne pubescente, foliis longe petiolatis orbiculari-cordatis crenato-lobatis venosis margine venisque subtus glandidosis, glandulis pedicellatis, racemis compositis subspiciformibus, bracteis lanceolatis pedicellisquc glandu- losis, petalis obovato-ellipiiois brevi-ungiiiculatis acutissimis nervosis segmenta calycina acuminata subduplo superantibus staminibus 5. — S. Nelsoniana. Hook, et Am. in Dot. of Beech. Voy. p. \2i.t. 29. (non Pi.rsh.) Had. Arctic Sea-shore between the Mackenzie and Copper-Mine Rivers, (not Rocky Mountains, as stated by mistake in the " Botany of Bcechey's Voyage.") Dr. Riclutrdson. Kotsebue's Sound. Missrs. Lai/ and Collie. — This truly handsome plant, the finest of the genus with which wo ai-o acquainted, luid meriting the name of'pidcherrima species," we are now satisfied is quite different from the & Nelsoniana of Mr. Don ; which, however, we regret to say, we still know only from description. It is, initeed, in habit, in the presence of copious gknds, and more especially in the extremely acute petals, unlike any of the species of the genus, except the preceding, 5. Jamesii; and the two might lorm a distinct little groupe. ta 2i8 SAXIFRAGEiE. [Saxifraga. Sect. IV. Micranthes. Tausch. — Seringe, in De Cand. Prodr. 20. S. nivalis; foliis ovatis obovatisve coriaceis crenatis in petiolum latum attenuatis, seapo nudo, floribus capitatis sessilibus, capitiilis rarius ramosis, ovario seminifcro, scgmenti.s calycinis erectis obtusis, petalis persistentibus obovatis albis calyce vix dimidio longioribus. — a. floribus dense capitatis. Linn. Sp. PL p. 573. Engl. Sot. t. 440. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 310. Br. in Parry's 2d Voy. App. p. cclxxv. Don, Saxifr. in Linn. Trans, v. 13. p. 387. Seringe, in De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 38. — /3. capitulis laxis ramosis. Hab. Arctic Sea-ahore and Islands, abundant. Rocky Mountains. JDrummond. Labrador and Canada. (Pursh.) — The American specimens of this plant, it must be acknowledged, are very variable, and in many instances so closely approach some of the varieties of the following; species, that we find it difficult to disjtinjj^iish them. The present is best recognised by its stiff and rigid habit, by the broad persistent petabi, which, remaining amongst the deep purple capsules, form a singular contrast with them. Mr. Brown observes, that the S. lonijiscapa of Don, scarcely differs from the variety of iS. nivalis with a simple few- ilowered corymb, figured by Linmeus in the Flora LappouicA, (t. 2. f. A.) 21. "i?. •vernalis ; foliis oblongis obovatisve subniembranaceis nen'osis profunde crenato- dentatis in petiolum latum attenuatis, scapo nudo, floribus paniculato-corymbosis ovario t'ere omnino supero, segmentis calycinis erectis obtusis, petalis oblongo-obovatis calyce plus- quam duplo longioribus. — a, floribus laxe paniculatis, scapo longiore. — S. vernalis. Willd. Ilort. Berol. t. 43. Bigcl. FL Bost. p. 177.— S. Virginiensis. Torrey, Fl. Un. St. v. 1. p. 44. — ^. floribus compactis subtliyrsoideis. — y. gracilis, corymbo laxo subpaucifloro. — S. olongata. Sternb. Saxifr. p. 9. t. 4. Uaii. a. and y. Canada, and to the Mountains. Lady Dalhousie. W. Sheppard, Esq. Dr. Richardson. Drummond. — ». On the Columbia, and from Fort Vancouver to the Kettle Falls. Douglas. — /3. Saskat- chawan. Dr. Richardson and Mr. Drummond. Canada. W. Shejipard, Esq. Mrs. Perceval. — Although Willdenow, in describing his iS. vernalis, considered it to be identical with the i, Saxifr. in Linn. Trans, v. 13. p. 386. Seringe, in De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. />. 39. Hah. Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson and Drwmnond. Near Montreal. Dr. Holmes, — Tliis we consi- der, from Michaux's description, to be his S. Virginiensis, and there is something so remarkable in the arrangement of the flowers n|K>n the panicle, resembling that of Ptnthorium sedoides, that M'e cannot at present but consirler it to be distinct from S. vernalis. Future observations, however, may prove it to be a variety. It appears to have been found very sparingly during Captain Sir John Franklin's journey, and only upon the Sitskatchawnn. We have received it from the United States, in two or three instances and from (.'aniidi' mixed with 6^ vernalis. Scuifraga.] SAXIFRAOEiE. 249 23. S. rejlexa ; cano-pubescens, foliis ovntis subcoriaceis opacis inciso-serratis in petiolum attenuatis, scapo niido, panicula glaborrima compacta connibosa, petalis obovatis bimacii- latis calyce reflexo obtuso vix dup!a loiigioribus, filameinis plurimis alwrtivis tlihitjitis petaloideis, ovario libero. (Tab. LXXXV.) Had. Shores of the Arctic Sea, between the Mackenzie and Coppermine Rivers, Dr. Richardson. — Together with the harsh and rigid foliage of iS. nivalis, the present species has a panicle more resembling that of ciicd capsules, which latter have the styles singularly patent, and even recurved. The stigmas are capitate. Tail LXXXVI. S. integrifolia. Fig. I, Flower; fg. 2, The same, fully expanded; fg. 3, Petal; fg. +, Pistil; Jig. 5, Fruit: — magnijied. 2.5. S. liicraciifolia ; scujio stricto subpiloso, foliis petiolatis obovato-spathuiatis repando- dentatis ciiiatis coriaceis, (ioribus spicatis subsessilibus calycis, lobis ovatis latis tiibi longitii- dine, petalis ovatis riil)eUis niarcescentibus, calycem vix sequantibus, filamentis purpureis, ciipsula proniinciitc purpurea, carpellis apice divaricatis, stylis brevissimis, stigmatibus subliemisphiericis. JJC, — Waidst, et Kit. PI. Bar. Hung, v, 1. p. 17. t. 18. Stemb. Rev, Sn.vif.p. 9. (i Siipp/.p.5. Don Saxifr. in Linn. Trans, v. \3.p. 383. Scringe, in De Cand. Prodr. V. \. p. 39. — IS. plantaginifolia. Hook, in Parry's 2d Voy. App. p. cccxciv. Hah. Arctic Islands. Capt. Sir E. Parry. Shores of the Arctic Sea, between the Mackenzie and < lo)>permine Rivers. Dr. Richardson. — The figure iu Waldstein and Kitaibel is a very excellent represcnfji- tiou (tliough rather luxuriant) of our Arctic specimens. It is a species, indeed, which appears exactly inter- mediate between S. Pennsyhanica and S. nivalis, more, however, allied to the former. 26. S. Pennsyhanica; caulc stricto striato, striis numerosis parvis, foliis in petiolum attenuatis obovato-spatluilatis deiitatis ciiiatis obtusis flaccidis pilosis non punctato-rugosis, iloribus paniculato-coryinbosis, lobis calycis ovato-lanccolatis tubo multo longioribus, petalis vol.. 1. ) \ 'ji.S m :'m 950 SAXIFRAGES. [Saxifraifa. ungiistissimis flavidis cnlyce longioribus, stiginatibus globosis, ovariis depresso-subiliscoideis, capsulis latis brevibiis, stylis minimis abrupte divergentibus. DC, — Linn. Sp. PL p. 571. Mich. Fl. Am. v. \. p. 269. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. \.p. 211. Biffel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 177. Torrey, Fl, of Un. St. v. 1. p, 444. Don, Saxifr. in Linn, Trans, v. 13. p. 384. Seringe, in De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 39.— Dill. Elth. t. 253./. 328. Had. Canada. (LimuBUs.) — We have never seen specimens of this pknt ourselves from British North America, and only give it as a native upon the authority of Linnieus. 27. S. Dahurica ; glaberrima, foliis cuneato-flabellifurmibus in petiolum decurrentibus superne profunde inciso-dentatis, scapis aphyllis laxe paniculatis bracteatis, bracteis linearibus integerrimis, petalis bipunctatis obovatis calyce reflexo subduplo longioribus, filanientis sa;pe petaloideis. — Pall. Itin. ed. Gall, p. 647. t, 32. et, 33./ 1. Don, Saxifr. in Linn. Trans, v. 13. p. 388. Sternb. Bev. Saxifr. Suppl. t. b.f. 2. Seringe, in De Cand. Prodr. v.'i. p. 38. Hook, et Am. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. v. 1. p. 124. Hab. Behringf's Straits. Mr. Menzies. Alpine rivulets of the Rocky Mountains, between latitudes 52° andj6°. Drummond. Kotzebue's Sound. Lnyand CoUiein Capt.Beechey'a Voyage. — The broadly cuneate, or rather flabelliform outline of the foliage of S. Dahurica is very remarkable. Our specimens exactly corres- pond with Pallas' figure, and equally with that of Sternberg' above quoted. M'e possess specimens from (^liamisso which he gathered in tlie Bay of St. Lawrence. Sect. V. Arabidia. Tausch. — Seringe, in De Cand. Prodr. 28. S. leucanthemifolia ; pubescenti-viscosa, foiiis radicalibus oblongo-cuneatis inferne attcnuntis gros»>e inciso-serravis, scapo niido, panicula ampla luxa raniosa ramis diviiicatis, pediceliis capillaribus, petalis insequnlibus unguiculatis tribus niajoribus bipunctatis. — Mich, Am. V. 1. p. 268. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. j9. 311. Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 2959. Don, Saxifr. in Linn. Trans, v. 13. p. 358. — S. Clusii. Seringe, in De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. /;. 40. Gonan. III. p, 28. (fide Seringe,) excl. mult. syn. — S. ferruginea, Graham, in ed. Phil. Journ. July, 1828. p. 348. — /3. tola pul)escenti-tomentosa. Hab. Behring's Straits. A. Menzies, Esq. Hocks on the " Height of Land," in the Rocky Mountains, and at the Portage, near the source of the Columbia. Drummond. fi. Dundas Inland, in (jueeu Charlotte's Sound; North -West coast of America. Dr. Scouler. — The specimens gsithered by Mr. Drummond on the RiH'ky Mountains are iu a very advanced and imperfect state; but seeds which he brought to Europe have ilourishod in the Botanic Gardens of Edinburgh and Glasgow, and from the former the specimens were derived which were figured in the Botanical Magazine, 29. S. stellaris; glabriuscula, caule firmulo vix striato, foliis obovato-cuneiformibus in petiolum bievem desinentibus crassiusculis dentatis, bracteis linearibus, floribus corymboso- paniculatis, pedunculis longis filiformibus rigidulis adscendentibus piios longos raros geren- tibus, petalis oblongis acutis, capsulis subvesiculosis nervosis, stylis brevissimis divergentibus, seminibus ovato-globosis fuscis. DC. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 572. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 310. Engl. Bot. t. 167. Seringe, in De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 40. Hab. Lal)rador. Kohlmeister. Dr. Morrison. Also in Canada, according to Pursh. — We consider it doubtful if the true Saxifratfa stellaris has been found any where in North America, ex<'ept at Labrador. From Canada we have never seen specimens, though stated to have been found there by Kohlmeister, Sazifraga.'\ SAXIFRAGES. 251 according to Mr. Pursli. In the Arctic blands, the S. foliosa of Brown seems to occupy its place, and upon the Uocky Mountains, and on the North-West coast, the & leucanthemifolia. 30. S. foliolosa; fuliis rndiculibus cuneatis subdentatis, (scapis divisis), rainis apice unifloris intra tectis foliolis nanis fasciculutis, culycibus inferis obovutis, pctiilorum luciniis cordnto-lanceolatis. Br. — Drown, in Parry's \st Voy. App.p. cclxxv. — S.stellaris. y. Linn. Ft. Lapp. ed. Sm. p. 144. t. 2. f. 3.— S. stellaris. /3. carnosa. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 2. p. 644. Seringe, in De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 40. Had. Arctic Isknds. Capt. Sir E. Parry. Mr. Edwards. Capt. Sabine, — How far this may be entitled to rank as a permanently distinct species, we are not able to say. In habit it has many points of agreement with S. stellaris, yet we have seen no specimens approaching so near to that plant as to render it by any means difficult to distinguish them. On the continent of North America it does not appear to liavc been found, but it has been detected as far north as Spitzbergcn, Sect. VI. Hydatica. Tausch. — Seringe, in De Cand. Prodr. 31. S. spicata; subpubescens, foliis radicalibus longe petiolatis orbiculari-cordatis grosse acute serratis, petiolo superne dilatato, scapo nudo, racemo subcoinposito elongato spiciformi, ovariis liberis, calycibus reflexis. — Don, Sarifr. in Linn. Trans, v. 13. p. 354. Seringe, in De Cand, Prodr. v. 4. p. 41. — S. Geum, Pursh, Ft. Am. v. 1. p. 311. (non Linn.) Haii. Sledge Island, on the North-West coast of America. David Nelson, (in Herb. Banks.) Behring's Straits, A. Menzies, Esq. 32. S. punctata ; foliis radicalibus longe petiolatis reniformi-cordatis rotundatis mem- branaceis pilosis reticulatis profunde grosse aequaliter dentatis immarginatis, dentibus mtegris discretis (plerumque) acutis, scapo nudo, floribus (parvis) panicidatis, panicida glandulosa bracteata, bracteis minutis linearibus, fialmentis ssepissinic nbortivis petuloideis, calyce reflexo. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 574. Stemb. Sarifr. Siippl. p. 7. t. 4. Sm. in lices' Cycl. Ledeb. Fl. Alt. v. 2. p. 118. Hook, et Am. Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 114— S. liirsuta, 3. punctata, Seringe, in De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 42. — S. gracilis. Stemb. Saxi/r. Svppl. p. 7. t. b.f. 1. — S. JEStivalis. Fisch. in Herb, nostr. Gmel. Fl. Sib. v. 4. p. 161. /. 65./ 1. Hah. Summits of the Rocky Mountains, between latitudes 52° and 5C°. Drummond. — This exactly accords with our specimens from Capt. Becchey's Voyage, and those gatliered by Chamisso in Kamtschatka, as well iiK others sent us by Dr. Fischer from the Altaic Mountains. 33. .S. Nclsoniana; subcsespitosa, scapo siniplicissimo villis longis mollibus undique tecto, tiiyrso ovuto, foliis orbiculato-cordatis subpcltatis inciso-serratis subtus hirsutis, petioiis ioiigissiniis filiformibu.s, scpalis triangulari-ovatis acutis, petalis ovalibus parvis albis. DC. — Don, Saxi/r. in Linn. Trans, v. 13. p. 355. (nor Hook, et Am. ) Seringe in De Cand. Prodr. r. 4. p. 41. Hab. t'ape Newnham, on the North -West coast of America. David Nelson, (in Herb. Hanks.) — Upon comparing their specimens of S. Nelsoniana, described in the Botany of t'apt. Ueechey's Voyage, the autlioni now ht'sitjite in considering it the same with the plant so named by Mr. Don ; hence we have excluded that synonym, and their plant will be here found described under the name of ..S. Itichardsoitii. 34. S. aryuta ; scapo glabro, panicula siniplicissinia, foliis rcuifurnii-rotundatis inciso- 2 I -2 858 SAXIFRAOEiE. [Saxifraga. scrratis glabris, petiolis filiforinibus, scpalis oblongis acutis, petalis ovatis multinerviis pistillis brevissimis. DC. — Don, Saxifr. in Linn. Trans, v. 13. p. 356. Seringe, in De Cam/. Prodr. v. 4. p. 40. Had. North -West coast of America. Mr. Menzies. — " Panicula ximplicissima. Flores albi magnitudine S. utel/arit. PetaJa ovolia iinguiculata, miiltinervosa, punctata ? Pistilla brevissima." 35. S. nudicaulis; scapo erecto nuilo tercti, foliis remifurmibus palmatis glabris, lobis ovntis mucronatis, floribus paniculntis, lobis calycis triangulari-ovatis acutis, petalis obovatis calyce paiilo longioribus. DC. — Don, Saxifr. in Linn. Trans, v. 13. p. 37. Seringe, in De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 37. — S. gracilis. Steph. in Sternb. Rev. Saxifr. Suppl. p. 7. t. 5.f. 1. Hab. North -West coast of Amercia. David kelson. Behring's Straits. A. Menzies, Esq. — Judging of this from the specimens we have received from Mr. Menzies, it appears to be very closely allied to small states of S. punctata, and almost exactly to resemble S, gracilis of Ste])han, above quoted. 36. S. hcterantha; subpiibescens, foliis radicuHbus longe petiolatis renifurmi-cordatis niembranaceis venosis inulti-lobatis, lobis breviusculis subtridentatis, dentibus acutis muticis, .scapo nudo, floribus paniculatis sospe abortivis, filamentis aliis clavatis aliis petaliibrinibus, ovario libero, calycibus reflexis, ramis non raro inferne bulbiferis. (Tab. LXXVIII. B.) Radix perennis, fibrosa, tota planta pubescens. Folia omnia radicalia, longe pctiolata, cordato-reniformiu sinu profundo, menibranacea, vcuosa, multi-lobata; lobis rotundatis, plenimque trideutatis, dentibus acutis. Petioli digitales et ultra, gnu'iles, erecti, basi longe membranaceo-vaginati. Scapus solitarius, spithamieus ft ultra, gracilis, niidus, superne paniculatus. Panicula oblouga, vel ovato-oblonga, loxa; rami iionunquam eluugati, et tunc partem versus inferiorem bulbiferi, bulbis sen gemmis in rosulam dispositi, ovati, oblongi, Kivpissirae ad apiceni, ut videtur, lacerati. Calyx quinque-partitus, luciniis oblongis, obtusis, cito reflexis. Pelala oblunga, obtiisa, venosa calyce subduplo longiora. Flores plurimi, abortivi. Stamina numeru incerta, nonunquam omnia imperfecta, Akmentis filiformibus i nonunquam, ut videtur, perfecta, filamentis clavatis ; quandoque filamentn petaloidea antheris nuUis. Ovarium omnino liberum, subrotundum, stylis brevibus erecto.. 45. Torrey, PL of Rocky Mount in Ann. Lye. N, York. p. 203. — S. aspera. " Bieb. FL Taur. Caucas. v. 1. p. 314. (excl. syn)." — S. myosotifolia. Pall, in Spreng. Syst. Veget. v. 2. p. 364? {Ledeh.) — ^. caule sub-1-floro, ovario basi adhaerente, laciniis calycinis ovatis. — S. flagellaris. Br. in Ross' Voy. ed. 2. v. 2. p. 192. Don, in Linn. Trans, v. 13. p, 373. Br. in Parry's 1st Voy. App. p. cclxxiii. Hook, et Am. in Bot, of Beech. Voy. v. I. p. 154. — S. setigera. Pursh, FL Am. v. 1. p. 312. " Radix pcrpendicukris, fibras longos subsimplices demittensy elevans caulem uuicum, siinpliuissimum, i2-4-uuciaIem, fuliatum, pubescentcm, pilis brcvibus strictis purpureo-oapitutis, sursum trebrioribus, basi demum gbibratum. Folia iudivisa, radicalia et caulina inferiora coufcrtissiraa, patentia, siiperiora sparsa : radicalia cuneato-obovata et subspathulata, acutiuscuk, plana, basi an^ustata in pctiolum brovcm latiuscu- Itim, immerse nervosa, nervis lateralibus dichotomis ramis interioribus iu extimum mar^ni folii approxima- tum desinentibus, apicibus mox infra apicem folii confluentibus, ibique callo subovali in pagina superiore parum elevato aucta, marginibus longitudinaliter ciliatis, pilis subulatis strictis rigiduUs brevibus albicautibus, capitulo glanduloso purpurascente demum dcciduo apiculatis, terminal! dilatato pariter apiculato ; caulina inferiora conferta, radicalibus subsimiUa figura, ciliis marginalibus et pagiuis glabris ; superiora sparsa, paulo minora, oblonga, acutiuscula, basi vix attcnuata, subsessilia, utraque pagina marginibusque pilis brcvibus glanduloso-capitatis iisquo calycis et caulis simillbus. Flagella ex alis foliorum radicalium et inferiorum caulis solitoria, filiformia, 3-5-uncias longa, angulato vel anguste marginata, arcuato-deflexa, pilis glandulosis rarissimis conspersa, aphylla, apice sobolifera : gemmula parva, turbinata, e foliolis nauis numcrosis conni- ventibus, arete imbricatis, obovatis acutiusculis, immerse nervosis, glabris, marginibus ciliis nonuullis brcvi- bus ornatis ; et in ipsa basi radiculis 2-3 simplicibus singulis e vagina (colearliiza) membranacea, primo rlausadein lacerataerumpentibus." Br. — Flores tenninales, erecti,plcrumquc solitariiiu »., 1-5 in /3., pedicellati, majusculi, aurci, specissi. Pedkelli lateralcs, sen exteriores, bracteati. Calyx dense glanduloso-pubescens, sa>pe purpureas, iu ». ^-sepahis, omnino liberus, sepalis oblongis ; in /3. monophyllus CArapanulatus, tubo cum basi ovarii adha>rcnte, laciniis eroctis ovatis obtusis. Petala clliptica seu obovata, obtnsa, patentia, sessilia, nervosa, nervis subdichotome ramosis. Stamina 10, longitudine fere pistilli. Filamenta subulata, erecto- patcntia, basibus approximatis fere connexis. Antherm subcordat»>, bilobie, flavsp, deciduie, loculis a])positi8, basi divaricatis. Ovarium, in a., liberum sen omnino superum ; in /3. basi cum calycis tubo adhsercnte, late ovatum, subcorapressuin, utrinque sulcatum, stylis vel rostris 2 brevibus, erecto-patcntibus terminatuni. Stij/mata crassa, obtusa. Capsula pistillo simillima sed major, calyce coroUaque submarccscente fiiamcntis- nu Transactions,* that this most remarkable plant was tirxt discovered, according to Mr. Don, at C'upe Newnhum, on the North- West coast of America, by Mr. Nelson, during Captain Cook's third voyage; and his specimens still exist in the Banksian Collection. Mr. Don farther observes, tliat Pursh, who named the plant attigera after those individuals, is wrong in stating the flower to be small and white, which is indeed (juite ut variance with the true character, for the blossoms are hirgc and yellow. Dr. Adams found it upon the Caucasian Alps ; and both in Baffin's Bay and in Melville Island this species is tolerably abundant ; and so familiar was its appearance to the sailors of those expeditions, that they gave it the very appropriate name of Spider Plant. Upon the Rocky Mountnins it has probably an extensive range, as Dr. James met with it in a lati- tude for south of the sources of tlie Columbia. We find a remarkable difference between our Arctic Sea- shore and Island specimens, and those from the Rocky Mountains of the interior; the former having almoxt universally a single-flowered stem, nn ovary partly inferior ond broad calycine segments ; while the hitter have several flowers on the stem, a free ovary, and narrow sepals or at least a deeply 5-p:irtite cnlyx ; and appearing to correspond in almost very |iarticubtr with the Europtean state of the plant, as tiir as can be judged by the figure of Sternberg ; still we have only considered the two as varieties. Tab. LXXXVII. A. A. S. flogelhiris, ». and B. B. S. flagellaris. /3. luitural size. Fiij. I, Leaf; Jitja. 2, 3, Flowers of var. «. ; Jig. +, Flower of var. /3. ; Jig, 5, Fruit of var. «. surrounded by the floral <'ovoring : — natural size. Fig, 6, the same, the petals being removed; Jig. 7, Transverse section of the capsule; Jig, B, Seeds : — more or less magnijied. 39. S. bronchia/is; caulc atlsccndentc tenui, rnniulis brevibus evolventibu.s, foliis subcori- aceis lineuribus tcnuissiine ciliutis niucronatisque, floribus paiiiculato-siibcorymbosis vel solitariis, peduiiculis longis debilibus, sepalis lanceolatis acutiusculis, petnlis obovato- ublongis punctis numerosis croceis notatis calyce longioribus, stylis stigmatibusque per unthesin convergentibiis. DC. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 572. Steriih. J!ev. Sa.ri/r. p. 13. t. 10. Don, Saxifr. in Linn. Trans, v, 13. p. 376. Scringe, in De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 47. Hab. North -West coast of America. David Nelson, (in Herb, Banks,) Behring's Straits. Mr.Menzies. Kotzebue's Sound. Messrs. Lay and Collie, in Captain Beechey's Voyage. " Height of Land," at the Portage of the (Columbia River, on the West side of the Rocky Mountains. Dmmmond. — This is extemely nearly allied to S. tricuspidnta, but destitute of the two lateral segments of the leaves. 40. iS'. tricuspidata ; caule stricto crasso, foliis inferioribiis densis coriaccis oblongis tricuspidatis niargine tcnuissiine ciliatis, apicibus cartilagineo-niucronatis, floribus sub- corymbosis, pedunculis brevibus rigidiusculis, sepalis ovatis subcoriaceis petalis obovato- oblongis albis immaculatis calyce longioribus, capsulis ovoideis in stylis conicis divergentibus ), Section of do. showiii); the embryo ; Jig. 10, Leaf:— all more or less nwi/ntfied. 8. LEPTAKRHENA. /?/-. Caiyx cainpiinulutus brevis quinqucfidus, tubo luto. Stamina tiecein ml orcni tiihi in.wita. Anthero) uniloculares bivalves. Pctala quinqiie liiieares. Pi.sti//a duo, libera, in styluin brevein persistentem attemiata. Stigma obtiisuin. Carpella duo, intus lon^ritudinaliter deliiscenria. Semina scobiformia ad inarginein versus basin valvarum inserta, orecta. — HerbfB hahitufere Pyrolnc locisfrigidiit America; f>orealis. Scapus niitlmi. Flores ravemosn- /lamculati. Folia coriacea jterinnantes integra grosse serrata, petiolis latin raginantilniK, I. L, pyrolijblia ; (Tab. LXXXIX.) Br. in Parry's \st Joy. Sitppl. p. cdwiii. Seringe, ill lie Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 48. — L. amplexifolia. Seringe, in De Cand. Prodr. v, \. p. 48. — J^axifraga pyrolifolia. lion, Saxifr. in Linn. Trans, v. 13. /a 389. — S. amplexifolia. Sternb. Rev. Sa.riJ'r. Suppl. p. 2. t. 2. — S. niicrantlia et S. coriacea. Fischer MSS. (fide Seringe.) Radix perennis, subfuiiiformis, elonjjfatuH, flbrosus. Cmdis brevis, ascendens, simplex vel ad baxin nimosus, duas ail tres uncias lonirus foliosus, petiolis mombranaceis latis omnino tectus. Folia elliptica, obtusa, coriacea, plana, duplicato-serrata, nervosa, nervis obliquis, supnk nitida viridia, subtHs (tallida. Pttioli subunciam longi, insigniter dibitati, canaliculati, snbi^iliati, membranacei, voginati. Scapus spitbameus ad pedalem et ultra, erectus, ri^pdus, foliis parvis vel squamis duabus oblongis serratis instructus, pubescens superne pneuipue. Kacemua compositus, subcorymboso-paniculatus. Floret parvi, inconspicui. Calyx profunde qninquelidus, pubesciMis : Tubus brevis, sejfmentis oblongis, obtusis, orecto-patentibus. Petala linearia, obtusa, vix calycem Muperantia. Slamiiui decem loiigitudine potatorum, quinque petalis et qnin<|ue segmentis calycinis op])Osita, distincta. Filamenla subulata. Anthera subgluboso-tetragonie, dorso aflixa>, uniloculares, bivalves. Piatilla •i, di^itincta, libera. Gennen ovatum, uniloculare, pluri-ovulatum, ovulis lineari-elongatis, erectis, props basin ad marginem valvanun insertis. Styli attenuati, subdivergcntes. Stigmata obtusa. Carj)ella '.i, ol>longo^>vata, stylis attenuatis terminata, intus longitudinaliter debiscentia. Semina non vidimus, sed, (fide 111. Brown,) scobiformia, testa utrin(|ue ultra nucleum ovalem elongate, subulata. IIah. Vaa\»schka.(^David ^^elsoH in Herb. Banks.) Chamisso. Bchring's Strait. Menziet in Herb, nostr. " lleii;ht of Land" on the West side of the Rocky Mountains, in lat. 5^°. Drummond. — The accurate Mr, Broivn distinguished this plant as a genus, in his valuable paper on the plants of Melville Island above quoted ; and it> habit as well as fructification, amply justify bira in so doing. We regret tliat we have not seen perfect seeds. Our specimens from (!hamis80 and Mr. Menzies are in flower, and the only fertile one from Mr. Drummond, though in fruit, has shed its seeds. T\ii. LXXXIX. L. pjTolifulia. Fig. I, Flower ; ./fi/. i. Back view of a stamen; yf//. .'J, Front view of do. ; Jig. +, Pistil; Jig. 5, A pistil kid open to show the insertion of the ovules; Jig. epc obsoletis, intermcdii.s 2 uccretis. Semm ciirinato-com- pressum. — Hcrbm rarius auffniteacentiia, atepiua lenitcs, aquatUcB. Umbellro aimplicta, Involucrum oligophyllum, Flores aesailes aut petlirellati albidi. DC. 1. H. Americana; glaberrima, fuliis orbiculato-rcnitbrmibus sublobutis duplicnto-crenutis 9-ncrviis, iimbellis capitatis 5-floris, supcrioribus subscssilibus, int'erioribus breve peduncu- Itttis. DC— Linn. Sp. PI. p. 234. Rich. Hydroc. n. \9. f. 10. Mich. Am. r. I. p. 162. Pur ah, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. U)0. Elliutt, Carol, v. I. p. 348. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 109. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 303. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 64. Haii. Canada. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. 2. H. vulgaria; foliis peltatis orbiculutis diiplicato-crcnatis 9-nerviis, petiolis apice pilosis, umbellis capitatis subbifloris, fructii basi subciimrginato concolori. DC. — Linn. Sp, PI. p. 338. Engl. Dot. <. 751. Mich Am. v.\.p.\Q\. Elliutt, Carol, v. 1. p. 345. Purah, Fl. Am. V. 1. p. 191. Torrey, Fl. ofUn. St. v. 1. p. 303. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4./>. 59. Haii, Canada. Purah. Trib. II. S.\NicuLE£. Fructua ovato-glolmaua. 2. SANICULA. Linn. Calycis tubua ecbinatus; lobi foliolosi persistentes. Petala erecta conniventia obovata t'inarginato-infracta in lacinulam longitudine petali. Fructua subglobosiis non sponte partibilis. Mericarpia ejugata niultivittata, nculeis uncinatis dense tecta, carpoplioro nullo distincto, seminibus seniiglobosis. — Herbse pereimea. Folia radicalia petiolata palmatito/m, lobia cuneatia apice inciao-dentatia. Caulis nudus aut parcv foliosns, Unibclla gencralia pauciradiata ; 'm\o\\xcr\ foliolia paiicia ao'pe dieisis. V mbcWuhi pluriradiala, involucri foliolia pluribua integris. Flores in eadem ttmbellula maac.faem. aut hermaphr. — DC. 1. S. Marylandica; foliis quinato-digitatis inciso-serratis inferioribus pedatis longe petiolatis, floribus polyganiis, masculis pedicellatis, calycis lobis integris. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 339. Jacq. Ic. liar. t. 348. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 162. Purah, Fl. Am. v. \. p. 191. Bigcl. FL Boat. ed. 2. p. 109. Elliott, Carol, v. \. p. 348. De Cand. Prodr. v. \. p. 84.— S. Canadensis. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 339. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 191. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. /;. 81.. Hau. Tliruii^hout Canada, and as far o-s tliu Haskatohawan. Drummond. Ncwfuundlaud. De la Pylaii: liiululatin« tlin nweiuiity iivt*n iif iuiikiii)( a variety of it; aud tlio Linuviiu i-lmnu'tvr iit <><|unlly itpplivalilu to the oni< on to the otiiitr plniit, 2. .S. Memiisii : rmilescftiM, foliis loti^e jH-tiolutis t'orilatis proi'uiule trifKliti, Ni■^nl(■lltill liiti)-olK)vatis ciiru'utis varie l()l)atis inciso-Ncrratis scrratiiris aciitixsiniis iiiiicronato-ciliatiM. iiinl)olli!t sul)compilhuma'ui< ad i-fS)|iii|i<>diili>tn rt iiltru, fre<:tuii, (ti'ttiix, Muporne Hulipiuiiculatiin nunoHiu. Folia raUtculia «t rauliiin inftrioni loiiffv pctiidata, •■irciimM(;riplioue uordata, prol'uiide triUda, lure tri|mrtitji Hf)(iiieutiM Lite ulMtvatin, obtiiNJH cuiii>atiHvt>, varic lolwiix, int'ifio-iicrratiii, iMH., baiii pl<'riini(|Ut> foliata*. Uiiibrlliilw )(lol)oiiu>, iiiriilut'oilatu', involuiflli AilioliH laiK'tMilatix ariitiN unilifiliilani Hulia'i|uautibiii«. Flore) niaoculi brovisitiine pcdiecllatl : fcnninei aoHhiloR. Fruclits at'iilMitUH, ut in ftcnero. IIar. North-Wewt coast of Amcriui. A. Memien, Esi/. On the bnnlS'. Liberlu of Chjimiiwo in Linnu'a, v. I. p. 'iM, a native of Chili. If it Nhonid prove to be the sjiiue, it had then u very extenaivo ifeojjfraphii'al ran<;e; for that author Ntiites it to be the " S. Afiiry- /rj/i(//»/, of Willilenou''N Ilerbarinm, an llnnib(ililti»n plant, found at Caripe." The Naturalistx of Captain IJcet'hey'N Voyage, (fathered our plant in Californin. Tail XC. S. Menziesii. /V;/. 1 , Flower j X'/- "-^i Fruit : — miirniified. A, S. arvtopioiiks ; subacaiilis, ibliis longe pctiolatis j)rofiintlc 3-pnrtitis, 'aciniis clongato- ctincatis latcralibus l)ifi(lis internit-dio trifido omnibus subciliatu-pitinatifidis, pethinculo tbliis vix longiore, invulucri fuliolls fuliaceis lunccolatis iiiti'gcrrimis umlK'lla compacts simplici loiigioribus. (Tau. XCI.) — Hook, rt Am. in Bot. of Bvcch, Voy. p. 111. IUm. North-West coast of America. A. Mr.nzies, Fsi/. — This plant has very much the appenranco of tlie fieuMs Arrldjmi, the leaves and se^rments of the loaves bein^ curiously pinnatitid at the marffin, with I rowdcd,. acuminated, uneijual teeth. The umbel is nearly simple, and ncarrely rises above the folia|;e. The root is fiibifiinn. Tau. XCI. 8. arctopioides. Fi^. 1, Flower ; yft/. W, Abortive pistil: — muijnified, \. S. bipinnatijida ; caulescrns, fbliis l)ipiiinatifidis iiifurioribus longe [KJtiolatis segnientis reniotis «)lx)vfttis sou obovato-lanceolutis acutis iiitiso-seiratis scrraturis acutissiinis, rncliiilt- iicutissinie dcntata, ptdunculis t-longatis, unibeliis conipositis subproliferis, unil)fHiilis glolwsis. (Tab. XCII.) — IJonf/lm, MSS. Uudii fusiformis. Caulis eroctus, fp^cilis, ramosiLs, ^laber, nt et tota phinta, snhpedalis. Folia bipin- iiatitidii, iiiferiorti et nidiadin Ioiij;c petiolata, pctiolo basi dilntato va^inato ; sej^entis (prinuriis pnp<'ipiie) remotis, obiivatis, olHivato-Linccolatisve, vane lobatis inciHo-sorratis(|uc, serraturis acutissimis. liarhin linearis, profunde tlentata, dentibus horiiontalibus lu^utissiuiis. Folia superiora sessilia, se^raentis omnibus .iiiyustis, acnniinatls. Pcdunruli elonj^ati. Und/ellw snhconiposito!, involucro laciniato, laciniis iua>i|uaIibuK iii'uniiiiatis; r.idiis ^nicilibus non raro proliferis. t/'m6(7/K/c/' ^jlohosa", densillone. Flores j'amincixA videtur, •iessiles. Hab. Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia. Douglas. Dr. Scouler. Tail XCII. S. bipinnatifida. Fiy. I , Male llower ; ^V/. ■^, Female (lower : — mai/nified. Cicti/a.J IJMDF,LLII'I'K;«. »ftU I. KKYNOKIM. Linn. Cal/fiiH tuhUH stiuitiiiulis vi'!ticulit>(|ue lupor, lolii 5 foliolofti. Pelala crcctii coiinivt-iitiu ol))i>ii^()-(>l)<)vatu t'liiar^inato-itirrnctii in liiciiiuliiiii loiigitmliiu- pitali. I'nictiiM sect. Hans siihtcri's obovatus sqiianiatiw tuherculosusvc, mirirnrpiis tjiigatis evittatis scmiUritiltu*., rnr/wphoro pcv totain longitiitliuein sciiiiiiilais mliiato. — Htrba" Sfc/iiun /MrmtirM rt ajtims- iriitis, Fdlia nulicalia tt laulinti (urn jirdoli pim minus viujinuntiii. Florts tii/i/rif/cH in lapitiila subrotiDida nut (ibltmija, Hractca- ii\ftriores utepiua mnjores involucrum corificiiiiltn, iiptiTte nen pnlere iiihrJlDrca mixta. DC. I. /''. petiotntuM ; caulu Nupurni' (licliotoino, fuliisi parallclirn ncrvosisi lanceolatis in |H-tioliini loiigtini attcmiatis renioti^ ciliato-spino.sis siipii'inis anp^uKtis .scssilihiis, invulucri loliolis paleisque subulatis cilinto-spinosis rigidis capitulo glolHKso d'.iplo loiigioribiis. Ham. Mowt Hoilfi nii tlio plains of thtt Multiiotnnk KivtT. Duuijlnii. — Of thin I piMMiKM Itat ono, aud tliut 111) imperft'ct NpHcinitMi ; bat Nafliciont to hIiow tliiit tli« Kpccics is vi-ry (litl'i-ri'iil froni iiiiy with which 1 nni ui'ipiuiat<>(l, and from nay uliicli 1 Had dnHui'ilii'd la IiooI. p. 112. Had. Newfoundland. Dc la Pylaie., (in De Ctind. Prodr.) 8. CARUM. Xoch. Calycis margo obsoletus. Petala regularia obovata emarginata cimi lacinula inflexa. Stylopodium depressum. Styli deflexi. Fructus a latere contractus ovatus aut oblongus. Mericarpia jugis 5 filiformibus sequalibus, lateralibus niargiuantibus. Coinmisaura plana bivittata. Vallecula l-vittatae. Carpophorum liberum apice furcatum. Semen tereti- convexum antice planiusculum. — Herbie gtabrce et sapius perennes. Radix tuberosa edulis. Folia pinnatisecta, segmentis multifidis, Iiivolucrum utrumque varium. Flores albi. DC. 1. C. Cand; radice fusi»brmi, foliis bipinnatisectis, segmentis infimisramorum decussatis omnibus multifidis, involiicro utroque nullo. Linn, Sp. PL p. 378. Engl. Bot, t. 1503. De Cand. Prodr. v. I. p. 115. — /3. foliorum segmentis lineari-elongatis. Haii. ,3. Canada. Mr.s. Perciva!. — This is probably introduced j but the foliage is considerably different from that of the Europuean pknt, the segments being remarkably long and slender. 'J. CJlYPTOTiENIA. DC. Calycis margo obsoletus. Petala obovata subintegra in lacinulam inflcxam angustata. Fructus a latere coutractus lineari-oblongus stylopodio brevi et stylis rectis coroiiatus. Mericarpia jugis .'i lequalibus filiformibus obtusis, 2 lateralibus ante marginem positis. I'itta; plurimaj pericarpio subcorticoso, sed arete adnato, tectae et carpello transversim scisso tantutn visibiles. Semen tereti-convexum antice planiusculum. Carpophorum lib4fl 262 UMBELLIFERiE. [iSVum. 1. C Canadensis; umbeilis infimis ex foliorum superiorum axillis ortis, fructibus oblungis. De Cand. Prodr. v, 4. p. 118, — Sison Canadense. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 363. Mich. Am. V. 1. p. 168. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 114.. Sium Cannd. Lam. — Chaeropliyllum Ciinad. Pers. — Myrrhis Canad. Moris. — Torrei/, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 310. — Conopo- diuDi Canad. Koch. IIaii. Canada. Lake Huron and Qui^bdc. Dr. Todd. Mrs. Pcrcival. — It is chiofly cronfincd to the iiKiri' Noiithoni parts ot' Canada in British Nortli America.* 10. SIUM. Koch. Calycis manjo .'j-denlutus .subiude ol)soletus. Petala obovata emarginata cum lacinula infiexu. Stylopodium pulviiiatiim margiiie depressuni. Styli divergenti-reflexi apice ciipitulati. Fniduf a latere comjircssus vel contrartus ct subdidymus, stylopodio stylisque coronutus; mrricarpia jiigis a>quiilibus filiforniibus obtusiusculis, vallcculis et commissuru iiiukivittatis. Car/iop/ionmi bipurtitiiin, cruribus mericarpio adnatis, stylopodio pulvinato margiiie dopresso. Srmnn siibteres. — Herbte plerumque aqiutticm. Folia pinnati-mcta seijmi'iifis oralis ohlongis (hntatis atit multipartitis. Umbellii! terminalvs multipartita: ; involucro polyplnjllo, raritis suhmonophyllo, (Jinbellula? multijlora, involucello polyplryllu. Flon s alln. DC. 1. 5. latijbliiiiii ; radice repeiite, canio sulcato-angiilato, tbiiis pimiatist'ctis segniLiitis lanci'olatis amininatis ba.si ina»qiialibus serratis rarius j)innatifidis, involucro polyphyllo, deiitibiis calycis elongatis. DC.— -Linn. Sp. PI. p. 361. Fii;/l. Hot. t. 201. Biyel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 111*. Forrfy, Fl. of Un. St. r. \. p. .SI 1. J)e Cand. Prodr. r. 4. p. 124.— ;3. ibliolis profundc inciso-scrratis. Hah. Watery places, Saskatcliawim. J)rmiii>uind. ,3. Straits of De Fuca, North-Wost coast of Amcritai. Dr. Scouler. — I liiid it soarciOy possihle to distin>riiiNli some narrow-leaved states, of wliat I consider to be this plant, from the foUonin;;; and I am here a^.'ain much disposed to concur witli Dr. Torrey in thiiikinfr tliey may be only varieties of eatli other. The present seems to me identical with the Europceun S. tatt- Jiiliiiw. 2. S. lincare ; caule angulato sulcato, foliis pinnatisectis scgmcntis 4-r)-jiigi!> liiican- lanccolatis acute ct teiuiitcr liiiic iiidc serratis, involucro oligopiiyllo lincari. DC. — Mii:li. Am. r. 1. p. 167. Pursh, Fl. Am. r. 1. p. 191. Torrey, Fl. i,f Un. St. r. 1. p. ;)12. J), Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 12"). IIaii. Watery |daces, Lake Ilaron. JJr. Tudd. Canada, to the mountains and tlie Saskatchawan. Drumnwiid. Jloist and over(h)«erl irrounds of the Columbia. Dr. Snitdtr. /)()iii//ris. — The yonnu'- sub- merged leaves of this plant arc deeply multilid or trijiinnate, with very narrow linear-suuumie segments. • Thi» iippcnrs, lila ninny <.tliir Ca' iliim ]ilaiit», tn lie iifit unfrccjiiiiit iilji.ut Jlni-toii, I'. S 'I'lie iiHtiiri! uf this- wiirk only adiiiil!i ui my mentioiiliiL'. uniirr the respective species of plants, the names oftlidse iiirsoiix wUu Iia\e favoured mo with them from the Hriliah PoBsessions. Hut I am uiiwiUiiii; to wiiit till the intioductury pn;_'es ucimen fjathored in the Garden of the Horticultural Society of London ; and the lower leaves are said to 1)1! a foot and a half long. May it not be a luxuriant plant of Cicuta maculata P 11. BUPLEURUM. Linn. Cahjcis margo ohsoletiis. Petala siihrotunda Integra arete involiita lacinulu lata reliisa. Fructus n latere compressus vel subdidymus, stylopodio depresso coronatus. Mericarpia jiigis 3 alatis aciitis (iliformibus aut obsoletis, lateralibus marginalibus, valleculis vittatis aut evittatis Iwvibus granulatisve. Semen tereticonvexum antice planiusculum. — Herba^ atit fVutices glahcrrimi. Folia rariiis secta sapius Umbo abortivo et petiolo dilatato mutata ill pliyllodia iiitefferrima. Umbellue compositee. Involucra varia. Flores Jiavi. DC. 1. Ii. raiiuniidoides ; foliis I'adicalibiis lineari-lanceolatis, caulinis amplexieaulibus eordato-oblongis striatis, involucro sub-3-pliylIo insequali, involucclli foliolis 3 ovatis mucronatis nervosis distiuctis. JJC. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 312. De Cand. Prodi: v, I. p. 131. — B. angulosuni. Sprcng. in Schidtes, Si/sl. Veget. v. 6. p. 366. Hook, et Am. in Dot. of Beech, Voij. v. I. p. 124. Chain, et Schkcht. in Linnma, v. I. p. 283. If.VB. Cape Muljrrave, in Bi>hrin;jf's Straits. Messrs. Lay and Collie, in Captain Beechey's Voyage. Trib. IV. Seseline.t.. Fructus scctione fransveniali tere.\, basi solumraodo foliosus. Folia \ongc viufinantia, ad vag'ijara usipie toriiata, pintiis .seu foliolis primariis divcrf(cntii)us, loiijro pctiolatis, tcrnatis seu (piiiiato-pinnatis; pin- iiulis ses(|uiiin('ialibus, obloii^jis, integris seu bi-tritiilis, iiiteiterrimis, ;i'laiicis, sub lento rutiuuLitini venosis. Umlirlla solitaria (an si'inpor';-) coniposita; radiis valde iMa'(|ualibus; aliis vix uui'iam loiigis, aliis 3— I poli- laribus, Inruliimi iiirohircHmjtii: nulla. Vitilnltiilic niultKlora', capitato-f;loliosa', flavcscontes. Flores dioiri sen polyp'ann. Fnteliis (immaturus) oblonjfo-subrylindraceus, hpvissimus, ad commisuras carinatus. .Slyli rellexi. I fi 264 UMBELLIFEH^. [Cnidium. Hab. On gravelly soils, near Fort Vancouver on the Columbia, North -West America. Douglas. Dr. Scouler. — The young fruit is drawn from a recent plant which flowered in the Garden of the Horticultural Society. The flowers of the native specimens appear to be all abortive. Tad. XCIII. S. leiocarpum. Fig. 1, Male flower; Jig. 2, Abortive pistil of the same; Jig. 3, Umbellule of immature fruits; Jig. 4, Fruit (immature); Jig. 3, Section of do. : — magnijied. 2. S. triternatum ; foliis longe vaginnntibus ternatis foliolis integris seu bl-triternatis elon- gatis linoari-lanceolntis linearibusve integerrimis pctiolulatis, caule inferne praecipue folioso, unibella composita, radiis universalibus subeequalibus, umbellis capitatis, floribus diuicis scu j)olygaiiii.s ? fructu (immaturo) oblongo subcyliiidraceo, niericarpiis jugis 5 elevatis acutis notatis, involucris involucellisque nuUis, (Tab. XCIV.) Piirsh. Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 197. Dv Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 146. Had. Columbia River. M.Lewis. Common on the dry gravelly so i near Fort Vancouver. Doughs. Dr. Scouler. — Cultivated in the Garden of the Horticultural Society, in 1828, from seeds sent home by Mr. Douglas. — This has much of tlie habit of the last species ; but the leaves and young fmit are very different. The root is fusiform. The petals involute, entire. Styles divaricated. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit with live sharply keeled primary ridges. Tad. XCIV. S. tntematura. Fig. 1, Portion of a leaf; Jig. 2, Flower; Jig. 3, Immature fruit; ,fig. 4, • Section of do. :•— more or less magnijied. 3. ■.S. rtivaricntum ; caule dichotomo folioso, foliis petiolatis breve-vaginantibus bi-tri- pinnatifidis laciniis lineari-obiongis acutis brevibus, pcdunculis lateralibus terniinali'jusque, unibcllarum radiis a-qualibus, iiivoluccilis lineari-subulatis, fructu subrotundo-ovato denti- bus calycinis corouato, niericarpiis iuspcris costis .5 elevatis niultivittatis. — Purs/i, Ft. Am. r. 2. p. 732. Sims, Bot. Mag. p. 1742. .V««. Gen. Am. v. 1. p. 194. De Cand. Prvdr. v. 4. /*. 146. IIaii. Aliout Carlton House upon the Saskatcha«an. Driimmond. Diniglus. — The root is large, tuberous, subfusiforni. Stems about a span high. Flowers yellow. Fniil slightly laterally compressed, ovate, rough, with small elevated points ; each achenium or tnericarjiium is crowned with live coiis|)icuoiis broadly subulate teeth, the surt'ace marked with live prominent elevated lines, two of which are marginal. The sigles are deciduous. The rarpuphorum has two short branches. The vittai are numerous, and appear to anastomose very frequently, and they abound in a powerfully aromatic oil. H. r',IDIU>I. Ciisson. Cah/ris margo obsoletus. Pctala obovata eniargiiiata cum laciuula iuflexa. Frnc(u,i scctioiie tnmsversaii siibteres. Mirirarpia jugis 5 aqualibus alatis, ala subnieinbranacea, lateralibus uiarginantibus. Vallecula: l-vittata?. Cimmi.ssura bivittata. Semen semiteres. Alhtimm liiuc applanatuin. — Ilerbie perennex rarius suffiutic( s. Folia pinnati-aut tniiati- seita, siijmdtlis nmllijhlis, lohis lineurihii.s. Iuvoli;cruni varhim, involucelia polyphylla. Flores albi ant tusri. Prorime accedit ad Scseli, si I jugis J'ructus membraitaceo-atatis et calyeis margiiu (ibsolelo differt. DC. 1. C. Cundden.ii ; caitle aiigulato flexuoso, foliis bipinnatisectis lucidis seginentis multi- partitis, laciniis lanceolatis, iiivolucro utroque oligopliyllo. DC. — Spreng. in Scfiultes Synt. Veget. v, G. p. 115. De Cand. Prvdr. v. 1. p. 153. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 306.— Cmiioselinum.} UMBELLIFERjE. 265 Selinum Cuimdetise. Mich. Am. v, 1. p. 155. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 192. NtUt, Gen. Am. V. \. p. 180. — Apium bipinnatuin. IValt. Carol, p. 115. (fide Pursh.) DC. Hah. Mouth of the St. Lawrence, Canada. Michaux. — Of this plant, I rejjret to say, I know nothin);. Pursh speaks of it as having white flowers, and as inhabiting the mouths of large rivers from Canada to Carolina. n. THASPIUM. Nutt. Calycis margo 5-(lontntus. Petala ellipticu in acumen longuni inflexuni nttcnuata. Fructus a latere non cfntractus subellipticus. Mericarpia convexa jugis 5 ulatis, alis sub- icqualibus, vallccu''s striatis 1-vittatis. Commissura 2-vittatu. Semen teres. — Herba; perennes Boreali-AiiericaiKB. Involucrum nullum. Invohicellum b-phyllum \-laterale. — Genus a Sniyrnio et Zizia dtstinctissimum, Cnidio evitlentcr ex fructu qffinr, scd distinclum calyce 5-dentato, petalis non emarginatis, involucellis triphyllis et hahitu. DC. 1. T. actmifolium ; foliis biternati-sectis, scgmcntis ovalibus ffiqiialiter dentatis, umbellis subverticillatis, lateralibus sterilibus. DC. — Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 1. p. 197. De Cand. Prodr. V. 4. p. 154. — Ligusticum actseifoliuni. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 166. Pursh, 11. Am. v. 1. p. 193. Hah. Near Tadoussach, on the banks of the St. Lawrenco, Canada. Michaux. 1j. ligusticum. Korh. Calycis margo 5-dentatus vel obsoletus. Petala obovata acuta emarginata cum lacinula inflexa, brevissime unguicnlata. Fructus sectione transvcrsali subtcres vol a latere parum conipressus. Mericarpia jugis 5 argutis subalatis uequalibus, lateralibus marginantibus. Valleculre et commissuni multivittataj. Semen subsemiteres. — Herbae pleraque perennes. Folia dccomposita aut ternatisccta, Involucrum varium; involucella jiolyphylla. Flores albi. DC. 1. L. Scoticum; caule simpliciusculo striato, foliis biternatis opncis, segmentis subrliombeo- ovatis dentato-serratis, involucris lineari-lanceolatis 5-7-plijllis. DC. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 359. Engl. Dot. t. 1207. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 157. Pursh, Fl. Am. r. 1. p. 193. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. V. I. yj. 313. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linncea, »". 1. p. 390. De Cand. Prodr. v. i. p. 157. Hook, et Am. in Dot. of Beech. Joy. v. I. p. 115. etp. 125. IlAn. Shores of the St. Lawrence. Michaux. Mrs. Sheppard. L.ibrador. Dr. Morrison. Newfound- land. Miss Brenton. Mouth of the Columbia. Z>o;/or/as. Observatory Inlet. Dr. Scou/er. Behring's Straits. Chamisso. Messrs. Lay ami Collie in Capt. Beechey's Voyage. 16. CONIOSELINUM. Fisch. Calycis margo obsoletus. Petala obcordatu aut obovata cum lacinula inflexa. Styli denuun divergentes reflex!. Fructus a dorso comprcssiusculus aut convexus. Mericarpia jugis 5 alatis, lateralibus subduplo latioribus marginantil)us. J'allecuhe laterales 3-vittatie, ilorsales swpe 2-vittat£e. Commissura 1-8 vittata, vittis ina'qualibus. Carpophoruni l)ipar- litum. Semen liine ])lanum. — Herbie Inenues glaltree. C'aules ramo.ii Jistulosi. i'olia hiinnnatisccta, segmentis piimntiparlitis, lohis oblongo-tinearilius. I'mbeilie terminals multiradiatce, involucro iiullo aut oligophyllo. Involucelliyo/(W« .1-7 limari-tubuluta umbcllw VOL. I. 8 L 266 UMBELLIFERjE. [Anyelica. subaqualia aut longiora. Flores , extcriores sa>pe 2-vittata>. Commixsura bivittata. Cuipophorum bipartituni. — Herba- glabra pcrennes. Folia tirnutu-decoiiiposita, segmeiiiis piiinati/idis. Uinbellte conijjosita. Involiicrum oligophylluni ; invoUicclla poly- phylla. Flores albi. DC. 1. S. tirebinthinum; ubique glabra, foliis decomposito-pinnatifidis rigidis glaucis laciniis brevibiis liutaribiis acutis, pediinciilis eloiigatis, iiivolucro iiullo, iiivoiucelli foliolis lineari- biis brevibii!-, mcricarpiis singulis alls 'y latissiniis undulatis. (Tab. XCV.) — Laserpitium tcrcbintiiiiunn. Doiigl, MSS. in Herb. Hort. Soc. Land. " Uiidij- cniiisu, fusit'orniis, );uninuim terebinthimini ropiusiini v'«< iduni stillans." (Doiii/l.) Cmilis crectus liivvis, lirinus, teres, vix niiiiosus. Folia ])('tiolata,siil)loiii.'t' Vii^jiiiaiitia, (Iccomposito-piniiatilida, rifrida, <>:lauca, lai'iiiii.s liiivitni sou !te$i|iiilin<>am loiiiris, acutis, ntchidc potiuluqiic terctibiLs striatis. Pedumuli (t'riictiferi) I'lon^fati, cnissi, t'i)lla cxfodeutt's. Umbilla conipusita, radiis vaKle iii»-(|ualibiis. Iiiro/iiirum nullum. Invotucdhnn parvum, foliolis liiiparibus. lions spei.'imine nico absuiit. I'cilicntti plurinii, abortivi. Calycis denies subt'oliai'i'i, di'cidui. I'riirtiix ninjust'iilus, ovalis, compressua. Mericarpia 5-aIata, alls latis- simis mc •nbraiiaeeis undulato-crispatis. Viltip nunierosip. Hah. ( oniMiiMi on tbc sandy oud8 accurately with any described tiemis. Tam. X(1V. S. tcri'binlliiniun. Fiij. I, Involucellum ; /f//. -i, Younj,' fruit ; ^//. 3, Mature hwi; Jig. 4, Mericarps separatiiis from the carpopoilium ; Jig. •'>, Section of a n-i-riiarp ; — mom or less iiiugnijied. 18. ANGELICA. Jloffm. Calycis margo olisolctus. Petala lanceolata iiitegra acinniniita, acuminc recto vel iiicurviito. FriKftiK a dorso coniprcssiis, raplie cciitrali iitrinqiii' bialatus. Mericarpia jugis tribiis dorsaiibus filiforniibus olevatis, 2 latoralibus in alam iiiembranaceani inulto aut paulo latiorem diiatatis. I'allecula l-vittatiP. Semen subseniiteres. Car/io/iltorutn biparti- tuni libenini. — Herbal pcrennes bicnncsrc. Folia bipinnatisccta, I'mbclla! termitialen. Involucruni milium aid oligopyldhnn, pariiale polyphyllum. Flores albi. DC. Arc/tanffelica.] UMBELLIFERiE. 267 1. A, lucida; caule tereti ginbro, foliis bipinnatisectis, segmentis oequnlibus ovatis incisu-scrratis, vaginis dilatatis, involucro involucellLsque 5-phyllis. DC, — Linn, Sp. PL p. 360. Jacq, Vind, v. 3. p. 24. Ptirsli, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 193. Elliott, Carol, v. \. p. 353. Torrey, Fl, of Un, St, v,\,p, 316. De Caiid, Frodr. v. 4. p. 168. Hab, Canada. Pursh. Z. A. triquinata; caule tereti superne p.ibescente, foliis bipinnatisectis, segmentis ramoruni petioli inferioribus trisectis, omnibus ovalibus utrinque acuminatis argute serratis, umbella florente pubesceiiti-velutina. DC. — Mich. Am, v. 1. p. 167. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 193. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 352. Torrei/, Fl. of Un. St. i>. 1. />. 315. Z)e Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 168. — Pastinaca triquinata. Spreng. Sp. Umb. p. 68. t. 6. f. 2. — Ferula villosa. Walt, Carol. p. 115. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 192. (excl. syn. Cicutas veneniitse, ex Torrey.) Had. Canada. Micham:, Pursh. 3. A. atro-pnrptirea ; caule la?vi colorato, foiiis bipinnatisectis, segmentis ovatis acutis inciso-scrratis sublobatis terminalibus confluentibus, petiolis late dilatatis, ramis et umbeilis pubescentibus. DC— Linn. Sp. PI. p. 360. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 193. Torretj, Fl. of Un. St. V. 1. JO. 316. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 168. — Angelica triquinata. Bigel. Fl. Host, ed. 2. p. 68. — Archangelica atro-piirpurea, Hoff'm. Umb. p, 169. Canada. Pursh. — I have myself seen no Canadian specimens of any of tlie tliree s|)ccies of this Hau. Genus. 1!). arciianoelIca. Hoffm. Calycis margo breve 5-(lentatus. Pctala eliiptica integra acuminata, acumine incrrviito. Fructus a dorso subcompressus, raphe subcentrali, utrinque bialatus. Mericarpia jugls crassiusculis carinatis, 3 dorsalibus elevatis, 2 lateralibus in alam dupio latiorem dilatatis. Scnu'ii tegumento non adliserens. Carpophoriim bipartitum. — Herbo; perennes. Folia pinnatisecta, segmentis late ovatis acutis grosse dentatis terminalibus lobatis. Petioli ampli vagitianti-saccati. Involucrum univ. svbnullum, partiale dimidiatum polyphyllum. Flores alhi out subvirescentes. DC. 1. . I. officinalis ; caule glabro tereti striato, foliis bipinnati-sectis, segmentis subcordatis lobatis argute serratis, extremo trilobo, vaginis laxis saccatis, involucelli f'oliolis umbellulani .Lquantibus. DC.—Hoffm. Umbel, v. 1. p. 166./ tit. 19, 20. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 169. — Angelica ArcbaUj^elica. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 360. Engl, Hot. t. 2561. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linmca, v. 1. p, 391. Hah. Unalaschka to the Bay of Eschsi'holtz. Chamisso, 2, A, Gmrlini ; caule glabro tereti striato, foliis ternati-sectis, segmentis tripartitis lobis ovatis serratis biisi cuneatis, vaginis mediocribus, involucelli foliolis uii'liellam florentem subpecjuantibus. J)e Cand. Prodr. v. l. p. ITO. — " Angelica Gmelini. IVormsk. v.v Fisch. in litt. — Apiuni ternatuni. I' of white (lowers on the disk. The immature fruit appears to be that of u Priitln. ■1. /•'..'' Canadensis; " foliorum segnientis ramosis lucidis linearibus." — Linn. Sp, PI. ji. 171. De Cand. Prodr. v. \. p. 171. Hmi. Canada. fJiiiitrus. — This plant, whatever it may be, seems wholly unknown to recent Botanist.s. — Two other I'mbelliferous pluntti, allied to the above, and probably refei-able to Ferula, ore iu the collection Heracleum. UMBELLIFElliE. 260 of Mr. DoiikImn, from tliu Columbia, liut in too imperiout a Ntate to enable mo to refer them satiHfactorily to thi« or iiuy other GeuuN, ai. IMPERATOUIA. Linn. Cahfvis luan/o obsoletus. Pefaln obovutii in liicinulain inflcxam courctutii cninrginuta vel subiutL'uru. Frm-tm ii ilorso jiluiio vel lenticiiluri-conipressus murgiiic dilatato compluiuito ciiu'tiis. Mericarpia jiigis subiwiuidistaiitilHis, 3 iiiterniediis filiformibus, 2 lateralibus ()bs()lt'ti()ril)us margine dilatato fontigiiis vel in eunilcni aiieuntibtis. Valkrulo', l-vittatw, iatenilcs subinde sesqui-vel bivittatji'. Commissura siepius bivittata. Carjmpodium biparti- tuni. Seiiiiiiu antice ])lana. — Herbic (jlnhra pririnies. Caulis teres striatus. Folia hi-aut triternati-scctd, segmeiitis ovatis uhloiu/isve serratis, UnibelliH aiiiplce vomposiUe. Involu- crum nnllnm. Involiicella oligophylla. Flores albi. — Species habilu accedunt hinc ad nltimam Peuccdani sert., illinc ad Angelicani. DC. 1. /. Osfrut/iii/m ; tbiiis ternuto-sectis, segmentis late ovatis trilobatis inciso-serratis, lateralibus basi in^equalibus, vaginis aniplis. DC, — Linn. Sp. PL p. 372. Enyl. Bot. t. 1380. De Cnnd. Prodr. v. 4. p. 183. — Pacceduniim Ostruthiuni. Koch, H,\ii. Newfoundland. De la Pj/laie, in De Cand. Prodr. n. PASTINACA. Linn. Cn/f/cis margo obsoletus vel minute denticnlatus. Petala siibrotunda intcgra involuta, lacinula lata retusa. I'ructus a dorso coinplanato-compressus, niargine tlilatato coniplaiuito cinctus. Mericarpia ^Uf^h tenuissiniis, 3 interniediis aequidistantibu.s, 2 lateralibus niargine contiguis. Ilttcc lineures acuta jugis vix breviores, in valleculis solitariiE; in cominissufa 2 aut pluriuite. Carpop/wriim bipartituni. Semen coniplaiiatuni. — Herbie radicefusiformi scepiu.s carnosa, foliis pinnatisectis, segnientis dentafis ineixis aid luliatis. Unibella coniposita, involucra utnique nuUa aut oliijop/ii/l/a. V\oYvsJlavi. DC. 1. P.sativa; caule sulcato foliis pinnatisectis scgnientis ovato-oblongis obtusis crenato- dentatis biisi incisis, txtrenio trilobo, involucris involucellisque nuUis, calycis dentibus obsoletis, fructibus ovalibus, conunissura bivittiita. JJC. — Litrn. Sp. PI. p. 188. Purs/i, Fl. Am. V. Up. 196. lUigl. But. t. 556. \\\n. On the Saskatchawan and Red Uivei-s. Dutiijlas. Dnimmond. •i-i. HEUACLKUM. Linn. Caly.r .'j-dentatiis. Petala obovata, eniarginata cum lacinula infle.\a, exteriora ssepe radiantia bifida. Fruetiis a dorso ])lano-coinpressus margine dilatato complanato cinctus. Mericarpia jugis tenuissiniis, 3 dorsalibus ipquidistantibus, 2 lateralibus niargini dilatato contiguis remotis. I'ittcp. dorsales 1, in valleculis solitaria', toinmissurales sivpius 2, omnes t'ructu breviores smpius clavulaUe. Carpuphorum bipartitum. Semen complanatum. — Herbie amphr, ibliis pinnutiacctis trisectis aut tubati.s ; petioli ample vayinuntes. I'mbella- nmltiradiatai. Involucrum caducuni sapius uligoplii/Uum. Involucellum poliiphylliim. DC. 1. H.lancdum; foliis trisectis petiolulatis subtus tomcntosis suprcmis triiobis, segmentis late ovato-subrotundis lobatis serratis, involucelli foliolis pai'vis subulato-lanceolatis, fructibus late obcordato-ovalibus, connnissura bivittata, floribus radiantibus. — Mich. Am. v. \.p. Ifili. ■^ 270 IJMBELLIFEII^E. [Daunt*. Piirih, Fl. Am. r. 1. /». 181. Diyel. Fl. Jiost. ed. 2. p. 110. Torm/, I'l. of In. St. r. I. p. 313. — II. .Splioiulylium. C/iam. et Schkvlit. in Linnan, v. 1. />. 3!)i. Hich. in Frniilit. \>tt Joiini. lit. '2. App. p. 10. Hah. Cnnndn. Michaux ; and lu far north ns th<> Mai'konzio Hiver, in Int. .'iHO. Dr. Jlii/iardgnii. /)nim- monil. Moixt Ii«nk8 of 8trt>aini*, North -Wj-hI Ampricn, whcro the root* and youn^ stems are eaten l>y Ihf ('henm)k Indians. Douylas. Dr. Scuiilir. rnaliujclika. C/tiiiHiniio, — Thin plant is culled Pc/ijxioii-iihtic, (llnte stem,) by the Creo Indians: and thu youii); stems aro used lui I'othcrb, Jik/itin is iiiiiiuNrt' hiniutiH. l/iiilte/liii uiiiliiiliila'iiic paati-radiatii', divaricata'. Invuliuid iiiro/iiei/tdi/iie <■ fcdiolis salM|iiiii- (pie, lanct'olato-afiiiniiirttis, ciliatis, dvmaiii rcllcxis, pcrsistfiifilias. I'ltin.s alld. ('ali/.r tilisiilotns. I'elula olH'orilata, Liciaala iiillt'.va. Sti/li »'r«'fto-divt'rj5Biif4's, jfoniiiiiis Inii^itudiut'in fcro diniidiam mjnaiites. Fructus i)l)li)iij;uH oIjIusiix iiiferiie vuldo attciiiiafa^ ^ni oiuniiio clavntiis, stylis Unifjis oroctis cdi'diiatas, lati'ralitcr coinprt'ssiis, jii;ris .j ai'iitis, apprcsso-liispidis, dtiultiis latcralibas inai'<;iiiuntil)us, l'i/l. 291. Be Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 252.— P. pusilla. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1334. Hah. Canada. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. About Quebec. Mrs. Percival. Mrs. Sheppard. 3. P. horridum ; fruticosum subrepens ubique aculeatum, foliis palmato-lobatis inciso- serratis, umbellis capitatis racemosis, stylis seminibusque 2. (Tab. XCVIII.) — Sm. in Bees' Cycl. n. 10. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 252. — Aralia erinacea. Hook, in Scolder's Voy, in Brewst. Journ. 1827. p. 64. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 259. — Prickly Ash, of Sir Alex. Mackenzie's Voy. {Douglas.) Caulis fruticosus, 10-12 pedalis, subrepens, crassus, dense aculeatus ; aculeis non raro transversim seriatim dispositis, acicularibus, aureis. Folia ampla, cordata, palmata, inciso-eerrata, petioktta, petiolis nervisque itculeatis. UmbelliB capitatie, polygamae, in racemum valde aculeatum, nudum vel lanatum, nunc hispidum disposite. Calyx obsoletus. Pttata 5, ovata, subacuminata, patcntia. Stamina H. Ovarium inferum, turbinatum, abortivum in flore masculino, in fcemineo globoso. Sit/li 2, divergentei>. Fructus, Bacca sen Drupa rubra, disperma. Semina oblonga, pendentia. Albumen copiosum. Embryo parvum in partem superiorem albuminis. * This, Dr. Wallich has now imllished na n distinct species, in his splendid << Flanttc Asiatics," under the name of Panax pseudo-Ginseng. VOL. I. 2 M 274 HAMAMELIDEiG. [Hamamelis. Hab, North-West coast of America. A, Memiet, Esq. Abundant on the West side of the Rocky Mountains, from the Head springs of the Columbia to the coast, and in the interior of California. Douglas, Queen Charlotte's Sound. Dr. Scouler. East side of the Rocky Mountains, extremely rare. Drummond. — The entangled stems of this remarkable plant, are described as a great impediment to tniTellers in the woods of North-West America. Tab. XCVIII. P. horridiun. Fig. 1, Male flower; fig. 2, The same, with the petals and stamens removed; fig. 3, Female flower; fig. 4, Section of the same ; fig. 5, Fruit; (natural size.) Fig. 6, Section of the same, the two seeds enveloped in their chartaceous covering; fig. 7, Seed; fig. 8, Section of da, to show the albumen and embryo : — magnified. 3. ARALIA. 2>on. Calycis margo brevissimus integer vel dentatus. Petala 5 apice libera expansa. Stam. 5. Styli 5 expansi divaricato-patentes. Bacca 5-locuIaris ssepius torosa. Pyrena chartaceffi. — Herbs out frudces ex Amur. Bar. indigenee. Folia composUa. Floras umbellati in paniculam aape dispoaiti aBn. DC. \. A. nudicauli»; acaulis inermis, folio unico radicali temato-quinato foliolis ovatis acutis serratis, scape nudo trifido folio breviore, umbellis 3 multifloris exinvolucratis. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 393. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 185. Pursk, 12. Am. v. 1. p. 209. Bigel. li. Eost. ed. 2. p. 122. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 327. ElliM, Carol, v. 1. p. 374. De Cand. Prodr. V. 4. p. 257. Hab. Canada: and from Lake Huron, (Dr. Todd.) throughout the woody country to lat. 64°. Dr. Richardson, and to the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Newfoundland. Dr. Morrison. De la Pylaie. Miss Brenton. — " The Crees use the root of this plant as a remedy against the venereal disease, under the name of Wawpoos-ootchepeh, (Rabbit-root,) and also apply the bruised bark of its root to recent wounds." (Rich- ardson.) 2. A. racemosa ; acaulis inermis, caule herbaceo ramoso petiolis tripartitis, partitionibus ternatis quinatlsque foliolis cordato-ovatis acuminatis serratis, umbellis in racemis axillari- l)us paniculatis. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 393. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 185. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 209. EUiott, Carol. v.\.p. 373. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 122. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. n. 1. p. 327. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 258. Hab. Throughout Canada. From Lake Huron to the Saskatchawan. 3. A hispida ; caule basi fruticoso dense setoso-aculeato superne paniculatim ramoso, Ibliis bipinnatis foliolis ovatis acuminatis incisis serratis glabris, pedunculis terminalibus elongatis, involucri foliolis brevibus subulatis. — Mich. Am. v. I. p. 185. Pursh. Fl. Am. r. 1, p. 209. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1085. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 122. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. V. 1. p. 388. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 258. Had. From Lake Huron to the Saskatchawan and Hudson's Bay. Newfoundland. Miss Brentott. Ord. XLV. HAMAMELIDEiE. Br. (Trib. Hamamele*. Petala i. Stam. S ; ^ fertilia, 4: sterilia. Antliera valvules dehiacentes. DC.) 1. HAMAMELIS. Linn. Calyx imo ovario adheerens 4-lobus, extus 2-3-squamosus. Petala 4 longa Hgukeformia, Cktrmu.] CORNEiE. 275 laciniis calycinis alterna. Stamina fertilia 4 petalis alterna, filamentis brevissimis, antheris adnatis bilocularibus, loculis valvula vertical! dehiscentibus ; tterilia 4 antheris orbatis, filam. crassiusculis ante petala sitis. Ovarium apice liberum in stylos 2, rarissime 3, breves desinens. Capsula coriacea semilibera 2-locul. apice bivalvis, valvis bifidis. AriUi 2 coriacei monospermi elastice supeme bivalves. Semina oblonga nitida, hilo supero. Albumen camosum. Embryo radicula supera, cotyledonibus planis. — Arbusculse Ameri- cana aut AaiaticcB. Folia alterna, breve petiolata, biatipulata, ovata out cuneata, penninervia aubintegra. Flores in axillis glomerati aubaessilea, involucro B-phyllo cincti. Vet.Jlavi. DC, 1. H. Virginica; foliis ovatis subcrenato-repandis basi subcordatis insequalibus, junioribus pube stellata subscabris. DC. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 180. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 100. Pursh, Fl. Am. r. 1. jt>. 116. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. />. 219. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. />. 61. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v.l.p. 122. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 268. Hab. Canada. Island of Orleans. Mr. Sheppard, Ord. XLVI. CORNEiE. De Cand. 1. CORNUS. Linn. Calycia tubua ovario adnatus, limbus minimus 4-dentatus. Petala 4 oblonga sessilla per iestivationem .valvata. Stamina 4. Stylua 1. Drupa baccata calycis vestigio notata, nucleo biloculari (rarius 3-locuI.) Semina solitaria pendula. Albumen camosum. Em- hryonia radicula cotyledonibus brevior. — Arbores frutices imo Herbse. Folia (unica apec. exc.) oppoaita integra penninervia. Flores nunc capitati aut umbellati et involucrati, nunc rorymboai aut paniculati exinvolucrati. Petala alba aut rariuaflava. DC. * Nudijlora. 1. C. altemifolia; foliis alternis ovatis acutis subtus canis, corymbis patentibus. DC. — Linn.fil. Suppl. p. 125. VHerit. Com. p. 10. t. 6. Mich. Am. v. \.p. 93. Purah, Fl. Am. V. \. p. 109. Elliott, Card. v. 1. p. 210. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 58. Torrey, FLofUn. St. v.l.p. 100. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 271. Har. Woods in Canada. Michaux. — I possess no Canadian specimens of this plant. As seen in the Herbarium, and without fruit, it is hardly to be distinguished from C. alba, except by its alternate leaves and slender petioles. All the other Comi have the leaves opposite. The fruit is purple, smaller than in C, alba. 2. C. paniculata ; ramis erectis, foliis ovatis acuminatis glabriusculis, corymbis thyrsoideo- paniculatis, ovario sericeo. DC. — L'Herit. Corn. p. 9. t. 5. Purah, Fl. Am, v. I. p. 109. Elliott, Carol, v.l.p. 209. Bigel. Fl. Boat, ed, 2. p, 59. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4, p. 271. Hab. Canada. Pursh. — Drupes white. L'Heritier says this is most distinct in the cymes being elongated into a panicle or thyrsus. The cyme in C alba is sometimes a little elongated, and then I do not see how C. paniculata is distinguishable from it. Mr Elliott says he has seen specimens which appear to connect this with C. stricta. What I have received from Mr. Schweinitz and Dr. Torrey, as C. paniculata, appears to me to be in no way different from C. alba, 3. C. atricta ; ramis strictis, foliis ovatis acuminatis utrinque viridibus, adultis glabris 2M2 m m m 276 CORNEiE. [Comua. nascentibus vix subtus pubescentibus, corymbis subpaniculatis. DC. — Lam. Diet. v. 3. p. 116. L'Herif. Com. p. 8. t. 4. Parsh, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 109. Elliott, Carol, v. I. p. 209. Torreij, Fl. of Un. St. v.].p. 180. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 272.-0. fastigiatn. Mich. Am. v. \.p. 92. Hub, Canada. Pursh. — With this I am unacquainted, as is likewise Dr. Torroy. To me it seems to differ from C. alba, according to L'Heritier, only in the less pale colour, and more glabrous under-surface of the leaf. If C.ftutigiata of Michaux be the same, as authors maintain, no depeudance is to be placed on the more or less |Muucled corymbs. The drupes are described as blue, the flesh or pulp white. 4. C. sanguinea; ramis rectis, foliis ovatis brevissime acuminatis concoloribus subtus puberulis, corymbis depressis planis. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 171. L'Herit. Corn. p. 5. Engl. Dot. t. 249. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. \.p. 109. Elliott, Carol, v. I. p. 208. Torreg, Fl. of Un. St. v.].p. 178. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 272. Had. Canada. Pursh. — Of this, I have never seen American specimens. h. C. alba; ramis patentibus vel recurvis (an semper?) foliis late ovatis acuminatis pubescentibus subtus ciinis, corymbis depressis. — Linn. Mant. p. 40. Pall. Fl. Ross. t. 34. L' Merit. Corn. p. 6. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. \. p. 109. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 58. Rich, in Frankl. \st Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 5. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v.l.p. 179. De Cand. Prodr. V. 4. p. 272. — C. stolonifera. Mich. Am. v, I. p. 92. — ^. foliis majoribus subtus magis hirsutis. C. circinnata. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaia, v. 3. p. 139. Has. Throughout Canada, and from Lake Huron to North lat. 69°. (Dr. Richardson.) Newfoundland. Miss Srenton. North -West coast of America, (Mr. Garry,) where, however, the var. /3. seems to be the most frequent. Mr, Menzies. Douglas. Dr. Scouler. — The berries or drupes are described by most authors as white, by Dr. Richardson as lead-coloured; who further says they are named by the Crees Musquameemi, because the Bears fatten upon them, and Meethguan-pmneenattick, meenisan,(Ted stick berry,) and that Pigeons are fond of this berry, which is considered a good stonuchic. — This is the only species of this group of Cornus that I have myself received from British North -America, and it does appear to me that C. stricia, C. paniculata and C. sericea are too nearly allied to it, as ore some states of C. circinnata. The direction of the branches is assuredly variable, the corymb is more or less depressed, and I suspect the fruit is liable to vary in colour. My var. /3. borders very closely upon the following species, and that again upon C. circinnata. 6. C. sericea ; ramis patulis, ramulis lanuginosis, foliis ovatis acuminatis subtus subferu- gineo-sericeis, corymbis depressis lanuginosis, nucleis compressis. DC. — L'Herit. Com. p. 5. t. 2. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 103. Elliott, Carol, v.l.p. 208. Torreg, Fl. of Un. St. v. I. p. 178. De Cand. Prodr. v. i.p. 272. — C. lanuginosa. Mich. Am. v. \.p. 92. — C. alba. JValt. Carol. HAa Canada. Pursh, Columbia River, North-West America, frequent. Douijlas. — " Berries blue." 7. C. circinnata ; ramis verrucosis, foliis orbiculatis subacuminatis rugosis subtus tonien- toso-canis corymbis depressis. DC. — L'Herit. Corn. p. 7. t. 3. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 108. Bigel. Fl. Bost. cd. 2. p. 59. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. I. p. 179. Dc Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 272. Cham, tt Schlecht. in Linncea, v. 1. p. 139. — C. tomentosula. Mich. Am. r. 1. p. 91. — C. rugosa. Lam. Diet. v. 2. p. 115. Has. Canada. Michaux. Arceuthobium.] LORANTHACEyE. 277 • • Involucrata. 8. Cflorida; arboresceiis, runiis nitidis, foliis ovntis ocuminatis subtus pallidis utrinque iulpresse pilosis, floribus umbellatis post folia nasceiitibus, involucro maximo, foliolis subro- tundis retusis aut fere obcordatis, drupis ovatis. DC. — Linn, Sp. PI. p. 1661. L'Herit. Corn. p. 4. Sinu, Bot. Mag. t. 526. Mich. Am. v. \. p. 91. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. jd 108. Elliott, Carol, v. \. p. 207. Bigel. Med. Bot. t. 28. Ejusd. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 57. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. V. 1. p. 178. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 278. Had, Canada. Michaux. Pursh. Banks of the Columbia, near it8 confluence with the Sea. Douylas. Dr. Scouhr. 9. C. Canadensis ; caulibus simplicibus herbaceis, foliis superioribus verticillatis subpe- tiolatis ovatis venosis, floribus umbellatis involucro multo brevioribus, drupis globosis. DC. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 172. L'Herit. Com. p. 3. t. 1. Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 880. Mich. Am. v. I. p. 91. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 107. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 57. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 177. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4,. p. 275. Cham, et ScJilecht. in Linnma, v. 1. p. 139. Had. Throughout Canada, nearly to the Arctic coast, every where as far as the Pine woods extend. Dr. Richardson^ Labrador. Dr. Morrison. Newfoundland. Dr. Morrison. Miss Brenton. Mr. Cormack. Columbia River, frequent. Douglas. Observatory Inlet, North -West coast, lat. 55°. Dr. Scouler. ITnal- aschko. Chamisso. 10. C. Suecica ; caulibus herbaceis subramosis, foliis omnibus oppositis sessilibus ovatis a basi tere nervosis, umbella pedunculata, involucris flores superantibus, drupis globosis. DC. —Linn. Sp. PL p. 172. L'Herit. Corn. p. 2. Engl. Bot. t.3l0. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 274. Cham. etSchlecht. in Linnaa, v.\. p. 138. Hook, et Am. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. v. 1. p. 1 25. — /3. duplo fere major. Hau. Labrador. Kohlmeister. Newfoundland. Dr. Morrison. Brandy Pots* Island, in the St. Law- rence, Canada. Dr. Wm. Kelly. Behring's Straits. Chamisso. Messrs. Lay and Collie in Capt. Seechey's Voyage. Unalasohka. Chamisso. Kotzebue's Sound. Messrs. Lay and Collie in Capt. Beechey's Voyage. — /3. Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia. Dr. Scouler. i Obd. XLVII. LOllANTHACEiE. Don. 1. ARCEUTHOBIUM. M. Bieb. Flores dioici. Masc. sessiles : — Calyx 0. Corolla monopetala 2-3 raro 4-partita corneo- carnosa, laciniis ovatis concavis patentibus. Stam. 2-3-4. Anthera sessilis medio lucini- arum affixa libera subglobosa unilocularis transversim dehiscens membranacea. Ovarium 0: sed ejus loco glandulu parva 2-3-4-loba. — F(EM. brevissime pedicellati: — Ca/. ovalis compressus carnosus bidentatus ovarium uniovulatum fere omnino tegens ct ei adnatus. Cor. 0. Stam. 0. Stylus 0. Stigma parvum obscure lobatum. Fructvs: Bacca anguste ol)ovata teres breve pedicellata monosperma. Semen pulpo viscido pellucido inimersuni, summo loculo affixum pendens obovato-cylindraceum basi acuminatum. Integumentum tenue. Albumen carnosum. Embryo immersus, versus basin seminis, axilis cylindricus. Radicula ad liilum seminis versa. Zo&t cotydedonei breves subdivaricati. — Vrixiex parvus aphyllus 278 CAPRIFOLIACE^. [Sambucut, subcarnostts in arboribus reainiferia Europce meridiontUia Americceque borealia paraaiticua, aphyllus valde prol\fere ramoaua, ramia oppoaitis obtuae tetragonia ; more Solicornise arti- culatua, articulia auperne vaginantibua aubpelv\formibus. Flores terminaka atque lateraka acepe terni parvi inconapicui. 1. A. Oxycedri; (Tab. XCIX.) " Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc. Suppl. p 029." Spreng. Syat. Veget, v. 3. p. 901. — " Razoumowskia Caucasica. Hoffm. Hort. Moaq. 1808. Mr. n. \.f. 1. «-i."— V'iscum Oxycedri. De Cand. Fl. Ft. ed. 3. v. 3. p. 901. Bigel Ft. Taur. Cauc. v. 2. p. 406. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 283. Haii. On Pinus ponderota. West side of the Rocky Monntaina. Douglas. On Pimu BanJuiana, from the Spokan River on the West side of the Rocky Mountain*, in lat 47°, to the Rocky Mountaini, and thence to Hudson's Bay on the East, in lat. 57°. Douglas. Drummond, — Mr. Douglas entertained an idea that the specimens in his Herbarium of this curious parasite, gathered on Pinus ponderosa, were different from those found on P. Banksiana: but the only difference consists in the latter being loaded with female, the former with male flowers, which certainly gives a very different appearance to the extremities of the numerous branches. It is remarkable too, that all Mr. Drummond's specimens, (and they were all found upon P, Banksiana,) are male plants. These, and Mr. Douglas' plants, have been carefully compared with Europiean ones, found growing on the Juniperus Oxycedrus, some from the South of France, (I.auguedoc, gathered by M. Bory de St. Vincent,) and others from Caucasus, communicated to me by Mr. Prescott, and I must confess I can perceive no specific difference in them whatever. In general, but not always, those from the old world, are greener or blacker when dry, the American more yellow. I regret that I have it not in my power to consult the Appendix of Bieberstein's Fl. Taur. Cauc, nor the Hort. Mosq. of Hoffni : — so that I am unable to take advantage of any remarks they may have nuule respecting characters of this plant, as distinguishing it from the Oenus Viscum : but as no analysis of the flowers has any where been represented, I have thought it right to figure them here : and if Viscum album be considered the typo of that Genus, our plant appears to me very distinct, not only in habit, but, remarkably, in the nature of the anthers and in the constantly single and vertical embryo. Tab. XCIX. A. Oxycedri. Fig. 1, Diandrons male flowerj Jig. 2, The same, with part of the upper joint of the branch removed to show the two young ramuli ; Jig. 3, Triandrous male flower ; ^g. 4, Tetran- drous male flower; /ig. 5, Anther; /ig. 0, Dehiscent do. ; ^g. 7, Small branch from a female plant; Jig. a. Female flower ; Jig. 9, Section of do. ; ^g. 10, Fruit ; Jig. 1 1, Seed enveloped by iw viscid pulp; Jig. 12, Section of do., showing the embryo : — all more or less magnified. — Figs. 10-12, are from European specimens ; the rest from the American ones. Onn. XLVIII. CAPRIFOLIACEiE. Jusa. (excl. Sect. 2 et i.) Trib. I. Sambvce^. Corolla gamopetala regularis rotata seu petalis 5 (equalibiis basi tantuin cotwretis conatam, rariua tubuloaa. Stylua nuUm. Stigmata 3 sesailia. DC. 1. SAMBUCUS. Limu Calycis limbiia parvus 5-fidus. Cor. rotata urceolaris 5-fida, lobis obtusis. Stamina 5. Stylua nullus. Stigmata 3 sessilia. Dacca subrotunda vix coronata pulposa I-locularis (Gsertn.) 3-.5-sperma; funiculi in axi bacctc semina gerentes oblonga hinc aiigulata. — Frutices aut herbse odore gravi. Folia opposita impari-pinnatiaecta, segtnentia dentatis nut pinnatisectia aut laciniatia, basi biatipulata aut biglandulosa. Corymbi (aut cymi) ter- mincUea nunc plani nunc in Ihyraum congeati. Flores aU)i inttrdum subincamati. DC. . t'ibumum.] CAPRIFULlACEiG. a7u 1. S. Canadenaia; frutescens, foliis pinnatis subpinnatisve foHolis oblongo-ovulibus rigidiusculis ocuminatis subtus miigis minusvc pubescentibus, cymis d-fidis. — Linn. Sp, PI. p. 385. Mich. Am. v. I. p. 181. Purah, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 203. Elliolt, Carol, v. i. p. 368. Biffel. Fl. Jioat. ed. 2. p. 119. Torrty, Fl. of Un. Si. v. 1. p. 521. De Cand. Prodr. V. 4./>. 822. Had. Throughout Canada, as far as the Saakatchawan. Drummond. Dr. Richardson, — Berries (lee|i bluish bkck. 2. 5. racemoaa ; Iruticosa foliis pinnatis foliolis 5-7 tenui-membranaceis ovato-lanceolu- tis oblongisve acuminatis serratis subtus praecipue pubescentibus, paniculis thyrsoideis. — a. foliolis 5 ovato-lanceolatis. S. racemosa. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 386. Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 59. Dc Cand. Prodr. v, 4,. p. 323. — S. pubens. Mich. Am. v. I. p. 181. Purah, Fl. Am. v. \. p. 204. Elliott, Carol, v. \. p. 368. Digel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 118. Torrey, Fl.ofUn. St. v. 1. p. 321. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 323. — i3. foliis majoribus, foliolis 7 oblongis. Had. Canada, and as far as the Saskatchawan.— /9, Rocky Mountains on the East side. Drumnumd. Shores of the Columbia, near Fort Vancouver, and at its confluence with the sea. Dr Scouler. Douglu*. — The Rocky Mountain specimens, and, more especially, those from the Pacific, arc remarkable for the great size and length of their leaflets : and their being almost contitantly seven upon each rachis. But I do not find that these, or the Eastern state of the plant, can in any way be distinguished from the Europiean S. racemosa, which I also have from Siberia. The fruit is red. 2. VIBURNUM. Linn. Ccdycia limbtta parvus 5-fidus persistens. Corolla rotuta subcampanulata aut tubulosa 5-loba. Stamina 5 aequalia. Stigmata 3 sessilia. Bacca abortu l-sperma ovata aut globosn calycinis dentibus coronata. Semen compressum. — Frutices. Folia oppoait€i petiolata. Corymbi (sett cymi) terminates. Flores albi aut vix subroaei. DC. 1. V. prunifolium; foliis obovato*subrotundi5 ovalibusque glabrb submembranaceis brevi-acuminatis argute serratis, petiolis marginatis, baccis ovatis (atro-cseruleis.) — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 383. Purah, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 201. 2'orrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 318. De Cand. Prodr. V. 4. p. 325. Wata. Dendrol. t. 23. Har. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd, — The specimens accord ivith those of Dr. Torrey, and with the figure in Watson's Dendrc^ngia : but it seems very nearly allied to V. nudum. The leaves are broader, and more membranaceov 2. F. Ijcnta'-); foliis lato-ovatis acuminatis oi'gute serratis glabris, petiolis margine angustissimo crispo, corymbis terminalibus sessilibus, (baccis nigris.) DC. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 384. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 178. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 1. />. 201. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 1 16. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 365. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. I. p. 318. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 325. JVata. Dendrol. t.2l. Hau. Throughout Canada, to the Saskatchawan. Dr, Todd. Dr. Richardson. Mr. Drummond. 3. V. nudum ; foliis ovali-oblongis basi angulatis obtusiusculis margine revolutis obsolete crenulutis glabris, petiolis squumato-puberulis, corymbo pedunculato exinvolucrato. DC. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 383. Mich. Am. v. \. p. 178. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 201. Bigel, Fl. Boat. I i % 280 CAPRIFOLIACEiK. [Viburnum. ed. 2. p. 116. FAliott, Carol, v. 1. ;>. 365. Simti. Uot. Mag. t. 8281. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 326. IVat: Dendrol. t 20.— \'. squuinutuni. mild. Enum.—WaU. J)endrol. t. 24.— V. pyrifolium. Pair, et Pur»h. (according to Ilu/tard in Boott'a Herb.) Hab. About Quebec. Mri. Pereival. Mm. Sheppard. Newfoundland. Aftu Brenton. Dr. Morrison. Sonkatvhawan. Drummond. — I cannot luititify myielf of permanently diitinfniiHhin); characten between thin imd the two procedin|if ii|>ecieii. 4. F. lantanoides ; foliis orhiculari-sulicoriiutis brcvc ucuminatis dentato-.scrrntis serni- turis muticis, ramulis pctiolis nervisque pulverulento-tomentosis, coryinbis tcrminnlihus !>ul)sessilil)us, floribus cxterioribiis corynibi nmxiinis iibortivis rndiantibus, buccis ovatis. — Mich. Am. v.\.p. 179. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 203. Torrey, Fl. qf Un. St. t>. 1. p. 319. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 319. — V. Lnntnna. 3. gnindiflonnn. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. »". 1. p. 392. — V. grandifolium. Sm. Haii. Canada. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. Altout (juobec. Mm, Sheppard. Mri. Pereival. — It in remarkable that few BotaniNts notice the very larjfo marffinal llowem of this corymb, which are remarkably radiant. Ob CandoUe pUces the pbint in a division of the Oenus " Corj/mbi non radianles," 5. V. dentatum ; glnbriiisculum, foliis ovatis subrotundisve grosse dcntato-serratis plicatis, iiervis pennntis crassis, coryinbis pedunculatis fructibus subglobosis. DC. — Li)tn. Sp. PI. p. .S84. Jocq. Hort. Find. v. \. t. 36. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. \. p. 202. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 364. liiffel. Fl. Bast. ed. 2. p. 116. Torrey, FL of Un. St. v. 1. ;;. 319. De Cand. Prodr. v. I. p. 327. iUii. La Grande Chaudi^re. Pursh. — I have not seen a specimen of this species from the British Posses- xions. 6. r. pultescens ; pul)escenti-villosuni, Ibliis ovatis ncuminatis breve pctiolatis grosse dentato-serratis subtus villosis, nervis pinnatis prominulis, corynibis pedunculatis, i'ructu ovato parvo. DC— Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 202. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 320. /> Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 327. — V. dentatum. /3. pubescens. Ait. — W dentatum. var. semi- tomentosum. Mich. Am, r. \. p. 179. — V. \\afincsi\mfxnum. Itoem. et Schultes. Syst. Veget. V. 6. p. 630. Has. Lake Winipejf. Dr. Jticfiardsoii. Dnimmend. — I quite agree with Dr. Torrey that this is a distinct species from V. dentatum, distinguishable by its downy sharp leaves, and very short petioles. 7. F. ellipticuin ; foliis ellipticis obtusis breve peiiolatis paralielim venosis superne praecipue grosse serratis subtus (nervis prtecipue) valde hirsutis, corymbis densis pedunculatis, ovariis liirsutissimis, baccis ovali-globosis nigris. — /3. ovariis glabris. Hah. ('ommon on the branches of the Columbia, near its confluence with the PaciAc. Douijhis. — A small shrub from two to four feet high, with ghibrous, pale brown bark. Leaves about two inches long, very hairy beneath, having from three to five principal nerves springring from the l*ase. In most of the specimens the germuns are clothed with long hairs ; in one, quite gbbrous. Berrries deep black, liu-ge. 8. F. acerifoUum ; foliis cordato-ovatis sa-pe trilobis laxe serratis subtus velutinis, petiolis eglandulosis junioribus basi stipulaceis subtomentosis, corymbis terminalibus pedunculatis non radiantibus. DC. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 384. Fent. Hort. Celt. t. 72. Pursh. FL Am. v. 1. p. 203. JiigeL FL Rost. ed. 2. p. 116. Elliott Carol, v. I. p. 364. Torrey, FL of Un. St. V. 1. p. 320. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 327. Lonicent.] CAPRIFOLIACRiC. Had. Throuithout CKnada, from Lake Huron to the SMkatchawM. Dr. Riehardum. Drummond Newfoundland. Mr. Curnmch. De la Pyluie. Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia. Dr. Scoultr. DmgUu. — Berriea block. 9. V. Oxycoccoa ; fuliis trilobatis postice acutis trinervibus, lobis divaricatiii acuminutiii grusse rnriterquc dentnto-scrratis, pctiolis glundulosu, corymbis rndiantibus. DC. — Pursh, Fl. Am. V. \. p 243. Torrey, Fl. qf Un. St. v. I. p. 320. Bigel. Ft. Bust. cd. 2. p 116. Rich. inFrankl. latJourn. erf, 2. App.p. 10. — V. opulus. /3. Americiina. Ait. — V. opulus. /3. Piminii. Mich. Am. v. \.p. 130. — V. molle. Mich. Am. v.\.p. 180? — ^. aubintegr\folium : tbliis subincisis subtus valde pubescentibus. Had. Throughout Canada to the Arctic circle. Dr. Richardion, and from Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Mountains. Douglas, Drummond. — /3. Columbia. Dr. Scouler. Douglai. — This seems scarcely different from V. opulus of Europe, os far as I con judge from the characters giveh, and from the dried specimens. 10. V.eduk; foliis trilobatis postice obtusiusculis trinervibus, lobis brcvissimis denti- culato-serratis, serruturis acuminntis, petiolis glandulosis, corymbis rndiantibus. DC. — Purah, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 203. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 321. Rich, in Frankl. \at Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 10. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 328. — V. opulus. var. edule. Mich. Am. V. I. p. 180. Hab. Canaila. Pursh. Saskatchewan, (Drummond.) to Skve Lake, in lat. 06°. Dr. Richardson.— h this really distinct from the preceding? It appears to differ in no particuldr, except the broader base of the leaves. The fruit is edible in both. That of V. Oxycoccos is said by Dr. Torrey to be sometimes employed as a substitute for Cranberries. Trib. LoNiCEREJG. Dr. Corolla gamopetala plua minua tubulosa awpius irregularis. Stylus Jiliformia. Stigmata 3 libera aut in unicum concreta. DC. 3. DIFRVILLA. Toum. Calycis tubus oblongus basi bibracteatus, limbus 5-fidus. Corolla infundibuliformis 3-fida patens calyce duplo longior. Stam. 5 subexserta. Stigma capitatum. Capsula oblonga acuta non coronata 1-locidaris. Semina plurima niinuta. — Frutices erecti. Folia ovata acuminata serrata. Pedunculi axillares bibractt ati stepius dichotomi 2-3-4/?ort. DC. I . D. Canadensis ; foliis breve petiolatis ovatis acuminatis serratis petiolisque glabris. WiUd. Enum. v. \. p. 222. EUiM, Carol, v. \. p. 273. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 69. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 330.— D. Tournefortii. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 107. Tarrey, Fl. qf Un. SLv. 1./). 239. Hak Throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan, and from Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Mountains. 4. LONICEBA. Desf. Calycis tubus d-dentatus. Corolla tubulosa campanulatn aut infundibuliformis limbo 5-fido, ssepe irregularis. Stam. 5. Stylus filitbrmis. Stigma capitatum. Bacca 5-locul. loculis oligospernus. Semina Crustacea. — Frutices interdum scandentes. Folia oppoaita, interdum connata, integra aut in iisdem speciebus subruncinata. Flores axillares dispositione varii. DC. VOL. I. 3 N ji k 882 CAPRIFOLIACB/B. [Lonictra, Sect. I. CAHniroMUM. Bacete tnlitarin juniorei 8-locvlarf» tape \-hcul. calyctM tubo pernntente conmala. Caulet tcandenttt. JFtoren capitato-verticillati. DC. 1. L. hirtuta; volubilis, foliii late ovnto-cllipticis brcvitcr pctiolatis puhescentitniK cilialisijiic.iubtus glaucis lumniii connato-pcrfoliatis, verticillis capitntii*, corollis pubvsccnti- Klanilulosis tubo infcrnc subinflnto. — " /?ato». Man. qf Hot. id. 3. p. 311 ." ed. ^. p. 352. Torrey, I'l. qf Uii. St. v. 1. p. 242. BigtI. Ft. Bout. ed. 2. p. 88. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3163. — I^>iiiccm pubesccns. Sw. Hort. Brit. p. 194. De Cand. l*rodr. v. 4. p. 332. — Cuprifolium pubcscins. iioldie, in Ed. Phil. Journ. (1822.) v. 6. p. 323. Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 27. Hab. Canada. Mr. Qoldit. Mr, Cleghom. Punh. (according; to a apMiraen communicated by Mr; Sttriipanl.) Lake Hnron. Dr. Todd. — This appear* to hold the place in the more Northern partt, which lujiava do«« in the South ; of which, indeed, Or. Torrey miapectit it to be a variety. 2. L. parvijlora; volubilis, foliis ellipticis scssilibus subconnutis glul>ris subtus valde ginucis summiii connato-perfoliatis, verticillis capitatis corollis glabris tubo bnsi hinc gibbosu, filanicntis .hirsutis. — « referred to this Oenus, and to the present division of it. The leaves are scarcely more than six lines lung, uniform, exactly cordate, very villous as well as the twining stem, with brown hispid hairs. It is quite different from any specie* with which I am acquainted. Sect. II. Xylosteon. PedkeUi axiUares apice bil/racteati hiflori. liacca gemina dislincta, aut plus minus concreta, juniorea 3-locid. rarius adulta '2-locul. calycis deciduo limbo turn coronatce, Hores breviorea. Fruticea acandenUa et irecti, /oiiia nunquam connatia. 7. L. ciliala; caule erecto, foliis ovnto-cordiitis oblongisvc tenuibus ciiintis junioribiis subtus villosis, pedunculo clongato, bracteis 2 ovatis ovuriis distinctis triplo brcvioribus, corollu busi obtuse calcarata lobis brevibus subaequalibus, baccis distinctis divaricatis (rubris.) — Muhl. Cat. p. 22. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 333. — Xylosteum ciliatum. Purah, Fl. Am. r. !./>. 161. (excl. syn. &. album.) Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v.l.p. 245. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2, p. 88. — X. Tataricum. Mich. Am. v, 1. p. 166. (non Linn.) — L. Canadensis. Jloem. et Schultea, v, 5. p. 260. Has. Throughout Canada to the Soskatchawan, frequent. 8. L.c(:rHlea; caule erecto, foliis ovali-oblongis ciliatis subrigidis junioribus priecipue pubescenti-l'irsutis, pedunculis brevissimis fructiferis rcflexis, bracteis 2 subulatis ovario longioribus, corollse glabrte tubo brevi basi hinc gibboso lobis brevibus erectis subsequalibus, l)!irris in unicam globosam biumbilicatam (atro-cseruleam glaucam) concretis. Linn. Sp, Pi. p. 249. Pall. Fl. Rosa. v. \. t. 37. Gmel. Sib. v. 3. />. 131. Jacq. Auatr. v. 5. App. p. 35. t. 17. Sims, Hot. Mag. t. 1965. Rich, in Franhl. \at Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 6. De Cand. Prodr. V. 4. p. 337. — L. villosa. MuM. Cat. p. 22. De Cand. Prodr. v. i.p. 337. (excl. syn. X. oblongifolii. Gold.) Hook, et Am. in Bot, of Beech. Voy. v. \. p. 115. — Xylosteum villosum. Mich. Am. v. I. p. 106. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 161. (descr. mala.) Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. V. 1. p. 243. (excl. syn. X. oblongifolii. Gold.) Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 88. Rich, in Franhl. \at Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 6. — X. Solonis. Eaton. — Lonicera velutina. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 334. Hab. Throughout the woody country, and as far North as Lit. 60°. Dr. Ricliardson, to the Moontaina in the West. Drummond. Labrador and Ncwfoundbind. Dr. Morrisott.— After a most careful examination and comparison of this with the Europtean L. cnruka, I ran discover no difference whatever, and Dr. Rich- ardson has found it to agree >vith Pallas' Siberian specimens, in Sir Joseph Banks' Herbarium. I have the 284 CAPKIFOLlACEiG. [Symphorienrpui. xame from Kamtschatka, gathered by Chamisgo. Oar plant is identical with the specimens " firom near Williams- town, Massachusetts," but not with those from the " Western States of New York," sent to me by Dr. Torrey. 'the latter are the L. obhngifolia. In some of my specimens, especially from Labrador, the umbilici of the ovaries are ciliated, when it becomes the L. velutina of Do CandoUe. 9. L. oblonffifolia ; caule erecto, foliis oblongis ovalibusve subtus pnccipue velutino- pubescentibus, pedunculis elongatis crectis etiam fructiferis, bracteis obsolctis, corollse hii'su^ 'J tubo basi hinc gibboso limlx) inaequali profunde bilabinto Itibio super iore 4-dentnto inferiore subintegro, baccis in unicnin ^lobosam biumbilicatam (sicco cssruleo-nigricantein) concretis. (Tab. C.) — Xylosteum obldngifolium. Goldie, in Edin,Phil. Journ, v, 6. p. 323. Frutex 4-pedaIis, erectus, valde ramosus ; ramis cortice cinercn Isevi tectis, junioribus pubesccntibus. Folia 2-3-uncialia, membronaceo^ubcoriacea, sessilia seu brevissimo pctiolata, plerumquu oblonga, nonnun- c(iiam lanccolata, rarius supeme latiora, supra pvVescentia, juniora preecipue, subtus pubescenti-vulutina. Pcdunculi axillares, oppositi, unciam lougi, gracitlimi, semper, ctiam fructiferi, crecti. Bracteai obsolete seu nulLe. Corollee hirsutie ilava; (V) tubut basi hinc gibbosus; limbo profundo in labia 2 inaequalia bifido, labio superiore multo latiorc, 'l-dentato, inferiore lineari integro patente. AntfiercB lineanw, longw, versatiles, vix exsertic. ' Gertnina 2 in unum urceolatum non raro bifidum concreta, glabra. Stylus hirsutus staminum longitudine. Bacca cteruleo-nigra, magnitudine seminis Piti sativi, globosa, umbilicis seu calycibus 2 parvis .)-deutatis coronata. Hab. Island of Montreal in the St LawTence. 3Ir. Goldie. Abont Montreal. Mr. Cleghom, Lake Winipeg. Drummoud. — It was at my suggestion that Mr. Goldie published this as a new species, in the Rdiuburgli Pliilosopliical Journal : yet, although it is there very accurately described, my valued friend Dr. Torrey has referred it to the L, villosa of American authors; L. ccerulca of the present work. At this I am the more surprised, because he is not unacquainted with the two plants, and has communicated both species to me, under the luune of Xylosteum viUosum, of Miohaux : — that from " Williamstown, Mussachu- setts," is undoubtedly the true L. villosa; that from " the Wcstcni part of the State of New York," is certainly our L. oblongifulia. This latter differs from the former in its more downy leaves, in the great length of the constantly erect peduncles, in the obsolete bractea;, in the hairy corolla, which, too, is very different in shape, and in the linear anthers. It seems to be a rare species : only three specimens arc in Mr, Drummond's collection, one barren, and two with berries. Tab. C. L. oblongifolia. Fig. I, Two flowers from the connate gcrmeiis; Ji. 413. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. f). 241. Hook, et Am. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. V. 1. p. 125. INclt. in Frankl. \sl Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 24. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 340. Had. Throughout the woody country, from Lake Huron to the Arctic Circle, and from Newfoundland, {Dr. Morrison. Miss Brenton.) and Labrador, (Dr. Morrison.) on the East, to the Columbia, (Mr. Menzies. Douglas. Dr. Scouler.) Unalaschka, ( Chamisso.) and Kotzebue's Sound (Messrs. Lay and Collie.) on the WeHt — This beautiful and interesting plant seems to have its maximum in British North America. Speci- mens with the largest fuliogo are from the Columbia; those with the smallest, and very compact in habit, and bearing the most copious flowers, are from the Rocky Mountains. Ori). XLIX. RUBIACEiE. Jiiss. Till). 1. HEDYoriBEiE. Cham, et Schlechl. — Fntctus capsularis bilocularis, locidicido- dehiscens out submembranacens indehisccns, loculis jMlyspermis. Sem non alata, albumine carnoso. — Frutices aut Herbcc. Folia opposita. Stipulce interpetiolares. DC. til, m ;:v 286 RUBIACE^ [Hetfyolit, 1. HEDYOTIS. LauL-Ach. Bich. (Hedyotis et Oldenlandia auct. — Houstonin Sp. ovar. infero. Mich. — Dunalia. Spreng. non Kunth. Anotis. Z)C.) Calycis limbua 4-dentatus aut 4-partitus persistens. Corolla tubulosa, brevis aut longior ; limbo 4-fido subpatente ; fauce ssepius barbata. Stamina 4 inclusa aut vix exserta, antheris ovatis brevibus. Stylus simplex longitudine staminum aut paulo brevior. Stigma bilobum aut bipartitum. Capaula globoso-didyma, aut ovoideo-oblonga, calycis dentibus coronata, bilocularis, loculis polyspermis, apice transversim incomplete loculicido-bivalvis ; seminibus minimis numerosis aut paucioribus subpolyedris scrobiculatis. — Herbae ramoscB aut baai mffrutescentea, foliis oppositis vagina stipulari aeepius disaecta connatia ; floribua parvulia axillaribua aolitariia binia autpluribus terminalibusque. Ach. Rich. 1. H. cairulca; caulibus erectis subdichotomis foliis ovato-lanceolatis basi attenuatis rudicalibus spathulatis pauce hirsutis, pedunculis elongatis unifloris, corollis hypocrateri- formibus lobis acutis. — a. caulibus elongatis dichotomis. Houstonia cseralea. Linn. Sp. PL p. 152. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 106. Sima, Bot. Mag. t. 370. EUiott, Carol, v. 1. p. 192. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. I. p. 172. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 53. — Houstonia Linnsei, «. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 84. — ^. caulibus brevis»mis pedunculis elongatis solitariis caespitoso- divaricatis. Houstonia cterulea. /3. minor. Purah, Fl, Am. v. \.p. 106. — H. Linnsei. |3. Mich. Am. V. \.p. 85. — H. patens. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 191. — H. serpyllifolia. Mich. Am. v. I. p. 85. Purah, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 106. Elliott, Carol, v. \. p. 198. Graham, in Bot. Maj. I. 2822. Hab. a. About Quebec. Mrs. Percival. — /3. Fort William, on Lake Superior. Dr. Richardson, Drum- mond. — Of this certainly variable little plant, I have received only a solitary specimen of the var. ee. from Canada, and three or four of the var. /3. from Fort William, in lat 48°, which may perhaps be considered its Northern boundary. This latter does not appear to me to differ specifically from the more usual appear- ance of the H. ceeruka, although many Botanists keep them distinct. 2. H. longifolia ; caule erecto ramose tetragono ad geniculas prsecipue pubescente, foliis lineari-oblongis radicalibus inferne attenuatis, stipulis lato-ovatis integris vel bi-tridentatis membranaceis albis, corollis infundibuliformibus. — Houstonia longifolia. Geertn. de Fruct. v.i.p. 2266. t. 49./ 8. (quoad fruct.) fVilld. Sp. PI. p. 583. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 53. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 192. Ibrrey, Fl. o/Un. St. v. I. p. 173. Hook, in Bot Mag. t. 8099. — Houstonia angustifolia. Mich. Am. v. I. p. 85. Purah, Fl, Am. v. 1. p, 106. Hab. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. Abundant about Lake Winipeg and the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson. Drummond. Douglas. 3. H. ciliolata; "foliis radicalibus ovatis obtusis basi attenuatis marginibus ciliatis caulinis ovato-spathulatis sessilibus, iloribus corymbosis terminalibus pedicellatis, pedunculis trlehotomis, segmentis calycinis lineari-lanceolatis, caule glabro superne ranioso." Houstonia ciliolata. Torrey, FL of Un. St. v. I. p. 174. Had. Goat IsLtud, Falls of Niagara. Prof. Hadtey, (in Torrey.) — With this I am unacquainted, — What particular species of Houstonia, of Michaux, Jussicu may have had in view when, in the 10th volume of the Aniudes du Museum, he referred the Genus to GentianecB, I have no means of determining : but certain it Ctphalanthus,] RUBIACEiE. 287 18, that all those which I hare had the opportunity of eyamining are referable to the Rubiacem, and I think to Anotia of De CandoUe, in which Genus that author has indeed placed the Houatonia rotundifolia of Elliott. But Anotia is probably not distinct from Hedyotia,-mXlx which Houatonia seems to me entirely to agree, and I have no hesitation in uniting them, especially as I find that such an union has the sanction of Auguste d« St. Hilaire, who says of Hedyotia, " ce genre pavoit devoir dtre rluni non-aeulement aux Houatonia, mais encore aux Oldenlandia." Hence I have adopted the character of Hedyotia, as given by Achille Richard, in his valuable " Memoire sur la FamiUe des Rubiao^s." Trib. II. GuETTARDAUE^. Fructua drupaceus, pyrenis 2-5 monospermis, Semina teretia elongata sapius erecta. Albumen carnosum. Frutices aut Arbuscuke. Folia opposita aut rariits tema, cum stipulia interpdiolaribus. DC. • 2. MITCHELLA. Lim. Calycis tubus ovato-globosus (interdum cum flore altero concretus,) limbus maximus 4-dentntus. Corolla infundibuliformis, tubo tereti, fauce lobisque patentibus intus hirtis. Staminumfilamenta tubo adnata fere usque ad faucem, antheroB ovatae vix exsertJE. Stylus filifoi'tnis. Stigmata 4 inclusa. Bacca subgloboso, calycis dentibus coronata 4-pyrena, (aut 8-pyrena, ubi baccae duae coalescunt;) pyrenee cornese l-spermse. Albumen subcartila- gineuin. Embryo minutus erectus cotyledonibus brevissimis. — Herbse Americana glabrm repentes Linnaese aut Nerteriae facte. Folia subrotunda aut ovata. Stipulse utrinque soli- tarite miiiimce. Flores axillares aut terminates, nunc gemini et concreti ad apicem pediculi, nunc svlitarii sessiles. DC. 1. M.repens; foliis subrotundis, floribus ad apicem pedunculi duobus ovario concretis. DC— Linn. Sp. PL p. 152. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 86. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. \. p. 101. Elliott, Carol. V. 1. p. 198. Bigel. Fl. Host. ed. 2. p. 52. Torrey, Ft. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 174. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 452. Har. Upper Canada. Purah. Dr. Todd. Mrs, Percival. Mra. Stieppard. — This seems to be altogether conBned to the Southern limits of the British Possessions, and to be unknown on the West side. Trib. III. Spebmacoce^. Cham, et Schlecht. — Stigma bilamellatum. Fructua siccus autparce carnosus constans mericarpiis scepiua 2, rarius 3-4, monospermis nunc concretis nunc secedentihus indehiscentibus nunc varie dehiscentibus. Albumen carnoso-subcorneutn. Frutices aut HerlxB. Folia opposita. Stipulwlmsimembranaceaapicesapius multisets. DC. 3. CEPHALANTHUS. Linn. Calycis tubus obverse pyramidatus, limbua angalatus 4-dentatus. Cor. tubulosa gracilis limbo 4-fido, lobis erectiusculis. Stam. 4 brevia summo tubo inserta vix exserta. Stylu^i longe exsertus. Stigma capitatum. Fructua inverse pyramidatus coronatus coriaceus 2 (-4?) locul. 2(--4?) partibilis, loculis 1-spermis indehiscentibus interdum abortu vocuis. Sem. oblonga epiphysi callosa supra terminata. Etnbryo inversus in albumine subcnrtila- gineo, rad. supera. — Frutices. Rami teretes. Folia opposita aut tema. Stipulse breve,>i distincUe aut subconcretw. Pedunculi ex axillia supremia et apice ramorumorti nudi. Cap- itulum globosum. Flores supra receptaculum spharicum piligerum sessiles, dense aggreyati, sed distincti, ochroleuci. DC. 288 RUBIACEiE. [Oaliutn. 1. C. occidentalis; foliis oppositis ternisve ovatis ovalibusque acuminatis, pedunculis capitulo multo longioribus ssepius ternis ad apices ramorum. DC. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1S8. Mich. Am. v. I. p. 87. Purah. Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 114. Bigel Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 5\. Elliott, Carol. V. 1. p. 186. Torrey, H. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 164. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 638. Had. Canada. Michaux. Mrs. Percival, Trib. IV. Stellate. Bay. — Flores hermaphroditi rarius diclini. Corollm rotates aut infundibuliformes, labia per aativationem valvatis. Styli duo aut fere a baai diatincti aut plua minua in unicum concreti. Stigmata capitata. Fructus constana mericarpiia duobua indehiscentibua monoapermia. Semina apericarpio et calyce vix diatincta. Albumen cor- neum. — Suffruticea aut aapiua Herba. Folia oppoaita ad axillam gemmifera, et atipula foliiformea {vulgo etiam folia dictcs) utringue 1, 2 aut 3 gemmidia deatituta verticillum for- mantea. Radicea aape rubra et ad rubrum colorem tinctoria. DC. 4, GALIUM. Scop. Cal. tubus ovato-globosus aut oblongus, limbus vix uUus. Cor. 4-partita rotata, rarissime 3-partita. Stam. brevia. Styli 2 breves. Fructus didymus subrotundus rarius ublongus siccus, constans mericarpiis 2 indehiscentibus l-spermis. — Herbse ramoaa. Folia cum atipulia verticillata. In£orescentia varia. DC. * Fructibus lesvibua glabris. 1. G. Claytoni; caulibus debilibus foliisque quaternis quinisve obtusis lineari-ellipticis innrginibus costaque retrorsum scabris pedunculis axillaribus raro terminalibus 1-2-floris, corollis 3-4-fidis, fructu glabro. — Mich. Am. v. \. p. 78. Bich. in Frankl. \at.Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 4. Boem. et Schultea, Syat. Veget. v. 3. p. 222. — G. trifidum. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 153. (vix. Wald. ?) Purah, Fl. Am. v. \.p. 108. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 194. Torrey, Fl.ofUn. St. v.\. p. 165. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 56. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 597. Cham, et Scldecht. in Linnaa, v. 4. p. 221. — G. tinctorium. Bich. in Frankl. latJoum. ed. 1. App, n. 40. — " Aparine a. n. 558. Gronov. Fl. Virg. 18. fide Herb. Gronov." (Bich.) Had. Throughout Canada, and as far North as lat, 68°. (Dr. Richardson.) Newfoundland. Dr. Mor- rison. Miss BretUon. Columbia. Douglas. Dr. Scouler. Unalaschka. Chamisso. — The Europaean G. tiijidum is a much slenderer plant than the American, and has, as Dr. Richardson well remarks, longer recurved and cnpiilary peduncles : and from which ours is probably distinct 2. G. tinctorium ; caulibus decumbentibus foliisque quaternis senisve linearibus obtusis marginibus costaque retrorsum scabris, pedunculis axillaribus terminalibusque subcorymbosis plurifloris, corollis 4-fidis, fructu glabro. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 153. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 102. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 54 ? Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v.i.p. 166. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 597. Had. Canada. Pursh, Mrs. Sheppard. Mrs. Percival. Newfoundland. Dr. Morrison, Miss Brenton. Straits of de Fuca, North -West coast of America. Dr. Scouler. — Nearly allied to the preceding, but accord- ing to my specimen:! from the British Possessions, and others from the United States, a larger and stouter plant, with more numerous flowers on a peduncle, and these peduncles so crowded towards the upper part of the plant as to give it a copiously paniclcd appearance. It ^s said that from the root of this the Indians Galium.] RUBIACE^. 289 prepare the red dye with which they colour the feathers and other omaments of their dreaa. Some speci- mens of G, palustre of our country, when they have more numerous leaves than usual, are scarcely distin- guishable from the C tirfrtorium, 3. G. asprellwm ; caulibus decumbentibus foliusis angulis foliorumque margine et nervo manifeste retro-aculeolatis, foliis senis ovnli-lanceolntis acumine flaccido ramulis floriferis versus summitates paucis foliosis, floribus albis brevissime pedicellatis, fructu glabro. DC, — Mich. Am. v. I. p. 78. Pursh, Fl. Am. v.\.p. 103. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 54. Be Cand. Prodr. V. 4. p. 598. Had. The northern parts of Canada. Michaux. — I am unacquainted with this species, if it be really dis- tinct from the precediufr. What I have received from the United States, under this name, is identical with the G. Claytoni of this work. 4. G. rubioides ; caule erecto stricto tetragono glabriusculo, foliis quaternis lanceolatis latitudine quadruple quintuplove longioribus 3-nerviis subtus in nervis et margine ssepe scabris, pcdunculis axillaribus trichotomis folio multo longioribus in paniculam terminalem dispositis,bracteisovato-oblongis, fructu glabro. i)C — Linn. Sp. Pl.p. 152. Cham. etSchlecht. in Linnaa, v. 4. />. 220. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4./>, 599. — /3. foliis angustioribus longioribus, foliis paucioribus. G. rubioides. Hook, et Am. in Dot. of Beech. Voy. v. \. p. Mb et \2b. Had. /3, Kotzebue's Sound. Messrs. Lay and Collie. Abundant in dry elevated soils, under the shade of solitary Pines, in the valley of the Columbia, North -West America. Douglas. — The leaves in our speci- mens are almost as narrow as in G. boreale ; but the inflorescence and fruit are very different. I have received the same plant from the United States, under the name of Cr. Sermudianum. * * Fructu hispido. 5. G. boreale; caule erecto stricto tetragono glabriusculo, foliis quaternis lineari-lancco- latis 3-nerviis glabris, pedunculis axillaribus tricbotomis folio multo longioribus in pnniculam terminalem dispositis, bracteis obovato-orbiculatis. DC. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 156. Engl. Bot. t. 105. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 104. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 169. Rich, in Franhl. latJourn. ed. 1. n. 41. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 600. — G. strictum. Torrey, Cat. of PL of N. York, p. 23. — G. septentrionale. Boem. et Schultes, v. 3. p. 253. Bich. in Frankl. \st Jour II. ed. 2. App. p. 4. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 54. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 601. Hab. Falls of Niagara. Torrey. From Lake Winipeg to the Rocky Mountains, and to lat. 08° North, abundant Douglas. Drummond. Richardson. Columbia River on the West coast. Mr. Garry. — Like Europiean specimens of G. boreale, this is liable to considerable variation ; but the numerous individuals in the Herbarium prove that the G. septentrionale of Roem. and Schultes, and of Dr. Richardson, generally passes into the more luual appearance of G. boreale. " The Cree women dye red with the roots of the G. Claytoni and G. boreale indiscriminately." Rich. 6. G. lanceolatum ; caule erecto glabro, foliis quaternis ovato-lanceolatis acutis margini- bus ciliato-scabris basi trinerviis, pedunculis terminalibus dichotomis divaricatis ("olio longioribus, floribus lateralibus sessilibus deflexis, corollis acutissimis, fructibus uiicinato- setosis.— 7b;-rey, Fl. of Uii. St. v. I. p. 163.— G. Torrcyi. Bigel. Fl. Bost. >d. 2. p. 56.— G. circsezans, /3. lanceolatum. Torrey, Cat.ofPl. ofN. York, p. 23. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4./>. 601. Hah. About Quebec. Mrs. Percival. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. — The true G. ciiccezniis has not, so far as I am aware, been found in the British Possessions ; and our G. lanceolatum only in their more southern parts. The leaves arc very dissimilar in the two, and Torrey finds these differences to be pcrniniient. My specimens of G. brachiatum, from the United States, arc not distinguishable from the present. VOL. I. 2 O 290 VALERIANE^. [Patrinin. 7. G. triflomm; caule procumbente tetragono hispido aut glabriusculo, foliis senis oblongis cuspidatis glabellis margine et secus nervos scabridis uninerviis, pedunculis axillari- bus et terminalibus, verticillis longioribus trifloris, floribus pedicellatis, fructibus setis apice uncinatis hispidis. DC. — Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 80. Pursh, Fl. Am. v.\.p. 104. Elliott, Carol, r. I. p. 197. Torrey, Fl.ofUn. St. v. 1. p. 167. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 56. De Cand. Prodr. V. 4. p. 602. — G. cuspidatum. Muhl. Cat. — G. suaveolens. WaM. Hab. From Canada, (Lake Huron, Dr. Todd; Quebec, Mrs. Percival, Mrs. Sheppard,) to the Rocky Mountains, and as far north as lat. &5P. Dr. Richardson, Dmtnnumd. West side of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific. Douglas, Dr. Scouler. Unalaschka. Chamisao. 8. G. micranthum ; caulibus ramosissimis divaricatis retrorsum aculeatis, foliis brevibus lanceolatis mucronatis glabris, margine carinaque aculeatis, ramulis floriferis divaricato- rarhulosis, pedicellis subbifloris, fructibus hispidis. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. \. p. 103. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St V. 1. p. 167. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 602. Had. Canada, Pursh, vrho says it very much resembles G. uliginosum. 9. G. Aparine; caule debili ramoso retrorsum aculeato-aspero ad nodos villoso, foliis uctonis lanceolato-linearibus apiculatis carina et margine retrorsum aculeato-scabris, pedunculis simplicibus bifidisque scabris, fructibus globoso-ilidymis setis apice uncinatis hispidissimis. DC— Linn. Sp. PL p. 157. Engl. Dot. t. 816, Pursh, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 103. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 57. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. r. 1. p. 166. De Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. (i08. — /3. minor; caulibus vix spithamseis. Had. " Etehmin," CaxaiAsi. Mrs, Sheppard. North -West coast of America. Columbia. />ou(//a«. D« Fuca. Dr. Scouler. /3, Abundant on the elevated soils near Fort Vancouver. Douglas. — My var. /3. appears to be the same with that which De CandoUe describes, " caule pygmaeo, foliis stepius sestoties minoribus." Ord. L. VALERIANEiE. DC. 1. PATRINIA. Juss. Cal. limbus truncatus aut erectus brevissimus sub5-dentatus. Cor. regularis ecalcriorii>utt petiolisquo hirsutiii supcriorihu!) subintegris, fluribus corymtxMo-piiniculatis. IViUd. linum, p. 817. Pumh, 11. Am. v, 2. p. 600. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 262.— L. longifolitu Muh. Am. v. 9. p. 85. (fido Elliott.)— L. birsutn. Muhl. Cat.—Nutt. Nov. (ten. v. 2. p. 124? Hah. Lake Huron. Dr. Toilil. PUini of the Honkitti'hawan. Dr. ItichanUon, Drummontl,—A» the lower leaven of this plant are frpqutmtly hairy, CNpecially ii|)on the pvtiolvii, I am diipoied to believe that the L. hirtula of Muhl. Cat. it the lame ap«cie«, and Dr. Torrey entertain* a liniikr opinion. 6. LEONTODON. Liim, Ini^olucrum imbricntum, foliolis nppressis seu cxtcrioribus putcntibus. Iteceptactdum planum, punctatnm, nudum. Pappus stipitatus, simplex. 1. L. Taraxacum; involucri squamis inferioribus rcflexis, foliis runcinatis dentatis. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1122. Engl. Hot. t. 510. Pur»h, El Am. v. 2. p. 407. Had. Throughout the Britiah PoMeasiona, and on both aidea of the Ilocky Mountaina. 2. L. pahistri' ; involucri foliolis ercctis appressis, foliis sinuato-dentatis glabriusculis. — Engl. Bot. t. 533. llich. in Eranhl. \iit Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 20. Has. ThrouKhout the British Poiwesttiona, and from Hudaon'a Bay to the Pacific. 3. L. hirautum ; ubiquo liirsutum, involucri foliolis ercctis appressis, foliis pinnatifidis segmentis inaequulibus remotis acuminntis. Hab. Mcnziea laland, and aandy bankg of the Columbia. Dwtgla*. Dr. Scouler.— The leaves of thii are very different from any of the numerous varieties of the two preceding species that I have seen ; and they iind the scapes and involucres ore very hairy ; the latter clothed with fulvous hairs. 0. APAROIA. Schreh. Inrolucrum imbricatum, foliolis intcrioribus aequulibus, exterioribus minoribus. Recep- taculum nudum, punctatum. Pappus plumosus, sessilis. 1 . A. autumnalis ; scn|M) ramoso superne squamoso, foliis lanceolatis dentatis seu pinna- tifidis glabriusculis, pedunculis superne incrassatis, involucro subpubcscente. — Willd. Sp. PI. p. 1550. Pursh, El. Am. v. 2. p. 497. — Hedypnois autumnalis. Huds. — Engl. Bot. I. 830. — Leontotlon uutumnule. Linn. Hau. Kcwfoundlund. Mr. Cormack. — Pursh pves this plant as a doubtful native of the New EngUnd States. It is probably also introduced into Newfoundland from Europe. 7. LAPSANA. Involucrum subcylindraccum c foliolis paucis liasi squamulosum. Receptaculum nudum. Achenia oblonga basi attenuuta. Pappus nullus. 1. L. communis; involucri fructu angulato, caule paniculato, pedunculis gracilibus, foliis ovatis petiolatis angulato-bovato-lii(< ellis divaricatis, involucris pilis longis albidis sparsis, " floribus albis." Had. Alpine woods in the Rocky Mountains, north of the Smoking River, in lat. 56°. Drummond. — This has somewhat the habit of H. Gronuvii, but it is very different in other particulars. The leaves are clothed with long, shaggy, very soft white hairs, which are copious, and remarkably deflexed on the petioles and base of the stem ; while the rest of the stem and the panicle are glabrous, and the involucre has only a few long, scattered, patent hairs. 5. H. Swuleri ; setoso-pilosum, pilis longis rigidis patentibus fuscescentibus, caule folioso paniculate, panicula anipla niultiflora ramis erectis, foliis lato-lanceolutis subcoriaceis rigidis acutis vix dentatis, radicalibus in petiolum breveni attenuatis, caulinis remotiusculis sessilibus, involucris fuscescenti-pubescentibus pube pilis longiusculis glandulosis immixto. Hah. At the mouth of the Columbia. Dr. Scouler. — A remarkable and distinct species ; in its very long coarse rigid hairs allied to H, echioides of Waldsteiu and Kitaibel, and to a very singular species from River St. Clair, United States, {H. lonyipilum, of Torrey, in Herb. Nostr. ;) but there the hairs are nearly an inch long, and remarkably upright and appressed. I possess our present pkint also from Dr. Schweinitz, gathered in Pennsylvania. (5. //. Gronovii; caule folioso, inferne prsBcipue patentini piioso superne poniculato, panicula subcompacta, foliis lato-seu obovato-lanceolatis rigide appressim pilosis integerrimis obtusis, inferioribus radicalibusque sublonge petiolatis, caulinis remotis sessilibus sensim niinoribus, pedicellis involucrisque pube pilisque glandulosis tcctis. — Linn. Up. PL p. 1127. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 87. Pursh, FL Am. r. 2. p. 503.— H. Marianuni. BigeL FL BosL ed. 2. p. 288. — 3. foliis caulinis numerosis latioribus. — H. scabrum. Darlington, FL Ccstr.p, 84. (fide speciin. in Herb, nostr.) Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 86 ? Had. (;anada. Michmix. Pursh. Mm. Shippard. Mrs. Pcrcival. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd.— From various parts of the ITnitcd States I have received two states of this species : the one («.) a slender plant, with few and distant and narrower leaves on the stem, and more petiolated radical ones ; and (/}.), a much Hieracium,] COMPOSITE. 299 stouter plant, with broader and more numerous leaves, and larger and more spreading panicles. The latter is the H. actibrum of Dr. Darlington, and probably of Michaux and other authors. Pursh refers the H. JUarianum of Willd. to the present species, and correctly so, if 1 may judge by Dr. Schweinitz' specimens. I infor that our plant is the H. Marianum of Bigelow, for his description agrees with it, and Dr. Boott's specimens, from Boston, com])ared with and named " H. Grottovii of Michaux's Herbarium," have also, for synonym, H, Marianum, Willd. 7. H. molle ; pilosum, caule erecto slmplici folioso, corymbo paucifloro, foliis oblongo- lanccoliitis attenuatis inferne paucidentatis, radicalibus petiolatis. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 303. « mild. Sp. PI. V. 3. p. 1577?" IIau. Labrador. Kohlmeister, (ex Pursh.) 8. H, panUulatum ; glabriusculum, caule erecto folioso paniculiito inferne albo-lanato, pedicellis cnpillaribus, foliis lanceolatis nudis dentatis meinbranaceis. Ph. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1127. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 86. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 503. Had. Canada. Pursh. Goldie.^A slender, very leafy species, with an ample and much branched panicle. 9. H. virgatum; caule erecto simplici villoso, foliis scssilibus lanceolatis acutis giabris subtus pilosis argute dentatis versus apiceni integcrrimis dentibus divaricatis, panicula subcorynibosa, calycibus pcduneulisque tomentosis. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 503. — " H. Canadense, Mich, Am. v. 2. p. 86." Had. Canada. Pursh, (ex Herb. Lamb.) 10. H. fasciculatum; glabriusculum, caule erecto folioso simplici glabro, foliis sessilibus oblongis acutis argute dentatis dentibus elongatis, ramis panicuiae divaricatis brevibus, pedicellis subfasciculatis pubescentibus. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 504. Had. Canada. Masson, (ex Pursh.) — "A tall robust plant; flowers of a middling size." 11. H. macrophyllum ; altissimum, caule erecto folioso hispido sulcato, foliis cordato- semiamplexicaulibus ovato-oblongis remote grossc dentatis nudiusculis, nervis venisque subtus pubescentibus, panicula divaricato-corymbosa, pedunculis elongatis nudis calycibusque giabris. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 504. Had. Canada, ex Herb. Lamb. (Pursh.) — " A very robust plant. Leaves the largest of the Genus. Flowers large." — I am entirely unacquainted with this and the two preceding species of Pursh. One or other of the following species may be included among them. 12. H. sylvaticum; caule folioso superne ramoso subcorymboso subvilloso, pedunculis magis minusve pubescentibus, Ibliis ovato-lanceolatis lanceolatisve subbirsutis dentatis dentibus erectis, involucris breviter pubescentibus. — Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 2031. — a. Ibliis ovato-lanceolatis viridibus, dentibus niinutis. Hook. Br. Fl. ed. 2. p. 345. Had. Pointe Levi, Canada. Mrs. Shcppard. 13. //. prananthoidfs ; caule erecto folioso piibcscenti-birsuto, panicula corymbosa, pedicellis involucrisque piloso-glandulosis, foliis oblongo-cordatis basi scmiamplexicaulibus, superioribus sensim minoribus ovato-cordatis omnibus grosse remote dentatis. — Vill. Delph. V. 3. p. 108. Engl. Bot. t. 2235. Had. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. About Quebec, ilfr.s. Sheppard. Mrs. Percival. Cumberland House Fort, on the Saskatchawan. Dmmmond. — This may probably be the H. macmphyllum of Pursh ; but the specimens entirely agree with the Engl. Bot. H. prcenanthoides. 'J P 2 I* I 300 COMPOSlTiE, [Hi/menonema. 14. H. umbellatum ; caule erecto simplici valde folioso, foliis linenri-lanceolatis glabri- usculis dentatis integerrimisque, floribus subumbellatis, pedunculis pubescentibus, involiicris glabris. — Linn. Sp.Pl.p. 1131. Engl. Bot. t. 1771. Rich, in Frankl. \st. Journ. ed. 2. uipp. p. 29. Had. From Lake Huron, Dr. Todd, to Fort Franklin, on the Mackenzie River, in Int 66° north, abundant. Dr. Richardson, Drummond, 11. TROXIMON. Nuttan,aaG''.ng no means of determining. It is, I think, identical with Nuttall's Troximon ; but that author describes the pappus as plumose, which is not the case in my plants, it is only very minutely scabrous. The beak of the achenium, in either species, is not evident till the fruit is ripe. 12. HYMENONEMA. Cass. Involucrum cylindraceum, foliolis imbricatis, nppressis, ovalibus, acutis, coriaceis, mar- ginibus membrunaceis. Receptaculum nudum. Achenium cylintlraceum. Pappus e pilis paucis scabris iequalibus, basi membranaceo-dilatatis. 1. //. ? glaucum; foliis lineari-acuminatis canaliculatis glaucis. Had. About Fort Vancouver on the Columbia, N. Garry, Esq, — Of this there is only a single specimen, and it appears to be uubranched. Carduus.] COMPOSITiE. 301 2. H. ? loiciniatum, ; caule ramow), foliis profunde pinnatifido-laciniatis, laciniis angusto- linearibus subfiliformibus. Hab. Dry plains of the Columbia, from the Rocky Mountains to the ocean. Douglas. — This and the preceding plant evidently belong to one and the same genus, and have entirely the habit of Scorzonera ; but in both, the hairs of the pappus are fen^ in number (about 10), rather harsh and rigid, of a brownish or tawny hue, singularly dilated at the very base, with the upper part very minutely scabrous. Hence it will be seen to accord in a very important particular with Hymenonenia of Cassini, (a genus supposed to be peculiar to the eastern parts of the Mediterranean region :) but that author describes the hairs of the pappus as bearded (barbes) above, and Lessing calls it feathery. Both our plants appear to be annual. 13. KRIOIA. WiUd. Involucrum polypliyllum, simplex. Beceptaculum nudum. Achenium turbinatum. Pappus biseriab's; serie ext. coroniformi, esquamis5-8 membranaceisbrevibus; tn^esetis paucis (5-24), scabris. 1. K. Virginica; glauca, foliis primariis rotundatis integris reliquis lyratis glabris, scapo unifloro glabra demum foliis longiore, calyce glabra. Nutt. — Willd. Sp. PI. p. 1618. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 504. Biffcl. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 289. — Hyoseris Virginica. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1138. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 88. Hab. Canada. Michaux. Pursh, Trib. II. Subtrib. I Cynare^. Lessing.* CENTAuniEiE. Less. 14. CENTAUREA. Linn. Beceptaculum setosum. Pappus simplex aut nullus. Cor. Involucrum imbricatum. radii seu floris neutri, si adest, 5-partita. 1. C. nigra; involucri squamis ovatis pectinato-fimbriatis patulis, foliis radicalibus angulato-lyratis, caulinis oblongis, radio nullo. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1288. Engl. Bot. t. 278. Had. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. — Introduced. Subtrib. II. Cap^vne*. Less. 15. ARCTIUM. Lim. Involucrum globosum, foliolis squarrosis lanatis. Beceptaculum paleaceum. Pappus simplex, multiserialis, brevis, pilis singulis valde caducis. — Herbse efic^otomc?, io\\\s petiolatis ovatis suhlus pallidioribus. 1. A. Lappa. Linn. Sp. PL p. 1149. Engl. Bot. t. 38. {andt. 2478, A. Bardana.) Hab. Canada. Mrs. Percival. Mrs. Sheppard. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. 16. CARDUUS. Lim. Involucrum tumidun), imbricatum, squamis spinosis. Beceptaculum setosum. Pappus • Whilst this portion of the Composite is in the press, I have the great sBtisfaction of receiving the valuable " Synopsis Generum Compositarum earumque Dispositionis novce Tentamen" (fc, of C. F. Lessing ; and liave iiu lic>itntiuii in adopting, u» fur as possiblv, tliu arrungemcnt of so able an observer, and one who has studied this ditiicult tribe of plants witl> tlie greatest ardour, and under very favourable circumstances. I have only to regret, that I could not derive the advantage such a work is capable of affording for the whole of the Order. iW \ 302 COMPOSITiE. [Carduut. plumosus vel scnber. — Herbse pertotam zonam temperatam divulgata nee non regiones alpinas America tropical habitantes, spinosce; capitvlis luteis vel purpurascentibua; rachide paieaceo- fimbrillifera. (Less.) {Pappus plumosus. Cnicus, Willd. Cirsium, Spr,, non Gartn.) 1. C. lanceolatus ; foliis decurrentibus rigidis strigoso-hispidis pinnatifidis, laciniis lonceolatis bifidis divaricatis spinosis, involucri squamis lanceolatis patentibus. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 1149. Engl. Bat t. 107. — Cnicus lanceolatus. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 506. liigel. Ft. Host. ed. 2. p. 292. Haii. Newfoundland. Miss Brenlon. 2. C. discolor; pubescenti-lanatus, foliis sessilibus lanceolatis subflaccidis magis minusve sinuato-pinnatifidis spinoso-ciliatis lobis acutis spinosis ssepissime bilobis supra glabriusculis subtus allxi-tomentosis, involucre globoso lanato, squamis lineari-acuminatis spinosis, spinis patentibus. — ^tt«. Ge7i. Am. v. 2. p. 130. — Cnicus discolor. Muhl. Cat. — If Hid. Sp. PI. V. 3. p. 16.70. — 13. floribus albis. Had. Canada. 3fr. Cleghom. Mr. GoMk. Banks of the Soskatchawan. Dr. Richardson. Douglas. Drummond. Plentiful on the North-West coast, and about Fort Vancouver. Douglas, Dr. Scouler. — /3. Prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. — The leaves are very variable, especially the radical ones; Konie are deeply piunutifid, others quite entire. 3. C arvensis; foliis sessilibus lanceolatis pinnatifido-dentatis spinuloso-ciliatis undulatis glabriusculis, caule paniculato, involucri ovati squamis appressis inucronatis. — Sm, Engl. Dot. t. 975.— Cnicus arvensis. Pursli, Fl. Am. v. 2.' p. 506. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 291. — Serratula arvensis. Linn. Hab. Throughout Canada to the Sa.skatchawan. Mrs. Shcppnrd. Mrs. Percival. Drummond. New- foundland. Mr. Connach. Miss Brenton. — Of this plant, Leasing Las constituted the Genus Breea, chiefly on account of its dioecious flowers. 4. C. muticus ; caule alato glabro, foliis sessilibus profunde remote sinuato-pinnatifidis supra glabriusculis subtus pallidioribus arachnoideo-tomentosis segmentis lanceolatis acuminatis spinuloso-laciniatis, involucri subglobosi squamis arete appressis lanatis submu- cronatis. — Nutt. Gen. Am, r. 2. p. 374. — Cirsium muticum. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 89. — Cnicus muticus. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 506. Hab. Banks of the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson, Drummond. 5. C. pumilus; caule humili retrorsum piloso 1-3-floro, foliis utrinque viridibus sessilibus semiamplexicaulibus oblongo-lunceolatis pinnatifidis segmentis ineequaliter lobatis spinoso- ciliatis spinisque terminatis, involucri magni subglobosi nudi squamis lanceolatis acuminatis appressis spina brevi terminatis. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 130. — C. odoratus. Muhl. Cat. — Darlingt. Fl. Cestr. p. 85. Haii. Banks of the Saskatchawan, and Prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Dntmmond, — " Flowers large, red." 6. C. remotifoliu,s ; caule elate striato arachnoidco-tomentoso inferne prsecipue, foliis Sauamrea.] COMPOSlTiE. SOS remotis sessilibus semiamplexicaulibus profunde pinnatifidis supra laxe pilosis subtus pubes- centi-lunatis segmentis remotis subpinnatifidis lanceolatis inferne sinuato-spinosis lobis omnibus spinosis, paniculu paucifoliata, involucri globosi magtii squamis numerosis laxis linearibus exterioribus elongatis spina terminatis, interioribus membranaceo-acuminatis. Hah. Gravelly soils on the banks of streams, common in the valley of the Columbia. Douglas. — " Three to five feet hi^h." Stem dark-purple above. In the only specimen ia my possession the leaves are very remote, gradually smaller upwards, the margins near the base with many rather stout spines. The outer scales of the involucre are lax and patent, nearly equalling the innermost ones in length. 7. C./oliosus; caule erecto simplici (?) robusto striato sublanato, foliis erectis superne numerosis ilores excedentibus lineari-lanceolatis mollibus irregulariter sinuato-dentatis spinis rigidiusculis inequalibus ciliatis supra parce hirsutis subtus arachnoideo-tomentosis pallidis, floribus magnis glomeratis in axillis tbliorum supremorum, subsessilibus involucri squamis linearibus appressis, pappo copiosissimo. Had. Prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond, — This is a very remarkable species, of which unfortunately only two specimens exist in the collection, The stems are singularly erect and straight, and the leaves also erect, 6-8 inches long, the uppermost very numerous, considerably exceeding, aud almost concealing, the flowers. 17. SAUSSUREA. He Cand. Involucri subcylindracei squamm imbricatie muticse. Receptaculum setosum vel palea- ceum. Pappus biserialis, serie exteriori brevi piliformi; interori longa et plumosa. Antluircc caudm subintegrae. Acheniiim glabrum. 1. S.alpina; foliis lanceolatis dentatis subtus lanatis radicalibus ovato-lanccolatis petio- latis, floribus corymbosis congestis, involucri superne villosi squamis oblongis. De Cand. — Serratula alpina. Linn. — Engl. Hot. t. 599. — ^. densa; caule subdecumbente, foliis glabrius- culis densis fere omnibus anguste lanceolatis, corymbis glomeratis. — y. remotijblia ; caule erecto striato, foliis glabris rigidis anguste lanceolatis superioribus minutis. Had. /3. Elevated parts of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. — y. North of the Saskatchawau to the Bear Lake, in hit. 66° North. Dr. Michardson : and extending to Behring's Straits. Chamisso. — Two (and if, as I suspect, the following species should be united with it, three,) very remarkable states of this plant are in the collection, and all exceedingly different from our British & alpina, which is more robust, and has much broader and more woolly leaves. — Var. /3. has the stem decumbent, the leaves copious, crowded, and as long and broad in the upper as in the lower portion of the stem. — Var. y. is very similar in habit to my specimens from Mout Cenis, and from Norway, (in the Unio Itineraria, 1828,) but the leaves are almost entirely glabrous and more rigid. 2. S. monticola; pauce lanata, foliis linearibus integerrimis, foliolis involucri oblongo- cylindracei villosi lanceolatis acutis. Itich. in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 29. — S. niultiflora. Franhl. I st Journ, ed. 1. App. p. 747. Hah. On the Copper Mountains, in grassy plains, lat 07°, (Frankl. 1st Journ.) and ou the Arctic coast, between the Mackenzie and Coppermine Rivers, (2d Journ.) Dr. Richardson. — One specimen only exists in the collection of the 2i Expedition, and this quite agrees with the character given by Dr. Richardson of his S, monticola. It has narrower, more rigid and entire leaves, and a more hairy involucre than >S. alpina. l*!!ll 304 COMPOSITiE. [Eupatorium. Trib. III. Vernoniace;e. Less. Subtrib. Vebnonie^. Capitula multiflora et homogama aut uniflora, involucro imbricato et multiseriali. Styli rami acuminati. Involucrum teres. Cor. plerunujue purpureo- violacetB aut alba. Less. 18. VERNON!a. Schreb. Capitulum multiflorum. Itachis ebracteolnta. Pappus pluriserinlis, serie exteriorl e setis vel pnleis distinctis et crcbris constante. — Arbores, Frutices, seu Herbue, plerumque Americana, quarum in parte occidentali America Septentrionatis tie una quidem, Meridionalis nonnisi 0,07 occurrunt, facie poly morpha ; ramisfoliisque alternis rarissime oppositis; cap- itulis violaceo-purpurcis aut albis, rarissime luteis. Less. 1. V.praalta; altissima, foliis crebris lanceolatis serrulatis scabris, corytnlK) fustigiato, calycinis squamis acutis vel apice filiformibus. fVilld. Sp. PI. v. 3. p. 1633. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 95. Pursh, 77. Am. v. 2. p. 5l\. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 267. — Serratula procalta. Linn. —V. Noveboracensis. Jfilld. Sp. PI. v. 3. p. 1632. Mic/i. Am. I. c. Pursh, I. c. Elliott, Carol. V. 2. p. 269. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 294. — Serratula Noveboracensis. Linn. Hort. Cliff.— Dill. Hort. Elth. t. 263 et 264. Had. Canada. Pursh. — I never had been able to detect any distiaguisthing character between V.prmalta and V. Noveboracensis, and was therefore very happy to find my opinion of their identity confirmed by so eminent an observer as Lcssiug. Trib. IV. EuPATORiACE^. Less. Subtrib. I. EuPATOHiEiG, Capitula homogama $. Pappus e pilis vel setis angus- tissimis constat. Less. 19. EUPATORIUM. Linn. Capitulum pauci-seu multi-ncc 4-florum. Pappus uniserialis, non plumosus. Cor. limbo a tubo lion distincto. Involucrum pauci-multiseriale. Receptaculum nudum. Achenium 4-5-quetrum. — Arbores vel Frutices aut Herba^, in Ettropa et Asia sed longe pkraqtie in America crescentes, plerumque erecti, ramisfoliisque oppositis sive verticillatis, rarius alternis ; capitulis violaceis vel albis, corymbosis seu corymlmso-paniculatis. Less. 1. E. rotundifolium ; pubescenti-pilosum subscabrum, involucro subsexfloro, foliis sessili- bus subrotundo-cordatis obtusis venosis crenato-serratis, squamis calycinis acuminatis, corollis i\\h\s.— Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1173. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 98. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 300. Pursh, Fl. Am. V. 2. p.5U. IIab. Canada. Pursh. Mr. Goldie. — The involucre, achenia, and corolla abound in minute, yellow, glandular exudations. Decoctions of this plant are employed in the Southern United States, (where this species is very abundant) as a febrifuge. 2. E. purpurcum ; involucro 12-13>floro, foliis petiolatis 3-5-natimve verticillatis ovato- lanceolatis acuininutis giossc serratis scabriusculis subtus pubcscentibus, caule fistuloso, floribiis piirpureis. — Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 99. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 515. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 307. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed2. p. 207. Had. From Lake Huron, throughout Canada, to the Saskatchawan, abundant. Liatrit.] COMPOSITiE. 306 3. E, maculatum; foliis petiolatis qimternis quinisve ovato-lanceolatis insequaliter serratis subtus pubescentibus, cuule solido sulcato. — Litin. — Willd.Sp, PI. v. 3. p. 1760. Pursh, Fl. Am. V. 2. p. 514. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 308. Hap. Canada. Pursh, — I have received nothing under the norae of E. maculatum, which was not at once referable to E. purpureum, to which the E. verticillatum and punctatum of Willd. and the E, lernifolium, Ell. (E. Iri/oliatum, Willd.) may probably be with tiafety added. 4). E. perfoliatum ; involucro suboctofloro, foliis connato-perfuliatis oblongo-acuminatis crennto-serratis riigosis subtus pubescentibus, caule villoso, floribus parvis albis, — Linn. — mild. Sp. PI. V. 3. p. 1761. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 516. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 302. Bigel. Fl. Dost. ed. 2. v. 2. p. 297. Med. Bot. v. i. t. 2.— E. connatum. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 99. Had. Throughout Canada. — A well-known bitter, and useful tonic. 5. E. orcidentale ; glabriusculum, foliis alternis breve petiolatis ovatis acuminatis grosse insequaliter serratis apice integerrimis summis lanceolatis integerrimis, floribus paniculato- corymbosis, involucri pluriflori foliolis llnearibus ncutis Inxis, acbeniis linearibus angulatis, caule striato. Had. On the low hills bettveen the north and south branch of Lewis and Clarke's Iliver, in stony places. Douglas.—" Two to four feet high. Flowers white." 6. E. ageratoides ; involucri subdecemflori foliolis uniserialibus sequalibus linearibus, foliis longe petiolatis corilato-ovatis acuminatis trinervibus grosse serratis, corymbo divaricato niultifloro, caule glaberrimo, floribus albis. — Linn. — Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 516. Elliott, Carol. V. 2. p. 303. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 298.— E. urticaefolium. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 100. — Agcratum altissimum. JVilld. (according to Pursh.) Had. Canada. Michaux. About Quebec. Mrs. Percival. — This appears to be a rare species in Canada, whence I have only received it from Mrs. Perciviil. In the single row of scales to the involucre, it assimi- lates with the following genus. 19. MIKANIA. Willd. Capitulum 4.-floruni. Pappus uniserialis, non plumosus. Cor. limbo campanulato. In- volucrum 4-5-phyllum, uniseriale. Receptactdum nudum. — Frutices vel Herbse Americani, plerumque scandentcs ; io\\\s oppositis ; capituVis corymboso-paniculatis. Less. 1. M. scandens; glabcrrima, scandens, foliis cordatis acuminatis subrepando-dentatis lobis divaricatis inaiqualibus, cymis pedunculatis. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. 3. p. 1743. Pursh, Fl. Am. V. 2. p. 517. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 292. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 295.— Eupatorium scandens. Linn. — Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 97. Jacq. Ic. Ear. v. 1. 1. 169. Hab. Caaaia, Michaux; probably in the extreme southern parts. I have never received specimens from the British territories; but it seems frequent in the adjoining New England States. — Lcssing, who, however, has kept up the Genus Mikania in his Synopsis, says it should be joined to Eupatorium. 20. LIATRIS. Schreb. Pappus pluriseriulis, plumosus. Cor. limbo a tubo non distincto. Involucrum multiseri- ale. Rcceptaculum nudum. — Herbse Boreali-AmericaniB, perennes, radice fibrosa vd tnhcr- osa; foliis alternis, integerrimis, scepe anguslis, glanduloso-punctatis ; cai^iUxYis multifloris, spicatis vel corymbosis, corymbis imbricatis. Less. VOL. I. 2 y ! i ii.] 306 C0MP08IT.B. [Pj/rrocoma, (Floribus spicatis, radice tuberosa.) 1. L. scariosa; magis tninusve pubescenti-scabrn, foliis Iniiceolntis inferioribus loiige petio- latis superioribus linearibus multo minoribus, floribus ruceniosis remotis, pcdicellis brac- teatis, involucrisgloboso-hemisphsericis, squatnis obovatis obtusissimis inembrunuceis coloratis subciliatis, flosculis iiumerosis, pappo scabro. — Willd, Sp. PL v. 3. p. 1635. Pursh, Fl. Am. V. 2. p. 509. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 280. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1709. Bigel. Fl. liost. ed. 2. p. 293. — Liatris squarrulosa. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 92. — Serratula scariosa. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 117*. Had. Plains of the Saskatchawan and of the Red River. Drummoml. Douglas. 2. L.squarrosa; glabriuscula vel pubescenti-scnbra, foliis linearibus obscure trinerviis inferioribus longe attenuatis superioribus minoribus, racemo flexuoso paucifloro folioso, floribus breve pedicellatis nunc sessilibus, involucris ovato-cylindraceis, squamis niagnis patenti-squarrosis exterioribus majoribus rigidis foliaceis trinerviis intcrioribus niembran- aceis inucronato-acuminatis vix coloratis, flosculis pluriniis, pappo plumoso. — jyHlil. Sp. PI. V. 3. p. 1634. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 92. Ptirs/i, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 509. El/iotf, Carol, v. 2. p. 282. — Serratula squarrosa, Linn. — /3. luxurians. L. intermedia. Lindl. in Bot. Beg, t. 942. HAn. Canada. Mr. Goldie, Douglas. — Variubic in pubescence, as are the other species of this beautiful and faTourite Genus. I fear the L. intenneilia of the Bot. Keg. can only be considered a luxuriant state of the present. Mr. Goldie's ori^nal specimens in my Herbarium do not at all differ from the true si/uarrosa ; and the cultivated individual only exhibits longer flower-stalks. 3. L. punctata; caulc erectiusculo piloso, foliis linearibus inarginatis glabris ciliatis utrinque inipresso-punctatis, spicis elongatis densis non ruro foliosis, involucris subcylindra- ceis, squamis imbricatis non scjuarrosis exterioribus rigidioribus omnibus impresso-punctatis pungcnti-acuniinatis marginibus ciliato-lanatis, pappo valde plumoso. (Tad. CV.) Caulis pedalis ad sesquipedalem, crectus vel adsccndens, striatus, (^labcr vel rarissime pilosus. Fuliu nunierosa, 4-j-polIicaria, liuearia, infimabasi dilatata, amplexicaulla, supcriura sensim minora, omnia linearia, rijpda, acuta, unincrvia, plana, marginata, margine albido, remote viliata, pagiua utrinque glaberrima, impresso- punctata. Spica (seu racemus spicatus) elongata, parte inferiori siepe foliosa, densillora. Involucrum lato- cylindraceum, squamis imbricatis impresso-punctatis margine ciliato lauatis mucronato-acuminatis, mucrone subrecurvo, exterioribus rigidis, viridibus, iuterioribus magis membranaceis siepe coloratis. Flusculi sub- i|uin((ue, puloherrime rosei. Achenium lineari-clavatum, subtriquetrum, striatum, pilosum. Pappus plumosus. Had. Plains of the Saskatchawan, Drummond; and on the Red Deer and Eagle hills, in dry soils, common. Douglas. — Neither among the numerous individuals in my Herbarium, nor the species described in books, do I find any that agree with this, though its nearest affinity is perhaps to L. resinosa of Xuttall. Here, too, without doubt, the impressed dots, so remarkable on the leaves and involucre, are ui'casioned by resinous glands. The spike is generally half as long as the plant. Tau. CV. Liatris punctata. Fig. 1, Leaf; Jig. 2, Flower; Jig. 'J, Floret ; Jig. 4, Fruit: — magnified. 21. PYRROCOMA. Kov. Gen. Pappus uniserialis, florc longior, fulvus, scaber. Cor. linil)o a tube non distincto. In- volucrum multiseriale, laxum ; foliolis intcrioribus membranaceis integerrimis ; c.rt. foliaceis spinuloso-dentatis. — Herba Boreali- Americana; foliis alfernis, coriaccis, subspinoso-denfatis, punctato-pelluciJis ; capitulum terminate, solitarium; involucris imbricatis. — Nomen ajrvf^x fulvus, et xtfin, hair ; ob pappi colorcm derivatum. Vardosmia.] COMPOSITiE. 307 1. P. carthamoUka. (Tab. CVI.) Radix — ? CauliatvmfXex, pcdolis, crectiis, teres, striatus, pubesceni. Folia altorna, remota, lanceolata, fieu oblongo-lanceolatn, acuta, pallide viridia, corincea, obscure pubescentia, medium versus prmcipuo dentato- Heu spinoso-serrata, punctato-pelluuida, venosa; infer iora lon^e petiolatu ; superiora sesHilia. Flon termiiialis raoffnum, Hulitariura. Inoolucrum e foliolis pluribus laxe imbricatia, sed vix squarrosiii; interioribua erectis lineari-obloii>;i8 acutis, membranaceis, intejrerrimis ; cxterioribus sensim majoribus patentibus, oblongs, sub- spiiiOKO-4lentatis, pubescentibus, demum foliis a>mulantibug. Floiculi numerosi, parvi, inconspicui. Itecep- taculiim nudum, (scu Rachis ebracteolata. Leas.) Corolla tubulosa, botii sensim anjrugtior, limbo 5-dontato, dentibiis crcctis. Ant/ieree subiiicluiuv, baiii nudie (ecaudatie), apice appendicula membranacea aucta. Stylus rix corolla longior, Stiijmatis lacinia lineares, exserte, basi teretes nudw, demum coropressie, extus dense pilosH), iutus glabne, sulcata'. Ovarium oblougum, teres, substriatum. Pappus e pills plurimis, uniserialibus, fulvis, scabris, coroUam exccdentibus. Had. North-West coast of America. Douglas. — A solitary specimen of this plant is all tbat I have had the opportunity of seeing'. In habit, it resembles the genus Carthamus; but from the structure of the floscules, and especially of the stigmata, I can have no hesitation in referring it to Eupatorinea, near Liatris. The pappus, evcu in the state of early flower, is remarkably long and tawny, inclining to red. The leaves, when licld up between the eye and the light, exhibit numerous pellucid dots, which appear to be the areolie of the obscure reticulations. Tah. CVI. Pyrrocoma carthamoides. Fig. 1, Inner scale or leaflet of the involucre; Jig. 2, Intermediate do. J Jig. 3, Outer do. ; Jig, +, Flower j Jig, 5, Corolla, with its stamens, style, and stigmas ; Jig. 0, Ex- tremity of the style and stigmas; ^17. 7, Anthers; Jig. 8, Portion of a hoir of the pappus: — magnified. Subtrib. II. Tussilaoine;*;. Capitula heterogama, sape subdioica. Less. 22. NAKDOSMIA. Cass. Capitula subdioica, 7nasciUa radio 1-seriali fcctnineo cincta, fceminea homogama. Cor. ? lingulata. Pappus pilosus, niarium multo minus copiosior quam foeminearum. — Herbse Europece {et America Arctica) perennes, tatUum basi imafoliatcB, simplices; (oVi'is petiolatis, rotundis, angulatis; capitulis thyrsoideis, multifloris; folioUs involucri aqiialibus; racliide 7iuda. Less. 1. N.frigida; foliis cordatis inaequaliter dentatis subtus tomentosis. — N. angulosa, Cass. — Less, ill Linnaa, v. 6. p. 107. — Tussilago frigida. Linn. — Fl. Dan. t. 61. Pursh, FL Am. V. 2. p. 531. — /3. foliis magis sinuuto dentatis. — Tussilago corymbosa. Br. in Parry's \st Voy. App. p. cclxxix. Rich, in Franhl. \stJourn. ed. 2. App.p. 33. (in partem.) Hah. Canada. Pursh. From Lake Winipeg, in lat. 52°, to Fort Franklin, in lat. C6°. Dr. Richardson. —Very few of the specimens gathered by Dr. Richardson have leaves exactly answering to the above character, and of these, some are nearly ten inches long, independent of the petiole. 2. N. sagittata ; foliis cordato-vel reniformi-sagittatis sinuato-dentatis subtus tomentosis. — Tussilago sagittata. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 332. Rich, in Frankl. \st. Journ. App. p. 33. IIab. Hudson's Day, {Hutchinson in Herb. Banks.) to the swamps in the Rocky Mountains, (Drum- mond,) and from Lake Superior, in lat. 48°, to Fort Franklin, in lat. 6C°, north. Dr. Richardson. Drttmmond. —A mere variety, I fear, of the preceding 3. N. corymbosa; foliis cordatis profunde siimato-lobutis angulatis dentatis subtus tomen- tosis.— Tussilago corymbosa. Dr. in Parry's 1st Voy. App.p. cclxxix. Had. From Fort Norman, on the Mackenzie River, to the extreme Arctic regions. Capt. Sir E. Parry. 2 Q 2 II 308 COMPOSITiE. [Xnuthium. dipt. SnUne. Dr. Richarthon, — The latter Kcntlomnm obiervcs that tho tloweni arc frafpvut, probably like those of Tuasilayofrai/ratts of our gardeuM, which c(|ually beluiigM to tho proaeiit (ii'iiuR. 4. N. palmata; foliis rcnifortni-cordatis profunde ptilmato-lobatis luciniis nngulatis den- ttttis siibtus tuincntosis. — Tussilago palmata. Ait. Hort. Keir. id, 1. jj. 3. p. 188, t. 2. Pursh, Fl. Am. V. 2. p. 331. Ilich. in Fraiikl. 1st. Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 33. Had. From Lake Huron, (Niitltill,) to tho Bear Luke, lut. 07°, north, (Dr. Richurihon, Drtimmond:) and from Labrador and Newfoundland on tho East, {Dr. Fothinjill, Kohlmeiater, Dr. Morrison;) to the Kocky Mountains, (Drunmiond;) and thence to the Pacific, at the mouth of the Columbia. Dr. Scouler. Douijlas,— This and the three prccedinff species, it must bo acknowledged, are distinguished by very slight characters, and the numerous specimens before mo, would, in the varied form of tho foliage, lead to the suspicion that they in reality constitute but ono species. Of the present, in age, the loaf becomes perfectly glabrous. In the specimens from the more elevated of tho liocky Mountains, the lobes of the leaf are broadly uuaeate, and the sinuses very obtuse. 23. ADENOCAULON. Hook. Capitula lieterogainu, floribus ? paucis, uiiiseriulibus in iimbitu, relujuis $. Cor. ?. . . Pappus 0, — Hecbse percnnes, Americana, ylandulis pi:dicellatis adspersw ; foliis subtus alfx)- tomentosis, petiolatis ; involucris uniserialibus demum rejlexis; ca^xivWs paucifloris, paniai- IcUis, parvis. Leas. 1. A. bicolor ; cititum, foliis cordato-ovatis subtrllobis ongulato-dentutis. Hook, in Hot. Misc.v. 1. p. 19. t. 15. Had. Dense woods at tho Straits of Do Fuco, and about Fort Vancouver, on tho Columbia. Woods on the Portage River, one of the sources of the Columbia, in tho Rocky Mountains, lat. 5:^° north. Drum- mond. — Tho specimens found by Mr. Drummond are withered stems of the preceding year, and necessarily very bad, from being collected in the depth of winter, and while the snow was deep upon the ground. A second species of this highly curious genus has been detected in Chili by Piippig. TniB. IV'. Senecionide^e. Less. Subtrib. I. AMunosiEit;. Capi'u'n ant monoica out heterogama, Jioribus in centra mas- culis. liachis in capilulis hetcrjijamis bractcolata, bractiolis glabris. Antfiera: ccaudata. Less. (A. A.MimosiE.'E verse. Cor, floris ? filiformi ; acheniis ca/vis, erostribna, involucre sape inclusis; stylo Jioris masculi clavato, trtmcato, apicerjue solo pcnicillato. Less.) a+. XANTHIUM. Linn. Capitula liomogama, monoica; Jwminea biflora, involucro hamato-spinoso cincta. Achcnia comprcssa, singula in loculis singulis involucri demum indurati et bilocularis nidulant. — HerbsB Americcc vel Fjuropce indigena, scepe spinosa ; foliis altcrnis, asperis, vnrie incisis ; capituiis irregularitcr glomerato-spicatis ; spicu terminali, superne mascula, basijbeminea. 1. A'. Canadense; foliis profunde cordatis basi cuneatis angulatis subdenticulatis scabris, caule maculato superne aspero, fructibus geminis liispidissimis, rostris duobus aculeisque uncinatis. Spreng. Sgst. Veget. v. 3. p. 852. — X. maculatum. Raj', in Sill. Journ. {Torrey, in litt.) Hau. Canada ? North- West coast of America. Douylaa, ha.] rr 'y-^irM. suo ».>. A' K()8IA. Z , Capitula lioinogiimn, monoica; firmi imirloia, i, ..olucro incrmi (vol spinoso) cincta; mascula niiiltiflorii, rucliide ebriictcoliitii liheitinm gluliosum. — Frutices vd Ilerbee Aula vel EuropcB iiiilii/aia;, foliis altiriiis, iiijiriorilms iwnmmquam opposilin, intcyris aut ittrpius divisis; cupitulis spicnfis, spicn linrari, supernc mascula, basi tohata et/teminea; involucris cnpituli mnsculi uniserinlibiis, yamophyllia. Less, 1. A, elatior; foliis bipinnalifulis(,'lubriiisculis,pctiolislongcciliiitis, racutnis tcrmlnalibus pauiculatis, caule virgato. Willd, — lAnn.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. ;;. 581. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 477. Ha II. Canada. Pursh. 2. A. paniculata ; pilosa, foliis bipinnatifidis summis pinnatifidis, racemis terminalibus, fructibus supra medium spinis brcvibus crectiuscuUs. — Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 183. Pursh, Fl. Am. V. 2. p. 581. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 478. IIaii. Canada. PkwA. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. Straits of do Fiica, and Nutka, North -West America. Dr. Scolder. 3. A. acanthicarpa; setis asperis rigidis hispida valde ramosa, fobis bipinnatifidis scg- mentis linearibus, racemis terminalibus, fructibus spinis rigidis subulatis longis patentibus undique tectis. Hah. Banks of the 8askatchan-an and Red River. Dour/las. Drummond. Plentiful on the sandy banks of the Columbia, near Indian Villages and Camps, and at the Grand Rapids. Douglas. — The singularly spincscent fruit of this species, distinguishes it from every other with which I am ac(|uuinted. 20. IVA. Linn. Capitula hcXcrogama, Jloribus J'ttmineis uniserialibus in ambitu, reliquis masculis. Ach- vnium obcomprcssum. Cor. ? tubulosa s. canipanulata. liaMs bracteolata. — HerbBB vel Frutices AmericaneB; foMis alter7ns seu oppositis, trinerviis; capitulis s/»?ca<»s {nunc axillari- biis), spica terminali solitaria lineari basi fmminea, supernc mascula; involucris oliyophyllis, uniserialibus. Le.is. I. I. axillaris; lierbacea, fuliis subcarnosis lanccolatiij obtusis basi altenuatis intcgenimis pilosis V. glabris, capitulis solitariis axiilaribus nutantibus. (Tab. CVIl.) — Pursh. Fl. Am. V. 2. p. 713. — (3. robtistior; omnibus partibus majoribus. i{»c/f> annua, parva. Caulis erectiis, plerumquo valde rainosus; rami erecti,angiilati,glabri, vel pilosi. Folia alterna, rarius opposita, subunviain loiign, lanceolata, magis miuusvo lata, basi attemiata, siibcarnosii, rigidiusvula, obtusa, integerrima, glabra vel piloso-scabra, uninervia. Capitula solitaria, axilbria, brevissime pedunculata, nutantia. Involucrum subhii-sutum, o foliolis 4-6 in unicum hemisphiericum lobatum coalitis. Flosculi inclusi, receptaculum paleaceum, paleis linearibus sursum latioribus ciliatis : Masc. pluriini, centralis. Cor. tubulosa, subinfundibuliformis, dentibus 6 reflexis. Antherte exsertw, inappendiculata;. Pistillwn U. Firrm.uniscrialis in ambitu. Cor. brevis,tubuloso-tiliformi8, 5-dentata. Germen obovatum. Styli lineares,loiigi, lati. Achenium late obovatum, epapposum, pubescens, nigro-fuscura, corolla pcrsistcnto brevi coronatiim. Hah. Between Carlton House and Edmonton House, on the Saskatchawan. /3. Common on the barren grounds, from the " Grand Rapids " of the Columbia, to the Rocky RIountains, in sandy dry soils. Douf/tus. — Mr. Drummond notices this plant as having the appearance of Glaux rmirititna. If I am right in referring it to Pursh's Iva axillaris, it has probably an extensive range, his plant being found, by Bradliury, 810 COMPOHIT;*, [Ruilhfchia. in rppiT I.oiiiNiiinn. It i* u xpaii or mora HIkIi. Mr, Douftlai'i ipeclmon ii coimiilAntbly lnri;er ami itoutrr in all itH parU, tliu leaven almont tup«riii;( into a |)«tiolu, and the upper ouei lo rouvh imaller than the lower, that tlio llowen ipeni to bo arrnuKeil in a leul'y iipike. Tab. CVII. Ivu nxilliiri*. Fiy. 1, Leaf anil tloweri Jig. "i. Flower; Jiff, '.i, Male Hoecnle, with itH palea; Jiij. 'I-, Fcniiili' Unitcult', with iiiiil oneH of H. urnhra in my Herbarium, from the Bot. Garden of Montpellier; still I fear it ditfen> from H. /it vis. Pent., only in the more srabrunii leaves and more downy iuvoluiTes. 2. II,? balsaniorhiza i subpubescens, foliis railiculibus plurimis pctiolatis pinnutis pinnis subpiiinatirulis incisis, involucri fuliolis numcrosis Innceuluto-acuniiiiatis inibricatis caiilcm pauc'itbiiatuiu suba'quaiitibus, railicc crassa balsnmifcra. Hah. Common on the gnivclly banks of the Columbia, near Fort Vancouver. Douglas. — " The root of this plant is lon^, thick, subfusiform, vi'oody, and yields a copious limpid juice, not unlike the resin from Pinus nahmiua, possessinjr a jwwerful turpentine-like odour." Tlie leaves arc mostly radical, (i-H inches long, with a shcathin>; base, and about equal in lenfrth with the stem, or almost scape, for it bears but one or two pair of leaves smaller than those of the root: young achenia compressed and four-angled, quite destitute of pappus. More perfect specimens of this plant thiin I possess, will, I can scarcely doubt, prove that it and the follow ing deserve to rank n» u new genus, to which I would propose the name of lialsamurhiza. The habit is totally different from Heliopsis, and the flowers resemble those of an Ilelianthus, while the fruit appears to be that of the former genus. 3. II.? trrebint/iarca ; pubcscens, foliis radicnlibus petiolntis ovato-Ianceolatis siniiato- pinnatifidis crenato-serratis, involucri foliolis niimerosis lanccolato-acuminatis inibricatis caulem paucifoliatum subsequantibus, radice crassa balsaniifera. Hah. Common at Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia, and in the grounds of the interior. Douglas. — Closely allied to the preceding species, and yielding in its root the same terebinthine juice. 2. lluDUECKiEiT,. Acheniis ecorticatis, erostribus, calvis autpuppo coronijbrmi intcgro coro- natis ; capitulis radiatis, radio neutro uniseriali. Less, lUliantkM,] COMPOSITiB. 311 W. liUDBECKlA. Gmj. Linn, (inparlem.) Achenium pappo coroiiirormi ciiIIonu cra!iiKM{ue corunutuni, Hcctiono transvenu qumlruta, disco cpigynu tnitgno, areulu lateruli. ConAla dinci iiiCumlibuliruriniii, ileiitibiiit vructis; radii itbsquu ullis gunituliuin vi-stigiiit, Atithera iiic-luML'. Stylut disci riiniiii coiui lircvimiino teriiiiiiatiii. — Ilcrbiu hitpido-ncuhra; jitreimeH, rami» op/Mititit; foiiis nltrrni», intrgrin vel pin- nat{fidiii i capitulis ttrminalibm nolitariis, radio tuteo, dinw Jusco-violaico ; ruciiiilc coiiicu ; iiivoliicriN patrutilmH, lirtitrr hiHerialiliut. Lcsh, 1. R. laciniata; clutu, foiiis inftirioribu!* pinnatis seginciitiM IiiiiccoIati!i Uiemn suinrnis ovatis, pap|)o crcnato, caiile giubro. — Schrail. — ff'illd. Sp, PL v. 3. p. 2246. Mic/t. Am. v, 2. p. 144. Pur ah, I'l. Am. v. 2. p. 575. liiliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 451. Had. Canada. I'unh, Lady Dnlkomie. Mrs, Sluppard. From I.ukn I liiron, ( />r, 7'uc/r/,) to the Itptl Uiver, Duuylai, 2. R, columnaris; setis appressis liispida, foiiis profundc pinnatifidis sogmentis lancculiitis subiaciniatis, recoptaculo clungato cyliiuiracco, pappo iniirgiiiato brcvissiino, palui» punclis duobiis iiigris. — Nutt. (len. Am. r. 2. p. 178. Hot, May. t. IfiOl. Haii. On dry uiidulutlu^ Kroundg of tilt* Saakatchawuii uud Hed Hi vvra, abundant. Douglas. Drummond. m. CALLIOl'WES. Jleich.nb. Ac/wnium olicoinprcssum, omiiiiio calvum, iiitus curvatum, apicc truncatuni, aiigustc bialatuin, disco epigyno ininuto, alls coticoloribus intugerrimis. Stylus disci raniis truncatis apiccquesolopcnicillatis. — Herbiu lioreali-Americanfe, ylahrof; foiiis mat/is miiimvc neitit: ; capitulis f/eminis vel corymltosis, radio lutm basi macula a/ro-purpurea notato vel rosea; involucris biserialibu.% aerie interiori gamnp/iylla, v.rtcriori atjuarrosa. /.«*«. 1. C. Alkinsoniana ; foiiis glabcrrimis, radicalibus bipinnatifidis, caulinis pinnntis laciniis lincaribus spathuiatis, flosculis radii l)asi stvpius nuiculatis irrcgulariter trilobis, radice percnni. — Coreopsis Alkinsoniana. (Douyl.) Liiidl. in Bot. Reg, t. 1376. Hah. Shores of the Columbia and Mcnaiett' Island. Douijlaa. Dr. Scolder. —Distinct from Calliopnis (Coreopnis, Null.) tiiwtorid, according to Mr. LiudlKy, in its perennial root, taller more lininched Ntemx, and less stronj^ly blotched flowers. The diS'ereui-es are not distiu^ishuble in my native dried spccinienH. 3. CoREOi'sini:^:. Acheniia ccorlicatia, eroatribus, slatem nonmdlis papjio nee autem coroni- formi coronatia, capitulis hi teroyamia, Jlorihua neutria uniaerialibus in ambitu. Less. 30. COREOPSIS. Linn. Achenium conforme, aristis binis brevibus coronatuni, plano-obcompressum, bialutum. — Herbie aut rarius Frutices America indigeni; foiiis inteyria vii varie aectia ramisque oppusitis ; capitulis terminalibua, radio plerumque luteo; mvoiuciis polyphyllis, biavrialibua ; racliide plana. Lcsa. 1. C. lanceolata; foiiis oppositis lanceolato-linearibus intcgerrimis ciliatis inferioribus petiolatis, acheniis orbiculatis scabris alatis apicc bidentatis, caule glabro. — Linn. — Mich. Am. v. 2. ;;. 137. Purah, Ft. Am. v. 2. p. 567. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 433. Hau, North side of Liiko Superior. (Torrei/, in Heib.nostr.) Lake Huron, Dr. Todd. I i \ SIS COMPOSURE. [Helianthui. 31. HEUANTHUS. X. Achcnium compressum, conforme, paleis mngis minusve deciduis, binis pluribusve minori- bus coronatum. — Herbn; scepe altissimee, rarius Frutices, America indigent, foliis oppositis vel alternis, inUgrh asperis; cnpitulis liiteis, solitariis et terminalibua vel corymbosia; involucris polyphyllis, iinbricatis ; rachide plana. Less. * Foliis plerisque oppositis. 1. //. atro-ruhcns; nsperus, caule superne niuliusculo, foliis ovato-oblongis subspathulatis crenatis triplinervibus scabris, involucri foliolis ovatis acutis imbricatis albo-ciliutis brcvibus, disco atro-purpureo. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1279. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 140. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 670. Gawl. in Bot. Reg. t. 508. Sims, Bat. Mag. t. 2668.— H. diffusus? Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2020. Hah. Banks of tho Soskatchnwan, as faros Gdmoutou House. Drummond. — This fine species is readily distinguished by its leaves tapcriu/ana. Less. 1. B. cernua ; floribus subradiatis cernuis, involucri foliolis exterioribus flore longioribus, foliis lanceolatis subconnatis serratis. — Linn. — Engl. Bot. t. 399. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 566. — 13. minima. Hab. Throughout Canada ; from Lake Huron, (Dr. Todd), to the Saskatchawan ; Dr. Richardson, Drummond. — /3. Island of Orleans, in the St. Lawrence. Mrs. Slieppard. — In this and the following, the stems are often partially clothed with short, coarse, and thick white hairs. 2. B. chrysarUhemoides ; floribus radiatis cernuis, radio involucro suboequali triplo longiore, foliis oblongis utrinque attenuatis dentatis basi connatis. Ph. — Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 136. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 566. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 429. Had. Fort Vancouver (Douglas) and Straits of de Fuca, on the North -West coast. Dr. Scouler. — These specimens are larger, and the leaves broader than in B. cernua ; but I do not think that the two species are distinguished by any decided characters. 3. B. frondosa; floribus discoideis, involucro foliolis exterioribus foliaceis flore multo longioribus, foliis ternatis (inferioribus quandoque pinnatis) foliolis lanceolatis serratis. — Linn.— Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 136. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 566. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 431. Hab. Canada, (Mrs. Percival), to the Saskatchawan, Dr. Richardson. Drummond. 4. B. connata ; floribus discoideis, involucri foliolis exterioribus flore sublongioribus, foliis tripartitis (inferioribus quandoque pinnatis) foliolis lanceolatis serratis. — inild. Sp.Pl. v. 3. p. 1718. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 566. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 430. Had. Woodfield, near Quebec, (Mrs. Sheppard), to Cumberland House, on the Saskatchawan. Drum- mond.— In my specimens, both of this and the preceding, the leaves are all temate, and they only differ in the relative length of the outer leaflets of the involucre. 5. B. pilosa ; floribus discoideis, involucri foliolis exterioribus longitudine interioruni, tbliis inferioribus pinnatis, superioribus ternatis, foliolis oblongis, terminal! lanceolato reliquis duplo longiore. IVilld. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1 166. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 566. Elliott, Carol. V. 2. p. *3l. Had. La Grande Chuudiere. Pursh. Subtrib. V. Helenie^e. Capitula nunquam dioica ; si heterogama, floribus $ vel neutris uniserialibus in ambitu corollasque lingulatas gerentibus, reliquis 5 . Pappus multipale- aceus, perfectus, regularis, aut aqualis aut subcequalis, ubi tunc rami styli $ apice truncati sunt, paleis integris sive plumoso-fimbriatis seu pinnatisectis. Antherce ccaudatce. Achenium erostre. Involucrum jjolyphyllum. Less. 1. Gaillardic;e. Nutt. Pappi paleis integris, rachide ebracteolata aut tantum margine bracteolata. Less. Trichophffllum.] COMPOSITiE. 315 33. GAILLARDIA. Fouff. Radius neuter. Palets pappi uninerviee, in aristam longe acuminatae. Stylo hermaphro- dito rami appendiculati. Rachis tota ebracteolata. — Herbae Boreali-AtnericancB, foliis alternis, it\ferioribu8 inciso-dentatis i capitulis solUariia, longe pedunculaiia, terminalibus, disco brunneo, radio luteo. Less, 1. G. bicolor; pubescenti-hirsuta ramosa, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis radicalibus sinuato- pinnatifidis in petiolum attenuatis superioribus sessilibus sinuato-dentatis, radio bicolori. — Lam. Encycl. v. 2. p. 585. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 572. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 449. Sims, Bat. Mag. t. 1602. — Gaillardia lanceolata. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 142. — Virgilia helenioides. UHerit. — Sm. Ex. Bot. t. 3'7. — /3. flore minore. Had. a. and |3. Lake Winipe^ to the Saskatchawan and the Rocky Mountains. Dr. Richardson. Douglas. Drummond.—(i. chiefly in mountain Prairies on the East side of the Rocky Mountains, and on the tributary streams of the Columbia on the West side. Douglas. 2. G. aristata; pubescenti-hirsuta ramosa, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis, inferiSribus sinuato- pinnatifidis in petiolum attenuatis, superioribus sessilibus integerrimis, radio unicolori. — Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 573. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1. 1 186. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2940.— Gaillardia bicolor, var. ^««. — Spreng, Had. Common on the undulating dry soils of the Columbia, from the Ocean to the Rocky Mountains : very plentiful where timber has been burned. Douglas, Dr. Scouler. 34. BAHIA. Lag. Radius ? aut nullus. Palea pappi lineares, truncatac, insequales, muticse. Stylus exappendiculatus. Rachis tota ebracteolata. — Frutices vel herbae America meridionali {et Boreedi) indigeni, foliis alternis vel oppositis, plerumque subtus tomentosis, pinnatifidis vel crenato-lobatis ; capitulis corymhosis vel subglomcratis ; involucris cylindraceis, pauciseriali- bus ; rachide plana, scepe paleaceo-Jimbrillifera. Lag. 1. B.artemisicefolia; foliis alternis sessilibus profunde pinnatifidis subtus niveo-tomen- tosis margine revolutis, capitulis fasciculatis insequalifloris heteroganiis, involucris 9-phyllis 1-serialibus cylindraceis. Less, in Linnaa, v. 6. p. 253. Had. North California, Mr, Menzies: at St. Francisco. Chamiiso {in Herb, noslr.) 35. TRICHOPHYLLUM. Nutt. (Eriophyllum? Lag,) Radius focmineus. Palece pappi eequales, obovatae, obtusae, muticse. Stylus exappendi- culatus. Rachis tota ebracteolata. — Herbae Americance, foliis alternis s. oppositis, integris s. palmato-pinnatifidis ; capitulis luteis, terminalibus, solitariis, pedunculatis ; involucris polyphyllis. Less. 1. T.lanatum; foliis oppositis pinnatifidis subtus prsecipue tomentosis laciniis remotis marginibus revolutis. — Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 166. — Actinella lanata. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 560. — Eriophyllum csespitosum. Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1167. Had. Kooskoosky River. M, Lewis. Near the sources of the Columbia River. M. Lewis. Common on dry sandy or gravelly soib, from the head sources of the Columbia to the Western Oceau. Douglas. Dr. Scouler. 2 R2 316 C0MP08IT/E. [Hymenopappus, 2. T. integrifolium ; foliis inferioribus obovnto-spathulatissuperioribus lineari-spntliulatis integris integerrimisque vel rarissime apice subtrifidis utrinque albo-lanatis. Had, With the preceding. — Although mixed with the foregoing species by Mr. Douglas, it must have been so through inadvertence ; for the two species are totally distinct in their foliage. With regard to the genus of these plants, I cannot satisfy myself that they should be referred to Eriophyllum of Lagasca, n native of South America, and of which the characters are most imperfectly detailed. The involucre in our individuals is not monopbyllous, assuredly ; though from the dense covering of wool, it may have the appear- ance of being so. 30. BLEPHARIPAPPUS. Nov. Gen. Badius pauciflorus focmineus, roroliis latu-cuneatis profunile trifidis. Palea pappi sub-8, lineari-acuminatse, fiinbriato-ciliatae. Rachis bracteolata. — Herbte annucB, ramosw, Americm Borealis ; foliis aUcrnis linearibus integris; capitulis terminalibus solitariis, radio albo; involucri hcBtnispharici foliolis uniserialibus aqualibus oblongis seu ellipticis; acheniis pilosis. 1. B. glandvlosus ; hispidus, foliis lato-linearibus superioribus involucrisque glandulosis, glandulis Tigris pedicellatis, pappi palcis clongatis basi longe pilosis, radii acheniis nudis calvis. Hab. Common on the plains of the Columbia, in sandy soils, under the shade of Purshia and Artemisia. Douglas. — G to 8 inches high, vaguely branched, branches spreading; flowers nearly as lai^e as those of Chry- santhemum Leucanthenntm. The acheniae are chkvate, those of the ray are sheathed all round by the scariose margins of the leaflets of the involucre, as in the following species, and are quite glabrous, black, and very minutely dotted. Corolla with a few long hairs at the extremity. Stigmas of the florets of the disk linear, long, recurved, glanduloso-pubescent, those of the ray very short. 2. B. scaber; foliis angusto-linearibus scabris, involucris subpubcscentibus glandulis pedicellatis nullis, acheniis omnibus villosis, pappi paleis breviusculis superne prsecipue iimbriato-ciliatis. HAn. Sandy pkins of the Columbia, among Purshia and Artemisia. — Branches more erect, and flowers much smaller than the preceding. The stigmas of the di»k appear considerably diflferent, being short and truncated, nearly glabrous, while the style upwards is very hairy and slightly incrassated. 37. I1YMENOPAPPU8. L'Herit. Capilulutn homogamum. Palea pappi numerossB, ellipticse, muticte, obtusse. Achenium subulato-turbinatuni. Stylus ap|)endiculatus. Rachis tola cbracteolata. — Herbse America Boreali indigence, albo-lanuginosa, foliis pinnatifidis, altemis ; capitulis corymbosis {yel soli- tariis) odoratis, albido-incarnatis ; foliolis coloratis. Less. 1. H. JJouglasii; lanu alba decidua tomentosus, ramis clongatis subcorymbosis, foliis bipinnatifidis segmentis linearibus sinuutis, floribus solitariis involucri foliolis sub 20 lineari- bus pubescentibus capitulo breviuribus, coroliis filiformibus apice pilosis pappi paleis line- aribus vix longioribus. — H. scabiosjeus. Dougl. MSS. apud. Herb, Hort. Soc. Lond. (non L'Herit.) Hab. Common on the barren dry sandy grounds of the Columbia, from the " Great Falls" to the Rocky Mountains. Douglas.— 1 to 3 feet high, copiously branched, the branches elongated so as all to reach nearly the same level, and each terminated by a single rather hirge white flower. This is very different from the Helenium.] COMPOSITiE. 817 H, scabiosoBus, L'Herit. (Rothia CarolMetisis, Lam. III. t, 667.) where the flowers are subcorymbose, the leaflets of the involucre very broad, the upper part of the corolla campanuhite, and the pappus extremely short. 2. H.filifoUus ; Inna alba decidua tomentosus, ramis paniculatis sparsis, foliis bipinnati- fidis segmentis filiformibus elongatis integerritnis, floribus solitariis, involucri foliolis sub-12 ellipticis pubescentibus capitulo subbrevioribus, corolloe tubo superne campanulatu, pappo brevissimo. — H. tenuifolius. Dougl. MSS. apud. Herb. Hort. Soc. Lond. (non Pursh.) Had. On the undulating arid grounds of the Columbia, near the Walla wallah, and on the banks of the Spokan and Flat-head Rivers. — 18 inches to two feet high, the stem loosely panicled above. This is quite different from the H. tenuifolius of Pursh, of which I possess a specimen from Mr. Nuttall, gathered on the Arkanso. That has a remarkably dense corymb of flowers, whereas here the branches form a \ax terminal panicle, each elongated extremity bearing a solitary flower. The pappus is extremely minute. 38. PICRADENIA. Nov. Gen. Radius 8-10 florus, fccmineus, corollis obovato-ablongis grosse tridentatis. Palea pappi 6-7 subimbricatse, ovatse, acuminatissimse, nudse. Achenium villosum. Rachis conica, nuda. — Herba AmericcB Borealis, radice crassa perenni; foliis alternis lineari-Jiliformibus rigidispinnatifidis, glanduloso-puitctatispunctispellucidis; capitulis terminalibus unicoloribus flavis; corollis disci pracipue glandidis va/de amaris tectis; involucri subhemispharici foliolis imbrieatis, externis basi coadunatis, — Nomen %m%»t, amartis, et «J>i», glandula : ob glandiilas amarissimas. 1. P. Richardsoni. (Tab. CVIII.) Radix subfusiformis, lignosa, descendens, raraosa, superne divisa. Caiiles subspithameei, erecti, rigidi, glabri, striati, superne ramosi. Folia 3-4 uncias longa, lineari-filiformia, caulina pauca ; omnia pinnatifida, kciniis panels, remotis, rarius iterum divisis, glanduloso-atque pellucido-puuctatis, obscure unicostatis. Pedunaili terminales, uniflori. Flos majusculus. Involucrum hemisphiericum, impresso-punctatum, glan- dulosum, subpubescens; foliolis oblongis imbrieatis, exterioribus inferne coadunatis. Rachis (sen recepta- culum) conica, camosa, punctata, ebracteata. FloscuH radii ligulati, obovato-oblougi, lutei, tubo preecipue glandulosi, apice dentibus 3 grossis ; disci tubulosi, o-dcntati, flavi, glandulis valde amaris tecti. Antherce subexsertie. Stigmata iuclusa, breviuscula, apice incrassata et hirsuta. Achenium oblongum, superne latius, pilosum pnecipue apicem versus. Pappus paleaceus, paleis 6-7, erectis, ovatis, acuminatissimis, membranaceis. Hau. About Carlton House, on the Saskatchawan. Z>r. Richardson.^AKei to Hijmenoxys of Cassini, in the nature of the pappus : but very different in the involucre and habit Tab. CVIII. P. Richardsoni. Fig. 1, Involucre; ^ji. 2, Section ot Ao.; fig, 3, Floret of the ray; ./fy. 4, Floret of the disk ; fig. 5, Stigmas ; fig. 0, Palete : — magnified. 39. HELENIUM. Linn. Capilulum radiatum, radio ? . Palea: pappi aristatse, acuminatae. Achenium multifariam pilosum. Stylus exappeiidiculatus. Rachis margine bracteolata. — Herbre Americana;, io\\\slinearibtis, integris, puberulis, sape dccurrentibus ; capitulis luteis, terminalibus, solitariis, lingulis radii apice trilobis; '\nvo\\xcr\s polyphyllis, uniserialibus ; rachide convexa. Less. I. H. autumnalc; caule angulato, foliis lanceolatis serratis dccurrentibus, disci corollis .5-fidis radii 3-5-fidis.— Liww. Sp. PI. p. 1120. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 133. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 5GG. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 401. Hook, in Dot. Mag. t. 2994. tl8 COMPOSITiE. [Achillaa. Hab. Throuf^hout British North America, from Lake Huron nearly to the Arctic Circle, and from Hudson'* Bay to the Pacific Ocean. Subtrib. V. Chrysantheme^. Capitulum heterogamum, jkribua uniserialihm in ambitu, . fixmirieis seu neutris, quorum saltern nonnultis corolla lingulatcB s. lingulcBformi-bilabiaUB sunt; reliquis stylum semper bifidum gerentibus, rarius sterilibus. Pappus nullus aut coroniformis, integer aut rarissime e paleis minutis, aemilanceolatis, aqualibu* constans. AnthercB ecaudatce. Stylo disci rami, ubi rachis bracteolata est, semper exappindiculati, pubeque nunqnam descendente. Achenium neque rostratum, neque plano-obcompressum et orbiculare, plerumque angulatum atque costatum. Less. 1. Anthemide^. Rachide bracteolata. Less. 40. ANTHEMIS. Linn. Radius fucmincus. Achenium exnlatum, glabrum, angulatum, areola terminali. Pappus coroniformis, callosus, crassus, integer. Corolla tubo plano-obcomprcsso subexappendi- culata; disci 5-dentata; radii lingulata, lingula oblonga. Stylus disci ramis exappendicu- latis. Itn'olucrum campanulatum. Rachis ampla, convexa. — Herbse per totam zonam temperatam horealem orbis antiqui divulgates, foliis alternis, bi-vel tripinnatisectis ; capitulis terminalibus, solitariis ; radio concolori vel albo. Less. I. A. Cotula; caule ramoso ^)]iisque 2-pinnatis subvillosis, laciniis subulatis 3-partitis, ramis floriferis paniculatis, flosculis paleas setaceas superantibus, seminibus upice nudis. Spr.—Liim.-~Engl. Bot. t. IS'72. Nutt. Gen. Am. r. 2. />. 171. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 405. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 314. Has. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. Quebec. Mrs. Sheppard.—Introducei, but abundant throughout the United States. 41. ACHILLjEA. Linn. Radius foemineus. Achenium exalatum, calvum, glabrum, areola terminali. Corolla disci 5-dentata tubo plano-compresso bialata, radii lingulata, lingula brevi. Involucrum cylindraceum. Rachis parva. — Herbse aut rarius subfrutices per totam zonam temperatam meridionalem orbis antiqui pracipue divulgates, foliis alternis, rarius pinnatijidis plerumque varie pinnatisectis ; capitulis corymbosis; radio plerumque albo, rarius luteo vel purpurascente, b-decemfloro. Less. 1. A. muUiflora; caule erecto foliisque elongato-lanceolatis argute pinnatiiido-serratis glabriusculis laciniis serrulatis, corymbo terminali composito, radio brevissimo. — A. Ptarmica. Rich, in Frankl. \st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 33. (non aliorum.) Hao. Throughout the woody country, and as far North as Fort Franklin. Dr. Richardson. Drummond. — This is certainly very distinct from the European A. Ptarmica, not only in foliage, but remarkably so in its dense compound corymbs, and the extremely short ray of the flowers. 2. A. Millefolium; caule subramoso foliisque 2-pinnatis glabriusculis seu pubescentibus, laciniis linearibus serratis, corymbo composito. — Linn, — Engl. Bot. t. 758. Pursh, Fl. Am. V. 2. p. 563. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 405. Chryianthemum.] COMPOSITE. 319 Hab. Throughout the British Pome«8ion8, from Lake Huron to the Arctic Sea, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. — On the North-West coast this plant is most variable, sometimes with short, narrow, very woolly leaves, and extremely dense laciniie, (as found by Mr. Mcnzies, Mr. Douglas, and Dr. Scouler, in the North -West, and which I suspect may be the A. tomentosa of Pursh), at other times with the leaves remarkably elongated, the lower ones even a foot long, and three inches in diameter, cut into long and glabrous laciniie. 3. A. tomentosa; foliis 2-pinnatifidis villoso-tomentosis, foliolis confertis tripnrtitis siib- transversis, lacinulis linearibus integerrimis, corymbo composito. Spr. — Engl. Bot. t. 2532. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 563. Hab. On the banks of the Kooskoosky, North-West America. JU. Lewis, (ex Pursh.) 2. Chrysantheme^. Rachide ebracteolata. Leas. 42. CHRYSANTHEMUM. Linn. Achenium exalatum, calvum, epapulosum, teretiusculnm, disco epigyno magno. Cor. disci ^ , 5-dentata, tubo carnoso, plano-obcompresso et subbialuto, radii lingulata. Stylus disci ramis exappendiculatis. — Herbse rarissime suifrutices, per totam orbem terrarum divul- gate, foliis alternis, pinnatifidis vel dentatis, superioribus sessilibus ; capitulis solitariis ramosque superne aphyllos terminantibus, radio cdbo vel luteo; involucris campanulatis imbri- catis ; rachide convexa, nuda. Less. 1. C. Leucaidhemum ; caule subramoso, foliis crenatis serratisve, inferioribus obovato- spathulatis superioribus lanceolatis, ramis 1-floris. Spr. — Linn. — Engl. Bot. t. 601. Purs/t, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 50T. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 401. Had. Canada and Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia, (Mr. Garry); introduced. 2. C. arcticum; caule superne nudiusculo, foliis subcarnosis cuneatis inferioribus sublonge petiolatis sinuato-pinnatiiidis superioribus trilobis. — Linn. — Gmel. Fl. Sib. v. 2. p. 203. t. 24. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 526. Hook, et Am. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. v.\.p.\\Q,et 126. Lessing, in Linnaa, v. 6. p. 169. Hab. Behring's Straits, Steller. Chamisso. Lay (tnd Collie. Fort Vancouver on the Columbia. Douglas. Dr. Scouler. York Factory, Hudson's Bay. Drummond. Arctic Sea coast Dr. Richardson. — This is a very distinct, and probably entirely a maritime species. 3. C. integrifoUum ; nanum, pilosum, foliis linearibus integerrimis, caule subaphyllo unifloro. (Tab. CIX.) Rich, in Frankl. \st Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 33. Hook, in Parry's 2d Voy. App. p. 398. Hook, et Am. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 126. Lessing, in Linneea, v. 6. p. 170. " Radix gracilis, perennis. Folia radicalia conferta, fere poUicaria, linearia, obtusiusuula, integerrima, pilosa. Caulis simplicissimus, digitalis, superne incrassatus, pilis raoUibus patentissimis dense tectus, vt intordum folio uno alterove fere setaceo instructus. Flos pro ratione plantie magnus. Calyx hemisphtericus imbricatus, squamis elliptico-obovatis, appressis, viridibus, marginibus membranaceis laceris, umbrino-fuscis. Flosadi radii albi, mogni, late elliptici, 3-dentati; disci lutei. Receptaculuvi pilosiusculum." Rich. Has. On the Copper Mountains, in lat. G7°. Dr. Richardson. Shores and Islands, probably throughout the whole extent of Arctic America. Dr. Richardson. Capt. Sir J. Franklin. Capt. Sir E. Parry. Chamisso. Messrs. Lay and Collie, §-c. 320 COMPOSITiE. [ Omalanthui. Tab. CIX. C. integrifolium. Fig. 1, Outer; yfi/. 2, Inner leaflet of the involucre;///. 3, Floret of the ray; /tg. 4, Floret of the disk ; /iff. 5, Stiffmas; Jiff. 6, Leaf. 4. C? nanitin; annuuin, caule subramuso laxc lunoso, lana dccidun, foliis pinnatifidis segmentis linetiribus integris, floribus terminalibus solitariis, achcniis obovato-oblongis papulosis. Hab. North-West coast of America. Mr. Memies. — This was marked " Anthimis" by Mr. Menzies, but as I do not find nny scales upon the receptacle, I rather refer it to Chryaanlhemum, nottvithstandiuf; that the achenium is rough with minute granules or papilla. The root is small and fibrous. Stem suberect, ;)-5 inches high, simple or branched, slender, partially clothed with a deciduous lax wool. Leaves scarcely an inch long; their rachis and segments slender. Flower terminal, solitary, the size of that of a daisy. Leaflets of the involucre elliptical, at length sphacelated at the extremity. Florets of the ray 8-10, appar- ently white and entire at the point. Receptacle or rachis of the flower convex. I regret that I cannot give a more full description of this interesting little plant without the destruction of the few specimens which I possess. 43. PYRETHRUM. Willd. Achenium exulatuni, conforine, anguliitum. Pappus coioniformis, diamctro ei achenii subaequali. Cor. disci § , 5-dentata, tubo incrossato, stepius plano-obcoinpresso et bialato, radii ? lingulata, liiigula oblonga. Stylus disci ramis exappendiculatis. Involucrum campnnulatiim. Rachis ampla. — Herbae vclrarius frutices, per zonam tempcratam australem (prcccipue) divulgatfc, h\\\s alternis, rarissime oppositis, plenimque varie pinvatijidis ; cap- itulis solitariis vet corymbosis, radio alba, rarius luteo; involucris campanulatis, imbricatis; rachide planiuscula. Less. 1. P. inodorum; caule diiFuso ramose, foliis bipinnatis glabris, foliolis lineari-RIiformibus 2-3-partitis, coronula achctiii intcgerrima. — Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 676. — /3. nanum ; caule unifloro. Hooh. et Am. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. v. I. p. 126. — P. Caucasicum. JVilld. (fide Lessing.) Chrysanthemum grandiflorum. Hooh. in Parry's 2d Voy. App. p. 398. Hah. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. York Factory, Druntmond; and as far North as Bear Lake, Dr. Richardson, ji. Shores and Islands of the Arctic sea. Dr. Richardson. Chamisso. Subtrib. VII. Ahtemisi^. Capitula nunquam dioica, floribus marginalibus uni-s.-pluriseri- alibus,fcemineis, corollas tubulosas aut rarissime obsolete lingulatas gerentibus, ubi tunc ( 1 ) aut lingula ipso tubo pla»o-<^otnpresso et bialato angtistiores, (2) autflores ? pluriser idles, (3) aut achenia plano-ohcompressa et orbicularia sunt, (4) aut floribus ccntralibus masculis stylus .limplicissimus est. Pappus aut nullus, aut coronifljrmis, aut e brevissimis paleis velpilis, cellulis uniserialibus, suprapositis farmatis constans. Antherae ecaudatm. Stylo 9 vel i rami semper exappendiculati. Less. 1. Cotule.t:. Capitidis multifloris; corollis staminigcris tubnm plano-obcomprcssum et biulatum, stylumque bifidum gerentibus aut teretibus, si ac/ienium aut corolla fteminea et obcompressa est; rachide ebracteolata. Liss, 44. OMALANTHUS. Less. Capituliim heterogamum, floribus uniserialibus in ambitu, reliquis 9 fertilibus. Ach- enium cxalatum, quadrigonum, conforme. Pappus coroiiiformis, repandus. Cor. $; § Artemisia,] COMPOSITiE. 321 ginbru, plano\toi Tunacetumvutgare: but it is much more robust; and it differs, as Lessing tells us, " coroUis ftfimineis plano-obcompressis et inferne alatia." 2. Artemisieje. Capittdis muUifloris ; corollis staminigeris teretibus stylumque bijidum gerentihns ; acheniis exalatis, nunquam plano-obcompressis et orbicularibus, rachide ebracteo- lata. Less. 45. ARTEMISIA. Linn. CoptYu/um aut hcterogamum, floribus disci 9,et $ in ambitu rachide villosa (Absinthium, Tourn.); aut floribus disci ^ et $ in ambitu, rachide nuda [Abrotnnum, Tourn.); aut floribus omnibus $ v. raro in medio 1 $, rachide nuda (Seriphidium, Visss.); aut floribus staminigeris abortu ovarii sterilibus, $ in ambitu, rachide nuda {Dracunculus, Bess., Oli- gosporus, Cass.) Achenium ohovatum calvum disco epigyno minute. — " Herbae ^er , 185. IIaii. Buy of St. Lttwrt'iH'*'- Vhamimo. Kutxi'buo'i Sound, MfHurs, Lay anil Collie, 1 8. A. vaspitoM ( /ir.v,*. ) ; calatliidibiis racuiiioso-spicatis gloiiieratis gloljosis, pcchinculiii apice laimtis, f1n«(ni1i§ siiperric pilosuli.s, pcriclinii sqimmis fuscis srariosis V°. Driimmimil. \tc\'h\ ^mi nlioro. Dr. HkhariUon. — (Myipcvi. nioiM from tliu Htii'ky Moiiiittiiiiii itro iileiitieul witli A. y>ii |iuiiivula [inteutn riunoia fulionimqiifl laciiiiu! mint iiu'iHo-|ii'ctinutu). i'roxiiiiii |)oliuii A. Timrmfiirhiiiiir, Kclcli,; ii (|iiii tnnicn liinniii, foliorum luviiiliii (biiluuticiilutlH in ultoru) llo!tvuliHi|uu lluvix (|mr|mruiiuoiitibiitt in ultvru) cliffttrt. lUn, From York Fnctory and the Siinkatchawan, to the Mai^kcnxiu River. Fir. RichuriUon, Dnim- motul. Douijlnt, Sect. III. SEBirmniUM. Bess. liulldin de la Sor. Imp. tics Xiitur. supra citatum, ubi errore tijimyraphia Seriphitla. — Abrotnuclla. //. Cass, 18. //. cana; frutcscciis, calathidibus ovatis licinisplia'ricis axilhiribiis ^rlomrratis crcctis, foliis iiitcgris. — Pursh, /'/. Am, v, 2, p. 521. — A. Columbienttis, Nutt. den. Am, v, 2. p, U2. . Hah. Plains of the Siukat<;hawan. Dnimmoiid. Bnrreii pluins of the Columbia Itiver. M. LewU. Sect. IV. Duacunculus. Bess, Oligosporus. //. Cass. 19. A, desertorum; suifruticosa, cnlatliidibus raccinoso-puniculutis subglobosis ovatisvc, periclinii nitidi squamis ovatis subacutis lateribus scatiosis, cnulc crccto strictovc, foliis inferioi'ibus (et radiculibus) bipinnatisectis laciniis lincaribus, vel pinnatifidis laciniis lanceo- latis subtrifidis, vel subspathulato~3-partito-mu1tifidis laciniis lunceolatis vcl lineari-lunceolatis, caulinis3-7-partitis seinianiplcxicaulibus laciniis lincaribus vel lanceolatis media pinnatii^cctn. — Sprenff, Syst, Vtgct. v. 3, p, 490. Bess, Drac. MSS, — y. Scouleriatia ; calatliidia plus 1'" glabra, periclinii squuiiiis interioribiis acutiiisculis. Folia radicalia 2-pinnatiscctn, junioru subsericen, laciniis lincaribus elongatis 8"'-l" longis ^"' latis. (Ileliquis strictior.) — 3. Ilookfiana ; calatliidia plus 1'" glabcrrima, periclinii squamis exterioribus acutis. Folia glaberrinia, radicolia 2-pinnatisccta laciniis lineari-lanceolatis brevioribus 3-8'" longis, Y' lotis. Unius speciminis caulis adscendens, aliorum strictus videtur. — 5. Richardsoniana ; calatliidia (!) incano-sericea, periclinii squamis exterioribus late ovatis. Folia (radicalia et caulina iiit'crioradesunt)caulinasuperiorttsubsericea, laciniis lincaribus 6-9'" longis ^"' latis; lloralibus siniplicissimis 1". A virgata. Rich, in Spremj, Syst, Veget. v. 3, p, 1'J4.(.5*) — A. canipestris. Rich, in Franhl. \stJourn,ed, 2. App, p, 30. — A. Canadensis. Mich. — Nutt. — Specimen unicuin juvenile 1^' vidi, quotl est sola panicula patula, ramis panels 4". Caulis est violaceus, liirsutus, potius quam incano-scriceus. — n. Douglasiana; calatliidia (?) glabra, periclinii squamis exterioribus subrotundis. Folia villoso- subsericca cinerea: (radicalia desunt), cnuliim pinnutisecta, laciniis inferiorum 3-fidis, superiorum indivisis lincaribus 5-8'" longis f ' latis. «8e COMPOSITiE. [Artemtia. Planta suinme poljrmorpha. A Twai (Don) Bashkiria, regione Altaica et Jemiaea prope Krainojank incipiens, partem meridionatem Oub. Iroutongis et Kamtsobatka occnpant atque per Aniericam feptentrion- alem late sese exten>';t. :■'>'•■ ^ i > ■ '' ' -„ . ■ ,^ Hab. y. North-West coast of America, Fort Vancouver, and Straits of de Fuca. Dr. Scouler. Rapids of the Columbia. Douglas. — I. et ?. Throughout Canada, from Lake Huron, {Dr. Todd,) to Hudson's Bay, (Michaux, Douglas,) along the Saskatchawvn to the Rocky Mountains, Dr. Richardson, Douglat, Drum- mond: and thence to the Arctic Circle. Dr. Richardson. — (I think this species will be found to be the A. Canadensis of Nuttall, if not of Michaux ; the former co .jmres it with A. campestris, and says it is Pursh's plant of that name. It certainly is that of Dr. Richardson : and the A. virgata, RicL., quoted by Dr. Besser, is the A.friyida. — H.) 20. A. Nuttalliana (Bess.); suifruticosa, calathidibus racemoso-paniculatis globosis, periclinii squamis exterioribus lineari-oblongis marginatis, caule erecto, panicula patula, foliis glabris, infei'ioribus , caulinis basi indivisis trifidis, laciniis ramisque lanceolatis acutis. Bess. Monogr. Art, ined. cum ic. Bess. Dracunc. MSS. Ab aiRnibus A. caudata et A. Ammanniana differt foliis laciniisque lineari-lanceolatis acutis, ab illis et A. desertorum periclinii squamis exterioribus lineari-oplongis oequilongis omnibus lateribusscariosis; a prima panicula magis patula, ramulis apice foliisque cinereis subcericeis ; a prima et tertia, foliis caulinis S-fidis, nee .'i-T-partitis ut in desertorum. Specimina qwe vidi sunt 1 ^' quorum panicula ipsa maximam partem occupat Folia l^V longa Liciuiis, ^"' latis. Calathidibus sat affinis A. Dracunculo. Hab. Red River. Douglas, in Herb. Lindl. 21. A. Dracunculus; sufFruticosa, calathidibus racemoso-paniculatis globosis, periclinii squamis exterioribus oblongis marginatis, caule erecto, foliis radicalibus apice trifidis, caulinis lanceolatis lineari-lanceolatisve integerrimis. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 189. Bess. Dracunc. MSS. — 8. glauca; fastigiata. Specimen unicum est 1^', caule rubro, ramis fastigiatis (an destruc- tione apicis caulis?) junioribus incanis. Folia lanceolata, glaucescentia, at vix pubescentia 8'"-" longa, 1'" lata, rami tecti racemis vix 1", apice cernuis, infimis 2", calathidia 1'", periclinii squamae interiores Inte scariosae. Flosculi flavi. Hab, Plains of the Saskatchawan. Drummond. 22. A. borealis; herbacea csespitosa villoso-sericea vel glabra, calathidibus spicato- racemosis rarius paniculatis hemisphsericis, periclinii squamis ellipticis scariosis, caule simplici, foliis (exceptissummis,) petiolatis, radicalibus lineari-lanceolatis integerrimis, apice 3-5-fidis pinnatisectis bipinnatisectis imo supra decomposito-sectis, laciniis lanceolatis linearibus vel filiformibus, caulinis bipinnatisectis pinnatisectis 5-3-fidis vel linearibus integerrimis Pall. It. v. 3. App. n. 129. t.H.h.f. 1. Less, in Schlechtend. Linner totam orbem terrartlm dispersa, foliis altemis, varie sectis; cupitulis solitariis aut corymbosis aut corymboso-paniculatis, imbricatis ; rachide magis minusve convexa, nuda. Less, 1. T, vulgare; capitulis heterogamis corymbosis, foliis bipinnatifidis segmentis lanceolatis inciso-serratis. — Linn, — EngL Bot, t. 1229. Pursh, Fl, Am. v, 2. p, 522. Hab. Canada ; probably introduced. Mrs, Sheppard, 2. T, pauciflorum ; caule simplici foliis longiorc subunifloro, foliis bipinnatis villosis sessilibus, flosculis omnibus hermaphroditis. Herb. Banks, — Rich, in Frankl, \st Jonrn. ed, 2. App, p. 30. Had. Woody country, between lat. 5V and 64'°, North. Dr. Richardson. — " Uluaris. Folia bipinnanata et tripinnatifida, laciniis angustis obtusiusculis. Flos plerumque unicus terminalis interdum alter e suprema axilla." Rich. L c. 3. T.? suavedens; capitulis homogamis, ramis unifloris, receptaculo conico involucro longiore inferne squamoso, foliis profunde bipinnatifidis laciniis linearibus acutis basi sub- pectinato-pinnatifidis. (Tab. CX.) — T. mntricarioides. Less,Syn. Gen, Compos, — Artemisia matricarioides. Less, in Linnaa, v, 6. p. 240. (excl. syn. Tanaceti paucijlori, Mich, ?), — Santolina suaveolens. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2, p. 520. Radix annua, ramosa, fibrosa. Caulis pahnaris ad spithamRam, basi divisus, apice ramosus, teres, striatus, subhiisutus, foliosus. Folia alterna, sessilia, circumscriptione oblonga, bipinnatifida, vix pilosa, basi lata pectinato-pinnatifida, laciniis linearibus angustis acutis. Rami ultimi, seu pedunculi, terminales, sub sesqui- unciam longi, nudiusculi, striati, apice paululum incrossati, uniflori. Involucrum, ratione floris magnum, hemisphaericum, foliolis pauci-serialibus subiequalibus, oblongis, glabris, marginibus scariosis, albis. Flosculi omnes tobulosi, hemiaphroditi, flavi, inferiores paleocei, paleis scariosis, oblongis, obtusis, superiores nudi. Corolla brevis: tubo subtotragono compresso bialato, limbo campanulato, 3-5-dentato. Sit/li antherteque inclusi. Achenium oblougum ovaturave, leve. Pappus omuino nullus. m 828 COMPOSITE. [ Chrysanthemum. Hau. Banks of the Kooskoosky. M. Lewis. Unalaschka. Chamisso. Straits of de Fuca. Br. Scouler. — The first I knew of this plant was from Chamisso, who had the kindness to communicate to me an Uua- lasuhka specimen, under the name of Artemisia matricarioides of Leasing in the Linniea. So little does it accord in habit, however, with Artemisia, that I was not surprised to find the able Author had removed it from that Genus, in his subsequent work, the " Synopsis Gencrum Compositarnm," With Tanacetum I fear it has little more affinity, either in foliage, inflorescence, or in the receptacle or racbis. The habit is altogether that of a Cotula, or of an Anthemis without ray ; but it is probably sui generis. Lessing considers the racbis or receptacle to be destitute of scales or bracteas, but I find the extremity only free from scales, the rest is evidently furnished with them. Tab. ex. T? suaveolens. Fiij. 1, Involucre and rachis, or receptacle from which most of the florets are removed;^*/. 2, Lower floret with its scale ;y?(/«. 3 and 4, Upper floreU;^;^. 5, Achenium;^?);. 6, Leaf: — maynijied. Subtrib. Gnaphalie^e. Capitulum sapius uniflontm, rarissime radiatum et biflorum. Pappus pilosus vel setaceus, sapissime tongus aid nuUus nbi achenium erostre et capitulum unijlorum, aut rarissime coroniformis, ubi capitula paucijlora in glomerulos lana inter- mixtos foliisque involucratos dense sunt congcsta, aut biserialis, serie interiori paleacea, exteriori coroniforini, Antherce caudatte. Corolla flori fmmineo s. neutro, si adest, Jilifornns, rarissime in capitulis bifloris lingvlata. Stylo Jloris hermaphroditi vel masculi rami exappendiculati, — Folia alterna, in unico gen-spatl»ulatis albis trinerviis, caulinislincari-laiiceolatis, ciiule laiiuto simplici, florious corj'inlwso-capitatis dioicis, involucri squainis iiiterioribus obtusis opacis, talycibus dense lanatis. Br. in Linn. Trans, v. 12. p. 123. Bich. in Frankl. IstJourn. ed. 2. App. p. 30. — Gnapbaliuni plantaginifoliuni. Linn. — Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 525. — G. dioicum, var. plantaginifolium. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 128. Had. From Lake Huron, (Dr. Todd,) and throughout the woody country, to lat. 54" (Dr. Richardson, Drummond) ; and from Hudson's Bay to the mountain sources of the Columbia. Douglas, Dr. Richardson, Drummond. 6. A. racetnosa ; stolonibus reptantibus, foliis supra cauleque sinij)lic< glabris subtus albo- tomentosis, radicalibus ovatc-spathulatis, caulinis linenri-lanceoiatis, floribus racemosis dioicis, racemis laxis subconi|)ositis, involucri stpiamis onmibus obtusis nitidis glaberrimis. Had. Alpiue woods of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. — This is more distinct from A. plantagini- folia than that is from A. dioica. The uj>per side uf the foliiigc, the stem, and involucre are quite destitute of tomentum, and the flowers form lax racemes, their pedicells often again divided. In many respects this plant bears the same relation to A. plantaginifolia which A. alpina docs to A. dioica. .Subtrib. SENEcroNiE.-E. Capitula nuuquam dioica; si heterogama, floribus marginalihus fitmincis, srepissime uniserialihus,reUquis 5 . Pappus setaceus, multiradiatus, suhcequalis ; corolla floribus ? aut Ungulate aut rarius flliflnmes. Antherai ecauduta. Less. 4!). ARNICA. Linn. Capitulum radia*um. Pappus conformis, sctaceiis, uni.serialis. Stylus disci ramis pubc ionge descendente obscssis, truncatis, aut cono brevi superatis. — Herbii' pereniies, in Europa vel in Asia ef .imerica boreali crescentes; fl)liis oppositis, integris, magis minusve kirsutis ; capitulis magiiis luteis, cauleni ramosve superne aphyllos terminantibus, solitariis vel ternis ; involucris campatiulatis, biserialilms. Less. 1. A.inontana; foliis oblongislanceolatisveparallcliin nervosis dentatis integerrimi.sve, caule iini-paucifloro. — Linn. — /3. angustifolia ; foliis angustioribus. — A. montana, (3. alpina. Linn, — Br. in Parries Voy. App. p. cclxxix. Bich. in Frankl. \st Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 30. — A. angustifolia. J'ahl, in Fl. Dan. t. 152i. Hook, et Am. in Hot. nf Beech. Voy. v. \. p. 126. — A. alpina. Less, in Linnma, v. 6. p, 235, and probably A. obtusitblia, Less, and A. Una- Senecio.] C0MP08ITiE. 331 laschkinnn, Less, niul Chnmissonis of tlie same author (nil from Unalaschka. Ckamisso.) — A. plaHtaginea and A. fulgens. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 529. (according to Brown.) Hab. Woody country, from the Sankatchawan to the extreme Arctic regions, and from Labrador to the more clcvnti>(' of the Kocky Mountains. Unahischka. Vhnmisao. Kotzebue's Sound. Ltiy and CoUie.^hi size and foiinire, fetv plants are more variable than this ; yet none of our specimens have leaves so broad or xri ol'tuse ua tt>ose of A. montana which I possess from the south of Europe, of which, neverthe- leii T -1 332 COMPOSlTiE. [Senecio- 2. S. hieracifolius ; caule elnto folioso, foliis aniplcxicnulibus oblungis inaequalitcr imicro- natu-denUitis subsiiiuiitis glubris, floribus bubcorynilx)sis, involucro biisi inultisetoso. — Mich, Am. V. 2. p. 119. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 52i). Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 328.— Erccthites prnenlta. Jlqf. — I^ess. Hau. Canada. Pursh. Woodfield, near Quebec. Mrs. Percival. Snskatchawan. Dr. Richardson. Drum- mond, — I have seen no Canadian tpeoimens of this plant. It is frequent in the United States. 3. S. atriplicifolius ; caule elato, fuliis petiolatis glabris siibtus glaucis angulato-tlentatis, radicalibus curdati.s, caulinis rhombeis, fluribiis corymbosis erectis, invohicris quinquefloris. — Catalia atriplicitblia. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 3. p. 1734. Pursh, Fl. Am. r. 2. p. 318. Elliott, Carol, r. 2. p. 340. — ^. reni/ormis ; foliis radicalibus lenilbrini-triangi. ibus. — C. reui- tbrinis. Jf'illd. IIaii. Canada. Mr. CUghom. — My variety /3. quite agrees with the Cacalia reni/ormis of Willdenow, except that the involucres are not many-flowered; and the ttvo plants are evidently near allies, if indeed they be really distinct. Mr. Nuttall observes that in both there is a single chafTy scale in the centre of the recep- tacle. It is not so in my specimens. 4. S. pauciflorus; tbiiis radicalibus longe (letiolatis ovato-subrotundis siibcordatis den- tatis, cauljiiis 2 renioti.s pinnatifidis dentatis, peduncidis brevibus subternis unibellatis. — Pvrsh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 529. Bich. in Frankl. \st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 30. IIaii. Labrador. Kohlmeister. Pursh. Woody country between lat. 5-i° and 64°. Dr. Richardson. — May not Fursh have quoted as a synonym, " S. tussilaginoides, Walt. Fl. Carol. - ' * * Involucrum basi nudum. (Cineraria, Z/.) 14. S. frigidus; deciduo-tonifiitosus, caule siiiiplici siibbuinili, f'oliis obloiivatis petiolatis, caule asceiideiite uiiifloro. (Tab. CXII.) — Lessintj in Linn. V. 6. p. 239, — Cineraria trigida. llich. in FranM. \st Journ, ed, 2. App. />. 31. — C. utro- piirpurea, Ledeb. in Mem. Acad. Pttersb, v. b. p. 574. (fide Less.) Had, Barren country from 04", to the shores of the Arctic Sea. Dr. Richardson. Island of St. Law- rence in Behring's Straits. Chamisso. Tab. CXIL Senecio frigidus. Fig. I, Floret of the ray j Jig. 2, Floret of the disk. 15. S. Pseudo-Arnica; deciduo-lonicntosiis, caule crasst) erecto tblioso, foliis oblonj^is dentatis iuforne attenuatis, superioribus basi subcordatis seuiianiplexicaulibus inf'erioribus in petioluni attenuatis, (lore solitario niaxinio. (Tab. CXIII.) — Lcssimj in Linnaia, v. 6. p. 240. Haii. Behring's Straits. Chamisso. Newfoundland. Lady Hamilton. Labrador. Dr. Morrison. — Lessing (jiiotes under this i}i\e Arnica mnritimaoi Linnieus and Pursh, the authority for which is the "Aster 8. potius f Iclenium maritimum, &c. of Omelin, Fl. Sibir. v. 2. p. 175" : but that is described as bearing many branches, and numerous flowers, and I think cannot in any way correspond with our plant, of which all the specimens that 1 have seen have a simple stem and a solitary flower. May this not be the Senecio Doronic.um of Pursh ? Tab. CXIII. Senecio Pseudo-Arnica. Fig. 1, Floret of the ray; fig. 2, Floret of the disk, 16. S. palustris ; simplex vel raniusus laiiatus, caule fistuloso, foliis lato-lanceolatis, caidinis liiieari-ianceolatis sinuato-dentatis fere pinnatifidis, floribus corynilxjsis. — Cineraria palustri)^. Linn. — Engl. Bot. t, 1.51. Rich, in Franhl. \st Journ. id. 2. App. p. 31. — l3.con- gestus ; caule siinpiicissinio, floribus capitatis. — Cineraria cougesla. Br. in Parry's \st Voy. App. p. cclxxix. Hab. From the Saskatchawan, (Dr. Richardson, Douglas, Drummond,) to the extreme Arctic islands. — li. Chiefly in the Arctic regions. Dr. Richardson. Cupt. Sir E. Parry, §'c. — I am quite unable to distin- Cruciflium.] COMPOSlTiB. d3:> griiish S. coni/ettui M ti Hper.ieg from S. pulmtrii; Mr. Drummond'H and Dr. Richardson's specimens show intermediate gradations. 17. S. Kalmii; floribus puniciilntis, foliis |)innntifi(li.s siibvillosis Inciiiiis sinuati.s, cniile herbaceo. Linn. — Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 165. Lesabig in Linnaa, v. 0. p. 244. — Cineraria Canadensis. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1244. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 528. (non Hook, et Arn. in Dot. of Beech, Voy. v. I. p. 126.) Hah. Canada. Kalm. Day of Eschmcholtx. Chaminso. — Lessin); eompares this with S. paltutris, from which it only appears to differ in xome very slight particulars. 18. S. integrifolius ; aracluioideo-tomentnsus, foliis integris, inferioribus oblongo-ovatis spathulatis, caulinis lanceolatis, floribus corynilwsis — Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 165. — Ciner- aria integritblia. Jacq. Austr. t. 179. WUld. Sp. PI. r. 3. p. 2032. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 528. Rich, in Frnnkl. \st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 30. Haii. Woody country, in lat 34°, to the shores of the Arctic sea. Dr. Richardson, Rocky Mountains. Drummond. 51. CROCIDIUM. Nov. Gen. Capituliim hoiuogiumun. Disci Ache nia ynifposa, yiapfo eequali, setis hirsutulis; radii inula, obovata, coinpressa, tuberculosa, crenato-niarginata, glaberrima. — Herba annua, humilis. Cunlcs simplices vel ramosi. Folia glabra ; radicalia lyrato-pinncUiJida, laciniis paucis ; caulina parva, linearia, integra vel laciniata ; in axillis insigniter lanosa. Flores solitarii in ramos. Involucruin simplex mtdtipartitum, laciniis lanceolatis glalms subpaten- tibus. Receptaculuni conicum, nudum. 1. C. multicaule. (Tab. CXVIII.) Had. About Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia. Douglas, and Nicholas Garry, Esq. — I am unable to refer to any established genus this plant, which, however, I think will rank with the Senecionidece. As in Senecio aureus, the axills of the leaves bear a tuft of woolly hair; but in the present plant this is far more copious and conspicuous; so much so, as to have suggested the generic name, x;mii, a lock of wool. Tau. CXVIII. Fiy. 1, Flower or capitulum; Jiff. 2, Involucre and receptacle ; Jig. S, Floret from the disk; Jig. i, Anthers ; Jig. o. Portion of a seta from the pappus; ^g. 6, Floret from the ray; ^g, 7, Stigma from io,; Jig. 8, Cauline leaf with the wool in the axil: — magnijied. END OF VOL. 1. BKI.l, AND BAIN, PRINTERS, OI.ASC.OW. i ! .^ f FLORA BOREALI-AMERICANA. (Obd. LI. COMPOSIT^E. L%m.i continued from Vol. I.) Trib. V. AsTEROiDEA. Less. Subtrib. L Asterea. Less. Capitula nunquam dioica, plerumque heterogama, floribus % in ambitu aut uni- aut, si pluriterialibus, corollas tunc lingulatas gerentibus, floris busque 9 in centra. Rachis plerumque ebracteolata aut, ubi bracteolata, pappus per- fectus et multiretdiatus. vtherce ecaudata. Less. bi. S0LIDA60.* L. Radius fcemineus uniserialis. Discus hermaphroditus. Pappus iiniserialis, pilosus Achenium teretiusculum, multicostatum. — Herboe plerumque Americana et elatce, pauciores. Europea vel Asiatica, foliis altemis integris: capitulis parviusculis luteis plerumque in cymas scorpioides dispositis et secundis; involucris imbricatis, pdyphyllis, rachis (seu rcceptacu- bim) nuda. Less. * Racemis secundis; foliis subtriplinerviis. 1. S. Canadensis; cnule villoso erecto, foliis lanceolatis serratis triplinerviis scabris, racemis paniculatis secundis recurvis, ligidis abbreviatis. Ait. — Linn, — Ait. Hort. Kew, ed. 1. V. 3. p. 210. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 635. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 389.—^. foliis nngustioribus, floribus minus secundis. Had. Throughout Canada, and from Lake Huron to Fort Franklin, on the Mackenzie River, fi. Columbia. Douglas. — A very polymorphous plant, as Willdenow u'ell observes, varying in the height of the stem, in the entire or serrated leaves, and in the greater or lesser depth of the scrratures. One specimen which I possess, tallying with the iS. Canaderuiaof Herb. Banks., is from Boston, and has much more numerous leaves. • A genus, Leasing observes, only diflering from Aster in its rounded, many-ribbed, not planu-comprcssed and bicostate acheniu, but easily distinguished by the habit, and by the colour (yellow) of the flowers. — In the determination of the species, attended perhaps with more difficulty than that of the species of any other genus, save its near ally. Alter, I have been greatly aided by Dr. Boott. As the Hortus Kewensis was the authority for a considerable number of species, the comparison of specimens with the Banksian Herbarium, where original specimens arc preserved, became essentially necessary : and this Dr. Boott has most kindly accomplished for me. Still, as to the limits of the species, or the value of the relative characters, I dare scarcely olfcr any opinion. vol.. II. A COMPOSITiB. [SoMayu. and (mailer Oowert than our other ipeoimenf. The y. of Herb, Baaki. and Ilort Kew. /u/i'm lubtui villoiia, we have from Canada. Me«tn. Lny and (.'oiley have gathered S, Canailttuii in California. It ii omitted by Michnux. 2. S. procera; cnulc villosti vrectu, toliis luiicuulatis scrrutis triplitierviis scabris 8ul>tutt villosis, rnceiniii spicifurmibus erectis intcrruptis nututitibus, ligulio ubbruviiitis. Ait. Ilort. Ketv. ed. I. t;. 3. ;>. 211. PuraA, Fl. Am. r. 2. p. 533. Rich, in Franhl. l»t Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 33. Had. Canada. Purah, — Woody country between lat. :>V^ and 04°. 3. S. scrotina; cmik- erecto toreti lipvi, f'oliis lincnri-Innccoliitis glabris nmrgiiic iispciis SL"rrntistri|)liiifrviis,racemi.s iMiniculutis secundis. Ait. Ilort. Kt.w, cil. l,v.3. p. 211. I'lirn/i, Fl. Am. V. 2. p. 53.'». — (3. minor; fi)liis nngiistioril)us. Hau. Lake Huron. Or. Todd, Newfoundland. Miu lirenton. Columbia River and I)e Fuva, N.W. America. Dr. Scouler, — /3. Saskntchawan. DrummomL i. S. f/it/antca; ciuile erecto glnbro, foliis liinccoliitis gliibris scrrutis nmrgiiie scabris tripliiiervlis, racemis paniculatis scciindis, pcdunciilis hirtis, ligulis abbrcviatis. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. \. t». 3. p, 811. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 335. — /3. ruccmis brevioribus obtiisis. Hah. Canada. Cleghorn. Plains of the lied River. Douglas. Fort Vancouver. Dr. Scouler.— (i. Sb«- katchawan. Druinmond. 3. S. lateriflora; caide crccto pilusiusculo, foliis lanccolatis subtriplinvrviis glabris ninrgiiie scabris, ini'erioribiis subserratis, raccniis paniciilatis subreciirvis secundis. Ait. — Linn.— Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 211. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 336. Elliott, Carol. V. 2. p. 370. Hab. Canada. Purah. — " Not more than half the nize of S. Canadmaia; flower* larger than any of thin diviaion." Ph. — Probably all the "triple-nerved" Hpeoies might, without violence to nature, merge into one. • • Jiacemis secundis; foliis venosis. 6. S, allissima; caidu erecto birto, fobis liinceolatis scaberriinis rugosis serratis cnerviis, paniculis secundis. Ait. — Linn. — Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. I. v. 3. /;. 212. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 536. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 571. Had. Canada. Mrs, Percival. Mr. Cleghorn. 7. 5, ruf/osa; caide erecto birto, foliis lanccolatis iiifcrioribiis adpresso-serratis scnl)er- rimis rugosis, racemis paniculatis secundis patentissimis. ll'illd. — Mill. Diet. — Willd. Sp. PI. V. 3. /;. 2058. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 337. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 574.— S. oltissinui. ? Ait, Hort, Keu'. ed. 1. i'. 3. p. 2\3. Had. Canada. Purah, Lake Huron. Dr, Todd. (!»mall and young specimeng.) 8. S. villosa; caule erecto villoso, foliis lanceolatis nioUiusculis serratis enervibus, racemis paniculatis secundis. Herb. Hanks. MSS. — Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 537. Elliott, Carol. V. 2. p. 372.— S, pilosa. Mill. Dict.—H. altissima. ,3. Ail. Hort. Keu: ed. ]. v. 3. p. 212. Hau. Canada. Ladi/ Dalhousie. Lake Huron. Dr, Todd, Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Labrador. Dr. Morrison. SoMagn.\ COMPOSITE. 9. S.nemnrali$i caulo erecto tomcntoiio, foliis cauliniii lanccolntiM hUpiilii intcgerrimiii, imliculibuxsiibcunciforinibuii scrrntis, ruci>iniN pimiciiliitis iicciinilis. Ait, Hurt. Kew. td. \. V, 3 /). 213. Purth, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 637. EUiott, Carol, v. 2. p. 378. IIaii, Canada. Purth, Dr. Ilulmet, Ooldie. Mr. Clegkom. it«(i Kiver. Mr. Doutjlat. Plaini of the Sankatchawan. Drummund,—T\\9 grey Mpeot of tbii plant, mentioned by Punh, i» very itrikinur in my epecimeni. 10. S.juncea; cnulc cructo ginbro, foliis lunccnlatiH glubris niarginu scabris, inferioribiiii fserrntis, racemis paniculatis sccuiulis. Ail, Ilort. Kew. id. I. v. 3. p, 813. Elliott, Carol. V. 2. p, 375 ? Ilich. in Frankl, Ut Journ. ed, 2. App. p, 33. Hab. Woody country between lat. lA", an'? 04°. Dr. RichariUon. 11. ''. nrguta; cule ercto ginbro, foliiii glubris argute inirqualitcr scrratis, cnulinis lillipticidt r.ulicnH'nm O' .i'K)bIongis, racemis paniculatis sccundis, ligulis elongatis. Ait. iltrt. K'W. e'l, A v. A. j>. 2\.i. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 838. FJIiott, Carol, v. 2. p. 374. I'.AD. Ci.'^adn. Purf'i.—l |)0Her<: no ipecimen of thii from the Uritiah Svttlementui but I have very beautiful 0 11 '4 from V>. Darlington and Mr. Towniend from Pcnniylvanin, which have been compared with thoie )au Ilrt-bariura, ■(?. S. iiiif>era(. ; caule paMi(i)liaf)-corvmb()so, mcemis subercctis, floribus adseendontibus, In*.)!* t.inc'.'o'iiri' ,erI/^ti.s stvmv.s. Iltr/j. I}anki. MSS. — Ptirsh, Fl, Am, v. 2. p. 528. H/n. (.'c.uda. heT>} r,,':k-. IS S. ■s,''iipet*\renf; c-ii'i; dVfK) fi]wv'.>, fbliis liiieari-laiiccolatis subcnrnosis la'vibus irrii-'gernmis ni'ji^/inn icuhrh, rnwmk pmiiculutis sccundis, pcdunculis pilosis. Ait. — Litin. ■ -Ait. Uort Kew. d, L v. J. ;;,. ill. .runh, Vi Ant. v. 2. p. 538. Flliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 379. lUn, Ca!i:i'li. Pii7sh.-"'My Merbart'ira tonlaJu) oi.ly :>.i<.' (ipaciiiaen of tliiii, from Dr. Darlinf;ton of VVeHt Oh^Siter, i'eceivod Ra " S. l»iw.uif<>!k," v/''iivi> exuciif ocuenipciids with 5. Sempervireiu of Banks. Herb. 11. S. c'lora; caule ..•rejto pu[„.scenie, 'oliis liiieari-lanccolatis integerriinis glabris ihiirginc aca!)ri>; lacem.'.' paiiiciilalij suci'Pili-i, ,ill. Hort. Kew. ed. \. v. 3. p. 2M'. Purah, Fl. /. FAhnK, Carol, v. V. jc. 37(;. Piuhn. Aim. t. 116. / 6. Had. '^'(.'laii'ii. Pftrih. — Ct I'lib. iikeivjii?, 1 jimisum ro Britisli-Aroericuu ttpecimens; but I have numer- ous ones from the (.'iiitei! Stolen l'u.:".h tjUj'.-i " It is most getiorally aud principally known amoni; thu inhabitants by the name ul \-iik'in''od,mA uioilas a wholesome tea. The flowers, gathered when fully expanded and carefully diied, give t mo8c agreeable substitute for tea, which for some time has been an iirtii'lp 1)1 '.". 216. Pursh, FL Am. v. 2. p. 540. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 383. Itich. in Frankl. \st Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 33. Had. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. Woody country between lat 5-1° and 64°. Dr. Richardson. Oarlton House on the Saskatchawoii. Drummond. 18. S. confertiflora ; (Nutt. MSS. in Herb. Boott.) robusta, caule crassu superne pubes- cente, foliis glabris inferioribus latissimis ovali-spatliulatis serratis a^utis marginibus scabris, superioriUus sessilibus lanceolato-ellipticis integerrimis, racemis glomeratis rigidis pubescen- tibus, involucri multiflori foliolis squamosis, radiis elongatis 10-12. — S. squamosa. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 161. (non Muhl.)—S. glomcrata. Mich.? (Boott.) Elliirit, Carol, v. 2. j>. 387? Had. Canada. Mrs, Sheppard. Mr. Goldie. Lady Dalhousie. — I have received this very fine and dis- tinct species from about fio8t0D,(J9. D. Greene, Esq.)aud from New- York and New-Jersey. (Dr. Tomy.) 19. S. IcBvigata; caule erecto lievi, foliis lanceolatis carnosis integerrimis undique Ispvibus, racemis paniculatis erectis, j)edunculis sjjuamosis villosis, ligulis elongatis. Ait. Hort. Keit\ ed. 1. v. 3. p. 215. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 541. Hau. Cauadn. Pursh. — My specimen from the New England States, which has been compared with the one in the Bauksian Herbariiun, does not appear to mo to dilfer from I2. V.WotU Oirul. V. 2. p. 3H().— .S. axillaris. Herb. Banks.— Pursh, Fl, Am. v. 2, Solidago,] COMPOSlTiE. p. 542. — S. csBsia. Linn, (not in Herb. Linn.) Ait Hort. Kew. ed. 1. ». 3. p. 217. Pursh, Fl. Am. V, 2. p. 540. DUl. Elth.t. 307. f. 395. — /3. lati/olia; foliis ovatis superioribus minori- bus, racemis subpaniculatis. — IVilld. — Pursh, FL Am. v. 2. p. 542. — S. latifolia. Linn. Herb. {Boott.) Hab. et, and /3. Throughout Canada.— I possess specimens which are exactly intermediate between S- Jlexicctulis and S, laiifolia. L. 23. S. Virgaurea; caule erecto tereti pubescent! (in nostr. exempl. subangulato glabro,) superne (nunc) ramoso, foliis inferioribus ellipticis pilosiusculis serratis, racemis erectis (compositis subsolitariis,) iigulis elongatis. Ait, — Linn. — Engl. Dot. t 301. Pursh, Fl. Am. V. 2. p. 542? Had. Labrador? Kohlmeiater : (Surely this must be iS. muAirae/taf a.) Woody country between lat. 64° and 64°. Dr. Richardson. Saskatchawan. DrummmuL—Our specimens are mostly glabrous, and are nearly a foot high, agreeing with our British Tar. called Cambrica. The same is found by Mr. Oreene near the summit of Mount Washington, on the White Mountains, U. S. 24. S. multiradiata ; caule villosiusculo, foliis sessilibus lanceolatis glabris ciliatis, inferi- oribus apice serratis, raceme termiuali erecto (dense corymboso) ligulis elongatis numer- osis. AiL HorL Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. />. 218. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 542. — S. Virgaurea. Ph. ? Hab. Labrador. (_Herb, Banks.) Kohlmeister. Dr. Morrison. Bay of Eschscholtz. Chamisso, Prairies of the Rooky Mountains. Drummond. Mackenzie River and Bear Lake. Dr. Richardson. — Most of my specimens of this plant have the terminal raceme forming a broad dense corymb or head ; in which particular almost alone does it differ from S. Virgaurea: and the Rocky Mountain specimens appear almost intermedi- ate. Chamisso's & Virgaurea, in my Herbarium, from Kotzebue's Sound, is the same as our aS. multiradi- atii, and I fear the two can hardly be considered more than varieties. 25. S. humilis-; gracilis, caule erecto simplici glabro, foliis lanceolatis glabris inferioribus ionge petiolatis serratis superioribus linearibus integerrimis, racemo elongato terminal i solitario erecto. — Herb. Banks. MSS. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 543. liich. in Frankl. \st Jotirn. ed. 2. App. p. 33. Hab. Woody country between lat. 54°. and 64". Dr. Richardson. — This, although the true plant of the Banksian Herbarium, I am inclined to consider only an elongated and slender variety of iS. Virgaurea; the very opposite extreme, in the same species, of iS. multiradiata. 26. iS. elata; caule pilose tereti, foliis lanceolatis subtus pilosiusculis, racemis erectis, ligulis elongatis. Herb. Banks. MSS. — Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 543. Hah. North-west coast of America. Mr. Mtnzies. — I regret that my specimen, which is a very indiffer- ont one, will not allow mo to offer any additional character to what 1 find in Pursh. 27. S. rigida; caule foliisquu ovato-oblougis pilosis scabris, caullnis integerrimis, iii- fimis serratis, ramis floriferis paniculatis, racemis compactis, ligulis elongatis. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. S. p. 216. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 543. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 390. H AB, Saskatchawan (Drummond) and Red River. Douglas, About Carlton House. Dr. Richardson, j4, • 6 COMPOSITE. [Alter, (Flores glomerati, fastigiato-corymbosi ; radii valde mintUi. Foliis angustis integerrimia. Euthamia, Nutt.) 28. S. lanceolata; caiile erecto glabro ramosissimo, foliis lineari-lonceolatis scabriusculis integerrimis trinerviis, flosculis radii vix disco longioribus. — Linn. — Mant — Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. V. 3. p. 214. — Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 116. (a.) Pursh, FL Am. v. 2. p. 540. Rich, in Frankl. \st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 33. (Euthamia.) — S. graminifolia. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 162. Elliott, Carol. V. 2. p. 391. — /3. foliis angustioribus. S. tenuifolia. Rich, in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 33. (non Pursh.) — Chrysocoma graminifolia. Linn. Haii. Throughout Canada to lat. G4°. Colombia. Dr. Scouler, Douglas. — This plant seems univer- sally diffused through all the woody country of North America. I possess it from California and from Louisiana. Dr. Gillies found it at Mendoza, in extra-tropical South America. I have referred the S. tenui- folia of Richardson to a state of this plant, rather than considered it the & tenuifolia of Pursh, which is n southern plant, its extreme northern limit being, I believe. New Jersey. 33. ASTER.* Cass Nees. (Astebis sp. L.) Radius foemineus fertilis. Involucri foliola vel laxa pleraque foliacea, vel imbricata nervoque. medio e basi membranacea in apicis discum hcrbaceum rhombeum expanso pra*- dita. Flosculi pisci tubo limboque discrctis. Achenia cuneiformia, compressa, glabra, vel pubescentia et hirta. Pappus simplex, persistans, scaber. Receptaculum nlveolatum. Nees. Sect. I. Alpigeni. Nees. Ast. p. 24. 1. A. alpinus; foliis radicalibus spathulatis caulinisque integerrimis, involucri foliolis lanceolatis laxis, caule uniflora. Nees. — Linn. — Bot. Mag. t. 199. Nees, Ast. p. 26. Hau. On the more elevated of the Rocky Mountains in lat. 54°. Drummond. — Mr. Lindley marks this " exactly A. alpinus, var. Dahuricus." It a'lo precisely corresponds with my Swiss specimens. 2. A. salsuginosus ; foliis lato-lanceolatis acutis subintegerrimis venosis inferioribus in petiolum longe atteniiatis reliquis scssilibus caule uni-paucifloro, involucri squamis linearibus acutis pubescentibus subsquarrosis tlisco vix duplo, radio plus triplo longioribus. — Rich, in Frankl. \st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 32. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2942. N es, AsL p. 29.— 13. foliis angustioribus. Haii. Salt plains of the Athabasca. Dr. Richardson. Rocky Mountains, Drummond. Kotzebue's Sound. Messrs. Lay and Collie. — ii. N. West Coast of America. Mr. Menzies. 3. A. pygmaus; (Lindl.) foliis ovato-oblongis obtusis integerrimis glabris, caide unifloro villoso, involucro liemisphaBrico luxo subsquarroso villosissimo, folit)lis linearibus obtusis. — Limit. MSS. • The whole of my Collection of this cxtcnitivc Genus Iisb been named by the kindness of Dr. Boott and Professor Lindley; the former of whom may be considered excellent authority for the Linniean ■•h\ Uanksiun species: the latter for those of Nees von Esenbeck, whose arranirement I have implicitly followed. Prolt^sor Lindley has likewise dcler- mined and characterized the new species. For more full characters of the (ienus Aster and its divisions, as well a.« other ({enera of the Asterea, than I can here give, I must refer to the valuable " Genera et Species Astercurum" of Dr. Nees \on Ksenbeck. Aster.] COMPOSITiE. Had. Arctic seiMioast. Dr. Richardson,—" A. salsuginoso affinit," (LindLJ and perhaps only a dwart^ or hairy variety of it. 4. A, Richardsonii; radice repente, caule ramoso uni-multifloro ad apicem dense to- mentoso, foliis late oblongis remote dentatis subtus breviter pilosis, calycibus squarrosis, floseulis radii numerosis angustis. Spreng. Syst. Veget. v. 3. p. 2S8. Nees, Aat. p. 30. — A. montanus. Rich, in Frankl. Ist Joum. ed. 2. App. p. 32. (non NtM.) — A« salsuginosus. Less, in Linntsa, v. 6. p. 184. — A. Espenbergensis. Nees, Ast. p. 36. — /3. gigantea; magis tomentosus, caule foliisque profunde serratis duplo triplove majoribus. Had. Barren country from lat. 64°. to the Arctic Sea. Dr. Richardson. Kotzebue's Sound. Chamisso (in Herb. Nostr.J — /3. About Fort Franklin, on the Mackenzie River. — The A. salsuginosus ? of Leasing, (A. Espenbergensis, Nees,) is certainly the A. montanus of Dr. Richardson. 5. A. peregrinus; foliis oblongo-ellipticis ovatisve acutis integerrimis glabriusculis, caule erecto folioso 1-3-floro seriatim hirto, involucri biserialis foliolis lineari-acuminatis liirtis exterioribus herbaceis. Nees, — Purah, Ft, Am. v. 2. p. 666. Nees, Ast, p. 33. — A. Tilesii. Wihstr. Hab. Unalaschka. Dr. Nehon (in Herb. Banks.) Chamisso. 6. A, Unalaschkensis ; foliis lanceolatis ovatove-lanceolatis acuminatis subserratis pubes- centi-scabris ciliatis, caule erecto 1-3-fIoro superne sparse villoso folioso, involucri sub- sequalis foliolis lineari-acuminatis herbaceis villosis. Nees, — Less, in Schlecht. Linncea, v. 4. p. 122. — Nees, Ast, p, 34. — /3.? major; foliis acuminatis, caule multifloro. HAn. Unaktschka. Chamisso, — /3. Saskatchawan to the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Nees seems to consider this as scarcely distinct from A, Caucasicus, Willd. and that it may even be the same with A.pere- fjrinus. — Specimens of our var. f3. in Mr. Drummond's Collection, which Professor Lindley marks " ap- parently A. Unalaschkensis, Linn." a species which I have not seen, are larger than A, Caucasicus; a foot and a half to two feet high, with very thin, membranaceous, indistinctly veined, and scarcely and only very distantly serrated leaves : the flowers similar, but more numerous. Sect. II. Amelli. Nees, Ast, p. 36. 7. A. Inflorus; foliis lanceolatis serratis scabris, involucri foliolis imbricatis ovatis, caule, subbifloro. Nees. — Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 114. Nees, Ast.p.39. — A. strictus. Pursh, Fl. Am, V, 2, p, 556. Ham. Labrador and Hudson's Day. Herb. Banks. (Pursh.) 8. A, conspicum; {Lindl,) foliis oblongis erectis basi angustatis grosse serratis pubes- centibus ambitu scabris, caule stricto apice corymboso, ramiserf 'oescentibus monoce- phalis aphyllis, involucri hemisphaerici foliolis squamosis acumin '"ribus minoribus. Lindl, MSS, Had. Carlton House on the Saskatchawan River to the Rocky Mountains. md.—" A. spec- tabili accedit, foliis latis fere omnibus grosse senatis distinguendus." Lindl, 9. A. Radula; foliis lanceolatis utrinque attenuatis medio argute serr....s rugosis scaber- rimis, caule angulato glabriusculo corymboso, racemis paucifloris nudiusculis, involucri iMil i*f 8 COMPOSITE. [Aste, foliolis plurifariam imbricatis oblongis acutiusculis apice patulis. Nees, — Ait Hort. Kew. ed. l.v. 3. p. 210. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 556. Nees, Ait. p. 43. Hab. Nova Scotia. {Ait.) Newfoundland. 1^» Brenlon. Dr. Morrison. Mr. Cortnack. 10. A. ctscendens ; {LiruU.) foliis oblongo-linearibus subspathulatis elongatis integerri- inis glabris margine ciliato-scabris, caulibus ascendentibus simpliciter racemosis v. corym- bosis, involucri glabri foliolis numerosis acutis patulis. Lindl. MSS. Hab. Banks of the Saikatchawan. Drummond.—" Ab A. Amelia divenus glabritie longitudine foliorum involucrisque foliolis numerosis angustioribus acutioribus; habitu similis." Lindley ; who further remarks that it conies nearest to a Caucasian form of A. Amellus. 11. A. spathulaius; (Lindl.) foliis spathulatis obtusis integerrimis, ramorum basi dilatatis amplexicaulibus, caule simpliciter racenioso, pedunculis subaphyllis folio breviori- bus, involucri foliolis linearibus acutis erectis tomentosis. Lindl. MSS. Hab. Bear Lake and Fort Franklin, on the Mackenzie River. Dr. Richardson, 12. A. modestm; {Lindl.) foliis lanceolatis acuminatis grosse serratis glabris, caule simplici folioso, corymbo paucifloro foliis supremis breviore, involucri foliolis linearibus acuminatis. Lindl. MSS. Hab. Mountain woods, at the mouth of the Smoking River, lat 56°. Drummond. — " A. brumalem nanum refert, sed affinitate iV. Anglice proximo sequitur." Lindl, 13. A. Nova AnglicB; ibiiis lanceolatis attenuatis auriculato-amplectentibus integerrimis hispido-scabris, caule stricto corymboso-composito, ramis arcuatis, involucri foliolis laxis angustis. Nees. — Linn. — Jhtrsh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 549. Nees, Ast. p. 46. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 361. Hab. Canada. Pursh. — I possess no northern specimen of this plant. It is common throughout the United States, and is one of the most beantiful of the Genus. Sect. III. Genuini. A. Helerophylli. Nees. 14. A. eordifolius ; foliis cordatis serratis petiolatis supra scabris subtus pilosis, caule racemoso-paniculato, ramis paucifoliis laxis, invoUicro arete inibricato. Nees. — Linn. — Pursh, Fl, Am, v. 2. p. 552. Nees, Ast. p. 52. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 364. Hab. Throughout Canada ; abundant. 15. A. paniculatus ; foliis cordatis serratis petiolatis supra scabris subtus glabris, caule ramisque racemoso-thyrsoideis foliosis strictis involucro laxe imbricato. Nees. — Ait. Hort, Kew. ed, 1. r. 3. />. 207. Nees, Ast. p. 53. — var.d.? floribus majoribus, foliis subcarnosis, infimis solumniudo subcordatis. Hab. Canada. Pursh. Saskatchawan, Drummond. — 3. Slave Lake. Dr. Richardson. — " There is," as Dr. Boott justly observes, " great confusion about the heart-leaved Asters, Mr. Nuttall says that A, paniculatus is not distinct from A, undulatus, and that A. hcterophyllus is not distinct from A, eordifolius." Professor Lindlejr remarks, upon one of my specimens from Dr. Short, of A. paniculatus, that " it approaches A. undulatus." The probability is that they are all forms of one and the same species: though I must observe that I have myself seen noacknowedged undulatus and hcterophyllus from British North America. Alter,] COMPOSITjE. 9 16. A. aagitti/otiua ; * foliis radicalibus petiolatis cordato-subsagittatis (vel ct profunde cordatis) oblongis glabris inaequaliter serratis margine scabris, caulinis ovato-oblongis in petiolum alatum contractis serrntis glabris, caule racemoso-composito, involucre arete ini- hricato. h^eea. — JViUd. Sp. PL v. 3. p. 2035. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 561. Nees, Aat. p. 56. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 362. Had. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd, Montreal. Mr. Cleghcm. Red River, Douglas. B. Homophylli. \1. A. Comuti; foliis oblongis profunde serratis in petiolum attenuatis supra pube minu- tissima adspersis subtus glabris margine scabris, caule ramoso-paniculato, involucro laxo imbricnto. Nees. — a. caule niultifloro, floribus minoribus, radio angustiore, ramis paniculif longioribus erectis. Nees, — Wendl, — Nees, Ast, p. 58. — A. Tradescanti. Hoffm, — A. patulus. Lam. — A. tardiflorus. Herh. Linn, (fide Lindl.) Hab. Canada. Mr, CUghom. 18. A, acuminatua ; foliis ovato-lanceolatis serratis in petiolum adnatum decurrentibus supra scabris subtus Isevibus, caule racemoso, ramis brevibus thyrsoideis simplicibusve, involucri laxe imbricati foliolis lanceolatis. Neea. — Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 109. Purah, Fl.Am. V, 2. p. 555. Hook. Bot, Mag. t. 2707. EUiott, Card. v. 2. p. 355. Hab. Canada. Mr, Cleghom. Mrs, Sheppard. Lady Dalhousie, Mrs. Percival. \Q. A. prcecox s foliis ovato-lanceolatis patenti-serratis in petiolum adnatum attenuatis glabris supra in ambitu scabris basin versus ciliatis, radicalibus ovatis petiolatis, caule race- moso, ramis paucifloris basi nudis, involucro laxo subaequali. — Neea. — WiUd. En. Hort. Berol. Suppl. p. 58. Neea, Ast. p. 62. Hab. Fort Franklin, on the Mackenzie River. Dr, Richardson. 20. A. ciliolatus (Lindl.) ; foliis omnibus ovatis medio argute serratis in petiolum abrupte angustatis ciliatis in ambitu scabris, caule simplici, capitulis axillaribus sessilibus v. brevi- pedicellatis subsolitariis, involucri foliolis erectis apice membranaceis. Lindl. MSS. Hab. Slave Lake. Dr. Richardson. — " Valde affinis A, pracoci; differt foliis abrupte nee senaim in petiolum angustatis caulinisque radicalibus conformibus conspicue per totum ambitum ciliatis, capitulis sub- sessilibus dimidio minoribus, iuvolucri foliolis non apice herbaceis, denique statura humili." Lindl, — The very few specimens in the Collection are 6-8 inches high. li * Allied to this is an interesting new species found by Dr. Short, on cliffs of the Kentucky River, which I am anxious should bear the name of its estimable discoverer, an exccMent and liberal Botanist. Professor Lindley has favoured me with the following character and remarks : — ■' A. Shortii ; foliii: subtus pilosiusculis ambitu scabris, caulinis alte cordato-lanceolatls acuminatia pone basin grossc serratis integrisvc ramulorum curdato-ovatis omnibus petiolatis, petiolis apterls, caule racemoso vel racemoso-composito, involucro imbricato — Rete foliorum maximum. A. diversifolio proximus, inter eam specicm et A. sagittifolima collo- candus, foliis omnibus cordatis acuminatis petiolatis petiolis(|ue ne minime quidem alatis apteris distinguendus. " Lindl. VOL. 11. B 10 COMPOSITiE. [Alter. 21. A.puniceus; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis amplectentibus ncuminatis medio adpressu- serratis supra scabris, caule hispido patulo-racemoso, ramis inferis racemosis, superis simpli- cibus, involucri laxi foliolis lineari-subulatis sequalibus. Nees. — Linn, Hort. Cliff, p. 408. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 115. Pitrsh, Ft. Am, v. 2. p. 554. Elliott, Carol, v, 2. p. 355. Had. Canada to Hudson's Bay. 22. A. vimineus ; foliis lanceolatis amplectentibus longe acuminatis medio subulato-ser- ratis niargine scabris, caule racemoso-composito pyramidal! Isevi, ramis virgatis apice race- mosis, involucri laxi foliolis lanceolato-linearibus subsequalibus. Nees, — JVilld. Sp, PI, r, 3. p. 2046. Nees, Ast. p, 68. Hab. Canada. (Nees.) Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. — This is Nees' A. vimineus: but Dr. Boott consider), it as probably a variety of A. puniceus. 23. A, laxifoUus; foliis anguste lanceolatis utrinque attenuatis mucronato-serrulatis Haccidis supra scabris, caule scabro racemoso-comjxjsito angusto, ramis apice racemosis vel suljcompo^tis, involucri foliolis linearibus squarrosis floris primarii subotqualibus. Nees, Ast. p, 59. — A. salicifoiius. Itich, in Frankl, \st Journ, App, p. 748. (excl. syn.) — A. longifolius, Nees, Syn. Ast, p, 26. — /3. foliis angustioribus fere integerrimis. Hab. Woody country from lat 54° to G4°. Dr. Richardson. Itocky Mountains, in swampy places, to Hudson's Bay. Drummond. Near Quebec. Mrs. Percival. — /3. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Slave Lnke. Dr. Richardson. — This is a very distinct and well marked species. The more northern specimens have thi- narrowest leaves. I possess the same plant from Philadelphia, sent to mo by Dr. Griffith. 24. A, amplus {Lindl.) ; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis margine scabris subintegerrimis, caule simplici subcorymboso, ramis unifloris subapliyllis, involucro laxo imbricato. Lindl. MSS. Hab. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. — A. brumali affinis : foliis capitulisque multo majoribus, caule simplici subcorymboso ramisque rigidis pilosis fere aphyllis nee vir^tis f^labris foliosis, bene distinguitur V Lindl. 25. A,blandu8; foliis subamplexicaulibus oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis serratis glubris caule pyramidato-ramoso, romis axiilaribus racemifloris folio vix longioribus, pedunculis tomentosis nudis, involucris laxis subaequalibus disco brevioribus. Herb, Banks, MSS, — Pursh, Fl, Am, v. 2. p, 555. Nees, Ast, p. 76. Hab. Canada. {Herb. Banks.) 26. A, luxurians; foliis ovali-oblongis vel lanceolatis acuminatis basi atteriuata aiiiplec- tentibus medio argute serratis supra scabris glaucescentibus, caule paniculato, ramis apice corymboso- racemosis, ramulis unifloris, involucri foliolis laxe imbricatis lineari-lanceolatis acutis. Nees, Ast, p, 83. — A. Novi Belgii. Nutt, (fide Nees,) — /3. caule magis composito magisque piloso-lineato. — A. luxurians. Spreng, Syst. Veget, v. 3, p, 538. Hab. /3. Canada. Mrs. Percival. — This, which Professor Lindley, and, I doubt not, correctly, refers to A. luxurians /3. of Nees, Dr. Boott considers A. tardijiorus, Nees, (not Linn.) while another, equally quoted by Dr. Lindley under A. luxurians, /3. Dr. Boott calls A. Novi Belgii, S. minor. The three are perhaps not really different. — Nearly allied to this is a specimen of an Aster from Dr. Scouler, gathered on the Culumbia, which Professor Lindley inclines to refer to A. asper. A$ler.] COMPUSITiE. 11 27. A. adulterinua ; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis mucronatis amplectentibus laevibus margine scabris, caule e basi paniculato-decomposito, raniis corymboso-racemosis, involucri obovati subaequalis foliolis spathulato-lanceolatis squarrosis post florescentiam magis auctis. Nees. —mild.—Purah, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 558. Hau. Straits of Oe Fuca. Dr. Scouler. — Dr. Nees von Esenbeck doubts if this may not be a variety of A. Novi Belt/ii. ■.■...• 28. A. Douglasii (Lindl.) ; foliis linenri-lanceoktis versus basin angustatis glabris om- nibus (exceptis supremis) serratis, caule racemoso-composito, rnmis pauce foliosis oligocephalis laxe corymbosis, involucri laxi subaequalis foliolis linearibiis acutis. Lindl, MSS. — a, ramis abbreviatis pleiocephalis, capitulis minoribus. — /3, ramis grncilioribus elongatis oligocephalis subuphyllis, capitulis majoribus. Lindl. Haii. a. Common oo the N. W. Coast, near the conflueace of the Columbia, in open undulating grounds. Douglas.— li. De Fuca. Dr. Scouler.—" A. eminenti proximus." Litidl, 29. A. bfllidiflorua ; foliis lanccolatis adpresso-serrulatis margine scabris ramulorum lan- ceolato-acuminatis subulatisve apice recurvis, caule stricto racemoso-decomposito suprade- compositove angusto Inferne glaberrimo albo-virgato purpurascenteve, ramis apice racemosis racemosove-compositis, floribus confertis, involucri foliolis imbricatis linearibus acutis, interioribus apice sa;pe coloratis. Nees, — Willd. Hort. Berol. v. 2. p. 886. Pursh, Fl. Am. V, 2. p, 554. Nees, Ast. p. 97. Hab. Canada. Mrs. Sheppard. Dr. Holmes, Saskatchawan. Drummond. Red River. Douglas. — This certainly bears considerable resemblance to A. laxifolius, Nees, to which indeed Dr. Boott refers it. 30. A, parviflorus ; foliis lanceolatis ucuminatis medio argute serratis supra in anibitu scabris ramulorum (pedunculorum) linearibus acutis patentibus, caule racemoso-decomposito ramisque apice corymbosis strictis, involucri foliolis imbricatis linearibus acutis, radii ligula lineari foliolis involucri interioribus paullo longiore. Nees, Ast, p, 99. Hah. Canada. Pursh. Dr. Holmes. S\, A. Lamarckianus ; foliis lanceolatis acuminatis adpresso-serratis supra scaberrimis ramulorum lanceolato-acuminatis patentibus, caule piloso-linento racemoso-decomposito coiirctato, ramis paniculato-racemosis, involucri laxi subiequalis foliolis linearibus. Nees, Ast, p. 100. — A. Tradescanti. JVilld, — A. paniculatus. Lam, Hab. Canada. (Lamarck.) Saskaiubawan. Dr. Richardson. Drummond. — To me this appears very similar to the preceding. Nees considers it unlike any species but A. divergens. 32. A. divergens ; foliis lanceolatis acuminatis medio mucronato-serratis in anibitu scabris ramulorum oblongo-lanceolatis basi attenuatis integerrimis mucronulatis patentibus, caule piloso-lineatu racemoso-composito, ramis eequalibus patentibus, involucri foliolis imbricatis lanceolatis. Nees. — Ait. Hort. Kew, ed. 1. v. 3. p, 205. Pursh, Fl. Am, v, 2,p, 558. Elliott, Carol. V. 2. p, 357. Nees, Ast, p. 100. Hab. Canada. Mrs. Sheppard. H ■ 18 COMPOSITiE. [Alter. 38. A./hlcatua (Lindl.); foliis linearibus obtusis falcatis pilosiusculis, caule piloso anguste racemoso subcomposito, ramulis brevibiu monocephalis paucifoliis, involucri loxi porum imbricati foliolis linearibus acutiusculis. Had. Arctic America. Dr. Richardson. — " Facies est omnino A, hiemali$, wd vera afflnilas cum A. fragilii folia inferiora Bupleuro falcato similia." Lindl. 34. J. Tradescanti ; foliis linearibus acuminatis margine ciliato-scabris inferioribus a medio argute remote serratis ranioun- lumulorunuiue patentibus mucronatis, caule glabri- usculo ramose subcomposito patulo apice simpliciter racemoso, ramis virgatis, ramulis sub- secundis, involucro imbricato. Nees. — Linn. Hort. Cliff. — Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 115. Pursh, Fl. Am. V. 2. p. 556. FMiott, Carol, v. 2. p. 868. Hab. Canada. Pursh. Dr. Holmes. 35. A. ericoidea ; foliis linearibus an^ustis integerrimis glaberrimis, caule glabro rucemoso- composito, ramis virgatis, ramulis subsecundis ab apice remotis, involucri brevis foliolis imbricatis apice subulato-patulis. Neea. — Linn. — Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 118. Pursh, Fl. Am. V. 2. p. 546. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 348. Had. Canada. Pursh. Saskatchawan, and towards tbu Kooky Mouutaini. Drumtnond. Red Uiver. Douglas. 36. A. diffiuus; foliis caulinis lanceolatis, ramis oblongo-lanceolatis medio serratis supra scabriusculis margine scaberrimis, caule pubescent! racemoso-composito, ramis recurvato- patentibus, floribus subsecundis confertis, involucri imbricati foliolis ticutis. Nees. — Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 111. Pursh, Fl. Am. r. 2. p. 558. Nees, Ast. p. 110. — A. diver- gens /3. diifusus. Nutt. Hah. Canada. Pursh. Mrs. Sheppard. Cleghom. 37. A. miser; foliis cuulinis oblongo-cuneiformibus acuminatissimis medio serratis rameisque ovalibus subintegerrimis supra pubescenti-scubris, caule pubescenti-scabro race- moso-composito ramis erectis, floribus subsecundis confertis, involucri laxe imbricati foliolis iicuminatis. Nees. — Linn. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 358. Nees, Ast. p. 111. Hah. Canada, Pursh, if Punh'H plant be the same; but Nees excludefi the synonym of Willd. and Pursh. 38. A. pendulus ; foliis elliptico-lanceolatis cauleque pubescenti-scabris, caulinis medio iidpresso-serratis, rumulornm ellipticis integerrimis, caule laxA difluso racemoso-com))osito, ramis elongatis llaccidis, involucro imbricato. Nees. — Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. I. v. 8. />. 205. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 558. Nees, Ast. p. 114. — A. divergens y. (tendulus. Nutt, Had. Canada. Dr. Holmes.— My Canadian specimen of this, so named by Professor Lindiey, only diffiers from an authentic specimen of Nees' A. miser in ito more copious tlowers. 39. A. Menziesii ; foliis oblongo- linearibus sessilibus integerrimis scabriusculis incanis, cnule incano apice racemoso, involucri foliolis obtusis squarrasis. Lindl. MSS. Hab. North'West boast of America. A. Mtmies, Esq. — " Ab A. eoncolori vix differt nisi pilis rigidis nee raoUibub, necnon involucri foliolis squarrosis nee appressis." Lindl, Atttr.] COMPOSlTiE. 18 40. A, ramuloaus; foliis linearibus serrulato-scabris bosi dilaUitis sessilibus ramuloruni rectis ininoribus,caule piloso erecto ungusto racemoso ramulis corymbulosis monocephulisve, involucri squarrosi foltolis acutissimis mucronatis. Littdl. MSS. — i3. incano-pilosiis. A. bieniii, Nutt (qui Aster est genuinus multifloro affinis) proxitne accedit Lindl. Had. SMkttchawan to Fort Franklia oa the Mackeniie River and among the Rooky Mountains. Dr. Riehardmm. Drummomi.—" Capitula duplo minora quam in A. multifloro," Lindl. ll. A. muUiflorus; foliis linearibus integerrimis murgine serrulato-scabris subtrinervibus ramulonim recurvis, caule pubescente romoso-coinposito difiiiso, floribus subsecundis, invo- lucri foliolis laxe imbricatis u('ice recurvis subspatbulatis mucronatis. Neea. — Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. V. 3. p. 308. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 546. — 13. ciliatus. Nee». — A. ciliatus. Willd.— Purah. Had. et. Canada. Purih. 42. A. concinnua; foliis laneeolatis amplectentibus remote urgute serrutis murgine scnbris runiulorum oblongis integerrimis, caule laxo subcorymboso, ramis virgatis dichotomo-pani- culatis, involucro arctc imbricuto. Neea. — Willd. En. Hort. Berol, v. 2. p. 884. Purah, Fl. Am.v. 2. p. 554. Neea, Aat. p. 131. Has. Saakatchawan. Dr. Richardson. Drummond. 43. A. strictus; foliis lunceolatis uttenuatis subamplectentibus medio subserrutis umbitu supino scabris, cuule racemoso-composito, ramis strictis contractis, involucro nrcte imbricato. Neea. — Poir. Enc. v. \. p. 498. Neea, Aat. p. 124. — /3. angustifolius. Lindl. MSS. Hah. Saskatchawan. Drummond. 44. A. amplexicaulis ; foliis oblongis acutis basi cordato-amplectentibus lucidis margiiiu scabris inferioribus subserratis, caule paniculato-corymboso, ramis dichotome corymbosis coarctatis, involucro arete imbricato. Neea. — fVilld. Sp. PI. v. 3. p. 3046. Neea, Aat. p. 13((. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 360. Hab. Edmonton House on the Sankatohawau. Drummotid, 45. A. rtdtricaulis ; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis amplectentibus laevibus margine scabris gluucis, radicalibus ovatis in potiolum contractis obtusis, caulinis inferioribus basi attenua- tis subserratis, superioribus integerrimis, caule racemoso-composito subpaniculato stricto, involucri disco brevioris foliolis imbricatis laneeolatis, receptaculo pilosiusculo. Neea. — Lam. Enc. V. \. p. 305. Neea, Aat. p. 131. Hab. Canada. Cleghom. 46. A. cyaneua; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis amplectentibus luevibus margine scabris glaucis superioribus integerrimis, radicalibus spathulatis obtusb crenato-serratis, caule racemoso- composito subpaniculato, involucri disco brevioris foliolis arete imbricatis ex ovato-triangii- laribus, receptaculo alveolato-dentato epiloso. Neea. — Hoffm. Syn. Aat. p. 23. Nutt. (ien. Am. V. 2. p. 156. Neea, Aat. p. 132. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 358. Hau. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. li COMPOSITilJ. [Serioearpui. i+. UUKYfilA.* Cau. Itndiiu fiemineus fcrtilis. Involiicri Jbliola nrcte iiiibricata disco herbuceo npicis angusto. Floscnii disci tubo linil)oqiie discretis. Achenia elongntn prisiniiticn glabra vel pubescentia. Pappus siiinplcx rigiduliis persistens scuber. lieceptatulum nlvcolHtiim. — Characterea plu- rimi Asteris generis, sed differt; involucro ntbcylindrico arete imbricato, foliolia apice Hon foliacds vel saltern Ueviori casta erpansioue pneditis, ackeniist/ye Unearibus longioribus sub- prismaticia vel angulatis, nee compreaaia; luibitu denique et pubeaceutia. Nees. 1. E. macrophylla; foliis cordatis ovntisve, radicalibus subtrinervntis, caulinis in petio- luiii alutiim contractis sirratis scabris Hubtus hirtis, caule hirto ramisve glabra patulo curym- In>!>o, rnmulis rigidis, involucri arete imbricati foliolis oblongu-liinceolatis obtusis. Neva. — Cass, in Diet, dea Sc. Nat, v. 37. p. 187. Ncea, Aat. p. 1 tO. — Asti-r inacrophyllus. Linn. — Piirsh, Ft. Am. v. 2. p. !)!)2. — A. divaricatus. Linn. — A. infirmus. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 109? ( Ncea. ) lUu. (^nada. Pursh, From \«kv Huruii, Dr. Todd, to Norway Houae on the Kunkatchatvaii. Drummond, 2. E. coripnlioaa; foliis ovatis irii'erioribus cordatis serratis petiolatis, caule dichotonio- corymboso, involucri foliolis imbricatis obtusis exterioribus ovatis. Nees. — Cass. I. c. Nees, Ast.p. Ii3. — Aster corymbosus. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. t>. 3. p. 207. I'lirsh, Fl. Am. r. 2. p. .'552. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 363. Had. Canada. Pursh. — Nees liits three other American ipecies not in any American Flora, with whieli lioth T)r. Boott an paucifloro, involucro squarroso, Nees, Ast.p. H9. — Aster solidaginoides. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 108. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. .'>42. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 340.— Conyza linifoliu. Linn. lUu. Near Montreal. JUr. Cleyliom. 2. S. rigidus (Lindl.); foliis obovatis (|)otius oblongo-spatbulatis) subtrinerviisintegerii- mis cauleque scaberrimis, corymlx) terminali simplici vel coniposito contracto, involucri tur- binati foliolis adpressis basi nudis, radio pnp|)o breviore. Lindl. MSS. ' i fullou' the ioariieil Nt'cs vim Ksviibcck in the adoption of this and other (iencrn uf hi^i Asterineiv ; but I must con- fcfiK that I think the character is much tou slight, and the diflerence in habit by no nienn« kullicieiit lo warrant tueli n .reparation. Oalalella.] COMPOSITiB. 15 Had. Columbia Iliv«r. Dr. ScouUr. Abundant on undulating, dry, gravelly loib noar Fort Vancouvsr, and low hillR of the interior. Douglai. — The leavef are remarkably ooute, almoit muoronate, and th«y uiid the vtemN are quite rough with minute elevated dots. " S. conytoidi proximun." Lindl. To me thii* NIMoiea, though very diitinot, appeon to approach neareet to S. tortifblim. ia. TRIPULIUM. Dod. Nets. RadiuB famineus fei'tilis. Involucri foliiAa intcrioru ainpiioru menibranacea, coloriitu, up- prcssa, exteriora in pediiiiculi Ibliola dccrescerilia. Achenia cuiieitbrniiu, coiiipre.ssii, glii- hriuscula. Pappus simplex, capillaris, densiis, noiUiloso-scaber. Receptaculum alveolatiim. — Herbas annua vet perennvs, ff/ahra, in solo aaUuyinnao crescentea. Folia anguita, nurai- /enta, marffine aeepe acabra, triplinervia vel aubavenia, Flores corymboai alhi vet carulei. In- rotucra aape colorata. — Species Europa, Asia Caucasicai, America aeptentrionati indiytnte. Neea. 1. T. paucijlorum ; ibliis lincaribus subcurnosis glabris caulinis siibuiatis ainplcxieaulibus, caiile paucifloro (3-6-floro) ramis siibuniHoris viscido-pubescentibus, involucri livmis- phserici foliolis subfcqualibus acutis. Nces, Ast. p. 157. — Aster pauciHorus. Nutt. Gen, Am. r. 2.;;. 15*. Has. Monhos of the Saskatchawan. Drummond. 2. T.angualum (Lindl.); foliis linearibiis serruluto-scabris glabris, caule angusto strictissi- mo, ramis rectis racemosis, involucri lieniispbiurici imbricati foliolis lincaribus ucutis, nidit) inconspicuo. — «. ramis oligoceplialis. — !3. ramis polyccphalis. — Lindl. MSS, Hah. at. Banks of the S.%skiitcha\vaii. T)rummond. — /3. Slave Lake, Dr. ItichariLion. — " Thia HpeciuK differs essentially from T. subulatum, Sees (Aster subulatus, Mieli.) in its stem not bcinjr flexuoso, in its serrulated leaves, in the form of the lenllots of the involucre, and in the llowora being twice as large." LinM. 57. OALATELLA. Cuss. liadiuafamineua sterilis. Involucri angusti foliola imbricata ungusta, nervu hurl)uctiu sui) apice non expanso. Achenia conoidea, dense hirsuta vel sericea. Pappus rigidulus, densus, scaber. Iteceptaculum lacero-alveolatum. — Folia conformia anyusta ; radicalia minora, ^essilia, subverticalia, nervosa vel enervia aolaque casta media, venis aulem nullis divisa, rigidula sea- bra plerisque punctata, punctis in superjicie superiori prasertim obviis insculptis ylandu- laque granuliformi nitidula viridi /undo foveola immersa praditis, qua glandula, in aliis mayis in aliis minus conspicua, nonnullis omnino deesse videntur, caulis injenie simplex, apice distincte corymbosus, ramis dichotomis, rarius aubtrichotomis. Radii ligula distantes, neutra. Nees. 1. (j. netnoralis; foliis lunceolato-linearibus integerrimis enervibus impunctatis scabris, caulc apice corymlwso, radio elongato. Nees, Ast. p. 173. — Aster ncmoralis. Ait, Hort. Kew. erf. 1. v. 3, p, 198. — A. ledifolius. Pursh, Ft. Am. v. 2. p, 54.4. — /3. unifloi'us.— Aster iiiiiflorus. Mich. Am. v, 2.p, 110. Hau. Canada. Pursh. Newfoundland. Mr. Cormack. Dr. Morrison. 2, G, yraminifolia; foliis angusto-linearibussubtrinervibusniargine costaque pilosiusculis impunctatis, ramis terniinalibus gracilibns subapliyllis unifloris, involucri foliolis laxis discuni 10 COMPOSITiB. [Erigtron, ttHiuiiiitibiis. — A»ter grnminitolius. llerh, Banka, MSS. — Piirith, Fl. Am. v. 8. p. 545. Rich. hi Frank, lit Jonrti. ed. 2. App.p. 32. (Me Herb, nortr.) 1 1 All. Iliidaoa'i liny. Herb, lirnkt. Dr. RichanUon. Slave Lake. J)r. Hichardton. — Thii it indeed vary rioiiely ullipd to G. tiemornlis and O. lini/olia ; but tliern are, beiide* the coata, two lateral ramitied iierTCft in the U-avcs, whose mar|{ini and coatn too are hairy, and the papput ii almoat white. ' ' 38. TOWN8ENDIA. Ifov. Gtn. Capitulitm liettTogninuin. Floaculi radii ligulati fa-minei; disci huriimpliriMiiti, regulares. ///)y)/urn,/!)/iu/aplui'iscrinlia imbricuta. Pappus uniscrialis; radii brc\\s, pnluucco-subulatus, iiitequalis; e/i'jtci pilosu!>, pilisi elongatiH scabriusculis. — Hcrbii America borealia humilisacau- lis. Hadix /tta{/brinis, liijnosa, loiif/e deacendens; auperne acepe diviaa, reliquiia foliorum vetuatoritm ohtecla. lolin omiiiuo radicalia, numeroaa, ireclo-palentia, liiiearia, aubapathtdata, intetjerrima, utrirujuc adpreaso-aericca, Imai dilatata, et utritiijue ciliata. Mos $olitariua,foliia immeraua tt obtntiis, rationc phntai maymta. Involucrnni ovatum,/oliolis aericeia, lineari- auhulcUis, irectia, imbricatia. Flosculi rnilii litjulati, erecti, pallide rosci, marginibua iuvoluti, apirc deii'tihua tribus connire.Htibua, Siigma bijiduiii, pnrpurcum, ijlahrum. Ovarium obhrntfum, compreaao-triiptetrum, pubeaceim. Pappus hnvia aed valde inaqualia, uniaerialia, e pilia aeu paleia anhulatis, hasi mevibrauaceia. Flosculi disci tubiiloai, liitvi. I'appus pihaua, pilix scabriiisculis lomjitudinv corolla. Ovarium aericcum. Hcccptaculuui alreolato-punctalum, nudum. I. T. aerirea. (Tau. CXIX). Aster? exscapus. liich. in Franhl. \at. Journ. td. 2. .\pp. p. 32. IIar. Carlton Housr upon the Saakatchawan. Dr. Richardson. Rare, upon the dry banks of the Su- katchawan and amoni; the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. — This hi)(hly interesting little plant, no less on account of its habit than its pappus, deserves to be separated from Aster, of which, indeed, it was by Dr. Richardson, considered a doubtful species, " The bud is formed in the autumn," and what Dr. Richardson further observed in the livinjf plant, I find to be characteristic of all the specimens in this Collection, that " the florets of the ray are mostly involute, rarely expanded, and always narrow,nearlyuf the same colour with the pappus and inconspicuous; the flowers, indeed, never fully expanding." I have named the Genua in compli- ment to David Tuumsend, Esq. of West Chester, Pennsylvania, who having imbibed the most ardent love of Botany from his friend and instructor Dr. Darlington of the same city, has devoted his leisure houn to the science with eminent success. The plant now under consideration is peculiarly worthy of bearing his name, liecause ho has studied and ably discriminated the numerous Pennsylvanian species of the allied Genus Aittr. Tab. CXIX.— F1V7. I , Flowers ifiri. 8, Floret of the ray; Jig. 3, Portion of the pappus from the ray; Jig. 4, Floret of the disk ; Jig. .!>, Portion of a hair from the pappus of the disk; ^17. (i. Stigma from the disk; Jig. 7, 7, Scales of the involucre; Jig. H: — ail more or less magnijied. J9. ERIGERON. L. Flares ? pluriscriales in nmbitu ligulati numerosi nngusti; reliqui 5. Involucri foliola inibricnta angusta. Pappua conformis, uniscrialis. Cor. 5 regularis. Achenium erostre. — IIerl)a' Europa, Asiatica rel Americana, erecta, ramoaa vel aimplicea, mayia minusve hir- suta ; foliia alternia, inferioribua obhngo-obovatia, dentatia; capitulia albis vel purpureia soli- tariia vel fjaniculatia. Neea. Erigrron.] «;OMP08IT/B. IT 1. E. coHipoaitm; s iibticaulis, foliis riuliculihiiM Ioiiki* potiolatiii tripiirtitiM hirautis luciniis cuneifonnihiiii trifuiis scapo iinitluro paucit'olio luliiN liiiearibus iiiti-^ris. — Pumh, II Am. r. 'i./A53ri. II(M)k. in Linn, Trann. v. \l./i.31l.t, 13.— Cineraria Lt'wisii. liich.in Frankl. \sl Joiirn, ciL 2. App. p. 32. — /3. yrand{floruii\ (loribus lerc duplo mtgoribua, radiiii magis cunspicui.s. — y, ra(''i flosciiliH carncis. Hah. fianki of the Kootkooiky. M. Lewin, — a. and /3. Barren roiintry bctwonn lat. 04° and the Arctic H«n, und on thehi|;heKt ofthu Kocky Mountain!, in lat. :>V. DrumimmU. iRlandii ofthit Culnmliia, betwe«ii th« Narrows and tlie threat FalJH. Douijlni.—y. SuromitH of th« Kocky Mountalnii. Drummimd, 2. E, trijiiliin; Nubacaulis, tulii^ hirsiitis nulicaliliiis lon^c petiolatis trifidiN laciniis iiitegrii iiifimls suluinmodo raro itenitn divisis, scapo unitloro poucirolio foliis lincaribuN intcKris. (Tad. CXX.) Hau. Darren placo« anionic thu Itocky Mountains, Druinmond. — This liaii tlio Uotvom i'(|ni4l in nisiu with those of E. compoiilua, /3., and tliu Imbit is very itlmilar; lint the loaves are almost tlio whole of them simply trifid; a few of those at thu base of the stem, ordivisiiinit of the stem, beinj; compound. Tab. CW.— Pig. 1 , Floret of the ray ; Ji;/, 2, Floret of the disk ; Jii/. .J, Lend—magnijied. 3. E. lanntUH ; subacaidis lanntiis, foliis radicalibus spathulatis iiifimis rarissiine trifidis, scapo siibuphyllo supcrtio invulucnK|uo densissiiiie laiiutis, radiis elongatis pateiitibiis, achc- iiiis glabris. (Tail CXXI.) IIab. Summits of the Kooky Mountains between lat, Hi" and ,'i6°. Druinmond. — This is an extremely beautiful species, roost allied, indeed, to E. unifiorm, but ditferinj; in the dense woolly coverinjf, large dowers. lon)(descendin)( root, und in the scape, rather than a stem, which bears the flower. Corollas of the lay white, or rarely purple. Tah, CXXI.— Fir/. I, Floret of the ny, Jig. 2, Floret of the A\»k;/ig. 3, Radical leaf; Jig. 4. outermost do, •.—magnified. I. E. radicattia; subacaulis, fuliis radicalibus liticari-spathulatis hirsutulis subcartiosis, scapo iinifloro paucifolio, involucro lanato, radiis brevitisculispatentibiis. (Tab. CXXII.) TIau. Mountains near Jasper's Lake, Rocky Mountains, rare. Drummond. Tab. CXXII, — Fig. I, Floret of the ray; fig. i. Floret of the disk; fig, U, Portion of a hair from the pappus; y?>7, 4,4, Leaves, 5. E, unijlorus; caule brevi, foliis r.idicalibiis glabriascalis spathulatis, c lulinis paucis lincaribus supcrnu invohicro(iue dense purpureo-laiiiitis, radiis erectinsculis involucro paullo longioribus. Linn. Sp. PL p. 121 1. 77. Lapp. p. 200. t. i).f. 3. (vix Engl. Bot. t. 2416.) Rich, in Frauhl. \st Journ. ed, 2. ^-Ipp. p. 30. — E. alpinus. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 532. Hah. Labrador. Kuhlmeister. Arctic Sea-sliore {Dr. 7iic/jar(/«on),iiid adjacent islands, Capt. Parrj/, Sabine, lie. Summits of the Rocky Mountains, Drummond, who found one large specimen in the woody re;;iou witl^ seven stems from the same root, — This is well distinguished from the preceding by its more glabrous foliage, true stem, the leaves gradually becoming smaller upon it, smaller flowers, and much shorter ray. The invo- lucre and its woolly clothing are, alike, generally purple. It is quite distinct from the E. unijlorus of Eugl. Bot, which I have reasou to believe is only a single-flowered state oi E. utpinus; nor have I ever seen the true unifiorus in Britain. VOL. II. C f I llSI 1.8 COMPOSITiB. [ErigeroH. 6. E, grandiflorus ; ubique lanato-hirsutus, caule subelongatu unifloro, foliis rndicalibus oblongo-spnthulatis caulinis lanceolatis, involucre (apice purpureo nudiusculo) densissime allxi-Ianato, radiis patentibus involucro diiplo longioribus. (Tab. CXXIII.) 7/a latis superioribus lanceolatis, involucro piioso, nidiis inconspicuis erectis pappocopioso pau- hiluni longioribus. — Linn. Sp.Pl.p. 1211. Engl. Bot. ^464. — i?. foliis angustioribus, ramis elongatis. — y. data; siibpedalis. IIar. *. and /3. and y. Rocky Mountains in elevated situations. Drummond.— TYat (the var, ec.) exactly corresponds tvith our European E. alpinus; but appears to be confined to the mountains of the interior; wherens, in northern Europe it is frequently a maritime species. 8. E. glabratus; glabriusculus, caule elato simplici, foliis radicalibus spatliulatis caulinis liiieari-ianceolatis, racemo tcrniinali multifloro, pedunculis elongatis vix corynibosis simpli- cihus vel ramosis, involucri parvi foliolis angustissimis, radiis inconspicuis pappo copioso im- mersis. — E. glabratus. Hopp. in Un. It. (Herb, nostr.) — E. alpinus, /S. ramosus. Wahl. Lapp. p. 207. — /5. minor; pedunculis brcvioribus. Had. Hudson's Bay to the. Rocky Mountains, and from the Saskatchawan to Fort Franklin ou the Mac- kenzie River. Dr. liichardson. Drummond. — ,3. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. — I cannot but look upon tliiii as (|uite distinct from E. idpiiius, and, vuriablc as it is in size, from 4— G inches to 'i feet, it U very con- stant in its inflorescence, a raceme with very long peduncles, and in the very copious pappus, of a slightly tatvny hue, which quite conceals the flowers. VVahlenberg notices its aflTinity with E. acris, which is certainly very considerable, insomuch that it may possibly prove to be a variety of it. It is, however, much more glabrous, and has fewer md larger leaves. This species retains all its characters in cultivation. 9. E. lonchophyllus ; caule elato liispido simplici, foliis longissiniis linearibus glabris ner- vosis ciliatis ini'crioribus lineari-spathulatis, racemo terminal! folioso nmltiiloro, pedunculis elongatis foliolosis, radiis numerosis angustis (albis?) pappo copioso vi,\ longioribus. Had. Saskatcbawan. Drumtnond. — A very remarkable species, of which, unfortunately, there is only a solitary specimen in the Collection. This is 2 feet high; the stem angled, very hispid, with patent rigid white hairs ; cauline le.-»ves, seveiul of them C inches long, :^-4 lines broiid. Flowers similar to those of E. glabellu». 10. E. strigosus; strigoso-pilosiis clatus, foliis radicalibuii spatliulatis caulinis lanceolatis basi attenuatis, floribus ctirymlK)so-panicuiatis, radiis (albis) patentibus numerosis involucro parvo piioso vix duplo longioribus. Muhl. in Willd. Sp. PI. v. 3. p. 19.56. Pumh, Fl. .4m. V. 2. p. 534. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 394.—/?. /lispidissiinwi. Haii. Throughout Canada to the Saskatcbawan, and to the Rocky Mountains: thence to the shores of the Erigeron.] COMPOSURE. 19 Pacific. Dr Richardson, Drummond. Douglas,—^. Plentiful in the Tallies of the Blue Mountains and of the Spokan River, Douglas. — The present, though, like the other species, it may not be easy to define its cha- racter in words, is a very well marked one to the eye. It is tall and slender, with narrow leaves. The pretty white flowers are about the size of a daisy. 11. E.purpureus; pubescens, foliis oblongis tenui-membranaceis dentatis vel integris caulinis amplexicaulibus radicalibus in pctiolum attenuatis, floribus paniculatis subcorym- bosis, radiis purpureis numerosissimis patentibus involucro glabriusculo subtriplo longioribus. — Ait, Hort. Kew, erf. 1. v, 3. p, 186. Pursh, Fl, Am. v, 2, p. 533. liich. in Franhl, \stJoimt, ed, 2. App. p, 30. Had. From Lake Huron {Dr, Todd) to the Arctic Circle, and from Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Mountains and the shores of the Pacific. Dr. Richardson. Drummond. Douglas. — This is peculiar for its broad leaves, which are amplexicaul at the base, of a rather deep green colour, and sin^'ularly delicate texture, and for its rather large flowers, with copious red-purple rays. Our specimen from the Saskatchawan is truly gigantic, .'i feet high, with radical leaves a span long and 2 inches broad. 12. E, Philadelphicus ; pubescens, foliis cuneato-oblongis rariter inciso-dentatis caulinis semiamplexicaulibus, caulc debili simplici supcrne corymboso, pedunculis elongatis unifloris, radiis capillaceis involucro hemisphasrico duplo longioribus. Ph. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1211. Pursh, Fl, Am, v. 2. p. 533. Rich, in Franhl, \st Journ, cd, 2, App. p, 30. Reich. Ic. Ex. t. 134. Had. Canada. Kalm, (Linn.) Woody country between lat. 54° and 64°. Richardson. — I have never re- ceived any authentic specimen of this from the American Botanists; but I introduce it on the autho- rity of Dr. Richardson and i "inwus. The excellent Dr. Darlington says, that what he has taken for E. Philadelphicus agrees, on a careful comparison, also with £./;ur/>ureuf. I am inclined to suspect that the two are one species, and, if so, the present name, in right of priority, should be retained. Keichenbach's figure looks Uke a small-flowered state off. purpureus, 13. E, pulchellus; pubescenti-asper, foliis radicalibus spatbulatis integris vel scrratis cau- linis remotis lincaribus integerrimis, panicula laxa pauci (3-5) Hura, radiis niunerosis (albi- dis vel pallide purpureis) patentibus involucro plusquani duplo longioribus. — Mich, Am, v, 2. p, 22i. Rich, in Franhl, Ut Journ, ed. 2. App. p. 30.— E. bellidifblius. Willd. Sp. PI. V. 3. p. 1958. Sims, Dot. Mag. t. 2402.— E. Serpentaria. Banks, MSS,—lS, ibiiis profunde dentutis. Hab. Woody country, from Canada to lat. (14".— /3. North West Coast of America. Menzies. — In all our specimens the ray in the dry state appears to be white. 14. E, glabellus ; g\a\Kr vel pubescens, foliis lato-lanceolads integerrimis nervosis ciliatis, radicalibus subspatbulrtis, floribus (inter majores) paucis (3-5) subcorynilxjsis, radiis (pur- j)urascentibus nunc albis) nunierosis patentibus involucro pubescente fere triplo longiori- bus.— Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 148. Rich, in Franhl. 1st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 30. Hooh. Bat. Mag, t, 2923. — i3. pidtescens ; totus valde pubescens. — y. mucronatus; foliis atutissiniis nviicronatis. Had. From the Saskatchawan, Drummond, throughout the woody country, to lat. (U". Dr. Richardson. — ,3. Prairies of tho Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—'/. Plentiful on low plains of the Columbia, near the coast. Douglas, Dr, ficouler. m f I 20 C0MP08ITJE. [Diphpappui' 15. E,? hyssopifolius ; cauleramis sterilibiis paniculato paucis in petlunculos nudos uni- floros protractis, foliis linearibus integris glabellis ciliatis, radiis involucro cylindraceo niulto loiigioribiis. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 123. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2, p. 534? Hab. Hudson's Bay and near Lake Mistassins. Michauz. — With this I am unacquainted. In some of its characters, it comes near my E. lonchopht/llus, but the involucre is said to be cylindrical, and the rays much longer than it. Pursh refers it to Dill. Elth. t. 306, / 394, (£. Carolinianus, Willd.) evidently no true Erifferon, the Phalacroloma of Cassini. 16. E. Canadensis; caule hispido, foliis lanceoluto-Iinearibus ciliatis acutis, floribus (parvis) in paniculani terminalem oblongam foliosam dispositis, raiiiis quasi lacenioso-iniiltifloris, pcdicellis foliolosisj radiis niinutis (albis)pappocopiosovix longioribus. — Linn. — Mich. Am. V. 2. p. 123. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 534. Hab. Thoughout Canada. From Lake Huron to the Saskatchawan. Columbia River. Dr. Scouler. 17. E. ?florifcr; caule breviusculo ramoso piloso, foliis omnibus lineari-spatliuiatis pilosius- culis integerrimisglaucis, ramis pedunculiformibus unifioris (floribus inter maximos), involu- cri foliolis exterioribus pubesccnti-liirsutis interioribus nicnibranaceis fimbriato-ciliatis, radiis latiusculis (albis?) patentibus involucro duplo longioribus, pappi pilis albissimis incrassatis liirsutulis. Hab. Dry rocks and sandy grounds near Priest's Rapids of the Columbia, and Le'.vis and Clarke's River ; N'.W. coast of America. Douglas. — This is evidently no Erigeron, yet it has as little a£Rnity with any Aster. The hairs of the pappus are unusually thick and white. (Pappu.f duplex: cjrttis perhreins suhpakaceus.) 18. E. annuus; ft)liis radicalibus subrotundo-ovatis profunde dentatis petiolatis, caulinis huiceolatis acutis medio subscrratis, corynilx) terminidi. — Aster annuus. Linn. — Erigeron heteropliylius. IMlld. Sp. PI. v. 3. p. 1956. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 534. — Diplopappus (lul)ius. Cass. Hull. — Stenactis dubia. Cass, in Diet, des Sc. Nat. r. 37. />. 485. — .S. aiinuns. Xfis. Ast. p. 273. Hab. Canada. C/ci/Aom.— Except in the pappu!>, this is so unlirely an Erigeron that I am very unwilling to Nenarntp it frnni that (ienus. Tho outer pappus consists of srvcral very minute acuminated paleacoous scaler. It ha.v, like the E. Cniwiensii, been introduced from America into Kurupo, and thus found a place in our F.iiropean Floras. 60. niPLOPAPPUS.* Cass. Radius unistrialis $. Disrus 5. Pappus biseriulis. Cor. disci regularis. Achenium crostre.— Herba' id I'ruticuli Americuni, Asialid vil Africani ; Jbliis altcrnis, iuteyris; capi- tulis tern.iiiitiiltus snlitariis, colore varie tinctis. Less. • I fcilldw my i>»n iiioliiiiitiipii, nii loss thnii the vRliifil sii(zgt»li(iii of Pruft'ssor I.indlp , in uniting DipUtKtephiuiu, Kuiilh, and Doellim/eria, Nccti, with DipUijiafipus Diplopappua.] COMPOS ITiE. 91 * Pappus conformist utrinque setaceus. 1 . D. albus ; t'oliis linenri-Ianceolatis subintegerrimis scabris basi longe angustatis inferiori- bus petiolatis, caule simplici corymbose scabro ramulis subiinifloris siibaphyllis, involucri foliolis oblongo-linearibus glabriusciilis obtusis. — a. radiis albis. D. albus. Lindl. MSS. — Chrysopsis alba. Nntt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 152. — Doellingeria? ptarmicoides. Nees, Ast. p. 183. — ?. radiis luteis. D. lutescens. Lindl. MSS. {in Herb, nostr.) Hab. On the banks of the Saskatchawan; but rare. Dr. Richardson. Drummond.—Lake Superior. Dr. Pitcher, in Herb. Torrey. — a. and/3. Banks of the Red River, Douglcts. — The outer pappus consists of very few and indistinct hairs; the inner has the hairs by no means clavate at the extremity, and therefore it can- not be a Doellingeria of Nees von Esenbeck. — Dr. Pitcher finds a single-flowered var. at Lake Superior. 2. D. canescens ; pubescenti-camis, follis lincari-lnticeolatis integerrimis basi valde angus- tatis inferioribus longe petiolatis, caule simplici corymboso, ramulis unifloris eloiigatis folio- losis, involucri foliolis angustis acutissimis hirsuto-scabris. Had. Between Carlton House and Edmonton House on tli» Saskntchaivan. Drummond. — Perhaps a variety of the following. 3. D. grandijlorus ; canescens, caule subdecumbenie infra basin ramoso, foliis lineari- oblongis inferioribus spathulatis, raniis plerumque siinplicibus unifloris nudiusculis involu- cri foliolis angustis acutissimis hirsuto-scabris. Hab. I'lains of the Saskatchawan and Prairies of the Rocky Mountains, Drummond. — This is nearly allied to the preceding, but the flowers are tivice as large, the plant \» of more humble and less erect srowth, and the ramification is different, lens corynibone, i. D. linariifolius; suffruticosas, ramis subcorymbjsis unifloris, foliis linearibus patenti- bus scaberrimis serrulato-ciliatis, involucri foliolis su'./iaxe imbricatis lineari-lanceolatis obtusis. — Diplostophium linariifolnm. Nees, Ast. v ls>9. — Aster linariifolius. Linn. — Mich. Am. V. 2. p. 110. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. /•. j*.'>. — Aster rigidus. Linn. — Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 110. Pursh, n. Am. v. 2. p. 541. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 365. Hab, Canada. Mrs. Sheppard. Newfoundland, Mr. Connack. 5. n. iiicanus; lotus incanus, foliis linearibus mollibus distantibus acutis mucronulatis, ramis longis corymbosis monocepbalis apice nuiiis, involucri ovati glandulosi foliolis lineari- bus nuiltiseriatis exterioribus scjUMrrosis. Lindl. MSS. Hau, California and N.W. Coast of America. Doug/as, in Herb. Lindley.—" D. rigido (linariifolio) |iroximu8. Catdis i\ pedalis ab ima basi strictim racemosus, pube brevi mollis, foliis valde denudatus. Jitidii ama-ne violacei." — Lindl. (), D.^fiti/olius; incanus, foliis omnibus lineari-filiformil)us, raniis longis subcorymbosis luiifloris, involucri foliolis imbricatis angustis acutis pubescenti-scabris, radiis flavescentibus, ])app() albo. 1 1 All, (Common on the Groat Falls of the Columbia auv^ barren grounds of the interior, Douglas. — Tpii ini.hcs to a foot high. Leaves very slender, an inch and a hi\lf long, almost filiform. Pappus white, exterior very short; ovary liairy, 7. I), liniaris; bumilis, caulibus subca'spitosis crectissimplicibus apice nudiusculis unifloris, 22 COMPOSITiE. [Diplopapptu, foliis omnibus lineari-filiforraibus subspathulatis, flore terminal!, involucri foliolis angustis [jubescenti-scabris, pappo fiilvo. Hab. Commoa on dry rocks and sandy (pounds near the " Priest's Rapid" of the Columbia, and also on Lewis and Clarke's River. Douglas. — Four to six inches hijjh, several stems arising; from the same root, and universally bearing one flower. These flowers are old, and the corollas have fallen or are withered, the fruit with the tawny pappus alone remaining. 8. D. pimiatifidus ; cnulibus iiuinerosis ex eadem radice erectis superne valde ramosis corymbosis multifloris, foliis subbipinnntifidis pilosis, segmentis angustis linearibus pilo ter- minali mucronatis, involucri foliolis lineari-subulutismucronatis pubescentibus, radiis luteis. — An Amellus spinulosus? Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p, 564. Radix lignosa, fusiformis, perennis. Cauies plurimi, palmares ad pedalem, erecti, superne corymboso-ramo *i, ramis omnibus floriferis. Folia pinnatifida pilosa, laciniis linearibus, dentatis vel iteram piunatifidis, pilo longiusculo terminati mucronatis. Flores copiosi flavi. Ovarium dense villosum. Pappi laciniie raid ; inaequales, exteriores «cnsim minores. Receptaculum alveolatum subpaleaceo-fimbriatum. Hab. Rocky Mountains near Jasper's Lake, rare. Drummond. ** Pappus biformis : ext. pakaceus ; int. setaceus. (Flores flavi.) Chrysopsis. Nutt. Ell. 9. D. villosus; caulibus erectis patenti-villosis, superne corymbosis, foliis oblongis seu oblongo-spathulatis sessilibus acutis appresso-villosis ciliatis, ramulis floriferis pul)escentibus, involucri foliolis llneari-subulatis acutis subpubescentibus ext. non raro ^'oliaceis. — Clirysop- sis villosa. Nuit. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 151. (et in Herb, nostr.) — Amellus villosus. Pursh, Fl. Am. V. 2. p. Sb*. Hab. Banks of the Satkatchawan. Dntmmond. Common on the Red Deer and Eagle Hills of the Sas- katchawan River and banks of the Assinaboyne; also on the low bills west of the Rocky Mountains, to the Pacifit^ Ocean, on dry, rocky, or sandy soils. Douglas. — Pappus nearly white. Flowers yellow. 10. D.hispidus; totus pilis patentibus hispidu^, foliis oblongo-spatbulatis basi angustatis subpetiolatis, ramis subcorymbosis, involucri foliolis angustatis acutis glabriusculis. Hab. Carlton-House Fort. Dr. /ficAarrfson.— This appears to be rare, if we may judge from the very few specimens collected. Though most allied to the preceding, it is novertheless quite distinct. It is smaller and slenderer, the leaves more remote and more attenuated below, and they and the whole plant, even thf floral branches, are clothed with long patent rigid leaves. Flowers yellow. Pappus tawny. 11. Z). scaber; hispido-scabcr, foliis gi-osse dentatis inferioribus ovajibus longe petiolatis, cauiinis lato-oblongis, ramis terminalibus subcorymlwsis nudiusculis unifloris involuciisque pubescenti-giandulosis, pnppo intense fulvo. — Chrysopsis scabra. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 151. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 339. — inula scahni. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 531. Hab. N. W. Coast of America. A. Memies. AV/.—Tliis «juite accords in every essential particular with authentic specimens of Chrysopsis scabra I have receivod from Mr. Elliott, and with others gathered at Hio Brazos, in Texas, so that the species must have a very extensive range. • »• Pappus biformis: ext, brevis: int. setaceus, pilis apice incrassatis, Doellingeria. Nees. 12. 1), iimbellatus; foliis oblongo-lanceohuis, caule angulato scabro apice corymboso-coni- Madia.] COMPOSITE. 28 posito, involucro imbricato. — DoelHngeria umbellata. Neea, Aai. p. 178. — Aster iimbel- latus. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. I. w. 3. p. 199. — Chrysopsis amygdalina, Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 153. Hab. Canada. Dr. Holmes. Mr. Cleghom. 13. D. amygdalinus ; foliis oblongis, caule angustato glabra apice corymboso-composito, involucro laxo. — DoelHngeria amygdalina. Nees, Ast. p. 179. — Diplostephium amygdal. Cass. — Aster amygdalinus. Lam. — Mich. Am. v. 2, p. 109. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 549. — Chrysopsis humilis. Nutt. (esrcl. syn. Ast. cornifolii, Muhl. et Ast infirmi, Mich., Nees.) — Aster humilis. Willd.— Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 548. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 367. Had, Canada. Mrs. Percival. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Mr. Cormack.—\ am by no means satis- fied of the permanency of the distinguiahing characters of this and the preceding species. 01. BOLTONIA. VHerit. Radius ? , uniserialis. Discus t} . Pappus brevis, radii pluri- disci bi-setosus. Cor. disci regularis. ^cAcniM>» erostre. — Herba; Boreali-AmericatUB, erectce; foliis alternis, integris; ramis divaricatis florigeris monocepkalis apiceque aphyllis; capitulis parviusculis, radio cceruleo; rachide conica; involucris imbricatis. Less. 1. B. glastifolia; foliis inferioribus serratis, floribus breviter pedunculatis, seminibus ob- cordatis conspicue alatis pubesccntibus aristis pappi duabus ipsorum longitudine. Pursh, — IJHerit. Sert. Angl. p. 27. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 132. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 561. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2381. Had. Canada. Goldie. — My plant does not exactly accord with either of the two species described by Pursh. The seed or achenium is oval and glabrous, as in B. asteroides; but it has the unequal pappus and the two paleee longer than the rest, and the broad wings of B. glastifolia. Elliott has a third species, whose achenium is scarcely winged, and the pappus is as in our plant. May they not all be varieties of the same species? The figures and descriptions of Dr. Sims in the Botanical Atagazine, B. glastifolia (t. 2381), and B. asteroides (t. 2554), do not at all help to clear the difficulties. There the two species have the most striking resemblance. 02. BRACHYRIS. Nutt. 2?ar/iM.9 uniserialis $. Disais $. Pappus pahaceus uniserialis, paleis linearibus, 5-8. Cor. disci regularis. Achenium obconicum erostre. — Herba perennis. Bore ali- Americana, erecta; foliis anguste linearibus, integris, punctatis; capitulis solitariis temis, ramosfastigiatos, caidis terminalibus, radio et disco 5-Jloris; involucris q/litidraceis ; rachide nuda. Less. I. B. EuthamicB. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 163. — Solidago Sarothne. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 540. Had. High grounds of the Saskatchawan (Drummond) and Red Rivers. Douglas. 03. MADIA. Molina. Radius ficmineus, uniserialis. Disats hermaphroditus. Corolla radii lingulata, lingula triloba tubuni superante. Achenium erostre, tetragono-conipressuni, quadricostatum, disco lilll 11 -\-i^ 24 COMPOSITiE. [Crinilaria. epig}'no purvo. Pappus nullus. — Herbse C/nlenses et oris occidetiialis America borealis, vis- cidce, erect(B ; foliis alternis, semiamplexicaiilibus, oblongis; capitulis luteis, terminalibus vel axillaribus; rachide plana, nuda; involucris uniserialibus, pubesceiitibus. Less. 1. M. viscosa; capitulis axillaribus solitariis niultifloris, railiis conspicuis. — a. capitulis subsessilibusrudiis parvis. — M. viscosa. Cav. Ic. v. 3. p. 50. t. 298. Sims, Dot. Mag. t. 2574. — Madia mellosa. Mo/. — Jacq, Hort. Schoenbr. v, 3. t, 302. (excellent.) — M. sativa. Mol. — /3. capitulis plerisque pedunculatis, radiis magnis. — M. elegans. Don, t'-^ Bot. licg, t. 1458. Had. tt,aDd/3. Fort Vancouver on the Columbia. Dr. Scouler. Douglas. — TheBf^reintheBotanicalRe^g- ter of Madia elegans is strangely altered, Ity cultivation iu rich garden soil, from the form exhibited by the native plants from the Columbia. These differ very slightly from the more usual appearance of M, viscosa, as seen in specimens from Chili. 2. M. glomerata; capitulis (2-4) glotneratis paucifloris in corymbain terminaleni dispo- sitis, radiis obsoletis. Hah. Plains of the Saskatchan'an. Druinmond. — Aware a^ I am that Madia viscosa is 'iable greatly to vary, I still cannot bring myself to consider the present as a state of that species. The inflorescence is a true compound corymb, the branches, which are leafy, bearing at the extremity a cluster of 3-5 few-flowered capitula, much narrower than those of M. viscosa, and apparently quite destitute of ray. This is the first time that any Madia has been found on the cost side of the great chain of mountains which separates eastern from western America. 04. CRINITAIUA. Cass. Capitulum liomogamum discoideum iiiulti — (pauci-)-florum. liachis cbracteolata. l^ap- pus pilosus biserialis. Acheiiium crostre, conipressuni, sericeum. — Hevbw per liuropatii, Asiam meridionalem (et Americam sepletttrionakm) crtc' ?ntes ; foliis alternis, cotifertis, lineari- bus, subintegcrrimis ; capitulis luteis, solitariis, ramulos corymbosim disposUos terminantibus ; involucris pauciserialibus, foliacvis. Less. \. C. viscidijlora ; gluhcrmna, foliis lineari-lanceolatis rigidis integerrimis acutissimisuni- ncrviis basi angustatis, floribiis I'astigiato-corymbosis, pedunculis folioiosis, iuvolucri gluti- no!, and along the Salmon Uiver, N. W. America. Douglas. — My specimens of this are small and fciv. The species is in many respects allied to Nuttall's Chrysocoma virgata, \}u\.tliut is "/n tl/ticeous," and an inhabitant of sivamps of New .Jersey, near the coast. Fron- the same author's C. gravcoi, .s it differs in the leaves being only single-nerved and the branches quite glabrous, not in the least " pulverulently tomentose." 2. C? humilis; aimua nana vageraniosa, raniis liic iJIic birsutulis, foliis liiuari-lanceolatis dciiticulato-ciliatis niucronulato-atiitis, Horibus aNillarii)us tcrniinalibiisqiic, iuvolucri glabri t'oliolis lini'aribus exterioribus niajoribus tbiiaceis. Haii. On the banks of the tsaskatcliawuii, between Carlton House and Fdnionton House. Drummond. I introdnce this small plant ( .1-4 incites li'gh) into this place with much he:qualia, erecta, laxa, linearia, lanata, acuta. Radu jiusculi llavi, omnes papposi, pilis numerosis Kcabris. Recepiaculutit gubalveolatum, Achenia pilosu, superne pratcipue pills erectiii sericeig. Uab, Plaino of the ^askatchawan and Prairies of the Kocky Mountains. Drummond. Tab. CXXIV.— Fig. 1, Floret of the ray; fif/. a. Floret of the disk:— magnijied. COMPOSITjE Omissa. Post Etipatorium occideiitale, v. 1. p. 305, adde 5.* Eupatoriumf grandiflorum ; glabnim, foliis alternis petiolatls corilnto-triangularibiis ucuminatis ^rosse serratis vcnosis, paniculse floribus glotneratis, involucri foliolis multiseriuli- bus liiieari-ubiongis ucutis striutis exterioribus c lutii buiii subulutis subsquarrosis, iiclieniis cyliiulruceis striatis scabridis. Har, Od the low hillx between the north and south branches of Lewis and Clarke's River, in stony places. JioUQlaa. — Three to four feet high, herbaceous. Stem rounded. Flowirs luTgc, white, clustorod. The leaves bear n considerable resemblance to those of E. occidentale, but the flowers are totally dift'erent, larger than is usual in this (ienus, each of many florets, and with the stigmas loss exscrted than usual. I possess only a solitary specimen. Post Ambrosiam acanthicarpam, v. 1 . p. 309, adde \. A.trifida; data scaberrinia, foliis (amplis) petiolatis iutegris vel profunde 3-5-fidis !>erratis scgnu'Utis ovali-lanceolatis acuminatis, racemis elongatis paniculatis, fructu supra iiiedium spinis fi brcvibus erectis. — Linn. — Mich. Am. v,2.p. 183. Piirsh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 581. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 476. Hab. Canada. Common. Dr. Holmes (in Herb. Greville.) Okd. LII. CAMPANULACE.E. lir. .Sect. I. Ca.mpanule.t;. Cor. moiiopetala, rcgulari.i. AnthercB libera. Br. I. CAMPANULA. (L.) Alph. De Cand. Cal. 5-fi(lus, sinubuss«?pcappendicibus obtectis. Coro//a apice 5-loba, vcl 5-fida, stepiu.s caiupanul ita. Stam. 5, lil)cra, filamentis basi latis tt meinbranaceis. titylus in alabastro pilis collect()ril)us (excepta ima basi) tcctus. Stifpnata 3-5, filiforniia. Ovariiini omnino infcrum, 3-5-l()culari'. Capsula valvis 3-5, lateraliter deiiiscens. Semina sa'pius ovata, lomplanata, interdiim ovoidea ot tunc minimiu — Herbir perennes, rarius bienncs v.anmue; ymnc hnmilcs d rcnspitantes, nunc contra 2-3-pedales, erecta et muUiflorrB. I''oIia radicalia a Campanula.] CAMPANULACEi£. ST caulinia sapisaime diversa, nempe tnqjora, longiua petiolata et obtuaa. Floies pkrumque pe- (tunculati racemosi rariut spicati v. glomerati, pro ordine majuKuli, carulei vel {in eadem specie) albi. Omnea in hemiaphera boreali habilanlea. Alph, D. C. 1. C. daayantha; foliis rodicolibus ovato-acutis petiolutis crenatis glabriusculis, caulinis sessilibuB lanceolatis integris pubescentibus, lobis cnlycinis ovatu-liuiceolutis ncutis corolla in- funilibuUrormi triple brevioribus, sinuum uppcndicibus minimis subulutis. Alph. De Cand, — Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc. Suppl.p. 147. Reich, lev. 1. 1. 85. Cham, in Limnaa, v. 4. p. 37. Alph. De Cand. Camp. p. 230. Hab. Unaloschka and Islands of BehriD){'B Straits. Chamisso. 2. C. petiolata ; glaberrima simplex pnuciflora, foliis radicalibus longe petiolutis cordatis rotundatis dentatis petiolatis marginatis, caulinis inferioribus lanceolatis remote dentatis petiolatis, superioribus linearibus integris, lobis calycinis erectis subulatis corolla campanu- lata duplo brevioribus. Alph. De Cand. Camp. p. 278. Had. Slave Lake. Dr. Richardson. 3. C. linifolia; caule erecto, foliis rndicalibus panels petiolatis ovatis siriuatis, caulinis linearibus integris, laciniis calycinis longis erectis corolla canipanulataampla duplo vel triplo brevioribus, Alph. De Cand. Camp. p. 179. Hcenk. in Jacq, Coll. v. 2. p. 81, — C. rotun- difolia, /3. linifolia. Rich, in Franhl. \st Journ. cd. 2. App. p. 6. — h. Ijangsdorffiana ; glabra, caule erecto subunifloro, foliis radicalibus ovato-rotundatis integris, caulinis inferio- ribus obovato-lanceolatis. Alph. De Cand, Hah. From Lake Huron, Dr. Todd, throu|;hout the woody country, from lat. 54° to CA", Dr. Richard- son. Common on the N. VV. Coast, and on tlie banks of the Columbia, from its source to its confluence with the sea, and nt Pug;et's Sound. Douglas. Port VVcutworth and Sledge Island, Behring's Straits. Mr. Menzies, — I. Arctic America, from Greenland (Horncmunn) to the Aleutian Islands. Liingsdorff (in Alph, De Cand.)— My specimens from Mr. Menzies and Douglas exactly correspond with the European ones. 4. C. rotundi/olia ; foliis radicalibus petiolatis cordatis rotundatis crenato-dentatis, caulinis linearibus vel lanceolatis, alabastris erectis, calycis laciniis subulatis brevibus erectis corolla canipanulata triplo Ijrevioribus. Alph. De Cand. — Linn. — Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 108. Enyl. Bot, t. 866. Purah, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 159. Rich, in Franhl. lat Journ. cd. 2. App. p. 65. Torrey, Fl. of Un. .Sf. v. 1. p. 236. Alph. De Cand. Camp. p. 68. Had. Throughout the woody country, between lat. 54" and 64". Dr. Richardson, I. c. Near Quebec. Mrs. Percival. I have seen no specimens from the west side of the Rocky Mountains; and, indeed, all those in f laptain Franklin's Collection are referable, I think, rather to C. linifolia, if the two be really distinct. 5. C. duhia; glabra, caule unifloro, foliis caulinis erectis angustis inferioribus lineari-lan- ceolatis, superioribus longe acuminatis, lobis calycinis subulatis corolla infundibuliformi tubulosa duplo brevioribus. Alph. De Cand. Camp. p. 2S6. (ct in Herb, noatr.) Hau. Newfoundland. Dr. Morrison.— I should myself be disposed to consider this a single-flowcrcd var. of C. linifolia. 6. C.pratensis; caule humili unifloro supcrne magis folioso, foliis omnibus petiolatis ovat'> ., f 9S CAMPANULACEiE. [ Campimula. acutis siihcrcimtis, laciiiiis calyciiiis lon^c acuiiiinati.s corolla infuiulibuliforiiii ^ brt'vioribuH. .UjtA. ])c Caiiil. Cam/i. p. 287.-/3. foliis cauliniN nngiistioribus linearibiis. Al/th. J)e CuikI, ll.vli. Nt'ur tlio Coast on tho wetterii aide of N««'foundland. Dela Pi/laie (in Alph De Cand. Camp,) 7. C nimriiioidea; glabra, cnuledebiliascuiKlL'iite siinplici pauciHoroangulis retro-scabro, tbiiis infcrioribus lincnri-obovaMs aliis liiicnri-at-utninntis remote denticulatis retrorsum scu- biis, lobis calycinis iriangularibiis corolla campanulnta diiplo brevioribus, capsuin sphre'roi- ilea. Aliih. De CamL—Pursh, Fl Am. v. J. p. 1.59. Torreij, Ft. of Uii. St. v. 1. p. 237. Alph. J)i ( and. Camp. p. 21)0.— C. trinoides. Muhl—Dii/el. Fl. Host. etl. 2. p. 85. FMioU. Carol. V. \.p. 263. Hah. Caimdu. Mr. GolUie, From Lnku tlurou (Dr. Tuild) to the Sugkatclmwaii, Drummond. 8. (,'. Scoiileri; simplex vel rnmosaiiaiiciflora,foliis acute serratisglabriusculis iiit'erioribus (uato-acutis pt-tiolatis inediis ovato-laiiceolatis siiperioribiis liiieari-lancuolatis sessilibus, (loribiis raceinosis, calycis gliihri lobis subiilatis corolla .5-fi(la infuiulibuliformi triplo bre- vioribus, stylo exscrto, capsiila ovoidea. (Tab. CXXV.) — Hook, in Alph. De Cand. Camp, p. 312. — a,' hirsiifiila ; lobis calycinis iiiagis erectis. — /3. glabra; lobis calycinis patentissimis, (oliis majoribus tcnuioribus. lUii. Fort Vancouver ou the Columbia. Dr. Scou/er. /3. Cominon in partially »hiided Pioe Forests, oa the N.W. Coast. Plentiful about Fort Vancouver. X>(;tt(//a«. Z>r. .SVou/tr. Tab. CXXV. — Fiy. I, Flower j yfy. iJ, Immature capsule; — magnified. !). C.plaiiijtora; glaberrinia, caule simplici, foliis sessilibus coriaceis nitidis radicalibus con- It-rtis ovatis vul ol)ovato-obtusiscrenulatis, caulinis lincari-lnnceolatis acutis subintegris, tlori- bus spicato-racemosis, lobis calycinis ovato-acutis latis erectis corolla campanulatu-rotata triplo brevioribus. Alpd. De Cand. — Lam. Did. — Alph. De Cand. Camp. p. 312. — C. ni- lidii. Ait. Hart. Kt.w. ed. 1. v. 1. p. 216. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 731. Hah. North America; and Pursh supposes, but upon very vague authority, from Hudson's Bay. 1 have never seen any plant like it from that country, and the Am rican Botanists seem to be unacquainted with it. 10. C. Americana; caule simplici, foliis radicalibus ovato-acutis subcordatis petiolatis serra- ih, caulinis ovato-lanceolatis utrinque acuminatis serrulatis, tloribus longe spicatis, lobis caly- cinis valde ncuminatis patulis corolla cnmpanulato-rotata subbrevioribus, cupsnia cylindraceu sulcata. Alph. De Cand. — Liiiii. — Pursh, Fl. Am. v. \. p. 139. Torrey, Fl. of Uii. St. v. I. /J. 237. Alp'i. De Cand. Camp. p. 311. — C. acuminata. Mich. Am.th I. p. lOS. Pursh, I.e. Flliutt, Carol. v.\. p. 2a2. TorreyyFl. of Un. St. I.e. Haii. On rDcki about the Falls of Niajfnra, Mr. Cooper, (in Torret/'s Fl.) — 1 have never seen specimens of this from British America. 11. C. lasiocurpa; caule unifloro nudiusculo, foliis radicalibus confertis lauceolato-ol)o- vatis setaceo-denticulatis, petiolis ciliatis, calyce tubo villoso lobis ncuminatis denticulatis, corolla infiindibidiformi cainpanulata lobis calycinis duplo longiore, capSida subcylindrncea. Alph. De Cand. — Cham, in Linnma, r. i. p. 39. Hook, et Am. in Bat. of Beech. Voy. v. 1. ;•. 12'..— C. algida. Fisch. MSS.—Alph. De Cand. Camp. p. 338. t. 11./ 4. Lobelia. I CAMPANULACEiE. Hau. Summita of the hi)(liett of the Rookjr Mountaini, near Lake La Pierre. Drummontl. Unri <>'*.! h, Sledjfe niid Hedge Iilaudit, in Uehriii){'« t>(rait«, Kotiubiie'v Sound. Lay and Cullie, in Capt'i'.\ Ptitehey') CullectiuH. 12. C. uniflora: caule iiniHoro, foliis suhinte^ris int'urioribus obovatis pvtiolaiiN, niediis ol)i)vat<)-liinceolati!i, superioribiiN rnrioribiis linenri-liniceolntis, cnlyce villosiusculo, lobis li- ncnri-iicuminuti.s corolla iiifuiulibuliformi subtequalibus, cnpsula cyliiulrncen. Alph. 1) Caiid, — Linn. — Fl. Dan. t. 1512. Rich, in Fianhl. Xst Jotirii. cd. 2. App. p. «. tph. J)t Cand. Camp. p. 339. IIaii. Shorenaud Iiilundn of tlie Arctic 8ea, from the eastern to the weaturu extremity. Alpine pliiceH in the Hocky Mouutaini*. Drummond. ■i. 8PECULAUIA. Heitt. Calyx 5-lobu», tubo clongato prismatico ve! lonjje obconico. Corolla rotata, 5-lobu. Slam. 5, inter so libera, corolla dimidlo breviora ; ^/amenfn brevia, mcinbranacea, pilosa; nntherw filainentis longiores. Stylus inclusus, pilosus, pilis secundum ordines lU dispositiii. Stigmata tria, filiformia. Capsula longc prisniatica, 3-lociilari», 3-valvis, ])rope apicem vel pauUo supra mediam partem sitis doliisccns. >Sc;»i/(r ovoidca vel lentieularia, tiubconipressa, uitidissimu. — Horbiu a«««a, Awz/u'/'S, in regionv maris Meditrranei ct Eitropa tcmpr.rata praecipue habitantes: una species tantum in America. Folia alter na, per caulem aqualiter sparsa parva; infrriora ab aliis paruni dissimilia. Fiores tenninales et a.rillares, semper sessiles erecti. Corolla cccrulea, rosea vel ex albo et casio varieyata, sole lucente rotata. Alph. De Cand. 1. S. perfoliata; caule erecto simplici, foliis ovato-rotundatis crenatis amplexicoulibus., Horibus axillaribus longe foliaceo-spicatis, calyce glabro, tubo obconico lobis erectis lancuo- latis, corolla lobis calycinis longiore. — Alph, De Cand. Camp. p. 351. — Campanula perto- liata. Linn. — Pursli, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. IGO. — Digcl. Fl. Host. ed. 2. p. 85. — Campanula amplexicaulis. Mich. Am. v. \. p. 108. Elliott, Carol, v. I. p. 2G'i. Torrey, Fl. of L'n. SI. i: I. p. 25G. Had. N.W. Coiut of America; about the Columbia. Douglas. Dr. Scottkr. Sect. II. Loueli^e. Corolla irregularis (nunc b-pctala), Anthera swpe connalre. Dr. 3. LOBELIA. L. Corolla tubo hinc fisso (rare integro) limbo 5-partito. Anthcra connatn?. 5f/(7)««bila- biatuni (nunc indivisum). Capsula biloculuris (rare S-loc), apice supero bivalvi. — Herbn- ( eel surthitices) plera:que lactescentes. Folia alterna Integra vel laciniata, rnrofistulosa. Flore^ racemosi, terminates vel axillares, solitarii, pedicellis bibracleatis v. nudis. Antliernr scepius hnrbatai. Br. 1. L. Dortmanna; foliis radicalibus subcylindricis obtusis bitubulosis, scapry parcc folioso, Horibus racemosis. — Linn. — Engl. Hot. t. 110. Mich. Am. v. 'i. p. 153. Pursli, Fl. Am. V. 2. p. 446. nigel. Fl. Host. (d. 2. p. 87. Torrey, Fl. of U». St. v. ].p. 239.— L. paludosa. yidt. II' jLl ■^•v ^.^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 11.25 IttlM 12.5 ■ 50 "^™ ■■■ m U 11.6 II <^ ^> ^5^ ^ '^ 7 Photographic Sdences Corporation 23 weST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MStO (716)872-4503 m o 6^ 4^.^^ 30 CAMPANULACEiG. [Clintonia. Hab. Slave Lake, Engliah River, and in a iroall Lake at the tnmmit of Portage la Loohe. Dr. Hieh- ardton. 2. L. Kalmii; glabra, caule erecto gracili ramoso, foliis lineari-elongatis subilentatis radi- calibus brevibus spathulatis, racemis laxis paucifloris subfoliosis, pedicellis elongatis biglan- dulosis, calycis glaberrirni laciniis subulatis, gennine bosi attenuato. — Linn, — Mich. Am. V. 2. p. 158. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 446. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 86. Torrey, Fl. of Un. Sl.v. l.p.239. Had. From Lake Huron, Z>r. Toeft/, throughout Canada to the Saokatchaivan and Hudion's Bay, and in mline marthesin lat. 60°. Dr. Richardson, — The L. gracili* of Mr. Nuttall (L. NuttMii, Roem. et 8ch,), w a dtill ulenderer plant than the present, with smaller flowers, shorter pedicels, bibraoteate at the base, but des- titute of tli«i two glands upon the pedicel, and the germen is obtuse at the base. 3. L. Claytoniana; erecla simplex pubescens, foliis oblongis subintegerrimis ciliatis basi attenuatis, radicalibus obovato-spathulatis, racemo gracili elongate nudo, bracteis solitariis pedicello eglanduloso longioribus, calycis glabri laciniis subulatis tubo coroUae parum brevi- oribus. — Mich. Am. v, 2. p. 153. Pursh, FL Am. v. 2. p. 447. Elliott^ Carol, v. 1. p. 263. Torrey, Fl. of Un, St. v. I. p. 240.— L. pallida. Muhl.— Bigel. Fl. Boa. ed. 2. p. 86.— L. spicata. iMm, ; Hab. On the Saskatchawan, apparently rare, as very few specimens are in the Collection. Drummond. 4. L. inflata; pubescens, caule erecto simplici vel ramoso, foliis oblongo-ovnlibus denta- tis inferioribus in petiolum brevem attenuatis, racemis basi foliosis, capsulis globosis inflatis. — Linn, — Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 152. Pursh, Fl, Am, v, 2. p. 448. Bigel, Fl, Bast ed, 2, p, 86. Elliott, Carol, v,\,p. 266. Hab. Lake Huron, Dr. Todd, to the Saskatchawan and Hudson's Bay. Dr. Richardson. Drummond. 5. L, syphilitica; subhirsuta, caule erecto simplici, foliis ovato-lanceolatis utrinque brevi- acuminatis dentntis infimis in petiolum attenuatis, racemo elongato basi folioso, calycis hir- suti laciniis subulatis tubo corollse brevioribus sinubus reflexis. — Linn, — il^icA. Am, v. 2, p. 151. Pursh, Fl. Am, v, 2, p, 447. Elliott, Carol, v, 1. p, 256. Hab. Lake Huron, abundant. Dr. Todd. — Flowers blue, vastly larger than any of the preceding species, and nest in size to those of L, cardinalis, 6. L, cardinalis; glabra, caule erecto simplici, foliis lato-lanceolatis serratis, racemis elon- gatis secundis, iloribus erectis, calycis glabri laciniis subulatis tubo elongato corollse brevio- ribus, staminibus exsertis. — Linn. — Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 320. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 151. Pursh, Fl, Am, V. 2. p. 448. Bigel, Fl, Bost, ed, 2,p, 85. Torrey, Fl, of Un. St. v. I. p. 242. Hab. Throughout Canada, from Lake Huron to the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson. Drummond. 4. CLINTONIA. Dougl. Cat, superus, pentaphyllus, subaequalis. Corolla monopetala, bilabiata, labio inferiore cuneato trilobo superiore erecto bipartite. Stamina in tubo connata, incurva. Antheree connatse, duabus apice setigeris. Ovarium siliquiforme triungulare, contortun), uniloculare, placentis duabus parietalibus. Capsula arida, cliartacen, polysperma, in valvulis tribus lo- yaeeinitm,] VACCINIE^E. 8t Flores solitarii, axillares. riformibus dehiscens. — Herba annua, procumbena, microphylla. Lindi. 1. C. elegana. Dough in Bot. Beg. t. 1241. Uerba annua prooumbens, parum ismosa, glabra. Caulis teres, angulatiii. Folia tessiiia, ovata, trivenia. Flores solitarii, azillarei. Ovarium eeasile, ioDge acuminatum, foliis i-d-plo longius, triaDg:ulare, contortum. Corolla eutu\e$L, labio ioferiore medio macula alba. Antkera cteruleie. Stigma conicum, barba papillosa cir- cumdatum. Cap»ulm foliis multoties longiores. Pollen ovale medio sulcatum. Lindl. I, c. Had. Common on overflowed grounds, near the sources of the Multnomack, and in the vallies of the western side of the Rocky Mountains. Douglas,— I have preferred giving Professor Lindley's remarks upon this interesting plant, made from living specimens, to any I could offer from the dried one. The same able Botanist observer that it exhibits an instance of unilocular fruit with parietal placentte, in an Order which has mnltilocnlar frait and axile placenta; yet, what is very remarkable, this deviation from the normal structure of the Order is unaccompanied by any corresponding irregularity in the other parts of the fruoti- tication. As cultivated in the London Horticultural Society's Garden, " it forms one of the most beautiful annuals with which we are acquainted. Notwithstanding the want of spreading^ foliage to give itsi flowers effect, the latter are of so brilliant a colour, that the plants, when grown in broad patches, resemble a carpet of silver and blue." . , . ^ Ord. LIII. VACCINIEiE. DeCand. 1. VACCINIUM. Linn. Cal. ovario ttdhaerens limbo 4— 5-dentato. Cor. 1-petala, ovata, cainpanulata sen rutatu limbo 4-5-fido. Stam. 8, perigynn. Anthera bicornes apice poris deliiscentes, dorse iion raro bisetosse. Ovarium subglobosum. jS^^im simplex. ■S'%»iaobtusiim. ^acca globosa, l-5-locularis. Semina pauca, minuta. Frutices humiles. Folia sparsa latiuscula, decidua vel peraiatentia exatipulata. Flores acepe ante folia, aolilarii vel racemoai, nutantea, inodori, sapiaaime incarnati. BacoB plerumque edulea. A, corollia ovatia stu campanulatia, Vacciniutn. * Foliia deciduia. Floribua racemoais. 1. V. reainoaum; foliis brevi-petiolatis ovali-oblpngis integerrimis opacis subtus prsecipue resinoso-punctatis, racemis lateralibus secundis bracteatis, corollis ovatis subangulatis. — Ait. —Mich. Am. v. I. p. 230. Bot. Mag. t. 1288. Pura/i, Fi Am. v. \. p. 286. Elliott, Carol, r. ].p. 498. Bigel. Ft. Boat. ed. 2. p. 150. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. p. 416. Hin. Canada. Pursh. Mrs. Sheppard. Lake Huron, Dr. Todd, to the Saskatchawan. Drummond, 2. V. corymboaum; ramis floriferis subaphyllis, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis integerrimis juiiioribus pubescentibus, racemis compactis bracteatis, corollis ovato-cylindruceis. — Linn. —Purah, Fl. Am. v. \.p 286. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 498. Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2. p. 150. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 416. — V. dimorphum. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 231. — V. amaiiium. Ait. — Purah. IIau. About Quebec. Cleghom. Mrs. Perciual. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. Newfoundland. Dr. Mor- rison.— Pursh describes the berries as black, Bigelow, as being covered with a blue powder. ti :| 32 VACCINIEiE. f Vaccinmm. 3. y. Pennsylvanicum ; foliis sessilibus ovali-lanceolatis subserrulatis junioribus nervis pubescentibus, racemis thsciculatis subterminalibus, corollis ovntis. — Lam, Diet. v. \. p. 72. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 232. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 416.— V. tenellum. Pursh, Fl. Am. V. I. p. 288. Bigtl. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 150. (non Ait.) Has. From Lake Huron, Dr. Todd, throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan. Drummond. Dr. Richardson. Newfoundland, Dr. Morrison.— Thit appears to be a very common species in Canada, judging from the number and various localities of the specimens that have been sent to me. Some of these, indeed, so far as can be judged in the dried state, seem to be very nearly allied to V. corymbomm, differing chiefly in the smaller sise, more frequently serrulated leaves which are most copious on the flowering branches, and the shorter, corollas. Berries clothed with a blue farina. 4. V. Canadense; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis integerrimis subtus prsecipue pubescentibus ad nervos patenti-hirsutis, floribus fasciculato-racemosis, corollis ovatis.— iZi'cA. in Frankl. \iit Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 12. Hab. Throughout Canada from Lake Huron (Drummond,) to Bear Lake, {Dr. Richardson,) and from Missinabbie River, Hudson's Bay (Mr. Bolton, Douglas,) to the sources of the Columbia, (Drummond,) and thence probably to the mouth of that river, (Douglas.)— Of this, the flowers, fruit, and the foliage, in shape, very much resemble those of V. Peimtj/lvanicum, but the leaves, especially below, and in the oldest state, are clothed with a rather copious pubescence, and the nerves are rendered more conspicuous by the abundant spreading hairs. Berries as in the preceding speciex. • • Foliis deciduis. Pedunculis vnijloris. 5. V. uliginosum ; ibliis obovutis obtusis integerrimis subtus glaucis venosis, floribus sub- solitariis, corollis ovatis. — Linn. — Engl. Bot. t. 581, (foliis nimis acutis.) Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 235. Pursh, Fl. Am. v.]. p. 288. Rich, in Frankl. \st Jotim. ed. 2. App. p. 12. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 153. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 417. Hah. From the Saskatchawan and Hudson's Bay to the extreme Arctic shores and islands. Dr. Rich, ardson. Drummond. Newfoundland. Mr. Comiack. Dr. Morrison. Labrador. Dr. Morrison. N. W. coast uf America, probably far north of the Columbia. Mr. Menzies. (Jnalaschka. Chomisso. — In the low lands this plant does not appear to exist south of the Saskatchawan, In the United States, the summits of the White Hills of New Hampshire, where it was first detected by Dr, Bigelow, and Dr. Boott, is the only known station for it- A variety, slightly downy on the unders-ide, found in Greenland, is the V. pubescens of Homemann in FL Dan., of which specimens are in my Herbarium. 6. V. salicinum; foliis cuneato-lanceolatis cuspidatis integerrimis glaberriniis subcoria- ceis reticulato-venosis, floribus solitariis brevitcr pedunculatis nxillaribus. Cham, in Linnaa, r. 1. p. 525. Hau. Unalaschka, Chamisso, ( in Herb, nostr,)— This has remarkably narrow and cuspidate leaves. 7. F. myrtilloides; foliis ovalibusutrinque acutiusculis subserratis opacis membranaceis juni- oribus ad nervos subpubcscentibus, floribus ovato^globosis axillaribus solitariis. — Mich. Am. V. 1 p. 234. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 288. — V. angustifolium. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1.-/8. macrophylla ; foliis majoribus. V. Myrtillus, var. Sm. in Bees' Cycl. — V. membranaceum. Dougl. MSS. — y. ? rigidum ; foliis subcoriaceis. Vacciniutn.] VACCINIE^. Hab. Canadato Hudson's Bay. Michuux. Newfoundland and Labrador. {Ait.) Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. Hilli and alpine woods of the Kooky Mountains. Drummond. Summit of the hif^h roountains of the Grand Uapids and vallies on the west side of the Rocky Mountains; a common fruit, purplish-brown, and much esteemed by the natives. Douglas,— fi.awA •/, N.W. Coast. Mr, A/i'/ui'm.— Michaux's name is certainly very applicable to this plant; more so than his character of the leaves (folia angusto-lanceolata). On the other hand, Alton's character, especially of the leaves (elliptico-lanceolata), is more correct than his name; hence I have preferred Michaux's, thon};h the Uortus Kewensis has the rijjht of priority. I am doubtful about Mr. Menzies' plant, which has thicker and more coriaceous, and somewhat shining; foliag^e. 8. V. Myrtillus; ramis acute angulatis viridibus, foliis ovatis serratis glaberrimis nitidis, iiuribiis solitariis. — Linn. — Engl. Bot. t. 456. — /3. microphyllnm; foliis 2-3 lineas longis. Had. Unalaschka? Chamuso, — /3. Alpine woods near the Heij(ht of Land and Columbia Portaj^e. Drum- mond. — The specimens have no flower, but there can be no question of this plant being a variety of V, Mi/r- tillus. Chamisso's specimens from Unalaschka were so imperfect that he could not determine whether they really belonged to this species or not; their leaves are said to be entire at the mai^n, or with a very few and obsolete teeth. 1). V. caspitosum; pusillum, ramis csespitosis, foliis obovatis bnsi cuneatis meinbranaceis serratis venosis nitidis, floribus (numerosis) solitariis, corollis oblongis suburceolatis, antheru- rum poris longe tubulosis. (Tab. CXXVI.) — Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 234. Pursh, Fl. Am. V. 1. p. 288. — i3. foliis majoribus. Radix longe descendens. Caules breves, csespitosi. Folia densa, parva, obovata vel oblungo-ovata, basi cniieato-attenuata, serrata, membranacea, reticulatim venosa. Flores numerosi, solitarii, pendentes, Pedi- cetli breves. Corolla oblonga, suburceolata, d-dcntata. Anthera loculi superne valde product!, tubulosi, dorso longissime aristati. BacccB magnae, globoste, cteruleo-ctesis, edules. Hab. About Hudson's Bay. Michaux, Dry elevated spots, and in pine woods of the Ilocky Mountains; about Lake Winipeg, and on the Saskatchawan. Drummond, In the vallies on the west side of the Ilocky Mountains. Douglas, — /3. N.W. Coast. Mr. Menzies, Tab. CXXVI.— Ftir. 1, Flower; Jig, 2, Stamen; fg, 3, Pistil. 10. v. ovalifolium; foliis ellipticis niuticis membranaceis integerrimis glabris subtus prse- cipiie venosis, ramulisangnlatis, floribus ante folia bracteatis solitariis, corollis oblongo-ovatis. (Tab. CXXVII.)— Sot. in Bees' Cycl. Frulex 10-I2-pedalis. Rami teretes, glabri : ravuli angulati. Folia adulta unciam longa, elliptica, mem- branacea, glabra, subtus pnecipue venosa. Flores axillares, solitarii, pendentes, e fasciculis foliorum juniorum terniinalium, bracteati ; bracteis ovatis, concavis, caduuis. Corolla ovato-oblonga, suburceolata. Anihera i'>ciiU superne longe product! tubulosi, dortio bisvtotio!. Bacca csesio-uigra. Hab. North-west Coast of America. Mr. Menzies, Columbia River, near its confluence with the Sea, (Dr. Scolder), and on the mountains of the (irand Rapids. Douglas. Woods at the junction of the I'ortage Uiver and the Columbia. Tab. CXXVII. — Fig. I, Tuft of young leaves, and a flower; ^^. 2, Front view of a stamen; ^^, 3, Back view of do.; fy. 4, Flower: — nutgnijied. 11. V. parvifolium ; foliis ellipticis mucronatis integerrimis membranaceis glabris subtus •jrjuucis venosis, caule raniisque acute angulatis, floribus solitariis, corollis globosis. (Tab. CXXVIII.)— S;«. in Bees' Cycl VOL. II. £ vm yv.i: ll I I! H VACCINIE^. [ Vaccinium, Tota glabra. Caulis acute tetragonus, angulii fere alatis, ramis acute angulatis. Folia altema, sub- disticha, elliptica, inucronata, membranaoen, integerrima, glabra, aupra obscure aubtus magis venoaa subglauca. Ftores axillares, penduli. Pedunculi superne incrasiati. Corolla globosa, 5-fida. Anthera fere ut in V, ova- lifolio. Baccas rubrn. Had. North-west Coast Mr. Menzies. Common at Fort Vancouver, and along the sea-shore of the Co- lumbia, in shady woods. Douglas. Dr. Scouler, Tad. CXXVIlI.—Fii?. 1, Flower; yfy. 2, Anther:— wafmi/f«rf. • • * Foliis aeinpervirentibus. 12. V. Vitis Idaa; foliis obovatis subtiis pallidis punctntis marginibus parum revolutis subintegerritnis, racemis brevibus terminalibus nutantibus, corollis campunulatis, antheris muticis. — Linn. — Engl. Dot. t. 598. Mich. Am. v. \. p. 229. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. \.p. 269. Bigel Fl. Boat. cd. 2. p. 150. Torrey, Fl.ofUn. St. v. I. p. 4,18. Hab. Canada (Pursh), and from Newfoundland (Dr. Morrison, Miss Brenton) and Labrador (Dr. Mor- rison) to Hudson's Bay (Douglas). Bear Lake. Dr. Richardson. N.W. Coast Menzies (in Herb, nostr.) Unalaschka. Chamisso (in Herb, nostr.) 13. V. ovcUum; rainis liispidis, tbliis ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis coriaceis glabris nitidis margiiie serratis revolutis, racemis brevibus axillnribus nutantibus, corollis campanulato-glo- Iwsis 5-dentatis,dentibus calycinis inajusculis acutis. — Pursh, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 290. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1354. Hab. Columbia. Menzies. Lewis. Common in rocky places on the N. W, Coast, from iat 40° to 49". Douglas. Dr. Scouler. — Fruit black and pleasant J7ou^/a«. 14. V. obtusum; repens, foliis parvis utrinque rotundatis obtusis mucronatis integerrimis glabris coriaceis, pedunculis axillaribus solitariis unifloris. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 290. Had. North-West Coast Menzies. (ia Herb. JBanAs. according to Pursh.)— This is placed by Pursh among the species with evergreen persistent leaves; but it is a plant unknown to myself, as it was to Sir James E. Smith. B. Corollis rotatis. Oxycoccos. 15. F. Oxycoccos; repens filiformis, foliis persistentibus ovatis acutis coriaceis glabris aveniis subtus glaucis, pedunculis 1-4 elongatis terminalibus, corollis 4-partitis. — Linn. — Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 228. Engl. Bot. t. 319. — Oxycoccos vulgaris. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 263. Torrey, Fl. of Un. SL v. 1. p. 394.— O. palustris, a. Pers.—Rich. in Frankl. \st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 12. Hab. Canada. Pursh. Swampy places, from Lake Huron (Dr. Todd), Newfoundhknd (Mr, Cormack, Miss Brenton), Labrador (Dr. Morrison) to the Rocky Mountains, (Drummond), and to the Arctic sea- shore. Dr. Richardson, Captain Sir E. Parry, Ifc. 16. y. macrocarpum ; repens, ramis erectis, foliis persistentibus ublongis coriaceis glabris venosis subtus albidis, pedunculis lateralibus elongatis basi bracteatis aphyllis, corollis 4-par- titis.— Ait. — Bot. Mag. t. 2086. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 154. — V. Oxycoccos, /3. oblongi- folium. Mich. Am. v. 1. p, 228. — Oxycoccos macrocarpus. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 263. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. I. p. 393. Oauliheria.] ERICEiG. 86 Hab. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd, Throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson, Drummond. Newfoundland, Dr. Morriton, Mr. Cormack. Mis» Brenton. Plentiful in stvampy groundu near the con- lluonce of the Columbia with the Pacific, wher« its berriea are boiled and eaten by the natives under the name of Soolabkh. Douglas, SUBCL. COROLLIFLORiE. DC. Ord. LIV. ERICEiE. Juss. 1. OAULTHERIA. £. Cal. 5-4-fi(lus, basi carnosus infra bracteatus. Corolla ovuta, limbo brevi 5-4-fido. Stam. 10-8. /^t/amento plana saepe hirsuta, imse corolla: inserta v. hypogyna. Antherce a\yic*i bifidae, lobis biaristatis vel muticis. Discus hypogyiius 5-10-dentatus vel nullus. Capsula calyce baccato inclusa, 5-locularis, valvis medio septiferis. Semina ungulata. 1. G. procumbens; caule procumliente, ramis ercctis inferne nudis, foliis obovatis basi »t- tenuatis ciliato-serratis, floribus aggregatis subterminalibus nutantibus, disco hy(M)gyno 5-dentato, ^lamentis pilosis, antheris bisetosis. — Linn. — Mich, Ft. Am. v. \.p. 249. Pursh, Fl. Am. V. \.p. 283. Elliott, Carol. v.\.p.bQ\. Bigel. Fl. Bost. erf. 2. p. 164. Torreij, Fl. ofUn. St.v. l./>. 412. Hab. Lake Huron. Dr, Todd. About Quebec. Mrs, Percival, Mrs. Sheppnrd; and this seems to be its most northern limit. 2. G. Myrsinites; humilis, ramis coespitosis radicantibus, fuliis late ovntis ciliato-serratis, floribus solitariis pluri-bracteatis, corolla vix calycem longiori, aiitlieris muticis, filamentis glabris, disco liypogyno nidlo. (Tab. CXXIX.) Caulis brevis, ramosus ; rami plurimi, ctespitos', procumbentes, lonve radicantes. Foliu late ovata, coriaceo- raembranacea, nitida, venosa, ciliato-serrata. Flores minuti, solitarii, axillares. Pedunculi perbreves, brau- teati, bracteis 4-5 ovat's. Calyx basi carnosus, limbo 5-fidu8, Corolla vix calyce longior, 5-fida, subcam- panulata. Filamenta pistillo paulo breviora, glabra. Antherm oblongie vix apice bifidie, aristis nullis. Dis- cus hypo^ynus nullus. Ovarium depressoglobosum, 5-lobum, calycis basi carnosa incrassata insidens. Stylus cylindraceus. Stigma simplex. Fruclus; capsula d-locularis, S-valvis, calyce ampliato baccato rubro tecta; valvis medio septiteris. Semina numerosa, reniformi-angulata, exarillata, uitidu, fuaca. Albumen <;arnosum. Embryo axilis, cylindraceus. Hab. Rocky Mountains, between lat. 5li° and 5-1°. Drummond. — This beautiful little plant is loaded with scarlet berries, which its discoverer desicribes as " delicious, and resembling the pine-apple in tlavour." The anthers differ from those of the other known Gaultherite, but the rest of the fructidcafion and the habit entirely correspond with the present Genus. I ought to observe that the flower is drawn from the only two blossoms I could find on the whole of the specimens, and that appearing at an unusual season ( while the fruit is in perfection) they were probably smaller than usual, scarcely a line in length, and quite concealed among the foliage. Tab. CXXIX.— Fi>. 1, Leaf; fig. 2, Flower; fig. 3, Corolla; fig. 4, Stamens and Pistil ;/?riciitis appressis ovatis brevibus crnssis obtuse cnrinntis, pedunculis subgeminis axillnribus, corollis campnnulatis. — PtUl. FL Rosa. v. 2. p. 55. t. 13./. I. Cham, in Linnaa, v. 1. />. 516. Hab. Unahigchka. Chamuso.—\t first sight thin plant resembles a small state of A, telragona, but it in truly distinct; much slenderer in all its parts, the branches more dilfuxe and flexuose, the leavcM not furrowed on the back, 'the flowers fewer but larger, and the corolla more campanulatc. 4. A. cupressina; caule suberecto vnkle subpinnatini ronioso, foliis quuilriiuriis arete iin- hricatis appressis lato-lanceolatis caritiatis (ledunculis solitariis lateralibus. , < Hab. Rocky Mountains uorth of the Smoking River, lat. 46°. Drumnumd. — This partakes of some of the 4-haracters of the preceding and following species, yet is quite distinct from both; it has nearly the same firm and stout habit as A. tetragona, and is about of the same sice ; but, like A. lycopodioides, it wants the dor- sal sulcus. Its leaves are longer and narrower than either, and distinctly, and often rather sharply carinated. It is probably a rare, and exclusively an alpine species; very few specimens are in the Collection, and those mostly in fruit. Capsule bearing the dissepiment in the middle of the valves, as is probably the case with all the quadrifariously-leaved species, hence they are true Andromeda, not JUenziesia, whither Dr. Fischer h disposed to refer them. The beautiful A, ericoidei, which 1 have received from Dr. Fischer and ChaniUsu, and A. liedowshii, which I possess from Professor Lchmann, seem to bo exclusively Siberian plants, and not to have been found on the opposite or American side of Behring's Strait!!. .J. A. tetragona; caule suberecto fere pinnatim ramose, foliis qundrifuriis arete imbricatis appressis ovuto-lanceolatis subtriquetris sulco dorsali, pedunculis solitariis axillaribus spar- sis, corollis ovato-campanulatis. — Linn. — Pursh, Fl. Am. v. \. p. 290. Hook. Bot. Mag. t.aisi. Hab. From lat. 5i° to the Arctic Islands (Dr. Richardson, Captain Sir E, Parry, Sfc.) and from Labra- dor on the east (Kohlmeiiter, Dr. Morriion), to the Rocky Mountains, both on the east and on the west side (Douglas), Uualaschka. Chamisso. — Its southern limit is perhaps lat. 44", where Mr. Douglas rinds it on Mount Hood of the Columbia River. 6. A.poli/blia; foliis liiieari-lanceolatis subtus glaucesceiiti-albidis, pedunculis aggrcgutis unifloristerniinalibiis. — Linn. — Mich. Am. v. I. p. 254. Engl. Bot. t. 713. Pursh, Fl. Am. f. 1. ;j. 291. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2, p. 167. Torreg, Fl. of Un. St, v. l./». 419. Rich, in Frankl. \at Jotirn. ed. 2. App. p, 13. Hab. From Lake Huron {Dr. Todd) to the Arctic sea-shorv. Dr. Richardson. Newfoundland. Dr. Morrison. Labrador. Pursh. Kohlmeister. — The more northern specimens are smaller, and hare much narrower leaves. Memiuia,] ERICEA. 80 7. A. calyculata; foliis oblongocllipticis obtusis serrulutis squamuloso-furfuraceis suh- tusquc preecipue fcrrugiiicis, racemis terminnlibus foliosis seciindis, pedicellis brocteatiR, co- i-oHis ovato-cyliiulroceis. — Linn. — Mich. Am. v, 1. p. 264. Pall. Fl, Rott.v. 2. p. 33. 1. 11. / I. Elliott, Carol, v. \.p. 485. Torrey, Fl. qf Un. St. v. 1. p. 419. Biget. Fl. Boit. erf. 2. p. 166. Pich. in Frankl. \at Joum. ed. 2. App. p. IS. HitB. From Lake Huron (Dr. Todd), throughout the woody, and part of the barren oountry. Dr. ltichard$on. DrummoiuL Newfoundland. Miu Brenton, 8. ' ■ ' * ' •• Foliis deciduit. i A. racemosa; foliis elliptico-lanceolntis membrannccis serrulatis glabris, spicis termi- nalibu& scciindis siniplicibus v. ramosis, bracteis lineari-lanceolutis, cnlycibus acutiti, corollis cylindniceis, antheris aristis qimtuor. — Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 255. Purth, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 294. Elliott, Carol. v.\.p. 492. Bigel. Ft. Bost. ed. 2. p. 167. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. I. p. 420. — A. paniculatii. Linti. Hau. Canada. Purth, — The Howen are said to be very fragrant. 9. A, ligustrina; pubescens, foliis obovato-lanceolutis acutis integerrimis, raniis florifcris terminalibus paniculatis subaphyllis, floribus secundis, corollis subglobosis pubescentibui), nntheris tnoticis. — Muhl. — Elliott, Carol, r. 1. p. 490. Torrey, Fl. qf Un, St. v. 1. p. 421. — Vaccinium ligustrinum. Linn. — Andromeda paniculato. IVilld. — Mich. Am. v. 1. />. 254. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 295. — Lyonia paniculato. ^utt. Hah. Canada. Pursh, Saakatchawan. Drummond. — The-Oenus Lyonui i« diitinguiihed by Mr. Nuttall from Andromeda by the 5 valves of the capsule being closed by 5 other, and marginal narrow ones. But these narrow marginal ones appear to be only a parenchymatous substance filling up the spaces formed by the introflexion of the true valves, and generally falling away when the capsules have burst ; but not unfre- quently remaining attached to one or other of the valves. Or. Torrey informs us that Mr. Nuttall himself now hardly considers the (}enuB tenable. 4. MENZIESIA. Sm, Cal. 4-5-partitus seu 5-phylliis. Cor. monopetida urceolata v. campanulata, limbo 4-5- dentato. Stam. 8-10, basi corolla; inserta. Anthera muticce, apice (wro gemino deliiscen- tes. Capsula 4-5-locularis, 4-5-valvis, polysperma, dissepimentis e marginibus introflexis valvarum. * Foliis persistentibus. 1. M. ceerulea; decandra, foliis linearibus obtusis denticulatis, floribus (3-6) fructibusque longe pcdunculatis, calycibus acuminatis, corollis ovoideis subpubcscentibus (roscis), stigmate iiicrnssato cnpitato iiicluso. — Sw. — Engl. Bot. t. 2469. Pursh, Fl, Am. v. \.p. 265. Cham, in Linnaa, v. ].;;. 515. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 149. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. \. p. 391. — Andromeda cterulea. Linn. — A. taxifolia. Pall. Fl. Boss. v. 2. p. 64. t. 72. f. 2. Had. Labrador. SirJo». Banks, Kohlmeisttr. Dr, Morrison. — It is not certain that this is found any where in North America, except Labrador. In the alpine interior its place is taken by other allied and equally beautiful species. On the N. W. Coast, Chamisso only detected M. Aleutica, which is, perhaps, the one seen by Steller, whom Pallas mentions as having found M carulea " on the islands and continent of Ame- rica, opposite Kamtsckatko." nil II: ERICBiC:. UVeiuiuia. 8. M. AUuticai ibliiit liiicaribui obtuiis denticulatis cilintis, iloribiis (10-15) brcvitcr fructibus longc |)C(IiiiK'ulutiM, c-nlycilni.llis (uchrolt- ucU) glubris 8ubglol)0!iis, stigmate cum stylu cluvietbrnii leqiinli, — Cham, in Linnaa, v. I. p. 515. — M. (ibylicifolio. Fitch, in Herb, noatr. Hah. UiuUuohka. Chamimo. 5. M. gktndulijtora ; ilccundrn, foliis liaenribus obtusiit obsolete glaiuluhMis glundiilnso-ser- rulutisque, floril>iis('t-6)loiigiusculi-|M.-(Iiiiiculntis, piHluiiculociilycibiisaciiininutixcorollisque globoso-conicis (fluvis) glanduloMO-pubesccntibug, stylo incluso. (Tail CXXXII.) Hah. Hare in the Alpine woods and mountain! north of the Sniol (lowers are lon;;cr, uiul the style i* int'luded. 6. M, intenntdia ', decandra, foliis linearihuti obtusis obscure ginnduloso-serrntis, floribus [\-^) subionge peduncidatis, calycibus ncuniinatis basi sid)glanilulosis, coroilis (pullide ro- seis) cylindraceo-canipunulutis glubris, stylo incluso. Haii. Woods and open places in the Rocky Mountains. Dritmmond.—TYie lunger and less expanded co- rolla, included style, and acuminated calycine segments, distinguish this from M. Grahamii, as du the cam- panulute corolla, nearly entire leaves, and smaller size of the whole plant, from M, canilea. * • Foliis deciduis. 7. M. ^rn/<;iwea;octandru, foliis oblongo-luiiceolatis utrinque ncutis npicc glanduin api- culatn ciliato-serrutis supra piiis longis npprcssis strigosis subtus pnllidis glubriusculis ad cos- tnm paleaceis paleis subulatis, |)cdunculis glanduloso-pilosis, calycc 4-lobo lobis rotinulatis finibriato-glandulosis, corolla ovato-cylindracea. — Sm. Plant. Ic. t. 56. Haii. North-West Coast. Mr. Menzies. Mouth of the Columbia. Doiu/las. Dr. Scoulcr. Kalmia,] v.nw.F.M. 41 H. M, i/lohiiluriM ; octaiuirn, foVm dlmviilis ubtiiniit glundiila imK-idiiiitiM Irnni uttciiuatiw miiiiito ciliiito-M>rratiN Kupni 8iib|)ulM>iicciitil>iis HiibtiiN ^lauc'esicciitilius glal>ris coittii' pak'i* HiihiiltttiH minutix, )M;(liiiiciilifi glaiuliiloiis, calyce 4-lobo finibriutu glanibilosu, corolla ((IuIm>m»- eainpniiulatn. — '• Saliah. Parad. iMnd. t. 44." Pumh, Fl. Am, v, 1. p. 2(J4. Torrey, Ft, qf' I'll. St. V. 1. p. 395.— M. Sinitliii. Mich. Am. v. I. p. 235.— M. lerruginea, 0. Sim$, Hot. Mo,/, t. 1.J7I. lUti. Alpine wood) north of ih", bniukinK Uiver, in lut, 6ifl. Drummond. — Tliii pUut, uliioli (Iovh not appear to l>» known to any ui tlie liviuK American BotaniNt*, iu>en» nnvortlioli'M to liiivu itn vxten- Hive ranf(«, being found in PennNylvuniii by Muhlenberg, accordin;; to Punh, und on tlio lii;{h roountainN of Viririnin and Carolina by Mivhaux, acuordinK to Pursh and Dr. 8iniii, for Michaux'ii Flora ^\\w no atatloii. It ban been vultivattsd in the Kn|{li"h Oardenii, and Ihn Uotaniciil Majrnxine exhibitN an excellent repreten- tation of our plant. The roniitantly obovnte, more menibranuccuuit luitvefi, ((laucouH beneath, the compara- tirely obitolete iflandi* and liaira, and the dift'ercut iiliapo of the corolla, tvill surely abundantly dJHtin^ruiih thiH apecii's from tlit> trne M. ffrrinjineu, uliich in, bcMdei, excluaivt'ly a native of the hborca of the I'acilir. The latter becomes almostt black when dry; the former reinainit of a delicate green. />. KALMIA. L. (.'al. 5-partitii8, porsistons. Cor. rotato-canipnniilata, limbo .5-fido patents. Foveolm h sub linibu, uutlieras biporusas rocipicntes, extus totidem tuberculin prominulir. Stnm. basi corolliL' insurta. Anthvra niuticiu. Caps, .'i-locularis), 5-vnlvis: ilis.iepimeiita e niarf,'inibu.s introflexis valvarum. 1 . A'. latijulia; foliis petiolntis nlteiiiis tcrnatiscpie coriaccis ovali-laiiceolatis acutis utriuquc viridibus, coryinbis terminalibus pubcbcenti-glaiicis viscidis. — Linn, — Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 258. Curt. Dot, Mag, t. 175. Pursh, FL Am, v. \.p. 29(5. liigel. Fl, Boat, ed, 2, p, 169. Elliott, Carol. v.i.p.iSl. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St, v. \, p. 422. Had. Canada. Ptirsh, 2. K. anr/usti/olia ; foliis putiolatis ternatis oblongo-cllipticis obtusis coriaccis subtus sub- terrugineis, corynibis lateralibiis tcrniinalibusque, peduuculis calycibusque pubescenti-glan- diilosis. Linn. — Mich, Am, v. 1./a257. Curt. Dot, May, f. 331. Purah, Fl, Am, v, I, p. 296. liignl. Fl. Bust, ed, 2, p. 110, Hah. Throughout Canada, to Hudson's Bay. Michaux. Mrt, Ptrciml. Newfouudland. Mr. Cormack. Minn HrentuH, 3. K. fflaucn; rauiis ancipitibus, tbiiis oppositis subscssilibus obloiigis coriaccis glabcrri- Miis marginibus rcvolutis subtus glaucis, corymbis tennitialibus, pedum iilis culycibusqut- glaberrimis.— //»y. Hort, Knc, ed, 1. p. 64. /. 8. Mich. Am. i: I. p. 257. Curt, Bot, May. p, 177. Pursh, Fl, Am, v, \, p. 29(5. Biyel, Fl, Boat. ed. 2, p, 170. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. V. \. p, 423. — 3. rosmarinifolia; foliis linearibus margiuibiis iiiagis rcvolutis subtus vixglau- cis. Ph. — y, microphyllu; foliis vix sciiiipollicaribus subovalibus. Hau. «. and (3. throughout Canada, from Lake Huron, extending beyond the woody regions, but scarcely, 1 believe, to the Arctic Circle. Newfouudland Mr. Cormack. Dr. Morrison. Miss Orenlon. On low sivumpy grounds of the Columbia, near the Pacific, rare. Douglas. — y. Swarapa ih the Rocky Mountains, Drummond. vol.. II. F i'llK !lii li 49 ERICE/E. [RhoiUiiiendruii. 0. EPIGiEA. L. Cat. 5-pnrtitus, brnctcis tribus siifiultus. Cor. hypocraterifonnis, tubointus hirsuto, limbo pateiUe quinquefido. Stam. basi corollas insertn. Anthera rimis geminis lor.^itudine de- hiscentes. Sligma sublobatuin. Ca})s. 5-loculnris, 6-vaIvis, polyspermn; vnlvaruin niargini- luis introHexls dissepimenta formantibiis. I. E. repens; ramis (HMiolis nervoque hirsulissimis, tbliis .>r(Iato-<)vntis integerrimis, corollis cylindricis. — Linn. — Mich. Am. v. \. p. 250. Pursh, Ft. Am. v, I. p. 291. Ettiott, Carol. V. 1. ;>. 501. Biff el. Ft. Bost. ed. 2. p. 164. Torrey, Ft. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 428. Hab. Nowlbundlaad. Mr. Coimach. Dr. Morrison. Throughout Canada, {Mirhuur, Mrs. Percival, Mr. Sheppurd.) and as far ns the Saskatuhatvan. Diummond. 7. RHODORA. L. Cat. S-duiitatus, persistens. Cor. calyci adnata, ringens, subdipetala; pctalo superiort' profuiule bi-tripartitu, inferiore latlorc biiubo. Stam. declinatii; iilauienta inicqualia. An- thncB biporosii'. Caps. 5-locularis, 5-valvis, loeiilis polysperniis; dissepimcntis e niarginibus introflexis valvanim. I. Am. R. Canadensis. V. 1. p. 298. -Linn. — Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 25!). Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 744. Pursh, Fl. IIaii. Canada, near Sorel. Michntu. Newfoundland. Mr. Comiack, Attout Quebec. Mrs. Percival. Mrs. SHippiird. Lady Dalhousk. H. RHODODENDRON. Don. Torrey. Cat. profuude 5-partitus, persistens. Cor. infundibulirornii-cauipanulata, rarius rotata, limbo 5-lobo patt-nte lobis nunc subina^ualibus. Stam. 5-10, bypogyna, sa-pe dcclinata. AntltertB apice biporosse. Stigma capitatum. Capsuta 5-locularis, 5-valvi$; dissepimentis e niarginibus introflexis valvarum. Semina nrillata. * * Floribus pentandris [foliis dtciduis.) 1. It. nudiflorum ; submidiflorum, foliis lanceolato-oblongis utrinque glabriuscuiis conco- loribus nervo supra lanuginoso subtus setigero margine ciliatis, floribus aniplis non viscosis, tubo laciniis longiore, calycis dentibus brevibus ovali-subrotundis, staininibus longissime ex- sertis. Fh. — Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. I. p. 424. — Azalea nudiflora. Linn. — Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 180. Elliott, Carol. v.\. p. 2i0. Bigil Ft. Bost. ed. 2. p. 82.— A. pendymenokhs. Mich. Am. V. \.p. 151. Pursh, 11. Am. v, I. p. 1.53, Hah. Canada. Pursh. 2. U. viscosum; foliosiflorum, ramis hispidis, foliis oblongo-obovatis acutis utrinque gia- bris concoloribus nervo setigero margine ciliatis, floribus viscosis, tubo laciniis duplo lon- giore, calycis dentibus brcvissimis rotundatis, fllamentis corollae vix longioribus. Ph. — Tor- rey, Fl, of iJn. St. r. 1. /). 424. — Azalea viscosa. Linn. — Mich. Am. v. I. p. 150. Pursh, Ft. Am. V. \.p. 153. Elliott, Carol, v. I. p. 241. Bigel. H. Bost. ed. 2. p. S'i. H»Ti. Canada. Pursh. Rhododendron.] ERICEiE. 48 * * Floribua pkruinque dtcandrin. 3. li. maximums Mollis oblongis nciitis subtiis cliscoloribiis, umbellis terminalibus, calj'cis Inciniis ovalibus obtusis, coroUis ciimpnnulatis. Fh. — Linn. — Bot Marf. t. 951. Mich, Aw. v.\.p. 259. Pursh, Fl. Am. v.\.p. 297. Elliott, Carol, v. \. p. 433. liiffel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 168. Torrey, Ft. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 426? H*B. Canada. Fursh. N, W. Coast. Mr. Memies. Douglas. — Specimens without flower, with leaves a span long, and probably belonging to this species, were gathered by Mr. Douglas on the summit of tlie high mountains of the Grand Uapids, and on those forming the subalpine region of Mount Hood, but rarely. 4. li. Lapponicttm; humile, procumbens, ramis divnricntis, foliis persistentibus cllipticis obtusis rigidis foveolato-piinctatis subtus discoloribus lepidotis nmrginibus reflexis, floribiis liinbellatis 5-8-andris, corollis rotato-inrundibulifurmibus. — JVafd. Lapp. p. 104. Torny, FL of Un. St. V. 1. p. 426. Hook, Bot. Mag. t, 3106. — Azalea Lapiwnica. Linn. Fl. Lapp, p. 89. /. 6./ I. Pall. Fl. Boss. v. 2. p. 52. t. 70. f I. Had. Norton Sound. Nelson. Barren grounds from lat. 05° to the Arctic sea-shore. Dr. Ilichardson, and islands, Capl, Sir E, Parry. Summits of the Kocky Mountains, north of the Smoking River, lat. ,'iG°. Drummond. Labrador. Dr. Morrison. — This has been detected on the White Mountains of New Hampshire, United States, by Dr. Bigelow, and Dr. Boott, from whom, as well as from Mr. Greene, who gathered it in the same locality, I have fine specimens. 5. U. Kamtschaticmn ; humile, procumbens, foliis persistentibus oboviitis ciliatis venosis nitidis, cnlycibus amplis foliaceis, corollis rotatis, staminibus iongioribus. — Pall. Fl. Bosn, v, 1 . p. 48. /. 33. Cham, in Linnaa, v. \.p. 513. Hah. Unalaschka. C/tamisso. Banks' Island and Fort Edgecombe, N.W. Coast, lat. 63", (ill Herb, nostr.) Mr. Memies, a. B. albijlorum; erectuni, ibliis deciduis elliptico-lanceolatis integorrimis niembranaceis glabris in apicibus ramorum pedunculisquc fasciculatis, calycibiis subtbliaceis blspidis, corollis (albis) rotato-catnpanulatis, staminibus 10 erectis sequalibus. (Tau. CXXXIII.) Frutex 2-U-pedalis, erectus, raraosus, cortice fusco glabro tectus. Fulia in apicibus ramurnra fasciculata, decidua, mcmbranacea, elllptico-lanceolata, glabra, brevissinie petiolata, stipulata; stipulis ovatis, rocmbraiiu- ceis, concavis, deciduis. Pedunculi faxciculati, laterales et terminates, unciam longi,appresso-setosi, unitlori. C(|uans, 5-partitus, appresse setosus, lubis oblongo-lanceolatis siiblbliaceis. Stamina 10, isqualia, erectiuscula. Filamenla subulata, infeme hirsuta. Ovarium 5-lobum. Sfj/lus liir- sutus. Sliffma 5-tobum. Capsula coriacea, hirsuta. Semina scrobiculata. Had. Alpine woods of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. — A very beautiful nnd most distinct species, which would be a great ornamcut to our gardens if it could be introduced. Tail CXXXIII. Rhododendron albifloruni. — A. Flowering ^^ec\mn\, not. size; Ji{i. I, Flower; X'A iJ.C-aly.x, stamen, and pistil; ^fi/. 3, 4, Anthers; flij. 5, Section of the o\My;Jiij. 6, Stigma, winy/ii/ierf.— it. I'urtion of a fruit-bearing branch, with gemmiferous scales, whence the leaves of the following year arise ; fuj.l. Capsule, with its persistent calyx ;/!>/. 8, Capsule, bursting; /iV/. 9, " Seeds, covered with thoarlllus; fiij. 10, Seed deprived of the arillus;,A'j7. \\,^m\tr\'o;—maijniJicd. i!' 44 MONOTROPEiE. [ Tolmiea. <). AZALEA. Hon. Hook, (Azalete Sp. L.) Cat. 5-partitus. Corolla brevi-campanulata, regularis. Stam. 5, basi corollce insertti, recta, sequnlio. Antherw rima longitudinal! dehiscentes. Caps, 2-3-valvis, 2-3-locularis; dis- sepiinentis e niarginibus introflexis valvarum. — Frutex humilis, procumbem, ramoaissimus ; foliis per sistentibus parv is cor iaceis nitidis, Flores />arf«, racemosi, terminales, rosei. 1. A, procumbens, — Linn. — Pursh, Fl. Am, v, 1. p. 154. Engl, Dot, t. 865. Bigel, Fl. Boat, ed, 2, App. p. 82. Torrey, Fl, of Un. St. v, I. p, 232. H.4B. Barren grounds from lat. 65° to the Arctic Islands, Dr. Richardson. Captain Sir E. Parry, i;c. Newfoundland and Labrador. Dr. Morrison. Banks' Islands and Mount Edgecombe, lat. 6i". N.W. Coast. Mr. Menzies. — This has been found on the White Mountains of New Hampshire by Drs. Bigelow and Boott, and by Mr. Greene. 10. LEDUM. L. Co/. 5-dentatus persistens. Pe<. 5, patentia. Stom. 10, receptaculo inserta. Filamenta capillaria scqiialia, recta. Stigma 5-lobum. Capsula 5-locularis, 5-valvis, valvis e basi sur- siini dehiscentibus. Semina numerosa scrobiculuta. 1. L.palustre; foliis oblongis linearibiisve margine rcvolutis siilnus ramisque junioribus ferrugiiieo-tomentosis, stamina 5-10 corolla loiigioribus. Mich, — a, angustifolium, foliis linearibus, floribus decandris. — L. palustre. Linn, — Pursh, Fl. Am. v, \,p, 30. Hook, inFl. Land. 2d Ser, t. 210. — /3. latifolium; foliis oblongis staminibus non raro 5. — L. latifoliuni. Ait.—Jacq. Ic. Bar. v. 3. p. 464. Pursh, Fl, Am. t 1. p. 300. Bigel, Fl, Bost, ed. 2. p, 172. Torrep, Fl. of Un. St, V, p. 137, IIab. Chiefly in the more northern and barren regions. Dr. Richardson. Newfoundland. Miss Brentuit. Mr. Cormack. Labrador. Dr. Morrison. Kohlmeister. Hudson's Bay (/Jr. Richardson) to the Arctic sea- shore and Islands {Dr. Richardson, Captain Sir. E. Parry, ^c); often, however, mixed with specimens which cannot be distinguished from a. Cape Newenham. N. W. Coast, lat. i9". Mr. Menzies. Rocky Moun- tains. Drummond. Fort Vancouver en the Columbia. Dr. Scouler. Chamisso's Island in Behring's Straits. Chamisso. — Much used as a substitute for tea: the narrow-leaved var. is said by Dr. Richardson to bo preferred. Okd. LV. MONOTROPEiE. Nntt. 1. TOLMIEA. (not). Gen.) Calyx profunda 5-partitus, laciniis longis linearibus dcinum foliaceis persistentibus. Cor. 5-petala, petalis obovatis pateniibus deciduis. Stam, 10 hypogyna. Antherw basi insertse, biloculares, longitiidinaliter dehiscentes, fissura superne latiore. Ovarium globosum liberuni. Stylus elongatus, (siccitate) spiraliter tortus. Stigma dilatato-capiuitum. Capsula 5-loba, 5-iocularis, loculis medio longitudinaliter dehiscentibus. Beceptacula axilia. Semina nu- merosa, scrobiculata. — Frutex glahi:r, ramis lignosis cortice laxo deciduo ohtectis. Folia Pyrola. MONOTROPEiE. 45 sparsa decidua, in ramos articulata, lanceolata, mucronata, omnino sessilia, oblique o/)scure venosa. Pedunculi axillares, solitarii? uniflori, folio breviores, bracteati; bracteis linearibus. 1. T. occideiitalis. ._ ■ .,^bv, Hab. North- West Coast of America. Mr.Menzies. — Much as the flowers of this interesting plant accord in general structure with Pyrola, I can by no means consent to its forming a species of that Genus. The habit is totally different, and more like that of a Kalmia than a Pyrola, I have seen no other specimens in my Herbarium, except those (not very perfect ones) from Mr. Menzies. I have named the Genus in honour of Mr. Tolmie, one of my most zealous Botanical pupils, and now resident, as Surgeon in the Hudson's Bay Company's Service, in Puget Sound, N.W. America, where, it is to be hoped, he will rediscover this pkint, and enable us more fully to illustrate its history. ' 2. PYROLA. L. Cal, 5-fidus, seu 5-partitus. Pet. 5 decidua, erecta v. patenta. Stam. 10. Anthera apice insertiE, pendulae, apice subbicornes poris duobus superne dehiscentibus. Ovarium subglo- Iwsum 5-lobum. Stylus rectus vel curvatus. Stigma 5-lobum, nunc annulatum. Capsula 5-locularis, loculis medio longitudinaliter dehiscentibus. Receptacula axilia. Semina nu- merosa, scrobiculata. — Herbae vix suffrutescentes, humiles. Folia sempervirentia, subrotunda, rarius oblonga, longe petiolata, integerrima vel dentata. Scapus nudus vel squamosus, sim- plex. Flores racemosi rarius uniflori, albi, lutescentes vel rvbicundi. * Stylus rectus. Stamina erecta. 1. P. uniftora; caule unifloro, foliis orbicularibus serratis, stigmate magno lobis 5 erectis. —Linn.— Engl. Bot. t. 146. Mich. Am. v. I. p. 251. Pursh, Ft. Am. v. 1. p. 299. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 173. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. I. p. 454. Rich, in Franhl. IstJourn. ed. 2. App. p. 18. Hab. From Lake Huron (Dr. Todd) throughout Canada to lat. 64° (Dr. Richardson), and from New- foundland {Mr. Cotmack, Dr. Morrison, Miss Brenlon), and Labrador, {Kohlmeister, Dr. Morrison) to the woody country in the Rocky Mountains. Observatory Inlet {Dr. Scouler), and near Mount St. Helens on the West Co^t, in shady woods, but not nearly so common as on the east side of the Rocky Mountains. {Douglas.) 2. P. minor; foliis ovato-rotundatis crenatis, iloribus racemosis styli inclusi longitudine, stigmate dilatato lobis 5 radiatis. — Linn. — Engl. Bot. t. 158, ett. 2543 (P. rosea.) Pursh, Fl. Am. V. \.p. 299. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. \. p. 434. Hab. Canada. Mrs. Percival. Woods in the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Barren country from lat. (i+° to the Arctic Coast {Dr. Richardson) and Islands ( Captain Ross). Labrador. Dr. Morrison. Obser- vatory Inlet, N. W. Coast. Dr. Scouler. Unalaschka, Chamisso. — The American plant exactly accords with the European. Petals rounded, concave, not spreading. 3. P. sccunda; foliis ovatis acutis, floribus racemosis omnibus secundis, stylo exseito, stigmate dilatato 5-lobo. — Linn. — Engl. Bot. t. 307. Mich, Am. v. 1. p. 250. Pursh, Fl. Am. V. 1. p. 299. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 174. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 434. Eic/i. in Frankl. \st. Journ. ed. 2. App, p. 18. — /3. foliis angustioribus acuminatis. Hab. Throughout Canada to the Mackenzie River {Dr. Richardson), and from Newfoundland {Mr. Cor- It 1« MONOTROPEiE. [Pi/rola. mack, Mill Brenton), and Labrador (^Dr. Morriton), to the Height of Land on the Rocky Mountains ( Dtvut- tnond), and the shores of the Pacific, at the mouth of the Columbia {Douglas), and Observatory Inbt {Dr. Scouler.) Bay of Escbscholtz. Chamisso. — /3. Woods of Portage River, near La (irniide C'ule. Dnimmond. • * Stylus declinatus. Stamina adscendetitia. I. P. chlnrantha; foliis (parvis) rntundatis subintegerrimis petiolo brevioribus upiicis siibtus praecipue venosis, raccinn paucifloro, calycis (parvi) laciniis nvntis, nntheris poris tu- bulosis, stylo decurvo subflexuoso exserto annulate, disco InciniisScrcctis. (Tab. CXXXIV.) —Sw.Kongl Acad. Handl. p. 190. /. 5. Niitt. Gen. Am. v. I. p. 273. liich in Frankl. \st Journ. ed, 2. App. p. 13. (ear/, syn. P. asarifolise Mich.) Don. in I fern. Trans, v. 5. p. 232. — P. convoluta. Banks, (fide Don.) — P. asarifoliu. Torriji, Ft. of Un. St. r, 1. /*. t3.J. {excl. syn. Mich. Pursh et Gold.) Radix subrepcns, gracilis. Folia radicalia nut subradicaliu, orbicniaria, rarius vliiptica, petiulo dti|)lu br<>- vinra, coriacea, opaca, integerrima vcl obscure crenata, vix J uiiciam longa, supra obscure veiiosa, siibtus venis reticUlatis magis conspicuis. Scapus spitharoieus, nudus vcl squama pnrva solitaria instnictus. Ua- remus Mi-&orua. Flares undique vers! majuscnii. Calj/x parvus. Petala subpatentia olliptica. Ant/ime poris tubulosis. Sti/lus declinatus subflexuosus. Hah. Lake Winipeg (Douglas) to the Saskatchatvan and the Rocky Mountains, thence to Dear Luke. J)rummond. Dr. liicfiardson. Newfoundland. Aliss Brenton. Labrador. Dr. Morrison. — This is most allied to P. rotundifolia; but the leaves are smaller than their smallest state in that species, and singu- larly opaque. The dowers are nearly the same in size, but the calyx is much smaller and more appressed; ilie anthers have two tubular horns, at the top of which the pores arc situated. The style is shorter and li'Ks flexuo!>e. It agrees in every respect with an original specimen from i^wartz, and in America reems to lie |ieculiarly abundant in the latitude of the isaskatchawan, from Hudson's Bay to the Mountains. The /'. cltlorant/ia of Hook, in Parry's 3d Voy. App., should be referred to P. rotundifolia 5. pumila. Tah. CXXXW.—Fiff. 1. Flower; Jig. 2, Stamen ;Jig. 3, Back view of an Anther;^!/. 4, Pistil:— wia<7«t/?«/. ■). P. rotundi/olia ; foliis subrotundis coriaceis nitidis reticulatis petiolis brevioribus, scapo bracteato, racemo plurifloro, calj'cis foliolis elongatis membranaceis, untlieree poris non tubu- losis, stylo decurvo flexuoso exserto, stigmate annulato, disco laciniis 5 erecto. — Linn. — /■;///;/. Bot. t.2\3. Mich. Am. r. ]. p. 251? Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 293, Biyel. Fl. Bo.st. I'll. 2. p. 173. Torrty, Fl. ofUn. St. v. I. p. 432. — (3. uitarifolia; foliis majoribus reniformi- rotundatis. — P. asarifolia. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 251. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 299. Goldic in Kd. Phil. Journ. v. 6. p. 226. Don, in Hern. Trans, r. 5. p. 230. — y. floribus purpureo- roseis. — P. incarnata. Fisch. MSS. in Herb, nostr. — &. pumila; minor, stylo breviore minus (loxuoso. — P. pumila. Horn, in Linnrca, v. 1. p. Sit. — P. Gra-nlandica. Horn. Fl. Dan. f. 1817. Haii. tt. /3. '/. (which all appear to grow in the same situations) from Lake Huron (Dr. Todd) through. ii\it Canada to Bear Lake (Dr. Richardson), anA from Fludsou's Bay to the Rocky Mountains. Drttntmond. North-West ('oast. Douglas. Unalaschka and Kotzebue's Sound. Chamisso. — o. Labrador, Dr. Morrison. Arctic Islands. Ciipt. Sir E. Parry.— Very numerous specimens of this plant in my Ilerlmriuni have satis- lifd nie that, in regard to foliage, this is a very variable species, and that none of them can h ith prnpriety be Pi/roki.] MONOTROPEiE. 47 separated from P. rotundifolia ; whiUt some have their leaves less than an inch in leiij^th, others are more than 2^ inches long, and full 3 inches broad. The flowers are the same hape in all, and essentially distinguished from P. chlorantha by the much larger and more membranaceous calyx, by the anthers destitute of tubular pores, and the longer and more flexuose style. Sometimes the flowers are white, at other times deep rose- colour, with the n.nthers quite red. There cannot be a question, I think, but the broader and reniform-leaved variety is the true P. aaarifolia of Michaux, though some of the American Botanists have taken the P. chlo- rantha for it, which could hardly have suggested Michaux's name. (i. P. occidentalis; foliis siibrotundis tnembrnnaceis obsolete denticulntis petiolo simplici clu- plo longioribus, rncemo paucifloro, laciniis calycinis oblongis obtusis, stigmatis disco 5-Iobo. Don, ill Wern. Trans. — Brown, MSS. in Herb. Banks. Hah. Sledge Island, on the N. W. Coast. Nelson. — With this I am unacquainted, unless, as I cannot help Nuiipecting, it may be my var. pumila of P. rotundifolia, with which it sufficiently accords, and which is found in (Jnalaschka. Mr. Don says it resembles P. minor in general habit, but is much smaller, and pos- sesses characters widely different. 7. P. bracteata; foliis lato-ovatis acutis integerrimis seu laevissime crenatis coriaceis acutis nitidis, scapo subbisquanioso, racemo bracteato, bracteis lanceolatis acuminatis flore lon- •{ioi'ibus, calycis segmentis attcnuatis alabastro longioribus. Had. N. W. Coast. Dr. Scouler. — Of this I regret I possess but one specimen, and that only in bud, bear- ing two scapes, more than a span long; bracteas very long and much acuminated, as are the calyx-segments. Leaves 3 and 3^ inches long. 8. P. elliplica ; fuliis ellipticis membranaceis opacis obscure dentatis petiolo sublongiori- hus, scapo nudiusculo, calycis parvi laciniis ovatis, antlieree poris brevi-tubulosis, stylo de- curvo flexuoso exserto, stigmate annulato disco lobis 5 erectis. (Tab. CXXXV.) — NiUt. (.ien. Am. v. I. p. 273. Don, in Wern. Trans, v. 5. p. 233. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 433. — P. rotundifolia. Mich. Am. v.\.p.25\. Hab. Lake Huron, Dr. Todd, throughout Canada, Mrs Percival, to the Saskatchawan, Or. liichardsun. Drummond. — Well distinguished by Mr. Nuttall from P. rotundifolia, being very different in the foliage. The flowers are intermediate between those of rotundifolia and chlorantha, having the calyx of the latter, and the longer style of the former; the cells are a little produced below the pores. Blossoms exceedingly fragrant, white. Tab. CXXXV. — Fii;. 1, Flower, before the full expansion ;yf^. 2, Flower expanded, ^'^r. 3, Petal ;J>'(/.+, 4, Antbers;^3r. 5, Pistil. 9. P. (lentala; foliis oblongis coriaceis opacis remote dentatis inferne angustatis lungitu- dine petioli, scapo nudo, racemo subsecundo, pctalis erecto-patentibus, antherse loculis pau- lulum productis, stylo deflexo flexuoso exserto. (Tab. CXXXV'I.) — Sm. in aces' Cycl. — JJon, in IVcrn. Trans, v. 5. p. 235. Had. Nutka Sound, N. W. Coast, and Columbia River. Mr. Menzies. Tau. CXXXVI. — Fig. I, Flower; Jiff. 2, Anther;^?^. 3, Phti\ •.—magni^ed, 10. P. picta; foliis ovatis subserratis, floribus secuudis, antlierae poris contractis tubulosis stylo curvato, stigmate truncato disco 5-lobo. — Sm. in Itees' Cycl. (It 48 MONOTROPEiE. [Monotropa. Had. Nutka Sound, N. W. Coast. JUr Menxiei. — A solitary specimen of what 1 take to be this plant, I possess from Mr. Meniies, but I feel almost inclined to unite it with the preceding, differinfr, as it doen, only in the more second and more numerous flowers, and in the shorter leaves more abrupt at the base, with some obscure pale blotches on the upper side, and a reddish tint beneath. II. P. aphylla; foliis niillis, scapo basi iiqiiamato squamis lanceolatis metnbruiiaceis, ra- cenio elongate subsecundo, autiieroe \\ot\s tubulosis, stylo deflexo flexuosu, stigmate annii- lato disco dentibus 5 elongatis erectis. (Tab. CXXXVII.) — Sm. in Bees' Cycl. — Don, in IVern. Trans. V. 5. p. 227. Annua. Radix repens, ramosa, fibrosa, fibrig tomentosis. Fulia omnino nulla! Seapus erectus, pedalis, simplex, an;;ulatii!i, inferne priecipue xquamis lanceolatis erectis in axillig non raro (reminiferis, superne spi- raliter tortus, liacemus terminalis, elongatus, subsecundus; floribus majusculis nntantibus. Pedicelli loti- giludine flonim, basi bractea parva munita. Calycis laciniic ovatn acntae, petalis ovalibus concavis patii- Ijg :i-plo hreviores. Stamina sursum inclinata. Filamenta basi dilatata. Antherte obloDfrie basi acutie, medio et lateribus sulratie, superne curnibus duobus brevibus apice poro dehiscentibus. Ovarium globosum ; stylo arete deflexo flezuoso, apice anuuluto, disco dentibus 5 erectis. Hab. North- West Coast Mr. Mmzies. Fort Vancouver. Dr. Scouler. Plentiful in the dark shady pine woods among Hypnum, from Cape Mendocino to Puget Sound: it does not exist beyond 100 miles from the Coast. Douglas. Tab. CXXXVII.— FiV/i I, Flowerj/y. 2, 3, Stamens; Jiy. 4, Capsule; Jig. 5, Stigma:— »mr/jii^erf. .'J. PTEROSPORA. Nutt. Cat. a-pliyllus. Cor. motiopetala, ovata, 5-dentata. Stam. 10. Anthcra calcaratse. Capsula umbilicata, 3-locularis, .j-valvis. Semiiia apice alata. — Herba hrunnra, riscido-hii- mita. Folia squamiformia. Flores racemosi. I.indl. 1. P. Andromedea. — 'Sutt. Gen. Am. v. I. p. 269. Lindl. Collect. Bot. t. 5. Torrey, Fl. of Uii. St. V. \. p. 429. — Monotropa procera. Torrey, in Eat. Mem. of Bot. ed. 2. p. 324.. Hau. Upper Canada, near the Falls of Niagara. Mr. C. Whitlow (in Nutt.) Near Quebec. Mr. Goldit. Mrs. Percival. Mrs. Sheppard. Saskatchawan. Drummond, High mountains of the liraiid Rapids of the Columbia, in shady pine woods. Douglas. i. MONOTROPA. L. ( Monotropa et Hypopithyg, Nutt.) Cat. 0. Cor. i-.'j-petala: petalis basi ciicullatis. Stam. 8-10 liypogyiia. Antherre trans- versa", l-Iocularcs, bilabiata". S'^/V/wrt peltatum. Ca/>«. 4-Ji-locularis, 4— 5-valvis. Semina niimerosa, scrobiculata. — \\^irh^v parasitica, aphylla, succuleuta, siccitate niijrescetttes, .icapin .iffuamosis, racemofis rrl unifloris. I. M. Ht/popifhy.i ; <;lahni, floiibus racemosis. — Linn. — Enyl. Bot. f. 713. Pursh, Fl. .tm. V. \. p. 303. Torny, 11. (if Cii. St. v. 1. p. 431. — Hypopitliys Europjra. Nutt. den. Am. V. 1. />. 271. IIab. On the roofs of Bircli (/'»rs/i); iu the Pine Forests (iVu«.) of Canada. — Ihave nevcrseen Canadian spocimenn of this species ; and Dr. Torrey seems of opinion that the following must have been taken tor it. CAim<9»Ai/a.] MOMOTROPEA. 49 2. M. lanuginota ; pubetcenti-lanata, floribus racemosis. — Mich, Am, v. 1. p' 868' Pwah, Fl. Am. v.\.p. SOS. Elliott, Carol, v. \. p. 478. Torrey, v. I. p. 480.— Hypo- pHhys lanuginosn. Nutt. Hab, Canada. Wood of Portage River. Drummond. N.W. Coaat. Metuiei, 3. M. uniflora; glabra, flore solitario decandro. — L. — Mich. Am. v. i.p. 266. Purth, VI. Am. V. I. p. SOS. Elliott, Carol, v. I. p. 477. Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 85. Hab, Shady wood*, Canada. La the only Ath noticed in the Bottom Flora of Dr. Bigelow : but I have seen no specimens from Canada exactly according with Pursh's descrip- tion, that is, having the leaflets entire, shining, and glaucous beneath. Some of the leaves are deeply serrated, 4. F. pubeicem ; foliolis petiolatis elliptico-ovatis serratis subtus petiolis ramulisque to- mentosis, floribus calyculatis (Ph.), samaris oblongis obtusissimis emarginatis sensim in basin brevem teretem attenuatis. — WaU. — Ph. Fl. Am. v. 1, p. 9.— F. tomentosa. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. t. 119, — /3. foliolis subintegerritnis. Hab. Canada. Ph. Saskatchawan. Drummond.— H. Banks of the Columbia. Douglas, Dr. Scouler. Ord. LVII. APOCYNEiE. Br. 1. APOCYNUM. Br. Apocvm tp. L. Cor. campanulata. Tubus denticulis 5 acutis inclusis, laciniis limbi oppositis. Faux nuda. Stam. inclusa. Antherae sagittatae, medio stigmati cohserentes, lobis posticis poUine vacuis. Ovaria 2. Styli subnulli. Stigma dilatatum, apice conico. SquamoB 5 hypo- gynse. Folliculi graciles, distincti. — Herbse^eren»e«, erecUe. Folia opposita, membranacea. Flores eymosi. Br. 1. A. androsamifolium ; foliis ovatis supra glabris, cymis terminalibus lateralibusque, tubo corolla; cnlycem bis superante. — Linn. — Mich. Am. v. 1, p. 121. Rich. App. p. 9. Hab. Canada and throughout the woody country ; Hudson's Bay. Dr. Wright. — Leaves pubescent be- neath in all my specimens which are from various parts of N. America. 2. A. cannabinum; foliis oblongis utrinque acutis glabris, cymis paniculatis, calyce tubum corolla; sequante. Linn. (Tab. CXXXIX.)— Br Torrey, Fl. v. I. p. 276. Ell.—^. foliis subtus pubescentibus. A. cannabinum. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 122? PA. Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 179? — -A. pubescens. Torrey, Fl. v. I. p. 276. (vix Br.) Hab. Canada. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. — Michaux seems to have misled some of the American Bota- nists by describing the underside of the leaves as " candicanti-tomentosa" — a circumstance common enough in A. androsamifoliurn, but of rare occurrence in A. cannabinum, of which I have only seen one specimen, and that from Lexington, Kentucky, with its leaves downy beneath. The two species are truly distinct in the shape of their leaves, and the relative length of the calyx and corolla. Tab. CWXIX.— Fig. 1, Fruit:— na/. size. ASCLEPIADEiE. [Aid«pia$, 3. A. ■hyperieifblitun; foliis cordato-oblongii glabrit semilibus muoronatis, cymii folio brevioribui, oalyce tubutn corolla ffiquante. — (Tab. CXL.) — AH. Hart. Kew, v. l.p.SOi. Purth, FL Am. v. I. p. 179. Torrey, Fl. Am. v. I. p. 876. — A. Sibiricum. Jacq. Hart. v. S. p. 66. (non Pall. J — /3. foliii lotioribus. Hab. Throughout Canada to the Safkatchawan. Dr. Richardson, Drummond. Laku Huron. Dr. Todd.—fi, Woat side of the Rocky Mountain*. DouglaL—TMn ia a itouter and moru upright-growing plant, and let* branched, than the preceding; but the upper leave* arc aomotimei acute at the baae, and ■lightly atalkod, and then it ia with difficulty diatinguiahod from A. catmabinum. Of the var. f3. Mr. Doug- laa obaervea that the flax ia uaed by the triboa reaiding on the woat aide of the Rocky Mountain* to make their fiahing-not*. They are atrong, buoyant, and anawer the purpo*e extremely well. Tab. CXL.— Fig. I, Flower iflg. 8, Stamen* -.Jig. a, PigUI ■.-magnified. Ord. LVIII. ASCLEPlADEffi. Br. ASCLEPIAS. Br. Abcl. tp. L. Corolla 5-partita, reflexa. Corona summo tubo filamentorum impositn, 5-phylla, foliolis cucullatis, e fundo exerentibus processutn aversuni corniformem. Anthera membrana ter- minatse. Maaaa pollinia comprcssa;, apice attenuato affixse, pendula>. Stigma depressuni inuticiim. FoUiculi (plerumque) leeves. Setnina comosa. — HerbsB Amiricana erecta. Folia oppoaita nunc alterna! vel vertieillata, Utnbellae interpetiolarea. Br. * Folia aemper oppoaita. 1. A. Syrimra; caule subsimplici, foliis oblongo-ovalibus ovntisve acutis subtus tomento- sis, utnbeliis multifloris, corona? foliolis ovatis obtusis cornu longioribus intus bidentatis, folliculis muricatis. — Linn. — Purah, Fl. Am. v, \. p. 181. Torrey, Fl. v. \. p. 279. — 18. Mich. Am, V. \.p. 11 4. Hab. Canada {Mrs. Percival, Mrs. Shepperd) to the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson, Drummond. Lake Huron. Dr. Todil. 2. A. variegata; caule erecto simplici, foliis ovatis brevi-petiolatis, umbellis terminalibus, coronce foliolis obovatis sul)cucullatis patentibus cornu ucuminato brevioribus intus btisin ver- sus bidentatis. — «. major; foliis utrinque glabris, umbellis densifloris, coronse fuliulis late obo- vatis cornu latissimo rostrato. — A. variegata. L. — Bot. Mag. t. 1 182. Purah, Fl. Am. v. 1 . p. 181. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 317. Torrey, Fl. v. 1. p. 281.— A. hybrida, Mich.— 13. mi- nor; umbellis laxis paucifloris, foliis subtus praecipue pubescenti-tomentosis, coronae foliolis obovatis cornu angustiore minus evidenter rostrato. (Tab. CXLI.) Hab. /3. Carlton Houae Fort. Dr. Richardson. Plains of the Bed River and banks of the Assinaboiiiv. Douglas. — The uaual state of this plant I have not *een from British America; nor am I sure that I aui correct in considering this a variety of that species. It is smaller in every part ; the leaves very downy beneath, and more obtuse at the base ; and there are the difFerences mentioned above in the inflorescence and flowers. The shape of the horn, however, in the solitary specimen I have from Mr. Douglas, >!> much broader, and more like that of the true A. variegata, than it is iu Mr. Drummond's plants. Tab. CXLI. — Fig. 1, Flower -./ig. 2, Leatlet of the Corona with its horn -.—tnagnified. Aiel^ias.] ASCLEPIAOEiE. 58 3. A, Dougkuii; caule subtiinplici, foliis cordato-ovatis acutis subtui umbellis multifloris calyce corollisque denie tonientmii, coronue foliolis ovatis lon^e acuminatis cornu longi* oribiu intus bidentatis. (Tab. CXLII.) Hai. On low point! of land on the banks of struunii, west sido of tho Kocky Mountains ; rare. i)ouglat,—L.etirot somewhat ntsembling tho last species, but broader and more coriaceous. Thit flowers thrice as lari^e, and also renmrkable for the groat length of the coronal leaflet. Tab. CXLII.— F117. I, Flower ; Jig. 2, Leaflet of the corona with its horn. 4. A. nivea; caule erecto simplici, foliis lato-lanceolatis acuminatis membranaceis glabris subtus pallidioribus, umbellis multifloris laxis, coronnc foliolis truncatis dentatis cornu bre- vioribus, folliculis Imvibus. — Linn, — Bot. Mag, t. 1187. Pitrsh, Fl, Am, v, \, p, 181. — P. phytolaccoides. Ijyon. — Purth, Fl. Am. v,\, p, \90. Elliott, Carol. t\\. p. S\9, Torrey, Fl. V. 1. p. 280. Hab. Canada. Dr. Holmes. — I have received the fruit, which is very rare and had not been seen by Dr. Torroy, from Dr. Darlington. The figure in tho Bot. Magazine is excellent; and I think I am correct in uniting Pursh's A. phj/tolaceoidet with A. nivea. 5. A. viritlijtora ; caule simplici pubescente, foliis ovalibus oblongis lanceolatisve subses- silibus apiculatis subtus pra>cipue pubescentibus, umbellis lateralibus densissime multifloris siubsessilibus, coronee foliolis oblongis retusis erectis appressis durso canaliculato longitudinc columnar cornu nullo. (Tab. CXLIII. A.) — Itqf. — Purah, Fl. Am. v. 1. p, 181. Torrey, Fl. V, I. p. 204'. — A. obovatn. Ell.— 13. lanceolata; foliis elongato-lanceolatis crispatis. (Tab. CXLIII. B.) — A. iongifolia. Mich. ? — A. lanceolata. Ives, in SiUim. Journ, Hau. Head of Lake Eric. Mr.Goldie. About Carlton House Fort, both «. and f3. Dr. Richarctton. fi. Banks of the Red River, Douglas. — Exceedingly variable in the form and length of its leaves. The species agrees with Gomphocarpus in the absence of the horn to the leaflets of the corona, but differs in the smooth follicles. The leaflets of the cjrona are singularly erect, oblong, retuse, channelled down the back : the margins incurved and united by their lower half with tho neck of the column, each having a. small auricle on either sido, at the top of the juncture. Tab. CXLIII. — Fig. I, Flower ;yii(7. 2, Portion of the corona, seen from within -.—ittagnified. 6. A. incarnata; pubescens vel glabra erecta ramosa, foliis oblongis lanceolatisve, um- bellis terminalibus plurimis ssepe geminis, columna elongata, coronae foliolis erectis ovali- bus obtusis cornu subuluto incurvo brevioribus. — L, — Mich, Am, v, I. p. 115. Elliott, Carol. V. 1. p. 320. Bot. Reg. t, 2.50. Torrey, Fl, r. 1. p. 281. Hab. Throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardton, Drummond. — Extremely variable in tho length, and breadth, and downiness of the foliage ; generally quite glabrous. Frequently, when the stem is otherwise glabrous, a hairy line runs along one side of it. The figure in Bot. Register is excellent. All that I have received from the American Botanists as A. anusna, I cannot distinguish specifically troni the present; indeed, the species of this genus have been very ill defined, and require careful revision. The leaflets of the corona and the horn appear to aflbrd some of the best marks of distinction. The A. amana of Sweet's Fl. Garden, t. 82, seems to me referable to a deep-coloured state of A, Sgriaca. 'i hi M OENTIANEi«. [Otnliami. 1. A.quadr\folia; cnuleerectotimplicipaucifoliato, folii*ovatiiacuminatiiciliatiHop|)otiti« ■ubverticillati8que pt'tiolntii, umbellit terminalibuH lolitariifl v. geminis luxii, corona* foliolia patentibus oblongis obtusis inttis basin versuii bidentatii curnu lonfj;iuribu8. Jact/. Oba. it. p. 23. Pur»h, FL Am. v. 1. p. 188. EUMt, Carol, v I. /;. 319. Torny, Fl. v. I. p. 283. Hab. Canada, J)r, Beck. ^ * * Folia apama seu verticillata. 9. A. tuherosa; ercctn riimoHu pilosn, Ibliis alternis lanccolutis suWssilibus, iimbelli!i numerosis terininalibus liixis, coroiiip t'uliolis vreclis lunceolutis intus bideritatitt longitudine cornu subuliiti stricti. — L. — Mich. Am. v. I. p. 117. Pursh, FL Am. v, I. p. 183. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 325. Dot. Heg. t. 76. Torrey, Fl. v. \. p. 286. Hab. Laki' Iliiron. Dr. T'or/rA— Koadily diatinguiihod by itR lilturiiattt loavca und Ijright orange-col- ourod llowcrfl. i). A. verticillata; crectii simplex gracilis, fuliis sparsis verticillatiMjue lincuribns, nnibeili!) tcrininaiibus axillaribusquc, coliimna hreviuscula, coronw foliolis ovnlibus cucuilutis cornu curvuto brevioribiis.— (Tad. C\L\\.)—L.—Mich. Am.v. \. p. ll«. Pursh, Fl. Am, v. 1. p. 189. Elliott, Carol, v. \. p. 324. Torrey, Fl. v. I. p. 284. Hab. Abundant on tho alluvial plaini oftho Red Kivor, and banks of tho Saakutchawan, nuar Carlton Houie. Douglas. Tab. CXLI V. — Fit/. I, Flower ijltf. 2, LcoHct of tho corona, with its horn :— magnified. Ohi>. LIX. GENTIANEiE.* Jwm. Tril). I. SwERTiE.T,. lufloresrentia fucemi/ormis, Sepala »uhlib(ra, membrana scariota iHtracuhjcinn juncta. Aiitherrc itnuiutattr, lima loculormn suraum dehiacente. Capaula co- rolla marcesceiite pleruMf/ue cincta, placentia I. cum eiidocarpio valvula connatia {aemina ex ipaia valvulin oriunda,) I. in autura valvularum apongioais unilocularia, I. rariaaime placenta ceutrali hilocularia. Corolla caereula, ochrokuca, I. purpuraacena, aapiaaime punctis con- speran. — Herbee, plertpque zonam arcticam aubarcticam, tractuague alpinoa, pauca temper- ataa terras incolentcs. I. GENTIANA. L. Fovea cpipetalo; glanduliferse U. Filamenta basi a-qunlin. Stigmata terminiilia. Cap- .wla unilocularis, placentis cum cndocnrpio connatis. Sectio I. CvANE, lien.— Corolla plied intermedid aucta, eglanduloaa;, lobi cum tubo con- tinui. Stigmata diatincta, revoluta. Capaula atipitata. Testa aapiua ala diacolori cincta. Herba perennea. ' I am indebted to the kindnen of Dr. Griwbacb for the fblloning account of ihe Vriti«b North American Gen. tianea, which he has drawn up purpoaely for Ibii work. (ifnlioHa.] OENTUNEiE. 55 • Corolla riavata npirf rimnivtnte. 1. (i. SaiHjnaria (L.): cuuL "soendcrite, Wiis ovato-lanc«<>lnti« obuvatiique marline »c«- brU, floriliu!* ii}i-ncteatis, uilytiii integri lobis iubum !iulNL>quaritibuii, corulliu cyunea lobis ovutin nbtiisis plicw (fissii) ilupio longioiilms, antheris connntis gcmi- nil»us iinguste iilutiN. L.Sp.Pl. I. />. 330, ynrlu.io ritat. Pluku.) Lt/m. Encyd. 2. p. filH. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. p. III. Sima Dot. May. I. I()3I> (cxcl. syn. I'roel. tt Mich.) Piirsh, FL I. p. 185. (cxcl. cit. Aiidr.)—{j. Cutesliii'i. fVaU.p. 109. Nutt. \. p. 172.— G. fimbriiitii. /«/(/, Symb, 3. p. iO.—iS, linearis; foliis lincari-lancculutis, niillicris demuni liln'ris. — G. CntC!.l)Dei. FJL I. 331) — O. linearis. I'roel. Mon. p. 37. Purs/i, I. p. 18«.— (J. Piioumon- anthf. Mir/i. I. ;;. I7tt. — G. psoudopncunionnnthi-. //. .'). et p, Hfl.— G. pulwrnln. Mic/i./ \.p. 176. IIab. — ,i. liAit hoc'ii (.'olloctnd in Caniiclii, (Mrt. Percival,) in ilii- iici(fliljc)iirhi)ocl nf Quuhoc, mitl ut Luke St.Clmrlot. Mr.Shepjmril. Ihiivii ncuii Hpociincna ot'tlio broud-li'iivud var. I'rniu us I'.tr riurtliwuril i»» Mary- land ; l)iit it iitidouliludly ucciim with it* variuty ,i. at tho abovo-muntinnud iilucon, as tlioy by no iuean» spociHcally ditt'or from nacii othor. I uiii (u.'rtaln that this ii tho truo (•. Sa/iorinria of Liiinciis j for his diugnosia, uiid thu drawinga which ho (|uutos, viz. thoto of Catosliy ((,'arol. I. t. 7U) and of Mcirisoii (vol. .'J. sect. 12. t, :>) Jouvo no doubt of it. Tho i|iiotation of Flukoiiut is, iiowuTor, orronoons. 'I'hu fidse cseruleae lobis ovato-triangularibus basi superincumbenti- bus acutissimis setula terminatis (margine Isevibus) tubo ex basi lata sensim sequaliter am- pliato triplo brevioribus. (Tab. CXLIX.) — 0. densiftora; floribus tribus terminalibus ap- proximatis, foliis caulinis cordato-ovatis 1. cordato-lanceolatis obtusiusculis, sepalis duobus maximis corollae tubum aequantibus 1. superantibus, minoribus anguste lanceolatis abbrevi- atis. (The colour of the flowers is, perhaps, also different, since all the corollse of this variety have kept their bright blue, as the colour was stated by Mr. Drummond; while the specimens from the Arctic sea-coast have now whitish flowers, with a violet tint here and there.) Tab. CXLIX. B.B. Radix tenuis, simplex, curve descendens. Caulis basi infra ramiiicationein foliis quibusdam rosulatus; rami intequales, partim dccumbentes, partim descendentes, medius plerumque msgor erectiusculus '2-3un- cialis, minores unciales, omnes 3-(rarius 1) flori, unico pari foliorum instructi, teretiusculi. Folia ima obovatcMiblonga obtusa 1. clliptico-oblonga acutiuscula, margine ad lentem tcnuissimo serrulata, (6-8" longa, 3" lata;) caulina supra medium ramum sita, ovato-oblonga, sessilia, acuta, ssepc acutissima, (G-9" loHga, 2-4" lata.) Pedicelli latcrales ex axillis foliorum caulinorum 2-C^ longi; pedunculus terminalis 8-1*2". loiigus, cbracteatus. Calyx fero ad basin divisus, sepalis foliis caulinis simillimis. Corolla i'uiv uiiciatis, infundibuliformi-hypocrateriformis, tubo hasi 2"', apice 4'"- lato. Filamenta alata, basi latiorst. Anthero! parvie, oblongoe, violacciB, incumbentcs. Ovarium oblongo-lineare, stamina corotlaeque tubum requans. Stigmata '2 oblongo-lincaria, revoluta, ovario imposita, quam in ceteris Arctophilis longiora. Capsula oblongo-linearis, corollam marccscentem eequans, seminibus minutissimis fuscis applauatis joevibus exalatis in utraque valvula biserialibus. — Species ludit sepalis cequalibus; etiam scapis unitloris cwspitosis. 62 QENTIANE^. [OtHtiana. Hab. Arctic Sea-Coast. Dr. Richardton, fi. Rocky Mountains. JUr. Drummond, — This affords an- other instance of the occurrence of the same species at the level of the sea in the north, as well as at a certain height in lower latitudes. It approaches nearly to G. propingua. Rich., but it seems to differ constantly, since its exterior habit, and the manner of its ramification, is indeed anything but analogous. In Chamisso's specimens of the latter species, the lobes of the corolla are lanceolate, and not super- incumbent, at their base ; but, among that great series of specimens which have been collected on Capt. Franklin's expedition, are to be found flowers wholly similar to those of O, arctophila, differing, indeed, only in having their corolla always much slenderer and narrower at the base of its tube, as well as some- what serrated at its lobes. Tab. CXLIX.— .\. var. «. B.B. var./3.— i^i^. 1, Flower of ^i Jig. S>, The same laid o\)f>n\— magnified. 16. G. propinqua {R\c\\.); caule gracili bosi flogellifero superne subsimplici, foliis imis spathulatis, superioribus oblongo-lanceolatis lanceolatisque acutis, sepalis margine Isevibus basi junctis vaklc intequnlibus, binis ovatis acutis tubum corollse (cquantibus, binis lanceo- lato-linearibus brevioribus, corollse 4-(5?)-(idffica;ru]e8B lobis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis- simis setula terniinatis (margine hinc setulosis) tubo obconico fere duplo brevioribus. (Tab. CL.) — iiichardson in Narr. of a Journey by FranU. p. 734. — G. Rurikiana. Cham, el Schlecht. in Linnaea, 1. p. 176. — G. setiflora. Bff. I. c. p. 242. t. 9./. 4. — 13. densiflora; floribus terminalibus aggregatis a foliis floralibus involucratis, foliis caulinis ovato-oblongis obtusis, foliis radicalibus spathulatis rosulatis, flagellis erectiusculis foliosis apice densifloris caule dimidio minoribus, caule humiliori. Had. Alpine swamps in the Rocky Mountains {Mr. Drummond), together with the variety. Cumber- land House to Bear Lake, and Bear Lake River. Dr. Richardson. Fscholtz's Bay. Chamisio. — This species is chiefly characterised by a great many small branches or flagclla, which rise from the axillte of the radical leaves, and from the inferior ones of the stem. They arc very slender, one or two inches long, commonly with one pair of leaves and one terminal flower, which is considerably smaller than the flowers of the stem. There are specimens with twenty such branchlets. This species grows along with G. acuta, Mich., some forms of which arc sd strikingly like this plant, that one would easily think them not specifically different, the more so as the beard of G. acuta sometimes almost totally disappears, and the existence of glands between the filaments in the section Arctophila is also variable. The cuspidate lobes of the corolla, however, afford a character which never fails. — The original specimens did not present a 5-clefl corolla; but this is a point of no value at all in this group of Gentiance, and Chamisso's and Richardson's plants arc quite the same. In the drawing of Mr. Bungo, the shape of the leaves, and of the lobes of the corolla, is not well given. — The variety /3. is in fact so similar to G. aleutica, Cham., that it is impossible to distinguish them in any other way than by the calyx, the lobes of which are regular in the latter, and united in a tube half as long as themselves. Also, the leaves of the stem are still larger and more stem-clasping. It seems that the constancy of these characters is still to be proved by investigations on the spot. Transition forms between that variety and the common appearance of G. propingua. Rich., are frequent. Tab. CL.— fi^. 1, Flower;^*/. 2, The same laid open: — magnified. 17. G. quinquejlora (Lam.); caule vegeto a basi ramoso, ramis oppositis, foliis imis obo- vato-iinearibus paucis, ceteris cordato-ovatis (acutissimis) 5-7 nerviis, calycis corolla qua- druplo brevioris lobis subulatis icqualibus margine scabriusculis tubum tequantibus, corollae 5 fidse cseruleac lobis triangularibus acutissimis setula terminatis (margine Isevibus) tubo Cfentiana.] OENTIANEiG. 0B obconico quadruple brevioribus. — Lam. Encycl, 2. p. 643. Bot. Mag, t, 3496. — G. quin- quefolia. L. Sp. 1. p. 333. — G. amarelloides. Mich. I. p. 177. Purah, I. p. 186. Hab. Canada. JUra. Percival. — The apecimens differ somewhat from the common form, in having blunt leaves and a divaricating infloresence. 18. G. tenuis (Griseb.); caule stricto subsimplici, foliis linearibus obtusis (mucronatis), sepalis margine scaberrimis bosi vix junctis inaequalibus longioribus tubum coroUse aequan- tibus, corollae 4-fid8e albidce (?) lobis ubiongis obtusissitnis mucronulatis tubo cylindrico duplo brevioribus. (Tab. CLI.) ' ^ Radix tenuis, doscendens, ramosa. Caulit spithameus 1, podalis, strictissimus, subsimplox, teretiuscu- lus, a basi ad apicem wqualitor foliosus, basi rubicundus. Jntemodia ima semiuncialia, cetera uncialia. hinc sosquiuncialia. Folia exacte linearis, basi latiuscula, apice rotuudato mucronulato, 1. cuspidato, 1. acuminato, obsolete trinervia, margine ad lentcm croberrime serrulata, obscure viridia, basi connato-am- plcxantia, (unciam longa, 1-1^'" lata.) Floret tonucs, parvi, in axillis iuperioribus subsessilos, crecto-ap- pressi: terminalis longius pedicellatus. Sepala lanceolata, acuminata. Corolla sicca albida, infundibuU- formi-hypocrateriformis, (5'" longa, 1^-2'" lata.) G/ane/u/(e inter basin lilamentorum. Capilli hinc S-5 tcnues in lobis corollw. Genitalia tubum eequantia. Anlhera rotundw, incumbentes, Oermen eliipticum, stigmatibus parvulis vix revolutis. Capsula — f Hab. At the Mackenzie River. Cumberland House to Bear Lake. Dr. Richardson.— There is no species of the least analogy with this in the group of Arctophila, the appearance boin^ exactly that of 6. Amarella, or O. acuta ; but as glands occur between the filaments, which have not been observed in the group of Endotricha, and on the other hand, as there is seldom a trace of a beard in the corolla, it will be more convenient to bring this species into this group, although it must be observed that it unites most naturally with that of 6. Amarella. Besides, it differs from the latter by the peculiar form of the leaves, and of the lobes of the corolla. Tab. Chi.— Fig. 1, Flower;^flr. 2, VnixV.— magnified. Sectio V. Endotricha, Bg. — Corolla plica intermedia destituta, eglandulosa, hypocra- teriformis, corona fimbriarum aucta. Stigmata distincia, revoluta. Capsula sessilis. Semina globosa, exalata, — Herbce annua. 19. G. tenella (Fries); caule basi ramoso, ramis nudis elongatis unifloris, sepalis obtusis duobus majoribus, corollse 4-fidaB tubo cylindrico lobos subsequante. — Fries, in Act. Hafn. 10. />. 436. — G. glacialis. Thorn, App. Vill. Delph. 1. App. 532. — G. dichotoma. Pall. Ross. 2. p. 110.— G, borealis. Bg. I. c. p. 257. t. 10./ 2. Hab. At Bchring Strait, on the shore of the sea at Kotzcbue's Sound. Chamisso. — This form is a foot high, and very straight ; the scpala arc almost as long as the corolla : on which differences Mr. BungL- established his G. borealis. But the same appearance occurs not only in Norway, but sometimes also in the Alps, and there is no constancy in these characters. 20. G. acuta (Mich.)j caule gracili erecto ramoso, foliis connato-vaginantibus, inferiori- bus oblongo-spathulatis, superioribus oblongo-lanceolatis acutissimis, calyce subaequali cu- rollain dimidiam vix cequante. — Mich. Bor. Am, 1. p. 177. — G. plebeja. Bg, I. c.p. 250. t. 9,f, 5. — G. Amarella. \Richards. in Narrat. I.e. — /3. stricta, caule 2-4 pedali, racemis axillaribus strictis elongatis erectis, calyce insequali, foliis eequalibus, floribus siccis ilaves-. centibus. 64 OENTIANEiG. [Otittiana. Hab. «. and /S. Canada to the Rocky Mountdni and Slave Lake. Miehmuc, Dr. Richardson, DougUu, DrummontL—The common appearance it much more slender than in the drawing of Mr. Bimge, the leaves are narrower and the branches shorter ; but the same form as that from Unalaschka occurs also in the Rocky Mountains. This species is extremely like our Q, Amarella; it seems, however, to differ constantly in the way the leaves embrace the stem. In O. Amarella the lamina of the two leaves ends at that point where they are aifized to the stem, so that they are separated from each other by an interstice formed by the stem; while in O. acuta the bases of both leaves touch each other without any interstice, so that the substance of the loaves itself is somewhat connate : this character seems to be invariable throughout all those numerous forms in which these species are so rich; the upper leaves of O. acuta are, besides, always longer and more acute, and the leaves near the root are more or less spathulate, while in O, Amarella the leaves are always more equal in the same individual; the beard of G. acuta is longer and thinner, so as to disappear almost wholly here and there; the flowers are somewhat smaller; the calyx is shorter and more unequal; the stem more angular, and commonly almost winged. Besides, most of its forms are much stifFer, taller, and more branched ; the stem often produces such slender and numerous branchlets from the under axillae as has been mentioned above of O. propingua, — 6. acu/a, Nutt., which has been doubtfully re- ferred to Gr. campestru, certainly is the species of Michaux, which seems the only one of EndolrichcB widely dispersed through the northern parts of the new continent, and the varieties of which arc as mani- fold as those of O. Amarella. Sectio VI. Crossopetalum, Froel. — Corollee, plica intermedia deatitutce, glandulis inter basin JUamentorum auctcB, lobi cum tubo continui I. expansi tnargine Jimbriati. Stigmata lata orbiculata diatincta. Capaula stipitata I. baai attenuata. Testa exalata aculeis mol- libua tccta {t. rarius leevis.) — HerbcB annua et perennes. 21. G. detonsa (Fries.); caule stricto, pedunculis superne nudis, folils oblongoknceo- latis linearibusque basi attenuatis, corollte lobis tubum subaequantibus oblongis rotundatis margine versus apicem serratis medio ciliato-pectinatis basi integerrimis, seminibus acule- atis. — Fries, in Act. Hqfn. I. c. t. 1. /. 3. — G. brachypetala. Bg. I. c. p. 225. 1. 11./. 3. {specimen deftoratum.) — G. ciliata. Gunn. Norv, 2. p. 88. t. 2./. 3-5. — G. serrata. Gunn. 2. p. 101. {forma cor. f>-fida.) Fl. Dan. 317. — 18. barbata, radice bienni, caule erecto ra- moso, foliis caulinis longissime acuminatis, corolla dupio majori, stigmatibus ovario obovato inipositis (in planta sibirica; in americana plerumque ovarium ellipticum et stylus con- spicuus.) — G. barbata. Froel. p. 114. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 639. — G. ciliata. Pall. Ross. 2. t. 92. y^ 2. — y. simplex, radice bienni, caule simplici unifloro gracillimo superne nudo, co- rolla ut in /?., foliis imis lineari-spathulatis, superioribus linearibus. G. barbata, simplex. Bg. I. c. p. 224. t. 9./. 1. — G. intermedia. Richards, ms. Hab. Huron Lake. Dr. Todd. Slave Lake, passing into /3. Dr. Richardson. Edmonton House to Carlton House on the Saskatchawan. Mr. Drummond. Arctic sea-shore. Dr. Richardson. — /3. Canada. Mrs. Percival, Mr.Sheppard. Huron Lake. Dr. Todd. Banks of the Maitland River. Mr.Js.Macnab. Cumberland House to Bear Lake. Dr. Richardson. Saskatchawan and Rocky Mountains, — with forms ))assing into a. and /3. Mr. Drummond. — The name given by Fries is the oldest one for this polymorphous species: the variety, which has been nicely drawn by Mr. Bungo, proving that there are no certain limits between O. barbata, Froel. of the Altai, and O. detonsa. Fries, of the Arctic Zone and Lapland. This was the more clearly shown by the large collection of American specimens which I have been able to examine: Plturogyne.] OENTlANEiE. 65 evon the ahapo of the ovarium, which I connidored before to afford conatant charactera, ia here not lea* fal- lible than the regularity or irregularity of the calyx, aa well aa the large size of the tiower. It aeema to depoiiil upon the nature of the locality, whether the root be biennial or annual. — The American G, bar- bata differs somewhat from the Altaic form, by the lower leaves being more blunt, and by having a dia. tinct stylo and nearly equal calyx. Though these characters are by no means constant, one may form, on these grounds, an American variety; but we And, hero and there, specimens which are quite identical with some Siberian ones: besides, the variety /3. occurs in both countries. 22. G. crinita (Froel.); caule stricto multifloro folioso, foliis cordato-lanceolntis, pedun- culis superne nudis elongatis, corolliB lobis oblongis rotundatis margine fimbrintis, fitnbriis deorsutn longioribus basi loboruin nullis, ovario ovato-lunceolato, seminibus aculeolatis. Froel. p. 112. Pursh, \.p. 188. Beck, p. 840. BA, Mag, t. 2031.— G. fimbriata. Andr. Bot. liepos. t, 509. — G. ciliata, Americana. L, H AB. Canada. Mr, Goldie. — This is widely dispersed throughout the United States. 23. G. ventricosa (Griseb.); caule stricto gracili, foliis caulinis ovato-oblongis obtusis, cnlyce insequali alato ventricoso corollatn involvente, coroliae lobis aequaliter crenato-fim- briatis. (Tab. CLII.) Radix annua, tenuis, ramosa. Caulis pedalis, strictus, glabcr, teres, striatus, prater ramos quosdani iiiaequalca unifloros secundos simplex, superne gracilis. Inlemodia ima uncialia, cetera sensim longiora, 'i-S-uncialia. Folia margine ad lentein tcnuiasime scabrida, ima rosulata obovato-subrotunda 1. obovato- oblonga, in petiolum attenuata, (4-6'" longa,) caulina ovato-oblonga obtusa, (unciam longa, 4"'-6"' lata.) /{ami pcduncularcs, flexuosi, simplices, uno pari foliorum a flore remoto instructi; /7ecftinru/u« terminalis I Horus, cbractcatuB, (3-4 uncialis.) Calyx clausus, ovoidens, (9'" longus, 4-6'" latus,) acuminatus, corollam tcrtia parte supcrans, lobis tubum (equantibus, binis lanceolatis acuminatissimis longe mucronatis, binis ovatis acuminatis paullo minoribus latius alatis (alee per sepala, cetera per scariosam membranam intra- calycinam formantur.) Corolla inclusa, convoluta, 4-fida, lobis ovato-oblongis, tubum sensim ampliatum tequantibus, elegantissime eequaliter crenato-iimbriatis, obtusis. Filamenta brevissima (1-2"' longa,) lata, inembranacea, sub apice tubi inserta. Anthera ex tubo exscrtie, introrsse, loculis basi distantibus extror- sum conncctivo membranaceo cum filamcnto contiguo junctis. Ovarium elliptico-oblongum, stamina paul- lum supcrans, stylo nullo, atigmatibus orbiculatis S-lamellatis. Capsula ignota. Had. Grand Rapids of the Saskatchawan. Between Cumberland House and Hudson's Bay. Jirvmmond. — One of the most remarkable species: the appearance is exactly like G, utriculosa, but from tlie structure of tho flower, it is nearest G. detoma. Tab. CLII.— F/V/. 1, Flower;^5r. 2, CoroWa; Jig. 3, Corolla laid open; Jigt. 4, 5, Back and front view of a stamen iy?!/. 6, Section of a calyx:— wa^i/Jerf. 2. PLEUROGYNE. Eechscholz. ap. Cham. Linnaa, I. p. 190. FovecB epipetaloe glanduliferse 0. Filamenta basi aequalta. Stigmata lateralia (ad sutu- ras valvularuni decurrentia.) Capsula unilocularis. Corolla rotata, corona fimbriaruin brevissima aucta. 1. P. rotata {L. suh Swertia); foliis lanceolatis linearibusque, calycis lobis lanceoluto- linearibus corollam oequantibus, ovario acuto, .seminibus suturae valvularum insertis. — L. Sp. PI. ].p. 328. Pallas, 2. p. 98. {excl. synon. ctfig. 111.) t. 89./ 1. 2.— Gentiana ro- tata. Froel. p. 105. ex descriptione (exclus. synon. et var. /3.) — Swertia sulcata. Fries, I. c. VOL.. 11. I 66 GENTIANEiE. [FroMtra, hi p. 438. t. \./. 4. — y. Americana, caule humili rastigiato-ramosiisimo, ramis 1-3-floris, foliis oblongo-linearibus obtusis, imis rosulatis. ■ ' Hab. Between Cumberland Huuio and Hudion't Bay, Drummond. Kotzcbuo Sound. Captain Beechey. Eichscholtz Sound. Mr. Von Chamiuo i y. Labrador. Dr. Moriion.—The variety /3. grows in the Altai. See an account of tho confusion of synonyms of this species in Chamisso and Schlechtendal {Liimaa \.p. IBS.) where they have stated all points with their usual eiactnoss. — The iSw«r(tcent\a racomoia, verticlllaitrii dUtiuctli compoaita: pedunculi com- munes quaterni, axillares, uncialei, apico cyma umbellieformi blbracteata termlnati, iloro central! longlua podicellato internodlum axis superantos codom uodo caulis summui terminatur, pedlcello ultimo 1^2- unclali, cbracteato. Sepala 4 linearia, acuminata, obtusiuscula, vix baai juncta, 0'" longa. Pelala oblongo- olliptica, obtusa, albida, apice punctata, erocta, bail barbata, flmbriarum cristis foveas cingentibui longi* pectinatis. Filamenta hasi in annulum brovom connexa et abrupte arcuato-dilatata, demum connectivi apici inserta. Anthera introrsn, loculis obiongia connectivo dupio longioribui, obcordatcc. Ovarium ovale atylum tenue superans, stigmato breviter bilobo. Capsula — f> Hab, On the low hills near Spokan and Salmon Rivers and aubalpine parts of the Blue Mountains, near the Kooaiioosica River, N.W.C. Douglat. — [Tliis is quite distinct from the preceding, much larger in every part, with longer petals and constantly 2 oblong foveee upon each of them,— Hook,] Tab. CLIII.— F1V7. 1, Flower;/^;. 8, VeiiAi— magnified, 3. Frasera albicaulis (Dougl. ms. sub Swertia); caule ascendente tereti pilis albidis brevissimis scabrido, foliis oppositis linearibus obtusis, racemo densifloro, calyce corollam sequante, fovea neari unica. (Tab. CLIV.) Radix perennis,foliorum emarcidorum vaginis tecta. Caulit ox basi ascendente stricte erectus, pedalis, simplex, foliis paucis et apice racemo dense instructus. Intemodia 4-8-uncialia, preeter inflorescentiam plerumquo in toto caule bina. Folia elongato-lincaria, nervoaa, pilis quam in caule brevioribus densiori- busque subalbescentia, alto connato-vaginantia, radicalia duo 3-4-uncialia, 3-4'" lata, caulina 3-uncialia patula,y/ora/ia minora, pauciaaima ex inflorescentia exaerta. Ii\floreicentia racemiformia, ex verticillas- tris 2-4 approximatis cymaque densa urobelleeformi terroinali constituta, aucedonte hinc verticillastro in aequentibus axillis, 4 uncias remotia; pedunculi verticillaatrorum communes, picrumque in utraque axilla bini, alter semiuncialis denaa umbellula terminatus, alter minor pauciflorua: pedicellia brevibus confertis, cen*ruli longiori. Sepala linearia, acumiData.sublibera. Petala 3-4'" longa, cterulea, oblongo-lanccolata, acuminata, unincrvia, fovea dimidium petalum tequante, crista flmbriarum brcvi ad basin petali producta. Filamenta tenuis ; anthera ad indolcm prtecedentis speciei. Ovarium oblongo-ellipticum, apice attonua- tum, itylum tenuera aequana, atigmate breviter bilobo. Ovula oblonga, alata, pauca,(auturig affixa.) Caps.? Hab. In the Mountain Vallies between Spolcan and Kettle Falla, in moiat soil. Mr. Douglat. Tab. CLIV,— Fig. 1, Flowcrj^^r. 2, Petal;^^. 3, Stamen;Jig, 4, VutW:— magnified. 5. HALENIA. Borhh. Petala basi calcaratn, glandulis fundo calcarum impositis. Stigmata terniinalia. Cap- sula unilocularis, seminibus indefinitis suturis valvularum affixis. Corolla breviter cam- panulata. 1. H. deflexa (Sm. sub Swertia); caule erecto folioso, foliis 3-5 nerviis, radicalibus oblongo-spathulatis in petiolum tcque longum attenuatis caulinis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis subsessilibus, calcaribus cylindricis obtusis curvo-descendentibus corolla duplo brevioribus. (Tab. CLV.)— Swertia corniculata. Mich. Am. \. p. 97. — Sw. Michauxiana. R. S. 6. p. 130. — Sw. Americana. Spreng. Syat. I. p. 861. Hab. Spencer Wood, Canada. Mrs, Percival, Mr. Sheppard. Norway House to Canada. Dr. Rich- ardson, Drummond, Lake Huron. Dr, Todd. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. — Tins species is very nearly allied to H. Sibirica, Borkh.; and since both vary much in the form of their leaves as well as in ( 68 OENTIANEiC. [Haltnia. their ramitication, their character! rcquiro much to bo explained. //. d(itl»xa difforti oaulo veiirotlori, itric- tiori, mai^iii virtnle, alato nee angriilutui ramit aut abbreviatii aiit oiongati* ttrictii, nee latia patulin apicr cernuiii tulii* mi^oribiii, plerumquo latioribui, imii confortli obovatli longe potiolatia liulo virontlbii*, ni'i ullipticia parvulia, iiib anthoal jam cmarciilii; calcaribii* curolla dupio l)revioril)iii curvu-ilcici>ndpntil>ii>, demum curvo-tubaicondcntibui craMiiiirulii, nee corulli«ro wquantibui atrlcto patontibui dontibuipuo pili> formibui. Tab. CL\.— Fig. 1, V\avior,/lff. 2, Stamen; yf<7. 3, Pl)til;/f<7. 4, Ca\nu\e;Jlg. 3, Section of do.;///. «. Soed;^?^. 7, Section of do,; Jlij. 8, Embryo; — magn\fleit. 2. II, Brentoniana (Griscb.): caule luimili erecHusculo diiliise ramoso, fuliis S-A-nerviix clliptico-ublongis ucuniinutissiinis in pctiolum nttcmiati», suiiiinis subsussililuis oblongo- lanceoltitis, cytna tertninnii umbcllterormi S-floro, flore cciitruli lon^ius |)cilicellato, culcari- hus crnssiiisculis obtusis curvu-dcsceiidentibus 1. siibliorizoiitnlibiis corollii brcvioribiiH. (Tad. CLVI. A.) Jiadix curvo*de9ccn, annua. Caulii Iriuncialiiiobioloto totraptorut, glabor, liccua obacnro cicrulcu- virideacons. Rami crccto-putcniea, cauli timilot. Intemodia inforiora broviaaima, auporiora 4-0-H'" loiigu. Folia piltontiaaiinu \-\\'" lungo, 4-8"' Iota, glabra, aubinRqualia, Ima Inngiua petiolnta, apathulato-oblongii, acuta, media olliptico-oblonga, acutiasima, aulMcasilia, floraliu minoro. Pedicelli broviuoculi, v(!rticilla parvula;, iilamcnti latitudincm anbiequantcs. Ova- rium ovale, stigmatibua acaailibua ercctia brcvibua connatia. Captula corollam inarccaccntcm fero dupIo oxccdcna, clliptico-oblonga. Semina magna, albida, globoaa, licviaaima, (autura; affixa.) Hab. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. — Thia la a moat remarkable species, on account of the absence of the calcara in the lower flowers, which are also much smaller, at the same time that the branches arc more slender, on the top of which theao flowers are crowded. This abortion, however, aftbrds no reason to duubtof the constancy of the generic characters of tfa/cni'a, since the genua is as well limited by the atruc- urc of its ovarium and by the insertion of its seeds, aa by its spurs; also, the form of the corolla itself is constantly different from Swertia. Tab. CLVI. h.—Fig. 1, Flower:— nw«;ni/?erf. SabhnliaA OENTIANEiE. (it) Tribui I r. I*. 4 YTiiRAc Acex. — Inflorenccntia dichotoma, cauh perftorem alarem dicltotomia terminuto. Sepala aublibera. AuthertB tape npiraleii, ritna locuhrutn aursum dehiicente (Cliiroiiiui» riina loculoruin dmraum dehiscent, hinc abbreviaia, plerumque utriuttjue toculi contigua.) Stpiua diiUnctug dtciduut {raro 0), sligmate variabili, Capiula uniloculariti I. marginibm n troflexU temibUocularis, placentia $iituralibua, t.placetita centrali biloculariH. — Corolla rmtti a, alba, l.flava, eglanduhia, ii{fUndibuli/'ormit, demum »upra capaulam torta, I, decidua. llerba pleraque annum, per Mum terrarum orbem diaperia, i« tcmperatia aua- Iralioribua vtriuique hemisphara frequentiorea. 6. CICENUIA. Aikmi. Anthera imtnutala>. Stigma indiviium. Capaula unilocu- CoroHa rcguliirii, 4 vcatigiia vestita. Semina minuliatima, rotunda, l)adia. Hab. Near mountain springH and atreauia, not uncommon botwcou the Kettle Falls, "and Narruwn" of the Columbia River, N.W.C, Dou/jlas. — It ditt'ura somewhat from the genus, and oven from tlio tribe, by the absence of any style: but, bealdea the charactora taken from tho llowur, tlic Eryt/iracaccm are so well marked by their inflorcaccnce, that I am of opinion tho present would bo tho most convenient place for this species. I havo seen only one s|)ccimen, which was already in a very advanced state. Ex- actim pulchellum, Pursb, which I have not yet obtained, may bo another North American speciea of thiH genua, with which Orthoitemon, Br,, may perhaps bo not improperly joined, as it seems to diH'er only by its stigma, tho characters of which are at least variable in Erythraa and Cantcora, Tab. CLVII. A.— Cioeudia exalata. Tribus III. CtiLOREif!. — Inflorescentia dichotoma. Corolla eglanduloaa, rotata, demum circa capsulam marcescena. Antherarum loculi distincti. Stylua distinctua, deciduus, atig- mate variabili. Capaula unilocularis I. semibilocularis. — Herbca pleraque annua, Europee ct America incola, Kuropearum floribua plerumqueflavia, Americanarum aapiua roseis. 7. SADBATIA. Adans. Flos 5 (-12)-merus. Antherm erectse, demum recurva;. Stigmata bicruria, demum spirnliter torta. Capsula unilocularis, valvulis parum introflexis. i. S. gracilia (Salisb.); caule teretiusculo eiFuse paniculato, ramis alternis, foliis lineari- 70 QENTIANEiG. lVillar$ia. bus inferioribus ovatis lanceolatisque, calycis coroUam fere aequantis tubo brevissimo, lobis subulatis, corollse S-fidse rosea lobis elliptico-oblongis obtusis. — Chironia campanulnta. L. ap.\.p.2'12. WiUdI — Ch. gracilis. MtcA.^fli. 1. 146.— Sabbatia gracilis. StUisb. Pa- radis. Londin. t. 32. Purth, I. p. 137. — S. campanulata. Torrey. Hab. Canada. Willd. herb. — The specimens originate probably from Muhlenberg, but lately bota- nists seem not to have met with it in British North America. S'. pcmiculata. Ell., is very near, and it dif- fers especially by a Tory short calyx and white flowers, both characters of not much value in Sabbatia: be- sides, however, the filaments of the latter and the leaves are shorter: tho inferior ones more bluut.']' 2. S. angularis ; eaule tetragono paniculato, ramis oppositis, foliis cordato-ovatis basi connatis obtusis, calycis tubo brevi, lobis lanceolatis acutis corolla brevioribus, corolloe roseae d-fidae lobis obovato-ellipticis obtusis. — Chironia angularis. L. sp. 1. 272. Mich. I. p. 146.— Sabbatia angularis. Purah, 1. p. 137. Hab. Canada. Xr. Ooldie, — The leaves are sometimes smaller and longer, as well as the lobes of the corolla. There occur also white-flowered specimens. Tribus IV. Menyanthide£. — JEstivatio coroUa induplicativa. Corolla apparattt glanduloso instructa, decidua. Capsula uniloctdaris. 8. MENYANTHES. L. Semina in nervo medio utriusque valvulse 1-seriaIia. Capsula juxta suturam valvularum ruptilis. 1. M. trifoliata; foliis ternatis.— Z,. Sp. PI. \.p. 208. Engl. Bot. t. 495. = ' ' Hab. Canada. Mrs. Percival, Mr. Cleghom, Mr. Sheppard. Newfoundland. Miu Brtnton, Dr. Morriton. Labrador. Mias Brenton. Lake Winnipeg and Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardton. Rocky Mountains. Mr. Drummond. North West Coast. Dr. Scouler. Sitcha. Mr. Merteni. -'^' 9. VILLARSIA. F«n<. r -. n ,. - Placenta suturales. Capsula 2-valvis, valvis demum bifidis. 1. F. Crista gain (Menz. sub Menyanthide); scapo elato, foliis late reniformibus crenatis emarginatis a petiolo distlnctis, floribus paucis congestis. — Hook, bot, misc, 1. p. 45. /. 24. Bongard Veg. de Sitcha. p. 38. Hab. Port Edgecombe. Mr. Menziu. Sitcha. Mr. Merleni. 2. y.pumila(Doug\.sah Menyanthide); scapis humilibus unifloris, foliis elliptico-ob- longis integerrimis obtusis in petiolum attenuatis. (Tab. CLVII. B.) AAizoma repem, crassiusculum, radices fliiformes tenuissimas simplices deorsum emittens, apiee hinc divisum petiolorumque vaginis alternis tectum. Petioli unciales, orecti, tenues. Folia 1-1^ uncias longa, semiunciam lata, subrepanda, nervo medio subtus conspicuo cum petiolo confluente. Scapi erecti, tenuis- simi, 1-8 unciales. " Floret aibi, venis rubris, flmbriis flavis." Dougl. Calyx ebracteatus, tubum corollse subssquans, lobis oblongis obtusis tubo calycino dupio long^oribus. CoroUa rotata, aperta, tubo infiindi- bulari lobis ovalibus dupIo brevioribus; faux coiollts cum basi loborum fimbriate. Antherte subglobosae, incumbentes. Ovarium basi glandulis minutis cinctum, pubescentia pilosa undique tectum, ovatum, stylum sequans; ttigmata linearia, patentia, 2" long*. Ovula minutissima suturis affixa? CaptiUa—f Polemonium.] POLEMONIACE^. 71 Hab. Common near springn and on marshy i^ound in the Vallies of the Rocky Mountains, between Kettle Falls and Spokan. Douglai, — Not having seen the fruit, it is still doubtful to me whether this be really a ViUartia, or perhaps a Menyantha, as, in the dried germen it is indeed difficult to make out where the ovula are attached. But from the calyx-leaves, as well as from a great analogy of structure with V. ovata. Vent., it will be more convenient to refer it to this genus. Tab. CLVII. B.—Fig. I, Corolla laid open; Jig. 2, Stamen; ftg. 3, Calyx and pistil; ^g, 4, Germen laid open;^!'^. 5, ovules: — magnyfled, 10. LIMNANTHEMUM. Gme/. ; . . Placenta suturnles. Capsula evalvis, demum maceratione aperta. — Folia natantia. Petala /ugitiva. 1. L. lacunosum (Vent, sub ViUarsia); foliis supra asperiusculis subtus spongioso-asper- rimis, corolla alba glabra nuda, glandulis epipetalis breviter stipitatis, stylo brevi crasso, calyce capsulam vix sequante, seminibus inuricatis ecarinatis. — Menyanthes trachysperma. Mich. \.p. 126.? an hiyua forma macrophylta? Hab. Norway House to Canada. Drummond, Dr. Richardson. — The germination of this plant is quite analogous to that of Trapa natant, so remarkable on that account. On the top of each branch there arise three groups of different organs— viz. on one side, a leaf ; on the other, the umbel of flowers ; and below, a great many thick, short, and simple radicles, each of which is able to produce a new plant: the latter organs are, in Trapa, analogous to those which Do Candolle took for stipuiae, but which Roeper has declared to be a sort of root — a theory which is fully proved by the present case. Ord. LX. POLEMONIACEiE. Ji««. V 1. POLEMONIUM. £. C(d. 5-fidus, persistens, laciniis acutis. Cor. campanulata rotate, 5-partita, fundo clausa valvis 5 statniniferis, limbo piano, laciniis rotundatis. Filamenta basi dilatnt.i. Cap8ula ovato-trigona, trivalvis. Semina plurima angulosa. 1. P. caruleum; erectum, foliis pinnatis plurifoliolatis, floribus erectis. — L. — a. vulgare; caule solitario elato, foliolis majoribus, floribus paniculato-racemosis speciosis. P. cceruleum. Auct. — ^. humile; caule solitario 2-3 unciali ad spithamaeam, foliolis minoribus, floribus co- rymbosis speciosis. P. caeruleuro, nanum. Hook. Spitz. PI. in Linn. Trans, v. H. — P. humile. Wilid. Herb, ex Ram. et Sch, p. 311. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1304. — P. Richardsoni. Grah. in Bot. Mag. t. 2800. Hook, et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 128. — P. speciosuni. Fi8ch. ms. in Herb. No8tr. — P. villosum, ex Don, in Sw. Br. Fl. Gard. t. 266. — P. lanatum. Fisch. in Hsrb. Nostr. — P. caeruleum, var. piliferum. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1303. — P. pul- chellum. Bunge, in Herb. Nottr. (e mont. Altaic). — P. caeruleum, formae 2, 3, 4, 5, et 6. Chami8S0, in Herb. Nostr. — P. moschatum. fVormsk. in Herb. Nostr. — 7. pulcherrimum ; caulibus aggregatis humilibus gracilibus, foliolis parvis, floribus corymbosis duplo triplove minoribus, laciniis subacutis. P. pulcherrimum. Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 2979. — P. acuti- florum. Willd. Herb, tx R. et. S. Syst. Veg. v. 4. p. 792. Hab. », Canada {Mr. Sheppard) to the bases of the Rocky Mountains {Drummond) and Arctic Coast. 72 POLEMONIACEii;. [Phhx. Dr. Richardson. — /3. and y. From lat. 66°. to the Arctic aea-coast, in deep sand, both in the north {Dr. /{icAarebon),and in N.W. America, Kam8tchatka,&c. Menxie$,Ckamiuo,Langidorff,Lay,andColUe. — Few plants are more variable, and few more extensively distributed in the temperate and colder regions of tho northern hemisphere, than the present; from Kamoon and Kolghur, in Northern India, to Spitzborgon and tho Arctic sea-shores of Europe, Asia, and America. I have long hesitated whether or not I should consider the var. y. as distinct from tho true caruleum, but I fear it presents no valid points of difference. The species is met with of all sizes, in all states of hairiness, and with all sizes of the flower. In specimens from poor Douglas's last communications, are some from New Albion, which I would refer to var. y., but with the corolla shorter than the calyx I In another specimen from the same country, with the habit and Howers of pulcherrimum, tho leaflets are as large as in the common state of P. ccmtleum, and as acute, or nearly so, as those of Dr. Wallich's specimens from India. 2. PHLOX. L. Cal. 5-fidus, subcylindricus, persistens, laciniis angustis. Cor. hypocrateriformis, tubo cyliiulrico. Stam. inocqualia tubo inserta. AnthercB sagittatse. Stigma trifidum. Cap- .m/a ovato-triangularis, trivalvis, loculis submonospermis. 1. P. maculala; tota glabra, caule erecto maculato, Foliis lanceolatis superioribus ovatis longe acuminatis sessilibus margine scabriusculo, paniculae oblongae ramis confer- tis abbreviatis, dentibus calycinis breviusculis erectis acutis, corollae laciniis rotundntis. — Jacq. Hori. Find. t. 127. Purshy Am. v. \. p. 149. Torrey, v. \. p. 228. — P. paniculata. Jit. Hab. Upper Canada? Mr. Sheppard. — The specimen from Mr. Sheppard is certainly the P. maculata of American authors, but I do not see how it is to be distinguished from P. paniculata of the Hort. Kew. 2. P. divaricata; decumbens, pubescens, ramis divaricatis laxis paucifloris, foHis ovato- lanceolatis supremis alternis, dentibus calycinis subulatis, corollee laciniis obcordatis. — L. — Bot. Mag. t. 163. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 144. Ph. Am. v. 1. p. 150. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 248, Tbrrcy, /». 829. Hab. Canada. Mrs. Percival. 3. P. speciosa; erecta ramosa frutescens, glabra, foliis linearibus acuminatis pungenti- bus basi dilatatis subciliatis margine callosis: supremis alternis, floribus corymbosis, sepalis acuminatis margine membranaceis tubo corolloe subaequalibus, laciniis corollas cuneato- oblongis integris. Lindl. — Ph. Am. v. 1. p. 149. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1351. — /3. caule foliisque pubescent! bus. — P. humilis. Dougl. ms. — y. elatior; caule foliisque glaberrimis. — P. Sabini. Dougl. ma. > M ('- Hab. It. N.W. America. Plains of the Columbia. Lewis, Douglas. — /3. Subalpine range of the Rocky Mountains near perpetual snow, and on the Blue Mountains, N.W. Am.^-y. Limestone Rocks of the Blue Mountains. Douglas. — In deference to the opinion of Professor Lindley, I retain this as a species; but I must confess it borders too closely on P. subulata, and that again I have elsewhere observed, ( Comp. to the Sot. Mag. v. 1. p. 172.) I am totally unable to distinguish ,from P. setacea, to which belongs P. ni- valis, Lodd and Sweet. Dr. Lindley has already noticed its affinity with our next species, P. Sibirica, L„ which indeed is very close, and probably they might all be safely considered as belonging to one and the same species. The leaves in this latter, however, are more flaccid, the lower ones are constantly marces- cent, and the corymbs are fewer flowered. Phhx.] POLEMONIACEiE. 73 4. P. Sibirica; humilis perennis basi suffruticosa, foliis linearibus subflaccidis mucro- natis villosis, inferioribus marcescentibus, pedunculis subternis, calycis lanati laciniis subu- latis tubum corolloe subo^quantibus, corollae laciniis cuneatis integris vel emarginatis. — L. — Gmel. Sibir. 4. p. 87. t. 4,6./. 2. Hook, et Am. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. v. I. p. 128. Hab. Kotzebue'g Sound. Lat/ and Collie. — These specimens, from Captain Boechey's Voyage, differ in no respect whatever from the numerous Siberian and Dahurian ones in my herbarium, and from others gathered by Redowsici, probably also on the American side of Bebring's Strait. Besides the differences alluded to under the preceding species, this is certainly less shrubby than P. speciosa and its more imme- diate allies. The old marcescent leaves are numerous, and peculiarly flaccid and waved. 5. P. Douglasii; humilis pubescens dense csespitosa basi fruticusa lignosa, ratnis nu- merosissimis erectis, foliis arctis subulatis rigidis erecto-patentibus mucronaiis inferioribus marcescentibus strictis albidis, floribus terminalibus solitariis subsessilibus, calycis villosi laciniis subulatis rigidis mucronatis coroUse tubo brevioribus, coroUae laciniis oliovatis obtusis. (Tab. CLVIII.) — /3. foliis subsquarrosis. Hab. N.W. America: common on the limestone r?iige of the Blue Mountains, and on the Rocky Mountains, near the confines of snow. Douglas.— A. most beautiful species, bearing copious and almost sessile blossoms, and intermediate in habit, as it were connecting the P. speciosa, subulata, &c. witli the littl& P. Hoodii. Tab. ChVlW.— Fig. I, Flowers^<7. 2, Leaves:— raajmi/ferf. 6. P. Hooheri; fruticosa, ramis alternis elongatis pubescentibus dense foliosis, foliis fas- ciculatis subulato-acicularibus rigidis pungentibus inferioribus marcescentibus albidis, flori- bus numerosis sessilibus terminalibus lateralibusque, calycis laciniis acicularibus corolloe tubo gracili elongate brevioribus. (Tab. CLIX.) — P.Hookeri. DougLms.apudHort.Soc.Lond. Hab. Common on arid, sandy, and rocky soils near the narrows of the Oakangan and Priest's Rapid of the Columbia. " Flowers bright yellow! " — A very singular and most distinct species. Tab. ChlX.— Fig. ), Floyieajig. 2, hea.\ei:— magnified. 7. P. Hoodii; nana muhicaulis densissime caespitosa, foliis arete imbricatis erectis ar- genteo-nitidis subulatis mucronatis rigidiusculis margine lanatis inferioribus marcescentibus albidis, floribus terminalibus sessilibus solitariis, calycis lanati laciniis lato-subulatis brevibus tubo corollae brevioribus, corolla? laciniis obovatis integris. — Richards, in Frankl. Journ. App. ed. 2. p. 6. t. 28. Hab. Sandy plains, Carlton House Fort, and other places in lat. o4°. (Dr. Richardson) to the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Eagle and Red Deer Hills on the Saskatchawan, abundant. Douglas. — " This beautiful species is a striking ornament to the plains in the neighbourhood ot Carlton House, forming large patches, which are conspicuous from a distance. The specific name is a small tribute to the memory of my lamented friend and companion, whose genius, had his life been spared, would have raised him to a conspicuous station in his profession, and rendered him an ornament to any science in which he might have chosen to direct his attention." Richards. I. c. 8. P. liichardsoni; nana multicaulis densissime csespiiusa, foliis arete imbricatis erecto- subincurvis carnosiusculis laxe lanatis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis cum mucrone marginibus VOL. II. K I n POLEMONIACEiE. [Gilia. insigniter plicato-reflexis, inferioribus marcescentibus demum nigrescentibus, calycis lanati laciniis lato-subulatis mucronatis tubo corollae brevioribus, corollae laciniis rotundato-cune- atis integi'is. (Tab. CLX.) Hab. Arctic sea-coast, July, Aug,, 1826. Dr. Richardson. — Flowers most abundant, and of a brilliant lilac colour. It must be allowed that Dr. Richardson, and Messrs. Drummond and Douglas, have been pre-eminently successful in discovering new and beautiful species of the Genus Phhx in N. America, especially if we take into account the P. Drummondii (from the southern extremity of that vast country), which is now the pride and ornament of our gardens. It is much to be lamented that these more hardy species from the north have not yet been introduced alive to our collections; for there is no doubt, from the rich variety in the colour of their blossoms, and the great quantity of flowers yielded by every little tuft, that they would be nearly, if not quite, as ornamental as P. Drummondii, Tab. CLX, — JFV^, 1, Flower;y?gr. 2, hefy^a:— magnified. ' - ■ --■ ■..:■--..,, -^-i'';-- CGILIA. Cav. ^- Cal. campanulatus, 5-fidus, margine et sinubus membranaceis. Cor. infundibuliforinis V. subCampaniilata, limbo d-partito« laciniis obovatis integris. Stam. ad faucem v. vix intra tubum inserta. Anthera ovato-subrotundie. Capsula loculi polyspermi. Benth. in Bot. Reg. sub t. 1623. 1. G. (Sect. Dactylophyllum ) /^Aarnaceoicfcs; foliis opposiiis basi mcmbrana connatis profunde palmato-partitis laciniis setaceis, corollis calyce duplo longioribus, (Tab.CLXI.) Benth. I. c. Hab. Sandy soils at Oakanagunca and VVallawallah, rather rare: flowers white, delicate. Douglas,^ Mr. Douglas afterwards saw this curious species (and another of the same section) more abundantly in Cali- fornia. They and the G. putilla have the habit otArenaria, as observed by Mr. Bentham: perhaps still more that of Svtrgula, Tab. CLXI. — Fig. 1, V\om«i;fig,% Leeiyea:— magnified, 2. G. (Sect. Ipomopsis) pukhella; caulibus strictis superne paniculatis, foliis carnosis arachnoideis pinnatifidis laciniis remotis linearibus planis acutis, corollis elongatis tubulosis liinbi patenti-reflexi laciniis ovato-lanceolatis. — Dougl. ms. — Benth. I. c. — Ipomopsis ele- gans. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1281. {excl. Syn. Sm. Mich. et. Pcrs.) Hab. Banks of the Spokan River, N.W. America, particularly near its junctiou with the Columbia. Douglas.— \ tall and very handsome plant, but which, wc fear, is uow lost to our gardens. Mr. Bentham has well distinguished it from the Giiia coronopifolia, Pcrs, (Ipomopsis elegans, Sm.) which is a native of the southern United States. 3. G. (Sect. Eugilia) inconspicua; caule gracili paniculato-ramoso calycibusque pubes- centi-glandulosis, foliis pinnatifidis inferioribus bipinnatifidis laciniis linearibus remotis, iloribus subsolitariis, calyce corollae tubum sequante, corolla: laciniis ovatis. — Dougl. in Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2883. Benth. I. c. — G. parviflora. Spr. — Ipomopsis inconspicua. Sm. Ex. Fl. t. 14.— Cantua parviflora. Ph. Am. v. 2. p. 730. Hab. Southern branches of the Columbia, growing under the shade of Purihia tridentala, and various species ot Arlem'sia. Douglas, CoUomia,] POLEMONIACEiG. 75 4. G. (Sect. Eugilia) capitata; glabra, gracilis raniosa, foliis bi-tripinnatifidis segtnentis linearibus acutis, floribus dense capitatis, calyce tubo corollaB breviore, corollae laciniis lin- earibus.— flboA. Bot. Mag. t. 2698. Lindl. Dot. Reg. t. 1170. Benlh. I. c. Hab. N.W. America; Rocky Mountains to the Pacific, following the course of the Columbia. Fre- quent in potato fields about Fort Vancouver. Douglas, Dr. Scouler. 5. G. (Sect. Eugilia) congesta; lanata subsimplex, foliis bipinnatifidis carnosis laciniis linearibus obtusis, floribus (albis) densissime capitatis capitulis racemosis, calycibus 5-den- tatis bracteisque dense lanatis. — Phacelia furcata. Dougl. ma, Hab. Sandy plains of the Columbia. Douglas.^ A span high, with a rather stout stem, and singularly fleshy leaves. The whole, especially the very dense capitula, is very woolly. Corolla white, with a yel- low eye. Z}o«^/a«. Germen obovato-trigonous. Stigma 3-fid. ■. ' 4. NAVARETIA. R. et P.— ^Eqcchloa. Benth. Cal. tubulosa-campanulatus, basi membranaceus, apice 6-iidus, laciniis insequalibus rigi- dis, integris multifidisve, spinosis. Cor. hypocrateriformis calycem subsequans, limbo 5- partito, laciniis oblongis integris. Stam. inter partem superiorem tubi inserta. Antheree ovato-subrotundffi. Caps, loculi polyspermi. — Herbse plerumque glutinoaa fatidcB. Folia pinnatisecta, segmeiitia incisis acutisaimis. Flores denae capitati, bracteia inciao-tnuUifidia apinoaia aufftdti. Benth. I. c. 1. N. intertexta; erecta ramosa, foliis glabris pinnatisectis, segmentis lineari-subulatis acutissimis incisis divaricatis subspinosis, calycis sublanati dentibus plerumque multifidis, corollis calyce subbrevioribus, staminibus exsertis. Benth. I, c. (sub ^gochloa.) Hab. New Albion, N.W. America. Douglas, 2. N. pungena; viscoso-pubescens, foliis pinnatisectis segmentis integris incisisve, laciniis laneeolato-linearibus acutissimis spinosis, bracteis ciliato-hirtis basi dilatatis, dentibus caly- cinis lanceolatis subintegris, corollis exsertis, staminibus tubo inclusis. Benth. I. c. (sub .^gochloa.) — Gilia pungens. Dougl. in Hook. Bot. Mag. t 2977. Hab. Mountain Vallies near the sources of the Multnomack, a southern tributary of the Columbia, N.W. Am. Douglas. 5. COLLOMIA. JVtttt. Cal. campanulatus 5-fidus v. sub-5-partitus, lobis lanceolatis linearibusve sequalibus in- tegris. Cor. hypocrateriformis, tubo tenui exserto, limbo patente S-partito, laciniis ob- longis integris. Stam. versus medium tubi inserta. Anthera ovato-subrotundse. Capa, loculi 1-2 spermi. — Herbse. "Eloxes denae capitati^ bracteia late ovatia integerrimia aufftdti. Benth. I. c. I. C. heterophylla; pubescens, caule erecto ramoso, foliis inferioribus pinnatifidis incisis superne sensim niagis integris, involucris omnino integris, capitulis paucifloris. Dougl. in Hook. Bot. May. t. 2895. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1347. Benth. I. c. Hab. Frequent on the subalpine hills of N.W. Am, and about Fort Vancouver. Douglas, Dr. Scouler. i 76 CONVOLVULACEiE. [Convolvuiua. 2. C. grandiftora; foliis kto-lanceolatis nitidis inferioribus ssepissime serratis glabris su- perioribus ramisque junioribus pubescentibus, capitulis viscosis, corolloe limbo obliquo erec- tiusculo tubum subaequante. — Dougl, in Bot, Reg. t. 1174. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2B9i. Benth. I. c, Hab. Columbia River, N.W. America, from the source in the Rocky Mountains to the mouth. Doug- las, Dr. Scouler, 3. C. linearis; foliis linenri-lanceolatis lato-laticeolatisve opacis plerumque glabris, ramis superioribus patentissiniis pubescentibus, coroilse limbo patente tubo gracilimo triple breviore. — Nutt. Gen. v. I. p. 126. Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1 166. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2893. Benth. I. c. Hab. From the Sasliatchawan to Fort Franlilin and the Rocicy Mountains. Dr. Richardson, Drum- mond. From Lako Winipeg, across the Rocky Mountains, to Mcnzios' Island in the Columbia, thirty miles from the Pacific. Drummond, Douglas, Scouler. i. C. gracilis; glanduloso-pubescens, caule valde ramose, iuliis lineari-oblongis obtusis inferidribus oppositis, calycis 5-partiti laciniis longe subulatis tubuin coroilse aequantibus. Dougl. ma. — Benth. I. c. — Gilia gracilis. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2924. — /3. humilior; foliis in- ferioribus latioribus. — Collomia humiiis and C. bellidifolia. Dougl. ms. Hab. N.W. America, Vallies of the Mountains near the Kettle Falls, and |3. Fort VancouTer, ant' ut the Multnoroack. Douglas. ORD.LXI.DIAPENSIACEiE.iind/. I. DIAPENSIA. L. Cal. 5-partitus, 3-bracteatus. Cor. I-petala, regularis, sestivatione imbricata. Stam. H aequalia, filamentis dilatatis ad summum tubi corellffi insertis, limbi laciniis alternis; antheris 2-locularibus transversim dehiscentibus ecalcaratis. Stigma sessile. Capsula cartilaginea, 3-locularis, infra medium trivftlvis, medio placentifera, dissepimentis e medio valvarum. Semiua plurima minuta, areolata. — SuflTruticcs arctici, humiles, ctespitosi, prostrati. Foliu parva imbricata sempervirentia. 1. D. Lapponica. L.— Torrey, Fl. v. l.p.23\. Hook, in Parry's 2d. Fog. App — D. obtusifolia. Salisb. Parad. Lond. t. 104. Pursh, Am. v. 1. p. 147. Hab. LabTodoT. Dr.Moriion, JUiss Brenton. Whale Island, Arctic America. Captain Sir E. Parry. Mouth of the Great Fish River. Capt. Back. — This does not appear to exist on the Pacific side of the Rocky Mountain!!, nor further to the west than the Great Fish River. The only station in the United States is the White Hills of New Hampshire, whence 1 have received it from Dr. Boott and Mr. Greene. Ord. LXII. CONVOLVULACEiE. J«««. 1. CONVOLVULUS, Jacq. Br. Cal 5-partitus, nudus, v. bracteis 2 minoribus imbricatis. Corolla campanulata, 5- Cu$cuta.] CONVOLVULACEjE. 77 plicata. Stamina limbo breviora. Ovarium 2-loculare (raro 3-loculare?) loculis disper- mis. S^y/tM indivisus. Stigmata 2, GWtormia. Cap«u/a valvata. — Herbae (raro frutices) volubilea v. prostrata, acepim lactescentes. Br. 1. C. arvenaia; caule angulato-striato, foliis sagittatis subauriculatis, pedunculis saepius unifloris apice bibracteatis, sepalis ovato-rotundatis, corolla alba aut rosea. Chois. — L. — Pur ah. Am. v. I, p. 144. Torrey, v. I. p. 224. Hab, Canada. Mrs, Percival, Lady Dalhoutie. 2. C panduratua; volubilis pubescens, foliis lato*cordatis integris lobatisve pandurifor- mibus, pedunculis longis, floribus fo&ciculatis, calycibus glabris muticis, corollis tubulato- campanulatis. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 138. Ph. Am. v. 1. p. 144. Elliott, v. 1. p. 254. Torrey, FI.V. \.p. 225. Hab, Canada. Purih. ; , ,^ i 8. CALYSTEOIA. Br. Cat. 5-partitus, bracteis duabus foliaceis inclusus. Cor. campanulata, 5-plicata. Stam. subsequalia limbo breviora. Ovarium semibiloculare, 4-spermum. Stylua indivisus. Stig- mata 2 obtusa (teretia v. globosa). Capaula unilocularis. — Herbae lacteacentes, glabrcB, volu- bilea V. proatratoB {extra tropicum provenientea). Pedunculi aditarii uniflori. Br. 1. C. septum; foliis sagittatis acutissimis posticis obtusis truncatisve integris, bracteis acutis calycc longioribus dimidio corollas brevioribus, pedunculo angulato petiolum super- ante. Br. — Ph.v. \. p. 142. — Convolvulus sepium. L. — Torrey,v. 1. p. 22.5. — C. repens. L.—Mich.—EU. Hab. Canada to the Saskatchawan, Purth, Dr. Todd, Dr. Richardtoni and to the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Shores and Islands of the Columbia. Dr. Scouler, Dr. Oairdner. 2. C. apithamcBus; pubescenti-tomentosa, caule erecto, foliis oblongo-ovatis basi cordatis, pedunculis unifloris folio longioribus, bracteis ovatis acutis, laciniis calycinis lanceolatis. — Ph. Am. V. I. p. 143. Hook. Ex. Ft. v. \. t. 97. — C. tomentosa. PA. /. c. — Convolvulus spithamteus. L. — Elliott, v. I. p. 251. Torrey, Fl. v. 1. p. 225. — C. stans. Mx. Hab. Canada to tlie Saskatchawan. Mr. Chghorn, Mrs. Percival, Dr. Richardson, Drummond. 3. CUSCUTA. L. Cal. raro 4-fidus. Cor. globoso-urceolata, limbo 5-fido, marcescens. Ovarium 2-Iocu- lare, loculis dispcrmis. Capa. bilocularis, circumscissa. — Herbce aphylla, volubilea, para- aiticcB. Flores aggregati, aubcapitati v. apicati, unibracteati. Squamae 5, epipetalee, infra Jilamenta, iiademque oppositae, rare dejicientea. Br. 1. C. Americana? floribus pedicellatis globoso-campanulatis 5-fidis, filamentis subulatis, corollae laciniis brevioribus infra basin squama flmbriata, stylis gracilibus exsertis. — L.? — Ph.? — Mich.? — Torrey, Fl, v. 1. p. 289.— C. arvensis. Beyrich, in Herb. Noatr. Hab. N.W, America. Douglas,— This I believe to be the C Americana of Dr. Torrey. The flowers though small, are larger than in our C. Epithymum, Ji 78 HYDROPHYLLEiG. [HydrophjfUmm. 2. C. umbroaa; floribus sessilibus campanulatis 5-fidis, filamentis subulatis corollsB laci- niis longioribus infra basin squama fimbrinta, stylis brevibus crassis incUisis. — C. umbrosa. Beyrich, in Herb. Nostr. — C. Europaea. Torrey, v. 1. p. 280? — C. Americana. Gristvold, in Herb. Noatr. Hab. Canada. Mrs. Percivat, Norway House FortV Drummond. N.W. Coait of America. Doug- las.^The Ouscuta, both of the old and the new world, are in a sadly confused state. The present species is probably frequently called by the American authors C, Americana, Of this, I am certain, that it is the C. umbrota of Beyrich (whoso name I therefore adopt), and the C. Americana of Dr. Oriswold: but whether it is the Linntean plant of that name, I have no means of ascertaining, Mr. Drummond's specimens are too imperfect for determination. The flowers of the present species are larger than either of our two Bri- tish ones. Ord. LXIII. HYDROPHYLLE^.* iJr. {Br. in Prodr. Flor, Nov. Holland, p. 492. Benth. in Linn. Trans, v. 17. p. 272.) 1. HYDROPHYLLUM. £. Cal. 5-partitus persistens. Cor. campanulata 5-fida, intus striis 5 melliferis marginatis filamenta amplexantibus. Siam. exserta, medio barbata. Stiff, bifidum. Caps, globosa, l-locularis, 1-sperma; seminibus tribus nbortivis. 1. H. virginicitm; foliis pinnatifidis, laciniis ovali-lanceolatis inciso-serratis, fasciculis florum conglomeretis, pedunculis petiolo longioribus. — L. — Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 134. Ph. r. I. p. 134. Bot. Beg. t. 331. Elliott, v. 1. p. 232. Torrey, Fl. v. i.p. 219. Has. Canada. Mrs, Percival, Mrt. Sheppard, Dr. Holtnet. N.W. Coast of America. Dr. ScouUr, who observes that the roots are eaten by the Indians. 2. H. appendiculatum; foliis infimis pinnatisectis, caulinis palmato-lobatis, racemis lax- issimis, calycis hispidi sinubus reflexo-appendiculatis. (Benth. l.c. p. 273.) — Mich. Am. v. ].p. 134. Hah. Canada. Oeghom. [H.] ' 3. H. Canadense; foliis palmato-lobatis angulatisve, florum cymis laxis, calycibus glabris. {Benth.l.c.p.2t3.) L.—Mich. Am. v. \. p. 138. Ph. v. I. p. 134. Torrey, v. I. p. 220. Has. Canada. Purgh. 4. H. capitatum; foliis pinnatisectis, segmentis inciso-dentatis, laciniis calycinis lanceo- latis ciliato-hispidis. {Benth. I. c. p. 273.) DougLnu, Had. Fort Vancouver. Douglas. — This is very different from the ^. NUicrt^A^/Ami of Nuttall, of which I have noble specimens from Dr. Short. — [H.] * The vbsracteri, with remaiis on the genera and species of this and the following order (Boraginea), have been kindly drawn up for this woric by Dr. Lehmann. I hare only added a fen species which have since been received by me from British N. America, and made a few alterations suggested by Mr. Bentham's valuable piper on the first of these two orders, lately published in (he Linnsan Transactions. yemophila,] HYDROPHYLLEiE. 79 8. EUTOCA. Br. Cat, 5-partitus, persistens. Cor. subcampanulata: membranuloB tubi decern, par parin iilainentis alternantes. Stam. exserta. Stylus bifidus. Caps, polysperma, uniiocularis* bivalvis, valvis indivisis medio placentiferis. 1. E. Franklinii; foliis pinnatifidis bipinnatifidisve pilosis, laciniis lanceolatis integerri- mis dentatisve ciliatis, spicis racemosis in summo caule confertis, stainintbus corolla sub- longioribus. — Br, in Richards. App. to Franhl. Joum. ed. 2. p. 5\. t. 27. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2985. Hab. From the Saskatchawan to the Bear Lake and Engliih RWers, Dr. Sichardion i and in burnt woods from the Grand Rapid to the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. 2. E. sericea; foliis pinnatifidis semibipinnatifidisque sericeis, laciniis lanceolatis integer- rimis, racemis in summo caule confertis, staminibus corolla duplo longioribus. Lehm. — Grah. in Bot. Mag. t. 3003. Benth. I. c. p. 278.— E. pulchella. Lehm. in Pugil. PL II. p. 18. Hab. Sandy debris of the Rocky Mountains. Drummonc/. " 3. E, Menziesii; erecta foliis linearibus lanceolatisve integerrimis quandoque trifidis pinnatifidisve, placentis 20-multiovulatis. {Benth.) Br. in Richards. App. to Frankl. Journ, ed. 2. p. 51. Benth. L c. — E. multiflora. Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1 180. Lehm. I. c. p. 19. — E. echioides et. E. gloiuerata. Dougl. ms. {Jide Benth.) — E. congesta. Dougl, in Herb. Nostr. — Lehm. I. c, p. 18. — Hydrophyllum lineare? Ph. (Br.) Hab. First discovered in Calitotamhy Mr. Menzies^Herb, Noitr), Interior of the Columbia, N.W. Am, Douglas. — Dr. Lehmann, whom I was able to supply only with imperfect specimens of this species, was disposed to separate them into two : but I feel assured that Mr, Bentham has done correctly, in reduc- ing all the supposed species of Mr. Douglas to one, which is indeed very variable in the form of the leaves. [H.] 3. NEMOPHILA. Bart. Cal. persistens 10*partitus laciniis alternis minoribus reflexis. Cor. campanulata 5-loba. Nectarium, foveolee 10 ad marginem faucis. Stamina corolla breviora. Stylus bifidus. Caps. 1-locularis. 1. N.parviflora (Dougl.); foliis pinnatifidis lobis paucis latis subdentatis, calycis sinubus breviter appendiculatis, corollis calycem vix superantibus, placentis biovulatis. Benth. I, c, p. 276. Hab. First found in California by Mr. Menzies. Banks of the Columbia. Douglas, .Scoti/er.— Perhaps not really distinct from the following, which Mr. Bentham thus characterizes: — "N.pedunculatat foliis pinnatiiidiH, calycis sinubus breviter appendiculatis, corollis calycem vix superantibus, placentis 6-ovul- atis." [H.] 2, N. pedunculata (Dougl.); caule dichotomo ramoso, foliis subpinnatifido-quinquelobis pilosis: lobis obtusis, pedunculis alaribus solitariis nutantibus. I 80 HYDROPHYLLEiG. [Phactlio. Caulii herbaceus, tucculentui, procuinbent ? retronum letoio-hiipidui, dichotomo-ramoius, ramii di- varicatit. Folia oppoiita, petiolata, remota, piDnatifida, A-toba, udpreaie-piloia, reticulato-vonoia s lobii obovatis intogorrimit vol grosao dontatia. Petioli foliit dimldio breviorea, aetoai, Pedunculi alaroi, aoli- tarii, tcrctoa, (illformea, retroraum actoao-hiapidi, aubpolicarca, nutantoa. Calyx poraUtona lO-partitua : laciniia aotoao-ciliatia, alteria mi^oribua crectia, laiicoolatia, acutia i altoria minorlbua, linoarlbua, roHezla. Corolla minuta longitudine caljrcia, 5-loba: lobia integerrimla. Stamina corolla brevlora; Jilamenta tubo inaerta glabra: antheris ianatia. Captula magnitudine piai, ovata, acuta, puboacena. Hab. Columbia River, N.W. America. Douglas. 4. PHACELIA. Mz. Cal, 5-partitus. Cor. subcampanulata 5-fida basi intus 5-sulcata. Stamina exKertn. Stylus filiforinis bipartitus. Caps, i-sperma 3-vnlvis : valviila singula dissepimento di- midiato. 1. P. heterophylla; erecta hispida, foliis inferioribus petiolatis pinnatifidis laciniis lanceu- latis integerrimis nervosis: imparl elongata, superloribus simpiicibus, racemis bifidis densi- floris, inciniis corollsB integerrimis. Ph. Am. v. I. p. 140. Nutt. Gen. v. \. p. 117. licem. et SchuU. Syst. Veget. v. 4. p. 189. Hab, Banks and lalanda of the Columbia, near the ocean. Dr. Scouler, Douglai, — Mr. Bontham unites tliia (and no doubt the Tollowing) with the P. circinata, Jacq. Fil. Eel. 1. 135. t. 01 ; and adducea the fol- lowing gynonyma : — Holiotropium pinnatum. Vahl. Hydrophyllum Magcllanicum, Lam, H. aldca. R. and S. Aldea pinnata. R. and P. A, circinata. Willd. Phacelia Peruviana. Spr. P. Californica. Cham. P. rudis. Dougl, mi. 2. P. hastata (Dougl.); erecta tumentosa, foliis petiolatis lineatis acutis: rndicalibus lin- eari-lanceolatis, caulinis lanceolatis elongatis basi utrinque auriculatis, racemis terminalibus oorymbosis bifidis, laciniis corollas integerrimis. .^ Cautia subpodulis, herbaccua, tcrea, ercctus, simplex, tomentoaus, baai rudimentis pctiolonim tectua. folia petiolata, supra tomentoau, tomentum pilis rigidis adprcssia interuiixtum, nervis imprestia parallelo- lincata, subtus tomentoaa, ad ncrvoa protubcrantca adproasc |>ilo8a; radicalia lineari-lanceulata in petioiuni elongata, acuta, integcrrima; caulina elongato-lanceolata, basi auriculata, ita quidcm ut fere hastata a])- pareant. Petioli canaliculati, hispidi, foliorum inferiorum circitcr pollicares, versus apiccm caulis senaiin breviorea. Floret in racemis terminalibus corymboais dispositi : Racemi bifidi, socundi, imbricali, raulti- flori, ante anthesin revoluti. Pedunculi ac pcdicelli calyce dimidio breviorea hispidi. Calyx 5-partitus : laciniis linearibus obtusis, hispido. Obd. LXIV. BORAGINE.^.* Jui$. ' 1. HELIOTROPIUM. i. "^ ' Cor. hypocrateriformis: fauce pervia (in nonnuUis barbata) ; Litnbi laciniis plicatura simplex vel dente instructu interjecta. Stigma subconicurn. Nucea 4, uniloculures, co- haerentes, bosi clausse. Receptaculum commune manifestum nullum. I. H. Curatsavicum; caiilc herbaceo, foliis suboppositis lanceolatis obtusissimis obsolete venosis glabris glaucis, spicis conjugatis solitariisve. — L, — Lehm. Aaper. v. \, p. 34. Nutt. Gen. v.l.p. 112. Elliott, v. \.p. 745. Hab. Vallieioftho Bluo Mountains (far removed from the aoa). Mr. Douglas found it there only. — [In one of my specimens from Mr. Douglas's last journey, the leaves are nearly an inch broad, and the spikes quaternate and quinato: in all, the leaves are much broader than in any specimens I have ever seen of H. Curauavicum.] (Hook.) ■ ■'-y'■"^■■'■ ' ^l ^ 8. MYOSOTIS. X. Cor. hypocrateriformis : fnuce squamis brevibus instructa. Limbua S-partitus obtusus. Stamina inclusa. Nuces 4, uniloculares, fundo culycis affixse, basi perforate. a. nucibua lavibus glabris, 1. M. alpestria; foliis lanceolatis acutiusculis obsolete trinerviis hirsutis, racemis ebrac- teatis, pedicellis in fructu patentibus calyce 5-lido clauso paullo longioribus, limbo explan- ato tubo longiore. — Schmidt, Bohem. Cent. 3. Lehm. Aaper. v. 1. p. 86. — M. lithospermi- folia. Horn. H. Ila/n. v. 1. p. 173. — M. suaveolens. JValdst. et Kit. — M. rupicola. Engl. Bat. t. 2659. Hab. Common in the Rocky Mountains, Drummond. Arctic sea-shore. Dr. Richard»on.—lL\\e American plant corresponds exactly with the European one, and varies also with blue and white flowers. 2. M. paluatria; calyce satis rectis appressis fructifero campanulato patente pedicellis (livergentibus breviora, corollee limbo piano tubum excedente, pube caulis patente (vel nullo), — var. micraniha; caulis pube appressa. — M. lingulata. Lehm. Asper. v. I. p. 110. inter species in quas inquirendum esset. — M. caespitosa. Schultz. Flor. Starg. Suppl. p. \\. Spreng. Syst. Veget. v. \. p. 557. (excl. synon.) Hab. Canada. Mrs. Percival, Mrs. Sheppard. Newfoundland. Dr. Morrison, Mr. Cormach, — This plant, though in my opinion only a variety, is, however, as such, a very distinct one. 3. M. versicolor; foliis lanceolatis obtusiusculis hirsutis, racemis ebracteatis, pedicellis in fructu erecto>patentibus calyce 5-fido acuto clauso brevioribus, limbo patente tubo breviore. Pers. Syn. v. I. p. 156. Engl. Bot. t. 480. Lehm. Aaper. v. I. p. 93. VOL. II. • By Professor Lebmann. I. m 88 BORAOINBy*. [M^BoHi, Hai. N. W. CoMt. Aw^fa*.— (There are ipeciffleni in the collection of thii, or n elowljr killed ipeelei, a foot in height, with the young •pilioii deniely capitate, the fluweri twice or thrice larger than the uiual appearance o( At. v*rticolor, and with the hain of the ipiket yellowiib. — H.) 4. M.flaccida (Dougl.); caule erccto ranioso, foliis linearibua calloso-ttrigosis, spicii ebrncteatis bifidii, calycibus 5-partitis in fructu arete aUpresBis clausis basi apiceque hiipi- dissitnis. Planta annua. Caulit oroctui, 1-1} podali*, toro«, adprcHo-piloaui, ramotut, rami* orocto-patontibuf, in ipicani bifldam dosinontibut. Folia soiiilia, linoarla,(l-l} poll, longa 1} lin. lata,) acutluicula, iiitogvr- riina, callofo-ttrigoso, iininorvia, patontia. fipica caulcm ot ramos torminnntot, obrnctcatcp, multiflorK, ante antheiin revolutee, dein olongatH, flaccid*. Floru aubiecundi, toitilon, crcKonto fructu, diitantei. Calycei 5-paniti: lacinils linearibus obtuiii baai apiceque hiipidiiiimif, floriferi erecti, fructiferi clauii, rha- chim arcto adprcisi. Corolla (ut videtur) llava, glabra. Tubus longitudino caiycii. Limbui brovis, plu- nut, laciniii intcgerrimis. A'uces 4, nvatie, acuminato>roitcllatie, glaborrimee, niico-nitldic. Hab, N.W. Coast, in dry plaint, Dougla$. , ^ ^. nvcibus rugoais, * ' -ii ■ , 5. M. glomerata ; cuule crecto foliisquc spathulato-linearibus hispidis, spicis solitariis axil- laribus subpedunculatis bractentis glomerntis, floribus confertis, calycibui hispidissimis, iiu- cibus dorso rugosis. (Tab. CLXII.) — Nutt, Gen. Am, v. \.p, 112. — Cynoglossum glu- meratum. Fraa. — Purah, Am. v. 2. p. 729. Lehm. Aaper. v. 1. p. 176. Hab. Barren lands of the Columbia, near Lewis and Clarke't Rivor. Douglaa, About Carlton Houie Fort. Dr. Itichardton. — Ono of the mont beautiful species, with white flowers of the size of tlioso of An- chuta officinalis. All the spilies arr not, as said in Nuttall's description, b\ftd, but (according to my specimens) only the suporicMr ones; the inferior ones are simple. In the description now referred to, tho bractos of the spikes are not moutioned, which are linear, hispid (liispidisBimts)i the inferior ones of the length of tho calyx. Tho inflorescence is rather a spica tcrminalis com|>osita o spiculis altcmis ap- proximatis simplicibus bifidisque, than what is called spies azillares, which becomes moro evident since tho leaf at tho base of tho spikelels (quite of the same structure as the stem-loaves) is not aifixed to tho stem, but at the branch of the spike. Tab. CLXII.— Fi>. 1, Flower; Jig. 2, Pistil;/^. 3, Fruit; Jig. 4, Single achenium, anterior view: — magnijied, 6. M. leucophaa (Dougl.); caule erecto, foliis lanceolato-linearibus supra sericeis subtus strigosis, spicis in summo caule congestis paucifloris, calycibus hispidissimis, nucibus (Tab. CLXIII.) Planta pulchcrrima. Radix percnnis. Caulis erectus, subpodalis, angulatus, infemc pills adpressis, superne pills patentibus tomentoso-hispidus. Folia scssilia, alterna, lanccolato-lincaria, acuta, intcgerrimu, supra sericea, subtus strigosa, trinervia, nervis latoralibos submarginalibus obscurioribus. Spica plures in apicc caulis axillisque foliorum superiorum densissime congcsia, hispidissimae, pauciflorie. Calyx 5- partitus, 4 lineas longus: laciniis linearibus obtusis unincrviis inlus apice tomeutosis. Corolla magna, alba. Dtbus calyce paullo longior, glaber. Limbut S-partitus, planus, laciniis obovato-subrotundis. Anthera supra medium tubi adnatse. [Nuces 4, suborbiculatts, ovatse, acutK, glabrts, laeves, dorso planae, marginibus subaiatis, Semtn ovatum, obtusum. — Hook.] Hab. Arid barrena c^the Columbia, and of its northern and southern tributari»s. Douglas. Bchinosptrmmn,' BORAOINB/E. 88 Tai. CXLIIL— F^^. I, Flowcri Jig. S, Calyi with the |ilitili Jtg. 3, Corolla laid opmi Jlp. i, Plitili fig, A, Fmtijiff. 0, Slnglu »chen\maijiff. 7, tho laino cut o|K)n iliowiiig the leudi — magnified, 7. M,/Ulva; hispidn, caule erccto, foliis oblongo-linearibui obtusis v. acuminatis calloso- Ntrigosis, niccmiti demum valilo elongatis, culycihun pilis flavis hispidissiniii A-partitit ws- silibu8 IViictiferiH amplintiH Inciniis erectis nucibui 2 (alteria aborticnti!:'ii) reniformUovatiii rugosis iiigi-is. — Hook, et Am, in Bat. qfBeerhcy'a Voy. v. \, p. 38. Hab. Dry prairloi of tho Columbia. Mr, Tolmie, — Thcio tpecimoni entirely agreo with the original onos from Chili. The ipecio* ii indeed very dittinct and well-marked, remarkable for tho largo tixe of the calyx, oipccially when in fruit. (Hook.) 8. M. Choriiiana; caulibus filiformibus adsccndentibus subramosis, fobis sessilibus an- gusto-liiiearibus calloso-strigosis, raccinifl tenninnlibus lecundis, calycibus hispidis in fructu erectis apice bnrbatis, nucibuti verrucosis rugosig.— CAam. in Lin. v. 4. p. 444. Hook, et Arn. in Bot. qf Beech. Foy. v. I. p. 162. Caulei ox eadem radice plures, adscondentei, ramoil, lubpalmarea, incumbenti-piloii. Folia toxiilia, Hnguito-Iinearia, acutiuacula, utrinque ttrigoia, 3-nervia, nnrTit latorallbua obtcuris. Racemi multiflori, in fiummo caule ramisquo aecundi, obractoati, floribus Infimii axillaribux. Calycet brevi-pedicollati, erecti, 5- partiti: laciniia lanceolato-linoaribus, hlipidia, apico fulvo-barbatia. Pedicelli aub calyco incraaaati. Co- rolla pat\a,(ieiyei. T^Au* calycom lubsuporani: £ 1. E. Virginicum; foliis ovato-oblongis acuminatis nervoso-venosis, supra scabris subtus pubesccutibus, raceinis divaricatis bructeolatis, nucibus aculeis glochidiatis dense asperis. — Lehm. Asper. v. I. p. 1 17. — Rochelia Virginiana. Ram. et Schult, v. 4. p. 108. Torr. Am. V, 1. p. 208. — Myosotis Virginica. Lin. Sp. PL v. I. p. 18D. Pursh, Am. v. 1. p. 134. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. I. p. 112. Hab. Canada to tho Saekatchawan. Dr. Richardton, Drummond. 2. E. diffusum; caule foliisque hirsutis : radicalibus petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis, cau- linis superioribus ovatis obtusis sessilibus, racemis erectis siniplicibus bracteatis, nucibus aculeis glochidiatis undique adspersis. — Lehm, Pugil, IL p. 23. — Myosotis diffusa. I)ougl. ma, Caulit subpedalis, ercctua, terea, hirsutua, apice in rann 'i:> racemiferiB divisus. Fo/i'a integerrima, utrinque hinuta, aub 3-nervia: nervo medio aubtus protubcrantu: radicalia longe petiolata, oblongo-lanceo- lata, obtuaiuacula; caulina aparsa conferta, inferiora radicalihus gimillima aed minora et brevius petiolata; supiriora seiailia, ovata, obtuaa. Racemi aimplicea, hirsnii, erecti, bracteati. Bractem inferiores ovato- lanccolatse, longitudine pedicelloruro, superiores linearei> breviorus. Pedicelli subsecundi, 3 lin. longi« hir- 1 IS'" !;§ 84 BORAOINEiG. [CgtUHflotnim. I. suti, Horifcri crecti, in fructu nutantes. Calyx 5-paTtitui, laciniia oblongo-linearibuB, obtusiaBimii, binutis, patcntibus. Corolla alba? magna: tubuB calyce paullo longior sensim ampliatus, fauco subclauaa, fornici- bu9 papillosis. Limbus 5-lobus: lobis oboratis, rotundatis, venosis, tubo duplo longioribus. Filamenta in- rliisa brevissima: antherit ovatis. Nucei 4, aculeis glochidiatis undique adspersis, Hab. N.W, America. Douglas, 3. E. floribundurn ; foliis subsessilibus lineari-lanceolatis acutatis subciliatis utrinque pu- bescentibus, radicalibus lanceolatis petiolatis, racemis bifidis bracteolatis, nucibus glabrius- culis aculeis glochidiatis serie simplici margine dispositis. (Tab. CLXIV.) — Lehm. Pugil. II. p. 24. Caulit herbaceus, l^-2-podali9, strictus, teres, fistulosus, pilis adpressis subhirsutus. Folia integcrrima, utrinque pubescen'.ia subciliata: radicalia lanceolata, acuta, in petiolum longitudine folii attenuata; caulina sparsa, approximata, lineari-lanceolata longe acuminata, intima in petiolum decurrentia, reliqua scssilia. Aacemt axillares, pcdunculati, in summo caule paniculati, bifidi, bractoolati, multiflori, Pedicelli ^\\on; floriferi longitudine caij'cis erecti; in fructu calyce duplo longiores refracti. Bractece lanccolatn, minutiE. Calyx 5-partitus, hirsutua, laciniis ovato-lanccolatis obtusis. Corolla cterulea, magnitudinc florum Mt/os. palustr. ' Tubus longitudine calycis. Limbus planus: laciniis rotundatis. Antherte ovatte, basi bifidie, in tubo subsessiles. PiatiUum tubo brevier: stigmate capitato. Nuces 4, ovatae, acutoe, glabriuscultc, aculeis subulatis apice glochidiatis versus marginem simplici serie dispositis. HiiB. Lake Pentanguisbonc to the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. ,.'v Tab. CLXIV. — Fig. 1, Flower;yi^. 2, Pistil;^jr. 3, Fruiti^^. 4, Single acheninm :.— mapnt/{e. 109. Torr. Fl. v. 1. p. 208.— Myosotis Lappula. L. Sp. PI. v. l.p. 189. Flor. Dan.t.692. Pursh, Am. r. 1. p. 134. Ntitt. Am. v. 1. p. 112. Rich. App. p. 5. Hab. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. N.W. America. Douglas. 6. E.patulum; ramis patulis, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis patulo-pilosis, nucibus aculeis distantibus clongatis glochidiatis serie .simplici margine dispositis. — Lehm. Asper. v. 1. p. 124. Spreng. Syst. Veg. V. \.p.b(iG. {excl. syn. Myos. Redowskii). — Myosotis squarroso. liieberst. Fl. Taur. Cauc. v. l.p. 120. {excl. syn. Retzii.) fVilid. Enum. Plant, v. 1. p. 176. Hab. Cumberland House to Bear Lake. Dr. Richardson. 4. CYNOGLOSSUM. L. Cor. infundibuliformis fauce fornicibus erectis instructa. ?fuces 4, uniloculares, com- presstE, echinatac vel margine membrana plana circumdatoe, columnee central! affixo?, basi impcrforata;. Csftioghsium,] BORAQINEiG. 85 ' a, nucibut depresais, exteriore latere aculeia plerumque glochidiatis tectis. 1. C. ci/ia^um (Dougl.); caule erecto simplici hirsute, foliis linearibus acutis elongatis trinorviis tementeso-hirsutis ciliatis, racemis terminalibus bracteatis secundis, statninibus inclusis. Lehm. Pugil. II. p. 24. Caulia erectus, I ^pedalis, teres, simpUcissinius, cancscens, hirsutus: pilia retrorsis, in summo caulc paten - tibiis. Folia distantia, sosailia, linearia, acuta, incana, tomentoso-hirsuta, ciliata, 3-nervia; inferiora 4 poll, longa, 'i lin, lata, guprema pollicaria. Jtacemi terminates, aubcorymbosi, villosi, secundi, bracteolati, ante anthesin revoluti. Bractem lincarcs, longitudine pedicellorum. Calyx b-^ax\\tMS: laciniis lance atis ob- tiisis, villosis. Corolla ceerulea, calycc dimidio longior. Tubtt» brevissimus : Limbua ^lidus : la miis ob- longis rotundntis, tabo diiplo longioribus. Fomicea 5 orecti, connivientes. Filamenta tubo insorta, brevia- sima: antheris elliptico-oblongis usque ad faucem porrectis. Stylua crassus brevis, stigmato capitate. Nucea Har. Dry banks of the mountain streams. Little falls of the Columbia, and upwards to the Rocky Mountains, Douylaa. 2. C. officinale; cuule erecto foliosu, fuliis iiiferioribus late lanceolatis basi attenuatis su- perioribus basi latioribus acutis pubescenti-tomentosis, racemis ebracteatis durante flores- centia paniculatis, staminibus inclusis. — L. Sp. PL v. I. p. 192. Engl. Bot. t. 921. Flor. Dan. t. 1147. Bigel. Boat, p. 47. Pursh, Am. v. \.p. 133. Lehm. Asper. v. \, p. 152. Raem. et Schult. Syst. Veg. v. 4. p. 74. Torr. Ft. v. 1. p. 208. Hab. Canada to the Saskatchawan. Mra. Percival, Lady Dalhouaie, Dr. Richardson. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. 3. C. Virginicum; caule erecto, foliis ovato-oblongis acutis superioribus basi cordatis ani- plexicaulibus hirsutissimis> racemis brevibus corymbosis ebracteatis, staminibus inclusis. — L. Sp. PI. V. 1. p. 193. Lehm. Asper. v. 1. p. 156. Torr. Fl. v. 1. p. 208. — C. amplexicaule. Mich. Fl. V. ].p. 132. Pursh, Am. v. \. p. 133. Hab, Canada and Lake Huron, {Mra. Percival, Dr. Todd), to the Rocky Mountains (rare). Drummond. 4. C. grande (Dougl.); caule erecto glabro superne nudo, foliis petiolatis subtus pilosis: inferioribus maximis cordato-ovatis undulatis, superioribus oblongo-lanceolatis, racemis ebracteatis glabris pedunculatis paucifloris, calyce villoso. — Lehm, Pugil. II, p. 25. — C. officinale. Hook, et Arn. Bot. of Beech. Voy. v. \. p. 152. (nee alior). Caulia hcrbaceus, aub-Q-pcdalis, crectus, angulatus, fistulosus, lasus, glaber, basi foliosus apicc nudus. Folia irffima cordato.ovata, acuta, undulata, ciliata, vonosa, supra viridia pilis raris adpreasis obsita, subtus paUidiora adpresse piloaa, 9 poll, longa. i lin, lata, auperiora e basi cordato in petiolum prodiicta, acuta, undulata, ciliata, 8 poll, longa, 2-3 lin. lata, suprema sensim minora, oblongo-lanceolata, acuminata, plana. Petioli glabri, ciliati. Jtacemi pauciflori, pedunculati, in summo caule paniculam lazam conatituentes, Pedunculi glabri, nudi, 1^2^ poll, longi, Pedicelli 2-4 lineas longi, glabri, apice pilosi. Calyx 6-fidu8, densissiuic villosus: laciniis olliptico-lanceolatis, obtusis. Corolla cierulea, calyce dupio longior, major quam in C, officinale. Filamenta brcvissima, supra medium tubi inserta, antheria cllipticia faucem attingentibus. Stylua longitudine tubi, stigmatc capitate. Hab. Shndy woods, N.W. Coast. Douglas, Mr, Totmie, Dr. Gairdner.—k truly distinct species, found also in California by the officers of Captain Becchoy's Voyage. 86 BOaAGlNEiE. [Lilho^Mrmum. 5. OMPHALODES. Ju*$. Cor. rotata: fauce fornicibus brevibus clausa. Limbus 5-partitu8, obtusus. Nuces 4, uniloculares, depressse, margine membrana inflexa, calathiformes, colutnni centrali affixa, hasi imperforatae. 1. O. linifolia; foliis rodicalibus cuneiformibus, caulinis lineari-lanceolatis glabris mar- gine denticulato-ciliatis, racemis ebracteatis. — Mcench, Method, p. 419. Lehm. Asper. v. 1. p. 187. — Cynoglossutn linifolium. L. — Moris. Hist. 3. Sect, 11. f. 30. /! 11. Barrel. Icon. 1234. — Ricotia linirolia. Rcem. et SchuU. Syst. Veg. v. 4. p. 86. Hab. Sent by Dr. Morison from Labrador. An re vera ia America boreali iiidigena? — [Probably cul- tivated; yet it is singular that a tender annual of Spain and Portugal should come to perfection and bear feed, as the specimen shows, in so northern a region as Labrador. Hook.] C. LITHOSPERMUM. X. Cat. 3-partitus. Cor. infundibuliformis : fauce pervia, nuda. Anthera oblongae inclusoe. Nuces 4, uniloculares, ovatse, fundo calycis affixiG, basi imperforatse. Sectio I. Floribus subpaniculatis. Nucibus Imvibus vel rugosis. Foliis rodicalibus post florescentiam excrescentibus. (Pulhonabia.) 1. L. maritimum; caulibus procumbcntibus ramosis, foliis ovatis obtusiusculis carnosis glabris glaucescentibus, calycibus glabris. — Lehm. Asper. v. 9. p. 291. Torr. Fl. v. \. p. 202. — Pulinonaria maritima. L. Sp. PI. v. I. p. 195. Engl. Bot. t. 368. — Pulmonaria par- viflora. Mich. Fl. v. 1. p. 131. Pursh. Fl. v. I. p. 131. Hab. Canada. Mrs. Percival. Newfoundland and Labrador, (JtfiM JBrtnton, Dr. Morison), through- out the Arctic sea-shores (Dr. Richardson, Captain Sir E. Parry, §-c.) to Behring's Strait, {Lay and Collie, Chamisso, tfc), and the N.W. Coast. Menziei. 2. L. marginatum; caule glabro erecto, foliis radicalibus petiolatis obovato-oblongis, caulinis oblongo-spathulatis acutis semiamplexicaulibus margine hispidis, calycibus gla- bris laciniis acuminatis margine bispidis. — Spreng.Syst. Veg. v. I.j9. 547. — Pulmonariu inarginata. Nutt. Am. v. \. p. 115. — Pulmonaria lanceolata. Pursh, Am. v. 2. p. 729. Hab. Elevated banks of the Columbia (common). 2>oup/a«. 3. L. Drummondii (Lehm.); caule glabro ascendente, foliis radicalibus ovato-lanceolatis caulinis sessilibus oblongo-lanceolatis callosis subdenticulatis glaucis, paniculis terminalibus congestis, calycibus glabris laciniis acutiusculis subdenticulatis. — Lehm. Pugil, IL p. 26. Caulei plures ex eadem radicc, ndsccndentes, gtaberrimi, toretcs, semipedales. Folia radicalia, ovato- lanceolata; caulina oblongo-lanceolata, acuta, subdenticulata, glauca, supernc calloso-punctata, 3-ncr- via. Flores paniculati, in summo caule coiigesti. Pedunculi foliis multo breviorcs, 2-3 lin. longi, 3-6- llori. Pedtcelli calycibus brcviores, glaberrimi, suberecti. Ca{y:r glaber, 5-partitus: laciniis lanccolatit acutiusculis, margine subdenticulatis. Corolla calyco subtripio long^or, fere semipollicaris, cyanea. Tubus cylindricus calyce duplo longior, intus glaber, fauce notata protuberantiis quinque. Limbus campanulatus, longitudino tubi, 6-fidu8, laciniis integcrrimis, rotundatis. Filamenta sunimo tubo inserta, brevissima, pkna, membranacea : antheris lincaribus. Stylus stamina aequans, linearis, compressus: stigmatc capitate. Hab. Arctic sea-shore. Dr. Richardson.— [To me this seems to have too close an affinity witbX. Vir- ginicum.] Hook. Lithotpemmm.] BORAGINE^. «t 4. L. denii'^ilatum ; caule erecto, foliis nervosfs subglabris acutis margine denticulato- scabris, radicalibus ovatis, caulinis oblongis, laciniis calycis oblongis margine denticulatis. — Lehm, Asper. v. 2. p. 294. Torr. Ft. v. I. p. 203. — Pulmonaria Sibirica. Pursh, v. 2. p. 729. {excl. syn.) — P. denticulata. Rcem. et Schult. SyttVeg. v. 4. p. 746. Hab, Canada. Pursh. Shadjr woods near tho confluence of the Columbia with the sea. Douglas, Mr. Tolmie. 5. L. paniculatum; caule erecto, foliis nervosis scabriusculis acuminatis, inferioribus ovato-cordatis, superioribus ovato-oblongis, floribus paniculatis, calycibus piloso-hispidis. — Lehm, Asper. v. 2. p. 289. Rich. App. p. 5. — Pulmonaria paniculata. Ait. Kew. ed,\,v.\. p. 181. Pursh. Am. v. I. p. 131. Ntitt. Am. v. \. p. 115. Hab. Saskatchawan to Hudson's Bay and Beat Lake. Dr. Richardson, DrHmmond, Blue Mountains, N.W. Coast. JDou^/fl*. 6. L. corymbosum {hehm.); caule erecto piloso, foliis ovatis acutis in petiolum attenuatis glabriusculis margine et subtus pilosis, floribus racemoso-corymbosis, laciniis calycis lanceo- lato-Iinearibus elongatis acutis. — Lehm. Pugil. IL p. 27. — Pulmonaria pilosa. Cham, in Linnaa. — Lithosp. denticulatum. Hook, et Arn. Bot. of Beech. Voy, p. 128. Catties ex cadem radice plures, erecti, simplices, subpedalcs, fistulosi, pilosi. Folia radicalia late-ovata longe petiolata ; caulina altcrna, ovata, icuta, in petiolum attenuata, integerrima, venosa, supra glabrius- cula, subtus ct margine pilosa, suprema sessilia. Petiolus planus, pilosus, basi caulcm subamplectons. Florea terminales in racerais corymbosis 5-8-floris disposiii. Racemi simplices vel bifldi, corymbosi, hirsuti, basi ' r'\ctLa lanccolata, acuminata, birsuta instructi. Calyx S-partitus, laciniis lanceolato-linearibus, acutis, ; ruinmoR(/. Tab. CLXVI.— i^^. 1. Flowerj^y. 2, Pi8tU:--»ia^i/?ed, ...'.'. 9. L. hirtum; caule herbaceo erecto simplici hirto, foliis lineari-lanceolatis obtusis, flo- rnlibus ovato-lanceolatis rotundato-obtusis utrinque hirtis, corollse tubo calycetn subtequante, limbo integerrimo. — Lehm. Asper. v. 2. p. 304. Torr. Am. v. 1. p. a04. Spr. Syst. Veg. V. i. />. o44. — Anchusa birta. Miihlenb. Cat. Plant. Am. Sept. p. 19. — Batschia Gmelini. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 180. Pursh. Am. v. 1. p. 138. — B. Carolinensis. Gmet. Syst. Nat. v. 2. p. 315. — B. Caroliniana. Rcem, et Schult. Syst. Veg. v. i. p. 52. Hab. Upper Canada. Goldie. Lalcc Huron. Dr. Todd. — This species is also found as far South as Galveston Bay, Texas. (No. 310 of Mr. Drummond's Sd collection.) 10. L. canescens; caule herbaceo erecto subsimplice villoso, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis emarginatis utrinque adpresse villosiusculis, junioribus candicantibus demum sca- briusculis, coroUae tubo calyce duplo longiore, limbo integerrimo. — Lehm. Asper. v. 2. p. 303. Torr. Am. v. \. p. 203. {excl. syn. Anchusa virg.) — Anchusa canescens. Miihl. Cat. Plant. Am. Sept. p. 19. — Batschia canescens. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 130. t. 14. Pursh, Am. V. 1. p. 132. — B. conspicua. Rich. App. ed. I. p. 49. Hab. Canada to the Saskatcbawan. 7>r.ittcAaron, i^rummom/, Z>ou^fa«. 11. Zi. sericeum; caule basi sufTruticoso erecto trichotomo-ramoso supernc villoso, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis supra sericeis subtus subvilloso-canescentibus, coroUic tubo ca- lyce duplo longiore, limbo integerrimo. — Lehm. Asper. v. 2. p. 306. — Lithospermum \\r- ginianum. Moris. Hist. 3. Sect. 11. t. 28. f. 4. — Anchusa Virginica. L. Sp. PI. v. p. 191. — Batschia sericea. Rcem. et Schult. Syst. Veg. v. 4. p. 743. AtKnis prtecedenti, differt caule apice trichotomo-diviso, foliis intcgerrimis (nee emarginatis) mtyoribus mains sericeis, corollis duplo fero majoribus. Hab. Banks of the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson, Dmmmond, Douglas. Sectio III. Corolla fauce nuda, foliis radicalibus post Jlorescentiam non excrescentibus. (LiTHOSPEnM^ vera;.) 12. L. officinale; caule erecto rimis numcrosis, fuliis lanceolatis acutis nervosis scabris subtus oppresse hirsutis, corollse tubo longitudine calycibus nucibus brcvissimis impunctatis. L. — Lehm. Aspen/, p. 313. {excl. syn.) — L, latifulia. Muhl. Cert., p. 18. Torrey, Fl, p, 202. Echium.] BURAGINEiG. 80 Hab. Falls of Niagara. Mr. Greene. Quebec. Mrs. Sheppard.—{1 quite agree with my friend Dr. Torrey, tliat L. lutifolium of American authors is a very distinct species, and exclusively a more southern plant.)— AooA. 13. L. ruderale (Dougl.); caule herbaceo stricto hirsuto, foliis linearibus acutrinatis strigosis, spicis foliosis, corollis villosis, tubo longitudine calycis. Lehm, Pugil. £1. p. 28. Caulis herbaceuB, strictus, angulatuii, sulcatus, simplex, apice ramosus, l-l^pcdalis, hirsutus. Folia sparsa, conferta, sessilia, acuminata, strigosa, versus marginem et ad nervum medium subtus hispida: infe- riora linoaria, erecta, bipollicaria et ultra: superiora lineari-lanceolata, erccto-patentia. Ramuli spica so- litaria, roliosa, pauciflora terminati :ylon7u« subsessilibus. Calyx hirsutus, 5-partitu3: laciniis intequalibus, erectis, linearibus. Corolla extus viilosa, flava. Tubus longitudine laciniarum calycis longiorum cylindri- cus: laciniis limbi ovatis rotundatis. Filamenta tubi corolloe inserta: antheris oblongis usque ad faucem porrectis. Stylus longitudine tubi, stigmato simplici. Hab. Gravelly banks of the Columbia and Multnomaclc Rivers. Dou^rAit. 14. L, anguatifolium; caulibus herbaceis procutnbentibus, foliis linearibus undique stri- gosis, iloribus sparsis lateralibus axillaribusque, fructibus turgide ovatis nitidis impresso- punctatis. — Mich. Am. Bor. v. 1. p. 130. Ph. Am. v. I. p. 131. I,ehm. Asper. v. 2. p. 809. Hab. Head of Lalce Ontario. GoUie. Canada. Dr. Holmes. Norvray House on the Saskatchawan. Drummond. — In fruit, and only one specimen gathered. (Drummond's plants, from Brazosia and San Filipe in Texas, {II. n. S07 and 306, are probably the same species,) 15. L, lycopsoides (Lclim.); caulibus herbaceis procumbentibus ramosis foliisque ovato- lanceolatis denticulatis setoso-ciliatis utrinque hirtis, iloribus sparsis lateralibus axillaribus- que, nucibus ovato-trigonis basi emarginatis dorso convexis rugosis. — Lehm. Pugil. II. p. 28. Caulis procumbcns, teres, hirtus, di-vel trichotomo-ramosus: ramis adscendentibus. Folia sessilia, ovato-lanceolata, acuta, utrinqne c punctis sparsis callosis hirta, undulato-denticulata, donticulis callosis se- tosis. Flares latcrales axillaresque breviter pedicellati. Calyx hispidissimus, 5-partitus, laciniis lanceo- latis, 2 lincas longis, in fructu cemuus, subinflatus. Corolla longitudine calycis, flava, glabra, limbo credo rainim -<. Genitalia inclusa. yiiees ovatoe, trigonie, acutae, brunneo;, dorso coiivexie, rugosse. Hab. Straits of de Fuca, N.W. America. Dr. Scouler. 7. ECHIUM. L. Cal. 5-partitus. Cor. inrundibuliformis vel campanulata: fuuce ampliatn nuda. Limbi laciniis in plurimis insequalibus. Nuces 4, uniloculares, turbinatiB, gigortoidese, scabra?, fundo calycis afBxse, basi impertbratae. I. E. Menziesii; caule herbaceo erecto retrorsum hispido, foliis sessilibus acutis hispi- dissimis, inferioribus angusto-lanceolatis, superioribus ovato-lanceolatis, racemis multifloris imbricatis hispidissimis, staniinibus corolla parva subtubulosa multo brevioribus. — Lehm. Pugil. U. p. 29. /Iadi> simplicissima. Caulis herbaceus, erectus, angulatus, sulcatus, retrorsum hispidissimus, 1^-pe- dalis, ramosus. Folia S' jsilia, obscure 3-nervia, undique o punctis callosis hispidissima. Radicalia et eaulina inferiora angusto-lanceolata (3 poll, longa, 4 lin. lata) acuta, intcgerrima: superiora ovato-lanceolata. VOL. II. M fl I SOLANEiB. [P^iaHa. Sactmi caulem et ramoi termiDantM, Bolltarii, multiflori, Moundi, ebraoteati, hiipidiMimi, ante anthuiin re- Toluti. CafycM hiipidiMimi, S-partiti: laciniit linearibiu, aequalibiu. Corolla subtubulota, glabra, flavei- cenit ? Tubus cylindricui, caljrce dimidio longior, apice paullo inflatui. Limbui erectut, 5-lobus, inequalii: lobis tribus reliquis duplo latioribus. Filanunta brevisaima, Kqualia, venui baiin tubi inierta. Slplus finrorinis, glaber, longitndine Uaininuin: itig^&te capitato. JVkcm 4, incurTSB, ovaUe, trigonv, rugoiitiimie. Hab. N.W. Coast of America. Mr. Memie*. [Obi. I have received X^n^pni Europaa, Borago (^ffidnaUt, and ^/mpt^/titm officinale, from Canada, gathered by Mn. Percival, but I fear they cannot be considered natives. Ord. LXV. SOLANE^. J«M. 1. SOLANUM. Z. Cal. 4-5-rarius lO-fidus. Cor. subrotata, plicata, 4-5-rarius 10-fida. Antfura conni- rentes, apice poro gemino dchiscentes (interdum insequales.) Bacca subglobosa, 2-(rarius 3-4<)Iocularis. — Herbse v. frutices inermea v, aculeati. Folia indivita v. lobala, nunc itn- paripinnata, Inflorescentia varia, sapiua extra-^ucittaris. Br. 1. S. nigrum; inerme herbaceum, foliis ovatis repandis, corymbis subumbellatis peduncu- iatis lateralibus nutantibus. — £>. — Ph. Am. v, I. p. 156. EU. Car. v. 1. p. 80. Torr. Fl. V. 1. p. 235. Hook, et Am. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. v. 1. p. 152. Hab. Canada to Hudson's Bay and the Saslcatchawan. Dr. Richardton. Dntmnumd. N.W. America. Douglas. Scouler. — This is called var. Virginicum by the American Botanists; but it seems to differ in no respect from the European plant of the same name. 2. S. triflorum; inerme herbaceum procumbens, caule hirsuto, foliis lato-lanceolatis pin- imtifidis segmentis ovatis acutis, pedunculis lateralibus bi-trifloris hirsutis. — Nutt. Gen, Am. V. 1. p. 128. — a. major; foliis glabris. — 13. minor; foliis subtus hirsutis. Hab, «. About Carlton House Fort. Dr. Richardson, fi. In the Garden (a weed) of Carlton House Fort, and entrance of Badger's Hole, and thence to Edmonton House. Drumaumd, 2. PHYSALI8. Z. > .. w Cal. 5-(idus. Cor, subrotata. Stam. basi corollse inserta. Anthera longituuinaliler (lehiscentes. Bacca bilocularis, calyce inflate colorato tecta. 1. P. Pennsylvanica; herbacea pubescenti-villosa, foliis ovatis subcordatisve repando- (lentatis, floribus pedunculatis subsolitariis nutantibus, calycibus hirsuto-viscosis. — L, — Ph. Am, V. \,p, 157. Torrey, FL v. 1. p. 234. EU. Car. v. I. p. 273.— P. viscosa. Jacq. Hab. Lake Huron (plentiful). Dr, Todd. . ^ 2. P. grandiflora; herbacea pubescenti-visoosissima, foliis (inferioribus prsecipue) longe )>etioiatis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis margine undulatis, pedunculis subsolitariis, floribus iiiagnis albis nutantibus, calycibus fructiferis globosis. ,^.^,,,^- .-, . ., Hab. Sandy banks of the Saskatchawan,(sparicgly). Drunmumd, Near old encampments where fires havo been made, on the shores of Lake Winipeg {Dr, Richardson), and Red River (rare). Dotiglasc—l Orobmeht,] OROBANCHEiB. 91 ^nnot find the deacription of any ipeoiei which corresponds with this. It is remarkable for the great site and white colour of its flowers, which are nearly an inch broad. The whole plant is exceedingly viscid. A bad specimen, apparently of the same species, is found by Mr. Sheppard at Port au portil, below Mur- ray Bay, Canada, and sent to me as P. lanceolala, from which, however, I consider it perfectly distinct. 8. NICOTIANA. L. Cat. tubulosus, S-fidus. Cor. infundibuliformis v. hypocrateriforiuis, limbo 5-fido. Stigma capitatum. Caps, bilocularis apice 4rfariani dehiscens. — Herba v. suffrutices. Flores terminaka, racemosi. Br. 1. N. nana; 2-S-unciali8, foliis lanceolatis pilosis, radicalibus quam flores solitarii Ion- gioribus, corolla calyce longiore, laciniis obtusis. — Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 833. Has. N.W. America. A. Metuiet, Etq, {Herb, noitr,) Rocky Mountains. W. Bird, Esq.— A singu- larly dwarf and almost stomloss species, originally discovered by the excellent Menzies. 2. N. quadrivalviBi annua, caule humili erecto diffuse ramoso, foliis lanceolatis brevius- culis acutis sessilibus nunc basi auriculatis, calycibus campanulatis tubo coroUss paululum bre- vioribus subinflatis clausis segmentis acuminatis, corollte limbo patente planiusculo segmen« tis acutis, capsula globosa 4-valvis. NuU. — Ph. Am. v. I. p. 141. Nutt. Gen. v. \. p. 183. Hab, Mr. Nuttall was informed that it grew spontaneously on the banks of the Columbia, but probably the following species was there taken for it, if, indeed, the two be really distinct. Pursh gives the present as an inhabitant of the Missouri, and of the Mandan and R!cara Rivers, on the authority of Lewis' Herba- rium. The foliage yields an excellent tobacco, but the mo t delicate kind is prepared by the Indians from the dried ^ow«rs. (PA.) 3. N. midtiveUvis; herbacea viscido-pilosa, foliis lanceolatis inferioribus petiolatis, flori- bus axillaribus solitariis, calyce multipartito, capsula multiloculari, corollse laciniis obtusis alte venosis. — Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1057. Hab. Abundant within the recesses of the Rocky Mountains, and westward to the Pacific Ocean, in all dry light soils, Douglai, who further observes that it is greatly esteemed by the different tribes for smoking, and is the only vegetable which the natives of the Columbia cultivate. [Obs. I have received the Hyotcyamut niger from Canada, sent by Mrs. Percival. It is doubtless an imported plant] Ord. LXVI. OROBANCHE.ffi. Jmm. 1. OROBANCHE. L. Cat. bracteatus, varius. Cor. ringens; labium sup. integrum v. bilobum: inf. trifidum, laciniis subffiqualibus. Stamina basi planiuscula: Antheroe biloculares. Stigma ssepissime bilobum. Caps, unilocularis, bivalvis, placentifera, placentis 2 v. 4. Semina numerosa rugosa. — Plantae aphylla plerumgue parasitica. * Calyx cyathi/ormis, 3-dentatu8. Antheree basi obtusa facie anteriori dehiscentea. Pla- centa 2. — BoscHNAJAKiA. Bunge. 1. O. glabra; glaberrimn, caule squamato basi incrassato reticulato, squamis cordatis 92 OROBANCHEiG. [ Orobtmeht, acutii (siccitate) intense fuscis opacis, calyce cyathiformi obliquo tridentato, corolln tubo in- flato,labiosuperioreelongatointegro,inferioreabbreviatoobscuretrilobo. (Tab.CLXVII.) — Boschnajakin glabra. Bunge, in Herb, noatr. — Stellara lathrseoides. Fisch. in Herb, noitr. Hab. N.W. Coast of America. Mr. Memiet (Herb, noitr.) Great Slave Lake to Fort Franklin on the Mackonzio River. Dr. Richardson. — This, and the following, with O. Americana, L. (which I posteag from various parts of the United States, and from Mexico,) doubtless constitute a good genus, Boschntyakia of Bunge: but I regret I do not know where that author has described it. His specimens from Eastern Siberia arc precisely the same as those gathered by Mr. Monzics and Dr. Richardson, and are remarkable for the very imperfect lower lip of the corolla, by which the species is at once distinguished from O, Ameri' canu, as well as from the following. Tab. CLXVIl Fiff. I, Fruit; Jiff.i, Side view of a Flower; ^g. 3, Calyx; Jlffs. 4 and 5, Fruit:— magnijied, 2. O. tuberosa; glaberrima, caule squamato basi tuberoso, squamis ovatis acutninatis (sicciUite) intense fuscis opacis, tubere reticulato areolis tuberculiformibus pentagonis, spica densa, floribus unibracteatis, calyce cyatliirormi obliquo 3-dcntato, corolla tubulosa Isilabi- ata, labViB erectis, superiore ovato integro, inferiore 3-lobo breviore, lobis ovali-oblongis obtusis erectis. (Tab. CLXVIII.) Parasitica. Caulis erectus, simplex, digitalis et ultra, squamosa, basi in bulbum reticulatum incrassatum squamis laxiusculis fusco-nigrcsccntibus. Floret in spicam clongatam congesti erecti, paululum curvati. Stamina inclusa. Fi/amenta basi barbata. Anthera ovatee, crectee, opiculatae, facie antcriori dehiscens, rimis longitudinalibus supcrne junctis. Germcn ovali-subrotundum: iS(y/«« supra curvatus. Stii/ma auh- quadrilobum. Hab. N.W. Coast of America. A. Memiet, Esq — This is remarkable for its decidedly tuberous roots, and by that character, as well by tho very dark brown opaque (not pale brown and shining) scales of the stem, it may readily be known from the O. Americana, L., which has not, I believe, yet been detected in British North America. Tab. CLXVIII.— FiVy. 1, Side view of a flower;^;/. 2, Front view ofAo.;Jig. 3, VniW; Jig. 4, Stamen; fig. 5, Back view of an anther;^*;. 0, Front view of do.: — magnified. * * Calyx pkrumque b-Jidus. Anthcrce basi acuminatce, lateraliter dehiacentes. Placenta 4. — Orobanchg vera. 3. O. Ltidoviciana; pubescenti-glandulosa, caule brevi sintplici v. subranioso, spica clongata dcnsifluru, calyce inaDquali profunde 5-fido bibructeato laciniis linearibus, corolloe intus extusquc pubescentis tubo elongato curvato, labiis subacqualibus, sup. bifido inferiore trifido, lobis acutiusculis, staminibus inclusis. — Nutt. Gen. v. 2. p. 58. Hab. Plains of the Saskatchawan (rare.) Orummond. New Caledonia. Douglat.—Mr. Drummond met with the same plant in Texas, (1st Coll. n. 09). Mr. Douglas' specimens are taller, more generally branched, and more hoary with down: the calyx is often C-clelV, the upper lip of tho corolla sometimes nearly entire ; but I do not see that they are otherwise difi'ercnt from those of tho eastern side of the Rocky Mountains. • • • Caulis fasciculatim ramosua, floribus solitariis {non spicatis) ebracteatia. — Fas- CICULATAi. 4'. 0. comosa ; pubesccns, caule brevi densissime fasciculatim ramoso, ramis squamosi.^, Vtrbaiam,] SCKOPHULARlNEiE. 93 calyce 5-partito ebracteato laciniis subulatis, corollae tubo longe exserto curvato labiis elongatis recurvis, superiore oblongo bifiilo, inferiore tripartito laciniis lineari-oblongis apice bidentatis, antheris pilosis. (Tab. CLXIX.) Hab. Banks of tho Columbia. Douglai, Dr. Scouler, Dr. Oairdner.—Stom short, with broad scales bearing copious fasciculated, or almost corymbose branches, which have subulate scales. Tab. CXLIX. — Fiff. 1, Flowef.Jiff. 2, Stamens;^?//. 3, PistWiJlff. 4, Capsule:— ma^i/ferf. 5. O./asciculata; pulverulento-pubescens, caule brevi fasciculatim ramoso, ramis seu pedunculis nudis unifloris, calyce 5-fido ebracteato lobis triangularibus acutis, corollae tubo longe exserto curvato, lubiis erectis concavis brevibus obtusis, superiore bifido, inferiore trifido lobis integris, filamentis glandulosis, antheris glabris. (Tab. CLXX.) — Nutt. Gen. V. 2. p. 59. Hab. About Carlton House Fort on the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardaon. Columbia. Dr. Scouler. — Well distinguished from the following by Mr. Nuttall. Tab. CLXX.— i^*!^. I, Flower;^?^. 2, Stamen ; /it/. 3, VUtih— magnified. 6. O. biflora; pubescenti-glandulosa, caule brevissimo parce fasciculatim ramoso, rainis seu pedunculis valde elongatis nudis unifloris, calyce profunde 5-fido lobis subulato-acumi- natis, corollse tubo longe exserto curvato, labiis erecto-patentibus concavis, superiore bifido, inferiore trifido, lobis integris, filamentis inclusis glabris, antheris cilialis. — Nutt. Gen. v. 2. p. 59.— O. uniflora. L.— Mich.— PL— EH. Hab. Canada. Ph. Newfoundland. Mits Brenton. ' 2. epiphegus. iVttrt. I: ' ' ' Polygama. Cat. abbreviatus, 5-dentatus. Cor. floris sterUis ringens, compressa, 4-fida, labio inferiore piano: floris ^;-/tYu minuta 4-dentata, decidua. Caps, truncata, obliqua, 1- locularis, subbivalvis hinc deliiscens. — Aphylla, parasitica ad radices Fagi. — Nutt. I. E. Americana. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 60. — O. Virginiana. L. — Mich. Ph. Ell. Hab. Canada. Mr. Cleghorn, Mrs, Percival, Mrs. Sheppard. New Brunswick. Mr. Kendal, (v , , „ ir, Ord. LXVII. SCROPHULARINE^. Jms«. , ^. . , Tmb. Vs.KBhsct.M. Benth. in Bot. Reg. sub folio VTIQ. 1. VERBASCUM.* Z.— B«icleMreil Undi, MpMiallj tSitt tha wood* Imto been deatroyed by fire, though not a plant had preTi- outly been leen within the compaM of a hundred milei. 2. y. Blattaria. L.—Mich — PurBh.—M.—Torr. ' Hai. Lake Huron (abundant> Dr. Todd. 2. SCROPHULARIA. L.—Bmth, I. e. I. S. Marylandica. L. — Ph. EIL—S. nodosa, var. Mich. Ha». Canada. Mri. Percival, &e., and thence to the Pacific. DougUu, Dr. Stouter. Trib. ANTiRRHiNEiE. Chavomet. Bentk. I. c. 3. LINARIA. I'oum. Senth. I. e. 1. L. vulgaris. Mcench. — Antirrhinum Linaria. L. — Nutt. — E. Bot. t. €58. Has. Canada, naturalized. Mr$. Sheppard. Mr$, Percival. 2. L. Canadensis; erecta glabra glauca, foliis linearibus obtusis, floribus racemosis, labio inferiore maximo palate obsoleto, calcare subulato, stolonibus procumbentibus. — Spreng. — Hook. Bot. Mag. t. S47S.— Antirrhinum Canad. L.— Ph.— Ell. Hai. Canada. Ph. PlentiAil in the (wampy toils between Fort Vancouver and the Grand Rapids. Doygia*. Trib. Salpiulossidijb. Benth. I c. 4. COLLINSIA. Null. Cor. basi supra gibba, limbo valde irregulari 5-fido. Caps, globosa, 4-valvis. Benth I. c. 1. C. grandiflora; caule erecto, foliis lineari-oblongis basi angustatis, pedunculis verticil- latis floribus brevioribus, corollae laciniis dilatatis retusis, calyce glabro corolla duplo bre- viore.— Z.iWA Bot. Reg. t. 1107. Hab. Dry gravelly banks of the Columbia. DougUu. Dr. ScouUr. Dr. Qairditer. Wallaaet River. Mr. Tolmie. — Probably the C. vio/acea of Nutt., of which I possess specimens from the author, is not distinct from this. The form of the leaves, and shorter peduncles, will readily distinguish it from C. vema. 2. C. paucijlora; caule prostrate, foliis oblongo-Ianceolatis infimis ovatis petiolatis, pe- dunculis axillaribus solitariis floribus multo longioribus, corollee laciniis subacutis integris, calyce pubescente corollae subsquali. — Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1082. Has. Moist places of the Columbia, from its source to the Pacific. DougUu. Dr. Scouler. Dr. Oaird- ner. Saskatchawan. Dr. Bichardton. Lake Winipeg. Caplain Back. Trib. DioiTALEJE. Benth. Lc. ^ ' 5. CHELONE. L.— Benth. Cor. labium superiiis amplum concavum. Stamen quintum praesens sterile. Semina membranacea alata. Benth. I. c. I. C. glabra; foliis ovato-lanceolatis inaequaliter serratis, floribus dense spicatis, corolise limbo contracto.— i/. — Mich. Ph. Nutt EU.—et var. 0. lanceolate Nutt. Has. ». and fi. Canada. Newfoundland. Dr. Moriton. New Brunswick. Mr. Kendal. ^-'- ■■ PtHttltmOH.] SCROPHULARINEiE. 95 8. C. ramtua; foliis ovatis acuminatis serratis, superioribus amplexicauHbua cordatis, pedunculis nudis trifloris pubescentibus. Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1211. Hab. Mountain woods near ipringt and rivuleU, N.W. America. Oonghu (Sot, Rtg.) 6. PENTSTEMON.* L'Hirit. Benth. ' ' Cor. laciniflB subplanae. Stamen quintum praesens sterile. Semina nuda. Benth. I. c. 1. P. glanduhsus; elutus glanduloso-pubescens, foliis radicalibus ovatis grosse dentatis, caulinis cordatis acutis amplexicauHbua subintegerrimis, calyce capsulam glabram subaa- quante, corolla speciosa, filamenti rudimento glabro. — Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1262. Hab. Undulating^ ground of Lewis and Clarice's River, near the Forhi, among small stones (not com- mon). Douglai — Mr. Douglas' native specimens are in fruit. The flowers as shown in the Bot. Reg. are very large, and pale purple. 2. P. serrulatut (Ulsnz. ma.)\ caule glabro, foliis omnibus argute serratis superioribus ovatis subhastatis, panicula bi-trifurcata, filamento sterili barbato. Sm. in Ree^ Cycl. n. 5. Hai. N.W. Coast of America. A. Menziei, Etq, — My specimens of this are not very perfect) but it iieems to have many characters io common with the following. S. P, diffuma; caule ramoso, foliis ovato-oblongis glabris inoequaliter serratis, pedunculis axillaribus multifloris, calycibus turbinatis laciniis laceris aristatis. Dougl. in Bot, Reg. t. 1182. Hab. Common on limestone Rocks of the Columbia at the Grand Rapids. Douglat. — Flowers nu- merous, large, purple. 4. P. venustus; caule suifruticoso erecto glabro, foliis sessilibus rectis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis denticulatis glabris, floribus paniculatis, corollis ventricosis ciliatis, calycibus glaberrimis, antheris pilosis. {Lindl.) — Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1309. Hab. Gravelly channels of rivulets near the Blue Mountains and near tbo source of the Wallawalla River.— This fine species, with large pale purple flowers, bears the name of P. ttfffruticotttt, Dougl. ms. in my herbarium. Dr. Lindley points out its near afiinlty with P. diffruui, from which, he observes, it differs " caule magis erecto, foliis sessilibus longioribus reotioribus, corollae colore obscuriore, calycibusque gla- berrimis." 5. P. glaucua; caule herbaceo glabriusculo, foliis omnibus glaberrimis radicalibus lan- ceolatis petiolatis integerrimis denticulatisve, caulinis bracteisque ovato-lanceolatis sessili- bus amplexicaulibus, panicula thyrsoidea, corollis inflatis calycibusque extus glanduloso- pubescentibus, filamento sterili porrecto barbato. {Lindl.) — Grah. in James. Journ.July, 1829. p. 348. Bot. Reg. t. 1286.— P. gracilis. Bot. Mag.Jbl. 2945. as to the description, not ihe ^gure. Hab. According to Dr. Graham, the seeds of this were sent to Edinburgh by Dr. Richardson, from Mr. Drummond's collection; but it does not appear to exist in the Herbarium. By some misunderstanding, I * Of this difficult, and now (mainly by the laboun of Mr. Douglas) extensive genus, I gladly avail myself of the t-haracters drawn up by Dr. Lindley, in the Bot. Reg., from living specimens of the majority of the species, '''>"> distinguishing marks are with difficulty recognizable in dried specimens, The SCROPHULARINEiC. [PtnMemon. wu induced to bellere thitt Dr. Orkhkm't pUnt wm the tama m odd of Mr. Drummond'i, of which I then had a drawing, (P. ffraeilit, Nutt.)i and I inadrertently gave Dr. Oraham'i doicription with that ipedet. With P. glmmu I am entirely unacquainted, unlets it bo, ai I cannot help iUipcctlng, from the figure and the two llnei of hairt doicribed by Dr. Graham within the undot lip, a variety of P. puheteetu. Floweri varied with white and purple, 6. P. ovatua; herbaceus, floribus caulc pcilunculisque glaniluloso-pilosis, foiiis cordato- ovatis amplexicaulibus ginbris grouc ilentatis, infcrioribus lunge pctiolatis, corollis tubulo sift, fliamento sterili apice barbato bosi unidcntnto.— i)ou/7/. in Bot. Mag, t. S003. Hab. Grand Rapidi of the Columbia. Douglai. Wallamet River. Mr. Tolmii. — Flower* moderately large, of a bright ultramarine blue. 7. P.pruinotua; foiiis ceesiis, radicalibus pctiolatis integris dentatisve, caulinis dentatis scssilibus, brncteis superioribus intcgris, floribus vertit-illatis, cnlycibus bracteisquc villosis, corollis glubriscalycc duple longioribus, limbi laciniis rotundatis intcgris. {Lhidi.) — Dougl. Dot. Reg. t. 1280. HiiB. Junction of the Oakanagan River, and on the liigh bank* of the Columbia, near the Prieit'* Rapid. Douglas. — Flower* rather *ma]l, brilliant blue. 8. P. Richardsonii; caule herbaceo, foiiis scssilibus pinnatifidis, calycibus glanduloso- pubescentibus, laciniis ovatis acutis, corolla; labio supcriore bilobo, infcriore trilubo trans- verso, pedunculis racemosis bi-trifloris. (Lindl.) — Dougl. in Rot, Reg. t. \\2\. Hook. Dot. Mag. t. 3391.— i3. minor. Has. On the Columbia and it* tributary *trcam*. Dotiglat.—VXcwtn large, purple. 9. P. triphyHus; herbaceus humilis, foiiis ternis quaternisve glabris incisis, infcrioribus oblongis, floralibus integerrimis, pedunculis bi-trifloris cnlycibusque arachnoideis, corollte nciniis oblongis obtusis, labii inferioris ocqualibus. (Lindl.) — Dougl. in Dot. Reg. t. 124n. Hab. Rock* of the River Wallawallah, near the base of the Bluo Mountains, N.W, America. Douglai. >- Flowers much smaller than tho preceding, bluish purple. 10. P. Scouleri; suffrutioosus, foiiis obovato-lanceolatis serrulatis supremis integerrimis obtusis, floribus solitariis racemosis, corollis (speciosis) ventricosis serrulatis, anthcris lana- tis. (Lingl.)— Dougl. in Dot. Reg. t. 1277. Hab. N.W. Coast of America. Memies in Herb, nostr. Rocks and mountains about the Kettle Falls, and near the sources of the Columbia. Douglas. — Flowers large, pale purple. In drying, the whole plant becomes black. 11. P.deutatus; caule subsimplici ascendente glabro, foiiis inciso-serratis, radicalibiis ovato-oblongis, proximis spatbulatis, caulinis oblongis acutis scssilibus, supremis subinte- gris, calycibus glabris, limbi plani laciniis retusis supremis minoribus. (Lindl.) — Dougl. in Dot. Reg. t. 1318. Hab. Lewis and Clarke's River, between the Forks and Its confluence with tho Columbia, and at tho junction of Spokan River. Douglas. — Flowers pale sulphur-yellow. 12. P. con/ertus; foiiis integerrimis glabris, radicalibus spatbulatis acuminatis ionge pe- t'enlilemim.] SCROPHULARINEiB. 91 tiolatii, luperioribus sessilibus ovatis acumiimtii, verticillis multifloris confertii lub- opliyllis, corolla calycc longiore. {LimU.) I)uugl. in Dot, Reg, t. 1200, Hai, Mounlain I'lno woodi, In dry lanily •oil*, bctwurii Sulinoii Klvur aiul tliu Kettle Falli of tlie ColuDibia, and in tlio vulluya uf llio Kociiy Mountain!, at uii ulevatlun of 7000 feot above the level of tliu •ca. DougUiM. — Floweri iniali, crowded, iul|iliur-yullow, 13. P.proreriu; lierbuceus caule ereclo stricto subsimplici, foliis Innceolatis intcger- rimis, ini'erioribus petiolatis Mupcrioribiis RcsHilibus subcotumtis, floribus verlicillatu- spicatis, cnlycis segmetitiii nutinbrnnnceo-luciniatis mucroiintis, filiimento sterili edentulo. —Dougl. in Dot. May. t. a95i. Grah. in Ed. Phil. Journ. July, 1880. Had. Plulna nftlio Saal(ntcliawan to tlio Rnel;d wiili ) rcddiT tiniro V.r Pouj;I>>' kpeclmeni are very luiuriant, '2-;) feet \\\^\\, tlioio from tho Siiskutcliuwan I f-j:'. 'i I'l l"ulie^, 14. P. atlenuatus ; caulo stricto npice piloso, fuiiis rndicnlfl.r^ eliip.-cis aciitis pptiu- latis, superioribus ovato*oblongis nmplcxicaulil)us sessilil' ts, oinnibu.^ g'.nbris integt'" rimis, panicula stricto, cnlycibus corc'lisquc pubescciitlbns, 'Mp:;uiiH ^i • j«irrimi .. ( Liiidi ) Dougl. in Dot Ikg. t. 1295. Had. Mounlainn of Lowi» and Clarli'ii River. yJow(;/««.'-'')ow«r» modM.>»(cly hrifc, (•»!(•,»•!•'')'•'/.— My •pecimons, liowovcr, under thit name from Douglas, have doci.Itdly [lurnlQ (lo'viri i uid uxa ii~-l'lo»?i» rather largo, bright purple. 16. P. pultesceus ; caule pubescente erecto, foliis lato-lanceoiatis lanceolutisve cljntalc- serratis infimis subspathulatis siipremis basi subcordatis, panicula laxa crecca, jiidunRulis plurifloris, corollce tubo elongoto, labio superiore bifiilo breviore, inferiore •^jorrecto triljbo intus filamentoque sterili apice dense fulvo-barbatis. Ait. ilort. Xew. v. S. p. 36C, l/iV/. — Ph.— a, latifolius. Sims, Dot. Mag. t. MSt.— ,3, ungustitblius. Hab. Upper Canada. Lady Dalhousie. Lako Huron. Dr To^rf.- ••Fl'-'ver'n.h>le srfl'uwd with purple and rod. I cannot diatinguiah the P. lavigatus specifically 'Voni tiic pvosti t. Nu'la'il jimlly observes, that both are hairy (they have two bright yellow tufks) on tho base of the lower Vip wiliiji : as also has P. ijlaii- cua. Grah. 17. P, gracilis ; caule erecto gracili, foHis magii ;ninusve serratis glabris, inferioribus spathulatis caulinis lanceolntis bns'. suLoordatis, panicula laxa stricta pubescente, pedun- culis plurifloris, coroilff tubo elc.ngato labio superiore bifido breviore, inferiore porrecto VOL. II. N - Sy 98 SCROPHULARINEiE. [Penlstemon. 3-lobo intus nudo, filamento stcrili fulvo-barbato. — Nutt, Gm. v. 2. p. 522. Hook, BoL Mag. t. 2945. (excl. deter, et syn. P. glauci.) Hab. Red River and the Saika. ' ^n. Dr Sichardton. Drummond. Douglas. — Flowen long, piir- plish-blue, slightly tinged with green be.ieath. 18. P. speciosus; glaucus, glaber, foliis integerrimis ; radicalibus spathulatis; cau- linis lanceolatis subundulatis sessilibus, floribus verticillatim paniculatis, corolla; lobis subsqualibus rotundatis, rudimento glaberrimo. {Lindl.) — Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1270. Hab. On the high sandy banlis of the Columbia, near Oakanagan, and on Spokan River. Douglas. — A splendid species, with very brilliant blue flowers slightly tinged with blush. i9. P. Tolmiei; hutnilis herbaceus csespitosus glaberrimus, foliis lanceolatis acutis sub- coriaceis integerrimis marginatis sessilibus sub lente impresso-punctatis inferioribus petiolatis, verticillis florum racemosis densis, pedicellis plurifloris brevibus, coroUis parvis, limbi laciniis acutis subffiqualibus, capsulis fuscis calycem aequantibus. Hab. Mt. Rainier, N. of the Columbia Mr Tolmie.—\ very distinct species, scarcely a span high, with woody horizontal roots, sending out copious fibres below, and above numerous tufted stems. The specimens are all in fruit : one withered corolla alone remaining, which is scarcely half-an-inch long, with acute segments to the limb. Inflorescence almost spicate. 20. P. frutescens ; caule fruticoso, ramis angulatis .«uperne pubescentibus, foliis lan- ceolatis obsolete denticulatis sessilibus glabriusculis, racemis terminalibus subcorym- hosis, niamento sterili longitudinaliter barbato. (Ph.) — Lamb, in Linn. Tram. v. 1. p. 259. Ph. Am. v. 2. p. 428. Digitalis dasyantha. Pal. MS. (fide Lamb.) Hab. Unalaschka. Pallas. North-west coast. Lewis, {fide Pursh.) — A most beautiful shrubby plant, with leaves 3-4 inches long and.l inch broad. I know not in what pakticular part of the N.W. coast Lewis gathered it. Pallas is reported to have found it also in Kamstchatka ; but notwithstanding I have received several collections from these three stations, I have never been so fortunate as to obtain a speci- men ; nor have I ever seen one. 21. P. Menziesii; fruticosus liumilis vage ramosus, foliis glabris obovato-cuneatis obtusis coriaceis apicem versus serratis brevi-petiolatis, racemis terminalibus, floribus speciosis oppositis tubuloso-campanulatis. — Gerardia fruticosa. Ph. Am. v. 2. p. 423. t. 18. Hab. Nutka. A. Menzies, Esq. In groat abimdance in the Pine forests of the Rocky Mountains. Lewis, (ex. Purih.) I am not suro how far Mr Lewis' stations ibr plants, as given in Pui.)ii, are to be (1ep tonardt the mountaini. Douglas. fi. M, alsinoides (Dougl. mst.) ; gracilis glaberrimus difFusus, foliis omnibus petiolatis ovatis cordatisque sinuato-dentatis, pedunculis axillaribus unifloris folio duplo triplove longioribusi calycibus ovatis dentibus perbrevibus subsequalibus, corolla flava maculis purpureis.— 13. minimus ; caule subnullo 1-3-floro. Benth. in Scroph. Ind. adnot. p. 29. Hab. N.W, Coast. Memiei (in Herb, nostr.). Tongue Point and other moist rocky places of the Columbia. Douglas. Dr Scouler. 6. M. Scouleri } glaberrimus, caule erecto basi ramoso, foliis petiolatis lanceolatis dentatis 5-nerviis iloralibus brevioribus subovatis, pedunculis folio brevioribus, calycibus demum inflatis. Hab. Columbia River. Dr Scouler. — There arc no flowers to these specimens, but the loaves are very different from any of the preceding in shape, and very unlike the M. ritigens in nervation and in the calyx, , 7. Hf. roseus (Lindl.) ; erectus, pubescenti-viscidus, foliis ovato-acuminatis d-nerviis sessilibus inferioribus priEcipue dentatis subcequalibus, corolla; laciniis lato-oblongis ob- tusis subaequalibus. — Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1591. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3353. M. Lewisii. Ph. Am. 2. p. 427 ?— /3. glabrior. Hab. p. Mountains N. of the Smoking River (Drummond) ; apparently very rare, or too early for the blossoming, for there are only two specimens in the collection, and only one in flower ; and these are more glabrous than Mr Douglas's specimens, which, as far as I know, were all gathered in California,— I think the M. Lewisii, Ph. is probably a dwarf state of this species. 8. M. ringens. L. — Bot. Mag. t. 426. Ph. Am. 2. p. 420. Hab. Throughout Canada lo the Saskatchawan. 9. M. primuloides (Benth.); caule perbrevi parce birsuto stolonifero subulato, foliis sessilibus obovatis nervosis obscure dentatis glaberrimis, pedunculo elongato solitario ter- minali, calycibus tubulosis breviter dentatis, — Benth. I. c. p. 29. Hab. N.W. Am. Douglas (last journey).— A very beautiful little plant, with a habit something like Pi/rola uniftora. 8. GRATIOLA. L. 1. G. Virginica. L Ph. Am. 1. p. 12. Hab. Canada. Mrs Percival. LaVo Winipeor. Dr Richardson. Plains of the Red River ; and sandy soil on the N.W. Coast. Douglas. Walla- Wallah River. Tolmie. 9. LIMOSELLA. L. 1. L. aguatica. L. — E. B. t. 357. — L. subulata. Eat. Am. Bot. Hab. York Factory, Hudson's Day, Drummond, — This is quite the same with our European plant. Eaton's L. subulata, according to specimens received from Mr Greene, only differs in its narrower leaves, in which state it is sometimes found in Europe. Veronica.} SCROPHULARINEiE. 101 Trib. Veronices. Benth. I.e. * 10. VERONir/.X.— Benrt. 1. V. alpina. L.—E. Bot. ^484. — /3. Wormsi.ioldii ; elatior simplex, foliis multo majo- ribus, calyce capsulaque glanduIoso-liirsutiEi • ois. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2975. var. Una- laschkensis. Cham. et. Schkcht. in Linncea, v. 2. p. 556. — V. Wormskioldii. B. et S. Had. M. Rainier. N. of the Columbia R. Mr Tolmie.~fi. Alpine Prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Labrador. Dr Morison. Unalaaclika. Chamiaso. — It is frequent in Greenland. 2. V. nutans (Bong.); corymbo terminal! caule simplicissimo nutante, foliis sessilibus ovatis serratis acutiusculis, capsula subglabra calycem subcequante.— ^on^.^e^e^. de Sitcha. p. 39. Hab. Sitcha, N.W.C. Bongard.—'V)M specimen which M. Bongard has kindly sent to me appears to differ from V. alpina li. only in being more glabrous, and in having the upper part of the stem drooping ; but that author rather compares it with V. Stelleri, to which he says it is " maxime affinis, iSA distincta caule semper nutante, corymbo paucifloro, floribus triplo minoribus, corolla intus glabra, capsula subglabra (nee pilosa), calycem vix superante (nee sesquilongiore), stylo calyce multo brcviore terminata." 3. V. Stelleri (Pall.) ; caule simplici hirsute, foliis sessilibus cordatis serrato-crenatis obtusis, racemo brevi, bracteis crenatis pedicello brevioribus, calyce hirsuto. — Link, in R. et S. Syst, Veg. v. 2. Mant. p. 102. Cham, et Schkcht. in Linnaa. 2. p. 557. Hab. Unalaschka. Chamisso. — The habit and leaves are those of V. Pona, and the capsule similar to that of V. alpina fi., Aom which the foliage and longer style, and larger and more pedicellated flowers, will distinguish it. 4. V. serpyllifolia, L.—E. B. t. 1075. Ph. Am. 1. p. 1 1. Hab. From Unalaschka in the north, throughout British America (in the Rocky Mountains, becoming var. humifma), and thence south, throughout the whole Continent of America, to the Falkland Islands. 5. V. Beccabunga. L.—E. B. t. 635. Ph. Am. 1. ;». 11. Hab. Canada to Norway House. 6. V. Anagallis. L.—E. B. t. .781 Ph. Am.\p.U. Hab. Throughout Canada, to the Rocky Monntains. Drummonrf. T^.Vf.C. Douglas. Sitcha. Bongard. 7. V. scutellata. L.—E. B.t. 182. Ph. Am. l.p.W. Hab. Canada to English River. X)r /.(cAart/jon. Abundant in N.W, Am. Douglas. Tolmie. 8. r. Chamdrys. L.—E. B. t. 623. Hab. Canada. Mrs Sheppard. — Scarcely indigenous, 9. V. peregrina. L. — F, Dan. p. 407. Ph. Am. \.p, 11. Cham, et Schkcht. in Linnaa. a. p. 559. Hab. Throughout Canada to Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. Common on the margins of lakes, and still streams in N.W. Am. Douglas. Dr Scouler. — This, like theF. serpyllifolia, extends over the whole of the New World, and I possess specimens from the extreme point of S. America, gathered by Mr Darwin, Chamisso and Schlechtendal refer to it, as synonyms, V. Romana. L., V. Xalapensis, Chilensis, and Peru- viana. Humb., V. Marylandica. Murr., V. Caroliniana. Wall., and, V. camosula. Lam. «;:. i?l 103 SCROPHULARINE^E. [Gymnandra. II. WULFENIA. Jacq. Col. 4-5-partitus. Cor, tubulosa subbilabiata, fauce hirsuta, labio superiore integro, inferiore 3-lobato. Stam. 2, labio superiorie adpressa. Stylus simplex ; stigmate obtuso. Capsula compressa, bivalvis, superne ad marginem utrinque debiscens. Semina plurima. — Hetbee foliis plerisque radicalibus petiolatis. Flores racemosi, bracteati. 1. fV. rentformis (Dougl. Mst.) ; foliis radicalibus longe petiolatis reniformibus crenatis, scapo bracteato laxe racemoso, calycibus 4-partitis longe ciliatis. (Tab. CLXXI) Bentli. in Scroph. Ind, p. 46. (in not.) Shigoma perennis, repens, fibras copiof m emittens. Folia radicalia longe petiolata, comceo-membranacea. glabra vol pilis deciduis spargia hirsuta, ronirormia v. cordato-reniformia, crenata. Petiolus digitalis, glabra vel dcciduo-pilosa. Scapus llorifcr longitudinc fuliorum, dcmum fructiferus clongatus, foliis subduplo longior, crectus, nudus vcl nudiusculus. Flores in raccmum laxum dispositi, bracteati, bractois ovatis pcdiccllo brcvi- oribus. Cali/x 4-paTtitus, laciniis ovato-lanceolatia acutis planis apprcssis longe ciliatis. Corolla calycc duplo longior, aubinrundibuliformi-tubulosa, caerulea, limbo subbilabiato, labio superiore integro, inf. 3-lobato, lobis sub(c<]ualibu9. Stamina 2, fauci liirsutic inacrta, filamcntis subulatis ezsertis. Anthene magna;, dorso affixae, biloculares. Ovarium subglobosum comprcssum. Slylus iiliformis, tubo corolln brevior. Stigma obtusum. Capsula elliptica nigra membranacea obscure reticulata compressa, bilocularis ; superne ad marginem utrinque dehiscentes, ut in Veronicis plerisque. Ditsepimentum e margtnibus introflexis valvarum arctc cohicrentibus. Hab. Common about the Grand Rapids of the Columbia, and in the Tallies of the Blue Mountains. Douglas. Woods N.E. of Fort Vancouver. Dr Gairdner. — A genus differing in habit, but in fructification nearly allied to Veronica. Tab. CLXX. Wdlfbnia BENiroBMis.— /*/;/. 1, Flower j /. 2, the same laid open ; /. 3, Capsule ; /. 4, Transverse section of do. below the middle : — magnified. 12. GYMNANDRA. Pall. Calyx bipartitus, spatbaceus v. 0. Cor. labium superius integrum : inferius 2-3-par- titum. Stam. 2 ad basin labii superioris, exserta. Capsula bilocularis, " loculis mono- spermis." — Herbac siccitate nigricantes. Folia radicalia petiolata, caulina superiora bractei- formia. Flores spicati densi, bracteati. 1. G, Gmelini (Cham, et Sclil.); foliis radicalibus subrotundo-aut elongato-ovatis basi parum attenuatis obtusiuculis grosse inaequaliter crenatis, staminibus labio superiore duplo brevioribus, stylo illo breviore. Lintiaa, 2. p. 661 — G. ovata. IVilld. Mag. Ges. Nat. t. \Q. f, 8. — G. reniformis. WiUd. I. c. — G. borealis. var. Pall. — Logotis glauca. Gartn. — Bartsia Gymnandra. Willd.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 430. Hab. Unalaschka. Chamisso. — Whole plant very glabrous, succulent, and thick. If this is really the plant of Lewis, mentioned by Furah, it is also found in the Columbia. 2. G. Stelleri (Cham, et Scblecht.); foliis radicalibus oblongis utrinque infra vero magis attenuatis acutis inoequaliter obtuse serratis, staminibus iere longitudine labii supe- rioris, stylo illo longiore. — Linnaa, 2, p. 563. Hook, et Am. in Bot, of Beech. Voy. p. 128. — G. minor, G. dentata et G. gracilis. JVilld. I. c. p. 393, et seq. t. 9. — G. borealis. Pall. Hab. Bay of St Lawrence. Chamisso, , Coast of the Artie Sea. Dr Richardson, Immarook, Kotce- bue's Sound. Lay and Co//ie.— Glabrous like the last. Bomameiffla.'] SCROPHULARINEiE. 108 3. G. rubra (Dougl. mst.) ; foliis radicalibus longe petiolatis late ovatis subcordatis obtusis profunde duplicato-crenatis, caulinis minoribus superioribus sessilibus sensim in bracteis ovatis abeuntibus, spica gracili densatota lanato-hirsuta, calycibus nuUis, coroUis parvis, staminibus styloque longe exsertis. (Tab. CLXXH) Radix e flbris craMiuiculis, simplicibiM, deicendentibus. Caulii ereetiu, pedalu, foliotus, timples, superne prcecipuc totoentosus. 5/)ica elongata, bracteata. £rleaved state of the present. 5. C. miniata (Dougl. msu); glabra v. apice pilosa, foliis caulinis integris calycibus utrinque prssertim infra iissis, segmentis apice bifidis laciniis lanceolatis oblongisve corollas tubum vix oequantibus. DetUh. Hab. Blue Mountains, N.W. America. Dougl. Tolmie. — " The flower, though generally altogether shorter than in C. pallida, bos yet usually the whole upper llp'cxserted from the calyx." 17. EUPHRASIA. X. 1. E. officinalia. L.—E. Bot. t. 14l'>3. Ph. Am. 2. p. 430.— 0. var. rotundifoliu, laxi- flora.— £. latifolia. Ph. I. c. {non L.) Hab. Canada and Newfoundland, to lat. 64° N. (i>r Richardson.) fi. Prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. • , 18. BARTSIA. L. 1. B. alpina. L.—E. Bot. t. 361. PA. Am. 2. p. 480. Hab. Labrador. Kohlmei$ter. Dr Moriton. 19. RHINANTHUS. X. 1. R. Crista Galli. L.—E. Bot. t. 637. Ph. Am. 2. p. 429. Had. Newfoundland, and throughout Canada, to the shores of the Slave Lake, and to Fort Franklin. (Dr Richardson.) Prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Fort Vancouver on the Cniunibia. Dr Scouler. 20. MELAMPYRUM. X. 1. M. aylvaticum. L. — E. Bot. t. 804. — M. Americanum. Mich. — M. lineare. Lam. —Ph. Am. 2. p. 430. Had. From Lake Huron, and throughout Canada, to the plains of the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson, Drummond. — I quite agree with Mr Bcntham, who considers this plant identical with our Europiean M. sylvaticum ; varying, however, mnch in the breadth of the foliage, and in the entire or toothed bractese. 21. PEDICULARIS. X. § I. Pehsonata:. Stev.—labio inferiore erecto. 1. P. capitata (Adams in Mem. Nat. Cur. 5. p. 100); subpubescens, caule brevi subapliyllo, foliis pinnatis pinnis inciso-pinnatifidis, floribus pnucis capitatis, corolla cnlyce quadruple longiore corolla: clausic labio inferiore dupio breviore, galea obtusa, stylo exserto. Stev. Monogr. Pedicul.in Mem. Soc, Imp. Mote. v. 6. p. 19. t. 3. /. 2, — P. NeU sonii. Br. in Rich. App. p. 743. Hook, in App. to Parry's Second Voy, p. 402. t. 1. — P. verticillata. Ph. Am. 2. p. 426. (non Willd.) Hab. Arctic Sea.shorc and Islands. Dr Richardson. Capt. Sir E. Parry. Behring's Straits. Zangs- dorff. Chamisso. Beechey. ',-'•' Pedieularit.] SCROPHULARINEiG. m 2. P. lanceolata (Mich.); caule erecto folioso, foliis oppositis lanceolatis duplicatu- inciso-crenatis, floribus dense spicatis, corollae clauste (calyce tripio longioris) labiis sub- (equalibus, galea subrostrata. Ph. Am, 2. p. 425. Stev. I. c, p. 18. t. 4i./. 2. — P. Virginica. Pair. — P. pallida. Nutt. — 13. corolla breviore. Hab. Canada. Mr Ooldie.—H. St Clair Bay, Upper Canada. Mr Ji. MNab.—Vppet Canada is pro- bably the northern limit of thii fine specie). § II. VERTiciLLATiE. Stev.—fdHs quotemis. 3. P. Chamissonis (Stev.); glaberrima erecta simplex, foliis quaternis pinnatiiidis inciso-serratis, floribus verticillatis in spicam interruptam, corollae galea uncinata. Stev. I. c. p. 20. Hab. Unalaschka. Langsdorffand Chamisso. (_Herb, noslr.) , 4. P. verticiUala (Linn.) ; foliis quaternis pinnatifidis laciniis obtusis, floribus verti- cillato-spicatis, corollae galea recta obtusa labium inferius suboequante, calyce quinque- dentato. Stev. I. c. p. 24. Cham, el SclUecht. in Linnaa, 2. p. 582. Hook, et Am. Bot. Beech, p. 128. Hab. Kotzebue's Sound. Beechey, Chamisso. Sitcha. Bongard. § III. Faucidentes. Stev. — Cor. lab. sup. utrinque infra med, dentato. 5. P. IVlassowiana {Stev.); corollae labio superiore antice rectilineo, denticulo infra medium. Stev. I. c. p. 27. t. 9. /. I. — P. macrodontis. Rich. App. p. 24. — P. palustris. Hook, et Am. Bot, Beech, p. 128. Hab. Plains of the Saskatchawan ; and York Factory, Hudson's Bay. Dr Richardson. Drummond. N.W. Coast. Mr Menzies. Kotzebue's Sound. Beechey.—" Readily distinguished from P. palustris by the smaller flowers, without any tooth at the apex, but only one on each side, near the base." {Benth.) Mr Bentham also remarks that probably Wahlenberg's Swedish, and Chamisso's N. American P. palustris, belong to this species, as is certninly the case with Dr Amott's and my " P. palustris," from Kotzebue's Sound. On the other hand, Turcznaninow's Dahurian specimens, under the name of P. Wlassowiana, are a var. of P. palustris. 6. P. palustris (Linn.) ; corollae labio superiore denticulo infra medium, galea dilatata gibba. Stev. I. c. p. 28. E. Bot. t. 399 &. parviflora. Benth. mst. Hab. Newfoundland. Dr Morison. — 0. Carlton House Fort. Dr Richardson. § IV. RosTRAT/E. Stev. — Cor. lab. sup. bast edentulo, rostrato, t. P. surrecta (Benth. mst.); erecta glabra, foliis pinnatisectis segmentis lanceolato- linearibus subcartilagineo-serratis, spicis elongatis raultifloris, calycibus tnbulosis 5-den- tatis, dente supremo minore lateralibus altius crenatis corollae galea fornicata calycem subduplo superante in rostrum subulatum surrectum calycem plus tripio superantem desinente. Benth. Hab. N. West Interior. Douglas (last journey). — *' Corollie duplo majores quam in sequentc." 10S SCROPHULAniNEiE. [Pedicufnrit, H. /'. Groenlandica (Iletz, Ob», 4. t. 1); erecta glabra, foliis pinimtiiectis segmentisi Innceolato-linearibus Kubcaitilngiiieo-serrntis, spicis elongatis inultifloris, calycibus tubu- lusis 5-dentati8 deiite supremo niinore lateralibus altius connatis, corolloD galea furnicatu calycem vix superante in rostrum subulatum surrectum calycem dupio superantem de- sinente. Benth.—Stev, I. c. p. 32. Ph. Am. 2. p. 426. Had. Plaint of the Columbia and N. W. Coast. Lewis. DougUu. Labrador. Dr Moriton. Alpine inanhesofthe Rocky Mouiilaiiia, and York. Factory, Hudnon'i Bay. Drummond. 9. P. contorla (Benth. mst.); erecta glabra, foliis pinnatisectis segmentis linearibus inciso-serratis, spicis laxiusculis, calycibus campaiiulatis lacinia suprema parva lateralibun utrinque btisi latis connatis apice linearibus integris, corolla! tubo calycem lequante, galeae nrcuato; rostro linear! in labium inferius lutissimum decurvo, apice vix surreclo. Benth. Hab. Mt. Rainier, N. of the Columbia River. Tolmie. — A very fine apecies ; the neck of the root vary thick and woody, and bearing copious stems and leaves, the former 10 inches to a foot high. 10. P. racemosa (Dougl. mst.) ; udscendens glabra, foliis petiolatis lanceolatis dupli- cato-serratis, racemis elongatis laxis, calycibus bine fissis brevissime bifidis membranaceis obtusis, galeoc arcuatoc rostro subulato deflexo suberecto, labio latissimo. Benth. Hab. Abundant on (he summit of the high mountains of the Grand Rapids of the Columbia ; Douglas i gathered also in his last Journey. Mt. Rainier ; north of the Columbia. Tolmie. — A most distinct and re- markable plant, frequently with lax axillary leafy racemes. Allied (o P. teucriifolia, carnosa, and resu- pinata. {Benth.) 11. P. omithorhynchos (Benth. mst.) ; foliis ad basin caulis approximatis pinnatisectis, segmentis profunde pinnatifidif laciniis inciso-dentatis, calycibus ovato-inflatis breviter quinquefidi.s, laciniis integris subdentatisque, corollic tubo calycem vix superante, labio pntente, galea falcato-rostrata rostro tenui recto. Benth. Hab. Mt. Rainier, N.W. America. Tolmie. " A P. rotlrala cui affinis est diffcrt foliis magis dissectis, oalycis forma et corollie labio minorc.".— A humble growing plant, its scapes, or almost naked stems, scarcely more than 6 inches high, with copious foliage at the base, more than half the length of the scape. 12. P. Lapponica (Linn.) ; caule erecto simplici, foliis lanceolatis pinnatifidis laciniis lanceolatis incisis, calycibus ovatis brevissime dentatis subtus fissis, corollee galea uncinata, spica copitata laxa Stev. I. c. p. 35. Ph. Am. 2. p. 309. Rich. App. p. 24. Hab. Labrador. Kohlmeiiter. Dr Morison. Barren grounds between lat. 04° and tho Arctic Sea. Dr Richardson. — Corolla primulaceo-flava ; labio inferiore latiusculo reclinato trilobo, lobo intermedio minore rccurvo, lobis omnibus croso-dentatis ; galea in rostro brevi dcciso deorsum spectante attenuata. Stigma ex- pert um. § V. Bicu-spiDAT*. Stev.— Cor. lab. sup. basi edentulo, galea brevi apice bidentata. 13. P. Canadensis. Linn.— Ph. Am. 2. p. 425. Stev. I. c. p. 41.— 13. spica elongota. P. gladiata. Mich. Ph. Nutt Hab. Canada. Mrs Percival. Cleghom. Goldie ; ond from Lake Huron, Dr Todd, to (he Grand Rapid of the Suskalchawan, near Lake Winipeg. Douglas. Pedicularii.] SCROPHULARINEiE. IM 14. P. euphraiioides (StepU.) ; caule ramoso, foliis pinnatifidis infimii bipinnatifidis liiciniis oblongis dentatis, racemis terminulibus Inxis, calyce obtusu subtUR fisso supra brcvissime tridentato, corollae gulea convexa bidentata. — Gtnel. Sib, 3. t, 43. Slev, I, c. p. 42. PL Am. 2. p. 424.— P. Lnbradorica. L.—V. romosa. Wormskioldin Herb, noatr. Hab. MoUt moavy plucei. North of the Siskatchawan to the Arctic Sca-ihore. Dr RichartUon. Woodi of Pinui Banhsii in the Rocky Mountalni. Drummond. Labrador. Ko/ilmeitter. Dr Aforiion. Kot* zebuc'a Sound. Beechey. Chamiiso. — Dr Richurdion thut describe! the flower from living (pocimeni:^ " Cat. podunculatus glabriuscuiui biiabiatui, linu tuperiori ubtuio, iliiu infcriuri profiindlori aculo labiii uiii- dentatii. Cor. flava, tiibo calyco fore dupio longiori i labio inforiori 3-lobo, lobii rotundutii integorrimii t galea roatrata docisa bidentata i pistilio exierto." 15. P. nasuta (Bieb.) ; fuliis rndicalibiis longe petiolatis bipinnatifldis, laciniis angustis, scapo erecto subunifolioi spica capitata foliosa, cnlyce quinquefido piibesceiite, corollee galea arcnata brevissime rostrata bidentata. Stev. I. c. p. 43. t. 15. Hah. Sitcha. Bongard, who observes that his specimens arc the same with the original ones in Diebcr- stein's Herbarium from Kamtschatka. 16. P. Sudeticn (VVilld.); foliis pinnatifidis laciniis lanceolatis serratis, spica densa, calyce quinquefido, corollfe galea obtuse bidentata. Stev. I. c. p. 44. t. \b. f. 2. Rich. App. p. 25. cum descript, Hab. Boar Lake to the Arctic Sea-coast. Dr Richardson. Koizebue's Sound. Beechey. Chamiaso. — Of this plant Mr Uentham remarks, that the flowers are rather shorter, and the galea rather broader, especially near tlie base, than in the Sudotian plant. § VI. Edentul^.. Stev, — Cor. lab. sup. omnino edentulo galea brevi. 17. P. IjOngsdorffii (Fisch. mst.) ; foliis bipinnatifidis radicalibus copiosis c 'inorum radii dilntata, spica densa lannta, calyce quinquefido corolla quadruplo breviore, galea obtusa truncata (nonnunquam sub apice dentata). Stev. I. c. p. 49. t 9./ 2. (1823.) Cham, in Linncea, 2. p. 584. — P. arctica. Brown, in Parry's First Voy. App, p, CCLXX, — P. purpurascens. Spreng, — P. hirsuta. Rich. App. p. 25. {Jide specim. in Herb, nostr.)—^. ela- tior i foliis paucioribus, spica elongata laxiore, galea majore (an spec, distincta?). — y. spica maxima elongata, foliis bipinnatifidis, segmentis angustis. — P. lanata. Hook, et Am. in Beech, Bat. p. 128.— a« Cham, ? Hab. Behring's Straits. Mcnziet. Langidorff. Chamiuo, (Herb. nosh\) Melville Island. SirE. Parry. Summits of the Rocky Mountains, abundant. Drummond. — fi. Bear Lake River to the Arctic Sea. Dr Richardson. — y. Koizebue's Sound. Beechey. — Chamisso in the Linnaa (J. c.) considers the more common woolly spiked state of the plant to be a distinct species {P. lanata) : but it is that latter var. which Dr Fischer himself marked in my Herbarium as his P. Langsdorffli; and Steven's figure affords an accurate representa- tion of the more usual form of the plant. My var. 0, has a different appearance, and a longer, more in- curved, and blunter upper lip ; whilst my var. y. has a short and narrow upper lip, and leaves which arc finely cut in a pinnatifid manner. 18. P.hirsuta{hmn,)\ lanata, caule folioso, foliis pinnatifidis, racbiin petiolum foliaceum dilntata, spica foliosa, calyce quinquefido liirsuto, corollae calyce duplo longioris galea 110 SCROPHULARINEiE. [Pediculari$. obtufissima. Slev. I. c. p. &\. Rich. App, p. 25. Hooh. in Parrj^a 8d. Voy, App. p. 40S. Fl. Dan. t. 1 lOfi {bom). Hab. Arctic lilandi, frequent ; from the Continent I havo leen onljr one ipecimen, and that of gigantic growth (a foot tall), from Dear Lake, gathered by Dr liichardton In hi* Moond journey. The " P. hiriula" uf the former journey I refur tu P. Langtdurjfii {nrclica, lit.). The preiont may bo at once rccogniiod l)y tlie rcniarkubic dilatation of tlio petiole, of which tho rachii it an C(|ually broad continuation i and on thit, at the margins, arc (ot the little logincnti, or rather pinnuloi, like tho teeth on tho broad (nout of a (word-flih, at regular diitancet. Thii character hai not etcaped the notice of Wablenberg. The flowera are imallur, and much paler coloured than in the preceding. 10. P. flammea (Linn.); humilis, fuliis pra»:ipue radicalibua pinnatis pinnis ovatis retro-imbricatis dentatis, calyce 5-fido (glabra, peci«, found by Mr Ooughu in North California, with the flowem much reMmbliug those of rtetttUa : — ' P. (Edtntula) dmtiflora (Benth. mst.) ; erecta elata, foliis amplit profiindo pinnatifidis pianatiaectisve segmentis ovali-oblongii pinnatifidis, laciniis oblongis inciso^entatis, qiica denta multiflora, calyce inoqualiter &>dentuto, corolUa galea recta obtusa untice hiante, kbio minimo. Hab. N. California. Douglai, Lffcoput,] LADUT^. Ill Oan. LXVIII. LAMIATyE, Ju»». TiiiB. Menthoide;e. Benth. I. MENTHA. L. I. M. Canmkimi. lienth.—a. villosa. Denth. M. Conadeiisi*. L Ph. Am. 2, p. 405. — S. f/labrior. M. borealii. Mich, — Ph. Am. 2. p. 405. Hah. From Canada lo tho Mackenzie River. (Dr RichnrtUon.) Newroundland. Al)undanl in N.W, America. Om. The abovo tccmi to be the only indlgonoui Mint : but M. viridi; L. {M. lenuit, Mich, el Ph.), M. piperila, M. ar/ualica, and M. jmleijiuin, are uccoiionally found in cultlTated (proundi. a. LYCOPUS. L. 1. L. yirginiaia (Linn.); glabriusculus, caule l)asi stolonifero, fuliis oblongo>ellipticis iitrinque nngnstatis remote dentatis, cnlycibus 4-(1entatis, ilentibus uvatis obtusis, stami- num steriliuin rudimentis niillis. (Bcnth.) Ph. Am. 2. p. 16. Richarda. App.p. 2. — /3. pauciflorus. Benth — L. unifloriis. Mich. — L. pumilus. Vahl Ph. Hkb. I'Jaint of the Soiltatchawan. Drummond. 2. L. macrophylhu (Benth.) ; caule erecto firmo obtuse tctragono, fuliis petiolatis nmplis nvatis longe acuminatis grosse sinuato-dentatis bubi angustutis glabris, verticiilastris muU tifloris, calycibus irregulariter 4-5-dcntatis, dentibus ovatis obtusis, staininum rudimentis iiuliis(?)acheniis calycem icquantibus. Benth. Lab. Gen. et Sp. p. 185. — L. Virginicus.— 3, (luercifolius. Ph. Am. \. p. 16? Hab. Juan do Fuca, N.W. Cuait. Dr Scouler. 8. L, ol4u8ifoliu» (Mich. ex Vahl Eniim. 1. 212?); caule erecto firmo subsimplicii foliis scssilibus oblongo-ellipticis profunde serratis basi rotundato-angustatis, verticiilastris mul- tifluris, calycibus irregulariter 5-dentatis, acheniis calyce vix brevioribus, staininum rudimentis subnullis. Benth, I. c. p, 186. Ph, Am, 1. p, 16. Had. Curlton House Fort on tlio Saskatchawun. Drummond. Red River. Dougla$. 4. L. ainuatus (£11.) ; caule erecto acute tetragono glabriusculo, foliis petiolatis oblongo- lanceolatis utrinque angustatis infiuiis pinnatifidis mediis sinuato-dentatis supremis lineari- bus subintegerrimis, verticiilastris multifloris, calycibus 5-dentatis acutis, staminum sterilium rudimentis capitatis, acheniis tubo calycis brevioribus. Benth. I. c. p. 187. — L. Europocus. Mich, (non L.) — Ph, Am. 1. p, 16. — L. bracteatus and Americanus. Muhl. — a. disaecttia (Benth.) ; foliis plerumque pinnatifidis. L. exaltatus. Ell. (non L.) — S. vid- ^am (Benth.); foliis plerumque sinuatis. L. sinuatus. £//. — L. vulgaris. Nutt,—y.angus- /r/b/tus (Benth.); foliis plerumque linearibus subintegerrimis. L. angustifolius. Nutt, — L. longiflorus and L. longifolius. Rajin. — L. Pennsylvanicus. Muhl, Hab. Ttirougiiout Canada to tlie Saakatchawan. N. W. America, abundant. 112 LABIATiE. [Monurda. 3. SALVIA. X. 1. S. obovcUa. Ell. Carol. 1. p. 33. Beiith. I. c, p.ZQT. — S. lyrata, |3. obovata. PA. Am. \. p. 20. Dill. Elth. 219. t. 173. /. 216. Hab. Canada. Michaux .-—but I have never seen specimens from so far north. 4. AUDIBERTIA. Benth. Cal. ovatus, bilabiatus, labio superiore concavo integro v. breviter triJentato, inferioie bifiilo, intus fauce nuda. Corolla tubo calycem aM][uante vel exserto, limbo bilabiatu, labio superiore bifido lobis patentibus, medio Jatissimo emarginato. Stam. fertilia 2 (inferiora) adscendentia, saepius exserta, superiorum rudimenta parva claviformia v. nulla. AnthercB dimidiatse, connectivo linear! in filamentum articulato adscendente, apice an- theram linearem unilocularem ferente postice non producto v. brevissime acuminato. Styltis breviter subulato-bifidus. 1. A. incana (Benth); suifruticosa, ramis divaricatis ramosis canescentibus, foliis obovato-oblongis obtusis integerrimis basi angustatis canescentibus, iloraiibus bracteisque lato-ovatis, racenio simplici, genitalibus exsertis. Benth. in Bot. Reg, t. 1469. Lab. Gen. et Sp. p. 314. — Salvia carnosa. Dougl. mst. Hab. N.W. America ; at Priest's llapid on the Columbia and plains from Walla-waliali to Spolian Ilivers. Dr'iglas A very beautiful and very distinct genus, of which 8vo other species were found by Mr Douglas in Northern California. 5. MONARDA. L. 1. M, didyma (Linn.); fuliis petiolatis ovato-ianceolatis acuminatis basi rotundato- subcordatis utrinque bispidulis vel rarius glabratis, floralibus sessilibus bracteisque ex- terioribus oblongo>lanceoiatis basi longe angustatis coloratis glabris fauce subnuda, corollis glaberrimis. Benth. I. c. p. 316. Bot. Mag. t. 546. — M. fistulosa, var. Bot. Mag. t. 145? — M. coccinea. Mich. — M. purpurea. Lam. — M. Klamiaua. Ph. Am. l. p. 17. t. 1. (mala). Had, Canada. Mrs Sheppaul. 2. M. fistulosa (Linn.); foliis petiolatis ovato-lanceolatis basi rotundato-subconlatis utrinque glabris pubescentibus hispidisve, floralibus sessilibus bracteisque exterioribi b subcoloratis, calycibus subincurvis vix coloratis;, fauce intus bispida, corollis glabris vil- iosisve. Benth. I. c. p. 316. Fh. Am. 1. p. 18. licich. Ic. Exot. t. 172.— M. Clinopodiu. L — M. allophylla. Mich. — M. purpurea. Ph. Am. 2. p. 17. (non Lam.) — M. oblongata et rugosa. Ait. — M. glabra et longifolia. Lam, — M. altissima. IVUld. — Reich. Ic. Exot. t, 27. — /3. mollis, fuiiis moUiter pubescentibus corolla; labio superiore densius bnrbnto. Benth. I. c. p, 317. — M. mollis. Linn, Am, Acad. 3. p. 399. Reich. Ic. Exot. t. 171. — M. menthffifolia. Grah. in Bot. Mag. t. 2938, Hab. Canada to the Saskatchawan, where var. fi. is particularly abundant. Micromeria.'] LABIATiE. 118 TniB. Satureine;e. Benth. 6. PYCNANTHEMUM. Mich. 1. P. incanum. Mich. Am, 2. p. 7. Ph. Am. 2. p. 409. — Clinopodium. L. Hab. Canada. Goldie. 7. MONARDELLA. Benth. Cat. ovato-tubulosus, sacpe elongatus, IO-13-nervius, 5-dentatus, dentibus brevibus subaequnlibus rectis, fuuce intus nuda. Cor. tubo calycem (cquante vol breviter exserto, fauce intus glabra, limbo subbilabiato, labio superiore bifido, inferiore trifido, lobis omni- bus oblongis linearibusve planis suboequalibus. Stam. 4, subsequalia, vel inferiora longiora, recta, divergentia, exscrta. Anthera biloculares, loculis parallelis, demum divergentibus vel divaricatis. Stylus apice brevissime bifidus, stigmatibus minutis. Achenia sicca. — HerbfE perennes, Verticillastri magni, subglobosi, bracleis latis suffulti, solitarii, termin- ales. Benth. 1. M. odoratissima (Benth.); caule procumbente, foliis subsessilibus oblongo-lanceo- latis utrinque angiistatis integerrimis canis, verticillastris dense globosis magnis solitariis, bracteis exterloribus lato-ovatis obtusissimis coloratis, calycibus tubulosis elongatis sub- aequaliter dentatis. Benth. I, c. p. 332. Hab. Gravelly soils near the Narrows and Kettle Falls of the Columbia and Salmon Rivcf •. and on limestone rocks on the Blue Mts., N. W. America. Douglas. 8. COLLINSONIA. L. 1. C. Canadensis. L Ph. Am. \, p. 20,— and 21 (C. ovalis). Hab, Canada. Ph. 9. CUNILA. L. Benth. 1. C. Mariana. L. — Ph. Am. 2. p. 400. — Zi/iphora. R. and Sch. Had. Canada. Ph, Trie. Melissineje. Benth. 10. HEDEOMA. Pers. 1. H. pulegioides. Pers. — Melissa. L. — Zizipbora. R. and Sch. Hab. Canada. Ph. U. MICROMERIA. Benth. Cal, 13-rarius sub-15-striatus, 5-dentatus, subxqualis. Cor. tubus exannulatus, e\- sertus; limbus bilabiatus, labiis planiusculis. Stam. adsceadentia, superioribus brevioribus antlieriferis. Benth. I. M, glabella (Benth.); glabra, caule herbaceo erecto pusillo, ioliissesiilibusoblongo- VOL. II. P 114 LABIATiE. ISculellaria. linearibus obtusis integerrimis, verticillastris subsexfloris, pedicellis elongatis nudis, calyci- bus subbilabiatis dentibus omnibus subulatis, fauce intus villosa. Benth. I. c. p. 370. — Cunila. Mich. — Ziziphora. B. and Sch. — Hedeoma glabra. Nutt. Hab. Canada. QoUie. Lake Huron. Dr Todd. 2. M. Douglasii (Benth.); caule herbaceo prostrato, foliis petiolatis ovato-rotundatis obtusis crenatis basi rotundato-truncatis utrinque glabris, pedunculis elongatis basi v. medio bracteatis, calycis dentibus subulatis, fauce intus nuda. Benth, I. c. et in Linnaa, 6. p. 80. — M. Chamissonis. Benth. in Linnaa, 6. p. 80. Hab. N. W. America« in ibady Pine-wooda, especially about the Columbia. Memiet, Douglai. Dr Seouler. Tolmie. ' 12. MELISSA. X. et Benth. I. M. Clinopodium. Benth. — Clinopodium vulgare. L. — E. Bot. t. 1401. Ph. Am. 2. p. 410. Hab. Canada, in various places. Norway House Fort. Dr Richardson. (Introduced.) Trib. ScuTELLARiNEf. Benth. 13. PRUNELLA. Benth. 1. P. vulgaris. L. — E. Bot. t. 961. Ph. Am. 2. p. 411. — /3. tnqjor, foliis angustioribus. P. Pennsylvanica. Hab. Canada. Newfoundland. — /3. Saskatchawan, and Portage River near the source of the Columbia. Drummond. Abundant on the N. W. Coast, often a foot high, and with the flowers of a very largo size. Douglas. Scoulcr. Tobnie. — An extremely variable plant, in size and hairiness and in the breadth of its leaves. 14. SCUTELLARIA. L. 1. S. canescens (Nutt.) ; caule elato ramoso pubescente, foliis petiolatis ovatis v. ovato- lanceolatis acutis crenatis basi angustatis rotundatis v. infimis cordatis utrinque pubes- centibus subtus incanis, floralibus oblongis calyces superantibus, racemis taxis pnniculatis canescentibus, floribus oppositis secundis, caiycibus cano-tomentosis, coroUis extus pubes- ccntibus. Benth. Lab. p. 422. — S. serrata and S. incana. Spr, Hab. Canada. Goldie. ■ • 2. iS. angustifolia (Ph.) ; glabriuscula, caule erecto simpliciusculo, foliis infimis pel>:^- latis ovatis dentatis superioribus subsessilibus oblongo-linearibus inf.e^prrlrnis omnibus basi rotundato-cuneatis, floralibus conformibus supremis sterilibus, floribus axillaribus oppositis secundis, caiycibus pedicello brevioribus. Benth. I. c. p. 436. Hab. N. W. America. Kooskoosky. Lewis. Columbia R'ver, near the sources. Douglas. Wallamet. Tolmie. 3. S. galericulata. L.-^E. Bot. t. 523. Ph. Am. l.;7. 412. Hab. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Throughout Canada'. Saskatchawan, abundant (^Drummond), and as fiir north as Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. N.W. Coast. Douglas. Droeocephalum.1 LABIATiE. 115 4. S.parvula, Mich. — Ph. Am. 2. p. 411. Hook. Ex. Fl.t. 106.— >S. ambigoa. Ntitt, Hab. Canada. Michaux. Mrs Sheppard, Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. 5. S. antirrhinoides (Benth.); caule difFuso ramoso glabra, foliis breviter petiolatis ovatis obtusis iiitegerrimis basi angustatis crassiusculis glabris vel tenuissime pubescen- tibus, floralibus conformibus supremis sterilibus, floribus axillaribus oppositis secnndis, calycibus pedicello brevioribus. Benth. I. c. p. 440. Ha>. N.W. America. About Fort Vancouver. Douglas. Dr Seouler. Wallamet. Tolnde. 6. M. lateriflora. L. — Ph. Am. 2. p. 412. Hab. Throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan ; and N.W. Am. Douglas,' Dr Seouler. Dr Gairdner, Trib. Nepete^. Benth. 15. LOPHANTHUS. Smth. Cal. tubulosus, 15-nervius, subincurvus, ore obliquo 5-dentato, dentibus superioribus sublongioribus. Cor. tubo calycetn sequantej intus nudo, limbo bilabiato, labio superiore suberecto emarginato-bifido, inferiore subpatente trifido, lobo medio lato-crenato. Stam. 4 didynama, inferioribus brevioribus, distantia v. divaricata. Antherce biloculares. Achcmia leevia, nuda. Benth. 1. L. urticctfolius (Benth.); glaber, foliis cordato-ovatis crenatis utrinque viridibus, spicis densis oblongij, laciniis calycinis lineari-subulatis, genitalibus longe exsertis. Benth. I. c. p. 462. — Hyssopus urticaefolius. Dougl. mst. Hab. Lewis and Clarke's River, N.W. America. Douglas. 2. L. anisattts (Benth. in Bot. Reg. t. 1582); glaber, foliis ovatis v. ovato>lanceolatis acutis crenatis supra viridibus subtus albis, spicis cyiindricis basi interruptis, laciniis caly- cinis lanceolatis acutis, genitalibus exsertis. Benth. Lab. p. 463, and in Bot. Reg. t, 1282. — Hyssopus. Nutt. H. discolor. Desf. — H. Foeniculum. Spr. — Stachys Foeniculum. Ph. Am. 2. p. 407. Hab. Plains of Saskatchawan, abundant, to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Assinaboine River. Douglas. 16. NEPETA. L. 1. N. Cataria. L.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 406. Hab. Canada. Norway House on the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. (Not indigenous?) 17. DRACOCEPHALUM. L. 1. D.parviflorum (Nutt.); caule erecto ramoso pubescente, foliis petiolatis lanceolatis inciso-crenatis sertatisve utrinque viridibus subtus pubescentibus, verticillastris capitato- spicatis, bracteis ovato-cuneatis aristato-dentatis, caiycisdente supremo lato-ovato, coroUis calycem vix excedentibus. Benth. I. c. p. 496. 116 LABIATiR. {.Stachj/t. Hai. Satkatchawan River to Fort Franklin, Dr Richardson. Drummond. Douglas. Trib. Stachyde£. Bettth. 18. PHYSOSTEGIA. Benth. Cat. obscure venosus post anthesin inflatus. Cor. longe exserta, fauce amplissima. Benth. I. P. Vtrginiana. Benth — Dracocephalum. L. — Bot. Mag. t. 467. Ph. Am. 2. p. 41 1. — D. speciosum. Sw. Br. Fl. Gard. 1. t. 93.— D. denticulatum. Ait. — Ph. — Bot. Mag. t. 214. — D. obovatum. Ell. — D. lancifoliutn. Moench. — D. variegatutn. Fent. Cels. t. ^4i. Ph. — D. intermedium. Nutt.—^, floribus dense imbricatis. Physost. imbricata. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3386. Hab. Canada. — /3. Plains of Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Bauk8 ot the Columbia. Douglas. Tolmie.—k very variable plant 19. LAMIUM. Z. 1. L, amplexicaule. L. — E. Bot. t. 77. Ph. Am. 2. p. 406. H.-.fl. Canada (naturalized). Mrs Percival. 20. LEONURUS. £. 1. L. Cardiaca. L.—E. Bot. t. 286. Ph. Am. 2. p. 408. Hab. Lake Huron. Dr Todd. Norway House Fort. Drummond, (Not indigenous.) 21. GALEOPSIS. L. 1. G. Tetrahit. L.—E. Bot. t. 207. Ph. Am. 2. p. 407. Hab. Canada; Newfoundland^(introduced). 2-2. STACHYS. L. 1. S. ciliata (Dougl.) ; herbacea erecta subglabra, caulis angulis obverse ciliatis, foliis petiolatis ovatis breviter acuminatis crenatis basi cordatis glabris v. supra pilis raris his- pidulls, verticillastris 6-floris snprcmis subapproximatis, bracteis subnullis, corollis gla- briusculis calyce triplo quu.huplove longioribus, tubo longe uxserto. Benth, I. c. p, 538. Hab. Columbia ; and banks of other streams in N. W, Am. Douglas. Dr Sccukr. Tolniie. Gairdner. 2. S. palustris. L, — E, Bot. t, 1675. — 13. ambigua, foliis latioribus magis petiolatis. — S. ambigua. E. Bot. t, 2089. Hab. Throughout Canada to Fort Franklin on '.he Mncke..zie River. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Columbia and Walla-wallah Riveru, N. W. America. Douglas. Tolmie. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. — ji, Canada. Mrs Sheppard. Norway Huuse Fort. Drummond. 3. S. aspera. Mich, Am, 2. p. 5. Ph. Am. 2. p. 407. Benth. I. c. p. 543. — S. hispida. Mich. Am. 2. p. 5. Ph. Am. 2. p. 407. Vtrbena.'] VERBENACEiE. 117 Hab. Canada. Mrs Sheppard. Norway House Fort. Drummond. Dr Richardson. Newfoundland. Mr Cormack. Wallamet, N.W. America. Tolmie.—l fear that, except by the coarser and more rcflezed hairs at the angles of the stem, this is hardly to bo distinguished from S. palustris, which is assuredly a very vari- able species, both in the form of the leaves and in the pubescence. The specimens from Wallamet are all over very hairy. 23. MARRUBIUM. L. 1. M. vulgare. L.—E. Bot. t. 410. Ph. Am. 2. p. 408. Hab. Lake Huron. Dr Todd. Trib. AjUGOiDEiG. Bet^h. 24. TEUCRIUM. L. 1. 'I'. Canadense. L Ph. Am. 2. p. 403. Hab. Canada ; near Quebec. Mrs Shqapard. 25. TRICHOSTEMMA. L. 1. T. dichotomum. L. — Ph. Am. 2. p. 414. Hab. Canada. Ph. 2. T. oblongum (Benth.) ; pubescens v. villosum, foliis oblongis basi angustatis, cymis axillaribus, calycibus subssqualiter 5-fidis, corollae tubo incluso. Benth. I. c. p. 657. Hab. Low grassy peisturi's near Fort Vancouver. Douglas. 3. T. lanceolatum (Benth.); villosum, foliis lanceolatis, cymis axillaribus, calycibus inaequaliter 5-fidis, corollae tubo exserto. Benth. I. c. p. 638. Hab. N.W. America. Dry sandy soils on the Multnoroal' and Columbia. Douglas. Ord. LXIX. VERBENACEiE. Juss. 1. VERBENA. L. 1. r. bracteosa. Mich.— Ph. Am. 2. p. 416. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2910. Hab. Menzics Island ; and banks of the Columbia. N. W. America. Douglas. Walia-wallah River. Toltnie. 2. V. panictdata (Lam.) ; caule scabro, foliis petiolatis ovato-lanceolatis acutis inaequa- liter serratis subtus venoso-reticulatis, spicis iiliformibus corymboso-paniculatis, floribus imbricatis. Lindl. Bot. Beg. t. 1 102. Ph. Am. 2. p. 416. Hab. Low alluvial soils, N.W. Coast, abundant. Douglas. Fort Vancouver ; and Walla- wallah River. Toltnie. Canada to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. — Scarcely, I fear, different from the following. 3. V. hastata. L Ph. Am. 2. /?. 416. Hab. Canada to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. 118 PRIMULACEiE. [Dodecath$ umbellis plurifloris, pedunculis divari- catis, filamentis in tubum elongatuin connatis. — cuvulgare; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis in Bouglaiia.] PRIMULACEiG. 119 petiolum sensim attenuatis, tubo stamineo flavo. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. S622. PA. Am. 1. p. 136. Rich. App. p. 6. — /3. minus ; foliis ovato-spathulatis petiolatis, tubo stamineo flavo. — y. latifolium ; foliis latissime ovatis petiolatis, tubo stamineo purpureo-nigro. Hab. a. Woody country of the Hudson's Bay tcrritorie* to Carlton House Fort, and in Prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Br Richardson. Drummond. Common along the beach at Stikine Sound and Clarence's Straits, N. W. America. Tolmie.—H, and >. Dry banks about Fort Vancouver on the Columbia. Dr Scouler. Dr Gairdner. Tolmie. Sitcha {Bongard) and N. W. American Islands. Pallas. 2. D. frigidum (Cham, et Schlecht.) ; foliis oblongo-ovatis integerrimis subrepandis, umbellis paucifloris, pedunculis umbellatis divaricatis, bracteis lanceolatis, iilamentis in tubo brevissimo connatis. Linnaa, 1. p. 217. Hook, et Am. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 129. Hab. Kotzcbuo's Sound. Beechey. Arctic eea-shore. Sir John Franklin and Captain Back. West side of the Rocky Mountains. Douglas. 3. D, dentatum; foliis lato-ovatis grosse dentatis longissime petiolatis, umbellis pauci- floris, pedunculis umbellatis suberectis, antheris sessilibus vel annulo brevissimo solum- modo unitis. Hab. N. W. interior (last journey). Douglas, — This appears a very distinct species, and to have white flowers. 2. ANDROSACE. Z. 1. A. septentrionalis. L. — Bot. Mag. t. 2021. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linneea, \.p.2n. Hook, ct Am. Bot. of Beech. Voy.p. 129. — A. occidentalis? Nutt. Gen. Am. \. p. 118. — A. elongata. liich. App, p. 5. {non L, and Jacq.) Hab. From Fort William on the Saskatchawan to the heights of the Rocky Mountains, and to lat. 68° ou the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Bay of Escholtz in Beiiring's Straits. Chamisso. Beechey. — An exceedingly variable plant, from 1 to 9 inches high. Leaves toothed, pinnatifid or entire. Peduncles with a single flower, or an umbel cither few- or many-flowered ; the pedicels short or elongated. In Dr Richardson's A. elongata, the calycine teeth are much smaller than in the Linnccan elongata (though certainly a little larger than is usual in septentrionalis) ; the involucre is much smaller and the peduncles more upright. 2. A. Chamcejasme. Wulff.— Cham, et Schlecht. in Linneea, 1. ;>. 318. Hook, et Am. Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 129. Rich. App. p. 5. Hab. Islands of Behring's Straits. Menzies. Chamisso. Cape Newenham {Nelson in Herb, nostr.) and Kotzebuc's Sound. Beechey. Heights of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond; and from Fort Norman to the Arctic coast. Dr Richardson. 3. DOUGLASIA. lAndl Cal. obconicus, angulatus, 5-dentatus. Cor. infundibularis, tubo ventricoso, limbo piano 5-partito, fauce callo liiseu. » sub utroque sinu. Ovarium uniloculare, placenta cen- trali libera pediceliata fungilliformi, margine 5-dentato ; ovula 5, dentibus placentae oppo- sita. Capsuln vestita, unilocularis, 5-vaivis. Semira 2, concava, scrobiculata. — Cajspites svffruticulosi {America borealis), foliis linearibus indivisis, floribus umbellatis solitariisque. Lindl. ISO PRIMULACEiE. [Primula. I. D. nivalis (Lindl. in Brandt's Joum. Jan. 1828, p. 383.) ; foliis pube brevissimn stellata incana. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 18R6. Hook. Ic. Plant, t. 180. Has. Near tho source) of the Columbia, at an elevation of 12,000 feet above the level of the lea. Douglas, IS'27. — Spocimeni were alio gathered by Mr Douglas in his lust journey, in another part of tho interior ; but the locality is not mentioned. 2. D. arctica ,• glabra, foliis pilis brevibus simplicibus ciiiatis. Had. Arctic Sea-shore, between the Mackenzie and Coppermine Rivers. Or Richardson. — This is pro- bably very rare, as only one specimen exists in tho collection. It is quite distinct from the preceding, though agreeing exactly in habit, in the form of the leaves and flowers, and in the repeatedly dichotomous and densely tufted stems : thus confirming tho interesting (ienus, which, whether wo consider its beauty or its loealities, has so appropriately been dedicated to the talented and unfortunate Douglas. 4. PRIMULA. L. 1. P. nivalis (Pnll. It. t. 9.f.2,)\ foliis spaUuilato-lanceoIatis plnnis deiitatis glnbris niiilis, uiiibellii multiflora erecta, involiicri folioiis basi coadunatis. — Lvhvi. Prim. p. G7. Cham, et Schlrclit. in lAnncra, ].p. 215. Had. liehriiig's Straits. Capo Newenham (Nelson) ; and Mount Edgecomb. Mcnzica (in Herb. nostr.). I'naliischka. Chamisso. 2. P.farinosa (L.) ; foliis cuneato-lanceolatis crenato-tleiitatis siibtus ileiise farinosis, iinibi'lia miiilifloia, pediceiiis patenlibus, calyceoblongo-ovato, cofollie iaciiiiis obcordatis attemiatis siibilistantibus tubo subdimidio brevioribiis. — E. Bot. t, 6. lUch. App. p. 5. Had. Canada (Goldic) to the Rocky Mountains (Drummond) ; and to lat. GG° on the Mackenzie River. Dr liiiJiarttson. 3. P. Scolira (Hook.) ; foliis obovato-lanccolatis denticulatis subtiis dense farinosis, iiiiibclia siibcMpitata piuriflora, calyce veiitiicoso, corolltf iaciiiiis late obcoidatis approxi- niuiis lubo .siibiliniidio brevioribus. Hook. Fl, Land. N. S. t. 33. Brit. Fl. ed, 4. />. 94. Hmi. Lalirador. Miss Brcnton. — This lady has kindly communicated to mo specimens of the Primula, now niiiier ccmsideration, from Labrador, precisely agreeing with our /'. Scotica, which had hitherto only been fouud in the extreme northern parts of Scotland, and on the Alps of Koordistan (Fischer in Herb, nostr. J. The whole |>lant is as mealy as P.farinosa : flowers deep purple-blue, in almost capitate umbels, with lirouder and more approximate segments to the corolla and more distinct glands at the mouth of the tube. 1. P. Hornemanniana (Leliin. Prim, p. 55. t, 4.); foliis obovato-spathulatis dentatis iiiidis VL'l cum scapo caljcibusque veiitricosis parce farinosis, umbelia pauci-I-6-fIora, (■on)llie Iaciiiiis obovato-cuiieatis tubo subdimidio brevioribus. — Rich. App.ed. 1, n, 58. — P. Mricta. Horn. Fl. Dan. t. 1385 — P. Mistassinica. Mich. Am, I. p. 124. Ph. Am. l.p, 137. LiJim Piim. p. f)3. t. 7. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2073. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnfca, 1. p. 213. — 1'. ()i.>iil,.. Uooh. in Ed. Phil. Joum. C. p. 322. t. 11./ 2. Ex. Fl. 1. t. G8. Bot. May. I, y020. Rich. App. ed, 2. p. 5. — P. fariiiosa, p. striata. If'ahl. Lajip. p, CO. — P. farinoso. Sm. in Linn, Fl. Lapp. n. 79. — /3. omiiiiio efarinosa, caiycibus nigricantibus. IIau. a. (Canada {Dr Todd, Goldie, Mrs Sheppard, Mr M'Nab) to Great Bear Lake (Dr Richardson) i Trieiitalit.] PRIMULACEiE. 191 itnd from Labrador {Dr Moriaon) in the Eaat, to tho Rocky Mountains (Drummond, Douglas) ; and the North. Wont Coast to Fort Vancouver (Afr Garry). — /3. Unulaschku. Chamisso, Arctic Sea-coast. Dr Richardson. Sir John Franklin. Captain Back. — A plant witli so very extensive nrangd may bo expected to vary somowliat, as is really the case, in the outline of its leaves, tho length of tho pedicels, and the relative length nnd breadth of tho laciniiu of tho corolla and tube. Its more usual form is so exactly that of the European P. Hornemanniana (P. alricin, Horn.)i that I can have no hesitation in considering it the same, and in adopting that name as the most Bppro|)riate. The arctic stale of the plant, as found by Chamisso and Dr Richaurdson, in two very different localities, exhibits not the smallest traces of mealiness, ami the calyces are almost black : the leaves too, in the specimens of Dr Richardson, are most frequently quite entire ; those from Chamisso generally toothed. 5. P. saxifragifoUa (Lehm.); foliis obovato-cuneatis petiolatis serrato-lobalis, umbellii 2-3-flora, caljcibus profunde 5-partitis tubo triplo brevioribiis, limbi laciniis semibifidis. Lehm. Prim. p. 89. t. 9. Hook, et Am. in Dot. of Beech. Voy, p. 128. Hab. Unalaschka. Menzies (in Herb. nostr.J. Chamisso. Cape Nevvenham. Nelson (in Herb, noslr.). Kotzebue's Sound. Beechey. — A very distinct and well-marked species. 6, P. Sibirica (Jacq.) ; foliis ovatis siibovatisve tenui-petiolatis integerrimis v. obsolete tlentatis, umbeila pauciflora laxa, involucri 9-3-phylli foliolis auriculatis vaginantibus. Gmel. Sib. \. p. 46./ 1. Lehm. Prim. p. CO. t. 5. — P. Norvegica. Retz, — Lehm — P. iii- tegrifolia. Oed. Fl. Dan. t. 188. (non Z,.)— P. Fininarciiica. lVilld,— lVahl.—\^. Egaiic- censis. fT(m. fl. Dan, t. 1511. Lehm, Prim, p. 64. t. 7. Hab. Barren country between lat. 00° and 69°, in clayey soil, by river-banks iind in marshy errounds. Dr Richardson. — This very distinct and well-marked species docs not ap])car to have been found in tho second expedition. I have carefully compared Dr Richardson's specimen with authentic ones of the European P. Nnrveyica, tho Asiatic P. Sibirica, and the P. Etjalicceiisis from Horncinain) himself, and llicro can bo no question about the propriety of referring them all to one and the same species. P. rolundifulia, Pall. It., and P. intermedia, Ledeb. in Mem. de I' Acad, dcs Sc. de Petcrsb., may also be cited as synonyms. 5. TUIENTALIS. L. 1. T. Americana (Ph.) ; foliis terminalibus (reliquis abortivis sqiiamncfoi'mibiis) lan- ceolatis serrulatis petalisque acuininatis. Ph. Am. 1. p. 254. Rich. App. p. Vl. — T. Europsca. Mich. ; — var. Americana. Turr. Hab. Canada to the Saskatchawan, frequent. Labrador and Newfoundland. Miss Brtnton. 2. T. latifolia ; foliis terminalibus (reliquis abortivis squamaeforinibus) ovatis integer- rimis petalisque vix acuininatis. Hab. N. VV. America. About Fort Vancouver. Walla-wallah River. To/;hic.— I can neither refer this Western plant to our European Trientalis, nor to the one of Eastern America. The leaves are almost exactly ovate, slightly acuminated or rather acute, and in some of the specimens two inches broad. 3. T. arctica (Fisch. mst. in Herb, nostr.) ; caule folioso, foliis obovato-cuneatis inte- gprrimis petalisque obtusissimis. — T. Europaea. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linncea, 1. p. 224. Hook, et Am. in Bat. of Beech, Voy. p, 116. {excl. syn, E. Bot.) Hab. Western shore and islands, from Sandy Bay, in Clarence Straits (Tolmie), to Unalaschka. Lantjs- VOL. II. Q 198 PRIMULACEiE. [Samohu. dorff. Chamiiio (in Hrrh, no»tr,). — The lamo plant ii found at Knmtichalka hy Pallas, LangidorfT, and Becchey.— The long leafy item, and obovate very ubtuic foliage, give a remarkable appcarunco to the plant ( and I cannot but think (bat thit very northern Thentalis it, liko the preceding, a really diitinct ■pecic*. It haa quite the habit of a Samolut, In all, the number of the parti of the flower varic* from 6, which ii moat utual, to 7. In thit and tho preceding, the margins of Ibo leavei are quite entire, in tb« T. Americana and Europaa slightly (bnt when iccn under a microicopo diatinctly) acrrulatcd. 6. LYSIMACHIA. L. 1. L. stricta. Ait. — L. raccmosa. Mich. Ph. — L. bulbifei i. Curt. Mag. t. 104. Hai. Canada, to the Saakatchawan. Dr Rirhardton. Now Krunawick. Mr Kendal. 2. L. revoliita (Nutt. Gen. Am. 1. p. 122); caulc tetrngono ramoso, foliis oppositis sessilibus rigidis linearibus marginibus rcvolulis, pcdunculis subtertninalibus unifloris. Torr. Ft. I. p. 212. Hah. Fulls of Niiipara (Niiltall and Torrey, in Hcrlu noatr.). Lake Huron. Goldie. Dr Todd, — 1 have reccivp({ the same plant from Dr Scbweinilz from Pennsylvania, and from English gardens, as the L. anffui- tifolia, Mich., but whether it be ao or not I have no means of determining. Tho L. qnndrifolia. Dot. Mag. t. ti60 (£. loitgifolia, Pli.) much resembles it also. It is of a very dry and harsh character, and Dr Torrey not unaptly compares its aspect with that of Hypericum gulioides : but the foliago is larger and coarser. Young leaves frequently arising from the axils of the older ones, give them an appearance of being verticillate. 8. L. ciliata, L.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 210. Hab. Throughout Canada to the Saakatchawan. Dr Richardson; and on tho N. W. Coait, on the Columbia, and at Pugct's Sound. Dr Scolder. Douglas. New Brunswick. Mr Kendal. 4. L. hybrida. Mich.— Ph. Am. 1. p. 135. Torr. Fl. I. p. 75. Hab. Canada. Dr Holmes. Except in tho much narrower leavca, thia docs not differ from the pre- ceding, 5. L. thijrsiflora. L. — E. Dot. I. 176. Mich. — L. capitata. Ph. Am. \.p. 135. Har. From Lake Huron to tho Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. Plentiful near Spokan and Flat- head Rivers of tho Columbia. Douglas. 7. GLAUX. L. 1. G. maritima. L.—E. Bot. t. 13. Ph. Am. 1. p. 176. Hab. Marshea near tho sea, Canada. Purafi. Murray Bay, Mrs Sheppard. Newfoundland. Dr Morison. West Coast, north of tho Columbia. Dr Scouler. Tolmie. !^uU marshea in the plaina of the Saakatchawan. Drummond. 8. SAMOLUS. L. \.S.Vakrandi.L.—Ph.Am.\.p.\m. Hab. Canada. Pursh. In all moist grounds, near springs and streams, from the Atlantic to the Pacific oceans. Douglas. Mount Edgecomb, N. W. Cooat. Dr Scouler. PlaHtago.] PLANTAOINEi«. IM Ord. LXXII. PLUMBAGINE^E. Ju$». 1. STATICE. L. 1. S. Armeria. L.—E. Dot. t. 220. Ph. Am. 1. p. 212. IIab. Sca-aliorca, probably in every luiilude : on llin oxtrcino Arctic Coaiti and Islandj i and In Labrador, Newfuuiiillunil, and N. VV. America ; nnil tlio barren country of tlio interior. 2. S. Cnroliniana. fValt.—PL Am. I. p. 212. Had. Ncwroundlimd. Miss Brenlon; and prob:ilily cUowhorc on tbo South-enitern Seu->horoii. — Scarcely different From the European .S. Limonium, to wliuli Sprcngcl refer) it. Ord. LXXIII. PLANTAGINE.^. Just. 1. PLANTAGO. L. 1. P. major. L.—E. Dot. t. 1558. P/i. Am. 1. p. 98. Rich. App. p. 4.— ;3. foliis ovalibiis iongc putiolutis subiiit«gcrrimis. Hab, From Liiko Huron {Dr Todd) to ht. 09*. Dr Richardson. Newfoundland. Miaa Brentun. Labrador. Dr Morison. Sitcha. Bomjard. — 13. Fort Vancouver and Observatory Inlet. Dr Scolder. — It is perhaps a var. of tins that Pursii mistook for tlio P. ciicullata, Lam. {,P. vinxima, Jacq. Ic. 1. 1. 20.) 2. P. cordata {hwm.) ', foliis cofihitis longc petiolatis simiato-doiitatis glabiis, spicft elongatn liixiflura, capsula siibrotiindo-ovuta biloculuri loculis dispcnnis. Ph. Am, I. p. 182 — P. Keiituckcnsis. Mich. Had. Canada. Ph. 3. /'. lanccoluta. L.—E. Dot. t. 507. Ph. Am. p. 98. Rich. App. p. 4.-/3. spica cylin- drica 1-2-pollicaii. — y. latijhlia; foliis latioribus siccitate inagis viridibiis, spica elongata 3-5-p()llicari. Had. /3. Fort Norman to Arctic Sea-shore. Dr Richardson, N. W. Coast. Mcnzies. — y. Plains of the Saskatchawan, Ailiabasca, and Kcd Uivcrs. Dr Richardson. Douytas. Drummund. — Besides the var. discovered by Dr Uichardaon, in tlie tirst journey, with the spike more cylindrical, and the bracleas perhaps generally obtuser, another and more remarkable variety, aa I consider it, was found in tho second journey, in the vicinity of the Saskatchanan, with broader leaves, of a palo green colour when dry, and with thu spike generally 4-6 indies long. In other particulars tiiu plants agree with tlic European P. lanceolata. 4. P. macrocarpa (Cham, ct Sclileclit. in Liimcea, I. p. 106); foliis longc lanceolatis erectis basi in petioium latiissiinuni attenuatis, spica elongata cylindrica laxiflora, capsula maxima bilociduii disperma integia decidente. Dong. Veg. Sitcha. p. 42. Had. Unalaselika. Chamisso. Silclia. Boni/ard. Stikine, N. W. Coast, lat. 56° 30". Tolmie.—A. very remarkable plant, with singularly large capsules, in their ripest state, showing no disposition to dehiscence. Leaves a foot or more long, a little bhortcr than the scape. 5. P. marilima. L. — E. Dot. t. 175. Ph. Am. \.p. 99. — var. foliis pauci-dcntatis. ^^ V ^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 2.5 10 12.0 12.2 911125 III u i I 1.6 1 ^ ^ r/ >^ 1 W ■'I 1^ A 0% /. Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716)873-4503 'J^^^^ ^ ^ ^1^ " tn NYCTAGINEiE. [.Mtronia, Hab. Point Levy, Canada. Afrt Sheppard. Newfoundland and Labrador. Dr Morison. N. W. Coatt, and from the Columbia to Unalatcblca. Dr Scouler, Tobnie. Chamiuo. Bongard. — 0. Newfoundland. Miu Brenton. — The remote but large and strong teeth in our var. bring the state of the plant near P. Coronopui, of which it may be a var. 6. P, pauciflora (Ph. Am. I. p. 99) ; foliis lineari-lanceolatis integerrimis glabriusculis, scapo tereti foliis breviore, spica pauciflora interrupta, bracteis ovatis acutis glabris. — P. elongata. Ph. Suppl. \\,p. 729 (according to Nutt.). Hab. Labrador {Ph.) ; — but I have great doubts about this plant. The original P. elongata, gathered by Bradbruy in Upper Louisianat which Nuttall pronounces to be the same with P. pauciflora, is identical with putilla, which I have never seen from British N. America, and I should think is a very unlikely inhabitant of Labrador. 7. P. gnaphalioidea (Nutt. Gen. Am. 1. p. 100); tota longe sericeo-villosa, foliis lineari- lanceolatis acutissimis, spica elongata cylindrica densiflora, staminibus inclusis, capsula biloculari disperma. — P. Lagopus. PA. (notiLinn.) — 13. bracteis longissimis spinulosis. — P. aristata. Mx. Hab. N. W. America. Menziet (m Herb, nostr.). Common on the barren plains of the Columbia. Douglas. — The Columbia is probably the northern limit of this fine species. It is an inhabitant of the Southern United States. Mr Nuttall gathered it in Arkansas MrDrummond at San Felipe in Texas (Coll. III. n. 854) ; and the var. aristata in the same place (Coll. IH. n. 353). Mr Nuttall has proved that the P. aristata is only an accidental var. of his P. gnaphalioides. SuBCL. IV. MONOCHLAMYDE.^. Div. 1. Flore8 plerumque hermaphroditi. Ord. LXXIV. NYCTAGINE.^:. Jusa. 1. OXYBAPHUS. L'HMt Cal. 5-fidus, campanulatus. Cor. infundibuliformis. Nux pentagona, monosperma, calyce explanato persistente circumdata. 1. O. hirstitm; caulc erecto subsimplici inferne prsecipue pilis longis densissimis arti- culatis hispido, foliis sessilibus ovatis angulato-dentatis parce hirsutis, calycibus pubes- centi-tomentosis. — Allionia hirsuta. Ph. Am. 2. p. 728. Hab. About Carlton House Fort on the Saskatchawan. Drummonc/.— Bradbury (from whom there is an authentic specimen in my herbarium) discovered this plant in Upper Louisiana. The present inhabits a much more northern station, the most northerly perhaps of any of the genus ; of which the species are more frequent in the south. 2. ABRONIA. J««. (TaicBAToa. L'Berit.) ' . Inwlucr. multiflorum, polyphyllum. Cor. infundibuliformis basi ventricosa persistens. Stam. 5, filamenta basi in urceolum parvum coalita. Nucula pentagona. Coritpermutn.'i CHENOPODEiG. 125 1. A. melliferas magis minusve viscida, foiiis ovatis petiolatis subsinuatis, floribus glabris, perianthii limbo undulato (luteo-albo). Dougl. in Bot. Mag. t. 2879. — A. Men- ziesii et vespertina. Dougl. mat. Hab. Sandy barrens of the interior about the Great Falls of the Colombia, Mount Hood, and the junction of Lewis and Clarke's Rivers, and interior of N. California. Douglat. Moist banks of the Walla-wallah River, very frequent. Tolmie. — A particularly variable plant, perhaps too nearly allied to the following, with which it agrees in the colour of the flowers, but diflfers in the foliage ; this latter again exactly resembles that of A. umheUata (En. Fl. t. 194), differing little but in the yellowish-white and downy, not red and glabrous, flowers. 2. 'i. armaria (Menz.) ; viscidissima, subhirsuta, foiiis cordatis seu rhombeo-cordatis integerrimis, floribus pubescentibus, perianthii limbo undulato. Hook. Ex. Fl. t. 193. Hab. Sandy sea-shore, N. W. America (last journey). Douglat. Mr Menzies was the first to discover this plant in California. ,A . Obd. LXXV. AMARANTHACEJE. Jusa. v' 1. AMARANTHUS. X. 1. A..paniculatua. L.— Willd. Amaranth, p. 32. t. 32. / 2. PA. Am. 1. p. 207. Hab. Lake Huron to the Saskatchawan. Dr Todd. Dr Richardson. Columbia. Dr Scouler. 2. A. albua. L.— Willd. Amaranth, p. 9. t. 1. / 2. Ph. Am. \.p. 206. Hab. a weed in the garden at Carlton House Fort. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Menzies' Island in the Columbia. Douglas. Ord. LXXVI. CHENOPODEJE. Juaa. 1. SALICORNIA. L. 1. S. herbacea. L. — a. caule erecto. S. annua. E. Bot. t, 415. Ph. Am. 1. p. 2. Hab. Salt marshes in the plains of the Saskatchawan. ) •• ' -" ' 2. S. radicana. Sm. E. Bot t. 1691. et t. 2467. (S. fruticosa,— not of Linn.) Hab. Straits of De Fuca, N. W. America. Dr Scouler. , - 2. CORISPERMUM. £. Florea hermaphroditi ebracteati. Cal. 0. Cor. 0. Squamula hypogyna inter caulem et germcn, v. 0. Stam. 1-5. Stigmata 2. Caryopaia compressa, verticalis. Albumen centrale. Embryo periphericus, dicotyledoneus. Eadicula basilaris, descendens. — Herbce annua, ramoaa, lanuginoaee ; foiiis anguatia plania integerrimia seaailibua altemis : floribus axiHaribus sessilibus, aolitariis ; caryopse elliptica compressa, uno latere plana, altera con- vexa marginata. Ledeb. 1. C. hyssopifolium (Stev.); foiiis caulinis floralibusque submucronulatis uninerviis, 186 CHENOPODEJS. [CAenopodium. floribus squnmula hypogyna auctis, caryopse glabra alato-marginata rostellata. Ledeb. Fl. All. ].p. 10. Pall, Fl. Boss. 2. p. 112. /. 98./. A. Ph. Am. 1. p. 4— a. giracile. /3. robus- tius. i. rubricaule. Hab. a. Sandy banks of the Saskatchawan and Athabasca and Red Rivers. Drummond, Dougtat. — /3. Same situations on the Athabasca {.Drummond), and on the Columbia {Douglas). — }. Great Slave Lake. Dr Richardson. — A very variable species, as is the European plant of the snnio name. Our var. «., which is considerably hairy, would include the C. canescens of Kilaibel, and the C. pilosum, Pall., is probably scarcely different from it ; whilst var. /3. is the same as C. Redowshii Fiseh. (in Herb. Hook.), and C, hyito- pifoHum, var., Requien (in Herb. Hook.) s and var. y, is the C. nitidum. Kit. (in Herb. Hook.). a. EUROTIA. Adans. Flores monoici ebracteati. Masc. Cal. 4sepa1us, inappendiculatus. Cor, et squamula hypogynce nulla?. Stam. 4. receptaculo inserta. FfEM. Cal, tubulosus semibifiilus, villo densissimo invoUitiis, demum bicnrnis. Cor. et squamula hypogynce 0. Stigmata 2, basi connata. Utriciilus compressus, herbaceus. Semen verticale, integumentis tenuibus. Radicilla desceiulens. — Friiticulus erectus, pube stellata vestitus. Folia sparsa petiolata, membranacea, oblonya. Flores glomeratospicati, terminalcs et laterales. Ledeb. I. E. ceratoides. Ledeb. Fl. Alt.i. p. 239. — Diotis. fRZ/rf.— Ceratospermutn papposum. Pers. — Axyris ceratoides. L. — Axyris fruticosa, &c. Gmel. Sib. 3. t. 11. y. 1. — Kras- cheninnikovia ceratoides. Guildenst. in, Nov. Com. Petrop. 16. t. IT./. 1-6 ct /. 13. — Diotis lanata. Ph. Am. 2. p. 602. Had. Plains of the Saskatchawan. Drummond. — Pursh distinguished this from the European E. ceratoides, by its long woolly tomentum : but in this particular tliere is really no dift'arcnce. The leaves are generally narrower in the American plant, but both these characters arc variable. 4. BLITUM. L. 1. B, capitatum. L. — Ph. Am. \,p. A. Had. Lake Huron and various parts of Canada, to Hudson's Bay and Great Slave Lake. Dr Richardson. 2. B. chenopodioides (Nutt.); Toliis hastatis subdentatis basi attenuatis, glomerulis axillaribus bracteatis, seminibus punctatis non bnccatis. Nutt. Gen. Am. 1. p. 4. Hab. Carlton House upon the Saskatc.hawan. Drummond. — A curious and very distinct annual, with small leaves and llowcrs, first detected by Nutlall on dry soils near the banks of the Missouri. Flowers in small axillary glomeruli, each flower consisting of one stamen and one pistil, with u punctato-retieulatcd ovary ; its deeply bipartite style is subtended by a membranaceous reticulated oblong bractca. Perianth 0. 5. CHENOPODIUM. L. 1. C. maritimum? L.—E. Bot. t. 033. Ph. Am. \. p. 198. Hab. Arctic sea-coast. Dr Richardson. — I am uncertain about this species. It is scarcely an inch long, procumbent, very slender, with 4 to G or 8 leaves. Flowers axillary and clustered. 2. C. calceolijbrme : annuuin erectum alternalim ramosuin glaberritnum, foliis lineari- subulatis carnosis supra planis, floribus glotneralis in spicam foiiosain seu bracteutam Chtnopodium.} CHENOPODEiE. IST dispositis, bracteis ovato-lanceolatis acumiiiatis, sepalis 4-5 carnosis calceolifortnibus acutis. Hab. About Carlton House Fort. Drummond, — Eight to ten inches high, with copious spiinform branche*. Flowers small : each sepal in slipper-shaped, thick and fleshy, 3. C. album. L E. Bot. t. 1723. Ph. Am. 1. p. 198 /3. viride. C. viride. Curt. — C. ficifolium. E. Bot. t. 1734. Hab, From Lake Huron to the Saskatchawan and the Rocky Mountains, and to Bear Lake. Dr Rich- ardson. Columbia, near old camps. Douglas, Dr Scouler, — Extremely variable in size and ramification, and in tho shape of its leaves. 4. C. rubrum. L E. Bot. t 1721. i Hab. About the Saskatchawan. Drummond. Newfoundland, Dr Moriion. Straits of De Fuca, N. W, C. Dr Scouler, — These specimens quite agree with the figure iu E. Bot. Seeds very small. 5. C, glaucum. L. — E. Bot, t. 1454. Hab. Cumberland House Fort and garden at Edmonton House, and to Hudson's Bay. Drummond. Dr Richardson. 6. C. urbicum, L. ? — E. Bot, t. 717. — C. intermedium. Mert. et Koch, Hab.' Lake Huron, Lake Winipeg, and plains of Red River and Saskatchawan, to the Bear Lake. i>r Richardson. Drummond. — This I have received from the American botanists as C. hybridum : but that species has a more paniclcd inflorescence, with divaricating branches. The present exactly accords with the E. Bot. C. hybridum. , 7. Chumiki parvum ramosum decumbens, foliis inferioribus ovato-spathulatis supe- rioribus oblongis vel linearibus omnibus integerrimis petiolatis, floribus axillaribus glomeratis, glomerulis globosls. Hab. Marshes of the Saskatchawan. — This is a small spreading plant, scarcely more than three inches in diameter, glabrous, turning almost black in drying. Glomeruli of flowers about as large aa a small pea, very compact, and arising from the axil of i 'most every leaf. 8. C. f zosterafolium ; ramis copiosis plerumque oppositis divaricatis, foliis saepe op- positis linearibus integerrimis, floribus glomerato-spicatis axillaribus terminalibusque, spicis subfoliosis. — 13. foliis lineari-oblongis. Hab. N. W. C. of America. Menzies. Columbia and Straits of De Fuca, (in salt marshes ?) Dr Scouler, — A very singular-looking plant, with flowers so much injured by pressure that they cannot be satisfactorily examined. Branches generally opposite, and decussate, reddish, the midrib of the same colour. Leaves mostly opposite also, 3-4 inches long, and scarcely a line wide in «., broader and shorter in f3. ; all quite entire. It may possibly be an Atriplex ; and perhaps a luxuriant state of ^. Gmelini. 9. C, ? spinosum ; fruticosum, ramis spinescentibus glabris, foliis fasciculatis obovatis carnosis subsessilibus, floribus polygamis? Hab. Interior of North California. Douglas, 1826. — The specimens are very imperfect. The plant i* evidently shrubby and spiny, clothed with pale-coloured, glabrous bark. Leaves scarcely half an inch long. There are a few terminal flowers, exactly like the male flowers of an Atriplex, or Chenopodium with an abortive pistil. , , ,. ^ . j. Wi PHYTOLACCE^. [Phytolacca. ATRIPLEX. L. - ' 1. A. canescena (Nutt.); dioica diffusa argenteo-furfuracea, foliis oblongis obtusis inte- gerrimis basi attenuatis, masc. florum glomerulis spicatis axillaribus terminalibusque, f<£in. glomeruh's paucifloris axillaribus sessilibus quorum sepalis dorso spinoso-cristatis. — NuU. Gen. Am. \.p. 197.— Calligonum canescens. Ph. Am. 2. p. 370. Haa. Salt marshes of the Saskatchawan and of Slave River. Dr Richardson, Drummond, — First detected by Lewis on saline hills of the Missouri. Goats are said to be very fond of It. It has been culti- vated in the Belfast Botanical Garden from seeds brought home by Mr Drummond. 2. A.patula. L. — E. Bot. t. 936.— var. foliis magis argenteo-furfuraceis. Hab. Banks of the Walla-wallah, and in the valleys of the Blue Mountains, N. W. America. Douglai. 3. A. littoralis. L.—E, Bot. t. 708. Hook, et Am. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 129. Hab. Kotzebue's Sound. Beechey. 4. A. angustifolia. Sm. E. Bot. t. 1 774. Cham, in Linnaa, v. 6. p. 569. Hab. Bay of Escholtz. Chamisio. Saline marshes of the Saskatchawan. Drvmmond. Newfoundland. JUiss Brenton. — Perhaps merely a var. of the preceding, having the leaves exceedingly variable. 5. A. Gmelini (Meyer); annuum erectum viride, foliis oblongo-linearibus subinte- gerrimis, calycibus focmineis herbnceis bipartitis ovato-rhombeis acutis integerrimis disco laevibus. Bong. Veg. de Sitcha. p. 42. Gmel. Sib. 3. p. 72. ^ 14. / 2. Hab. Sitcha and Kotzebue's Sound. Bungard. — A very dubious species, and the specimens which have been kindly sent me by M. Bongard seem to be identical with those of Chamisso, which the latter author describes as var. obtuia nana of A. angustifolia, from the Bay of Escholtz. BATIS. L. 1. B.? vermiculata; fruticosa ramosissima, foliis alternis elongatis linearibus teretibus carnosis, amentis masculinis terminalibus, squamis cuspidatis. Hab. Common on the barren grounds of the Columbia, and particularly near salt marshes. Douglas. — Four to six feet high. A very remarkable shrubt of which the male catkins alone appear to have been found. These are rather more than half an inch long, clothed with peltate, pedicolled angular scales, of which the upper angle is elongated into a mucro, and beneath which are 9 ? or 4 ? sessile 2-celled anthers. The leaves are an inch to an inch and a half long, slender, fleshy and vermicular. Ord. LXXVII. PHYTOLACCE.^. Br. I. PHYTOLACCA. L. 1. P. decandra. L — Bot. Mag. <. 931. Ph. Am, 1. p. 324. Hab. Lake Huron. Dr Todd. — Of this, the Poke-weed, the young sprouts are, in the United States, eaten like Asparagus. Jlumex.] POLYGONEiE. 120 Obd. LXXVIIl. POLYGONEiE. Juss, , 1. KONIGIA. L. \. K. Islandica. L.—FL Dan. t. 4,}Q. ' ' Had. Moiat mountains N. of the Smoking River. Drummond. Bay of Escholtz. C/iami$io. ■ 2. OXYRIA. Br. ' ' 1. O. reniformis. Hook. — Rumex digynus. E. Bot. t 910. Ph. Am. \.p. 248. Hab. Common in the Rocky Mountains and on the Arctic Sea-shores. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Capt. Sir E. Parry. Labrador. Dr Moriton. Sitcha. Bongard. Unalaschka. Chamiaso. 8. RUMEX. L. 1. R. Acetosa. L.—E. Bot. t. 121. Hab. Prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. " Assuredly wild in Canada," Mrs Percival ; and Newfoundland. Ms* Brenlon. (Naturalized ?) 2. R. Acetosella. L E. Bot. t. 1674. Hab. Canada. Dr Todd, Mrs Sheppards to the Saskatchawan. Drummond. Gravelly soils, N. W, America. • Douglas. Dr Scouler. Newfoundland. Dr Morison, Mr Cormack. (Probably introduced from Europe.) 3. R. crispus. L.—E. Bot. t. 1998. Hab. Canada. Mrs Sheppard. Mrs Percival 5. R. domesticus (Hartm.) ; foliis inferioribus e basi subcordata v. ovata ubiongis, caulinis lanceolatis undulato-crispis subtus scabridis, verticillis subaphyllis congestis, sepalis int. demum cordatis v. suborbiculari-cordatis obtusiusculis integerrimis crenu- latisve omnibus nudis. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linncea, v. 3. p. 60. Reichenb. Iconogr. Bot. t. 345 (excellent). Bong. Veg. de Sitcha, p. 43. Hook, et Am. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 129. — R. aquaticus, (3. Wahl. — ^. nanus, purpurascens. Hab. Marshes of the Saskatchawan, to the Rocky Mountains. Drummond— fi. Arctic Sea-coast. Dr Richardson. Unalaschka. Chamisso. Sitcha. Bongard. Kotzebue's Sound. ^eecAoy.— This quite agrees with my European specimens of the species from .Podolia, with others from Greenland, and with the figure of Reichenbach. Dr Richardson's specimens are very dwarf, about a span high, and much tinged with purple. 6. R. salici/olius ( Weinm.) ; foliis caulinis lanceolatis acuminatis planiusculis, verticillis infimis foliolosis reliquis apliyllis approximatis, floribus diclinis monoicis, sepalis int. demum oblongo-ovatis obtusiusculis integerrimis, 1 (vel 2) granulifero.— /3. sepalis int. demum omnibus granuliferis. Bot. Zeit. 1821. p. 28. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaa, 3. p. 60. Bong. Veget. de Sitcha, p. 43. Hook, et Am. in Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 157.— S. verti- cillatus. Rich. App. p. 11. (vix L.)—l\. pallidus. Bigel. (in Herb, nostr.) Hab. Lake Winipeg, to Great Bear Lake and Mackenzie River. Columbia River. Dr Scouler. Sitcha. Bongard. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton.—l believe the true K. verlicillatus to be an inhabitant only of the VOL. II. R 180 POLTGONEiE. [Pofygonmm. more touthern parts of N. America. The pretent leemi to varjr coniiderably in the pretence or absence of the large grain on one or more of the vaWei. Bat the ipeciet ii certainly very widely diipened in Britiih N. America. 7. R. acutus. L.—E. Bot. t. 724. Rich. App. p. 11. Has. Woody country. Dr Richardton. 8. R. sanguineus. L. — E. Bot. t. 15S3. Ph. Am. 1. p. 247. — /3. foliis omnino viridibus. R. viridis. Sibth, — R. Nemolapathum. Ehrh. Hab. Barren country beyond lat. 64°. Dr Sichardion, — 0. Canada. Mri Sheppard. Newfoundland. Miu Brenton, 9. R. persicarioides. L. — Ph. Am. I. p. 248. Hook. etAm. in Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 158. — an R. maritimus. L. ? E. Bot. t. 725. Hab. Plains of Saskatchawan to the mountains. Drummond. N. W. Coast, frequent. Douglat. Hud- son's Bay. Drummond, Dovglai. — Dr Amott and myself have expressed our fears, in the place above quoted,' when speaking of this as a Califomian plant, that it was not really distinct from our B. marilimui. It has a moat extensive range. We possess it from China, and from Port George in Patagonia. Sometimes the teeth of the enlarged sepals are shorter, and then the species appears to pass into B. paluitris, Sm. 10. R. venosus (Ph.); caule dichotomo, foliis subcoriaceis ovato-lanceolatis valde acutts petiolatis parallelo-venosis, floribus hermaphroditis, sepalis int. demum reniformi-cordatis reticulatis inaximis integerrimis nudis. (Tab. CLXXIV.) — PA. Am. 2. p. 733. Nutt. Geti. Am. \.p. 240. Hab. Carlton House Fort on the Saskatchawan. Dr Bichardion, Common throughout the barren grounds of the Columbia to the source of Lewis and Clarke's River. Douglas. — A very fine and most dis- tinct species, first discovered by Mr Bradbury in Upper Louisiana. The enlarged inner sepals are often the size of a shilling. Tab. CLXXIV. Rumes vbnosus. Fig. 1, Flower;/. 2, FruiU : nal, tixei—f. 3, Single fruit :—may- nifled. 3. POLYGONUM. L. $ 1. Bistobta.' 1 . P. Bistorta, L. — E. Bot. t. 509. Cham, et SchUcht. in Linntea, 3. p. 37. — P. elHp- ticum. Willd. Herb. Spreng. — P. bistortoides. PA. ^m. l.p. 271. Hab. Arctic Sea-coast. Dr Bichardion. N. W. Interior. DougUu (last journey).— Our specimens seem almost intermediate between the present and following species. They have no bulbs on the spike or raceme ; in the Arctic individuals (4-5 inches high) the flowers are purple, the leaves ovato-lanceolate, glaucous beneath. In the specimen from Douglas, the flowers appear to be white, the lowest leaves even are broadly lanceolate, tapering at the base, and of nearly the same colour on both sides. In both, the (Meme is elliptical. 2. P. viviparum. L.—E. Bot. t. 669. PA. Am. 1. p. 271. Cham, et ScUecht. 3. p. 38. Rich. App. p. 43. Hab. Lower Canada (Ph.), to the Arctic sea-coast and islands. Dr Richardton. Sir E. Parry, §fc. Swampy ground in the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Labrador. Dr Moriion. Miss Brenton. N. W. America, Observatory Inlet {Dr Scoukr), to Behring's Straits. Chamitso. Pofygonum,'] POLYOONBiG. 131 ' $ 2. ACHINOOONON. y ' 8. p. alpinum (All. Ped. t. 68. / 1.) iloribus majusculis albis demum roseis purpureisve> achenio calyce tecto faciebus ovato-rhomboideis lasvibus, paniculis ramosis, foliis lanceo- latis acuminatis breviter petiolatis minute pubescentibus margine ciliatis, ochreis pilosis, caule erecto glabriusculo ramoso, ramis adscendentibus. Meian, Polyg. p. 56. t. 3. G. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaa, 3. p. 38. — d, foliis ovato-aciiminatis subtus pubescenti- fuscis. Hook, et Am, in Bot. of Beech, Voy. p. 129. — y. foliis ovato-acuminatis glaber- rimis. Hab. 0. Kotzebue'i Sound. Chamitso. Beechey.—y. Arctic Sea-coait. Dr Richardion, $ 8. FAOoPTaoM. 4. P. Fagopynm, L. — E, Bot.t. 1044. Meim. Polyg. p. 61. Ph, Am. I. p. 273. Hab. New Bruaswick. Lieut, Kendal. (Probably introduced.) § 4. Teniaria. 5. P, Convolvulus. L,—E, Bot. ^ 941. Ph, Am. I. p. 273. Hab. Canada {Mrs Sheppard), to the Saakatchawan and Hudson's Bay. Dr Richardson, Drummond, Newfoundland. Mist Brenlon. 6. P. cilinode (Mich. Am, 1. p. 241); perenne, calyce non alato, floribus parvulis patulisi achenio calyce abscondito faciebus ellipticis utriusque attenuatis Isevibus nitidis angulis acutis, racemulis parvis subpaniculatis, ochreis basi serie ciliorum pauUo deflexo- rum coronatis, foliis margine ciliatis petiolisque retroflexLs, caule ascendente scandente. Meian. Polyg, p, 63. t, 5. /. 18 — 20. Hab. From Lake Huron (,Dr Todd), throughout Canada, to the Saakatchawan and Hudson's Bay. lir Richardson, Drummond. 7. P. sagittatum (L.) ; floribus 6.8-andris, achenio acuminato faciebus tenerrime punctato-striatis, pedunculis communibus plerumque geminatis, foliis sagittato-oblongis, nervo doraali petiolis ochrearum basi angulisque caulis retrorsum aculeatis, ochreis cylin- draceis truncatis, caule prostrato aut ascendente. Meian, Polyg. p. 65. — ^. boreale ; foliis petiolatis debilibus margine non cartilagineo-ciliatis, ciliis apicem spectantibus, ochreis laceris margine truncato nudis, capitulis parvis sphaericis. Meian. I. c. Ph. Am. 1. p. 241. Gmel. Sib. 3. p. 65. t. 18. /. 2. Hab. 0. Canada, to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Newfoundlan> . ^f.^ss Brenlon. § 6. Pebbicabia. 8. P. amphibium. L. — E. Bot. t. 436. — P. coccineum. Ph, Am.l. p. 271. — a,natans; glabrum, caule natante demerso radicante, foliis ovato-ellipticis spicisque brevibus obtusis. Meian. I, c, p. 67. — P. coccineum, oquaticum. Ph. Am. 1. p. 271. — /3. terreatre ; majus, caule ascendente, foliis pilis brevibus scabris ovato-lanceolatis spicisque elongatis acumina* tis. Meian, I, c, p, 67. — P. coccineum, terrestre. Ph, Am, 1. p. 271. 189 POLYGONEiE. [Pofygonum. Hab. a. Canada. Punhi JUrt Pereival i to the Sukatchawan and Great Slave Lako. Dr Richardion. Drummond, — li, Manhy placei of the Saskatchawan. Or Richardson. Drummond. N. W. Amurica. about Fort Vancouver and Walla-wallah, Tohnie i and Straiti of De Fuca. Dr Scouler. 0. P. Perakaria (L.) ; annuum, floribus 6-aut S-andris, ili-aut-trigynis, achenio lenti- cular! aut triquetro cnlyce abscondito angulis obtusis faciebus Icevibus, calyce 4-aut 5-partito, spicis ovalo-oblongis s. sublinearlbus, bracteis turbinato-infundibuliformibus parvis, ochreis truncatis, foliis lanceolatis petiolatis saepe macula atra semilunari v. triangular! medio notiitis. Meim. Polyg, p. 68. — P. Pennsylvanicum. L,? — /3. lapathi- folium. L. — E, Bot. t, 1382. — /. minut; spicis angustioribus. Hab, «. Lake Huron, to the Saikatchawan and Hudion't Bay. Dr Richardion. Drummond..— m. and /}. N. W. C. of America. Douglas. Tolmie. — y. Saskatchawan to Great Bear Lake. Dr Richardson. 10. P. Hydropiper. L.—E. Bot. t. 989. PA. Am. 1. p. 288 — P. Mite. Ell.— P. hydro- piperoides. Mx. Hab. 'Canada to the Saskutchawau. J)r Richardson. Drummond. 11. P. Virginianum (L.) ', perenne, floribus 5-andrisdigynis, calyce 4-partito, achenio pyriformi compresso majusculo laevi, spicis virgatis subsimplicibus longis, ochreis brac- teisque truncatis ciliatis angustis, foliis ovatis acuminatis cauleque erecto hirsutis. Meisn. Polyg. p. 81. Ph. Am. \. p. 270. Hab. Canada. {Ph.) Dr Holmes. $ 6. AVICDLABIA. 12. P. aviculare. L E. Bot. t. 1252. Ph. Am. I. p. 269. Hab. Throughout Canada, to lat. 05°, frequently with larger foliage and more erect stemi. {P. erectum, VVilld.) Newfoundland and Labrador. Dr Morison. Miss Brenton. Sitcha. Bongard (lub noni. P. buxifolii, Nult.). N. W. America. Douglas. Tolmie. — A must variable plant, from two inches to a foot or more in height or length, for the stems arc sometimes erect, sometimes procumbent. Leaves from 2 or 3 lines to 2 inches long. Nuttall says his P. buxifolium {P. avic, latifol. Mx.) has 5 stamens, not 8, as is usual. 13. P. Paronychia (Cham.); suffruticosum, inflorescentia dense capitata, floribus axillaribus in apicibus confertis magnis 8-andris, stylo germinis longitudine, stigmatibus 3 filiformibus brevibus, achenio lanceolato triquetro Isevi, foliis lineari-lanceolatis margine revolutis, nervo subtus prominente canaliculato utrinsecus hirto, ochreis basi vaginantibus longitudine foliorum. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaa, 3. p. 62. Hooh. et Am. in Bot. of Beech. Foy. p. 158. — P. confertiflorum. Dougl. mst. Hab. N. VV, America, in the sand of the sea-shore from California (Chamisso, Beechey), to the Straits of Dc Fuca. Mr Menzies. Douglas. — A remarkably fine and very distinct species, discovered by Menzies during the voyage of Captain Vancouver. Flowers forming a large dense capitate spike.— The same, or a very nearly allied sprcies, was found by Mr Drummond at Apalachicola in West Florida. 14. P. tenue (Mich.); floribus axillaribus sessiiibus solitariis majusculis, achenio acutangulo faciebus ovatis medio sublaevibus nitidis versus angulos punctato^rugulosis, ochreis capiliaribus deciduis, foliis lineari-flliformibus acutisbirais (superioribus floriferis Eriogonum,'] POLYGONE^. Ill sensim minoribus bracteiformibus), caule herbaceo erecto dichotomo, ramis elongatii spiciformibus. Meisn. Polyg. p. 91. Ph, Am. 1. p. 270. — P. filiforme. Bart — P. lini- ruliiim. Muhl, — Spreng, Has. Canada. {Ph.) Sandy bank* of the Saikatchawan, Druinmond, North W. America. Douglat, Walla-wallah River, whore the imall annual root is eaten by the nativei.— 6 inches to a foot iiiKb, Ktiff and wiry. 15. P. coarctatum (Dougl. mst.); annuum dichotomum erectum v. difTusum, folii* lineoribus vel lineari-lanceolatis nciitis marginibus revolutis, ochreis basi vaginantibui folio hrevioribus, floribus trigynis axillaribus in foliis superioribus coarctatis, achenio ovato-trigono minutissimn punctuto.— P. lineare. Menz, mst, — a. floribus folio brevioribus. — 0, floribus folio longioribua. Has. N. W. America. Menzm, Dr Scouler, On the landy barreni of the Columbia and its branchei, and on the higher branches of the Multnomak. Douglas.—?. Prairies at Nusqually Bay, N. W. America. 2V)/mie.— This seems a very distinct species of the " Avicularia " section, and to be wholly confined to the Pacific side of America. Stems from 3 inches to a foot long, slender and wiry. § 1. PoLTOONELLA. Nutt. 16. p. articulatum (Willd.); erectum ramosum rigidum 8-andrum trigynum, foliis parvis linearibus, ochreis truncatis, pedunculis terminalibus racemosis articulatis, bracteis ochreiformibus, floribus nutantibus 5-sepalis. Ph. Am. 1. p. 272. Hab. Canada. {Ph.) About the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond, — A very remarkable species, which Meisner, as well as Michaux, seem to think should form a distinct genus. a. ERIOGONUM. Mich. Involucrum tubulosum, campanulatum vel cyathiforme, vix angulatum, subaequaliter 0-dentntum, multiflorum. Receptaculum bracteolis intra pedicellos instructum. Peri- anthia exserta, profunde 6-fida. BeiUh. in Linn, Tram. v. 17. p. 407. § 1. Umbbllata. Benth. 1. E. spharocephalum (Dougl. mst.); caule ramoso folioso, foliis fasciculatis verticilla- tisve oblongis basi angulatis subtus albo-lanatis, pedunculis subsimplicibus, involucro sub- solitario late cnmpnnulato tomentoso multifloro, perianthiis extus sericeo-pilosis. (Tab. CLXXV.)— ^en' 1. BENZOIN. N.ahE. 1. B. odoriferum. N. ab E. Syst. Laur. p. 497. — Laurus Benzoin. L. — Ph. Am. 1. p. 276. — L. pseudo-Benzoin. Mx. — Evosmus Benzoin. Nutt. Hab. Canada. {Ph.) ,, 2. SASSAFRAS. N. ab E. 1. S. qfficimk. N. ab E. Syst. Laur. p. 488 — Laurus Sassafras. L.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 277. Hab. Canada. (Ph.) • ■ . - 3. TETRANTHERA. Jacq. Flares dioici, rarius hermaphroditi, involucrati. Perianthium plerumque 6-partitum. Stam. fert. 9, triplici serie. AtUh. 4-locel]at8e, introrsum dehiscentes. Staminodia (glan- dulee filamentorum) 6, per paria staminibus 3 interioribus adjuncta. Stigma peltatum. Bacca tubo floris explanato imposita. — Inflorescentia umbellaia. N. ab E. 1. T. Cali/omica (Hook, et Arn. in Pot. of Beech. Foy. p. 159) ; hermaphrodita, foliis perennantibus oblongo-lanceolatis vix acutis penninerviis reticulato-venosis glabris, pedun- culis axillaribus simplicibus, floribus pluribus, umbella subcapitata, pedunculis folio brevioribus. — Laurus regia. Douglas, mst. Hab. N. W. America. First found by Mr Menzies in New California, south of the Columbia. Douglas, — Mr Douglas observes, that " this elegant evergreen tree, which attains the height of 40 to 120 feet, and from 2 to 4 feet in the diameter of its stem, forms the connecting link between the gloomy Pine-foresta of N. W. America and the tropicaI-lil(e verdure of California. The foliage, when bruised, gives out a most powerful camphor-like scent ; and even during severe hurricanes, I have been obliged to remove from under its shade, the odour being so strong as to occasion violent sneezing. The hunters often make use of a decoc- tion of the leaves, which they take without any bad effect ; indeed it stimulates the system, and produces a glow of warmth." — Flowering specimens are in Mr Douglas' collection from California, which prove this plant to be a true Tetranthera. Ord. LXXX. ELiEAGNEiE. Juss. 1. ELiEAGNUS. L. 1. E. argentea (Ph. .^m. 1. p. lU); inermis, foliis ovato-oblongis utrinque acutis argenteo-lepidotis, floribus fasciculatis nutantibus, fructibus g!obosis. Rich. App. p. 5. Hab. Canada. Mrs Sheppard: and from the Grand Rapids of the Saskatchawan to the Rocky Moun- tains, and to lat. 69° near the coast. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Hudson's Bay. Nuttatt, — This is indeed very nearly allied to some Elaagni of the Old World, particularly to E. parvifolia, Wall., E. orien- talis, !<., and to some specimens in my herbarium of E. angustifolia. The leaves seem to be variable in shape; but I think in our plant the flowers arc more drooping than in those just mentioned, and the fruit more globose and as mealy as the leaves. " It is the Waw-pisk-heemena of the . lee Indians. The bark peels off in the winter, the moment it is thawed, which is not the case with other plants." Rich. mst. Drummond observes that the flowers are very fragrant. The branches and leaves are alternate. VOL. II. S 1S8 SANTALACEiG. 2. SHEPHERDIA. Autt. [Comandra. Diocia. Masc. PeriantMum 4-fiduni. Stam. 8 inclusa, glandulis 8 alternantibus. — F(EM. Perianthii tubus ovarium arete investiens, (noii adhoerens) limbo 4-lobo. Stylus 1. Stigma obliquum. Bacca calyce carnoso tecta globosa, monosperma. — Frutices Boreali- AmericancEi ramis spinescetUibus foliisque deciduia oppoaitis, argenteo-nunc etiam femtgineo- lepidotia. Flores aggregati. 1. S. Canadensis (Nutt.); foliis elliptico-ovatis supra nudiusculis subtus stellato-pilosis ferrugineo-squamulosisque. — Hippopbae Canadensis. IViUd. — Ph. Am. 1. p. 115. Eich. App. p. 38. Hac. Throughout Canada to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River, and from Newfoundland and Hud- sun's Bay to the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson, Drummond, N. W. Coast. Mr Menziei, 2. S. argentea (Nutt.); foliis oblongo-lanceolatis utrinque dense subargenteo-Iepidotis. (Tab. CLXXVIII.)— Hippopbae argentea. Ph. Am. I. p. 113. Hab> Saskatchawan i between Carlton and Edmonton House Forts. Dr Richardson. Drummond.— This is a species very distinct from the preceding, at once known by its more spreading branches, narrower leaves covered ou both sides with copious somewhat silvery scales, and pellucid fruit, of so bright a red that the Indians call the plant Metheoo-meeva, or Bloody Berry. Pursh mentions its great similarity with Etceagnut argentea ; but here the leaves are much narrower, less silvery, and they, as well as the branches, are opposite : and the flowers and fruit are extremely dissimilar. Tab. CLXXVIII. Shephebdia abgentea. A. Male Plant. Fig. 1, Flower ;/ 2, Flower laid open. — B. Female Plant. Fig. 3, Female flower ; /. 4, Ditto, laid « pen, showing the pistil ; /. 5, Stigma ; /. 6, Fruit {nat size) ; /. 7, Fruit ; f. 8, Fruit laid open j f. 9, Seed -.—magnified. Ord. LXXXI. THYMELEiE. Juss. 1. DIRCA. L. Perianthium coloratum, tubuloso-campanulatum, limbo obsoleto. Stam. 8, exserta, inaequalia. Stylus filiformis. Drupa monosperma. — Frutex Bor.-Americana, ramis artictdatia. Flores srd) frondescentia, temi e singula gemma. Liber tenacissimus. 1. D. palustris. L.—Ph. Am, \.p. 268. GawL in Bot. Reg. t. 292. Hab. Canada. Cleyhorn. Drummond, Oni). LXXXII. SANTALACEiE. Br. 1. COMANDRA. Nutt, Perianthium suburceolatum, tubus ovario adhflercns, limbo 5-4-partito. Stam. 6 vel 4 petalis opposita summo tubi iuserta. Discus perigynus tubum investiens, 5-lobum, lobis cum staminibus alternantibus. Fructus subdrupaceus, l-spermus, perianthii limbo coro- natus. — Suffrutices glaberrima, hasi std)sarmentosa, erecta, Boreali-Americana: : foliis alternis integerrimis. Pedunculi axillares terminaleague, Flores umbellulali parvi. Atarum,} ARISTOLOCHIE^. 139 I. C. umbellata (Nutt. Gen. Am. 1. p. 157) ; caule ramoso, foliis lanceolatis subrigidis, umbellulis in paniculas foliosas terminales dispositis, perianthii laciniis oblongis erectis. (Tab. CLXXIX. A..)— Rich. App. p. 8.— Thesium umbellatum. L.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 177. — T. corymbulosum. Mx. Hab. From Lake Huron to the Saskatchawan, and to the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardion. Drum^ tnond. Douglas. Dr Todd. Dry banks of the Columbia River. Tolmie. Gairdner. — This species is correctly described by Mr Nuttall, except that he considers the five laciniee of the perianth as the five petals of a corolla inserted upon the edge of a tubular calyx. >Thich most assuredly is not the case. He well observes the curious tufl of hairs by which each anther is attached at the back to the segment of the perianth. The fruit seems to be chartaceous, enveloped by the thickened tube of the perianth, and thus somewhat drupaceous. In this species it is only the hwer part of the tube that is united with the ovary : and the persistent upper free portion of this tube forms a sort of neck at the top of the fruit. Tab. CLXXIX. A. — Cohandba umbellata. Fig. I, Umbel of flowers; f. 2, Flower laid open; /. 3, Segment of the perianth, with the stamen, exhibiting the tuft of filaments at the back of the anther ; / 4, Fruit inat. size) ; /. 5, Fruit ;— magnified. 3. C. livida (Rich. App. p. 9); caule simplici, foliis ellipticis flaccidis, umbella solitaria axillari pedunculata triflora, perianthii laciniis brevibus patentibus. (Tab. CLXXIX. B.) Hab. From Lake Winipeg to the Rocky Mountains, and to lat. 69° on the Mackenzie River. Dr Rich- ardson. Drummond. Newfoundland and Labrador. Miss Brenton. Dr Morison. — This is a very distinct species, and has been well described by Dr Richardson. Here the whole tube of the calyx is incorporated with the germen s the limb short and spreading. Filaments, also, and style very short. There is ripe fruit upon the specimens, but pressed and ii^ured. The single seed, however, appears to be attached near the middle to a funiculus, which rises from the base of the cell. Tab. CLXXIX. B.— Comandba livida. Fig. I, Umbel of flowers ; / 2, Single flower ; /. 3, Segment of the perianth, with the stamen ; /. 4, Fruit (nat. size) j / 5, Fruit ; and /. 6, Fruit cut through trans- versely, contuning the aeed:— magnified. Ord. LXXXIII. ARISTOLOCHlEiE. Juss. 1. ASARUM. L. 1. A. Camdense. L. — Ph. Am. 2. p. 596. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2769.-/3, perianthii lobis longissimis subulato-acuminatissimis. Hab. Throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond.— fi. Abundant in shady pine woods, among moss, on the N. W. Coast. Douglas. — This species varies exceedingly in the length of the acumination of the lobes of the perianth ; but none of the specimens from the east side of the Rocky Mountains have them much more than half the length of those from the Pacific side of America: these lobes appear also to be much more erect, the flowers larger, and the leaves more truly cordate and less downy. Future observation may prove it to be a distinct species, as Mr Douglas considered it. 1«0 EUPHORBIACEiG. iEuphorbia. Div. 2. Fhres pkrumque Monoid vel dioici. Ord. LXXXIV. EMPETREiE. 1. EMPETRUM. L. 1. jE. nigrum. L. — E. Bat. t. 375. Ph. Am. 1. p. 93. Hab. Near the Sea-cout in Canada. Michaux i at Murray Bay. Mrs Sheppard. Newfoundland. Mitt Brenton, Throughout the woody and barren country, abundant, to the Arctic Sea>Bhore and hlands. Dr Richardson. Sir E, Parry. Ord. LXXXV. EUPHORBIACE^. Jms. 1. EUPHORBIA. L. 1. E. hypericifolia (L.); glabra v. parce pilosa ramosissima erecto-patula dichotoma» ramis divaricatis, foliis oppositis serratis ovali-oblongis subfalcatis, corymbis foliosis sub- tertninalibus. Ph. Am. 2. p. 605. Hook. Ex. Fl. t. 36 (caule subsimplici). Hab. Canada (PA.), to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Orummond, — These specimens are often hiury. 2. E. polygonifolia (L.) ; glaberrima diffusa ramosissima gracilis dichotoma« foliis oppo- sitis oblongis subfalcatis obtusis integerrimis, floribus subsolitariis axillaribus. Jacq. Coll. Suppl. t. 13. / 3. Ph. Am. 2. p. 606. Hab. Canada (.Ph.), to Carlton House Fort on the Saskatchawan. Drummond. On Menzies' Island, and at the Grand Rapids of the Columbia, N. W. America. Douglas. 3. E. platyphyUa. L. — E. stricta. E. Bot. t. 333. Hab. Lake Huron. Dr Todd. Norway House Fort on the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Plains of the Columbia River. Douglas. Probably introduced from Europe. 4. E. obtusata (Ph. Am. 2. p. 606) ; umbella 3-fida bis dichotoma, involuceliis ovatis obtusiusculis subcordatis, foliis alternis sessilibus spathulatis involucellisque serrulatis glabris, capsulis muricatis. Ph. Hab. Near Quebec. Mrs Sheppard. Canada. Drummond. — Apparently rare in the British possessions. Only three specimens were gathered by Mr Drummond. The leaves are truly obovato-cuneatc. 5. E. pilosa (L.) ; umbella 5-radiata tri-deinde biradicellata, foliis serrulatis pilosis, imis oblongis obtusiusculis, superioribus lanceolatis, involuceliis ovatis, capsulis asperis pilosis. Beich. Iconogr. Bot, t. 149. Ph. Am. 2. p. 605. Hab. Canada. Goldie. (Probably introduced.)— Pursh, however, gives it as an inhabitant of the moun- tains of Maryland and Virginia. 6. E. coroUata. L.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 607. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2992. Hab. Canada. Ph. Urtka.'] URTICEiE. HI 2. CROTON. L. 1. C? setigerums annuum parvum dichotome ramosum pilis stellatis ubique incano- tomentosum, caule petiolisque setis patentibus hispidissimis, foliis late ovatis obtusis petiolo brevioribus. Hab. Plentiful on Menzies' Island, and on sandy banks of the Columbia upwards. Dougla»,—On\y one specimen of this, I regret to say, is in my possession, and it has no more than a few male flowers developed amongst the small terminal leaves, which seem to form a kind of involucre beneath them. Whole plant scarcely the height of one's finger ; clothed every where with stellated tomentum ; the petioles and stem and branches, besides, bearing patent bristles or rigid hairs, somewhat bulbous at their base. Leaves in general nearly an inch long, most crowded at the top of the branches, where the innermost or uppermost are very small about the flowers. 3. ACALYPHA."Z. 1. A. Virginica. L. — Ph. Am, 1. p. 604. Hab. Canada {Ph.), to the Saskatchawan. Drummond. Ord. LXXXVI. URTICEiE. Juss. 1. URTICA. L. 1. U. pumila (L.) ; monoica, foliis oppositis ovatis acuminatis trinerviis serratis, petiolis inferioribus longitudine folii, floribus triandris capitato-corymbosis petiolo brevioribus. Ph. Am. 1. p.\\2. Hab. Canada. Ph. 2. U. urens. L.—E. Bot. t. 1236. Ph. Am. 1. p. 113. Hab. Canada. PA. Newfoundland. Miss JBrenton, (Imported.) 3. U. dioica. L.—E. Bot. t. 1750. Ph. Am. I. p. 113. Hab. Canada. Ph. (Imported.) 4. U. gracilis {Ait.) ; dioica erecta stricta parce hispida, foliis ovato-lanceolatis sub- acuminatis grosse subduplicato-serratis trinerviis supra nudiusculis, subtus ad nervos hispidis, spicis elongatis pinnatim ramosis folio subbrevioribus, floribus glomeratis. Rich, App. p. 36. — U. procera ? fVilld, Hab. From Lake Huron (Dr Todd), to the Saskatchawan, and throughout the woody country, generally, on the east of the Rocky Mountains, as far as Fort Franklin, on the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. Drummond. 5. U. Canadensis (L.); foliis alternis cordato-ovatis acuminatis penninerviis niem- branaceis utrinque cauleque hispidis longe petiolatis, paniculis plerumque geminatis divaricato-ramosissimis petiolo longioribus. Ph. Am. 1. p. 114.— /3. minor. U. divaricata. L.Ph. Hab. Canada. (,Ph.) Lake Huron. Dr Todd.— I cannot distinguish U, divaricata from U. Cana- 149 ULMACEiE. ICeUii. denais, unless it be that the latter ia the taller plant of the two. Pursh describe* it as monoicious, but all my specimens, both from British America and from the United States, are truly dioecious, as observed by Linnteus. The fibre of the stem is copious and strong, and Mr Whitlaw endeavoured to recommend it to this country as an article of commerce. 2. B(£HMERIA. L. 1. B. cylindrica (Willd.) ; foliis oppositis ovato-oblongis acuminatis dentatis glabris, floribus dioicis, spicis masculis glomeratis interruptis, fcemineis cylindricis, caule herbaceo. Ph. Am. 1. p. 112.— Urtica cylindrica. Z,.— .^. spicis brevioribus siibcapitatis. — Urtica capitata. L.?—Ph. Am. I. p. 113. Hab. . 252. Hab. Canada. Ph. Ord. XC. JUGLANDINE.E. DC. 1. JUGLANS. L. Nutt. 1. J. cinerea. L. — Ph. Am. 2. p. 636. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 1. p. 160. f. 31. (J. cathar- tica). Bigel. Med. Bot. t. 32. Hab. Canada. Ph. Mrs Sheppard. — This is the Butter-nut and Oil-nut of the Americans, and is said to be nearly allied to J. nigra, (the Black Wallmit) : " but the fruit is oblong, with a protuberant summit, and the nut much more deeply and irregularly sculptured." 2. CARYA. Nutt. I. C. alba (Nutt) ; follolis 5-7 longe petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis acute serratis subtus villosis terminali sessili, amentis filiformibus glabris, fructu depresso-glo- boso, nuce compressa obliqua. — Juglans alba. Mich, Am. — Ph. Am. 2. p. 637. — J. squa- mosa. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 1. p. 181. t. S6. Hab. Canada. Sr Bech. — Shell or Shag-bark Hickory. " A very large and valuable tree, with the bark separating in largo flat scales or plates. Nut with a thinner «hell than that of most other species, and of fine flavour. Pericarps thin, globose, depressed at the summit. Timber much prized in consequence of the fineness of its grain and ekuticity of the fibre." Beck. 144 AMENTACEifi. ISaNr. 3. C. amara (Niitt.); foliolis plerumqiie 9 ovato-oblongis acuminatis acute serrutis iitrinque glabris, fructu subgloboso, nuce laevi mucronata testa fragili. — Juglans amara. Mich. N. Am. Spiv. 1. p. 170. t. 83. Ph. Am. 2. p. 637. Hab. Canada. Dr Beck. Dr Holmes — T\^e Bitter-nut,White or Swamp Hickory. ^S.\M^a tree. Nut Ktnall, almott obcordate, with bitter and astringent kernels. Beck, — Probably other species of Carya, found In tiie northern U. States, may also exist in Canada ; but I have received no specimens of them, nor any informa- tion concerning tliem. Ord. XCI. AMENTACE^. Jms. TniD. I. Salicine^. Rich, 1 SALIX. L. § \. CiriEREiE. Amenta ovata et ovato-eylindracea, pracocia. Stam.2. Ovarium pedicellatum. Folia ovala obovata lanceolatave incana, v. rugoia, v. lana alba piliave griacis vestita, plerumque integerrima : stBpe marginibua revolutia. Fruticuli (S. rostrata excepta). Barrett, mat. 1. S. Candida (Willd.) ; foliis lanceolatis v. lineari-lanceolatis rigidiusculis acutis apice obsolete serrulatis supra ratnulisque arachnoideis subtus niveo-tomentosis margine tenui revolutis, stipulis ovato-lanceolatis deciduis petiolum aequantibus, amentis oblongo-cylin- draceis erectis, floribus densis, squamis obovatis obtusis fuscis pistillo duplo brevioribus longissime villosis, ovariis lanceolatis albo-lanatis stylo longioribus, stigmatis lobis bifidis. Ph. Am. 2. p. 608. Mich. App. p. 37. Salict. IVob. p. 181. t. 91 — 13. foliis magis rugosis. Rich. Hab. Throughout the woody country. Dr Ricfiardson. Drummond. Douglas,— A. beautiful species ; the catkins very compact, white, with dense wool, tipped with the deep coloured stylo and stigmas, and sub- tended by the dark scale, with long delicate hair. In the ripe catkins, the pistils arc nearly half an inch long, and three or four times as long as the style. A shrub 4-6 feet high. 2. S, Drummondiana (Barratt, mst.) ; ramis elongatis strictis glabris subrobustis, foliis obovato-oblongis rigidiusculis integerrimis vel apice obsoletissime serrulatis margine tenui revolutis, stipulis ovatis longitudine fere petioli longe persistentibus, amentis cylindraceis erectis compactis, squamis ovato-lanceolatis fuscis longe sericeis pistillo plusquam dimidio longioribus, ovariis ovatis acuminatis dense pilis brevibus sericeis nitidis, stylo breviusculo, stigmatis lobis brevibus bifidis vel integris. — (3. ovariis glabris. Hab. Marshes and prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Dru>nmonlirub, with rather torluou!>, stout, and nearly glabrous branches, cluthcd with dark-brown bark, and marked uiih the scars of former years' leaves. Leaves 2.U inclies luni;^, blunt and cordato at tho base, und, amongst the silky clothing, the mar;^in will be fouml to be minutely serrated, und the serralurcs glandular (especially near the base) as arc those of the stipules more distinctly ; from these glands proceed a powerful balsamic smell. Male catkins 2 inches long, splendidly silky. Stamens 'J. Femulo catkins 4 inches long, llexuose, very fcilky. — I name this species in compliment to Dr liarralt, of Middltlown, Peimsylvania, wlio has devoted the same attention to the Willows of N. America, that Mr Borrer, and the late Mr Crowe, und Mr Ander- son, have done to those of Britain, and who kindly ntidcrtook tho task of looking over tho whole of the collection here described, and referred them to his own mst. section of the " Saticcs Americamc." 1 only regret that I could not induce him to undertake tho descriptions of them likewise. But I have profited by many of his observations that have been liberally commuidculed to inc. Tab. CLXXXI. A. Branch of a male plant ; f. \, Scale and stamens from the amentum. D. Branch of a female plant ; /. 2, Scale and pistil from the amentum ; / 3, Base of a leaf and stipules :—ficylindraceis densi- floris, squamis oblongis fuscis longe pilosis, ovariis ovatu-lanceolatis acuminntis glabris, stylo longissimo, stigmatis lubis lincaribus recurvis bipartilis. (Tab. CLXXXII.) Hab. Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. — This appears to be a very distinct species, remarkable for the great length of the style. It is to be regretted that very few specimens were procured of it. Tab, CLXXXII. Salix Richabdsoni. Fig. X, Scale and pistil :— magnified. •.o U8 AMENTACE.f:. [SmliM. ) 3, G%t%tM. Amenta cylindraeta subhrtvia praeocia. Statu, 9. Otrmina uiiilia v. ttipitata griuo' itricta. Folia lanetulata urrata, lublui gritco-uricta ticcitatt nigricuntia. Fructicti ramii firagxli- hill Curtice intenie amura. Darralt, nut, 18. S. petiolnri» (Sin.); foliis lanceolatis serratii junioribtii griieii iiubtui pilii brevi- bus sericeis, ovarii* stipitntiR ovato-luiiceolatis valde icriceiHi itigmatio stibgesiilis lubit bipartitis, squamiu villusii itipite vix iongioribut. E. Dot. t. 1147. Salict. H'ob, p, 45. ^83. Ph. Am, 2./). 616. Hai. Lake Wiiiipcif. Dr Kichardion. , IS. S, rosmarinifolia (L.); foliis lineari«lnnceolatii scriceis (junloribui priccipue) iiitcgcnitnis v, pmiciileiitatiii iluntibus minutis glandulosisf amentia brevibut oblongit cui'vutis laxisi, gerininibus stipitatis sericeis Ituiceulato-ucuminatisi stylo longitudine stig inatis bipariiti linearis, squamis brcvibiis viilosis. E, Dot, t. 1305. Salict, IVob, p, 173. t. 87. Ph. Am. 2. p. 612. Had, Soskatcliuwan. Dr Richardson. § i, ViNiNALEi. Amenta cylindrica, praeocia, Grrmina luhiftiilia tericea. Folia linearia v, lancto- lulu ijlahra v, pubeicentia, Fnicticei v. Arbutcultt, ramia lomjit JiexilibuM. 14. S, viminalis, L.—E. Bot. t. 181)8. Salict, Wob. p. 265. t. 133. Ph. Am. 2. p. 608. Has. Canada. Dr Ilulmri. Mn Sfieppard. 15. S. purpurea. L E. Hot. t, 1388. Salict. IVob. p. \. t. 1. Rich. App. p. 37? IIab. Cumberland llousu I'urt. Dr Richardson, ^ 5, Fbaqiles. Amenta cylindrica, larn, acuminata, coataneu. Squama viridi-Jiava, pubeicetUeiv, glabra. Stum, "i-H, Oermina glabra. Folia lanceolato-J'alcala serrata, denticulata v, integerrima, Barratt, mil, 16. S. fragilis, L.—E, Dot, t. 1807. Salict. Wob. p, 63. /. 27. Rich. App, p. 87. Had. Woody country. Dr Richardson. Labrador. Dr Morrison. 17. S. lucida (Willd.); foliis adultis ovato-oblongis tenui-acuniinatis bosi rotundalis subcoriaceis nitidis glabris stipulisque semiovatis glandidoso-serratis, amentis cylindraceis erectis pedunculatis, stam. 3-5, brncteis oblongis membranaceis, germinibus ovatis acu- ininatis stipitatis glubris, stylo breviusculo, stigmatis lobis bifidis. Ph. Am. 2. p. 615. Muhl. in Ann. of Bot. 2. t. 5. /. 7. Saiict. Wob. p. 63. t. 32.-/3. foliis lanceolatis. Hab. Throughout Canada (Mri Sheppard, Cleghom), from Lake Huron [Dr Todd) to the Saikat- chawan and Jasper'* Lake in the Rocky Mountains {Drummond), and to the Columbia River [Dougtai, Scouler, Dr Gardner), and as far nortli us Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson.— Thi$ 13 perhaps one of tlie most generally dili'uscd of all the Willows in British N. America, and is nearly allied to our European S, pentandra, 18. S. nigra (Willd.) ; foliis Innceolatis utrinque acutis serndatis concoloribus glabris junioribus parce ad nervos praecipue puberulis, stipulis exiguis deciduis, amentis elongatis aalit.] AMENTACE/E. 140 laxii flexuoiii, 11001. 5, filnmeniiit btifa barbatit, iquaniii oblongii villosi* patentibui, gerininibiis ovatii ilipitatii fuici* (^labris vel basin venui lubiericeis, iti^mnte icuili lobia bifid is. Ph. Am. 2. p,a\l. Miihl. in Ann. of U(4. 2. t. 5. / 5. Salkt. Wob. p. 280. Ha*. Cunniln. CUghorn,—'X\\\% very dittinct t|i«ciei wexiremel/ comir un in iho Southern United Statei 1 nru in tlio Nortli. 10. S. falcala {Ph.) 1 foliis longissuu^ nn^uste f«lcf4>'>-lanceuliiti> actimiiiatis lerratia unicoloribus glubrii junioribiiii pia-cipue atl nervos subseficcis, stipiilis inngnii Into- lunatis serratis (leflexJN, omenti.s rccmincit elongafi'^ iiiiiltifloris laxJu duis, ovariis ovatu-acuminatlH Htipitntiit gliibris, stylu brevigsimo, itigmati<3 lobis subin- tegri*. Ph. Am. 2. p. 614. Salkt. Jtob. p. 270. Hab. Caim serratis, amentis cooctaneis subtriandris, squaniis Innceolatis lanatis atris, germinibus pedicellatis lanceolatis glabris, stylo brevissimo, stigmatibus bifidis." Ph. Am. 2. p. 61.5. Muhl. in Ann. of Bat. 2. t. 5. /. 8. Salict. Wob. p. 277. — /3. balaamifera ; foliis rigidiori- bus subtus mngis glaucis. — S. balsnmifera. Barratt, mat. — S. cordata. Rich. App. p. 37. — /. Machenzieana ; foliis obovnto-lanceolatis S. Mackenzieana. Barratt, mst. Hab. Moist woods and prairies uf tlic Saakatohawan. Drummond. — /3. Lake Winipcg and the Saskat- uhawun. Dr Ukhardson.—y. Great Slave Lake and the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. — So variable are the leaves of this plant in point of size, shape, and texture, that all kinds may bo seen between lanceolate and almost exactly cordate. It is only fair to observe, that Dr Barratt is disposed to consider the fi, and y. good species ; but I really do not possess suflBcicnt materials to give satisfactory characters. The branches vary from bright yellow to deep brown. — Another slate probably of this |)lant is found by Mr Douglas on the Columbia River with (juite entire leaves. 22. S. riffida (Willd.) ; "foliis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis basi subcordatis rigidis glabris argute serratis, serratura infinia elongata, petiolis villosis, stipulis amplis cordatis 150 AMENTACE^. [Sahx. obtiisis ginnduloso-serratis, amentis cocctaneis subtriandris, squamis lanceolatis atris lanatis, germinibiis longe pedicellatis lanceolatis giabris, stylo brevissimo, stigmatibus bipartitis." PA. Am. 2. ;j. 615. Muhl. in Ann. of Dot. 2. t. 5./ 4. Salict. JV(A. p. 277 S. cordata. Mx. Am. 2. p. 225. — (3, incana. Barratl, mst. — y. loiigifolia. Barratt, mst. IIab. Between Fort Franklin and Cumberland House. Dr Richardson. — This apain comes very near the 5. cordata ; but Dr liarratt refers tlie specimens witiiout hesitation to >!j. rigida, W. and Ph. 23. S. prinoidcs {V\\.) ; " foiiis ovnli-obiongis ncutis remote iindulato-seiTatis giabris subtiis glaucis, stipiilis scmicordatis inciso-dentatis, amentis prtccocibus (?) villosis, germinibiis pedicellatis ovatis acuminatis sericeis, stylo longo, stigmatibus bifidis." Ph. Am. 2. ]}. 613. Salict. '" '•. /). 7i). t. 40. Hab. Silcry, near Quebec. Mrs Shcpjmrd. New Brunswick, il/r Kendal. — These specimens, which are barren, exactly correspond with what is named S. prinoidcs, from the United States ; but tlicy are ulso equally the same with what is named, in my Herbarium, S. cordata, by Mr Borrcr, from Mr Anderson's garden. ■ § ?• AiiuuscuL.e. Fructices j)arv(c regioncs arcticas v. alpinas hahitantcs. Amenta coctanea. Barratt, rust. 24. S. planifolia (Pb.); "erectiuscula divaricata, ramulis lajvigatis, foiiis oblongo- lanceolutis utrinqiie acutis medio serrulatis glaberrimis patcntibus pluiiis discoloribus, stipulis nuUis." Ph. Am. 2. p. 611. — 13. foiiis unicoloribus. Hab. Labrador. P/i. S\Tiss lirenton. Mackenzie River and Bear Lake. Dr Richardson. Swamps at Lne la Tierre. Drummond. — If this bo the true S. planifolia, as Dr Burralt suspects, it is a low growing shrub, with obovato-lanccolatc, entire leaves, very glaucous beneath, especially the younger ones, downv, as well as the young branches. The ovary is ovato-acuuiinatc, sessile, and very shortly stipitate. Style short ; lobes of the stigma bilid. Pursh was unacquaiuteil with the (lowers, and there must still be great doubt about the species. — A. though not marked as a var. by Ur Barratt, has the leaves of the same colour on both sides, and decidedly serrated. 25. S. acHtifoUa ( Willd. Sp. PL 4. p. 6G9) ; foiiis lanceolatis utrinqiie acutis subcoriaceis glaberrimis subtus glaucis serratis, amentis cocctaneis erectis cjlindricis dcnsifloris, squamis oblongis pilosis, ovariis sessilibus ovato-acuminatis suriceis, stylo brevi, stigmatis lobis bipartitis. Hab. Saskatchawan to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. Drummond. Dr Richardson. — Mr Borrer considers this to be the same as true .S. aciitij'olia of Wilhlcnow, froni the Caspian Sea. Bark sometimes pale, soiuetiines deep brown, not "pruinose" in the dried specimens. 26. S. pcdicellaris {Ph.) ; "ramis lujvigatis, foiiis obovato-lanceolatis acutis iiUegerri- mis utrinque glubris concoloribus, stipulis nullis, amentis cocctaneis pedunculatis gla- berrimis, squamis oblongis pedicello duplo brevioribus vix pilosis, germinibus ovato- oblongis longissime pedicellatis giabris, stigmatibus sessilibus bifidis." Ph. Am. 2. p. 611. Hab. Saskatchawan to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. Drummond. — This plant is referred by Mr Borrer to S, pcdicellaris of Pursh, with whoso dcsnri|)tion it seems to agree, except that the leaves arc more obtuse. Salt-:.'] AMENTACEiE. 151 27. S. depreasa, Hoffm. Had. Labrador. Dr Morrison. Fort Vancouver on the Columbia. Dr Scouler. — Specimens from theie localities are so named by Dr liarratt ; but tlicy are, it must bo confessed, in a very imperfect state, of which a description would prubiibly tend to mislcud, 28. S. fusca. L Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 1960. Salict. JVob. p. 165. t. 83.— S. repens. E. Bot. 133. Salict. Wob.p. 107. t. 84. Ph. Am. 2, p. 610. Had. Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River, Dr Richardson, — Specimens with male catkins only. 29. S. Myrsinites {L.); humilis, foliis ellipticis lUKlulalis serratis nitidis glabris v. hirsutiusciilis venis proniiiiciitibus, amentis brcvibus inxis, ovariis scssilibus lanceolatis laxe sLM-iceis stylo diipio longiuribus, stigmntibus bifulis. Sm. E, Bot. t. 1360. Salict. JVob. p. 119. t. 60. Itich. App. p. 37. Ph. Am. 2. ;?. 617. Had. Swamps and woods among the Rocky Mountains; and in the barren country north of lat. 64°, to Fort Franklin. Dr Richardson. 30. S. desertorum. (Uicli) ; foliis ellipticis obovato-lanceolaiisve ilecitluo-villosis venosis siibtiis glaucis, ainciitis oblongis ercctis clensidori.s, floribiis crcctis, sqiiamis ovalibus fuscis loiige lanato-villosis ovarii ovali dense lanati lere longitudine, stylo brevi, stigmatis lobis bifnlis. Ilich. App. p. 37. Had. From the Saskatchawan {Dnimmond) to Fort Franklin. Dr Richardson. — A very elegant species, with copious catkins. Yet there arc some varieties, as it appears, whicli have a very ditl'erent aspect, with much larger, more woolly leaves, and longer and looser catkins. 31. S. Stuartiana (Sm.); lamis strictis brevibiis, foliis lanceolatis utrinque acutis inte- gerrimis subtus praccipue seiiceo-villosis dcmiini adultis nudiiisculis, amentis cocctaneis subelongatis pedunculatis, squamis brevibtis fuscis sericeo-villosis, ovariis lanceolatis subsessilibus sericeo-lanatis, stylo brevi, stigmatis lobis fissis. E. Bot. t. 2586. Salict. IVob. p. 143. t. 72. — S. arenaria. Ilooft. et Am. in Bot, of Beech, p. 125. — 13. amentis laxiori- bus, florlbus fccmineis magis remotis. Had. Kotzebuo's Sound. Btcchci/. — fi. Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. — If the S. Stuartiana be really distinct from S. arenaria, this must be referred to the former species, from wliicli it seems to dill'er only in the more lax nature of the catkins. 32. S. Lapponum? L. — Hook, et Am. in Bot. of Beech, p. 129. Hab. Kotzebuo's Sound. Dcechty. — S|)ccimen3 very imperfect. ij 8. PiiosmAT*. Frutices hmniles, rcgioncs arclicas vcl al/iinas habitantes, stibrepentes vcl prostrata. Amenta coatuma jiedunculata. Barratt, mst. 33. S. reticulata (L.); foliis sublonge petiolatis orbiculari-cllipticis obovatisve serratis adultis glabris reticulatis supra rugosis subtus glaucis, nnientis pedunculatis cyliiidraceis multifloris, squamis latis retusis ])urpureo-fuscis glabris aveniis ovario sericeo-tomentoso sessili duplo brevioribus, stigmatis lobis sessilibus bifidis. E. Bot. t. 1908. Ph. Am. 2, p. 610. Salict. JVob, p. 133. t. 67. Cham, in Linnaa. 6. p. 542. 152 AMENTACE^. [Salix. Hab. Fort Franklin to the Arctic Shores and Islands. Dr Richardson. Sir E. Parry, &c. York Factory, Hudson's Bay. Drummond. Labrador. Dr Morrison, Uiialasclika. Chamisso, 34. S. nivalis s nana repens, foliis parvis brevi-petiolatis lato-ellipticis-obovatisve inte- gerrimis glabris rettculatis supra loevibussubtus glaiicis, nincntis pedunculatis subquinque- floris, sqiiami" obovatis retusis pallide viridi-fuscis venosis ovarii sessilis sericeo-tomentosi fere longitudine, stylo brevi, stiginatis lobis bipartitis. Hab. Near the summits of the peaks in the Rocky Mountains A small plant, intermediate, as it were, between S. reticulata and S. herbacea, yet very distinct from botli, especially in the very few-flowered amenta, the larger, paler coloured, and veined scale, and the evident, though short, stylo. Leaves small, quite entire. 35. S. vestita (Ph.); foliis brevi-petiolatis obovatis obtusis vel lato-ellipticis serratis reticulatis supra adultis glabris rugosis subtus pilis longis dcciduis pulcherrime sericeis, amentis pedunculatis elongato-cylindraceis coinpactis muitifloris, squamis brevibus pallidis late ovqtis retusis ovariisque lato-lanceolatis sericeo-tomeiitosis, stylo nullo, stigmatis lobis bifidis. Ph. Am. 2. p. Q\0. — /3. nanai glabra, fuliis multo minoribiis amentis pauci- (6.8)-floris. Hab. Labrador. Kohtmeister. Dr Morriton. — •. and /3. on the more elevated of the Rocky Mountains {Drummond), where it varies from a few inches to 3-4 feet in height, and in the length of the leaves from a ^ to 2 inches. These leaves arc generally beautifully silky beneath, 36. S. cordifoUa (Ph.); foliis lato-ovalibus obovatisve basi acutis v. cordatis obtusis integerrimis junioribus subsericeis adultis petiolatis glabris leniter reticulatis subtus glaucis, amentis pedunculatis cylindricis densifloris, stipulis ovali-oblongis fuscis brevibus ovariisque ovatis acuminatis dense sericeo-villosis, stylo elongato, stigmatis Jobis elongatis bifidis. Ph. Am. \. p. 611. Salict. IVob. p. 277.--S. obovata? Ph. Am. 2. p. 611. Hab. Labrador. Kohlmeister. Dr Morrison. High parts of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. — The plant thus named for me by Mr Borrer, who is probably acquainted with the original plant cultivated by Mr Anderson, little deserves the appellation of cordifoUa, its leaves being more frequently acute than retuse at the base. Many of the specimens approach very near to the following. 37. S. arctica (Br.); foliis obovatis obovato-lanceolatisve obtusiusculis basi acutis v. obtusis leniter reticulatis petiolatis integerrimis junioribus subsericeis adultis glabris, amentis focmineis pedunculatis cylindraceis muitifloris, squamis nigrescentibus late ovato- subrotundatis laxe sericeo-hirsutis ovarium ovatuui scriceo-lanatum a-quantibus, stylo elongato, stigmatis lobis elongatis bipartitis. Br. in Hot. of Ross's Votj. cd, 2. v. 2. p. IQl {not Pali.), and in Melv. hi. PL p. cclxxii. Rich. App.p. 37. Hook, ct Arn. in Dot. of Beech, p. 129. Hab. Throughout the barren country of N. America, from lat. (54° to the shores and extreme islands of the Arctic Sea. Captain Ross. Dr Richardson. Sir E. Parry, &c. Kolzebue's Sound. Rcechey. La- brador. Miss BrentoH. — This plant has a disposition to turn almost black in drying, and the catkins have a peculiarly dingy or sooty hue, from the dark colour of the large scales and of the elongated styles and stigmas. 38. S. Uva Ursi (Ph.); " depressa, foliis spathulato-obovalis obtusis integerrimis. i^^U/lM.] AMENTACEiE, 1S8 inferne margine sparse glandulosis glabris supra nitidis, stipulis nullis, amentis serotinis laxis, squamis oblongis ciliatis, germinibus ovatis pediceliatis glabris, stylo bipartite, stigmatibus bilobis." Ph. Am, 2, p. 610. — S. Atnmanniana? Rich. App.p. 37. Hab. Labrador. Kohlmeister. Dr Morrison. Hudson's Bay. Dr Wright. Woody country between lat. 54° and 6V. Dr Richardson. — My Labrador apeciinens thus referred to this plant, are too imperfect for me to venture to offer a character from them. Dr Richardson's " .5. Ammanniana f" appears to me to be the same with this. 39. S. retusa (L.); humilis, foliis brevissime petiolatis obovatis v. oblongo-cuneatis obtusis retusisve integerrimis parallelo-venosis glaberrimis nitidis, amentis pedunculatis, squamis brevibus atris sericeis, ovariis ovato-conicis brevi-pedicellatis, stylo mediocri, stigtnatis lobis biHdis. Hook, et Am. in But, of Beech, p. 130. — S. serpyllifolia. Scop. — Jacq. Austr. p. 208. — S. anglorum. Cham, in Linnaa, 6. p. 510. et in Herb, nostr. ; {excl. syn. S. arclicac. Br.). Hab. Kotzebue's Sound. Beechey. Arctic Sca-shorc. Dr Richardson (wlience, however, only one specimen was brought home). — A very distinct and beautiful species, with glossy, strongly nerved, perennial leaves, the skeleton nerves remaining in the lower parts of the stem. Ovaries and fruit very large in pro- portion to the size of the plant. 40. S. herhacea (L.) ; nana, foliis orbicularibus serratis glabris venosis, amentis pauci- floris sessilibus, squamis parvis glabris, ovariis sessilibus lanceolatis glabris, stylo brevi, stigmatis lobis bifidis.— Z). Bot. t. 1907. Salict. Wob. p. 123. t. 62. Hab. N. W. Coast. D. Nelson. (.Ph.) Labrador. Dr Morrison. Arctic Islands. Sir E. Parry. 41. S. polaris (Wahl.); nana, foliis orbicularibus subintegerrimis glabris venosis, amentis sessilibus paucifloris, squamis magnis nigricantibus villosis, ovariis sessilibus ovatis brevibus dense lanatis, stylo perbrevi, stigmatis lobis fissis. Wahl. Lapp. p.2Q\. t. 13. /. 6. — /3.? — var. leiocarpa. Cham, in Linncea, 6. p. 542. Hab. Unalaschka. Chantisso in Herb, nostr. — Chamisso doubts if this be the true S. polaris of Wahlenberg, on account of the glabrous ovary. It docs not seem to have been elsewhere found iu Arctic America ; but I have specimens gathered by Sir Edward Parry's officers in Spitzbergcu. (Many specimens of Salix yet remain in the British N. American Herbarium, in too imperfect a state to be determined. Chamisso quotes the S. arclica of Pallas (not Br.), a very dubious species it must be con- fessed, as a native of Unalaschka, and S. glauca, L. and Koch. (S. sericea, Vill. and Ser.), of Chuinisso's Island and Cape Espcnbcrg, in Behritig's Straits. Bongard, in bis " Veyet. de Sitcha," gives the following brief character of " >S. Sitchensis," Sanson, insl,: — " amentis fructiferis breviter pedunculatis, pedunculo subfoliato ; capsulis ovato-lanceolatis tonicntosis pediceliatis, pcdicello nectarium 2-3-superante, stylo elongato, stigmatibus bifidis (?) ; foliis oblongo-obovatis obsolete crenulatis, supra pubescentibus, subtus cano-tomen- tosis." — A single specimen, willi foliage only, whicli M. Bongard has kindly communicated to me, docs not enable me to refer it to any previously described species). 2. POPULUS. L. 1. P. balsamifera (L.); ramis teretibus, foliis ovatis cordatisveacuminatissubccqualiter serratis glabris subtus pallidis reticulatis, anient! masc. squamis fimbriatis parce pilosis, VOL. II. u 154 AMENTACEiG. [Popuhi*. fcetn. ovariis ovato-globosis sti^matis lobis maximis. Ph. Am. 9. p. 619. Rich, App. p. 38. Pall. Ross. 1. 1, 41. Treto, E/ire(. t, -10. — a. pedunculo foem. pubescente, florum pedicellis vix perianthii glabri longitiiiliiic, foliis? — 13. pedunculo fcem. glabra, pedicellis pistillo longioribus, fuliis cordatis aciiminntis basi truncatis. — /. ameptis ubique (etiam ovariis) pubescenti-tomentosis, floiiUiis fcssilibus, foliis exacte cordatis acuminatis. — an species distincta? Hab. Canada. Mrs Sheppard. Tliroii;ul.out tlie woody country to the Great Slave Lake, and the south branch of tlio Mackenzie River, called Riviire mix Liardt, from the great quantity of this tree which growg there. It constituted the greater part ot tl]c ilriTt limber observed on the shores of the Arctic Sea. Jir Richardson. — /3. Newfoundland. Miss Drnihm S. Banks of streams, N.W. America, attaining to a very large size, CO-UO feet high, and 9-20 feet in diameter. Douglas. — The trees in general, I fear, and the Poplars in particular, have not received thiit drgrco of attention that they deserve from the writers on American Botany. The leaves are very liable to vary, and it is remarkably the case with this species, as may be seen by the figures of Trew and Pallas; but they are never white on the underside, as described by Willdeiiow, &c. The flowers, too, are liable to v:irv, if I am correct in referring my two varieties to the present species. The y., from the Pacific side dl America, will probably prove a distinct species; but I possess only one specimen, and that with nearly pcrloct fruit : tho amentum is a span long, and the capsules as large as pease, all over downy, and they are quite sessile. Tho leaves and flowers, both of /3, and y., are very similar in ibrm to those of P. nwnilifera, but tho toothing and under surface are considerably different. My specimens of P. halsamifera, from Kamtschatka, have tho foliage orbicular, with scarcely any acumen.— Dr Richardson observes that the trunk of this attains a greater circumference than that of any other tree in the northern parts of America. 2. P. candicans (Ait.); foliis cordatis acuminatis subtus albidis subtriplinerviis, stipulis resinosis raniis teretibus. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 406. Ph. Am. 2. p. 618. Hab. Canada. Sr Hope. {Ait.) — Of this species I am ignorant, and Willdenow, Pursh, and Michaux, have added nothing to the brief character given by Alton. Indeed Michaux's figure and description, in the iV. American Si/lva, are alike unsatisfactory on tho subject of the Poplars. From Dr Schweinitz I have received the following species, under the name of P. candicans. May they not iu reality lie one and the same? 3. P. grandidentata (Mich.) ; ramis teretibus, petiolis superne compressis, foliis rotun- dato-ovatis vix acuminatis grosse irregulariter seu angulato-dentatis basi saepe biglandu- losis glabris junioribus densissime cano-tomentosis, amentis fcemineis longis laxis, ovariis lanceolatis, stigmatis lobis linearibus. Mx. Am. 2. p. 243. N. Am. Sylv. p. 243. t. 99./. 2. (good as to the fully formed leaf). Hab. Canada. P/i. Mrs S/irppard. Lake Huron. Dr Todd. New Brunswick. Mr Kendal. — The foliage puts on very different ajipearances at different periods of its growth, the young leaves being clothe. 337. Ph. Am. 2. p. 621.— B. liitea. Mx. N. Am. Sylv. 2. p. 103. t. 73. Hab. Abundant in the forests of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Michaux. — I have never been so fortunate as to receive satisfactory specimens of this plant, either from British N. America, or from the United Slates: from its qualities and properties, however, as related by Michaux, it would seem to be a distinct species ; but the figure of this latter author, and specimens of foliage which Mr Kendal sent from New Brunswick, marked " Yellow Birch," seem to differ in no respect from the following : and Bigelow ( Fl, Boat. p. 850) observes of B. excelsa, " it lias considerable resemblance to B. lenta, but the cuticle has ■A yellonisli colour." — It will be seen by Michaux's figure that the lateral lobes of the scales of the catkin are :(s in tlic. following species. 5. 7?. lentn (L.) ; foliis ovntis sen oblongo-ovatis brevi-acuminatis basi oblique cordatis obtusisve argute subihipiicato-serratis nervis approximatis parallelis, subtus petiolis villosulis, jutiioribus sericeis, anientis brevi-peduiiculatis fcemineis fructiferis ellipticis, squamis glabriuscidis nervosis lobis lateralibus ovato-rotuiidatis patentibus intermedio elongate. Ph. Am. 2. p. 621. Mx. N. Am. Sylv. 2. p. 106. t. 74.— B. carpinifolia. Ehrh. Hab. Abundant in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and in Canada, where it is known by the name of the " Cherry Birch." Michaux. Mr Ktndal. — It is a pity that Ehrhart's appropriate name of carpinifolia cannot be preserved to this species. It is reckoned among the most beautiful and valuable of the genus. The leaves are often, but by no means universally, furnished with a tuft of wool in the axils of the veins. 6. B. pumila (L.); "liumilis, foliis orbiculart-obovatis serratis subtus (junioribus prajcipue) ramulisque pubescentibus, amentis fcemineis cylindraceis." JVilld. Sp, PI. 1. 4. p. 467. Jacq. Hort. Find. t. 122. (wow Diet, des Sc. Nat. cum Ic.) Ph. Am. 2. p. 622. Hab. Canada. {Linn.) Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Labrador. Dr Morrison. — I have seen no plant corresponding exactly with tlie B. pumila, except one specimen from Newfoundland, and another, leiis distinctly marked, from Labrador; but these I can oidy consider a downy state of B. ylandulosa. The B. pumila of Diet, ties Sc. Nat. seems to be undoubtedly the European B. fruticosa. 7. li. ylandulosa (Mx. Am. 2. p. 18); luiniilis, ramis resinoso-punctatis v. Itevibus glabris, foliis obovatis seu subrotundo-obovatis obtuse serratis glabris, amentis fcemineis lato-c}'lindraceis breviiisculis, squamis trifidis lobis oblongo-subovatis intermedio parum longiore. Ph. Am. 2. p. 621. Hab. Canada and Hudson's Bay. Michaux. Guldie. Grand Saline and Mountains of Providence, and from Lake Winipeg to Fort Franklin. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Labrador and Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Dr Morrison. — Leaves from ^ to J, or rarely an inch long, varying in width, and somewhat in the length of the petiole : so that some of the specimens, it must be confessed, come very near to the follow- ing. I have selected the best characters I have been able for distinguishing them. 8. B. nana (L.); humilis, ramis resinoso-punctatis v. loevibus glabris, foliis suborbicu- iaribus grosse dentatis glabris, amentis fcemineis brevibus cylindraceis, squamis profunde Alnvt."] AMENTACEiE, 167 trifidis lobis oblongo-subobovatis subsequnlibus. E. Bot. t. 349. Ph. Am. 2. p. 622. — B. flabellifolia ; foliis cuneato-flabelliformibus dentibus profundis acutis. Had. Sphagnous swamps, Hudson's Bay and Canada. Michaux. Labrador. Dr Morrison, Miss Bren- ton. Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. Kolzebue's Sound, Chamisso {in Herb, nost.) Beechey. — /3. Newfoundland. Mr Cormach. — Smaller in all its parts than the preceding, and the leaves constantly more orbicular, and nearly sessile. The scales, too, of the female amentum appear to be more deeply cleft, and the segments more equal.— 0. is a very beautiful variety, with broadly cuneate leaves, semicircular at the extremity, and, there only, deeply, regularly, and sharply toothed. From Sweden, Mr R. B. Bowman has sent me B. nana, with the young branches decidedly pubescent, thus bearing the same relation to the usual state of the plant, that B. pumila does to B, glandulosa. 4. ALNUS. L. 1. A. glutinosa. Gosrtn.—E. Bot. t. 1508. Ph. Am. 2. p. 622. Hab. Interior of Canada and the N. W. Coast. Ph. — Willdenow gives this as a native of N. America, and Pursh speaks of this as " a large tree, known every where under the name of Alder i" but I have seen nothing like our common Alder from any part of N. America, and I presume the A. viridis has generally been mistaken for it. 2. A. crispa (Ait. H. Kew. ed. \. v. 3. p. 339); pedunculis ramosis, foliis ovatis acutis subundulatis, venis subtus pilosis, nxiilis iiudis, stipulis subi'otundo-ovatis. — B. crispa. Mx. Am. 2. p. 181. Ph. Am. 2. p. 623.— A. undulata. IVilld. Hab. Newfoundland and Hudson's Bay. Aiton. — Of this I know nothing, unless it be, as Nuttall has suggested (in Herb, nostr.), a state of ^. incana. 3. A. viridis (DC.) ; foliis ovatis acutis ad margines inciso-sublobatis argute inooqualiter serratis utrinque glabris v. ad venas subtus pilosiusculis et nunc in axillis venarum lanatis, atnentis junioribus cylindraceis, fructiferis ovalibus. Cham.in Linneea, 6. p. 538. — Betula ovata. Schrank. — IVilld. — AInus incnna, glabrifolia. Hook, et Am. in Bot, of Beech. p.WI and 129. — A. glutinosa. Bich. App. p. 36. an Ph. ? — /3. foliis majoribus marginibus magis inciso-lobatis. Hab. Canada, throughout the woody and barren country, and to the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Sitcha. Bongard. Kolzebue's Sound. Chamisso. Beechey. — P. N. W. America, from the mountains to the sea. Douglas, Scouler, Tolmie. — The specimens of a. correspond entirely with the European plant of the same name, and the exactly ovate acute leaves, finely and deeply serrated, and the longer, cylindrical, and (apparently] green, young female catkins, will readily distinguish it from A. glutinosa, Dr Ricliardson's specimens, from his first journey, have the leaves quite young ; but I think I cannot he mistaken in referring them here. The Columbia specimens have the leaves usually large, but retaining their true character. 4. A. incana (Willd.) ; foliis ellipticis subovatisve integris vel margine obscure lobatis obtusis vel acutiusculis argute serratis subtus pubescentibus, amentis junioribus cylindra- ceis, fructiferis ovalibus. — Betula incana. L. — Pall. Ross, 1. p. 64. — 13. foliis subtus ad nervos pilosis v. etiam glaberrimis. — Betula serrulata. Ait, Hort, Kew. ed. 1. p. 338. — Alnus. Ph. Hab. «. and /3. throughout Canada (Mrs Sheppard), to the Saskatchawan and Fort Franklin. Dr Rich- ardson, Douglas, Drummond. New Brunswick, Mr Kendal, Newfoundland, Miss Brenlon. — The 168 AMENTACEiE. iQuereui. leaves are generally larger than, and of a different thape from, the preceding. In the degree of pubeicence on the under lurface of the leave*, the groatett variation appears, and the most donny kind in every parti- cular corresponds with the European incana, so that I have no hesitation in considering the A. lerrulata (which indeed is sometimes quite glabrous) a var. of it. 5. A, rubra (Bong. Veg. de Sitcha, p. 44); foliis ellipticis mnrginibus undique obtuse lobatis lobis obtuse serrulatis subtus ad nervos prrecipue puberulis siccitate subferrugineit, amentis foem. junioribus cylindraceis, fructiferis ovatis. — A. castancoefolia. Dougl. Mat. Hab. Sitcha. Bongard. Dry rocky banks of the Columbia, near the Grand Rapids, common {Dougtai), and below Fort Vancouver. Dr Scouler. — This is a perfectly distinct species, and well characterized by Dr Bongard, who observes that it is called " Red Alder" by the Russians inhabiting the colony at Sitcha. The margins of the leaves are so deeply and regularly lobed that they might almost be called pinnatiRd, and these lobes and the serratures are singularly blunt. There is nothing peculiar in the catkins. Indeed the fructification of the different species of Alder exhibit very little variation. SUBORD. III. PlATANE^.. JutS. 5. PLATANUS. L. 1. /*. occidentalis. L. — Ph. Am. 2. p. 635. Mich, N. Am. Sylv. p. 65. t. 63. Hab. Canada. SuBORD. IV. CUPULIFER^. Rxch. 6. QUERCUS. L. 1. Q. tinctoria. Bartr.—Ph. Am. 8. p. 629. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. I. p. 1 10. t. 24. Hab. Canada. Dr Beck. 2. Q,. rubra (Yi.) \ foliis longe petiolatis circumscriptione latissime ovalibus profunde sinuatis lobis integris vel subincisis sctaceo-acuminatis glabris, fructibus sessilibus, cupula brevissima scutellirormi squamis parvis ovatis pubescentibus, glande late ovata acute umbonata. Ph. Am. 2. p. 630. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. i.p. 125. t. 28. Hab. Canada, from Lake Huron (Dr Todd), to the Saskatchawan and rocks at Lake Namakeen. Dr Bichardson. 3. Q. Bannisteri. Mx.—Ph. Am. 2. />. 631. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 1. p. 99. /. 21. Hab. Canada. Dr Beck. 4. Q. obtusiloba. Mich Ph. Am. 2. p. 632. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. p. 37. t. 5. Hab. Canada. Dr Beck. 5. Q. aU>a {L.) i foliis obovato-oblongis basi attenuatis pinnatifidis junioribus utrinque cano-pubescentibus aduhipribus subtus pubescentibus v. glabris lobis lato-oblongis obtus- sissimis V. retusis nonumquam subcuneatis petiolis brevibus, fructibus pedunculatis, cupula hemisphaerica dense squamosa squamis ovatis pubescentibus, glande ovatse obtusa cum umbone. Ph. Am. 2. p. 633. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 1. p. 1 1. /. 1. Hab. Canada, to Lake Winipeg (which Mr Douglas considers its northern limit, and where it attains only a height of 10.20 fcet). Dr Kichard$on. Douglas. Fagiu.^ AMENTACEiE. 159 6. Q. Garryana (Dougl. mst.) ; foliis latissime obovatis utrinque obtusis sinuato-pinnati- fidis siccitate nigricantibus supra glubris subtus petiolis ramisque dense fusco-pubescenti- bus lobis latis obtusissimis, fructibus sessilibus, cupula perbrevi-hemisphaerica dense squamosa squamis ovato-acuminatis pubescentibus, glande ovata obtuse cum umbone conico. Hab. N. W. America. Menzies (in Herb, nottr.) Plentiful on tlie plains near Fort Vancouver, on the Multnomalc, and at Vugel Sound. Douglas, Dr Gairdner. Tutmie.— Forty to eiglity feet higli, 3-5 in dia- meter : tlie wood good, and well adapted for ship-building. This Oak, which I believe to be a very distinct species, has not only the underside of the adult leaves, but the petioles and branches, clothed with a dense dingy-coloured down. The leaves, too, are much broader than in Q. alba, the acorns are sessile, and the cups much shallower. There is an Oak in Mr Drummond's third collection of Texas plants (No. 342), named " Yellow Post Oak," distinguished by the downy leaves and the size of the acorns, in which the leaves and sessile acorns agree with those of the present species very closely ; but the branches are glabrous, and the cups are much deeper, and clothed with larger and more hoary scales. — Mr Menzies also detected Q. Garryana in California, where Mr Douglas, besides the Q. agrifotia, Ned, gathered also a third species, with leaves somewhat like the present, but narrower, and with narrower lobes, nearly glabrous beneath, and much smaller acorns. These three are, as far as I know, the only Oaks yet discovered in N. W. America. , 7. CASTANEA. Z. 1. C. chrysophylla (Dougl. mst.) ; foliis sempervirentibus lato-lanceolatis acuminatis coriaceis integerrimis glabris subtus aureo-farinosis. Hab. Common on the Grand Rapids of the Columbia, to Cape Orford, and near Mount Hood ; constantly inhabiting the hills. — This is a most splendid evergreen tree, varying in height from 20 to 70 feet, with leaves 4-5 inches long, full green above, below of a rich golden yellow. These leaves are quite entire. The spikes or catkins of flowers scarcely exceed an inch in length, including the peduncle,*and they are soli- tary in the axils of the upper leaves ; sometimes all the flowers on a catkin are male ; sometimes the two or three lower flowers are female. Fruits 2-3, crowded, densely clothed with acicular prickles. 8. FAGUS. L. 1. F. fermginea (Ait.); moncecia, foliis oblongo-ovatis acuminatis remote dentato- serratis hasi neutis v. obtusis, fructus aculeis ferrugineo-tomentosis reflexis. Ph. Am. 2. p. 624. Mith. N. Am. Sylv. 3. p. 21. A 106. Hab. Canada, New Brunswick, and Newfoundland. — This is the " Red Beech," of the inhabitants, and I, like Dr Torrcy, have only seen this one species from any part of N. America; but Michaux, and Ameri- can authors, describe another species as also inhabiting Canada, namely — 2. F. sylvestris (Mich.) ; " foliis acuminatis obsolete dentatis margine ciliatis." Mich. N. Am. Sylv. p. 18. t. 107 — F. sylvalica. Ph. Am. 2. p. 625 (not Linn.), — F. sylvatica. (3. Nittt. Gen, Am, 2. p. 216. Hab. Canada. Michaux, who calls this the " White Beech," from the difference of the colour of the wood in tho two kinds ; but neither in Michaux's figure, nor in the description of authors, does their appear any marks by which this can be separated botanically from the preceding. In both, the leaves vary somewhat in shape, but are at all times much larger and longer and more toothed than in the European Beech, which has, moreover, the prickles of the fruit straight, and not clothed with ferruginous down. 160 MYRICE.^. iComplonia. 0. CARPINUS. L. 1. C. Americana, mild.— Ph. Am. 2. p. Q23.—Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 9. p. 88. /. 108. Hai. Canada. 10. OSTRYA. Micheli. 1. O. Virginica. Willd.—Ph. Am, 2. p. 623.— Carpinus Ostrya. Mich, N. Am. Sylv. p. 31. t. 109. Hab. Canada, to Lake Winlpeg. Dr Richardson. Now Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Michaux, 11. CORYLUS. L. 1. C. Americana (Wahl.); foliis subrotundu-corclatis acuininatis, involucris nuce globosa multo majoribus liml)o maximo dilatato foliaceo grosse dentato. Ph. Am, 2. p. 634. — 13. amentorutn (utriusque sexus) squatnis densissime sericeo-villosis. Hab. Canada. — fi. N. VV. Coast. Memita. Dotiglat, S'cou/er.— Readily diatinguishod by t))o remarkably large leafy limb to the involucre of tbe fruit. Of the var. /3. I Imve seen no fruit. It may probably con- stitute a new species. 2. C. rostrata (Ait.); fuliis cordato-ovalibus acuminatis, involucris iiiferne sericeo- hispidis nuce globosa multo majoribus in tubuni longissimum angustum apice incisum desinentibus. Ph, Am. 2, p. 635. Had. Canada, to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Ord. XCII. MYIllCE^. Rich. 1. MVRICA. L. 1. M. Gale. L.—E. Dot. t, 568. Ph. Am. 2. p. 620. Hab. Throughout Canada, and to Fort Norman on the Mtickcnzio River. Dr Richardson. New Brunswick. Air Kendal. Labrador and Newfoundland. Miss Brenton, Dr Morrison, — The young buds, Dr Richard- son says, are used by the Indians to dye their porcupine's quills. 2. M. Californica (Chain, in Linneva, 6, p. 535, et in Herb, noslr,); ramis angulatis, foliis anguste lanceolatis acutis basi in petiolum brevem attenuatis adultis prsesertim serratis glabrescentibus coriaceis punctis niinutis resinosis adspersis margine reflexo obso- lete nervosis, amentis axillaribus solitariis, fructibus tuberculatis nudis. — M. Xaiappensis. H. and K. ? Hab. N. W. Coast. Menzies, Swamps of Pugct Sound. Douglas.— \ do not think this differs as a species from M. Xaiappensis, Our specimens of what we consider that plant, gathered in Mexico, are quite the same as Chamisso's, so that this species has a very extensive range. 2. COMPTONIA. GfBrtn, 1. C. aspkniifoUa. Ait. — Ph. Am. 2. p. 635. — Liquidambar asp). L. Hab. New Brunswick and Canada, to the Saskulchawan, Dr Richardson. Drummond. Pinui,} CONIFER,E. ono. xcin. conifer.t:. ./»««. 161 I. PINU8. L. 1. P. Danhaiana (hamb.* Pin. t. 3); roliisgeniinisuncialibus rigidiscurvatislinetiribus acutis clorso tereti supra canaliculntis marginibus (sub lente) scabris, strobilis sul)biuiiL'iuli- busovntO'acuminatis recurvis raino mlpressis pleriitnquc biiiis,squainis obtiisis Itcvibtisiluiso superne gibboso. Ph. Am. S. /). 612, — P. rupesitris. Mich. N. Am, Sylv. 3. p. 1 17. /. I3(i. Hab. Dry sandy lolls, Caimdu, to lut. 04°, and oven beyond that, on the landy bunks of the Mackonziv River. Dr Richardaon. 2. P. inops (Sol. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v, 3. p. 367); foliis geminis breviiisciilis (biuncinlibus) obtusiusculis rigidis supra canaliculatis subtus terelibus marginibus serrulu- tis, strobilis recurvis ovato-oblongis longitudine foliorum, vaginis brevibus, squamis compactis obtiisis infra opicem nculeo subuiato patente instructis. Lamb, Pin. t, \2, Mich. N, Am. Sylo. 3. p. 129. t. 139. Ph, Am. 2. ;>. 641. Dong, Veget. de Silcha, p. 45. — P. distortn. Dougl. mst, — i3. foliis minus rigidis. Had. Sitcha. Jioiujaril (in Herb, noalr.). Shores of tho Pacific, from the confluence of the Columbia northwards.' Observatory Inlet. Dr Scouler.— fi. growing; close to the snow on Mount Rainier. Tolmie. — This forms a "low scrubby" Pine in N. W. Amuricai on Mount Rainier, near tho snow, not exceeding lu feet in heij^ht. Tho specimens exactly agree with the same species from the United States. 3. P. reainosa (Sol. in Hort. Kew, ed. 1. p. 367) ; foliis geminis elongatis (4-5 unciu- libus) acutis supra leniter cnnaliculatis dorso teretibus marginibus asperis, vaginis elongutis, strobilis ovato-conicis basi rotundatis subsolitariis subbiunciulibus, squaniis superne conico-convexis. Lamb, Pin, t. 13. Ph, Am, 2, p, 612. — P. rubra. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 3, p 112. t, 134, Had. Canada N. W. America, along with P. Lambeiliana. Douglas. 4. P, Strobua (L.); foliis quiiiis gracilibus subtriuncinlibus acute triquetris margine superne scabriusculis supra glaucis, vaginis nullis, strobilis folio longioribus subcylindraceis loevigatis curvato-pendulis, squamis laxis magnis latissimis planis. Lamb, Pin. I, 32. Ph. Am, 2. p, 644. Mich, N,Am, Sylv, 3. p, 139. t, 145. — P. monticola. Dougl.mat, — Lamb. Pin, descr, aine Ic, Hab. Nova Scotia and Canada, to the Saskatchawanandeast sideof iho Rocky Mountain!>. Drmmnoml : and on the west side, from the source of the Columbia to the alpine range of Mount Hood. Douglas. — This is tho well-known " Weymouth Pine" of our plantations. I cannot perceive the slightest difference in the P. monticola of Mr Douglas and the present. The cones and foliage arc exactly similar. 5. P, Lambertiana (Dou^. msi.) ', foliis quinis siibelongatis 4-5 uncialibus rigidiusculis acutis acute triquetris unicoloribus margine subasperis, vaginis nullis, strobilis mnximis (pedalibus et ultra) oblongis, squamis laxis latissimis planis. — Lamb, Pin, t. 31. — /3. ? foliis brevioribus. * I quote from the imperial 8vo edition, published by Messrs Wcddel in 1832 ; the only edition, save the tint, that I have the opportunity of consulting. VOL. II. X 169 CONIFERiB. IPintu. Umi. From N. lot. 49°, in N. W. Americu, to California. Firtt iccn at tlio head-waten nf tho Mull- nnmali in 1825. Douylai.—li. " Height of Land" in tho Hoclcy Moiintuina. Drummund. — Tho giant of the N. W, American foreata, being inmotimea 2\i feet in height, 57 fcvt U imthca, in circumference, at 3 feet from tlie ground, and 17 feet 5 inchei, in circumference, at 94 feet from the ground i whilit tho conei are from I'i to 16 inche* in length, and 11 iuchoi in circumference in tho thirkcit piirt! — A Pine in many re- s[iecti limilar to thii wai found by Mr Drummond in very elevated iituation* of tho Rocky Mountain!, iipnr the " Height of Land," yet thero growing 60 and 00 feet high. The leavti arc, however, ahorter (3 or 3 inchea) and more rigid, and tho apecimcna have tho cloiCit afiinily with thoao of tho European P. Cembra. No cone* of it exiit in tho collection. (i. /'. Sabiniana (Dougl. mst.) ; rnmtilis squarrosis, foliis ternis prislongis pedalibui ncutis unicoloribus dorso tereti supra linea acuta elevata margitie scabris, vaginis in adultis brevibus, strobilis subrotundo-ovatis maximis, squamis patentibus laxis latissimis apicibus longe ncuminatis incurvis spincscentibus. Lamb, Pin. t, 80. Has. ti. W. America ; inhabits moiit vegetable depositi of Now AlbioUi at a great elevation abovo tha ica. Douglai. Fallalino hilli. Dr Gairdner. — A tree from 40-120 feet in height, and 2-I2 fact in circum- ference. Conet 0-1 1 inches long, and 5 to 0 inches in diameter. 7. P. (Abiei?) Memiesii (Lnmb. Pin. de$cr, sine Ic) ; foliis acutis planit subtuu argeiitcis undique versis, strobilis cylindraceis, squamis scariosis margine erosis." Hab. N. W. America. Memiet (in Herb. Lamb,). 8. P. (Abieg) nobilia (Dougl. mst.); foliis (uncialibus) linearibus falcatis supra linea media exarata subtus pallidioribus linea media elevata, strobilis erectisovato-cylindraceis (R-7 uncialibus, S-unc. lat.), squamis compactis latissimis, bracteolisloto-spathulatis arete imbricato-deflexis squamas tegentibus apice erosis cum acumine subulato rigido. Lamb. Pin. descr. cum Ic. Has. N. W. America. Douglas, Drought to Fort Vancouver by the Indians, under the name of Tuck- tuck, from the Great Falls of tho Columbia. Dr Gairdner — A beautiful and handsome Spruce, with singu- larly fine cones, of which tho scales aro entirely concealed by the largo refloxed and imbricated bracteole* cacli tipped with a spine about three lines long. Tbeso cones resemblo in many respects those of P, Picea, but are much broader, and have much larger and more reflected bracteoiea. 9. P. (Abies) Douglasii (Sabine, mst.); foliis anguste linearibus (uncialibus) obtusis supra linea media exarata subtus albidis linea media elevata marginibus reflexis, strobilis erectis ovatis (triuncialibus), squamis paucis laxis latissimis, bracteolis obovato-lanceolatis squamam superantibus 3-fidis, lacinia media spiniformi lateralibus membranaceis erosis longiori. (Tab. CLXXXIII.) Hab. N. W. America, a common timber. Douglas. Dr Gairdner. — Tho cones of this arc very unlike tliose of any other species, scarcely three inches long, composed of few (about 30) large broad lax scales, and each subtended by u bracteole lunger than the scale, deeply trifid at the apex, the two lateral laciniai acumi- nated and toothed or crose on their outer edge, the middle longer than these, and constituting a straight rigid spine, about a quarter of an inch long. Mr Douglas observes, that the principal part of the gloomy forests of N. W. America, in the vallics of the Kocky Mountains, and throughout tho interior skirting those Piitu*.] CONIFER.C. IM mountaint, it compMcd of thi* tiMciui. from ao 10 M fi-et. It ktuini • height of from 150 to 900 feet, and t clrcumfurenco ul Tam. CLXXXllI. Flif. I, Male CHtklni i / 3, Cone i—nal. lite i /. H, Loavei i—magn\fltd. 10. /', (Abie$) Balmm«a (L,); foliis linearibus (uncialibus) obtusis i^upra linen meiliii cxarata iiubtus albidiH lintn media clevata marginibus rcflexix, strobiii* cructin cylindracein (4-5-uncialibui) reniiiiflu i, squamiM latimimii compactiH, l)racteoli8 obovatii dentatis obtusiii Hquomam fere ivquantibua. Lamb, Pin. t, 41. Ph. Am. 8, p. 630, — Abies baUami- fero, Mich. N. Am. Sj^. p. 101. t. 1 50. Hai. Canada and Nova Scotia, to the Saikatchawan, Dr Rirhardion. 11. P. (Abies) yrundii (Dougl. mst.) ; fuliis (uncialibus) linearibus obtusis lupra lineu media exniata subtus ulbidis iinea media elevnta marginibus reflexis, strobilis ereclis uvaii- cylindraceis (6>uncialibu8, 2-S-uncias lat,) resinifluis, squamis compactis iutissimis, bracteolis ovatis brevi-acuminatis cuspidatis marginibus erosis squama multo brevioribub. Lamb. Pin. App, descr. sine Ic. Ha». N, W. America, Douglai.— The cono of thin, Mr Lambert remnrlci, reicmblei that of P. Cedrut, but I tliinii much mnro that of tho preceding, P. Baliumeu, and P. Wtbbiana, and it it in lilio manner deniely coaled with a reiinoui iubitance. 12. P. (Abies) lasiocarpa ; foiiis linearibus obtusis (uncialibus et fere sesquiuncialibus) unicoloribus supra Iinea media cxarata subtus Iinea media clevata marginibus paululum incrassatis, strobilis ?, squamis latis subrotundatis extus dense fusco-pubcs- centibus, bracteolis late obovatis vix denticulatis squama subdupio brevioribus apice mucronato-acuminatis. Had. Interior of N. W. America (last journey). Douglas. — There are no entire conei accompanying the tolitary specimen of thin plant ; hut the scalea and hractcoles, lying with the Icavoi, arc conaiderably dlti'urent from any otiier species with which I am acquainted. Tho former are clothed with a dense almost ferru- ginous down. The leaves, too, are longer than in any other American species. 13. P. (Abies) alba (Soland. in Hort, Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 371) ; foiiis curvatis brevibu:^ teti-agonis (vix uncialibus) strobilis (3-uncialibus) pendulis oblongis subattenuatis obtusis, squamis late obovatis tenuibus integerrimis. Lamb. Pin. t. 36. Ph. Am. 2. p. 641. Rich. App. p. 36 Abies alba. Mich. A^. Am. Sylv. 3. p. 128. t. 148. Hab. Throuithout Nova Scotia and Canada, to within twenty miles of the Arctic Seu, und on the Cop- permine River ; in lat. 67^° it attains a height of twenty feet and more. Dr Richardson. — This is the most northern tree met with by Dr Richardson in his Arctic journeys. See an interesting notice of the uses uf this tree among the Crces and Esquimaux, in Uicbardson App. above quoted. Young cones pale green ; old ones pale brown. 14. P. (Abies) nigra (Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. r. 3.;;. 370); foiiis rectis brevibus tetra- gonis (semiuncinlibus), strobilis pendulis ovatis obtusis (uncialibus v. pauIo ultra), squamis crassis lignosis obovato-cllipticis laxiusculis apice eroso-denticulatis. Lamb. Pin. t. 37. Ph. Am. 2. p. 640. Rich. App. p. 36 Abies nigra. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. p. 176. t. 147. 164 CONIFER^E. [ Taxndium. Had. Ncnfoundland, Nova Scotia, and throughout Cunada,to lat. G6°, where it terminatos with the lielula papi/racea. DrRidiurJson. — It grows in swampy situations. Cones deep purple, at length in ago brown. 15. P. (Abies) rubra (Lnmh. Pin, t. 38); " foliis solitariis subtilatis ncuminatis, stro- l>i!is (peiidulis) oblongis obtiisisi, squninis rotuiulatis subbilobis margine integris." — P. Aniericaim lubia, &c. U'amjcnh. Deyt. 75. t 16. /. 34. Hab. Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. Wangenh. (in Lamb.). — This is a very dubious tree, according to Mr Lambert. Pursh says it is nearly related to the preceding. 16. P. (Abies) Canadensis (L.) ; ramulis pubescentibus, foliis brevibus (6 lineas longis) lineaiibus teiiuibus obsctire denticulatis subtus glaucis, strobilis parvis (vix folio longiori- l)us), sqiiamis paiicis rottttulatis iiitegerrimis. Lamb. Pin. t. 45. Ph. Am. 2. p. 640. — Abies Canadensis. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 3. p. 183. t. 140. — 13.? foliis angustioribus. — P. taxifolia. Lamb. Pin. I. 47. Hab. Canada, extending to the most northern regions, according to Pursh. N. W. America, Dr Scouler, as far as MiDhank Sound and Stikine. Tolmie. — ^. ? N. W. America. Menzies. — This well-known Hemlock Spruce is readily distinguished by its small terminal cones. My specimens from N. W, America, which are in fruit, do not seem to differ from those of IDostern America, and I am led to consider the P. laxij'ulim of Mr Lambert probably a variety of the present species. 17. P. (Larix) pendula (Soland. iu Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v, 3. p. 369); foliis fascicti- latis deciduis, strobilis oblongis squumuruni niarginibus inflexis, bracteolis paiidurifornii- bus acuinine attenuato. Lamb. Pin. t. 49. Ph. Am. 2. p. 643. H.'.B. Canada. P/i. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. N. W. America. Douglas. — Mr Douglas' speci. men, gathered in his last journey, has neither cones nor flowers, and the leaves are longer and slenderer than any other Larix I have ever seen. 18. P. (Larix) microcarpa(Du U.o\); *' foliis fasciculatis deciduis, strobilis subiottindis paucifloris, squamis inflexis, bracteolis elliplicis obtuse acuminatis." Lamb. Pin. I. 30. Ph. Am. 2. p. 645. — Larix Americana. Mich. N. Am, Sylv, 3. p. 213. t. 153. Hab. Hudson's Bay. Ph. From York Factory to Point Lake, in lat. 65°, where it only attains a height of from G-8 feet. Dr Richardson. Lake Huron. Dr Todd. — I should fear this can only be distinguished from tlie preceding by its shorter leaves and smaller cones. I am unacquainted with the affinities of the two following species— 19. P. Mertensiana (Bong. Veg. Sitcha, p. ib) ; "foliis (solitariis) linearibus obtusius- culis basi in petiolum attenuatis integerrimis, squamis coni reniformibus integris." Hab. Sitcha. .Boni/arej.— Leaves 5 lines, and oblong cones 1^ inch, long. 20. P. Sitchensis (Bong. Veg. Sitcha, p. 45); "foliis (solitariis) linearibus subtetra- goiiis acuminatis mucronatis, squamis coni oblongis obtusis tcnuissime denticulatis." Hab. Sitcha. iJo/ii^art/.— Leaves 7-8 lines, ovate cones l-l^ inch, long. TAXODIUM. Richard. 1. T. ? sempervirens (Lamb. Pin. t, 64) ; " foliis distichis linearibus acutis perennanti- biis coriaceis glubris opacis." Lamb. Junipenis.'] CONIFERiE. 164 Hab. N. W. Coast of America. Menzies.— This seems a very doubtful Taxodium, of which I have seen no specimen. CUPRESSU3. Z. 1. C. thyoides (L.); ramis patentibus tetragonis, foliis lato ovatis-acuminatis quad- rifariam imbricatis clorso convexis medio tuberculatis, galbulis inagnitudine pisi miiioris globosis subsessilibus, squamis subumbonatis loevibus. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 3. p. 207. t, 152. Ph. Am. 2. p. 646. — Thuja spbseroidalis. Rich. Had. Canada. Mrs Sheppard. Cumberland House Fort. Drummond. — There is but one specimen in Mr Drummond'g collection, and that is mixed with Junipenis Sabina, with which the leaves have the greatest affinity, but from which the fruit at once distinguishes it. 2. C. Nutkatensis (Lamb. Pin. n. 60. sine Jc); ramis subereclis tetragonis, foliis late uvatis acuminatis quadrifariam imbricatis dorso carinatis etuberculatis, galbulis magni- tudine pisi majoris globosis ramos breves terminantibus, squamis umbonatis laevibus. — Thuja excelsa. Bong. Veget. de Sifcha, p. 46. Hab. N. W. Coast of America. Nutka. Memies. Observatory Inlet. Dr Scolder. Sitcha. Bongard {in Herb, nos/r.).— The branches are sometimes a little compressed. Mr Bongard's plant has the fruit of a Cupressus, and it is altogether the same species as that here characterized. It has a near affinity with the Preceding, but that has shorter and more spreading and flatter branches, and leaves with a tubercle at the back, and smaller fruit. ' THUJA. L. 1. T. occidentalis (L.); ramis ramulisque ancipitibus patentibus, foliis late ovatis obtusis nrcte 4-fariam imbricatis intermediis planis medio tuberculo notatis, strobilis luitantibus. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 3. p. 226. /. 156. Ph. Am. 2. p. 646. Had. From Lake Huron, to the Saskatchawan. Dr Eichardson—Thii is the American Arbor Vita. ' 2. T. gigantea (Nutt. PI. of Rocky M. p. 52); ramis ramulisque compressis erectis, foliis ovatis acutis arete 4-fariam imbricatis intermediis convexis puncto impresso etuber- culatis, strobilis arete reflexis. — T. Menziesii. Douglas, mst. — T. plicata. Lamb. Pin. n. 61 (in partem). Hab. North West America. Menzies. {Herb, noslr.) Common from the source of the Columbia to its confluence with the sea, and thence north to Nutka Sound. Douglas. Scouler. Wi/eth. Wallamet. Tolmie. — A truly distinct species from the preceding, in the characters above given. Mr Lambert seems to have con- founded it with a different species said to have been found by Don Luis Nee in New Spain : for his charac- ters, probably taken from that species, do not agree with Mr Menzies' original specimens from Nutka, which he has nevertheless considered as the same. The branches are longer, slenderer, and more upright than in T. occidentalis, yet less flattened or ancipitate, of a deeper green colour. The leaves arc always destitute of a tubercle, and the cones are much more drooping ; in short, beating the same relation witli it, that Cupressus A^utkatensis docs with C. t/iyoides. It attains a height of GO to 1 70 feet, and 20 to 40 feet in the circumference of the trunk. Douglas. JUNIPERUS. L. 1. J. communis. L. — E. Dot. t. 1100. Ph. Am. 2, p. 647. Rich. App.p. 38.- |3. narui. L — E. Dot. Suppl. t. 2743. (J. nana.) -w 166 CONIFERiG. IJuniperui. Hab. Newfoandland. Lake Huron, to the barren country of the Hudton Bay Co.'s territoriei, and on the Weat Coast, as far as Sitcha. Bongard. Summit of Mount Rainier. Tolmie.~$. in the most exposed and sterile situations. 2. J. Sabina (L.) ; ramulorum tetragonorum foliis quadrifariam dense imbricatis ovatis acutis V. acuminatis concavis seu subcarinatis dorso basin versus glandula oblonga quan- doque obsoleta instructis ; ramorum teretium foliis plerumque acerosis squamiformibus remotis appressis v. patulis, baccis nigro-pruinosis. Mich. Am. 2. p. 246. Nutt. — PA. Am. 2. J9.647.— J. Virginiana. L Mich. N. Am. Spiv. p. 221. t. 155. PA. Am. 2. p. 647. Nutt. — ^.humilisi procutnbens. — J. Sabina. /3. WiUd.—Ph. — J. prostrata. Pers. Rich. App, p. 38.— J. repens. Nutt. ? Has. Throughout Canada, to the SasliatchawHn.— 13. in poor rocky soils, especially in the north. Dr Richardson. In the Rocky Mountains. Lewis. Lake Huron. Nuttall. — In Eastern America Botanists have enumerated five species of Savin-leaved Juniper ; J. Sabina (which also abounds in Europe, and in Northern 'Asia), J. Virginiana, J. Bermudiana, J. Barbademit, and J. prostrata ; but I must confess that among all the specimens I have received from various countries included between the 53d and 32d degrees of latitude, I can recognise only one species by any botanical characters, and that one differs in no respect from the Europsean J. Sabina, to which I unhesitatingly refer it. If there are other species, I have not seen them, and the descriptions of authors are so vague and unsatisfactory, that I have in vain sought for distinguishing marks in their characters and observations. The leaves certainly differ considerably in different specimens ; but not more so than they frequently do on one and the same individual. Thus, Bigelow observes that (in J. Virginiana) " a singular variety appears in the young shoots, especially those which issue from the base of the trees : this consists in an elongation of the leaves to five or six times their usual length, while they become spreading, acerose, considerably remote from each other, and irregular in their insertion, being either opposite or temate, so that they have been repeatedly mistaken for individuals of a different species." He adds too, that the leaves of ,T. Virginiana resemble Savin in their medicinal properties.— I may here observe that the Savin-leaved Junipers of the Old World are as unsatisfactorily characterized in books as those of the New ; and equally demand a careful investigation of the Botanist. In all, upon the older branches, the leaves are elongated, acerose, and distant where the shoots have been vigorous and lengthened, short and blunt and compact, and giving a tessellated appearance, when the shoots are short and stunted.— Again, with regard to the more usual form of the American species, J. Virginiana, as it is generally called, (though the Linnaean character does not accord with it), we can understand, from its mode of growth, why this plant, which in some situations is a tree 40 or 45 feet high, should in others become a small prostrate shrub. Michauz remarks that " the most striking peculiarity in the vegetation of it is that the branches which are numerous and close, spring near the earth, and spread horizontally, and that the lower limbs are, during many years, as long as the body of the tree. The trunk decreases so rapidly that the largest stocks rarely afford timber for ship-building of more than 1 1 feet in length."— Very far north, Dr Richardson tells us that " it grows close to the ground, and sends out flabelliform branches 2 yards long, which are very ornamental in thin rocky soils." 3. J. occidentalia ; ramis ramulisque patentibiis teretibus, foliis arete 4-fariani imbri- catis subrotundo-ovatis obtusis valde convexis paulo infra medium glandula oblonga con- spicua resiniflua notata. — J. excelsa. Dougl. mst. — PA. Am. 2. p. 647. (vix Bieb.) Hab. N. W. America. Banks of the waters in the Rocky Mountains. Lewis (in Ph.) Common on the higher piirts of the Columbia, at the base of the Rocky Mountains, where it attains a height of 60-80 feet, and a diameter of from 2-3 feet. Douglas. — Mr Douglas' collection, in my possession, contains only two specimens of this plant, without flowers or fruit. From the locality, there can scarcely be a doubt of its being the 4^. Sagittaria,'] ALISMACE^. 167 excelsa of Pursh ; but that it is the J. exceha of Bielientein, firom Tauria, is a question ; and indeed the latter author himself says of his plant, " diagnosis a J. Sabina difficillima, quamvis specie otnnino differat." From J. Sabina our present species may be readily known by the more spreading branches and branchlets, and by both being perfectly terete, by the rounder and more convex leaves, and, above all, by the large gland on every leaf, constantly exuding a transparent resin, which concretes in drops upon the foliage. There are no acerose leaves on the older branches whatever, but the old leaves form lozenge-shaped scales or tubercles, with the resinous gland still very conspicuous. TAXUS. £. 1. T. baccata. L.—E. Bot. t. 746. Nutt. Gen. Am. p. 246.— 0. minor. Mich, Am. 2. p. 245 T, Canadensis. WUUU—Ph. Am. 2. p. 647. Nutt. Has. Lake Huron, yuttall. Mountwnous parts of N. W. Americs.. Douglas. Dr Scouler.—fi. Canada, to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond, Newfoundland. Mr Cormack, Miss Srenton. — In the eastern parts, the Yew seems to form a low shrub ; but on the Columbia, Mr Douglas assures us, it attains a size fully equal to that of Europe, bows of its wood. As was the case with our ancestors, the Indians make their Cl. II. MONOCOTYLEDONEiE. OiiD. I. COMMELINE^. Br. I. TRADESCANTIA. L. 1. T. Virginica. L.—Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 105. Ph. Am. \.p. 218. Hab. Upper Canada? Mrs Skeppard. Ord. II. ALISMACEJi:. Br. 1. SAGITTARIA. L. 1. S. sagittifolia. L. — Ph. Am. 2. p. 396. — var. I. vulgaris ; foliis mediocribus sagittse- formibus. — var. 2. macrophyUa ; foliis fere pedalibus lobis lanceolatis decurvis. S. lati- folia. Ph. S. sagittifolia. E. Bot. t. 84. — var. 3. angustifolia ; foliis elongatis angustis lobis linearibus patentibus longissimis, foliis exterioribus stepe indivisis. S. sagittifolia, minor ; S. hastata ; S. gracilis ; and S. heterophylla. Ph. — var. 4. simplex ; foliis omni- bus lineari-lanceolatis simplicibus. S. simplex; S. graminea; and S. acutifolia. Ph. Hab. Ditches and pools, and throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan ; Columbia, and Walla-wallah Rivers. Dr Gairdner, Mr Tolmie. — var. 2. N. W. coast, where it is called by the Chenooks Wapatoo, and where the roots are eaten: Dr Scouler.—var. 3. Canada. Mrs Sheppard. Drummond.— var. 4. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton, — Nothing can be more variable than the leaves of this plant in N. America, and they are of all sizes. 168 AROIDE^E. [Arum. 2. ALISMA. L. 1. A. Phmtago. L. — Mich. Am. — E, Bot. t. 837. — A. trivialis. Ph. Am. 1. p. 252. — P. parviflora. Ph., and probably A. subulata. WiUd. and Ph. Hab. Ditches and pools, Canada, to the Saskatchawan, Columbia. Dr Scouler. 2. A, natans. L.— Ph. Am. I. p. 253. E. Bot. (.1115. Hab Stagnant waters of the St Lawrence. Pursh. Ord. III. JUNCAGINE^. Rich. 1. SCHEUCHZERIA. L. 1. S.palustris. L.—Ph. Am. I. p. 247. E. Bot. t. 1801. Hab. between Cumberland House Fort and Hudson's Bay, and upon the " Height of Land," Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond. 2. TRIGLOCHIN. L. 1. T. maritimum. L. — Ph. Am. I. p. 247. E. Bot. t. 255. Rich. App.p. II. Hab. Cumberland House Fort on the Saskatchawan to the Rocky Mountains (probably in Salt Licks). Drummond; and thence to the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson; and N. W. Coast. Dr Scouler. Douglas. Tolmie. Sitcha. Bongard. Labrador. Dr Morrison, — The specimens vary exceedingly in size, from 4-6 inches to 2 feet. 2. T. palustre. L Ph. Am. 1. p. 247. E. Bot. t. 366. Hab. Marshes between Carlton House and Edmonton House Fort, on the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson, Drummond. Labrador. Z)r ilforrisoji. Sitcha. Bongard {in Herb, nostr.). Ord. IV. AROIDEiE. Br. {including Typheve.) 1. ACORUS. L. 1. A. Calamus. L Ph. Am. 1. p. 235. E. Bot. t. 356. Hab. Canada (PA.), to the Saskatchawan. Drummond. 2. ORONTIUM. L. 1. O. aquaticum. L Ph. Am. I. p. 235. Hook. Ex. Fl. \. t. 19. Hab. Canada. Pursh, 3. ARUM. L. 1. A. triphyllum, L Ph. Am, 2. p. 399. Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 950. Hab. Canada, frequent. — This varies in the colour and markings of the spatha. Sparganium'] ' AROIOEiG. 160 4. CALLA. L. 1. C. palustris. L — Ph. Am. 2. p. 399. Cart. Dot. Mag. t, 1831. Rich. App. p. 36. Hab. Canada, to the Saskatchawan and Hudson's Buy. Dr Richardson. Drummond, 5. SYMPLOCARPUS. Salisb. 1. S.fatidiis (Halt.) ; spatha profiinde cucullata subsessili, spadice subgloboso incluso, foliis serotinis lato-cordatis petiolatis. Hook. Bot. Mag. t 3221. — Ictodes. Bigel. — Pothos foet. Mich.— Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 836.— Dracontium foetidum. L. — Ph. Am. 2. p. 398. Hab. Canada. Pursh. 2. S. Kamtschalicus (Bong. Veget. Sitch. p. 50); spatlm elliptica concava basi longis- sime tubulosa, spadice cylindracea exserta longe pedunculata, foliis amplis ovatis mem- branaceis in petiolum attenuatis. — Dracontium. Linn. Amcen, Acad. 2. p. 362. Hab. N. W. America. Sitcha. Bongard. Columbia. Dr Scouler. N. E. of Fort Vancouver, in over- flowed woods. Dr Gairdner, — My specimens from Dr Scouler and Dr Gairdner are considerably injured : but they arc sufficiently perfect to satisfy me that the plant is a Si/mplocarpus, and the S. Kamtschaticus of Bongard. The root is perennial, bearing large coarse fibres. Leaves, which are clothed at their base with large membranous sheaths, a foot to a foot and a half long, thin, membranaceous, ovate, but tapering gradually into a broad and short foot-stalk : the midrib very broad, especially at the base of tin'""' ' J' )atha, includ- ing the long tube, nearly equal in length with tho leaves : the tubular part sheathing ...e .^..^ peduncle of the spadix. 6. LEMNA. L. 1. L. trisulca. L — Ph. Am. \.p. 22. E. Bot. t. 926. Bich. App. p. 2. '■ Had. Canada, to lat. 58°. Dr Richardson. 2. L. pobjrhiza. L Ph. Am. 2. p. 22. E. Bot. t. 2458. Hab. Cumberland House Fort. Drummond. 3. L. minor. L. — Ph. Am. 1, p. 22. Rich. App. p. 2. Hab. Canada, to lat. 58°. Dr Richardson. {Lemita gibha, which is found in tho Northern United States, is probably also a native of British North America ; but I have seen no specimen, nor is it recorded as such.) 7. SPARGANIUM. L. 1. S. ramosum. Sm. E. Bot. t. 744. Ph. Am. 1. p. 33. — S. erectum. L, Hab. Canada. Ph. Cumberland House Fort. Drummond. (Only one specimen.) 2. S. simplex. Sm. E. Bot. t. 745. Ph. Am. 1. p. 34.— S. erectum. 0. L. Had. Throughout Canada to Fort Franklin, abundant. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Newfoundland. Miss Brenlon. 3. S. nutans. L Ph. Am. 1. p. 34. E. Bot. t. 273. Hab. Canada. Ph. Alpine Lakes of the Rocky Mountains, rare. Drummond. VOL. II. V 170 NAIADES. [Buppio. 8. TYPHA. L. 1. T. latifolia. L Ph. Am. \.p. 34. E. Bot. t. 1455. Rich. App. p. 34. Hab. Throughout Canada to Fort Franklin. Dr Richardton. N. W. Coast, StraiU of de Fuca. Dr Scouler I have not ico tiie T, anguttifoUa, L., from Britiah N, America, but it leemt not uncommon in the United Sutea. Obd. V. SAURUREJE. Richard. 1. SAURURUS. X. 1. S. certmus, L.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 252. Hab. Canada. PA. ; but I have seen no specimen. ih«- Ord. VI. NAIADES. Juss. I. NAIAS. L. 1. N. Canadensis (Mich. Am. 2. p. 220) ; parva repetitim dichotome ramosa caespi- tosa, foliis fasciculatis oppositis metnbranaceis linearibus uninerviis subintegerrimis, stylo apice bi-trifido. (Tab. CLXXXIV.)— PA. Am. 2. p. 602. Hab. Canada (in Lake St John's. Michaux). Mr Cleghom. — A denaely tufted plant, readily distin- guished from the European species of the same genus, by the nearly entire leaves and the often bifid style. My specimens are female only. It is singular that this plant does not appear to be found by any of the United States botanists. I do not know what the Caulinia fragilis and flexilU of the American Floras are, unless the latter be, as I suspect, the n. 436 of Drummond, 3d Coll. of Texas plants ; but our plant does not corre- spond with that. Tab. CLXXXIV. Fig. 1, Portion of a female plant; / 2, Leaf; /. 3, Female flower; / 4, Fruit ; f. i. The same laid open, showing the seed : — magnified. {Zottera is a native of the United States, but I am not aware that it has been gathered in the British possessions, though there is every reason to suspect its existence there i and probably that of the Cauliniat too, especially in Upper Canada.) 2. ZANNICHELLIA. £. 1. Z.palustris. L.—Ph. Am. I. p. 4,. E. Bot. t. 1844. Hab. N. W. America. Columbia River. Dr Scouler. 3. RUPPIA. L. 1. R. maritima. L.—Ph. Am. I. p. 121. E. Bot. t. 136. Hab. N. W. America. In still bays of the Columbia. DougUu. Dr Scouler. Polamogelon.^ NAIADES. 171 4, HETER0STYLU8. Ab». Gen. Dioictu? Masc. — ? — Fcem. Spadix e spatha (foliorum basi) erumpens, exserta. floribus nudis undique insertis sessilibus ; mperioribua arctis, subimbricatis stylo brevi ; it\ferioribu8 sensim magis remotis stylo longiori; inftmo radicali stylo filifortni longis- simo! Stigma simplex capitatum. Germen lanceolatum compressum bialatum, dorso carinatum. Fructus: ^cAenium oblongum compressum, utrinque subalatum ; infimum superne bidentatum. — Herba annua? aquatica, maritima? vel aalsuginoaa, oraocciden* talis America borealia. Radix fibrosa Jibris simplicibus. Folia radicalia graminea num- branacea, tenera, striata, linearia, 6-S-uncias longa, basi vaginantia, spathacea. 1. H. gramineus. (Tab. CLXXXV.) Hab, Wet plains of the Columbia. Dr 5cou/er.— This is an extremely curious plant, and certainly the type of a new genus, to which I have assigned the present name, from the remarkable circumstance of the female flowers or pistils (for they are perfectly destitute of any kind of floral covering), of the extremity of the spadix, having a short style, those about the middle a longer one, and those at the base, especially among the roots, where the spatha and the spadix have their origin, with a style two inches and more long, slender and filiform ! It is to be regretted that very few specimens were preserved, and those having, as far as can be seen, only female flowers. Tab. CLXXXV. Fig. 1, Spadix and spatha ; /. 2, 3. 4, Fennle flower* ; / 5, Fruit ; / 0, The same laid open ; /. 7, Seed : — magnified. 6. PHYLLOSPADIX. Nov. Gen. Dioicus ? Masc? — F. Dundas Island in the Columbia River, N. W. America. J)r Scouler.— This is a second new genus of Naiades which has rewarded Dr Scouler's researches in the north-west shores of America. Its nearest aiflnity is doubtless with Zoitera, from which the separated male flowers, the single style and stigma, and the curious leafy border to the spadix, will at once distinguish it. Tab. CLXXXVI. FiV/. I, Spatha, including the spadix ; / 2, Side view of the spadix removed from the spatha ; /. 3, The same, front view, the margins spread open ; /. 4, Spatha, from which the spadix has been removed ; /. 5, Single pistil : — more or less magnified. 6. POTAMOGETON. L. 1. P. nutans. L. — Ph. Am. \.p. 120. E. Bat. t. 1833. — /3. foliis minoribus angustis acutis. Hab. Stagnant waters. Canada, to Hudson's Bay. — 0. N. W. America. Mr Menzies. 172 SMILACEiE. iSmilas. 2. P. rvfescem. Schrad.—V. fluitnns. ltvth.—Sm.E. Bot. t. 1286. Ph. Am. \.p. 120. Had. The tame country wi(h the preceding ; and intermediate, at it appears, between it and the following. 3. P. heUrophyllus. Schreb Ph. Am. \. p. 120. E. Bot. t. 1285.— /3. foliis natantibus nullis. Hab. With the preceding.—/}. Cumberland Houic Fort. Drummond. 4. P. diversifolius. Bart.—Torrey Fl. Un.St.p. 197.— P. setaceus. Ph. (not Willd.) Hab, Norway House Fort to Canada. Dr Richardson. Drummond. — A beautiful little species, P. diveraifolitts in miniature, but readily known by its small size and few-flowered spikes, 5. P. per/oliatus. L.—Ph. Am. \.p. 120. E. Bot. t. 168. Hab. Canada, to the Slave River. Dr Richardson, 6. P. pralongus (Wulff.) ; foliis oblongis obtusis plurinerviis nervis 3 validioribus omnibus reticulatim connexis, pedunculis longissimis, spicis cylindraceis multifloris, Hook. Br. Fl. ed. 4. p. 70.— P. lucens. Torr. Fl. p. 197. Hab. English River. Dr Richardson.— I think it probable that Dr Torrcy's P. lucent may bo this species, for he particularly mentions the great length of the peduncle ; and because I have P. pralongus also from Texas and Boston, showing that it is a widely distributed plant in N. America. The real P. lucens I do not possess from that country. 7. P. zosterafolius (Schum.) ; caule ancipiti stipulis liberis, foliis alternis lato-lineari- bus acutis plurinerviis venis iribus validioribus omnibus reticulatim connexis, spicis cylin- dricis pedunculisque elongatis. Hook. Br. Fl. ed. 4. p. 69. et in E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2685. — /3. minor, floribus laxioribus. Hab. Cumberland House Fort, on the Saskntcliawan, to Hudson's Bay. Dr Richardson. Drummond. —fi. Portage la Loch. Dr Richardson ; and York Factory, Hudson's Bay. Drummond. — A very distinct and very handsome species. May not this be the P. compressus of Torrey ? 8. P.pusillus. L.—E. Bot. t. 215 P. pauciflorus. Ph. Hab. Canada. Cleghorn. Cumberland House, and York Factory, Hudson's Bay. Dr Richardson. Drummond. 9. P. pectinatus. L. — Ph. Am, 2, p. 121. E. Bot. t. 323. — P. marinus. L. — a. pedun- culo foliis longiori, foliis gracilioribus. — jS. padunculo foliis breviori, foliis latioribus. Hab. Canada (Ph.), to English River ; Dr Richardson ; and from Hudson's Bay to alpine lakes in the Rocky Mountains, Drummond, N. VV. Coast, Columbia. Dr Scouler. Ono. VII. SMILACE;E. Br. 1. SMILAX. L. 1. S. rotundifolia (L,) ; caule tereti striato flexuoso aculeato fruticoso scandente, foliis brevi-petiolaiis subrotundo-ovatis acutis subtus concoloribus, umbellis paucifloris brevis* \ Strepiopm,'] SMILACEiG. 178 sinie peliolntis. Ph. Am. l./>. 250. — S. cnduca? nnd S. qundrnngulnris ? Willd. — WaU. Demlrol. t. 109. Hab. Canada. Pursh. Drummond. — Tliis wai only gathered with ripo fruit by Mr Drummond, What I have received from the United States' botanists as . S. atellala (Desf.); cniilo niterne plurifolinto, foliis ovnli-lnnceolatifi nciilis bnsi xub- rotundatiN, riicpmo simplici lerminali. Ph. Am, I. p.i32, — Coiivnilaria. L. — Torrty, I. p. 354. Hot. Mag. t. 1043. Hai. From L:iku Huron to tlio S>itk»tcluwnn, ami from Iliiilioir* Way (Dr Wrii/hl) to the Rocky MountaiiK. Dr nirhunhon. Drummond, N, W, Coaul und iiilerior. Jhniii/nii. 'J'olmie. Dr Scouler,— Tliu berries nro vatveincd poisoiioui i the root ii cinpluyod lu uii cniulic. {Jiic/uirilton.) 5. S. raceinosa (l)v.sf.); caule nllerno plurifolinto, foiiis scssiiibus oblongo-ovalibui acuiniiintis, racvino tcrniinali composito. Ph. Am. 1./?. i234. — Convullai'ia. L, — Torrey. \.p. 351. Dot. Md'j.t.WiQ. Hab. Tliroiiglioiit Canada to the Saskatchnwon and the Uncky Mnnntainii. Dr Rtchnrdaon. Drum- mond. N. \V, America. Dr Scolder. — More ur lest piilii'scent. Tim iur|;c>t uf the N. Auiuricau iiieciei (the leaves a span and more long), with the iui^ilieiit und moit copious lluwori, 5. S. hifuUa ( Roem.) ; cnulc niteriic bi-triTuliato, Toiiis ovnto-cordntis sessijlbiis vel pctio- latis, raceme siinpiici tcriniiiali, tloribii<; tctraiuhis tutrasepaliH, — Convailuria. />. — Mich, — Dot. Mag. t. 510. Torrey. 1. p. 253. — Muiuiulieinuin Cunadense. Desf. — Convall. Canad. Ph. Am. \.p. 833. Hab, Throughout Canada to Bear Lake ; and from Hudson's Buy and Newfoundland to the Rocky Mountains. N. W. America, frequent. Duuijlus. Dr Scoultr, Tulmie. — A very common and a variable plant. More or lc*s pccimons of Polyijonatum tliat I have reci'ived, under very different names, from tho United States botanists, it appears to me, are referable to the European P, multiflorum ; but the leaves are generally downy beneath, and the flowers arc certainly shorter and greener, not so slender in proportion to their length, nor so much contracted near tiic middlo (more cylindrical), as in the European specimen. In the dried specimen;!, the rounded suc- culent stem, from Khrinkiiig, becomes mure or less angular or channelled, whence seems to have arisen tho P. cnnaliculiiliim of Muhlenberg. The P. angustifolium (C hifiura, Walt, und Torrey) is only a narrow leaved var. — The single specimen found at the Saskatchuwan is in fruit, and is cpiitc glabrous on both sides of the foliage. * This is S. bifalia, vnr, Kamltchatiea of Bongnrd in Herb, nostr., and appears to be pretty constant to its cha- racter in the very northern regions, both on the Asiatic and American side. I have the same from Kumtscbatka, from Pallas' llerburium. Zigadtnut,'] MKLANTIIACE/E. IIT Ono. VIII. MKLANTHACEiTi:. Dr. Lindl. I. LKIMANTHIUM. Willd. 1. L. hyhridum (Koem.); panicula raccniosa elongata, sepalis orbiculnribus undulutU longe unguiculatiti, glaiululis connatis. Gray. Melanth. Am. Sept. Rev, p. 110 Mulan- thiuni liyhiiilum. Wtrft — Ph. Am. 1. p. 242. Torrey. 1. p. 307. NuUaU,—M. racumoium. Mich. >Ub. Upper CnnaJtt. Mr Guldie (in Herb, nojfr.)— Nuttall dcteriboi the leavei u olllptlcoWong ; T'lrrcy, ui tlicy arc in our spocinicni, long uiid linear, 2. L. Nuttallii ; raccmo compoctu denium clongato, bractcii subulato-lancenlntis bail membranaceis peilicellos floriferos superaiitibus, iiepaliii ovatis undulatis uiiguiculatii, foliia liiienribus coiuluplicutiii marginibus scuberriinis, bulbo tunicato. — Amiantbiuni Nuttallii. Gray. I. c. p. 123.— Ilelunias ungustilblia. Null, {non Mx.) and H. paniculata. Nutt. (fide Gray.) Hab. N. W, Coait. Mentiei. Common both to the north ami luuth of tlio Columbia, on dry gravelly soils, Vnuijlai. Dr Scoiiler. Tolmie. Dr Oairditer. — " I'mson or Death Camait " of the Ciienuoksi from the violunl vH'ccIs of the roots, which create vomiting, Dulb about the size of a chestnut. Stem l-'i feet high, ipnrinply leafy. Pedicels much elongated, erect after flowering. Capsules (of three slightly com- bined follicles) half an inch and more long, oblong-triangular, surrounded at the base with the withered |)eriautb, and terminated by the three nearly erect persistent styles, opening at the top between the styles. Seeds, about two perfect ones in each cell, oblong somewhat 3-angular, the angles almost forming wings. The sepals are distinctly clawed, and at the top of the claw is a depression, where the sides, lapping over a little, give the ap|)earance of two small scales : but the noclury is rather a depression than an appendage. The habit of the plant is extremely like that of Heloniai anyuilifolia, but the sepals arc of a very ditt'eront structure. 2. Zir.ADENUS. Mich. 1. Z. chloranthus (Rich. App. p. 12); scapo pauct-folioso, racemo subsimplici, sepalis obovatis obtusis, glandula obcordata proFunde eniarginata. — Z. comniutatus. Schult, Syst. Veget. 7. p. 1500. Ilook. et Arn. in Dot. qf Deech. p. 101. — Z. glaberrimus. Ker, Dot. May. t. 1080. (mt Mich.)—X. glaiicus? NtUt. PL qf Rocky M. p. 50. Gray. I. c. p. 1 13.— Melanthium glaucum? Nutt. Gen. 1. p. 232. — /3. major ; foliis longioribus, scnpo paiii- culato. — Z. speciosus. Dougl. mst. — Z. glaberrimus. Hook, et Arn. in Dot, of Beech, p. 100. (not Mich.) Has. Upper Canada. Nuttallf Guldie ; to Great Bear Lake, and to the Rocky Mountains. Dr Jiich- ardion. Drummond.—fi, Rocky Mountains (with a.), and to tho vallies on the west side. Drummund. Douglas. Murray Hay, Canada. Mrs Shrppard. — (To this var. I would refer ilio Citlifornian Z. glaberri- mus of the Dot. of Beechcy's Voy.) — I am quite satisfied that the Z. glaberrimus of Hut. Mag. is this plant, and that it is a very distinct species from the real glaberrimus of Mx., of which I liavc Georgian specimens from Dr Torrey, in which the sepals are ovato-lunceolatc, luid the two glands are apart from each other and very conspicuous : here they are combined into one obcordata gland. The species is, however, liable to considerable variation in the size, in the more or less leafy stem, in the In ^tli of the leaves, and in the more iir less paniculated raceme. I do not know whether to infer from the fulluwhig remark of Nuttuil that he vol.. II.- z 178 MELANTHACEiE. [ Vtratrum. considers the Z. chloranthua to be identical witli liis Z. glaucus or not. " Why," he says, "this specie; {Z. ijlaucu$) siiould iiavc been changed to the name of chloranthua, by Richardson, I am at a loss to conceive, since the flower is more white than any other colour." He docs not, liowever, adduce it as a synonym : and further remarks — "tlic northern plant is probably sometliing different." 2. Z. elegans (Ph.) ; scnpo stibnudo, bracteis linearibus, petalis acutis. Ph. Am. 1. p. 241. Hab. Waters of Cokablaishkit River, near the Rocky Mountains. M. Lewis (in Ph.). In iho vallias of the Rocky Mountains, near the sources of the Columbia, and on the banks of the Saskatchawan and Red Rivers. (?) Douglas, mst.—l have no specimen in Mr Douglas' collection, but there can scarcely be a question that Ills plant is Z. cMoranthus, whatever Pursh's may be. 3. Z. glaucus (Nutt. in PI. of Rocky M. p. 56) ; '* bulbo tnnicato, foliis glaucis gramineis marginatis, racemo plerumque siinplici paucifloro, floribus liermaphroditis, petalis rotun- datis unguiculatis bimaculatis, scminibus subulato-alatis." — Melanthium glaucutn. Nutt. Gen. Am. \.p. 232. ' Hab. Banks of tho St Lawrence, around the Cataract of Niagara, and on the borders of Lakes Erie and Huron. Nutlall. — This seems to bo only known to Mr Nuttall, if it bo really distinct from Z. chloranthus. 3. XEROPHYLLUM. JIA.cA. 1. X.tenax{V\\.); fuliis longissimis tenacissimis lineari-acumina'issimis marginibus scabris subtus glnucis, racemis longissimis densifloris, pedicellis erectis, filamentis iili- formibus periantliium superantibus, bracteis membrannceis. Ph. Am. 1. p. 243. t. 9. Gray. I. c. p. 129. — X. setifolium. Litidl. Bat. Reg. t. 1G13. {vix Mx.) Hat.. High lands of tho Rocky Mountains {M. Lewis), and summits of the hills around Mount Hood, Mount St Helens, and the Cascade Mountains. Douglas. Near the summit of Mount Rainier. Tolmie. — Stem 2-4 feet liigh. Leaves 2-3 feet long, drooping, chiefly from the root : having, as Mr Douglas remarks, the habit of Bonapartea juncea. It is one of the greatest ornaments of the western mountains, and the natives make baskets, hats, pouches, bags, bottles, mats for sleeping on, &c., of its strong foliage. Racemes a foot and more long. Capsules triangulari-orbicular, 3-celled, 3>6-seeded, seeds oblong, triangular, and some- what winged at the angles. 4. HELONIAS. Linn. 1. H. dioica. Ph. Am. 1. p. 243. Gray. I. c. p. 132.— H. lutea. Ait — Dot. May. t. 1062. — H. pumiia. Jacq. — Veratrum luteum. L. Hab. Canada. Gray. 5. VERATRUM. L. 1. V. viride. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 422. Ph. Am. 1. p. 242. Gray. I. c. p. 1 18.— V. album. Mich. Am. 2. p. 249. {an Linn. ?)— Hclonias viridis. Bot. Mag. t. 1096. — V. parvifloriim. Dong. Veg. de Silcha, p. 48. vix Mx. — V. Lobelianum. |8. Esch- scholzianum. Schidl. Syst. Veg. v. 7. p. 1535. — V. Eschsciiolzii. Gray. I. c. p. 119. Hab. Canada, to the Saskatchawan and the Rocky Mountains. Drummond; and from the Columbia on the west side to Stikine. Douglas. Dr Scouler. Tolmie. Dr Gairdner. — The north-western plant is the same as the eastern one ; and probably the V. Lobelianum, /3, Schultz C V. parvijlorum, Dong.), from Nor- Medeola."] MELANTHACE^. ITO folk Sound, and from Sitclia, is merely a small flowered variety. The original V. parviftorum is a Carolina plant. Again, the V. anr/iislifolium of Pursh (foliis longissimis linearibus carinatis), of which the original specimens are from the high mountains of Virginia and Carolina, that author has, in his Suppl., considered to be also a native of Canada, because he found a specimen in Sherard's herbarium, marked " Phalangium Canadense," &c. j but this, I fear, is not alone sufficient authority for introducing it into a Flora of British America. I have a Mexican Veralrum ( V. officinale, Klotzsch, mst.) which, in the foliage, well agrees with Pursh's V. angustifolia. Perhaps the V. viride is not really distinct from the European V, album. Gawler gays the sepals are broader ; but they vary in the American plant considerably. 0. TOFIELDIA. Huda. 1. T. palustria {Yiuik,) ; racemo ovato denso, floribiis fructibusque erectis, peclicellis ad basin tribracteolatis, scapo nudo vel raro inferne subunifoliato. E. Dot. t. 536. Gray. I. c. p. 134 T. borealis. Wahl.—T. pusilla? Ph. Am. 1. p. 246. Hab. Labrador (^Dr Morrison'), and Hudson's Bay to Bear Lake Rivers ; in the north, and to the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond, Lake Mistassins? Ph. — Flowers pale yellowish-white. 2. T, coccinea (Rich. App. p. 11); racemo spicato ovnto-globoso, floribus subsessili- bus, fructibiis arete reflexis involucratis, involiicro tripiiyllo, scapo bi-trifoliato folio unico supra tredium. Hook, et Arn. in Dot. of Beech, p. 130. t. 30 (29 in text, by mistake). Gray, I. c. p. 135. — T. borealis. Cham, in Linnaa. 6. p. 584 (non fVahl.). — /3. major} pedicellis longioribus involucri foliolis alternis. Hab. a. Barren grounds from lat. 64° to the shores of the Arctic Sea ; about Jasper's Lake on the Rocky Mountains, and on tlie west coast, north of lat. o8°, to Unalasclika. Mr Menzies. Nelson. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Chamisso. — (3. Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. — This plant is readily known from the preceding by its more llaccid leaves and leafy scape ; by the sessile flowers, deeply tinged with red, and the larger bracteas, which form a complete involucre beneath the flower ; and, above all, by the singularly de- ilcxcd dark-purple fruit. I possess it from Siberia, from Pallas' herbarium, where it is mixed with T. palm- iris, though most assuredly a totally distinct species. The var. with more elongated pedicels, of which only two specimens were gathered by Dr Richardson on the Mackenzie River, must not be confounded with T. cernun, Sm., a plant of Gmelin, which has the flowers drooping but the fruit erect ; but it is the same with " £. cernua t Sm." of Turczaninow, in Herb, nostr., gathered " in alpe Kawokta," in Siberia. 3. T. glutinosa (Ph.); racemo coarctato, pedicellis 1-3-nis basi tribracteatis superne calyculo sen involucro monophyllo obscure trifido sub flore, scapo parce foHoso npice pedicellisque glanduloso-scabris. (Tab. CXCI.) — Ph. Am. 1. p. 246. Sm, I, c. p, 246. Gray. I. c. p. 138. — Narthecium glutinosum. Mx. Am, 1. p. 210. t. 8. /. 2. Hab. Throughout Canada, to Hudson's Bay and Bear Lake, Dr Richardson, and to the Rocky Moun- tains. Drummond. N. W. Const. Menzies. Stikinc and Sitcha. Bongard, Tolmie. — I doubt if the T, pubens of the United States be really dili'ercnt from this, except in the less viscid or not viscid glands. Tap. CXCL Fig.}, Flowers: — magnified i /. 2, Raceme of capsules : — nat.sizei /. 3, Young cap- sule ; f. 4, Single ripe capsule : — magnified. 7. MEDEOLA. £. I. M. Virginica. L Ph, Am. I. p. 244. Bot. Mag, t. 1316. — Gyromia. Nutt, Torr. Hab. Canada. New Brunswick. Mr Kendal. 180 MELANTHACEiE. ITriltium. 8. TRILLIUM. Z. It T. petiolatum (Ph. Am. 1. p. 344); foliis cordatis obtusis longe petiolatis, flore sessili, petiolis sepalisque lanceolatis erecto-patentibiis, caule perbrevi vaginato. (Tab. CXCII.) Hab. N. W. America. Waten of the Kooa-koosky. M. Lewis. Common on the springy banks of the Spokan River, near its confluence with the Columbia. Douglas. — This is the most distinct of all the species, remarkable for its cordate, not rhomboidal leaves, and the great length of the petioles. In the structure of the flowers it comes nearest to T. sessile ; but the sepals are nearly as long as the petals, and more erect. Petals dark purple. Tab. CXCIL Fig. 1, Petal; / 2, Stamens and pistil :—»ia(7nt^evs they are bitter and nauseous. Tai CXCIII. A. Fig. I, Sepal and stamen of Fbitillabia Kamtschatcensis ; /. 3, A lamella fruni the sepal : — magnified s f. 3, capsule -.—nat. size. 2, F. lanceolata (Ph. Am, \.p. 230. excl. syn.) ; radice bulbo parvo bulbillifero, foliis verticillatis subquaternis anguste lanceolatis crassiusculis supremis oppositis solitariisve. floribus terminalibus 1-2 cernuis luteo purpureoque tessellatis, sepalis obovato-oblongis laxe nervosis elamellatis, capsulis profunde 5-alatis. (Tab. CXCIII.) — Lilium afiine. Schult. Syst. Veget. 7. p. 400. 182 LILIACEiE. [Erj/lhronium. Hab. Head waters of the Missouri ami Columbia. M. Lewis (in Ph.). Nutka Sound. Mcnzies. Fort Vancouver on the Columbia. Douglas. Tolmie. — Habit of the prccedinfj, but smaller and of a more rigid texture throt^'hout. Leaves much narrower. Flowers tessellated. Sepals with much laxer nervation, the nerves nuite destitute of lamellu; and glands. Capsule and roots also exceedingly ditfercnt. Tab. CXCIII. B. Fbitillaria ianceolata. />ecies, from the Silla esculenta, Frascr, with which Pursh (in Dot. Mug. t. 1 674) and Mr Nuttall con- founded it, and led others to do so too. Both are eaten in their respective countries by the Indiaus, the pre- sent one by the Chenooks, who toast the roots on heated stones, and, when dried or compressed into cukes, they form a great article of consumption during the w inter months. 4. TRITELEIA. Hooh. Perianlhium tubulosum, subinfundibuiirorme, marcescens. Stam. 6, duplici serie inscrta: superioribus petalis oppositis. Squamee hgjtogynce nuUoe. Ovarium stepius stipitatum, raro sessile, polyspermum ; stigmate trilubo. — Herbse (Austro- et boreali- Americana) cormis induviatia. Flores umbellati. Lindl. I. T. grandiflora (Lindl. Bot. Reg. sub fol. 1293) ; foliis linearibtis glaiicis scapo erecto bipedali brevioribus, involucro pedicellis oequali, pedicellis strictis perianthio infuiidibu- lari vix aequalibus, ovario breviter slipitato, filamentis 3 decurrentibus basi callosis, um- l)ella pauciflora. (Tab. CXCVIII. B.) Hab. Plains of the Columbia and Wallamet Rivers. Douglas, Tolmie. — I do not see how the T. lata of Mr Bentham, in Hort. Trans, v. I. A^. S. t. 15. /. 2, and Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1085, (both of which figures accurately represent ours, the original species of the genus,) can be distinguished from the present. It is a beautiful plant, with the habit of the following genus. 5. BRODI^A. Sm. Perianlhium tubuloso-campanulutuin, sexfidum, persistans. Stam. 3, ad faucem et laciniis ',i int. opposita, cum squamis 3 (stam. abortivis) alternantin. Ovarium 3-gonuni, basi iittenuatum. >SV^/us filiform is. iS^iV/ma trifidum. Ca/'fu/a obuvata, stipitata, 3-locularis, loculicido-trivalvis. Semina cuique loculo 4-5, peltata. — Flores umbellati. 1. B. grandiflora ; pedicellis umbellatis bracteas longe superantibus, squamis peri- anthii oblongis obtusissimis integris. Sm. Linn. Trans, v. \0.p.2. Bot. Reg. t. 1183. Bot. Mag. t. 2877. (won Ph., nee Nutt.) — Brodiaca coronaria. Salisb. Par. Lond. t. 98. Hab. N. W. America, New Georgia. Menzies. Pugct Sound, and dry plains of the Wallamet and of tlie Columbia, west of the Rocky Mountains, to the Pucitic Ocean. Douglas. Dr Scouler. Tolmie. Dr Gairdner. 2. B. congesta (Sm. Linn. Trans, v. \0. p. 2. t. 1); floribus subcapitatis, bracteis pedicellos supernntibus, squamis periantliii lanceolatis acutis bifidis. Hab. N. W. America; the same stations as the preceding, Menzits, Douglas. Tolmie. — The smaller Lutula.] JUNCEiE. 187 flowers, ahortcr limb, larger bracteu, and biAd scales at tho mouth of the flower, readily diatinguiih this tpecies from B. grandiflora, tho only ones found in N. W. America. Obd. XI. PONTEDERIACEiE. Kunth. 1. PONTEDERIA. L. I. P. cordata. L.—Bot. Mag. t. 1 156. Ph. Am. 1. p. 223. Hab. Canada. Ph. From Lake Huron [Dr Todd), to the Saakatchawan. Dr Bichardton. Drum- mond. ■'''': • ■ . ' 2. LEPTANTHUS. Mx. Spatha unifloi'a. Perianthiur,, coloratum inferum, tubo longissimo gracili, limbo 6-partito oequali. Stylus apice incrassatus. Capsula unilocularis, trivalvis, polyspermu. Setnina receptaculis tribus filifurmibus valvarum medio uffixis inserta — Herba aquatica, foliia altemis gramineis stipulatia, floribua solitariis axiUaribus. 1. L. gramineus. Mx. Am. 1, p. 25. t, 5. /. 2. Hook. Ex. Fl. v.X.p. 9I.<. 94. — Heter- antbern. l^ahl. — Ph. Am. 1. p. 32. — SchoUera graminifolia. Willd, — Commelina dubia. Jacq. Obs. Bot. v. 3. p. 9. t. 39. Hab. Canada, growing with Valianeria and Najat, sent thence by Mr Kippin to the Glasgow Botanic Garden. Ord. XII. RESTIACE;E. Br. 1. ERIOCAULON. L. 1. E. septangulare. With, [anno 1801). E. Bot. t. 733. Hook. Fl. Land. N. S. t. 52.— E. pellucidum. Mich. Am. 2. p. 166 {anno 1803). Hab. Canada. Michaux. Mrs Sheppard; and to tho Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Newfoundland. Dr Morrison. — It is quite certain that this northern Eriocaulon of the New World, is tho same as that found in tho lakes of Scotland and Ireland in the Old World ; the oldest name, therefore, must have the preference. Obd. XIII. JUNCEiTi:. Juss. 1. LUZULA. DC. 1. L. melanocarpa (Desv. Journ. t. 5. f. 2) ; caule elongato, foliis latis glabris, corymbo decomposito, pedunculis elongatis ramis 3-5 floiis pedicellis unifloris, sepalis ovatis acii- tissimis capsula ovali-trigona obtuse mucronata longioribus. Torr. Am. I. p. 366. — I8S JUNCEiG. ILutula. Juncus melanocarpus. Mx, Am. I. p. 100. Ph. Am. 1. p. 8S8. Bich, App. p. II. — L. parviflorn. Desv. (Juncus, Retz.) Bong. Veget. Sitch. p. 49. — a, floribui fuscis, capsuli* intense badiis. — j3. floribus capsulisque pallidis. Hab. Canada (3Ix.), and throughout the woody country to the prairie* of the Rocky Mountain!. Dr Richardson. Labrador. Dr Morriton. N. W. America, from the Columbia to Kotzebue't Sound. Bttchey. Bongard. Dougla*. Dr Scouler.— The pale flowered and pale fruited var, is found abundantly at the Columbia River, but is not confined to the weit coait. I have received the same state from the While Hills of New Hampshire. Indeed very many of the Luzula and Junei vary in the same manner. 2. L. pilota. fyUld.—Torr. Am. I. p. 365 Juncus. L. — Muhl. Gram. p. 200. E. Bot. I, 736. — Luzula vernalis. l)e Cand. — /3. floribus pallidis. Hab. Canada {Mrs Sheppard), to the Saskatchawan, Dr Richardson. Douglas. S. L. campestris. Desv. — Torr. Am. ]. p. 965. — Juncus. L. — E. Bot. t. Q'12. Mich. Am. \. p. 100. Ph. Am. \. p. 238. — a. vulgaris; floium glomerulis rotundatis densis cymoso-paniculatis intense fiiscis. — /S. paUescens: florum glornerulis rotundatii densis cymoso-paniculntis pallidis. L. pallescens. Wahl. — y. congesta ; floribus dense capitatis Aiscis, capitulo solitario. — L. congesta. Ly. — E. Bot. Stippl. t, 27] 8. Has. Woody and barren country. Dr Richardson. — a. Newfoundland. Mr Cormack. Now Urunswick. Mr Kendal. Kotzebue's Sound, Bchring's Straits. Beechey. — 0. Lake Winlpcg, to tho Saskatchawan, and prairies and Lake of the Wood«, Rocky Mountains. Drummond. — y. Bear Lake. Dr Richardson. ■\: L. comosa (Meyer, i» Beliq. Hcmh. Fasc. 2. p. 145) ; foliis planis pilosis, floribus spicatis disticliis, spicis eiongatis pedunculatis corymboso-paniculatis rarius subsessilibus, perinnlhii laciniis lanceoiatis acuminato-subulatis interioribus brevioribus capsulum triquetro-ellipticam acutiusculam vix tequantibus. — L. campestris? Bong. Veget, Sitcha, p. 49. Hab. N. W. America. Nutka Sound and Port Mulgrave. Httnhe. From the Kocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean. Douglas. Dr Scouler. Bongard* — This seems to take the place of L. campestris on the west side of the Rocky Mountains. Tho elongated spikes of flowers, sometimes compact, sometimes remote, give the appearance of a Carex to this Luzula. I have from the White Mountains, Now Hampshire, a var. of the pale-flowered L. campestris, very nearly approaching this, which nevertheless seems to be a good species. 5. L. spicata. Desv. — Torr. Am. \.p. 366 Juncus. L. — E. Bot. t. 1176. Hab. Kotzebue's Sound, Dehring's Straits. Beechey. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Labrador, Dr Morrison, ^i. L. hyperborea (Br. Melv. hi. PI. p. clxxxiii) ; spicis multiflorissubumbellatis pedun- culatis sessilibusque (nunc omnibus sessilibus), bracten iimbella foliacea; partialibus omnibus fimbriatis, capsulisobtusis perianthium acutum subtequantibus, caruncula basilari seminis obsoleta, foliis planis. Br. — a. major; foliis angustioribus, bracteis partialibus insigniter albo-fimbriatis (an forma L. campestr. ?). Hook, in Parries 2d Voy. App, p. 405. — L. hyperborea. Br. I. c, — L. campestris. Br. Spitzb. App. p. 75. — Juncus arcuatus. Juncui,'] JUNCEiG. 189 Hook, in Scoreab, Greenl. Ap]\ p. 410. — Juncus campestris. Solandr, in Phipp^ Voy. — 3. minor ; foliis latioribus, bracteis partialibus vix fimbriatis. Hook. I. c. Hab. a. and /]. Arctic Sea-ahore. Dr Richardiom and Arctic Ulandi. Sir E, Parry, iiC—H. Most «lovatod of the Rocliy Mountain!. Drummond. — The fint variety, at I have itated in the Appendix to Sir Edward Parry'i second voyage, ii perhaps too near L. campettrin and the lecoDd var. almost seems to unite the first with the following ; yet I think they are distinct. .■> • 7. L. arcuata (Hook. Fl. Lend. N, S. t. 153); foliis canaliculatis pilosis (pilis saepe obsoletis), panicula subumbellata, (loribus glomeratis, glomerulis S-5-floris, pedunculis nutantibus, bracteis inembranaceis fimbriatis, capsula ovato-globosa sepalis lato-lanceo- latis breviori. Hook, in E. Dot, Suppl. t. 26. Cham, et Schlecht. Linnaa, 3. p. 375. Hook, et Am. in Dot. qf Beech, p. 131. — /3. major i spithainsea et ultra. Hab. N. W. America. Kotzebue's Sound. Chamimo. Beechey. Summit of Mount Rainier, (var. 0.) Tolmie. Summits of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. — The Mount Rainier specimens are much larger than our European L. arcuata, and than that from the Rocky Mountains, and the leaves are broader, and the flowers deeper brown ; they seem to connect the species with £. ipadice.a, 2. JUNCUS. De Cand. 1. ./. arcticus (Willd.); repens aphyllus, scapo tereti leevi opaco rigidiusculo apice pungeiite, flonim fasciculo lalerali sessili, perianthii laciniis ovato-lanceolatis acutis capsula elliptica trigona niucronata brevioribus. Svenak. Dot, t. 479./. 5. — J. compressus. &. Hcenkei. Meyer in Herb. Hook, et in Reliq. Hcenk. Fasc, 2. p. 141. — J. Hoenkei. Meyer Syn. June. p. 10 ^. graciliai iloribus subterminalibus paucis 1-3. J. platycaulos. (H. B. K.) /3. apli^'ilus. E. Meyer in Herb, noatr. Hab. Arctic Sca-coust. Dr Richardson, Point Mulgrave, in Bohring's Straits. Hcetihe. — A. At a great elevation on the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. — My specimens have been named J', comprcMt(«(H. B. K.), 0. Hocnhei of Meyer, by the learned Meyer himself; but they correspond so exactly with the true J. arcticus, from Lapland, and Iceland, and Greenland, that I cannot entertain a doubt of this being the same. As it is a very arctic or very alpine species, I have omitted one of the two stations given by Hocnke, his " Nulka-Simd vel Porta Muhjrave," — /3. has very few flowers to each slender culm, and those generally near the apex, which thus seems to form a bractea. 2. .7. Balticua (Willd.); repens aphyltus, scapo tereti lacvi opaco rigido apice pun- gente, floribus paniculntis, panicula brevi laterali> periantbii laciniis subsequalibus ovato- lanceolatis acutis longitudine capsular ellipticae mucronatoe. Hook, in E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2681 J. arcticus. Hook. Fl. Lond. N. S. t. 151. (nm rFiVW.)— J. compressus. (H.B.K.) Cham, in Linnaa, ii. p. 369. et in Herb, noatr. {non Jacq.) — J. complanatus. Sckiilt. — 0. laxai panicula bi-triunciali valde ramosa laxa. — J. glaucus. Itich. App. p. W. Had, Unalaaclika. Chamisso, N. W. America. Memies. Saskatchawan River, near the mountains. Douylas. Slave Lake. Dr Richardson, — Ii. Throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan. Labrador. Dr Morrison. — A taller and more harsh and rigid plant than the preceding, with the fascicles of flowers on branched peduncles, so as to constitute a panicle. — This, which is also Chamisso's J. compressus, H. B. K. (Herb, nostr.), is unquestionably the same plant as the J. Balticua of England and Swcden.^The A. is a very remarkable variety, with a much larger and looser panicle, and remote flowers. It does not seem to 109 JUNCE^. [Junvut. bear fruit, and ii pcrliapi a morbid itate of Iho plant. Iti qiiito •inootli •toini, and deep-coloured fluwera, readily distinguiili it fruui ull furms of J. i^ifhmiH iiiid ijluucui. — The very aportivo clmruclcr of tlii* and (lit preceding: apvcien, a> iliowii in the present collection, ulmoit induce mo to return to my former opinion, tliat they are not really distinct. 8. J.effiuui. L—E.Bott, 8.S0. Ph. Am. \.p. 23H.~I3. ffracilim paniculii niinore. IIab. runiidii. ^frs Slieppard. Mri Percivnl. NonfoundUnd. — /3, N. W. (.'oatt. Columliia. Uuuijlui, J)r Scoiiler. — /3, \» a very ilonder plunl, and witli a fow-tlowored |ianiclu ; liul the lloweri and fruit are the •ame as in a. 4. J. Jiliformis (L.); repcns npliylliis, scopo grncili filiforini tenuiter striatu fluccido, panicuin suhsiniplici laterali versus metliiitn sciipi, sepniis uiiicoloiibus pnllittis sutctiuali- l)us Innccolntis ci)]>sii)a obovatii inucrunuta niticia pallida pariiiii luiigioribus. li. Hot. t. 1173. Ph. Am. I. p. 236? not Mx.—i. Pyhui? lie la Ilarpe in Mem. Soc. II. N. 3. p. 119. Had. Satkatchawan to Boar L»ke and Enj,'li»li River. Dr Rkhnrdaon. Dnimmoiiil. — The J. JilifurmiB of Pursh is probably tbo J. sctnceim, Hosiliow, a dilfcrcnt species, Hcrordinjf to tpeciinens from Dr Torrey, gathered in Middle Florida i being u larger and hursher pbtnl, with very rigid glossy sepuU, spreading nearly horizontally aruniic! the ulin<»t deprvsso-globosc mucruiiateil capsule. I Imve excellent specimens, however, of the true J, Jitifurims, from the United Slates, gntliercd l)y Mr (ireenc on the White Hills, Now Hamp- shire, It seems, therefore, in America, to bo an alpino or very northern species. 5. J. acutijiorus (Elirli.); caiile erecto rolii(loris, sepaiis iiia/iard I am lutf> liy tliu iIciim' and glolioio rii|ii(ulu, uml tlie narrow, •hurp, rJKid iciiult. Tliu naino echmalui would huvo buvii very u|i- |iro|iriitto to tliii ipci'ivi. 7. •/. en»^olius (Wikstr. Act, Holm. 1825, p, I); caulu cninpiusso erectu fulioso, foliis lincari-nciiminntig (.'iisif'orniibuH (liktorulitt'i* plaiii^) iirtictilutis itulitlaccidis cnulcin (lori- feruin Nuluvqunntilni!*, cnpitulis tcnniiiiilibiH ploiuiiujue Nolitariig Hubglubosis niiilti- llorii), floribuH dun.siHHJinu c'()^)pncti^, liiactea cxteriuii foliaceu basi menibrancea cnpitu- liiin p]criim([ue siipcraiitibu!!, »epalis laiiceulatis acunuiiatis nitidis capsiiiani cllipticnni mucronatnni ivquaiitibiiN. — a, minor i capitulo solitaiio. Cham, tt Schlecht, Liruiaa, '.i. p. 373. (et in Herb, noxlr.) — J. Mcrtensianus. lloiig. f'lj/et, Sitchti, p. 49. (it in Ikrh, nontr.) —J. falcatus. E, Meyer, (flde E. Meyer in Uerh, uostr.) — /3. major; capitulis geiitiiiis ternisve etiam subpaniciilatis. IIab. N. W, America. Sitclia (noiiijdiil). In (rnniusclikii. Chami'^n. Alp.'.ie (wni.:,!! of 'lio ) (."ky Mi)untiiini, norlli ol'tlie Sinokiinr Hivcr. Diiiwmoml,— fi. Soiirnot of tlm (-'oliiiii'i'i \W\ ■ , in ilia Pock) Mounlaini. — An cxtrciiivly iiitcrrstini; plant, »iili tliu leaves, in tliu uru'il itute .1 le.:-., !|i t'utintl ut ir.i) •iilt'S, anil tliuf ensirorin us in Inn anil Sisyriiic/iiuiii i tiru, Iiowcvit, iiiity in ijOMC mud^'i, .; 1/ > onirj' ;o presinro, anil soiiio of tlic more luxuriant spiiciiiienii, in tlieir iiillorcuccnec, approach tiie pi c."iiii|jr «;'•' u>i tliou);li the usual furin of tlio plant bo nearly reneniblcs J. caslaiieua, lliiit Uruniinuiiil > lurkcJ it .>a probalily a variety. 8. ,/. uliyinosus (Sibtli.); caule erccto v. dcciimbente sii'pe radic:»Mite I'di'squo i. -tacit obscure articulatis panicula siibsiiiiplici irrcgulnri, capitiiiis pniii- v p!uri'|l>ris, ^epnlit oblongis (rqtiaiibiis siibaciiti.s capsuiam ellipticam ajqiiantibi' . JZ, liot,t 80!. -'x, minor i erectus, floribus intense fuscis. — J. fu.sco-aler. Schreh. {Jldc E, Mei'. in Herb. rtOAti:) — J. buibosus. L. — J. alpiiius. Vill. — /3. subtilis ; caule ladicantc, lioribus siiliblniM.--.!. subtilis. Meyer Syn, p. Q\. — J, flu i tans. Mx, Haii. «. Arctic Sca-coatt. Dr llichurdson. — fk. Canada. Bote. — Tlieso stiiciir.ens r Richardson.- A nin not aciiuainted with thi* li'HPl. Perhaps I may have included it under J. acutijhrus {J. pelucurjiiis, Meyer). 10. J. bufoniua. L.—E. Hot. t, 802. Ph. Am. 1. p, 238. Hab. Throughout Canada to Dear Lake. Dr Richardson. Drummond, N. VV. Coatt, ahui dtiit. Dr Scolder. Duuylaa. 11. .7. tenuis. WiUd.—Vh. Am. 1. p. 228.— J. gracilis. Z'. Ho* t. iT::\ -J. biwmis. Mx,—Pli. Hab. Lake Huron, to Bear Lake, und from Hudson's Bay to t!'i<< .-> urceg oC tbo ColK'iiui., in the Rocky - S/ 192 HYDROCHARIDEiE. [ Valianeria, Mountain). Dr Riehardton. Drummonef.— This is a well marked species, though allied to J, bufonius, and it seems most abundant throughout N. America. '? 'eaves are slender, setaceous, several from the root. Stem from 8 inches to 2 feet, slender, but rigid, bare c .eaves up to the panicle near the top, where is one leaf immediately beneath the foliaceous bracteas. In the axils of the forks of the dichotomous panicle are '2 or 3 large nearly sessile flowers, and 2 or 3 unilateral ones, from the upper or inner side of the branches, the under or outer side being bare of flowers. Sepals green, with white, membranous margins, 12. J. castaneus (Sm.); caule erecto tereti folioso, foliis supru canaliculatis subtus teretibus (siccitute planis), capitulis plurifloris subbinis sessilibus v. pedunculatis bracteis majoribus folinceis capitulis longioribus, floribus sessilibus v. pedicellatis, capsulis ovali- trigonis sublonge mucronatis perianthium superantibus. E. Bot. t. 90. Rich. App. p. 11. Cham, et Schlecht. Linnaa, 3. p. 374. — a. floribus capsulisque intense fuscis. — 13. floribus capsulisque pallidis. — J. Lehmanni. E. Meyer in Herb, nostr. Hab. York Factory, Hudson's Bay ; Edmonton House Fort, on the Saskalchawan, to the Rocky Moun- tains. Drummond; and to Bear Lake. Dr Richardson. N. VV. Coast, from Unalaschka to Kotzebue's Sound. Chamisso. Beeehey. ... 13. J. Menziesii (Br. in Herb. Banks); caule erecto tereti folioso, foliis lineari-acu- minatis supra canaliculatis, capitulis terminalibus globosis 1-3, bractea exteriori ple- rumque foliacea et capitula superantibus, sepalis lato-ovatis obtusij capsulam obovatani nitidam muticam a3quantibus. Hab. N. VV. Coast of America. Menziet, in Herb. Banks. Common near the confluence of the Colum- bia, and thence to Puget Sound. Douglas. — A span to nearly a foot high, the stem rigid, the leaves slightly so. Heads of flowers generally too large. Sepals unusually broad. — A very distinct species, with the habit of the preceding. 14. J. biglumis (L.); foliis radicalibus lineari-subulatis compressic- (non canaliculatis) basi in vaginam sensim dilatatis, capitulo terminal! bifloro flore altero pedicellato ple- rumque involucre foliaceo breviore, capsula turbinata retusa sepalis obtusis longiori. E. Bot. t. 898. Cham, et Schlecht. Linnaa, 3. p. 374. Hab. Arctic Sea-coast and Islands. Dr Richardson. Sir E. Parry. Mr Edwards. Rocky Mountains, north of the Smoking River. Drummond. Bay of Good Hope, Behring's Straits. Chamisso. 1^. J.triglumis {\j.)', foliis radicalibus lineari-subulatis canaliculatis bitubulosis vaginis supra auriculati.s, capitulo terminali 3-floro bracteam membranaccam aequantibus, capsuh elliptica acuta sepalis obtusis longiori. E. Bot. t. 148. Hab. Arctic Sea-coast. Dr Richardson. Alpine swamps in the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Ord. XIV. HYDROCHARIDEiE. Br. 1. VALISNERIA. L. 1. V. spiralis. L. — V. Americana. Mx. — Ph. Am. I. p. 602. Hab. Canada.— Living plants were sent from near Montreal, by Mr Kippin, to the Glasgow Botanic Garden, where we had the opportunity of examining flowering specimens, and ascertaining that tliey wert the same as the European species. Liparii.'] ORCHIDEiG. 193 2. UDORA. Nutt. Dioica. Spatha bifida. Masc. Cat. S-partitus, Cor. 3-petala. Stam. 9, 3 interiora. — F(EM. Cal. 3-partitus, tubo longissimo. Pet. 3. Filamenta sterilia 3. Utriculus subtri- spermus. Semina cylindrica. Nutt, — Herba aquatica, foliis verticillatia, 1. U. verticillata. Spreng. — Udora Canadensis. Nutt, Gen. Am. 2. p. 24i2. Elodea. Mx. Serpicula verticillata, L. — Muhl. — S. occidentalis. Ph. Hab. Canada, (Micfiaux. Cleghorn. Goldie.) to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardton. Drummond. — I have retained the name of verticillata to this, originally given to an East Indian Udora, from a conviction, aa far at least as can be conveyed by the dried specimens, that the plants of the Old and of the New World are the same species. It extends throughout the whole continent of America, from the lat. of York Factory, Hudson's Bay, in the north, to Buenos Ayrcs and Valparaiso in the south. The leaves vary much in size and direction, so that probably the U. {Elodea) Granalensis, and U, Orinoceiisis of Humboldt and Kunth, are mere varieties. Certainly my specimens from British Guiana are the same as those from Canada. Ord. XV. ORCHIDEiE.* Juss. § I. Malaxide;e. Lindl. 1. MICROSTYLIS. Null. Lindl. 1. M. monophyllos (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 19.) ; caule unifolio, racemo gracili elongate, pedicellis flores sequantibus. — Lindl. — M. bracliypoda. Gray, Mss. in Herb, nostr. — Ma- laxis monophyllos. IVilld. — Ophrys. L. Hab. Near Montreal. Goldie in Herb, nostr. Halifax. Goldie (ex Lindl.) — A very distinct species from the following, (a European plant,) and first found in N. America by Goldie. and since by Drs Torrey and Gray, in the United States, at Oneida county. New York. 2. M. ophioglossoides (Nutt.) ; caule unifolio, racemo obtuse capitato multifloro, pedi- cellis flores longe superantibus, labello tridentato. — Lindl. Dot. Reg. 1. 1290. (var.i3.) Gen. Orch. p. 19. Malaxis ophiog. Ph. Am. . p. 592. Loddig. Bot. Cal. p. 1 1 16. M. uni- folia. Mx. Hab. Canada,' to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Newfoundland. Dr Morrison. Nova Scotia. Menzies. 3. M. diphyUos (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 19.): foliis duobus ovatis lanceolatisve ncutis laevibus, scapo triquetro, labello subrotundo acuminato acumine lacinias baud superante. — Malaxis diphyllos. Cham, in Linnaa, 3. p. 34. Hab. Unalaschka. Chamisso. — This is equally unknown to me as it is to Dr Lindley. 2. LIPARIS. Rich. 1. L. /tVtt/b/ta (Rich.); tbliis binis oblongis acutis plicatis racemo paucifloro multo * I have followed entirely the arrangement of Dr Lindley, to whose invaluable Genera and Species of Orchideous Plants I refer for the characters of the Genera, so far as that work is published. VOL. II. 2 B 194 ORCHIDEif). lAmplectrum. brevioribus, scapo angulato, labello maximo obovato mucronato recurvo discolore, sepalis linearibus patentissimis. Lindl. Bot. Reg. p. 882. Gen. Orch. p. 28. Malaxis, Sw, — Ph. Atn. 2. p. 692. Bot. Mag. p. 2004.— Ophrys, L. Hab. Canada. Ph. 2. L. Loeselii (Rich.) ; foliis binis ovato-oblongis obtusis plicatis racemo paucifloro multo brevioribus, scapo angulato, labello ovato integerrimo concolore, sepalis petalisque linearibus inaequalibus. Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 28, in Bot. Reg. t. 882. Malaxis, Sw. — M. Correana. BefUh, — Nutt. Am. 2. p. 196. Liparis, Spr. — Ophrys Loeselii. L. Hab. Canada, ( Goldie) to Carlton House Fort, on the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson, — The L. Cor- reana differs in no respect from our European L. Loeselii. The American plant is indeed often mucli larger, (I Imve specimens more than a span high,) but Dr Richardson's specimens do not exceed ours. 3. CORALLORHIZA. Br. 1. C. innata (Br.) ; scapo pauci (6-9-) floro, floribus parvis, labello oblongo subintegro, calcare ovnrio adnato obsoleto. — Hook, in Fl. Lond. N. S. t. 142. Rich. App. p. 33. — C. odontorhiza. Nutt. Gen. 2. p. 197. — C. Wisteriana. Conrad in Joum. Acad. Phil. 6. p. 145. Cyniiiidium. Ph. — ,3. labello immaculato. Corallorliiza verna. Nutt. — Joum. Ac. Nat. Phil. 3. p. 1S6. t. 7 — C. innata. Eat. Hab. Lake Huron, {Dr 7ot/r/) throughout Canada, (,Clrg/ioni, Mrs Sheppard,) to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Douglas. Newfoundland. Miss Brcnton. — Copious specimens which I pos- sess of this plant, from the above localities, precisely accord with our European C. inAala, A small slender species, about a span high. 2. C. multiflora (Nutt. Joum. Ac. Nat. Phil. 3. p. 138. t. 7.); scapo nui!ti-( 15-30)- iloro, labello cuneato-ovali tripartito recurvo maculato, calcare tubcrculiforini ovario ad- nato. Hook. Exol. Fl. t. 174. C. innata. Nutt. Gen. 2. p. 197. {Jide Nutlall.). Hab. Canada. Cleghorn- Dr Todd. Mrs Sheppard, Lady Dalhousie. New Drunswick. Mr Kendall. Columbia and Observatory Inlet. N. W. Auierica. Douglas aud Dr Scoultr. — Much larger and stouter than the preceding, with which it had been confounded by Nuttall ; a foot uiid more high, with uiore numerous (lowers, and an evident spur, but adnatc with the ovary. 3. C. Mcrtensiana (Bong. Veg. Sitcha, p. 47.); scapo niulti-(10-20)-floro, labello ovato-oblongo subeinarginatu, prope b.isin dente incurvo utrinque instructo, calcare subelongato omnino libero. Hab. N. W. America. Sitcha, Bongard. Fort Vancouver and Nusqually. Dr Scouler and Tolmie. — Habit and size of the preceding, yet very different. It is generally more slender, the sepals and petals mucli narrower ; but the most distinguishing feature is the very evident spur to the ba^e of tlie lip, not at all adnatc with the ovary. 4. AMPLECTRUM. ^uU. Lindl. 1. A. hyemale {}iun. Joum. Acad. Phil. p. 139). Corallorhiza liyemalis. Null. Gen. 2. p. 1 98. Cymbidium, IVilld.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 593. Oi/mnadenia.'] ORCHIDEiG. 195 Hab. Between Norway Houae and Cumberland House Fort, on the Saskatchawan, Drummond ; rar«i and with fruit and good foliage ; but no flower. — Flowers aimilar to those of Corallorhiza, Root tuberoua, with a single elliptical leaf from the summit of the tuber, the sca^e sj," inging from beneath. This is doubt- less the northern limit of this fine Orchidoous plant ; but it does not i ppear to have been found in Canada. § II. Vanueje. Lindl. 5. CALYPSO. Snlisb. 1. C. borealis. Salisb. Par. Lond. t. 89. Hook. Ex. Fl. t. 12. ejrtsd. Bot. Mag. p. 2763. Ph. Am. 2. p. 593. C. Americana. Br. — Nutt — Limodoruin. fFi7W.— Cypripedium bulbosum. L. Had. Canada to Bear Lake River. Cleghom, Goldie. Dr Richardson ; and from Hudson's Bay (Douglas), to the Rocky Mountain:. Drummond. Nova Scotia. Menziea. N. W. America. Mr Leuiii. Menzies. Douglas. Tolmie. § III. OFHRyD£.s:. Lindl. C. ORCHIS. L. Br. Lindl. 1. O. spectabilis (L.); foliis binis oblongis obtusis scapi longitudine, bracteis foliaceis floribus longioribus, labello lanceolato calcari clavato pendulo sequali. Lindl. Gen, Orch. p. 267. Ph. Am. 2. p. 587. Hook. Ex. Fl. p. 69. O. bumilis. Mx. — Habenaria. Spr. Hab. Throughout Canada. P- Todd. Lady Dalhousie. Goldie. — This is the only true Orchis found in Eastern N. America. 2. O. aristata (Fisch. mst. in Herb, nostr.); foliis ovato-lanceolatis ncutis caule subdi- phyllo longioribus, spica ovata densiflora, sepalis acuminatissimis, labello ovato acuto Iscvissime versus apicem trilobo lateribus deflexo, calcare crasso pendulo labello longiore, bracteis herbaceis acuminatis floribus longioribus, tuberibus palmatis. Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 262. O. acuminata. Hort. Gor. (Herb, nostr. ex Acad. Imp. Petersb.) non Desf. — O. latifolia. L.? var. Beeringiana. Cham, in Linnaa, v. 3. p. 26. Hab. Unalaschka. Chamisso. — This is rightly separated by Dr Fischer from O. latifolia. 7. GYMNADENIA. Br. Lindl. 1. G. (?) tridentata (Lindl.); folio solitario radicali oblongo obtuso, caulinis 2-3 multo angustioribus et minoribus, spica brevi laxiuscula, sepalis campanulatis, labello piano truncato obsolete tridentato (nunc integro obtusiusculo) sepalorum longitudine, calcare filiformi arcuate ovario paulo longiore. Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 227. Habenaria trid. Hook. Ex. Fl. p. SI. Orchis irid. fVilld. — Ph. Am. 2. p. 587. — ^, labello integro. — Orchis cla- vellata. Mx. Am. 2. p. 155. Ph. Am. 2. p. 586. — y, folio lineari-oblongo, caule elatiori (labello integro). Platanthera tipuloides. Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 285. Orchis tipuloides. L, — O. gracilis. Fisch. Hab. Canada. Goldie. Mrs Sheppard, Mrs Perceval. — /3. Newfoundland. Mitt Brenton. — y. Lake Huron. Dr TVie/t^.— The base of the cells of the anthers are by no means so approximate as in the original 190 ORCHIDE^. [Platanlhera. Gymnadtnia of Mr Brown, O, conopsea. It U not unfrequent to find the lip quite entire, and more or less acute, and the narrow-leaved var. of this, is, as it appears to me, the Platanthera tipularioidea of Lindl. Orchis gracilis, Fisch. in Herb. Hook, 8. PLATANTHERA. Rich. Lind. 1. Labellum indivisum, subintegerrimum. I. P. obtusata (Lindl.) ; Folio solitario oblongo-obovato, caule monophyllo, spica laxi- uscula, sepaio supremo latissimo, petalis subtriangularibus acuminatis obtusis, labello lineari-subacuminato basi bituberculato calcaris conici arcuati acuti longitudine. (Tab. CXCIX.) Lindl. Gen. Orchid, p. 284. Habenaria, Rich. App. p. 33. Orchis, Ph. Am. 2. p. 284. Hab. Nova Scotia. Menzies. Canada. Mrs Perceval. Mrs Sheppard (at Cape Torment), to Carlton House Fort, on the Saskatchawan and alpine swamps of tlio Rocky Mountains, and thence to Bear Lake and Fort Franklin. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Labrador. Dr Morrison. N. W. Coast. Menzies. Douglas. Kotzebuc's Sound. Beechey. Tab. CXCIX. /. 5. Anther. Fig. I. Side view of a flower ; /. 2. Front view of do. ; f, 3. Upper sepal ; /. 4. Petal ; 2. P. elegans (Lindl. Gen, Orch. p. 285) ; foliis binis oblongo-lanceolatis, caule squa- mis parvis ramentaceis, spica longa densa cylindracea, bracteis lineari-subulatis floruni longitudine, sepalis campanulatis acuminatis obtusis, petalis lubelloque carnosis ovato- linearibus obtusis subaequalibus, calcare (iliformi urcuato ovario longiore. Lindl. Hab. N. W. America. Vallicsof the Blue Mountains. Douglas. Fort Vancouver. Tolmic. — Flowers white and fragrant. Root an undivided tuber. Stem a foot and a half high. Flowers small. Pollen-glands very large. 3. P. Hookeri (Lindl. Gen. Orchid, p. 286) ; foliis radicalibus binis suborbiculatis car- nosis, scapo nudo, spica stricta multifloni, sepaio superiori ovato lateralibus lanceolatis reflexis; labello lanceolato acuminato glabro sepalis parum longiore, calcare subulato ar- cuato compresso ovario dupio longiore, anthera trianguluri angulis basi obtusis. — Habe- naria orbiculata. Hook. Ex, Fl. t. 145. {non Pursh). Habenaria Hookeri. Torrey, Herb. — Gray^ New or rare plants, St. of New York, p. 229. Ha!i. Upper and Lower Canada. Dr Todd. Goldie, Lady Dalhousie. Drummond. 4. P. orbiculata (Lindl. Gen. Orchid, p. 286) ; foliis radicalibus binis suborbiculatis (ovalibusve) tenui-membranaceis, scapo bracteato,racemo laxo multifloro, sepaio superiori orbictilari lateralibus ovatis, labello lineari-subspatbulato basi pubescente sepalis fere dupIo longiore, calcare arcnato compresso clavato ovario dupIo longiore, antherae lobis basi utrinque productis liberis. (Tab. CC.) — Orchis orbiculata. PA. Habenaria, Torr. Com- pend. p. 318. — H. macropliylia. Hook, in Ed. Phil. Journ. v, 6. p. 331. Gray, New or rare PL St. of New York, p. 228. Plalanthera.} ORCHIDEiE. 197 Hab. Canada. In moist shady woods. Island of Montreal. JUr Ooldie. Lady DalAousie. Mrs Per- ceval; to tho Saslcatchawan. Drummont/.— This fine species, having been but ill defined by its first describer (.Pursh), has been much misunderstood, and the preceding plant was by myself, as well as by other botanists, both in America and in Europe, mistaken for it. From collateral evidence, however, Drs Torrey and Gray were led to consider the present as the true orbiculata ; and the correctness of their ideas has been confirmed by the latter botanist, on his recent examination of the original Purshian Herbarium, in Mr Lambert's pos- session, whereupon he writes :— " Orchis orbiculata, Pursh, is, as I suspected, the macrophylla of Hook, and Goldie. The other species, orbiculata of Hook. {Hookeri nobis) is not in Pursh's original Herbarium ; but it exists in the Canadian Collection of Pursh, without a name." The latter plant has been correctly figured already in the Exotic Flora ; which, together with our. accompanying plate of the present species, will, I trust, clear up all future difficulty on the subject of these two species. Tab. CC. Fig. 1 . Flower ; / 2. Side view of an anther :— magnified. 5. P. Menziesii (Liiidl. Gen. Orch. p. 286) ; foliis radiculibus binis subrotundo-ob- longis erectis, caule sub-bisquamato, racemo laxo paucifloro, sepalis obtusissimis, petalis truncatis labello linear! obtuso brevioribus, calcare pendulo obtuso apice inflexo ovario suboequali. Lindl. Hab. N. W. Coast of America. Memies. (Herb, nostr.)— Scape about a span high. 6. P. Schischmareffiana (Lindl. Gen. Orch, p, 286) ; foliis radicalibus binis obovato- lanceolatis canaliculatis, spica subsecunda multiflora, bracteis oblongis obtusis ovarii longitudine, sepalis oblongis obtusis, petalis labelloque carnosis ovatis obtusis, calcare arcuato grrcili lubelii longitudine. Lindl, Habenaria, Cham, in Linnaa, 3. p. 29. Spir- anthes? Unalascbkensis. Spr. Had. Unalaschka. Chamisso (m Herb, nostr.) 7. P. Konigii (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 286) ; caule folioso, foliis inferioribus oblongo- lanceolatis obtusis emarginatisque superioribus linearibus spicam fere aequantibus, spica densa cylindracea, bracteis lierbaceis floribus aequalibus, labello subrhombeo-lineari ob- tuso calcare inflexo obtuso longiore. Lindl. — a. petalis ovatis acutis, O. Konigii. Retz. — Fl. Dan. t. 333. — ^. petalis cordatis acuminatis. O. dolichorhiza. Fisch. ms, Hab, 0. Unalaschka. Langsdorff. 8. P. herbiola (Lindl. Gen. Orch, p, 287) ; caule folioso, foliis inferioribus oblongis Bcutis superioribus lanceolatis acuminatis, spica densa cylindracea, bracteis berbaceis acuminatis floribus longioribus, labello lineari-lanceolato basi bidentato medio unituber- culato calcare clavato duplo breviore. Lindl, — Habenaria. Br, — Orchis. Ph, Am. 2. p. 574. — O. fuscescens. PA.— O. scutellata? Nutt. (fide Lindl,). Hab. Between Norway House and Canada. Pr Richardson. Drummond. The tubercle upon the lip is very prominent, and affords a remarkable character. 9. P. hyperborea (Lindl. Gen, Orch, p, 287); caule folioso, foliis lanceolatis strictissi- mis acutis, spica laxiuscula subsecunda, bracteis lineari-lanceolatis acutis flore longiori* 198 ORCHIDEiG. [Platanthtra. bus, sepalis deflexis, petalis labelloque linearibus obtusis subaequalibus calcaris obtusi penduli longitudine, radicibus longissimis carnosis. Lindl. Uabenaria hyperborea. Br. —Rich. App. 2. p. 33. Orchis. L.—Ph. Hab. Rare in Canada. Dr Todd. From the Saskatchawan to Fort Franklin. Dr Bichardton, Drum- mond. 10. P. dilatata (Lindl. Gen. Orchid, p. 287); caule foiioso, fuliis lanceolatis gra- niineisve, spica elongata cylindracea densa laxaque, bracteis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis floribus oequalibus longioribusque, sepalis ovatis obtusis, petalis minoribus conformibus membranaceis, labello rhomboideo linenri-lanceolato obtuso calcaris obtiisi longitudine. Lindl. Habenaria. Hook. Ex. Ft. t. 95.— Gray, New or rare PL Si. ofN. York, p. 231. — Orcliis. Ph. Am, 2. p. 588. — Habenaria borealis. Cham, in Linneea. 3. p. 28. — Orchis a<;astacl)ys. Fisch. mst. — ^. angustifolia ; caule gracili. Hab. Newfoundland. Miu BretUon. Throughout Canada, from Lake Huron to the Saskatchawan, and Hudson's Bay, abundant. N. VV. America, about Fort Vsncouvur. Douglas. I'olmie. Dr Scouler. — /3. < 'anada. CIcghorn. — I fear that this, wliich is u very common and highly variable plant, especially as regards its lax or dense growth, and size of the flowers and bracteas, and the breadth of the leaves, is only a luxuri- ant state of P. hyperborea, to which Dr Richardson has rightly referred his more northern plant. It seems probable also (hat P. Kiinigii and P, Huronensit are too nearly allied to it. 11. P. Huronensis (Lindl. Gen. Orch.p, 288) ; caule foiioso, foliis inferioribus oblongis superioribus gramineis, spica laxa tenui, bracteis acuminatis florum longitudine vcl longi- oribus, labello ovato-lanceolnto calcaris incurvi compressi longitudine. ZtW/.— Habe- naria, Spr. — Orchis, Null. Hab, Lake Huron and Michigap. Nuttall. Quebec. AIr» Sheppard. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. — Dr Lindley well observes of this, " P. dilatata ct P. boreali proxima, sed iiores fere minores quam in P, herbiola." 12. P. leucostachys (Lindl. Gen. Orch.p. 288); caule foiioso, foliis oblongo-lanceola- tis obtusis, spica longissima densa, bracteis florum longitudine, sepalis ovatis obtusis, pe- talis membranaceis linearibus emarginatis, labello rhomboideo lineari-lanceolato calcare filiformi arcuato duplo breviore, antherae lobis parallelis rostello inaximo plicato. LindL Hab. N. VV. America. Plentiful in the valleys of the Blue Mountains. Douglas.— Habit, ot P. dilatata, H to 2 feet high. Flowers white. 13. P. gracilis (Lindl. Gen. Orch.p. 288); caule foiioso, foliis linearibus acuminatis obtusis debilibus patentibus, spica laxa elongata, bracteis angustis acuminatis floribus inferioribus remotis longioribus, petalis obliquis acuminatis obtusis, labello lineari obtuso calcaris apice inflati obtusissitni longitudine. Lindl. Hab. N. W. America. Menzies. — " Caules debiles, l^-2-pedalea. Folia 3-poll, longa, parum acumin- ata, nuUo modo aucta." Plalant/iera.} ORCHIDEifi. 199 14. P. alricta (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 288) ; caule folioso stricto, foliis ovato-lanceolatis internodiis duplo longioribus, spica laxa elongata, bracteis lineari-lanceolatis floribus longioribus, sepalo dorsali latiore, petalis ovatis acuminatis obtusis, labello linearUobtuso calcare apice inflate obtusissimo duplo longiore. Lindl. Hab. N, W, Coast of America. Douglas. Observatory Inlet. Scotiler.—" Priore differt habitu stricto, foliis brcvioribus (2^ poll.) latioribus ct magis acuminatis, domum calcare duplo breviore." 15. P. graminea {l,'md\. Gen. Orch. p. 289) ; caule folioso, foliis strictis inferioribiis lineari-lanceolatis obtusiusculis superioribus acuminatis, spica luxiuscula, bracteis acumi- natis floribus brevioribus, petalis obiiquis apice truncatis tridentatis labello rhombeo-lan- ceolato undulato venoso cequalibus calcare clavato arcuato duplo brevioribus. Lindl. Hab. N. W, America. Memies. Upland snamps, at Millbank Sound. Tolmie. " Glanclulm maxima^ polliiiis (cquales." — I possess the present and the two preceding species, which, but for the opinion of Pro- fessor Lindley, I should have been disposed to unite with my narrow-leaved var. of P. dilatata, front Canada. 2. Lubdlum incisum. 16. P. holopetala (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 291); caule folioso, foliis ovato-lanceolatis acutis, spica laxa niultiflora, bracteis lineari-lanceolatis ovarii longitudine, sepalis sub- orbiculatis obtusis supremo galeato, petalis linearibus acuminatis obtusis integerrimis, la- hello lanceolato margine lacero calcare filifornii duplo breviore, ovario rostrato. Lindl, — Habenaria blepliariglottis. Hook. Ex. Fl.p. 87. (nee i'.liorum,^rfe Lindl.), Had. Canada, Goldic. — Notwithstanding the high authority of Dr Lindley, I am still disposed to con- sider this as a very trifling variety of the following, only marked by having entire petals and small flowers. The toothing of the petals is, in the true blephariglottis, often nearly obsolete. 17. P. hlephariglottis (Lindl. Gen, Orch. p. 291); caule folioso, foliis inferioribus Uin- ceolatis canaliculatis sensim decrcscentibus, spica oblonga multiflora densa, bracteis folia- ceis linearibus acuminatis floribus brcvioribus, sepalis rotundato-oblongis lateralibus reflexis, petalis spatliuiatis dentatis, labello oblongo piano flmbriato medio papilloso cal- care recto pendulo triplo breviore, ovario longissimo rostrato. Lindl. — Orchis blephari- glottis. IVilld. (fide Lindl.) an alior,? Hab. Canada. Schweinitz, Lady Dalhousie, Mrs Perceval, Mrs Sheppard. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. — Intermediate in the character of labellum and petals, between the preceding and following species. IS. P. ciliaris (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 292); caule folioso, foliis inferioribus ovato-lan- ceolatis supremis minimis, spica oblonga densa multiflora, bracteis acuminatis ovario brevioribus, sepalis reflexis ovato-subrotundis obtusis, petalis linearibus reflexis apice incisis, labello oblongo margine capillaceo multifido calcare arcuato duplo breviore, ovario colorato longissime rostrato. Lindl, — a. floribus aureis. Lindl. — Habenaria ciliaris. Br. — Orchis, L. — Ph. Am. 2. p. 585. Sims, Bot. Mag. p, 1668. — ^.floribus niveis. Lindl. — Orchis blephariglottis. Ell. et alior. (Lindl.). Hab. a. Canada. Ooldie (in Herb, nostr,). fOO ORCHIDEiE. [Platanthera. 3. Labellum tripartilum, laciniii indivitit. 19. P. rotundijblia (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 292); folio solitario radical! subrotundo- ovato piano, scapo nudo, spicn pauciflora laxiuscula, bracteis obtusis ovnrio brevioribus, sepalis petalisque obtusis, labello triiobo lobis lateralibus subfaicatis intermedio obcordato, calcare acuto labelli longitudine. Lindl.— (Tau. CCI.) — Habenaria, i2icA. ^pp,p.33. Orchis, Ph. An. 2. p. 588. Hab. Hudion's Bay {Herb. Banha.) lalaiid of Anticoiti. Goldie. Newfoundland. Mr Cormaek. Canada. Lad]/ Dalhoiuiei to Carlton Houae Fort on the Saskatchawan t and to Jaiper'i Lake in tlic Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardion, Drummond, — Leaves (potted, Mr Drummond observes, like tliose of Orchis maeulala. Flowers pale dirty white. Tab. CCL Fig. 1, Flower :— magnified. 4. Labellum tripartitum, iaciniis incisii. 20. P. incisa (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 293); caule fulioso, foliis obovato-ol)longis sursum decrcscentibiis, racemo oblongo multifloro, bracteis linearibus acuminatis floribus longi- oribus, sepalis oblongis lateralibus deflexis, petalis erectis oblongis denticulatis, label!! unguiculati subrotundi Iaciniis cuneatis inciso-denticulatis intermedia majore calcare duplo breviore. Lindl. — Habenaria, Spr. — Orchis, IVilld. — Ph. Am. 2. p. 589. Hab. Sillery, Canada. Mrs Sheppard. — Perhaps only a stunted var. of the following. 21. P.flmbriata (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 293); caule folioso, foliis oblongis sursum de- crescentibus, racemo oblongo multifloro, bracteis linenribus acuminatis supremis floribus subaequalibus, sepalis oblongis obtusis lateralibus deflexis, petalis erectis oblongis obtusis incisis, labelli unguiculati subrotundi Iaciniis cuneatis inciso-dentatis intermedia majore calcare duplo breviore. Lindl. — a. grand/flora. — Habenaria, Br. — Hook. Ex, Fl. t. 224. — Orchis grandiflora. Bigel, (Habenaria, Torr. — Platanthera, Lindl.) — ^.floribus min- oribus. P. crispa. LindU. Hab. >. and 0. Abundant throughout Canada. Mrs Perceval. Mrs Sheppard. Ckghom. Newfound- land (chiefly 0). Miss Brenton. 22. P. psychodes (Lindl. Gen. Orch, p. 294) ; caule folioso, foliis inferioribus oblongis obtusis supremis angustissimis acuminatis, racemo laxo multifloro, bracteis foliaceis flori- bus longioribus, sepalis retusis lateralibus deflexis, petalis emarginatis, labello unguicu- lato tripartito Iaciniis cuneatis capiilaceo-multifldis suboequalibus, calcare ovario duplo breviore. Lindl. — a. Iaciniis labelli omnibus multifldis. Lindl. — Orchis psychodes. L. — Ph. Am, 2. p, 585. — Habenaria, Spr. — Habenaria lacera. Br, — Orchis, Ph. Am. 2. p. 586. — /3. lacinia intermedia labelli indivisa. Lindl. Hab. a. Canada. {Pursh), Sillery. Mrs Sheppard. — Probably not distinct from the preceding. On the subject of this species, my valued friend Dr Gray thus writes to me, after an eiamination of the Banksian and Gronovian Herbaria : " As to Orchis psychodes, there is still a great confusion of synonoray, or would Poffonia.] ORCHIDE^E. 201 l)e if you woro to go back to the original, which would now be icarcoly proper. You will see by the Sp. Plant, ed. 1., that the ipecies ia founded on a plant of Kalm, from Canada ; and that a plant of Oronoviui troin Virginia, is referred lo it. The O. ptychodei of Willdenow, and as far ai I know, of almoit all later botanists, is the O. lacera of Mx.— Now, I find that tho Gronovian plant is O. cristata, Willd. (the small- tlowerod, yellow, New .lersey species,) — the specimen from Kiilm, in Herb. Linn., from which the detailed ilnscription is drawn, is O.fimhriata /^a specimen with more crowded flowers, and rather smaller than u«nal." 9. PEHISTYLUS. Xinrf/. (Omnia Platanthera, sed calyx semper campaniilatus et calcar brevissimuni seepius scroliforme.) 1. P. Choriaianua (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 297); fuliis binis lato-ovatis aciitia, spica pnuciflora laxiuscula, bracteis ovatis acuminatis floribus longioribus, sepalis ovatis obtusis membranaceis pateiuibus, petnlis carnosis subrotundo-ovatis conniventibus, labello ovato canaliculato obtuso apice cucullato, calcare brevissime subtereti. Lindl. — Habenaria. Cham, in Linnaa, 3. /;. 31. Hab. Unalaschka. C/iamisio (in Herb, nostr.). 2. P. bracteatus (Lindl. Gen. Orch, p. 298); caule folioso, fuliis oblongis obtusis vel reiusis sursum angustatis et acutioribus, spica laxa, bracteis foliaceis acuminatis floribus duplo triploque longioribus, petalis linearibus erectis, labello lineari truncato subcuneato angulis apice nunc productioribus, calcare inflato brevi. Lindl. — Habenaria. Br. — Pursh, Am. 2. p. 587. Hook. Ex. Fl. ^ 175. Hab, From Lake Huron (Dr Todd) to the Saskatchawan, and to swamps in the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardaon. Driimnwnd. — Notwithstanding the greater size of this plant, (sometimes a foot high,) and its Lirge foliaceous bracteas, I am much disposed to concur with Dr Lindley in the opinion that it is not really distinct from P. viridis of Europe, of which I have specimens from the Altai, and from the Highlands of Scotland, which can scarcely be distinguished from it. I may add too, that Mr Drummond, who must have been familiar with P. viridis, marked his Rocky Mountain specimens by that name. § IV. ARETHUSEiE. Lindl. 10. ARETHUSA. Sw. 1. A. bulbosa. L.—Fh. Am. 2. p. 591. Hook. Ex. Fl. t. 170. Bot. Mag. t. 2204. Hab. Canada. Pursh. Lady Dalhousie. Mrs Perceval. Gotdie. Newfoundland. Mr Cormack. 11. POGONIA. Juss. 1. P. ophioglossoides (Ker, B t.'olour. 2. P. pendula (Lindl. Bot. Peg. t. 008) ; foliis ovatis squamirormibtis amplexicaulibus, floribus subsolitariis cernuis, labelli lobo medio oblongo crispoi caule angulnto. Lindl. — Triphora pendula. Nutt, — Arethusn. Willd. — Ph. Am. 2. p. 690. — A. trianthophora. Sw, — A. parviflorn. Mx. Hab. Canada. Ooldie. Douglai, NhUoU. — Howen white. Plant 2-4 inchet high. Lindley has ccr- tainly correctly referred thii curiout little plant to Pogonia, 12. CALOI'OOON. Br. 1. C. pulchellus. Br. Horl. Kew. ed. 2. V. 5. p. 20i.—Cymbid\um. IVilld.—Ph. Am.i. p. 592. — Limodoruin. Curt, But. Mag. t. 116. — L. tuberosum. Mx. Hai. Canada, frequent. Newfoundland. Miit Brtnton, Dr Morrison, 13. EPIPACTIS. Hall. I. E. giganUai elata, foliis ovato-lanceolatis marginibus scabris, floribus solitariis axil- laribui nutantibui, labello sepalis petalisque acuminatis.— (Tab. CCII.) Douglas mat. Hab. N. W. America. On the subalpinc regions of the Blue and Rocky Mountains. /^ou^fox. Columbia River, about Fort Vancouver. Dr Seouler.—Tvo to 3 feet high ; stem leafy to the top; leaves 6^ inchet long, the lower ones sheathing and very obtuse, the rest much acuminated. The colour of the flowers appears to be greenish-brown, like those of E. paliislrit ; but in tho large axillary flowers, it most resembles E. jxillens, from which it may be at once known by its drooping flowers, acuminated sepals, petals and labclluni, as well as by the leaves, which are moreover, very rough, with minute harsh serraturet nt the margin. Tab. CCII. Fig. 1, Flower, side view j / 2, Front view of do. ; /. 3, Column and lip •.—magnified. § V. Negitie*. Lindl. 14. SPIRANTHES. Etch. 1. S. cemua (llicb.) ; foliis liiienri-lanceolatis radicalibus basi attenuatis superioribu.s sensim minoribus vagitiantibus, spica deiisa, floribus demum cernuis bracteis brevioribus, sepalis petalisque coherentibus labello oblongo integerrimo apice dilatato crenulato in- ferne pulcherrime venoso brevioribus. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 283. — Neottia. Willd. — Bot, Mag. t. 1568. Ph. Am. 2. p. 589. Hab. Canada; to tho Saskatehawan and the Lake of the Woods in the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Newfoundland. Dr Morrison. Miss Brenton. N. W. America. Menzies, Fort Vancouver. Douglas. Drummond. — At first sight resembling stout plants of the European S, astivalis ; but the spikes are much more dense, the bracteos and flowers larger, and the lateral sepals culiero with the upper one and the petals, for nearly their whole length. 2. S. gracilis > foliis radicalibus ovatis petiolatis, scapo clongato vaginis subfoliosis Ooodgera.] ORCHIDEiG. SOS .squamatii, ipica gracili laxa« floribui bracteas superantibus, lepalis lateralibui liberiv la- Iwllo oblongo-Bubspathulato crenulato pauUo longioribui. — (Tab. CCIII.)— fii^''* Oott. ed. 2. p. 322. — Neottia tortilis. PA. Am, 2. p. 589 (iton Sw.).— Ophryi sttivalis. Mx. Am. 2. p. 167. Hai. Canada; and from Lake Huron, (Dr Todd) to Fort Franklin, on the Mackenxie River. Dr Rich- ardion. JJrummond.—Dr Digelow has well doicribed thii plant, and remarked that the radical leavei frequently falling off, cauae it to appear loafleit at the time of flowering ; and it ii ihii imperfect itato evidently, that Michaui has dricribed, and when he layi, "tcapo folioio, foliii Unceolalit aeutiuimis," ho alludes to its leaf-like scales. Pursh completely misunderstood Michauzt or he would never have referred I ho plant to NeoUia tortilis of Swartz, which has linear radical leaves a foot long, and a scape 2 feet high ; and he has copied the character of N. tortilii from Swartz and Willdenow. The present species is frequent in the United States. I possess specimens from Drs Schwcinitz and Uoott, and from Mr Greene. Tab. CCIII. FiV/. 1, Flower; /. 2, Labellum :—ma(7nt/feef. 3. S. decipiens; foliis radicolibus ovatis, scapo pubcscente squamoso squamis subfoliaceis, spica multiflora laxiuscula, bracteis flore brevioribus, labello ovato acuminato obtuso basi concavo apice coiulupiicato, anthera gynizoque acuminatis. (Tab. CCIV.) Hab. Lake Huron. Dr Todd. Lako Simcoe, and near the sources of the Columbia River. Drummond. Fort Vancouver and Straits of De Fuca. Dr Scouler. — This plant has so completely the habit of the Good- f/era pubetceni of American Botanists, that if I had not observed that its sepals were more acuminated, I should havd been satisfied that it was that plant. But on looking into the flower, I find the column and an- ther and pollen to be completely those of a Spiranthti. Root or caudex creeping, jointed, with lateral fibres, resembling a Scolopendra. The leaves are in like manner frequently tessellated, or mottled with dark screen on a pale green. Scape 8 inches to a foot high. Spike downy. Sepals ovato-lanceolate, acuminated, but rather obtuse, petals lanceolate, cohering with the upper sepal. Lip parallel with the column, ovate and concave at the base, then tapering gradually into a long, narrow, canaliculated, obtuse, nearly straight point. Column short. Stigma square near the base, tapering upwards into a long sharp acumen, the gynizus ; anther, from the back of this, fixed and parallel with it, ovate, very convex above, terminating in a very sharp apex, opening with two cells and easting the pollen-mass on the back of the gynizus. This pollen-mass con- sists of a long subulate connectivum, to which are fixed, one on each side, a double row of compact cohering grains, the whole being pyriform, full yellow. Tab. CCIV. Fit;. I, Flower; /. '2, Column and lip; /. 3, 4. Diflerent views of the column; /. 5, Upper side of a pollen mass ; f, 0, Underside of do. ; — magnified. 15. GOODYERA. Br. I. G. repens (Br.); Foliis ovatis subunicoloribus, labello ovato sublonge acuminato acumiiie inoilice recurvo, columna brevissima. Hook. Fl. Lond. N. S. t. 144. — Neottia. Sw Ph. Am. 2. p. 589 — Satyrium. L. Hab. Mountain woods of the Rocky Mountains (Drummond) and from the Saskatchawan to Fort Frank- lin. Dr Richardton. — Smaller than the following, with the leaves thinner, rarely reticulated with white veins. I have in vain sought for a distinctive character in the sepals ; they appear to me to be of the same shape in both species, and even the lip presents but little character. The acumen is, however, longer and less recurved in the present individual, and the column is always very short. M04 ORCHIDEiC.. [ CypTiptdium. S. G.pubeicens (Dr.); foliii ovatis plerumque albo-reticulati*, labello ovato brevi- acuminato acumine arete reflexo.— £inatchawuii. Dr Hichunl- .ion— j3. N. W. Coiiit i from Do I'licu to Uimlax.'liku. Chamimn. Honijnrd. Dr Saniler. Tiilmiv — Tliii, according 10 Niitull, ia found io far aoiitli at Nciw ictuy in llit' United Slulcii. Thu N. W. ipccinion* have certainly narrower tcpalf and lip tiiun tliu utiicri. 2. L. ronm//»riV>i(/(>K (Niitt.) ; caule bil'olio, tuliiit oppnsitis orbiculnri-ovatis, rnccnid pubeticeiite, sepalis aiigiiHte liinceolntis demuiii rt-flexis, lal)elio ubiongo-obcurdatu biKdo cum mucrone inteiniedio obtuso laciniis brevibus obtusissiniis, columnii cluugatu L^liii- diicn. (Tad. CCV.) — Epipactis. .Sir. — I'h. Am. 2. p. 5J)I. — Listera Kscbsclml/iann. Cham, in Liunwa, v, 3. p. 33. Had. Near (jucbcc. Torrey {in Hrrh. iiuilr.). Mr» Perceval. Lake Hunm. Dr Tudd, Slmdy wood* in mountain swamps at the buieut'the Uocky Muuntiilns. Drummond. N. W. America. Mantes, in Herb. Banha. {fide BooH.). Clarence Straita. Tulmie, Cnalaiclika. Chtnni»»o (/n tlerh. noitr.). Tab. CCV. Fig. I, Flower; — iiiaijiiificd. § \'I. CYi'ini'iiDiF./i-;. Lindl. 17. CYI'HIl'KDIUM. L. ' Scapigera. 1. C. humile. Sw.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 596 — C. ocaule. Ait. Hot. Mag. t. 192.— a. petulis. flavescenti-viridibus vei iuscescentibuij, labello puipurascente, Intus venis suturatiiis pur- pureiii. Rich. I. c. — 8. labello flavescenti-albo. Rich, I. c. Hab. New Brunswick. Mr Kendall. Newfoundland. Mis> Brenloii. Dr Morritoii t and («. and /i.) from Canada to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie Kiver. Dr liichardsou. " Caule fuliato. 2. C.spectabile (Sw.); sepalis subauiualibus Into-ovatis obtusis, petalis lanceolatis ploiiis luugioribus, labello petalis longiure ventricoso subsulcato, stainine sterili cordato-ovato ('■ypriptdiinH,] OHCIIIDE/V. ubtuio.— Linf//. Dot. lleg. t, 1600. Ph. Am. 2. ;>. 50-K— C. olbum. Ait.^Dot. Mag. t. 816.— C. Cnimdeiige. Mx C. Calceolui. t'. I.. Had. C'ttimda. Purih. I)r Todd. Mri Percival. AIrt SAepiiard..—V\owot llie UrKott ufany of the N. Aiiiorican ipeclct. Sepali and pciuli wliiiu, li|) tinned with purple. 3. C />»AMC«ti« (Willd.) ; scpalis lanceolntix, Htnmiiie Htcrili triangular! aciito, label lo pt'talis breviore subtu;) mipernuqiie cunvcxu-gibboso laterulitcr coinprusso. Hook. Hot. Mag. folio 8021. (nd colccm); t. 3024. A. Ph. Am. 8, p. mv. Rich. A/ip. p. 34..— f. parvitluruiii. Hot, Mag. /.Oil (non fVilhl). Hah, Canada in tlio Saikatchawan. I)r llichardson. Driimmi)nil.—iic\m\i nurruw, gruonUli'brown, atronktMl u itii purple. Lip yclluw. 4. C. parvijiorum (Kulisb. in Linn. Trans. \.p, 77. t. 2./. 8); sepalU lato-ovatis, 8la- miiie sterili triangular! ocuto, labello putalis breviure suprn subtusque planiusculo. Hook. Hot. Mag. t. 3024. Ph. Am. 2. p. 591. Hah. NcHfoundlund. Miit Brentuu; iiml tliruu);liuut Canada tu Lake Winipof; and tlio Kucky Muun. tain). J)r Uic/icrdton. Drummond, N. W. Ainvrica, in thu DIuo Mountain*.— Very nearly allied to tlic preccdinif, and often confounded with it. Sopuli broader, and, a> well as the pctalii choculuto-colourcil. Lip deeper yellow, flattened ai it were above and below, the iidci iwclling out. It iii I believe, the more generally dirt'used of the two specie* in Kritiih N. America. 5. C. pasaerinum (Rich. App. p. 34) ; sepalo superior! uvuli-subrotiindu petala ublongu ubtusissima labellumqueobovatuni ore rutundatuin contractuin suba-qiinnte, staniine sterili elliptico-cordato obtuso. — C parvillormn. Rich. App. eil. \.p, 340 (excl. syn.). Haii. I'ine woods, from the Saskatcliawan to lat. 68", and in the Kncky Mountains. Dr liichard»oii. Drummond. — A vory remarkable and most distinct species, found, as far as I know, by no naturalist except those now mentioned. It is admirably described by Dr Richardson. 0. C. arietinum (Br. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. v. 5. p. 222) ; calyce trisepalo, staniine sterili urbiculari-spathulato, labello saccato-calcarato. Br. in Dot. Mag. t. 1569. Hab. Canada; lionUeaX (Mci$rs Chandlera and Buckingham). Ooldie. Portage of the Grand Kapid of tho Saskatchawan. Drummond.— Only two or three specimens were gathered, and those in fruit ; but roots were brought home which flowered in the Belfast Botanic Garden. — A small species, readily distin- guished by the distinct sepals and lip coming to a detlcxed i)oint at the apex below, so as, in some directions, to resemble tho head of a sheep or ram. 7. C. guttatum (Sw.) ; caule diphyllo, stamine sterili ovato emarginato deflexo, sepalo superior! ovato petalisque lanceolaiis labellum oval! supra depressutn ore patulo snb- uequantibus. Reichenh. Ic. Bot. t. 210. Hab. Two specimens only, with withered tlowors, were gathered by Dr Richardson at Fort Franklin, on the Mackenzie River. Unalasehka, most abundant. Chamiaso. — Flower ratlier small, beautifully mottled with pnqile and white. The leaves always turn black in drying. ao6 IRIDE^. [Sisi/rincfiium. Ono. XVI. IRIDE^. Juss. 1. IRIS. L. 1. /. versicolor. L. — Bat. Mag. t.2\. Hab. Canada. Purah, 2. /. Virginica. L. — Bot. Mag. t. 703. —I. hexagona. Wall. — I. laciisiris? Nutt. Ha3. Canada. PurM. C/e^Aorn; to the Saskatcliawan. Dr liichardson. Drummond, Mr Ik'endaU. New Brunswick. 3. /. tridentata. Ph — I. tripetala. Walt, (not Thunb.) Bot. Mag. t. 288C. Hab. Canada. Mrs Sheppard. — Mr Herbert observes, " there are intermediate forms between . XVIII. DIOSCORE^. Br. 1. D. villosa. L, — D. pnniculata. Jacq. Ic. t. 626. Hab. Canada. Pursh. Ord. XIX. CYPERACE^. Juss. 1. CAREX.' £. The following valuable list, with characters and descriptions of new species of the British North American Carices, is entirely the work of my inestimable friend Dr Boott. The paper was accompanied with a letter, from which I make the following extract : — " After months and months," says Dr Boott, " of intermittent study of Carex, I have completed the list of British and North American species, for publication in your British North American Flora, and if the ilnepest interest in the subject avails much, I can offer that as a recommendation of my humble labours. I have made the sketch as concise as possible, and, therefore, I hope you will publish it as I send it, letting me bear the responsibility of its defects. In a genus comprising so many species, I have thought it advisable at once to annex a full description of t'lC new species. It will give an additional value to your admirable work ; itnd, to atford space, I have inszrled nothing on the known species, but what is essential to their being re- cognised, leaving synonyms to be gleaned generally from works that are easy of access to all. I have re- * Vide Memoircs Acad. Imp. dcs. Sc. de St Pctersb. tom. 1. ?33l. p. 195. " Ct/peracecs nova, C, A. Meyer," — Mem. de I'Acad. Imp. des Sc. do St Petersb.O series, tom. 2. p. 168. " Bongard Obs, sur la Veg. de risk de «i. .3. C. scirpoidea. Mich C. Wormskioltliaiia. Horn. Fl. Dan, Hab. Fort Norman, Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. (Jreenland. Hornemann. " Androgyna. -t- Superne niascula. t Stiy. 'i. 4.. C. capitata. L Scfik.f. 80. Hab. Hudson's Bay. Dr Richardson. Torrcij. Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson, (ircenland. tiorncManii, ."}. CJilifolia. Nuttall, Gen. N. Am. PI, 2. 204 Uncinin breviseto. Torr. Hab. Carlton House. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Missouri River. Bradbury, >/i herb. Hoohir. (Stigmas often 3.) Ilook. Carex.} CYPERACEiE. 209 6. C, Hepburnii (Boott) ; spica ovali pauciflorai stigmatibus 2, perigyniis ellipticis compressis brevi-rostratis ore membranaceo bifidis enerviis superne margine hispidis, squamam ovatam equilatam ferrugineam margine membranaceam suboequantibus. (Tab. CCVII.) Hab. Rocky Mountains. Drummond, Greenland. Horn, in herh. Hooker. Cicspitosa. Culmus 3-5 uncialis, glabcr. Folia setacea, apicc triangulari, hispida, baei vaginis latis custatis tecta, culinum oequantia. Spica 4 lineas longa. 2 lin. lata, flosculis maBculis, femineis 6-8 instructa. Squamascula angustiB, lunceolatiEi paHidtc : feminece lutp ovattc, infima interdum brevi-hispida mucronata. Perigiinium IJ lin. longum, i lin. latum, aurantiaco-stramineum, apice feirugineum squama demum pauIo longius. Achenium lineam longum, ^ lin. latum, olivaceum, obovato-ellipticum, basi styli incrassato ter- niinatura. Tab. CCVll. Fig. 1, Male Flower j /, 2, Fcmalo do. ; /. 3, Perigynium ; /. 4, Achenium and seta: — 7naijni/ied. 7. C. micropoda, Meyer, t, 6. Hab. Unalaschka. EschchoUz. 8. C. anthoxantha. Preitl, — Kunth, Cyp, 370. Hab. Nootka Sound. Presl. tt Stig. 3. 9. C. obtusata. Lilj. — Schk.f. 159. — C. Backiana. Dewey, (e descript.) Hab. Carlton House. Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Greenland, Horn.— Achenium basl stipite filiformi instructum, ut obs. eel. Kunth. 10. C.rupestris. AlUon.—Schk.f. 139.— C, attemiata. R.Br. Hab. Fort Norman. Richardson, (fi. major j C. Drummondiana. Dewey.) Rocky Mountains. Drum- mond- 1 1 . C circinnata. Meyer, t. 6. Hah. Unalaschka. Eschscholtz. Sitcha. Bongard. 12. C. pohjtrichoides, MM Schk.f. 138 C. microstacliya. Mich. Hab. Hudson's Bay to Norway House. Dr Richardson. 13. C. offinis. R. lir. in Frank!. Narr. App. 1823. Hab. Woodt'd country. Dr Richardson. — The specimen in Herb. Banks, has setaceous leaves, and looks like C.Jilifulin ; the spike is linear, and near an inch long. It is too large, though the specimen is very young, for C. Hepburnii or C. Li/oni. , 14. C. Li/oni (Jioon) ; spica linear! pauciflora superne mascula, stigmatibus 3, perigyniis (immatiiris) iincari-Ianccolatis isevibus ore membranaceo obliquo squama ferruginca lan- ceolata plus minus acuta brevioribus. (Fab. CCVIII.) Hab. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. VOL. II. 9 9 210 CYPERACK.E. [ Carex. Cic«pUosa. Radix rcpensi fibrU longig albis imploxa. Culmua biunciitlia, obtuaanguhis, glalicrricnus. Folia setacea, canaliculata, glauca, glaberrima, atricta, crccta, culmum auperantia, 1-4 pollices longa, apicc I'alloaa, obtusa, nitcnte glabra, vaginis longia costatia, partom inferiorcm culnii vcatientibua. Spica lineuris, 3-5 lincaa longa, | tin. lata, ferruginea, flosctilis masculls 3-4, fcmineig 7-l> inatructa. Si/uama iinbrlcattb, lanccolatee, acuts, vcl apicc membranncpoe, obtuaEC, perigyniia latiorea et pnuhilum longiorca. Perigynium (Uoriferum) I^ lin. loiigum, ^ lin. latum, pallidum, nervosum. Acheniwn Cvaldo juvenile) \ lin. longum, ^ lin. latum. ^Sli/lus inaertus. Stir;. 3, brcvia. Tab. CCVIII. Fii;. I, Male Flower ; f. 2, Pet'igynium :—maffni/ied. 15. C. microglochin. {Va/d.—Schk,f.2\0. II A u. Greenland. Horn, in' Herb, Hooker, IG. C. pauciflora. Light/.— ScUk.f. ^. Had. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Sitcba. Dumjard. NewToundlarid. Herb. Ban/is. 17. C. Pyrenaka. fVahl. — Meyer, t. 7. IIaii. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. 18. C. nigricans. Meyer, t. 7. IIau. Rocky Mountains. Vrummond. I'liuluachka. Eschschultz. 19. C. Bachii (Doott); .spicu ntulrogyna stiperiie inuscuiu flusciilis inusculiti 3 uiiiiimis obscurJB femineis 2-4 laxis conspicuis inslructn, stigniatibus 3, perigyniis jjIuLc^o-ovntis acuiiunatis cuiiico-i'ostntis glabris oi'c iiitegro siiperiie suhinflutis vnciiis sqtinniii Iiitu iaii- ccolata foliacea mullum brevioribus. (Tab. CCIX.) H,juama: jiinineie iii- I'eriorcs foliacem, lanceolalu', acuminata;, iursi> n decresccntes : superior perigynium suba'cpiaiis : rc/ii/uie t.'o niultum longiores, basi nervosm perigynium ainpleetentcs. Periiiyiiium ovato-acuminatnin, supcrne vacmuii, couicu-roetratum, deuuim subpyril'orme, ore intcgro, omnlno glabrum biiiorvosum, •1\ lin. longum, lineam latum. Ac/icnium 1$ lin. longum § latum, abbreviato-pyrifori'.ie, apicc rotundatum baai abrupte contractum, obscure tri(|uctrum, pallidum. C. Willdenouii, Sclik. C, .Stcudelii, Knntli, aflines. — DitKrt ii priori flosculis mnscidis 3, nunipiam (etium in culmis niarridis aimi prions) conspicuis imbricatis, sli;.'. glibris, perigyniis glabris. C. Steudelii, Kuntli, tlosculis masculls ^.iljduodcnis gaudct. Taii. CCIX. r/y. 1, Male Spiki; and advanced IViualo I'lower or IVigyuium ; /'. 2, Aclicniuui: — imniiii/icd. i I Carex.] CYPERACEyE. 811 H — (- Inferne mascula. 20. C. ursina. Dewey. ( Tab. CCX.) Hab. Arclic Sea Coast, Dr Richardson. Tab. CCX. Fig. 1, Spike ; / 2, Perigynium and scale ; /. 3, Perigynium i / 4, Aclienium i—mayni- Jied. B. SriCDLiE AOQKEOATf, ANDROGYNE, SESSILSB. StIO. 2. * Aplce masculn;. 21. C. dispema. Dewey, — C. loliacea. Dewey. Torrey. Had. Rocky Mo>mtainB. Torrey. Common in British America. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—(,s\x u C loliacea, L. distiiiguenda). 22. C. chordorhiza. Ehrh Schk.f. 31. G. Ji. Hab. Hudson's Buy, Cumberland House. Drummond. Lake Winnipeg, Norway House and Carlton House. Dr Richardson. Greenland. Horn, in Herb. Hooker. 23. C. stenophylla. WahL— Schk.f. 30. Had. Carlton House. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. N. W. Coast. Douglas. Scouler. 24. C. incurva. Light. — Schk.f. 95. Hab. Cumberland House, Bear Lake. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Greenland. Horn, in Herb. hook. 25. C.fttlvicoma. Deicey. Had. Arctic Sea Coast. Dr Richardson. — (species minimc cognita !). 26. C. anthericoidcs. Presl. — Knnth, Cyp. 418. Hab. Port Mulgrave, Nootka Sound. Presl. 27. C. Hoodii (Boott) ; spicu composita e spiculis 9-10 in capitulum ovatiim arete con- ^estis apicc masculis, stigmnlibus 2, peiiiryniis ovatis acuminato-iostratis ciliato-serratis l)ifiilis ore antice oblique fisso squainani ovatani acutatn tEquantibus. (Tab. CCXI.) Hab. Columbia River. Douglas. Scouler. Culmus bipcdalis, dcbilis, iiifcrnc foliutus glulicr, superuc nudus acutangulus scabcr, basi rudlmcntis foliorum brevibus atro-purpurcis tcctus. Fulia 1-1 j liii. lata, partem inferiorem fere dimidiam culmi alternntim va- gluantia, deorsum brcviora, supcrius culnii a^juans vcl co longius, supra (oculo arroato) papiilos^o-scabra, marginibus hispida apicc triquctra scabra ; S/iiculis subdenis parvis ovatis in capitulum ferrugineum 8 lin. longum, 6 lin. latum congestis : ud basin bractcis squamoiformibus brevi-hispido-mucronatis sutfullis. Squa- uuB rerrUj.'iMcu3, ncrvo pallido, ovato-acuminata', acutt... vcl mucronulatx, perigynium subsequantcs. Pe.rigy- 213 CYPERACE^. [ Curex. nium (vix inaturum) 1^ tin. longrum, i lin. latum, ovatum, acuminato-rostratum, bifiduiu, ciliato-wrratuni, vel antice alte figso. Achenium J I'm. longum, # !>"• latum, ovatum, pallidum. Tab. CCXI. Fig. \, Femalo Flower ; f. 2, young Pcrigynium ; / 3, more advanced do. ; /. 4, Acliu- n'uim •.—magnified. 28. C. cephnlopltora. Muhl.—ScM.f. 133. Beck, Dot. North and Midi. States. Had. Canada, Albany, 1833. 29. C. MuUenhergii. Schk.f. 178. Hab. Hudson's Bay. Torreij. 30. C. muricata. L.— Schk.f. 22. Hab. N. W. Coast. Douglas. 31. C, Hookeriana. Dewey. (Tab. CCXI I.) Hab. Carlton House. Dr liichardsun. Tab. CCXII. Fig. \, Uractca ; f. 2, Female Flower ; /. 3, Perigyniuin •.—magnified. 32. C. rosea. Schk.f. 179. Hab. Canada. Pursh. Cleghorn. Columbia River. Scouler. 33. C. retroflexa. Muhl Schk.f. • iO. Hab. British America. Torrey. 34. C siccata. Dewey. — C. pallida. Meyer, t. 8. Hab. Cumberland House, Lake Winnipeg. Dt Uicliardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Colum- bia River. Scoiilei: 3;j. C. intermedia. Good. — Schk.f. 7. Hab. Carlton House. Dr liichardson. 36. C. bromoides. Schk.f. 176. Hai. British America; Rocky Mountains. Tuirey. 37 C. vu/pinoidea. Mich.—C. stipata. Muhl. — Schk.f. IS'2. Hab. Common in British America, Dr liichardson. Drummond. Columbia Kiver. Douglas. 38. C. multiflora. Muhl.- Schk.f. 144. Hab. Canada. Dr Richardson. 39. C marcida (Boott); spica oblonga composita e spiculis pluribus parvis ovatis sii- perne niasculis siiperioribus simplicibus iiiferioiibus compositis omnibus coiigestis ebrac- teati^, stigmatibus 2, perigyniis late ovatis acuminatis lostratis piano-convexis .supernc Carex.'\ CYPEttACE/E. 213 margine serratis nervosis ore membranaceo antice profundius fisso squamam ovntain acutani aequantibus. (Tab. CCXIII.) Hab. Columbia River. Scouler. Citlmua I ^-2^ ped. alius, gracilis, supeinc nudus acabriusculus. Folia planui pleruincjue involuta, linoain lata, culmo breviora, marginibus scabru in apiccm triquetram scabram attenuatam producta. Braclea squama.-- formis, iniima mucronata spiculis brevior. SjJtca 8.15 linoas longa,4-5 liii. lata, pallide straminea. Spicule numeroso! parvae ovatie, supeiiores simplices congesto:, iiireriorcs compositiB brcvos aliis arctc contiguu.', oriines inibricatie quasi flnrentes, tam«n perigynia matura seclusa f^irentes. Squamce ovattB acuta! imbricata>, palcatu.' quasi marcidu), margine membranacco!. Perigynium 1 j- lin. longum, ^ lin. latum, fere suborbiculato-acumin- atum, plano-convexum rostratum supcrno margine serratum atro-castanoum facie convexa nervosum, ore membranacco antice profundius fisso. Achenium brevi-ellipticum fuscum, (S-9 lin. longum, 4-!'' lin, latum. Tab. CCXIII. Fig. I, Female Flower ; f. 2, 3, Perigynia ;/ 4, Achenium t—maj/Hi/tW. 40. C. Douglasii {Yioot\.); spica dioica ! composita e spiculis subduodeiiis pluribusve ovatis superioribus simplicibus arete congestis inrerioribus reniotiusculis interdum com- positis, stigtnatibus 2, perigyniis elliptico-lanceolatis rostratis bifidis squama lanceolata acuta brevioribus. (Tab. CCXIV.) Hab. N. W. Coast. Douglas. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Culmus vix pcdalis, strictus, orectus, obtusangulus, glabcrrimus, superne nudus. Folia 1-1^ lin. lata, mar- gine apiceque triangular! longc attenuata scabra, culmo paululum breviora. Bractea setacea brevis, vel ver- sus basin spicee foliacco-setacea eamque superans : supcriores squama>formes mucronatuj. Spica 15 lineas ail duas polliccs longa, 6-9 lin. lata o spiculis simplicibus arete congestis composita, vel ad basin ramosa laxi- orque. SquanuB castaneic lanceolata; acr'a; perigynio longiores. Perigynium (floriferura) 2 lin. longum, 5 lin. latum, elliptico-lanceolatum rostratum bifidum glabrum viride vel rostro subhispidulo ferrugineo, margini- bus obtusis. Achenium (immaturum) $ lin. longum, ^ lin. latum, olivaccum. Styhis exsertus, basi incras- sato ? Stig. 2, longissima.'— Stamina pluribus speciminlbus omnino desunt. Tab. CCXIV. Fig. 1, Perigynium : — magnified. 41. C. teretiuscula. Good, — Schk.f. 19. Hab. Cumberland House, Rocky Mountains. Drummond. 42. C. paradoxa. Schk.f. 2\. Had. Carlton and Norvray House. Dr Richardson. *« Basi masculie. 43. C. trisperma. Dewey. Has. Cumberland House. Drummond. Rocky Mountains. Torrey. 44. C, Deuwyana. Schw, — C. reinota. Rich, in Frank. Narr. Hab. Canada, to Norway House. Dr Richaniam. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. 45. C. ehngata. L.— Schk.f. 25. Hab. Sitcba. Bongard. • 14 CYPERACEiE. [Canx. 46. C. curia. Good.—Schk.f. 13.— C. Richardi. Mich.—C. canescens. Torr. ^. minor. Hai, Common in British America. Dr Richardton. Drummond. Sitcha. Bongard. 47. C. slellulata. Good.—Schk.f. 14. Hab. Common in British America; Roclty Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Sitcha. Bongard. 48. C. tmuiflora. WahL—Schh. f. 187. Had. Canada to Norway House. Dr Richardton, Drummond. 49. C. heleonastes. L. — Schk. 97. — C. Cailioiiia. Dewey. Torr. Hab, Hudson's Bay, Cumberland House. Drummond. Norway House. Dr Richardson. 50. C. glareosa. IVahl. Hab. Greenland. Hornemann, Torrey, 51. C. marina. Dewey. Hab. Arctic Sea Coast. Dr Richardson. 32. C. leporina. L.—Schh.f. 79. 129.— C. lagopiim. Walk. Hab. Rocliy Mountains. Drummond. Greenland. Hornemann in Herb. Hooker. 53. C, petasata. Dewey. Hai. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. .'>4. C. ovalia. Good.— Schk. f. 8. Hab. Columbia Rirer. JMcnzies. Scouler. 55. C. scoparia. Schk.f. 175. Hab. Common in British America. Dr Richardson. Columbia River. Scouler. 56. C. lagopodioides. Schk.f. 177, Hab. Cumberland House. Drummond. Columbia River. Douglas. Scouler. 37. C. arida. Torr. Mon. t. 2b. f 2. Hab. Norway and Cumberland House. Drummond. 38. C. Liddoni (Boott); spica composita e spiculis C ellipticis coiitigiii.s ebracteatis basi tnasculis, stigmatibiis 2, perigyniis lanceolatis acuminatis oblique bifidis margiiie inalata sernilatis, squama iaiiceolata acuta castanea margine albo-liyalina vix longioribus. (Tab. CCXV.) Hab. Columbia River. Scouler. Carex.'] CYl'ERACEiE. 215 Hulinm iripedulis aulcatut, aplcc hiapidulus, liasi alterno I'uliutus, folia longiislmo lupcrant. Folia lin. I \ liild. striclu, apice Iriquctra, scahra, superiiit vix peclale. Spica apsquiuncialii. Spicula 7-0 tin, longtu, 3 I'm. latii', iii'C'to contigun; albo-castaneou. Squama lanceolatn!) margine liyalina latiu'cula cintic. Periijy- nium .')|; liii. lunguni, lineam latum, apiee liiieaque meilla castaneuin, lieviter ncrvoaum, ore antice profundiuii liMo, sipiumain subsquana. Acheniitm oblnngiim obtuaum, pallido atramineum, If lin. longiiin, j lin. latnm, baai iu utipitc brevi productunii atyll tcrminatum. Tab. CCXV. Fig. 1. Female Flower ;/. 2, 3, i'mfyim i-magnifictl. 59. C.festiva. Dewry. Hau. Cumberland Hou»e, Ocur Luke. Dr Uichanlaon. Rocky Mountaina, Drummond, Greenland. Homemann in Herb. Hooker. «0. C. criatata. Schiv. Mon. t. 25. f. I. Hab. Lake Winnipeg. Dr Jiichardson, Cumbcrhind Houae. Drummond. 61. C.festucacea. Schk./. 173. Hau. Britiah America. Torretj. 62. C. adusta {^ooti) ; spica composita e spiculis 4-10 pluribusve omnibus simplici- hiis vel inferioribus compositis basi masculis, stigmatibus 2, perigyniis ovatis acutniimto- rostratis bifldis pluno-convexis turgidis superne anguste alatis serrulatis, dorso 10-12 leviter nei'vosis sqiiamam icquilatam aciitam a>quantibus. Had. Common in Briiiaii America. Dr Richardson. Drummond. llocky Mountaina. Drummond. N. W. Coast. Douglas.— li. minor, angitstifolia. Carlton House. Dr Richardson, Culmiis subacaquipedalia, obtuaangulus gluber, vcl apice scabriuaculus nudus. Folia 1-2 linoas lata, glabra, niarginc Hcabrinscula partem infcriorcm dimidiam culmi vaginantia, stepe transvcrsim corrugata maculisque quasi adustia notata. Bractea ad liaain spiculoG inrorioris aecundicque interdum foliacca apicam BuboequiuiB : vcl omnea breves squamieformea, interior solum brevi-mucronata. Spicula omnea aimplicea, alterno: ap- proximutsB, cxIremiE majorca basi magia attenuatte huic demum clavatoe : mediic ovatoD : infcriorcs remotiua- cnlic : — vcl spicultE superiores solum simpliccs, inferior vel spiculte duce infcriores compositffi, e spiculis 3-4 in spicam brcvcm vcl elongatam dispositis. Squamai lanceolatiB, acutcc, stramineoe vcl pallido-ferruglnea', ncrvo viridi, pcrigynium longitudinc ct latitudinc suba'quans. Perigynimn 2 lin. longum, I lin. latum, ova- tum acuminato-rostratum, bifidiim, viride, plano-convexum, facie convexa leviter 10-12 nervosum, altera riisi basi cnervc, marginibus ad baain obtusis, aupcrnc anguste alatia aerrulatis. Achenium 1^ lin. longum, I lin. latum, suborbiculato-oblongum, fu!ico-castancum> biconvcxum basi styli tuquali apiculatum. 63. C. straminca. Schk./. ni. Had. British America. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Columbia River. Douglas.^^. minor. C. tenera. De.wry. Lake Winnipeg. Dr Richardson. H- Stigma tibus S. 6i. C. macrocephala. Willd. (Tab. CCXVI.) — S. Menziesiaiia, Sm. Herb, Had. N. W. Coast, Douglas. Menzies. Tah. CCXVL Fig. I, Pcrigonium and scale if. 2, Perigonium •.—magnified. 316 CYPERACEiE. [Cnrrx. C. SpICA TEBMINALIS ANDROOVNA VEL MAICUI.A, HEUgU* FLERDHgl K rEMINIA, rlDUNCOLAT*. • Siig. 2. (ib. C.liicolor. AUion.—Schk.f. \S\. Hab. Labrador. SchweiniU, Urecnluml, Hornemann in Herb. Hooker. •• StigtnatlbiK 3, 66. C. Vahlii. Schk.f. 94.. 151.— C. inetlin? R. lir. Hab. Common in British America, to Arctic Coast. Dr llichardaon. Rocky Mountaini. Drummond. (ircentand. Hornemann in Herb. Hooker. ^ <% ^> ^'-•*' ^' Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 "'^^V'* 318 CYPERACEiE. [ Carer. 82. C. aperta (Boott) ; spica mascula 1-2 oblongo-cylindiica acuta, foemineis 2-4 ob- longis superioribus appruximatis sessilibus apice masculis inferior! remota pedicellata sxpe tota focmiiiea, stigmatlbus 2, perigyniis orbiculatis stipitatis enerviis pcliucide punc- talis abriipte brevi-rostratis ore bidentato squama ferruginea lanceolata acuta latioribus brevioribusque. (Tab. CCXIX.) Had. Columbia Kivcr. Douglat. Scouler. — /J. angustifoUa. Fort Good Hope. Dr Richardson. Culmus 1^ peHalis, angulis acutis scabris, supcrnc nudus, basi vuginis atro-purpureis tectiis. Folia ]^ liti. lata crecia, iiiargino apiceqiie triqiietra acuta scabra, culmo breviora. Bractea ferruginco-auriculata, inferior f'uliacea vix culmum tcquans, superiorcs setaceo: spicis suis breviores. Spica mascula 1-2, 1-1 J poll, longa, 2 liii. lata, inrerior brcvlor scssili?, sqiiamis fcrrugincia obtusis. Spicm faminecD 2>4, 7-13 tin. longs, 2-,S lin. lalic, crcctoo, approxlmat(c, sessilos, a|)ico masculic, inferior remota pedicellata ; sicpe tote foBminecD (uno ex- cmplo spicec foemincie 14-21 lin. long(e, inferior basi composita) squamis ferrugineis lanueolatis aculis upertis perigynia supcrantlbus. Perigi/nitim orbiculatuin stipitatuin cnervium abrupte brevi-rostratum, sccpc apicc serraturis paucis maculisque ferrugineis notatuiu, intcrduin ferrugineum apice glaucum/ore bidentato, 1^ lin. longum (cum stipite 1} lin. longum,) lineam latum. Aclnnuiim'Js lin. lougum, 4 lio* latum, orbiculatum, basi styli apiculatum, stramlneo-pallidum, compressum. Dif. a C. ctBspilosa perigyniis orbiculatis stipitatis enerviis bi. Hab. Columbia River. Douglas, Scouler. ,/''■- i Carex.] CYPERACE/E. 219 85. C. lenticularis. Mich. ' " .f , . ■ i, Had. Canada to Mackenzie River. Z)r iZic^are&on. • ■- Spica terminalia smpe mascula. 86. C. aquatilis. JVahl. Has. Canada to Maclienzie River. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Rocky Mountain?. Drummond. 87. C. physocarpa. Presl, — Kunth. Cyp, 420. FIad. Nootka Sound. Presl, 88. C. cryptocarpa. Meyer, t. 14. — C. Scouleri? Torrey. Hab. Clemincitty Harbour. Tolmie. Sitcha. Bongard. Vix a C. salina, ^. Wuhl. distincta I 89. C. salina. Wahl.—Schk. f. 185. Hab. Hood's CannI, Soquamish Country. Tolmie. Hudson's Bay and Cumberland House. Drummond. Kotzebue's Sound. Beechey (" C. siricta"). Greenland. Homemann in Herb. Hooker,—^, Wahl. — C. Ian- ceolata, Dewey. Hudson's Bay and Cumberland House. Drummond. 00. C. Hoppneri (Boott) ; spica mascula 1 linear!, fcemineis 2 ovatis paucifloris sessiii- bus, stigmatibus 2, perigyniis ellipticis plano-convexis erostratis ore indiviso squnma ovnta obtusa mucronulata nigro-ferruginea longioribus. (Tab. CCXX.) Had. Cumberland House and Hudson's Bay. Drummond, Greenland. Homemann in Herb. Hooker. Culinus gracilis, 3-5 pollicaris, obtusangulus, sulcatus, glaber. Folia angustissima, cximie involuta, apice triquetra scabra culmo breviora. Slerilia sexpollicaria, omnia ab involutionem quasi setacea. Spica mascula 6-8 lin, longa, vix lineam lata, squamis oblongis obtusis, rarius mucronulatis, ferrugineis. Spicte fkmineo! 2 ovatx, 3-5 lineas longtc, 2 lin. latte, sub 12-flortc, superior sessilis, inferior brevi-pedunculata inter- vallo 2-10 lin. remota. Bracteas basi plante spicas circumvolventcs iisque multum longiores culmum xquaii- tes, nervosa, cmarginatcc, nigro-auriculattc. Perigynium 1{ lin. longum, f lin. latum, piano-convexum ellipti- ' cum aitcrdum apiculatum, ore indiviso vel subemarginato, enervium, superno ferrugineum, inferne stramineo- pallidum. Squama subrotundo-ovata obtusissima, interdum mucronulata, nigro-ferruginea, ncrvo paliidn, ^^ loiigius. Achenium lineam longum, § lin. latum, plano-convexum ellipticum, basi attenuatum basi styli luquali terminatum, ferrugineum. Tab. CCXX. Fig, 1, Perigynium and scale j /. 2, Perigynia ; /. 3, Achenium -.—magnified. 91. Cmaritima. Midler . — Schk./.H. Hab. Hudson's Bay and Cumberland House. Drummond. 92. C, crinita. Lam. Enc.—Schk.f. 125. 164. Hab. Canada to Norway House. Dr Richardson, Drummond, ' 93. C. macrochceta. Meyer, t. 13. — C. spectabilis. Dewey. Hab. Fort Vancouver. Garry. Sitclia. Bongard. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. SaO CYPERACEiG. [.Care*. 94. C. Sitchensis. Prescott. (Tab. CCXXI.) .-'■ , , Hab. Sitcha. Bongard, Columbia River. Douglai, Sander. Puget'i Sound, Soquamith Country. Tohnie. Tab. CCXXI. Fig. 1, Female Flower ; /. 2, Perigynium ; / 3, Achenium :— magnified. 95. C. recta (Boott); spicis masculis 2 oblongis inferiori pedunculata, foemineis S-4 cylindricis pedunculatis strictis erectis, stigmatibus perigyniis subrotundo-obovatis glaucis Icevibus cylindrico-rostratis ore integro squama lanceolata aristata nigro-purpurascente duplo brevioribus. (Tab. CCXXII.) Hab. Labrador. Herb. Hooker. Culmut 1 \ pedalis, strictus, superne scaber. Folia 2 lineas lata stiicta acuminata (upeme maiginibus apicequo triquetra scabra culmo breviorai sub 8 poiiices longtc. Bractece foliaceee cvaginatic, apice attenuatoe culmum aupcrantes, superne aerrato- scabra, auricula amplcctente obtusa ferruginea. Spicce mascula 6-12 lineas longoe, foemineis approzimal(e,squam(c ferrugiueie.iDferiores obtuse albo-maiginatae, superioresacutiores, nervo sospe in aristam brevissimam producto. Spica fainine inferne crassus spongiosus, apice triqueter scaber. Folia 4} lia. lata, longissima, nodosa, striato-nervosa ; carina margineque scabra, basi culmum amplectentia. Sraclem foliaceee, culmum longe superantes, auricula obtusa amplectente. Spicce masculta graciles Uii poUices longae, lineam lata;, inferiorcs bracteatee : squamae lanceolatee, acutse, pallide ferrugineee, apice membranaceo-albidee. Spicts ferrugineae 2J ad 4 poUices longae, 7-8 lin. latee, superiores sessiles, interdum apice masculae ; inferiores brevi- pedunculatae, apice densi-Cbasi laxi)-florae, intervallis 1} ad 3) poll, remotse, squamae oTato-lanceolatae, acutis- simae, inferiores prtecipue in aristam longam scabram productee, perigynio saepe viz breviores. Perigynium 4\ lin. longum, 1} lin. latum, oblongo-ellipticum, brevissime pedicellatum, acuminatum, cylindrico-rostratun), bicuspidatum, nervosum, divergens. Achenium minimum, ) lin. longum, \ lin. latum, triquetrum. Stylus longus. Stig. 3, brevia. 104. C. vesicaria. L. — Schk.f. 106. Hab. Sitcba. Bongard,—^. Columbia River. Douglas. Scouler. fi, najor ; Perigyniis (viz maturis) 4 lin. longis ovato-lanccolatis, longe acuminatis fuscis, squama mutica triplo longioribus, foliis 3 lin. latis, vaginis inferioribus in fills reticulatis rumpentibus ; spicis foemineis bipoilicaribus. 105. C. subiUata. Mich. — Schw. Mm. t. 26. f. 1. Hab. Canada. Michaux. 106. C. folliculata. L.—Rudge, in Lin. TVs. t. 9.f. 4. — C. xanthophysa. Wahl.—C. rostrata. Mich. Hab. Canada. Lake Mistassins. Michaux. 107. C. intumeacens. Rudge, in Lin. TVs. t. 9./. 3.— C. folliculata. Schk.f. 52. Mich. Hab. Canada to Norway House. Dr Richardson. 108. C. lupulina. Muhl.—Schk.f. 194. Hab. Hudson's Bay. Torrey. 222 CYPERACEiE. ICarex. 109. C. retrorsa. Schw. Mm. t. 28./. 2. •, v,v • Hab. Cumberland Home, i^rummomf. Rocky MouaUuni. Torrty, no. C. scabrata. Schw. t. 26. f. 2. Had. Canada. Cleghom, in Herb. Hooker. . ' ' ' 111. C. Schweinitzii. Dewey, '/ ' Haii. Canada. Torrey. .... V , 112. C. hystericina. Muhl.~Schk.f. 127. Had. Canada. Torrey. ' • 113. C. tentaculata. MuhlSchk. f. 130— C. rostrnta. SchLf. 134. Had. Canada. Torrey. ," .. 114. C. pseudo-cyperus. L. — Schk.f. 102. Had. Cumberland Houie. Z)r JZtcAarcbon. Wri. C.trichocarpa. MuU.—Schk.f.HQ. Haii. British America. Torrey. 110. C. aristata. li. Br. — C. atherodes. Spreng. . Had. Carlton House. Dr Richardson. Cumberland House. DrtimmoMi. 117. C. longirostris. Torrey. Hau. Carlton House. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Divmmond. tt Perigynia villosa. 118. C. ttmbellata. Schk.f. 171. Hau. British America. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. i 19. C. Rossii (Boott); spica mascula 1, foemineis 4 bracteatis, superioribus approxi- mntis evnginatis, inferioribus subradicalibus longissime exserte pedunculatis, supremu se.ssili, omnibus laxe paucifloris, stigmatibus 8, perigyniis ovalibus utrinque attenuatis l):i'-i in stipitem productis longiuscule rostratis bifidis binervosis pubescentibus sqiinmatn ovato'lnnceolatam acutam subaequantibus. i{M\. N. W. Coast. Douglas. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Cnbni plurcs ex cadcm radicc, graciilimi, acutanguli, scabri, basi rudimentis foliorum purpureo-sanguineis tc'cti, (i-8 pollicarcs, supcrno nudi. Folia setacea vcl linean lata, culmo breviora vel longiora, supra papil- l')i>(>-scabra, margine apiceque triquetra, hispida, infra carinata ncrvoso-sulcatai vaginis stepe in filis rcticulatis rumpciitibus. liractea Toliacea', angustte, superiores evagiuato; culmum superantes ; inferiores vaginatuu Corex.] CYPERACEiB. 323 pedunculo suo multum brcviores. Spica mascula 4 lineas longa, 6-8 flora, brevi-pedunculata. squamis nb- longis nervo viridi, plus minus ferrugineis margino membranaceis, inflma stepo mucronata. Spica fmninece 4, 9ul) 5-tloroci flosculis altornis lazis ; duEC superiores in apicem culmi spicee masculce approximato!, cvaginatm, su- prema sessilig, altera brevi-pcdunculata ; duic inferiores remotie, una longissime exserto pedunculaU (pedunculo 4 poll, longo, bractea eo multum breviori initructa) altera (inHma) radicalis pedunculo pollicari bracteaque t>o paululum longiori suflulta, vel spicic superiores 3, approximatoD, suprema sessilis, altereo evaginata- brevi- pedunculattE, infima remota subradicalis longissimo oxserte pedunculata. Squanua ovato-lancoolatic, acuini- natoe, perigynia suboequantes, inferiores, plus minus hispido-mucronatoe iis longiores, nervo viridi, margine membranacca. Perigynium 1^ lin. longuni, § lin. latum, ovale, inequaliter biconvexum, e marginibus rostri hispidi ncrvis duobus approximatis notatum ; basi in stipite ferruginea productum, long^uscule hispido-rustra- tum bifidum, viride, pubesccns. Achenium stipitatum, f lin. longum, (cum stipite lineam longum) % lin. Iittuni, glaucum, triquetro-rotundum, obtusum, basi styli terminatum. Prox. C. umbellata. Schk. Differt inflorescentia, spicis laxi-paucifloris. 120. C. Pmnsylvanica. Lam. Enc. 3. 388. — C. marginata. Muhl. — Schk.f. 143. Hab. British America. Vr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. 121. C.varia. Muhl.— Schk./. 167. — 13. minor. C. Emmonsii. Dewey. Torrey.—C Nov£E Anglicc. Schw. — C. collecta. Dewey, Hab. British America. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—^, British America. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond, Greenland. Homemann, in Herb. Hooker. " C. deflexa." 122. C, concinna, B, Dr.—C, ornithopoda. Dewey. Torrey, Hab. Cumberland House to Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. N . VV. Coast. Douglas. Scouler. 123. C, Richardsoni, R, Br,— {Tab. CCXXIII.) Hab. Norway and Cumberland House. Dr Ricliardson, Drummond. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. N. W. Coast. Douglas, Tab. CCXXIII. Fig. 1, Perigynium and scale j / 2, Perigynium ; /. 3, Achenium : — magnified. 124. C.jfili/ormis. L.—Schk,f. 45.— C. striata. Mich, Hab. Norway House. Dr Richardson. Cumberland House. Drummond. 12.5. C, lanuginosa. Mich C. pellita. Mu/d,—Schk, f, 149, 150. Hab. Lake Mistassins. Mich. Canada to Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Columbia River. Scouler. 126. C, Houghtonii. Torrey. Hab. Lake La Biche. Houghton, Torrey. Hudson's Bay and Cumberland House. Dr Richardson. Drummond. \21. Cpidfescens, Muhl,— Schk,/. 126, Hab. Canada. Torres/. CYPERACE^. [Cong. ■[■f\ Perigj/nia Itnia. Spiett purpurea vel niyra. 128. C. rarijhra. Smith.— Eng. Bot. t. 2516.— C. limosa, y. Wahl. Hai. Lake MwtMwnf. Miehaux. Fort Fnnklin. Mackeniie Rifer. Dr Richardtm. 129. C. irrigua. Smith.— Hopper Car. Ger. t 02.— C. limosa. 0. WahL — C. pauper- cula. Mich. Hai. Norway Houie. Dr Richardson. 130. C, timosa. L.—Schh.f. 78. — C. laxa. Dewey. Hab. British America. Dr Richardton. Drummond. Rocky Mountains. Drumtnomd. Sitcha. Bon- iiard. N. W. Coait. Tolmie. 131. C. livida. fVilld.—Schh. /. 211— C. limosa, d. Wahl—C. Grayana. Dewey. Hab. Hudson's Bay. Carlton and Cumberland House. Dr Richardton, Drummond. Rocky Moun* tains. Drummond. Sitcha. Bongard. N. W. Coast. Tolmie. 132. C. miliaria. Mich. Hab. Canada. Lake Mistissinf. JlficXau^r, — an forma C /ttii apice triquetra acuta. Bracteet foliacete, fu8co>auriculats, Carex'"] CYPERACE^E. 885 evaginantes : inferiorci Ul ^ lin. lain; vulmum onquantet, tunum decrcicentci. Spica mateula 6-8 lin, long* i lin. lata, squamii oblongii obtuiU fuwii, nervo pallido. Spica famineee (rarius floiculis maicull* paudiiU inig apit-e iiistructo.-) -i-S, trc* ad octo lin. longw, 2 lin. lata), luperioret ovatoi icMiles et brevi-pedunculatw, infKriorei oltlongo-cylindricte longius pedunculativ, inflma lubromota nutani« baii laiiflora i iquamii nigro- fiiacis concnioribus, vcl nerro pallidiori ; inferloribut lanceolatii acutis perigynio longioribui, luperioribui ovatii acutiusculis oo brcvioribui. Perigynium 1^ lin. longum, ^ lin. latum, triquetrum, ellipticum vel ova- tiim, rostro nigro cylindrico, ore oblique indivito, nigro-fuacuni colore pallido variegatum. Achenium } lin. longum, % lin. latum, obovato-triquetrum, caituncuni, baai styli tcrminatum. 138. C. nigella (Boott) ; spicis masculis 2 inferiori bracteata squatnis lanceolatis mu- cronatis ferrugineis, fccmineis 2-3 spadiceis oblongis approximatis erectis pedunculatis bracteatis evaginatis, perigyniis triquetrocllipticis cylindrico-rostratis ore obliqiio biden- tato fuliginosis bosi pallidis squama nigra concolori lanceulata mucronata brevioribusi stigmatibus 3. Hab. Columbia River. Tolmie. Uadix rcpens, (ibris lignosis lanatis. Culmui subpedalii, acute ttiqueter, superno scabriiisculus, baai folia- tu8, foliia marcidis rudimentisque foliorum atriatia fuscia tectua, para apicaa gerena bipollicuria. Folia l-'2 lin. latai margino scabra, culmo brcviora (marcida culmum aubicquantia) apice triquetra acuta. Braclca foliacccc, nigro-auriculato.', evaginantea, inferior culmum icquana. Spices masculai 2, 4-6 lin. longiv, 2 lin. lattu ; aquamia fcrrugineia lanceolatia mucronatia. SpiccBfiemiiiem 2-3, apadiceo-purpureu; concolorea, ellip- tictu vcl oblongOD, baai attenuata-, 5-7 lin. longtu, 2 lin. latic, approximatoe, auperior tcaailia (uno oxemplo apice parce maacula), reliquo; pedunculatcc erects.', aquamia lanceolatia acutis mucronatia perigynio (priecipue inferioribus) longioribua. Perigynium 1} lin. longum, I lin. latum, triquetro-cUipticum, cylindrico-roatratum, oblique bidentatum, enervium, impresso-aaperatum, apadiceo-purpurcum baai pallidum. Achenium i lin. longum, ^ lin. latum, oblongo-obovatum, atraminco-pallidnm, baai atyli icquali tcrminatum.— Atl'. C Tolmiei, (iif. perigynio bidentato aquamia omnibus lanceolatia mucronatia, apicarum numero. tttt Spica viritles. 139. C. microatachya. Ehrh. — Schk.f. 11, Hab. Greenland. Homemann. Sprengcl. 140. C. supina. Wahl.—Schk.f. 41.— C. Schkubrii. Dewey. Hab. Bear Lake. Dr Richardton, Rocky Mounta ns. Dmmmond. Greenland. Homemann, in Herb, Hooker. 141. C, Oederi, Ehrh. — C. viridula. Mich, (sp ter. androgyna.) Hab. Hudaon's Bay. Michaux. Niagara. J, Carey. Lake Winnipeg. Drummond. 142. C.flava. L.— Schk.f. 86. Hab. Canada. Michaux. Newfoundland. Herb, Banks. Lake Winnipeg. Drummond. 143. C.fulva. Good, in Linn. Tram. 2. p. 178. Hab. Newfoundland. Goodenough, — It seems that Dr Goodenough actually constituted this species on VOL. II. 2 F 286 CYPERACEiG. [ Carix, AmerietD specimeni, and wai aAerwardi lurpriied to receive it m an Eogliih plant. I have detPeted a lolitary ipeoimen (in Herb, Hook.) from B. D. Oreene, Etq., which he ^therod at Tewlubury near Buiioii. It ha* never otherwiie been noticed by American botaniiti. 144. C. aurea. NtMnU.—Schw. tnon. t. 2b. f. 2— C. mutica. R. Br. H&i. Canada. Todd. Rocliy Mounlaioi. Drummond. Carlton Houac, Lake Winuipcy. Dr ilicAurd- MNt 145. C. palletcetu. L.—Schk.f. 99. Has. Carlton Houie. Dr Richardion. U6. C. granularis. Muhl.—Schk. f. \69. Hab. Q\ic\)ee. Mrs S/uppard. 147. Claxiflora. Lam.—Schk. f. 141. Hab. Canada. Torrey. 148. C. conoidea. Schk.f. 168. Hab. Canada. Todd. Torrey. 149. C. oHgocarpa. Schk.f. 170.— C. digitolis. mild.—C. Vleckii. Spretig. Hab. Canada. Torrey. 150. C.phaostachya. Smith.— C. panicea, /3. WaA/.— C. vagiimtai* 'i'«tt*cA.— C. sub- spathacea. IVornuh. Hab. Fort Noriuan. Mackenzie River. Dr Richardion. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Greenland. Uornemaiin. — C. refracia, Schk.f. 136, forsan forma hujus specie!. 151. C. ancepa. Muhl.—C. planlaginea. MuhL— Schk.f. 195.— /3, blanda. C. blaniia. Dewey. Hab. Cauiida. Mrs Sheppard. Carlton House. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Torrey. 152. C. planlaginea. Lam. Enc. 3. 398 C. latifoliu. Schk.f. 70. Hab. Norway and Carlton House. Drummond. 153. C. eburnea (Boott); spica mascula 1, fccmineis 3-4 erectis exserte pedunculatis subquiiiquefloris, superioribus masculam superantibus approximatis inferior! reinotu, stigmatibus 3, perigynils triquetro-obovatis fusco-olivaceis obsolete ncrvosis nitidis brevi crassiuscule rostratis ore hyalino oblique fisso squama latiori hyalinn obtusa longioribus. (Tab. CCXXV.) — C. alba. var. setifolia, Dewey. — C. paupercuia. Torrey (non Mich.). Hab. Mackenzie River. Cedar Lako. Fort Norman. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Ctespitosa. Radix late repens, iibris tcnuibus longis lignosii. Culmi plures v.t eadem cictpite, graclllimi, Cartx.] CYPERACEiE. 387 (eticei, oblusinguli, glubrii iiilctti, 4-I3 polliu«rci, nudl, fuliii longiorci. Folia } lin. lata, ob inrolutlonoin eximiam fctiicea, margino apiccquo trlqiietra icabra, baai vaginii rudimcntitquo foliorum pallida itraminoit toriii. Sjiiia maaculu 9 lin. Innga, ^ lin. lata, orecta, tub 8>flora, lubiCMili, lirovittimo Incliiie pcdunciilatu, (Vyi/a»/(/)/a'mi>i<;aialbo-liyalin(i'ibail norvoque pallide furruginpiL'. nblnmi', bnsi anqdcctcntci, pcrigynio latiom brcviorraqiic. Perigynium I lin. longum, lin, latum, virido, dcmnm fiisco-olivaccum, nitidum, obaolcto ncrvoium, triqnctro-oliovutum, ubruplo brcvi-rottratum, rostro criia- •iuscidn ore albo liyalino oblique Asao. Acfienium i lin. longum, { lin. latum, triquetro-eilipticuro, nitidum, riiBco-olivacoum.— Proximnm aflinitatom cum C alba, Scnp, habot, fed omnibus partibua minor. C. alha, foliis latioribua, perigyniis I/} lin. longia, £ lin, latia cllipticia (nee abruptc roatratia) atriatn-ncrvoaia, aquuniia fii'mineia nculia, apica maacula longe cxacrto pcdunculata gaudct. C paupercula, Mich. " apiculia pcndulia, fa'mineis aubgloboaia, aquamia ncutlaaimia, capaulia brcvioribuH muticia" ad C. irriyuam rcrcrenda, fide nmiciaa. C. Lo Mann, o apec. aulhcnlic. In Herb. Poria. rcgali uaacr- vato. Hab. Mackenzie River. Cedar Lake. Fort Norman. Dr likhanhon, Itoeky Munntaina, JSrumNicinf/, Tad. CCXXV. Fig. 1, Female Flower j /. a, Perigynium ; / 8, Acheniiim :— magnified. 154. C. capillar is. L Schh.f.bd. Hab. Furt Norman. Bear Lake. Dr Richardson. Rockv Mounlaina. JJrummoml. 155. C.Jlexilis. Rudge, in Lin. Tram. 7. t. 10./. 1. — C. blepharopliorn. Gray. Torrei/. Had. Newfoundland, lludge. 15G. C, arctata (Doott) ; spicn mnscula 1 cylindrical fccmineis 3-4 grncilibus loNifluiis bnsi attenuatis longc exserte pedunculntis nutantibus remotis, stiginntibus 3, perigyniis ellipticis triquetris nervosis brevi-rostratis ore bidentoto squomn ovntn ncuminatn mucru- niUa longioribus. — C. sylvaticn. Detvey. Torrey, Hab. Canada. Goldie. Todd. Torrey. C^iilmus sub I ^ pedalia, gracilis, supcrne actaccua arabcr, basi vaginis nigro-purpnrcis tcctiia, infrrnc folintii?. Folia l-i\ lin. lata, supcriua sub 7-pollicare culmo brcvius, deorsum brcviora, supra margincquc sciilirn. Uractea folJHCca, vaginans, culmo brevier, sursum angustior drmum aotaeca apica brevior. Spica iiiascii/n ()-l.'l lin. longu, | lin. lata, pcduneulata, busi laxiflora, squamis lanccolatis, medio viiidibus siiblriiicrviis niiir- gino all)o-membranaceo, infcrioribus laxis apice attenuatis vcl mucronatis ciliatis. Spica faminicp 9-4 rcmutii', l-'i poll. longic, 1} lin. latic, gracilea, sctacco-pedunculattr, nutantes, laxifloric, bati floaculis rcmotiuaculu altornis attcnuatn;, squamis ovatis aeuminatis mucronatis, medio viridibus ncrvosit marginc albo-mcmbranuci'ij. Pedunculi selarci, scabri, vaginas longo supcrantcs. Perigynium )J lin. longum, $ lin. latum, cllipticiiin. triquetrum, distinctc nervosum, glabrum* viridc demum olivaccum, brevi-stipitatum, ore bidentnto vcl bifldu. Achenium 1 lin, longum, \ lin. latum, oblongo-triquetrum, olivaceo-stramineum, basi styli npicnliitum. Diifert C. lylvalied, Huds. habitu tenuiori, spicis foemincia laxifloris basi attenuatis gracilioribus, perigyniis nervosis rostro multum broviori, squamis foemincia ovatis. 157. C. lacustris. IVilld. Schk.f. Hab. Lake Winnipeg. Cumberland House. Dr llichardson. 988 CYPERACEiB. itUioehari$. 158. C. amplifolia (Boott); ipica mucuin 1 longiHima p«Hlunculat« fcemineis 4-5 rylindricis longissimii remotis rolinceo>I cumvolvontei ; infiTlorot A-7 Hn. lalif, culmum lupcrnntet, llgula fcrruglnca obtuaa. Spiai maicula S-MJ poll. loiigAi I \ tin. lula, cbractoata, o ipica fuiminca lupcriori interirallo leiquipolliimrl remola : iquamii Ian- ceoUtit, ferrugiueii, ncrvu viridi infra iipiccm obluiam membranacco-alliam ovancicontc. Spicm Jirmintat ^•i ervctm, inter to intcrvullii pollicaribui ut 3-O.poHicaribut rcinoliL' : aupcrior icttiiit, I ^ poll, longa : i«> liquii' prdun(;ulalu' ; diiu' inrcriorct 3-4 poll, longii', bnii laxilloru', longini poiliinculntii' : oinnct 1^ lin. lata', ferruginoa', cum mBtcnlii concolorci, tijuaniis unguttii, ncrvo viridi, infcrioriljuii longe biipido-ariilalii. mar- ginibnt incurvit. Peiluneuli triquciri, scabri ; inferior 3-pallicarii. Perujijnium (tlorifcruni) 1 lin, longum, ^ lin. latum, iquamii tcrtii't brovint, .V/iV;. 3, longiiiiinn. ./IrAeni'um immaturum. Tab. CCXXVI. rinus inonoicus. Sm. Engl. Hot. t. 1410. — /j. spica bracteis squamisqiie Intiuribusi stylo mngis exserlo, foliis atigustioribtis. Hab, Dry banks uftlie Kocky Mountains, a. 0, Hocky Mouutaint; with Carex Bachii. Drummoml. a. ELEOCHARIS. Br. 1. E.palustris. Br — Rich. App. p. 2. Torrey, Cyp.p. 299.— Scirpus, L — E. Dot. t. 131. — /3. minor : spica ovata. — y. degenerata: bi-triuiicialis, spica minima 3-5-tlorn. Hab. Throughout Canada to Bear Lake, and from Hudton't Bay to the Pacific Ocean j varying mucli in ti7.e from 4 or 6 inches to more than two feet,— fl, and y. Saskatchawan. Drummond. Lake Huron. Dr Todd. 2. E. mullicatdis. Sm Hook. Br. Fl. ed. 4. p. 27. Scirpus multicaul. E. Bot, t. 1 187. — S. palustris (3, L. Hab, Saskatchawan and Red Rivers. Douglas. Columbia River. N. W. Coast. Tolmi*,—\ can tee no ditferencc between this and the European plant of the same name. •Seirjmi,] CYPERACE/«. 98U 3. E.pauc\fiora. Link,— Hook. Br. Ft. td. 4. p. 98— Scirpui. E. Bot. I. 1 198.— ijcirpu» Baeothryon. Ehrh. Hav. Muddy iwainiM and mU marihei in th« Rockr Motinulnt. DrummoHd.-^Vny few ipcolment of this *ro ill the H«rlmriiiin ; yot Mr Drummond remarlu In liiji notof, " hortet are extrenely fund of thia planl," whicli would imply that it wai very fre(|uont in that country. It precifely accords with European ipecimeni. 4. E. cagpitoaa. Link Hook. Br. Fl. td. 4. p. 99 — Scirpuit. E. Bot. t. 1029. Torr. Cyp.p. 819. Rich. App. p. 2. Hm. Newfoundland. Cormack, Labrador. Mini Brenlon. Throug^liout Canada, to near tho ahorta of the Arctic lea, und hi iwuinpt of the Rocky Mnuntuin*. Dr Richardton. Drummond. J. E. obtum. Schullea.—Hook, el Am. Bot. of Beech. Voyi p. 28. Torr. Cyp. p. 30.). — Scirpus. fVilld.S. capitnlus. H'dlf. {not L.). — S. ovntus. I'h. Hab, Etchemia, Ciuiada. Mrs Shep/iard. Saikatchawun. J)r Richardton, Drummond. 6. E. acicularis. Br.— Torr. Cyp. p. 308.— Scirpus. L.—E. Bot, t, 749. Gfray, Gram, it Cyp. Part. II. n. 133. — S. trichodes et S. cnpillaceus. Muhl. Had. Hudson's Hay and Red River. Doiigla$. Sasknlchawan. Dr Richardton. Drummond. Furt Vancouver. Tolmie.—The culms are generally longer and more slenderi and the scales of the dowers whiter than in the European specimens. 4. SCIRPUS. L, Dr. 1. S. suhterminalis (Tort.) ; culmo (immcrso) filiformi tereti basi foliuto,spica oblongo- liinceulata (emcrsn) bractea busilari breviore, squamis ovato-lanceolatis, n'uce triangular! nbrupte acuminata, stylo 3-fido. Torr. Cyp.p.Sll. Gray, Gram.et Cyp. Part II. n. 81. HAh. Uccp Standing pools of the Rocky Mountains, near the head-waters of the Columhia. Drummond. — Culma 2-3 feet long, flaccid, scmipellucid. 2. S. lacustris. E. Bot. t. 680. Gray, Gram, et Cyp, Part II. n. 136. Rich, App. ed. 2. p. 2. Torr. Cyp. p. 321.— S. acutUH. Muhl.S. volidus. Fahl, et Ph. Hab. Hritisli America, as far north as lat. j7^. Dr Hichnrdson. Marshes of the Rocky Mountains ; the food of the Musk-rat during winter. Drummond. Mouth of the Columbia, N. W. America, wiierc tho Indian tribes near tlie aca wcavo it into mats. Douglas. Li'' Fuea. Dr Scolder, 3. S. triqueter. L E. Bot. t. 1694. Torr. Cyp. p. 322— S. Americanus. Pers.— Gray, Gram, el Cyp. Part II. n. 135. — S. pungens. Vahl. — S. tenuitblius. De Cand. (se- cund. spec, ex Un. Itin.) — S. mucronatus. Ph. Hab. Marshes of the Saskatchewan. Dr Richardton. Drummond. Missinabie River. Canada. Bulton. Throughout North America to tho Arctic regions. Dr Torrey.— The specimens in my possession are not numerous, and they are Invariably smaller, more leafy, and have longer leaves than our British plaut of the same 980 CYPERACE^. [Eiiophorum. name ; while they precise))' correipond with the Unio Itinemria specimens of S. tenuifolius, from tlio Tute dc Bo lie near Bordeaux. •i. S. maritimus. L, — E. Bot. t. 542. Rich. App. ed, 2. p. 2. Gray, Gram, et Cyp. Part I. n. 82 (in part). — S. ninriliinus, ^. macrostacliyos. Mich, — S. macrostachyos. Muhl. — S. robustus. Ph. < Had. Marshes (salt ?) of the Saskatchanan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. New Brunswick. Mr Ken- dall. De Fuca, and liie N. W. Coast. Douglas. Dr Scolder. — Varying much in the brcadtli of the foliage, and size of the spikes ; the variety, with the larger spikes, seems to constitute tlio iS. macrostacliyos of authors. J. S. atro-virens. Muhl. — Gray, Grant, et Cyp. Part II. n. 137. Torr. Cyp. p. 326. — S. polyplij'llus. Ph. Hab. Saskatchawau. Drummond. — I find only one specimen, which, in llie densely glomeratcd spikclets, satisfactorily agrees with the S. atro-virens of American authors. But even this apponrs to me to be scarcely distinct from our European ,S'. sylvaticus. 6. S. lenticularis (Torr.) ; culmo obscure triangulari folioso, uinbella deconipositii, in- volucro 3-phyllo, spiculis oblongo-ovatis in capitulos {b-8 in capitulo) glomeratis, squatnis ovatis vix inucroi.atis glabris, stylo bifido, mice orbicular! lenticulari nngulis acutis setis •1 rectis breviore. Torr. Cyp. p. 328. Hab. Observatory Inlet, N. W. America. Dr Scouler, — Nearly allied, as Dr Torrcy well observes, to S. sylvaticus, (indeed I think it can hardly be specifically distinct from tliat species, or atro-virens), " but liirtcrs in its larger spike, lenticular nuts, diandrous flowers, and bifid style."— The true 6". si/lvaticus has a lenticular seed, and the other characters are perhaps variable. 7. S. sylvaticus. L E. Bot. t. 919. Mx. Ph — Rich. App. ed. 2. p. 2. Hab. Canada and Hudson's Bay {Mx.), to lat. 57", and to the head-waters of the Cohanbia in the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Sitcha. Merlens. 8. S. (Trichophorum) Eriophormn, Mx. — Torr.Cyp.p. 330. — S. thyrsifloriis. IVilld. — Tricliophorum cyperinum. Pers. Ph. — Eriopliorum cyperinum. Willd. Hab. Hudson's Bay. Canada to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson, Drummond. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. 5. ERIOPHORUM. L. "Spike Solitary. 1. E. alpinum. L.—E. Bot. t. 311. Gray, Gram, et Cyp. Part I. n. 87. Biyef. Ft. Bast. ed. 2. p. 23. — E. Hudsonianum. Mx. — Trichoplioruni alpinum. Ph. — T. Ilud- sonianuni. Nutt. Hah. From Hudson's Bay to Lake Mistassins. Mx. — I possess mountuiu-specimcns of t'liis plant from the United States ; but I have never had the good fortune to see any from British North Auicriia, n')r do 1 know the authority for it, save that of Michauz above quoted. EriopAorum.} CYPERACE^. 231 2. E. vaginatum. L. — E. Bot. t. 873. Rich. App, ed. 2. p. 2. — Gray, Gram, et Cyp. Part I. n. 88 E. cscspitosum. Host, Gram, t, 38. Ph. — /3. foliis culmo duplo breviori- bus. — y. perigynii pilis fulvis. Hab. Newfoundland. Mr Cormach. Canada {Mrs Perceval) to Fort Enterprise. Dr Richardson. Dnimmond.—li. Saskatchavran. — y. Newfoundland. Mr Cormach. Lake Huron. Dr Todd. — This is cer- tainly a highly variable species, not only in the length of the leaves, which are generally shorter, though sometimes twice as long as the culms, but also in the spikes, which, according to some of Mr Drummond'a specimens, do vary not only in the length of the hairs, but also in the form of the spike, being sometimes oblongo-ovatc, and sometimes spherical. Thus I am not surprised at Dr Torrey, who remarks in his valu- able account of North American Cyperacece, that E. capitatum is very difficult to be distinguished from E. vaijinatum. 3. E. capitatum. Host,— Engl. Bot. t. 2387. Br. App. to Parry's \st Voy. p. 284. Hook, in Parry's 2d Voy. p. 407. — E. Scheuchzeri. Roth E. Clmmissoi. Mert. in Mem. Acad. Petersb. 6th Ser. 1. p. 203./. 3. Torr. Cyp. p. 237.— 13. foliis scabris — E. callithrix. Cham, et Mey. Cyp. Nov. in Mem. Acad. Petersb. 6th Ser. 1. p. 203. t. 23. Hab. Labrador. Miss Brenton. Newfoundland. Mr Cormach. From Quebec {Mrs Sheppard) to tin- swamps on tho summits of the Rocky Mountains {Drummond), and to the Arctic coasts and islands. J)r Richardson, Unalasehka. Chamisso. — 13. St Lawrence, Behring's Straits. — See the remarks on the pre- ceding species. My authentic specimen of E. Chamissoi precisely accords wiih E. capitatum. ** Spihes several. 4. E. Virginicum. L. — Mx. — PA. — Gray, Gram, et Cyp. Part I. n, 89. Hab. Canada to the Saskatchawan. Mrs Sheppard. Dr Richardson. — Readily distinguished by its nearly sessile spikes, and constantly tawny hairs. .'). E. polystachyon. L. — E. Bot. t. 563. Ph.— Hook, in Parry's 2d Voy. p. 407. Gray, Gram, et Cyp. Part I. n. 90. Torrey, Cyp. 339.— E. polyst. ^. Rich. Hab. Canada to the Rocky Mountains, and to the Arctic sea-shore and islands. 6. E. angustifolium. Roth.—E. Bot. t. 564. Ph.— Br. in Parry's 1st Voy. App. p. 274. Hook, in Parry's 2d Voy. p. 407. Rich. App. ed. 2. p. 2. — E. tenetluin. Nutt. — E. poly- stachyon var. tenellum. Gray, Gram, et Cyp. Part I. n. 91. Hab. Canada to Arctic America. — I have the same difficulty in determining the limits of the many-spiked Eriophora of North America, as regards those of Britain (as expressed in Brit. Flora, ed. 4. p. 30), E. Virginicum alone excepted. Dr Torrey indeed observes, that tho present species is easily distinguisheil from E. polystachyon by its narrow triangular leaves, one-leaved involucre, and narrow nut. This is the case with the extreme states of the plant ; but Dr Torn, proceeds, " Mr Brown thinks that the Arctic plant, collectcil in Parry's 1st voyage, may prove a distinct species, between E. angustifolium and E. polystachyon;" and further, " he notices two varieties of it, one with smooth, the other with scabrous peduncles,"— thus ap- pearing to include the E.pubescens of Smith. 232 CYPERACEiE. [Cjfperus. 7. E. gracile. Both — E. Bot. t. 2408. Hook, in Parrot 2d Voy. p. 407. Torrey, Cyp. ;:>. 241. — £. triquetrum. Hoppe. .^v Had. Saikatcbawan to Arctic America. Dr Richardton. Drummond. Ca;)<. Par;^.— Specimens of this cniirely accord with the E. gracile of Europe, and yet scarcely differ, except in being more slender in every part, from the preceding. 8. E. strictum (Br.); spicis pedunculatis involucre brevioribus, squamis acutiiisculis tenuissime ciliatis, foliis strictis planis apice triquetro, culmo teretiusculo. lir. in Rich. App. ed. 2. p. 3. Torrey, Cyp. p. 342. Hav. Subarctic America. Dr Richardson. — " Dubia species, E, tenello (,^^lllt.) proxima." Br. — I am \inacquainted with this plant. 0. DULICHIUM. Richard. 1. D. spathaceum. Pers. — PA. — Gray, Gram, el Cyp. Part II. n. 131. Torr. Cyp. p. 247. — Schocnus. L, — Scirpus. Mx. — Cyperus. L. — 18. humilius: foliis brevioribus, spiculis subdecemiloris. D. Canadense. Ph. Hab. Canada to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond, 7. CYPERUS. L. 1. C. diandrus. Torr. Cyp. p. 251. Gray, Gram, et Cyp. Part I. n. 70. Hab. Canada. Goldie. ' • 2. C. occidentalis (Torr.) ; culmis dense csespitosis brevibus, foliis planis, umlwllo? radiis brevibus compactis, spiculis arete aggregatis in capitulos ovatos inferioribus com- positis, squamis ovatis acutiusculis membranaceis, stylo ad apicem 3-fido, nuce ovnta compresso-triangulari. Torr. Cyp. p. 259. Hab. N. W. Coast of America. Douglas,— K dwarf tufted species, the culms scarcely 2 inches long. 3. C.strigosus. L.— Ph.— Torr. Cyp. p. 261. Hab. Upper Canada. Ooldie. Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. 4. C. repeiu. Ell, — Torr. Cyp. /?. 264. — C. pliymatodes. Muhl. — Gray, Gram.et Cyp, Part I. n. 73.— C. tuberosus. Ph. Hab. Upper Canada. Goldie. 5. C. inflexus. Muhl. — Gray, Gram, et Cyp. Part I, n, 68. Torr. Cyp. p, 21 A C. uncinatus. Ph. — C. pygmaeus. NuU. Hab. Saskatchawan and Lake Winnipeg. Dr Richardson, Drummond. Alopecurus.] GRAMINEJ!. 233 6. RHYNCHOSPORA. Vahl. • ''■ 1. R. alba. Vahl — Ph.— Gray, Gram, et Cyp. Part 1. n. 92. Torr. Cyp. p. 213. Schcenus albus. L Mx. — E. Bot. t. 985. ... • Hab. Canada, ( 2'orre^). Newfoundland. Miis Brenlon. /> 2. E. glomerata. Vahl.—Ph. — R. capitellata. VaM. — Ell, — Schoenus glomeratus. L. Hab. Canada, {Torrey). Ord. XX. GRAMINE^E. Juss. I. Oryze£. Kth. 1. LEERSIA. L. » 1. L. Virginica. Willd. — Torr, FLp, 74. Hab. Canada. Beck. Goldie. 2. L. oryzoides. Sw. — Host, Gram. \. p. 35. Ph, — Torr. Fl.p, 75. — Asprella. Lam. Hab. Canada to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. 2. HYDROPYRUM. Link. 1. H. csctdentum. Link. — liut/t. — Zizania aquatica. Zr. — Lamb, in Linn. Tr. 1. p. 26i. t. 13. — Z. palustris. L. Mant. — Z. clavulosa. Mx. Hab. Canada. Ph. Lake Huron. Dr Todd. 2. H.ffluitans, Kth. Gram, 1. 7. — Zizania. Mx. — Hydrochloa Carolinensis. Beauv. Hab. Lakes Clmmplain and the St Lawrence. Mjc.—I have never Been this species. II. Phalarid££. Kth. 3. ALOPECURUS. L. 1. A. genicidatus. L. — E. Bot. t. 1250. Torr. Fl. p. 97. (excl. var. /3.) Hab. Canada. Mx. Columbia. N. W. America. Douglas. 2. A. aristulatus. Mx. — A. subaristatus. Ph. — A. geniculatus |3. Torr. Fl.p, 37. — A. fulvus. Sm, — Kth, Hab. Canada to Bear Lake. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Abundant on the N. W. coast, in swampy grounds. Douglas. VOL. II. 2 G S84 ORAMINB^ Hitroehlo*. 3. A. prateruis. L E. Dot. t. 759. PA.— Ibrr. Fl. p. 87. H*B. NewfbandlMd. Or Morriton,— In all probability introduced. 4. A. alpinus. Sm. — E. Dot. t. 1126. Br, in. Parry's \8t Voy. p. 184. Rich. App. ed. 2. p. 8. Hook, in Parry's 2d Voy. App. p. 184. Hab. Rockjr Mountainf, and upon the Arctic Ma-ahoras and islands. Dr Rkhardion. Drummond. Parry. Kotzebue'i Sound. Beechey. 4. PHLEUM. L. 1. P.pratense. L E. Bot. t. 1076. Ph Torr. Fl.p. 38. Hab. Newfoundland. Mits Brenton. Saskatchawan. Drummond. Corn-iielda at Fort Vancouver. Dr Gairdner. 2. P. tilpinum. L. — E. Bot. t. 519. — P. commutatum. Gaud. — $. viridius. Hab. Summits of the Rocky Mountains, Drummond. Sitcha. Bongard. — /3, Branches of the Columbia in the Rocky Mountains. Douglas. Greenland. Homemann. 5. PHALARIS. L. 1. P. arundinacea. L. — E. Bot. t. 402. Mx. — PA. — P. Caroliniana. Walt. — Calama- grostis colorata. St6. 102. Hab. Canada. Goldie. 3. M. Cinna. Trin.— Gray, Gram, et Cyp. Part I. n. 16.— Agrostis. Lam.— Ph.— Cinna arundinacea. Willd.—Mx.—Torr. Fl. p. 9^.— Kth. Hab. Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. 4. M. pendula {Bong.) ; panicula laxa pendula, glumis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis suboequalibus perianthium obtusiusculum subaequantibus. Bong. Veget. Silcha, p. 54. Hab. Sitcha. Bongard. 238 ORAMINEiE. [ Vitfa. 14. PHIPPSIA. Br. ' 1. P. algida. Br. in Rom' Voy. ed. 2. v. p. 191. Br. in Parrffa Ist. Voy. App. p. 185. Hook, in Parries 2d Voy. — Agrostis. Soland. in Phippa' Voy. — WaM. Lapp. p. 25. t. 1. — Vilfa algida. Trin. Ic. t. 83. Hab. Melville and other arctic islandi. Parry. Greenland. Phippt. Homtmann. 2. P. monandra. Trin. in N. Entdek. 2. p. S7.— Vilfa. Trin. Ic. t. 84. Hook, et Am. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 132. — Phippsia algida. 0. monandra. Kth. Hab. Tichutlci. Nelson. Kotzebue'i Sound and Bay of St Lawrence. Chamiuo. Buchey. 16. COLPODIUM. Trin. 1. C. latijblium. Br. in Ros^ Voy. Br. in Parry' a \at Voy, App. p. 186. Hook, in Parry'a 2d Voy. App. p. 28. cum Ic. Hai. Arctic iea-coa(t and islandi. Dr Kiehardion, Parry. 2. C. arundinaceum. — Vilfa, Trin. Diat. — Gram, Ic. t. 55. Hook, et Am. in Bot. of Beech. Voy, p, 131. — Colpodium latifolium /3. Kth, Hab. Kotzebue's Sound. Betchey, Cumberland Houae Fort, and Hudion's Bay. Drummond. Bear Lake to the tborea of the Arctic Sea. Dr Richardson, — Of this little linown grass, Dr Richardson has the following description in his notes made on the recent plant—" Calyx of 2 unequal valves, which are ovato- lanceolate, boat-shaped, concave, scarcely acuminate, compressed, quite smooth and entire, reddish-brown and shining ; smaller valve half the size of the other. Corolla of 2 nearly equal valves, of similar colour and consistence with the calyx, equal to, or rather longer than the larger valve of tho calyx ; its outer valve em- bracing the inner, and a little longer : both obtuse, compressed, serrulated at the keel, otherwise smooth, somewhat membranaceous at the margin and edges, and there entire. Stameru3, Styles 2? perhaps united. Stigmas plumose, branching ? Seed loose. This seed appears to be oblong, and there are 2 or 3 lanceo- late, pointed membranaceous scales. — I should be disposed to refer it to Cinna, if it had only one stamen and one style ; as it is, it possesses all the characters of Vilfa or Colpodium." 3. C, pauciflorvm ; panicula erecta spicceformi angusta pauciiiorai gluma pcrianthium superante uniflora cum rudimento pedicellato, valvis subocquantibus acutissimis carina superne proecipue aspera unifloris, perianthioobtuso valvis apice dorso marginibusque as- perulis, foliis lineari-acuminatis subrigidis siccitate complicatis vel marginibus involutis. Hab. Between Fort William and Cumberland House Fort. Dr iZtcAari/jon.— Smaller and much slenderer than C. latifolium, with a very narrow few-flowered panicle, the floret of a much paler and greener hue, the illumes sharper and constantly longer than the perianth ; and there is always a distinct but abortive pedicel- late floret present, arising from the base of the inner valve of the perfect one. 17. VILFA. Beauv. 1. V, cuspidata (Torr. mst.) ; culmis numerosis gracilibus vaginisque glabris, foliis Agroiti$,'\ ORAMINEiE. 23i) subdistichis angustis invohuis tenuissitne elongatis, paniculis elongatis anguitfssimis ex- sertis, glumis subocqualibus acutissimia carina scabris unifloris absque rudimento, pc- riantbii exserti valvula exteriori paululum longiore trinervi cuspidata. Hab. Danki of the Saskatchawan, near the Rocky Mountaini. Drummond. Plaiiii of the Red River. Dougla»,—Mt Drummond'i specimen! arc named V, euspidala by Dr Torroy, and coniidered by him a new speciei. Ill nearest affinity it with V. vagiHi/lora, Torr. (in Oray, Oram. «t Cyp, Part I, n, S.J and P, involuta, Torr. (a Oray, Gram, et Cyp. I. c. n, 4.) i the foliage and habit bearing a coniiderable reiemblance, but the panicle it much elongated, the flowert imaller, more rigidi and oonaiderably different in itmcture. — V. clandeitina {.Spr.,and Torr. Fi. p. 00), agrees with this in so many respects, that I am not sure that they are really distinct ; but my authentic specimens of T, clandeitina are in a very imperfect state. 2. F. tenacissima. H. B. K.— Trin. Gram. Ic. t. 60. Sporobolua. Beauv. — Agrostis. Jacq. ^.fuscicolor ; panicultc ramis longioribus glumis valde inoequalibus. Hab. 0 Common on Menzies' Island, N. W. America, and on the higher parts of the Columbia River. —There is only one specimen of this plant, which may probably prove distinct from that to which I haw referred it. The culms and foliage sufficiently accord, however, and the panicle is very similar ; but tho branches are longer, the flowerB rather larger, more deeply coloured and brown, and the valves of the calyx (or glume) very unequal. Indeed in the United States specimens of the true V. tenaeiitima, I flml the calyx valves much more unequal than is represented in tho figure of Trinius, or described in Dr Torrey's Flora. 18. AGROSTIS. L. 1 . A. alba. L. E. Bot. 1. 1 189 — Ph.— Torr. Fl. p. 85 var ? valvula flosculi e medio dorso setigera. Nees. in Herb, nostr. Hab, var. Moist ground and banks of streams near the confluence of the Columbia River. Douyln*.— Certainly this plant has so exactly the appearance of our well-known Agroitii alba, that we hardly dare venture to consider it distinct, although the bark of the valve of the corolla constantly bears a slender awn rather longer than the flower, and very conspicuous. The valves of tho glumes too are very rough on the keel. — The European A. aWa has sometimes a short awn from the corolla. 2. A. vulgaris. Sm. E. Bot. t, 1671.— PA.— Torr. Fl.p. 85. — A. polymorpha. Hxida. — Gray, Gram, et Cyp. Part 11. n. 108. Hab. Common on banks of streams, N. W. Coast. Douglas. Observatory Inlet. Dr Scouler, 3. A. exarata (Trin.) ; radice fibrosa, culmis erectis simplicibus vaginieque sulcato- striatis et glabris, foliis linearibus acuminatis planis retrorsum scabris, panicula ramosa erecta contrncta, ramis semiverticillatis adpresso-erectis hispidis, glumis acuminatis carina denticulatis florem muticum dupio superantibus, superiore paulo breviore. Trin. Gram. Unifl. 205. Ej'iisd. Ic. t. 27. Bong. Veg. de Sitcha, p. 52.— 13. minor ; perianthio univalvi. A. Drummondi. Torrey, mst. Hab. Unalaschka. ChamisBO. Sitcha. Bongard.—^. Valleys of the Rocky Mountains, on the east and on the west side of the dividing ridge. Drummond. Douglas. — The var. fi. is probably a distinct species ; but knowing how sportive are the flower* of several specie* of Agrostis, I prefer coniideiing it a var. of A. ■swr* ■■■—.-■ ^.utrmumaiiimmmrwiiim^'" „-»^'^* 340 ORAMINE^. C Calamagroitit. exarala. The plant ii imaller, and the laavei thorler i jret the flowen leem entirely to corretpond, eicept In the abionco of ono of the valvei of the corolla. Dr Torrey calls it A. Drummondi, nut,, but remuTki iti cloic affinity with A. exarala, Trin. and the one-vaUed corolla. According to Hongard, the A, exarala it lomctiinea furniihed with nn awn ariting from above the middle of the inner valve of the corollit. 4. //. rubra. L. — JVahl. Lapp.— Trin. Gram. Ic. f. 33. Hab. Millbank Sound. N. W. Coait America. JIfr ro/miV. 5. A. canina. L.—^. melaleuca. Bong. Veget. de Sitcha, p. 52.— j3 Sitchn Bongnrd. Hab. Sunimiti of the Rocky Mountains. — These specimens are scarcely a span high, tlio glumes purple black, tlio corolla almost white. Our specimens exhibit no awns from the corolla, a state in which Dongard also found the plant in Sitcha. «. A. laxijfora. Rich. Ajrp. ed. Q.p. 3 A7A._Triclioditie. Mx Ph.— Torr. Fl.p. 83. — Agrostis Miclinuxii. Trin, — Gray, Gram, et Ojp. Part I. n. 17, — Tricliodium decum- bus. Mx. — T. tcabruni. Muhl. Hau. Burnt woods and dry Prairies, from Canada (Ooldie), lo the Saskatchawan, and to Bear Lake. J)r Richardson. Drummand. Common in dry open grounds, near the Pacific Ocean. Douglai. It VI. Arundinacea:. Kth. 10. CALAMAGROSTIS. Adaiu, 1. C. Canadensis. Beauv. — Torr. Syn. Fl. ined. Gray, Gram, el Cyp. part I. n. 18. {not Nutt.and Trin,) — Arundo Canadensis. Mx. — Calomagrostis Mexicana. Nutt. Had, Marshes and shady woods of the Saskatchawan to the Rocky Mountains. IJr Richardion, Drum, mondi and to Bear Lake. Dr Richardton. Kotzcbue's Sound. Beechey. 2. C. coacrtata. Torr. Syn. Fl. ined. Gray, Gram, et Cyp, Part I. n. 19. — C. Cuiin- densis. NitU. Richard. App. ed, 2. p, 3. Trin. Gram. Unifl.p. 227. /. 4./. 14. Hab. Woody Country. Dr Richardton. Quebec. Mri Perceval. Nutka and Fort Vancouver, N. W. Coast. Dr Scolder. . . 3. C. stricta. Nutt.— Rich. App. ed. 2. p. 3 — Arundo. Sm. E. Bot. t. 2164.— A. ne- glecta. Jihrh. Had. Saskatchawan to the Rocky Mountains, and to English River. Dr Richardson. Drummond, Ob- servatory Inlet, N. W. Coast. Dr Scouler. 4. C. purpurascens (Br. in Richard. App. ed. 2. p. 3.) ; panicula spicatn, glumis scabris, perianlliii valvula inferiore scabra apice 4-dentata dorso aristata, rudimento plumoso villis baseos dupio longiore. J3r._i)esvauxia. Kth. Gram. t. 77. — C. sylvatica. Trin. {fide Torr.) Hab. Rocky Mountains and Arctic sea-shore. Dr Richardton, Drummond, Phrayinile).] GRAMINE^. S41 5. C. longtfoliai Inivissima, foliis anguste linearibui longissime acuminatiuimis, panicula erecta atricta siibspicatn, glutnic valvig inoequulibu* periantliium ocutum muticum super- antibus, villis perianthio brcvioribus. Ha II. Satkatchawan. Drummond.—A. ipeciei remarkable for the groat length of Itf leavei, eiceediog th« cuhii, tapering into a long, ilonder apci, and for the pale, very imooth, glotiy flowen. The bue of the culm lendi out creeping ihooti. 6. C. strigoaa (Bong,)i glumis ccqualibut lineari-lanceolatis acuminatU perianthio j longioribus, valvula superiori inferiore ^ breviori, pills perianthio paulo minoribus (inter- diim longitudinc valvulos superioris), seta infra medium (aut medio) exserta valvulam inferiorem icquante, processu barbato. Bong. Veget. de Sitcha, p. 63. — Arundo strigosa ? Wahl.—R.etS. Hab. Sitcha. Bongard, 7. C. Akutica (Trin.); glumis subocqunlibuslanceolatisacutisperianthiiim aequantibus valvulis o-qualibus, pilis perianthio | ct ultra brevioribus, seta pi. min. medio exserta vnlvula breviori, processu barbato, pilis perianthio 2-3-4-plo brevioribus. Bong. Veget, de Sitcha, p. 53. Hab. Unalaichka. Chammo. Sitcha. Bongard.— Very near C. coarelata. Ton. 20. AMMOPHILA. Hoit. 1. A. arundinacea, Host, Gram. 4. p. 24. t. 41. — Arundo arenaria, L. — E. Bot.t. 520. Mx. — Psamma, Beauv. — Ihrr. Fl. p. 05.— Calamagrostis, Roth. — Gray, Gram, et Cyp. Part I. «. 21. Hab. Canada. Ph. 21. GRAPHEPHORUM. Desv. 1. G. meticoidea, Beauv. Agr. 77. t. \b.f. 8. — Aira. Mx. — PA. — Triodia, Spr. Hab. Canada. Mx. 22. PHRAGMITES. Trin. 1. P. communis, Trin.—Kth.—Torr. Fl.p. 103.-— Arundo Phragmites, L.—E. Bot. t. 401. Hab, Canada. Ph. Saikatchanan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Columbia. Douglat. VOL. 11. 2u 94S ORAMINEiC. IDypimlia. VII. Chloridix. Kth. au. SPAKTINA. Se/irtb. 1. S. q/noiuroidta, }Vitttl.—Gray, Gram, ct Cyp. Part II. n. 101.— Limnetii, Rich. — Ph. — Trachynotii. Mx, H*i. Ctmd*. PA. 8. S. polystachya, WiUd.—Gray, Gram, el Cyp. Part II. n. 102.— Trachynotii, Mx, — Limnetii, Ph, Hab. Canada. Mrs Shtppard. Snikatchawan to Slave Lake. Dr HichariUon. DrumMond.—Dr Am Gray keep* these two Spartina diitinct, in h'u valuable Oram, ct Cyji. Americ, i — but I rathvr incline tu agree with thoie notaniita who unite them. 24. EUTRIANA. Trin. I. E. oHgottachya, Kth. Eitum. p. 882.— Atheropogon oiigostnchys, Nutt. Gen. Am. I. p. 78. Hab. Plaint of the Sukatchawan to the Rocky Mountaini. DrwmtwHd. — Tbi* very beautiful and littlu known graii, which hai quite the habit of Cttnium, wu flnt detected by Mr Nuttall on the plaini of thu Miiiouri. It is now found ai far north as the Saikatchawan, and Mr Drummond has also gathered very luiu- riant specimens of the same plant in Tesas (i2d. Coll. n. 2'J3> and 31)4.) VIII. AVENACEA. Kth, Tj. DESCHAMPSIA. Btauv, 1. D.caspitosa, Beauv.—Aita, L,—E. Bot.t. \\^2.—Ph.— Torr. Fl.p. 132. Gray, Gram, et Cyp. Part II. ». 116. Hab. Canada. Ph. Saskatcliawan tu Bear Lake. Dr Richardton. Drummond, Unalasclika. {Kth.) 2, D. brevtfolia, Br, in Parries \$t Voy, App, p, 201. Hooh> in Parrot 2d J'oy,p, 409. — 13. major} subpedalis. Hab. Arctic Sea-shore and Islands. — 0. Arctic Sea-coaat.— Var. 0. is full twice the size of "., itnd sccnis almost to unite the D. brevifoUu with D. cntpitota. 20. DUPONTIA. Br. . 1. D. Fiacheri, Br. in Parry'i \8t Voy. App. p. 201. Hook, in Parry' a 2d Voy. App, p. 400 Melica. Spr. Hai. Arctic Sea-coast and Islands. Dr Richardton. Parry. Sabine. Kotzebue's Sound. Btechty. Ain.] ORAMINEiG. SM W> AIRA. L. 1. .1. flextiM\ L — £. Hirf. i, 1519. t'h,—Ton. Fl. p. 132. Groy, Grtm. tt Cffp, /'arf I. N. 43. v - ...!,,» • . Hab. Canailt. Ph. Mr$ Shippard. NcwfuumlUnd and I. ibri4or. DrMorriion, N. W, Am. Douglas, 2. A. Danthonioidea (7>i».); glumis periantliia iniequaliter denticulata dorso ai-istata excedentibiis, arista geniculata glumii longiore, foliis anguitiuimis. Trin. in Act. Petroft. 1830. 0. 57. Kth. Agrott. p. SOO. Has, Low plaini of tho Columbia, near Fort VancouYcr. Douijla*. N. W. Am. (AitA.)— A very peculiar grau, of which 1 have leon no authentic ipuclmen, but which I refer hero at tho luggeition of Dr Gray. 3. A. atro-purpurca, fVaM. — Hong. Veget. (le Sitcha, p. 54. — Avena, Z,inA Airaalpina, Fahf, in Fl. Dan. /. 061. Hah. SItcha. Bomjanl. ' ' 4. A. lat\folia: panicula Inxa, pedicellis scabriusculis, glumis opacis luto-ovatis ncti- minatis complicato-carinatis glaberrimis flosculos (S) superantibu8, perianthii valv. ext. 4- nurvio npice 4-dcntatu eroso, arista infra medium inserta superior! glumis oequali inf. breviure, foliis lato-linearibus acutis glabris. (Tad. CCXXVII.) Hab. Rocky Mountaini. Drummond.—X very remarkable ipeciei, which Dri Torrey and Gray aro dli- posed to refer to Avcna ; but it suemi to mo rather to have tho character of Aira. It is remarkable for the breadth of the Icavea, and for the largo, opaque (not gloity), purple-green colour of the glumoi. The awni are almoit wholly included. The floreti at the ba>e,aa well ai tho pedicel of the upper floret, aro villoui with long whito haira : tho inner valvo of the perianth ii bicarinato, with a strong nerve at eacli carina, and icubroui. Tab. CCXXVII.— i^iV/. I. Spikclet ; / 3. FloreU; /. 3. Outer valve of the perianth ; /. 4. Inner valvo do. ! — magnified, 5. A. elongata; panicula longissima composita gracili, ramis appressis scabris, glumis lincari-siibulatis carinatis 3-nerviis (carina scabra) flosculos 2 multo superantibus, peri- antliii valvula exteriori npice 4-deniato obsolete 4-nervio arista stricta longissima peri- anthium multo superante, foliis angustissimis setaceis rigidis. (Tab. CCXXVIII.) Hab. Sandy iaianda of tlic River Columbia. Douglai. — Thii, too, in tho opinion of Meurs Torrey and Grey, should bo referred to Avena : but it muit be recollected that every Agroatographist hai hia own views respecting the limita of Aira, Triiehim, and Avena, Tho present plant is very different from every species in those genera with which 1 am acquainted. Its leaves are slender and setaceous. Culms, including the panicle, two feet and more long : of which the panicle itself occupies about one-half. The glumes are pale, tinged with purple, glossy, the carina green and scabrous. Tab. CCXXVIII.— Fiy. 1. Spikelet ; /. 2. Florets ; /. 3. Outer valve of the perianth ; /. 4. Inner valve of do. •.—magnified. -™.r«^ 344 GRAMINEiG. [Danthonia, 28. TRISETUM. Br. Kth. 1. T. subspicatum, Beauv Richards. App. ed.2. p. 3. Br. in Parry's 1st Vmj. App. p. 292. — Trisetum airoides, R. §• S. — T. molle, Kth.— Gray, Gram, et Cyp. Part II. n. 166. — Trin. Act, Petrop. — Avena mollis, Mx. Hab. Canada. JUx. Labrador. Dr Morrison. Rocky Mountains, Drummond, to the Arctic Sca-shorc and Islands. Dr Richardson. Sir E. Parry. — A variable plant, in size, from 4 inches to n foot high, in the denseness or laxness of the inflorescence, in the hairiness, and in the more or less purple colour of the glumes. 2. T. centuum; panicula laxti nutante, glumis tri-quadrifloris superiore pauio longiore ('' ■•^lo latiorc,) pilis calli brevibus, racheos medium valvulie attingentibiis, perianthiis bisubulatis supra medium longe aristatis, ovario barbato. Trin. in Act. Petrop. 1830. 6. 61. Bong. Veg. Sitcha, p. 54. — Avena cernua, Kunth, Agrost. p. 306. Had. Sitcha. Merlens. Columbia River. Dr Scolder, — Our Scoulerian specimen precisely accords with an authentic one in my herbarium from the Imperial Academy of Petersburg. It is a tall growing grass, 2.3 feet and more high, with leaves more than half an inch broad. The panicle almost a foot long, the branches slender, drooping, lax, the awn very long and slender, the outer valve of the perianth has the two terminal teeth long, and remarkably slender. •29. AVENA. L. 1. A. versicolor, Fill. Delph. 2. p. 142. <. 4./. 5. Kth. Agrost. p. 300.— A. Scheuchzeri, Poll.— Host, Gram. 2. p. 52. Hab. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. — The only difference I can pcrceUe between these specimens and European ones, is that the panicle is longer (3 to H inches) and the spikclets more erect. 2. A. striata (Mx.); panicula subsimplici erectiuscula, spiculis 3-4-floris, flosculis basi barbatis superiore soepe tabescente, glumis inaequalibus IiBvissimis, perianthii valvula ext. coriacea 7-nerviti, glabra bicuspidata cuspidibus subulatis, arista subtortili periantliio SI bduplo longiore, foliis lineari-acuminatis angustis, ligulabrevi truncata. Mx. Am. 1. p. 23. — Trisetum purpurascens, Torr. Fl. I. p. 127. Gray, Gram, et Cyp. Part I. n. 46. Hab. Montreal. Paine. (Torrey). Canada to the Saskatchawan and to the Rocky Mountains. — The limits between Avena and Tnsetutn do not appear to be well defined : but the habit of the present species (most distinct indeed in point of specific character) is so much that of the preceding, that I think it more natural to place it with the Avena. 30. DANTHONIA. De Cand 1. D. spicata, R. et S Gray, Gram, et Cyp. Part II. n. 117. Trin. Ic. Gram. 5. t. 54. — Avena, L, — Ph. — Avena glumacea, Mx. Had, Saskatchawan to Hudson's Bay. Dr Uichurdson. Drummond. Poa.] GRAMINEiG. 245 IX. Fe^xucaces. 31. POA. L. 1. P, borealis; culmo erecto subratnoso cotnpresso vaginisque glabris, foliis planis innovationutn distichis scnbris, panicula secunda spicffirormi simplicissima erecta, spiculis lanceolatis sub-IO-floris, glumis inaequalibus paleisque inferioribus 9-nerviis glaberrimis superiores oequantibus. Kth. — Brizopyrum boreale, Presl, in Reliq. Haenk. 1 . p. 280. Hab. Nutka Sound. (,Haenh.) 2. P. capillaris, L. — Mx. — Ph. FL 1 . p. 74. — Eragrostis, Nees. Hab. Canada. Ph. ; but I have nsvor seen specimens from British America. 3. P. replant, Mx. Am. \. p. 6. t. 11. Torr. Fl. I. p. 14. Gray, Gram, et Cyp. Part I. «. 52. — Eragrostis, Nees. Hab. Sandy banks of streams, N. W. Am. Douglas. 4. P.fasciculata? Torr. Fl. \.p. 107. Had. Carlton House Fort on the Saskatchawan. Dmmmoiui. — The foliage, culms, and general aspect of this plant are quite the same as those of Dr Torrey's P. fasciculata : but the panicles have more regularly erect and shorter branches, and the glumes are longer und sharper. It is probably a distinct species. 5. P. annua, L E. Bot. t. 1141. Torr. Fl. \.p. 107. Hab. Newfoundland. Dr ilformon. Saskatchawan, and York Factory, and Hudson's Bay. Dr Richard- son. Drummond. Columbia. Dr Scouler. 6. P.festucceformis, Host, Gram. Austr. 3. t. 17 — Poa arenaria, var. /3. festucoeformis. Trin. in Act. Petrop. 6. 1. 390. Bongard, Veg. Sitcha, p. 55 — Festuca Hosiii, Kth. Enum. p. 393. Hab. Sitcha. Bongard. — Abundant on Menzies' Island, and on the low sandy banks of the Columbia. N. W. Am. Douglas. — Host's figure is an excellent representation of our plant. 7. P. distans, L.—E. Bot. t. 986 Festuca, Kth. Hab. Observatory Inlet and shores of the Columbia, N. W. Am. Dr Scouler, 8. P. airoide/), NiUt. Gen. Am. 1. p. 68, cum descr. (non Kth.) — P. Nuttallianai R. et S. Mant. 2. p. 303. Hab. Saskatchawan to the llocky Mountains and to Slave Lake. Dr Richardson. Drummond.— A very distinct and well marked species. 9. P.Jlexitosa, Wahl. — Host, Gram. Austr, 4. t. 26. Bongard, Veg. Sitcha, p. bTi P. laxa, IVahl. {fide Kth.) Hab. Lake Winipcg to the Rocky Mountains and to the Arctic Sea-coast. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Ma GRAMINEiG. [Poa. — Specimens from tho Rocky Mountains and from Bear Lake have larger apikolets and broader leaves ; whilst others have more erect spikelets and very narrow leaves : but the structure of the flowers seems to be the same in all. 10. P. laxa, Haenke Host, Gram. 3. t. 15. — P. flexuosa, Sm. E. Bot. t. 1123. Hab, Hudson's Bay to the Arctic Islands. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—Mmy of our specimens so entirely agree with the description and figures of the European P. laxa, that it is impossible not to consider them as identical. 11. P. arctica, Br. in Parry's \st Voy. App. — Hook, in Parrxfs 2rf, dquilongis vel longioribus, perianthiis obsolete nervosis lanceolato-ellipticis obtusius- culls nudis basi vix barbatis, ligulis productis, radice repente. Trin. in Act. Petrop. 6. 1. 378. Kth. Enum. p. 359. Hab. Bay of Eschscholtz, Kotzebue's Sound. {Triniua.) 21. P. stenantha (Trin.); paniculoe contractiusculue radiis binis (v. pseudo-tern is) solitariisque filiformibus scabriusculis loevibusve inferne nudis, spiculis 2-5-floris pedicellis acquilongis longioribusve, perianthiis obsolete nervosis lanceolato-linearibus acutiusculisi ad carinam villosulis inferne pilosiusculis basi subbarbulatis, ligulis productis, radice fibrosa. Trin. in Act. Petrop. 6. /. 376. Bongard, Veg. Sitcha, p. 54. Kth. Enum. p. 358. Haii. Sitcha. Mertens. Grassy slopes near the gummit of Mount Rainier. N. W. Am. Tolmie. — A very distinct species of Poa, viviparous in the original specimen I have received from the Imperial Herbarium of St Petersburg. 22. P. leptocoma (Trin.); paniculae patentis saepissime flaccidae pauciflorae radiis binis subcapillaceo-filiformibus laevissimis superne floriferis, spiculis subtrifloris pedicello sub- iEquilongis vel longioribus, perianthiis subobsolete nervosis lineari-lanceolatis acutiusculis vel carinam villosulis basi contortuplicato-Ianatis, ligulis productis, radice fibrosa. Trin. in Act. Petrop. 6. 1. 374. Bongard., Veg. Sitcha, p. 54. Hab. Sitcha. Bongard. 248 GRAMINEiE. [ Glyceria. 23. P. rotundata (Trin.); paniculae sublineari laxaeradiissubquinisangulato-filiformi- bus scabriusculis simpliciusculis inferne nudis, spiciilis (rotundato-apertis) trifloris brevi- pedicellntis, perianthiis obsolete nervosis lineari«ellipticis acutiusculis dorso Interibus bnsique contortiiplicato-villosulis, radice subrepente ? Trin, in Act. Petroji. 6. 1. 378. Kth. Enum. p. 359. Hab. Unalaschka. (Triniua.) 32. GLYCERIA. Br. Kth. 1. G. aquatica, Sm.— Kth.— Poa aquaticn, L.—E. Bot. t. 1315. Torr. Fl. \.p. 107. (var. Americana). Gray, Gram, et Cyp. part I. p. 58 — ^3. hutnilis. Hab. Lake Winipe^ to the Saskatclmwan. Dr Hichardton. Drummond. Marshes near the Western Ocean. Douglas. — 0. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. — The var. &. is scarcely a foot high, with smaller and less branched panicles than usual. 2. G. arctica (n. sp.); panicula erecta (statu junior!) contracta, spiculis erectis elongatis compresso-cylindracei.s 7-8-floris, glumis innequalibus flosculo inferiore breviori- hus obtusis, periantbii valvulis tenui-membranaceis losvibus obtusis, foliis lineari-setaceis. (Tab. CCXXIX.) Hab. Arctic Sea-coast. Dr Richardson.— I possess but one specimen of this plant, which is diB'erent from any Poa or Glyceria with which I am acquainted. It is scarcely a foot high, flaccid ; leaves much tufted at the base, a span long. Culm leafy to the top. Panic'" 3 iuchcs long, erect. Florets distichous, erect, slightly imbricated, green, tipped with reddish-purple ; texture of the glumes thin and membranaceous. Tab. CCXXIX.— Fy. 1. Spikelet ; / 2. Glumes ; / 3. Florets -.—magnified. 3. G.fluitans, Br Torr. Fl. l.p. 106, Gray, Gram, et Cyp. Part I. n. 48.— G. spec- tabilis, M. et K, Fl. Germ. — Bongard, Veg. Sitcha, p. 54. — Festuca fluit. L. — Poa, E. Bot. t. 1520.— A/x. Hab. Saskatchawan. Drummond. 4. G.pauciflora (Presl); panicula erecta composita patentissima, spiculis 4-iloris pa- tentibus, glumis rotundatis uninerviis, palea inferiore quinquenervia, radice repente. Presl, in Beliq. Ilaefik. \. p. 257. Hab. Nutka Sound.— " Affinis G.^ttiin._Poa obtusa, Muhl — Torrey Fl. \.p.ll2. {non Nutt.) Gray, Gram, et Cyp. Part II. n. 55. Hab. Canada. Ooldie. 8. G. Canadensis, Trin. — Poa Canadensis, Torr. Fl, p. 118. Gray, Gram, et Cyp. Part II. n. 121. — Bfiza Canadensis, Mx. Hab. Canada. Ooldie. Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. 33. PLEUROPOGON. Br. 1. P. Sabinii, Br. in Parry's \at Voy. App. p. clxxxix. t. H.f. UIO. — a. datior; sub- spithamoeus, antheris stramineis./ 1 — 7. — ^.humilior; 3-4 uncialis, antheris purpureis./I 8-10. Hab. Melville Island, Capl, Sabine. 34. REBOULEA. JSTM. 1. B. gracilis, Kth. Gram. 1. p. 341. t. 84. — Aira obtusata, et A. melicoides, Mx. Ph. — Koeleria Fennsylvanica, DC. — Torr. Fl. 1. p. 116. {Jide Kth.) — K. truncata, Torr. I. c. p. 116. Gray, Gram, et Cyp. 1. n. 44. — Aira truncata, Mx. Hab. Near the Falls of Niagara. B. D. Greene, Esq. Saskatchawan to the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson, Drummond. 35. CATABROSA. P.^Beauv. 1. C, aquatica, P. Beauv. Agrost, p. 97. t. 19. /. 8. — Aira aquatica, L. — E, Bot. t. 1557. Hab. York Factory, Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. 36. KOELERIA. Pers. 1. K. cristata, Pers. — Gray, Gram, et Cyp. Part I. n. 45. — Torr. — Kth,^ Aira cristata, L.—E. Bot. t. 648. Hab. Lake Winipeg and the Red River to the Saskatchawan and to the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richard- son. Douglas. Drummond. Arid gravelly soils near the confluence of the Columbia with the sea. Dou^/at. 37. FESTUCA. L. 1. F. Myurus, L E, Bot. t, 1412. Hab. Menzies Island and shores of the Columbia River. N. W. Am. Douglas. Dr Scouler. 2. F. occidentalis; glaberrima, panicula composita erectiuscula laxa, spiculis 4-floris, flosculis stipitatis laxe imbricatis subcylindraceis, glumis parvis valde insequalibus apice VOL. II. 2 I 250 GRAMINEiG. [Feituea. obtusis ciliatis, perianthii valv. ext. obsoletissime nervosa, arista scabriuscula recta flos- culam superante, foliis angustissimis lineari-filiformibus, foliorum vaginis longissimis. Hab. Plains and elevated grounds of the Columbia, near the aea. Dr Scouler. Douglas,— 'Root tufted. Culms ccespilose, 1^ to 2 feet high. Leaves principally radical, ono-fourtli the length of the culms, 0 or 4 on the culm, distant, but the culm is almost wholly concealed by their remarkably long, sheathing bases. Panicle 5-6 inches long ; branches slender, again divided, more or less long, and more or less patent. Splice- lets small in proportion to the size of the panicle, green, glossy, smooth. Awns about equal in length to the perianth. Glumes short and obtuse, especially the upper or inner one, which is about twice as long as the outer one, yet not half so long as the floral valves. Inner valve of the floret as long as the outer, acute, flat at the back, but the margins closely inflcied. 3. F. ovina, L.—E. Bot. t. 585. Hab. Lake Winipeg to the Saskatchawan and the Bear Lake. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. — Some of the specimens are a foot and a foot and a half long, but difiering in no essential par- ticular from our European F. ovina, 4. F. brevi/olia s racemo subsimplici erecto, flosculisteretibus supra scabriusculis arista (luplo longioribus, foliis setaceis vaginisque Itevibus, culmeo supremo multoties brcviore vagina sua laxiuscula. Br. in Parry's 1st Voy. App. p. cclxxxix. et cccix. Hook, in Parry's 2d Voy. App, p. 408, and in Parry's 4/A Voy, App. p.2\Q, Hab. Arctic Sea-coast and Islands. Sir E, Parry. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond, 5. F, suhulata {Bong.); flosculis lanceolato-linearibus (angustissimis) subobsolete ner< vosis subulatis, subula iisdem aequilonga vei longiori, foliis omnibus planis, radice fibrosa vel subrepente. Bong, Veget. Sitcha, p. 55. Hab. Sitcha. Mertens. 6. F, rubra, L. — E. Bot, t. 2056. — Bongard, Veg, Sitcha, p, 55. — F. duriuscula, Hook, et Am, Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 132. — var. 1. spiculis hirsutis. — var, 2. racemo subsimplici, spiculis valde hirsutis paucifloris nunc flosculis viviparis. Hab. Canada. Mrs Perceval. York Factory, Hudson's Bay. Drummond. Kotzebue's Sound. Beechey. Greenland (Hornemann.)— Var. 1. Fort Vancouver.— var. 2. Cumberland House Fort, Bear Lake, and Arctic America. Dr Richardson, (viviparous;) Saskatchewan to Hudson's Bay. Drummond. Greenland. Hornemann. — In the more northern latitudes this species frequently becomes very hairy in its flosculcs, and of a dark purplish colour. I have referred the F. duriuscula of the Bot. of Beech. Voy. hither, because, like all my specimens which possess a root at all, that root is creeping. 7. F. Richardsoni: humilis, racemo simplici brevi, spiculis approximatis compressis ovatis tri-quadri-floris dense villosis, glumis intEqualibus (majore flosculo breviore), peri- anthii valvula ext. lato-ovata subcompresso-carinata in aristam perbrevem acuminata, foliis brevibus angusto-linearibus planis, radice repente. (Tad. CCXXX.) Radix rcpens stolonifcra. Culmus basi geniculatus, digitalis ad spithamsam, versus basin proecipue foliosus. Folia 1-3 uncias longa vix | linoam lata, angusto-linearia, obtusa, flaccida, plana. Jlacemus unciam scsqui- Fe$tuea.] GRAMINEiG. 251 unciam longua, (implex vel rarinimo subcompositui. SpicuUe 6-8, approximatee, ovatee, breviter pedicellates, dome piloi8D. Olunue oblongo*oTatee, oymbiformes, obtuste, inoequalea, floiculis breviorei, tri-quadriflorw, compres9Q>. Fhsculi compresd ; perianthii valvula exterior late ovata, conipUoat(M»rinata, fuaco-purpurea, nmrgine hyalina, apice ia arigtam perbrevetn sonsim acuminata: interior bicarinata, ad carinas hirHuta. Hab. Arctic Sea-coast. Dr Richardson.— ThyA appears to be a very distinct species from any with which I am acquainted. Tab. CCW\.~-Fig. 1. Spikelet;/. 2. Calycine gliime:/. 3. Perianth;/. 4, Anterior view of the inner, and/. 5. posterior view of the inner vaWo of the perianth : — magnified. 8. F. (Schoenodorus) /»ra (Mfr^.); paniculnlaxaerectiuscularamis, primariis sub- verticillatis, spiculis oblongis sub-4-floris, glumis subeequalibus longitudine fere spiculae, flosculis teretibus basi fasciculato-pilosis, perianthii valvula exteriore 7-nervi apice brevi- aristata lacerata interiore apice bidentata, foliis lato-linearibus planis asperis. (Tab. CCXXXI.)-:Mer<. et Koch, Fl. Germ. I. p. 664. Kth. Emm. p. 404. Hab. Carlton House Fort, on the Saskatcbawan. — This fine grass is considered by Dr Torrey to be the same with the F. borealis of Mert. and Koch ; and it must be confessed that it agrees pretty well with their description ; but I have no authentic specimen of that plant by which to certify the opinion, and there are some slight discrepancies. The culm in our specimens is as thick as a swan's quill, 3-4 or more feet high, leaves 8-10 inches long, broadly linear-acuminate, rough to the touch. Panicle a foot and more long, almost ciuitc erect, as well as the subverticillate slender branches. Spikelet erect, j to jths of an inch long, scat- tered or subfasciclcd, sessile or pedicellate, generally 4-flowered. Glumes unequal, convex, rounded at the back, not keeled, the outer one shorter than the florets, acute, entire at the point, the middle nerve reaching^ beyond the point, so as to form a short arista, there are besides, on each side, two short lateral nerves ; the inner glume as long as the whole spikelet of florets, torn at the point, aristate, the middle nerve reaching beyond the point ; there arc besides, 2 lateral nerves reaching to the apex, and 2 intermediate shorter ones. Florets cylindrical, closely placed, with a tuft of white hairs at the base of each ; outer valve of the perianth jagged at the point, shortly aristate, with 7 nerves reaching to the summit : the inner lanceolate, the margin inflected, with 2 strong, trrecn, ciliated, nerves at the flexures, running out so as to form a bifid apex ; upper floret smaller than the rest. Tab. CCXXXL— Fig. 1. Spikelet ;/. 2. Inner glume;/. 3. Outer do. ;/. 4. Perianth •.—magnified. 10. F. (ScliGcnodorus) nervosa; panicula erecto-pateiis laxa, spiculis oblongis cotn- pressis remote 7-8-floris glumis inaequalibus laevibus, superiore longitudine fere flosculi, flosculis scabris lineari-oblongis acute carinalis conduplicato-compressis acutis nervosis, nervis 5 elevatis, foliis planis linearibus. — (Tab. CCXXXII.) Hab. Nutka Sound. Dr Scouler. — Root creeping. Culms ctespitose, l}-2 feet high, slender, wiry. Leaves flaccid, linear. Panicle 3.4 to 0 inches long, lower branches long and capillary. Spikelets oblong, the flowers remote, and the rachis peculiarly zigzag. These florets are remarkable for being very much com- f^imm 252 ORAMINE^. [Dromiit. prewed ; the outer vaire completely conduplicate, with a tharp keel, the lateral form (being thiii doubled) Is linear-oblong, with one nerve at the keel, and two very prominent one* on each tide ; the apex rather acute, the whole icabroui ; inner valve bifid at the point, prominently two-keeled at the back, the keels scabrous. Tab. CCXXXIL— Fi^. I. Spikelet ; /. 2. Glumes j/ 3. Floret :—ma(7BJ/Jerf. 11. F. scabrelta; panicula erecta, ramis patentibus, spiciilis 3-4-floris teretibus minute scabrellis, perianthii valvula exteriore 5-nervi in aristam perbrevem acuminata, interiore apice bifida, marginibus inflexis ad flexuras nervosis, foliis plerisque radicalibus angusto- linearibus ad vaginam cito deciduis. (Tab. CCXXXIII.) — F. scabrella, Torr. Mst. ' Culmi pedales, erecti, ctcspitosi, striati> subunifoliati, glabri ; folio anguste lincari-acuminato vix duas uncias longo, vagina longissima sub lento scabriuscula : reliqua fulia etiam glabra, pleraquc radicalla, membranaceo- vaginata, angusto-llnearia, 3-4 pollicaria, ad vaginas articulata, cito dccidua. Panicula composita, .0-4 polli- caris, erecta ; rami patentcs, versus apicem spicigeri. Spicul€B viridl-purpurctc, 3-plcruinqiic 4-florrc, ovalif, I unciam longiE, cxtus tactu vel sub lente minute acabrcllo!. Gliimee inicqualcs, acuttB, flosculis subdupio breviores, enerves, muticn;. Flosculi tcretos ; perianthii valvula exterior quinipionervis, in aristam pcrbrcvcni sensim acuminata; interior lanceolata, plana, marginibus inflexis ad tloxuras uninervibus scubris, apico bifida. Hab. Alpine districts of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. — This is a very distinct, and highly peculiar species. There is seldom more than one leaf on the culm. The rest arc radical, and liavo broad mem- branous sheathing bases, from the top of which the blade of the leaf is very deciduous. The texture of the tlorcis is soft and membranaceous. Tab. CCXXXIII.— FiV/. 1. Spikelet ; /. 2. Perianth ■.—magnified. 38. DROMUS. L. 1. B. purgans, L, — Rich, in Franhl. \st Journ. ed. 2. App, p. 3. Torr. Fl. 1. p. 128. This appears to me, judging from the specimens before me, to be a species that varies much according to age and locality. In its more usual form the panicle and spikclcts very much resemble our EuropKan B. erectus ; but the great breadth of the hairy leaves will at all times distinguish it. As has been already sug- gested in the Botany of Capt. Becchey's Voyage, p. II!)., probably the B. pubeaccns of Muhl,, the fl. Cana- densit, Mich,, the B. ciliatua of Linn., and the B. purgans are all vars, of one and the sauir; species. It will be seen in the " Flora of the Northern and Middle United States," how doubtful Dr Torrcy himself is about those reputed species. The following are what I should enumerate as vars. In speaking of the hairiness of the florets, I would be understood as alluding to the outer valve of the perianth : the inner is always beau- tifully ciliated at the flexure of the margin. «. vulgaris ; panicula elongata laxa, spiculis angustis C-8-floris viridibus, flosculis sericeo-villosis. — Hab. Canada to the Saskatchawan, Goldie. Dr liichardsun. Red River, Douglas. Columbia, Dr Scouler. — subvar. a. flosculis glabris vel ad nerves tantum rarius ciliatis. — H.id. Fort Norman. Dr Ilichardson. &. pallidus ; panicula densa subcorynibosa, spiculis paullo latioribus roagis compressis pallide virciitil)us 0-7- floris, flosculis marginibus sericeo-villosis. — Hab. Saskatchawan to the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. y. purpurascens 1 panicula elongata laxiuscula, spiculis latioribus (i-8-floris viridi-purpurascentibus margini- bus prtccipue sericeo-villosis. — Hab. Bear Lake to the Arctic sea-coast. Dr Richardson. 2. longispicala I panicula densa subcorynibosa, spiculis latioribus biuncialibus viridi-purpurascentibus mar- ginibus prtecipue sericeo-villosis.— Hab. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. CeratoeMoa,] ORAMINEiG. 253 2. B. Sitchenai8{B(mg.) ; panicula patula (demum patente?) nutante, spiculis 5-7-floris, flosculis lanceolatis setis terminalibus rectis valvula paullo brevioribus, ligula oblongii pi'oducta. Bong. Veget. Sitcha, p. 55. Hab. Sitcha. Merlens ** Maxime afflnit Sr. pendulino, Seue, (Roem. et Sch. 2. p. 644,} cui et habilii •imillimus (nam radii inferiorot longi, in ipeciminibua junioribua noitris patuli tantum, demum fortasse patentei)> differt poiiuimum aetis, floaculorum longioribua, ligula magna rotundata (nee brevi truncata,) ut in Br. pen- dulino, et foliia msuoribua." Bonpard. 30. CERATOCHLOA. P. Beauv. 1. C. brevi-ariatata ; panicula elongata laxa subnutante, spiculis lanceolatis ancipiti- compressis glabris (sub lente scabris), glumis subintcqualibus acutis submuticis nervosis, perianthii valvula exleriore acute carinata multinervi brevi-aristata, foliis lato-linearibus villosulis, vngiiiis villoso-tonientosis. (Tab. CCXXXIV.) Hab, Dry elevated ground of Lewia' and Clarke's River, and near tlio sources of the Columbia. Douglas. —Culm 2-3 feet higii, near the base as thick as a swan's quill. Leaves very broadly linear-acuminate, slightly hairy. Ligulc ovate, membranaceous, white. Panicle 8-10 inches long, slightly compound, erect, or a little drooping to one side. Spikelets inclined (not drooping), an inch or an inch and a quarter long, lanceolate, remarkably compressed, sharply 2-edged, of a harsh and rigid texture, of a palo uniform green colour, minutely scabrous, more so on the keel. Glumes moderately unequal, lanceolate, acutely carinate, gradually com- ing to a point, not aristate, shorter than the florets, outer about 5, inner about 0-nerved. Exterior valve of the perianth complicato-compressed, sharply carinate, 9-ot more nerved, having a very evident, but short, straight awn, from between the slightly bifid points. Inner valve scarcely half so long as the outer, narrow, lanceolate, bifid at the point, the margins sharply inflcxed ; at the flexures there is a strong ciliated green nerve. Stamens 3. Filaments, apparently, in the advanced state of the flower, incorporated with the ovary, for I uan in no instance trace them, till they become free at the top of the crest of the gcrmen. Anthers (abortive 'f) small, ovate. Ovary and young fruit oblong with a deep furrow in the inner face, crowned with a 3-lobed whitish hairy crest. Allied to Ceratochloa unioloides, Baauv, (which has been found in Texas by Mr Drum- monJ, No. 376, of his 3d Coll.) but very different in the foliage and in the presence of a distinct awn to the florets. Tab. CCXXXI v.— Fi^. 1. Spikelet ; / 2. Glumes ; / 3, Perianth ; /. 4. Outer view of an inner valve of do. J /. 5. Immature fruit : — magnified. 2. C. grandiflora; panicula subsimpiici laxa, spiculis valde compressis subancipitibus pubescenti-scabris lO-l l-floris, glumis siibixqualibusacuininatis vix aristatis 9-nerviis car- inatis, perianthii valvula exteriore compresso-carinata 9-nervi arista strictavalvulaedimi- dio longltudinis terminata, foliis lanceolato-linearibus vaginisque hirsutulis. (Tab. CCXXXV.) Hab. Common on the plains of the Columbia. Dr Scoukr. Douglas, — Allied to the last in its compress'?d florets, but quite distinct. The spikelets are in some of the specimens mucli longer than in any species of the genus I am acquainted with. Although the florets are carinated they arc less so than in the preceding species, and more remote on the rachis : the awn, too, is fur longer than in that species. The inner valve is gra- dually attenuated into a long acumen, dceply1)ifid at the point. In the flowering spikelets, the filaments may easily be traced to the base of the ovary ; but in a more advanced state, the lower part of the filaments pro- •iWlfflt^" •s« ORAMINEiG. t Tritieum. bftbly deliquetcm, while the upper leemi to adhere, by a glutinous tubitance, to the oreit of the ovary, and then the portion above the ovary seem* to have its origin from the top of that body, and to continue there till nearly the perfection of the fruit. The hypogynout icalet are 2, broadly obovate, largo, but io thin and ilclicate, that I cannot trace them in the more advanced itatc of the flower. From an examination of more than one ipikelet, it would appear that the lower floret* bear abortive itamoni, with tmall and tliort antheri j the upper ones abortive pistils, with very large linear anther*. In both, the inner valve of the perianth adheres to the ovary as it advances to maturity. Tab. CCXXXV.— Ft'^. 1. Spikolet i /. 2. More advanced do. ; /. 3. Inner view of inner valve of the perianth ; /. 4. Ovary and stamens from a lower floret ; /. i. Do., and hypogynous scales from an upper floret i^-magnffled. 40. BRIZOPYRUM. Preil. 1. B. Bpicatum, Hook, et Am, Dot. of Beech. Voy. p. 403. — B. boreale, Pretl, in Reliq, Haenk. 1. p. 280. — Uiiiola spicata, L. — Ton. Fl. I , p. 105. Oray, Gram, et Cyp. Part I. n. 49. — U. stricta, Torr. in Am. of Lye. \,p. 55. — U. nuiltiflora, Nutt. — Festuca disticlio- phylla, Mx.~ Ph. — Poa Michauxii, Kth. Enum. p. 325. Has. Plains of the Red and Saskatchawan Rivers, to the Uocky Mountains. Dr Richardton, Drummond. Douglai, De Fuca, N. W. Coast. Dr ScouUr. Nutka. Merteiu.— We have observed in the Botany of Becchey's Voyage, that this plant is bisexual, and there is a alight difference between the flower* of the tw.) sexes, which has led to the separation of the *pecies. 41. TRITICUM. L. 1. 7*. (Agropyrum)j««c6ttm, Z.. — E. Bot. t. S\4i. Hab. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Low plains of the Columbia. Douglas. 2. T. (Agropyrum) repeni, L.—E. Bot. t. 909. Torr. Fl. 1. J 35 — .«. vulgare.— /S. minus/ spica breviore. — y. purpurascens ; spica parva, spiculis purpurascentibu^, flosculis aristatis. — i. subvillosum: spica elongata, spiculis subvillosis. — i. nanum; spica breviore, flosculis subsericeo^viliosis. — ^. dasyslachyum: elatutn, spicis majoribus, spiculis dense sericeo-villosis. Hab. «. Saskatchawan to the Rocky Mountains and to the Mackenzie River. Dr Riehardion, Drummond. Arid barren grounds at the junction of Lewis and Clarke's Rivers with the Columbia.—/}. Rocky Mountain). Drummond. — y. Bear Lake to the Arctic sea-coast. Dr liichardion.—i. Fort Norman, on the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardaon, — i. Arctic sea-coast, Dr Richardion. — K. Carlton House Fort, on the Saskatcha- wan. Dr Riehardion. — All the above I am quite disposed to consider as mere forms of one and the same tipccics, varying according to soil, locality, &c. The last var., dasyttac/iyum, very much resembles the T, daayanthum, Spr. (Agropyrum, SchuUet Manl.p. 400.) but that from its obtuse florets and involute leaves, I would rather refer to a hairy state of T. junceum. 3. T. (Agropyrum) caninum, Schreb — E. Bot. t. 1372. Torr. Fl. 1, p. 136.— /3. Gmelini (Ledeb.) ; aristis validis demum patenti-refiexis. Ledeb, Ic. PI. Ross. Altaic. Illustr. t, 248. — Bromus strigosus. Bieb. Efymui.^ ORAMINEiG. Hai. Lake Winipcg to the Stukatoliawan. Dr Richardion. Drummond. Plains of lh« N. wuiuth river, N. W. Am. Douglai.—^. Near the great falli of tlie Colambia, N. W. Am. D(mglai,—'T\ •ur. fi. hai 10 remarkable an appearance from iti ilrong liorizontal, almoit reflexed awnit lliat at firit liglii, i ilid nnt liotitato to coniider it a diitinct ipeciei, at ottien liave done witli tlie tame ilate of tiie plant : for it ia, according to autlientic ipecimeni in my Herbarium, the Agropyrwm agilopoidu of Lcdebour't mit. (in Herb, noitr.) from the Altai i and the Sromui itrigoiut. Rich, from the mountuini of Tauria; but Ledebour iiaa determined correctly, we doubt not, that it ii a variety of T. caninum. 42. ELYMUS. X. 1. E. arenarius, L.—E. Bot. t. 1672. Hook, et Am. Bot. of Beech. Voy. pp. 119, 132. Hab. Canada. (Quebec.) Mrs Perceval. Labrador. Dr Morrison. Miss Srenton. Sutkatchawan to Bear Lake, and the extreme Arctic ihorei and iilanda. Ur Richardson. Drummond. Sir E. Parry. N. W. Am. from the Columbia to Kolzebue'i Sound. Dr Scouler. Douglas. Capt, Beechey. 2. E. mollis, Br. in Franhl. Journ. ed. 2, App. p. 3. — E. tnollia, Trin. in Spreng. N. Entd. 8. 72? Bong. Veget. Silcha, p. 50 ?— E. dasystachys. Trin. in Ledeb. Ic. PI. Ross. Alt. Illustr. t. 249. — /3. spicis minoribus hirsutissimis, spiculis 2-3 floris. Has. Saskatchawan to Bear Lake and the Arctic shores, and 0, Garry's island. Dr Richardson, Drum- mond.—Ledehonfi E. dasystachys, from the Altaic mountains, is precisely the same us our £.mo//i«; and his 0. of that plant seems to be the same as our /3. The flowers of the largest specimens are always smaller than those of E. arenarius, which has nevertheless frequently very soft and hairy spikes. I have never seen authentic specimens of tiie E. mollis of Trinius i Bongard says that it scarcely differs from E. arenarius, except in its plane leaves. 3. E. hirsutus (Presl) ; culmo compresso? vaginisque glabris, foliis scabris subtus hir- suiis, spica erecta, spiculis-liirtis trifloris, glumis suh-quinquenerviis, palea inferiore quin- quenervia scabra arista breviore. Presl, in Reliq. Haenk. 1. p. 264. Hab. Nutka Sound. (Presl).— Affinis E, Europao (Presl). 4. E. Sibiricus, L. — Bong. Veget. Silcha, p. 56. Schreb. Gram. I, t. 21, f, 1. Omel. Sib. 1. t. 28. Hab. Sitcha. Mertens.—" Flosculi ct involucella in gramine harum regionum superne ciliatuli." Bony. 5. E. Canadensis, L Ph. — Torr. Fl. 1. p. 137. Rich. App. p. 3. Gray, Gram, et Cyp. Part I. n. 63. — E. Philadelphicus. L. — E. glaucifolius. Willd, Ph. — /3. spicis fusces- centibus dense viliosis. Hab. Canada to the Saskatchawan. Drummond. Slave River. Dr Richardson.— Ii. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. — This should be compared with authentic specimens of E. Sibiricus. What I have from Ledebour as that species, does not seem to differ ; but the spikes are in a starved state, while those from Gouan'g Herbarium are precisely the same. The figures of Gmelin and Schreber by no means disag;ree with our E. Canadensis. 6. E. Virginicus, L Mx Ph Torr. Fl. \.p. 137. Gray, Gram, et Cyp. Part I. n. 60. — f3. submutims: glumis flosculisque brevissime aristatis. • mmwr •'""" liSS«S S56 ORAMINEiC. [ Amlro/ioffon. Hai. H. Cumberland Houie Fort, on the Sukatchkwan. Drummond. Common on theihorei of luket and riteri to tho cut of the Rocky Mountalni, but never found to the woit of that range. Dougltt$ The true E. Virtfinicui I poueii from variout parti of the United Statei, and even ai far north ai Boiton, with tho Kliimei and outer valve of tho floretH tapering into a long awn i but all the ipecimeni found by Mr Drummond uiiil Mr Douglaa have tcarcely an awn at all : yet I can perceive no other diflTercnce. The E. Dahuricui of Turcznanlnow (in Herb, noilr.) from Dahuria, I cannot diitinguish from E. Viryiuieut. 7. E. viUoaus, Muhl.—Ph.—Torr. FL I. p. 138. Gray, Gram, et Cyp. Part I. w. 62. Hai. Canada. Ooldie.—Ht Torrey and the American Bolaniiti, I believe, are diipoied to coniidcr the E. slriatui, Wilkl,, ai identical with E. villotut. The whole gcnui needs a very careful revision. ^. E, Enropaus, L.—E.Bot.t.XZXt. Has. Canada. Mrt Perceval, — I have cloiely compared this spucimen from Canada with our own £. Euriijxtui, and it entirely accords ; but I must at the samo time remark that E, vUlosui appears to me to bo a hairy state of the samo plant. 411. ASPRELLA. JluMb. I. A. Hystrix, mUd.—Kth. Enum. p. 4,54 Elymus Hystrix, L.—Muhl.—Torr.FL \,p. 138. Gray, Gram, et Cyp, Part II. n. ISO. — Gymnostichum Hystrix, Schreb. Gram, t.il. Hab. Canada. Golditi to the Saskatchawan. Drummond. 44. HORDEUM. Z. 1. H. praterue, Iluda. — E. Dot. t. 156 — H. secalinum, Schreb. — Hott, Gram, Austr. 1 . p, 33. Bong. Veget. Sitcha, p. 56. Had. Sitcha. Merleru. Common on the plains of the Columbia near the sea. Douglat, 2, H,jubatum, L.—Ph.— Torr, Fl. 1. p. 158. Rich. App.p, 8. Hab. Plains of the Saskatchawan to the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson, Drummond. Frequent on the low grounds near the confluence of tho Columbia with the sea. Douglat. X. Andropogone£. 45. ANDROPOGON. L. Kth. 1. A. scopariua, Mx Ph.—Torr. Fl, \.p, 136. Gray, Gram, et Cyp. Part II. n, 64. — A. dissitiflorus, Mx. {Jide Gray). — A. purpurascens, lUuhl, it AH. Banks of the Saskatchawan. Drummond. 63. 2. A.furcatus, Muhl.—Ph.—Torr. Fl. 1. p. 137. Gray, Gram. et. Cyp. Part I. «. 'T.ift,.-} GRAMINEiC. fST Hai. Like Huron, Dr Todd i lo the Sukttchiwkn tnd th« Rock/ Mountkinii Dr Richardion, Drum- mondi tnd Hudion'i Hay, Dougtat, 3. A. (Sorghum, Neea) avetutceut. Mx. — A. niiiani. L. f — MuM, — Ton. Ft, 1. p. 157. * "roy, Gram, et Cyp. Part I. n. 87. IIab. Sutkatclmwan. Drummond. — Tlila \t porhapi the northern limit of thli handiome grtii. It it more frequent In llie touth, and according lo Kuiith, It citcndi tn the VVcit Indies and South America, and I* the A, ilipoidei, H. U. K., and the Sonjhum pan'{florum of ilamilt. I'rodr. Fl. Ind, Occ. (Ailil at p. 233, after Atopecurua arittulalui; 2* A. caspitosuB (7>in.)y pusilius, tliyrso cylindraceo-oblongo, glumis ad baiiin uiqiie fitflis acutiusculig glabriusculis pectinatig, valvula truncato-obtusa, stylis iiiferne contialis. Trin. Gram. Ic. t. 241. Hab. Rocky Mountaini. Drummond. — A very imali iprcloi, icarcely 3 iochci high, with lax, lotne- what interrupted and lobed tplkca of a tawny green colour : the glumci fringed or pectinated at the keel, and M well ai the perianth truncated at the top. The awn li acarccly longer than the valve. It li heautifuily figured by Trinlui In the work above quoted, and, I preiunie, from i|)cclmeni which I gave lo the late Mr Preicotti but no dation it mentioned further than that the tpecimen It "boreall-Americanuni." And nt p. 230, after Vilfa tenacissima; 3. F. depauperata ( Torr. mat.) ; rigida, cultno brevi dichotome ramoso striate glabro fere toto vnginato, foliis lineari-subulatis vaginis inargine tnembranaceis, ligulisovatis obtusis, racemo composito sub«paniculato paucifloro, glumis intcquaiibus ovatis obtusis mem- branaceis enervibus pcriaiithio ^ brevioribus, perianthii valvulis suboequaiibus lanceolatis chartaceis acutissimis. (Tab. CCXXXVI.) Tola gluberrlina, riglda. Culmut 4>0 unciat iongus, decumbent, tupra batin dichotome ramotut, teret, ttriatui, per totam fere longitudlnem vaglnatut ; rami geniculati, flexuoii, articulla teiquiunciallbut. Folia parva, inferlora vix unclam, lupcrlora i2-3 linoot longa, lincarl-subulata, rigida, ttriata. Vaginm ad mar- ginet membranaeetc. Zi'^M/^obtuto!, in marginem vaginarum decurrcntet, Panicula parva tubaimplex, fere racemui, vix unclam longa, erecta, 6.10 flora. Pedicelli brevet, ttriati, glabri, crecti. Spicula erectte. Glumte initqualet, ovattc, obtusffi, membranacea', tubhyalinic, dorso obicure unlnervio, perianthio i breviorei. Perianthii valvulu; tubchartucca.', wqualei, concavo; vix carinatu.', lanceolatee, obicure tiinerviae : exterior acutiiilma nuda ; Interior aplcc blKda. Hab. N. W. America. Barren landy partt of the Columbia from Menziet' island upwards, Douglas.— K very dlitlnct speclet from any I have seen, Dr Torrey contidert lit place at between V, virgala and V. vayinaJ'oUa. Tab. CCXXXVI Fig. 1. Spikelet;/. 2, Glumet ;/ 3. Perianth i—ma^t/Tec/.) VOL. II. 2k 258 FILICES. iPohjpodium, Cl. III. ACOTYLEDONEiE. Ord. I. FILICES. TrIB. I. PoLYPODIACE«. 1. POLYPODIUM. L, }. P. viilgare, L, — E. Bot. t. 1 149. — Ph. — Rkh. App. p. 39 ,3. Americanum; minus, fionde nngustiore, laciniis remotioribus. P. Virginiunum, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1345 {excl. St/n. Plum. Sjc). Ph. — y. occidentale ; frondis laciniis acutis acute serratis. P. vulgare, Virginionum. Bong. Veg. Sitcha, p. 57. Hab. /3. Canada. Purs/i, Mrs Perceval, Airs Sheppard; to ihc Saskatchawan and Slave River. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—y. N. W, Am. On rocks and decayed wood, common near the confluence of the Columbia with the sea. Douglas. Sitcha. Mcrtcns. (in Herb, nostr.) — The common state of this plant throughout the United States and in British N. America, is to be smaller than the European form, with narrower and more oblong fronds, wiih lacinine more distant, and the sori nearer the margin. This is no doubt the P. Virginianum of Linnivus and authors, as far as regards the Virginia plant, on which Linnieus founded his character : — the synonyms which he has adduced, or at least that of Plumier, belong I think rather to the following. The Columbian and Sitcha variety is different from any I have seen, yet cannot in my opinion be distinguished as a species from this, which we know is a very variable Fern. Mcrtcns' plant from Sitcha described by Uongard, is identical with the Columbian one. 2. P. intermedium; Fronde ovali-lanceolata membranacea pellucida fere ad rncbin pin- natifida, laciniis oblongis acutiusculis serratis glabris, venulis (3-4) distinctis liberis vel rarissime sub margine anastoinosantibiis, soris ovalibus solitaris. Hook, et Arn. Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 405. Plum. Fil. p. 60. t. 77. Hab. Columbia. Dr Scouler.— On referring (o Plumicr's figure above quoted (a W. Indian Plant), to gee how far it agreed with any N. American Fern (Linnoeus having referred to it as his P. Virginianurn), I find it agrees so well with this plant, that I have little hesitation in considering it the same ; and the more so from observing that the species is also a native of St Vincent, whence I have received specimens from the late Mr Guilding. 3. P. (Marginarin) Cali/ornicum, Kmlf.—Hook. et Grev, Ic. Fil. t. 56. Hook, ct Arn. Bot. ofBeechetfs Voy. p. 161 and 405. Hab. N. W. America. Moist Rocks, Columbia river. Dr Scouler. 4. P. Phegopteris, L. — a. minus; subrigidum, pinnarum infimarum laciniis omnibus sub- intcgerrimis, venulis fere omnibus siniplicibus, soris densis marginatis, E. Bot. t. 224. Schkuhr, Fil. Tab. 20 ,6. in/erwierfjww,- tenuius, pinnarum inferiiirum laciniis crenato- lobatis venulisque furcatis, soris submarginalibus. — P. connectile ? Mx. — Willd. — Ph. — y. majus ; tenue, pinnis distantibus inferiarum plurium laciniis remotiusculis elongatis pin- natifidis, venulis plurimis furcatis. — P. Phegopteris, y. Schkuhr, Fil. t. 20. b. — P. hexa- gonopterura, Mj^. Am. 2. /;. 271. Ph.—V. cruciatum, Kaulf, (fide Prcsl.) Physematium.'] FILICES. 959 1^1 J^ Had. m, Canada. Lady Dalhoutie. Mrs Perceval, — /3. Canada. Mrs Perceval t and thence to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. N. VV. Am. Columbia River. Douglas. Portage, and near tlic sources of the Columbia river. Drummond. — y. Canada. Goldie, — Of the iwo first varieties that I have here noticed, I have not the slightest doubt of tlicir belonging to one and the same species ; and with regard to the third (var. y.), among the larger specimens of /3. which I have seen, are some which appear to constitute quite a connecting link between a. and y. This latter seems to be rare in British America ; more frequent in the United States, where it is sometimes called P. connectile and sometimes P. hexagonopterum. The larger the jilant, and the more remote the pinna;, the greater the disposition in the fronds to become com- pound, and the more the vcinlets become branched or forked !— then too the decurrcnt triangular lobe of tiie rachis is more developed and more remarkable. 5. P. Dryopteris, L. — E. Bot. t6l6. Rick. App, p. 39. — Neplirotlium,il!fa;. — P. calcareum, Pli. — (3. riffidius. P. calcareum, Sm. E. Bot. t. 1525. Bong. Veg. Sitcha, p. 57. Had. Canada. 3rrs Perceval, to the Rocky Mountains and to Bear Lake. Dr Richardson. Drum- mond.— f3. High Mountains of the Rapids of the Columbia. Douglas, 2. GYMNOGRAMMA. Desv. 1. G. triangularis, Kaulf. — Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. <• 315. Hook, el Am. Bot. of Beeck. Voy,p, 101 c<405. Hab. Columbia.' Dow(7/as.— a single specimen only of this is in the Herbarium of Mr Douglas, mixed up with other Ferns of the Columbia. It was probably found to the south of that river towards California, a country which the species is known to Inhabit. 3. WOODSIA. Br. 1. W. Ilvensis, Br, in Linn. Trans, v. 11. />. 113.— E. Bot. t. 2616. Sw.—Pk. Am. 2. p. 600. Itick. App. p. 39. — Polypotlium, Sw, — Nephrodiuni rufidulum, Ph, (certe.) Has. Canada to Hudson's Bay, Bear Lake and the Rocky Mountains. Pursh, Goldie. Lady Dal- housic. Dr Richardson. Douglas. Drummond. 2. fV. kyperborea, Br. I. c. p. 173, cum Ic. — Pk. Am.2.p.&0(i. — Polypodium, Sw. Prest, E. Bot. t. 2023. Hab. Canada to the Saskatchawan. Pursh, Dr Richardson. Drummond. 3. W. glabella {Br.); frondibus (lanceolato-lineaiibus) pinnatis glaberrimls, pinnis triangularibus pinnat'ifidis imis dilatatis laciniis cuneifoi-mibus, rachi nuda stipite squa- mato. (Tad. CCXXXVII.) Br. in Rick. App. p. 39. Had. Great Bear Lake. Dr Richardson. — A very distinct species, always retaining tlio character above given by Mr Brown. Tad. CCXXXVH. Fig. \. Pinna ;/ 2. Sorus ;/ 3, 4. Capsules j/. 5. Seeds :— magnified. 4. PHYSEMATIUM. Kaulf. 1. P. ohtvsum, — Aspidium obtusum, Willd. — Schhukr, Fil. t. 21. and t. 43. 6. p.'-J*k. .-JiWKMSSTIlSW*^*^, 260 FILICES. lAspiilium, Am. 2. p. 662. — Polypodium, Sw. — Woodsia Perrir.iana, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. 1. /. 68 Alsop'iila Perriniann, Spreng. Hab. West side of the Rocky Mountains, near the sources of the Columbia, Dntmmond: and elsewhere on the higher parts of tiie Columbia. Douglas. — This is the Alsophila Perriniana of Sprengel, and it is perhaps by some mistake that it >s said to be a native of St Thomas. It scorns however to have a wide range in N. America, yet to bo found nowhere plentifully. — The Genus is distinguished from Woodsia, to which it is very nearly allied, by the presence of an hemispherical indusium which covers the whole sorus and then splits from the top into several lacinated segments. 5. CISTOPTERIS. Bernh. 1. C.fragilis, Bernh. — Athyrium, Rich. App. p. 39. — Cyalliea, E. Dot. t. 1587. — Ph. — /3. laciniis latioribus minus divisis. C. tenuis, Scholt. — Aspidium tenue, Willd. — Ph. — Nephrodium, Mx. Hab, Canada, Mrs Perceval, Goldie; to Slave Lake and to the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond. — This species varies a good deal in North America ; but not more so than it docs in Europe. The C. tenuis is only a form with broader and less deeply divided lacinio:. 2. C. montana. Link,— AspiiVmm, Sw.—Schkuhr, Fil. t. 63. Hab. Shady alpine woods by streams in the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. — This is quite new to the Flora of N. America. The specimens entirely accord with Europican ones. The species cannot indeed readily be mistaken, well marked as it is by its small exactly triangular and much divided frond, with the fructification precisely resembling that of C. fragilis. — May not the Aspidium atomarium, Muhl. and Willdenow, be a variety of this plant ? 3. C. bulbifera, Bernh. — Aspidium, Sw. — Schkh. Crypt, t. 57. — Ph. — Nephrodium, Mx. Hab. Canada. Mrs Sheppard. Goldie, 6. ASPIDIUM. Sw. 1. A. (Lastrea) Thefypleris, Sw.—E. Bot. t. 1018. Schkh. Fil. t. 62.— A. thelyp- teroides, Sw. — Nephrodium, itfir. — Aspidium Noveboracense, Sto. — Ph. — Schkh. Fil. t. 46. Hab. Canada. Michaux. Mrs Perceval. Mrs Sheppard, — The A. Noveboracense is quite identical with A. Thelffpteris. 2. A. (Lastrea) Goldianum, Hook, in Ed. Phil. Journ, 6. p. 333. Ifook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 102 A. Filix Mas, Ph. Am. 2. p. 662. Hab. Canada. Dr Holmes. About Montreal. Goldie. Mrs Perceval. Mrs Sheppard. — This is a most distinct sprcics, and though apparently rare in Uritish N. America, seems to be common in the United States, whence it is not unfrcquently sent as A. Filix Mas : and there is every reason to believe that this is what Pursh had in view for that plant. 3. A. (Lastiea) marginale, Willd. — Ph. — Schkuhr, Fil. t. 45. b. Hab. Canada. Mrs Sheppard. Mrs Perceval, to the Saskatchawan. Dr liichardion. Drummond, Aipidium.] FILICES. S61 4. A. (Lastrea) crislalum, Sw.—E. Bot. t. 2125 (nott. 1949.) Ph. Hab. Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond, — The specimens are barren, but the form of the plant is so remarkable, as to leave not the shadow of a doubt as to its being the real A. cristatum, which, more- over, is frequent in the United States, 5. A. (Lasltsa) fragranst Sw, — Hook, in Parrt/s 2d Voy. App. p. 410. — Nephrodium, Rich. App. p. 39. Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 70. Hab. Saskatchawan to the Arctic Sea-coast and Islands. Dr Richardson. Sir E. Parry. Drummond. — Some of the specimens from about Bear Lake are nearly a foot in length. 6. A. (Lastrea) spinulosum, Willd. — E. Bot. t. 1460. Bong. Veget. Sitcha, p. 57. Ph. Am. 2. p. 663— A. intermedium? Willd.— Ph.— &. A. dilatatum, Willd.— E. Bot, 1. 1461- Bong. Veg. Sitcha, p. 67. Ph. Am. 2. p. 663. — A. dumetcrum, Sw. — Nepiirodium expansum, Presl, Reliq. Baenk. I. p. 38. Hab. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Canada, {Mrs Perceval, Lady Dalhotisie,) to the Rocky Moun- tains. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Columbia River. Dr Scouler, Douglas. — In America this plant, although at all times easily recognised, is as variable as in England ; and it is equally impossible, as with us> to limit the marks of the varieties. 7. A. (Polystichum) Lonchitis, Sw. — E.Bot. t. 797. Hab. Rocky Mountuns. Drummond. 8. A. (Polystichum) munitum (Kaul/,)s frondibus pinnatis, pinnis lineari-lanceolatis spinoso-acuminatis subfalcatis basi sursum auriculatis mucronato-senatis, serraturis ub- apprcssis rarissime bidentatis, stipite rachique subtus et basin versus paleaceis. — Kaulf. Enum. p. 230. Hook, et Am, Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 162, and 405. — Nephrodium Plumula, Prealf Reliq. Haenk. 1. p. 33. Hab, N. W. America. Menzies. Douglas, Dr Gairdner. Nutka. Mertens. — The most common of all Ferns on the N. W. Coast, between the parallels of 40° and 49° n. lat., in the moist grounds of the dark shady Pine Forests. The roots are roasted on the embers, and constitute an article of food. The fronds are used as garla .ds by the Indians. Douglas. 9. A. (Polysticlium) acrostichoides, Sw. — Ph. — Schkh. Fil. t. 30 Nephrodium, Mx. Hab. Canada. Mrs Perceval. Mrs Sheppard. 10. A, (Polystichum) acideatum, Sw, — E. Bot. t. 1562. {ic, mal.) Hook, Br. Fl. ed. 4. p, 384.— A. vestitum, Sw Schhuhr, Fil. t. 43. Bong. Veg. Sitcha, p, 37. (et in Herb, nostr,) Nephrodium setigerum, Presl, Reliq, Haenk, 1. p. 37. Hab. Portage, and sources of the Columbia, west side of (he Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Nutka. Haenhe. Sitclia. Mertens. — This is a rare plant in N. America ; and the form is precisely that which I have characterized as the Asp. aculeatum in " British Flora," ed. 4. v. 1. p. 384, a state exactly intermediate between A. lobatum on the one hand, and A. angulare, Sm., on the other. Pursh records it as an inhabitant of the Green Mountains, Vermont; Mertens discovered it at Sitcha: and my correspondent, Dr W. F. Macrae of Montreal, Canada, has lately communicated specimens to me which he had the good fortune to I I 262 FILICES. lAtpienium. detect in tlie Esses Mountains, State of New York. Dr Dongard's A. vestitum, which there is every reason to believe is the true vestitum of Sw., has the most perfect conformity with this and witli Mr Drummond's specimens. 7. ONOCLEA. L. 1. O. sensibilis, L.—Mx. Am. 2. p. 272. Ph.—Schkh. Fil. t, 102— ,3. O. obtusilobata, Schkh. Fit. t. 103 Ph. Hab. Lalce Huron, Dr Todd, to the Soslcatchawan. Drummond. 8. STRUTHIOPTERIS. WiUd. I. S. Germanica, JVilld Beck, Fl. p. Ije.— Onoclea Struthiopteris,ScAA/j. Fil. 1. 105, and O. nodulosa, ejusd. 1. 104. — Osinunda Strutliiopteris, L. — Strulhiopteris Pennsylvanica, mild.— Ph. Am. p. G6G. Hab. Canada to the Saslcaichawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Douglas. — After a very careful coin- |)arison of tlic N. American Strulhiopteris with the European, I am compelled to consider them, as Dr Becii has already done, one and the same species. 9. ATHYRIUM. Preal. 1. A. Filix fcemina. Roth. — Asplenium, Bernh. — Nephrodium, 3/*.— Aspidium, Su>. — E. Dot. t. 1459. Schkuhr, Fil. t. 38.— Asplenium Atliyrium, Schkuhr, Fil. t. 78.— Aspi- diiim asplenioides, Sw. — Ph. — Nephrodium, Mx. — /3, fmnde angustiore. Aspidium angus- tum, Willd. — P/«.— Atliyrium angustum, Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1. p. 39. — y. fronde angusta oblongo-lanceolata rigidiore, piiinis pinnuiisque remotioribus, Hab. «. and /3, Throughout Canada, Goldie, Mrs Perceval, Ladi/ Dalhousie ; to the Sasl^atchawan and to the alpine woods of the Rocliy Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond. — A. Nutlta. Mertcns. — y. Common on the N. W. Coast, by the shady banlis of streams. — This species in America, as in Eurojio, varies in {he breadtii of its fronds : the Columbian var. is the most striliing of these forms, but it is evidently not a distinct species. 10. ASPLENIUM. L. 1. A. (Camptosorus) rhizophyllum, L. — Mx.—Ph. Am, 2. p. 666. Hab. Canada. Pursh, Goldie, to the Saskatchanan. Drummrmd. — The reticulated venation of this plant, forming cblong hexagonal areolie, is very remarkable, and quite dilTorent from that of any other Asplenium, but very similar to some of the exotic Scolopendria, with which the plant agrees in its undivided fronds. Presl has constituted of it the genus Camptosorus. 2. A. Trichomanes, L E. Bot. t. 576. Mx. — A. nielanocaulon, WiUd. — Ph. Hab. Canada, Pursh, Mrs Sheppard, Mrs Perceval; to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Damp rocks of the Columbia and Puget's Sound. Douglas. 3. A, viride; fronde pinnata pinnis rotundato-ovatis obtuse serratis basi cuneatis, rachi concolore. Huds E. Bot. t. 392. Hab. Moist shady rocks on the Rocky Mountains. Drummondt—1)m is ({uite new to America. PUrit.) FILICES. 263 4. A. ebeneum, WiUd. — Ph. Am. 2. p. 666. — A. polypodioides, 5u;.— A. trichotnanoides, Mai. Hab, Canada. Mrs Sheppard. 5. A. marinum; fronde pinnata, pinnis oblongis obtusis inciso-serratis basi superiore rotundata et subauriculata inferiore truncata. — L, — E. Bot. t. 150. Hab. New Brunswick. E. N. Kendal, Esq. — This species again is now, for the first time, ascertained to be a native of N. America. It may perhaps be frequently found among maritime rocks. I have specimens I can scarcely distinguish from it. from the West Indies, j 11. BLECHNUM. L. 1. B. boreale, Stv E. Bot. t. 1159. Ph. Am. 2. p. 669, Bong. Veg. Sitcha, p. 58 Lomaria spicant, Desv, — Presl. — Loinaria crenata, Presl, Reliq. Haenk. \,p. 51. Hab. N. W. Coast. M. Lewis. {Ph.) Observatory Inlet. Dr Scouler. Nutka. Mertens.—l am aware that an opinion prevails that this plant should be referred to Zomarm (Stegania, £r.).- but the indusium is certainly not marginal. The fructification may be considered that of Blechnum, the habit that of Lomaria. 2. B. doodioides; fronde elongata lanceolata pinnata, pinnis suboppositis basi lata ex- nuricidata lato-Hneai-i-oblongis sensim acuminatis paululum falcatis versus apicem obscure serratis infimis parvis rotundatis superioribus raulto angustioribus soriferis, soris continuis vel soepissime interruptis. Hab. Interior of N. W. America. Douglas. — Of this plant two specimens were sent to me by the late Dr Gairdner, (then resident at Fort Vancouver on the Columbia,) which were gathered in the interior by Mr Douglas : but whether in the Hudson's Bay territories, or, as is possible, in N. California, I am uncertain. I am disposed to believe in the former country, because there is nothing of the kind in Mr Douglas' Californian Her- barium. It is a very distinct plant, almost combining the character of Woodwardia, or Doodia, with those of Blechnum, The veins are obliquely parallel with the costa, forked, and not anastomosing in the sterile pinnte: when the fructification appears, the lower branch of a vein anastomoses with the vein immediately above it, and in the interior of that vein (next the costa) the sorus is formed. In the lower of the fertile pinnsB, the indusium frequently stands unconnected and more or less distant, as in Woodwardia, but gene- rally forming a continued line, from the union of the ac^oining indusia. The stipes is dark purple, the upper (fertile) pinnaa are so narrow that the sori occupy nearly the whole surface, as in B. boreale. 12. PTERIS. L. 1. P. aquilina, L.—E. Bot. t. 1679. Ph. Am. 2. p. 688. Agardh, Recens. Sp. Gen. Pter. p. 49. — P. caudata, Ph. — ^.lanuginosa s fronde subtus dense tonientosa. Bong. Veget. Sitcha, p. 58. — P. lanuginosa, Hook, et Am. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 405. — non Bory ? et Agardh f Hab. New Brunswick. Mr Kendal. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Canada. Pursh, Mrs Sheppard, Mrs Perceval, to the Saskatchan an. Drummond.—fi. Very common from Cape Mendocino to Fuget Sound, and in the open woods and undulating grounds in the interior of Columbia. Douglas. 2G4 FILICES. [Dichtonia. 2. p. (Allosorus) atro-purpurea, L.—Mx. — Schkuhr, Fil. t. 100. Ph. — P. gracilis, var. nana ? Rich. App. p. 39. Hab. Canada to Bear Lake and the Rocky Mountains. J>r Richardson. Drummond. Douglas. 3. P. (Allosorus) gracilis; tenuis, fronde lanceolata, sterili pinnata pinnis pinnatifidis laciniis paucis late ovatis obtusissimis tenuissimis, fertiii bipinnata pinnis lineari-oblongis crenatis, rachi concolore, stipite atro-fusco nitidissimo. — Mx. Am. 2. p. 262. Ph. Am. 2. p. 668.— Cheilanthes, Kaulf.—Spr. Hab. Canada, Mkhaux, Goldie; to the Saskatchawan. Drummond. Dr Richardson.— T\Cii is a very distinct species, though sometimes confounded with the preceding. 13. CRYPTOGRAMMA. Br. 1, C. acrostichoides (Br.); frondibus bipinnatifidis, sterilium pinnulis ovalibus crenatis, fertilium demum explanatis, sorls linearibus discum totum occupantibus. Br. in Rich. App. p. 89. etp. 54. Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 29. Bong. Veg. Sitcha, p. 58.— Allosorus, Presl. Hab. Nutka Sound. Memies. Stony places in the Rocky Mountains, but rare : to the sources of the Columbia, Drummond, and thence to the Grand Rapids of the Columbia, and the mountains of Macgillivray's River. Douglas. Cumberland House Fort to Bear Lake. Dr Richardson. 2. C. crispa, Br Hook. Brit.Fl. ed. 4.;>.389.— Allosorus crispus, Bernh — KatUf.Enum. p. 143. Hab. Unalaschka. CAamiMO.— May this not be the previous species ? 14. ADIANTUM. L. 1. A. pedatum, L.—Mx. Am. 2. p. 263. ScM. Fil. t. 115. Ph. Hab. Canada. Michaux. Pursh. Mrs Sheppard. Lake Huron. Dr Todd. Columbia River, N. W. Coast. Dr Gairdner. Dr Scouler. Douglas. 15. CHEILANTHES. Sw. 1. C. vestita, Sw.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 610.— Schkuhr, Fil. t. 124.— Nephrodium lanosum, Mich. Am. 2. p. 270. Hab. Alpine woods in the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. New Caledonia, N. W. Am. Douglas. 16. DICKSONIA. L'Herit. I. D. pilosiuscula, Willd. Enum. p. 484. Ph. Am. p. 671 — D. pubescens, Schkuhr, Fil. t. 131.— Aspidiumpunctilobum, fVilld.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 664— Nephrodium punctilobum, Mx. Hab. Canada. Dr Holmes. New Brunswick. JUr Kendal. Bolryehium.] FILICES. 266 TniB. II. OSMUNDACE^E. 17. OSMUNDA. X. 1. O. spectabilis, WiUd.-.Ph. Am. 2. p. 658.— O. regalis, (3. L. — O. regalis, Mx. Hab. Canada. Purah. Mrs Perceval, to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. — The nearly equal bases of the leaflets distinguish this species from our O. regalia ; and it is found in South as well as in North America, retaining the same characters. 2. 0. cinnamomea, L. — Mx. — Ph. Am. 2. p. 657. Schhuhr, Fit, p. 146 — O. Claytoniana? Willd. Ph. — {3. frondibus majoribus, rachi magis alata. O.alata, Hook, in Ed. Phil. Journ. V. 6. p. S32. Hab. Canada. Goldie. Mrs Sheppard, Mrs Perceval. Newfoundland. Mias Brenton, — 0. Montreal. Goldie. 3. O. internipta, Mx. Am. 2. p. 273,— Ph.— Schkuhr, Fil. t. 144. Hab. Canada. Michaux. Mrs Perceval, Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Br Morrison. 18. SCHIZiEA. Sw. 1. S. pusilla, Ph. Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 47. — S. filifolia, De la Pyl.—S. australis, Gaud. Fl. des Isles Malouines. Had. Newfoundland. De la Pylaie. — For a long time this very rare and beautiful little plant has been believed to be peculiar to one locality, Pine Barrens, near Quaker's Bridge, New Jersey, in the United States. But in 1825 it was stated at Paris, that the same Fern (as ascertained by a comparison instituted by M. Victor Jacquemont) had been discovered in Newfoundland, by M. de la Pylaie, and by M. Gaudichaud in the Falkland Islands, Trib. III. Ophioglosse.?e. Br. 19. BOTRYCHIUM. Sw. 1. B. Lunaria, Sw E. Bat. ^ 318. Hab. About Carlton House Fort on the Saskatchawan, Dr Richardson, to the Rocky Mountains; in the wet prairies. Drummond. — I believe this species had not been found before in the New World. 2. B. simplex, Hitch, in Sill. Journ. 6. p. 103. Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 82. Had. Canada. Pursh, {in Herb, nostr.) Mr Cleghorn. Between Cumberland House Fort and Hudson's Bay. Drummond. 3. B. obliquum, Muhl, — Ph. Am. p. 655. Hab. About Hudson's Bay, (York Factory,) and on the " Height of Land" in the Rocky Mounttuns. Drummond. Newfoundland. Dr Morrison. VOL. II. 2 L 268 LVCOPODINEiE. [Lj/copodium. 4. B. ailai/oiium (Presl) ; Fronde radicali tripinnata, pinnis pritnariis secundariisque petiolatis, pinnulissubsessilibus ovatis crenato-dentatis inferioribus sublobatis, scapo nudo, panicula coarctata. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. I. p. 76. Hab. Nutka. Mertem. — This species is quite unknown to me. 5. B. Virginicitm, Sw.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 656. Schkuhr, Fil. t. 156.— Botrypus, ilfr.— Bo- trychium gracile, Ph. Hab. Canada, Michaux, Goldie; from Lake Huron, Dr Todd, to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Columbia River, N. W. America. Dr Scouler. Ord. II. LYCOPODINE^. Sw. 1. LYCOPODIUM. L. , A. GXSTIPDLAT^. • Axillares; capiulis axillaribut.' 1. L. Selago, L E. Bot. t. 233. Hook, in Parry's 2d Voy. App. p. 261. Beck, Fl. p. 462.-/3. foliis angustioribus scepe squarrosis. L. recurvuni, fViUd. Hab. From Hudson's Bay (York Factory) to the Rocky Mountains, and to the extreme Arctic shores and islands. Dr Richard$on. Drummond. Sir E. Parry, &c. Labrador. Dr Morriion. Miss Brenton. West side of the Rocky Mountains near the sources of the Columbii. Douglas.—^. N. W. America. From Observatory Inlet, Millbank Sound, to Stikine. Dr Scouler. Tolmie. 2. L. luciduium, Mich. Am. 2. p. 2S4,.— Ph.— Schkh. Fil. t. 159 — L. reflexum. Sw. Hab. Canada to the Saskatchewan. Drummond. •• Spicatffi ; capsulis spicatis. f Spicis sessilibus. 3. L. dendroideum, Mx. Am. 2. p. 282. Ph.— Hook. Ex. Fil. 1. 1. Hab. Canada. Pursh, Mrs Perceval, Mrs Sheppard; to the Saskatchawan, and to Hudson's Bay. Drummond. New Bruncirick. Mr Kendal. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Dr Morrison. N. W. Coast of America. Memies. 4. L. annotinum, L.—E. Bot. t 1727. Ph. Am. 2. p. (J53 — an L. bryophyllum, Haetdte. Hab. Canada. Pursk, Mrs Perceval, Lady Dalhousie ; io ^\a.ye hake. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Dr Morrison. N. W. Am. Observatory Inlet, Dr Scouler; to Millbank Sound. Tolmie. 5. L. sabinqfolium (Willd.); caule elongato repente, ramis eiectis brevibus dense Lycopodium,'] LYCOPODINEiE. 267 fastigiatini dichototne divisis, foliis undique imbricatis nuncquadrifariissequalibus erectis tereti-subulatis aristato-acuminatis, spicis sessilibus cylindraceis solitariis, squamis cor- dato-aciiminatis patentibus integerrimis. (Tab. CCXXXVIII.) Hook, el Grev. Lycop. in Hot. Miscell. 2. p. 371. — L. alpinum, Mx. Hab. Canada. Michaux. Banki of the Saskatuhawan. Dr Richardton. Drumnumd. Newfoundland. Mr Cormach — With the habit of L. alpinum, the species has totally ditferent leaves and a different insertion of those leaves. Here they are all equal, and imbricated on all sides, or occasionally in 4 rows. Tab. CCXXXVIII.— F«^. 1. Portion of a branch ;/ 2. Spike of fructification ;/. 3. Scale from the spike with a capsule, posterior view ; /. 4. Side view of a scale with the capsule : — magnified. 6. L. aelayinoides, L. — E. Bat. t. 1 148. Mx. — Ph. Am. 2. p. 654. Hab. Canada. Michaux. Saskatchawan. Drummond.—I^a few specimens, gathered by Mr Drummond, are all I have seen of American origin. Dr Greville and myself were unquestionably wrong in referring the L. bryophyllum of Haenke to this species i it may probably belong to a dwarf state of L. annotinum. 7. L. inmdalum, L.—E. Bot. t. 239. Ph. Am. 2. p. 633. Hab. Canada, Pursh. 8. L. rupestre, L. — Schkuhr, Fil. 1. 165. Ph. Am. 2. p. 654. — /3. ramis longissimis, foliis laxioribus. L. struthioloides, Presl, Relig. Hank. 1. p. 82. Hab. Canada to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—^. N. W. Am. Douglas. Observatory Inlet. Dr Scouler. f f Spicis pedunculatis. 9. L. clavatum, L. — E. Bot. t. 224. Ph. Am. 2. p. 652.— 18. monostachyon ; spica soli- taria, pedunculis brevibiis. Hook, et Grev. Lycop. in Bot. Misc. v. 2. p. 875. — y. tristachyon, spicis subternis, ramis fastigiatis, foliis subintegerrimis. L. clavatum, Mx. — L. aristatum, y. tristachyon, Nutt. — Hook, et Grev. I.e. p. 876. L. tristachyon, Nutt. {non Ph.) — 8, foliis omnino integerrimis muticis. Hab. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton, Dr Morrison. Throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Interior of the Columbia. Douglas. — /3. Rocky Mountains, north of the Smoking River. Drummond. — i. N. W. America, from Observatory Inlet, Dr Scouler, to Stikine ; and on Mount Rainier. Tolmie.—h. very variable plant, and very extensively distributed over many parts of the world. ^ I B. Stipulate. * Ramis compressis cum foliis distichis decurrmlihus coadunatis, stipulis uniseriatis. 10. L. complanatum, L. — Schhh. Fil. t, 168. PA. Am. 2. p. 652. — L. tristachyon, Ph. (non Nutt.) Hab. Canada. Pursh. Goldie. Mrs Perceval. From Lake^ Huron, Dr Todd, to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Newfoundland. Mist Brenton. Dr Morrison, N. W. Coast of America. Menzies. j-32-^— , ,*. ,isw*i.^. 281. Willd.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 652. Hab. Frequent in Canada, Gotdi; Mrt Perceval; and thence to the Satkatchawan, Dr Riehardion, Drummond t and to the Arctic hlandi. Sir £. Parry.— H. about the Satkatchawan.— The two forma of thi* plant above alluded to are alio found in Europe. INDEX ORDERS, GENERA, SPECIES, AND S .NONYMS, FIRST AND SECOND VOLUMES FLORA BOREALI-AMERICANA. Abiet alba, Mx. . balsamifera, Mx. Canadensis, Mx. nigra, Mx. Abbonia, Juss. . arenaria, Hook, mellifera, Dougl. Menziesii, Dougl. vespertina, Dougl. ACALYPHA, L, . Virginica, L. . Acer, Mcench, . barbatum, Mx. circinnatum, Purah, (Tab, XXXIX.) dasycarpum, Willd. microphyllum, Pursh, (Tab XXXVIII.) montanum. Ail. Negundo, L, . Pennsylvanicum, L. Tubruin, L, sacchariiium, X. tpicatum. Lam. ttriatum, Lam. VOL. II. PAGI 163 163 164 163 124 12.^ 125 125 125 141 141 111 113 112 113 112 111 114 111 114 113 111 111 AcGRINEiE, DC. AcHILLiGA, L. . Millerolium, L. mulliBora, Hook. Plarmica, Rich, tomentosa, Sm. ACHLYS, i)C. triphylla, />C. (Tab. XIL) AcOTYLEDONE^ . AcoKus, L. Calamus, X. ACONITUM, L. Cammarum, Bieb. Fiscfieri, Reich. Napellus, X. nasutum, Spreng. Kcix.^, X. alba, Big. Americana, a, Pursh, j3. Pursh, brac/iypetala, DC. 8. DC. Cimicifuga, X. pachypoda, Ell. FAOI 111 318 318 318 318 319 30 30 258 168 168 25 26 26 26 26 26 27 27 27 27 27 26 27 I 2 M yFJiiJMiBW^ftMJ^JJL^l.^liatti^|4^^ 271 INDEX, vol. PIGB palmata, DC. 26 flcxiinsa, Z. . racoinoso, L. . 27 laiifolia, Hook. (Tab. CCXXVII.) rubra. Willd. . 27 melicoides, Mx. spicata, a. Mx. 27 mclicoidi:s, Mx. 3. Mx. 27 ohtusnta, Mx. . Actinella lanata, Pursh, 31j iniiicata, Mx. Adenarium peploides, Ilafin. 102 Ai.ciiEMiLi.A, Tourn, Adenocaulon, Hook. 308 vulgaris, Z. . bicolor, Hook. 308 Alis.mace.e, Br. Adiantum, Z. . 2(U Alisma, Z. . . , pedatiiin, L, 204 iiutaus, Z. . Adlumia, linfln. 36 jmrnijiora, Pursh, cirrhosa, Rafin. 3G Plaiitagn, Z. . Adonis, Dill. . 9 sulmlnta, Willd. autiimnalis, L. . 0 triviali.i, Pursh, Adoxa, Z. 272 Altionin liirsuta, Pursh, . inosclmtcllina, Z. 273 Allium, Z. . . . Aijeratum altissimum, Willd. 30a acuminatum, flrjoA, (Tab. CXCVI. Agrimonia, Tourn. inc ani/ulosiim, Pursh, Eupatoria, Z. . 196 Canadtuso, L. parviflora, Ait. 197 ccniuiiin, liot/i, striata, Mx. . 197 DougUi^ii, Hooli. (Tab. CXCVII.) AoiloSTEMMA, L. 92 reticulituni, Fras. (Tab. C.XCV.) Gitlia^o, L. . 92 ScliitMiiiprasnm, Z. Ar.noSTis, L. 2 239 Siliiriciiin, L. . aliia, Z. 2 230 stellatuin, Fras. (Tab. CXCIV.) ulgidd, Soland. 2 2;i7 stellutiim, /3. Gawl. caniiiu, Z. 2 240 striatum, Jaci/. Ciiinri, Lam. . 2 237 Alliisoriis acrontichoidest Kaulf. Drummoiiiiii, Torr. 2 239 cris/iiis, Uoriili. nxarata, 7>in. 2 239 Alms, L. . . . laxiflora, ificA. •2 240 castaiutrfolin, Dougl. . Michntixii, Trin. . 2 240 crispa. Ail. poli/morplia, Huds. 2 239 pluliiK.sa, (ifcrtn. racemosa, Mx. 2 237 ijlnliiiiisii, Kiel). rubra, Z. 2 240 iutaua, Willd. sctosa, Mulil. . 2 237 incanii (ihibrifulia, H. ct A. tenacixsiiiia, Jacq. 2 239 rubra, lltmij. . vulgaris, L. . 2 239 viriili«, J)('. . AinA, L. . . . 2 2+2 viididiita, Willd. alpina, Vahl. . 2 243 ALOi>n;iia!s, Jlolh, atjuatica, L. . 2 249 itIpiiMis, Sm. atro-purpurea, TFciAA . 2 243 arisliilaliis, Mr caspitosn, L. . 2 242 ca'siiiiiisMs, 7Vi/i. cristala, L. , 2 249 fulvna, Sm. Danllionioiilcs, 7V(/i. . 2 242 gt'iiiciilaius. Z. elongata, //ooA. (Tab. CCXX^ ^rill.) 2 243 genicnlulus, /3. Torr. . VOL. 2 o 2 2 2 2 I 1 2 Q 2 2 2 2 2 PACE 242 243 241 240 249 249 107 197 167 108 168 168 168 168 168 124 183 184 184 18,'i 184 184 184 185 185 184 184 182 264 204 157 158 158 157 157 157 157 l.J8 157 157 233 234 233 257 23S 233 233 INDEX. 275 VOL. PA(jB vol. PAC.B pratcnsis, L. . 2 234 canescens, Muhl. 2 88 suharislatus, Tursli. . 2 233 Virgiitica, L. 2 88 Alsojihila Pcniiiiana, Spreng. 2 2G0 Andromeda, Z. 2 37 Ahiiic media, L. 94 cicrulea, Z. 2 39 rubella, Wahl. 100 calyculata, Z. 2 39 Alybsi^m, DC. . 49 cupressina, Hook. 2 38 arclicuni, Fl. Dan. 48 hypnoiilcs, Z. 2 37 dcntatuin, Nutt. 49 ligustrina, Muhl. 2 39 Iiyperborcuni, L. 49 lycopodioides, Pnll. 2 38 Lutfovicinimm, Nutt. . 48 panicitlata, L. 2 39 Amabantiiace.i:, Jiisf. . 125 polifolia, Z. 2 38 Amakantiius, L. 125 raccmosa, Mx. 2 39 albusi £. 125 Stelleriana, Pall. (Tail C ^XXI.) 2 37 paniciilntus, L. 125 taxifolia. Pall. 2 39 Ambrosia, Z, ♦ . 309 tctnigona, Z. . 2 38 acaiitliicarpa, Iloo/t. . 809 Anukopogo.v, Z. 2 250 elatior, L, 309 avcnaceus, Mx. 2 257 panioiilata, Mx. 309 dissitijlorus, Mx. 2 250 trifiiia, L. 26 furcatus, Muhl. 2 250 Amei.anciiieu, Medik. . 202 nutans, L. ? . 2 257 Botnapiimi, 1)C. 202 pttrpurasccns, Muhl. . o 25(! grandijhtra, Doug). 202 scopar'uis, Mx. 2 250 ovalis, DC. . 202 Andbosace, Z. 2 11!) parvijlura, Doiigl. 202 Chamirjasnie, Wulff. . 2 119 sangiiiiica, Liiidt. 203 eloiiriata, Kich. 2 119 Amelliis tspiutdusus? Piirsli. 22 occidentalism Nutt. o 119 villosiis, I'lir^li. 22 scDtontrionulis, Z. 2 119 A.MENTACi;.!:, Juss, 144 Anemone, Z. 4 Amiautkus JS'itllfdlii, Gray, 177 aconitifolia, Mx. 8 Am MI, L. 201 alpiua, Z. 5 maju«, Z. . . . 201 apiifulia, Willd. 5 AMMOnilLA, Host. 241 arctica, Fisch. C arundiiiaCL-a, }{ost. 241 Baldt'iisis, Z. . 5 Amoki'iia, Z. . . . 139 borcnlis, Rich. 5 caiiesccus, Nutt. 139 cuncifolia, .Tuss, 5 truticosa, Z. . 139 deltoidea. Hook. (Tab, III .A.) 1 6 micrup/ii/lla, Pursh. 139 dichotoma, L. 8 nana, A'titt. 139 Fischeriann, DC. G nntia f Sims, . 139 fragifera, Jacq. 6 AMrLLlUK^K, 11. cl K. . 114 Hepatica, L. . 9 AMi'ELorsis, Mx. 114 JJepatica, Spreng. 8 quiiupiufolia, Mx. 114 Hudsoiiiana, Herb. Banks 7 Ami'I1u:ari>.j:a, ZV/. ICl JIudsoniana, (3. Rich. . 7 inonoiua, Ell. . Kil lancifulia, Pursh. e Ampli.ctuum, Nutt, 2 194 Luilvviciaiia, Nutt. 4 liyemalo, Nutt. 2 194 inultifi • 1 265 nemoroia, L, , 6 termitum, Pall. 1 267 NuUalliana, DC. 4 ApocvNBiE, Br, 2 51 parviflora, Mx. 5 Apocynum, Br. . 2 51 patens, L. . 4 androstemifolium, L. . 2 51 Ponn»ylvanica, L. (Tab. III. I J.) 1 8 cannabinum, L. (Tab. ( DXXXIX.) 2 51 guinquefolia, L. 6 cannabinum, Mx. 2 51 Richardsoiii, Hook. (T.ib. IV. j K.) 1 6 hynericifoliiim, Ail. [Tt LB. CXL.) 2 52 ranunculoides, var.? Rich. 6 piibescens, Torrey 2 51 tanguinea, Pursh. 17 Sibiricum, Jacq. 2 52 sulp/iurea, L. . 5 Aquilkqia, L. . 24 teneUa, Herb. Banks. 5 brevistyla, L, 24 thalictroides, L. 4 Canadensis, L, 24 triloba, «. Piirsh. 9 vulgaris t Kich. 24 triloba fi. Big. 9 Ababis, X. 41 umbeUata, Will^. 8 alpina, £,. 41 Virginiana. L. (Tab. IV. B.) 7 ambigua, DC. 42 Angelica, Hqfim. 266 Canadensis, L. 43 Archangelica, L. 267 falcata, Mz. . 43 atro-purpurea, L. 267 grandijlora, Willd. 47 lucida, L. , 267 hirsuta, Scop. . 42 triquinata, Mx. 267 laevigata, DC. 43 triquinala, B\g. 267 lyrata, L. 42 Anonymoa aqiiatica, Walt, 219 lyrata, L. 62 Antennaria, Br. 329 nudicaulis, DC. 47 alpina, Br. 329 petrtca. Lam. , .42 Carpatica, Br. 329 retroj'racta, Grab. 41 dioica, Br. 329 rhomboidea, Pers. 44 margaritacea, Br. 329 stricia, Huda. . 42 planlaginifolia, Br. 330 tuberoaa, Pers. 44 rucemosa, Hook. 330 Araliace^, Jiiaa. 272 Anthemis, L. . 318 Aralia, Don. 274 Cotula, L. 318 erinacea, Hook. 273 Anthericum, L. 2 183 hispida, Mx. . 274 serotinum, L. . •2 183 nudicaulis, L. . 274 Anthoxanthdm, L. 2 235 racrinosa, L. . 274 odoratuin, L. . 2 235 Arbutus, L. 2 36 AtUiphylla spatliulata. Haw. 1 243 alpina, L. 2 37 Antirrhinum Linaria, L, 2 94 laurifolia, L. . 2 36 Canadense, L. . 2 94 Meuziesii, Pursh. 2 36 Anychia, Mx. . 226 procera, Dougl. 2 36 Canadensis, Ell. 226 touientosa, Pursh, (Ta B. CXXX.) 2 36 dicholoma. Mi. 226 Uva-Ursi, Z. . 2 37 Apakqia, Schreb. 296 Arceuthobiuh, Bitb. 1 277 autuinnalis, Willd. 296 Oxyccdri, Bieb. (Tab XCIX.) 1 278 Afios, Boerh. 161 Abchanqelica, Uojfm. 1 267 tuberosa, Maench. 161 Gmelini, DC. 1 267 INDEX. 277 lou UOI TOU MOB officinale, Hoffin. . I 267 inoUii, Hofih, , 1 331 Iriquinata, Hofftn. 1 267 montana, L. ■ 1 330 Abctidh, L. . 1 801 montana, 0. h. 1 330 Bardana, Sw. . . 1 aoi obtuaifolia, Less.? 1 330 Lappa, L. . 1 301 planlaginea, Pursh. 1 331 Arctostaphylot tomentosa, Dougl. 2 37 Unalaachkiana, Less. ? 1 330 Abbnaria, X. . 1 97 Aroide*, Br. . 2 168 arctica, Steven, (Tab. XXIV. A. B.) I 100 Aroma arbulifolia, Ell, 1 204 buxifolia, Pair. 1 101 arbutifolia, fi. Torr. 1 204 Canadetuis, Pers. 1 98 Botryapium, Pers. 1 202 fasciculata, Pur$h. . . 1 101 melanocarpa. Ell. 1 204 Franklinii, J)ougI. (Tab. XXXV.) '; 1 101 ovalia, Pers. . 1 202 hirta, Wornuk. 1 99 pyrifolia, Pen. 1 204 ''uniperina, 5m. 1 98 aanguinea, Nutt. 1 203 laricifolia, L. . 1 98 Artemisia, L. . 1 321 lateriflora, £. (Tab. XXXVI.) 1 102 arctica, Besaer. 1 323 : macrocarpa, Pursh. 1 101 arctica. Less. . 1 324 ; macropliylla, Hook. (Tab. XXXVII. biennis, Willd. 1 325 A.B.) . . . 1 102 borealis, Pall. I 326 nardifolia, Ledeb. (Tab. XXXII.) 1 98 ceespitosa, Leat. 1 324 peploides, L. . 1 102 cana, Pursh. . 1 325 phyaodea, DC. 1 103 Canadensia, Mx. 1 325 propinqua. Rich. 1 97 Chamissoniana, Sesa. . 1 324 Pumilio, Br. . . . 1 100 Columbienaia, Nutt. . 1 325 ' Pureliiana, DC. 1 102 desertorum, Spreng. . 1 325 guadrivalvis, Br. . 1 100 discolor, Dougl. 1 822 Rossii, Br. . . . 1 100 Douglasiana, Bess 1 323 rubella, Hook. 1 100 Dracunculus, X. 1 326 rubra, L. . . . 98 frigida, Willd. 1 321 .tricta, iMx. (Tab. XXXIII.) 1 99 glomerata, Lesa. 1 324 thymifoHa, Pursii. I 102 Hiapanica, Jacq. 1 325 verna, X. . . . I 99 Hookeriana, Bess. 1 322 Arbtbusa, Sw. . i 2 201 Indica, Willd. 1 322 bulbosa, Xi. . 2 201 integrifolia. Rich. 1 323 ophiogloaaoidea, L. . ' 2 201 Lindleyana, Bess. 1 322 parviflorn, Mx. 2 202 longifolia, Nutt. 1 323 pendula, Wilid. 2 202 Ludoviciana, Bess. 1 322 trianthophora, Sw. 2 202 matricarioides, Less. . 1 327 AbISTOLOCHIE^, J((«S. . 2 139 Michauxiana, Besa. 1 324 Abnica, X. . . . 1 330 Nuttalliana, Bess. 1 324 alpina, Less. . 1 330 Preseottiaua, Beaa. 1 324 angualifolia, Vahl. 1 330 Purshiana, Besa. 1 323 Chamisaonia, Less.? . 1 330 spithamaa, Pursh, 1 326 cordifolia, J/ooA. 1 331 Tilesii, Ledeb. : 324 Julgeiu. Pursh. 1 331 virgata. Rich. I 321 ? maritima, £• 1 331 virgala. Rich. 1 325 Meiiziesii, Hook. 1 331 vulgaris, X. 1 322 278 INDEX. Arum, L. tripliyllum, L. Anindo arenaria, L. Canadensis, Mx. neglccta, Khrli. Phrugmites, L. itricia, L. striijosa, Walil. A9ABUM, L. Canadcnso, L. AscLEriADt.K, Br. AscLEi'iAs, Br. . Doiiglasii, Hook. (Tab hybrida, Mx. . incarnata, L. . lanceolala, Juss. lonijifuUa, Mx. 'i nivea, L. obovata. Ell. . ph'jtulaccoidcs, Lyon, (juadrifulia, ^acy. Syriaca, L. tuberosa, L. varKj.'ata, L. . variogata, p. Iloch. (Ta vertk-illata, L. (Tab. CXLIV, viridiflora, liC. 1 150 pcrcgrinm, Nees, 2 7 Laxmanni, Pall. I 149 pra'cox, Nees, 2 9 leiitiginosus, Dougl. 1 151 puiiiccus, Nees, 2 10 lotiflorus, //oo/j. 1 152 pygniiLMis, Lindl. 2 6 mclanocarpon, i^raj. 1 150 Radula, Nees, 2 7 melanocarpus, Hook. 1 150 ramiiiosus, Lindl. 2 13 Missouriensis f Nutt. 1 150 Kicliardsoiiii, Sprcng. 2 7 montanus, Jacq. 1 145 rigidus, L. 2 21 nigrescens. Pall. I 147 rubricaulis, Nees, 2 13 nitidus, Dougl. 1 149 sagiltitblius, Nees, 2 9 ortliocarpus, Dougl. 1 152 talicifulius, Kicli. 2 10 parviflofus. Lam. 1 148 salsuginosus, Itich. 2 6 paucitlorus, i/ooA. 1 149 salsiiginosus, Less. 2 7 pcctinatiis, Doug!. 1 142 Shortii, J/ook. (in foot note) 2 9 Pursbii, Duugl. 1 152 soliilayinoides, Mx. 2 U retrujlexus. Pall. 1 148 spaliiulatus, Lindl. 2 8 secundus, Mx. 1 150 strictus, Nees, 2 13 sucailaitus. Rich. 1 150 itrictus, Pursh. 2 7 euccumbuns, Dougl. 1 151 T^^i 280 INDEX. triphyllut, Piirsh. VOL, 1 PAOI 143 VOL, leevicaulis, Dougl. (Tab, LXIX,) 1 PitOI 221 vaginatus, Palt. 1 149 parviflora, Dougl. 1 221 Uralentis, L. 1 14d Bartsia, I. 2 106 Atheropogon oUgoitachya, Nult. 2 242 acuminata, Purab, 2 100 Athtbium, Pretl 2 262 alpina, L. 2 106 anguttatum, Preil. a 262 coccinea, L. 2 105 Filix-roemina, Roth, 2 262 pallida, Mx. 2 105 fragile. Rich. 2 260 pallida, L. 2 105 Alragene Americana, Sims, v.; 1 2 tenui/olia, Pursb, 2 105 Atbiplex, L. 2 128 Batis, L. 2 128 anguttifolia, Sm. 2 138 ? veriniculata. Hook. . 2 128 caneacena, Nult. 2 128 Batschia Caroliniana, Rtem. 2 88 Gmelini, ilfon, . 2 44 pinnata, Lagasc. 28 Lapponica, L. 2 43 repens, Bot, Reg. 29 nudiflora, L. 2 42 vulgaris, Z. . 28 periclymenoides, Mx. 2 42 Detdla, L. 2 155 procumbens, J^. 2 44 carpinifolia, Ebrh. 2 156 viicosa, L. . 2 42 excelsa. Ait. 2 1.56 AzoLLA, /.am. . 2 268 glandulosa, Mx. 2 156 Caroliniana, TFiV/rf. , . 2 268 incana, L. 2 157 mierophi/lla, Kaulf. 2 268 lenta, L. 2 156 Bahia, l,ag. 315 lutea, Mz. 2 156 artemisiit'rolia. Less. 315 nana, L. 2 156 Balsamine^., Sich. 117 occidentulis. Hook, 2 156 Baptisia, Vent. 129 ovata, Schr, 2 157 alba, Br. . 129 papyracea, Ait. 2 155 tinctoria, JJr. 129 populifolia, Alt. 2 155 Babbabea, Br. 39 puQiila, L. 2 156 prtetox, Br. 39 serrulata. Ait. 2 157 vulgaris, Br. 39 BiDENS, L. 1 314 Bartonia, Xittt. 221 cernua, L. 1 214 albicaulis, Bougl. 222 cbrysantbcmoides, Mx. 1 314 INDEX. S»l vol. PAGE VOL. PAOI connata, Willd. 1 314 purgans, L. 2 252 fronclosa, /.. 1 314 Sitclicnsis, Bong. 2 253 pilosii, L. I 314 ttrigosus, Bieb. 2 234 Ulechnuu, i.. 2 263 Brizopyrum boreale. 2 244 boreale, Siv. li 263 Bunias maritima, Purah. 59 doodioideii, Hook. 2 263 BUFLEORUH, Z. 263 Bt.EFHARIFAFFlI8, Hoo/l. 1 316 angulosum, Schul. 263 glaiululosus, Hook. 1 316 ranunculoides, L, 263 scabcr, Hook. 1 316 Cacalia atriplicifolia, Willd. 332 BtlTUM, L. 2 126 reniformis, Willd. 332 capitalum, /'. 2 126 Cacte.i:, Vent. . 229 chcnopodioidcs, Nutt, 2 126 Cakile, L, 59 ROEIIMERIA, X. 2 142 JEgyptiaca, Juss. 59 cylindrical Pursh, 2 142 Americana, Null. 59 HoLTONiA, L' Hint. 2 23 edentula, Hook. 59 glastifolin, Pursh, 2 23 Calamauostris, Adans. 2 240 Boottia syhestris, Big. . 1 186 Aleutica, Trin. 2 241 B0KAGINE.E, Jtiss. 2 80 arenaria, Roth. 2 241 Boschnajahia glabra, Bungi', 2 02 Canadensis, Beauv. 2 240 BOTRYCHIUM, Sw. 2 26a Canadensis, Nutt. 2 240 gracile, Pursh, 2 265 coarctata, Torr. 2 240 Lunuria, Sw. 2 265 colurata, Siblh. 2 234 obliquum, Muht. 2 265 longifolia. Hook. 2 241 silaifolium, Presl. 2 266 JMexicana, Nutt. 2 240 simplex, Hitch. 2 265 purpiirasccns, Br. ' 2 240 Virgiiiicuni, Su\ 2 266 stricta, Nutt. . 2 240 Botri/pus Viryinianus, Mx. 2 266 strigosa. Bong. 2 241 Brachyclytrum erectum, Reauv. 2 237 sylvatica, Trin. 2 240 aristatum, R. et S. . 2 237 Calla, L. 2 169 Braciiybis, Nutt. 2 23 palustris, L. 2 169 Eullmmia, Nutt. 2 23 Calligonum canescens, Pursh, 2 128 Brasenia peltata, Pursh, 32 Calliofsis, lleich. 311 Brava, Stenib. 65 Atkinsoniana, Hook. . 311 alpiiia, Steriib. 65 Callitriche, L, 216 arctica, Hook. 66 ayuatica. Big. 217 glabella, Jiicft. 65 atjuatica, y. Sm. 217 pilosa. Hook. (Tab. XVII. A. 1 65 autuninalis, L. 217 Briza Canadensis, Mx. 2 240 brcvifulia, Pursh, 217 Brizofyrum, Presl. 2 254 heterophylla, Pursh, . 217 boreale, Presl, 2 254 linearis, Pursh, 217 s\»catum, H. and A. . 2 254 terrcstris, Uqfin. 217 Brodia:a, Sm. 2 186 vcrna, L. . . . 217 congesta, Sm. 2 186 Calluna vulgaris, Salisb.* coronaria, Salisb. 2 186 Calochortus, Pursh, . 2 183 graiuliflora. Hook. 2 186 grandijlora, Nutt. 2 185 252 * This should have been inserted at p. 89, as an in- Brombs, L. 2 habitant of NewJ'oundlaud, on the « Pylaie. utbority of Ue la VOL. n. 2 N 282 INDEX. cipgani, PuTsh, mnerncarpin, Daiiffl. nitidii^, Doii'il. Cai.oi'doon, lir. piiU'lii'lliis, Sr. Caltiia, L. arctic.i, I)r. fl9iirifoII;i, DC. bi flora, J)C. lcptoso|i(ila, DC. (Tab. X.) imtiuis. Pall. imliistris, L. Cai.vi'so, SfiliKh. Americnnn, Br. borenlis, Sniisli. (.'alystebia, Br. scpiiiin, /?;•. fpitliaiiiuM, Piirsli, tomentiisri, Piirsli, Camassia, Liiiill. esciileiitii, llooh. (."amki.ina, Cruiil:, harbiiroafiilia, J)C. Campantlace.!:, Dr. ('AMPASiaA, L. (iriDiiiiiiilii, Mx. algi'la, Fisch. Anierirsiia, Al/>fi. DC, nm/ili.iiaiiilis, Mx. apariiioiilcs, Al/i/i, DC dasyantlui. A//>/i. DC. f\uhh, A/p/i. DC. erinoith.t, Miilil. lusiorariia, Alph. DC. linifuliii, Alpli. DC. nitida. Ait. perfolinla, L. pelioLiia, Af/>/i. DC. plaiiillora, Ahifi. DC. prateiisis. Al/ih. DC. rotiimliliilia, Al/i/i. lie. rotuiiitiJiiUn, (i. Kicli. Scdultri, Jlmih. (I'ab. CXXV uiiUloia, Aliili. DC. . Cannabis, L. sativa, L. Caiitua parvifloru, Pursh, 2 2 2 2 2 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 o 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 I ■) ■2 •2 2 2 •) 2 o 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 •2 2 2 •2 2 o p«an 18.1 1H.'J 1H3 202 202 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 10.5 103 105 77 77 77 77 l«j 18 J 05 0.5 20 20 2S 28 28 20 28 27 27 28 28 27 28 29 27 27 28 29 )42 142 74 CAri'AHinH.'E, JltSS, CAPniFoi.ucK.*:, Jusa. Caprifhlium lirnctcuauiiii cilinsum, Doiigl. citiosinn, I'lirsh, Oninihtsii, l.iiiill. occi'/iiitdle, I.iiidl. imnujioniin, I'lirsli, pdrnijUiriiin. KIcli. pubi'.tctm, (iolil. Cai'sii.i.a, Vent, liiirs 1 Pastoris, Manch C\ui)AMiNi:, L. aiiiinhila, lloo/i. nrliiii/ala, Piirsli, brllidirdia, L. di'.'it.ita, Jiirh. liiisliiliitn. Sill. hirfiita, L. Moiizii'sii, llooh. Minziisii, DC. jimvi^ora t L. Piiimtiih'niiicii, Mill prtrira, Litjhif. jiralni'ii'', //. purpiiri'a, Chum. rhoiiihoiilin, DC. rotiiiidifidia, M.r. siilvdiii'ii, L. ? f'iri/iiiicn, L. Caudui^i, L. arvciisis. Sin. . discolor. Null. foliosus, llooh. lani'rolatiis, L. IllUticMlS, Nllit. ndot'iliis, Mulil. piiinilus, .\iitl. riMiiolitiiliiis, Hook. CakkX) I-. aculri, OcHoy, adiisla, Hiiott. affiiiis, It. fir. al/ia, var. Dowpy. aiiiplifolia, flo((«, (Tab aiupidlaci-a, (rootl. ampullticea, Dewi'V, Mx. CCXXVI) 2 I'AI.K 70 27H 282 282 2e:i 282 282 282 282 282 00 0!) 43 44 47 44 46 42 45 46 02 45 45 42 45 44 44 44 45 45 302 ;I02 302 303 302 302 302 .302 302 207 218 215 20!) 220 228 221 221 INDEX. S83 Diicep!!, Miiht. iiiigiistula, IJonll. aiitliericdiilnii. l'ri:sl. mitlioxuiitlia, J'lesl. apcrta, lioult. (Tab. CCXIX. a(|imlili9i W/i-/)/uirophorii, Gray, broinoiilcs, Schk.- Iiullala, Sc/ili. . Uujhiwmii, Walil. i'U.'«|iitosa, L. . caiicscpns, L. . cniicscuiis, A. Torr. oapilluris, /<. . capitatu, L. Curltonia, Dcwcy, eoplmldpliora, Muhl. cliordorliiza, Lhrli. circinnata, Meyer. Columbiana, Dewey, compacia, R. Br. coiiciiiiia, li. lir. concolur, K. Hr. cuiiniileai Schk. orinita, Larn. . crislala, iSe/iw. ' cryptoearpa, Meyer, iMirta, Quod. . ilebilis, Mx. Doweyana, Scfiw. dinicH, /^. i!ii)itali.i, Seliw. iliililalis, Willd. dis|)criiiu, Dewey, Douglasii, Boott. (Tab. CCXIV.) vot. PAQB 'i 2'.2fi 2 218 2 2U 2 209 2 218 2 210 2 227 o 2lfl 2 214 2 222 2 222 2 210 2 209 2 220 2 209 2 210 2 210 2 220 2 227 2 212 2 221 2 210 2 217 2 210 2 214 2 227 2 208 2 214 2 216 2 211 2 209 2 217 2 220 2 223 2 217 2 226 2 219 2 215 2 219 2 214 2 216 2 213 o 208 2 217 o 220 2 211 2 213 1M, I'Al.l' olmrnoa, Boolt. (Tab. CCXXV.) 2 220 (■1iin),'utu, L. . 2 213 Emmonsii, Dowey, 2 223 fc»tiva, Ihinii, 2 215 fesliicacoa, Schh. 2 215 HIifolia, Nutl. 2 208 tiliforrnifi, L. , 2 223 llavu, /..... 2 225 llexilis, Itutlye, 2 227 Jk.cunsa, Sclik. 2 210 foUiciilata, L. . 2 221 fiilUculata, Sclik. 2 221 IVanklimi, Uonlt. (Tab. CCXVIII.) 2 217 fiilijfiiiosa, Sternb. 2 224 fiilvu, Good. 2 225 fulvicoiiia, Dewey, 2 211 glaroosa, Walil. 2 214 Gincliiii, Hooh. 2 210 grac'iHiiiia, Schw. 2 217 giamilaris, Muhl. 2 22(i Giayami, Dewey, 2 224 licli'iiiiustcs, L. 2 214 Hcpbtiniii, Boott, (Tab. CCVII.) o 20S» hirsiila, WUtd. 2 216 Iloodii, Ilooh. (Tab. CCXI.) 2 211 Ilookoriaiia, Dewey, {'Vsn. CCXII.) 2 212 Hoppneri, i;oo». (Tab. CCXX.) 2 219 Iliiiii:litoni, Torr. 2 223 hijhridn, Sclik. 2 228 Iiy.stericina, Muhl. 2 222 iiifurva, Liijhlf. 2 211 intermcdiu, Good. 2 212 iiitiinicsi'eiis, Itudge, . 2 221 ii'rijjiia, Smith, 2 244 Jamesii, Torr. 2 220 laciislris, Willd. 2 227 luynpina, Wahl. 2 214 lajfopodioidcs, Schh. . 2 214 lamijiinosa, Mx. 2 223 liUifolia, Schk. 2 220 luxci, Dpwey, 2 224 laxiHora, Lam. 2 226 leiocarpa, Meyer, 2 208 lunticnlariii, Mx. 2 219 Icporina, L. . • 2 214 Liddoiii, Boott, (Tab. CCXV.) 2 214 liinosa, L. . 2 224 asi * INDEX. Till. Ptol Hill. fAur liinoia H. Walil. s 224 Parryana, Dewey, . , 2 21(1 limota y, Walil. 2 224 ' pau/iercidii, Mx. . . 2 224 limoia i. WhIiI. 3 224 paufterculn, T(irr. a 220 livida, WMl 2 224 pediiiipiiluta, Miihl. , 2 217 loliacea, Oowcy, 2 211 peltita, Miild. . , 2 223 longiroatria, 'I'orr*!/, . 2 222 I'eninylvanica, Lam. . . 2 223 Iiipulinii, Jtltihl. 2 221 petiisatii, Dewey, -, , 2 214 Lyoiii, Buutl. (Tab. CCVIII.) 2 200 petricomi, Dewey, . . 2 21U macroccplmla, Willd. (Tai .CCXVI 0 2 215 plmMutueiiya, .S'mi. . . "J 22n macrochicta, Metf. , 2 219 pliyioearpn, Pretl, , 2 210 marcida. Booft, {Tw. CCXIII.) 2 212 pliintaginca, Lam. . 2 220 mart/i»n/a, Mulil. 2 223 plnntaiiinea, Mnlil. 2 220 marina, Dewey, ■ 2 214 podoearpa, R. Br. (Tab. CCXXIV.) 2 224 maritinia, Midler, 2 210 poiytrielioides, Muhl. . 2 200 media f 11. Br, 2 210 Pscudo-eyporii!!, L. . . 2 222 mcmbranacpa. Hook. . 2 220 pulicscensi, Muhl . , 2 223 Metuieiiana, ^in. 2 215 pidta, (iuod. . , 2 220 Mrrteiisii, /"rwroW, (Tab. CCXVII )'-i 217 Pvrenaicii, Wahl, , 2 210 microgldcliiii, Wahi. . 2 210 rurillora, Sm. 2 224 micrnpoda, il/ry. 2 200 recta, Bootl, (Tab. CCXXU.) 2 220 microstacliya, Ehrh. 2 223 Bedownkiana, Mey. . , 2 20(i microslac/iya, Mx. 2 209 rtmuta, Kiel). . . 2 213 iiiiliaccai Afu/d. 2 21(1 relrollexH, Muhl. 2 212 inil'mris, Mx. 2 224 roirorsa, Schw. . . 2 222 misnndra, K. Br. 2 224 Uichardi, Mx. . . 3 214 Muldonhcrgii, Schh. 2 212 Ricliardsoni. U. J3;'.{Tab. CCXXIIl.) 2 223 inurlcata, L. 2 212 rigida, (iood. . 2 217 iniiltitlora, Miild. 2 212 rosea, SchA. 2 212 mutica, R. Br. •2 22(5 Kuitii, Boolf, . 2 222 nigclla, Buott. >> 225 roBlrala, Sclik. 2 222 nigra, Allion. 2 224 rostrala, Mx. 2 221 nigricans, Metier, 2 210 rotuiidata, H'ahl. 2 220 Nova AnijUiP, Scliw. 2 223 rupcslris, Allion. . 2 209 Oakesiunn, Dewey, 2 220 aalina, H'ahl. 2 219 ubtuiata, LdJ. 2 209 saxatilis, £. . . . 2 220 (Edcri, Ehrh. . 2 225 laxatilis, Fl. Dan. 2 217 nligocarpa, .S'cA/j. 2 220 scabrata, Schw. . 2 222 oligoiipernui, 3fx. •i 220 Schweinit/.ii, Dewey, , . 2 222 urnithopoda, Dewey, . 5 223 scirpuidea, jI/j:. 2 208 ovalis, Good, 2 214 Schkuhrit, Dewey, 2 225 ovata, Rudije, 2 210 scopiiri^i, Schh. . 2 214 ovata, Dewey, 2 217 Scouleri f Torrey, . 2 219 pallcsccns, L. 2 220 siccala, Dewey, . 2 212 pallida, Mey. 2 212 Sitchcnsis, i'/rscoW.CTAB. CCXXI.) 2 220 panicea (3. Wahl. 2 220 speclabitis, Dcwcy, . 2 219 paradoxa, Schk. 2 213 stelluUta, Good. 2 214 paucirtora, Liij/df. 2 210 • 8teno|iliyllu, Wahl. . . 2 211 I INDEX. fM vol.. FAIll VOL. r*iiH ulipala, Miihl, 3 aia palliita, Benth. 3 lor> iniiiiinca, Srhk. , , ■i aia •nptontrionalii, Benth. 3 lO.) itriala, Mx, a 223 Sibinca, Linill. 3 lOA itrictai fJixiil. i 318 Catabroiia, Beauv. 3 24U uti/lotaf Meyur, a 310 R(|uatira, Beniiv. 2 240 iuhtpal/taceii, Worinik. •i sto Cnii/ophylliim griicik, Duiig[I. 1 no iiiliulata, Mj'. 'i 321 thdlictroitlet, Mi. 1 ;io ■upiiia, Wii/il. , 'i 325 CEANOTIirn, L. 1 124 lylvatica, Dowuy, 'i 327 Amcrlcaniii, L. . 1 124 tpiitttculttta, Miihl. •i 333 grantlii, D' ugl. 1 12.) tonuillora, Wuhl. 3 314 int-rmcJiui, P\tuh, 1 134 tenuU, \Un\ifv, r -i\V lODv'gatii!!, , h.iijl. 1 124 teretiuicula, (Suoit. 3 313 tvitlit, \S' j 1 124 Tolmiei, Boolt. ■i 3!<4 j»i /,ii!ii.'u», Punh, ' . 1 12.) triceps, Mx. 2 'iW tli^roil'ii-ud, '.'. iha. 1 1'.'.% trichocarpn, JUiifil. •i 222 v.'l.i;imn. J/juffl. ('I'ab. X'jV .) 1 I2A triiporma, lieiiey. 2 313 Crf.A«Tw»NK^:, Pr. 1 no umbullata, Schh. 'i 222 tItii.A.irRi'c. /.. 1 120 iiriina, Dewey, (Tab. (JCX.) 2 211 scam!«nj L, t lao Uitulata, WaM. ■ a 234 Ctvnr, L. 3 K.3 iitriculata, UooU. a '11\ (.•clJon'i'.l'ui. •' I XVi vaginata y Tuutcli. . 2 n\i OrNTVnsA /'. m Valilii, Schk. 2 2'.0 nigra, L. \ 801 yam, Mufil. 2 223 Cirll.VLAMHt.9, L. 1 !i87 vcsiearia, L. 2 231 OtT.'uitmivliji •' . 1 2f.7 veticaria, Dowuy, 2 221 Ce«/.si'9, Jw.m , 1 K.'T viriduln, Mx. 2 22.'> liO''C I 11* .\incricanu!i, Willil. 2 ICO inrl'ii, D'.u'/l. ( IU9 Ottrya, Mx. . 2 too iiigrii. Lain. 1 ler Carum, L. 1 201 Peninylvauifa, IHi 1 108 Coriii, L. 1 201 pumila, DC. . 1 107 Cauya, Nittt- 2 143 pumila. Mi. . < 168 alba, Nutt. 2 liJ i.iotini., i ois. 1 169 amara, Nutt. . 2 U4 Viigiiiiati'*, Ah' 1 169 CABYOPHYI-I.EiE, J«*«. . 1 H7 CKPAsrmv, i. 1 103 Castanea, Gcerln. 2 \oi ul-iinuui, Xi. 1 104 chrysophylla, Doii/jl. . 2 159 .iljiiliu'f, tEtl. 1 104 Castilleja, Nutt. 2 lor, ar\eii8e, L. 1 104 cocciiiea, Benth. , 10.C live lie, Rich. 1 104 coccinea, Doug). 2 105 Bcuriiigianum, Cham. 1 105 hispida, Benth. 2 l.)3 clongttluin, Pursh, I 103 ininmta, Benth. 2 100 Fisclierianiim, Sm. 1 103 11 886 INDEX. ^ VOL. PAQB VOU I'AUK gliitjiiosuni, Niitt. . 1 103 maritininm ': L. 2 126 hitijiptdunculiitum, ^-'V} . 1 105 ruliriini, L. . 2 127 nutans, Ha/in. 1 104 ': sjiinosuni, Ilouk. 2 127 Pciinsvlvanicuni, Horn. 1 104 ui liii'nni, L.f 2 127 jiuliescens. Gold. . , 1 104 viridc. Curt. 2 127 rigidum, I.cdeb. . 1 105 ? zostera'rolinin, Hooh. 2 127 stellarioldp.i, Moc. . . 1 103 Ciii.MAi'HiLA, Pursh. 2 49 tenuifoUum, Torr. 1 104 niaculata, Pumh. 2 49 viscosnin, L. . . 1 103 McMizicsii, 5r.(TAD. CXXXVIII.) 2 40 vulgatuin, L. . . 1 103 unibellata, Pursh. 2 49 Ceratociiloa, Beauv. '.? 253 Cliiroiiia campanulata, L. 2 70 Ijrcvi-aristnta, ITuiih. (Tad. aiiijuhris, L, 2 70 CCXXXIV.) . 2 253 gracilis, M.\. 2 70 Srandiflora, //oo/i. (Ta;i. CCXXXV.) 2 253 Chkysantiiemum, L. 1 310 ('EllATOrilVl.LE.V. G)V///. 2 118 arciiciini, L. . 1 319 ('EnATOlMlVLLI.'M, L. . 1 218 intcttrifolium, lUch. (Tad. CIX.) 1 319 demersum? Z. • . 1 218 gritiidijiornm. Hook. 1 320 Ceralospermnm papposum, Pers. 2 126 Leucinthcinnin, L. 1 319 Ceiicis, L. . . . \ KiO ? nanuin, Hooli. 1 320 Canadensis, L. . . I 167 C/irjjsocoma gramiHifolia, L. 2 G Charophyllum Canadeiise, Pcrs. 1 2G2 C/iri/sopsis alba, Null. 2 21 Claijtoni, Pnrsli. 1 272 aiiiiigdidina, Nutt. 2 23 CiiAM.tRiionos, Bung. . 1 100 /nimilis, Nutt. 2 23 crocia. liiinij. 1 1 90 sccdna, Nutt. 2 22 Chkiiantius, i'w. . . 2 2(jt vil/osd, Nutt. 2 22 iiidcili.i, S\v, ... 2 2fi4 Ciiir-osi'LENiuM, Town. 1 241 vostiliis, Sw. . 2 204 alteniiroliiini, L. 1 241 CHEinASTiirs, Br. . 1 38 Anu'ricanum, Svhw. . 1 242 nspcr, Nutt. ... 1 64 oppositiroliiun, /-. 1 242 n.«/)f/-, Schl. ... 1 38 ojijKi.'iiliJotiuni, Mx. 1 242 capilatii.i, Doiiij:! . . 1 38 CuiNuiA, Adiins. 2 09 frysiinoidus, L. . . 1 04 f.\aliata, (iriseb. (Tab. CLVII.) 2 09 Pallasii, Pursh, . 1 38 CiciionicM, L. . 1 297 Pallasii/ Piirsli, . 1 CO Intylius, L. . 1 297 pi/gmmis, Adams, . . 1 GO CicriA, L. . 1 2.59 scapiijer f Adams, . 1 47 bulbilfra, Mx. 1 200 ClIELONE, L, . . 2 94 niaculata, L. . 1 259 glabra, L. . 2 94 virosi, L. . . . 1 259 ncmorosa (l)y error " raniosa" ), Dougl. 2 95 Cimicifmja JKtida, L. 1 26 CHENOrODE.f:, Juss. 2 125 puhnata, Mx. 1 20 Che.vopodiiim, L. . . 2 120 ronniusii, Hart, 1 27 alliiini, L. . 2 127 scr/wntdrin, i'lirsli, 1 27 oaloeoliforme, Hook. . 2 120 Cin'in artindinacea, Willd. 2 237 Jicifol'mm, E. Bot. . 2 127 Cinc.KA, L. . 1 215 gflauciim, L. . 2 127 alpina, L. . I 215 humile, Hook. , . 2 127 Luti'tiana, /,. 1 215 > intermedium, Mert. 2 127 Cirsium mulicum, Mx. 9 1 302 INDEX. 287 vou PAHR vot. PAGF. Cissits hecleracea, Pursli, 114 Cnidium, Cusson, I 264 Cistinea:, Jitss. 71 Canadcnse, Spr. 1 264 Ciatiis Canaiknsis, Willd 72 Cochlearia, Tourn. 1 56 Cineraria atro-piirpurea, Lcdeb. 334 Anglica, L. 1 57 Canadensis, L. 333 Danica, L. I 57 congesta, Br. 334 fcncstrata, Br. 1 57 frigidn. Rich. 334 nutans, Ledeb. 1 39 intcfjrijb/ia, Jacq. 335 obloncrifolia, DC. 1 56 Lewisii, Ilicli, 2 17 officinalis, L. . 1 57 fi/rala, Leilcb, 333 septenUionalis, DC. 1 57 palustris, L. 334 siliquosa, Sc/d. 1 57 CisTOPTEBis, Bcrnh. 2 200 spatluilata, Schl. 1 57 bulbifcra, Bcrnh. 2 200 tridactylitos, DC. 1 57 fragilia, lienih. 2 200 Col.I.OMIA, Nult. 2 75 montana, Link. 2 200 Iiellidifolia, Doiigl. 2 70 Clakkia, I'ttrsh, 214 gracilis, Duugl. 2 70 piilcliella, Pursh, 214 granilillor.i, Dougl. 2 70 rliomljoUloa, Douijl. 24 humilis, Dongl. 2 70 Claytonia, L. 223 lictcropliylla, Dougl. 2 75 alsiiioidcs, Pursh, 22.-) lincMris, MUt. . 2 76 Caroliniana, Mx.' 2:24 CoLLlSSIA, Autt. 2 94 Cnbcnsis, Boiipl. 22,^, grandiflora, Lindl. 2 94 filicaulis, Duii'jl. (Tab. LXXII.) 224 parvillora, Lindl. (by en or"pauciflora")2 94 griindijiora. Sweet, 2-.i4 Coi.LtNSOMA, L. 2 113 laiiccolata, Pursh, 224 Canadensis, L. 2 113 linearis, Douijl. (Tab. LXXI.) 224 ovalis, I'nrsli, . 2 )13 parvillora, DdikjI. (Tad . LXXIII.) 22j CoironiuM, 7'rin. 2 23t! parvijiora ? Moc. 224 arinidinaeenin, llooh. 2 238 perfoliaia, Donn, 22.-I latifolium, Br. 2 238 Sibirica, L. V 22j lutifolium, /3. Ktb. 2 238 spatlmlata, Dougi. Tab. LXXIV.) 220 ])aiicilloruni, llu'}k. 2 238 apathuhijalia, Sal. 224 COMANUKA, Null. 2 138 Uiialasfliliciisis, I'isch. 22j livida. Rich. (Tab. CI .XXIX. B.) 2 139 Virjriiiiea, L, . 224 nniliellata,i\'^f/«.(TAB. CLXXIX. A.) 2 139 Clemati.s, L. 1 CoMAiiopsis, Itich 1 177 Doiifrlasii, Hooh. (Tab I.) . 1 Dtmiana, DC. 1 177 hirsu/issinia, Pursli, 4 fragaridiiU's, DC. I 177 ohlii/ua, Dongl. 2 pidnta, DC. 1 181 vcrtieillaris, DC. o Comarum paliistre, L. 1 187 Virginian!!, L. 1 CoMMELINIC.i:, Hr. 2 167 Cleome, L. 70 Commelina duhiu, Jacq. 2 187 dudccaiidra, Mx. 70 51 J2 292 lulea, Hook. (Tab. XXV.) 70 CoMi'OsiT.i:, Juss. 1 Clinopiiilium iiicanutn, L 113 CoMi'TciNiA, (ia:rt. 2 100 vulf/firc, L, 2 114 aspU'niif'olia, ^iit. 2 100 Clintoma, Duuijl. 2 30 CoMKKii.i:, Juss. 2 nil eleifanf, Douyl. •2 31 CoNlOSELlNUM, FiSck. 1 205 288 INDEX. Fischeri, Wimm. Tataricum, Hoffm. Conopodium Canadense CoNIUM, L. niuculatum, L. Convallaria bifolia, L. Canadensis, Pursh, muUiJiora, L. . racemosa, L. . stellata, L. trifolia, L. CONVOLVULACE^, JuSS. Convolvulus, L. arvensis, Ctiois. panduratus, Atx. repens, L. strpium, L. spithamceus, L. Stans, Mx. Conyza iinijblia, L. CoPTis, Salish. . aspleniliolia, Salisb. (T trifolia, Salisb. C0RALLOBU17.A, Br. hyemalis, Nutt. innata, Br. innata, Eat. . innata, Nutt. Mcrtensiana, Bong. multillora, Nutt. odontorrhiza, Nutt. verna, Nutt. Wisteriana, Conrad, CoilEOPSIS, L. . Athinsoniana, Lindl. laiiccoUtai L. CORISI'ERMUM, L. hyssopifulium, Stev. CoBNE*, DC. CoBNUS, L. alba, L. alba, Walt. ,' . altcrnifolia, L. Canadensis, L. I'ircinnata, L'Hvr, ctrcinnata, Cham. fastiijiata, Mx. Koch, AB. XI vol. PAfiU 1 266 florida, L. 1 266 lanuginosa, Mx. 1 262 paniculata, L' Her. 1 272 rugosa. Lam. . 1 272 sanguincn, L. •2 175 sericca, L'Htr. 2 175 stolonifera, Mx. 2 176 stricta, Lam. . 2 175 Succica, L. 2 175 tomentosula, Mx. 2 175 COBOLLIFLOR^, DC. 2 76 CoRYLUS, L. 2 76 Americana, Wahl. 2 77 rostrata. Ait. . 2 77 CoRYDAlIS, DC. 2 77 aurca, Willd. . 2 77 Canadensis, Gold. 2 77 cucullaria, Pcrs. 2 77 formosa, Pursh. 2 U fungusa. Vent. 1 23 glauca, Pers. . 1 23 pauciflora, Pers. 1 23 posonicefolia, DC. ? •J 194 Scoulcri, Hook. (Tab 2 194 tenuifolia, Pursh, 2 194 Cbassulace^, DC. 2 194 Cbatjegi's, Lindl. 0 194 Caroliniana, Poir. 2 194 coccinea, L. 2 194 cordato, Willd. 2 194 Crus galli, L. . 2 194 elliptica. Ait. . 2 194 flava. Ait. 1 311 glandulosa, Willd. 1 311 glandulosa, Mx. 1 311 polifulia. Wall. 2 125 punctata. Ait. 2 125 pyrlfolia, Ait. . I 275 pyrifolia. Lam. 1 275 racemosa, Lam. 1 276 sanguinea, Pall. 1 276 spicata, Lam. . 1 270 CREris, L. 1 ill biennis, L. 1 276 elcgans, Ifouk. 1 276 nana, llich. 1 276 Crimtabia, Cass. XIV.) 277 276 275 276 276 270 276 275 277 276 33 160 160 160 36 37 35 35 35 36 37 37 36 36 36 227 200 202 201 201 200 201 202 201 202 201 201 201 204 202 201 202 297 297 297 297 4 INDEX. 289 rou not TOL. rial ? humirn, Hook. 2 24 inflezus, Muhl, 2 232 viscidiflora, Hook, 2 24 occidentalis, Torr, 2 282 Cbocididm, Hook, 1 335 phymatodes, Muhl. 2 232 multicaule, Hooh. (Tab. CXVI ID 1 335 pygmtmu, Nutt. 2 232 Crotalaria alba, L. I 129 repens, Ell. 2 232 Croton, £, . . , 2 Ul spathaceus, L. 2 232 ? setigeruro, Hook, 2 141 strigosas, X. . 2 232 CRUCIfER^, Ju$s. 1 37 tuberosui, Pursh, . • 2 232 Cbyftoorahma, Br. 2 264 uncinatus, Purab, 2 232 acrostichoides, Br. 2 264 CyPRIPEDIDH, L. 2 204 crispat Br. 2 264 acaule. Ait. 2 204 CBTFTOTtENIA, DC. 1 261 album. Ait. 2 205 Canadensis, DC. 1 262 arielinom, Br. 2 205 Cucuhalus Behen, L. 1 88 bulbosum, L. . 2 195 tteltatus, Mx. . 1 88 Calceolus, y. L. 2 205 CuCnBDITACEiE, JttlS. 1 220 Canadenie, Mr. 2 205 CUNILA, L. 2 113 guttatum, Sw. . 2 205 glabella, Mz. . 2 114 humile, Sw. 2 204 Mariana, L. 2 113 parviflorum, Saliab, 2 205 CUPRESSUS, L. . 2 165 parviflorum. Rich. 2 205 Nutkatensis, Lamb, 2 165 parviflorum, B. Mag. . 2 205 thyoides, L. . 2 165 passerinum, Bich. 2 205 CUSCUTA, L, 2 77 pubescens, Willd. (Tab. CCVl [.) 2 205 Aiuericana "i L.f 2 77 spectabile, Sw. 2 204 Americana, Grisw. 2 78 Cytisus rhombifolius, Pursh, 128 arvemis, Beyricb, 2 77 Dalea Candida, Willd. . 137 EuropcBa, Torrey, 2 78 purpurea. Vent. 138 umbrosa, Bet/rich, 2 78 violacea, Willd. 138 Cyathea fragilis, E. Bot. 2 260 Dalibabda, L. . 184 tenuis, Schott, 2 260 lordata, Staph. 184 Cyclobothria elegant, Betith. 2 183 fragarioides, Sims, 177 Cylacds moniana, Raf. . 1 180 pedata, Steph. 181 Cymbidium hyemale, Willd. 2 194 repens, £. 184 innatum, Pursh, 2 194 violmoides, Mz. 184 pulchellum, Willd. 2 202 Danthonia, DC, 244 Cynoolossum, £. 2 84 spicata, R, et S. 244 amplcxicaule, Mx, 2 85 Daucus, Z, 270 ciliatum, Dougl. 2 85 microphyllus, Presl, . 271 glomeralum, Fras. 2 85 Decodon, Gmel. 219 grende, Lehm, . 2 85 aquaticus, Gmel. 219 linifolium, L. . 2 86 verticillatus, Ell, 219 officinale, L. . 2 85 Delphinium, L. 25 ■ officinale, H. et A. 2 85 alpinum, W. et K. 25 Virginicum, L. 2 85 exaltatum. Ait, 25 CypERACEii:, Juss. 2 207 intermedium * Ait. 25 CVFEBDS, L, 2 232 Menziesii, DC. 25 diandrus, Torr. 2 232 simplex, Dougl, 25 VOL. II. 2 0 \l 80ft tridactylum, Mx. tuberosum, Menz. urceolatumt Jacq. Dbktabia, L. coneatenala, Mx. diphylla, Mx. laciniata, JHuhl. tenel/a, Pursh, tenuifolia, Ledeb. trifida. Lam. . Deschaupsia, Beauv. brevifolia, Br. . csespUosa, Beauv. Desmodiuh, DC, acuminatum, DC. bracteosum, DC. Canadenso, DC. nudifiorum, DC. pauciflorum, DC. Desvauxia purpurascens, Dl^NTHDS, L, repcns, Willd. D1APENSIACE.1:, LincU. DiAFENSIA, L. . Lapponica, L. . obtusifolia, Salisb. D1CK8ONIA, L'Herit. pilosiuscula, Willd. pubescens, Schk. D1COTYLIDONE.C, Juss. DlELTTRA, DC. . cucullaria, DC. eximia, DC. . Formosa, DC. . lachenalisfolia, DC. tenuifolia, DC. DiSRviLLA, Toum. Canadensis, Willd. Tnumefortii, Mx. Digitalis dasyantha, DlOSCORK£, Br. DiOSCOREA, L. . paniculala, Jacq. villosa, L. Diotis ceratoides, Willd lanata, Pursh, . DiFLOFArpust Cass. Kth. 2 a 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 INDEX. PtGI 25 25 25 46 4fi 46 40 46 46 46 242 242 242 154 154 154 154 154 155 240 87 87 76 76 76 76 264 264 264 1 35 35 35 35 36 35 2St 281 281 98 207 207 207 207 126 126 20 albus, Lindl. , amygdalinus, Nees, canescens, Uooh. dubius, Cttss, . ficifolius, Hooh. grandiflorus. Hook. hispidus. Hook. incanus, Lindl, linariifolius, iVees, linearis. Hook. bitescens, Lindl. pinnatiiidus, Hook, scaber. Hook. . umbcllatus, Hook. villosus. Hook. Diplostephium amygdalinum, Nees, linariifolium, Nees, DiBCA, L. palustris, L. DODECATIIEON, L. dentatum, Hook. frigidum, Cham, integrifolium, Hook. Doellingeria f amygdalina, Nees, ptarmicoides, Nees, umbellata, Ne''3, DoNIA, Br. glutinoaa, Br. . JDuloides, Hook, lanceolata. Hook. squarrosa, Pursh, uniflora. Hook. (Tab. CXXIV.) Doronicum glulinosum, WiUd. DouGLASiA, Lindl. arctica, Hooh. . nivalis, Lindl, Dbaba, L. algida, Adams, alpina, L. alpina, Br. androsacea, Wahl. arabizans, Mx. arabizans, Pursh, aurea, Fl. Dan. confusi, Ehrh, contorta, Ehrh. coryinbosa, Br. tut.. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 PiOB 21 23 21 20 21 22 22 21 21 21 21 22 22 22 22 23 21 138 138 118 110 119 118 23 21 23 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 119 120 120 50 50 50 50 53 55 49 55 54 55 52 y «*1 INDEX. Ml vol. PAOI TOU piai cmSBifolia, Grah. 54 rotundifolia, L. 81 glabella, Pwsh, 54 Dntmmondia mitelloides, DC. 241 glacialis, Adams, 51 Dryab, L. 174 gracilis, Grah. 55 Drummondil, Rich. 174 grandis, Langfld. 57 integrifolia, Vahl. 174 hirta, L. 52 octopetala, L. . 174 hirta, Jacq. 53 octopetala, Rich. . • 174 hirta, p. Wahl. 53 pentapetala, L. 176 hirta, var. 2, . 52 tenella, Pursh, 174 hirta, var. 3, . 63 DnucHiDM, Rich. 2 232 hirta, var. 4, . 53 Canadense, Purah, 2 232 hyperborea, Desv. 49 spathaceum, Pers. 2 232 incana, L, 54 DupoNTiA, Br. . 2 242 Lapponica, Willd. 53 Fischeri, Br. . 2 242 leevigata? Cham. 54 EcHiNOBPERMUM, Lehm. 2 83 leevipes, DC. , 53 deflexum, Lehm. 2 84 lutca, Gilib. 55 difFuBum, Lehm. 2 83 micropetala, Hooh 52 floribundum, Lehm. (Tab. CL] ICIV.) 2 84 muralis, L. 5G Lappula, Lehm. 2 84 muralis, fi. L. . 55 patulum, Lehm. 2 84 muricella, Waht. 52 Virginicum, Lehm. 2 83 nemoralis, DC. 55 ECHIUM, L. 2 89 nivalis, Lil. 52 MenzieBii, Lehm. 2 69 oblongata, Br. . 52 Elodea campanulata, Pursh, 1 109 oligosperma, Hook. 51 Virginica, Nutt. 1 109 pauciilora, Sr. 51 verticillata, Mx. 2 193 rupestris, Br. . 63 ELiEAONEiE, JUSS. 2 137 stellata, Jacq. . 53 ELiEAONOS, L. . 2 137 Unalaschkiana, DC. . 55 argentea, Rich. 2 137 verna, L. 56 Elymds, L. 2 265 Dracaena borealis. Ait. . 2 175 arenarius, L. , 2 265 DRACOCEPHALnM, A. 2 115 Canadensis, L, 2 265 denticulatum. Ait. 2 116 dasystachys, Trin. 2 255 intermedium, Nult. 2 116 Europaeus, L, . 2 256 lancifolium, Moencii. . 2 116 glaueifolius, Willd. 2 255 obovatum. Ell. 2 116 hirsutuB, Presl, 2 255 parviflorum, Nutt. 2 115 Hystrix, L. . 2 256 speciosum, Sweet, 2 116 mollis, Br. 2 255 variegatum. Vent. 2 116 Philadelphicus, L. 2 256 Virginianum, L. 2 116 Sibiricus, L. . 2 265 Dracontium falidim, L. 2 169 viliosus, Muhl 2 256 Kamstchaticum, L. 2 169 VirginicuB, L. 2 255 Dboberacea, Z>C'. 81 Eleocharib, Br. 2 228 DaosERA, Z. 81 acicularis, 3r. . 2 229 Anglica, Huds. 81 ceespitosa. Link, 2 229 capillaris, Poir. 81 multicaulis, Sm. 2 228 linearis, Gold (Tab. XXVII. A.) 1 82 obtusa, Schultes, 2 229 iSSSS3 29a INDEX. lot. Ftai yot palualrii, Br. . a 228 seirpoidet, Mx. 2 ptucillora, Link. 2 239 aylvaticum, L. 2 Eltna, Schrad. . 2 2!i8 tiliginotum, Willd. ? . , 2 caricina. Mert. 2 228 umbrosuro, Mey. 2 •picata> Schrad. 2 228 varicgatum, L. 2 EllPRTREiE, Null. 2 140 Eragrosti$ capillaris, Necs, 2 Empbtbum, L. , 2 140 replant, Neen, 2 nigrum, L. 2 140 Erechthitet praalta, Raf. 1 EpiOiBA, L. 2 42 Ericea, Juss. 2 repcns, L. 2 42 Erica Sklleriana, Willd, 2 Epilobium, L. . 204 Eriocoma citspidatum, Nutt. 2 alpinum, L. 205 Ebiqebon, L, . 2 alsinifolium, Vill. 206 alpinus, L. . . 2 angustirolium, X. 205 alpinut, Pursh, 2 coloratuin, Willd. 205 alpinui, fi. Wahl. 2 glandulosum, ie/im. . 205 annuus, L, . 2 Homemanni, Reich. . 206 bellidi/olius, Willd. . 2 latifulium, £. 205 Canadensis, L. 2 lineare, Muhl, 207 compositus, Purih, 2 luteum, Pursh, 208 florifer. Hook. 2 minutum, Lindl. 207 glabellus, Nutt. 2 oliganthum, Mx. 208 glabratus, Hnppe, 2 opacum, Lehm, 205 grandiflorus, Hook. (Tab. CXXIII.) 2 origaniroiium, Lam. . 200 heterophyllus, Willd. 2 palustre, L. . 207 ? hysBopifoliu!, Mx. 2 paluiire, var. Wahl. . 207 lanatus. Hook. (Tab. CXXI.) 2 rosmarinifolium, Pursh ? 207 lonchophyllus, Hooh. 2 tpicatum, Lam. 205 Philadelphicus, Pursh, 2 squamatutnf Nutt. 207 pulchellus, Mx, 2 tenellum, Desv. 207 purpureus. Ait. 2 tetragonum, L. 206 radicatus, Hooh. (Tab. CXXII.) 2 venuitum, Dougl. 205 Serpentaria, Banks, . 2 EPIMEDIDM, L. 30 strigosus, Muhl. 2 hexandrum, Hook. (Tab. XIII ) 1 SO trifidus. Hook. (Tab. CXX.) . 2 Epipactis, Hall. 2 202 uniflorus, L. . 2 convallarioidet, Sw. . 2 204 Ebiooonum, Mx. 2 eordata, Sw. 2 204 arachnoideum, H. et A. 2 gigantea, Dougl. (Tab. CCII.) 2 202 ciespitosum, Nutt. 2 Epiphequs, Nutt. 2 93 compositum, Dougl. 2 Americana, Jfutt. 2 93 crassifolium, Henth. (Tab.CLXXVI.)2 Eqdisetace^, Rich. 2 269 decumbens, Benth. 2 Eqdisetum, L. 2 269 dichotomum, Dougl. . 2 arvensc, L. . 2 269 datum, Dougl. 2 fluviatile, L. . 2 269 flavum, Nutt. 2 hyemale, L. . 2 270 hcracleoides, Nutt. 2 limosum, L. . 2 269 niveum, Dougl. 2 palustre, L. . 2 269 nudum, Dougl. . . 2 270 269 269 269 270 244 244 332 35 37 237 16 18 17 18 2U 19 20 17 20 19 18 18 20 20 17 18 19 19 19 17 19 18 17 17 133 135 134 135 134 136 136 135 133 136 136 135 INDEX. SM ! vol. PAOI TOI. nai OTalifolinm, Null- 2 134 Ebvum, L. 158 aericeum, Pursh, 2 133 hirsutum, L. . 158 •plioeroceplmliuD, OougL (Tab. tetraspormum, L. 158 CLXXV.) 2 133 Erysihom, L. 64 stellatum. Benth. (Tab. CLXXVII.) 2 134 ?a8peruin, DC. (Tab. XXII.) 64 gtrintutn, Benth. 2 135 Barbarea, L. 39 Tolmieanum, Hook. 2 134 cheiranthoides, L. 64 Timiiieum, Dougl. 2 136 lanceolatum, Br. 64 umbellatum, Ton: 2 135 officinale, L. 61 Ebiocaulon, L. , 2 187 pracox, Sm. 4U pellucidum, Mx. 2 187 virgatum f Rotb, 64 septangulare, With. 2 187 EscHscHOLTZiA, Cham. 34 Erioqynia, Hook. I 255 Californica, Cham. 34 pectinata, Hook. (Tab. LXXXVIIl.) 1 255 Euchroma coccinea, Nutt. 105 Ebiophobuh, L, 2 230 EOONVHUS, L. . 119 alpinum, L, . 2 230 , Americanus, L. 119 anguatiroliiini, Roth, . 2 231 atro-purpureua ? Jacq. 119 Callithrix, Cham. 2 231 Evosmos Benzoin, Nutt. 137 capilatum. Host, 2 231 EUPATOBIUM, L. 304 Chamisaoi, Mert. 2 231 ageratoides, L. 304 caspitosum, Host, 2 231 eonnatum, Mx. 305 cyperinum, WilUl. 2 230 t grandiflorum. Hook. 26 gracile, Roth, 2 232 maculatum, L. 305 Hudsonianum, Mx. 2 230 occidentale, Hook. 305 polystacliyon, L. 2 231 perfoliatum, L, 305 polystachyon. Gray, . 2 231 purpureum, Mx. 304 polyatachyon, fi. Rich. 2 231 rotundifolium, L. 304 Scheuchzeri, Koth, 2 231 scandens, L. 805 Btrictum, Br. . 2 232 urticeBfolium, Mx. 305 tenellum, Nutt. ; 2 231 EDPHORBIACBiK, JuSS. . 2 140 triquetrum, Hoppe, 2 232 Eufhobbia, L. 2 14U vaginatumi L. 2 231 corollata, £. 2 140 Virginicum, L, 2 231 hypericifolia, Pursh, . 2 140 Eriophyllum cmpitosum, Dougl. 315 obtusata, Pursh, 2 140 EnoDiDM, L'Hcrit. 116 pilosa, L. 2 140 cheilanthifolium, Dougl. 117 platyphylla, X. 2 140 cicutarium, DC. 116 polygonifolia, L. 2 140 EaopHiLA, DC. 56 stricta, Sm. 2 140 vulgaris, DC. 56 Euphrasia, L. 2 108 Ebythbonidh, L. 2 182 latifolia, Pursh, 2 106 Americanum, Gaivl. . 2 182 officinalis, Z. . 2 106 Dens Canis, var. Mx. 2 182 EuROTiA, Adans. 2 126 Jlavum, Sm. 2 182 ceratoides, Ledeb. 2 126 giganteum, Lindl. 2 162 EoRVBiA, Cast. 2 14 grandiflorum, Ph. .2 182 corymbosa, Nees, 2 U grandiflorum, Ph. 2 182 macrophylla, Nees, 2 14 revolutum, Sid. . 2 182 EoTOCA, Br. 2 79 ml ^«l 294 INDEX. TOt. r«a> tOL, MOB congeita, Dougl, . 2 70 tericea, Dougl. 1 185 echioidet, Dougl. . 3 79 VMca, Z. . . . 1 184 Franklinii, Br, . . 3 79 Virginiana, MiU. 1 184 glomerata,\io\i^\. . , 2 79 Fkabeba, Wall. 2 6(i McnzieBii, Br. . . 2 79 albicaulis, Dougl. (Tab. CLI\ •) 2 67 muUiflora, Br. . . 2 79 Caroiinenais, Wall. 2 66 pulcheUa, Lehm. . 2 79 apecioaa, Dougl. (Tab. CLIII. ) 2 66 Kricea, ZeAm. . 2 79 verticillata, Muhl. 2 66 EUTBEMA, Br. ... 1 66 Walleri, Mx. 2 66 arenicola, Rich. (Tab. XXIV.) 1 67 Fraxinub, L. 2 50 Edwardaii, Br. . . 1 67 acuminata. Lam. 2 51 EOTBIANA, TVi'n. 2 242 Americana, L. 2 51 oligostachya, Kth. 2 242 epiptera, Afx. 2 50 Fatjara fraxinifolia, a. Lam. 1 119 pubeacena, Walt. 2 51 Faqds, Z. . . . 2 150 aambucifolia, Willd. . 2 50 ferruginca, AiL . . 2 159 tomentosa, Mx. 2 51 tylvatka, Pur>h, 2 159 FaiTILLARIA, £. 2 181 ti/lvatica, fi. Nutt. . . 2 159 Kaintichatcenais, Fisch. (Tab tylvestris, Mx. 2 150 CXCIII. A.) 2 181 Fkbdla, 7,. . . . 1 26S lanceolata, i'uriA, (Tab. CXC :iLB.)2 181 ' Canadensis, />. . . I 268 ? pudica, Hook. 2 182 fceniculacca, Nutt. , 1 268 FOMABIACE.1, DC. 35 nudicaulis, Nutt. . . 1 268 FOMARIA, L. 37 Nuttallii, DC. . 1 266 Altaica, Ledob. 37 ? Palmella, Hook. I 268 aurea. Curt. 37 Bi7/o»a, Willd. . . 1 267 cucullaria, L. 35 Fkstuca, /r. . . . 2 249 cucullaria, Pall. 36 borealis, Mert. (Tab. CCXXXI.) 2 251 formota, Andr. 35 brevifolia, Br. . . 2 250 fungosa, Willd. 36 distam, Kth. . . 2 245 glauca. Curt. 37 distichophijlla, Mx. . 2 254 media, DC. 37 duriuicula, H. et A. 2 250 officinalis, Pursh, 37 fliiitatu, L. . 2 248 officinalis f Pursh, 37 //ojtit. Kth. . 2 245 pauciftora, Steph. 37 myurus, L, . 2 249 peregrina, Rud. 36 nervosa, ^ooA. (Tab. CCXXXII.) 2 251 recta, Mx. 36 occidentalis, Hook. . 2 249 sempervirens, L. 37 ov'ma, I: ... 2 250 tenuifolia, Lcdcb. 36 pratensis, Huds. 2 251 G/ILLARDIA, Foug. 315 Richardsoni, Hook. . 2 2,50 aristata, Pursh, 315 rubra, L. (Tab. CCXXX.) . 2 250 bicolor. Lam. 315 scabrella, Torr. (Tab. CCXXXUI.) 2 252 bicolor, var. Spreng. . 315 subulata, £on^. 2 250 lanceolata, Mx. 315 FiLICES, Juss. ... 2 258 Galatella, Cass. 2 15 Fbagabia, yourn. . 1 184 graminifolia, Hook. 2 15 CanadeoEis, Mx. . I 185 nemoralis, Nees, 2 15 Chilensis, £ArA. . 1 185 Galeofsis, L. . 2 IIG INDEX. 296 «ol. not «01. nut Tctrahit, L. . a no ■rctophila, Orueb. (Tai. CXLIX.) a 01 Oalega Virginiea, L. 130 aurca, £. . 9 61 Galium, Scop. 288 barbata. Bong. . 9 64 Aparine, L, 290 barbata, Frccl. , 9 64 ••prcllum, Mx. 289 borealis, Bong. . 2 63 borcale, L. 289 brachypetala. Bong. . . 2 64 eirctBxans, S. Torr, 289 ceupitoia, Grab. . a 59 Claytoni, Mx. 288 calycoia, Griseb. (Tab CXLVI.) 2 58 cuspidatum, Muhl. 200 Calesbai, Andr. . a 50 lanccolatum, Torr. 280 Catesbai, Walt. . 9 55 micruntiium, Pursh, 290 Catesbai, Ell. . a 55 rubioidcB, L, 289 ciliata, Gunn. , 2 64 teptentrionale, R. et S. 280 ciliala, Pall. , 2 64 tlrictum, Torr. 280 ciliata Americana, L, . 2 65 suaveokiis, VVuhl. 200 crinita, Fral. , 2 05 tinctorium, L. 288 detonsa, Fries, , 9 64 linctorium, Rich. 288 dichotoma, Pall. , 2 63 Torreyi, Big. 280 Douglasiana, Bong. (Tab. trifidum, L. . 288 CXLVIII.) , 2 60 triflorum, Mx. 290 Jimbriata, Andr. a 65 OARRYACG.E, Litldl. 2 143 Jimbriata, Vahl, , 2 55 Oarbya, Lindl. 2 143 glacialis. Thorn. , 2 63 ellipticB) Dougl. 2 143 glauca. Pall. (Tab. CXLVII.) 2 50 Oaultiieria, L. 2 35 intermedia. Rich. 2 64 fruticoaa, Menz. 2 36 involuerata. Fries, 2 61 hispidula, Muhl. 2 36 linearit, Froul. 2 55 myrsinitcs, Hook. (Tab CXXIX.) 2 35 Monziesii, Griseb. 2 50 procumbcns, L. 35 ntqjor Virginiana, Plul 2 56 aerpyllifolia, Pursh, 36 nutans, Bong, 2 60 Shallon, Purih, 36 ochroleuca, Fra/. 2 56 Gadra, L. 208 ochreleuca, FrcRl. 2 56 biennis, L. 200 platypetala, Griseb. 2 58 coccinea, Frai, 208 plebeja. Bong. 2 63 glabra, Lehm. 209 Pneumonanthe, Mx. . 2 55 marginata, Lchm. 208 porphyris, Walt. 2 57 parviflora, Dougl. 208 propinqua, iiicA. (Tab. CL.) 2 63 Gentiane^, Juss. 54 prostrata, /foot. . 2 60 Gbntiana, L. 2 54 pseudo'pneumonanthe, Rich. . 2 55 acuta, Mx. 2 63 puberula, Mx. ? 2 55 aflinis, Griseb. 2 56 purpurea, Walt. 2 57 Aleutica, Cham, 2 61 quinqueflora, Lom. 2 62 Amarella, Rich. 2 63 quinquefolia, L. 2 63 amarelloides, Mx. 2 63 rotata, Fra. 2 55 aquatica, Froel. 2 60 Saponaria, Froel. 2 56 aquatica, «. Fra-l. 2 60 Saponaria, Walt. 2 56 296 INDEX. ««. rAoi fOl. MSI flceptram, OrUa. (T*i. CXLV.) 3 47 Irirollolata, Manck, . 1 174 $errala, Ounn, 3 04 Glaux, L. 3 133 ittyiora, Dong. 3 63 maritima, L. 3 133 tenelU, Frit; 3 69 GLYcikiA, Br. . 3 247 teniiii, Griteb. (T*i. CLI.) 3 OS aquatica, Sm, 3 347 triekotoma, Menz. 3 60 arctica, Hook. (Tab. CCXXP C.) 3 348 Vnalatchheniii, Dong. 3 61 Canadensii, Trin. 3 349 ventrieoM, Chriub. 3 65 elongata, Trin. 3 348 viUota, L. (Tai. CLI I.) 3 66 fluitani, Br. . 3 348 GlkANIAGliC, ./UM. IIA nervata, Trin, O 348 OlRANIUM, L'Uiril. 115 obtuaa, Trin, 3 340 albifloruDi, Hook. (Tab. XL.) 116 pauciflora, Pretl, 3 348 Citrollnianuin, L. 116 Glycine Apiot, L. 161 eicutarium, L. 117 helvola. Ell. . 162 maculatum, L, 115 monoica, L* 161 GiBARDIA, L. 3 104 umbellata, Willd. ? 163 aipera, Doiigl. 3 104 Gltcyrriiiza, L. 138 longifoliai Benth, 3 104 lepidota, Nult. 138 purpurea, L. . 3 104 Gnaphalidm, Br. 338 Gevm, L. 174 alpinum, DC. 320 agrimonioidu, Purah, 186 alpinum, L. 320 allmm, Gmel. 175 decurrena, Torr. 93S Aleppievm, Jacq. 175 dioicum, L. 330 anemonoides, Willd. . 176 dioicum, var. Mx. 330 ealtkxfolium, Langid. 177 luteo-album, L, , 328 Canademe, Jacq. 175 margaritaceunt, L. 329 ■ Canadentt, Murr. . . 175 obtusifolium, Willd. . 338 genieulatumT Mx. 175 planlagini/dlium, L. . 330 glaciate, Adams. 175 polycephalum, Afx. 338 maerophyllum, Willd.? 175 aupinum, L. 330 pube»cen», Punk, 175 aylvaticum, L. 328 rivalc, X. 175 uliginoaum, L. 330 Roitii, DC. . 176 GOODYERA, Br. 203 rolundifolium, Langsd, 177 pubescena, Lindl. 204 •trlctum, Ait. 175 repena, Hook. 203 trifloTum, Purtli, 176 Gkaminka, Just, saa Virginianum, L. 175 Graphrphohum, Detv. . 241 GiLiA, Cav. 3 74 melicoidea, Beauv. 341 capitata, Hook. 3 75 Gratiola, L, 100 congeata, Dougl. 3 75 Virginica, L. 100 gracilis. Hook. 3 74 Grindelia glutinota, Menz. 25 inconspicua, Dougl. . 3 74 inuloidet. Deaf. 25 parviflora, Sm. 2 74 inuloidei, Ker, 25 pharnaceoidea, BttUk. (Tad. C LXI.) 2 74 tquarrota. Rich. 25 pulchella, Dougl. 2 74 GaoasuLARiEiE, DC. 220 pungent, Dougl. 2 75 Ovilandina dioica, L. . 166 UiLLENiA, Mctnck, 1 173 Qymnadenia, Br. 105 INDEX. inn Toi, rial r Uiilcntata, Zi'nd/. 2 105 Otmnandea, Pall. . 2 102 boreali; Pall, . . 2 102 boreiilit, var. Pall. . 2 102 denlala, Willd, 2 102 Gmolini, Cham. 2 102 graeilii, Willd. . . 2 102 minor, Willd. 2 102 ovala, Willd. . . 2 102 rmi/ormii, Willd. . 2 102 rubra. Ilooh. (Tab. CLXXII.) 8 103 Stelleri, Cham. 2 104 Gymnocladui, Lam. . I 100 CanadeniU, Lam. , 1 107 GtmnoohammAi Detv. . 3 250 triangulariii, Aau^. . 2 250 Oymnotlichum Hytrix, Schreb. 2 250 Gyromia Virginica, Nutl. 2 179 Habenaria borealis, Cham. . 2 108 blephariglottii, Hook. . 2 109 bracteata, Br. . . 2 201 Choritiana, Cham. . . 2 201 ciliarit, Br. . . 2 199 dilatata. Hook. . . 2 108 fimbriata, Br. . 2 200 grnnriiflora, Torr. . 2 200 herbiola, Br. 2 197 Hookeri, Torrey, . 2 106 ' Huronetuit, Spr. 2 108 hyperborea, Spr. . 2 198 inci'sa, Spr. . 2 200 • /ocera, Br. . . . 2 200 macrophylla. Hook. . 2 196 obtuiata. Rich. . 2 100 ' orbiculata. Hook. . 2 106 ' orbiculata, Torr. 2 196 ptychodea, Spr. . . 2 200 rotundifolia. Rich. . 2 300 Schitmareffiana, Cham. 2 197 spectabilis, Spr. . 2 195 tridentata. Hook. . 2 105 Halenia, BorAA. . . 2 67 Brontoniana, Cri»e6.(TAB. CLVI. A.)2 68 dcflexa, Mx. (Tab. CLV.) . 2 67 heterantha, GrweA. (Tab. CLVI. B.) 2 67 Haloragejg, Br. . . 1 215 Hamamelidi!.!;, Br. 1 274 VOL. II. 2 P Hamamilii, L. Vir((inica, L. Ihirjialyce rucemoia, Don. Heealonia paluttrii. Lour. Hkd(oha, Per$. glabra, Nutt. piilp);ioi(loi, Pcij. Hedera quinquefolia, L. Hedyoti§, Z,am. anyutlifolia, Mx. cterulea, /fooA. carulea, fi. Purih. ciliolata, //ooA. Linnai, a. Mx. Linntei, /3, Mx. loii);ifulia, Hook. patens. Ell. terpyllifolia, Mx. Hedypnoii aulumnalis, Hodi. HEDVaAHUM, Jaum. acuminatum, Mx. alpinum, Mx. boreule, iVuM. boreale f Rich. bracteosum, Mx. Canndense, L. eiliaret Purih, cuspidatum, Willd. Muckenzii, iiicA. nudiflorum, L. pnuaflorum, Nutt. reticiilalum, Muhl. Helenicm, X. . autuinnale, /,. Heliatiiemum, Toura. Caiiudeiise, 7>C. HeI lANTHOI, £. atro-rubena, £. dccupetaluii, £. diffiisus t Sims, divurlcatiia, X. frondoeua, £. giguiitpua, X. flii(/«», Mx. leiiticiilariii, Dougl. lonpitnliua, Hook, multiflurua, X, >L. Ptai 1 274 1 274 1 204 1 lA 2 113 a 114 a 113 114 283 286 286 286 286 286 2B0 286 286 286 206 153 154 155 155 153 154 154 154 154 155 155 155 156 317 317 71 72 312 312 313 312 312 312 312 312 313 313 313 m 308 INDEX. tfiL. l>*Ul vol. MUl truchnlifoliin, Willd. 913 Kirharilinnii, Br. 1 3!»7 HtLiopdt, t'rri. SIO »illci.a. Ah. . 1 330 ? bnUmiiorliiEa, Hook. .110 lllBlnriK, /,. 1 107 icalirn, Jhir. . aio MoKI'llflltO*, L. 1 107 terrliiiitliiu'na, tlnok. 310 puliHirii, I,. 1 107 HEi.iDTiiorii'M, L. 3 eo lIlKli \i IHM, L. . 1 297 rurii}'lviiiiriiiii, .'inii», Sw. 2 334 Lcwisii, Hook. (Tab. L XCVIII. A.) 2 185 bonalis, Willd. 3 334 Heteranlhcru gramiitea, ' VM, . 2 187 friiiirnnn, Willd. •2 334 Hbteko9Tyi.us, Huok. . 3 171 vionticola, liii^ol. •2 334 graniincus, Hook. (Tai . CLXXXV.)2 171 odonittm, I.. . '2 3:14 Hll'CIIERA, /.. . 235 IIoUllKI'M, L. . •2 356 cylindricii, Dour/I. 330 jiihaiiiin, Turr. 3 256 glal.ra, Uilld. (Tab. L XXIX.) 1 3;i0 prali'iiHc, Hilda. 3 350 loni;'rpetalu, Moc. 237 seriilimnii, Schreb. 3 350 Mc'iizieoii, Hook. (Tab LXXX.) I 2.-i7 lioRKM lA, i'lllim. 1 I9H niicrautha, Dvuyl. 330 coiigctta, Hook, I 190 INDEX. 800 Ho«A( KiA, lienlh. bi<'h. , Housli'iiiu Linnai, a, Torr. lIuiiaiiNiA, L. , , ericuiJei, Ilicli. luinviitoiii, Nitlt. HUHIILIJI, L. Liipiiluii, L. IIUTI'IIINHIA, Hr. calyeiim. Jkav. (Tad. XVII. U.) Hyokahtiii, L. Cuim(li'iii4i8i £. Hyi)H(i('hahidi:.i:, Jlr. . Hydiuchliia Caruliiteiuii, Beauv. Hyijudcutyle, L, Aiiu'riuuim, L. viilgarii, L. HvUHUI'tLTIB, 3Tx piir|iiircu, Mj:. HvDIlUI'HYLLE.t:, Br. HYOKOriiYLLUM, L, a|)|it>ii(Jiciilutuiiii Bent/i. Cuimdeiisu, L. capltutiitn, Dougl. linearef Pursli, Virg'niicunii L. Hydhoi-yhi'M) Link, oiciilt'iituini Lin/i, 'i lluituiis, Kth. Hylan ap/ij/lla. Dig. Hymi:noni:ma, Ciisa. ?gluUL'iiiii, Iliiok. ? luc'iiiiutuin, lloo/t. Hyuenui'aitus, Ij'lKrit. Dou){lttsii, llooh. Klifuliiis, llmih, icahioswiis, Uougl. tenuij'uliiis, Doiigl. Hj/oseris \'ir(jinieitsis, L. Hypehicini:^:, Jusa. HYl-EllIin'M, L. ascjro'ulfs, Willd. cantfmnulatiim, Walt. ? Canadeusei L. fknm « «au itUI \M ollipticum, lloitk. 110 VH einiiriimnliim, l.im. 100 1.14 Kulinimiiiin, L, 100 134 mncrociirpum, Mx. . 100 135 micTHntliuiii, Chiiit. lOU U»4U Muliciim, L. . IIU 7a pHrvijtotum, Willd. 110 73 ptrlurutuin, //. 110 73 qnliKliieiiiirviuiii, Walt, 110 U 2 100 32 Ilkx, L, 121 78 Cunaderuis, Mx. 122 78 myrsinitea, I'ursh. 120 78 opuca, Ait. 121 78 Impatienh, Itiv. 117 78 bijlura. Wait. 117 70 fulva, Nutt. . 117 78 noli tiimjere, Mx. 117 233 null lanffere, /3. Mx. . 117 233 piillidu, Nutt. 117 233 Impkratoiua, L. 269 216 U^trutliiuiii, L. 260 SOO Inula acabra, Pursh, 2 22 300 Ipvmopaia eleyana, Lindl. 2 74 301 incuiiapicua, Sm. 2 74 31C iBlDu.t:, Jua$. 2 200 310 Ihis, L. 2 206 317 Cuurina, Herb. 2 200 a 10 hexaaonu, Walt. 2 200 ai7 hii'miitopliyllai Fiach. 2 206 301 laciiatriaf Nutt. 2 206 109 Sihirica, y. Kcr, 2 206 100 tanguinea, H. ct S. 2 206 100 teiiHx, Dougl. 2 206 109 tridentata, Purah, 2 206 no tripetala, Walt. 2 206 • 9m INDEX. »0L. • r«oi VOL. noi ▼enicolor, L. 2 200 globosus. Herb. Banks. 2 100 Virginica, L. 2 206 gracilii, E. Bot. 2 191 ISOETES, L. . . . 2 2C3 Hanhei, iSey. 2 189 lacuttris, L. , 2 268 Lehmanni, E. Mey. . 2 192 ISNARDIA, L, . 1 214 tnacrottemum f Gay. . 2 190 alternifolia, DC. 1 214 Menzieaii, Br. 2 192 palustris, L. . 1 215 Mertentianut, Bong. . 2 191 IVA.i I 309 nodosus, L. ? 2 190 azillarii, Pursh, (Tab. CVI.) ) 309 nodosus, Torr. 2 190 Jasmines, Just. 2 50 paradoxus t Mey. 2 190 Jdolandine^, DC. 2 142 parviftorui, Retz, 2 188 Jdolans, Z. . 2 143 pelucarpas, Mey. 2 190 alba. Ml. 2 143 pilosus, L. . 2 188 atnara, Mz. 2 144 platycaulos, H.B.K. , 2 189 catharlica, Bigel, 2 143 polycephalua, Mx. 2 190 cinerea, L. . ■ . 2 143 Pyloei, De la Harp. . 2 190 squamosa, Mx. 2 143 Ricliardsonianus, Sch, 2 191 JoNCAGINEiG, Rick. 2 168 Soshowii, E. Mey. 2 190 Jdncea, Juss. 2 187 spicatus, L. 2 188 JUNCUS, L. 2 189 subtilis, Mey. 2 191 acutiflorus, Ehrh. 2 190 tenuis, Willd. 2 191 ajinis, Br. . 2 191 triglumis, Z. . 2 193 alpimis, Vill. . 2 191 uiiginosus, Sibth. 2 191 arcticus, Willd. 2 189 JUNIFEBDS, L. , 2 185 arcticus, Hook. 2 189 communis, L. 2 165 arcuatus. Hook. 2 188 excelsa. Dougl. 2 166 Baltics, Willd. 2 189 occidentalism Hook. 2 166 bicomis, Mi. . 2 191 prostrata, Pers. 2 166 bigluinis, L. 2 192 repens, Nutt. ? 2 166 buronius, L. 2 191 Subina, L. 2 166 bulbosus, L. . 2 191 Sabina. H. WiUd. 2 166 campeslrii, L. 2 188 Viryiniana, L. 2 166 campestris, SolanJ, 2 189 Kalmia, L. 2 41 Canadensis f Gay, 2 190 angustifolia, L. 2 41 castaneus, L. 2 192 glaucB, Ail. 2 41 castuneus, Sm. 2 192 latifolia, L. 2 41 compressus, H.B.K. . 2 189 Kobretia caricina, Willd. 2 228 • compressus, /3. Mey. . 2 169 scirpina, Willd. 2 228 complanatus, Schk. 2 189 KcELEBiA, Pers. 2 249 echinatus, Muhl, 2 190 cristata, Pers. 2 249 eifusus, L. 2 190 Peimsylvanica, DC. . 2 249 en»ifoliiis, Wikstr. 2 191 KoNIGIA, L. 2 129 falcatui, E. Mey. 2 191 hlaiidica, L. . 2 129 filiformid, L. 2 190 Krascheniunihovia ceratoides, G uild. 2 126 fluilant, Mt. 2 191 Kkioia, yVtltd. I 301 fiisco-aler, Schreb. 2 191 Virginicu, WiUd. 1 301 glauau, Rich. 2 189 LABiATiE, Juss. . 2 HI INDEX. SOI »0L. rtui VOL. PACE Lactuca, L. 2 296 LEOUHINOSiE, JUSI, 1 128 Canadetuia, L, 2 293 Leihanthium, WiUd, 2 177 elongata, WiUd. 2 296 hybridum, Bcem. 2 177 hiiiuta, Muhl. 2 296 Nuttallii, Hook, 2 177 longifolia, Mx. 2 296 Lehna, L. 2 169 Lagotia glauca, Geert. . 2 102 minor, L. 2 169 Lamium, L. 2 116 polyrhiza, L. . 2 169 ampleiicaule, L. 2 116 trisuica, L, 2 169 Lapsana, L. 296 Lentibulabies, Rich. 2 118 communis, L. 296 Leonticb, L, 1 29 LABBBiEA, St Hil. 93 thalictroides, L. 1 29 aqualica, St Hil. 93 triphylla, Sm. 1 30 uliginosa. Hook. 93 Leontooon, L, 1 296 Larix Atrericaim, Mx. 2 164 autumnale, L. 1 296 Lasebfitidu, L. 2 270 hirsutum. Hook. 1 296 hirsutum, Lam. 2 270 palustre, Sm. 1 296 terebinlhacmm, Dougl. 2 266 Taraxacum, L, 1 296 Lathybus, L. 158 Leonubds, L. 2 116 Califomicua, Doug). 158 Cardiaca, L. . 2 116 decaphyllue, Ptirah, . 159 Lefidium, L, 1 68 ' maritimua. Big, 158 ealycinum, Steph. 1 58 myrtifolius, Muhl. IGO IberU, Schk. I 69 ochrcleucus, Hook. 159 Menziesii, DC. 1 68 ' palustris, L. . 161 ruderale> X. 1 68 ' pisil'ormis, L. 158 Virginicum, L. 1 68 pisiformia, var. Rich. 159 Leftanthus, Mx, 2 187 Btipulaceus, Le Con. 160 gramineus, Mx, 2 187 venosus, Muhl. 160 Leftaubhana, Br. 1 256 venoaua, Sweet, 158 amplexifolia, Ser. 1 256 Laubinea, Juaa. 2 137 pyrolifolia, Br, (Tab. ] ^XXXIX.) 1 256 Laurua Benzoin, L. 2 137 Lesfedeza, Mx. 1 156 pseudo-Benzoin, Mx, 2 137 polystachya, Mx, 1 156 regia, Dougl. 2 137 prostrata, Purah, 1 156 Saaaafraa, L. 2 137 reticulata, Pera, 1 156 Lechea, L, . . , 72 aeaailiflora, Mx. 1 156 mqjor, L, 72 Lewisia, Purah, 1 223 major, Mx. 72 rediviva, Purah, 1 223 minor, Purah, 73 LiATBis, Schreb, 1 305 minor, L. 72 intermedia, Lindl. 1 306 villosa, L. 72 punctata, Hook. (Tab. CV.) . 1 306 Lbdom, L. 2 44 scariosa, WiUd. 1 305 latifolium, Ait. 2 44 squnrrosa, WiUd. 1 305 paluatre, L. . 2 44 aquarruloau, Mx. 1 306 palustre, Mx, 2 44 LiousTicuM, Koch, 1 265 Lei;bsia, L, 2 233 actaifolium, Mx, 1 365 oryzoides, Sw. 2 233 Gmelini, Cham. 1 266 Virginica, Wiltd, 2 283 Scoticum, L, 1 265 . .. >««dihMKAIM ^» 302 INDEX. lOL. FAOB VOL. PAOB LlOUBTRDM, L. a £0 canescens, Lehm. 2 88 vulgare, L. a 50 coryinbosuin, Lehm. 2 87 LiLIACE/e, JllSS. 2 181 denticulalitm, H. ct A. 2 87 LiLIDM, L. 2 181 denticulatum, Le/iia. 2 88 qffine, Sch. 2 181 Druinmondii, Lehm. a 86 Canadensc, L. 2 181 hirtum, Lehm. 2 88 Carolinianum, Pursh ? 2 181 incisum, Lehm. (Tab. CLX V.) 2 89 Kamlichatcenie, L. . 3 181 lalifulium, Muhl. 2 88 Philadelphicum, L. 2 161 hngiflorum, Spreng. 2 87 pudicum, Pursh, 2 182 lycopsoides, Lehm. 2 89 quadiifoliahim, Mey. 2 181 Mandanense, Spreng. (^Tab. CLXVL)2 88 superbum, L. 2 181 marginatum, Spreng. 2 86 Limnia perfoliata, Haw. 1 225 maritimuro, Lehm. 2 86 LiUNANTHEMOM, Gmel. 2 71 officinale, L. 2 88 Incunosiim, Mx. 2 71 paniculatum, Lehm. 2 87 Linmetis cynosuroides. Rich. 2 242 ruderale, Dougl. 2 89 polystachyn, Pursh, 2 242 sericeum, Lehm. 2 88 Limodorum boreale, Willd. 2 195 Virginianum, Moris. 2 88 pulchellum. Curt. 2 202 Lloydea serotina, Salisb. 2 183 tuberosum, Mx. 2 202 LOASE.'E, JuSS. 1 221 LiMOSELLA, L. 2 100 Lobelia, L. 2 29 aquatica, /.. 2 100 cardiualis, L. 2 30 subiilala, Eat. 2 100 Claytoniana, Mx. 2 30 LiNAiiiA, Tourn. 2 94 Dortinunna, L. 2 29 Canadensis, Spreng. 2 94 inflata, /-. 2 30 vulg-aris, Meench, 2 94 Kalmii, /-. 2 30 Line*, DC. 1 105 paliidosa, Muhl. 2 30 LiNN.i^A, Gron. 1 265 paludosa, Nutt. 2 29 borealis, L. 1 285 tpiciita. Lam. 2 30 LiNDM, L. 1 105 syphilitica, /.. 2 30 Amjlicvm, DC. 1 106 Lomarin crenatn, Prcsl. 2 263 pcrcnne, /. 1 lOG spicant, Desv. 2 263 rigidum, Piirs/i, 1 105 LOMCEllA, /.. 281 Sibirianii, UC. 1 106 Canadensis, R. et S. 283 atriaCum, Nutt. 1 105 citrulca, L. 283 Virginiaiium, L. 1 106 ciliata, Atuhl. 283 LlFARlS, Hic/i. 2 193 ciliosa, DC. 282 liliifolia, Jiic/i. o 193 dioicd, L. 282 Locselii, liicfi. 8 194 Douj{lasii, DC 282 Loeselii, Spreng. 2 194 hirauta. Eat. 282 Liquidamhar aspleniifolia, L. . 2 KiO involiicraia, IJnl). Banha. 284 LiSTERA, lir. 2 204 'i iiiicroplivlla, llimk. 283 convallarioi'cs, Null. (Tab. C CV.) 2 20-} oljlon^il'iplii, llooh, (Tab. C ) 1 284 cordata, I/ouk. 2 204 occidcniulis, llooli. 282 EschschoUziana, Cham. 2 204 parvitlora, l.am. 282 l.ITHOSPEIlHliM, L. 2 86 pubcscens, Sw. 282 angiutil'ulium, Mx. 2 89 ttillosu, Muhl. 283 INDEX. ao» TOU PAGE vou PAOB velutina, DC. 1 283 Lychnis, L. 91 LoFHANTHUs, Benth. 2 lis alpina, L. 01 anisatiit, Benth. 2 115 apetala, L. 91 urticicfolius, Benth. 115 apetala, /3. DC. 91 Lotus incamis, Dougl. . 134 brtichi/petala, Hort. Berol. 91 pinnatus. Hook. 134 Gitliago, Lam. 92 Ludwigia alternifolia, L. 213 pauciflora, Fisch. 91 apetala, Walt. 215 uniflora, Led. 91 macrocarpa, Mx. 215 LvCOrODINEiE, Sw. 2 266 nitula, Mx. 215 Lycopodium, L, 2 266 Lupinaster macrocephalus, Pursl '» * 132 alpinum, L, 2 268 LOPINUS, L. 162 annotiiium, L. 2 266 albicaulist Dougl. 165 aristatum, y. H. et Gr. 2 267 arbustus, Dougl. 164 bryophyllum f Htcnke, 2 266 argenteiis, Pursh, 164 clavatiim, L, 2 267 aridus, Dougl. 165 clnvatum, Mx. 2 267 bicolor, Lindl. 162 coinplanatum, L. 2 267 laxiflorus, Dougl. 164 dendroidcum, Mx. 2 260 lepidux, Dougl. 163 Doiiglasii, Hook. 2 268 leucophyllus, Dougl. 163 inundiitiim, L. 2 267 liltoralis, Dougl. 164 luciduliim, Mx. 2 266 micranthus, Dougl. 162 ovahfoUum, H. et G. . 2 268 minimus, Dougl. 163 recurvum, Willd. 2 266 Noolliatensis, Donn, 163 rejlexum, Sw. 2 206 ornattis, Dougl. 164 rupestrc, L. . 2 i;(17 perennij, L. 163 sabiiiiEfolium, Willd. (Tad. polypbyllu.s, Lindl. 164 CCXXXVIH.) . 2 266 plumosiis, Dougl. 165 selagiiioides, L. 2 267 pusillus, Pursh, 162 Selago, L. 2 266 regius. Bud. 164 struthioloides, Presl, 2 267 Sabiiiii, Dougl. 160 tristachi/on, Nutt. 2 267 sericeus, Pursh, 164 trislachyoH, P'irsh, 2 267 sulplmreus, Dougl. 166 Lycopus, L. 2 tcnellus, Douijl. 164 Americanus, Muhl. 2 LUZL'I.A, DC. . 2 187 angustifolius, Nutt. 2 arciiata, Hook. 2 189 bractr.alus, Muhl. 2 campostris, Desv. 2 188 Europasus, Mx. 2 campestris, Br. 2 188 exaltntus, £11. 2 campeatris f Donj . 2 188 lougiflorus. Rafin. 2 cotnosa, Meyer, 2 188 loniiifblius, Rafin. 2 congesta, Lrj. 2 188 macrophyllus, Benth. i liyperborea, Br. 2 188 ol)tllsifl>liU8, Mx. 2 meliinocarpii, Desw 2 187 Pennsylva.ticm, Muhl. 2 palkscens. Wall). 2 188 pumilua, Valil, 2 parvijtora, Desv. 2 188 eiiinalus, Bvnth. 2 pildsa, Willd. 2 188 sinuittus. Ell. 2 8i)icata, Desv. 2 188 wti/lorus, Mx. 2 ii I 304 INDSX. ; Virginicua, Puri/t, Virginicus, Pur»h, vulgaris, Niitt. LvooDEBMiA, Don, juncea, Don, (Tab. CIII.) minor. Hook. (Tab. CIII. A.) Lyonia paniculata, Nutt LTBiMACHIA, L. bulbifera, Curt, capitata, Punb, ciliata, L. hybrida, Mx. racemoia, Mx. revoluta, Torr. stricta. Ait. thyrsiflora, L. LvTHHARIEiE, Jutl. Ltthrum, L. alatum, Purih, Kennedyanum, H. el K SaKcaria, L. verticillatum, L. Vulneraria, Schr. Macrofodidm, Br, laciniatum. Hook, Madia, Molina, elegant, Dodi glomerata, Hook. mellosa, Mol. taliva, Mol. viscoaa, Cav. Mahonia AquifoUum, Nutt Jatcicularit, DC. glumosa, DC. nervosa, Nutt. Maianthemum Caitadense, Desf. Malaxii brachypoda. Gray, Correana, Benth. diphyllos, Cham. dip/iyllos, Lindl. liliifolia, Sw. Loeselii, Sw. monophyllos, Wiild. monophyllos, Lindl. ophioglussoides, Lindl uniJoUa, Mx. Malva, L. TOb 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Tta* 111 111 111 295 295 295 39 122 128 122 122 122 122 122 122 122 218 218 219 219 219 219 219 43 43 23 24 24 24 24 24 29 28 29 29 l,-5 193 194 193 193 194 194 194 193 193 193 106 coccinea, Fras. hederacca, Dougl. Munroana, Dougl. rivularis, Dougl. rotundifolia, L. MALVACgiE, Br. MabsileacBvE, Br. Marsilea, L. vestita, H. et Gr. Marritbidh, L. . vulgare, L. Medeola, L. Virginica, L Medicaqo, L. lupulina, L. , Melahfybuh, L. Americanum, Mx. lineare, Lam. . sylvaticum, L. Melanthacex, Br. Melanthium glaucum, Nutt. glaucum f N'ut. hybridwr., V/'.-lt. racemosum, Mx. Melica Fischeri, Spr. Melilotus, Tourn. ofiicinali!>, DC. Melissa, L. Clinopodium, Benth. pulegioides, L. menispermace.f:, juss. Men'ispermum, L. Cunadcnsc, L. Menth\, L. borealis, Mx. . Canadensis, L. Canadensis, Benth. Ment.-tlia atbicaulis, Dougl. Menyanthes, L. tracliyspenna, Mx. trifuliala, L. Menziesia, Sm. Alcutica, Cham. CttTulea, !>w. . emprlriformis, Sm. etnpetrij'orniis. Grab. fcrruginca, Sm. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 I 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 I 2 2 2 I 1 1 2 2 8 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 MQR 108 lor 106 107 106 106 268 2G8 268 117 117 179 179 129 129 106 106 106 106 177 178 177 177 177 242 129 130 114 114 113 28 28 28 111 111 111 ill 222 7CI 71 70 39 40 39 40 40 40 INDEX. M6 vou PAOB vol. FIOI glanduliflora, Hook. 2 40 ringens, L. ' . 2 100 glohularis, Salish. (Tab. CXXXII.) 2 41 roseus, Lindl. , 2 100 Gralmmii, Hook. 2 40 Scouleri, Hook. 2 100 intermedia, Hook. 2 40 MiTCHELLA, L. . 287 phi/licifolia, Fisch. . . 2 40 repens, L, . 287 SmitAii, Mz. . 2 41 MiTELLA, Toum. 240 SleUeriana, Fisch. 2 37 cordifolia, Lara. 240 Mebckia, Fisch. 102 diphylla, Z. . 240 phj-sodes, Fisch. 103 grandiflora, Pursh, 239 Mespilus acerifolia, Poir. 201 nuda, Z. . . , 240 arbutifolia, L. 204 parviflora, Dougl. 241 arbutifolia, (3. Mx. 204 pentandra, Hook. 241 Canadensis, L. 202 prostrata, Mx. 241 Canadensis, a. Mx. 20-2 reniformis, Lam. 240 Canadensis, (3.? Mx. 202 trifida, Grah. (Tab. LXXXII •) 1 241 Canadensis, y. Mx. 203 MoLLUGo, Ser, , 92 cuneifolia, Ehrh. 201 vcrticillata, L. 92 glabra, Nutt. . 202 MOMORDICA, L. , 220 lucida, Ehrli. . 200 ? echinata, Hook. 220 Mirhauxii, Pers. 202 MONARDA, L. 2 112 MicROMERiA, Benth. 2 113 allophylla, Mx. 2 112 Chamissonis, Benth. . 2 114 altissima, Willd. 2 112 Doiiglasii, Benth. 2 114 Clinopodium, L. 2 112 glabella, Benth. 2 113 coccinea, Mx. . 2 112 Micropetalum gramineum, Pers. 1 94 didyma, L. 2 112 lanceolatum, Pers. 1 95 iistulosa, L, 2 112 MiCROSTYI.IS, iV! Ait. Kaliuiana, Ait. lutea, Sm. lutea,^. Mx. Nyctagine.*, Juu. Nymph^ka, /■. advena, Ait. aWa, Mx. niinori DC. odorata, Ait. odorata, /3. Pursh, Nymph^ace-«, DC. CEnothbra, i-. albicaulis, Fraa. bienniS) L, Boothii, Dougl, Canadensis, Gold. chrysantha, Mx. contorta, Dc tgl. decumbens, Dougl. fruticosa, L. . Icuconarpa, Hook. Lindleyii, Dougl. muricata, Murr. pallida, Lindl. pumila, I: purpurea, Curt. pusilla, Mx. . pygrasea, Dougl. quadrivulncra, Dougl. riparia, Nutt. Homanzovii, Ledeb. spiralis, Hook. viminea, Dougl. viridescens. Hook. Omalanthos, Lvss. camphoratus, Leis. Omi'Halodes, Juss. liiiifolia, Mwnch, Onoclea, L. noduloi,a, Schkh. obtusilobata, Scbkh. sonsibilis, L. TOU PAOIl TOl. PAOB 2 91 Struthiopteris, Schkh. 2 262 2 91 Ophrys astivalis, Mx, 2 203 2 01 cor data, L. 2 204 1 32 liiiifolia, L. 2 204 1 33 Loesdii, L. B 194 1 32 monophyllos, L. 2 193 1 32 Oflismenus, Kth. 2 236 I 92 Cru9 gain, Kth. 2 236 2 124 muricatus, Kth, 2 236 1 32 Obciiidk^, Juss. 2 193 1 33 Orchis, L. 2 195 1 32 acuminata, Hort. Gor. 2 105 1 32 agaslachys, Fisch, 2 198 1 32 aristata, Fisch. 2 195 I 32 blephariglottis. Ell. 2 199 1 32 blephariglottis, Willd. 2 199 1 209 ciliaris, L. 2 199 1 210 clavellata, Mx. 2 105 1 209 dilatata, Pursh, 2 198 1 213 dolichorhiza, Fisch. . 2 197 1 212 fuscescens, Pursh, 2 197 1 212 grand{flora. Big. 2 200 1 214 gracilis, Fisch. 2 195 1 211 herbiola, Pursh, 2 197 1 212 humilis, Mx. 2 195 1 210 Huron,nsis, Nutt. 2 198 1 211 hyperbo.'ca, L. 2 198 1 209 incisa, Willd. 2 200 1 210 Kunigii, Retz, 2 197 1 212 lacera, Pursh, 2 200 1 211 latifolia, L. ? 2 195 1 212 oblusala, Pursh, 2 196 1 213 orbiculala, Pursh, 2 196 1 213 rotundifolia, Pursh, . 2 200 1 212 psychodes, L. 2 200 1 212 scutellataf Nutt. 2 197 1 213 sptctabilis, L. 2 195 I 211 tipuloides, L. 2 105 1 214 tridentata, Willd. 2 195 1 320 Virginiana, L. 2 193 I 321 Oreas, Cham. 1 67 2 86 involucrata, Cham. 1 67 2 86 Ornithogalum bivalve, L. 2 198 2 £32 Obobanchea;, Juss. 2 91 2 263 Obobanche, L. 2 91 2 262 biflora, Nutt. 2 93 2 262 comosa, Hooh, (Tab. CLXIX .) 2 92 308 INDEX. fiiciculata, Nutt. (Tar. CLXX.) gUbra, Hook. (Tab. CLXVII.) Ludoviciana, Pfiitl. tuborosa, //oo*. (Tab. CLXVIII.) unijiora, L. Virginiana, L. . Orontium, L. aquaticum, L. OaTHocARrus. Niitt. . bracteosus, Benth. . , hUpidus, Benth. ilrictus, Jtouh. (Tab, CLXXIII.) tenuifolius, Benth. OryzofsiS) Ilich. as|>erifolia, liich. parviflura, Niilt. OSMORHIZA, linfin. brcvistylis, DC. (Tab. XCVII.) longistjlis, DC. (Tab. XCVl.) OsMUNDAi L. alata. Hook, cinnamomea, A. Claytoniana f V :!ld. . interniptu, Mx. regalis, Mx. regnlis, (3. L. spectabilis, Willd. . . Stntthiopttria, L. OSTRYA, Michel. Virginica, Willd. OXALIDEiE, DC. UXALIS, L. Acctoaella, L. cornlculata, L. macrophylla, Dougl. . stricta, L. trilliifolia, Dougl. OxTBAPiit s, L' Hint. birsiitus, Pursh, Oxycoccos macrocarpus, Pursh, paluitris, «. I'ers. vulyaris, I'ursli, UxYRiA, Br. reniformis, Huok. OXYTROPIB, DC. arclica, Br. aigcntata, Furth, OL rial TOL. rioi 2 93 borealisi DC. 145 2 01 campestrii, DC. 147 2 02 deflcxa. DC. 148 2 92 foliolosa, Hook. 146 2 93 Lamberti, Pursh, 147 2 93 iiigrcsccns, Fisch. 147 2 108 oxyphylla f Rich. 148 2 1C8 ipleiidoiis, Dour/l. 147 a 104 tulphurea, Fi.ich. 147 2 104 Uralensis, DC. 145 2 104 Uralemis, /3. Un. It. . 146 2 104 P.*:ONIA, L. 27 2 105 nrownii, Dougl. 27 2 230 Panax, L. 273 2 230 horriiium, Sm. (Tad. XCVIII ) 1 273 2 236 pusillum, Sims, 273 1 271 quinqtiL'I'uliiim, L. 273 1 272 trirolium, L. 273 1 271 Panicum, /.. 2 235 2 205 capillare, /.. 2 235 2 265 clandestiniim, J'. 2 235 2 265 Crus gain, L. 2 236 2 265 Crus gain, a. Ell. 2 236 2 265 depniiperatiim, Mulil. 2 235 2 265 glaitciim, L. 2 236 2 265 hispidum, Mulil. 2 236 2 265 involutuin, Torr. 2 235 2 262 j'unceum, Trin. 2 235 2 160 laliroliiim, //. 2 235 2 160 latij'olium, fi. Pursh, . 2 235 117 muricatum, Mx. 2 235 117 nitidum, Lam. 2 235 118 pruinosum, Bomb. 2 235 117 rectum, /{. et S. 2 235 118 ttrictum, Pursh, 2 235 118 Walteri, Pursh, 2 236 lie virgalum, L. 2 235 2 124 viacidum, £11. 236 2 124 xanlhopliysuui. Gray, 235 2 34 Papaverace*, Juss. 34 2 34 Papaver, L. 34 2 34 nudicaulc, L. 34 2 129 Parnassia, L. 82 2 129 Caroliniana, AIx. 83 1 145 fimbriata, Kiin. 84 1 146 Kotzebuei, Clutm. (Tab. XX^ /III.) 1 83 I 146 paluslris, L. 82 INDEX. 309 vol. rtai palusM), 3. Wahl. V . 1 82 parviflora,* DC. (Tmi. XXVII. B.) 1 82 Paronychia, Juss. • 1 220 scjsiliflora, Nutt. (Tab. LXXV.) 1 226 Paronvchie^, St Hit. ■ . I 220 Paubya, Br. . . I 46 arctica, Br. . . 1 47 macrooarpa, Br. (Tab. XV.) . I 47 Pabtinaca, X. . . 1 269 faniculacea, Spr. . I 208 saliva, L. . . 1 269 triqtiinata, Spr. . . 1 267 Patrinu, Juas. 1 290 ceratophylla, Hook. . 1 290 Pediciilarib, £. . . 2 106 atota, Pursh? . 2 110 arctica, Br. . . 2 109 bractcosa, Benth. . . 2 110 Canadensis, i. . . 2 108 capitata, Stev. . 2 100 Chamissonis, Stev. . 2 107 contorta, Benth. 2 108 donsiflora, Benth. (in note) . 2 1 10 euplirasioidcs, Steph. 2 109 flammea, i. . 2 110 .' gladiata, Mx. . . 2 108 . Grocninndica, Relz, . 2 108 , hirsuta, L. . . 2 109 hirsuta, Ricli. * . . 2 109 Labradorica.L. . . 2 109 lanata, W. et A. . . 2 109 lanceolata, I'ursh, . . 2 107 Langsdortiii, Fisch. . 2 109 Lapponica, L. . . 2 108 macrodontis, Rich. . 2 107 nasuta, Bieb. . 2 109 Nelsonii.Br. . 2 106 ornitliorliynchos, Benth. ■ 2 108 pallida, Nutt. 2 107 palustris, L. . . 2 107 palustris. Hook. . 2 107 purpurascens, Spreng. . 2 109 racemosa, Douyl. . . 2 108 ramosa, Wonnsk. . . 2 109 Sudetica, Willd. . . 2 109 surrecta, Benth. . 2 107 • Uel'ereace to I'late omitted in the Description. «oi. uoa verticolor, IVahl. . 2 110 verlicillata, Stev. 2 107 verticiUata, Piirsh, . 2 106 Virginica, Poir. 2 107 Wlassoviana, Stev, . 3 107 Pbntbtemon, L'Uirit, . . 2 95 acuininatiis, Lindl. 2 97 attonuatua, Dougl. . . 2 07 conferluB, Lindl. . . 2 96 densatus, Dougl. . . 2 93 ditFusus, i)o«i;/. . . 2 95 Douglasii, Hook. . . 2 98 frutosuens, Lamb. . . 2 98 Gairdncri, Hook. . . 2 09 glanduloaus, Lindl. . . 2 95 giaucus, Grah. . . 2 95 gracilis, iVt<». ... 2 97 gracilis, Bot, Mag. 2 95 Menziesii, Pursh, . . 2 98 nitidus, Dougl. . 2 97 ovatus, Dougl. . , 2 96 prouerus, Dougl. , . 2 96 pruinosus, Z^oMi;/. . . 2 96 |)ubescons, Ait. . . 2 97 Ricliardaoni, Dougl. . . 2 96 Scoulcri. Dougl. . . 2 96 serrulatus, Menz. . . 2 95 speciosua, Dougl. , . 2 98 Tolmiei, Hook. . . 2 98 triphyllus, Dong'.. . . 2 96 venustus, Dou/jl. . . 2 95 Penthorium, Z, . . 1 228 Bcdoides, L. . 1 229 Peristylus, Lihc'l. 2 201 bracteatiis, Li hit. 2 201 Cliorislanus, Lindl 2 201 Petalostemum, Mx. . 1 137 candidum, Mx. 1 137 ornutum, Dougl. . 1 138 violaceuni, Mx. . I 137 Peucedanum Ostruthium, Koch, I 269 Phaca, L. . . 1 140 aboriginorum, Hook. (Tab. LVI.) 1 143 alpina, L. . . 1 140 astragnlina, DC. . . 1 145 bisulcata, Hook. . 1 145 ? coBspitosa, A'mM. (Tab. LV.) 1 143 SIO INDEX. Tot, MU« «0I. n,a» cantpatrii, Wahl. 147 communia, Trin. a 341 collina, Dougl. Ml PlIRVMA, L. 3 Mb olegani, Houk. 144 loptoitachya, L. 2 118 clongata, Hook. 140 PHYLLOaPADIX, Hook. . 2 171 floxuoia, Duugl. 141 Scoulerl. Hook. (Tab. CLXX XVI.) 8 171 frigida, L, 140 PlIYSALia, L. 2 90 glabriuicula, Hook. 144 (fraiidifloro, Hook. 2 90 nigretcenii Hook. 143 Pciiiiaylvanica, L. 3 90 pcctinata, Hook. (Tai LIV.) 1 141 viscoaa, Jac(|. . 8 90 poilocarpu, Hook. 142 PlIYBBMATIUM, Kaulf. . 3 250 Phacelia, Mx. 2 80 obtuaum, Hook. 2 250 furcata, Dougl. 3 75 PHY808TBOIA, Benth. 3 116 hastata, Dougl. S 80 imhricala, Hoolt. 2 116 hetcrophylla, Purth, 3 80 Virgiiiiana, Benth. 2 110 ramotiMima, Dougl. 3 80 PHVToi.Accii.t:, Br. 2 128 Phalarib, L. 2 234 Phytoiacca, L, 2 128 Americana, Ell. 2 234 decand) u, L. . 3 128 arundinacea, L. 2 234 PiCRADINIA, Hook. 1 317 Caroliniana, Walt. 2 334 Kichurdsoui, //<«/*. (Tab. CVl II.) 1 317 Phalangium etculentum, Nult. . 2 186 PiNOtlCULA, L. 2 118 Quantath, Purah, 2 180 graiidiflora, Sm. 3 118 Phasbolds, L. . 161 vulgaria, L. 3 118 helvolui, L. 162 PiNUS, L. 3 161 Philadelfhe.c, Don, 219 alba, Solaml. 3 163 Phiiadblphus, L. 219 Balaamea, L. 2 163 Lewitii, Purth, 220 Bankaiana, Lamb. B 161 Phippsia, Br. . 2 238 Canadensis, L. 8 164 algid a, Br. 2 238 distoria, Dougl. 2 161 algida, /3. Kth. 2 238 Douglttsii, Sabine, (Tab. monandra, Trin. 2 238 CLXXXIII.) 2 1C2 Phleum, L. 2 234 grandii, Dougl. 2 163 alpinum, L. 2 234 inups, Sol. 2 161 commutatum. Gaud. . 2 234 Lanibertiana, Dougl. . 2 161 pratenie, L. 2 234 laaiocarpa, Hook. 2 163 Phlox, i. 2 72 Menzicaii, Lamb. 2 162 divaricata, L. 2 72 Mertenaiana, Bong, 2 164 Douglaaii, Hook. (Tab. CLVIII.) 2 73 microcarpa, iMt Rot, . 2 164 Hoodii, Bich. 2 73 monticola, Dougl. 2 161 Hookcri, Dougl. (Tab. CLIX.) 2 73 nigra, Ait. 2 103 humilis, Dougl. 2 72 nobilia, Dougl. 2 162 itaaculau, Jacg. 2 72 pendula, Suland. 2 164 paniculata, Ail. 2 72 rcsinoaa, Suland. 2 161 Ricbardaoni, Hook. (Ta B. CLX.) 2 73 rubr'.. Lamb. 2 164 Sabini, Dougl. 2 72 rubra, Mi. 3 161 Sibirica, L. 2 73 Sal iniana, Dougl. 3 162 specioaa, Lindl, 2 72 Si.chcnsia, Bong. 3 164 Phbaohites, Trin. 2 241 Strobuf , L. . 2 161 INDEX. 811 toi. rial (HI UUI lai\folia, LamI). a 164 icapl^erum. Hook. (Tab. XVIII. D.) 1 08 Pititm marilimum, L. 1 Ids Pleotritii, DC, a 391 PL*NTAa>Nli.C, Jutt. 3 128 coni;eita, DC. 1 201 Plantaoo, L. . a 123 Plivrooynb, Es> fitchol' a 66 nriitala, Mx. . a 124 rotata, L, , . , a 65 corilatB, Lam. a 133 PLEuuopoaoN, Br. a 240 tlomjaia, Purth, a 134 Sabinii, Br. 9 849 Knaphalioidot, AuH. a 124 Plumraoine/V, Juii. 9 128 Kentucheniit, Mx. a 123 POA.X,. a 244 Lngopui, Purih, a 134 abbroviata, Br. a 246 lanceolitta, L. a 123 airnidea, yuti. a 345 tnacrocarpai Cham. a 133 alpina, L. 2 245 m^or> L, a 123 angustata, Br. a 246 maritima, L. , a 123 annua, L, 2 245 pauciflora, Purih, a 124 (iquatica, L. 8 247 Platanthera, Rich. a 100 ai/ualica, var. Torr. a 247 blephariglottii, Lindl. a 100 arcticai Br, a 245 ciliurii, Lindl, a 199 arenaria, fi. Trin. a 245 crispa, Lindl. a 200 borcalii, Hooh, a 244 dilatntai Lindl. a 198 Canadeiuii, Turr. a 348 elcgana, LindL a ion eapilluris, L, a 244 flmbriala, Lindl. a 200 con)|irossai £. a 346 graciliii Lindl, a 108 crocftta, 3Ix. 2 246 graminea, Lindl. a 100 distant, L. 2 345 grand{/lora, Lindl. a 200 elungata, Torr. a 348 hcrbiola, Lindl. a 197 fertilis, Host, 2 246 holopotala, Lindl, a 199 fasciculata? Torr. 2 245 Hoolieri, Turr. a 190 fcstuctcrormis, Hott, a 345 Huruncntis, Lindl. a 198 flozuosa, Wahl. 2 245 hyporboroa, Lindl. 2 197 Jlexuota, Sm. a 345 incisa, Lindl. . 2 200 Jtexuosa, 0. Trin. a 245 Kuiiigii, Lindl, 2 198 Jiuitam, E. Bot. 2 248 leucostachyB, Lindl. a 198 fulva, Trin. 2 247 Monziesii, Lindl. 2 197 glauca, Sm. 2 346 obtusata, Lindl. CTab. CXCIX.) 2 196 kxa, Hank. 2 345 orbiciilata, Lindl. (Tab . cc.) . a 190 laxa, Dr. 2 345 p8ychodes, Lindl. a 200 laxa, Wahl. a 245 rotundifolia, Lindl. (T AB. CCL) 2 200 Icptocoma, Trin. 2 247 utricta, Lindl. 2 199 Michauxii, Kth. 2 254 Scbismarettiana, Lindl 2 197 ncinoralis, L. 2 246 tipuloides, Lindl. 2 195 nervata, Willd. 2 348 Platanus, L. 2 158 Aullalliana, R. ct S. 2 245 occidcntalis, L. 2 158 obluta, Muhl, 2 348 Platypetaliih, Br. 1 C6 pratunsis, L. 2 346 dubium, Br. , 1 GO rcptans, Mx. 2 344 purpurascens, Br. (Ta B. XXIIL) 1 66 rotundata, Trin. 2 247 PLATYSPtiHHUM, Hooh. 1 68 $erotinai Gaud. 2 246 vi ^, V^^.W. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^/ •V^ ^3^ ^^^i^ <" 1.0 I.I 1^ us £ us 110 ■ 45 u m \ '. L25|U II ,.6 < 6" ► 7 -^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WfST MAIN STREIT WEBSTIR.N.Y. I45W (716) t72-4S03 o\ > S12 INDEX. •tenantha, Trin. " TOl. 2 PAQt 248 pubescent, Punb, fOl. 2 PAfll 176 ttriata, Mx. . 2 248 POLTGONB^, JUU. 2 129 Torreyana, Spr. 2 248 PoLYGONClf, L, 2 130 Podalyria alba, Wm. . 129 alpinum, All. 2 lai hipinoidei, Willd. 129 ampbibiura, £. 2 131 tinctoria, Sims, 129 articulatum, Punh, 2 133 Podophtllb;e,\/)C. 31 aviculare, L. 2 132 PODOPHTLLVH, £. 31 Bistorta, L. 2 130 peltatum, L. 31 bittortoidet, Punb, 2 ISO POOONIA, Juts. 2 201 cilinode, Mx. 2 131 ophiogloasoides, Ker, 2 201 coarctatum, Dougl. 2 133 penduin, LinM. 2 202 eoccineum, Pursb, 2 131 PoLANisiA, Rafin. I 71 coccineum, var. aquat., Pursh, 2 131 graveolens, Rafin. 1 71 eoccineum, var. terrestr., Pursh 2 131 POLBMONIACEA, JulS. 2 71 Convolvulus, L. 2 131 POLBMONIUH, L. 2 71 confertiflorum, Dougl. . 2 132 acutiflorum, Willt). 2 71 ellipticum, Willd. 2 130 ' cseruleum, L. 2 71 Fagopyrum, L, 2 131 earuleum, Cham. 2 71 filiforme, Bert. 2 133 ' caruleum, Hook. 2 71 Hydropiper, L. 2 138 emruleum, var. Lindl. 2 71 hydropiperoides, Mx. 2 132 humile, Willd. 2 ri lineare, Menz. 2 133 lanatum, Fisch. 2 71 linifolium, Mubl. 2 133 motchatum, Wormsk. 2 71 mite, Ell. 2 132 pulchellum, Bungc, 2 71 Paronychia, Cham, 2 132 pulcherrimum, Hook. 2 71 Persicaria, L. 2 132 ' Richardsoni, Grab. 2 71 Pennsylvanicum, L. ? 2 132 speciosum, Fisch. 2 71 sagittatum, L. 2 131 viUosum, Don, 2 71 tenue, Mx. 2 132 PoLTOALA, Tourn. 84 Virginicum, L. 2 132 cruciata, L. . 65 viviparum, Z. 2 130 incarnata, L. 84 POLYFODIDM, L. 2 258 paucifolia, Willd. 86 calcareum, Pursh, 2 259 paucifolia, var. ? Nutt. 87 calcareum, Sm. 2 259 polygama, Walt. (Tab. XXIX .) 1 86 Californicum, Kaulf. 2 258 purpurea, Ait 86 connectile, Mx. ? 2 258 rubella, Willd. 86 cruciatum, Kaulf. 2 258 Senega, £. 65 Dryopteris, L, 2 259 uniflora, Mx, 87 hexagonopterum, Mx. 2 258 verticillata, L. 85 hyperboreum, Sw. 2 259 POLTOALEX, Just. 84 Ilvense, Sw. 2 259 POLTOONATUM, Detf. 2 176 intermedium, Hook. . 2 258 anguttxfolium, Purah, 2 176 obtutum, Sw. 2 260 eanaliculatum, Pursb, 2 176 Phegoptcris, L, 2 258 hirlum, Punh, 2 176 Phegopterii, y. Schk. , 2 258 latifolium, Purab, 2 176 Virginicum, L. 2 258 muitiflorum, Detf. 2 176 Tolgare, £. . 2 258 INDEX. 818 «ou MOE TOL. FIOI vulgare, Virginianum, Bong. 2 258 diversifolia, Lehm. 1 190 Polypogon glomeratus, Willd, . 2 237 Drummondii, Lehm, (T 4B. LXV.) 1 189 racemosus, Nutt. 2 237 effusa, Dougl. 1 187 tetosus, Spr. . 2 237 emarginata, Pursh, 1 194 PoNTEDERIACB«, Kutlth, 2 187 ferruginea, Dougl. 1 186 PONTEDERIA, L. 2 187 flabeHiformis, Lehm. (T AB. LXVL) 1 192 corilata, L. . 2 187 ftoribunda, Pursh, 1 186 POFULUS, L. . 2 153 fragiforiuiB, Lehm, 1 194 balsamifera, L. 2 153 fruticosa, L. 1 186 candicans, Ait. 2 154 fruticosa, A. Nestl. 1 186 granilidentata, Mx, 2 154 gracilis, Dougl. 1 192 tremuloides, Mx. 2 154 groiaa, Dougl. 1 193 trepida, Willd. 2 154 Gunneri, Hort. I 195 POBTULACA, Toum. 1 222 Hippeana, Lehm. (Tab . LXIV.) 1 188 oleracea, L. 1 222 hirsuta, Mx. 1 193 PortulacejE, Juas. 1 222 hirsuta, Vahl, 1 194 POTAMOOETON, L. 2 171 Jamesoniana, Grev. . 1 194 diversifolius, Bart. 2 172 Uucophylla, Torr. 1 188 fluitans. Roth, 2 172 micrantha, Ledeb. 1 195 heterophyllua, Schreb. 2 172 Millegrana, Dougl. 1 193 lucens, Torr. , 2 172 Monspeliensis, L. 1 184 marinus, L. 2 172 Morrisoni, DC. 1 194 natans, L. 2 171 nana, Lehm. . 1 194 paueiflorvs, Pursh, 2 172 nivalis, Torr. 1 176 pectinatus, L. 2 172 nivea, L. 1 195 perfoliatus, £. 2 172 Norvegica, L. 1 193 preelongiis, Wulff. 2 172 obliqua, Dougl. 1 186 pusillus, L. 2 172 opaca, L. 1 191 rufescens, Schrad. 2 172 palustris, Scop. 1 187 selaceus, Pursh, 2 172 pectinata, Fisch. 1 188 zostcreefolius, Schum. 2 172 Pennsylvanica, L, 1 187 POTENTIILA, Nestl, 185 pulchella, Br, 1 191 absmthiifolia, Dougl. . 188 pulcherrima, Lehm. 1 190 anserina, L. 189 pumila. Lam. I 192 aigentea, L. . 191 retusa, Ketz, . I 195 arguta, Pursh, (Tab. LXIII.) 186 rubriraiilis, Lehm. 1 191 ' arguta, Lehm, 188 sarmentosa, Muhl. 1 192 biflora, Lehm. 195 sarmentosa, Willd. 1 192 ' Lipinnatifida, Dougl. . 188 sericpa, L. 1 189 Canadensis, L. 192 simplrx, Mx. , 1 192 ' Caroliniana, Poir. 192 supina, L. 1 187 • chrysantha, Trev, 193 temifolia. Herb. Willd 1 186 Comarum, Nestl. 187 tridentala, Ait. 1 196 coneinna. Rich. (Tab. LXVII ■) I 193 villosa, Pall. . 1 194 confertijiora, Torr. 136 Valiliana, Lehm. I 194 dealbata, Dougl. 188 unijlora, Ledeb. 1 195 dissecta.OC. 103 POTEHIUH, L. 1 198 VOL. II. 5 I R 314 INDEX. 4; VOL. PAOfi TOI ruiu annuum, NuH, 198 pumila, L. 167 SanguisoTba, L, 198 spinosa, Z, 167 Pothosfatida, Mx. 169 serolina, Ehrh. 169 Prenanthes alba, Willd, 294 Susquehanm, Willd. . 168 altimma, Willd. 294 Virginiana, L. 169 cordata, Ell. . 294 Virginiana, Nutt. 169 juneea, Dougl. 295 Psamma arenaria, Beauv. 241 juncea, Pursh, 293 Psoralba, L. ma raeemota, Mx. 294 arenaria, Nutt. 135 Serpentaria, Pursh, . 294 argophylla, Pursh, (Tab. LII •) J 135 Pbimcla, L, 2 120 brachiata, Dougl (Tab. LIII. 137 Egalicemis, Horn. 2 121 Candida, Poir. 137 farinosa, L. 2 120 eUiptica, Pursh, 135 fttrinosa, Sw. , 2 120 incann, Nutt. 136 farinosa, p. WahU 2 120 lanceolata, Pursh, (Tab. LI.) 135 Finmarchica, Willd. . 2 121 macrostachya, DC. 136 Hornemanniana, jRi'cA. 2 120 physodes, Dougl. 136 integrifolia, CEd. 2 121 violacea, Poir. 138 Miitatsinnca, Mx. 2 120 Ptebis, L. 2 263 nivalis, Pa//. 2 120 aquilina, L. 2 263 Norvegica, Retz, 2 121 atropurpurea, £. 2 264 pusUla, Hook. 2 120 caudata, Pursh, 2 263 sazlfragifolia, £eAm. . 2 121 gracilis, Mx. 2 264 Scotica, /fooA. 2 121 gracilis, var.? Rich. . 2 264 Sibirica, ./ac^. 2 120 lanuginosa, H. et A. 2 263 slricta, Horn. a 120 Ptbbospoba, Nutt. 2 48 Prihulace£, Jum. 2 118 Andromedea, Nutl. 2 48 Pbinob, Z,. . . . 121 Pulmonaria denticulata, Kocin. 2 87 glaber, X. . 122 lanceolata, Pursh, 2 86 Gronovii, Mx. 121 marginata, Nutt. 2 86 verticillatus, i.. 121 maritima, L. . 2 86 Pbosebmnaca, Z. 215 paniculata, Ait. 2 87 palustris, L. . 215 parviflora, Mx. 2 86 Pbdnblla, Benth. 2 114 pilosa. Chum. 2 87 Pentuylvanica, L. 2 114 Sibirica, Pursh, 2 87 vulgaris, Z. . 2 114 Pubshia, DC. 1 170 PauNDs, Toum. 167 tridentata, DC. (Tab. LVIII.) 1 170 boreahs, Pureh, 168 PrCNANTHEHUM, Mx. 2 113 Canadensis, Willd. 169 incanum, Mx. 2 113 Chicasa, Pursh, 168 Pyrethbuh, Willd. 1 320 depresta, Pursh, 168 Caucasicum, Willd. . 1 320 hyemalis, Mx. 168 inodorum, Sm, 1 320 Insititia, Walt. 168 PVBOLA, L. . . . 2 45 lanceolata, Willd. 168 aphylla. Sm. (Tab. CXXXVII ) a 48 nipro. Ait. 167 asarifoUa, Torrey, 2 48 obovata. Big. 1C9 asarifolia, Mx. 2 46 Ptnntylvanica, L. . 168 bracteata, Ilook. 2 47 INDEX. 315 vol.. PtOB VOL, l>Aai ehlorantha, Sw. (Tab. CXXXIV.) 2 46 Canadensis, Jacq. 1 19 eoHvoluta, Banks. , , 2 46 cardiophyllus. Hook. (Tab. V. B.) 1 14 dentata, Sm. (Tab. CXXXVI.) 2 47 Carolinianus, DC. . 1 20 olliptioa, Nutt. (Tab. CXXXV.) 2 47 Cymbalaria, Pursh, . 1 11 Groenhttdica, Horn. 2 46 Eecholtzii, Schl. 1 18 incamala, Fisch. 2 46 fascicularis, Muhl. (Tab. VIII. A.) 1 20 maculate, L. . 2 49 fascicularis, Schl. 1 21 Menziesii, Br. 2 49 Jiliformis, Mx. 1 11 minor, L. 2 45 Flammula, L. 1 U occidentalis, Von, 2 47 fiuviatilis, Willd. 1 10 phytolaccoides, Lyon, 2 63 fluviatilis, Bi^. 1 15 picta, Sm. 2 47 glaberrimus. Hook. (Tab. V. A.) 1 12 pumila, Horn. 2 40 Gmelini, Schk. ] 16 rosea, Purth, . 2 45 halophilus, Schl. 1 11 rotundifolia, L. 2 46 hispidus, Mx. 1 19 rotundifolia, Mz. 2 47 hyperboreus, Roth, 1 16 secuiida, L, 2 45 Langsdorffii, DC. 1 15 vmbellata, L. 2 49 Lapponicua, L. 1 16 uniflora, L- o 45 multifidus, Pursh, 1 15 Pyrbocoma, Hook.- 3U6 nitidus, MuM. 1 20 carthamoides, Hook. {' Pab. CVII.) 307 nitidus, Walt. 1 14 Pyrus, Lindl. . 203 nivalis, L, . 1 17 Americana, DC. 204 nivalis, fi. Walt. 1 17 arbutifolia, L. . 204 nivalis, y. Br. 1 17 Botryapium, L. 202 orthorhynchus, Hook. (Tab. IX.) I 21 melanocarpa, Willd, 204 ovalifolius, Pursh, 1 12 ovalis, Willd. , 202 ovalis, Raf. (Tab. VI. B.) 1 13 rivularis, Dougl, (Tab. LXVIII.) 203 Pallasii, Schl. 1 10 sangninea, Pursh, 203 pantothrix, Brot. 1 10 Queria Canadensis, L. 22G pcdatifidus, Sm. (Tab. VIII. B.) 1 18 QUEKCUB, L. 2 158 Pennsylvanicus, L. 1 19 alba, L. 2 158 Purshii, Rich. (Tab. VII. B.) 1 15 Bannisteri, Mx. 2 158 Purshii, Rich. 1 15 Garryana, Dougl. 2 159 Purshii, fi. Rich. 1 15 obtusiloba, Mx. 2 158 pygmoeus, Waht. t 16 rubra, L. 2 158 recurvatus, Poir. 1 20 tinctoria, Sartr. 2 158 repens, L. . 1 19 Ranunculacea, Juss. 10 reptans, L. . 1 11 Ranunculus, L, 10 rhomboideus, Gold. 1 12 abortivus, L. 14 Sabinii, Br. . 17 acris, L. 18 salsuginosus. Pall. 1 U affinis, Sr. (Tab. VI. \.) . 12 scoleratus, L, . 15 aquatilis, L. 10 Schlecbtendalii, Hook. 21 nquatilis, 0. Schk. 10 septentrionalis, Pursh, 20 arcticus. Rich. 13 stagnatilis, Wallr. . 1 10 brevicaulis. Hook. (Ta B. VII. A.) 13 sulphureus, Sol. . 1 17 bulbosus, L. . 21 Razomowskia Caucasica, HofFm. 1 878 S16 INDEX. TOl. Mttl TOl. not Rbboolea, Klh. 2 240 Cynosbati, Mx. 1 280 grecilia, Kth. 2 240 divaricatum, Dmtgl 1 231 Rbstiaci^, Br. 2 187 echinatum, Dougl. 1 232 Shabdoerinum serolinum, Reich, 2 183 ftrox, Sm. 1 220 RBAMNBiE, Br. 122 fiavum, Berl. . 1 235 Rhamncb, Lam. 122 floriduni, L' Merit, 1 233 •Inifoliui, VHirit. (Tab. XLII.) 128 fuchsioides, Fl. Mex. 1 220 ■Ipinui, Bich. 132 glandulosum. Ait. I 232 ? cuncatut, Hook. 124 glandulosum. Rich. I 232 franguloidei, Mx. 120 hirtelhim, Mx. 1 231 oleifoliua, Hook. (Tab. XLIV.) 123 Hudaonianuni, Rich. , 1 233 Punhianus. DC. (Tab. XLIII.) 123 irriguum, Dougl. I 231 Rhinantrub, L. 2 106 lacuatre, Pursh, 1 232 Crista Galli, L. 2 106 laxijlorum, Pursh, 1 232 Rhodiola ronea, L. 1 227 laxijlorum, Rich. 1 232 Rhododendbon, Don, . 2 42 malvaceum, Sm. 1 234 albiflorum, Hook. (Tab. CXXXIII.] 2 43 Menziosii, Pursh, 1 220 KamUciiaticuin, Pall. 2 43 nigrum. Rich. 1 233 Lapponicuin, WaAl. . 2 43 oxyacanthoides, L, 1 230 maximum, Pursh, 2 42 oxyacanthoides. Rich. 1 234 nudiflorum, Pursli, 2 43 oxyacanthoides, Mx. . 1 232 viscoaum, Pursh, 2 42 Penmylvanicum, Lhid. I 234 Rhodoba, L. . 2 42 petiolare, Dougl. 1 233 Canadensis, L. 2 42 prostratum, L'Herit. . 1 232 Khvncro»poba, lahl, . 2 233 recurvatum, Mx, 1 234 alba, Vahl, . 2 283 rigens. Big. . 1 232 capilellata, Vahl, 2 233 rubruDi, L. . 1 232 glomurata, Vahl, 2 233 sanguineum, Pursh, I 234 Rhus, L. . . . 126 saxatile, Dougl. 1 231 aromatlca, Ail, 127 saxoauin, Dougl. 1 231 glabra, L. . , . 126 aetoaum, Lindl. 1 230 lobata, Hook. (Tab. XLVI.) 127 speciosum, Pursh, 1 220 radicana, L. . 127 atamineum, Sm. I 220 Toxicodendron, L. 127 tenuiRorum, Lindl. I 235 Toxicodendron, a. Mx. 127 triacanthum, Menz. I 220 Toxicodendron, 0. Terr. 127 trifidum, Mx. 1 232 typhina, L. . 126 triflorum, Willd. 1 230 venenata, DC, 126 tri/lorum. Big. 1 231 Vernix, L. . 126 viscoaisaimum, Pursh,{TjkB. L? .XVI.) I 234 RiBES, L. . . . 229 Ricotia linifolia, Roem. 2 86 affint, Dougl. 232 ROBINIA, DC. . 1 140 aibinerviumt Mx. 232 Pseudacacia, L. 1 140 aurcum, Pursh, 235 Rochelia dejtexa, Rcein, 2 84 aureum. Coll. 235 Lappula, Rcem. . 2 84 aureum, var. Dougl. . 235 Virginiana, Roem. 2 83 bractcoaum, Dougl. 233 RoMANzorpiA, Cham, 1 104 cereum, Dougl. 234 Sitchenais, Bong. 1 104 INDEX. S17 «0L. PAai TOL MOI Unalaschkana, Cham. 1 104 proeumbeiu, Muhl. 180 Rosa, Toum. 1 198 laxatilii, 0. Mx. 181 blanda, Ait. . 1 199 tempervirent, Big. 180 blanda, Punh, 1 199 tetoaus, Big. 179 Carolina, L. 1 199 spectabilia, Punh, 179 Carolina, f. Alt. 1 200 ■tellatus, Sm. 177 Caroliniana, Big. 1 199 ttenopetalus, Fiicb. . 178 cinnamomea, L, 1 200 strigoius, Andr. 179 fraiinifolia, Borh. I 199 triflorus, Rich. (Tab. LXI I.)' 1 180 fraxinifolia, a. DC. . 1 199 trivialit, Mx. 180 leevigata? Mx. 1 200 villosui. Ait. 179 lucida, Ehrh. 1 199 RuDBBCKiA, Cass. 311 roajalis, Retz, 1 200 columnari*, Nutt. 311 nitida, Willd. I 198 laciniata, Schrad. 311 penduUna, L. 1 200 Rdhex, L. 2 129 Pemuylvanica, Mx. 1 199 Acetosa, L. 2 129 stricta, MuM. 1 200 Acetosella, L. 2 129 Woodsii, Littdl. 1 199 aciitu*, L. 2 ISO Rosacea, Ju»». 1 167 aquaticus, fi. Wahl. . 2 129 RuBIACKiE, Mx. 1 285 crispus, L. 2 129 ROBDS, L. 1 177 digynus, L. 2 129 acaulia. Mx. . 1 182 domesticus, Hartm. 2 120 ctgopodioides, Sw. 1 181 maritimus, L.? 2 130 arcticus, L. 1 182 Nemolapathum, Ehrh. 2 130 Canadensis, L. 1 180 pallidas. Big. a 129 Canadensis t lore. 1 181 penicarioides, £. 2 130 Chamaemorus, L. 1 183 salicifolius, Weinm, 2 129 Dalibarda, L. 1 184 sanguineus, L. 2 130 fagettaris, Willd. 1 180 venosus, Pursh, (Tab. CL XXIV.) 2 130 hispidus, L.? 1 180 verticillatus. Rich. 2 129 tdoent, fi. Rich. 1 177 viridis, Sibth. 2 130 leucodermis, Dougl. 1 178 ROFPIA, L. 2 170 macropetalus, Dougl. ( Fab. LIX.) 1 178 maritima, L. . 2 170 Menziesii, Hook. 1 182 Rctace;b, Juss. 1 118 mucronatus, S&r. 1 178 Sabbatia, Adans. 2 69 myriacanthus, Dougl. 1 179 angularis, Pursh, 2 70 nivalis, Dougl. 1 181 campanulata, Torrey, 2 70 Nutkanus, Moc. 1 183 gracilis, Salisb, 2 69 obovalis, Mx. 1 180 Saoina, L. 1 92 obovatus, Mx, (Tab. I .X.) . 1 180 procumbens, L. 1 92 occidentalis, Mx. 1 178 Saoittabia, L. 2 167 odoratus, L. 1 183 acutifolia, Pursh, 2 167 parviflorusf Nutt. 1 181 gracilis, Pursh, 2 167 pedatus, Sm. (Tab. LJ ^I.) I 181 graminea, Pursh, 2 167 Pennsylvanicus, Poir. 1 177 hastata, Pursh, 2 167 pistillatus, Sm. 1 182 heterophylla, Pursh, . 2 167 propinquus, Rich. 1 182 latifolia, Pursb, 2 167 >t9 INDEX. VOL. ria* tot. PAaa Mgittifolin, L. 2 167 prinoides, Purih, 2 150 iimplex, Pursh, 2 167 purpurea, L. . 2 148 Sambucui, L. 1 278 repens, E. Bot. 2 151 Canadensio, L, 1 270 reticulata, L. 2 151 pubent. Ml. . 1 270 relusa, L. 2 153 racemMa, L, . 1 270 Richardsoni. «ooA. (Tab. CLXXXII.)2 147 Salicornia, L. 2 125 rigida, Willd. 2 140 annua, E. Bot. 3 125 rosmarinifolia, L. 2 148 firuticoia, Sm. 2 125 rottrata, Rich. 2 147 herbacea, L. . 2 125 rubra. Rich. 2 149 radicans, Sm. 2 125 Scouleriana, Barr. 2 145 Salix, L. 8 144 terpyllifolia. Scop. 2 153 auutifolia, Willd. 2 150 apecioaa, H. et A. 2 145 adenophylla, Hook. 2 146 Stuartiana, Sm. 2 151 Ammanniana t Rich, S 153 vestita, Pursh, 2 152 Anglorum, Cham. 2 153 villosa, Don, f 2 144 arctica, Br. 3. 152 Timinalis, L. 2 148 arenaria, H. et A. 2 151 Uva ursi, Pursh, 2 152 babamifera, Barr. 2 140 Salvia, L. 2 112 Barrattiana. Book. (Ta B, CLXXXI.) 2 146 carnosa, Dougl. 2 112 Candida, Pur$h, 2 144 fyraia, P. Pursh, 2 112 cordata, Wittd. 3 140 obovata, Ell. 2 112 eordata. Rich. 2 140 SALviNiACEiE, Barll. 2 268 cordata, Mx. 2 150 Salvinia, /.. 2 268 cordifolia, Purih, 2 152 nutans, L. 2 268 desertoruni, Rich. 2 151 SaMOOINARIA, I: 34 depressa, Hoffm. 3 151 Canadensis, L. 35 discolor, Wittd. 2 147 Sanouisorba, L. 107 Drummondiana, Barr, ms. . 2 144 Canadensis, />. 108 falcata, Pursh, 2 140 media, L. 197 fragilii, £. 2 148 Sanicula, L. 257 fiisca, L. 2 148 arctopioidcB, H. et Gr. (Tab. Helvetica f Barr. 2 146 XGI.) . 258 herbacea, L. 3 153 bipinnatifida, Dougl. (Tab. XCIl.) 258 Hoolieriana, Barr. (T »B. CLXXX.) 2 145 Canadensis, L. . 257 Lapponum ? Z. 2 151 Marylandica, L. 257 loDgifolia, WiUd. 2 140 Menziesii, H. et Gr. (Tab. XC.) 258 lucida, WiUd. 2 148 SANTALACEiC, Br. . 138 Mackenzieana, Barr. 2 140 Santolina suaveolens, Pursh, 327 Myrsinites, L. 2 151 SARRACENiEiC, De la Pyl. 33 nigra, WiUd. 2 148 Sarracenia, L. 33 nivalis, Hook. 2 152 purpurea, L. 33 obovata? Pursh, 2 152 Sassafras, iV. ab E. 2 137 pcdicellaris, Purih, . 2 150 officinale, JV; ab E. 2 137 petiolaris, Sm. 2 148 Satyrium repens, L. 2 203 planifolia, Pur$h, 8 150 SADBOREiE, Kich. 2 143 170 polaris, WaM, 2 153 INDEX. 819 «0I, Mat vol. rtui 149 170 Laurontiana, Ser. 1 945 Saurdroii L, . . 2 leucanthemifolia, Mx. 1 250 cernuui, L. . 2 143 170 micrantha, Fiich. 1 256 mi/oiolifolia. Pall. 1 253 Saosiurea, DC. , 1 S03 Nclioniana, Don, 1 951 a1pina> DC. . I 303 NeUoniana, Hook. 1 247 monticola, Rich. 1 303 nervosa. Lap. 1 248 multi/iora. Rich. . 1 303 nivalii, L. 1 245 SAXirRAOA, L. . . 1 242 nudicaulit, Don, 1 252 ailivahs, Fisch. . . 1 251 nutana, Don, . 1 245 Aizoon, Jacg. . . 1 935 oppoaitifoliat L, 1 242 uizoides, Sm. . . 1 243 pectinata, Purah, 1 255 amplexifolia, Sternb. . 1 256 Pennaylvanica, L. 1 240 androaacea, t. . , \ 244 petnea, L. 1 245 arguta, Don, . , 1 251 planifolia. Chain. 1 24:i aipera, Bieb. . 1 253 plantaginifolia. Hook. 1 249 aulumnalis, L. . . I 255 PontB, Sternb. 1 245 bicolor, SternI), . . 1 243 propinqua, Br. 1 252 bronchialia, £. . . 1 254 punctata, L. . 1 251 ctespitoaa, L, . . . 1 244 pyrolifolia, Don, 1 256 caipitosa, Sm. . . 1 244 ranunculifolia. Hook. (Tab. cernuai L. . . . 1 245 LXXXIII.) 1 24(! Chamitsoi, Sternb. . . 1 254 reflexa, Hook. (Tab. LXXX^ 1.) 1 24» Clusii, Scr. . . . 1 250 Riclmrdaonii, Hook. 1 247 coriacea, Fisch. . . 1 256 rivularia, L. 1 245 Daliurica, Pall. 1 250 rupeitris, Willd. 1 945 elongata, Sternb. 1 248 setigera, Purah, 1 253 Eschscholtzii, Sternb. . I 243 aerpyllifolia, Pursh, 1 243 Eschscholtzii, Cham. 1 243 Sibirica, L. . 1 246 exarata, Vill. . I 244 ailoniflora, Cham. 1 245 exilis, Steph. 1 245 apicata, Don, 1 251 ferruginea. Grab. . . 1 250 atellaria, L. 1 250 fimbriata, Don, 1 243 stellaris, li. Willd. 1 251 Fischeri, DC. . 1 243 slellaris, y. L. 1 251 flagellaris, WiUd. (Tab. LXXXVII.) 1 253 tricuapidata, Betz, 1 254 foliolosa, Br. . . 1 251 venosa. Haw. 1 243 Geum, Pursh, . I 251 venosa f Haw 1 244 gracilis, Steph. 1 252 vernalia, WiU^ 1 248 gracilis, Sternb. I 252 Virginienaia, M:-. 1 248 Gramlantlica, L. . . 1 254 Virginientis, Tort. 1 248 hcterantha, (Tab. LXXXVIII. B.) 1 252 uniflora, Sr. 1 244 hieracifolia, Kit. . . 1 249 SAXIFRAOEiE, JuSS. 1 235 Hirculus, Z. . . . 1 252 SCHEUCHZERIA, L. 2 168 hirsuta, 0. Ser. 251 paluatria, L, 2 168 hyperborea, Br. . . ] 246 ScHIZSA, Sw. . 2 265 integrifolia, Hook. (Tab. LXXXVI.) 1 249 australis, Gaud. 2 265 Jaraesii, Torr. (Tab. LXXXIV.) 1 247 filifolia, De la Pyl. . 2 265 390 INDEX. puillU, Br. Schanui albui, L. glomeralus, L. monoicui, Sm. *palhaeeu$, L. SeholUra graminifoUa, Willd, Seilla eseulenta, (i. Hook Sciapui, Br. acieuiarii, L, acutut, Muhl. Americanus, ' ttrovireni, Muhl Baobothryon, Ehrh. BtUardi, Wahl. caipiloiut, E. Bot. eapilluceut, Muhl. eapitalUM, Walt. EriophoruiD, J/x. lacuitris, £. lentlcularit, Tltrr. maeroitachyoi, Muhl. maritimui, £. HMrt/tmM, 0. Ml. mvcronafM, Purih, multicaulii, E. Bot. obtutui, Willd. (nia(i<«, Punh, pahutrii, L. . palustrii, /}. L. paucijtorut, E. Bot. polyphyllui, Punh, pungent, Vahl, robuthu, Punh, «pathaceu§, Afz. (ubterminalis, 7\>rr. .. sylvaticu*, £. lenuifoliut, DC. thyrtiflorut, Willd. trichodei, Muhl. triqueter, £. . validui, Vahl, SCROPHDLABIA, £. Marylandica, X. nodoia, var. Mx.' ScROPHULARINEiE, JuM. SCUTBLLABIA, £. ainAi]^a, Nutt. rol. MO I fOt. MOI a aM anruitifolia, Ph. 9 114 a aas •ntirrhinoidei, Btnlh. a IM a ass caneiceni, Nutt. a 114 a aas galerlculata, L. a 114 a ass incana, Spr. . a lis a 187 laterirolia, L. 2 115 a 186 parvula, Mx. 2 IIA a 239 terrala, Spr. 2 114 a 220 Sboum, DC. 226 a 220 Douglaail, Hook.'. 227 a 220 Rhodlola.DC. 227 a aso ipathulirolium. Hook. 227 a aao ttoiiopetalum, Purth, 228 a 228 ternatum, Mx. 228 a 229 SiLiNUH, Hoffm. 26S a 229 Canadente, Mx. 268 a 220 terebiDthinum, Hook. (Tab. XCV.) 26A a 230 Sbnbcio, L. . , 331 a 229 alriplicifoliua, Hook. , 333 a 230 •ureui, L. . . 333 a 230 Baliamita, Muhl. ■ 333 a 230 Canadenaii, L. 334 a 230 canui, Hook. (Tab. CXVI.) 333 a 220 Cymbalaria, Punh, . 333 a 228 eremophyllua, Rich. . 334 a 229 fattigiatus, Mchwein. 833 3 229 frigidus, Lets. (Tab. CXII.) 334 a aa8 gracilit, Punh, 338 a 828 bieraciifoliua, Mx. 332 a 239 Kaliiiii,X. . 335 a aso Kalmii, H. et A. 333 a 329 integrifoliui, Nutt. 335 a 330 lugen», Hich. (Tab. CXIV.) 333 a 333 obovatu; Willd. 333 a 229 pauciflorui, Purth, 333 a 230 pauciflorut, Punh, 333 a 220 paluttri*, L. . 334 a 230 Pieudo-Arnica, Lttt. (Tab. CXIII. ) 1 334 a 229 reaedifoliui. Lttt. (Tab. CXVII.) 333 a 229 Serra, Hook. . 333 a 229 triangularis. Hook, (Tab. CXV.) 332 a 94 Tulgaria, L. , 331 2 04 Seriocabfus, Neet, 2 14 a 94 rigidua, Lindl. 2 14 2 93 iolida);iiioideB, Ntei, 2 14 2 114 Serpieuta occidentalit, Punh, . 2 193 a 115 verlicillala, L. . 2 193 INDEX. 891 (Ol. Pai lot. p«ia nigrtinii Ij, 9 90 leucnphaeua, IVilld. 1 9M triflorum, AiiW. a 00 oleraceua, L, 1 993 SOLIDAOO, L. a I |«llidua, mild. 1 393 altltiitiii, Ail. 9 a Sibiriciia. L. 1 ao3 altuiima t Ait. 9 a Sopknra fahitcea. Pall. , 1 138 aUittima, H. Ait. a a tupinoiilrt, Pall. 1 190 ■rguta, Ait. 9 8 hpinoiUet, a. L. V 1 138 uperala, Herb, Bankt, 9 3 liiielorin, L. 1 130 axillari*, Herb. Banki, 9 4 Sorhut Americana, Purih, 1 304 bicolor, Ail. 9 3 /4ucu;)aria, /i. Mx. 1 ao4 emtia, L. 9 A Sparqanium, L. a 169 Canadeniii, Ail. 9 1 ereclum, L. a 160 conrerllflori, Null. 9 4 erecliim, A. £. 9 160 •lata, Httb. Bankt, . 9 5 nalana, £. a 160 flexicaulii, Hook. 9 4 ramniiim, 5»i. 3 160 gigantea, Ail. a 3 aimplux, Sm. 3 160 glomeratn, Mx. ? 9 4 SpAaxiNA, Schrtb. a 342 graminifolia, Nult. 9 0 eynoiiiroideai Wittd. . a 349 humiliit Herb. BanA*, 9 A polyatttchya, Willd. . 9 343 Juncea, Ail. 9 3 Sprcularia, Heiit. 3 20 ItevigaU. Ait. a 4 ))erfi)liata, Alph. DC, 3 30 lanata, Hook. a 4 Speroula, L. 1 03 lanceolata, L. a 6 arvcnaii, L. 1 03 lateriflora, Ait. 9 3 dtcumbetu, Ell. 1 03 hiifolia, L. Herb. a 5 maxima, Weih. 1 03 macrophylla, Herb. Banki, a 4 nodosa, L. 1 03 multiradinta, Ail. a A peiilandra, Sm. 1 03 nemoralis, Ail. a 3 provumbent, A. L>> 1 03 odora« Ail. a 3 ramoiitaima, Dougl. , 1 03 pilota, Mill. a a a«k;iiioidi-s, L. I 03 procera, Ail. 3 a intjinoidet. Curt. 1 03 rigida. Ail. 3 A aiiliulutn, Swarlx, 1 03 nigoia, Willd. a a Spenjulaitrum gramineum, Mx. 1 94 Sarolhra, Pursh, 3 as lanceolalum, Mx. 1 05 Minpervirena, Ait, a 3 SpiaiCA, L. 1 171 lerotina, Ait. a a acuminata, Dougl. I 173 iquamota, Nutt. a 4 alba, Ehrh. 1 172 atrictai Ail. a 4 ariecC'lii, Sm. I 17A tenuifolia, Rich. a 6 Aruncua, L. 1 173 Tilloaa, Herb. Batik*, a 3 beliilsrollH, Pall. 1 173 Timinea, Ail. a 4 capitain, Purah, 1 171 Virgaurea, Ait. a A chuniuidriroliii, i>. 1 171 Virgaurea, Pursh ? a A discolor, Purah, 1 173 SoNCHDI, L. 1 393 Diiiiglaaii, Hook. 1 173 alpinua, L. 1 393 hyperlcilolia, L. 1 171 arvensia, L. 1 393 lucidn, Dounl. 1 173 earuleut, Sm. 1 293 Menzieaii, Hook. 1 17S INDEX 3aa monof^yna, Torr. OpulifolUi I: Mlicirolli, Mx. talic\fl>lia, y, Ait, lorblfolia, L. tomenloiai L. trifotioUala, L> SruANTiui, Rich. cornuai Rich, declpieni, Hook. (Tab. CCIV grocilii, Bigel (Tai. CCIIl.) f l/nalatchkeniii, Sprenjf. Sporobolui tenaciiiimui, Beauv STArHVLA:A, L. trifolin, L. Stachyi, £. ambigua, E. Bot. ••pen, Mz, ciliatai l>ougl, Faniculum, Purth, hiipida, Mx. paluitriii L, Statics, L, Armoria, L. Carolinkna, Walt. Stillabia, Z. aqualica. Pall. borealia, Big. erattifolia, Cham. craaiifolia, 0. Wahl critpa, Cham. Edwardiii. Br. (Tab. XXXI.) gracilii, Rich. graminea, Big. graminea, -y. L. , humirusa, Rottb. leeta, Rich. lanceolata, Torr. longiroliii, Muhl. long! pet) Gold. media, Sm, nitida. Hook. ovalifolia. Hook. palustrii, a. Rich. paluatrit, /3. Rich. ttricta, Rich. ttricta, u. Rich. ) t2 2 3 3 2 3 S 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 171 171 173 173 173 173 174 303 203 303 202 107 230 110 110 116 116 116 116 115 116 116 123 123 123 04 03 04 07 07 07 06 07 04 03 07 06 05 04 05 04 06 07 06 06 06 06 tot. MUl uliginota, Murr. . . I 08 Sttllara lalhraoidt; Fiiob. . 3 OS Sitnaclii annua, Neci, • . 9 90 dubia, CaH. . 9 90 STifA. L. . . 3 387 Canadenti; Poir. . 9 386 cipiuta, £. 3 987 hymrnoidt; R. &t S. . 9 987 juitcea, Mx. . 9 956 juncea, Punh ? . 3 337 membranacea, Purth, 3 387 parviflorn, Nutt. 8 337 Spuria, Trin. . 3 337 StairToroi, Mx. . 3 173 amplexifuliui, DC. . 3 178 diitortua,A/r.(TAB,CLXXXVIlI.A.) 3 178 lanuginoiui, Mx, 3 175 roiout,ilfx. (Tab. CLXXXVIII. B.) 3 173 Sirophotlglet htluola, Ell. . 1 162 StruthiopteriB Penniylvanica, Willd. 3 363 SWBBTIA, L. . . 3 66 Americana, Spreng, . . 3 67 comiculala, Mx. . . 3 67 Michauxiana, R. el S. 3 67 perennia, L. . , 3 66 lulcata, Friea, , , 3 65 SviiPLocABrui, Saliib. 2 160 fcetidua, Tfutt. . 3 160 Kamtachaticua, fon^. 3 160 Talinum, Adami, . 1 323 ? Meiizicaii, Hook. (Tab, LXX.) 1 333 Tamacbtdm, L. . . 1 337 camphoratum, L. . 1 337 mutricarioidet, Leii. . I 337 pauciaorum, Kich. 1 837 ? auaveolena, Hook. (Tab. CX.) 1 337 vulgare, L, . . 1 327 Taxodium, Rich, . . 3 164 aempervireoa. Lamb. . 3 164 Taxus, X. . 3 167 baccala, L. . . 2 167 Canadenita, Willd. . 2 167 Tellima, Br. . . 1 230 grandiflora, Dough . 1 230 parviflora,//ooA. (Tab. LXXVIII.A.) 1 2.S0 Tbphrobia, Pers. 1 138 Virgioiana, Per*. 1 138 324 INDEX. TiRBBINTRACEJE, Juil. I oi. rioi I 126 ? Menzieiii, Pur*A. vou FAOI 386 Tetbanthbra, Jacq. 2 137 Menxietiif Punh, . 237 Calirornica. W. et A. 2 lar triandra, Dougl. , 237 Tbdcbium, L, a 117 trifoiiata, L. 238 Canadcnse, L. 2 117 unifoliata, Hooh. (Tab . LXXXI.) 238 Tralictbum, L. I 2 Tigarea tridentata, "ursli, 170 anemonoidea, Mx, 1 4 TlLIACBiE, Juit. 108 Canadense, Corn. I 3 TiLIA, L. loe clavatum, DC. 1 2 Americana, L. 108 Cornuti, L. (Tab. II.) 1 3 Americana, Walt. 109 corynellum, DC. 1 3 Canadensis, Mx. 108 diocium, L. I 3 glabra, Vent. 108 Japonicum, Thui.b. 1 23 pubcscens. Ait, 108 IffiTigatum, Mx. 1 3 ToFiELOiA, Huds. 2 179 pubeicens, Pers. 1 3 borealis, Cham. 2 179 purpuraaccns, Br. 1 3 borealis, Wahl. 2 179 revolufum, DC. ? 1 3 cocclnea, Rich. 2 179 Thaspiom, N'ult. 265 glutinosa, Pursh, (Tab . CXCI.) 2 179 actieifolium, ?fult. 1 265 palustrU, Huds. 2 179 aureum, Nutt. 1 260 pusilla f Pursh, 2 179 Thbbmopsii, Br. 128 ToLMiEA, Hooh. 2 44 fabacea, DC. 128 occidentalis, Hooh. 2 45 lanceolata, Br. 128 TOWNSENDIA, Hooh. 2 16 rhombifolia, A'ttW. (Tab. XLV II.) 1 128 icricea, Rich. (Tab. CXIX.) 2 16 Tkeiium umbellatum, L. ! 139 Trachynotis polystachya, Mx. . 2 242 TlILASFI, L. £8 Tradbbuantia, L. 2 167 alpestre, L. . 58 Virginica, X. 2 167 alpinum, Jacq. 58 Trichochloa glomerata, Trin. 2 237 arvense, L. . 58 calycina, Trin. 2 237 Buna Pastoris, Pursh, 69 Trichodine laxijiora, Mx. 2 240 cochleariforme, DC. . 58 Trichodium decutnbens, Mx. 2 240 montanuin, L. 58 scabrum, Muhl. 2 240 prcecox, VVulf. 58 Trichophorum alpinum, Pursh, 2 230 Thuja, £. . . . 2 165 cyperinum, Pcrs. 2 230 excdta. Bong. 2 165 H'tdsonianum, Nutt. 2 230 gigantea, Nutt. 2 165 Tbichophyllum, Nutt. 1 315 Memiesii, Dougl. 2 165 integrifolium, Hooh, . 1 316 ocuidentalis, L, 2 165 lanatum, Nutt. 1 315 plicala. Lamb. 2 165 Thichostehma, L. 2 117 ipheeroidalis, Rich. 2 165 dichotomum, L. 2 117 THYMELE.G, JtlSS, 2 138 lanceolatum, Benth. 2 117 TuYSANOCABrus, Hooh. 69 oblongum, Benth, 2 117 curvipcs, Hooh (Tab. XVIII. A.) 1 69 TniKNTALIS, L. 2 121 TiABELLA, L. . 238 arclica, Fisch. 2 121 colorant, Grab. 236 Americana, Pursh, 2 121 cordifolia, L. . 238 Europtca, Cham, 2 121 laciniata, Hooh. (Tab. LXXVI [.) 1 239 Europaa, var. Mx. . 2 121 INDEX. S25 TOI. Hal VOL. rial latifolia, Hook. 2 121 caninuin, Schreb. 2 254 TRiroLiuH, L. , . 130 junceum, L. . a 254 altissimum, Dougl. (Tab. XLVIII.) 130 repens, L. 2 254 arvenget L. 131 Tbollius, £. 23 cyathifeium, Lindl, (Tab .L.)' 133 Americanus, Muhl. 23 fimbriatum, Lindl. . IS-t laxua, Saliab. 23 involucratum, Willd, . , 133 Tboximon, Nutt. 300 megacephalum, Nutt, . 132 aurantlacum, Hook. (T AB. CIV.) 1 300 microcephaluin, Purifi, 132 glaucum, Nutt. • 1 300 officinale, L. . 130 Tdbritis, L. 40 Pennsylvanicum, WiUd. . 131 ? diffusa, flbo*. 41 plumosum, Dougl. (Tab. XLIX.) 130 glabra, L. 40 pratense, £, . 131 Mrsuta, L. 42 repens, £, 132 lavigata, Willd. 43 8pinuloaum, Dougl. 133 mollis. Hook. . 40 tridentatum, Lindl, 133 ovata, Pursh, 42 Willdenovii, Spr. 133 patula, Grah. 40 Triolochin, X. 2 168 retrofacta, Grah. 41 maritimum, L. 2 168 tagittata. Rich. 42 palustre, L. 2 168 Btricta, Grah. 40 Trillium, £. . 2 180 Tussilago conjmbosa, Br 307 cernuum, L, . 2 180 frigida, L. 307 erectum, L. . 2 180 palmata. Ait. 307 erytbrocaipum, Mx. . 2 180 sagittata, Pursh, 307 erythrocarpum, Bot. Mag. 2 180 TypHA, L. 2 170 grandiflonim, Salish. 2 180 latifolia, L. 2 170 Kamtschaticum, Pull. 2 180 Udora, Nutt. 2 193 obovatum, Pursh, 2 180 Canadensis, Nutt. 2 193 ovatuin, Purah, 2 180 verticillata, Spreng. 2 193 pendulum, Willd. 2 180 Ulmacea, Mirb. 2 142 petiolatum, Pursh, (Tab. CXCII.) 2 180 Ulmcb, X. 2 142 pictum, Pursh, 2 180 Americana, L. 2 142 rhomboideum, Mx. 2 180 fulva, Pursh, 2 142 rhomboideum, var. Mx. 2 180 Uhbellifer^c, L. 1 257 Triodia melicoides, Spreng. 2 241 Uncinia breviseta, Torr. 2 208 Trip/iora petidula, Nutt. 3 202 Uniola multijlora, Nutt. 2 254 Tripoliuh, Dod, 2 15 spicata, L. . 2 254 angustum, Lindl. 2 15 siricta, Torr. 2 254 pauciflorum, Nees, 2 15 Urachne brevicaudata, T rin. . 2 236 Tbibetum, Br. 2 243 Canadensis, Torr. 2 236 airoidet, R. et S. 2 243 Urospermum Claytoni, N utt. . 1 271 mollis, Ktb. . 2 243 hirsutum. Big. 1 272 purpuraacetu, Torr. . 2 244 URTicEiE, Just, 2 141 subspicatum, Beauv. . 2 243 Ubtica, L. 2 141 Triteleia, Hook. 2 180 Canadensis L. 2 141 grandiflora, Lindl. (Tab. CXCVIII.) 2 186 capitata, L. ? 2 142 Tbiticum, L. . 2 254 cylindrv , L. 2 142 386 INDEX. ** * ' *0I. ptai VOL VAOI dioica, L, 2 141 tenellum, Punh, 2 32 divaricata, L. 2 Ul uliginoium, L. 2 32 gracili*. Ait. . 3 141 Vitia Ideea, Z. 2 34 procera t Willd. 2 141 Valeriana, Neck. 291 pumila, L. 2 141 capitata, Willd. 292 urent, L. 2 141 pauciflora, Mx. (Tab. CI.) 291 Utriculabia, L. 2 118 •ylvatica. Banks, 291 comuU, Mx. 2 lis VALEBIANEiE, DC. 290 intermedia, Heyne, 2 118 Valerianella congesta, Lindl. 291 Ktacea, Mx. 2 118 parviflora, Dougl. 291 ▼uigaris, L. 2 118 Valisnebia, L. 2 192 UVDLARIA, L, 2 174 Americana, Mx. 2 192 amplexifolia, L. 2 173 spiralis, L. 2 192 grandiBora, Sm. 2 175 Vebatrum, L. . 2 178 lanceolata, Willd. 2 175 album, Mx. 2 178 lanuginosa, Peri. 2 174 Eacholtzii, Gray, 2 178 perfoliata, L. 2 174 Lobelianum, /3. Sch. 2 178 perfoUata, major, Mx. a 175 luteum, L. 2 178 pubemla. Rich. 2 174 parviftorum, Bong. 2 178 ptUierula, Sm. 2 174 viride. Ait. 2 178 rosea, Pers. . 2 173 Verbascum, L. 2 93 sessilifolia, L. 2 175 BlatUria. L. 2 94 Smithii, Hook. (Tab. ( :;lxxxix.) 2 174 Thapsus, L. 2 93 VacciNiEiE, DC. 2 SI V: bbenace^, Juts. 2 117 Vaccinium. L. 2 31 Verbena, L.' . 2 117 anuenum. Ait. 2 31 bracteosa, Mx. 2 117 angustifoUum, Ait. 2 32 hastata, L. 2 117 csspitosum, Mx. (Tab. CXXVI.) 2 33 paniculata, Lindl. 2 117 Canadenge, Rich. 2 32 urtidefolia, L. 2 118 corymbosum, L. 2 31 Vernonia, Schreb. 1 304 dimorphum, Mz. 2 31 Noveboracensii, Willd. 1 304 hitpidulum, Mx. 2 36 preealta, Willd. 1 304 Kgustrinum, L. 2 39 Veronica, L. 2 101 macrocarpum. Ait, 2 34 alpiiia, L, 2 101 membranaceum, Doug! 2 32 Anagallis, L. 2 101 myrtilloidct, Mx. 8 32 Beccabunga, L. 2 101 Myrtillus, L, 2 33 Chamffidrys, L. 2 101 Myrtillua, var. Sm. 2 33 nutans. Bong. 2 101 obtusum, Pursh, 2 34 pcregrina, L. , 2 101 ovalifolium, Sm. (Tab. CXXVII.) 2 32 scutellata, L. . 2 101 ovatum, Pursh, 2 33 serpyllifolla, L. 2 101 Osycoccos, L. 2 34 Steiieri, Pall. 2 101 Oxycoccos, /3. Mx. 2 34 Wormskioldii, R. et S. 2 101 parvifolium, Sm. (Tab. CXXVIII.) 2 33 Visicaria, Lam, 1 48 Pennsylvanicum, Lam. 2 32 arctica, Mich. 1 48 resinosum. Ait. 2 31 arenosa, Rich. 1 48 lalicinom, Cliam. % 32 didymocarpa, Book. (Tab. XVI [.) 1 49 INDEX. 327 ' fOL. rAoi TOl. PAGE globotat Detv. 48 asarifolia, Muhl. . . 1 78 Ludoviciana, DC. 48 bicolor, Pur»h, 1 61 VlBDRNUM, I>. . 279 blanda, Willd. I 76 ■cerifolium, L, 360 Canadensis, L. 1 80 dentatum. L, 280 canina, L. . 1 79 dentatum, var. Mz. 280 eanina, Walt. 1 78 dentalum, fi. Ait. 280 clandestina, Pursh, 1 77 edule, Purah, 281 congener f Le Con. 1 76 ellipticum. Hook. 280 Cttcullata, Ait. 1 75 grandifoUum, Sm. 280 debilis, Pursh, 1 78 Lantana, A. Ait. 280 digitata, Pursh, 1 74 Itntanoides, Mx. S80 eriocarpa, Schwein. . 1 60 Lentago, L. . 279 glareosa, Dougl. 1 79 tnolle, Mx. 281 lanceolata, L, 1 76 nudum, X. 279 Langsdorffii, Fisch. . 1 77 Opulus, var. Mz. 281 Muhlenbergiana, 6ing. 1 78 Opulus, /3. Ait. 281 Muhlenbergiana, Torr. 1 78 Opulus, /3. Mz. 281 Nuttallii. Pursh, (Tab. XXV] .) 1 79 Ozycoccos, Pumh, 281 ochroleuca, Hook. 1 77 prunifolium, L. 279 obliqua. Ait. . 1 75 pubescens, Pursh, 280 ovata, Nutt. . 1 76 PSfrifolium, Poir. 280 palmata, L. 1 74 Sqfinetquianum, R. et S. 280 papilionacea, Pursh, . 1 75 sguamalum, Willd. 280 pedata, L. 1 74 VictA, Toum. . 156 Pennsglvanica, Mz. . 1 80 Americana, Muhl. 157 pinnata. Rich. 1 74 Caroliniana, Walt. 157 preemorsa, Dougl. 1 80 Cracca, L. 157 primulafolia, Pursh, . I 76 gigantea, Book. 157 pubescens. Ait. 1 80 Mtcheiti, Raf. 158 punctata, Schwein. 1 78 pusilla, Muhl. 158 repens, Schwein. 1 78 tativa, L. 157 rostrata, Pursh, 1 70 ViLFA, Seauv, . 2 238 rotundirolia, Mx. 1 77 algida, Trin, . 2 238 sarmeiitosa, Dough 1 80 arundinacea, Trin. 2 238 Selliirl(ii, Gold. 1 75 cuspidata, yorr. 2 237 sororia, Pursh, 1 75 depauperata, Torr. (Tab. striata. Ait. 1 78 CCXXXVI.) 2 257 tenellti, Schwein. 1 81 tnonandra, Trin. 2 238 tricolor, L. 1 81 tenacissimn, U.B.K. . 2 239 uliginosa, Muhl. 1 78 ViLLABSiA, Vent. 2 70 VlOLARIEiE, DC. 1 73 Crista galii, //ooA. 2 70 Virgilia helenioides, L'H^rit. 1 315 pumila, Hook, 2 70 Viscum Orycedri, DC. . 1 278 Viola, VTuurB. . 1 73 ViTis, L. 1 115 adunca, Sm. . 1 79 cordifolia, Mz. 1 115 affinis, Le Con. 1 75 hederarca, Willd. 1 114 asarifolia, Pursh, 1 75 1 LabruHca, L. . 1 115 l«rt 328 INDEX. TOL. MOI quinquefolia. Lam. 114 oblongifolUim, Gold. riparia, Mx. . 115 Solonu, Ait. vulpina, L. . 115 Tatarieum, Mx. Waldsteinia fragarioidei, Tratt. 177 villosum, Mx. Wameria, Mill. 9 Zannichbllia, L. WooDgiA, Br. . 2 259 palustris, L. glabella, Br. (Tab. CCXXXVII.) 2 259 ZlQADENDS, Mx. hyperborca, Br, 2 259 chloranthui, JRich. IlTeniis, Br. 2 259 commulatua, Schult. Perrinniana, H. et O. 2 200 elegans, Pursh, WuLFENiA, Jacg. 2 102 glaberrimut, H. et A. reniformi), Benth. (Tab. CLXI.) 2 102 glaberrimus, Ker, Xanthium, £, . 308 glaucus, Nutt.' Canadense, Spr. 308 ipecioaus, Dougl. maculatum, Raf. 308 Zizania aquatica, L. Xanthoxvlum. Humb. 118 clavulosa, Mx. fraxineum, Wittd. 118 JluUani, Mx. ram\florum, Mx. 118 palustrit, L. tricarpum, Mx. 118 ZiziA, Koch, Xebufhtllvm, Mx. 2 178 aurea, J£bc^, . setifolium, Lindl. 2 178 cordata, Koch, tenax, Purih, 2 178 Ziziphora glabella, R. et Xyloiteum cUiatum, Punb, 1 283 Mariana, R. et S. ciliatum, P. Punb, 1 2R3 pulegioidet, R. et S. vot. M0> 283 283 283 283 170 2 170 2 177 2 177 2 177 2 178 2 177 2 177 2 178 2 177 2 233 2 233 2 233 2 233 1 260 1 260 1 260 2 114 2 114 2 114 TBE END OF VOLUME U. alAHOW :— IDWARD EHULL, rBlNTI* TO THI UNIVIRSIir, Dl'NLOP STRXIlT. .....jmf^''^'-''^*^**^' ^ymr.'V^-ft ■i„t)>amfh>^' itiKiBi**'--'**^"' p:49^^s^fii Ipssso*' r"u ^ ^ ..^ ^ ^mi-rt'' h^/ /- bvjbM %{ 7^ 'W^ Cr J^ r^ B^.,i ¥ w ^ ^ ^ m^TiicaC I^jr.OJiaJiOJ(K4JLI^J^£JiIi or Compiled bf ^.S^ C. WZiXJiTjEJl, ^"^ '*" '"'^■11 ^ / H'! 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