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Atlas Manuals:
Or, A New Sett of
M A P
Of all the Parts of the Earth,
AS WELL
ASIA, AFflllCA znd AUE^I^^ICA
AS ^
EUROPE. .
WHEREIN
By Reforming the Old i^Aps a^dmg to flMp>
Modern Ohjhvatwns. And the Coafts of all Countries are laid down,
""^^wK -^^ ¥!f ^'^'^"'''^ ^l%*5 own Man. Which IS not done m any ocfore extant, ^'
This being the Firft whole Sett of Maps that a|;rees with the Obfervations and Corrections chat have been ma^ by the
ASTUONOMERS and TRAVFI TFPg .r .1.:. >g. The Maps are fairly Engraven on Coffer ; and the Scale is large enough to jhew, not only '^* pp^.^-,^,-.^ hut alfi att confiderable ^p-jyn and the.-^^J^:ponfW^^^ Mofily ferPrmPhy hhr v/a M Mm y.
T^ O N D V A'
Printed for ^ and <V V/ in Pa
and j; ciiUi ^'^ ^^ fautiaiiitch-y^iTd,
in Pater^Nofier^-Roiif f
MDCGIX,
r ■■»!■
u
Advertifement :
Concerning this Sett of
/ ■'
M APS
A N D T H E
CorreHion of Longitude
By Modern Obfetv'^tioa
T He Art of making UA?^ and Sca-Gha^ts, is anlnventioh^f fucli vaCt u(e to Mankind, that perhaps there is nothing for which the World is more endebted to the KVudious Labour| of Ingenious Men. For by the help of them Geography is made plain and eade, the Mariners are dire£bed in fetching us the Commodities of the moft didant Parts.^ and by the he)p of them, we may at home, with Pleafurc, lurvey the feverjil Countries of the World, and be informed of the Situation, Oi» ftance. Provinces, Cities and remarkable Places of every Nation. To do this with Exaftnefs, was an Art ( to be fure ) not eaftly attainM ; it was not one Man, nor one Generation of Men, that could bring it to any reafonable Perfefbion ; and accordingly, tho' it was very Early begun , it is but now in our Days that a Method is found out» whereby Maps may be truly Corre£bed.
Even fo early as ^««.<«/i««if^^ the Difciple and Succeflbr of thaUi^ Geographick Tables, or Maps have had a Being : A plain DemonQrration of the Valueof this Science ; (inceit began with the beginning of Literature. We are told AUxMder carried Callifihenes with him to Bahyhn, Co o^akea MapofhisConquefts;
"and
^
11
Adv€rtifement.
.1
and undoubtedly the Creeks and Rtmsnt had Geographi- cal Tables of all their Countries, tho* none of cm have been prefervM to our Days, except that which (hews their Vn^ ^Icilfulnefs in making them , I mean the Ancient Map of the Roman Empire flill extant, under the Name of the Petitingerian Table.s, from Conr. Peutinger, a Learned Gentleman of Auishurgy to whom we are beholden for the Publication of chem. Thole Tables contain an Itinerary of the whole Empire frpm tVtJi to Edfi, with the diftance bf Towns by Menfuration } but then the Seas, Defarts and Forefts, being not Travel'd through or Meaiut'd, are not fet down in their true Form, the Latitude or Breadth from North to South, being not at all regard- ed. This to befure muft have been the general Fault, before*- Afttonomy was made to afllfl; Geography, which had been faintly attempted by divers, but never effected by any *;efore Ptoltny.
CUudius Ptolemdus a very Learned Aftronomer, who flourifhed at Alexandria under the Keign of Antoninus the Philofopher, making ufe of all preceeding Di^cove^ies^ and jovning the Ob- iervations of HipparcbuSf Timocharis and the Babylonianst with thofe of his own, formed the Syftem of the IJniverfe, flill known by his Name ; and prefcribM the Methods of difcover- ing Longitude and Latitude, by Obfervatlon of the fix'd Stars, and the Courfe of the Planets ; inventing alfo the Meridians and Parallels, the better to direct: the exact placing of Towns on the Map i and himfelf publiih*d a Sett of Maps, which were made u(e of for many Ages. ^
But iince the invention of the Mariners Compafs, and the great increafe of Navigation by the help of it, we have been able to vidt all thofe mofl: diftant Places that Ptolemy had but imperfefl; Accounts of ; have efpeclally difcoverM that he was very much miftaken in his Accounts of Longitude^ and that all Maps hitherto extant are vaftly erroneous in the Situation o^ l^laces Eaftward. The Fault in General was computing the Degrees on the Earth Bifter than would anfwer to thofe in the Heavens, and thereby making Places to f«em farther diftant from thefirfl: Meridian than they really are : Thus France, Italy, Gfeece, Sec were by little and little fo extended, and the Medi- terranean Sea thereby Co much lengthened, that upon exaft Obfervarion it is found, at Scanderoon, no lefs than 13 Degrees were gain'd, and the Voyage thither reprefeoted as too Leagues longer than it is. And the farther we go Eaftward,the greatet is the Error, the Coafts of India being laid ao Degrees too far Eaft, and Ckna zi Degrees beyond its true Situation. This .
fault
w
J
jraphi- ; been ir Un- Map of the tleman ition of Empire iration ; 'ravcl'd •m, the regard- , before- id been *jefore
uriihed >ropher, the Ob- tst with rfe, ftill ifcovcr- d Stars, [eridians owns on :h were
ind the ve been lad but he was hat all ition o^ [ing the in the diftant c, Italy, Medi- n exaft [Degrees eagues greatet Itoo far This £iule
w
Advmifement. iii
fault had like to have proved fatal to Mr. Damfier and his Company : For when they ftood off from the South-Sea to the R»fi'lndtett they found the Voyage 500 Leagues longer then the Maps reprefented it, and themfelves almoft (larv*d by trufting to *em. But as by Aftronomy, Geography was at /irft Corre^d ; fo the Amendment of theft; Errors is ow« ing to the great Improvement now made to that Science, and the exquifite Ingenuity and Induftry of modern Aftronomers ^ who by the aflmance of excellent Trlefcopes and other In- ftniments of modern Invention, have made very considerable Difcoveries in the Heavens, and thereby found Out a way of afcertaining Longitude as well as Latitude at Land, and cor- rcfbing the Maps to a perfect exaftnefs.
This method is by Obfervation of Edipfes ; whofe beginning at Londtn or Pgrit being exafikly calculated, and thereby certainly Predi^ed, and the beginning of the fame Eclipfe being ob« fervM at any diftant Place, tne difference of Time is certainly known, and 1 5 Degrees being allowed to an Hour, the diftance may be fix'd to a few Miles. The Eclipfes of the Sun and Moon only,* were at firft madeufeof to this purpofe; butasthofb occur but feldom^ and are vifiblein fome certain Places only,the Obfervations could not be often made, and therefore this great Work would have been long a doing, if the difcovery of the SsteSitet of Jupiter and their Edipfes had not afforded a new, and very confiderable help to it ; for thefe being four in num- ber that make a continual Circuit round that Planet, there hap- pens almoft every day an Edipfe of one or other of them.
The SateBitet of Jupiter were difcoverM ^y Galiiep, the E- clipfes of them by Huygens, the Theory of thiem formed by the Academy of Sciences at Parh, and the Eclipfes firft calculated for a whole Year by Mr. FUmfieud, and together With the Me- thod of computing Longitude thereby, communicated in the PhiloftPhical TranfaiHon: of December, 1683. Since which Time an Ephemerik of them is annually calcu^ted, and Obiervarions for corre£Hng Geography, are very commonly r^;ie abroad.. Thus this great U'ork of diicovering Lmgitude, v hich was thought impoflfible, is in a great meafure performed ; the Longi- tude any where on Land ^ being certainly taken-, and thereby the Coafts and*Situation of Towns exaaly laid down , and perhaps in Time the Art may be fo improved as to be pra£^ica- ble at Sea too. At leaft if Ships were fent out to make thcic Obfervations, at all the Capes and Head-Lands round the Globe, the Seamen would be able to Corrcft their Reckonings very often in long Voyages.
This
iv . Acherttfement,
This being jpremired, viz That there is a wav of afcertain^ ing the Situation of places Esft and JVefi^ as well as Notth and Swthf and that many Obfervations have been made in diftant parts of the Earth, whereby the Coafts and chief Towns have iwen brought to their rijB;ht Situation in the Map, and thofe l)eing known; fmaller Towns, and other Places dependent correfted by *em : To evince that S»nfmt, and all the Maps Ibrmerly PublifliM were exceedingly Erroneous, and that the Sitt »f Maps tont»ined in this Book Mre Correff, We ihall let down a few of thofe many Obfervations that have been made, and fubjoyn a Table ot the Difierences between thofe Obfervations and the common Maps, viz.
Pan's by Obfervation is found to be a Degrees ay Minutes tsji from Lorleltn. Breji 4 D. ly M. Weft from Lou J. Madrid 3 D. 37 M. If^tft from Lond. Rome i} D. Eaft from Lond. Copenhagen IiD. n ^^ Dantztck 19 D. Mofcovf 38 D. 45: M. ^/#j>^*38rD. 45 M [Philof. TranfaSf. June i6i-i. Feb. t6gi.] At the Cape of Good Hope P. Tacherd made an Obfervat. by the Sa- tiUites. June KSSy, and found it to be 14 D. 30 M. Eaft from Paris. [Voyage de Syant.] Aden in Jrabia near the Mouth of the Red'Sea, by Obfervation is found to be 47 D. 30 M. Eaft from Lond. Cape Comorin by Obfervation is found to be 7<J D. Mfft from Lond.^ Bombay on the Weftern Coaft of India, is found to ^ be 7 a D. 30 M. Eaft from London. Fort St. George 80 D(g. from London. [PhilofTranfaSi. "June 1^83. & Obfervat, JPhyf. & Math : Envoy es At Acad, de Pan's.] An Eclipfe of the JMoon being by Mr. HaSey^s Dire£l:ion obferv'd at Baflafore m the Bzy of Bengali, by Mr. Benja. Harry, and the fame Eclipfe . obferv'd at London by Mr. Hallcy, at Dantzick by Mr. Hevelius, and at Avignon by Mr. Gallct the Meridional Di fiance between that Place and London, was found to be 87 D. [PhUof Tranf. Feb. i6Si.] P. CamiUe and P. Beza, by Obfervation of the Satellites:, Sept. ap. 1689. at Malacca found that Place to be $<} D. 4S M. Eaft from Paris. The Weft Point of Java is obferv'd to be 140 D. ^<»/?from Lo7td. Syaniby Obfervation ofanEcliple of the Moon by P. Tackard 98 D. 30 M. Eaft from Paris. Kimpo ontbe Eaflern Coaft ofcAmi*, Obfervation by P. Noel. 117 D. k9M. Eaft from JParis. [obfer. Phyf& Math] The Weftern Coaft of America was ftrecht out too far, as Mr. Halleys Obfcr- vatioos in his late Voyage make appear, Cape AUguftin on the Co:t(^hf Bra/il, being 35 D. Wefl from Loud, notwithftanding t'-.e p,r/W Maps lay it down in a j. And CajLc Frio on the fame Goad (under the Tropick), is 4a D. 30 M. fVeft from London.
'Twould
AdfvertiJtmtHU f
'Twould be tedious to enumente all the Obfervations that hive been made { thele we have mentionM are at fuch diftanc Parts, that almoft all our Maps may be examined by *em, and ihall trouble the Readei «rith only theie two more, viz.
Frunet in the former Maps of it had been extended fevera! Degrees on every fide, fo that the Kingdom was made to ieem exceedingly larger than it is, but this has been corre6led by many Years labour of the Academy of Sciences at P<in#, and a New Majp correftly made, according to their Oblervations, was publiih*d at Pgrit, from which this in our CoUeflion ia copied.
Mufcrvy on the other hand, had been contrafled in its South- ern Fart near 150 Milei; for the Pulus MMtit was made to rife up to the 52 Deg, of Latitude, and the City ofAufht is plac'd in r I Deg. N. Lat. bv Sunfon and the Diaeb Maps. But (ince the ConqUeft of that Place, the Ctar has caufed an aClual Sur- vey to be made of the Country South from Aiofctw, and of the Courfe of the River Don, whereby it appears that jtzofh lies in 47 D. and that the Courfe of that River is very much dif- ferent from what was formerly reprefented, as may be feen in comparing the old Maps with that in this Book, which is Co- pied from that Survey.
Abundante of other grofs Errors in former Maps, correiled in this Sett, might be mention*d, (uch as the HeMi cjf the River tJile )aid down it Deg. that is, 900 Miles more South than ic really is, the CsJfian'Sts, being made of Oval Form from EsB to ft^tltt whereas in Truth *tis almoft an oblong Souare frora North to South; and many more, which to avoid tiring tho Reader, we omit, and leave it to his own Obfervation to difcover.
But to apply thele Obfervations to our Maps, it muil be remembred that the Degrees of Longitude in them are com- puted from the firft Meridian* which was iix*d at Tenerijfif be* fort the Fireneb remov*d it to the Ifland Fnrr§ a D. 30 M. more JVeft; but the Obfervations we here let down being deduced from London, which is 17 D. 30 M. £4^ from Tenmfft, or 39 from Ferro, an Addition muft be made of ib many Degrees in places Eaft ward, or Subtraction proportionate for places Weft- ward ; and then the true Longitude of thefe Places as they ought to ftand in the Maps will appear thus,
ViZ.
Tiuf
^f
Jr-r
Of
... -s, .no?
True L o N G 1 T u
tonf fude frbm iMd^n by Ob- fervation.
D. M.
|
"X3 U»^ |
||
|
4.lM«r. ., |
IPariJ. |
. I. a J. Baft. |
|
Madrid. |
3. 37. Weft |
|
|
„ > 'J u*a> '.:••■ |
Rome. |
ij. — E. |
|
Copenhagen. |
12. 53. E. |
|
|
.Dantztck. |
J9. — E. |
|
|
> j.-'v |
Conftantinople. |
3?. 30. E. |
|
• |
Mofcow. |
38. 4?. E. |
|
,. .*'\ - |
Aleppo. |
3«. 4J. E. |
|
Cane Good Hope. Aden. |
itf. 5f. E. |
|
|
«■ 1'. '• |
47. 30. E. |
|
|
.*■'' ( |
Bombay. Cape Cdmorin. |
72. 30. E. |
|
■< y |
75.- |
|
|
■ ' |
Fort S^. George. |
80. — |
|
t. ■ |
Ballafore. |
»7. - |
|
■- ■ .. , ..-. |
'IMaUtca. |
101. 10. |
|
Syam. Weft Point of Jwii. |
100. sy, |
|
|
f |
104.— |
|
|
h^:. |
Kinipo inChiM. |
lao. 93. |
|
"* ' |
Pekim. |
117. 4?. |
|
J* |
Cipe AiJgniHnin Br/tp. |
"••^ JX- |
|
Ca^jc Frio. |
49. 30. W. |
fWw Tenerif.
D.
19.
M.
39. 30. 36.
49- 5(f.
5<5.
34- tfj.
93-
97- 104.
J I J.
fi8. 121.
137.
ns-
341. 334*
M.
n
30.
23.
30.
«y. 25.
30. 30. 30. 40.
ay.
30.
53.
>y.
30.
30.
^m Ft
D.
22. 16.
3J. 32. 39- 51.
58.
58. 3<J. <S7.
92. 9^.
00. 07. 23. 20. 24. 40.
37-
♦r-
37'
2 4
By this Table may be (ecn the diffirrence between t^e ) v Obferv
and the Old Maps, ^nd thereby it appears, that Jiuii§ n laid almo
is, and Cibifitf no lefs than. 500, Leagues too far to the ft. "
thei'e lb greit, as to lay that City 135 Miles too ftr off, *' in Old Map feems at leai^ 49 Miles more than it is.
agree with che Obfervations, and confequently whether j ..« „«j
Maps. Biitit is liecelTary to Adyertiie, that the four G iral Map:
£ngrareq accordiiig to the Old, that foby comparing particul miy the ^better appear.
ff. Nay,
the difta
thefe 1
y are no
\xt Longitude.
iWw Tenerif.
D. 19.
n-
3»- 30.
36.
49- 5<f. 55. 34-
pp.
93-
97-
104.
lip.
118. III. 137-
ns-
341- 334»
M. 55-
n
30.
13-
30.
»y
25-
30. 30. 30.
40.
ay.
30.
53.
»y-
30.
30.
frtm Ftrro.
D. M.
1:.
16.
33- 3»' 39- 5». j8.
J8. 3<5. <J7. 92. 9^. 00. 07. 23. I20.
I40.
37.
137-
:c between t|ie irsy that Jndi§y too far tothej lies too &r off) ^re than it is. mently whether that t|ie four " >y cbmparing
2J.
a3.
53
30. 45- 45- 55-
30.
.30.
5. 55.
23. 45.
Crronioufly Placed in the com* mon Maps.
D.
U.
'I' 30.
3a'
4a'
<I5.
7a. 38.
93. 112.
116. 1x9. 113. 140.
'33. 140.
16%.
i5i.
348.
343-
|
m. |
Dutch |
Maps. |
|
M. |
D. |
M. |
|
30. |
SI. |
^ |
|
30. |
>3. |
4 |
|
—, |
34. |
ao. |
|
30. |
34- |
30. |
|
— " |
39- |
40. |
|
17- |
— |
|
|
— |
59- |
— |
|
—• |
6g. |
— |
|
^- |
4«- |
«. |
|
— |
91. |
— |
|
"— |
113. |
— • |
|
— |
116. |
— f |
|
"^ |
119. |
— |
|
— • |
laj. |
— |
|
30. |
142. |
30, |
|
30. |
14a. |
— |
|
— |
141. |
30. |
|
'•— |
168. |
— • |
|
160. |
— |
|
|
— ' |
347. |
— |
|
"~. |
343. |
— |
Obfervations, which are according to the Truth, Jaid almoft 400 Leagues further off, than it really W. Nay, to go no tarther than Atmr, the fault is [the diftance between GmoM and Rnmtt meafurM on
thefe Tables will alfo be feen how thefe Mans ly are not rather to be coniiilted than the Old p] Maps o(Eitrop9» M»i Jfi'ics and jtmtries^ttt
particutor Maps with them, the Ifm CmiBim
\
A TABLE <?f/foMAPS comund
in this Volume^,
I npHe WORLD.
X 2 EUROPE.
3 England.
4 Scotland.
5 Ireland.
6 France.
7 Flanders unA the tther Pro-
njinits «/ the Spaniih Netherlands. % Holland tmi the other Pro- vinces of the Vnittd Ne- therlands.
9 Germany. .
10 SwifTerland.
J I Savoy snd Piedmontk J 2 Italy.
13 Spain «»// Portugal.
14 Scandinavia in general with
Ifeland.
15 Denmark. 36 Sweeden. J 7 Poland.
18 Mufcovy or the Ruflian
Empire-
19 Hungary.
ao Greece and the other Coun- trier Suhjelf to the Turks in Europe.
II A S I A /n General. J\ 22 Turkey in Afia
with Arabia. 33 Aria-Minor,Syria,Chaldea, Mefopotamia, Armenia , Georgia, the Black Sea and Crim-Tartary.
24 The Holy Land or Judsa,
divided into the Territories of the Twelve Tribes.
25 Pcrfia.
.a6 Grand Tartary.
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43 Chiii, Magellanica, the Streights and Terra deJ Fuogo.
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