^> IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) / O V/ / Z 1.0 l\ IriM IIM 1^0 mil 2.0 1.8 11-25 i 1.4 i 1.6 R' Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 % L^ <9 R' CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian institute for Historical IVIicroreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. 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Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que cortaines pages blanches ajoutdes lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 filmdes. L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'ii lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peisignifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est filmd d partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. errata I to 9 pelure, on d n 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 I I Q. -^ SERIES 11 WYSIDE OFLATE MAYJVNEJVLY AND- EARLY AVO VST With life size pen and INK STVDIES FROM NATVKE BY ■ ':_::<: F.5CHVYLERMATHEW5 >* ■■. *- *- " TABER-PRANGARTCo BOSTON & SPRING Fl ELD, MASS. />■ •CCONT COPY. iinfiJii- iWiiniii»iVif/iifiSMr^arftMii»f>iw^ -*-f- AYSIDE Flowers *£.■ SERIES n. BEING A DESCRIPTION OF AMERICAN WILD FLOWERS THAT BLOOM IN LATE MAY, JUNE, JULY AND EARLY AUGUST jfijkjfij/kjuj^^^j^j^J^J^ BY f! SCHUYLER MATHEWS ^ ^ ^ ILLUSTRATED WITH PEN AND INK DRAWINGS FROM NATURE BY THE AUTHOR ^ ^jft^^.*».i»^^^^ TABER-PRANGARTCO B05T0N & SPRINGFI ELD. MASS. St,i««*«Wii*»»>*Si*«»S>'*»*''v!^ :> 38765 Copyright 1898 BrTABfR-PRANo Art Co Boston.. U5 a i ■li lnAMMlMiiAHIiifc , , ■ Ml-2- I iriiaVfiVirf ivi li ■j'ijii ""■ i %'\ wir (> a viii lifirwifr f ' ' rififi'innia^ --ijiiiiii ■ nri i ni ^i m liniit mniitn i ii - 1 ■'» ■ -. iM<-iirif iV r^ WAYSIDE FLOWERS. PREFACE, SERIKS II. ■•*T, ^HK flowers of spring and early summer are characterized by a daintiness which does not appear among those which bloom later on. The big weeds of midsummer are in striking contrast with their delicate predecessors. Bluets, blue-eyed grass, and columbine are not much like milkweed, white snake-root, and wild sunflower; but taking either the one group or the other it must be admitted that nature never loses sight of the principle of beauty. There is not a weed so coarse but that the magnify- ing glass reveals some hidden refinement which the unaided eye was too dull to perceive, and the pyrola will be found quite equal to the milkweed in aesthetic beauty. One of our most delicate wild flowers is the green Orchis; one of the most striking ones is the moc, sin flower ; but yet both of these possess rather broad and coarse leaves. Two of our daintiest flowers are the Fogonia and Calopo^on which are often found together on the Iwrders of the marsh. Meadowsweet is a revelation under the glass — a perfect miniature apple-tree in full bloom. Dogbane is scarcely less refined than lily-of-the-valley, and loosestrife is a frail golden star set in the emerald green of the mea- dow. The fringed Orchises are as charming as infinite detail could well make them, and the Indian pipe outdoes all of its comrades in a refinement of color which can only be likened to that of the pearl. Even the field lilies, large though they may be, lack nothing in grace of form and coloring. Indeed, to summarize the characters of these early flowers we might consider them the siik-and-velvet- robed pages which announce the coming of mid- summer. F. Schuyler Mathews. i (1) Series 2. Blue-eyed Grass. Sisyrinthium angustifblium Bluets, Quaker Ladies. Housibnia ctrrulta. MMiMMMMMtMMMMHMIMW^Wi MaiiMMIMtMMM Bluets, Quaker Ladies. Hous/hnia ctrritlea. Blue-eyed Grass. Siiyrinchium anf^ustifhlium. Family . . IRIDACE^,, Iris. Color , . . Violet-blue, lighter or deeper, rarely white, spot ai yellow in center. Bloomii . . June, early August. Environment, Moist meadows, in the grass. Height . . 5 ins. to i ft., commonly 8 ins. Habitat . . Common. Character : Like flowering blue-grass. Bluets, Quaker Ladies. Housthnia cirriilea. Family . . RUBIACEAl, Madder. Color . . . Pale graduated lilac, often white, spot of yellow in center. Bloom* . . Late May-June, often July. Environment, Roadsides, fields, moist and grassy places. Height . . 3 ins. to 5 ins. Habitat . . New England to Ga., west to Mich. and Ala. Character ; Flowers in appearance clustered ; foliage meagre. (3) Series 2. Lonc-leaved Stitchwort. StfUAria laitgi/hlia. ^^v itchwort. ifbtia. Columbine. Aquiligia Canadinsit. Family . . RANUNCULACEyE, Crcwfoot. Color . . . Scarlet and yellow. Blooms . . May-June, sometimes early July. Environment, Rocky pastures, and hillsides. Height . . 10 ins. to 1 8 ins. Habitat . . Common. Character : Light and fragile. Lone-leaved Stitchwort. Stelliria longi/hlia. F«niiy . . CARYOPHYLLACEiE, Pink. C<*iT . . White, green sepals. Blooms . June-July. Environment, Grassy or moist places, shady, grassy roadsides. Heisht . . 8 ins. to t8 ins. Habitat . . Common northward. Character : Erect stem, weak, with rough angles; starry flowers. '■5i nflsMWiiimwwtfiwiittl Series 2. Moccasin-flower, Lady's Slipper. Cypripidium acaitU. Family . . ORCHIDACEiE, Orchis. Color . . . Pale crimson-pink, veined in deep pink, greenish leaflets. Blooms . . Late May, early June. ■ Environment, Dry or moist woods. Height . . 8 ins. to I ft. Habiut . . Me. to N. C, west to northern Ind., Mich, and Minn. Character: A smooth, bare scape (flower-stem) bearing one flower. Shin Leaf. Pyrola elliptica. Family . . ERICACE/E, Heath. Color . . . Greenish white. Blooms . . June, early July. Environment, Rich woods. Height . . 4 ins- ^o 9 '"*• Habitat . . Me.toMd., Iowa, Minn., and north- ward. Character: Leaves dull green, upright; flowers nodding. r?) -. ]i % i mSmim Series 2. Si I . Ragged Fringed Orchis. Habeniria lictra. Qreenish-White Orchis. Habenhria trideniita. Family . . ORCHIDACEvE, Orchis. Color . . . Whitish, or greenish white. Blooms . . June, July, sometimes in August. Environment, Wet woods. Height . . 6 ins. to 12 ins. high. Habitat . . Me. to Minn, and Ind., and south in the mountains to N. C. Character : A very much curved spur, sweep- ing sideways or upward. Smaller Qreen Orchis. Habenaria Hoikeri. Family . . ORCH I DACE.*:, Orchis. Color . . . Green, yellowish, lighter spur, two spots of ochre under ,the hood. Blooms . . June. Environment, Swainps and damp woods. Height . . 6 ins. to I ft. Habitat . . Me. and N. J., west to Minn, and Iowa. Character : Leaves fiat on ground, 3 ins. to 4 ins. broad. Sometimes the two leaves do not lie on the ground, but are considerably above it, as in the drawing. iKCed Fringed Orchis. Habeniria liitra. Ragged Fringed Orchis. Habeniria Idcera. Family . . ORCHIDACE.*;, Orchis. Color . . . White, unsubstantial. Blooms . . July. Environment, BogS, moist thickets. Height . . 10 ins. to 2 ft. Habiut . . Me. to N. C. and Ga., west to Minn, and Mo., common. Character : Ragged, variable in height, many- flowered. (9) iHiiiiii Series 2. ■■'I *k lii •N^SSi Calopogon, IJ Bearded Orchis. Ca/i>fhgon pulchelliis P Smaller Purple Fringed Orchis. Uabtniria psycbdti. ■ • Snake's Mouth. Pof^nia ofhioglossoUes. Calopogon, Bearded Orchis. Calophgon ptilchellus. Family . . ORCH I DACE /T:, Orchis. Color . . . Delicate magenta, lip tinted with white, yellow, and purple hairs. June -July. Bogs, wet woodland borders. 9 ins. to I ft. Me. to Fla., west to Minn, and Mo. : Stem bearing several good-sized flowers; often in company with Pogbnia ophioglossoides. Blooms . . Environment, Height . . Habitat . . Character Smaller Purple Fringed Orchis. Habenhria psychifes. Family . . ORCHlDACEiiL, Orchis. Color . . . Paler or deeper magcnta-pink. Blooms . . July, early August. Knvironment, Wet meadows, beside streams, bogs. HeiKht . . 5 ins. to 12 ins. Habitat . . Me. to N. J. and N. C, west to Mich. Character : Densely flowered ; the flower's fan- shaped lip deeply fringed. The spike of blossoms is often much thicker than the drawing shows. H. fimbriata has larger and fewer flowers. Snake's Mouth. Poghnia ophioglosso)iies. Family . . ORCHIDACE/E, Orchis. Color . . . Pink-crimson tone, rarely white. Blooms . . June-July. Environment, Bogs, wet woodland borders. Height . . 6 ins. to 9 ins. Habitat . . Me. to Fla., west to northern Ind. and Minn. Character : A single oval or lance-shaped leaf near the middle of stem, and a small one near the flower. Ill) Snake's Mouth. PiDf^Hia ofhioglossoliies. liBlMirrttl I Series 2. Four-leaved Loosestrife Lysimdchia ijuatiri/h/ia. y^- ..*-^' Loosest chill strictii. Four-leaved Loosestrife. Lysimdchia tjuadrifhlia. Family . . PRIMULACE.^, Primrose. Color . . . Moderate yellow, with five dull orange spot!!. Blooms . . June -July. Environment, Low, sandy or damp grounds. Height . . I ft. to 2 ft. habitat . . Me. to Minn, and Ga. Character : Light green, slightly hairy stem ; leaves in fours, often in twos and threes. Common Loosestrife. LysimtUhia stticta. Family . . PRIMULACEiE, Primrose. Color . . . Yellow, moderate, with five dull orange spots. Blooms . . June, early August. Environment, Low, sandy or damp grounds. Height . . 10 ins. to 2 ft. Habitnt . . Me. to Minn., Ark. and northern Ga. Character : Light green, smooth stem, branch- ing habit. Cl3^ HUWi I.) I '^C Series 2. Indian ToImcco. LoMia infl&ta. m JM iMMiiiiiiimOiiiiii niW' ! i. :! jL-,,J0C3SStii.!Jt ^ S%« Indian Tobacco. LoMia infiita. Spreading Dogbane. \p6cynum androsirmifhiium. APOCYNACE/*-, Dogbane. White, pink tipped. June -July. Borders of thickets, shaded fields. 2 ft. to 4 ft. Common. Character: Lily-of-Valleylike flowers, milky, sticky juice, very dark ruddy stems. , Family • • Color . • • Hloon^s . . Environment, Height IUI>itat . Indian Tobacco. Lobelia inftata. LOBELIACEi*:, Lobelia. Pale violet. June-September. Fields, river-banks, and shady road- sides. 8 ins. to 2 ft. uu». . . Common. Character : Plant poisonous to taste, promment inflated seed-pods. Family ' • • Color . . • Blooms . ' Environment, Height Habitat iyS) itUHIIilKiliMiiiiirf- Series 2. m tl MMBOa 9vn*" 1 ^; 111' %?'" A/ Purple Flowering-Raspberry. /ii//>t/.f odorAtus. Kamily . . ROSACEvt:, Rose. Color . . . Pink-crimson to magenta. Blooms . . June -July, sometimes early August. Knvironment, Hedges and roadsides. Height . . 3 ft. to 4 ft. Habitat . . Me. to N. J. and Ga.,wcst to Mich. Character : Shrubby, and hairy or bristly. (17) '■iltillriT''Y""'*''"''""'"'" '""'"""•'"•""" Series 2. m^', M % Meadowsweet. fSfl Spiti'ea salui/fl/ii]. Hardback, Steeple-bu«h. Spiii'ra tomenlhia. -wm iardhack, Steeple-buah Sfiiiira lomenlhm. Family Color Hlocim* Meadowsweet. Spinea talicifbUa. ROSACKvl':, Rose. Palest flesh-pink, sometime* white. Hlcm. . . June, early August Environment. Wet (.r low grounds, meadow copses. Ileik-ht . . 2 ft. to 3 ft. „.Lt . . Me. to mts. of (Ja., west to Mum. and Mo., also far northwest. Character ; Dull-pointed flower-panicle •, smooth brown stem. Hardback. Steeple-bush. Spitita ti'mfiitona. . ROSACE/l-:, Rose. Deep flesh-pink, rarely white. July, early August, sometimes later northward. Environment. Low grounds, pastures, copses, and roadsides. Height . . 18 ins. to 3 ft. HalL . . Me. to mts. of Ga., west to Mmn. and Kan. Character : Sharp or steeple-like flower-panicle j wooly stems. U;ider side of leaf very light colored. Family ( 'olor . Blooms f19) -idiilL-.j;— ivlj Series 2. I.I •f" t' I i! f r; Sid tr t; Thimble-weed. Anernhne yirgtniina. i.'ismmmiusmyiimmnmm rhimble-weed. temhn'e yirginiina. Family . . Color . . Blooms Environment, Height . Habitat . 5howy Lady** Slipper. Cypripfdium sprctabiU. ORCHIDACE/E, Orchis. White stained with velvety crimson; greenish leaflets. July- Peat bogs. 15 ins. to a ft. Me. and western New England, to Minn, and Mo., south in the mis. to N. C. Character: Stem bearing leaves to the top. The most beautiful of the genus. Thimble-weed. Anembne VirginiAna. Family . . RANUNCULACEiE, Crowfoot. Color . . . Sepals, greenish, in one variety white. Blooms . . June, early August. Environment, Woods and meadows, shady road- sides. Height . . 2 ft. to 3 ft. Habitat . . Common northward. Character : Flower is succeeded by a thimble- like seed-head ; wooly leaves. (21) i_^'; Series 2. 1 1 , I n I "'•1 ill' P if 'it 4i;t a. Canada Meadow Lily. Lilium Canadinst. F,„,y . . LILIACE^, Lily. Color . . . Light yellow of an orange tone, spotted with terra cotta. Bloom. . . June-July. Environment. Grassy and shady places, meadows, roadsides, moist ground. Height . . 2 ft. to 7 ft. Habitot . . Me. to Ga., west to Mmn. and Mo. Character : Tall, hanging bells, variable color. (23) Series 2. & m\ Mi nii «.J9BMl r Id Red Lily. iilpkicum. IPJtWilillWTiriiiiOTIir- Family . . Color . . . Blooms . . Environment, Indian Pipe. Mondtropa uniflhra, ERICACEAE, Heath. The whole plant white, waxy, often pink-tinged. June-July, frequently in early Au- gust. Dark and rich woods, by decaying stumps. Height . . 3 ins. to 8 ins. Habitat . . Common throughout the continent. Character : Low and fleshy herbs, turning black in fading, parasitic on roots, or growing in decayed leaves and wood. Wood Lily, Wild Red Lily. Lllium Philadilphicum. Family . . LILIACEiE, Lily. Color . . . Orange-scarlet, lighter or deeper, spotted brown. Blooms . . June-July. Environment, Dry or sandy ground, in woodlands and open spaces. Height . . i6 ins. to 3 ft. Habitat . . Me. to N. C, west to Minn, and Mo. ; a low variety less spotted at Nantucket, Mass. Character : The cup of the flower points up- ward. I to 3 flowers on a stalk. (25 ■ SYSTEMATICAL INDEX. ScriM. Pp. RANUNCULACE^e. Crowfoot. Herbs wilh numerou* iUmrnt, and usually more than one pistil, all the parU of the flower difrtnct, and inserted on the recepta>.lr. Calyx often colored like a c/jrolla, when the latter is wanting. Thiml)le-weed, AmMioiit yir- gtniatia 11-21 Wood Anemone, Wind-flower. Antmoiit (luinquifiilia. Am- mom iitmnrosa • '-'3 Liverwort, Hcpatica, Hepaticn Irilohn 1-3 Rue Anemone, Antmonella thalidivtdes '-'3 Marsh Marigold, Catiha palintrh I- 5 (loldthread, Coptis Irifolia . . 1- 7 Columliine./lyui/'AW Canadensis II- 5 I'Al'AVKKACE-*;, Poppy. Herbf. with --epilar flowers, calyx mos'.ly of two sep.ils which fall wlien the blossom oi)ens, petals twice or 3-5 limes a.s many, numerous free siamens. Juice usually milky or colored and narcotic. r.loodrool, SaH/;ui»aria Cana- densis 1-7 FUMAUIACi:*:, Fumitory. Delicate and smooth herbs. Sepals 3, scalclikf ; 4 larger irregular and closed petals, the two outer wilh sprciding tips, and i or both spurred or saccate at base, the 1 inner and smaller united by iheir tips, which inclose the anthers of the 6 stamens in 2 sets along wilh the stigma. Compound leaves. Dutchman's Ureeches, Dicentra Ctuullaiia '-5 CAKYOPHYLLACE/F, Pink. Herbs wilh regular flowers with not over I o stamens, 2-5 styles or sessile stigmas, mostly separate to the base. Calyx persistent. Petals sometimes minute or wanting. Opposite en- tire leaves. Long-leaved Stitchwort, Stella- ria longifolia "-5 HYPERICACE/E, St. John's-wort. Perfect flowers wilh many or few stamens (usually in 3 or 5 clusters) inserted on the receptacle. Leaves opposite, entire, simple. Upright-leaved St. John's-wort, Hypericum adpressum . . IV- 7 Common St. John's-wort, Hy- pericum perforatum . ■ ■ IV- 7 GERANIACE^, Geranium. Herbs with regular flowers on the plan of 5, stamens 10, herbage scented. Leaves simple, variously lobed or even dissected. (In Oxalis leaves compound, of 3 obcordate leaflets, and flowers usually open only in sunshine.) Wild Geranium, Crancsbill, Ci milium maculatum . ■ . I-25 Herb Robert, Ctramum Rober- tianum 'V- 9 SariM. Pp. Wood Sorrel, Ojw/u /4«/<»«/A» I-" Yellow Wood-Sorrel, Oxalis corniculata \xi . stricta l-'5 Jewelwecd, Touch-me-not, Im- patiens pallida III-19 POLYGALACE.C, Milkwort. Herbs with very irregular flowers. Calyx persistent of 5 sepals; 3 of them small, vii.: 2 on the lower, and 1 on the upper side of the blos- som, and I on each side called wings, which are larger, colored and would be taken for petals. Within these on the lower side, are 3 petals united into i body, the middle one keel-shaped and cften bearing a crest. Stamens 6 or 8 concealed in ihe hooded middle petal. Leaves simple, entire, .alternate or whorled. Fringed I'olygala, Flowering Winlergrecn. I'olygala pauci- folta '-'9 Milkwort, I'olygala polygama . III-i 1 Milkwort, I'olygala cruciata ■ IV- ; LEGUMINOS.*:, Pulse. Flowers (always on the plan of 5, and stamens not exceeding 10) truly papilionaceous, i.e. bulterflylike or hav...^ a standard, keel and wings. Sep.ds united more or less into a tube or cup. Uaves compound and alternate. Wild Indigo, Baplisia tinctoria IV-3 KOSACE.t, Rose. Plants wilh regular flowers, numer- ous (rarely few) distinct siamens in- serted on the calyx, and i or many pistils, which are quite distinct. Calyx of 5 or rarely 3, 4 or 8 sepals, united at the b.asc. Petals as many I as the sepals, and inserted wilh the I stamens on the edge of a disk that lines the calyx tube. Leaves alter- nate and stipulate. Meadow.sweet, Spiraa salicifolia II-19 Hardback, Steeple-bush. Spircea tomentosa II-19 Purple Flowering-Raspberry, Kubiis odoralus . . . . II-17 Wild Swamp Rose, Kosa Caro- lina , • • 111- 7 SAXIFRAGACE/E, Saxifrage. Flowers mostly perfect with as many or twice as many stamens, and fewer styles or stigmas than there are petals or sepals. Stamens and pet- als generally borne on the calyx. Foamflower, False Mitrewort, Tiarella cordi/olia . ■ ■ 1-17 DROSERACE-€, Sundew. Bog herbs, with regular five-pelaled flowers, and bristly fringed leaves in a tuft at the root. Insectivorous plants. Long-leaved Sundew, Prosera intermedia var. Americana . III-25 MELASTOMACE.C, Melastoma. Plants with opposite simple 3-7 ribbed leaves, no stipules, as many Sirin. Pp. or twice ai many stamens ai> peUls, both inserted in the throat of the calyx, anthers of peculiar shape opening by a small hole at the apex. Meadow Beauty, Deergrass, Rhexia Virginica . . ■ . III-19 ONAGRACE^ Evening Primrose. Herbs or shrubs with showy perfect and symmetrical flowers in fours (rarely in two to sixes) throughout. The calyx tube bearing the petals, and as many or twice as many stamens. Styles always united into one. Fireweed, Epilobiuin angustifo- Hum 111-15 Hairy Willow-herb, Epilobium kirsutum III-15 Evening Primrose, (Knothera bunnis IV- 7 UMBELLIFER/F., Parsley. Herbs with small flowci-s in com- pound umbels calyx with 5 minute teeth or none. 5 petals, 5 siamens and 2 styles. Stems usually hollow. Leaves alternate, more commonly compound. Wild Parsnip, /Hiia aurca ■ ■ 1-2 5 CAPRIFOLIACE/E, Honeysuckle. Shrubs, or rarely herbs ; siamens as many ,as the lobes of the corolla and borne on its tube. Leaves opposite without stipules. Twin Flower, Ijnniri, barealis I-13 RUBIACE.*;, Madder. Shrubs or rarely herbs, stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and borne on its lube. Entire opposite leaves with stipules between them, or else (as in Gal' im) the leaves whorled without stipules. Bluets, Quaker Ladies, Hmisto- nid carulea "-3 Bedsiraw, Galium asprellum . III-l i COMPOSITE., Composite. The largest family of flowering plants. Corollas either tubular (or funnel- formed and lobed) or strap-shaped, sometimes both kinds in the same head ; when the marginal strap- ihaped corollas form what are called ray flowers, those of the central part of the head are called disk flowers. There are almost always five stamens, and the anthers are united in a com- mon tube through which the style passes. White Snake-root, Eupatorium agtratoiJes III-ii Golden Aster, t"Aryr»/«>/a/M/a III- 7 Lance-leaved Golden-rod, Sol- idago laiueolata .... IV-19 Blue-stemmed Golden-rod, Sol- idago casta . ■ . . IV-21 White G-'iien-i-d, Solidago bicolor ....... >V-I7 Smooth Golden-rod, Solidago serotina IV-13 Gray Golden-rod, 5V)//rf<»^ nem- orals ...... IV-15 (86) 2 ^-m- SYSTEMATICAL INDEX. A»ter, Asltr IV-aj Heart-luved Alter, Ast4r cor- di/olitu ■ ■ Purplc-alemmcd puHictut IV-17 Rough-leaved Alter, Ast4r ra- dultt 'V-aj Willow-leaved Blue Anter, Asltr tfovi-Btk" \^-\l White HeathliWe Alter, Astn irUeidts IV-21 Paoicled White Alter, Attn funicuUUus 1V-I5 Robin's PUrUln, Erigiron M- luUfolius '-'7 Daisy Fleabane, £ri;?«riw> tin- govu "'-'3 Black-eyed Susan, Rudbtckia hirta «"-'9 Wild Sunflower, Htlianlhus gi- ganliut "|-'5 Beggar-ticks, Bidtm frondota . IV-ii Larger Bur-Marigold, BiiUnt chrysanlhimndts . . ■ . IV-ii Fall Dandelion, LumtodoH au- tumHolis 1V-J5 LOr-ELIACE/*;, UbelU. Plants with milky, aaid juice, alter- nate simple leaves, and scattered, racemed or panicled flowers. The corolla irregularly 5 lobed and mostly split down, on the upper side; the 5 stamens united into a tube commonly by their filaments and always by their anthers; style only one. Cardinal Flower, Lobilia cardt- nabs n\-n Xn&aa'VtibafXO.LoMiaift/lala II-15 CAMPANULACEvC, Campanula. Herbs with milky juice, and scat- tered flowers, with regular 5-lobed (blue or white) corolla, and 5 sta- mens borne on the summit of the calyx tube. Style i ; stigmas sev- eral. Sumeni separate. Leaves alternate. Harebell, BluebeU, Campanula retundifoUa •"-$ t:RlCACEi€. Heath. A large family of shrubs, herbs, and small trees. Flowers almoit all regular with as many or twice ai many stamens as there are petals or lobes of the corolU. The heath and heather belong to thU family and are distinguished by needlelike evergreen leaves, and 4-lobed corol- las. Mayflower, Tialling Arbutus. Epigaa rtptns Shin Leaf. Pyrola tUiptUa . ■ Bell Heather, Erua ciHeria Indian Pipe. Mtuetropa uni- flora PLUMBAGINACE/E, Leadwort. Known by the regular flowers with 5-lobed pUlted calyx, 5 stamens opposite as many peula and almost separate from them, and 5 styles. Sea Lavender, Marsh Rosemary, SttUkt Limonimm var. Car»- Untana '"-»3 PRlMULACEiC. Primrose. Herbs with regular perfect flowen, the stameni borne on the corolla and Snle*. Pp. ai many as iu divisions and opposite them ; one style and stigma. Star Flower, TruiUalis Anuri- caita Four-leaved Loosestrife, Lysi- madia guaJrifolia . ■ ■ Common Loosestrife, Lytima- ckia tlriila 1- 9 11-13 11-13 APOCYNACEit. Dogbane. Herbaceous or woody plants, with milky juice, opposite (sometimes whorled) simple and entire leaves, without stipules, and regular flowers. Calyx, corolla, and stamens in fives, but the stigmas and often the styles united into one. Spreading Dogbane, Apocynum androsamifolium .... II-IJ ASCLEPlADACEit. MUkweed. Plants with milky juice opposite (sometimes whorled) simple and entire leaves without stipules, and regular monopetalous flowers with five paru to the calyx, corolla and sUmens. Anthers connected with the stigma. The short filamenU bearing curious appendages behind the anthers forming what is called a crown. Swamp Milkweed, AicUpias in- carnata '"-'3 Common Milkweed, AuUpias Cornuti '•'" 9 CENTIANACEiC. Gentian. Herbs with regular flowers, having stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and alternate with them. Leaves opposite, simple, entire and sessile. CenUury, Erythrsea, Erythraa spUata '"-" Sea Pink, Saibatia sttllaris . IU- 5 Slender Sabbatia. SabMia gra- cilis "'- 5 American CenUury, SaUatta cUaroidts »'" 5 Frinied Genttao, Ctntiana cri- mSa lV-19 Closed GeDtian, Bottle Gentian. Ctntiana Andrtmsii . ■ . lV-19 1-3 11-7 lll-it . II-lS 111-21 SCROPHULARIACEvt, Figwort. Known by the i-lipped or at least more or less irregular monopeUlous corolla, a or 4 sumeos, single style entire or a-lobed stigma. A few have the corolla almost regular, and one or two have 5 sUmens either complete or incomplete. Turtlehead, Citbmt glabra . III-19 Purple Gerardia, Gtrardia pur- pwrta LABIATit. Mint. Herbs with aromatic herbage, square stem^opposite simple leaves, a -lipped corolla, the upper lip divided into a lobes, the lower into 3. a or 4 sta- mens inserted on the corolla tube, a-lobed stigma. Flowers from the axils of the leaves or bracU, in clusters or spikes. Self-Heal, BruntUa vulgaris . lU-i 1 ORCHIDACE^. Orchis. Perennial herbs more or less de- pendent upon insecU for fertiliiation. SnUi Pp The six-parted perianth composed of three outer divisions answering to sepals, and the three inner (which alternate with the outer divisions) answering to peuls; one of these which is larger and diflerent from the oihers is called the lip or label- lum. There are one or two stamens which are connected with the style 1 the pollen is mostly coherent in masses. Calopogon, Bearded Orchis, Cahpogtm puUMIus . . ll-il Snake's Mouth, Pogonia opkio- glossaidts U-" Ladies' Tresses, Spirantkts cir- nua lV-21 Rattlesnake Plantain, Goody tr a pubtsciHs "I- 3 Greenish-White Orchis, Habt- naria Iridtntala . ■ . -11-9 Smaller Green Orchis, Habtna- ria Hooktri U- ? Ragged Fringed Orchis, Habi- nana lactra 11- 9 Smaller Purple-Fringed Orchis, Habtnaria psycodts . ■ . ll-n Showy Udy's Slipper, Cypri- ptdium spfCtabtU . . Il-Ji Moccasin-flower. Lady's Slip- per, 07»rer, Showy . . II-2 l.eoHlodon autumnalis . IV-2 /.ilium Cantidense . 1 1-2. Liltum PhxlndetpHitum II-2 Lily, Canada Meadow . II-2 Lily, Wild Red .... II-2 Lily, Wood II-2 Linnan borealis .... l-I Liverwort I- Lohetia cardinalis , . . Ill- 1 /.ohelta injiata .... II-I Loosestrife, Common . . II-l Loosestrife, Four-leaved . II-l I.yiimni'hia quadrifolia II-I Lysimachia siricta . . . I l-I Afaianlhemum Canadense , I-I Marsh Marigold .... 1- Marsh Rosemary .... III-2. Mayflower 1- Meadow Beauty , . . . III-I Meadowsweet II-19 Milkweed, Common . . . Ill- 9 Milkweed, Swamp . . . Ill-I Milkwort . . . 111-11, and IV- Mitrewort, False .... I-I Moccasm Flower .... II- Monotropa uniflora . . . II-2; Oakesia sessilifolia ... I-i (Enothera biennis . . . IV- Urchis, Bearded : . . . Il-i Orchis, Greenish- White . . 11- 9 Orchis, Ragged Fringed II- 9 Orchis, Smaller Green . . 11- 9 OrchiSjSmaller Purple-Fringed 11- 11 Oxalis acetosella , , , I-21 Oxalis corniculala yu.itrieta l-I 5 Il-ii IV- 5 I-19 1-19 ni-ii 1-19 11-17 II- 7 11-3 IH-3 111-17 1-17 Parsnip, Wild .... Pogouia ophioglossoida . Polygala cruciata . , Polygala, Fringed . . Polygala paucifolia . . Polygala polygama . . Polygonatum bifiorum Purple Flowering- Raspberry Pyrola ellipHea . . Quaker Ladies . . . Rattlesnake I'lantain JtAeifia Vi'tiniea . . Robin's Plantain . , , S Pp. Kosa Carolina . . . . Ill- 7 Rose, Wild Swamp . . . Ill- 7 Kuius odoratut .... II-I 7 Jiudbeciia hiria . . . . Ill- 3 Rue Anemone .... I-13 Sabbalia chloroidei . , . Ill- 5 Sabbatia gracilis . , . . HI- ; Sabbatia, Slender . . . Ill- 5 Sabbalia ilellaris , . . Ill- 5 Sanguinaria Canadensis . I- 7 Sta Ijivender III-23 Sea Pink Ill- 5 Self-Heal lIl-ii Shin Leaf II- 7 Sisyrinchium angustifolium II- 3 Smilacena slellala ... I- 9 Snake-root, White . . . III-21 Snake's Mouth .... II-ll Solidago bicolor . . , . IV-l 7 Selidago casta IV-21 Solidago lanceolala . . . IV-l 9 Solidago nemoralis . . . IV-15 Selidago serotina .... IV-l 3 Solomon's Seal .... I-19 Solomon's Seal, False . , I- 9 Sfirtta salicijolia . . . 1 1- 19 Spiraa lomenlosa . . , . II- 19 Spiranthes cernua . . . IV-31 Star Flower I- 9 Slaliee Limonium var. Caro- lineana III-23 Steeple-bush II-19 Sitllaria longifolia . . . II- 5 Stitchwort, Long-leaved . II- 5 St. John's-wort, Common . IV- 7 St. John's-wort, Upright-lv'd IV- 7 Sundew, Long-leaved . . 111-25 Sunflower, Wild .... 111-25 Thimble-weed .... II-2I Tiarella cordifoHa , , . I-17 Touch-me-not Ill- 19 Trienlalit Amerieana , , I-9 Tri/olium agrarium ■ . . III-23 Trillium trechUH . . . I-ii Trillium erytkrotarpum . I-ii Trillium, Painted . ... I-ii Turtlehead IU-19 Twin Flower I-13 Violet, Dog't-Tooth . . _ I- 7 Wake-Robin ' I-u Willow-herb, Haiiy . . . III-15 Wind-flower I-13 Wood-Sorrel, White . . 1-il Wood-Sorrel Yellow . . I- 15 Zitia aurea . . , . , 1-25 St '28' dtniit Striti Pp. in- 7 III- 7 n-17 III- 3 I-13 IIl-S III- 5 m-5 111- 5 I- 7 111-23 III- 5 iii-i I 11- 7 itifolium II- 3 1-9 III-ll II-II IV-17 IV-ai IV-19 IV- IS IV-13 I-19 1-9 11-19 II-19 IV-ai 1-9 lie . Caro- ived nmon ed ma m ■ \rpum III-23 11-19 II- 5 II- S IV- 7 ■ight-Wd IV- 7 III-25 III-2S 11-31 I-17 III-19 1-9 in-23 I-ii I-li I-il ni-19 I-13 . 1-7 I-ii III-is I-»3 1-21 I-iS 1-iS