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)0)t.

SERIES- IV

WAfSlDE
FIQ^ERS

0FAVGV5TSEPTEMBER

OCTOBER AND JVNE

TO OCTOBER

With life
size pen and

INK STVDIES
FROM NATVKE

BY

F.5CHVYLER MATHEWS

TABER- PRANG ART CQ

BOSTON & SPRINGFI ELD, MASS.

•ECONH COPY.

V

MS^S^-.

't;^^i«;*v.,-s-_^'j;.^,^

AYSIDE

Flowers

SERIES IV. BEING A DESCRIPTION OF AMERICAN
WILD FLOWERS THAT BLOOM IN
AUGUST, SEPTEMBER, OCTOBER, AND
JUNE TO OCTOBER j» ^ j» ^ J* <^ -^

BY F. SCHUYLER MATHEWS ^ ^ ^
ILLUSTRATED WITH PEN AND INK
DRAWINGS FROM NATURE BY THE
AUTHOR j»j*>J»^>«^'^'^«»''^

I

^

TABER- PRANG ART CQ
BOSTON & 5PRINGFI ELD. MASS.

\.

mmmmviiMt'ummprt'

-I

Copyright l396BrTABERPRAHGARTCo.lio5ToN,u.sA

4^'

WAYSIDE FLOWERS.

PREFACE, SERIES IV.

JN the latter part of summer and in the
coming of autumn, there is a general
mingling of the tall weeds which have
just attained their full growth, with some
of the little ones which have lingered on the by-way
since early summer.

In August the yellow flowers of the wild Indigo,
give place to the crowding yellow plumes of the
golden-rod. The little milkwort is fading now, and
the Brunella fails to show its sumptuous purjjle
heads which were so conspicuous in July.

There is a change afoot — the evening primrose
is past its prime, the lingering blue-bells show a few
last touches of purple on the borders of the rocky
pasture, and the yellow of the Hypericum is fading.
Then ci.nne the goldenrods and asters in countless
numb * ,nd infinite variety, and finally the bright
gentians ind up the floral procession with the blue
of heaven, and the fringes of Juno's eyes. Perhaps
the Autumn dandelion puts a period at the end of the
gentian's march, but it is hard to tell which is the
last flower. In different parts of the country the

procession changes its order and its character. But
of one thing we may be sure, the flowers of the witch-
hazel will linger until the first flurry of snow.

My list, which includes only a hundred or so flowers,
may not seem a very extensive one, but the selection
is marked by distinguished characters. There are
undoubtedly many other flowers which are equally
entitled to our attention, but this collection will serve
as a good introduction to inosc less common species
in which we will soon become interested after famil-
iarity with our present list is a.'isured. It is never
best to rush swiftly along the path of knowledge ;
something is sure to be overlooked. It is often
wisest to suggest to the student a little bit of leisure
study. To master a knowledge of a hundred flowers
is a fair and sound beginning.

This wild flower series will be followed later by
a series of one hundred trees which will include
all the native species common in the middle and
North-eastern Stotes.

F. Schuyler Mathews.
El Furkidas,
Blair, Campton, N.H.

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Series 4.

Wild Indigo.

BapHsta tinctbria

:*

5>

Wild Indigo.

BaptUia titutbria.

. LEGUMINOS/E, Pulse.
. Yellow.

June- August, often early September.
Environment, Dry, sandy soil.
Height .18 ins. to 3 ft.
Habitat . . Me. to Fla., west to Minn, and La.
Character: Whitish green foliage, pealike
blossom.

Family

Color

Blooms

f3)

"" "i^SWSBBSBSBSf"*

. WgfljiJlSl"iitii|MMI|'iWiniilg.il!IWll<*WW

Series 4.

Milkwort.

Pulyga/a ciucidta.

Harebell, Bluebell.

Campdnula rotundifhiia.

II

Milkwort.

Polyfiln iruiiiiht.

F.milv . . POLYGALACK:*:, Milkwort.
Color . . . Dull magenta pink.
Hloonw . August -September.
KnvironMwni, Margins of swamps, low grounds.
Height . . 3 ins. to 10 ins.
Hibitat . . Me. to Va., southward near the coast,
west to Minn, and Neb.
Character: Flower spike short and thick;
spreading branches.

Harebell, Bluebell.

Campdnula rotundi/hlia.

FamUy . . CAMPANULACEit, Campanula.
Color . . Light blue-violet.
Bloom* . . June-September.
Environment. Rocky and shaded banks and cliffs.
Height . . 7 ins. to I ft.

Habitat . . Common northward, and southward
in the mts.
Character: Slender leaved, firm, and wiry

stemmed i the round, heart-shaped root leaves,

disappear very early.

):

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-am.u'wiimiw'''

Series 4.

Upright-leaved
St. John's- wort,

<iricum adprhsum.

Evening Primcose,

CEnothera biennis

m.ummrfwmiiii'WWi

Uprlght-leaveil
St. John's-wort

'ericum adpressum

Evening Primrose.

(Enothera biennis.

ON AGRACEi*:, Evening Primrose.

Pure light yellow.

June - September.

Roadsides and fields.

I ft. to 4 ft.

Common.
Character : Erect and stout ; flower delicately
lemon perfumed, opens broadly toward even-
ing.

Family
Color . .
Blooms .
Environment
Height
Habitat

^"amily • •
Color . . •
Blooms . .
Environment,
HeiKht . .
Habitat . .
Character

Cominon St. John's-wort.

Hypericum perforatum.
HYPERICACEA:, St. JohnVwort.
. Golden yellow.
June -September.
Fields, roadsides, meadow borders.

I ft. to 2 ft.

Common, naturalised from Europe.

: Rugged and branchy.

Upright-leaved St. John's-wort.

Hypericum adpressum.
HYPERICACE/E, St. John's-wort.
Bright light golden-yellow.
July - September.
Moist places.

I ft. to 2 ft. r. J

Nantucket and R. I. to Pa., and
south westward.
Character : Leaves long, growing close to stem,
which is simple.

Family . .
Color . . .
Blooms . '
Environment,
Height
Habitat .

f7)

i

Series 4.

Herb Robert.

GirdKtum Robertiinum,

ni^.i»i.iiW-WPIIWSP

Herb Robert.

Gerinium Robertianum.

Family . . GERANIACEiE, Geranium.

Color . . . Magenta, and deeper dull crimson-
magenta.

Blooms . . June - October.

Environment, Moist woods, shaded ravines, shady
roadsides.

Height . . I ft. to 2 ft.

Habitat . . New England to Mo. and northward,
naturalized from Europe.
Character: Reddish, sparingly hairy, strong
scented stems.

1
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lr>^.J.:-^"iii»gA cr"-^

^Series 4.

^^;.. — ^^

BesKar-ticks.

JiiJeiis /rondosa

Larger Bur-MariKold. i?L

Bh/ens chiysanthemoiites. KW P*

irtiMilMnMiilMi

jfiKcsa&WJii'Tfcf-''**'"---'. "*■■•■' =-

li

Family . •
Color , . .

Blooms
Environment,
Height
Habitat

Beggar-ticks.

Btdens frondosa.

COMPOSIT^E, Composite.

Flowers heads yellow-green or rusty,
indeterminate in color.

July -October.

Moist waste places.

1 6 ins. to 6 ft.

Common throughout the country.
Character : The tiny seed-vessels with two tiny
awl-shaped bristles, which adhere to clothing
and sheep's wool; flowers ray less.

Larger Bur-Marigold.

Bhiens chrysanthemoides.

COMPOSITiE, Composite.
Golden- yellow, dull or greenish in

center.
August -October.

Family
Color .

Blooms

Environment. Swamps, damp' places, by shallow

water.
Height . . 6 ins. to 2 ft., rarely 30 ins.
Habitat . . Common northward.

Character: Smooth, erect; leaves regularly
toothed.

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Willow-leaved Blue Aster.

Aiter Novi-Bilgii.

smooth Qolden-rod.

Solid&go serdtina.

Family . . COM POSITiE, Composite.

Color . . . Yellow, golden in tone, inclined to
greenish cast.

Bloomi . . August - September.

Environment, Copses, roadsides, fence-rows.

Heigiit . . 1 8 ins. to 2 ft., rarely 30 ins.

Habitat . . Common.

Character : Smooth leaf; stout, smooth stem,
often covered with a purplish bloom i small
flowers, but large showy clusters. '

Willow-leaved Blue Aster.

A^ter Npvt Belgii.
. . COMPOSITiE, Composite.

Family
Color

Whitish lilac, deeper, or paler, some-
times bluer.
August -October.
Borders of copses, roadsides.
9 ins. to 30 ins.

Very common. Me. to 111. and Ga.,
along the Atlantic coast.
Character: Smooth throughout; leaves light
green, stemless.

Hlooms . .
Environment,
Height
Habitat .

(13)

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Series 4.

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Panicied White A«ter.

/1s/er fianiculAtus.

licied White Aster.

Asttr fianieuldtus.

&uammimesamifaa<i>mmmimii*oviaitis ■

«.

Gray Golden-rod.

Solidago fiemora/is.

Family . . COMPOSITi*:, C'omposite.

Color . . . Bright golden-yellow.

Bloom* . . August -October.

Environment. Dry hillsides, pastures, roadsides.

Height . . I ft. to 2 '/^ ft.

Habitat . . Common.

Character . Grayish green, fine, wooly stemsi
compact, but small, brilliant flower-head.

Panicled White Aster.

Aster paniculatui.

Family . . COMPOSITiE, Composite.
Color . . . White, yellow center.
Blooms . . Late August, September.
Environment. Low, moist grounds, borders of

meadow copses, shady banks.
Height . . 2 ft. to 8 ft.
Habitat . . Common.

Character . Foliage deep green, erect branches;

usu;

ally broad, flat-topped panicle of flowers.

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ii^y^liin'iiiiif iMii !'■■ "■»i»*i>i'i'<i rw«^^««»i<^^

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Series 4.

Purple-Stemmed Aster,

Aitrr puniceui.

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Purple-Stemmed Aster.

Aster /lunlceus.

Family . . COMPOSITE:, Composite.

Color . . . Purplish, or light violet, lighter or

deeper, yellow center.
Bloom» . . September.

Enviri)miieni. Swamps,moist places,among thickets.
Height . . 3 ft. to 7 ft.
Habitat . . Very common.

Character: Purple-brownish stem, rough,
hairv, stout.

White Qolden-rod.

SoliMgi' hUolor.

Family . . COMPOSITyf:, Composite.
Color . . . Cream-white, bits of rusty color, sta-
mens light yellow.
Hloomi . . August- September.
Environment, Fields, copses, roadsides.
Height . . I ft. to 2 ft.
Habitat . . Me., west to Minn, and Mo.

Character: Stem mostly simple, but often

branched; foliage grayish green, with soft

hairs.

(17)

I'-au J-— L'iiuiwmui tm 1. 1

Series 4.

A^ Closed Gentian. Bottle Gentian.

Genlidna Anilrhvsii.

MMMBWWMM

Lance«l«aved Oold«n>ro<t.

.So/u/d/(i> /a nceo/dta .

F.n.lly . COMFOSnVF':, Composite.
Color . . . Light dull goldcn-ycllow.
Hloom* . . August, early October.
Environment, River banks, moist soil, roadsides by

ditches.
Height . . 2 ft. to 3 ft.
lUbltat . . Common.

Character : Small lance-shaped Icafi tiny flowers
in flat-topped clusters.

Closed Qentian, Bottle Gentian.

Gentidna Amirewsii.
Family . . GENTIANACE/*:, Gentian.
Color . . . Blue-violet, white in part, sometimes

all white.
Bloomi . . September - October.
Environment. Moist ground, shaded and leafy road-
sides.
Height . . I ft. to 2 ft.

Habitat . . Me. to Minn., south to northern Lia.
Character: Stems upright, smooth; the violet-
blue flowers never open, bottle-shaped.

(19)

e Oentian.

k>'. Mf ^4 «iM^' -JL:r«>>*< ' -l

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White Heathlike Aster.

■

Aster erico\des.

. COMPOSITiE, Composite.
. White, yellow center.
. August - September, early October.
Dry hillsides, open places, pastures.
I ft. to 3 ft.

Southern N. H. and Mass. south-
ward, west to Minn.
Character: Tiny flowers, daisylike, narrow
pf tals, heathlike-, spare foliage.

Family . .
Color . . .
Blooms . .
Environment,
Height . .
Habitat . .

Blue-stemmed Qolden-rod.

Solidago ccesia. ^

Family . . COM POSITit, Composite.
Color . . . Bright golden-yellow.
Blooms . . September- October.
Environment. Rich woodlands, woody roadsides.
Height . . 2 ft. to 3 ft.

Habitat . . Common. Me., west to southeast
Minn., III. and Ky.
Character : Showy large flowers, in small clus-
ters at bases of !«aves. stem blue-purplish.

Ladies' Tresses. -

Spirdnthes cernua.

Family . . ORCHIDACE/E, Orchid.
Color . . . White, waxy, creamy tone.
Blooms . . September - October.
Environment, Swamps, wet roadsides, Jamp mead-
ows.
Height . . 6 ins. to 12 ins., rarely 20 ins.
Habitpt . . Common eastward and southward.
Character: Sweet scented, flowers climb the
stalk spirall\.

Ladiea' Tressc*.

SpirAnlhts i-rrtiua.

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Series 4.

1^'

I'

n

Rouch-leaved Aster,

/Istfr rdriu/a-

Family . •
Color . . .

Blooms . •
Environment,
Height . .
Habitat . .

Heart-leaved A«ter.

Aster cordifblius.

COMPOSITiE, Composite.
Lilac, also nearly white, purplish

centers.
September ~ October.
Woodlands and shady banks,
lo ins. to 2 ft.
Very common.
Character: Heart-shaped leaves on slender
stems ; a small flower, in pyramidal cluster.

Rough-leaved Aster.

Aster rddula. ' '

Family . . COMPOSITE:, Composite. .

Color . . . Light violet. •

Blooms . . August - September.

Environment, Borders of copses, and woodlands.

Height . . I ft. to 3 ft.

Habitat . . Me. to Del.,alsoPoconoMt., Penn.

Character : Scales immediately under the flower
with short spreading green tips-, stemless
leaves.

(23)

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Series 4.

Pall Dandelion

Leintoiion autumntkli

Family . ■
Color . . .
Blooms . '
Environment,
Height .
HabiUt .

PritiKcd Qentian.

Gentiina crinita.

GENTIANACEvE, Gentian.
Light blue-violet, deeper or lighter.
Late September-October.
Low grounds, near streams.
I ft. to 2 ft.

Me. to the Dakotas, south to Iowa,
and Ohio, and the mts. to Ga.
Character: Flowers open only in sunshine,
deeply fringed, solitary, on long stems.

Fall Dandelion.

Ledntodon autumndiis.
Family . . COM POSITvE, Composite.
Color . . . Golden yellow.
Blooms . . July-November, common in Octo-
ber.
Environment, Moist meadoWS.

Height . . 5 ins. to 1 5 ins.
Habitat . . Me. to Pa., common.

Character: A bracted (with tiny leaflike scales)
branching stem.

Pall Dandelion

Ledntoiion autumntkli

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;n\Uimfiism!\'- ^^^^■'"■"'"- ■

SYSTEMATICAL INDEX.

RANUNCULACEvt, Crowfoot.
Herbs with numerous stamens, and
usually more than one pistil, all
the parts of the flower distinct, and
inserted on the recepucle. Calyx
often colored like a corolla, when
the latter is wanting.

Thimble-wecd, Antmont Vir-
tliniamt Il-Jl

Wood Anemone, Wind-flower.
Antmont quiniiuifoha Ant-
mane nemorosa . • '"'3

Liverwort, Hcpatica, Htpaiica
triloba '"3

Rue Anemone, AnemontUa
Ihalktroiiiis '"'3

Marsh Marigold, Cai^^Aa/a/wi'rw 1- 5

Goldthread, C<»^/" "'/"/" • • '"7

Columl)ine,/4f«i/<^a Canadtnsis II- 5

FAFAVERACE,*:, Poppy.

Herbs with regular flowers, calyx
mostly of two sepals which fall when
the blossom opens, peUls twice or
3-5 times as many, numerous free
stamens. Juice usually milky or
colored and narcotic.

Bloodroot, SaH^uinaria Cana-

Jensis '~ 7

FUMARIACE,*; Fumitory.

Delicate and smooth herbs. Sepals
3. scale-like ; 4 larger irregular and
doped petals, tlic two outer with
spreading tips, and I or both spurred
or saccate at base, the J inner and
smaller united by their tips, which
inclose the anthers of the 6 stamens
in 1 sets along with the stigma.
Compound leaves.

Dutchm.in's Breeches, Dictntra

Cucullaria '"5

CARYOPHYLLACE/E, I'ink.

Herbs with regular flowers with not
over 10 stamens, 2-5 styles or sessile
stigmas, mostly separate to the base.
Calyx persistent. Petals sometimes
minute or wanting. Opposite en-
tire leaves.
Long-leaved Stitchwort, Stella-

ria loHgifolia . . II- 5

HYPERlCACE/t, St. John's-wort.
Perfect flowers with many or few
stamens (usually in 3 or 5 clusters)
inserted on the receptacle. Leaves
opposite, entire, simple.

Upright-leaved St. John's-wort,

Hypericum adprissum . . IV- 7

Common St. John's- wort, /fy-
ptricum perforatum . . ■ IV- 7

GERANIACE,*:, Geranium.

Herbs with refular .lowers on th-;
plan of 5, stamens 10, lic'/w. :
scented. Leaves simple, va...' .s'y
lobed or even dissected. (In Oxalis
leaves compound, of 3 obcordate
leaflets, and flowers usually open only
in sunshine.)

Wild Geranium, Cranesbill, Ge-

lanmm maculatum . ■ ■ I-25

Herb Robert, Geranium Rober-
tianum 'V- 9

S<iUi Pp.
Wood Sorrel, fjn/xJ /!«/«"//<> I-^'
Yellow Wood-Sorrel, Oxalii

corniiutata var. stricia . l-i 5

Jewelweed, Touch-me-not, /«•

patieus pallida III-19

POLYGALACE.*, Milkwort.

Herbs with very irregular flowers.
Calyx persistent ol 5 sepals; 3 of
them small, viz.; 2 on the lower,
and I on the upper side of the blos-
som, and I on each side called
wings, which are larger, colored and
would be taken for peuls. Within
these on the lower side, are 3 petals
united into 1 body, the middle one
keel-shaped and often bearing a
crest. Stamens 6 or 8 concealed in
the hooded middle petal. Leaves
simple, entire, alternate orwhorled.
Fringed Folygala, Flowering
Wintergreen, Polygala pauci-

folia '-'9

Milkwort, Folygala polygama . lU-l I
Milkwort, Polygala cruciata . IV- 5

LEGUMINOS/E, Pulse.

Flowers (always on the plan of 5,
and stamens not exceeding 10) truly
papilionaceous, i.e. butterflylike or
having a sundard, keel and wings.
Sepals united more or less into a
tube or cup. Leaves compound and
alternate.

Wild Indigo, Baptisia tincloria IV-3

ROSACEA, Rose.

Plants with regular flowers, numer-
ous (rarely few) distinct sUmens in-
serted on the calyx, and i or many
pistils, whiv.h are quite dist'ict.
Calyx of 5 or rarely 3, 4 or 8 seiials,
united at the base. Petals as many
as the sepals, and inserted with the
sumens on the edge of a disk that
lines the calyx tube. Leaves alter-
nate and stipulate.

Meadowsweet, 5//ya.JJ<t/»"/o/«a lI-'9

Hardback, Steeple-bush, Spiraa
tomtntosa U-19

Purple Flowering-Raspberry,

Rubus odoratus . . . .11-17

Wild Swamp Rose, Rosa Caro-
lina Ill- 7

SAXIFRAGACE*, Saxifrage.

Flowers mostly perfect with as many
or twice as many stamens, and fewer
styles or stigmas than there are
petals or sepals. Sum»ns and pet-
als generally borne on the calyx.

Foamflower, False Mitrewort,

Tiarella cortlifolia . ■ ■ I-17

DROSERACE/E, Sundew.

Bog herbs, with regular five-petaled
flowers, and bristly fringed leaves
in a tuft at the root. Insectivorous
plants.

Long-leaved Sundew, Drosera

intermedia var. Americana ■ III-25

MELASTOMACE-t, Melastoma.
Plants with opposite simple 3-7
ribbed leaves, no stipules, as many

SttlM. Pp.
or twice as many stamens as petals,
both inserted in the throat of the
calyx, anther? of peculiar shape
open! - 5 by a small hole at the apexi
Meadow ' Beauty, Deergrass,

Rliexia Virginica . . . .111-19

ONAGRACE/E, Evening Primrose.
Herbs or shrubs with showy perfect
and symmetrical flowers in fours
(rarely in two to sixes) throughout.
The calyx tube bearing the petals,
and as many or twice as many
sumens. Styles always united into
one.

Kireweed, Epilobium angiislifo-
lium Ill-»5

Hairy Willow-herb, Kpiloiium

hirsutum I1I-I5

Evening Primrose, (Enothera

biennis IV- 7

UMBELLIFER/E, Parsley.

Herbs with small flowers in com-
pound umbels calyx with 5 minute
teeth or none, 5 petals, 5 stamens
and 2 styles. Stems usually hollow.
Leaves alternate, more commonly
compound.

Wild Parsnip, Ziiia aurea . ■ I-25

CAPRIFOLIACE/E, Honeysuckle.
Shrubs, or rarely herbs ; stamens as
many as the lobes of the corolla and
borne on its tube. Leaves opposite
without stipules.

Twin Flower. Linnaa borealis I -13

RUBIACE/E, Madder.

Shrubs or rarely herbs, stamens as
many as the lobes of the corolla and
borne on its tube. Entire opposite
leaves with stipules between them,
or else (as in Galium) the leaves
whorled without stipules.

Bluets, Quaker Ladies, Housto-

nia ccerulea "-3

Bedslraw. Galium asprellum . lll-li

COMPOSIT/E, Composite.

The largest family of flowering plants .
Corollas either tubular (or funnel-
formed and lobed) or strap-shaped,
sometimes both kinds in the same
head ; when the marginal strap-
shaped corollas form what are called
ray flowers, those of the central part
of the head are called disk flowers.
There are almost always five stamens,
and the anthers are united in a com-
mon tube through which the style
(Mcses.

White Snake-root, Eupatorium
ageratoides IH-21

CoiAmkiXtr, C/trysopsisfalcata III- 7

Lance-leaved Golden-rod, Sot-

idago lanceolata .... IV-19

Blue-stemmed Golden-rod, Sol-
idago casia I V-2 1

White Golden-rod, Solidagq

bicolor IV-17

Smooth Golden-rod, Solidago

serolina IV-13

Gray Golden-rod, io/xdiJ^ tum-
orals IV-15

T

(26)

S«tiM. Pp.

y Atamenii as petals,

n the throat of the

of peculiar shape

all hole at the apex>

Deergrass,
a . . . . III-19

ivening I'rimrose.
I with showy perfect
il flowers in fours
o sixes) throughout,
bearing the petals,
or twice as many
es always united into

vm angiistifo-

b, Epilobium

1

e, CEnothira

UI-iS
111-15
IV- 7

E, Parsley.

tall flowers in corn-
calyx with 5 minute
; petals, ; stamens
Stems usually hollow,
lie, more commonly

iia tturea . ■ 1-2 5

E/«, Honeysuckle.

tly herbs ; stamens as

bes of the corolla and

ibe. Leaves opposite

:s.

innaa borealis I -1 3

ladder.

ely herbs, stimens as
jbes of the corolla and
ube. Entire opposite
tipules between them,
n Galium) the leaves
>ut stipules.
Ladies, Housto-

11-3

im asprellum .Ul-Ii

Composite.

mily of flowering plants .
er tubular (or funnel-
obed) or strap-shaped,
oth kmds in the same
1 the marginal strap-
as form what are called
hose of the central part
are called disk flowers,
lost always five stamens,
ers are united in a com-
irough which the style

DOt, Eupatarium

111-21

hrysopsis falcata III- 7
jolden-roid, Sol-
<ala .... IV-19
Golden-rod, Sol-

IV-21

n-rod, SoUdago

IV-17

en-rod, SoUdago

IV-13

•3d., SoUdago rum-
IV-I5

SYSTEMATICAL INDEX.

iv-23

1-17
111-13
111-19
111-25

IV-ii
IV-ii

StriM. I>.
Heart-le»ved Aster, Aittr cor-

di/ttUua

Purple-stemmed Aster, Astir

puHictttJ IV-17

Rough-leaved Alter, Asttr ra-

Jula IV-23

WiUow-leaved Blue Aster, Ajttr

Nmi-Btlgii lV-13

White Heathlike Alter, Astir

mceidis IV-21

Panicled White Aater, Astir

patuculatus lV-15

Robin's PlanUln, ErigiroH ill-

UdifoUus
Daisy Kleabane, Eriniron stn-

gosits

Ulack-eyed Susan, Rudbictia

hirta

Wild Sunflower, Hetianthus gt-

gantiin

Beggar-ticks, BidiHS frondosa
Larger Bur-Marigold, Bidins

chrysaiUhimoidis ■ ■ ■
Fall Dandelion, Liontodon au-
tumnatis lV-25

LOBELIACE/t, LobelU.
Plants with milky, acrid juice, alter-
nate, simple leaves, and scattered,
racemed or panicled flowers. The
corolla irregularly 5 lobed and
mostly split dowtl, on the upper
side; the 5 stamens united into a
tube commonly by their filaments
and always by their anthers ; style
only one.

Cardinal Flower, Lobilia cardi-

nabs l"-'7

Indian Tobacco, Lohiha mfiata Il-i 5

CAMPANULACE,*., CampanuU.
Herbs with milky juice, and scat-
tered flowers, with regular 5-lobed
(blue or white) corolla, and 5 su-
mens borne on the summit of the
calyx tube. Style i ; stigmas sev-
eral. Stamens separate. Leaves
alternate.

Harebell, Bluebell, Campanula

rotundifoUa IV- 5

ERICACE-€, Heath.

A large family of shrubs, herbs, and
small trees. Flowers almost all
regular with as many or twice as
many stamens as there are petals or
lobes of the corolU. The heath
and heather belong to this family
and are distinguished by needlelike
evergreen leaves, and 4-lobed corol-
las.

Mayflower, Trailing Arbutus,
Epigaa riptns .

Shin Uaf, ^ru/a Miptica . .

Bell Heather, Erica ciniria

Indian Pipe, Monotropa uni-
flora

PLUMBAGlNACEit, Leadwort.
Known by the regular flowers with
5-lobed plaited calyx, 5 sumens
opposite as many petals and almost
separate from them, and 5 styles.

Sea Uvender, Marsh Rosemary,
Statici Umonium var. Caro-
Uniana 111-23

PRIMULACEjC, Primrose.

Herbs with regular perfect flowers,
the stamens borne on the corolla and

1- 9
11-13

I- 3
11- 7
111-11

11-25

as many as its divisions and opposite

them ; one style and stigma.-
Sur Flower, Triinlalis Amiri-

cana

Four- leaved Loosestrife, Lyst-

macUtt quadrifoUa . .
Common Loosestrife, Lysima-

chia sirtcta ■ 11-13

APOCYNACE^, Dogbane.

Herbaceous or woody planW, with
milky juice, opposite (sometimes
whorled) simple and entire leaves,
without stipules, and regular flowers.
Calyx, corolla, and stamens in fives,
but the stigmas and often the styles
united into one.

Spreading Dogbane, Apocynnm

androsamifoUnm . . ■ 11- 1 5

ASCLEPlADACE-t, Milkweed.
Plants with milky juice opposite
(sometimes whorled) simple and
entire leaves without stipules, and
regular monopetalpus flowers" with
five parts to the calyx, corolla and
stamens. Anthers connected with
the stigma. The short filaments
bearing curious appendages behind
the anthers forming what is called a
crown.
Swamp Milkweed, Asclipias in-

carnala III-13

Common Milkweed, Asclipias

Coruuti Ill- 9

GENTlANACE/t, Gentian.

Herbs with regular flowers, having
stamens as many as the lobes of the
corolla and alternate with them.
Leaves opposite, simple, entire and
sessile.

Cenuury, Erythraea, Erythraa

spicata III-20

Sea Pink, Sabtatia stitlaris . Ill- 5

Slender Sabbatia, Sabbatia gra-
cilis HI- 5

American Centaury, Sabbatia
chloroidis HI- 5

Frineed Gentian, Gmtiana cri-

nila IV-19

Closed Gentian, Bottle Gentian,

Gintiana Andriuisii ■ ■ ■ IV-19

SCROPHULARIACE/E, Figwort.
Known by the 2-lipped or at least
more or less irregular monopetalous
corolla, 2 or 4 stamens, single style
entire or 2-lobed stigma. A few
have the corolla almost regular, and
one or two have 5 stamens either
complete or incomplete.
Turtlehead, Chilont glaira 1II-19,
Purple Gerardia, Gerardia pur-
puna 111-21

LABIATE, Mint.

Herbs with aromatic herbage, square
stems,opposite8impleleaves,2-lipped
corolla, the upper lip divided into 2
lobes, the lower into 3. 2 or 4 su-
mens inserted on the corolla tube,
2-lobed stigma. Flowers from the
axils of the leaves or bracts, in
clusters or spikes.

Self-Heal, Brunilla vulgaris . lll-ii

U-ii

11-21

11-7

ORCHIDACE/t, Orchis.

Perennial herbs more or less de-
pendent upon insects for fertilization.

Swiu. Pp
The six-parted perianth composed
of three outer divisions answering
to sepals, and the three inner (which
alternate with the outer divisions)
answering to petals ; one of these
which is larger and different from
the others is called the lip or label-
lum . There are one or two stamens
which are connected with the style ;
the pollen is mostly coherent in
masses.
Calopogon, Bearded Orchis,

Calopogon puUhillus ■ ■ ■ Il-n
Snake's Mouth, I'ogonia ophio-

glossoi<Us I1-' '

Ladies' Tresses, Spiraniliis cir-

nua ■V-21

Rattlesnake Plantain, Goodyira

pubisciHs Ill- 3

Greenish-White Orchis, Habi-

naria Iridintala ■ . .11-9

Smaller Green Orchis, Habina-

ria Hookiri "-9

Ragged Fringed Orchis, Hati-

naria lacira II- 9

Smaller Purple-Fringed Orchis,
Hakinaria psycoitis ■ . ■
Showy Lady's Slipper, Cypri-
ptdium sptctabili ....
Moccasin-flower. Lady's Slip-
per, Cypripidium acault . ■

IRIDACEit, Iris.

Flowers perfect and showy, from a
spathe of two or more leaves or
bracts j divisions of the perianth in
two sets (answering to sepals and
petals). Style 1, or rarely 3-cleft;
stigmas 3 opposite the 3 stamens'
and the outer divisions of the peri-
anth. Anthers face outward.

Blue Flag, Larger, Ms virsi-
color I-»3

Blue-eyed Grass, Sisyrinchium
angustifolium 1 1-3

LILIACE^ Lily.
Large family with regular symmetri-
cal flowers, usually with [wrianth of
6 parts, and as many stamens stand-
ing in front of the divisions. Chiefly
herbs with entire leaves.

Solomon's Seal, Polygonatum

bifiorum •-'9

False Solomon's Seal, Smiks-
cina stillata

Canada Mayflower, Maianthi-
tnum Canadensi ....

Bellwort, Oakisia sissilifolia ■

Adder's Tongue, Dog's-Tooth
Violet, Erythronium Amiri-
canum

Wood Lily, Wild Red Lily,
Ltliurn Philadilphicum

Canada Meadow Lily, LiUum

Canadtnsi H-»3

Wake-Robin, Birthroot, Tril-
lium irtclum I-' '

Painted Trillium, Trillium iry-

Ihrocartum !-■ '

ARACE,€, Arum.

Herbs with pungent watery juice,
small perfect or imperfect flowers in
a fleshy head or spike called a spadix,
usually furnished with tiie colored
enveloping bract called a spathe.

Jack-ln-the-Pulpit, Indian Tur-
nip. Arisama triphyllum I-21

1-9

1-17
I-I5

I- 7
11-25

(47)

'TU-'Lii.'juu»n.aam«--

C

ALPHABETICAL INDEX

OF THE FOUR SERIES OF WAYSIDE FLOWERS.

Serin
I

Adder*! Tongue . .

AnemoHe mmoroia ... I

Anemone quinquifoha . \

Anemone Vtrginiana I!

Anemone, Wood .... I

Anemonelta l/inticlroidei I
Apocynum androiamifolium II

Aquilegia Canadensii II-

Atbutui, Trailinf; ... I-

Aritama triphyllum . ■ I-

Aulepiai Cornuli ... Ill

Asdepiai incarnala . . . III-

Ailer cordifohus .... IV-
Asler ericoiJei . . . .IV-

Aiter, Golden III-

Atter, Heart-leaved . . .IV-

Aster Nmii-Belsii . ■ IV-

Aiter, Panicled White . . IV-

A iter panic ulalm . . . IV-

Ailer puniuus .... IV-

Atter, Purple-stemmed . . IV-

Ailer radula IV-

Aiter, Kough-leaved . . . IV-

Aiter, White Heathlike . . IV-

Aiter, Willow-leaved Blue . IV-

Baptiiia tindoria . . IV-

Bedstraw IIl-

Beggar-ticki IV-

Bellwort I-

Bidens chryMnthemoides . IV-

Hidens frondoia .... IV-

Birthroot I-

Black-eyed Susan . . . III-

Bloodroot I-

Bluebell IV-

Ulue-eyed Grass . . . . II-

Blue Flag, Larger ... I-

Blucts II-

Brunella vulgaris , . . III-
Bur-Marigold, Larger . . IV-
Cahpogtn puUhellus II-
Caliha paluslris .... 1-
Campanula rolundi/olia . IV-
Canada Mayflower ... I-
Cardinal hlower .... III-
Centaury, American . . III-
Ckelone glabra .... III-
Chrysopiit faleata , . .Ill-
Clover, Yellow or Hop . . Ill-

Columbine II

CtpHs tri/olia .... I-

Craneibill I-

Cypripedium ac-rule . . II-

Cypripedium speclabile II-

Daily Fleabane .... HI-

19

Dandelion, Fall . ,
Deergrau ....
Diienlra Cucullaria
Dogbane, Spreading
Drosera intermedia var.

Americana .
Dutchman's Breeches
Epigaa repent . .
EpiioHum anguUifotium
Rpitohium kinuium
Erica cinerea . .
Erigeron betlidifolius
Erigeron sirigviui .
Erythraa spicala
Erylhronium Americnnum
Eupalorium agernloidei
Evening Primrose
Firewecd ....
Flowering Wintergreen
Foamflower . . .
Galium asprellum
Gentian, Bottle . .
Gentian, Closed . .
Gentian, Fringed . .
Gentiana Andrewsii
Gen/iana crirti/a . .
Geranium maculatum
Geranium Hoberlianum
Geranium, Wild .
Gerardia, Purple .
Gerardia purpurea
Golden-rod, Blue-stemmed
Gulden-rod, Gray .
Golden-rod, Ijince-leaved
Golden-rod, Smooth .
Golden-rod, White .
Goldthread ....
Goodyera pubescent .
Habenaria Hookeri
Habenaria lacera
llahenaria ptycodet .
I/abenaria Iridenlata
Hardback ....
HarebeU ....
Heather, BeU . . .
Helianthut giganina
Hepatica triloba . .
Herb Robert . . .
Houitania caKulea
Hypericum aJprettum
Hyptrieum pkrferatum
Impatient pallida
Indian Pipe . , .
Indian Tobacco . ,
Indian Turnip . . .

Strlti Pp,
IV-as

III-17

1-5
11-15

III-25

1-5

I- 3

111-15

III-15

lll-ii

I-17

in-13

111-23

1-7

111-21
IV- 7
ni-15

I-.9

1-17
III-II
IV-19
IV-19
IV-25
IV-19
IV-25

1-25
IV-9

1-25
HI-21
III-21
IV-21
IV-15
IV-19
IV-I3
IV-17

1-7
III- 3
11-9
II- 9
11-11

11-9
11-19

IV- 5
III-II
111-25

1-3
IV- 9

II- 3

IV- 7
IV- 7

III-I9
11-25

II-iS
I-ai

Indigo, Wild .
Iris veriiiohr
]ack-in-the-Pulpil
Jewelwccd . .
Ladies' Treiiei
Lady's Slipper . .
Lady's Slipiwr, Showy
f.eontodoH autumnalit
/.ilium Canodense
Lilium miadelphicum
Lily, Canada Meadow
Lily, Wild Red
Lily, Wood .
Limitta borealii .
Liverwort ...
Lobelia cardinalit
Lobelia injtata
IxHiscstriie, Common
Loosestrife, Four-leaved
Lyiimachia quadrifolia
Lytimachia ttricta . .
Maianlhemum Canadense
Manh Marigold
Marsh Rosemary .
Mayflower . . .
Meadow Beauty .
Meadowsweet . .
Milkweed, Common
Milkweed, Swamp

Milkwort

Mitrewort, False .
Moccasin Flower .
Monotropa unijtora
Oahesia settilifolia
CEnothera biennit
Orchis, Bearded
Orchis, Greenish-White .
Orchis, Ragged Fringed
Orchis, Smaller Green

S«rl« Pp.
IV-3
I-»3

1-21

III-I9
IV-21
II- 7
11-21
IV-25

11-23

11-25

11-23

11-25

11-25

I-'3

I- 3

III-17

11-15

II-13

II-13

II-13

II-13

I-17

i-s

111-23
1-3
III-17
II-19
III- 9
III-13

Orchis^maller Purple-Fringed U-i

Oxalit aeetosella

Ojcalit corniculataytx.ttrieta I-15

Parsnip, Wild ....
Pcgonia ophioglottoidei ,
Polygala erutiata ,
Polygala, Fringed . ,
Polygala pautifolia . ,
Polygala polygama , .
Polygonalum biforum
Purple Flowering-Raspberry
Pyrola eUiptica . .
Quaker Ladies . . .
Rattlesnake Plantain
Rhexia Virginica . .
Robin's Plantain . .

.IiI-li,andIV-5

I-17

II- 7
11-25
I-15
IV- 7
II-il
II- 9
II- 9
II- 9

1-3 1

1-25
II-II

IV- s

I-I9
I-I9

III-II
I-I9
II-I7

11-7

II- 3

III- 3

III-17

I-17

Siitti Pp.

Koia Carolina . .

. Ill- 7

Row, Wild Swamp .

. Ill- 7

Xubut odoratut . .

. 11-17

Kudietkia hirta . .

. Ill- 3

Rue Anemone . .

• I-13

Sabbatia ehloroiJet .

. Ill- 5

Sabiatia gracilit . .

. Ill- s

Sabbatia, Slender

. Ill- s

Sabiatia stellarit . .

III- 5

Sanguinaria Canadtnt

«. 1-7

Sea Lavender . . .

. 111-23

Sea Pink ....

. Ill- 5

Self-Heal ....

. Ill-ii

Shin Leaf ....

■ II- 7

Siiyrinchium anguttifol

ium II- 3

Smilacena ittllata

• 1-9

Snake-root, White .

. III-3I

Snake's Mouth . .

. II-II

Solidago bicolor , .

. IV-17

Solidago catia , , .

. IV-21

Solidago lanceolata

. IV-19

Solidago nemoralit

. IV-is

Solidago lerotina . .

. IV-13

Solomon's Seal . .

. I-I9

Solomon's Seal, False

•1-9

Spima talicifolia

. . 11-19

Spiraa tomentosa . .

. 11-19

Spiranlhet eernua .

. IV-21

Sur Flower . . .

• 1-9

Slatiee Limonium var. C

"art-

lineana ....

. III-83

Steeplc-bush . . .

. 11-19

Sttllaria longi/olia .

• II- $

Stitchwort, Long-leaved

. II- 5

St. John's-wort, Commo

a . IV- 7

St. John's-wort, Upright

Wd IV- 7

Sundew, Long-leaved

. . III-2S

Sunflower, Wild . .

. ni-3s

Thimble-weed . .

. Il-ai

Tiarella tordifolia .

. I-17

Touch-me-not . . .

. III-19

Trientalii Amtritaua

1-9

Trifolium agrariftm ■

. 111-33

Trillium erectum

I-ii

Trillium erythrotarpmi

B . I-II

Trillium, Painted . .

. . I-II

Turtlehead . . . .

. III-I9

Twin Flower ...

. . I-I3

Violet. Dog-t-Tonth

. . 1-7

Wake-Robin . . .

. . I-II

WUlow-herb, Hairy .

. . III-is

Wind-flower . . .

. . I-I3

Wood-Sonel, White

. . I-ai

Wood-Sorrel Yellow

. . I-is

Zitia aurta . . .

. . I-as

\ r Mr '32

r28)

S«flM Pp.

.... HI- 7

mp . . . Ill- 7

.... II-«7

ni- 3

.... I-«3

uiit . . ■ ni- 5

Hi .... Ill- 5
« . . . "I- 5
■u . . . ni- 5

TanadtHsit . I- 7
.... ni-a3

Ill- 5

. . . lll-n
'..... 11- 7
anguitifoHum II- 3
'lata ... 1-9
rhite . . . ni-ai

* . . . . n-i«

,r . . . . lV-17
, IV-JI

lolala . . ■ IV-I9
n-alil . . . IV-I5
Hna .... IV-13
»1 . . . . I-»9
:al, False . . 1-9
i/olia . . . n-IJ
ttosa .... II->9
rr»«o . . . IV-ai
..... 1-9
'MiMiw v«r. Can-
in-23

I .... . n-19

tgifolia ... 11-5
Lx)ng-le«yed . II- $
ort, Common . IV- ^
ott.Upfight-lv'd IV- 7
>ng-leaved . . in-»5
Wild ... . 111-25

!ed . . . . n-»«

rdifalia ... I-«7

lot lH-'9

Amtritana . • 1-9
(^arium ■ . ■ 111-23
irectum ... 1-"
trythratarpum . 1-1 •
"tinted .... 1-"

I ..... • ni-«9

ret l-«3

^-i-Tooth . . 1-7

bin 1-"

srb, Hairy . . . lll-«5

«t l-'3

rrel, White . . l-*l

rtel Yellow . . I-«5

rta 1-»S

^■•

M

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