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Containing Jkief descriptions of all the known indigenous and Jatukalized plants growing without cultivation lortii of california, west of utah, and south of BRITISH COLUMBIA. BY T[r JHhUa£u^ /^5 V- fr /7VH ^iTK a. Ai*^^ J Id ^^.A^yt^joKc^cc^^^a^— •n a y ^, p/t-o^ C»-t<--V«t, «• ««K.-' THOMAS HOWELL VOL. L PHANimOGAM^. KASCICI.K (>, NVCTVUINACK.E TO PONTKUERIACE.F. ^ ,~- d^ ^/t,^^./^- ^^^. 00 'i'^-'t'^-^'^m-Ctxc^^eca^ Price Fifty Cents. PORTLAXD OREGON, July 20tli, 1902. cCa^ cjcot*- /// 4ert t /2 ^/ J 637 si/ h^ ;f »'«t L£**'*^rtf ! --i*^ ' I flH' FLI BRIEF DEI NATURAL] NORTH O Enteretl Howel FLORA OF NORTHWEST AUERICA. Containing BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL THE KNOWN INDIGENOUS AND NATURALIZED PLANTS GROWING WITHOUT CULTIVATION NORTH OF CALIFORNIA, WEST OF UTAH, AND SOUTH OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. BY THOMAS HOWELL VOL. L PHANEROGAMiE. rASCICI.I 6, NYCTAOINACEiB TO PONTBDBRIAOEA Price Fifty Cents. PORTLAND ORE€K)If, July 20th, 1908. — .»<' y Entered according to act of Congress in the year 1897 bv Thomas Howell, in the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. I i»^'« PLANTJ triangular, arifltate to to linear, a 8patiilate-( (txaerted fr middle: He gon to the F. teti green and leaves linei tipped, seat spikeH oblo rigid calloi pubescent, ginH, 1-2 Hi white with long-exaert iielow the dry hillaide P. Blg< aunuHl: lei ecapes 4-6 flowered, al perfect, calj ovate, rema one half loi the face. I fornia to Va P. eloDf puberulent l-6inche8 h: dioecious ot oblong, obt corolla-lobe capsule: sti circuoisciss brown. In Floral petal-like t?»ji. * Ovai if more it ?* Vjctag PLANTAGO PLANTAOlNAOBiE S6S trianitular, in villous forms top-ghaped, cylindrical, 2-6 inchei long: bracts aristate to foliaceous, often 10 times as long as the flowers, linear-sabulate to linear, acute : flowers pjrfect : cal> x-lobes villouH to glabrate lierbaceoua, spatnlate-oblong : corolla-lobes spreading, round-ovate tatamens 4, barely t'xserted from the tube : capsule onlong, obtuse, circumscissile at about the middle: needs 2, brown, oblong, finely pitted, in fields and plains, Ore- gon to the Eastern and Southern States. r. tetrantha E. L. Morris Bull. Torr. Bot. Club xxvii 119. A low green and purpliub acaulescent glabrous to pubescent or villous annual : leaves linear, entire, 2-3 inches long, about a line wide, truncately callous- tipped, sessile and with a somewhat clasping base scapes 4-6 inches hieh : splKeH oblong, 1-12 lines long, rather few-flowered: bracts scarious, with rigid callous- tipped apex, f^ as long as the calyx: flowers perfect: calyx pubescent, the ovate or oblons obtuse lobes with or without scarious mar- ginH. 1-2 lines long : corolla-lobes rounded-ovate, obtube, about 2 lines long, white with dark orown base, spreading or somewhat reflexed : stamens 4, long-exserted : capsule ovoid, 2 lines long, 2-seeded, circumscissile much Mow the middle: seeds dark brown, deeply channelled on the face. On dry hillsides near Grant's Pass, Oregon to California. P. Bigelovil Gray Pacif. R. Bep. iv, 217. Mostly glabrous and green, aunuHl : leaves linear, 1)^-4 inches long, rather fleshy obtuse, entire : ecapes 4-6 inches hjgh : spikes oblon^^ or linear, denselv few to many- flowered, about an inch long : bracts carinate, about an inch long : flowers perfect, calyx- lobes ovate, obtuse, about equalling the bracts : corolla-lobes ovate, remaining open : stamens 2, slightly exserted : capsule ovoid-oblong, one half longer tnttn the caly^, 4-seeded : seeds oblong, not hollowed on the face. In brackish marshes along the coast, San Francisco Bay Cali- fornia to Vancouver Island. P. elongata Pursh Fl. 729. P. pusilla Nutt. Somewhat cinereous- puberulent annual : leaves linear-spa tulate, 1-2 inches long, entire : scapes i-6inches high : spikes 3-18 lines long, loosely flowered : flowers imperfectly dioecious or polygamous : bracts ovate, keeled, about a line long : sepals oblong, obtuse, about equalling the bracts, with broad scarious margins: corolla-lobes triangular- ovate, acute, becoming erect and closed over the capsule: stamens 2: capsule short-ovoid, a little longer than the calyx, circumscissile below the middle, 4-seeded : seeds elongated-oblong, dark brown. In wet places, Oregon to the Eastern States. * '1 n. ' P.J'-O Division III. APETALiE. • «!-' it' Floral envelopes consisting of a calyx only which is often petal-like or wholly wanting. Very rarely some petals present. Synoptical Key to the Apetalous Orders * A. Flowers not in aments. •r, l-celled and mostly 1-ovuled, H Xyctaginaeegp Herbs with simple opposite leaves without stipules : * Ovary superior, l-celled and mostly 1-ovuled, or carpels distinct if more than one. SYNOPTICAL KEY ^j^ flowerfl involucrate: calyx oorolla-like : fruit an Hchenc, enctoH«d in the tulw of the calyx and thuu apparently inferior. 76 PolygouiioeaB Herbs or woody plantn with alternate aimple liavt^t with sheathing or on stipules : flowers perfect, on jointed pedicelx, often involucrate : fruit a more or less triangular akene. Phytolaccacen Herbs or shrubs witli alternate leaves : fluwern per* feet, polygamous or moniecious : fruit a berry, or capsular or samiiroiil. Amaranthaeeie Herbs or low shrubs with alternate leaves : flower.'' with petal-like scarioud persistent sepals and bracts: fruit a utriile: seed lenticular. Chenopodiaoen Herbs or shrubs with opposite or alternate nimpli leaves without stipules sometimes leafless : bracts herbaceous : tlowiTii usually with herbaceous persistent sepals : fruit a utricle or achcne. Lanraoeie Trees or shrubs with simple entire leaves without stipulex: flowers perfect : fruit a drupe. Eliea|rnacew Shrubs or small trees with simple opposite leaves : tiow- ers dioicious : fruit drupe-like, enclosed in the calyx-tube and liiiis apparently inferior. IJlmaceae Trees ur shrubs with alternate stipulate leaves and small mostly monoecious or polygamous flowers : fruit a drupe, samara or nut. llrticaeesB Herbs, rarely shrubs or trees with alternate or opposite mostly stipulate simple leaves: often armed with stinging hairs : flowers monoecious or dioecious : fruit an achene. * * Ovary and fruit superior, of 2 or more carpels. Enphorbiaoeae Herbs or shrubs or trees with milky juice, moHily alternate leaves with or without stipules: flowers momecious or dioeci- ous : fruit usually a 3-celled 3-seedea capsule. EmpetracesB Low evergreen shrubs with simple leaves without Htip- ules: flowers dioecious or polygamous: fruit berry-like containing l-several l-seeded nutletp. r » » » Ovary and fruit inferior. Arlstolochlacew Perennial herbs or shrubs with alternate entire pet- ioled leaves : flowers perfect with 3 lobed valvate calyx ; fruit a 6-ceile(l many seeded capsule. Santalaoeie Perennial herbs or shrubs with alternate entire simnlc sessile leaves : flowers perfect, with 3-5-cleft calyx : fruit a l-seedeil nutlet or drupe. Loranthacew Parasitic ^terennial plants with jointed stemu and op- posite entire leaves: flowers dioecious: fruit a l-seeded drupe with glutinous pulp. , ., ., . ■-. ;, B. Trees or shrubs with alternate leaves. Flowers mona'ci ous, at least the staminate in amcnts. * Flowers monoecious; staminate numerous, in aments; pistillate few, with naked ovary. 88 Fagacen Trees or shrubs with entire or lobed leaves with caducous stipules : flowers monoecious in aments, fruit a cup like or closed and spiny involucre enclosing-several nuts. 89 CorylacesB Shrubs or small trees with simple leaves: flowers monue- . cious, staminate in aments, pistillate few in separate scaly buds fruit a 7 acre ac- pely lobed, 1-1 >i inches long, 7-10-flowered: calyx dull red, or whitisu nearly lincheslong, funnelform: fruit ovate-oblong 3-4 lines long, usually abruptly jontracterl near the base, rather strongly 5-angled. On baiTen clayey hill- lides near the Klamath river in California, perhaps in Oregon farther east. NYOTAGINACEiE AliLtONlA ARRONl.V #■: 2 ALLIONIA Loefl. Inter. Hiap. 181 (1758.) Annual or perennial herbs with opposite equal leaves and rather small flowers, involucrate in loose terminal panicles. In- volucre 5-lobed, 3-5- flowered, becoming enlarged and reticulate- veined after flowering. Calyx campanulate, its tube constricted above the ovary, stamens 3-5, usualy 8, unequal, hypogynoas, Fruit obovoid or clavate, strongly ribbed, pubescent in our specie?, A. linearis Pursh Fl. 728. Oxybaphus angustifolia Sweet. Stems slender terete or somewhat 4-angled below glabrous and glaucous, 1-4 feet high, erect, the bi-anches and peduncles sometimes puberulent: leaves thick. linear, 1-nerved, 1-3 inches long, 2-4 lines wide, obtuse or acute sessile, or the lower ones sometimes short-petioled: involucre about 3-flowei- ed, green before flowering: calyx purple longer than the involucre: stamens and style ezserted: fruit commonly roughened between the 5 prominent ribs. In dry roil Idaho to Nevada, Texas and Minnesota. 3 ABRONIA JuBS. Gen. 448. (1774.) Annual or perennial herbs with thick opposite unequal leaves and rather small usually fragrant flowers on axillary and termi- nal peduncles. Involucre of 5-15 distinct somewhat scarious bracts enclosing the numerous sessile flowers. Calyx salverform, the limb of 4 or 5 obcordate or emargiante lobes. Stamens usu- ally 5, unequal, included in the tube and adnate to it. Style included: stigma linear-clavate. Fruit coriaceous or indurated, 8-5-winged, mostly reticulate- veined encloifiing a smooth cylindr- ical achene: embryo with only 1 cotyledon, the other rudimentary or wanting. /. . . * Wings of the fruit coiiaceons, not completely encircling' the body, consisting of a single lamina: the body more or less woody. A* umbellata Lam. Ill, i, 469. A viscidly pubeiiilcnt slender prostrate perennial, the stems often elongated, 1-3 feet long: leaves nearly'glabrous, ovate to naiTOwly oblong, \-\% inches long obtuse, the margin often some what sinuate, attenuate into a slender petiole: peduncle 2~6 inches long: in- 1 volucral bracts small narrowly lanceolate 2-3 lines long, lO-lS-flowered: calyx roBC-colorad: 6-8-lines long with emai'ginate lobes: fruit 4-5 lines long, | nearly glabrous, the body oblong attenuate at each end, the thin wings near- ly as long, rounded, broadest above and often truncate, narro\^ing downward I to the base of the fruit. On sands along the coast, Washington to California. | A. mellifera Dougl. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2879. Minutely viscid glandular: stems stout, prostrate, 1-2 feet long from a stout perennial root: I leaves mostly oblong, obtuse, the blade 1-2 inches long, abruptly and more oi less obliquely contracted at base to a slender petiole often longer than the| blade: peduncles strut, 4-8 inches long: in volucral bracts usually 5, scarious, broadly lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 6 line& long or more, flower;; puiei white, about an inch long, the limb 4-6 lines in diameter; wings of the fruit narrow, often laterally elongated. On sandy banks along the Colunibi«| river, eastern Oregon and Washington. * • Fruit wholly coriaceous and the central cavity extend ingthrougli the wings. A. latlfolia Eschschaltz Mem. Acad. Petersb. x, 281. Stems Htoutl ABRONIA POLYGONAOE^ 567 and fleshy, prostrate ^'ery viscid-pubescent 1-3 feet long, from a long fleshy perennial root: leaves chick, broadly ovate to reniform6-18 lines long, obtuse, onphort thick petioles: peduncles usiially exceeding the leaves: bracts uf the involucre 5, rounded to ov8t« or oblong 2-4 inches long: flowere numer- ous 5-6 lines long bright yellow, ve'-y fragrant, the lobes emarginate: fruit 4-6 lines long, coriaceous, acute at each end, the wings more or less unequally developed, usually nari'ow. On sand- banks along the coast, Vancouver Island to California, A. fragrans Nutt. Hook. Kew Jouru. Bot. v, 261. More or less vis- eid-puberulent: stems several, from a perennial root, herbaceous, 6-20 inches high, erect or ascending, usually* much branched: leaves oblong or ovate, 1-3 inches long, truncate, more or less cuneateat base, obtuse to acute: peduncles mostly solitary: bracts of the involucre large, broadly ovate, white and soari- ous 4-9 lines long: flowers white, veiy numerous in the involucres, 5-10 lines long, opening at night: fruit 3-6 lines lorg. coriaceous, with naiTow undulate wings which do not close over the ovaiy; In dry soil eastern Washington to Iowa. Order LXXV POLYGONACEiE Lindl, Nat. Syst. 211. Herbs .^hrubs or trees with jointed stems, watery, often acid or acrid, juice, alternate, opposite or whorled simple mostly en- tire leaves with sheathing united stipules and regular perfect, dioecious, monoecious or polygamous flowers. Calyx free from the ovary, 2-6-cleft or 2-6-parted, the segments or sepals more or less imbricated, often petal-like stamens 2-9, inserted near the base of the calyx, or in staminate flowers crowded toward the center. Ovary superior, 1-celled, with 'a solitary erect or pendulous orthotropous ovule. Style 2-3-cleft or 2~4-parted, sometimes very short stigma, capitate or tufted, rarely 2-cleft. Fruit a lenticular 3-angled or raroly 4-angled achene, usually invested by the persistent calyx. Embryo straight or curved in mealy albumen. Tribe i Herbs or somewhat shrubby plants. Flowers involucrate. 1 Eriogonnm Involucre several-flowered with 4-8, pointless teeth : flow- ers exserted: stamens 9: achenes mostly 3-angled. 2 Oxytheca Involucre few-flowered, herbaceous, with 3-5 straight acute or awned lobes: flowers on exserted pedicels, pubescent: stamens 9: achenes lenticular. 3 Chorizanthe Involucre 1-3-flowered, coriaceous or chartaceous, 3-6 angled, with 3-6 cuspidate often hooked teeth and sometimes as many cuspidate divaricate spurs at base : flowers usually included : stamens 3, 6 or 9 : achenes 3-angled. 4 Pterostegla Slender annuals with opposite toothed or^lobed leaves : involucre bract-like, with a solitary included flower. Tribe ii Herbs with alternate leaves and scarious sheathing stipules. Flowers not involucrate. h Polygonnm Sepals 4-6, equal, appressed to the triangular ur lenticu- lar achene: styles 2 or 3: stigmas capitate. . ■ i i ? >^ *„ ,1. h i^^^ POLYGONACEiE KRIOGONITM 6 Rnmex SepalsB, the outer spreading, the inner enlarged and appress- ed to the triangular achene: stigmas 3, tufted. 7 Oxyria Sepals 4, the'outer smaller and spreading: stigmatj 2, tufted: achenes orbicular, winged. Tribe 1 Eriogonese Meianer PI. Vas. Gen. 229, as Order. Hcrk or shrubby plants with alter7iate or verticillate leaves without stipules. Flowers involucrate, 3-6-parted or S-6-lobed. Stamens 9. Styles 3, mth capitate stigmas. Juice nea rly tasteless. 1 ERIOGONUM Michx. Fl. 1246. (1803.) Annual or perennial acaulescent or leafy- stemmed herbs or shrubs with entire alternate opposite or whorled leaves and small, perfect flowers on jointed pedicels subtended by an involucre in panicles racemes heads or umbels. Involucre oampanulate top-shaped or almost'cylindrical, 5-8- toothed or o-8 cleft, the teeth pointless. Calyx]|6- cleft or 5-parted, usually colored, the segments equal or the outer ones larger. Stamens 9, with filiform filaments and oblong anther. Style 3-parted, stigmas capitate. FruitaS-jingled pyramidal^achene invested by the calyx-segments, or winged. § 1 Involucre not nerved or angled, 4-8-toothed or lobed, more or less broadly turbinate: bracts foliaceous, indefinite in number. * Perennials, more or less tomcutosc or rarely glabrous, with pedun- cles naked and scape-like, or veiticillate-bracteate in the middle: bracts mostly conspicuous: involucres 5-8-toothed or 5-8cleft, in a simple or compound umbel or solitary: flowers mostly attenuate to a stipe-like base: acheues glabrous or nearly so. = i msv"' ;" ■. E. flavnm Nutt. Fras. Gat. (1813.) White-tomeutose throughout: stems very short and thick, simple] and solitary to tufted and creeping, woody: scapes 2-12 inches high: leaves ^crowded on the short stems, limear-obloni! to lanceolate,^l-3 inches longjnarrowed into petioles with dilated and imbr- icated base inflorescence regulaily umbellate: involucre top-shaped. 2-23'o lines long: bracts spatulate, foliaceous: calyx yellow 3 lines high, top-shaped, very villous, the segments obovate: stamens and style-branches exserted acheues constrioted^at the middle, 2 lines long, villous at the summit the angles undulate, the faces swollen, Dry plains eastern Washington to Arizona and Nebitiska. £. Piperi Greene. " Densely tufted on a stout woody caudex: stems erect, leaness tomentose, 5-10 inches tall: leaves all basal, lanceolate or oblanceolate, acute or obtuse, densely hairy beneath, green and less hairy above, 1-2 inches long, attenuate into a usually shorter petiole: umbels ■everal-rayed, simple, or contracted into a dense cluster : bracts 3-8, oblan- ceolate, 1-lK inches long: involucre short- toothed, villous: flowers yellow, 2-3 lines long. Summit of Gedar Mountain, Washington. Hardly distinct fromlE.lflavumlNutt.^" Piper & Kent in Palouse Flora, 50. E.f androsacenm'" Benth. Dwarf/jperennial: tomentose throughout or smoother above: caudex branching: leaves oblanceolate or spatulate, white- woolly beneath, glabrate above: 8cape8^-3.,inche8 high, simple: umbel simple or subcapitate, 4-7- rayed: rays' shortfand slender: teeth of the involucre short, erect or nearly so:flower8 sparingly villous, yellow, 2-3 lines long, short attenuate. On the high mountidns of eastern Washington to Brit. Columbia . EBIOGONUM P T.YGONACEiE 669 E. pjroliefolilim Hook. «>v«r Journ. Bet. v, 305, t. 10. Caudex short and thick, sparingly branched: leaves thick, glabrous, round-obovate to oblong, ;}-9 Hues broad, mostly, abiiiptly attenuate into a short petiole, broad and villous at base: scapes smooth, 2-3 inches high, bearing a 2-bracteate umbel of 1-4 very shortly pedicellate sinuately- toothed nd villous involucres: tiowers yellow, slightly villous at base, short-attenuate. On the high mountains Washington to California. Var. coryphiBnm T. & G. More tomentose, with narrower leaves and smaller flowers. On the high peaks of the Cascade Mountains. E. tliymoides Benth. A much branched underehrub 3-10 inches high; leaves linear to spatulate with revohitc margins, 2-5 lines long, white- wooliy: peduncles slender, 1-2 inches high, bearing a whorl of linear braots below the middle and a solitary, several-flowered involucre at the summit: involucre 3-4 lines high deeply cleft, the lobes spreading or recurved at the tip: calyx attenuate and densely retrorse villous at base, 2-3 lines long, the segments glabrous above, pink to pui'plish, broad and rounded at the apex. In sterile rocky places on top of hi^;h hills, eastern Oregon and Washington. E. csespitosum Nutt. Journ. Acad. Philad. vii, 50, t. 8. A densely branched undershrub: stems 2-4 inches long depressed or ascending, the bi'anclies usually crowded with leaves: leaves ovate -spatulate to oblong, 2-P lines long, densely white-woolly, crowded on the short branchlets: peduncles scape-like 1-3 inches long, slender naked: bearing a single several-flowered involucre: lol)es of the involucre linear-oblong, as long as the turbinate tube, k'coming reflexed: flowers yellow, often tinged Avith pm'ple.pubescent, IM-S lines long, the base stipe-like, the lobes oblong-oval. On dry ridges, south- 1 eastern Oregon to Nevada. . , . , . .,. i. , , ; *. i / , . E. Douglasii Benth. in DC Prodr. xiv, 9. Shrubby and rather loose- Ij branched at base; 4-10 inches high: leaves spatulate to linear-lanceolate alternate below to a petiole white-tomentose below, pubescent above, 6-14 lines long; peduncles rather stout, 2-6 inches long, with a whorl of oblance- olate leaves in the middle and a single many-flowered involucre: flowers'yel- low pubescent outside, about 3 lines long. In the Blue Mountains of Oregon to California. E. sphKrocephalnm Dougl. Benth. 1. c. Shrubby and loosely bran- rhed below, 6-10 inches high; leaves lanceolate to spatulate 6-14 lines long tapering below to a distinct petiole, often with revolute margins, densely wbite-woolly below, pubescent but green above; peduncles 2-6 inches long with u whorl of lanceolate leaves usually above the middle and a single many- liowered involucre; outer flowers reflexed, thus forming a denseround head, yellow or tinged,nAvith red orpui-ple, pubescent outside, abort 3 lines long itlie oblong Io'dcs longer than the stipe-like base. On barren idges, eastern I Washington to California. ;,(„ j,,t»'> ? S. tenne Small Bull. Torr. Bot. Club xxv. 41. SteOJfl loosely bran- Iching, 3-5 inches long, slender, shrubby at base: leaves crowded at the lends of the branches, linear or nearly so, 6-12 lines long, the margins rev- joiute, thinly tomentose: peduncles erect, 3-5 inches high, bearing a jwhorl of leaves in the middle and a single terminal involucre: lobes of the jinvolucre linear oblanceolate, obtuse, shorter than the turbinate tube, Ispreaiiing or reflexed : flowers paleji yellow, glabrous, about S lines long Inarrowed below to a stipe-like base, its segments unequal, the outer ones loblong-obovate, notched at the apex, the inner ones spatulate, erose at the ppex. In dry sterile^ rocky places .along the Columbia river, eastern |Oregon and Washington. E< aln^eIlataIn Torr. Ann Lye. N. Y. 241 Stems depressed and 670 POLYGONACEiE ERIOtiONI \| shrubby below, much branched: leaves oblong- to obovate-spatulatc, 1-2 inches long, on slender petioles, white-tomentose below, f;reen and glab- rate above: peduncles 6-16 inches high, naked, bearing asimp]eun)})elof 3-10 naked rays subtended by a whorl of leaves : involucres deeplj? lobed, the lobes shorter tlan the turbinate tube: flowers yellow or yellowish, 2-3 lines long, glabrous. Dry ridges, Oregon to California and the Kocivy Mountains. E. Tollllleanum Hook. Fl. 134. E. umhellatum rar. munocephalmu T. & O. Branches short and depressed, shrubby below, denoly cespitose: leaves ovate, 3 lines long, narrowed to short petioles, glabrate above: peduncles 2-4 inches high, bearing a whorl of leaves above the middle ami a single large globose head of one or more small involucres : flowers yellow, the base abruptly narrowed and stipiform. High mountains, Washington to California. E. montannm. Stems depressed and diffusely much branching, 6-10 inches long shrubby and rooting at the nodes : leaves obovate to oblong, often acute, short-petioled, 3-6 lines long, whiter tomentose beneath, green and glabrate above: peduncles 1-3 inches long, naked bearing a simple um- bel of 3-10 short naked 'rays subtended by a whorl of leaves : involucres loosely woolly the linear lobes longer than the turbinate tube : flowers yellow, about 2 lines long, gradually attenuate to a stipe-like base, ^labrouB, On the highest peaks of the Casca()e Mountains. E. crocenm Small Bull. Torr. Bot. Club xxv, 43. Shrubby and spreading below 4-12 inches long, the branches often tufted leaves cluster ed at the ends of the shoots, oval or orbicular- oval, 6-9 lines lone obtuse tomentose or glabrate above, abruptly narrowed to a stout petiole shorter or longer than the blade : peduncles erect, 4-8 inches high, usually naked except a bract near the middle, bearing a compound umbel subtended by a whorl of leaves: involucres thinly tomentose, the somewhat lanceolate ac- ute lobes longer than the broadly turbinate tube : flowers golden yellow, about 3 lines long, narrowed into a long etipe-like base. In the mountains of eastern Oregon and Idaho.- E ternatnm. Stems short and densely cespitose, woody, 1-2 inches long, densely leafy : leaves obovate to spatulate or oblong, obtuse, narrowed below to a short winged petiole, densely white. tomentose both sides when young, becoming green and glabrous above, 6-10 lines long: scapes 4-11' inches high, densely floccose with white wool when young, becoming Klabr rate in age, bearing a 4-rayed umbel subtended by a whorl of linear bracts otherwise naked : central ray short, with a single naked involucre, the other 3 longer, with 1-3 involucres subtended by linear bracts: involucres some- what fuunelform, about 6 lines high, tomentose, few-flowered, the short erect teeth less than a line long: sepals yellow, a line long, oval to obovate. On gravelly bars along streams near Waldo, southern Oregon. E. stellatnm Bentb. Tans, Linn. Soc. xvii, 4C9. More or less tomen- tose : stems diffuse and leafy :leaves ovate-spatulate to oblanceolate : pedu- ncle naked, 6-12 inches high, bearing an umbel of 2-4 mostly elon;,'ated rays which are usually and often repeatedly divided in a cymose manner, the nodes and lateral rays all leafy-bracted: flowers yellow, about 3 lines I lon§^, the base attenuate and stipe-like. In the mountains, Oregon tu | California. Yar. bahiieforme Watson Proc. Am. -cad. zii, 257. Leaves most- ly small, often densely tomentose both sides: umbel very compound. With the type. E. heraeleoides Nutt. Stems short and woody at base : leaves narrowly I oblanceolate with revolute margins densely tomentose beneath somewhat lOGONI M KRIpQONUM POLYGONACEiE 671 glabrate above : peduncleH stout 6-12 inches high with a whorl of leaves near the middle umbel 1-11-rayed, sometimes simple, iiuually with some or all of the rays once or rarely twice divided : flowers yellow or whitish, glabrous, about 3 lines long. On dry plains, eastern Washington to Nevada and Utati. £. compositam Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc .xvii. 409. Stems decumbent or ascending, 4-10inche8 long, somewhat woody : leaves oblong-ovate, acute or acutish, 1-3 inches long, cordate at base on petioles 2-8 inches long, den- sely white-tomentose beneath, green and floccu lent above: peduncles stout, naked,6-18 inches high, nearly glabrous: umbel of 6-10 more or less elonga- ted rays, each bearing a short several-rayed umbellet, subtended by whorls of linear-oblanceolate leaflets: flowers yellow to whitish or rose-color, 2-4 lines long, the st^te-like base short. On rocky banks, Brit. Columbia to California and Idaho. * * Densely tonoentose perennials with naked pe luncles : involucres with 5 short erect teeth: flowers small abruptly narrowed at base, pubescent: achenes densely villous. E. acanle Nutt. T A G. Proc. Am. Acad, viii, 163. White-tomentose and matted cespitose : leaves densely crowded upon the closely branched caudex, oblong to linear with revclute margins, sessile, 2-3 lines long, spreading from the imbricated base : involucres in beadw of 1-5, among the uppermost leaves, nearly sessile short, 3-5-toothed : flowers with broad sessile base, hardly 2 lines long, the oblong segments equal : filamemts pilose at baser ovary very tomentose with long wool. Sandy hills, Idaho to the Kocky Mountains. E. miniinnm Small Bull. Torr, Fot. Club xxv, 47. Gray-can escent : branches densely tufted, about 6 lineH long: leaves densely imbricated and crowded, the persistent ones of previous years black, the fresh ones gray, spatulate, or almost terete by the strongly revolute margins, obtuse, dilat- ed at base : peduncles erect, 1-3 lines high, simple: involucres solitary, turbinate-campanulate a little more than a line high: flowers 1-2 lines long, the segments unequal, the 3 outer oval, the 3 inner obovate, all obtuse : filaments villous at base. At high elevations in the Cascade Mountains of Washington. E. pendvlum Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xxiii, 265. White-tomentose throughout : stems woody at base 1-2 feet high profusely branched : leaves scattered, oblong-oblanceolate, 1-3 inches long, obtuse, subglabrate above : inflorescence several timesdi-ortrichotomous upon naked peduncles: pedi- cels mostly elongated and naked : involucres at nrst nodding, campanulate, about 2 lines long, its deltoid teeth erect : flowers very small, densely tom- entose, slightly exserted. On dry rocky plains, eastern base of the Coast Mountains near Waldo, Oregon. § 2 Involucres campanulate or short turbinate, not angled or nerved, with 5 rounded erect teeth, pedunculate in diffuse repeat- edly di- or trichotomous panicles: bracts not foliaceous, all tern- ate, small, mostly trianglar and rigid: flowers not alternate at base : ovary glabrous. * Annuals : leaves all radical or nearly so : involucres flowers and achenes small. E. cernnum Nutt. Journ. ^cad. Phila. Ser. 2, 1 162. Stem very short : scape erect, usually much branched. 6 12 inches hij^h : leaves orbicular or oblong-orbicular, less than an inch long obtuse or slightly apiculate. flat, floccose-tomentose, especially beneath, petioled : inflorescence paniculate : involucres campanulate, slightly more than half a line high solitary on Ixpef %v <>", CrOMf C' 1 ^ I i i 572 rOLYGONACE^. BRIOUONCM slender dcflexed pedicels an inch lone or leas, 5-cleft to near the middle: flowers whitish, pampanulate, half a line long, fiddle-shape. On dry plaiiiB, eastern Oregon to Nebraska and New Mexico. * * Annuals, branching from the base, with leaves developed tit the nodes in the axils of ordinary triangular bracts: flowers minutely glandular. E. aniralosam Bentb. Trans. Linn. Soc. xvii, 406, t. 18. Floccosc- woolly, or at length glabrate: stem erect, 4-12 inches hi^h, leafy, branch- ing into a repeatedly di-or trichotomous panicle ; the branches acutely 4-6 angled : radical leaves spatulate or rounded, the cauline oblong-linear to lanceolate : pedicels 6-12 lines long, widely spreading: involucres sliort- campanulate or hemispherical, minutely glandular or almost smooth, soli- tary,niany-flowered, f>-toothed becoming dilated in fruit : flowers very obtuse at base* a line long, or short pedicels, rose-color or white, deeply 5-paried, the outer segimenU ovate, the inner at length longer, lanceolate-obhjiig. Eastern Oregon to Californiarand Utah. * * * Tall stout white-tomentose annualp, with leafy simple sterna, naked above: inflorescence cymose: involucres turbinate -campanulate, shortly pedicelled : flowers white, nearly glabrous : Eepals very unequal. E. aDunnm Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Ser. 2. v, 164. Flowers tomentose throughout: stem 1-3 feet high, leafy below: leaves oblong-lanc- eolate or oblanceolate, narrowed at base to a petiole, the margins somewhat revoluteor crisped: involucres turbinate 1-1)^ lines long secund, erect, 5 toothed : calyx ^-1 line long, the segments obovate. On dry plains Idalio to Nebraska and Texas. § 3 Involucres cylindric-turbinate, more or less strongly ')-!; nerved, often becoming costate or angled, with as many short erect teeth, mostly sessile in heads or clusters, scattered in cymes or along virgate panicled branches, always erect, 1-8 lines long: bracts ternate, connate at base, usually short, acute and more or less rigid : flowers not attenuate at base : achenes usually glabrous. * Ceepitose densely tomentose perennials with short closely brancli- ed caudex : involucres a single head or short cymose umbel on the naked peduncle : outer sepals broad and somewhat cordate, the inner much narrower : ovary scabrous above. E* ovalifolinm Nutt. Journ. Philad. Acad, vii, 50, t. 8. Densely white-tomentose and silvery: stems very short and deprcssed-cespitosc, perennial ; leaves broadly oval or oblong, the blade 3-10 lines long, acutish, abruptly narrowed to along slender petiole, crowded upon the numerous short branches : scapes 3-9 inches high simple, naked. bearing a single head of 3-8 closely sesEile 5-8 toothed involucres: calyx very glabrous, yellow or rose-color, becoming thin and scarious, after flowering, the segments verv unequal, the outer very broadly oval, cordate at base: the inner spatulate, emarginate. On dry hillsides, easterniBrit. Columbia to California and the Rocky Mountains. Yar. prolifernm Watson Froc. Am. Acad, xii, 63. Larger than the type, the involucres loosely cymose-umbellate. With the type. E. vineum* Small Bull. Torr. Bot. Club xxv, 45. Closely white-tomon- tose up to the inflorescence : perennial from a stout tap-root: stems branch- ing, the branches tufted, clothed with the persistent leaf bases: leaves crowded, the blades suborbicular or broadly oval, 3-5 lines long obtufe or rounded at the apex, abruptly narrowed or truncate at base: on petiol es often as long as the blade : scapes erect, 1-4 inches long, simple : involucre s lOGO UM POLYGONACE^ 678 4-6, in terminal heads, 3-4 lines high, angled, contracted, near the ton : flowers wine-red, at length 3-lines long: its segments very unequal, the 3outerovate> with cordate base; the inner spatulate. Eastern Oregon to California. E. dtchotomaiii Dougl. Benth. in DC. Prodr. xiv, U. Densely white- tomentose below : stems short but somewhat diffuse and depressed, leafy : leaves oblong or oblanceolate. acute at each end, an inch or two long, on slender petioles : peduncles rather short 6-18 incheshigh, bearing a 3-rayed umbel tne somewhat erect rays sparingly di- or trichotomous : involucre ugnally solitary tomentose, about 3 lines long, strongly toothed : flowers white to rose-red 1)^-2 lines long, the outer segments broadly elliptical, the inner linear-spatulate. On dry rocky hills eastern Washington to California. - -- . ..■. m- -of-itau'Viw,: -■>■.-■ '...-. E. nlreum Dougl. Densely white- tomentose below: sterna rather few > short and depressed : leaves oblong 6-12 lines long, petioled : bcapes 4-10 inches high, bearing a 3-rayed umbel : involucres usually solitary, tcjmento- 96, about 2 lines high, with some or all of the teeth produced and often recurved: flowers white or rose color, its outer segments round-oval, the inner obovate-spatulate. On dry rocky hillsides, eastern Oregon and Washington to Idaho. »* Flowers narrower at 1 ase, the sepals similar and nearly equal : achenes smooth or nearly so. •*- Perennials with short branched caudex, naked pedunclef; and capitate involucres. pine Densely white- tomentose, dwarf and cespitose, alpine or subal- heads solitary. E, panclfloram Pursh Fl. 735, Stems very short, loosely tufted, cov- ered with the dilated bases of the petioles : leaves linear or linear-spatulate, 1-3 inches long, with revolute margins, glabrous, or sparingly pubescent above, white-tomentose or cottony beneath, narrowed into slender petioles: peduncles 2-6 inches I high : involucres 4-10, in a capitate cluster, 5- toothed, the teeth obtuse, more or less reflexed : flower white, campanulate, 1>2 lines long, its segments ovate.. On dry plains, eastern Oregon to Neb E. innlticeps Nees Max. Beis. N. A. ii, 446. Stems short, tufted, much branched, sometimes f^everal inches long: leaves spatulate 6-2U lines long, numerous, obtuse at the apex, narrowed below into petioles : po unc- les 1-5 inches high : involucres 3-12, in a capitate cluster, sessile, l^g lines long, 5-6 toothed, the teeth acute: flowers white or rose-color, l>2-2 lines long, campanulate, somewhat villous, the segments cuneate, obtuse or emarginate. On dry plains, Idaho to Nebraska. •••• «* Peduncles mostly tall and stout, from a sparingly branched caudex: heads solitary or few, in a long-joiuted subiimbellate cyme. E. nndnni Dougl. Bentn. Trans. Linn. Soc. xvii, 413. ? Stems short and loosely branched 1-2 inches long : leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, the blade 1-3 mches long, obtuse or acutish at the apex, rounded, truncate or cordate at base, green and glabrate above, densely white-tomentose be- neath, on petioles 2-6 inches long: peduncles rather slender 1-2 feet high, Aomewbat tomentose : inflorescence a compound umbel : involucres tomen- tose, campanulate about 2 lines long its triangular teeth erect : flowers yel- low to reddish, glabrous about 1% lines long, its segments elliptical, round eilat the apex. On dry hillsidts, southwestern Oregon to California. £. elatam. Dougl. Acaule6cent:leaveBall inarosulate tuft, ovate-ob I long or Bublanceolate, narrowed into petioles, rarely subhastate orsubco date at base, the margins usually undulate, green and glabrate above ver hoftlyvillous-pubescent, or almost velvety beneath, on long slender pet 874 POLYGONAOEiE KBIOaONUM I ■ t oleB : peduncles 1-4 feet high, rigid and rutih-like : InMorescence a very dif- fuse panicle : involucres glabrate, or glabrous, few, cylindrical or tiirbin- ate-campanulate, repandly 5-toothed many-flowered, gathered in heads or clusters, sometimes only io pairs, or solitary in the forks: flowers white or rose-color a little hairy 'at bace the se^mentu ovate-oblong, nearly equal, On barren rocky places, eastern Washington to California. •*- ■*- Leaves not fascided : bracts small very rarely foliaceous below : involucres mostly solitary in a repeatedly di- or tricnotomous corymb- like cyme. ■"■ Perennials, woody and diffusely much branched, leafy below. £. mtcrothecnm Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. ser. 2, t, 172. More or \m floccose-tomentose throushout: stems erect or ascending, branching, especially from the base, 6-12 incheei high : leaves oblong or oblanceolate, obtuse at the apex, narrowed into short petioles, 6-12 lines long, the upper bract-like: infloreBcence componndl}^ cymose: involucres turbinate \% lines long: flowers yeUow, pink or white, campanulate, at length constrict- ed near the middle. Eastern Washington to California and Nebraska. £. corymbosum Benth. in DC. Prodr. xiv, 17. Deneelv floccose-to nientose throughout : stems erect, branched 6-12 inches high : leaves oblong, obtuse at the apex, narrowed at base, petioled, 6-18 lines long, their margins more or less crisp: infloreucence compoundly cymose : involucres short-cam- panulate, S-toothed, about 1 % lines long, tHe teeth subacute flowers broadly campanulate, 1-lK lines long, constricted near the middle, the segments fiddle-shaped, emarginate, the j inner ones shorter than the outer ones. Eastern Washington to Nevat^a and Kansas. ■M- *♦ Perennial : less woody and more shortly branched at base : leaves mostly narrow : sepals nearly equal. E. campannlatnm Nutt. 1. c. 163. Stems short, thick and woody more or less tomentose: leaves crowded, narrowly oblanceolate, spatulate or nearly linear, 1-3 inches long, obtuse at the apex, narrowed into long petioles, white- tomentose on li^th sides, the marains sometimes revolute: peduncles erect or nearly so, glabrous, 4-12 inches high : inflorescences com- poundly cymose : involucres oblong-turbinate, about a line long, with 5 obtuse teeth : flowers yellow, ovoid-campanulate, about a line long, the segments oblong or fiddle-shaped, emarginate. Eastern Oregon to Nebraska ■*-•*■•*- Involucres sessile and solitary along the ascending and usually long-virgate branches of the open naked panicle: flowers glabrous. ** White- tomentose perennials, leafy below: panicles sparingly branched, usually virgate: involucres tomentose, the teetb not margined. E. gtrlctum Benth. Branches very short: Jeaves small, ovate to oblan- ceolate, on long slender petioles : peduncles very slender, glabrate above: panicle twice or thrice divided, with 1-3 involucres on the short branches: involucres glabrate, 1% lines long: flowers white to rose-color, \% 'in^^ I long. Invthe Blue Mountains of Oregon. ** ** Annuals : leaves usually roeulate at the base, sometimes occuring at the nodes. E. virgatnm Benth. in DC. Prodr. xiv, 16. Usuivlly white-tomentose I throughout: leaves oblong, an inch long, on slender petioles: peduncles simple, or with a few erect virgate branches, 1-2 feet high : involucres re- mote, 2 lines long, tomentose, the 5 teeth very short : flowers a line long i^se-color to white or yellow, glabrous, outer segments broadly ovate, cuneately narrowed at base, the inner about as long, spatulate- oblong. In I OZTTHBCA CHORIZANTHK POLYGONAOEiE 575 gravelly bars along rivors Southern Oregon to California. E. Tlmlneam Dougl. Benth. Trans. Linn. Hoc. rvii, 41(3. LeaveH orbicular to broadly ovate, 3-10 lines broad, the ni".:gin8 often undulate, loosely floccose-woolly above, densely white*tomentoBc beneath, on slender petioles about as long as the blade : peduncles usuallv diffusely and repeat' ediy branching from near the base, 6-20 inches high : invohicres narrow and rather prismatic, 1}-^ lines long, the te^th very short: flowers rose- colo' or yellowish, about a line long, outer segments obovate, the inner only half as broad. On dry plains, Brit. Columbia to California <;ast of the Cascade Mountains. £• Balleyl Watson Proc. Am. Acad, x, 348. Leaver orbicular to broadly ovate, 3-6 lines broad, white-tomentose both si'^ea, petioled: pe- duncles diffusely branched 6-12 inches hieh, wholly fiabrous: involucreH narrow, a line or less long, open at the throat, the teeth obtuse : flowers oinkish-white, less than a Tine long. Dry plains eastern Washington to Nevada and California. 2 OXYTHECA Nutt. PI. Gambl. 169. Slender repeatedly dichotomously branched imnuals with tht> leaves all in a rosulate tuft and small involucrate flowers. Involu- cres few-flowered, more or less pedicellate, campanulate or turbin- ate, herbaceous and not reticulated, 3-r>-cleft, the erect or spreading lobes mostly term* lated by straight slender awns. Flowers perfect ; calyx (j-parted, colored, enclosing the achene: the more or less ex- serted pedicels intermixed with bracts or bractlets. Acher.e, so far as known, ovate-lenticular, the elongated radical accumbent upon the rounded cotyledons. 0* dendroidea Nutt. 1. c. Leaves linear-oblanceolate, hirsute, 6-18 lines long acute : scape-like stem usually 6-12 inches high very slender iif- fuBe and much branched frum near the base, or stouter and less branched : bracts unequal, without awns, linear-oblong to linear, or oblong-ovate in the ftouter lorms, the lower half-inch long or lejas. the upper much smaller, all more or less united at base : involucres turbinate, 1-3 lines long, un- equally 3-4-lobed, rather fleshy, acutely axlimed, those in the forks on slender pedicelH 1-4 lines long, the others nore nearly sessile flowers light rose-color, half a line long, outer segments obovate. the inner narrower and shorter. On dry hillsides, southeastern Oregon to Wyoming and Nevada. ^ . t •; . 3 CHORIZANTHE R. Br. Low dichotomously branched plants with the leaves mostly in a rosulate radical tuft, and small flowers in small involucrate heads. Involucres tubular or funnelform, sessile, 2-6-angled or costate, and 2-6-toothed or cleft, the divisions more or less divari- cate and terminating in cusps or rigid, often uncinate, awns. Flowers 1-3 in the involucre more or less exserted. Calyx 0-parted or 6«cleft. Stamens 3, or 2, inserted on the base or more or less ad- nate to the tube of the calyx, rarely on its throat. Styles linear, with capitate stigmas. Achenes triangular beaked. Embryo with inflexed or straight radicle. Ours all annuals. C. membranacea Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. xvii, 416, 1. 17. Lanosely pubescent when young, glabra te in age: stems erect, 6-18 inches high, sparingly branched alxtve : radical and lower cauline leaves linear, obtuse, I: ■4 576 POLYOONACE-*) PTKRMTROIA POLYOONOM forming irregular whoria at the lower joints: involucres in the lower iixil» few, without scurious margins, the upper in condensed capitate heads, with equal broadly expanded scurious winged divisions, reflexed, rotate and tipped with a slender uncinate awn, the i\^\^e ribbed and protuberant below flowers 2-3, one with long pedicel partly exserted, the others undevolo|)e(l: flowers short tubular, hairy outside, the segments oblong, equal : stamens. at the base. On rocky foothills southern Oregon to California. i). Watsoiii T. &, (i. Proc. Am. Acad, viii, 199. Canescently pul>e8rent throughout : stem erect or ascending* 1-4 inches long, branching from the base: radical leaves narrowly' oblanceolate to spatulate, 6-10 lines lone, narrowed to a petiole with ddated base, the margins revolute, denaely tomentosc beneath ; lower cauline similar, but smaller and uncinatelv awned, passing above into opposite uncinate-tipped bracts: involucres clustered on the upper branches, narrow, inconspicuously costate, unequ- ally 5-lobed, one 8-4 times as long as the others, all uncinate tipi^d: flowers solitary, slender-pedicelled, included or partly exserted, the seg- ments oblong, acute, pubescent outside : stamens inserted on the throat of the calyx : achenes oolong-triangular. On desert diHtricts, southeastern Oregon to Nevada and California 4 PTEROSTE(ilA F. <<: M. Ind. Sem. Petr. ii, 48. ' Very slender and weak diffusely and dichotomously branched annuals with opposite t^ntire or 2-lobed leaves ;ind small flowers solitary in t'oliaceous sessile involucres in the forks of the bran- ches. Involucre of a single bract, subtending and shorter than the sessile flower, rounded find more or less 2-lobed, at length be- coming enlarged, scaiious and reticulated, loosely enveloping the achene, and gibbously 2-saccate on the back. Calyx S-G-parted, the segments ecjunl. Stamens inserted at the base of the seg- ments, as many or fewer. Achene triangular, glabrous. Cotyle- dons rounded, accumbent upon the radicle. P. drjmarioides F. & M. 1. c. Sparingly hirsute : sterna decuml^nt. often 1-2 feet long: lower leaves petioled, 2-ti lines broad, fan-shapedt 2- lobed, the lobes crenately toothed or again lobedj upper leaves obovate to spatulate, entire or toothed : bracts similar, aline long: involucres very small, becoming 1-1)^ lines long in fruit, somewhat 2-lobed, the margins toothed or laciniate: Howers yellowish the segments oblong-lanceolate. Hillsides and dry places,' from the Columbia river to Lower California. Tribe S Polygonncex Endl. Gen. SOI. Herbs with alternate haves and scarious sheathing stiptdes. Flowers without involucre. S-6-parted. Stamens mostly 4-8. Styles 2 or H. Juice usually pungent., acrid or acid. ./ ^ ' ?!;iiii- ' M, .< ,-,, ..... 5 POLYGONUM L. Sp. 359. \ '^' ' Annual or perennial plants with jointed stems, alternate leavos scarious sheathing stipules, called ocrese, and small normally perfect flowers in spikes, racemes or panicles. Calyx 4-6-parte(i, or 4-()-cleft, the outer sepals or segments somewhat longer than the inner. Stamens 3-9, included or exserted; filaments filiform, or dilated at base, glabrous. Style 2-3-cleft or 2-3-parted, witli capitate stigmas. Achenes lenticular or 3-angled, rarely 4-angled, invested by or exceeding the persistent calyx. Embryo near the I'OLYOONOM POLYGONACEiE tn end of the seed in one of its angles, Cotyledons foliaceous, slen- der, iiccumbent or ineumbent. Si B(iEN!s I BisTOBTA Mcisii. Polygon. aO. Pereiininl by a bulli-liko creepinj? or horizontal rootstoek. L(?avcs radical and cauline:ocreae membranaceous, cylindrical, naked, open, obli(|ue at the summit. Inflorescence a single terminal spicate raceme. Flowers subtended by usually toothe-25 inches lonfr, slender, eimplo: radical leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 5-10 inches long, 3-18 lines broad, attenuate at bat-e to a petiole 1-10 inches long, the midrib rather broad and conspicuous on both sides; cauline leaves mostly lan- ceolate, sessile or nearly so, sub'^ordate, arising from near the summit of the ocreae, all often with revoiute margins and conspicuously nerved: I ocreae entire or nomewhat broken about the oblique open summit, closely clnsjiing the stem: raceme oblong, 6-30 lines long, densely flowered, not balblet-bearing below : calyx about 2 lines long, light rose to white, 5-part- ed, the segments oblong, faintly nerved. Subalpine and alpine parts of I the Cascade and Rocky Mo!intain»>, California to the Arctic regions. P. vlviparuni L. Sp. 3(i0. Glabrous and more or less glaucous except I the under surface of the leaves : stems rather slender, erect, 6-18 inches hi|{h, simple: radical leaves ovate or oblong and subcordate to linear-lan- ceolate and attenuate at base, the blade 1-3 inches long, on petioles as long I or longer; cauline leaves lanceolate to linear: ocreae )^-3 inches lon^, slightly enlarged at the obliquely opened summit: raceme narrowly cylin- (iric, 1-3 inches long, rather densely flowered above, bearing a number of lovoid-conic bulblets at base: calyx about a line long, rose-color to white, Is-parted to near the base, the ovate or obovate segments 3-nerved. South - |ern Oregon to Alaska and the Atlantic States. Subgenus ii A(ONO(ionon Meisn. Monogr. T);}, Perennial by lamore or less elongated creeping or horizontal rootstoek. Leaves horaewhat fleshy or coriaceous. Ocreae funnelform, membrana- Iceous, oblique, naked. Inflorescence consisting of terminal clus- Iters, racemes or paniculate racemes: flowers subtent^d by ocreolae. ICalyx 5-parted. Stamens H. Style o-cleft. Achenes triangular. jCotyledons accumbent. P. alplnnm Allioni Fl. Pedini. ii, 206, t. 68. Bright green and glab- Iroua or slightly pubescent throughout: stems stout, erect, 3-6 feet high, Ichanneled, more or less branched: leaves lanceolate, 1-9 inches long, acute lor acuminate, mostly tapering at base into short petioles, coriaceous : locreae funnelform, 6-18 lines long, oblique and 2-cleft, the segments acute ImoBtly glabrous, large and loose, brittle and early falling away : inflores- Icence consisting of co;n pound or paniculate loosely-flowered racemes 1-2 linches long: ocreolae funnelform, oblique and shallow: calyx greenish or Iwhitish, 1-1)^ lines long, 5-parted to near the base the segments obovate |oroblon|;, rounded. In wet places, alpine and subalpine, Washington to ICallfornia and Idaho. Yar. follosum Small Bull. Torr Bot. Club xix, 360. Pubescent |throu<;hout : stems stout, sparingly branched, hispid, : leaves ovate-lanceo- fri POLYGONACEiK POLVaONl M ■i^ late, acute, petioled, more or less tomentoHt) beneath, ciliate, numerous near the cnda of the brancheH: ocreae funneKorm, loose, hispid: tlowert lower: acheiieH broadly oblonu. On the high mountains of WaslilnKton. Vai\ AlaHkanani Small MonoKr. Polvg. 83. Htem stout, arinin;: from a lar^u rootatock, erect, 2U-3ti incheR bign, fleshy above : leaveH ovate- lanceolate, 4-10 incheH long, acuminate, obtuse or cordate at base, thin, pubescent butb sides, or sometimes glabrous, ciliate, undulate, much crisped, on ])etiol38 (i-SO lines Umn: ocreae funnelform, 1-2 incliCM lonit, thin, Htriate, more or less hispid. On the high mountains of WaBhiiiKton to Alaska. P. phytolaccwfolinm Melsn. Small Bull. Torr. Bot. Club xix. m. Herbage glubrous or very sparingly pubescent with slender hairs, liBlit ^recn, turning dark In drying: etoms erect, 16-30 inches high, somewhat branched, channeled: leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 1-7 inches lonf;, acute or acuminate, thin, undulate and somewhat crisped, sometiineh coriaceous: ocreae 6-12 lines long, more or less puliescent, brittle, early falling away : inflorescence consisting of axillary and terminal or panicleil few loosely-flowered racemes: calyx white or pinkisli. about a line long, not much enlarged in fruit, 6-pafted to l)elow the middle, the seunientH ol)ovate, 2 of them often much smaller than the others. In the mountains of Washington, Oregon and California. P. Newberry! Small Bull. Torr. Bot. Club xxi, 170. Herbage dull green, more or leas pubescent and scurfy throughout, or somewhat glab- rous: stems ascending or erect, 4-17 inches high, stout and more or les' fleshy, simple or branched : leaves ovate to broadly oblong-ovate, one-half to 2 inches long, rather fleshy, truncate, obtuse or acute at base, short- petioled or the upper ones subsessile : ocreae funnelform, about a line long: flowers in few-flowered axillary racemes: calyx greenish, 1-2 lines long, 5-parted to near the base, its segments oblong or oblong-elliptic, the outer ones longer than the inner ones. Alpine and subalpine regions of Oregon and Washington. P. OavlslK Brewer Gray Proc. Am. Acad, viii, 399. Glabrous and glaucous or inconspicuously pubescent : stems usually slender, from an en- larged and wpo4y rootstock, erect or ascending, 2-17 inches long, flexuous striate, simple'or sparingly branched above, leafy throughout : leaves from ovate to oblong or almost lanceolate, 1-4 inches long, obtuse or acutieh, Hubcordate to acuminate at base, undulate and ciliate : ocreae funnelform, 3-6 lines long, more or less oblique : flowers in axillary and terminal 2-4- flovvered loose clusters: calyx purplish^green or yellowish, about a line long, 5-cleft to the middle, much narrowed toward the base. On the highest slopes of the Cascade and Sierra Nevada Mountains. SuBoKNTH III Persr'aria Meisn. Ikjonogr. BO. Herbaceous or more or less woody perennial or annual plants with the leaves all eauline. Ocreae mostly membranaceous, cylindric, truncate, naked or variously fringed. Flowers in terminal spicate racemes', usually geminate or paniculate, subtended by ocreolae. Calyx 8-r)-parted. Stamens 4-8. Style 2-8-p.arted or 2-8-cleft. Achenes lenticular or triquetrous. Cotyledons accumbent. P. ainphibivmL.Sp.3bl. Perennial : glabrous when mature : stems emereed or floating on the surface of the water and rooting at the nodes, 1-10 feet long, simple or branched : leaves oblong, elliptic or elliptic-lanceo- late, 1-6 inches long, thickish and somewhat coriaceous, glossy above, rounded or narrowed at base, long-petioled to subsessile: ocreae cylindric, those of the stem 8-16 lines long, those of the branches surpassing the internodes, with or without a few bristles : flowers in a dense oblong or POIiYOONOM POLYGONACK/*: 579 ilabrouB and , from an en- inK* flexuous , : leaves from ?e or acutieh, e funnel form, t(^rminul 2-4- about a line aae. On the rbaceous or he leaves all truncate. ate raceme?, lae. Calyx ft. Achenei* nature : stems ; at the nodes, jlUptic-lanceo- Klossy above, reae cylindric, lurpaBfling the snee oblong or orate nvic" ' raceme : calyx rose-color, iibuut 2 tiii'^H long, 5-parted to below thpmiadl. . fltamens 5. exserted: style about 2 llneM > 'Ug 2-cleft: achenet* lenti(^n the lower side, acuminate at base, short-petioled : locreae cylindric or funnelform, '' n lines long: racemes panicled, oblong- nlindric, 1-3 inches long, erect, deuHc ; < alyx pink or light purple, 1-2 I ; » ,i I I' 580 POLYGONAOEiE POLYGONUM lines long, 5-parted to the middle: stamens 8 or fewer, included: slyle 2-parted to aoout the middle : achenes lenticular, flat, broader than high. Idaho to the Eastern States. P. Pebsicabia L. 8p. hoi. Annual : stem erect or sometimes spread- ing, 8-20 inches high, simple or branched : leaves lanceolate to linear- lanceolate, 1-8 inches long, acuminate at both ends, entire or sometimes erose, conspicuously punctate, nearly smooth except the more or les» his- pid midrib and nerves, short- petioled or nearly sessile, generally with a dark triangular or lunate spot in the middle r ocreae cylndric or funnelform, 6-9 lines lon^, conspicuously fringed witii 'Imrt bristles: racemes 1-5, in terminal panicles, oblong or ovoid, 6-18 linei long, mostly erect, densely- flowered : calyx pink to purple or greenish, i>-clef t to the middle, the seg- ments obtuse: stamens generally included: style 2-, or 3-partcd. included: achenes broadly ovoid, pointed. In waste places throughout Nortli and South America : naturalized fiom Europe. F. hydropiperoides Michx. Fl. i, 236. Perennial, often tinged witli red throughout : stems erect, or the base decumbent and creeping, 1-3 feet high, simple or branched above, enlarged at the joints: leaves lanceolate tu linear-lanceolate, 2-6 inches long, glabrous or strigillose, acute at both ends, ciliate, short-petioled : ocreae cylindric or funnelform, 6-12 lines long, loose, fringed with long bristles : racemes almost linear, 1-3 inches long, erect, more or less interrupted : calyx about a line long, flesh-color, or greenish, 5-parted to below the middle, the segments oblong or obovate: stamens'8, included style short* 3-parted, at length exserted : achenes tri- quetrous, ovoid or broadly oblong. In ponds and wet places, Washington to California and the Atlantic States. P. Hydropiper L. Sp. 361. Annual: glabrous: stems erect or assur- gent, 8-24 inches high, simple, or branched throughout : leaves ovate to lanceolate, 1-5 inches long, acute or acuminate at both ends, ciliate, un- dulate or slightly crisped, short-petioled : ocreae cylindric, 3-6 lines long, becoming somewhat funnelform and oblique fringed with long bristles, often bearing 1 or 2 flowers within, racemes numerous, axillary and ter- minal, 1-3 inches long rather loosely flowered and much interrupted, usual- ly drooping : calyx greenish to red or white, 3-5 parted, the segments rather narrowly oblong : stamens 4, sometimes 6, included : style 2-3-cIeft to near the base: achene lenticular or triquetrous, broadly oblong tu orbicular. In damp places, throughout temperate North America and Europe. Subgenus iv, Aviculakia Meisu. Monog. Polyg. 85. Annual or perennial plants with the leaves all cauline, the petioles artic- ulated at the junction of the ocreae; the upper ones reduced to foliaceous bracts. Ocreae membranaceous and usually hyaline, funnelform, oblique, 2-parted, at length lacerate. Inflorescence consisting of axillary clusters either widely separated or crowded into a terminal raceme. Calyx 5-parted. Stamens mostly "^ Style 3-parted or wanting. Achenes triquetrous. Cotyledons in- cumbent. * Suffruticose smooth perennials with brown stems and loose scaly bark. P. paronychia Cham. & Schlecht. Linn, iii, 51. Bright green and glabrous throughout : stems prostrate or ascending,. 6-18 inches long, dif- fusely branched : leaves oblong to oblong-'anceolate, apparently linear or Unear-lauceolate on account of the strongly revolute margins, 3-5 lines long, scattered along the branches and crowded in subspicate clunters at ►LYGONUM POLYGONUM POLYGONACEiE S81 id loose scaly the branches, sessile, fitted on the upper surface, acute or acuminate at base, with a broad 2-winged midrib ocreae 6-10 lines long, silvery, early lacerate into hair-like segments : flowers crowded into subspicate cIusterH near the ends of the branches: calyx white to pink, about 3 lines long, 5- parted to below the middle, the segments obovate or oblong : stamens 8, included : style a line or more long, 3 cleft at the apex. On sandy l>anks along the coast, Vancouver Island to California. P. Shastensls Brewer Gray Proc. Am. Acad, viii., 400. Glabrous throughout : stems prostrate or ascending, 4-12 inches long, much branch- ed: oblong to oblanceolate, 3-6 lines long, longer than the internodes, ses- sile, acute at base : ocreae 2-3 lines long, 2-parted, the segments very thin and silvery : flowers 2 or 3 together in the axils of the leaves : calx 2 lines long, rose-color or red, 5-parted to near the base, the segments obovate, each with a dark rib: stamens 8, included; filaments strongly dilated at base: style 3-parted, apparently formed by the splitting of the apex of the narrowly oblong achene. Mount Mazama Oregon to the high peaks of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. * * Annuals, rarely perennials, with striate stems, leafy throueh- out: calyx colored upon the margins, becoming closely appressed to tlie achene : style short. P. littorale Link in Shrad. Journ. i, 54. Annual or perennial, glab- rons, bright green and glaucous : stems prostrate, 1-4 feet long, diffusely branched : leaveH oblong to oblanceolate, 3-12 lines long, generally acumin- ate at base, conspicuously nerved, often crisped, short-petioled : ocreae oblique, 2-3 lines long, 2 parted and silvery when voung, at length lacerate and^ brownish : flowers in clusters of 1-6 in the axila of the upper leaves: calyx montly green, 5-parted to below the middle, the segments oblong: stamens 8, included : style a line long, 3-parted to the base, included. Brit. Columbia to California and across the continent. P. AVicnr.ABB L. Sp. 362. Glabrous throughout and dull or bluish • green : stems prostrate or ascending, 4-24 inches long, simple or branched : leaves oblong to oblanceolate, 5-12 lines long, acuminate at base, not con- spicuonsly nerved, subsessile or short-petioled : ocreae oblique, 2 lines long, silvery, becoming lacerate in age: flowers in clusters of 2-5 in the axils of the leaves : calyx mostly green, 5-parted to below the middle, the segments oblong: stamens 5-S, included: style very short, 3-parted. Common in yards and roadsides. Ft ereotnm L. Sp. 363. Glabrous throughout: stem stout, erect or ascending and somewhat spreading, 8-24 inches high, nearly simple to much branched: leaves oval, oblong or obovate, 6-30 lines long, mostly acuminate at base, sessile to short-petioled : ocreae 3-12 lines long: flowers in clusters of several in the axils of the middle leaves : calyx greenish, over aline long, 5-parted to below the middle, the segments oblong: stamens 6 or 7, included: style lesn than a line long, 3-parted. In sandy fields, east- ern Oregon to Texas and Georgia. , ,,, ; , P. minlmnm Watson Bot. King 315. Somewhat scurfy but glabrous : stem erect or spreading, 1-3 inches long, slender, simple or branching from the base : leaves obovate to ovate or oblong, 3-8 lines long, acute or apicu- late at the apex, acuminate at base, subsessile, not much reduced above: ocreae about a line long, dentate-lacerate : flowers in clusters of several in axils of all the leaves: calyx greenish, about a line long. 5-parted tanear the base, the segments oblong, the margins pale rose-color : stamens 6-8, included. On the high mountain tops, Wasaington and Oregon to Cali- fornia and Utah. * * Annuals with striate stems, the branches slender and virgale, angular : leaves diminishing upward and becoming bracMike; the I ' f I! .' ! 582 POLYGONACEiE POLYGONUM '- I ! apike-like inflorescence more or leae interrupted. P. DongrlasU Greene Bull. Gal. Acad, i, 125. Glabrouts and more or less glaucescent except the more or leas scabrous nodes : stem slender, 8-16 inches high erect usually somewhat strictly branched: leaves oblong to lanceolate, 6-30 lines long, mostly acute, often cuspidate, acuminate at base, sessile or nearly so, the margins often revolute : ocreae 5-^ lines lon^ : flowers one to several in the axils of the upper leaves, on reflexed pedicels : calyx greenish, 1-2 lines long, 5-parted to near the base, the seg- ments oblong with whitish or rose-colored margins: stamens 8, included: style very short, 3-parted. In dry places in the mountains of Brit. Columbia to California and Nebraska. P. montanam Greene PI. Baker. 13. P. Douglasii var. latij'olimi Greene Bull. Val. Acad. 125. " Low,fastigiately branched from the ba8e,3 to 6 inches high, the branches floriferous from the base, but the flowera few among the proper leaves, most of them forming a mere bracted npike beyond the foliage, all the angles of stem and branches denticulate-scaber- ulous, and other parts also more or lees scrabro-puberuleut : leaves oblong- lanceolate, very acute, often an inch' long.l-nerved, the nerve sharply cari- nate beneath the leaf : perianth subsessile but nodding, its segments dark green or purplish except marginally and completely enclosing the achene. this black, bmooth and shining, the faces obtusely rhomboidal, the cross- section 3-lobed rather than triangular." On high mountains, Brit. Co- lumbia to California and the Rocky Mountains. P. Howellii Greene PI. Baker. 14. Stem erect, 4-12 inches high, sparingly branched from the base, the branches erect : leaves elliptic- oblong to lanceolate, very acute and apiculate, attenuate at base, 6-12 lines long, the thin margins serrulate-scabrous : ocreae scarious, 2-4 lines long, 2-parted : flowers 1-3 in the axils of all the leaves, erect on erect pedicels: calyx whitish, about a line long, 6-parted to near the base, the segments oblong : achenes wholly invested by the calyx, very black and highly pol- ished, the faces rhombic-ovate. On top of the Siskiyou Mountains along the Happy Camp trail in California, perhaps in Oregon farther east. P. Sawatchense Small Bull. Torr. Bot. Club xx, 213. Glabrous and more or less scurfy or papillose throughout: stem erect, 2-8 inches high: leaves oblanceolate or obovate to almost linear, 3-12 lines long, acute at the apex, acuminate below, sessile, flat or revolute : ocreae at length lace- rate to the middle : flowers in clusters of 2-4 in the axils of all the leaves: calyx green, on erect pedicels, a line or less long, 5-parted to near the base, the segments oblong, obtuse : stamens 6-8 : st^le almost none. In the moun- tains, Washington to Colorado and Dakota. P. ramostssimam Michx. Fl. i, 237. Glabrous throughout : stem erect or ascending, 4-12 inches high, nearly simple or diffusely branched : leaves lanceolate to oblong, 4-20 lines long, acuminate at both ends, short- petioled, persistent : ocreae 3-9 lines long, early becoming lacerate : floners in small clusters in the axils of the upper leaves: calyx greenish or yellow, about a line long, erect, on erect pedicels, 5-parted or 6-parte P. spergnlarisBforme Meisn. Small Bull. Torr. Bot. Club x\k, 36C. P. coarctatum Pougl. not Willd. Glabrous throughout: stem slender and wiry, erect, 4-20 inches high, branched, the branches usually erect : leaves linear-oblong to linear lanceolate, }4-^/4 inches long, acute, sessile, the margins usually revolute : oereae 4-6 lines long sopn finely lacerate : flowers numerous, in small clusters in the axils of the upper leaves, erect or spreading : calyx 2 linei? long Ti-parted to near the base, the segments obovate, obtuse, pink with green midveins : stamens 5, included : style about a line long, 3-parted. On dry stony or sandy places, Brit. Columbia to California and Colorado. Flowering from ISpring until Autumn. P. lineare Hook. Fl. ii, 137. ? Minutely puberulent thoughout: stem slender, prostrate or ascending, diffusely branched, 4-10 inches long, leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, %-! inch long acute, sessile, the margins strongly revolute, dark green above, white beneath : oereae about 4 lines long, soon lacerate: flowers in small clusters in the'axils of subulate bracts at the ends of the branches : crowdei and apparently spicate, erect or sprea- ding, on short pedicels : calyx about 2 lines long, broadly campanulate> 5- cleft to near the base, the 3 outer segments obovate. rounded at the apex, the 2 inner ones narrower and barely obtuse, all pink or rose-color with green midveins : stamens 8, included. On mossy banks along the lower Columbia and Willamette rivers. Not flowering until Autumn. P. Ehrh. high simple irregularly lind divergently branched, dark red : leaves linea* lanceolate, 4-18 lines long, acute, sessile, glaucescent beneath more or less revolute : oereae 1-2 lines long, at length lacerate : flowers in the axils of the upper leaves, crowded and racemose, erect: calyx greenish, about a line long, 5-parted to near the base, the (segments oblong, with pinkish margins: stamens 8 or fewer, the filaments dilated at base. On grassy banks, Brit. Columbia to Oregon. P. Kelloggrli Greene Fl. Fr. 134. Glabrous throughout: stem slen- iler, mostly erect, 1-3 inches high, divereently branched from near the base: leaves linear or linear-lanceolate 2-6 lines long, acute, sessile, crowd- ed on the branches but spreading and not imbricated, much the same size throughout: oereae funnelform a line or less long, thin and early lacerate: flowers in small clusters in the axils of the upper leaves, contiguous on account of the very short internodes making the branches appear Tike leafy Nattallii Small Monog. Polyg. 132. P. intermediuvt Nutt. no* Glabrous throughout : stem elender and wiry, erect 3-9 inche^ .!li/^ ! I fill POLYGONACE.E POLYGONUM racemes: calyx green, a line loug 5-parted to near tlie base, the segments oblong, obtuse, with whitish or cream -oolored margins : 8taui«ns about o, included. Washington to California and Colorado. P. Watsonl Small Monog. Polyg. 13». P. imbricatum Nutt. not Kal'. Glabrous throughout, stem slender and wiry, usually simple, 1-6 inches high : 2-4 of the lower leaves filiform, 6-12 lines long, tlie upper or floral bracts lanceolate to oblong 2-4 lines long, acute or shortly acuminate, ses- sile, green with very narrow scarious margins: ocreae silvery, 2-partedbut early lacerate, 1-2 fines long: ftowers white or pinkish, mostly solitary, in the axils of the upper leaves, the lower one remote, the otbern crowded and racemose : calyx about a line long, 5-parted to below the middle, the outer segments longest, ovate, obtusish : stamens 5 or fewer. In wet places, Washington to California and the Bocky Mountains. P. polygidoldes Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv, 101. Glabrous and light green, 4-8 inches high mostly somewhat corymbosely branched, slightly fiexuous ; leaves linear. 3-18 lines long, acute, sessile : ocreae funnelform, 2 lines long or more, 2-parted, soon lacerate : flowers in small clusters in the axils of oblong scarious-margined more or less imbricated bracts at the ends of the branchlets: calyx a line long, 5'parted to near the bage, white or pinkish, the segments with a dark midrib, the outer, ones longer than the inner : stamens 8, included : style evident, 3-parted to the middle. In moist places on open plains, Brit. Columbia to California and the Rocky Mountains. Subgenus v Dura via Watson Am. Nat. vii, 665. Slender wiry little annuals. Leaves linear, not jointed upon the scari- ous lacerate ocreae. Flowers in slender many jointed interrupted spikes, mostly solitary and nearly sessile in the sheaths. Sepals 5, colored, becoming somewhat appressed to the achene. Stamens '^, the 3 inner filaments but slightly dilated at base. Achenes membranaceous, linear, nearly terete, obscurely 3-angled. Cotyle- dons accumbent. P. Californicum Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv, 100. Glabrous: stem very slender and wiry, erect, diffusely and loosely branched to nearly sim- ple : leaves narrowly linear, to filiform 6-18 lines long, subulate-tipped, 3 ribbed, the upper reduced to subulate bracts : flowers solitary in the axils of the bracts forming slender terminal spikes : calyx a line or less long, 5- cleft to the middle at length exceeding the ocreae. On dry plains Southern Oregon to California. P. CIreenet Watson Proc Am. Acad, xix, 294. Glabrous : stem slen- der, erect, 4-7 inches high, generally branched throughout, compact: leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, 2-6 lines long, almost bract-like, reduc- ed bracts above more or less imbricated and often of much the same size throughout, 8-ribbed, the margins revolute : ocreae 3-4 lines long conspic- uously lacerate, the segments subulate, numerous, rigid : flowers solitary in the axils of bracts and thus apparently in terminal leafy-bracted racemes: calyx sessile, a line long, rose-color, 5-cleft. not exceeding the ocreae: stamens 8, included: style a line long 3-parted. Eastern Washington to California. P. Parryl Greene Bull. Torr. Bot. Club viii 99. Glabrous: stem erect, 1-4 inches high, simple to densely much branched, very leafy and bearing flowers to the base : leaves linear, 3-12 lines long, of much the same size throughout, subulate-tipped, 3-nerved : ocreae a little more than a line long, extremely lacerate, usually hiding the calyx and giving the whole plant a woolly appearance: flowers solitary in the axils of all the POLYGONUM RUMEX POLYGONAOEiE 586 leaves : calyx nearly a line long, sessile, 5-cleft. In moist places, eastern Washington to southern Oregon and California. > > ■ • Subgenus vi Tiniaria Meisn. Monog. H2. J Annual or peren- nial more or less twining plants with usually cordate or truncate leaves. Ocreae membranaceous, funnelform, oblique, naked at the summit. Flowers in axillary or terminal clusters or racemes. Calyx 5-parted, the outer .segments keeled or winged. Stamens 8. Style 3-parted or wanting. Achenes triquetrous. Cotyledons accumbent. ' P. CONVOLVOLDS L. Sp. 364. Annual : Glabrous : stem slender prostrate or twining, 1-4 feet long, branched : leaves broadly to narrowly ovate or ov- ate-sagittate, 1-3 inches long, acuminate, somewhat undulate and crisped, on slender petioles : dowers in small axillary clusters and terminal racemes on slender reflexed pedicels : calyx green or whitish, about 2 lines long, the segments oblong, obtuse, closely investing the triquetrous achene. Com- mon in cultivated fields and gardens. Naturalized from Europe. P. ouMETORUM L. Sp. ed. 2, 522. Perennial: bright green and glabrous throughout : stems weak and slender, extensively twining 2-20 feet long : leaves ovate-cordate, 1-4 inches long, acuminate, petioled or nearly sessile ; flowers in axillary racemes 2 inches long: cal}[x yellowish-green, drooping, nearly 3 lines long. Said to grow in our region but I have not seen it. Missouri to Tennessee and Europe. 6 RUMEX L. Sp. 333. .,..,-. Coarse perennial, biennial or annual herbs, some tropical spe- cies shrubs or trees, with more or less acid juice, alternate leaves with sheathing stipules and small flowers fascicled or verticillate in paniculate racemes. Flowers perfect, polygamous or dicecious, on jointed pedicels. Calyx 5-parted or of (> distinct sepals the outer 3 herbaceous, spreading or reflexed, the inner larger and more or less colored, usually becoming enlarged^and reticulat- ed in fruit, appressed to the 3-angled achene. Stamens 6: filaments very short. Style 3-parted, with peltate tufted stigma. Embryo curved or nearly straight, borne in one of the faces of the achene. § 1 AcETOSELLA Trelcasc Rev. Rum. 76. Dioecious perenni- als with acid juice. Outer segments of the calyx without dorsal callosities, not reticulated nor larger than the achene. Kt ACETOSELLA L. Sp. 33S. ( SoRBEL. ) Glabrous throughout stems slender, 6-12 inches high, tufted, propagating by creeping rootstocks : leaves oblanceolate, acute, the lower mostly hastate with a large decurrent, rarely toothed auricle on each side, petioled, 2-5 inches long, the upper gradually reduced and entire : panicle more or less compound, usually reddish, the titiform ascending branches, leafless : pedicels capillary, articulated at the summit : flowers about a line long. Common in fields' and waste pi a- [ COS throughout most of North America and Europe. § 2 AcETOSA Campd. Monog. Rumex, Dicecious perennialsg the leaves with acid juice. Inflorescence with slender leafles I branches. Inner segments of the calyx rather finely reticulated becoming round-cord.ate and mueh^larger than the achene. R. pavclfolivs Nutt. Mss. Watson Bot. King, 314. Stems somewha •>, if; 586 POLYGONACEiE BUMKA tufted, about a foot high: leaver epatulate to lanceolate, or the sliortegt nomewbat elliptical-ovate, very gradually narrowed at base, neither aiiricl- ed nor hastate, 2-6 inches long : inflorescence rather simple, with suberect branches: pedicels about as long an the fruit, jointed toward the base, in- ner segment of the calyx about 2 lines in diameter, achenes about a line long. In mountain parks, Brit. Columbia to California and the Rocliy Mountains. R> acetosa L. Sp. 337. Stems simple, mostly solitary, 1-4 feet high, rather slender : leaves ovate or oblongovate 2-6 inches loni;, mostly obtuse, deeply cordate with commonly acute auricles or subsagittate, a small tooth sometimes present on each auricle : inflorescence a rather simple dtrici panicle: pedicels about as lon^ as the fruit conspicuously jointea in the middle: outer sepals of pistillate relatively large, reflexed in flower orblcu lar, 2-3 lines in diameter clawless usually with a delicate callosity at base: achene about 3 lines long. In open places in woods, Alaska to Oregon and across the continent. ■ - ' r, ; § 2 Lapatjia Campd. 1. c. Leaves never hastate, with i)r without acid juice. Inflorescence with stout; r, sometimes leafy branches: hermaphrodite or andro-mono ious. Inner sepals commonly reticulated, becoming round or elongated and much larger than the achene. * Sepals at most very minutely erose or low denticulate. •*- Inner sepals very large, mostly red, rounder broadly ovate deep- ly cordate, without callosities, outer sepals at length reflexed. B. renosos Pursh Fl. 733. Glabrous throughout: stems stout, 8-18 inches high from long running perenninal roots, branching from most oi the axils : leaves thick and somewhat coriaceous, elliptical to nearly ovate. abruptly acute at both ends, 2-6 inches long : inflorescence nearly sinoiple, leafless, the short zigzag branches liivergent : pedicels rather stout about as long as the fruit tumidly jointed below the middle : inner sepals firm, bright rosy-red, orbicular or broader than long, 8-12 lines in diameter, the sinuses often closed, emarginate to shortly blunt acuminate: achenes about 4 lines long. On sandy plains east of the Cascade Mountains, Brit. Colum- bia to Nevada and Kansas. •»-i- Inner sepals not over 6 lines long, only moderately if at all cordate. "* Inner sepals round or very broadly ovate, low reticulate pedi- cels slender or capillary. R* occldentaUs Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xii, 253. Glabrous: stems stout, 1-3 feet high, from thick perennial roots : leaves ovate to lanceolate, 6- 12 inches long wavy-margined, truncately cordate, the apex roundedto acute, with acid juice : inflorescence strict and dense, rosy -red in fruit, naked or with a few small leaves below pedicels 2-3 times as long as the fruit, very obscurely jointed below themidale: inner sepals at length rosy-red, 3-6 lines long, deltoid-ovate, often only slightly cordate, remotely erose or den- ticulate, rounded or obtuse at the apex, without callosities : achenes 2 lines long. In wet or moist alluvial soil, California to Alaska and Colorado. B. conflnis Greene Pitt, iv, 306. Stems stout, often 6-8 feet high; blade of the lowest leaves often 1:4 feet long, commonly 6 inches wide to- ward the deeply subhastate-cordate base, lanceolate, on petioles nearlv as long as the blane : panicle ample, 1 -2 feet long : pedicels slender, 3-6 lines I long, jointed well above the base : valves suborbicular, with subtruncate base, green and of.tbin texture, the margins more or less crenate or den- tate toward the base. In w et madows, in the lake region of northern Idaho. ROMEX POLYGONACEiE 687 K. CRI8PU8 L. Sp. 336. Glabrous to slightly papillate : stems stout, 2-3 feet high, simple : leaves bluish green, the lowest ample, elliptical to mostly oblong lanceolate, rounded or decurrently acutish at base, often a foot long: oranches of the panicle rather strict, somewhat leafy: pedicels about one-half longer than thu fruit, tumidly jointed near the base : inner sep- als 2-3 lines long, rounded ovate, barely cordate, rounded at the apex or with a broad blunt acumination, minutely erose to broadly dentate below, each with a smooth ovoid often rosy callosity reaching to the middle of the valve: achene ?.-2 lines long. Common throughout temperate North America and Europ<.'. ■.♦■ -* Inner sepals triangular- ovate to oblong, Hometimes with a contracted apex. R. hAsperias Greene Pitt, iv, 234. "Allied to A*, altinaimus hut low and slender, very leafy, the panicle small, small-fruited: leaves elliptic- lanceolate, very acute or acuminate, wavy-margined or even almost crisp- ed: pedicels jointed at the very baae: valveH of the fruiting calvx from quite exactly and sharply deltoid to subreniform-deltoid, aH broad at base as long, none erain-bearing, all distinctly though not strongly venulose, aeldom obviously reticulate. Bottom lands near Bingen Washington, 31 Oct. 1893, W. N. Suksdorf; the specimens distributed for R. altissimus, but the species very distinct." R. SAlicifolins Wein. Fl. iv, 28. Glabrous, pale green : stems spread- ing to erect, 1-3 feet high Rimpleor branched, flexuous : from thick perenni- al roots, leaves lanceolate to linear, or the lower oblong, acute or acuminate at both ends, or rarely obtuse at the apex, often falcate, 2-7 inches long : panicles simple: pedicels arcuately curved, scarcely as lung as the fruit, or a few in each cluster longer, jointed near the base : inner sepals triaugular- ovate, acute, 2-3 lines long, delicately veined: callosities variable in num- ber smooth or pitted, often nearly as long as the valve • achenes 1-2 lines long. In rich moist soil, Alaska to California and the Atlantic States and Canada : also Europe. R. coxG(.OMBRATD8 Murray Prodr. Fl. Gcelt. 52. Glabrous perennial : stems slender, mostly clustered, 1-3 feet high: leaves ovate to oblong or lanceolate, 1-5 inches long, some of them somewhat fiddle-shaped, crenu- lateand slightly crisped: flowering branches slender, at length elongated, not zigzag bearing a broadly lanceolate leaf at nearly every node : pedicels slender, about as long as the fruit, tumidly jointed near the base : inner sepals about 3 lines long, nearly oblong, obtuse : callosities mostly 3, round to ovoid, very prominent, smooth, half as broad and nearly as long as the valves: achenes about a line long. In waste places, western Washington to California : also in the Atlantic States : adventive from Europe. ,^^ , * * Valves very prominently toothed. R. FULCHER L. Sp. 336. Stems slender, zigzag above, branching at nearly every node, at length dichotomous above, mostly glabrous: leaves oblong or some of the lower ones fiddle shaped, 1-6 inches long, obtuse, cordate at base, upper ones oblong or oblong-lanceolate, usually narrowed at both ends : panicle loose : racemes long, divergent, ra'her leafy : pedicels, very short, scarcely longer than the fruit, tumidly jointed near the mid-, die: inner sepals rigid, one commonly longer than the others, prominently.' veined, nearly 3 lines long, ovate, obtuse, with 5-10 short teeth on each^ side, one or all of them with a wrinkleil callosity half as long as the valve : achenes about a line long. In waste places : naturalized from Europe. K. OBTD8IFOI.IUB L. 1. c. Glabrous perennial r stems stout, erect, sim-, pie or sparingly branched, 2-4 feet high: leaves ample, broadly ovate, 4-14| mches long cordate, the veins often red or purplish, the upper ones lanceo- j late or oblong-lanceolate, the margins somewhat undulate or crisped::, I- i, i' ^^ m PHYTOLACCACE^. RUMEX OXYRIA flowerinir branches suberect, sparingly leafy below : pedicels slender, about twice as long as the fruit, tumidlv jointecf toward the base : inner sepals not very conspicuously veined, af)out S lines long, ovate-oblong, with 3-5 thin triangular teeth on each side, mostly confined to the lower half, the triangular ontire epex mostly acute : callosities smooth, one usually larger than the others. Common along roadsides and in pastures :^naturali/,e(l from Europe. B* perslcarloides L. 1. c. Pubescent and pale green annual : stitn^ rather stout, erect and simple or diffusely branched, 1-3 feet high, Nume- times spreading or creeping, very leafy : leaves lanceolate or oblong, nar- rowed or Hometimes cordate or sagittate at base, acute, the margins nioro or less undulate or cripped, 1-12 inches long: panicle simple or compound: racemes erect, leafy-bracted, usually interrupted: pedicels capillary, twice as long as the fruit, tumidly jointed at the base : inner sepals oblong, a line long with 1-3 bristles on each margin, each bearing an oblong callosity. Brit. Columbia to California, and the Eastern States and Canada • ;•;,.:' 7 OXYRIA Hill Veg. Syst. x, 24. (1765) . . Low perennial herbs with acid juice, mostly radical leaves imd small perfect flowers in naked panicled racemes. Cal3'x unequal- ly 4-parted, the outer segments smaller than the inner. Stamens (>, included: filaments short, subulate, glabrous : anthers oblong. Ovary 1-celled : ovule solitary. Style short, 2-parted, its branches divergent: stigmas fimbriate, persistent. Achenes compressed and thin, broadly winged. 0. dlgyna Campd. Monog. Rum. 155 t, 5. fig. 3. Rootstock large, chaffy : stem slender^ scape-like, simple or sparingly branched, leafless or nearly so, 2-12 inches high: leaves reniform or orbicular- reniforin, 6-18 lines broad, undulate, sometimes emarginate, long-petioled: ocreae oblique, loose, those of the stems bearing flowers: racemes many-fl'wered; flowers slender-pedicelled : calyx segments oblong, the inner erect, the outer re- flexed in fruit: achenes pointed, smooth, surrounded hy a broad membran- ous win^. On high mountains, California to the Arctic Circle and across the continent : also northern Europe and Asia. Order LXXVI PHYTOLACCACEiE Lindl. Nat. Syst. 2:n. Herbs shrubs or trees with alternate leaves and perfect reg- ular polygamous or monoecious usually racemose flowers. Calyx 4-5-parted or of 4 or 5 distipcf aepiils. imbricated in the bud . Stamens as many as divisions of the calyx and alternate with them, or more numerous, hypogynous: filaments subulate or filiform: anthers 2- celled, the cefls longitudinally dehiscent, often nearly separated. Ovary superior, several- celled, with a solitary amphitropous ovule in each cell. Styles as many as carpels, short or none : stigmas linear or filiform. Fruit a berry, capsule or samara. »mi7-i.! 1 PHYTOLACCA L. Sp. 41. Tall f erennial herbs with simple entire leaves without stipules and small flowers in terminal racemes which by the farther growth of the stem become opposite the leaves. Pedicels bracted at the base. Calyx of 4 or 5 persistent rounded sepals. Stamens 4-lf), hhytolacCa .\maranthu< AMARANTHACE^. 580 inserted at the buBC of the calyx. Ovary globote, of 5-15 diBtiuct or somewhat united carpels. Fruit a depressed-globose berry. Seeds erect, compressed. Embryo annular, in mealy albumen. P. decandra L. Sp. ed. 2, 631. (Pokb-bbrry) Glabrous and succulent: stems 4-12 feet high, stout, •♦rect, branched: leaves oblong-lanceolate or ovutff-Ianceolate, pinnately veined, acute or acuminate at both ends, 8-12 inches long, petioled : racemes peduncled.2-8 inches long: pedicels diverg- ent, 2-6 lines long, each with a subulate-lanceolate branchlet at its b-tse, and usually 2 linear ones above: flowers perfect: calyx white, 2-3 lines hroad, its sepals suborbicular or oval : stamens 10, slightly shorter than the sepals : berry dark purple, 5-6 lines in diameter, 10-celIed. In waste places in southern Oregon : introduced from the Eastern States. Order LXX VII AMARANTHACEiE J. St. Hil. Expos. Fam. 204. (1805.) Herbs or low shrubs wiih simple leaves without stipules and small monoecious, polygamous or dioecious flowers usually in terminal spikes or axillary heads, caljx herbaceoiis or mem- branaceous, 2-5-parted, tne segments distinct or united at base. Stamens 1-6. mostly opposite The segments of the calyx, hypo- gynous. Ovary l-celled, usually with a solitary amphitropous ovule. Style short, elongated or none: stigmas 1-3. Fruit an utricle, circumscissile, bursting irregularly or indehiscent. 1 AMARANTHUS L, Sp, 989. (Pig Wbkd.) Annual herbs with alternate petioled entire leaves and small green or purplish mostly 8-bracteolate flowers in dense terminal spikes or axillary clusters. Calyx of 2-5 distinct sepals. Sta- mens 2-5 : anthers 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscent. Styles or stigmas 2 or .'i. Fruit a utricle beaked by the persistent style. * Sepals 5, bracts 3. " "" A. HYBRiDt7S L. Sp. 990. Pubescent to nearly glabrous, green to pur- ple : stem rather slender, 2 inches to 8 feet high, usually branched : leaves bright green on both sides or paler beneath, ovate or rhombic-ovate, 1-6 inches long, on slender petioles: flowers very numerous, in dense linear- cylindric ascending or spreading spikes, forming dense terminal panicles : bracts subulate, 2-3 lines long : sepals •>, oblong, acute or cuspidate, about half as long &f the bracts: stamens 5: utricle smooth, circumscissile. Common in fields and waste places : naturalized from Tropical America. ♦ * Sepals 3: bracts 3. A. blitoldes Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xii, 273. Nearly or quite glab- rous, pall! green: stem much branched from the base, the branches prostr- ]te and spreading, rigid, 6-20 inches long: leaves obovate to spatulate 3-12 ines long, obtuse to acute at the apex, narrowed into slender petioles : flov.erb in small axillary clusters mostly shorter than *^e petioles : bracts subulate-lanceolate, little longer than the 4 or 5 oblong lanceolate acute or cuspidate sepals : stamens 3 : utricle nearly smooth. In waste places and roadsides Idaho to the Atlantic States. , A. GH^cizANs L. Sp. 990. A. albus L. Glabrous : stem erect, 6-24 inches high whitish diffusely and widely branched : leaves oblong, spatul- ate or obovate, 6-18, lines long, pale green, long-petioled : flowers poly- gamous, in small axillary clusters shorter than the leaves : bracts subu- .:>c'^ of to/^^-t. 680 OHENOPODIACEi*: AMARANTRUK a^- late, pungent- pointed, Hpreailintr, much longer than tlie 3 membranaceuu! sepali: stamens 3: utricle wrinkled, longer tiian the sepals, clrcnmsciHsile common in fields and waste places : naturalized from tropical America. A. earnens Greene Pitt, ii, 105. " Monuicious : glabrous, prostrate, forming a mat 6-10 inches broad, the branches pinkish, the glomerules of flowers and lower face of leaves deep flesh-purple : plant leafy and florifer- ous throughout: leaves obovate- lanceolate, entire, Hotose-tipped,)^-^ inch long, tapering to a short petiole : bractfl ovate-acuminate and setose-tipped: utricle smooth : seed blacxand shining,)^ line wide. Beaver Oanyon, Idaho,' * • * Sepal 1, Bract 1. A. €alirorulcns Watson Bot. Cal, ii, 42. Prostrate or ascending, glabrous, branching at the base, the stems often a foot long or more, with numerous short branchlets : leaves obovate to o)>long, an inch lung or ien! including the petiole, often small, obtuse or acutish, with white veins am! margin : flowers green or reddish, in numerous small dense axillary clus- ters: bracts often membranaceous and inconspicuous, lanceolate, acumin- ate slightly or not at all exceeding the utricle : sepal of the staminate flow- ers }i line lon^i that of the fertile flower shorter and narrowe", lateral : utricle slightly rugose, tardily circumsciasile : seed half a line bt'oad. Idaho to California and t-outhern Oregon. Order LXXVIII CHENOPODIACEiE Dumort. Anal. Fam 15. (1829.) Herbs or shrubs with alternate or rarely opposite leaves without stipules and small greenish flowers mostly in axillan and terminal panicles or racemes. Flowers perfect, monoeci- ous or dioecious. Calyx persistent, 2-5-lobed or 2-5-parted, rarely^reduced to a single sepal, or want) en; in pistillate flowers. Stamens as many as lobes or divisions of the calyx, or iewer, opposite them : filaments slender : anthers 2 celled, longitudin- ally dehiscent. Ovary mostly superior and free from the calyx. 1-celled, with a solitary amphitropous or campylotrojjous ovule on a stipe rising from its base: styles 1-3, with capitate stig- mas. Fruit an achene or utricle. Embryo slender, either annular and surrounding the mealy albumen, or spiral with the albumen lateral or wanting. Tribe i Flowers perfect, without bracts. Seeds free. Nttropblla Perennial herbs with opposite leaves and axillary flowers. Koohla Perennial herbs with scattered terete or linear leaves and axillary flowers. Chenopodinm Annual or perennial herbs with mostly thin leaves: flowers somewhat panicled. BliCnm Annual herbs with broad thin leaves : flowers in dense spicate clusters. IHonolepis Low annuals with the flowers densely clustered in the axils : sepal 1, bract like: stamen 1 : fruit naked: seeds vertical- Tribe ii Flowers moncBcious or dioecious, bracted. Seeds tree. * Bracts compressed : testa uf the seeds mostly coriaceous. Atriplex Fruiting bracts with margins often dilated and the sides oftein muricate. NITROPHII.A OHENOPODIACEit: 591 ** Bracts oi)COin pressed, completely united, not muricate : testa membranaceous. ] Eurota Low and shrultbv white-tomentose perennials : pericarp coni- cal, densely hairy, not winged. S EremoBemlam Somewhat spinescent nearly glabrous shrubs: pericarp flattened, orbicular, winK-raargined, glabrous. Tribe hi Flowers j)('rfect, without bracts. Seed invested by the pericarp. -"'^ ^/•• >.:<.'. ..^ - -tr. Cortspermaiu Low annuals: tlowers solitary in the axils; fruit com- pressed-elliptical, acutely margined. Tkibk IV Fleshy saline phmts with jointed stems and scale- like leaves. t) Sallcornia Branches opposite : Hower clunters decussitately opposite: calyx saccate, becoming spongy. Tkibk v Herbsor shrubs with fleshy leaves. Stems not jointed. 10 8arcobatas Somewhat Hpinescent nhrubs: tlowers unisexual : tlie ataminate in aments, without calyx ; the pistillate axillary, solitary, with saccate calyx : fruit transversely winged. 11 Dondla Saline herbs or shrubs with perfect axillary flowers: the calyx 6-cleftor 5-parted. Tribe 1 Chenopodie»' Moq. in DC. Prodr. xiii, 4^^. Stemn not jointed. Leaves flat, except in Kochia. Flmverit perfect, with- mt bracts. Sepals persistent. Se^^ds free, mostly with crvstncrovs t(st.a and copious albumen. Embryo annular. 1 NITROPHILA Watson Bot. King 367. ' : ',!. Low branching perennials with fleshy opposite leaves and small perfect axillary flowers. Calyx of 5-7 equal erect concave and carinate sepals, mostly 2-bracted at base. Stamens as many as sepals, united into a very narrow perigynous disk. Style short. Stigmas 2. Utricle subglobose, indehiscent beaked by the persistent style included within the connivent sepals. N. occldeatalls Watson 1. c. Glabrous throughout : stems ascending or decumbent, 3-8 inches long, from a perennial running rootstock, bran- ching from the base : lower leaves broadly ovate of ublong. 2-3 lines long. the rest linear, 12 lines long, semiterete, acuminate and cuspidate : bracts similar but shorter, mostly twice longer than the flowers : flowers 1-3 in each axil, the lateral ones often short-pedicolled, 2-3-bracted, the central one often bractless: sepals aline long, rather rigid, ovate acutish exceeding the stamens and style : utricle brownish: seeds half a line broad, black and shining. In moist alkaline soil, southeastern Oregon to California. 2 KOCHIA Roth. Schrad. .Journ. Bot. i, 307. (1799.) Perennial or annual herbs or low shrubs with alternate leaves and small flowers solitary or few in the axils of the upper leaves. Flowers perfect or pistillate sometimes bracteolate. Calyx her- baceous, 6-cleft, persistent over the fruit, and at length developing a horizontal, wing. Stamens 8-5, usually ex^erted: filaments linear. ^^ 692 (IHKNOPODlAOKiK KOOIIIA tHKNOPODIIM Ovary ovoid, nunowofl upwiinl into the stylo ; stigmiiM 2. Ulricl*' poar-flhapedor oblong tho pericarp iiiembranacooufn, not adlurtiit to the inverted seed, flfmbryo annular, green, enclosing tlio tjoanty albumeni. K. Americana Wntfloii I'roc. Am. Acad, ix, 93. Woody und branch- ing at bane: Btemfl erect, mofltly aimple and virgate, 6-18 incheH lii^li, leafy, villou84oint>nt«>8e to nearly glabroua: leaves terete, linear :]-12 lines long, acutieh, ascending: flowers 1-3 in the axils, mostly with nl>i)-tivt- stamens: calyx densely white-tonientose, nearly a line broad in fruit, ihc membranouH wing as wide or wider, its lol)e8 cuneate, rounded, nervo or lobes herbaceous or somewhat fleshy, often keeled or rigiii. Stamens 1-5. Styles 2-4, slender. Pericarp membranaceous, closely investing the lenticular or globose seed. Testa erustact- ous. Embryo annular or curved around copious albumen. § 1 Chenopodiastbum Moq. in DC. Prodr. xiii, (>1. Anna als, usually somewhat mealy but not pubescent, or glandular nor aromatic. Fruit dry. Seeds lenticular, horizontal. Enibryn completely aimular. C. ALBUM L. Sp. 319. ^Lamb's Qoabtkrs.) More or lesu iiioaly t brougboiit: stem usually slender erect, commonly much branched usually 1-4 feet high: leaves rhombic-ovate or the upper ones lanceolate to liucni- lanceolate, 1-4 inches long, obtuse or acute, at least the lower ones sinuate dentate, the upper usnally entire: flowers densely clustered in simple or com- pound often p^nicled spikes: calyx about half a line broad in fruit, its segmcuts strongly keeled, usually completely enclosing the utricle: seed firmly attaclied to the pericarp. Common in cultivated fields and waste places everywhere. C. hybridam L. Sp. 619. Glabrous throughout, or the infloresconiT more or less mealy: stem rather stout erect, ?-' feet high, simple or sparing- ly branched above: leaves ovate or rliombic -ovate, long-acuminate at tlif apex, truncate, rounded or subcordate at base, sharply dentate with 1-4 large acute teeth on each side, or the upper lanceolate and f>niire, the lower ones 4- 7 inches long: flowers in large axillary and terminal panicles: calyx about a line broad its segments oblong, slightly keeled incompletely coverin>; tlie fruit; stamens 8: seed sharp-edged, firmly attached to the pericarp. In woods and thickets, Brit. Columbia to Oregon and the Atlantic States, also Em'ope. €• HURAL.E L. Sp; 219. Scarcely or not at all mealy, somewhat scurfy above: stems erect or deormbent, usually brianched 1-^ feet high: leaves rhombic-ovate bright green on both sides, acute or acumin .te at the upex, sharply and coarsely sinuate dentate, broadly cuneate or subtruncate at base, 2-4 inches long: flowers in loose axillary panicles shorter thac the leaves: .seg- ments of the salyx not entirely enclosing the utricle: seeds sharp-edged, Criniy attachedtotbe pericarp. Along the coast. Brit. Columbia to California Annual herbs CIIINOI'ODIUM CHENOPODIACE.*'. 593 n]w in th<' KiiHtoni Stnte^^ niid Kiiropv. C> leptopliyllum Nutt, Mc>q. in DC. Prodr. xiii, 71. Stem. Hlend«*r usimlly oroct ii-'M inclion liigh bmnched, mealy above: leavun^liiiear to oblotiK, wliitc-inculy beneath, finon above, acute or aciiniinatu, or tbo lower ohtuiw, I'litin* or tbo lower Homctin ch toothed, nhoi't-petioled, i\ 18 lineH lon)i;,l-3- iiervt'd: tlowcrs in Hnmll dcDHC clustcrH in dc^nne or interrupted axillary and terminal niniple or branclied NpilteM: caly.x about half a line'broad, its sef^mentH ^tl'on|J;jy keeled and nearly covering the frnit: seed not firmly attached to the pericarp. On dry liillsideg. Rrit, ('Olunibia to Cnliforniu ami tlie. (ii'ciit Laken. § 2 BoTRYOis Moq. in DC. Prodr. xiii, 272. Annualw, not mealy, moro or less glandular-pubescent, aromatic. Seeds very small, not exceeding the dry calyx, often vertical: embryo curvecl. V. Botrys L. Hp. 210. Glandular-pubescent and viscid throughout, stroiigly-Bconted, oten red or purplish: stem slender, erect, sintpie to muoh briuiched, 0-20 inches high: leaves ovate or oblong, deeply and usually irreg- ularly lobed, acute or obtuse at the apex, petioled 0-20 lines long, or the up- per ones much smaller, the lobes {mostly obtuse and dentate: Mowers very Hisall, in numerous loose axillary cymose panicles mostly longer than the i«aveB: calyx 3-r>-parted, the segments lanceolate, acute, thin, very pubes- cent, rather lontrer than the utricle: seed firmly attached to the pericarp. On i«andy bars and banks along streams, Oregon to Oalifornia and aeross the Continent: also in Europe. C. ANTHBLMiNTicuM L. Rp. 220. (ilabrous or slightly glandular, rather (lark green, strong-scented : stem much l)ranched, ascending or erect, leafy, 2- :{fcet liigh; leaves lanceolate or ovate-Iauceolate, usually acuminate at the apex, naiTOwed at base, slender-petloled, coarsely dentate or incised, 2-5 inches long, the uppermost commonly linear- lanceolate and entire: flowers in linear, usually bractless panicled spikes, or the lower spikes leafy-bracted In waste places, not common: naturalized from Europe. § it Butea: Moq. 1. c. Glabrous annuals. Flowers in crowded clusters, axillary or in spikes. Calyx becoming some- what fleshy in fruit and often colored. Seeds subglobose. C. rabrnm L. Sp. 218. 'ilabrous and somewhat fleshy, not mealy: stem erect, leafy, 1-3 feet high, often muoh branched: leaves thick 1-4 indi- es long, rhombic ovate or rhombic-lanceolate, narrowed at base, coarsely sin- uate dentate or the upper entire, petioled: flowers in erect compound leafy- bracted axillary and terminal spikes: calyx 3-5-parted its segments slightly tieshy, red, not keeled obtuse about as long as the utricle: stamens 1 or 2: seed separating from the pericarp. In saline or alkaline soil, Brit. Columbia to California and the Atlantic States also in Europe and Asia. C. hnmilis Hook. Fl. ii, 127. Glabrous annual: stem prostrate or ascending, 1-6 inches long: leaves ovate to lanceolate, 6-12 lines long, obtuse toaoute, often hastate, rarely toothed, attenuate below to a petiole: flowers in short axillary and terminal spike8.or clusters: calyx 3-5-parted, its seg- ments slightly fleshy, usually green, not Veeled: obtuse; about as long as the utricle: stamens one or two: stigmas short: seed horizontal, shining, rather sharp-edged. On muddy banks and flats. Washington and Oi-egon to Nevada and Colorado. 4 BLITUM L. Sp. 2. Annual herbs with alternate petioled rather light green leaves I * 'p IS^ OHENOPODIACE^ ULITDH M0N0LRPI8 and small green or reddish flowers in aggregated globose axillary sessile heads, or the upper heads forming an interrupted spike. Calyx 2-5-lobed, becoming pulpy and bright red in fruit. Sta- mens 1-5. Pericarp separating from the vertical shining seed. Embryo a complete ring around mealy albumen. B. capitatam L. 8p. 2. Glabrous or sparinglv pubescent, succulent : stem erect, ascending or prostrate, 6-24 inches nigh, commonly mucli branclied: le?.ves usually longer tlian wide, broadly triangular or hastate, 1-4 inches long, sinuate, or the upper ones and sometimes all of them entire, rounded to cordate at base: flowers in globose sessile heads in the axils of the upper leaves and on the sides of the upper part of the stem and branches, 2-!^ lines in diameter in flower, becoming bright red and 5-8 lines in diameter in fruit: seeds compressed, ovate, enclosed by the calyx or when mature slightly exserted. Brit. Columbia to California and the Eastern States. 5 MONOLEPIS Schrad. Ind. Sem. Gcett. iv. (1830.) Low annual branching herbs with alternate leaves and small perfect or f)olygamous flowers in small axillary clusters without bracts, calyx of a single persistent herbaceous sepal. Stamens 1. Styles 2, filiform. Pericarp membranacteous. persistent upon the vertical flattened seeds. Embryo annular around copious albu- men, its radicle turned downward. M. chenopodioldes Moq. in DC. Prodr. xiii, 85. Glabrous or some- what mealy: stem erect, much branched from the base, 3-12 inches high: leaves lanceolate, with 1 or 2 coarse teeth on each side, attenuate at base to a petiole, the upper ones much smaller, and usually entire: flower-clusterii dense, often reddish: sepal fle^y-foliaceous, oblauceolate or spatulate, acute: pericarp adherent to the seed, minutely pitted: seed half a iine broad, the mar- gin acute. In moist places, Washington to California and the Saskatchewan. M> spatalata Gray Proc. Am. Acad, viii, 386. Subpubescent or glab' rous: stem decumbent or ascending, S-6 inches high with elongated leafy bran' ches leaves narrowly spatulate, 6 lines long or less, acute entire: flowers 10-20' in dense clusters: sepal spatulate obtuse: pericarp separating from the seedi minutely papillose: seed less than >^ line broad. Eastern Oregon to Mono Pass, California. M» pnslUa Torr. Watson Bot. King 284. Stem erect, dichotomoualy much branched from the base 2-6 inches high, slender somewhat mealy, be- coming glabrous often reddish^: leaves oblong 3-6 lines long, obtuse, entire, .shortly petioled: clusters 1-2-flowered; sepal obtuse: pericarp adherent, min- utely tuberculateifseeds less than J^ line broad, acnte-margined. Alkaline valleys, eastern Washington to Nevada. Tribe 2 Atriplicese Moq. in DC. Prodr. xiii, part 2, 89. Steim not articulated nor leaves fieahy. Flowers monoecious or dicecious; the. staminaie with 3-5-clefi calyx; the pistillate without calyx, enclos- ed in a pair of more or less united bracis. Seed free, vertical, with annular embryo and copious albumen. 6 ATRIPLEX L. Sp. 1052. Herbs or shrubs with alternate or rarely opposite leaves and small greenish flowers in panicles or spikes or capitate-clustered ATRIPLGX CHENOPODIACEi« 596 in the axils. Staminate flowers bractless, coni»isting of a 3-5-parted calyx and an equal number of stamens and with or without a rudi- mentary ovary. Pistillate flowers subtended by 2 bractlets which enlarge in fruit and are more or less united: calyx none. Ovary globose or ovoid. Stigmas 2. Utricle completely or partially enclosed by the enlarged bractlets. Seeds vertical or rarely hori- zontal. Embryo annular. § 1 Annuals : somewhat succulent. Fruiting bracts herbace- ous or coriaceous, free or nearly so. Flowers androgynous or sub- dioecious in leaiy or naked spikes. Radicle inferior or somewhat ascending. * Leaves usually more or less hastate, the lowest opposite: bracts ovate- rhombic to tiiangular ur hastate, often crested, the margins foliaceous, entire or toothed, A. patnla L. Sp. 1053. Glabrous and dark green or somewhat scurfy above: 8tem much branched, diffuse, ascending or erect, 1-3 feet long: leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, slender-petioled or the uppermost nearly ses- sile, entire, sparingly toothed or 3-lobed below the middle, acuminate at the apex, narrowed or cuneate at base, 1-5 inches long: flowers in panicled in- terrupted mostly leafless spikes and usually also capitate in the upper axils: fruiting bractlets united only at the base, fleshy, triangulai* or rhombic, 3-4 lines wide their sides often tuberoled. In saline places mostly along the coast, Alaska to California: also on the Atlantic coast and Europe. * * Leaves petioled: bracts ovate to linear, mostly 4-6 lines long, entire and not mai'gined nor appendaged, only the apex foliaceous. A. zostersefoUa Watson Proc. ^m. Acad, ix, 109. Weak and slender' ascending, a foot high or less, diffusely branched, glabrous or slightly scurfy: leaves fleshy, mostly opposite, linear, 1-4 inches long, 1}4 line broad: flowers in axillary clusters and in short axillary androgynous spikes: calyx deeply 5- cleft: bracts linear, somewhat unequal, 1-2 lines becoming 4-6 lines long, free, fleshy: immature seed less than half a line broad: radicle, slightly ascending: mature fruit unknown. Collected only by Scouler at the Straits of De Fuca . § 2 Annuals with alternate or sometimes opposite leaves. Radicle superior. A. pnsilla Watson 1. c. 110. Hoary-scurfy throughout : stem slender, ■2-6 inches high, diff'usely much-branched, leafy; leaves broadly ovate to ob- long-lanceolate, 2-4 lines long, acute, sessile, entire, mostly crowded on the branches: flowers minute, subsolitary or one of each sex in the axils: calyx deeply 5-cleft: bracts ovate, half a line long in fruit, acutish, not foliaceously margined nor appendaged: style exserted: seeds with thin transparent testa. On alkaline plains, southeastern Oregon to Nevada. At truncata Gray Proc. Am. Acad, vtii, 398. Rather stout, erect and mostly striate, 1-3 feet high, sparingly branched: leaves broadly ovate, 18 lines long, truncate or cordat^ at ba«e> acute, sessile or the lower shortly petioled, spikes more or less leafy: fruiting bracts coriaceous, l}4 lines long, ovate-ob- long sessile or shortly pedicelled, united up to the truncate herbaceous sum- mit, which is obtusely 3-toothed the sides rarely subtuberculate: calyx mostly 3-4-parted. Oregon to Nevada. A. argentea Nutt. Gen. i, 198. Grayish-scurfy or nearly glabrous : stem erect, ascending or„ decumbent, 6-8 inches high, diffusely branched 1 ■ '}. i I' 596 GHENOfODIAOEili: AtBtPLBX and leafr: leaves rather thick, deltoid or triangular-ovate or Bubrhombic, often aubhastate )^-2 inches long, acute or obtuse, opposite and petioled or the upper sessile and alternate : flowers in capitate axillary cluaters or the slaminate in short dense spikes: fruiting bracts shortly pedicelled, united nearly or quite to the top, more or less acutely and deeply toothed, the aides UBually tubercled or crested. Dry or saline soil, eastern Oregon to Oalifornia and Nebraska. § 3 More or less shrubby perennials, closely appressed-scurfy, mostly dioecious. Leaves mostly alternate. Radicle usually superior. km Nattallii Watson Proc. Am- Acad, ix, 116. Stems erect, shrubby 1-3 feet high branching mostly from the base, bark nearly white: leaves narrowly oblong or oblanceolate 6-24 lines long, narrowed at base, sessile, entire : flowers in terminal spikes and capitate clustered in*.the ax- ils, often stricily dioBcious: calyx 6-cleft : bracts ovate, united to above the middle, mostly nessile, becoming suborbicular, 1-2 lines long, not compressed, the margins and summit irregularly gaah-toothed and the sides usually muricate or toothed. In dry saline soil, eastern Oregon to Brit. Oolumbia and Nebraska. A* confertlfolia Watson 1. c. 119. A much branched spinescent shrub 1-6 feet high, hoary-scurfy: leaves alternate, ovate or obovate tolanceolate, 2-8 lines long, obtuse or acutish, cuneate at base, sessile or short- petioled, entire: flowers in small axillary clusters : calyx 5-parted : bracts thick and scurfy, about 6 lines broad, suborbicular, with free entire margins, not veined nor appendaged, sessile, united at the cuneate base around the set-d and broadljr margined above: seed a line broad, filling the cavity. On alkaline plains, eastern Oregon and Idaho to New Mexico. 7 EUBOTIA Adans. Fam. PI. ii. 260. (1763.) Low pubescent underslirubs, with alternate entire leaves and small clusters of axillary and subspicate flowers. Flowers dioeci- ous or moncecious. Staminate flowers bractless, the calyx 4-parte(i with unappendaged !obes and as many stamens: filaments slen- der, exserted. Pistillate flowers without calyx, bibracteate. Bracts sessile, somewhat obcompressed, united to the apex, becom- ing enlarged and rather rigidly membranaceous, not winged, 2- horned at the apex, the sides densely covered with long spreading tufted hairs. Ovary oblong-ovate sessile, hairy, firmly membran- aceous. Styles 2, exserted. Seed vertical, obovate, the testa sim- [)le. Cotyledons broad and green : radicle inferior. E* lanata Moq. Enum. Ghenop. 81. White-tomentose throughout with stellate hairs : stems erect, witn strict ascending leafy branches, 6-30 inches high: leaves H near to narrowly lanceolate, with ruvolcite margins, t)-18 lines long, obtu.ie: calyx-lobes ovate, acute, hairy: bracts lanceolate, 2-S lines long in fruit,, with 2 short horns at the apex, penicillate with 4 dense spreading tuftii of silvery white hairi : utricle loose, the pericarp readily separating from the large seed. On dry ridges, eastern Brit. Co- lumbia to Oalifornia and Nebraska. 8 EREMOSEMIUM Greene Pitt, iv, 225. ' Subspinescent undershrubs with alternate entire leaves: and stuall flowers in axillary clusters or terminal spikes. Flowers .TBIPLEX BREHOaEMIUM (X)KIBPERHaM CHENOPODIACEiE 087 dioecious or sometimes monoecious. Calyx of the bractless stamin- ate flowers mostly 4-parted, the 4-5 stamens central, with short subulate filaments. Pistillate flowers without calyx, enveloped in I he obconapressed membranaceous bracts which are united into an orbicular flattened sac with a small naked orifice at the apex, adherent below to eacli other and to the pedicel of the ovary, be- coming enlarged and reticulately veined and somewhat wavy- inargined vertically. Styles 2, slender, at first exserted. Seeds vertical, with a membranaceous testa. Embryo annular: radicle inferior. E. splnosa Greene Pitt. iv. 225 Grayia polyaaloideB H. & A. Stems ereit, diffusely branched, 1-4 feet high, the brancblets often spines- cent: leaves rather fleshy, glabrous or at first with the youne branches somewhat mealy, oblanceolate or spatulate to obovate, 6-15 lines long, obtuse or a«-nte, narrowed at base and sometimes petioled : staminate flow- ers in axillary clusters, the pistillate mostly spirate : fruiting bracts 3-6 tines in diairdter, sessile, smooth, emarginate, thin, white or pinkish : the seed usually central, about ^ of a line broad. On rocky ridges, eastern Oregon to California and Utah. Tribe 3 Coriapermeae Moq. Chenop. 101. Stems not articulated. Leaves not fleshy. Flowers perfect, bractless. Pericarp adherent to >he vertical seed. Embryo annular around copious albumen. 0 OORISPERMUM L. Sp. 4. Annual herbs with alternate leaves and "mall perfect bractless green flowers solitary in the axils, forming narrow leafy terminal spiketj, thf upper leaves shorter and broader than the lower. Calyx 1 or 2 thin broad sepals. Stsmens 1-3, rarely more and one of them longer. Ovary ovoid: styles 2. Utricle ellipsoidal, mostly plano-convex, the pericarp firmly adherent to the vertical seed, its margins acute or winged. Embryo annular, surrounding somewhat fleshy albumen : radicle inferior. C. hyssopifoliam L. Sp. 4. More or less floccose or villous-pubescent : stem erect, 6-18 inches high, diffusely much branched: leaves linear, 9-18 linos Icng, cuspidate : floral bracts reduced more or less abruptly, from linear-lanceolate to ovate, acute to acuminate, membranou.?ly margined: sepals rarely wanting, shorter than the bracts: Etamens more or less per- fectly developed : fruit l^-2 lines long narrowlv winged, obtuse, often mucronate with the projecting style. On sandy alkaline plains, Alaska to California and the Atlantic States and Europe. Tribe 4 Salicorniex Dumort. Moq. in DC. Prodr. xiii pt. 2, 144- Fleshy saline plants with jointed stems and scale-liJce leaves. Flow- ers mostly perfect, immersed bi threes in depressions in the rachis of a Close cylindrical spike. Seed vertical. Embryo annular, with little albumen. 9 SALICORNIA L. 8p. 3. Fleshy annual or perennial plants with opposite terete branches scale-like leaves and small perfect, or the lateral staminate, flow- ers in heads of H-7 sunken in the axils of the upper scales, form- I 598 OHENOPODIACE/*: SALICORNIA 8ARCOBATCS ing terminal narrow spikes. Calyx obpyramidal or rhomboid, fleshy, 3-4-toothed or truncate, becoming spongy in fruit, decidu- ous. Stamens 1 or 2, exserted : filaments cylindric, short: anthers oblong. Ovary ovoid: styles or stigmas 2. Utricle enclosed ir. the spongy fruiting calyx, the pericarp membranaceous. Seed erect, compressed. Embryo conduplicate. 8. herbacea L. Sp. ed. 2, 5. Annual : atem erect, rather slender, 6-18inche8 high, usually diffusely branched: spikes 1-3 inches long, coming a lineormore thick: scales narrow, tnincate or shortly acute:] flowers in threes, the middle one twice higher than the lateral ones, slightly shorter than the joint: fruit pubescent: seeds % to nearly a line long. In saltmarshes and wet saline places, Oregon to the Atlantic coast: Europe and Asia. S. ambiffaa Michx. Fl. i, 2. Perennial by a woody base : stems cumbent and rooting at the nodes, or ascending, 6-18 inches long, the I branches nearly simple: spikes 6-18 hues long, slender, short jointed: scales short, acutisb or acute : flowers nearly equal in height and equalling the joint : seeds pubescent, H of a line long. Along the coast, Alaska to | California and the Atlantic coast. Tribe 5 Suedese Moq. I. c. 152, Stems not articulated. LeavA fleshy J terete. Embryo spiral, with little or no albumen. 10 SXRCOBATUS Nees in Max. Reise. N. A. i, 610. Subspinescent rigidly branched shrubs with alternate fleshy I leaves and small green flowers in terminal aments and solitary in| the axils. « Flowers monoecious or dioecious without bracts, di- morphous: the staminate in terminal aments, without calyx, thel stamens irregularly arranged around the base of stipitate peltate I scales: the pistillate axillary and solitary with a closed compressf ed-ovate calyx adherent at the base of the stigma, and margine?"' laterally by a narrow erect border which developes into a broad membranaceous horizontal wing. Ovary thin and hyaline, nearly| filled by the ovule. Embryo spiral with little or no albumen. S. Term^cnlatns Torr. Emory's Rep. 150. o.abrous or the younJ twiga and leaves grayish pubescent: stems erect, 2-8 feet high, much bran-f chm, the branches with a smooth white bark, leafy and spiny or spineaj cent: leaves linear, entire, 6-18 lines long, narrowed at both ends: stamini ate spikes cylindrical, 3-12 lines long, narrow, the persistent scales spiralljl arranged, rhombic-ovate, acute : stamens about 3, soon falling : fruitin{;| calyx coriaceous, 2-3 lines long, the wing 2-3 lines broad : seeds half a line! in diameter. ^ In .alkaline soil, eastern Washington to California aniif Nebrabka. . . ; > 11 DONDIA Adana. Fam. PI. ii, 216. (1776.) SVMDA Forak. {1775.) Herbs or low shrubs with alternate fleshy subterete leaves small axillary clustered or solitary perfect, or rarely polygamou minutely bracteolate flowers. Calyx 5- parted or 5-cleft, the loli fleshy, unappendaged or more or lesf. strongly carinate or crestei or becoming somewhat winged, enclosing the fruit. Stamens! Styles 2, rarely 3 or 4, short and rather stout. Pericarp men DONOIA SALBOLA OHENOPODIACE^ 699 branaceous, free. Seeds comprsssed. vertical and with the radicle inferior or horizontal : the testa smooth, black and crustaceous. D. dilTasa Watson Proc Am Acad, ix, 88, under Suteda. C41abrouaor more or less pubeicent, green or often purple. Stem erect, 12-18 inches high, diffusely branched with usually slender flexuouo elongated branches: leaves subterete, 6-12 lines long, acute or acuminate, the floral ones similar but shorter, usually rather distant on the branchlets ; clusters 2-4-flowered : calyx cleft to belov/ the middle flj'shy, but carinate: seeds mostly vertical half a line broad, perfectly smooth. Common on alkaline plains, southeas- tern Oregon i,o Nevada and New Mexico. D, depressa Biitton B. & B. 111. Fl. i. 585 Suifila depre»m Watson. Low and mostly decumbent, branching from the bafe, smooth, the lowest branches sometimes opposite: leaves linear, 3-12 lines long, broadest at base, the floral ones oblong to ovate-lanceolate or ovate, acute, rather crow- ded upon the branchlets : calyx cleft to the middle, one or more of the ac- ute lobes very strongly carinate or crested : seed vertical or horizontal, ^ line broad, very lightly reticulate. Idaho to Nevada, Colorado and the I Saskatchewan,' D. occidentalis Watson Proc. Am. Acad, ix, 90 under Sueeda. "Erect I slender, 8-10 inches high, pmooth, with elongated fle*xuou8 spreading Ibranches: leaves linear, %-\ inches long, acute, narrow at base, the floral I leaves somewhat widest: flowers few in the axils: calyx cleft nearly to' the jmlddle, with obtuse lobes, at length surrounded by a transverse irregular llobed veinless wing a line broad : seed horizontal, % ^in^ broad, obscurely 1 reticulated." Eastern Washington to Nevada. D. Intermedia Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xiv, 296, under Sueeda. '* Perennial, the straight erect slender herbaceous stems from a short woody , 9-18 inches high, glabrous or sometimes puberulent: branchlets ilso slender, ascending : leaves very narrowly linear, with acontracted base, ute, 6-10 lines long, much shorter on the branches: fertile flowers very mall, often solitary the deeply cleft calyx unappendaged: seed very small ^of a line broad), horizontal, not at all tuberculate under the microscope." Eastern Oregon to Utah and Arizona. Tribe 6 SoUolese Moq. Annal. Sci. Nat. series 2, 209. Stems bf articulated. Leaves subterete. Flowers perfect, S-bracted. oepalspersiHtent. Seeds horizontal or vertical, with simple membra- iaceous testa. Embryo spiral. 13 SALSOLA L. Sp. 222. Annual or perennial branched herbs with rigid subulate prickly- ttinted leaves and sessile perfect 2-bracteolate flowers solitary the axils, or sometimes several together. Calyx 5-parted, its figments appendaged by a broad membranous horizontal wing in pit and enclosing the utricle Stamens 5. Ovary depressed : lyles 2. Utricle flattened. Seed horizontal. Embryo coiled into jconic-spiral: albumen none. , .^ ^ TRAGDS L. Sp. ed. 2,322. Annual, Glabrous, loosely bushy-branch- B 1-2 feet high : leaves 3-10 lines long succulent, lanceolate- subulate the lidnerve excurrent into a stout yellowish-green prickle often bright red j maturity : calyx membranaceous, conppicuously veiny, its wing longer (an the aicending lobe. In cultivated fields, eastern Oregon and Wash- {ton to the Atlantic States: naturalized from Europe im ELJEAGJUAOEJE nUBBLLULAKIA SHEPHERUIV k, Order LXXIX LAURACE^ Lindl, Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 200. Aromatic trees or shrubs with alternate, very rarely opposite, mostly thick, petioled leaves without stipules and small flowers in panicles, racemes or umbels. Calvx 4-6 parted, the seg- ments imbricated in 2 series in the bud. Stamens inserted in 3 or 4 series of 3, on the calyx, distinct, some of them often im- perfect or reduced to staminoidea : anthers 2-celled or 4-celled opening by valves. Ovary superior, free from the calyx, 1-cell- ed with a solitary anati'opous pendulous ovule. Style filiform or short, rarely almost wanting: stigma discoid or capitate. Fruit a drupe or berry. Embryo filling the seed, with large plano-convex cotyledons and short included radicle. 1 UMBELLULARIA Nutt. Sylv. i, 87. Shrubs or trees with alternate thick evergreen leaves and small perfect flowers in axillary umbels which are included before ex- pansion in involucres consisting of 4 broad caducous bracts. Cajyx deciduous, 6-parted. Stamens 9, inserted on the throat in 3 rows, the 3 inner ones with a fleshy 2-lobed stipitate gland on each side at base, alternating with Sligulate staminoidea: antherc 4-celled, 4-valved, the outer introrse, the inner extrorse. Stigma dilated, somewhat lobed. Drupe subglobose, subtended by the thickened baiSe of the calyx. U. Californica Nutt. Sylv i, 87. A ha ndpome shrub or tree 10-70 feet hijili or more, young branches, petioles and inflorescence somewhat pnlieru- lent: leaves green, and shining, lanceolate-olilong, acute at each end or sometimes rounded at base, 2-4 inches long, short-petioled, very aromatic; peduncles in an apparently terminal panicle, or solitary in the upper axils, 6-12 lines long, 6-10-flowered : involucral bracts ovate, imbricated : pedicels 1-5 lines long, usually bracteate at base: sepals yellowish-green 1^-3 lines long, oblong to ovate : stamens included : drupes on short ctoat pedunrles, ovate-elliptical or globose, nearly an inch long. Along streams, southwes- tern Oregon to California. Order LXXX ELiEAGNACEiE Lindl. \ c. 194. Shrubs or trees, mostly silvery-scaly or stellate-pubesceBt, with entire alternate or opposite leaves and perfect polygamous I or dioecious flowers clustered in the axils or at the nodes of branchlets of the previous season, rarely solitary. Lower part of the calyx of pistillate flowers tubular or urn -shaped, enclos- 1 ing the ovary and persistent, the iipper part 4-lobed or 4-cleft deciduous : calyx of the staminate flowers 4-parted or 2-parted. Stamens 4 or 8 : those of perfect flowers borne on the throat of | the calyx : anthers 2-celled, the cells longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary l-celled, with a solitary anatropous erect ovule. Fruit I dru^e-like, the base of the calyx becoming thickened and en- closing the achene or nut. Embryo straight, with little or no | albumen. ilHBPHlKDtA (JBLTIB ULMAOEili: Ml saves and small uded before ex- ducous bracts. )n tbe throat in )itate gland on noidea: anthers trorse. Stigma ibtended by the ) or tree 10-70 feel lomewhatpnl'eru- , ite at each end or | >d, very aromatic; n the upper axils, i bricated : pedicels i-green 1^-3 lines I •t ftout peduncles, treame, Bouthwes- c. 194. late-pubescent, ect polygamous ' tne nodes of J . Lower part shaped, enclos- obed or 4-cleft ted or 2-parted. 3n the throat of Qally dehiscent. t ovule. Fruit, ckened and en- with little or no I SHEPHBBDIA Nutt. Gen. ii, 240. Shrubs with opposite petiole d leaves and small dioecious or polygamous flowers subspicate at 1 he nodes of the previou.s season's growth, or axillary : the pistillate few or solitary. Pistillate flow- j er< with an urn-shaped or ovoid calyx bearing an 8-lobed disk I it its mouth which nearly closes it. Stylo somewhat exserted. [Calyx of the staminate flowers 4-parled. Stamens 8, alternating *ith as many lobes of the disk. Fruit drupe-like, the fleshy base I of the calyx enclosing a nut or achene. Canadensis Nutt. Gen. ii, 240. A thomless shrub with dark I brown or (grayish bark, the young shoots brown scurfy : leaves ovate or oval, obtuse, entire, rounded at base, 12-18 lines long, green and .sparingly stellate-scurfy above, densely silvery and brown-stellate beneath, on peti- oles 2-6 lines long: flowers in short spiKes at the nodes of the twigs, yel- lowish: heads globo.se, less than a line in diameter, forming in summer, expanding with or before the leaves the following .spring: calyx about 2 I lines broad when expanded: fruit oval, red or yellowish. 2-:^ lines long, Ithe nut smooth. In the mountains, Brit. Columbia to eastern Oregon and [across the continent. 8. argentea Nutt. 1. c. A shrub 6-18 feet h'gh, the twigs often ter- minating in thorns : leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 1-:^ inches long, obtose, usually cuneate-narrowed at base, densely silvery-pcurfy on both lilies. 2-6 lines long : flowers fascicled at the nodes, the globose buds very liilvery : fruit ovoid to oblong, sour, edible. Alaska to California and lUinnesota. Order LXXXI ULMACEiE Mirbei Elem. ii, 905. Trees or shrubs with alternate leaves with small fugaceous |8tipules,and small monuecious, dioecious, polygamous or por- jtect flowers in lateral or axillary clusters, or the pistillate sol- ,. Calyx 3-9-parted or of 3-9 distinct sepals. Stamens, i cur species, as many as lobes of the calyx and opposite them: ilaments straight: anthers longitudinally dehiscent, Ovary 1- Icelled, rarely 2-celled, mostly superior, with a solitary pendu- loos anptropous or amphitropous ovule: styles or stigmas 2. Trait a samara, drupe or nut. Embryo straight or curved, ith little or no albumen. Cotyledons mostly flat. 1 CELTIS L. Sp. 1043. Trees or shrubs with alternate leaves and small monoecious or olygamous flowers borne in the axils of leaves of the season, he staminate clustered, the pistillate solitary or 2-3 together. Calyx 4-6-parted or of distinct sepals. Stamens .as many as se- Is: filaments erect, exserted. Ovary sessile : stigmas 2, recurv- or divergent, tomentose or plumose. Fruit an ovoid or ilobose drupe. [C« occidentalis L. Sp. 1044. A tree or shrub 4-120 feet high, with irk brown rough bark, the twigs glabrous: leaves ovate or ovate-lanceo- ^te, sharply serrate, mostly thin, acute or acumiient9 ovate-lanceolate or oblong, deciduous: drupe globose 2-3 lines long, black when mature. Along streams eastern Oregon to Brit. Columbia and the Rocky Mountains. Order LXXXII URTICACE^ Reichenb. Consp. 83. (1820.). Herbs, rarely shrubs with watery juice, alternate or opposite mostly stipulate simple leaves and small greenish dioecious, monoecious or polygamous flowers variously clustered. Calyx 2-5 cleft or of distinct sepals. Stamens as many at; lobes of the calyx or sepals and opposite them, the filaments inflexed and anthers reversed in the bud, straightening at anthesis. Ovary superior, 1-celled: style simple : stigma capitate and penicillate. Ovule solitary, erect or ascending. Fruit an achene. Embryo straight, in oily albumen. 1 Urtlca Herbs with opposite leaves and stinging hairs. 2 Fart«taria Eerbs with alternate leaves without stinging hairs. 1 URTICA L. Sp. 983. (Nbttles.) Herbs with 4-angled sulcata stems, stinging hairs, opposite j leaves with distinct lateral stipules and small flowers clustered in axillary geminate racemes, spikes or loose heads without bracts Staminate flowers on jointed pedicels with 4 sepals, 4 stamens and a rudimentary cup-shaped ovary: the pistillate with 4 sepals, the] 4 outer small and spreading, the inner erect, becoming membran- aceous and enclosing the flattened ovate achene. Stigma sessile,] capitate, tufted. U. holosericea Nutt. PI. Gambel. 183. Stems stout, 4-8 feet high, usually simple ashy-scurfy and sparingly armed with stinging bristles: leaves ovate-lanceolate, 2-U inches long, very coarsely serrate, acuminate green above, whitish beneath with a dense minute pubescence, rounded) or subcordate at base, all petioled : stipules membranaceous, 6 lines Iodj;, j oblong, obtuse or acute : staminate flowers in loose slender diffuse paniclesi nearly equalling the leaves: pistillate panicles denser and shorter: inneri sepals ovate, densely hispid }i line long, about equalling the broadly ovatej acnene. About springs and along streams in tne dry interior regions,' Washington to California and Utah. U. Breweri Watson Proc. Am. Acad, x, 348. Grayish with a short: I somewhat hispid pubescence ur nearly glabrous : stem stout, 4-6 feet bi);b,| stipules membranaceous, oblong-lanceolate: leaves thin, finely pubescentl soon glabrate, or roughish above, ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 2-6 inchesl lon|[, acute or slightly cordate at base, coarsely serrate, on slender petioIe8,r 1-3 inches long or more : flowers in short open panicles scarceljr exceedinn the petioles: sepals obovate or rounded, obtuse, minutely hispid, ne&rly s| line long and nearly twice longer than the broadly ovate achene. Along | streams. Southern Oregon to California and Colorado. UBTICA PAKIKTARIA URTICACEiE 603 U< Lyallll Watson 1. c. More or less pubescent, becoming nearly glabrous with scattered bristles: rtems slender, 4-6 feet high : stipules large, membranaceous, broadly oblong, ok' <)e : leaves ovate, somewhat cordate at base, acute, 3-9 inches long or m':,i-e, coarsely serrate, on slen'er petioles 1-4 inches long; flowers in loose slen punite or ternate: staminate Howfr-< pedicelled: caly< with oblong ohtiise negmt* nts a line long: pistillate flowers in the lower axils, 1-3 together: ovary and style densely pubescent: capsule obovite-oblong 2 linen 1 ng, smooth and shining, filled by the seed. In dry valleys, eastern Washing- ton to California. 2 EUPHORBIA L. Sp. 460. Herbs or shrubs with alternate, opposite or verticillate leaves and usually small monoecious flowers without floral envelopes but subtended by a to[)-shaped or campiinulate involucre. Staminate flowers numerous, of a single naked stamen jointed upon a short | pedicel which has usually a minute bract at base : anther-cells globose, distinct: pistillate flowers solitary in the center of the| involucre, pedicellate and soon exserted, Ovary 3-celled and 3- ovuled: styles 3, usually 2-cleft. Cotyledons linear or ovate. E* serpyllirolia Pers. Syn. ii, 14. Glabrous dark green or reddish I annual: stem branched from the base, the slender* branches prostrate or I ascending, 2-15 inches long: leaves oblong to spatulate, 1-6 inches long, [ obtuse or retuse, nearly entire or serrulate to below the middle, short- {)etioled. the bane oblique, mostly truncate or obtuse: stipules at length a ringe of weak setae: involucres solitary in the axils, Bonietimes clu» glyptosperma Engelm. Hot, Mex. Bound. Serv. 187. Pale green ami glabrous annual: stem branching from near the base, the branches ascending, spreading or prostrate, 2-15 inches lotig : leaves oblong to linear- oblong or ovate, 1-9 lines lona, more or less falcate, obtuse at the apex, serrulate, very oblique and obtuse or subcordate at base, short- petioled: Btipules becoming a fringe of setae : involucres solitary in the axils, cam pan- ulate, half a line long, wiih 4 dark ribs and 4 saucer-shape glands, their appendages narrow, crenulateor slightly lobed: capsule depressed-globose, less than a line in diameter, nodding: seeds oblong, half a line long, ash- color, strongly transversely wrinkled, not pitted. In sandy places, Brit. Cbtambia to California, Ontario and Connecticut. El mncatita L. Sp. 515. Puberulent or pilose annual : slem branched from the base, tlie branches sleader, radiately spreading, 2-15 inches long, prostrate, often dark red: leaves usually blotched, oblong or ovate-oblong 2-8 lines long, obtuse, more or leas serrate, short- petioled, the base oblique, subcordate: stipules a fringe of setae: involucres solitary in the axils, en- tire, half a line long, with 4 cup-shaped glands, the appendages narrow, white or red, crenulate: capsule ovoid, glabrous, about a line in diameter, pabeacent: seeds ovoid-oblong, obtusely angled, ash-color, minutely pittea and transversely wrinkled. Throughout North America except the ex . treme north. E. Lathyrus L. Hp. 457. Annual or biennial, glabrous and glaucous. Stem atout 1-3 feet hign, mostly simple below, umbellately branched above : leaves numerous, the lower scattered, those subtending the branches verti- dilate, the lower linear, reflexed , the upper lanceolate, 1-5 inches long, entire, seaaile, subcordate : involucres 2-3 lines long, bearing 4 cresent- shaped unappendai^ed glands prolonged into short horns*, capsule subglo- bose,5-6 lines in diameter, its lobes rounded : seeds oblong-ovoid, 2-3 lines long, terete, usually wrinkled. In waste places. Native of Europe. £• dictyosperma F. & M. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. ii, 37. Glabrous innunl: stem erect, rather slender, 4-15 inches high, simple, or branched Iromthe base: leaves, except those subtending the inflorescence scattered, spatulate or oblong, 6-18 lines long, obtuse, serrate to below the middle. sessile, without stipules, the upper slightly auricled at base : bracts oblong or ovate, small, serrate, cordate : inflorescence dichotomously paniculate : involucres solitary in the axils, less than a line long, with 4 oblong naked nearly aeaaile glands : capsule depressed-globose, less than 2 lines in diame- ter, with elongated warts: seeds ovoid, lenticular, reddish-brown, finely I but distinctly reticulated. Southern Oregon to California and the Atlantic States. E. crennlata Engelm. 1. c. Biennial or sometimes perennial: ^lab- I roDs: atems erect or decumbent at the branching base, 6-12 inches high: leaves ot)ovate-spatulate, obtuse, often mucronate, 6-15 lines long, without I Btipules, the upper ones sometimes erose-denticulate, those on the branch- I and floral ones opposite or usually ternate, deltoid or broadly rhombic- j ovate, sometimes connate, acute 3-8 lines broad : floral branches 2-3 times dlchotomous, the upper nodes much the shorter: involucres solitary in the axils, turbinate, the oblong lobes nearly entire: glands large crescent- shaped, the slender horns sometimes cleft: capsule 2 lines in di&meter: Beeds usually ash color, oblong-ovate, conspicuously dark-pitted. In open woods, western Oregon to California. !H 606 ARISTOLOCHIACEiE ■MPRTRDM A8AR0M Order LXXXIV EMPETRACEiE Dumort. Fl. Belg. lOi). Low evergreen shrubs with watery juice, small narrow loiive:) without stipules and small dioecious or polygamous flowM-s Id terminal beads or axillary. Calyx of 3 sepals sometimes :i fow petals also present. Staminate nowers with 2-4 stamens ; fila- ments filiform: anther 2-celled, the cells longitudinally dohis- oent: sometimes a rudimentary pistil present. Pistillate flowers with a 2-several-celled sessile ovary : the single style cleft into as many segments as cells of the ovary. Ovules one in each cell, amphitropous. Fruit a berry-like drupe containing 2-sev- eral 1- seeded nutlets. Embryo straight, terete, in copious albumen. 1 EMPETRUM L. 8p. 1022. Depressed or spreading, freely branching shrubs with narrow sessile leaves and small flowers solitary in the upper axils. Sep- als mostly 3. often with as many petals. Staminate flowers with 3 stamens, the anthers introrse. Pistillate flowers with a globose 6-9-celled ovary and short thick style with 6-9-toothed segments, Drupe black or red, containing 6-9 nutlets. E« ntgrnm L .Sp. 1022. Glabrous or the young shoots pubescent : stems 6-18 inches long, usually much branched, tlie branches diftusely spreading: leaves crowded dark green, linear-oblong, obtuse, 2-4 lines long, the strun- gly revolute margins roughiah: flowers very small, purpli^ih: stamens ex- serted: drupe 2-3 lines in diameter, usually not mat(irin>; until the follow- ing sea-ion. On rocky banks near the coast, California to the Arctic regions, and on the northern Atlantic coast Europe and Asia. Order LXXXV ARISTOLOCHIACE^ Blume Enum. PI. Jav. 181, (1830.) Herbs or shrubs with watery juice, alternate or all radical leaves without stipules and mostly large tlowers solitary or clus tered in the axils of the leaves or terminal. Calyx-tube adnate j to the ovary, its limb S-lobed^ 6-lobed or irregular. Stam ns 6- many, inserted on the pistil : anthers 2-celled. extrorse longitu- d nally dehiscent. Ovary wholly or partly inferior, mostly 6 cel- led. Ovules numerous in each cell, anatropous, horizon'al ori pendulous. Fruit a many-seeded mostly 6-celled capsule. Seeds ovoid or oblong, angled or compressed, the testa crustaceou9,| smooth or wrinkled, usually with a fleshy or dilated raphe. Em- bryo minute, in copious fleshy albumen. 1 ASARUM L. 8p. 442. Acaulescent perennials with cordate long-petioled leaves and I dull-colored flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves. Calyx campanulate or hemispheric, adnate to the ovary, at least belo\v,l regularly 3-lobed, the lobes valvate. Stamens 12. inserted on thel ovary. Ovary partly or wholly inferior, 6-celled, the parietal I placentae intruded. Capsule coriaceous, crowned by the marces- A8ARUM COMANIIRA SANTALACEiK 601 cent i-nlyx and BtamenB, at length burpting irregularly, or lonpi- tudinally dflhiscent. Seeds compressed. A. cavdatam Lindl. Bot. Re(;. xvii, under t. 1390. Rootfitncks cr ^• inir, 6-12 inches Inng: leaves rounded-cordiite witli Inrge rounded Hurictes, iark green, not marked with white, 2-4 inches broad, rallier sparsely pu- bescent with short stiff hairs, obscurely crenulate and tlnely ciliate, on sparsely hairy petioles 3-10 inches long, renia'ninK xreen until the next pair are mature; flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves and thus becom- ing terminal, on slender peituncles 1-2 implies lonv, dark brown, the ovate lobes attenuate intoslenaer appendattes 1-3 inches long, more or less pu- bescent : filaments stout, the free apex of the connective much shorter than the anthers: styles united, eqtiallirg the stamens: seeds ovate, 1)^ lines long. In forests, Brit. Columbia to California. A. Hartwegl Watson Proc. Am. Acad x, 346. ? Sather stout, tufted, more or less floi'cose-pubescent: leaves usually large, 2-6 inches long, rather thick and marked with white above, nearly smooth, deeply cordate with large rounded auricles, somewhat acuminate, finely ciliate, on woolly Eetioles 4-8 inches long: peduncles 6-18 lines long: ovary about H lines road, white woolly: lobes of the calyx ovate, narrowed to linear append- ages 1-2 inches long: filaments rather stout, nearly free from the si vies: anthers about a line long, the produced connective setose, about a line fong : strles short, nearly distinct, scarcely equalling the anthers: seeds ovate, 2 lines long. In forests, southwestern Oregon to California. Order LXXXVI SANTALACEiE R. Br. PI. Nov. Hoi. i, 350. (1«10) Herbs shrubs or trees with alternate or opposite leaves with- out stipules and mostly small solitary or clustered axillary or terminal flowers. Calyx adnate to the base of the ovary or to the disk, 3-5-lobed, the lobes valvate. Stamens as many as lobes of the calyx and inserted near their bases, or opposite them upon the lobes of an annular disk. Ovary 1-celled: ovules 2-4. pendulous from the summit of the central placenta. Style cylindric or conic, sometimes wanting: stigma capitate. Fruit a drupe or nut. Seed solitary, ovoid or globose, without testa. Embryo small, apical, with copious albumen. 1 COMANDRA Nutt. Gen i, 157. (1818.) Glabrous perennial herbs, mostl}' parasitic on the roots of other plants with alternate leaves and small perfect flowers in terminal and axillary bractless cymes. Calyx campanulate. the base of its tube adnate to the ovary, its limb 5-lobed, Stamens inserted at the base of the cal> x-lobes and between the lobes of the disk, attached to the middle of the lobes by tufts of hairs. Anthers ovate, 2-celled. Friiit drupaceous, crowned by the persistent calyx. Ct nmbellata Nutt. 1. c. Stems slender, very leafy, branched. 6-18 inches high : leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, pale green, acute or acut- ieh at both ends, sessile, ascending, 6-15 lines long, the lower smaller: cymes several- flowered corymbose at the summit of the stems and often axillary also: peduncles slender, H-12 lines long: pedicels very short: calyx greenish-white or purplish, about 2 lines high: style slender : drupe globose, about 3 lines in diameter, crowned with the upper part of the calyx-tube ■(. 1 ■"i\ LORANTHAOE-E COMANDRA PHORADENDRUN 41;, and its 5 oblong lobes. In dry open places, Brit. Columbia to California and the Eastern States. C. pallida A. DC, Prodr. xiv, 636. Stems slender, simple or branch- ed, 4-12 inches high, very leafy : leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, or the lower ones oblong-elliptic, acute, sessile: cymes few-several-dowered, corymbose-clustered at the summit; peduncles usually short: pedicels about a line long : calyx greenish or purplish, about 2 lines high: drupe ovoid- oblong, about 2 lines in diameter crowned by the very short upper portion of the calyx-tube and its 5 oblong acute lobes. On dry hillsides, in the interior, Brit. Columbia to California and Minnesota. Order LXXXVII LORANTHACE.E D. Don Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 142. (1825) Parasitic, green or reddish plants growing upon wood plants and absorbing food from their sap through specializey roots called haustoria, with moslV opposite leaves and regular monoecious or dioecious flowers iii axillary or terminal clusterd or solitary. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, its limb entirer toothed or lobed. Stamens 2-6 : anthers 2-celled, or confluents Jy 1-celled. Ovary solitary, erect: style simple or none : stigma- terminal, entire. Fruit a berry with glutinous pulp. Seed solitai-y, its testa indistinguishable from the copious fleshy albumen. Embryo terete or angled. 1* Fhoradendron Leaves thick and flat: anthers 2-celled: berry sessile. 2 Bazonmofskya Leaves scale- like, united at base: anthers 1-celled: berry peduucled. 1 PHORADENDRON Nutt. Journ. Acad. Philad. ser. 2, i, 185. Parasitic phrubs with mostly jointed branches, opposite flat leaves and small dioecious flowers in axillary spikes. Staminate flowers with a 2-4- usually 3-lobed globose or ovoid calyx, bearing a transversely 2-celled anther at the base of each lobe. Pistillate flowers with a similar calyx adnate to the inferior ovary. Style short, with obtuse or capitate stigma. Fruit a sessile ovoid or globose berry. P. Till08iim Nutt. PI. Gambel. 185. Stems stout, diffusely much branched, 1-2 feet long : leaves orbicular to spatulate, 6-20 lines long, per- manently villous, rounded at the apex, narrowed below to a fhort petiole, very thick and obscurely veiny : spikes slender, rather short: berries white, 1-2 lines in diameter. On oak trees, from the Willamette valley Oregon to California. P. jnnlperiiiiim Engelm. PI. Fendl. 85. GlabrouE, stout, densely branched: 6-9 inches high: branches terete, the ultimate branchlets quadrangular: leaves mostly reduced to broadly triangular, obtusish con- nate or distinct ciliate scales: staminate spikes solitary, 6-8*flowered: anthers transverse, opening by pores: pistillate spikes 2-flowered: berries globose, whitish or fight red, 1}4 lines in diameter. On Junipers, south- eastern Oregon to California. P. Llbocedri. P. juniperinum var. Libocedri Engelm. f Glabrous: stems fleshy, ti-12 inches long, densely branched : most of the leaven re duced to broadly triangular connate naked scales : staminate spikes solitary RAZ0DH0F8KYA LORANTHACEiE 609 X) California 6-18- flowered : anthers transverse, opening; by pores: pistillate spikes 2« flowered : berries reddish. On Libocedrus decui-rens, southern Oregon to California. 2 RAZOUMOFSKYA Hoiif. Hort. Mosq. 1808. ARC EUTHOBIUM Bieb. 1819. Small fleshy plants parasitic on the branches of coniferous trees, with 4-angled jointed branches, opposite connate scales in the place of leaves and small naked dioecious flowers solitary or sev- eral together in the axils of the scales. Staminate flowers with a 2-5-parted calyx and usually an equal number of stamens, the anthers sessile on the segments. Pistillate flowers with the calyx- limb 2-parted. Fruit a fleshy more or less flattened berry borne on a short somewhat recurved peduncle. Embryo enclosed in copious albumen. R. Americana Kuntze Rev. Gen. ii, 587. Arceuthohium Amtricanum Nutt. Greenish-yellow, glabrous : stems slender, dichotomously or verticil- lately much branched: ptaminate plants 2-4 inches long with the flowers on terminal peduncle-like joints, paniculate, a ?ine broad or more, with ovate-orbicular acuti^h lobes: pistillate plant much smaller, with the flowers a line long or less : berries 2 lines long. On Pinus contorta, Brit. Columbia to California and Colorado. R* llonglaRli Kuntze 1 c. Arceuthobivm Douglasii Engelm. Greenish yellow: ctenis slender, 3-12 lines high, much branched but notverticillate- ly : ppikes short, mostly Sflowered : staminate flowers less than a line wide, with round-ovHte acntish lobes, axillary, forming simple or compound Bpikes: accessory branchlets of fruiting plant flower bfaring : berries 2)^ lines long. On Pseudotsuga l)ougla8ii, Idaho to California and Hew Hex. Var. abietlnam Greene Fl. Fr. 341. Fertile plants larger 1-3 inch- es hi^h, the sttrile smaller with spreading or recurved branchlets: fruit Emaller. On Abies concolor. Oregon and California. R. ocddentalls Kuntze 1. c. Arcevthobium occide.ntaU Engelm. Greenish brown, glabrous: stems stout, 2— 'S inches high paniculntel^ much branched: staminate plants brownisli-yellow, smaller, its flowers in long dense spikes, often 9-17 on a single axis, buds ventricose with the upper edge curved outward; calyx 3— ">-, usually 4 parted 1)^-2 lines wide: antlieia sessile below the middle of the lanceolate' acumina^ lobes : pihtillate plant commoly of a dark olive-brown t'olor, acca^sory bra..onlet8 mostly leaf near- ing: fruit 'if )^ lines long. On various conifers, Oregon to California and Idaho. Var. abielinnji. Arceuthobium abietinum Engelm. More spread- ing and less densely branched: the accessory branchlets in the fertile plant bearing fertile flowers as often as they do leaf-buds. On Abies gran- die, Columbia river valley. R. robnsta Kuntze 1. c Arceuthobium robustnm Engelm. Beddish- ^rown and glabrous : stems 2-4 inches long, much branched : staminate flowers in short spikes, flat, app'essed +0 the rHcbib, 3-parted, with bmad lobes, bearing the stamens above the middle fertile flowers mostly solitary : fruit 2-3 lines long. On Pinus ponderosa, iirit, Columbia to Oregon. Order LXXXVIII FAGACE^E Drude Phan. 40 9 Trees or shrubs with alternate leaves, deciduous stipules and small monoecious flowers, the staminate in aments, the pis- ?ii 610 FiGACE^. QUERCns :!' !»■ tillate solitary or in small spikes, each surrounded by an involu- cre of partl}^ or wholly united bracts which becomes a burr or cup. Staminate flowers with a 4-7-lobed calyx and 4-2^ sta- mens: filaments slender, distinct: anther-cells adnate, longi ,ud- inally dehiscent. Pistillate flowers with a 4 -8-lobed urn-shaped or oolong calyx adnate to the 3-7-celled ovary : ovules - or 2 in each cell, but only 1 in each ovary maturing, pendulous, ana- tropous. Styles as many as cells of the ovary, terminally or longitudinally stigmatic. Fruit a 1-seeded nut. Seed with- out albumen. Embryo straight, with small apical radical and large fleshy albumen. 1 Qaercns Involucres 1-flowered, becoming a cup. 2 Castanopsis Involucre 1-5-flowered, becoming a prickly burr. QUERCUS L. Sp. 994. Trees or shrubs with alternate deciduous or evergreen leaves and small flowers. Staminate flowers numerous, in slender most- ly drooping aments subtended by caducous bracts. Calyx mostly 6-lobed, campanulate. Stamens 6-12, with filiform filaments. Pistillate flowers with a mostly urn-shaped or oblong calyx, adnate to a 3-celled ovary: ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary, rarely more than one in each ovary maturing. Styles as many as Cvflls of the ovary, short, erect or recurved. Fruit a solitary oblong, ovoid or subglobose coriaceous 1-seeded nut, called an acorn, subtended by or almost included in the more or less united bracts of the involucre. . § 1 Staminate aments naked, from the previous season's bud or from the lower part of the present season's shoots : pendulous: filaments not longer than the anthers. Pistillate flowers above the staminate aments, from the axils of young leaves : stigmas dilated. * Abortive ovules at the base or at the side c: the seed : stamens 6-10, usually 6-8 stigmas sessile or subsessile. ■^ Acorns maturing the first season, glabrous within. ♦► Leaves deciduous. Q. Garryana Dougl. Hook. Fl. ii, 169. A small shrub to a large tree, 2-150 feet high, the trunk often 3 feet in diameter, with light-colored bark: branchlets rather rigid, tomentose : leaves 4-6 inches long by 2-5 inches wide, coarsely lobed, the lobes broad or sometimes acutish, entire or again notched or lobed, dull green on the upper s de, pale yellowish or whitish and strongly reticulated as well as somewhat pubescent beneath, on peti- oles 6-12 lines long : calyx lobes 7 or 8, linear-lanceolate, ciliate: anthere 6-8 : acorns sessile or nearly so : cup shallow, its scales lanceolate , some- what pubescent, flat or tuberculate-thickened at base : nut oval to obovate- oblong, obtuse, about an inch long. Common from Brit. Columbia to California. Q. Jacob! R. Br. Campst. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 4th ser. vii 235. A middle-sized or large tree, branching from near the base and forming a compact head : trunk 1-3 feet in diameter, with rather thick fissured gray qCBRCUS FAGACEiE 611 bark: branchlets short, stout, very leafy, tomentose-pubesccnt : leaves broadly obovate: veinlets only {[radually divergent from the midrib and directiner the lobes somewhat digitately toward the apex of the leaf which is broadtis^. far above the middle* acorna ovaf.e, less than an inch long, well inserted into a hemispherical scaly cup. On Islands in Puget Sound and northward. Q. (Erstedlana R. Br. Campst. I. c. A. shrub 2-6 feet high, with pu- bescent branchlets: leaves .3-5 inches Img, usually deeply pinnatifid, sometimes merely sinuate; lobes obtuse jv acutish, entire or toothed : sta- minate aments rather few-flowered, erect: acorns rarely subsessile, usually several, crowded near the summit of a peduncle an inch li>ng or more ; cup shallow, strongly tuberculate : nut oval, obtuse, an inch long. On dry mountain sides at middle or high elevations, Southern Oregon to California. ** -* Leavespersistent through winter and mostly until the appear- ance of new leaves for the next season. ({. Sadlerlana R. Br. Campst. 1. c. A shrub4-6feethigh with rather dark-colored bark and glabrous branchlets : buds oblong densely silky : stipules filiform, densely silky : leaves oblong to obovate, not lobed,' serrate, 1-3 inches long, on petioles 2-6 lines long, dark green above, at length be- coming whitish and strongly reticulated beneath : aments densely flowered erect or spreading 1-4 inches long : bracts silky, sepals ovate : stamens about 8: acorns sesf''^ or nearly so; cup shallow, tuberculate, 5-6 lines broad : nut oblong, o! , about 8 lines long. In moist places on top of the coast mountains a) ■ . ,' old Wimer road, also on ^opof the Siskiyou Mountains near the Ha) . -> -np trail. +■ +■ Acorns maturing the second season, the nuts often pubescent within. Q. chrysolepis Leibm. in Benth. Pl.'Hartw. .336. As represented in our region a small tree or low shrub 2-30 feet high, farther south a large tree, with ash^-gray flaky bark and glabrous branchlets : leaves oblong- lanceolate entire or sharply dentate, acute, cuspidate obtuse or subcordate at base, 1-3 inches long, at first fnlvuus-tomentose beneath, after a year glabrate and bluish or whitish, on petioles about 3 lines long : aments some- times branched, tomeutose, soon glabrate : calyx lobes 5-7, broadly ovate, acute glabrous, ciliate: anthers about 10, conspicuously cuspidate: pistillate flowers sessile, or rarely in spikes : cups covered with small triangular ap- pressed scales, more orloss hidden in tne dense yellow or fulvous tomen • turn, very variable in shape and size, 4-12 lines wide, hemi8pheri<-al and rather ttiin to flat saucer-shaped and very thick with a broad thick riia : nut oval, obtuse 6-18 lines long, and half as thick. Along streams, Houth- ern Oregon to California. ^. vacclnlfolla Kellogg Proc. Am. Acad i, 96. A low shrub 1-4 feet high, densely branched ana very leafy : leaves ovate to oblong or lanceolate, entire or with a few sharp teeth on one or both margin? acute and very shortly or not at all cuspidate, 6-18 lines long, on petioles 4-6 lines long yellowish green and glabrous on the upper side, white or whitish with a denie scurf beneath, obtuse or subcordate at base: stipules 4-6 lines long linear-lanceolate somewhat silky : amentsglabrous ica'yx-lobea 5-7, broadly ovate: anthers about 8, not cuspidate: pistillate flowei 8 sessile or i a spikes: cups covered with small appresse$-2 inches wide, on peti- soles 3^6 lines long : aments 4-6 inches long densely flowered, tomentose: flowers in glomerules of 3, supported by 3 bracts: calyx of 6 broad woolly lobes : anthers 10: acorns solitary or in short peduucled cluf^ters: cups very shallow, 8-16 lines broad, covered with linear rigid spreading or recurved scales, silky-tomentose inside: nuts oval or oblong, acute or obtuse, 12-18 lines long, with very thick shell, densely tomentose inside. Along streams southwestern Oregon to southern California. 6 CASTAK0PSI8 Spach. Trees or shrubs with coriaceous evergreen leaves and small monoecious flowers in axillary aments, the fruit maturing the following season. Staminate flowers in slender panicled aments upon the young shoots, with regular 5-6-lobed calyx and usually twice as many stamens. Pistillate flowers 1-3, in a scaly invnlu- ere, sessile at the base of the aments: lobes of the calvx 6, in 2 rows. Styles usually 3. Ovary 3-celled, with 2 amphitropous ovules at the lower angle of each cell. Nuts 1-3, enclosed m the subglobose involucre which is densely covered with stout branch- ed prickles, at length bursting irregularly. Seed solitary. C. chrysophylla A. DC. Seem. Journ. Bot. i, 182. A shrub or mid- dle sized tree, H-80 feet high : leaves lanceolate or oblong, 1-4 inches long, acuminate or only acuti-h, cuneate at base and shortly petioled, entire, glabrous, or sometimes f'Curfy, above, dennely scurfy beneath with more or lees yellow scales: aments 1-3 inches long, densely pubescent : styles 8, stout, glabrous, divergent: spines of the involucre 6-12 lines long, subver- ticillately many-branched: nuts usually solitary obtusely triangular, 6 lines long. On dry hilisides, from the Columbia river to California. Order LXXXIX CORYLACEiE. Small trees or shubs with alternate leaves and small flowers in axillary aments or clusters. Staminate flowers in aments, with- out floral envelopos each subtended by a scale -like bract: sta- mens several, with often divided filaments and distinct anther- cells. Pistillate flowers in short spikes, 2 to each bract, with C0RYLU8 BBTDLA CORYLACE^ ei8 small bractlets which become much enlarged and involucrate infniit. Ovary imperfectly 2- celled, with 2 pendulous anatro- pous ovules. Seed solitary. 1 CORYLUS L. Sp. 998. (Hazbl-nut.) Shrubs or small treec vath broad thin leaves that are plicate in the bud and small ilower« that appear before the leaves ; the sta- minate in drooping cylindrical aments, from lateral buds, without calyx but subtended by a scaly bract, consisting of 4 stamens with forked filaments, each fork bearing one cell of an anther, the undivided portion adnate to the bract. Pistillate flowers several in a scaly bud, 2 to each scale, each with a pair of bractlets that enlarge and in fruit more or less envelope the nut : calyx minute, adnate to the ovary, without limb. Style short: stigmas elonga- ted. Nut oblong or ovoid, large and bony. C. rostrata Ait. Hort. Kew. iii, 364. A phrub 3-8 feet high, with pubeitcent brancblets and smooth bark: leaves ovate or narrowly oval, acu- minate, cordate or obtuse at base, incised-serrate and serrulate, glabrous or with some scattered appressed hairs above, sparingly pubescent, at least on the veins beneath, 2>^-4 inches long, on (petioles 2-4 lines loufe : involu- cral bracts bristly hairy, united to the snmmitand prolonged into a tubular beak about twice as long as Ihe nut, laciniate at the summit: nut ovoid, scarcely compressed, striate, 5-7 lines high. In thickets, Oregon to Brit. Columoia, the Eastern IStates and Nova Scotia. C. Californica Rose. A shrub or small tree 4-30 feet high with pubes- cent branchlets : leaves orbicular to obovate, 1-4 indies broad, often shortly acuminate, obecurelv 6-10-lobed, sharply serrate, on petioles 5-12 lines long, mostly subcordate at base, sparFely pubescent above, softpule^cen on the veins beneath : involucre united to the summit, prolonged into a broad tubular beak ^''bout twice as long as the nut or less, (•etose-hicpid below with short brivcie hairs, erose to lacerate at the summit: nut ovoid 5-8 lines high. Common on low hillsides and in forests, Brit. Columbia to California. Order XC BETULACEiE Agardh Apho. 208 in part. Trees c shrubs with deciduous alternate leaves, mo.'tly cadu- cous stipules and small monuecious flowers, the staminate in long aments, the pistillate in shorter cone-like aments with thickened and rigid scales. Staminate flowers 3-6 together in the axil of each bract, consisting of a membranous calyx and 2-4 stamens inserted on the receptacle, with distinct filaments and 2-celled anthers. Pistillate aments spike-like or capitate, its flowers with or without a calyx adnate to the 2-celled ovary which is crowned with 2 sessile filiform stigmas and becomes a winged or angled nutlet. Seed anatropous, pendulous, without albumen. Cotyle- dons flat, foliaceous in germination. 1 Betnla Bracts Slobed, becoming coriaceous, deciduous: stamens 2, with bifurcate filaments and separate anther-cells: nutlets broadly winged. i Alniig Bracts entire, becoming woody, persistent : stamens 4; anther- cells contiguoas. S.' •-f^..: r. "trr. 1^ l nlfirra Marsh Arb. Am. 139. (1786). A tree with rough flaky brown bark, r)0-L20 feet high : stem slender, often crooked or leaning : leaves linear- lanceolate, taperiu); from the acute base to an nxtrcmely long point, often jalcaie, 4-6 inches luHz by 3-4 lines broad, closely serratn, smooth and green on both sides, the midrib prominent: stipules semicordate, often wanting: aments with leafy peduncles, elongated, the fertile becoming rather lax: scales entire or ^-l Tine wide on fructiferous branches, 1-2 lines wide on the sterile, glabrous or very early glabrate: pedicels sliElUly longer: capsule glabrous: scales glabrous save for the slightl" ui Hate edges. Shaded rocky banks of mountain rills Elmore Co. Idaho. " 8. argophylla Nutt. Sylva i, 71. S. Hindsiana Benth. A shrub or small tree 3-16 feel high forming thickets but not growing in clumps, each stem being distinct from any other : leaves narrowly lanceolate, 2-3 inches long, closely sessile, entire or rarely minutely and remotely denticulate, ap- pressed silky-pubescent both sides : stipules, obsolete, or on young vigorous shoots sometimes miiiute ones occur; aments 1-2 inches long, on short leafy hranchlets appearing after the leaves in spring and intermitently all Hum- mer; staminate aments 1-3 at the ends of the hranchlets, the scales oblong, obtuse, glabrous on the back, crisp-hairy on the margins and toward the base, erose toward the apex: stamens 2, the filaments densely hairy: pistillate aments rather loosely flowered, 1-3 inches long, the lanceolate acutish scales subpersistent, woolly except near the apex : capsule lanceo- late, appressed silky when voung, closely sessile : stigmas sessile. Along rivers, Brit. Columbia to California. 8. exigaa Nutt. 1. c. A low shrub or small tree 5-15 feet high : usual- ly with a single trunk, rough bark and glabrous twigs: leaves naiTOwly lan- ceolate to oblanceolate, acute,, subentire, 1-5 inches long, glabrate above, (»paiingly appressed-silky beneath, closely sessile: stipules none or minute: aments on leafy hranchlets, solitaiy or 2-4 together: staminate aments 1-2 inches long, slender, the scales lanceolate, acute: capsule becoming glabrous, sessile: stigmas sessile. Along streams. Washington to California 8. sessilifolla Nutt. 1. c. Shrubby or often tree-like 6-30 feet high, J'oung shoota veiy leafy, hoary-pubescent, becoming glabrous and brown: eaves membranaceous, elliptical, acute at both ends, 1-5 inches long 1-3 inches wide, closely sessile, obscurely and remotely denticulate, hoary with rather long pubescence when young, glabrous when mature: aments borne upon lateral leafy shoots, 3-4 inches long often 3 together, very densely flowered: scales oblong or obovate, rounded or retuse at the apex, nearly or quite glabrous: stamens 2: lower half of fllaments very hairy, upper half minutely puberulent: pistillate smaller, the scales narrower: capsule lanceolate, silky-pubescent when young, becoming nearly glabrous at maturity 8ALIX SALICACEiE 619 oIoBcly sessile : stylo evident ; stigmas linear, sevoral times longer than thick. On sand Siirs along rivers, Oregon and Washington. S. macrostachya Nutt. I. c. A shrub or ;-imall tree 3-18 feet high, of- ten in dense thickets, with light brown bark and cinereous branches, the youn^ branchlets villous: leaves 2-3 inches long, sessile, oblanceolate to elliptical, acute at both ends, more or loss villous-pubesccnt, entire or nearly so: stipules obsolete: aments on short leafy lateral branchlets, ap- pearing after the leaves, 1-2 inches long: lower half of the filaments crisp- Tillons : capsule clo&ely sessile, clothed with lon^ lax hairs : style evident ; stigmas linear. Margins of pondn, Oregon tu California. § 3 Shrubs or small trees. Scales of the aments persistent, darker at the apex. 8 Sconleriana Barratt in Hook. Fl. ii, 145. S. flnvem-tu Nutt. A dhrub or small tree 10-50 feet high, with light gray bark and cinereous branchlets: leaves oblanceolate to oblong or elliptic, obtuse to acute or acuminate, narrowed below to short petioles, entire or serrulate, 1-6 inches lung, glabrous and dark green above, pale and more or less pubescent and becoming rusty in age beneath: stipules ovate to oblong, large and persis- tent on vigorous shoots : aments appearing long before the leaves, very densely flowered; staminate aments sessile, about an inch lon^' and half as thick, the orbicular to oblong scales black or red at the apex, densely woolly with long white hairs : stamens 2, distinct; the filaments glabrous: pistillate aments short-peduncled, 1-2 inches long when mature, the scales oblong to lanceolate, silky with long white hairs: capsule oblong with a etout beak, pubescent, on pedicels a line or more long, ir.aturing before the leaves appear ; stigma sessile. Common from Brit. Columbia to California and the Rocky Mountains. 8. bella Piper Bull. Torr. Bot. Club xxvii, 399. A shrub or tree 6-12 feet high with slender erect branches and smooth gray bark ■ branchlets shining yellow, usually glabrous, very brittle: leaves lanceolate to oblong or oblong-obovate, acute, 1-3 inches long, green and glabrate above, densely Hilvery-wooUy beneath, entire or nearly so, short-petioled : stipules lunate, UBually persistent: aments appearing before the leaves; staminate sessile, short and thick, 6-12 lines long; sctvles acute, black, densely villous : sta- mens 2 : pistillate aments short-peduncled, 6-18 lines long; scales black, obtuse, densely villous : capsules silky-hairy, nearly sessile : style about a line long. Along the Palouse river eastern Washington. S. Gcyeriana Anders. Sal. Monogr. 86, fig. 50. A shrub 10-15 feet high, the branchlets usually covered with a glaucous bloom : leaves lanceo- late, acute at both ends 2-3 inches long by 4-6 lines wide, downy above, grayish beneath with soft silky hairs, entire : stipules none : aments at first small, subglobose, nearly equaled by the 3 or 4 silky bracts at their base, becoming snort-peduncled in fruit: scales tawny, obtuse, sparingly villous: capsule tapering from an ovate base^ silky tomentose : pedicels slender, puberulent, 4-5 times as long as the nectary : stigmas sessile, bifid. Oregon to California and the Rocky Mountains. 8. Hookei'iana Barratt 1. c. 445. A large shrub or small tree 10-50 feet high, with dark rough bark and gray pubescent branchlets: leaves lanceolate to oblong or elliptic, 1-5 inches long, green and smooth above, densely tomentose beneath, entire, rounded at base, short-petioled : aments appearing before the leaves, the staminate very densely flowered, 1-3 inches long, the scales densely tomentose with long white hairs. Along the coast, Oregon and Washington. 8. rostrata Richardson Franklin Journ. App. 753. A much branched shrub 6-9 feet high, with elongated branchlets: leaves oblong to lanceolate 620 SALICACE^ BALIX i acuminate, Klan^lul'^i'-Berrulate, rounded or cord'^te at bafle, glaltrou!) above, glaucous beneath 2-4 inches long, on stout petioles : stipmeH roni- form, conspiuiiuu^ ; amenta appearing with the leaves, on leafy pediiiu-lcH; Btamlnate amentn narrower, densely-flowerod, 2-i inches long, the Mack hairy scales persistent: pistillate looser, the linear scales pale and |iiiik- tipped : capsule pubescent, long-beaked : on slender, pedicels as loiit; or ^onger than the scales: stiuma sessile. Common along streams, Oregon to Brit. Columbia, and Hudfson Bay. 8. lasiolepis Benth. PI. Uartw. 335. 7 A large shrub or small tree 16-40 feet high, with yellowish bark and erect branches : leaves oblong to oblanceolate, obliquely acute or acuminate, serrulate, shining green alxwe, densely glaucous and somewhat pubescent beneath, petioled: stipuleg rarelv present, triangular : aments appearing with or before the leaves ; the staminate cylindrical, 1-3 inches long, short-peduncled ; scales black, hairy: stamens 2, the glabrous filaments unitecl at the base for half their length: pistillate aments small, 6-18 lines long, on short leafy peduncles: style about as long as the stigmas. Common along streams, Washin.;ton to California. 8. oordata Muhl. Neue. Scbrift, iv, 246. A shrub 6-12 feet high, the twigs puberulent or glabrous: young leaves pubescent; mature leaver ob- long-lanceolate, green on both sides or paler beneath, acuminate narroweL obtuse or subcordate at base, sharply serrulate with glandular teeth, Hliort- petioled : stipules oblique, serrulate, usually large and persistent : aments bracted at the base appearing before the leaves: staminate about 1 inch long, the pistillate 1-2)^ inches long in fruit: scales silky, persistent, stamens 2, filaments glabrous: style short: capsule narrowly ovotd, acute, glabrous, 2-3 lines long, short-pedicelled. In wet soil Brit. Columbia to California and Virginia to New Brunswick. Tar. angnstata Anders. Monogr. Sal. 159. Leaves linear-lanceo- late. Range of the type. Yar. Mackenziana Hook. Fl. ii, 149. A small tree with lanceolate or oblanceolate leaves. California to Oregon and Manitoba. 8* inyrtilloides L. 8p. 1019. An erect glabrous shrub 1-12 feet high, with light brown terete twigs : leaves oblong, elliptic or somewhat obovate, obtuse or acute, entire, mostly narrowed at base 1-3 inches long, short- petioled, bright green above, pale or glaucous beneath, the margins slight- ly revolute: aments appearing with the leaves, leafy-bracted at base, rather dense, an inch or less long, or the pistillate longer in fruit: scales persistent, obtuse, slightly villous : stamens 2; filaments glabrous : style borter than or equalling the stigmas : capsule oblong-conic, obtuse, ^'lab- ous, 2-3 lines long, much longer than the filiform pedicels which slightly I'exceed the scales. In bogs, Brit. Columbia to Oregon and New Jersey. 8. Barclay! Anders. Ofv. Handl. Vet. Akad. 1858, 126. ? A shrub 3-6 feet high with dark brown glabrous twigs, the young shoots pubescent: leaves obovate to oval or somewhat lanceolate, often short-acuminate, serrulate, bright green and glabrous above when mature, paler beneath, 1-2 inches long, short-petioled : stipules ovate, mostly acute, deciduous : aments appearing with the leaves, borne at the ends of short branchlets, densely flowered, spreading or erect : the staminate about an inch long, the pistillate 2-3 inches long in fruit: scales persistent, slightly villous: stamens 2 : filaments distinct : capsule narrowly conic, glabrous, acute, 3 lines long : style longer than the stigmas. On wet banks in the highest mountains, Oregon to the Arctic regions. 8* Sitchensis Sanson Bong. Veg. Sitch. 162. A straggling ascending shrub 6-40 feet long, with light brown bark; branches slender, brownish, flALIX PALICAOEi*: downy when young, soon amooth : leavos oblonK-oborate tn oblunct'oltite, icuto, or the earlk'Ht ubtuae with an abrupt point, narrowed at baao into thort petioles, darlc gruen alrave except the wliitiHh-pubeacent midrib, covcrea beneath with a lustrous white and satiny tomentutn, entire or obBolet«ly crenate: stipules reniform, often wanting: amentH aupeuring with the leaves, with a few small bracts at base, slender, densely flowered; the staminate 1-2 inches long, the obovate obtuse dark scales pubescent with long hairs; pistillate amenta 12-18 linep long, the dark-colored scales pubescent: capsule ovate-conic, acute, densely white-tomentose : style elongated: stigmas scarcely emarginate, thick, erect. Common along streams, California to Alaska. 9i pelllta Anders. Monogr. Sal. 130, flig. 72, g. A shrub with green- ish-red to dark red shining twigs, when young, sometimes covered with a Klaurous bloom : leaves numerous, narrowly oblanceolate, acute or acumin- ate, or the lower obtuse, l>^-2 inches long, 4-6 lines wide, t) inged and petal- oid, oval and cone iv bearing the hemispherical anther on the summit. Pollen asf s in 2 pairs, the lower smaller, compressed, sessile upon a neaily square membranaceous gland. C. borealls Saliab. 1. c. Stem 3-S inches Ligh with 2 or 3 membrana- ceous brownisb-green sheaths and a linear bract at the summit, leaf broadly ovale or slightly cordate, 1-2 inches long, petioled: flowers drooping, pedi- celled : sepals and petals lanceolate, acuminate, light rose-color, 6-9 lines long lip usually slightly longer, inflated saccate, brownish- pink mottled purple, the edge margined at the apex and bifid or entire nearly equalling the tooth-like spurs and with a tuft of (in ours white) hairs at base: column half the length of the petals : capsule oblongcylindric, an inch long, about equalling the slender pedicel. In damp open forests California to Alaska and the Atlantic States : also in Europe. 2 CORALLORHIZA R. Br. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, v, 209 Scapose perennial herbs without green leaves from coral-like branched roots, the leaves all reduced to sheathing scales, and more or less showy flowers in terxninal racemes. Sepals and petals as- cending, the upper somewhat incurved, similar and nearly equal, but the lateral sepals oblique at base and either decurrent in a short spur adnate to the side of the ovary, or forming a projecting gibbosity above it : lip dilated and more or less recurved, flat or concave, with a pair of somewhat prominent longitudinal ridges near the base. Column semiterete and narrowly margined, broader at base, somewhat incurved, bearing the caducous anther on the summit. Pollen- masses in 2 pairs, distinct, sessile upon a sl.ort oblong gland. Capsules reflexed. * Spur present: flowers small, yellowish-green or whitish, often tinged or mottled with purple. •*- Spur more or less prominent : sepals and petals 3-nerved : • capsule oblong-cylindric. C. multiflora Nutt. Journ. Acad. Philad. iii, 138, t. 7. Stems 8-20 inches high, purplish, clothed with several appreased scales: racemes 2-8 inches long, 10-30-flowered : flowers 6-9 lines high, brownish-purple, short- peduncled : petals and sepals somewhat connivent at base, linear-lanceo- late, about 3 lines long : lip white spotted and lined with purple, oval or ovate in outline, deeply 3-lobed, crenulate, the middle lobe broader than the lateral ones, its apex curved, spur manifest, but wholly adnate to the ovary : column stout % the length of the petals, the margins broader and somewhat thicker at base : capsule ovoid or oblong, 6-9 lines long, narrowed to a stout rather long pediceU Rather common in open forests at low and middle elevations, Brit. Columbia to California and the Atlantic States. C« Mertensiana Bong. Veg. Sitch. 165. Stems 6-20 inches high, dark red or purple, many-flowered : sepals and petals linear-lanceolate, 3-4 lines long, dark red : spur a line long, the lower halt free from the ovary: rip CORAT.LOBBIZA HABENARIA ORCHIDAOEiE 62? litish. often oblong obtuse entire or with a tooth on one or both sides near the base, narrowed to a short claw, tliin and concave, the ridges only slightly prom- inent: cohinin nearly equalling the petals, slender, the narrow margins scarcely broader or thicker below : stigma projecting andcucullate : capsule 5-8 lines long, attenuate into the short slender pedicels, reflexed. Common jn the high mountains, Alaska to California. *- •«- Spur very short or not e.i all prominent : sepals and petals 1-nerved: capsule elliptic-oblong. C. Innata B. Br. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed, 2, v, 209. Stems blender, glabrous, 4-12'inches hig'j, clothed with 2-5 closely sheathing scales: ra- cemes 1-3 inclies long, 3-12-flowered : flowers dull purple, about 6 lines long, on very short m'nutely bracted pedicels: sepals and petals narrow, aboat 3 lines long: lip shorter than the petals, oblong, whitish, 2-toothed or 2-lobed above the base : spur a sac or small protuberance adnate to the summit of the ovary : capsule oblong or somewhat obovoid, 4-6 lines long. In wooded districts, eastern Washington to Alaska and across the Conti- nent : also in £urope. * * Flowers larger, striate-veined, not spotted: spur none, the lateral sepals oblique and with the base of the column strongly gibbous over the top of the ovary : lip entire, more or le^s concave, somewhat fleshy. t. '/triata Lindl. Orch- 634. Stems stout, purplish, 1-2 feet high, clothed with several scarious bracts : racemes 2-6 inches long, 10-25-flowered: flowers brownish-purple: sepals and petals narrowly elliptic, striate with purple lines, 6-8 lines long: lip oval or oboVate, entire or a little undulate, somewhat narrowed at base, alx>ut as long as the petals : capsule ellipsoid, reflexed 8-10 lines long. In open forests Brit. Columbia to California, Ontario and New York. Tribe 2 Ophrydese Lindl. Orch. 257. Flowers mostly spicate or racemose. Anther one, connate with the cohimn and persistent upon its face immediately above the stigma. Pollen-masses 2, of coarse grains united by an elastic web, each mass attached by a stalk to a viscid gland. ' 3 HABENARIA Willd. Sp. PI. iv, 44. (1804^ Leafy-stemmed plants with bulbous or fleshy-fibrous roots, en- tire mostly green leaves and rather small flowers in terminal bracted racemes or spikes. Perianth rin'^ent: sepals and petals nearly alike, convergent, or the inwr>r .^pals spreading: lip flat and spreading, 3-lobed or entire, with a slender spur at base, without ridges or callosities : column very short. Anther persis- tent upon the lace of the column immediately above the stigma, the cells parallel, or divergent at base. Pollen-masses one in each cell, of coarse grains united by an elastic web, each attached at base by a pedicel to an exposed viscid gland on the upper edge or at tb'd side of the stigma. * Stem mostly slender, from an ovate or oblong tuber, with 2-3 eaves at base and bracteate above: flowers numerous, small, greenish white, the lip scarcely exceeding the uniform 1-nerved sepals. K, ele^ans Bolander Cat. PI. St. Franc. 29. Stem rather stout, 1-3 feet high : leaves lanceolate, acuminate, 4-8 inches long : spikes usually dense, manj'-flowered, 4-8 inches long : the subulate acuminate bracts a r*?t^*^.S» It I., 4- :u: 6^8 ORCHlDAOEvE BABBNARtA little shorter than the flowers: sepals and petals equal, about 2 lines lung: sepals oblong, obtuse: petals ligulate and fleshy, obscurely 3-nerved; the lip similar, with a filiform spuv ecjualling or exceeding tho ovavv, 3-5 lines long: pollen-masses large, half a line long: beak of the stij?ma protoir'nt, broad and rounded: cap-nle oblong, nearly sessile. 3-4 line? long. I?i by open forests, California te Brit. Columbia. U* UnalaskeniJs Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xii, 277. &U:m ufeually slender, 10-20 inches bigh : leaves narroA'Jy laTiceolate f) linear, ihir .;-6 inches long, often attenuate below; i.>ract8 Dvatt, acutish or rarely anaiuin- ate, not exceeding the ovary : spikes 4-() uii',he8 l^ng, rathrr loose: flowers unpleasantly fragrant ; sepula. petals aud lip nearly equal, about a line long, at first erect, becoming noddiri^.^ by the curving of the ovary ; sepals oblong, obtuse: petals thicker, lanceolate, acute: Hp oblong, obtueo: spur clavfite, shorter than the ovary : capsule oblong, sessile or nearly so, 3 lines Icn^-. On dry wooded hills, California to Unalaska. * * Stem stouter, from a fusiform tuber, often tall, leafv tbrou^'h- out: sepals 3-nerved, the lateral ones obliqr.'^ at base, tho up^.i one broader . petals thin ; lip fleshy, several-nerved. -♦- Spur eloDi^ated, much longer than the sepals. H. leucistachj's Watsim Bot. Cal. ii, 134. Stem stout 1-6 feet high bearing a ni.^i V '^lower^d dense or open spike of rather large pure white flowery : leuvot, l.;no.eolate to linear, 2-18 inches long diminishing upwarJ: bracts linear fmbulate, acuminate longer than the ovary : lateral sepals obiong, the upper ovate-oblong, 2-3 lines long: petals lanceolate and sub- falcate, oblique at base, more or less connivent with the base of the sepals: lip 3-4 lines long, rhombic-lanceolate : spur narrow, 4-6 lines long: beak of the stigma very prominent, ovate, more than half the length of the con- nective: glands hnear-oblong, vertical: capsule oblong, sessile, 6-9 lines long. In marshes, California to Alaska and Idaho. H. dilatata Hook. Exot. Fl. ii, t. 95. Stem rather slender, 1-2 feet high: leaves lanceolate, 3-12 inches long: spikes 2-10 inches long, looiielr flowered: bracts lanceolate, acuminate, the lower longer than the flowers, the upper shorter than the ovary: flowers white: sepals ovate, obtuse, nearly 3 liii gracilis Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xii, 276. Stem usually slender, ■ „ ABBNARtA HABENARIA GYROSTACHY8 ORCHIDACEiE 6-30 inches high : leaves oblong -lanceolate to lanceolate or linear, 2-8 inches long, gradually reduced upward and passing into the bracts of the narrow sparsely-flowered spike: flowers small, greenish yellow: lateral sepals ovate, obtuse, about 2 lines long, the upper one broadly ovate or nearly orbicular, equalling the lateral ones : petals lanceolate, a little longer than the sepals : lip linear, longer than tne petals : spur short and c^ate, dilated downward : capsule oblong, half-inch long. In mountain % .^shes, California to Alaska. * * * Stem slender pnd scape- like, with a pair of large green leaves atbasi': flowers comparatively large, greenish, the lip longer than the ({. orbicnlata iorr. Comp. 318. Scape stout, bracted, rarely bearing .- small leaf, 1-2 feet high: leaves orbicular, spreading flat on the ground, green and shining above, silvery beneath, 4-7 inches m diameter: raceme loosely many-flowered : pedicels 5-6 lines long, erect in fruit : flowers greenish-white; upper sepal short and rounded, the lateral oneH spreading, ialcate-ovate, obtuae, 4-5 lines long: petals smaller, lip oblong-linear, entire, obtuse, white, about 6 lines long : spur much longer than the ovary, o(ten 18 lines long: anther-cells prominent, converging above: glands email, orbicular, about 3 lines apart. In rich woods. Washington and Idaho to Brit. Columbia and across the Continent. Tribe 3 Neottiese Lindl. Orch. 4^1. Stems mostly leafy and iowers spicate or racemose. Anther one, connate with the column and persistent upon its face immediately above the stigma. Pollen- masses 2, of coarse grains vnited by an elastic web, each mass at- lached at base by a stalk to a viscid gland. 4 GYROSTACHYS Pers. Syn. ii, 511. (1807.) SPIRANTHES Richard. Erect herbs with fleshy-fibrous or tuberous roots, leafy stems and small spurless flowers in 1-3-rowed more or less twisted spikes. Perianth ringent, oblique on the ovary : the lateral sepals some- what decurrent, the upper and the petals coherent: lip sessile or nearly so, the base embracing and adherent to the column and with a callous protuberance on each side, the dilated summit spreading and undulate, usually entire. Column very short, ob- lique, terminating in a short erect stipe, bearing the ovate stigma on the face, the beak above usually acuminate and at length bifid by the separation of the oblong and viscid gland. Anther sessile or nearly so, at the base of the stipe behind, mostly acuminate. Pollen-masses 2, thin and powdery, becoming attached above the I gland. G. Romanzoflnana Mc]M. Met. Minn. [171. Spiramthes Romanzoffiana \Cham. Glabrous, rather stout 4-18 inches high, leafy, bracteate above : leaves oblong-lanceolate to linear: spike dense, 3-ranked, conspicuously bracted, 1-4 inches long: perianth white, about 4 lines long, curved, the sepals and petals all connivent ; lip recurved, ovate-oblong, contracted be- low the narrower wavy-crenulate summit : callosities smooth, often obscure: the oblong-linear gland and very slender bifid beak ^ of aline long: capsule oblong, i\-i lines long. On wet banks California to Alaska and across the 1 Continent. isually Blender, ■ q porrifolla Kuntze. Spiranthes porrifolia Lindl. Glabrous, rather I;, ■i i I I Ivf ''IX, ■i ,1 ?■■ ! ■■1 i ^ 630 ORCHIDACEiE PKBAMIDM LIBTEKA Blender, 6-18 inchea high, leafy below, bracteate above: leaves oblong. lanceolate to lanceolate, 2-4 inches long, acute: spike dense, rather slender, 1-3 inches long : brv.cts acuminate from an ovate or oblong base, not bur- passing the nowe.' '■ perianth about 3 lines long; sepnla and petaln all connivent, linear: lij. JiHghtly recurved, not exceeding the sepals, callositios at the base very promt:, •'.t and nipple-like, pointing downward. Iti wet places in the Coast Mou;i ..ins of southern Oregon to California. 5 FEBAMIUM Saliab. Trans. Hort. Soc. i, 310. (1812.) GOODYERA R. Br. I. c. (.1813.) Herbs with bracted erect scapes from creeping rootstocks with fleshy-fibrous rootlets, all radical, often blotched with white, thick evergreen leaves and small flowers in terminal spikes. Lateral sepals free, the upper one united with the petals into a galea. Lip sessile, entire, roundish-ovate, concave or saccate, without callosities, its apex reflexed. Anther without a lid, erect or incumbent, attached to the column by a short stalk. Pollen- masses 2, attached to a small disk which coheres with the top of the stigma. P, Menzlesli Morong Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, v, 124. Goodyem Men- zieaii Lindl. Ib'capes and inflorescence pubescent, 6-15 inches high: leaves smooth, dark green blotched with white, ovate-oblong to lanceolate, acute, 2-3 inches long, narrowed into a short petiole usually somewhat reticulated with light greenish markings: spikes many-flowered, rather dense, somewhat eecund: bracts ovate-lanceolate, equalling the ovary: perianth dull white, pubescent, 2-4 lines long : lip strongly concave and erect, narrowing above into the slightly spreading summit: column short and straight : anther acuminate : gland and bifid beak very narrow and elongated : capsule ovate-oblong, very nearly sessile, 4 lines long. In open forests, California to Alaska and Canada. 6 LISTEBA B. Br, Ait. Hort. Kew. ed 2, 201. Small herbs with fleshy-fibrous roots, simple stems with a pair of flat leaves near the middle and small flowers in a terminal ra- ceme. Sepals and petals similar: lip free, longer 'ban the sepals, flat and dilated, more or less deeply bifid: column free and naked, bearing the ovate anther at the back of the summit. Pollen- masses 2, powdery, united to a very minute gland upon the rounded and entire beak of the stigma. L* cordata B. Br. 1. c. Stem very slender 2-10 inches high : leaves broadly ovate 6-12 lines broad, truncate or somewhat cordate at base but abruptly contracted at the point of insertion, mucronate : racemes rather loose, 6-20 lines long, 4-20-flowered : bracts }4 line ^ong : flowers purplish or yellowish : sepalsoroadlv ovate, about a line long: petals broadly oblong: lip narrow, often with a suWlate tooth on each side at the base, fully twice as long as the petals, cleft to near the middle, the segments setaceous and ciliolate: column very short; capsule ovoid, 2 lines long. In damp places in forests, California to Alaska aud across the Continent. L. conTallarioides Torr.^Comp. 326. Stem slender, 4-10 inches high, glandular- pubescent above the leaves, rarely with n bract below the ra- ceme: leaves smooth, round-oval or ovate, obtuse or cuspidate, slightly cordate or reniform at base, 3-9-nerved : raceme 1-3 inches long, loosely 3-12- flowered : flowers greenish-yellow, 3-4 lines long : sepals and petals LISTER A KPIPACTIS ORCHIDACEiK 631 linear-lanceolate, 2-3 lines long : lip broadly cuneate, with 2 obtuae lobes at the dilated apex^ 4-5 lines long, generally with a tooth on efl'^h side nt base: column elongated but shorter than the lip, a little incurved, with 2 short projectine win^s above the anther: capsule obovoid, about ;^ lines long. In wet places in forests, southern Oregon to California and the Atlantic States. L. canrloa Piper Eryth. vi, 32. L. convallarioideH Hook, not Torr, Stem slender, 5-12 inches high, glabrous below, densely glandular-pu- bescent above the leaves: leaves obovate to oval, or elliptic-ovate, 1-4 inches long, thin, obtuse and slightly apiculate to acute, rounded or trun- cate at base: raceme loosely many-flowered: bracts 1-3 lines long, rhombic- ovate, acuminate, the lower sometimes 2-flower«d and bifurcate : flowers dull yellowish, en slender pedicels 4 6 lines long: sepals and petals lanceo- late to linear-lanceolate, about 2 lines long, sprt^ading: lip about 3 lines long, narrowly oblong, dilated and rounded at the retuse apex, a slender or almost filiform tooth on each side at the base, with a papilla at the bai^c of each tooth: column short, not stout: capsule ovoid, 3 lines long. In damp woods in the high mountains, Oregon to Alaska and Idaho. 7 EPIPACTIS R. Br. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, v, 201. Tall herbs with fibrous roots, simple leafy stems and rather large flowers in terminal leafy-bracted racemes. Sepals and pet- als nearly equal : lip free, deeply concave at the base, without callosities, narrowly constricted and somewhat jointed in the middle, the upper portion petaloid. Column short, erect. An- ther sessile behind the broad truncate stigma, on a slender jointed base, 2-celled, obtuse. Pollen-masses coarsely granular, becoming attached above to the gland capping the small rounded beak of the stigma. E. gigantea Dougl. Hook. Fl. ii, 220, t. 202. Stem stout, leafy, 1-5 feet high, nearly smooth: leaves from ovate below to narrowly lanceolate above, 3-8 inches long, acute or acuminate, somewhat scabrous on the veins beneath : racemes pubescent: bracts large and foliaceous, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, as long or longer than the flowers : pedicels slender, 2-4 lines long: sepals ovate-lanceolate, 6-8 lines ong, the upper concave : petals slightly smaller: lip as long as the petah, the saccate base with erect wing-like margins, strongly nerved and the ntrves callous tuberculate near the base, the dilated summit ovate- lanceol»j.te, entire, somewhat wavy-crested : anther nearly 2 lines long : capsule oblong, 8 lines long, reflexed. In springy places along streams, California to Brit. Columbia. 8 CEPHALANTHERA Richard. Annot. 21. Mostly leafy-stemmed herbs from creeping rootstocks, with flat leaves, or leafless, and middlesized flowers in bracted spikes. Se- pals and petals nearly equal, connivent, the latter somewhat united and galeate. Lip free, concave, contracted and some- what jointed in the middle. Column slender, elongated. Anther shortly stipitate, so as to be nearly or quite above the level of the top of the stigma. Pollen-masses not connected nor attached to a gland. Stigma wholly beakless. C. Oregana Reichenb. f. Linnese xii, 53. Whole plant white and without leaves, parasitic, 10-18 inches high, with 3-5 somewhat dilated aheatbs below and usually a few free linear-lanceolate bracts above : raceme ') -( M 1 $'■ ORCHIDACE^ CYPRIPBDIDM rather short : floral briicte very Hmall : flowers few to many, seBsilo or nt urly bo: perianth about U linoB long, gibbous at base: eepals and petals obloiii;- lanceoUte, nearly equal ; lip a little shorter, the saccate base with bioml wing-like margins, the nerves somewhat tuberculate-creHted within, upper portion very hroad andsuborbicular, the nerves in the centre wavy-crested: column 2 lines long, about twice longer than the anther. In damp placea in forests, California to Washington. Tribe 4 Cypripediex Lindl. Orch. 525. Stamens 3, the 2 lat- eral ones perfect, the other sterile and forming a dilated fteshy ap- pendage aboii the terminal stigma. Pollen pulpy -granular. 9 CYl RIPEDIUM L. Sp. 951. f Jlandular-pubescent liorhs with coarse fibrous roots, flat many- nerved leaves with sheathing base and few large flowers in leiil'y- bracted racemes. Sepals spreading, the lateral often united into one under the lip : petals similar but usually narrower: lip an inflated sac, the incurved margin auricled near the base. Column very short, incurved, bearing at each side a 2-celled anther on a short filament. Stigma terminal, disk-like, broad and obscuroly 3-lobed, covered above by the fleshy triangular and pedicelled sterile anther. Pollen pulpy- granular. C. parvlflwram Salisb. Trans. Linn. Soc. i, 77. Stems slender, 1-2 feet high, leafy: leaves oval or elliptic to lanceolate, 2-6 inches long: se- f)alB and petals longer than tlie lip; petals usually twisted; lip 7-15 lines ong, bright yellow, more or less marked with purple stripes, spots or blotches : sterile stamen triangular, yellow and purple spotted like the lip. In woods and thickets, Washington and Brit. Columbia to Newfoundland, Georgia and Missouri. C. montannm Dongl. Lindl. Orch. 528. More or less roughly and glandular-pubescent, stout, 1-2 feet high, leafy : leaves ovate to broadly lanceolate, acuminate, 3-6 inches long: flowers i-3, shortly-pedicelled: sepals and petals brownish, narrowly to linear-lanceolate, 18-30 lines lonp;, the lower sepals united nearly to the apex ; lip oblong, an inch long, dull- white veined with purple : Hterile anther ovate-triangular to oblong-lanceo- late, 4-6 lines long, on a slender filament, deeply channeled above, yellow with purple spots, somewhat nger than the stigma: capsule erect or nearly so, oblong, 10 lines long. In open woods, California to British Columbia and Idaho. C. Californicam Gray Proc. Am. Acad, vii, 886. Kather rough pu- bescent: stems stout, 1-4 feet high leafy : leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate. 3-6 inches long, the upper lanceolate and gradually reduced to foliaceous bracts of the long loose raceme : flowers 1-20, shortly pedicelled; sepals and petals greenish-yellow; sepals broadjv oval, the lateral united to the apex, acute, (>-20 lines long, equalling tne oblong-linear acutish petals; lipobovoid, white or light rose-color, veined with purple, 8-10 lines long, pubescent within at the base: sterile anther rounded and arc! ling, nearly sessile, 2 lines long, equalling the roughened stigma : capsule reliex- ed, oblong, 8-15 lines long. Along streanas and in springs, southern Oregon and northern California. C. fasclcnlatnm Kellogg in Herb. Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xvii, .">S0. Stems slender. 2-10 inches high, pubescent, seariously sheathed at base and bearing a pair of nearly opposite leaves near the middle, and a sniall lanceolate bract above : leaves ovate to nearly orbicular, 1-3 inches broad, obtuse or rounded to acutish, pale green and with 3 prominent ribs iiPBDinM mil IRlDACEif: o;l3 beneath: flowers solitary or several togetlior in a small terminal cluster: sepiils and petals lanceolate, acuminate, (J-1'2 linos long, greenish-brown, with brown veins, the lateral sepals wholly united or very nearly ho; lip de- pressed-ovate, greenish-yellow with brown or purplish marginH, 4-6 lines loni;: sterile anther oblong, obtuse, eciualUng the stigma. On dry open billsides California to Washington. Order XCIV IRIDACEiE Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 328. Perennial herbs with equitaut sheathing narrow leaves and few showy perfect Howers subtended by spathaceous bracts. Perianth of () segments or (i-lobed. its tube adnate to the ovary, the segments or lobes in 2 series, convolute in t' e bud, withering- persistent. Stamens 8, inserted on the base of the 3 outer seg- ments or lobes of the perianth: filaments filiform, distinct or uni- ted: anthers 2-celled, extrorse. Style 3 cleft, its branches some- times divided. Ovary inferior mostly 3-celled, with numerous or few anatropous ovules in each cell becoming a 8-celled, loculicidally dehiscent capsule. Embryo straight in fleshy or horny albumen. 1 Iris Outer segments of the perianth recurved ; the inner erect : branches of the style petal-like, opposite to the anthers: filaments distinct : seeds flattened. i Sisyrinchinm Segments of the perianth similar, spreading: branches of the style filiform alternate with the anthers : filaments united : seeds globular. 1 IRIS L. Sp. 38. Herbs with creeping or horizontal, often woody and sometimes tuber bearing, rootstocks, erect or ascending stems, ensiform or linear leaves and large flowers in terminal racemes. Perianth of 6 clawed segments united below into a tube, the 3 outer dilated, spreading or reflexed ; the 3 inner usually narrower and erect. Stamens inserted at the base of the outer segments of the perianth, distinct: anthers oblong or linear. Style 3-partod, its base ad- nate to the tube of the perianth, its branches thin and petal-like, resting upon the outer segments of the perianth and covering the stamens, stigmatic at the thin apex, above which is a broad 2-parted crest. Ovules numerous, in 2 rows in each cell. Seeds horizontal, flattened, or more or less turgid. * Stems leafy: leaves linear: bracts of the spatbe closely approximate, foliaoeous: tube of the pehanth narrow, more or less elongated. I. chrysophylla. Stems low and very slender, 2-8 inches high, from sender rootstocks: radical leaves linear, 6-18 inches long by 2-3 lines wide, Iia;ht green, finely striate, thick and persistent for at least one winter: bracts lanceolat»% long-acuminate, contiguous, 2-4 inches long: fiowers 1-3, sessile or nearly so, yellow to white, with blue veins: perianth with filiform tube 2-3 inches long; outer segments 2-3 inches long, with long claw and broadly lauceolatt blade, inner ones spatulate: filaments flat, bearded at base: capsule obl'ng or broader, nearly an inch long: seeds slightly compressed. In Pine wo da, southern Oregon. . ; >' ' 6M IRIDACEiE zaii 'i^; I. bravt(>ata VVatson Proc. Am. Acad, xx, 375. SteniN rather f' >ut, (K12 inches liigli, coveiXMl with imhrlitatod Hlioathing l)ra('ta 2-4 inchoH Iimii;; h'ftvos H )litar,v, evergreen, rigid 1-2 feet long, fl-S linos wide, or soinctinu's much Hmuller, Htriate, one side green, the other gluueouH with nuMieioiiH HtomiitaMiructs of tlie Hpatlio approximate: 2-S inchen long, Bhort-aunminato iiHually •i-Jloweved: perianth ycdlow, with a eliort funnelform tube; (nitni- sognientH oblong, naked, 2-3 inches long, the inner ones oblanceolate, hi inu- wliat sliorter: capsule on*exBert(!d pedicels, ovatooblong, an inch long. In open forests, about Waldo, southern Oregon. I. llouglaHiana Herbert, H. & A. Bot Beech. .305. Stoma stout, tM8 inches bight leu voH linear, 12-30 inches long, 4-8 lines broad, thick and nitlu'r rigid; long acuminate, finely striate: bracts of the spatlie lanceolate, 3-4 lines long, acuminate flowers several, somewhat panicled, on pedicels 6-18 lines long: perianth blue or purplish, the outer segments with a white centre veined with purple, its tube narrow, 6-12 lines long: capsule oblong, acutely triang- ular, 18-20 lines long: seeds nearly globular. Along the coast, southern Oregon to California. * * Tube of the perianth short and funnelform above the ovary. Rootstock slender: stems leafy: leaves not evergreen: bracts folia- ceous, separate and often distant. 1. tenuis Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xvii, 380. Rootstock very slender and creeping: stems 8-10 itiches high, with 2 or 8 bract-like leaves 2-S iimlies long, 2-ttowerod: the longer leaves of the sterile branches of the root-itoek equalling the stem and 4-6 lines broad, acuminate and very acute: bracts contiguous or distant, 1-2 inches long, flowers white, lightly blotched and striped with pale yellow pnd purple: perianth tube 2-3 lines long, the seg- ments naked, the outer 15 lines long, a little exceeding the emarginate inner ones: capsule depressed-globose, 6 lines in diameter, on pedicels as long or longer than the bracts. In the Cascade Mountains along the Clackamas river and its tributaries in Oregon. I. tenax Dougl. Bot. Reg. t 1218. Rootstock slender, usually short and forming dense tufts 0-18 inches in diameter: stems slender 6-12 inches high, beai'ing several sheath-like short leaves and a single purple flower: leaves very numerous, 12-20 inches long, much longer than the stems, about 2 lines broad acuminate and mostly very acute: bracts lanceolate, acute: 1 2 inches long: tube of the perianth very short, its outer segments 2 inches long or more, with oblong blade and broad claw, the inner ones spatulateand nearly as long: capsule oblong, 8-12 lines long, obtuse at both ends: 8ced.s scarcely flattened, somewhat angled obtusely. Common in open places, Brit. Columbia to Oregon. There is a white flowered form with narrow perianth and narrower ovary but it has scarcely enough characters for a species. -♦- +■ Rootstock stout: stems naked or nearly so , usually tall: bracts contiguous or rarely separated. I. longripetala Herbert H. ((: 4. Bot. Beech. 369. Stems stout, 1-1*2 feet high, 3-5. flowered : leaves about as high, 3-5 lines broad: bracts foliace- ous, large and acuminate, 3-4 inches long: flowers very large, bright lilac, on stout pedicels 1-2 inches long, the tube funnelform, 3 lines long, outer seg- ments 2)^-3 inches long by 1-lJ^ broad, narrowed to a short claw, white below and veined with violet, the mid vein yellow: inner segments oblanceo- late, 2 inches long: anthers shorter than the stigmas: style broadly crested: capsule oblong, narrowed at each end, 2 inches long: seeds flattened, nearly 3 lines long. In moist meadows, osdtern Washington to California. I. Missonriensls Nutt. Journ. Acad. Philad. vii, 58. Stems rather tut •IHYRINCHirM IRIDACEiE 686 ather h' mt, nehoH Imii.': 3r sonu'tiiiics h nuiiD'iouH rt-acnminiitc I tube; (>utt!r eolatA, Hiiiiu- eh long. In iH stout. <>-18 Ick ami riitlii'r ilate, 3-4 lines els 6-18 lilies centre vciiicil icutely tilling- laat, Boittliern the ovary, bracts folia- c very slender aves2-S iimlu's ' the root-itoek ■ acute: bracts r blotched and long, the 8Cg- krginatc inner els as long or ackamas river uauallv Bliort ier 6-12 inches purple Hower: le stems, about late, acute: 1 1 ts 2 inches long IS spatulatc and lOth ends: seeds en places, Brit, iw periantli and pecies. jr tall: bracts ms stout, 1-lH bracts foliace- bright lilac, on ong. outer seg- Tt claw, -white nents oblanceo- roadly crested; ttened, nearly 3 rnia. Stems rather slender, terete, naked or with 1 or 2 leaves, 6 inohos to 2 feet high, usually 2tlowered: leaves two to three lines broad, mo8tly sh(nier than the stems: bra'-ts dilated and scarious, 1-1)^ inches long, acute or acuminate: tlowuri pale blue, on pedicels %-2 inches long, : tulte of the perianth 3-4 lines long, narrowed below: out«r segments 2-2 >^ inches long, the inner ones a little shorter, all with narrow claws: anthers not exceetling the filaments, e(|ualling or exceeding the stigmas: capsule oblong, triangular or subterete, 1-2 inches long, acute at each end: seeds obovatc, acute at base, 2 lines long. Kastern WaHJiington to California and the Rooky Mountain!). 2 SI8YRINCHIUM L. 8p. 964. Perennial herbs with short rootstocks, simple or branched stems, narrow grass-like leaves and showy flowers in small ter- minal clusters on filiform pedicels subtended by a pair of erect green bracts. Perianth G-parted, the segments similar and spreading. Stamens 3, the filaments united, at least at base. Stigmas filiform, alternate with the stamens, involute. Ovary 3-celled, with several ovules in each cell. Capsule globose, oval or ovoid. Seeds subglobose or ovoid, smooth or pitted. * Stems ancipital, usually branched: flowers blue: filaments united to the top: anthers short, sagittate: stigmas short. S. bellam Watson Proo. Am. Acad, xii, 277. Stems 6-20 inches high, somewhat scabrous on the naiTow margins, of a single node, or often vith 2 or 3 nodes, each node bearing 1-4 peduncles: leaves a line or two wide, shorter than the stems: peduncles 2-4 inches long, usually about equal- Hog the nodal bract: spathes of 2 nearly e(iual bracts 6-12 lines long, scabrous on the keel, 4-7- flowered: segments of the periantli broad-lanceolate, about tt lines long, truncate but scarcely emarginate, shortly aristulate, light purple, darker below and yellow at base, somewhat pubescent as well as the ovary: staminal column 3 lines long, purplish, pubescent at base, : capsule depressed- globose or ovoid,2 -3 lines long; the cells about 10-seeded: seeds irregularly tad obtusely angled, roughened, % of a line in diameter. In wet places, Oregon to California. 8. segetnm Bicknell Bull. Torr Bot. Club xxvi, 449. Bather pale green and somewhat glaucescent, growing in close tufts: stems erect, slender, 4-11 inches high, simple: leaves ^-6 inches long, a line or less wide, some- times roughish toward the setaceous or aculeate apex: spathes stiffly erect, the outer bract very slenderly attenuate, sometimes for fully half its length, 1-1^ inch long, subequal with or surpassing the inner one by ^ or more: flowers on very slender subspreading pedicels, deep violet-blue : segments of the perianth oblanceolate, obtuse aristulate, 6-7 lines long; capsule oblong I orobovoid, transversely corrugated, many-seeded: seeds irregularly obovoid, less than a line long. On dry grassy plains, Washington and Oregon to Nevada. 8. angastlfolinm Mill. Gard. Diet, ed 7, 1859. Pale glaucous-green : ! stems slender 4-20 inches high, of a single node, or rarely forked: leaves I rigid and often almost setaceous, 4-8 mohes long, ^-1^ lines wide, shorter than the stem: spathes stiffly erect, the bracts very unequal, the outer one usually about twice as long as the inner: pedicels erect, about 8 lines long, ihoi-ter than the bracts: segments of the perianth oblanceolate, emarginate, li-8 lines long, pale blue : capsule subglobose, 2-3 lines in diameter : seeds I H~/^ lice in diameter. On grassy plains, Oregon to Brit. Columbia and I Virginia. [;• . !' !> ?■'' I- f 636 iRtDACEiE SiSVRlNCHin.M H. occideutale Bicknell 1. c. 447. Glaucescent to pale glaucous-green, usually with a yellowish tinge: stems 7-12 inches high, stiff and erect, constricted just below the spathe: leaves firm and erect, very acute, much shorter than the stems, a line wide: spathes erect or slightly defiexed, tlie bracts often rather thin, the outer one mostly straight, the inner one mne or less convex in outline; outer bract 1-2 inches long, longer than the iiiiuT one, attenuate, acute, hyaline-margined below: flowers 3-6, deep violet- blue, on erect exserted pedicels: capsule subglobose, about 3 lines high. Idaho to Nevada and N. Dakota. S. septentrlonale Bicknell 1. c 452. Pale and glaucescent: steins 5-12 inches high growing in small tufts : leaves 5-8 inches long, stitf and erect, less than a line wide, mostly setaceous: spathes small, often partly double, one or more flowers arising from between the short proper spathes and the closely subtending slenderly prolonged outer bract ; inner bract 10-12 lines long, mostly attenuate and acute ; the outer bract 1-2 inches long: flowers very small, apparently not more than 3 or 4, on erect pedicels usually sliorter than the inner bract: segments of the perianth 3-5 lines long, acuminate and short-aristate, not retnse, pale rope or violet: capsule subglobose, 2-3 lines long. Eastern Washington and Idaho to Assiniboia. S. Idahoense Bicknell 1. c. 445. Pale-green and glaucous : stems 10- 18 inches high straight and erect, or somewhat flexuously curved, often twisted, mostly simple: leaves 5-15 inches high, varying from thin and somewhat lax to firm and closely erect, 1-2 lines wide, attenuate to some- what abruptly acute : spathes often deflexed, long and narrow, the keel of one or both often serrulate or hispidulous; outer one 1)^-3 inches long, commonly H~H longer than the inner one: flowers 3-6, on erect pedicels, deep violet-blue with rather small yellow eye : segments of the perianth 7-10 lines long : ovary glandular-puberulent : capsule globose or ovoid, 2-3 lines high. Washington to Idaho and California. S. sarinentosa Suksdorf in Herb. Greene Eryth. iii, 121. Dull green and glaucescent, growing in dense tufts : stems very slender, erect or as- cending, 6-10 inches high, simple or with a leaf and branch or a tuft of leaves and branches near the top : leaves very narrow, equalling or shorter than the stems, attenuate, acute : spathes erect, the bracts very unequal, the outer one 1 Vg-S inches long, acuminate, rather abruptly acute, the in- ner one 6-18 lines long: flowers 1-3, bright blue: segments of the perianth 4-5 lines long, not emarginate but abruptly contracted into the short aris- tate tip: capsule thin-walled, subglobose, 2-3 lines high. Borders of wet meadows, Skamania Co. Washington. * * Scapes with a solitary sessile spathe: filaments united only at base : anthers linear, sagittate. +- Scapes 2-edged: flowers yellow : style very deeply cleft. S. Californicuiii Ait. f. Hort Kew. iv, 135. Scapes broadly winged, 6-15 inches high: leaves much shorter than the scapes, 2-3 lines wide: bracts of the spathe more or less unequal, the longer about equalling the pedicels : flowers 3-7, bright yellow ; segments of the perianth 4-6 lines long, 5-7-nerved, obtuse or acutish : anthers 1^2 iines long, about equalling the filaments: style cleft to below the middle, the linear branches as lon^r as the anthers : capsule obovate-oblong, 4 lines long : seeds half a line in diameter. j*long the coast, Vancouver Island to California, in various forme. ■*- ■*- Scapes compressed but not margined : flowers large, purple : style cleft at the apex. S. grandlfloniiii Dougl. Lindl. Bot. Reg. xvi, t. 1364. Glabrous and bright green: scapes slender, 4-12 inches high, growing in dense tufts (ir SMILAX SMILACEvE 637 solitary, leafy at base : leaves linear, 2-6 inches long, 1-2 lines wide : spathes 1-4-flowerecl, its bracts broad, very unequal, the outer 2-3 inches long, long-acuminate, inner one about an inch long, acute or short-acumin- ate, scarious-margined : flowers bright reddish-purple to white : segments of the perianth 6-10 lines long, cuneate-oblong, abruptly acute and often shortly acuminate: filaments broad at base. 3-6 lines long, much shorter than the style ; an theirs 2 lines long: capsule obovoid, 2-3 lines high. Common in moist places in the interior, California to Brit. Columbia. Order XCV SMILACE^E Vent. Tab!, ii, 146. (1799) Shrubby or herbaceous climbing plants with alternate net- veined petioled leaves that develop stipular persistent tendrils by which the stem is secured to shrubs, and small dioecious flowers in axillary umbels. Perianth-segments 6, similar. Stamens mostly 6, distinct; filaments ligulate; anthers attached by the base, 2-celled, introrse. Ovary 3-celled, the cells oppo- site the inner segments of the perianth. Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell, orthotropous, ouspended. Style very short or none : stig- mas 1- 3. Fruit a globose berry containing l-(> seeds. Embryo small, in copious horny albumen. 1 SMILAX L. Sp. 1028. Climbing plants with broad leaves and small greenish flowers in axillary umbels. Rootsock usually very large and tuberous. Flowers regular, perianth-segments distinct, deciduous, with the anthers inserted on their bases. Staminate flowers without an ovary: the pistillate usually witli 1-6 abortive stamens. Embryo lying under a tubercle at the upper end of the seed. S. Califurnica Gray in Herb. Watson Bot. Cal. ii, 186. Glabrous : stema woody, 4-20 feet long, terete or somewhat angled, naked or covered with weak spreading prickles : leaves broadly ovate, abruptly acute, some- what cordate at base, 1^-4 inches long, thin and deciduous, roughish on the margins, on petioles about an inch long peduncles s'ender, flat, 2-3 times longer than the petioles : flowers 20 or less: segments of the perianth 4-9, green narrowly oblong, 5 lines long : fruit black, 2 lines in diameter. In thickets along streams, southern Oregon and northern California. Order XCVI LILIACEiE Adans. Earn. TI. 42. (1763) Scapose or leafy-stemmed plants from bulbs or rarely from rootstocks with various leaves and regular mostly perfect usu- ally showy flowers mostly in umbels or racemes. Perianth parted into 6 distinct or nearly distinct segments, or these more or less united into a tube, inferior or partly superior. Stamens 6, hypogynous or borne on the perianth at the base of its segments : anthers 2-celled, mostly introrse. Ovary 8-celled, with few or numeious anatropous or amphitropous ovules in each cell. Style united: stigma 3-lobed or capitate. Fruit a loculicidal or septicidal capsule. Seeds various, winged or wiugless. Embryo in copious albumen. I Flowers with scarious bracts, a persistent perianth with ■ V is? i ■ 'I 688 LILIACFiE 1 -several-nerved segments, perigynous stamens with introrse ant hers and an undivided mostly persistent style. * Inflorescence umbellate upon a naked scape from a bulb or corui : fruit a loculicidal capsule : seeds more or less targid, with close black testa. -*■ Bulb mostly tunicated : bracts broad and spathaceous. 1 Allium Pedicels not jointed : perianth deeply parted ; segments 1 -nerv- ed : filaments naked, in 1 row : style filiform, jointed upon the very short axis, seeds 1 or 2 in each cell. ■*- ■*- Boot a coated corm : bracts several, distinct: capsule scarcely lobed, several-seeded. 8 Brodliea Perianth funnelfornf, not contracted at the throat nor sac- cate at base : stamens 6, in 1 or 2 rows, with winged or naked filaments, or 3 and alternate with as many staminodia. 3 Brevoortla Perianth deep scarlet with short yellowish lobes, the broad tube 6-saccate at base : stamens 3, with alternate broad truncate staminodia. * * Flowers on subterranean pedicels, in a sessile umbel with long linear scarioua bracts, upon a short rootstock : capsule loculicidal : seeds more or less turgid, with close black testa. 4 Lencocrlnnin Perianth white, salverform, with very narrow tube and several-nerved segments: stamens 6, in 1 row: leases linear, flat. * * * Root a bulb or corm : inflorescence racemous or paniculate: fruit a loculicidal capsule. ■*- Flowers rather large, on jointed pedicels in a simple open raceme : segments several-nerved: capsule obovate or oblong: seeds black, several in each cell. 5 Gamasgla Scapes naked : flowers blue to white ; segments distinct, spreading : seeds several, ovate, angled. ■*- *- Flowers small, racemes panicled : capsule triangular-obovate: cells 1-2-seeded. 6 Hastlnii^^la Stems sparingljr leafy, from tunicated bulbs : flowers white or greenish, numerous : perianth lax, scarious, the segments apparent- ly 1-nerved : style short. 7 Chlorogalam Stem leafy, from a tunicated bulb: flowers white or pinkish, scattered ; segments distinctly 3-nerved : style long. II Pedicels not jointed. Floral bracts none or foliaceoiis. Flowers with distinct netted- veined and deciduous segments, hy- pogynous stamens with more or less extrorse anthers and usually | deciduous styles united at least at base. * Perianth -segments similar, naked : styles long. *■ Bulb scaly : stem simple, strict leafy and leafy-bracteate : anthers versatile : seeds flat, horizontal. 8 Lfllnm Bulb-scales lanceolate : segments of the perianth oblanceolate, with a linear nectariferous groove, usually spotted : style undivided. 0 FritlUaria Bulb-scales short, very thick : segments of the perianth lanceolate or broader, concave, often mottled; nectary a shallow pit: styles united, or distinct to the middle. ALLIUM LlLiACEiE 689 *- ■*- Stem simple, low, from .i small tunicaied bulb : leaves linear, without veinlets : anthers attached by the base : seeds flat. 10 Lloydia Stem sparingly leafy, bearing a solitary flower with spread- ing persistent 3-nerved equal segments. •*-+-+- Stem low, 2-leaved, from an oblong corm : anthers attach- ed by the base : seeds turgid. 11 Erythroniam Leaves broad: perianth-segments oblanceolate, callous- toothed each side of the grooved nectary. * * Outer segments of the perianth smaller, somewhat sepal-like ; the inner broad and usually bearded : stigmas sessile. 12 Calochortns Stem usually lax or flexuous, from a coated corm : anthers attached by the base: capsule usually septicidal. 1 ALLIUM L. Sp. 294, Perennial herbs mostly with tunicated bulbs, a peculiar odor, lanceolate or linear leaves and rather small flowers in a terminal simple umbel. Perianth of (i nearly equal distinct lanceolate to linear more or less spreading 1-nerved segments that are often gibbous at base, and subtended by 2 or 3 membranous separate or united bracts. Pedicels not jointed. Stamens 6 inserted on the base of the segments rfilaments filiform: anthers mostly ovate- oblong, versatile. Ovary sessile, subglobose, deeply 8-lobed with a very short axis: ovules mostly 2, 1-several, at the base of each cell, ascending: style filiform, jointed on the axis: stigmas small. Capsule obtusely 3-lobed, loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds obovoid and wrinkled, with thin black testa. § I Bulbs cespitose, narrowly oblong and crowning a more or less persistent rhizome, coats membranaceous without peculiar 'reticulation: spathes mostly 2-valved: scapes terete. * Leaves terete and hollow. A. Schoenoprasnm L. Sp. 301. Scapes stout, 1-2 feet hig]i, from ub [long bulbs: umbel subcapitate, densely many-flowered, erect: spathe 2-val ved, its bracts broadly ovate : pedicels 1-3 lines long : flowers, rose-color, lunger than the pedicels : segments of the perianth 4-6 lines long, lanceol^ite, acuminate : stamens included : filaments subulate : ov't'vs 2 in each cell : capsule obtusely 3-lobed, about half as long as the perianth, not crested. I Along rivers in moist or wet soil from the Columbia river to Alaska and ♦he I Great Lakes : also in Europe and Asia. * * Leaves flat or channeled. A. cernunm Soth. Boem. Arch, i, part 3, 40. Bulbp usually clustered Ion a short rootstock, narrowly ovoid, with a long neck, 1-2 inches long: I scapes slender, slightly rigid, 6-20 inches high; leaves iinoar, channeled, lor uearly flat, 1-4 lines broad, often equalling the scape: umbel loosely many- Iflowered, nodding: spathe 2-valved, the bracts lanceolate or shorter, decid- Iuoub; pedicels filiform, 8-16 lines long: flowers rose color to white, the Isegmeats 2-3 lines long, broad and acutish: stamens and style exserted : Ifilaments filiform ; ovules 2 in each cell : capsule 3-lobed shorter than the [perianth, with 2 crests on the summit of each valve. On rocky banks and |blulfa along streams, Oregon to Brit. Columbia and the Alleghany Mts. A. validmn Watson Bot. King 360. Scapes very stout, 1-23^ feet .1- 640 LILIACEiE ALUlM high from a stout rhizome ; leaves ample, 2-8 lines broad, often nearly as i long as the scape : umbel often slightly nodding, with 2-4 bracts, densely many -flowered ; pedicels rather stout, 4-8 lines long : flowers rose-color to | nearly white; segments 3-4 lines long, narrowly acuminate: stamens and style usually exserted : capsule su' ^lohose, not crested. In wet placus in the mountains, Oregon to California and Nevada. § 2 Bulbs globose to ovoid, mostly solitary, not rhizoniatous : coats fibrous or membranaceous. Leaves narrowly linear, ll;it or channeled. Scapes terete or nearly so. Umbels erect. * Bulb-coats more or less fibrous : leaves several. A. Oeyeri Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xiv, 227. Scape Blender, 1(1-2)1 inches high : bulb elongated: leaves 2-4, slende.-, 8-10 inches long, rather I rigidly erect : spathe 2-valved ; the bracts broadly lanceolate, acuminate, 6-10 inches long: umbel densely many-flowered: pedicels slender, 6-121 lines long, spreading or reflexed: segments of the perianth pale rose-color | to white, about 4 lines long, lanceolate, acute or acuminate, strongly nerved, rigid in fruit, sometimes but little exceeding the stamens : capsule crested. | In low meadows, Oregon and Washington to Idaho. * * Bulb-coats not fibious : leaves 2-4, shorter than or about e(|ual- ling the scape. A. Douglas!! Hook. Fl. ii, 184. Scape stout, 7-15 inches high: biilbi ovate, about an inch long, the coats not reticulated: leaves 2, fiat, 5-lOJ inches long, about 6 lines wide: flowers very numerous, in a dense globose! umbel dark red, 3-4 lines long: segments lanceolate acuminate, scarcely j exeeding the stamens ovary not at all crested. Eastern Washington. A. iiiadldnm Watson 1. c. 228. Scapes rather stout, 4-8 inches l;igh: bulbs ovoid, 4-8 lines in diameter: leaves 2, thick and channeled, 3-6 inchesl long, 1-3 lines broad: spathe 2-valved, the bracts ovate to laiiceolate, tcutej 4-5 lines long: umbel usually many-flowered i pedicels 4-12 lines lonj; segments of the perianth pink to white, 4 lines long, ovate-oblong, acute, al little exceeding the stamens: cells of the ovary with two fleshy ridges at[ the summit. In wet place?, eastern Oregon and Washington. A. collinnm Dougl. in Herb. I have no specimens of this, it is poorlji described as follows. " Perianth segments ovate-lanceolate, acute, 4 linesl long, twice longer than the slender stamens and style: capsule very ob-| Bcurely ridged toward the summit ". Blue Mountains, Oregon. A. scilloides Dougl. in Herb. This is equally ol)Scure with the last.l " Perianth-segments oblong-lanceolate obtuse, 3 lines long, a half longerl than the stamens : ovary not at all crested. Priest's Rapids, Columbia river.r A. acuminatum '' -. Fl. ii, 184, t. 196. Scape 3-10 inches liigliJ bulb globose, 3-5 i i diameter: leaves 2, terete, shorter than thel scape : spathe 2-val . le bracts lanceolate, narrowly acuminate : pedicelsl 5-40, erect or asceuuiug: segments of the perianth 5-7 lines long, ianceo-r late with acuminate recurved tips, dark rose-color to nearly white, rif»id inj fruit, a third longer than the stamens, the inner ones undulate-serrulate:! capsule obscurely crested. Common on dry plains. Brit. Columlda to| California. Var. cuspldatum Femald. " Perianth-segments smaller, abiuptly| cuspidate. Near Wawawai, Washington." A. Itolanderl Watson 1. c. 229. Scape very slendtr, 3-10 inches lii,!.'li:| bulbs oblong, propagating by filiform runners; the one produciii): tliel scape remaining firm until the following season but not flowering ai-'ainT but producing a new bulb that flowers the following season: leaves tcrete| ALLUM Ar.LlOM LiLIACEif- 04 1 [ten neiiily as l >ract8, densely •8 rose-color to j : stamens and I wet places in j •hizomatnus; Linear, Hat or] ct. al. slender, 10-25| es long, nitlier ,te, acuminate,! s slender, 6-12 pale rose-color trongly nerved, capsule crested, about etiual- hes high : bulb res 2, flat, 5-11)1 a dense globosej ninate, scarcelyf ishington. -8 inches Ingh: eled, 3-6 inchesi uc«jolate, itciite, 4-12 line? lon^',1 oblong, acute, iij fleshy ridges at j on. this, it is iioorlyj te, acute, -i lines! capsule very ob-1 egon. e with the last.] g, a half longerl Columbia river,[ 10 inches high; lorter than thel minate : pedicelsl lies long, hinceo-r y white, riirid in| iulate-serrnlate:! fit. Columbia tol I almost filiform, i?horterthan the scape: spathe 2-valved; the bracts lanoeo- llate, long acuminate, 4-8 lines long: umbel rather few-flowered : pedicels lerect or ascending, {.'>-10 lines long: flowers rose-color to yellowish, 4-6 lines llong; the segments narrowly lanceolate, long acuminate, nearly straiglit, Itwico as long as ttie stamens, the inner ones strongly serrulate: filaments lillforra, adnate to the middle. Dry ground, southern' Oregon to California. A. attennifolinm Kellogg Proc. Calif. Aca • 1 J'^^^ly without reticulation. Leaves 2, broadly linear, flat and ;-10 inches ''^''jjJMcatc, thick. Scapes stout, much compressed and more or less flowerinTauain,Bi'>g-i''argined, low and mostly shorter than the leaves. Spathe ,n : leaves terete,p ours 2-valved. h 642 LILT ACE /E ALLIUM A. Watsoni. Scape slender, 2-3 inches hieh, narrowly margined : l)iilb ovoid, 4-6 lines in diameter: leaves 4-6 inches long, about 2 lines wide: bracts of the spathe lanceolate to ovate, acuminate, about 6 lines long: umbel rather loosely several- to many-flowered: pedicels erect or ascond- ing, 4-8 lines long: segments of the perianth lanceolate, acute, 3-4 lines long, light rose-color to pink, with dark mid-nerves, slightly exceeding; the stamens In open places in the Coast Mountains of middle Oregon. Dedi- cated to ttie late Sereno Watson, who in 1881 recognized it as an unde- scribed species but did not publish it for want of good material. (Speci- mens from the Blue mountains of Oregon appear to be of this species. A. Cusickii Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xiv, 228. Scape 3-4 inches high : bulb ovoid, 5-6 lines in diameter : leavoi falcate, 4-6 inches long, 2-1 lines wide: bracts of the spathe ovate, acuminate, 6-8 lines long: pedicels slender, 8-12 lines long: segments of the perianth broad lanceolate, gradu- ally acuminate, 5-6 lines long, nearly white to pink, distinctly gibbous at base nearly twice as long as the stamens: calls of the ovary shortly apicu- late. Union County, Oregon. A. falclfoliam H. & A. Bot. Beech. 400. Scape stout, prominently winged, 2-6 inches high : leaves narrowly lanceolate, 2-6 inches long, 4-6 lines wide, strongly falcate : bracts of the spathe broadly lanceolate to ovate, gradually acuminate, 6-8 lines lonj;: umbel loosely JBany -flowered : pedicels rather stout, 6-lS lines long, erect or ascenJinj^; : segments of the perianth with broadly lanceolate base and long attenuate somewhat spread- ing tips, rose-color to pink, gibbous at bise, minutely serrulate, 7-8 lines long, nearly twice as long as the stanens: capsule acute, with 3 short narrow central crests. On dry rocky ridf;es, southern Oregon to California. A. anceps Kellogg Proc. Am. Acad, ii, 109. fig. 32. Scapes 2-4 inches high, somewhat flattened and margined : leaves longer than the scape, 2-3 lines wide: umbel rather densely many-flowered: pedicels very slender. 6-9 lines long, erect or spreading : segments of the perianth very narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, lax, scarcely gibbous at base, nearly white with purple midveins, 3-5 lines long, little longer than the stamens and style: cells of the capsule with two broad obt use crests. Eastern Oregon to Ne- vada and California, A. pleianthnin Watson 1. c. 233. Scape slender, 3-5 inches high: leaves lalcate, 5-7 inches long, 2-5 lines wide : bracts of the spathe broadly ovate, acute and shortly acuminate: umbel rather loosely many-flowered: pedicels slender, 8-15 hues long, erect or ascending: segments of the peri- anth lanceolate, acuminate, gibbous at base, white to light rose-color, about 5 lines long, nearly twice as long as the stamens: ovary and capsule promi- nently 6-crested. On high hills in the John Day Valley, eastern Oregon. A. crenaiatair* Wiegnnd Bull. Torr. Bot. Club xxvi. 135. Scape 2-3 inches high, the ings Tenulately roughened: leaves 2-3 inches lon^, about a line wide, recurved, the marofins crenulate : bracts of the spathe | ovate-oblong, acute, about 5 lines ng: umbel few-flowered: pedicels shorter than the flowers : segments of the perianth pink, lanceolate, acntish, 4 lines long, twice as long as the stamens: ovary 6-crested at the summit. In loose ground near the summit of the Olympic Mountains, Washington. A. Tolmiei Baker But. Mag. under t. 6227. Scapes 3-5 inches liigh, conapicuously winged, smooth : leaves falcate, 4-6 inches long by 3-4 lines wide : bracts of the spathe broadly ovate, abruptly acuminate, 6-8 lines long: umbel rather densely few- to many -flowered: pedicels slender, 5-8 lines long, erect or spreading : segments of the perianth light rose-color to white, lanceolate, acute, about 5 lines long twice as long as the stamens: ovary very obscurely crested. On rocky ridges, eastern Oregon and] Washington to Utah. BRODIjBA LILI/VOEiS 643 A. similllmom Henderson Bull. Torr. Bot. Club xxvii. 395. 9c&pe 1-2 inchua IiikIi from the ovoid bulb, slender, flattentHi and very narrowly winged: leaves 4-d inches long, leas than a line wide, falcate to recurved: bracta of the apathe broadly ovate, acute or acutiah: umbel 6-U-flowered : pedicels slender, 1-2 lines long : aegments of the perianth narrowly oblong, obtuse, delicately denticulate with spreading papillte half way up, pinkinh- wbite with Htrong green niidnerve, H'H longer than the atamena : filaments dilated at base and aduate for >^ their length : ovary slightly created. On Sescsh Peak, Idaho. 2 BRODIiEA Smith Trans. Linn. Soc. x, 2. Including H0OKER.V Salisb. and TRITELIA Lindl. Perennial herbs with slender scapes from fibroniembranaceous- coated corms bearing a severiii-bracted umbel of few to many blue, purple, white, or yellow tlowers on jointed pedicels. Perianth perf^istent, funnelform, often narrowly so, not contracted at the throat nor saccate, or but slightly so, at base. Segments of the perianth one-nerved. Stamens 3, inserted on the throat opposite the inner segments and alternate with as many staminodia, or six in one or two rows with the filaments naked or appendaged. Style persistent, about equalling the anthers, with short diverg- ing entire stigmas. Ovary three-celled, with 3-8 ovules in each cell. Capsule ovate to oblong, more or less attenuate above. I Seeds angled, black. I 1 EuBROoriGA. Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xiv, 236. Peri- lanih broadly funnelform, the tube mostly shorter than the limb. I Stamens in one row. Anthers at^hed by the base. * Segments of the perianth 2-3 times longer than the tube : stamens 3, alternate with as many staminodia. B. grrandiflora Smith Trans. Linn. Soc. z, 2. Snape smooth,* 3-10 I indies high : leaves about a line broad, thick and somewhat terete, about aa long as tiie stem : pedicels l-l(X or more, )^-3 inches long : perianth varying from purple to light rose-color, 10-20 tines long: segments of the perianth liufar-oolong, ohtuae or auutfsh, strongly l-nerved : filaments rather clender, 1-2 lines long, the anthers twice os long: staminodia lieu- late, entire, obtuse, whitish about equalling the anthers: cap-ule seSMie, narrowed Ht base, oi>loiig, attenuate into the short rigid style; cells 6-8- Ueeded: seedb a line long. Common in open places, California to British I Culumbia. I B. minor Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xiv, 236. Scapes very slender, 1 3-6 inches high, smooth, bearing an umbel of 2-6 rays an inch or two long : Iperaiith 7-14 lines long; anthers oblong 2 lines long shorter than the broailiv ligulate usually emurginatc staminodia: capsule obovoid, sessile or nearly so, 3 lines long, acute, the cells 3-8eeded: seeds a line long. I Oregon to California. B. congresta Smith 1. c. 3, t. 1. Scapes slender, 2-4 feet high, smooth : I leaves carinate, glaucous, 6-18 inches Idng, 4-9 lines wide: umbel densely lew- to many flowered, often produced into a short dense raceme : pedicels 1-3 lines long: perianth 8-10 lines long, blui-«h-purple, the oblong lanceo- late segments twice as long as the tube: anthers very nearly sessile, deeply euiarginatrt at each end, 2-3 lines long: staminodia deeply cleft, exceeding tb anthera: ca mule sessile, ovate, d lines long including the short thick I style: ceils several-ovuled, usually l-seedeJ: seed 2 lines long. Common I 1^' <'tt-i! 644 LILIAOE^. BROUIiKA M • m on rocky hillsides. California to Brit. Columbia. B. mnltltlora Benth. PI. Hartw. 330. Scape 1-2 feet high, somewhat I scabrouf) : umbel not produced ; staminodia entire, bioad and obtuse, about equalling the anthers: seeds several in each cell. From the Sacramento | valley to Oregon. * * Flowers subcapitate ; the segments little l«>nger than the tube, stuinens 6, the inner with a free lanceolate appendage on each siile; the outer ones naked. B. capltata Benth. 1. c. Scapes 1-2 feet high : leaves a foot long or I more, sometimes longer than the scape, 2-10 lines wide, carinate, usually glaucous: flowers few to many, nearly sessile or on pedicels 2-6 lines long: perianth rather broadly funnelform. 6-10 lines long, from blue or purple I to white: inner antherH nearly sessile, linear, 2 lines long, slightly sburter than the oblong-lanceolate appendages ; the outer smaller, on short naked | fllamentf) broadly dilated at base: capsule ovoid, sessile, about 3 lines long, beaked by the slender style nearly as long: seeds several in each cell, 2 1 lines long. On dry open ridges, southern Oregon to California.] § 2 Tritelia Lindl. Bot. Reg. as genus. Segments of thej perianth equalling or shorter than the tube. Stamens in 2 rows with more or less distinctly versatile anthers. Capsule stipitatet| B. Douglasii Watson 1. c. Tritelia grandijiora Lindl. Scape 1-3 fee high, smooth, erect and usually etuut: leaves 16-18 inches long, 2-81ine^| wide, carinate: umbel subcapitate, usuallv many flowered: pedicels 1-1" | lines long: perianth 8-12 lines long, dark blue; the tube subsaccate at baeo< about as long as the ovate obtuse lobes: anthers oblong, a line long, the! lower 3 inserted on the throat opposite the outer segments attached nearl the base and erect on very short filaments; the upper 3 inserted on the| inner segments, attached near the middle and versatile on short free fi ments which form below prominent wings within the tube: style slender,! about 3 lines long : capsule ovoid, about 4 lines long, on a stipe nearly i long: seeds several in each cell. On sandy plains, eastern Oregon and] Washington to Wyoming and Utah. B. Howelllt Watson 1. c 301. Scape 1-3 feet high: leaves 8-12 inohes I long, 1-4 lines broad: umbel UHuallv few-flowered subcapitate: tlowersj white with light blue base to light blue, 8-10 lines long; the broad tubel longer than the oblong-ovate obtuse lobes: stamens in 2 rows, the lowerj inserted on the throat opposite the 3 outer segments, on very short deltoid I filaments, the upper inserted at the base of the inner segments, with I broadly winged filaments about 2 lines long; anthers all attached near thel middle, nearly 2 lines long: capsule oblong, attenuate upward into thel style, the cells about 6-seeded. On dry plains, eastern Washington andj Oregon near the base of the Cascade Mountain's. § 3 Calliprora Stamens in 1 row, with deltoid or wing-dilat-J ed filaments and versatile anthers. Capsule stipitate. B. lactea Watson 1. c. 23S. Scape usually slender, 1-3 feet high,! smooth or scabrous : leaves 6-b inches long 2-6 lines wide : umbel subcapM tate, few- to many-flowered : pedicels >^-2 inches long: perianth white withj green mid-nerve, 4-8 lines long, the short and broad tube not half as io as the oblong obtuse segments : stamens in one row, inserted on the baael of the segments, with broad deltoid filaments and short anthers attachedl a little below the middle : style slender, 3-4 lines long : capsule subglobo8e,r on a stipe 1-2 lines long. Common in wet places and moist meudows,] California to Brit. Columbia and Idaho. B. Bridg-esii Watson 1. c. 337 Scape slender, 6-18 inches high : leavesl BR2V00RTIA LEUCOCKINOH LILIACEiE 646 6-3 inches long. 2-3 lines wide, usually falcate : pedicels 10-20, >^-2 inches long: perianth blue or purplish to nearly white, 12-15 lines long, the tube very narrow and longer than the segments : stamens inserted on the throat; tlie nearly equal filaments dilated downward, the free portion 1-2 lines ionf;; anthers linear, 2 lines long: capsule ovoid, 4 lines long, shorter than the stipe, beaked by the very slender style : seeds 2-3 in each cell, 1>^ lines long. On dry ridges in the Coast Mountains, southern Oregon to California. B. Henderson! Watson Proc. Am. Acud. xxiii, 266. Scapes 6-18 inches high, smooth: leaves as long or longer than the scape. 2-0 lines vide: umbel subcapitate, few- to many-flowered : pe^licels slender, 1-2 inches long : perianth an inch long, yellow with blue mid veins, the f un- I nelform tube nearly as long as the lanceolate segments: stamens inserted at the base of the tube, the filaments adnata to it and winged below, the free portion slender and half as long as the segments : anthers small, oblong, I attached near the base : ovary subglobose, on a stipe as long as the tube of I tlie perianth, beaked by the slender style. On dry ridges, southern Oregon. 3 BREVOOIiTIA Wood Proo. Philad. Acad. 1867, 82. Scapose herbs from coated corms, with all radical leaves and showy flowers on jointed pedicels in subcapitate unbels. Peri- anth persistent, broadly tubular, shortly 6-saccate at the truncate base, slightly constricted above, the short segments usually erect, faintly one-nerved. Stamens 3, inserted on the throat opposite the inner segments, alternate with 3 very broad truncate corona- like staminodia: filaments very short, naked: anthers attached by the base, emarginate at each end. Ovary stipitate, with elon- I gated persistent style : cells 4-6-ovuled. Capsule triangular-ovate, I acuminate. Seeds angled, black. B. ida*Maia Wood 1. c. Scape slender, 1-3 feet high : leaves 1-2 feet I long or nore, 2-4 lines wide carinate, glaucous : umbel 6-16-flowered : pedi- I celf 6-12 lines long or more: perianth 1-1)^ inches long, dark red, the seg- j ments ovate, 2-3 lines long, bordered with greenish yellow : anthers oblong, equallins; the segments ; staminodia a half (shorter, yellow : capsule on a stipe 2-3 lines long, ovate-oblong, attenuate upward into the somewhat persistent style : seeds 2 lii^ feet high, from an ovoid bulb ^-\}4 inches in diametr- leaves 10-12 inches long, 3-8 lines wide, usually .attenuate above and nearly as long as the scape: brads subulate, 1-2 inches long, acuminate: pedicels shorter than the brac'ts: perianth.eomewhatlodlique, one of the outer segments turning downward, all of the others upward, dark to light blue, the outer ones narrowly lan- ceolate nearly an inch long, the inner r nes broader and abruptly contiarlpd at base to a short claw not twisted over tiie young capsule but looRe at its ba-e, stamens nearly equalling the segmentn, with oblong anther 1-2 lines long: ovfleii 16-18 in each cell : capsule oblong obovate. jmewhat narrow- ed at lii£?e, nlher obiuFely angled, 6-12 lines long. Comni(>nin wet mead- ows, Brft.. Ooiumbia to Califoruia and.the Rocky mountains. C. I.sichtlinli Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xx, 376. Scape rather slen- der 1-2 iVet high : leaves anout a foot long, -1-6 lines wide, the edges invijii- te at the apex and tlms^apparently attenuate: bracts scarsous or colored, or the lowest ones green, linear- lanceolate, often longer than the bracts: perianth regular or nearly so, dark blue: the segment jlrather broadly lan- ceolate, an inch or more long, but little longer than the stamens, connivent over the young capsule and;at length deciduous together: capsule oblon;;- obovate, el glitly emarginate at the apex, usually 8-10 lines long and sliorter than the pedicels: seedB odovate, dull. In wet meadows in the Cascade Mountains Oregon and Wa»>hiDgton. C. Caslckll Watson I. c xxii, 479. Bulbs clustered (I-T2), lar^e. 1-2 inches thick or more, and bearing 8- 20 large glaucous leaves 12-18 inches long, 6-18 lines wide : stem 2-3 feet high : pedicels 6-12 lines long or more: flowers large, pale blue, the narrow segments 3-5-iierved, persistently spreading; capsule oblong, abruptly acute, transversely veined, 6-8 lines long: seeds odovate, shining. On slopes of the Eagle Creek Mountains, eastern Oregon. C. aziirea Heller Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, xxvi, 547, under Quamanin Fcape 14-16 inches high fiom a deep seated bulb, glabrous, sparingly leaiy below: leaves about % ihe lenelh of the Fcape below the innoiescence,2-i lines wide, somewhat glantous beneath : pedicels slender, lu-12 line long: bracts alx-utas long as the pedicels, bluish or straw-color, chady, HA8TI «-HLOl« r. Hof^ liiii'li. fron inclies lonj hracis filifi lines long, oIhIo segm open until length dec Ifinjr, the ce plain east c 6 Perenn: coated bii numerous racemes 0 scnrious b ments. S linear-obl oe'ls 2-ovt shining U H. alba Foniephat ti incli'-H long branched, 1-2 lines lo lims long. 3neived: lines h'gh sides, sout H. bra< oiisly COHI lines wid liiQFely m lines long the perian nerved: 1 seen. In Coarse radical le small sea; or pinkis spreadinf middle, mens 6, i to their 1 a pair of 3-cleft at broadly t in each c testa. CAMASStA HABTTXGBIA (.IILOUOGALVM LILIACEiB MT r. Howellll WatFon, 1. c 135. Sciipo ratVjer slpnder, lfi-24 inrhcB hii'li. from an ovoid bulb about nn inch ii» diameter: l«'avH8 6-8, 12-18 inches long, 2-6 lines wide: racer ie many- flowered. 12-18 inches Inn : hrncts filiform-snbnlate. H-12 lines lone: ned it-els slender, spread i n|/, H- 18 lincH lonfr, loniier than the bracts : perianth dark bine or pnrple, thi* lance- olali) segments 8-10 lines long, regnlar, opening almut 2 P M. remaining open until snnset, then cloasing over the ovary and not opening ai^ain, at length decidnons: CHp<>nle broadly triangular ovate, very obtnse, 8 lines lon|r, the cells I'-S-seeded seeds ol) -void, shining, a line long. On a gravelly plnin east of (irxnt's Pass, soutliern Oregon. 6 HASTINGSIA Wateon Proc Am. Acad, xiv 217. d stems from row leaves nnd I'^fl bracted .^omewliat lerved peg- Perenninl herbs wilh scape-like sparingly h' coated bulbs, rather niimeron.s all rudical i\ numerous small whitish flowers in f-omewii racemes on jointed pedicels. Perianth lax, scnrious but persistent, of (i distinct oblonp < ments. Stamens 6 ndnate to the bnse of the sepmonts: anthers linear-oblonp, versatile. Ovary ovoid, very shortly stipilate: the cells 2-ovuled. Style short, persistent. Seeds oblong, with black shining testa. H. alba Watson 1. c. 2-12. Bulbs membrnnonsly coated, or the onter Foinephat tibion- : stem often stout, erect, 1-2)^ feet high: leaves 12-18 incli»'S long, 2-ft lines wide, attenuate ol)ove: niceme simple or sparinitly branched, densely many-flowered: bracts narrowly acuminate, pedicels 1-2 lines lone, shorter than the bracts: segments of the perianth about '2^ liiHS long. «blong, obtuse, whiteortinged with greener pink, prominently 3 neived : stamens abnut equalling the periHnib : capsule broadly ovo'd, 3 lines h'gh. very shortly stipitate: seeds oblong, 2 lines long. Un dry hill- sides, southern* Oregon to California. H. bracteosa Watson I. c. xx, .177. Bulb narrowly oblong, rnembran- oupIv coHted: stem 1-H I'eet high, often stout: leaves l2-2'i inches long. 1-4 lines wide, acum'nate above: lacemes 8im|>le or sparingly branciied, liioFely many-flowered: bracts flliforni-subulate from a bruad base, 6-10 lines long or more : pedicels ascending, about 2 lines long: segments of tiie perianth dull white, lanceolate, acuminate, 4-1 lines long, prominently nnrved: SiRmens about half as long as the segments: mature fruit not seen. In marshes near Waldo southern Oregon. 7 CHLOROGALUM Kunth Enum. iv, 683. Ci)!irse herbs with fibrous or membranous coated bulbs, narrOAv radical leaves, scape-like stems paniculately branched above and smjil! scarious-bracted flowers on jointed pedicels. Perianth white or pinkish, of 6 distinct oblimg or narrowly ligulate more or less spreading segments with 3 close but distinct nerves down the middle, at length twisted over the ovary and persistent. Sta- mens 6, a little shorter than the segments, inserted on and adnate to their bases: anthers versatile. Ovary sessile or nearly so, with a pair of ascending ovules in each cell. Style filiform, slightlj' 3cleft at the apex, deciduous. Capsule •hick-membranaceous, broadly turbinate, 3-lobed, locnlicidally dehiscent. Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell, obovate, with a close thin somewhat rugose blackish testa. ,%. ^^% ^^^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 11.25 m Ki |2.2 E Hi ■" Hluu llllim 1.4 11.6 - 6" VI 71 c2r 0^ V 7, 7 ^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WBT MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MSEO (716)S72-4S03 ^ ii fd 648 LILIAGE^ CHLOBOGALCM ULICM C. pomeridlanam Kunth 1. c. Uulb oblons-ovoid, 2-4 inches in di' ameter, deneely covered with coarse brown fibres : stem and spreading panicle 1-6 feet high : leaves 6-18 inches long, 3-10 lines wide, carinate, glaucous, the margins strongly undulate ; the cauline one or two much shorter and attenuate: flowers numerous, scattered, in a much branched open panicle : bracts lanceolate, 1-2 lines long, acuminate : pedicels slender, 6-10 lines long: segments of the perianth white with purple veins, 8-10 lines long, linear, opening only in the afternoon and closing over the ovary in the night : capsule 3 lines high, the valves pinnately nerved : seeds ly^-i lines long. On dry ridge", southern Oregon to California. 8 LILIUM L. Sp. 302. Herbs with simple leafy stems from scaly bulbs, with fiat sessile whorled or scattered leaves and usually large flowers in foliaceous- bracted racemes or subumbellate clusters. Pedicels not jointed. Perianth funnelform, of 6 distinct equal deciduous segments with a nectariferous groove toward the base. Stamens 6, hypogynous, included : anthers linear to oblong, versatile, extrorse, longitu- dinally dehiscent. Ovary sessile, many-ovuled. Style long, clavate, deciduous: stigma 3-lobed. Capsule coriaceous, loculi- cidally dehiscent, somewhat 6-angled Seeds numerous, flat, horizontal, in 2 rows in each cell, with brownish thin testa. * Flowers white to purplish or red : segments of the perianth with long narrow claws, the tips spreading but not revolute. L. Waghlngtonlaimm Kellogg Proc. Calif, Acad, ii, 13. Bulb large, somewhat rhizomatous and oblique, 2-12 inches long, tlie scales imbricated, lanceolate, 2-3 inches long, not jointed: stem terete, 1-7 feet high, glab- rous or somewhat scabrous : leaves in several whorls of 6-18, the upper and lower unually scattered, oblanceolate, acute or acuti8h,3-5 inches long, 8-15 lines wide, more or leas undulate : flowers one to many, very fragrant, white, becoming purplish with age, often finely dotted with purple, hori- zontally declinate on stout nearly erect pedicels 1-1 inches long ; segments 3-4 inches long, 3-10 lines wide, the upper third spreading; stamens a little shorter, with yellow anthers 5-6 lines long : capsule obovate-oblong, truncate, obtusely angled or sometimes narrowly winced, 1-lK inches long. In loose soil on dry open mountain ridges, Oregon to California. L. rabescens Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xiv, 256. Bulb smaller, but little oblique, 1-3 inches in diameter, the thick lanceolate scales about an inch long: stem stout, 1-7 feet high, smooth: leaves glabrouH, glaucous beneath, unduUte or flat, the lower scattered the upper in 3-7 whorls, ob- lanceolate, acute or acutisb, 1-4 inches long, 6-12 linoj^ wide: flowers usually several, on ascending pedicels 1-3 inches long, pale lilac to white, becoming rose-purple, somewhat dotted with brown, segments 1^-3 inches long, the upper third spreading : stamens and style a third shorter : anthers two to three lines long : ovary wing -angled, attenuate downward, half inch long. On wooded hillsides, southern Oregon to California. L* Bolanderi Watson 1. c. 377. Bulb small, ovoid, one to two inchei in diameter, the thick lanceolate scales 1-1^ inch lone: stem rather stout, six inches to four feet high, onc' to several -flowered: leaves vertit^llate in one to four approximate whorls, lanceolate to obovate, obtuse to acute. often apicnlate, glaucous beneath, one to two inches long: flowers one to several in a subumbellate cluster, somewhat nodding on erect pedicels 1-4 inches long, segments lanceolate, one to two inches lone, three to bIx lines wide, acute, dull purplish-red outside, bright red dotted with maroon inside, the upper third spreading : stamens and style about two thirds as LItlUM LILIACE^ rianth with long as the segments : anthers two to three lines long : capsiile oblong or gborter, an inm ions. On dry rocky ridgee in the Coast Mountains of southern Oregon and northern California. * * Flowers yellow, orange or reddish, mostly conspicuously spot- ted; segments of the perianth usually revolute. L. parram Kellogg 1. c. 176. Bulbsmall, the thick jointed scales one half to one inch long, upon a branching rhizome : stem slender, two to six feet high : leaves scattered or in whorle, lanceolate to linear, acute or acu- minate, two to six inches long, an inch or less wide: flowers few to many, erect or nearly so on slender pedicels two to four inches long, yeliow or orange and usually dotted with purple within, reddish above ; segments one to two inches long, more or less spreading or the tips recurved, pubescent toward the apex : stumens an inch lon(; about equalling the style ; anthers ablong, one to two lines long : capsule subspherical, 7-9 lines long, truncate above. In the mountains at 40UO-8000 feet altitude, southern Oregon and northern California. C. pardallnnm Kellogg 1. c. 12. Rhizome thick and branching, form- ing mat-like masses of roundish bulbs, the scales jointed near the base : stem slender, 3-7 feet high : leaves usually in 3-4 whorls of 9-15, scattered above and below, narrowly lanceolate and sharply acuminate, 3-7 inches long, 2-12 lineswide, thin and faintly-nerved, glabrous and glaucous : flowers few to many, racemose or the lower in whorls, on stout pedicels ?-10 inches long : segments of the perianth 2-3 inches iong, 6-9 lines wide, lanceolate, strong- ly revolute, bright orange-red with lighter orange centre and large purple spots on the lower half : stamens l}4-2 inches long : with red anthers 4-5 lines long : style little exceeding the anthers : capsule narrowly oblong, with acutish angles, 1-1^ inches lon^. umbilicate at the summit. In springy places. Southern Oregon to California. L. Colnmblannm Hansen. Baker Gard. Chron. 1871, 1257. Bulb small ^-2 inches in diameter with lanceolate acute closely appresed scales about an inch long : stem slender, 2-6 feet high : leaves in whorls of 3-9 or more, the upper and lower often scattered, usually odlanceolate, 1-6 inches long, 9-15 lines wide, usually acute, the lower often obtuse, smooth : flow- ers few to many, on slender curving more or less divergent pedicels 3-6 inches long: segments of the perianth 1^-2 inches long, 4-6 lines wide, stronglv revolute, bright orange thickly dotted with purple within : sta- mens aouut equalling the style, with yellow oblong anthers 2-3 lines long : capsule short-oblong, about an inch long, acutely 6-angled. Common from Brit. Columbia to California and Idaho. L. Fardyi Waugh. L. Bakeri Purdy Eryth. v, 104. Bulb ovoid about an inch in diameter the lanceolate acute, scales closely appresed : stem 2-6 feet high, rather stout, terete, smooth : leaves lanceolate, mostly in whorls : flowers 1-10: segments of the perianth \% inch long, 5 lines wide acute: lower half of segments forming a closely costricted tube from which the upper half spreads rotately, tips not recurved, orange red, the lower portion thickly dotted with maroon spots, very fragrant : stamens a little shorter than the segments, equalling or exceeding the style : capsule about an inch long acutely 6-9ngled. In sandy woods along Pugei. Sound, Washington to Brit. Columbia. 9 303. FRITILLARIA L. Sp. Perennial herbs with simple leafy stems from scaly bulbs, flat leaves and mostly large nodding flowers in terminal leafy-bracted racemes. Perianth campanulate to funnelform, of 6 distinct equal concave deciduous segments with a smooth shallow nectar- iferous pit near the base. Stamens 6, inserted on the base of the '■■I ■,'! 'J'.« iP ■' 1 f5>) ■ ■^^ ' ii 1 • 660 LIIJACE^ FBITILLARtA LLiUYDtA segments, included : filaments slender : anthers oblong, versatile, extrorse, dehiscent Interiilly. Ovar}' sessile or nearly so, many- ovuled. Styles slender, usually exceeding the stamens, unite i to the midJle or throughout, deciduous. Capsule membranaceous, obtusely or acutely 6-angle'l or 6-winged, loculiciJally S-valved, Seeds numerous, horizontal, flat, in 2 rows in each cell, with tiiin light brown testa. F. recnrra Renth. PI. Hnrtw. 340. Bulb-acales thick, .3-4 lines long or less: stem rather stout, 1-2 feet kigii, bearing l-\) narrow fiianeli'onn flow- ers: leaves linear-lanceolate, 2-4 inches long, usnally in two wkorld ol' lourto eight each near the middle of the stem: segmentd of the perianth naiiowly oblaaceolate, scarlet outside, yellow spotted with sciti'let within, 1-1^ iiicb long, 4-5 lines wide, the tins recurved; nectary obscure: stamens and stylda l.ttle shorter than the segmenis: styleslenderdistinct above; stigmtts linear: capsule obscurely angled. On dry hillsides, southern Oregon to Califoruia. F. lanceoiata Pursh Fl. 280. Bulb of thick ncnlea three to pix lines long: stem usually sto it, 6-lH inches high: leaves lancei)late;to linear-lanceolate, 2-5 inches long, obtuse, usually in a whorl of 5 ne.ir the m dJle of the stem: flowers 1-15, mottled purple and trrceaish yellow, »)n) i lly c i n > ulate, ouly rather slender recurved pedicels, segments of the porianth narroV ohi >ng-: lanceola'e, strongly arch, wiih a large oblong nectary, about an inch long stemens 6-8 lines long: style distinct to the middle: stigmas linear: ua|isule short and thick, broadly winged. Common in copses Brit. Columbia to California and Idaho. F. glavca Ur*'ene Eryth. i, 153. Bnlh of few thick orales: ntem 2-3 inches high, rather stout: leaves 2-4, sotttered, oblong-lanceloate, 1-3 iachea long, thick, gaucous: flowers 1-3, open campiuulate, purple m irked with greenish yellow: segments of the perianth oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, K-10 fines long, about four lines wide, with large oblong nect tries: stamens about six lines long, the fliaments dilatnd downward; anthers oblong, litde more than a line long: styles distinct to the middle: stigmas linear: capsule siioit, acutely angled. On barren slopes near Waldo, suuthern Oregon. F. atropnrpnrea Nutt. Journ. \va\. Philad. vii. 54. I^ulb of num- erous thick scales half-inch long or less: stem usually slender. 8-3 i inches high: leaves 6-20, linear, sc.ittere I on the uppe -t of the stem or somewhat verticillaie, two to three inches long: flower^ on slender pedicels, dull purp e with morH or less green, open campinu . ; segmjuts broaJly lance i- late 6-9 lines long spreading, with obairaro nectaries: stamens about four linen long: style sTunder, distinct to the niddle, with linear stigmas: capsule broadly obovate acutely angled. From the Blue Mountains of Oregon to j California and Nebraska. F. pndica ''prengle Syst ii, Q4. Bulb of numerous very small rounded scales: stem 2-i0 inohcs'his;h: leaves :^S, linear to narrowly oblanceo ate, scattered or somewhat verticil late, 2-4 inches long: flower usially solitary, nodding, yellow or orange, sometimes tinged with purple, narrow-cam pauu- late: segments of the perianth 5-U lines long, oblong-spatniate, obtuse, s mewhat spreading: stamens nearly equading the style, 6-8 lines long: an- thers 2 lines long: styles connate to the top; stigma shortly 3-lobed: capsule oblong to Hiibgloboi«, 6-12 lines long, oi>tusely angled. Common in the | interior, Brit. Columbia to California and Utah. 10 LLOYDIA Salisb. Bulbous herbs with simple leafy stems, narrow grass-like leaves LLOYDIA EUYTHBONIUM LILIACEifi 661 iSS-Uke leaves and whitish flowers in terminal racemes or solitary. Perianth of 6 distinct equal persistent segments with a transverse margined nectariferous fold above the base. Stamens 6, inserted at the base of the segments : filaments subulate-filiform : anthers versatile, oblong, rounded at the apex, deeply perforated at the emarginate base for the insertion of the filament, dehiscent along each margin. Ovary triangular, 3-celled, the ovules numerous, in two rows in each cell, horizontal, anatropous. Style persistent, with shortly 3-lobed stigma. Capsule chartaceous, loculicidally 3-valved at the apex. Seeds flat, with a brown membranously margined testa and very small embryo. L. serotina Reichenb. Fl. Excurs. 102. Stem slender, erect or ascend- ing, 2-5 inches high: radical leaves filiform, equalling or exceeding the stem, triangular to teretish, the cauline ones short and diminishing up- ward, linear-lanceolate, somewhat sheathing : flowers erect, usually solita- ry: segments of the perianth oblanceolate, obtuse, obscurely pitted at base, 4-5 lines long, white with 3 purplish lines: capsule obovate, obtusely angled, 4 lines long. Eastern Oregon to the Rocky Mountains and the Arctic coast. 11 ERYTHRONIUM L, Sp. 305. " ' ' Low herbs from membranous-coated corms with 2-3 apparent- ly radical flat leaves and one to several large flowers in a terminal raceme. Perianth broadly funnelform, of 6 distinct nearly equal lanceolate deciduous segments that are mostly revolute from near the base, the inner usually auriculate below and callous- toothed on each side of a nectai'ferous groove. Stamens 6) hy- pogynous, with rather short slender filaments and linear anthers I attached by the base and longitudinally dehiscent. Ovarj' nearly sessile, many-ovuled. Style slender, entire with short 3-lobe stig- ima, or 3-cleft and the stigmas at length revolute, deciduous. I Caqsule membranaceous, obtusely triangular, loculicidally 3-val- ved. Seeds in two rows in each cell, ascending, with brown or black rugulose testa somewhat loose at the apex. E. grandiflorom Pursh Fl. 231. Scape stout, 1-2 feet high: leaves broadly lanceolate, 4-6 inches long, acute and shortly cub^idate, pale green, not mottled : segments of the perianth bright yellow with whitish base; outer ones lance^ate, obtuse; inner ones narrower, acuminate, with 4 stout hyaline teeth at base, all strongly revolute, l>^-3 inches long: style clavate ; the stigmas at length distinct and recurved. In the mountains of I eastern Oregon to Brit. Columbia and the Rocky Mountains. Yar. parTiflornm Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xxvi, 129. Scape usu* ally 8-12 inches high : leaves oblong-lanceolate ; flowers smaller, the seg- ments 12-15 lines long. In the mountains California to Brit. Columbia and the Rocky Mountains. E. reyolntam Smith in Rees' Oyc. Scape 10-12 inches high, 1-3- flowered : leaves narrowed below to a usually narrow petiole, 2-6 inches long, conspicuously marked with dark brown and white : segments of the perianth narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, 18 lines long, 3-4 lines wide, I strongly revolute, white to pinkish-rose outside, golden-orange deepning to a dark purple inside, the 3 inner auricled and with 4 blunt teeth: anthers about 4 lines long, bright yellow : stigmas at length distinct and recurved. X i ■:■ I ■i.li 699 LILIACEiE ERYTHRONIUM ;'- likif.-? :■¥ 1, 4 i 'I' ^ ', Near the coatit, Vancouver Island to Oregon. E. Johnsoni Bolander Eryth. iii, 127, appears to be a pink-flowered form of this species. E. glgantenm Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1786. Scape 6-lH inches high, l-o- flowered : leaves broadly lanceolate, or in poorly developed specimens 1 narrower, green mottled with brown and white, 4-6 inches long, mostly acute and shortly apiculate, rather abruptly narrowed below to a short and | broadly margined petiole : outer segments of the perianth lanceolate, acu- minate, 1^-2 inches long, 4-6 lines wide ; inner ones a little wider and I more acummate, all cream-color mavked with yellow and orange near the base, strongly revolute; the inner ones auricled and 4- toothed at base: style clavate, about as long as the stamens, the stigmas distinct and at | length strongly revolute. On stony ridges, western Washington to Calif. E. montannm Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xxvi, 130. Scape slender, 6-18 inches high, 1-3-flowered : leaves broadly lanceolate to almost ovate, more or less abruptly contracted at base into a winged petiole, the blade I 2-4 inches long, pale green, not mottled : segments of the perianth pure | white with orange base, often turning pinkish in age, 1-1% inches long, broadly lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, the inner ones with small teeth i at base: style clavate, much longer than the stamens ; the stigmas distinct and at length spreading. On grassy slopes in the highest parts of the | Cascade Mountains in Oregon and Washington. E. cltrinmn Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xxii, 480. Corm oblong. 1-2 inches long, 4-6 lines in diameter; scape rather stout. 6-10 inches high, 1-9-flowered, the flowers approximate and all opening at near the same I time: leaves very broadly lanceolate, 4-6 lines long, obtuseand very shorty [ apiculate, attenuate at base to a very short petiole, the margins moreorl less undulate, green markeed with dark brown and white : segments of the I perianth broadly lanceolate, obtuse, 12-15 lines long, bright lemon-colorl with orange base, the tips drying pinkish, strongly revolute, the teeth at I the base of the inner ones thin: filaments not dilated downward: style! rather thick shorter than or barely equalling the stamens : the stigmasl coalescent by the edges : capsule, an inch 1 ng, very obtuse. On dry ridges | in pine woods, near Deer Creek southern Oregon. E. Mendersonl Watson 1. c. 479. Scape slender, 6-12 inches high, 1-3-flowered : leaves lanceolate to oblong, obtuse and very shortly apiculate, I narrowed below to a short petiole, the blade 3-6 inches long, green mottled I with white and brown : segments of the perianth lanceolate, obtuse, 12-181 lines long, purple with very dark base bordered above with yellow ; the | inner ones auricled above the very short claw, the auricles fleshy and sub- saccate, the 2 scales subglobose-inflated : filaments purple, very slender I and attenuate upward, thrice longer than the brownish anthers: style] narrowly clavate, shorter than or about equalling the stamens, the trian- gular cupulate stigma very shortly 3-lobed. Common in the Rogue river j valley, southern Oregon. E. Howellilj Watson 1. c. 480, Scape rather slender, 6-18 inches high, I 1-3-flowered: leaves oblong-lanueolate to lanceolate, 3-6 inches long, an inch or less wide usually acute and shortly apiculate, green mottled with white and brown : segments of the perianth lanceolate, 18 lines long, straw- color to white'.with orange base, often drying pinkish : the inner narrowed downward, without auricles or scales : stamens white, the filaments very slender : style slightly clavate, shorter than the stamens ; the cupulate | stigma faintly 3-lobed. In dry open woods near Waldo southern Oregon. 12 CALOCHORTUS Pursh Fl. 240. Perennial herbs from coated corms, simple or branched leafy 1 stems, linear leaves, the radical in our species solitary, and large | THRONIUM CALOOHORTUS LILIACE^ 663 flowers in bracted racemes. Perianth of 3 narrow greenish se- pals and 3 broad more or less concave distinct deciduous petals usually with a conspicuous glandular pit near the bnse. Stamens (), inserted on the bases of the the segments, included : anthers linear to oblong, attached by the base, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary sessile, triangular, 3-celled, many-ovuled. Stigmas sessile, recurved, persistent. Capsule membranaceous, 3-angled or 3- winged, mostly septicidally dehiscent. Seeds numerous, in two rows in each cell, somewhat flattened, with a thin membranous I white or brownish often loose testa. C. Maweanas Leicbtlin Baker Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv, 305. Stem lliexuous 3-lU inches high, usually branched and 3-10-flowered : leaves hlancouB, exceeding the stem, 4-6 lines wide: bracts lanceolate, an inch long or more : sepals ovate-lanceolate acute or acuminate, purplish : petals u little longer, white, or purplish at base, ti-8 lines long, broadly obovate, icate, somewhat pitted and arched, the broad naked claw covered above by a transverse semicircular scale, the rest of the surface more or less I densely covered with long erect white or purplish hairs : anthers lanceolate. lacuminate, 2 lines long: capsule oblong-elliptic, acutish. Near the coast, I southern Oregon to California. Var. roseuH Purdy Proc. Calif. Acad. 3d ser. ii, 121. Bulbs with I mahogany-colored coats: flowers tinged with rose. Southern Oregon. C. eleirans Pursh Fl. 240. Stem very slender, 4-8 inches high 1-4- Iflowered: leaf lanceolate, acuminate, 2-4 lines wide, exceeding t^e stem : I bracts about half the length of the pedicels, acuminate from a base 2 lines fide : sepals ovate, acute, greenish- white outside, purplish at base : petals lobovate, obtuse, whitish, or slightly tinged with green, with a purple spot Ion the claw, thickly covered with rather short soft hairs, except a ban. I I around the margins, which are white on the upper and purple on the lower ■ portion; scale narrow, ascending, deeply fringed, covering about }4 the Iwidth of the claw: anthers long-acuminate: capsule elliptical, rounded at leach end. In pine woods, eastern Washington and Idaho. C, Lyallii Baker 1. c. C. elegans var. nanus Wood. Stem slender, IMO inches high, umbellately 3-5-flowered : leaf lanceolate, 4-6 lines wide, [acute, often )^ longer than the stem: bracts lanceolate, long acuminate, labont an incl) long: sepals oblong-lanceolate short acuminate, 6-10 lines I long, greenish-purple, strongly arched below, the pit thus formed dark Ipurple inside: petals light yellow to nearly white with purplish base, Itonger than the sepals, often an inch broad, triangular-ovate, finely erose, irounded and often shortly acuminate at the apex, strongly arched below, I the scale broad and covered with retrorse hairs, the portion above the scale [pubescent with short soft hairs except a narrow belt around the apex : fil- [iments broad, abruptly narrowed at the apex: anthers lanceolate, long-ac- [nminate above, 4 lines lone: capsule elliptical 10-12 lines long nodding. [On grassy slopes on the highest parts of tiie Cascade Mountains, Oregon [to Brit. Columbia. C. Lobbil Purdy 1. c. 122. Stem 3-5 inches high : leaf 3-5 lines wide, [longer than the stem, abruptly acute: sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute, [greenish with a dark spot below, 6-8 lines long ; petals a little longer, white [tinned with green, broadly rhombic-ovate, very deeply pitted, the pit [ihowing as a prominent knob on the back, hairy above the gland: scale I very narrow, deeply bordered with long feathery fringe and concealed in [the receES of the pit: filaments subulate; anthers oblong, acuminate, [ending in a hooked cusp: capsule narrowly beaked. Only known from [Mount Jefferson, Oregon. 664 LILIACEiG CAIXMMORTCS CALOCH( V 4' 0* nniflornB H. & A. Bot. Beech. 398, t. 94. Stem low, flexuouB, usually branched. 4-12 inches high, umbellately 1-9-flowered: leaves 1-2, 4-6 lines wide, exceeding the stem : bracts linear-lanceolate, long and con- 1 spicuous : flowers open-campanulate, on flexuous pedicels 3-10 inches long; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, greenish-lilac; petals cuneate, some- what truncate, erose-denticulate, 10-12 lines long, lilac to rose-color, often with a purple spot on each side of the scale^ sparingly hairy immediately above the gland, otherwise naked ; gland shallow, not pitted ; scale narrow, | triangular: filaments slender; anthers obovate, obtuse, 2 lines long : cap- sule elliptical nodding. In wet meadows, southern Oregon to California. C* Tolmiel H. & A. 1. c. Stem erect or ascending, 6-18 inches high,| usually branched : leaf 4-8 lines wide, shorter than or exceeding the stem : bracts foliaceous, long acuminate, 1-4 mches long : flowers broadly cam- panulate; sepals oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 6-10 lines long, purplish;! petals yellowish purple, cuneate-obovate, a little longer than tne sepals, rounded and acutely apiculate at the summit, deepl]^ pitted near the base, pubescent with long crisped purple and white hairs ; the gland without | scale but the upper circular edge with a dense fringe of reflexed hairs : anthers lanceolate, acute, 2-3 lines long: capsule elliptical, acute at both I ends 10-15 lines long, nodding, On dry grassy plains, Willamette valle; | Oregon to northern California. €• Fnrdyl Eastwood Proc. Calif. Acad. 3d ser. i, 137, pi. xi, fig9.| 8a & 8b. Stem 8-16 inches high, rather stout, erect, branching, 2— many- flowered : leaf linear-lanceolate, acuminate, about 8 inches long, 4-6 lines I wide : bracts foliaceous, acuminate : sepals from ellipttical to narrowly ovate, I abruptly acuminate, green tinged with purple outside ; i)etals broadly ob- ovate-cuneate, acute or rounded at the apex, creamy-white or tinged with [ purple, the inner surface bearded all over with white and purple hairs. somewhat arched by the narrow semicircular gland, the shallow pit covered I by a densely hairy narrow scale: anthers lanceolate, abruptljr acuminate: capsule elliptical,'l>^ inches long, nodding. On grassy hillsides, Willam- ette valley Oregon. C. apicvlatng Baker Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv, 305. Stem stout, erect, 12-18 inches high : leaf 6-12 inches long, 3-9 lines wide : bracts linear, acuminate, 1-3 inches long : sepals lanceolate, greenish-white, acute, 6-9 lines long ; petals straw-color, broadly obovate, an inch long, sparingly I hairy aboTe inside, distinctly pi ttec*, the pit densely hairy and without scale: anthers 4 lines long» acuminate: capsule 12-15 lines long, narrowly | odlong, nodding. Lake Fend Oreille Idaho. C. nltldus Dougl. Trans. Hort. Soc. vii, 277, t. 9, fig a. Stem 1-2 feet high, rather stout, stiffly erect : leaf linear-ianceolate, 8-13 inches long, 3-6 lines wide : bracts lanceolate, long acuminate, 1-2 inches long : flowers large, open-campanulate; sepals lanceolate, long-acuminate 1&-18 lines long, hyaline-nargined on one side; petals verj' broadly ovate, as long as the sepals, whii'* or straw-color to lavender, with an Inuago spot near the centre, rounded above, sparsely bearded except a broad belt at the summit, {'land small, rounded, densety matted with short hairs : anthers linear-ob- ong, 6-8 lines long, obtuse at both ends : capsule round to broadly elliptic, 8-10 lines long, with short stout beak, erect. Powder river Mountains, eastern Oregon to Nevada. €. Nnttallii T. & G. Fac. B. Rep. ii, 124. Stem slender. 3-15 inches high, umbellately 1-6 flowered : radical leaf linear, deeply channeled, cau- line 1-3, narrow, glaucous, the margins revolute : bracts long-acuminate, 1-2 inches long: sepals ov.\te-lanceolate, with scarious margins, yellowish within, with or without a dark spot at base which is sometimes hairy, 10-12 lines longt much shorter than the petals, acute ; petals broadly obovate cuneate with rather narrow claw, l';4 inches long, abruptly acute or LOOHORTUH CAL0CH0RTU8 LILIAOE^ 656 rounded at the apez^ white above, yellowiah below, with a Btnall round or oblong gland which is densely cohered with agglutinated hairs, a few hairs scattered above : anthers oblong, obtuse, more or less sagittate : capsule I lanceolate, 1-2 inches long, erect. Eastern Oregon to Nevada and Nebraska. C. Howellil Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xxiii, 266. Bulb large, 0-12 I lines in diameter, very deep-seated : stem stiffly erect, 1-2 feet high, um- bellately l-3*flowered, sometin^es branched : radical leaf about a foot long, 4-6 lines wide, cauline leaf narrow, 3-6 inches long, long acuminate : bracts long acuminate from a broad base, 1-2 inches long : flowers open-cam panu- late : sepals broad lanceolate, acuminate, about 6 lines long, one margin hyaline, purplish outside : petals cuneate-obovate rounded at the apex, U'lii inches long, white with dark base, sparsely bearded with short crisp hairs inside : gland transversely oblong, densely covered with yellow hairs : linthers oblung, acute and apiculate, about 3 lines long: capsule elliptical, 1 8-10 lines long, erect. In moist places near Waldo southern Oregon. C. longibarbatns Watson 1. c. xvii, 381. Stem slender, 10-15 inches I high, strictly erect, um bellately one- to several-flowered: radical leaf broadly linear, acute, nearly as long as or longer than the stem; cauline linear and brac^-like: bracts linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 1-2 inches long: sepals rather narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, 8-10 lines long, greenish lilac within : petals lavender-color, lighter below with a dark-purple circn- llar band above the gland, cuneate-obovate, about an inch long, the apex I rounded to almost truncate, denticulate: gland small, roundisli, covered I with dense matted brown hairs with some lone silky hairs above and be- hide it, the margins not ciliate : filaments slender, dilated downward, 2-3 times as long as the narrowly ovate obtuse anthers: capsule elliptical, 19-10 lines long, erect. In low grassy grounds, eastern Oregon and Wash- jiagton near the base of the Cascade Mountains. C. payonaceas Fernald Bot. Gaz. xix, 335. Stem slender, strictly erect, 1-2 feet high : radical le^f lanceolate, not channeled, 1-1 >ie feet long, cauline bract-like, 3-4 inches long : bracts subulate, 1-3 inches long: sepals purplish, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, an inch long: petals cuneate-obo- vate, 15-18 lines long, lavender-color to purple, with a circular band above the small round gland which is covered with densely matted yellow hairs, the margins sparsely ciliate, the lower third sparingly bearded with silky haira: filaments slender, winged; anthers 3-6 linen long, shorter than the filaments: capsule elliptical, acutel;^ angled and strongly beaked, erect In low meadows near Pullman, Washington. C. macrocarpns Dougl. Trans. Hort. Soc. vii, 276, t. 8. Stem stout, erect and rigid, 1-2 feet high, one- to several- flowered > radical leaf deeply channeled, a foot or more long; cauline 3-6, narrow and convolute, 3-^ inches long : sepals lanceolate, acuminate, 15-18 lines long, purplish with a dark base inside, sometimes spotted and hairy, with a broad scarious mar- gin : petals cuneate-obovate, l)it-2 inches long and half as wide, purple, with a greenish line down the centre, the lower third above the gland spar- ingly bearded with glandular hairs : gland oblong, densely hairy : anthers lanceolate, obtuse 4-6 lines long, about as long as the filaments : capsule lanceolate, attenuate upward, 1-2 inches long, erect. On dry or sandy plains in the interior, California to Brit. Columbia. Order XCVII CONVALLARIACE-a: Link. Handb. i, 184. Scapose or leafy-stemmed plants with simple or branched rootstocks or bulbs, mostly broad parallel-veined leaves and numerous or solitaiy flowers in terminal racemes or panicles. Perianth inferior, 4-6-lobed or parted. Stamens 6, hypogyn- ous, or borne on the perianth : anthers introrselj or exextrorsely ;! I ■ II ^ ''I fe*r* V vi I ^ I" ■-I-. m 656 CONVALLARIACEiE VAQNKRA or laterally dehiscent. Ovary 1-3-oelled : ovules anatropous or amphitropous. Style slender or short : stigma mostly ^-lobocl Fruit a fleshy few- "to numerous-seeded berry. Embryo small, in copious albumen. 1 Yagnera Leaves alternate : flowers small, in a simple terminal raceme or panicle, six-merous : filaments subulate. 2 Unifoltnm Leaves alternate : flowers small, in a simple terminal ra- ceme, four-merous : filaments filiform. 8 Streptopng L«aves alternate, sessile : flowers small or middle-size, six-merous, extra-axillary : filaments flattened, short and broad. 4 DUpornm Leaves alternate : flowers middle-size, in terminal fascicles, six-merous : filaments filiform or somewhat flattened, longer than the anthers. 5 Clintonia Leaves all radical : flowers middle-size, six-merous in a tor. minal umbel: filaments filiform. tt Scollopls Leaves a pair upon an otherwise naked stem : flowers middle-size, umbellate upon a very short peduncle, tri-meroua : fila- ments filiform-subulate. 7 Trillium Leaves 3, whorled at the summit of the otherwise naked stem : flowers large, solitary and teminal, tri-merous : filaments short. 1 VAGNERA Adane. Fam. PI. ii, 496. (1763) SMILACINA Desf. (1807) Herbs with simple leafy stems, broad mostly sessile alternate leaves and small white flowers on jointed pedicels in terminal bracteate racemes, or panicles. Perianth persistent of 6 distinct, 1-3-nerved segments. Stamens 6: filaments subulate, inserted at the base of the segments: anthers versatile, introrse. Ovary ses- sile, ovate, 3 celled, with 2, usually collateral ovules in each cell. Style short and thick. 3-lobed at the summit, persistent. Fruit a globose 1-3-seeded berry. Seeds subglobose, with thin testa and horny albumen. * Flowers panicled, very small: stamens exceeding the oblong-lan- ceolate segments of the perianth. ¥• amplexioanlis Qreene. Smilacina amplexicauUs Nutt. Stems several from a stout elongated rootstock, 1-3 feet long ascending, covered with a short spreading pubescence : leaves ovate to lanceolate 3-7 inches long, strictly sessile and amplexicaul or sometimes with a very short dilated I clasping petiole, acute, rounded at base: usually pubescent with very short stiff hairs : panicle sessile or shortly peduncled, 2-9 inches long : pedicels solitary usually less than a line long; segments of the perianth less than a line long : filaments more or less broadly subulate, often broader than the segments : style nearly as long as the ovary : berries light red, finely dotted with purple) 2-3 lines in diameter, usually 1-seeded ; seed whitish, \% lines \ broad. In the Coast ranges, Brit. Columbia to California. V* raoeniosa Morong Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, v, 114. Smilacina race- inosa Desf. Stems often stout, erect or ascending, somewhat angled, finely | pubescent above or nearly glabrous, 1-3 feet high, from a thick fleshy root- stock: leaves oblong-lanceolate to oval, sessile, or the lower ones short- petioled, 3-6 inches long, 1-3 inches wide, acum in ate, finely pubescent I VAQNBRA VAONBRA UNirOLIUM rONVALLARlACEiE 667 lerouB in a tor- kncatli, the margiuB minutely oiliato: paniolc dousely many- (lowered, 1-4 iuclies long, pediincled: peilicels about a line long: Hegments of the periantli oblong, alx>ut a line long: style about half as long as the ovary: beiTies red speckled with purple, 2-3 lines in diameter. In moist wooiIh, Oregon to Brit. Columbia and across the continent. * * Flowers larger, in a simple few-flowered raceme: stamens shorter than tlie segments. V. seMlllfoUa Greene. Smilacina Hemlifolia Null. Stems slender, I usually flexuous abov 3, 10-18 inches high, froni slender ca-eeping rootHtocks: leaves lanceolate, 2-6 inches long, acute or acuminate, sessile and clasping, I usually flat and spreading, more or less pubescent, racemes 3-9-flowerete, very acu 'ucicles, nai v somewhat ^laments ab •vary small, seen. Ii northern Ca DIBPORUM OONVALLARIAOEiB 689 lines long: oek^mentB o( the perianth nearly erect, acute 6-11 line^ long: ittmens a third shorter: style usually more or less woolly abo«rc and slightly 3-oIeft at the apex : ovary nearly smooth : berry oblong-ovate, ittenuate above intoa nhort beak, triangular, 8-6-Beeded, about 6 lines long, I bright salmon-color, In the Coast Ranges, Oalifornia to Brit. Columbia. • * Leaves acute or sliortlv acuminate, mostly cordate and clasping ; Iterianth narrow and less gibbous at base : style entire. •*- Filaments elongated, longer than the anthers. 1). Hookcrl B. & H. 1. «. Promrte* Hookeri Ton. More or less rough- I pal)eBcent with short spreading hairs : stems slender, 1-2 feet high, diffuse- ly brandied : leaves ovate, mostly deeply cordate, rough on the margins ind nerves beneath, 1-3 inches Ions, the uppermost very oblique: flowers 1-6 in the fascicles: segments spreading above, 4-6 lines long, narrowed at )««e : stamens equalling or a little exceeding the perianth : ovary narrow, more or less pubescent : style entire, exserted, glabrous ; berries usually somewhat pubescent, obovate, obtuse, 4 lines long, 6-seeded. In the Coast ] Ranges, southern Oregon to California. D. traehyandrnm B. & H. 1. c. Prosarten Irachyandra Torr. More lor less putiescent with minute stiff hairs : stem slender, 12-18 inches high : I leaves ovate to oblong, acute or somewhat acuminate, but slightly or not It all cordate, l'-2 incnes long : flowers 1-3 in the fascicles : segments of the perianth lanceolate, acute, 4-5 lines long, }i longer than the stamens, harrowed at base: anthers minutely hispid: ovary glabrous: berries hmooth, with a short stout bealc. In the mountains of southern Oregon lind northern California. D. Oreganvm B. A H. 1. c. Prosartes Oregana Watson. Stem 1-3 lieet high, diffusely much branched, woolly-pubescent above : leaves ovate lor orbicular to oblong, piore or less acuminate, distinctly cordate at base, l!-4 inches long : flowers usually 1-2 in the fascicles, funnelform : segments ■of the perianth about 6 lines long, lanceolate, narrowed toward the base to It broad claw: filaments filiform with a dilated base, about 8 lines long: Itnthers a line long: style filiform, exceeding the stamens : berries orate, luutish, pubescent, 6-6 lines long, 3-6-aeeded. Common in forests, Oregon |to Brit. Columbia. D. traehyearpnm B. & H. 1. c. Protartes trachycarpa Wat$on. Pu- |l)eKent, at least when young: stem 1-2 feet high, rather sparingly branch- led : leaves ovate or oval to oblong-lanceolate, 2-4 inches Ions, acute or lihort acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base : flowers 1-3 in the fascicles, liarrow campanulate : segments of the perianth narrowly oblone or oblan- leeolate, 6-7 lines long : stamens about equalling the perianth : style slender, lexceeding the stamens : berries roughened, depressed -globose or somewhat lovoid, 4^ lines in diameter, 3-18-8eeded. In the mountains of eastern [Oregon and Washington to Nebraska and Manitoba. •*- ••- Anthers much longer than the very short filaments. D. parTlfollam B. & H. 1. c. Pronartea parvifolia WAtaon. More or tm pubescent with spreading hairs : stem 6-12 inches high, densely iiuch IbraQched: leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, more or less abruptly a^i min- Itte, very acute, slightly cordate at base, 6-18 lines long: flowers 1-6 iu. the laacicles, narrow campanulate : segments of the ^rianth lanceolate, acute r somewhat acumi»fl4«r 4-4 'lines long, white, twice as long as the stamens: jSlamentfl about a line long, shorter than the lanceolate acute anthers: pvary small, slightly pubescent: style slender, slightly exserted: berries pot seen. In the (joast and Siskiyou Mountains of southern Oregon and northern California. CONVALLARIAOEiE CLINTONIA SCO(.IOPlR .' . , ,,I i .. 6 CLINTONIA Raf. Journ. Phys. 102, 1819. Scapose herbs with slender rootstocku, few broad apparently radical many-nerved leaves and white or red flowers umbellate upon a Bcape-like peduncle. Perianth campanulate, of 6 distinct several-nerved equal deciduous segments, stamens 6, inserted on the base of the segments, with filiform filaments and oblong to linear versatile anthers, attached on the inner side and laterally dehiscent. Ovary sessile, 2-3-celled, with 2 to several ovules in each cell. Style slender, deciduous, slightly 2-3-lobed at the summit. Fruit a smooth few- to many-seeded berry, seeds somewhat compressed or angled, with smooth crustaceous brown- ish testa. C. unitfora Kunth Enutn. v. 169. More or less villous-pnbescent throuehoat : steais 1-2 inches long, mostly under ground : leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate to oblong-obovate, acute or ohcrtly apiculate, attenuate below to a sheathing petiole, 4-8 inches long by 1-2 wide: peduncle shorter than the leaves, 1- rarely 2-nowered: segments of the perianth white, ob- lanceolate. obtuse, 8-12 lines long ^ long'^f than the stamens : style about equalling the stamens: berries blue, oblong, 4-6 lines Ions, the cells 6-10- seeded. Common in damp forests in the mountains, California to Alaska. C. Aadrewslana Torr. Pac. R. Rep. iv, 150. Nearly glabrous, the inflorescence more or less pubescent : stem stout, 2-6 inches long, mostly under ground: leaves usually 4-6, broadly oblong to oblanceolate, shortly apiculate narrowed below to short petioles or sessile, 6-12 inches lone. 2-4 inches wide; peduncle 1-2 feet high, usually with a foliaceous bract: flow- ers deep rose-color, numerous in a terminal umbel and one or more lateral umbellate fascicles : pedicels slender, unequal, 4-12 lines long : perianth gibbous at base, 4-7 lines long : stamens a half shorter, about equalling the style: filaments pubescent: berries 4-5 lines long, the cells S-lU-seeded. In Sequoia forests near the coast, southern Oregon to California. 6 8C0LI0PIS Torr. Pac. R. Rep. iv, 145. Nearly acaulescent glabrous herbs with short fibrous-rooted rhizomes, a pair of thin apparently radical leaves subtended by scarioue sheaths and few flowers on long pedicels in a nearly sessile umbel. Perianth of 6 distinct deciduous segments, the 8 outer lanceolate, several-nerved, the 3 inner narrower and 3-nerved. Stamens 3, inserted at the base of the 3 outer segments, with fili- form-subulate filaments, and oblong 2-celled extrorse anthers. Ovary sessile, strongly triquetrous, 1-celled, the thickened angles placentiferous, with about 10 ascending ovules in 2 rows upon each placenta, style very short, persistent : stigmas linear, deep- ly channeled down the inner side. Fruit a thin-walled several- seeded capsule bursting irregularly. Seeds oblong, slightly curved, longitudinally sulcate-striate, with thin close light-colored testa. 8. HallU Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xiv, 272. Rhizome short, with numerous long fleshy -fibrous roots : stem not rising above the ground : leaves broably lanceolate, acute, 3-6 inches long, 1-2 inches wide, narrowed below to sheathing petioles: pedicels 1-8, very slender, 2-S inches long; outer segments of the perianth lanceolate or oblanceolate, .3-4 lines lontt, 1)^ lines wide, narrowed to a claw below, yellowish green >;peckled with red outside, striped with purple inside, bent outward near the middle, the TBILLIUH CONVALLARIACE^ an upper half spreading or deflexed : inner Begmente linear-spatulate, shorter tnan the outer ones, incurved and connivent over the stigmas : filaments 1-2 lines long, about half as long as the ovary. On moist mossy banks along mountain streamc, western Oregon. 7 TRILLIUM L. Sp. 339. Glabrous erect herbs with short tuber-like rhizomes, short simple stems bearing scarious sheaths at base and 3 flat leaves in a whorl around a single large flower at the summit. Perianth of 6 distinct persistent segments: the 3 outer narrow, green and sepal-like ; the 3 inner broader and usually white or red. Stamens 6, hypogyn- 0U8 ; with short filaments and linear, mostly extrorse, anthers. Ovary sessile, 3-6-angled or lobed, 3-celled, with several to many ovules in each cell. Styles 3, stigmatic along the inner side. Fruit a 3-celled or imperfectly 1-celled many-seeded berry-like capsule. S« eds ovate, with close thin testa. T. petlolavnm Pursh Fl. 544. Stem 3-4 inches high, oft«n scarcely exeerted above the basal sheaths: leaves with ovate-elliptic to reniforzn blade 3-6 inches wide, on stout petioles as long or longer : flower sessile ; sepals oblong-lanceolate, acute, about an inch long: petals dark purple, narrowly oblanceolate, scarcely longer than the sepals, 2-3 lines wide: anthers 6-8 lines long, dark purple : styles 5-6 lines long, recurved ; ovary shortly beaked. On rich hilleides and in copses, eastern Oregon and Washington to Idaho. T. chloropetalnm. T. sessile var. chloropetalum Ton. in part. T. msile var. VaU;(ornicum Wats of the perianth 3-4 lines long, obtuse, the outer ones broadly ovate and acute or rounded at base, short-clawed, the inner oblong, mbcordate at base, with a claw half a line long : gland almost semi-orbiculari the upper margin toothed but thin and not well defined. Idaho to Montana and| Utah. Z. iri'amineng Rydb. 1. c. Stem slender. 8-14 inches high: leaves I narrowly linear, scabrous on the margins and midrib, 4-8 inches long, 1-3 1 lines wide, conduplicate and somewhat falcate, all with distinct scarious I sheaths surrounding the stem : racemes rather short : bracts scarious, lanceolate, long-acuminate : outer segments of the perianth broadly ovate, | obtuse, acute at base and very short-clawed, inner ones ovate obtuse, sub- cordate at base, with a claw about a line long : gland almost semiorbicular, | the upper edge toothed but thin and not well-defined : capsule elongated- ovoid, 4-5 lines long. Idaho to Albertia and Nebraska. 4 TOFIELDIA Huds. Fl. Angl. ed. 2, 157. (1778.) Perennial herbs with short running rootstocks, fibrous roots. erect stems, linear somewhat 2-ranked and equitant leaves clus- tered at the base and small perfect white or greenish flowers in a | terminal bracted raceme, the flowers usually involucrate l)y " TCltiKttTA ABAMA MELANTHACE^ 665 scariouB more or less united bractlets on the pedicel. Perianth of 6 distinct 3-nerved persistent segments. Stamens G, equalling the segments and inserted, at their bases: filaments narrowly subulate: anthers round-cordate, attached by the base, 2-celled, laterally dehiscent. Ovary sessile, 3-lobed and 3-celled, with several ovules attached to the inner angle in each cell. Styles short, distinct, with small terminal stigmas. Capsule membran- aceous or rigid, beaked by the 3 persistent styles, septicidally dehiscent. Seeds several to many, with thin membranous testa, ■often tailed. T. gintinosa Pers. Syn. i, 309. Stem viscid- pubescent with black Iglands, 6-20 inches hi>eb, bearing 2-4 leaves near the base: radical leaves Itafted, 3-7 inches long, 1-8 lines wide : raceme oblong, the upper flowers Ifirgt appearing: j)edicels commonly clustered in S's, Rscending viscid- Ipabescent, becoming 2-6 lines long in fruit : involucral bracts minute, iDDited nearly or quite to their apires, borne just below the flower : segments loithe perianth oblong, mostlv obtuse, about 2 lines long, membranous: Icapsule oblong, about 3 lines high, 3-valved : seeds tailed at both ends. In Inountain marshes, Oregon to Alaska and across the Continent. T. lutermedia Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot, Club, xxvii, 528, Stem slen- Ider, about a foot high, viscid-pubescent with black glands above, leafy ■below: leaves 3-lU inches long, ^-3 lines wide: raceme dense, 6-12 lines JloDg;: bracts broad ovate : pedicels usually 3 together, a line or less long : liiivolucral bracts 3, broadly triangular, united for % their length: segments loithe perianth oblong, about a line long, acute, bright white, drying yel- llowish : capsule ovoid, about 3 lines long : seeds appendaged. In mountain Imarshes, Oregon to Alaska. T. ocddentalis Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xiv, 283. Stem stout, 1-3 lieet high, glandular above, sparingly leafy below: leaves 2-12 inches long, liamerous : raceme 1-2 inches long, dense : pedicels 2-3 together, 2-3 lines J, viscid below the involucral bracts which are united to the middle : iRgaaents of the perianth oblong, about 3 lines long : capsule obovate, 3-4 iGaeB long, long-beaked : seeds angular-ovate, with loose white spongy testa lind a slender tail at the outer end nearly as long as the body. In marshes, |Dorthern California to the Cascade Mountains in Washington, 5 ABAMA Adans. Fam. PI. ii, 47. (176.3.) ; ; NARTHECIUM Jvm. Gen. 47. {1789.) ' : 'il Perennial herbs with creeping or horizontal.rootstocks, fibrous Iroots, erect simple stems, linear grass-like leaves and small per- Ifect flowers in terminal bracted racemes, the pedicels bracteolate Inear the middle. Perianth of 6 distinct persistent segments. IStamens 6, hypogynous, distinct: filaments subulate, pubescent : |«nthers linear, attached by the base, introrse. Ovary sessile, linear- oblong, 3-celled, many-ovuled, attenuate upward to the Imall slightly lobed stigma. Capsule thin-chartaceous, loculicid- |lly 3-valved.. Seeds numerous ascending from near the base, pall and linear, with thin transparent testa, and a long bristle- like tail at each end. A. Californica Heller. Narthecium Californicum Baker. Rootstockn Nender, with scarious scales at the nodes : stems slender, densely tuf\'ed, I0-2O inches high : radical leaves 5-6 inches long, 1-2 lines wide, cauline AAA PONTEDBRIA.CEiE I ^11 I P: I' I I A XBBOPHYIiLOM HETERAHTHBBA 2 or S, short: raceme loose, becomiog 3-16 inches long, 30-40>flowered: pedicels 3-6 lines long, twice longer than the linear-lanceolate hracts and oractlets : segmentn of the perianth 3-4 lines long, a third longer than the stamens, bright yellow : filaments woolly except near the top : capsule ex- serted, the cells lO-lS-seeded. In marshes in the Coast Mountains, south- ern Oregon and northern California. 6 XEROPHYLLUM Michx. Fl. i, 210. (1803.) Tall perennial herbs with thick short woody rootstocks, coarse fibrous roots, Himple erect leafy stemf, narrow linear serrulate persistent leaves and many small white flowers in a terminal ra- ceme. Perianth of 6 distinct several-nerved persistent segments. Stamens 6, inserted at the base of the segments, with filiform- subulate filaments and rounded extrorse laterally dehiscent an- thers. Ovary sessile, ovate, 3-lobed, with 1-2 pairs of ovules in each cell. Capsule chartaceous, loculicidally dehiscent to the base, and sometimes also septicidal. Seeds 2-4 in each cell, as- cending, oblong, somewhat triangular-flattened, with thin longi- tudinally wrinkled, rather light-colored testa. X. tenax Nutt. Gen. i, 235. Rootstock often an inch thick or more: stems stout, 2-6 feet high, leafy below: radical leaves numerous, 1-3 feet long, about 2 lines wide, flat above, rather rigid ; cauline leaves shorter, scattered, gradually reduced udward: racemes at first dense, elongating and becoming 1-2 feet long : lower bracts foliaceous and serrulate, the up- per scarious and often upon the lower part of the pedicel : pedicels an inch or two long, erect in fruit : segments of the periantn 4-5 lines long, scarcely equalling tlie stamens : styles 2 lines long : capsule broadly ovale, acute, nearly 3lines long, S-valve'd : seeds narrowly oblong. Common in the high mountains, California to Brit. Columbia and Idaho. X* Douglasii Watson Proc. Am. Acad, xiv, 284. " Pedicels shorter, (6-15 lines long) : flowers smaller, the segments (2>^ lines long) exceeding the stamens : styles a line long : capsule cordate -ovate, 2 lines long, 6-valved, the abruptlv acute cells separating and then dehiscing : seeds snorter and broader. (Oregon to Montana. " Order XCIX PONTEDERIACEiE Dumort. Fam. 59. (1829) Perennial aquatic or bog plants with grass-like or petioled I thick leaves and perfect more or less irregular solitary or spiked flowers subtended by lenf-like spathes, l*erianth free from the ovary, corolla-like, B-parted. Stamens 3 or 6, inserted on the tube or the base of the perianth: filaments filiform, dilated at base or thickened at the middle: anthers 2-celled, linear-oblong or rarely ovate. Ovary 3-celled with the placenta) in the axis,| or 1-celIed with 3 parietal placentae. Style filiform or columnar, with terminal entire or minutely toothed stigma, ovules ana-l tropous, numerous, sometimes only one of them perfect. Fruit a many-seeded capsule or 1-seeded utricle. Embryo central, j cylindrical, in copious albumen. 1 HETERANTHERA R. & P. Prodr. Fl. Per. 9. (1794.) Herbs with creeping, ascending or floating stems, grass-like orl petioled leaves and small yellow, white or blue flowers subtended I raYLLUM XANTHBBA HMKflowered : ke bracts and nger than the : capsule ex- 1 tains, south- .) ocks, coarse ar serrulate terminal ra- it segments. ith filiforra- ihiscent an- of ovules in lent to the ach cell, as- L thin longi- lick or more: irous, 1-3 feet saves shorter, le, elongating ulate, the up- licels an inch long, scarcely ovale, acute, [>n ir. the high licels shorter, ig) exceeding ong, 6-valved, is snorter and 59. (1829) or petioledj rj or spiked ee from the | jrted on the I I, dilated at Qear-oblong in the axis, r columnar,! ovules ana- •fect. Fruit I ryo central, :i79i.) grass-like orj '8 subtended!