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a

Notes on the Gasteropoda of the Trenton
linnestone of Manitoba, with a descrio-'
tion of one new species.

By J. F. Whitbaybb.

:3SpSi"%'-j«,'^Safc«'-^«BS;-Si«S.

A«i«*«»*e*^^«^*5w^«^^s«i!«4*iv*w^'»^

' Reprinted from the Canadian Record of Science, April, 1893."

Notes on the Gasteropoda of the Trenton
limestone of Manitoba, with a descrip-
tion of one new species.'

By J. F. Whithavbs.

According to the latest researches of the officers of the
Canadian (reological Survey, the Trenton limestone of Lake
Winnipeg and the Red River valley in Manitoba consists
" at the bottom of a mottled buif and grey dolomitic lime-
stone, found at Big and Swampy Islands, etc., and probably
also at Bast Selkirk, above vsrhich- are other horizontal
evenly bedded limestones and dolomitCH, amounting in all
to a few hundred feet and all more or less rich in fossils."'''
In the present communication the words Trenton limestone
will be used to designate all those rocks which intervene
between the white quartzoso sandstone which is supposed
to be the local representative of the St. Peter's sandstone of
Wisconsin, etc., and the Hudson River formation, thereby
including all those rocks in Manitoba which have previously
been referred to the (Galena limestone.

' Communicated by permission of the Director of the Geological

Survey of Canada. ^ . ,.,

■' Tyrrell, Trans. Roy. Hoc, Canada, for 1891, vol. ix, sect. 4, p. 91 .

318

Canadian Record of Science.

The !specimen8 to which these notes refer are, with very
few exceptions, in the Museum of the Geological Survey at
Ottawa, and in the enumeration of the different species it
has not been thought either necessary or desirable to quote
all theii- synonyms and references, but only such as are
most likely to be useful to Canadian students.

Eaphistoma lentioulaee.

Pkurotomaria lenticulariii (Sowerby) Hall, 1847. Pal. St. N. York

vol. I, p. 172, pi. xxxviii,

tig. 0.
" '• " Owen. 1844. Geol. Rep. Iowa,

Wise, and Minn., p. 86,
pi. xviii, fig. 6.
Pleurotomaria Americana, Billings. 1860. Can. Nat. and Geol, vol.

VI, p. 164, fig. 7.
Pleurotomaria knticularu (Sowerby) Nicholson. 1875. Rep. Palaont,

Prov Ont., p. 19, fig. 7d-
liaplmiomu lenticnlans, Whitfield. 1882. Geol. Wiscons., vol. iv, p'

214, pi. vi, figs. 4 and 5.

Lower Fort Garry, D. Dale Owen, 1848. Cat Head,
Lake Winnipeg, T. C. Weston, 1884: one specimen. Birch
Island, Kinwow Hay, Lak(! Winnipeg, T. C. Weston, 1884,
one specimen, and Messi-s. Dowling ^j Lambe, 1890, two
specimens. One or two specimens of this species, also,
were collected by Messrs. Dowling & Lambe in 1890 and
1891, at the Dog's Head and at Commissionei's (or Cran-
berry), Snake, and Little Tamarack islands, Lake Winnipeg.

All the specimens collected at tliese localities are badly
preserved casts <jf the interior of the shell. Thev are
obviously conspecitic with the foswilsfrom the Trenton lime-
stone of the States of New Vork and Wisconsin, which
Professors Hall and WhitHeld have identified with the
Pleurotomaria lenticularin of Sowerby. Similar, but some-
times better preserved spe(!imens, are common in the Tren-
ton limestone of Ontario and Quebec, and in the Hudson
River formation of the Island of Arilicosti.

Salter, however, in 1859, expressed the opinion that the

1 .«
• • •

• • •

• • •

Irenton Gasteropoda of Manitoba.

319

American fossils which had then been referred to P. lenti-
cularis, Sowerby, are distinct from that species, and in the
following year E. Hillings maintained that three species,
which he then described and figured under the names
Pleurotomaria Progne, P. Americana and P. Helena, had been
mistaken for tho true P. le.nticularis. The specimens so far
collected in Manitoba are too imperfect to be identified with
much certainty, but they all appear to belong to the form
which Billings proposed to distinguish as P. Americana.

Lindstrom, on page 108 of his valuable monograph *'on
the Silurian Gasteropoda and Pteropoda of ( rothland," states
that the shell which Conrad figured as P. lenticularis,
Sowerby, in 1848, in Emmons' Geological Eeport of the
Third District of the State of New York, is P. qualteriata,
Sohlotheim, and that it is " quite different " from the
P. lenticularis ofUM.

Pleurotomaria subconica.

PleurotomarlK sut>coinca, Hall. 1847. Pal. St. N. York, vol. i, pp. 174

and .304, pis. xxxvii, fig. 8, &
xxxviii, fig. 3.
«« " Billings. 1863. Geol. Canada, p. 180, fig.

174.
" « Whitfield. 1882. Geol. Wiscons., vol. iv,

p. 216, pi. vi, fig. 1.

The Dog's Head (two specimens), and Stony Point (one
specimen), Lake Winnipeg, T. C. Weston, 1884.

Pleurotomaria muealib.

Pleurotomaria mnralis, D. D. Owen. 1852. Rep. Geol. Surv. Wise,

Iowa and Minn., p. 581, pi. ii, fig. 6.

" Lower Fort Garry, Ked Eiver of the North," Owen
(op. cit., p. 626). A natural mould of the exterior of the
test of the upper portion of a specimen, collected by Dr. R.
Bell, in 1879, at the Limestone Kapid 100 miles up the
Nelson River, Keewatin, and a very badly preserved speci-
men collected by Mr. DowJing, in 1891, at the Dog's Head,
Lake Winnipeg, are both possibly referable to this species.

320

Canadian Record of Science.

MURCHISONIA MILLERI.

Murchisonia bidncta, Hall. 1847. Pal. St. N. York, vol. i, p. 177, p.

xxxviii, figs. 5a-h. But not M. bidncta
McCoy, 1846.
** " Salter. 1859. Geol. Surv. Can., Org. Rem., Dec.

1, p. 19, pi. iv, figs. 5 & 6.

Murchuonia Milleri, Hall, 1877. In Miller's Am. Pal. Foss., ed. i,

p. 244.

Plenrotoviana bidncta, Lindstrom. 1884. Sil. Gastr. and Pterop. Goth-
land, p. 106, pi. viii, tigs. 15-25.

Rlk Island, Lake Winnipeg, Dr. A. R. C. Selwyn, 1872 :
one imperfect and badly preserved specimen. Snake Island
(near the Dog's Head) in the same lake, Messrs. Dowling
and Lambe, 1890 : a well preserved mould of the exterior
of the shell.

Murchisonia oracilis.

Murchisonia gradlis, Hall. 1847. Pal. St. N. York, vol. i, p. 181. pi.

xxxix, figs. 4, a, b, c.
" " Salter. 1859. Geol. Surv. Can., Can. Org. Rem.,

Dec. 1, p. 22, pi. V, fig. L
Billings. 18(i3. Geol. Canada, p. 188, fig. 178.
" " Nicholson. 1875. Rep. Pal. Prov. Ont., p. 18,

fig. 7c.

Snake Island, Messrs. Dowling & Lambe, 1890: four
casts of the interior of the shell.

Murchisonia bellicincta, var. tbretipgrmis.

Murchisonia teretiformis, Billings. 1857. Geol. Surv. Can. Rep. Progr.

1853-56, p. 298.
1886. Cat. Sil. Foes. Isld. Anti-
costi, pp. 18 & 55.
Murchisonia beWdncta, Whiteaves. 1880. Geol. Surv. Can., Rep-

Expl. and Surv., 1878-79, pp. 47c, and
48c.
Cfr. also Murchisonia major, Hall. 1851. In Foster and Whitney's

Rep. Geol. Lake Super. Land
I^'str., p. 209, pi. xxvi, figs. 1 a-c.
" Whitfield. Geol. Wiscons., vol. iv, p.
244, pi. ix, fig. 4.

Trenton Gasteropoda of Manitoba.

321

One of the most abundant species of gasteiopoda in the
Ti-enton limestone of Manitoba is a hirge Murr/usonia which
the pi-esent writer has identified with the M. major of Hall,
but which does not seem to differ materially from M. betli-
cincta except in size. Specimens of this Murchisonia (which
had previously boon collected at two localities on the
Nelson River in Keewatin by Dr. R. Bell in 1879), were
obtained by Mr. Weston, in 1884, at East Selkirk and Lower
Fort Garry, at Klk. Big and J)eer Islands, Big Grindstone
Point, the Dog's Head, and Jack Fish Bay, Lake Winnipeg ;
by Mr. Tyrrell in 1889 at Berens (or Swarapy) Island; and
by Messrs. Dowling&Lambe in 1890 at Black Bear, Snake,
Little Tamarack and Jack Head islands, in Lake Winnipeg.
All the specimens from these localities, like those of M,
major from Wisconsin, are mere casts of the interior of the
shell, which are imperfect at both ends but especially so at
the larger end. They rarely exceed four inches and a half
in length and not more than six volutions are preserved.
Not a vestige of the surface ornamentation can be detected
on any of them, and indeed Professor Whitfield has ex-
pressed the opinion that the fossils from the States of ISTew
York and Wisconsin, which have been described as M. belli-
cincta and M. major, are not true Murchisonias, as, so far as
ho has observed, " none of them show any evidence of
having been marked with a revolving band." In regard to
the typical form of M. bellicincta it may be remarked that
Ferdinand Eoemer has figured a European specimen of it,
in which the spiral slit-band, and backwardly divergent
growth lines are cleaily shown on each of the volutions, on
Plate V, fig. 7, of the Atlas to the first volume of the
Lethcea Geognostica, published in 1876.

In 1890 Messrs. Dowling & Lambe collected, at Berens
Island, Lake Winnipeg, two specimens which throw quite a
new light on this point and upon the characters and affini
ties of this large variety of M. bellicincta. One of these is
upwards of seven inches and the other fully eight inches in
length, and nine volutions can be counted in each. The
shorter of the two has the test preserved on the last two

822

Canadian Beord of Science.

volutions, though tho whole of the specimen has obviously
been subjected to abnormal and lateral compression. Its
surface markings consist of a broad, flat and nearly central,
spiral slit-band, to which the growth lines on each side con'-
verge obliquely backward. Apart from its abnormal com-
pression, this specimen is essentially similar in size, shape
and surface markings, to the specimens from Gamache IJay,
Anticosti, which Mr. Billings refers to his M. teretiformis
<op. cit., p. 55) and upon which he buses the statement that
" this sj)ecies has a wide flat band about the middle of the
whoi 1 and a])pears to be a largo variety ol M. bellicincta
Hall."

Jt would thus appear that M. major, Hall, and M. tereti-
formis, Billings, are most probably synonymous, the former
having been based upon veiy imperfect casts of the interior
or the shell, and the latter upon more perfect and at least
partially testiferous specimens. The name teretiformis is
here used in a varietal sense, on tho ground that it was the
flrst prefixed to a sufliciently accurate diagnosis of the
characters of the shell.

BucANiA (Tremanotus?) Buellii.

Bucania Buelli, Whitfiekl. 1878. Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Wiscons. for

1877, p. 76.
Bucania {Tremauotus'!) BueUi, Whitfield. 1882. Geol. Wiscons., vol.

iv,p. 224, pi. vi, figs. 12-14.

Lower Fort Garry, Dr. E. Bell, 1880, one specimen, and
Commissioners, formerly called Cranberry Island, D. B.
Bowling, one specimen, both of which are badly preserved
casts of the interior of the shell.

Bucania sulcatina.

Bellerophon sulcatinus, Emmons. 1842. Geol. Rep., 2nd Distr. N.

York, p. 312, fig. 4.
Bucania .nJcatina, Hall. 1847. Pal. St. N. York, vol. i, p. 32, pi. vl,

figs. 10, 10 a.
Bellerophon sulcatinus, Billings. 1863. Geol. Canada, p. 146, fig. 96.

A single spocimen of this species was found loose, on

Trenton Gasteropoda of Manitoba.

323

Keindeov Island, by Mr. Dowling, in 1890, but no Hpecimens
have yet been collected, in place, in the Ti-enton limestone
of Manitoba.

BUCANIA BID0R3ATA.

Bucania bidorsata,UM. 1847. Pal. St. N. York, vol. i. p. 186, pi. xl,
figs. '-' a-g.
Birch Island, Kinwovv Bay, Lake Winnipeg, Messrs.
Bowling & Lambe, 1890 : one spociraen.

CyRTOLlTES 0OMPRE8SU8.
PhragmolUcs f<>mi»r««w.s, Conrad. 1838. Ann. Rep. N. York St., p. 119.
Cyrlolites compressu^; Hall. 1847. Pal. St. N. York, vol. i, p. 188, pi. xl,

figs. 2 a-f.

Lower Fort Garry, Dr. R. Bell, 1880: one small but well
preserved and very characteristic specimen. East Selkirk,
A. MacCliarles, 1884 : a large cast of the interior of the
HhcU.

EUNEMA STRIUILLATUM.

Eunema i^lngillata, Salter. 1859. Geol. Surv. Can., Can. Org. Rem.,

Dec 1, p. 29, pi. vi, fig. 4.
.< '. Billings. 18()3. Geol. Canada, p. 145, fig. 88.

Lower Fort Garry, T. C. Weston, 188-t : one nearly per-
fect and well preserved specimen.

IIelicotoma planulata.

Helicotoma planulata, Salter. 1859. Geol. Surv. Can.. Can. Org. Rem.,

Decl.p. 14, pi. ii, figs. 6-7.

East Selkirk, A.. MacCharles, 1884: one good specimen,
with the test preserved.

Trochonbma umbilicatum.

Pleurotomariaumbilicata,nB.\l 1847. Pal. St. N.York, vol. i, pp. 43

and 175, pis. x, figs. 9 a-b, & xxxviu,
figs. 1 a-g.

rrochonema umWicatum, Salter. 1859. Geol. Surv. Can., Can. Org.

Rem.. Dec. 1, p. 27, pi. vi, fig. 3.
<i « Billings. 1863. Geol. Canada, p. 145, fig. 92.

324

Canadian Record of Science.

The Dog's Head, Lake Winnipeg, T. C. Weston, 1884 t
one specimen. Snake Island (one specimen) and Borens
Island (one specimen), Lake AVinnipeg, Messrs, Lowling
and Larabe, 1890. Commissioners Island (one specimen)
and Eeindeer Island (one specimen, loose), Lake Winnipeg,
D. B. Bowling, 1890.

Maclurea Manitobensis

Maclurea Manitobensis, Whiteaves. 1890. Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada

vol. VII, Sect. 4, p. 75, pis. xii, &. xiii, figs.
1 and 2.

Mttclnrra Manitohnmi'ii.— Inner side of an operculum, supposed to bo that of a
large specitneu of this spooioji, from Jack Fish IslunJ, Lake V.'innipeg. Natural
■iia.

tf«>i!,:*li«i«».«>>»-J«53

Trenton Gasteropoda of Manitoba.

326

All the localitieH at which this species had been found,
up to the close of 188!>, are enumerated in the paper
in which it was described. Since then it has been
collected by Messrs. Dowling and Lambe in 1890 at
Berens Island, at Sturgeon, Snake and Black Bear
islands. Lake Winnipeg; by Mr. Lambe in 1890 at the
Dog's Head ; and by Mr. Dowling in 1891 at (Commis-
sioners, Little Tamarack and Punk Islands, also at Grind-
stone Point, Lake Winnipeg. It is one of the most abun-
dant and characteristic fossils ot the Trenton limestone of
Manitoba, and according to Messrs. Weston, Tyrrell, Dow.
ling and Lambe, it always occurs tvith the flat side upper-
most in the rock.

In 1890 Mr. Lambe collected an operculum, which is pro-
bably that of a large specimen of this species at Jack
Pish Island, Lake Winnipeg. This operculum, which is
represented in outline in the wood cut on page 324, is a
little more than four inches in height or depth, and not
quite three inches in its maximum breadth. Its outer sur-
face is completely buried in the matrix, the inner surface
only being exposed. In the woodcut, the side indicated by
the letter A clearly corresponds to the outer side of the
shell, and the concave side opposite, — B, — to the inner or
columellar side. The side marked C corresponds to the
flattened spiral side of the shell, and that marked D to the
inner wall of the umbilicus. The margins of the sides C
and B, whose junction forms the " nuclear angle," ai'e
thickened, hut the edges of the other two sides are very
thin. This thickening of the sides (' and B is immedi-
ately followed by a shallow depression in the nuclear
region, but the inner side of the operculum is otherwise
nearly flat. The surface markings of this side consist of
numerous concentric raised lines of growth, but there are
no clear indications of ary "internal projections for the
attachment of muscles." Although the opercula of M.
fjogani, Salter, and M. crenutata, Billings, are known to be
provided with well developed muscular processes on the
inner side, this is by no means always the case in other

320

Canadian Record of Science.

spet-ies of the genus. On page 238 of the tivHt volume of
the " Palfeozoic Fossils " of Canada, R. liillings distinctly
states that there are no muscular processes on the inner side
of the operculum ofhisiM.oceana, and on page 243 of the same
volume he figures opercula of two other species of Madurea,
from Cape Norman, Newfoundland, in which there are no
muscular processes on that side. In the Museum of the
Geological Survey at Ottawa, there are two opercula from
the Calcifcrous of the Mingan Islands, whi<-h were referred
by E. Billings, with some doubt, to the M. matutina of
Hall. There are no processes on the inner side of these
opercula.

LOXONEMA \VlNNIPE()ENS!i. (Sp. nOV.)

Shell large, attaining to a length of upwards of five
inches, terebriform, elongated and nearly thi-ee times as
long as broad: spire, as measured on the doi-sal side,
occupying not quite two-thirds the entire length : apical
angle 27". Volutions ten, allowing for the a])lcal one,
which is broken off in mU the specimens collected, increasing
slowly in size and obliquely compressed, the latei- ones
slightly constricted above and moderately inflated below,
those of the spire much broader than high : suture dis-
tinctly compressed : outer or last volution a little higher
than broad, moderately convex buf scarcely ventricose in
the middle and narrowing abruptly into the somewhat
pointed base.

Surface of the spire nearly smooth, that of the last volu-
tion marked only with a few flexuous lines of growth,
which curve gently and (^oncavdy backward above, and
still more gently forward below.

Four fine large specimens of this species, each with
nearly the whole of the test preserved, have been collected
at as many different localities on or in Lake Winnipeg.
Two of these specimens were collected by Mr. Weston iii
1884, one at Stony Point and one at Jack Fish Bay; one by
Mr. Tyrrell in 1889 at Berens Island; and one by
Mr. Dowling in 1891 at the " Dog's Head."

Trenton Gasteropoda of Manitoba.

Z21

/.■>.•:■„■ mi W..,,n,„,„n...~l>nrm\ view of ii s|.oeiiu«Mi In.m Stony Point. Laku
Winnipeg, iu outline only, and of thu natural size.

328

Canadian Record of Science.

Nine volutions are preserved in the most perfect of these
specimens, the slender apex of each being broken oif. In
the perfect shell there must have been at least ten and prob-
ably as many as eleven volutions. The species is of
considerable interest on account of its strikingly close
similarity to some of the most typical .Tunissic species of
Pseudomelania.

KUSISITRA VENTRICOSA.

Fimsjnra rentricosn, Hall. 1871. Twenty-fourth Rep. N. Y. St. Mus.

Nat. Hist., p. 22;-), pi. viii.fig.O.
«« " Whitfield. 1882. Geol Wiscons., vol. iv, p. 245,

pl.ix, fig, 2.

Miller. 1889, N. Am. Geol. and Pahi-ont., p. 405
fig. 676.
Abundant at many of the linieslone exposures on the
western shore of Lake Winnipeg and on the islands in that
lake. It has been collected by Mr. Woslon in 1884 at
Lower Fort Garry; at Bull's Head, the hog's Head, Big
(Jrindstone Point, Big and Hlk Islands : by Mr. Tyrrell in
188!>, at Kerens Island ; by Messi's. Dowling and Lambe in
189(1, at Berens, Snake and Black Bear Islands: by Mr.
Dowling in 1890 at Commissioners and Punk Islands; and
by Mr. Lambe in the same year at the J)i)g's Head.

Ottawa, March 22nd, 1893.

I