IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 I.I 1.25 «fKii 12.2 I a^ 12.0 14 11.6 ^ ^\^ V - ^ ^ > y 7 ^ / ^^ -<; c/i rtiotogrdphic Sciences Corporation 4^^ •*>. ■^.^ 33 WIST MAIN STHIT WIMTM.N.V MSIO (;i*) 173-4903 ^^^ ^ , Soe also an artlrlo on tlil^ Huhjont by Ibo writer, In tb»< •'Aniorlcan Journal of 8arts. These necessiiry clinnges weie made liy tlic writer, arte r a lareftil stuiiy of tlie parts preserveil, In comijarisou with the photograiihs and original measurementM. ♦Aeknowledgmeiits are also due to ;\Ir. Alexander Murri i'. I't'ovbicial Geologist, ■who cooperated willi Mr. Harvey in the examination and preservation of tlic:-e speci- mens, and wlio has also wnllt'ii some of the aecounts of lliem that have t)een published. See tlie Amkuic.vv NArruAl.lsT. vol. viii. p. Ill, Ki'liruary. 1M71; '-Ameriean Journal of Scicnee," vol. vii. p. 10(1; and " Nature," vol. ix, p. Mi. February 2i>. 1M71. "Mr, W. Savillo Kent, fiom the descriplicms and photographs of this s))e('ies. has seen lit to give it new generi(^ and specidc, names, viz. : Afcr/dloteuthiii Ifiirreyi, aecorri- ing to notiees of his communieiition made to the Zoologieiil Society of London, Man^h ;!, 1874, in "Nature" (vol. Ix, p. ;i7."i, .'\Iarch \i. ami p. 40:i, March !!•). I»ut as no sum- cient reason was given for doing so, in the notices referred to, and as his original com- nuini(!ation appears not to have been imbllshed yet (at least it lias not been received here) I aui unable to Juilge what his actual reasons for this proceeding may bo. My ideiitillcation is liased on a comparison of the jaws with the jaws of A.mona- rhust, w- 11 llgiired and described by Steenstrnp. Tlieir agreement is very close In iionrly all respects, but the beak of tin- lower jaw is a lillle more divergent in Ste-iu- trup's (Iguro. His specimen was a little larger than the one liere described and was laken from a specimen cast ashore in IKVi. So that Jtr. Kent was prolmbly unaware of that speeimen when he said ('• Nature," Ix, ii. lU.i) that -■(. iiioinichiiH -was instituted for the reception of two gigantic Cephalopods, cast on tlio tihores of .Jutland in tlio ycurs Uki!i and 17!K), and of which popular record alone romains." Hia Btatoment Ihnt Architmlhiii dux Stoenstrup is known fi-om tho benk alone la COLOSSAL CEPHALOPODS. 25 to be the ArcJdteiitJus monachus of Steenstnip, is well shown by- fig. 1. From tb.e great size of the large suckers on Hie long arms, I judge it to be a male. The body was relatively stout, and ac- cording to the statement of Mr. Harvey, it was, when fresh, about seven feet long and five and one-half feet in circumference. The portion of the body shown in the photogiaph appears to have been Fig. 2. only about five and one-half feet lona:, and is badly mu Elated anteriorly, so that it is i)ossible iluit Mr. Harvey has allowed too much for the missing parts. In restoring the figure here presented, the length of the !)ody was reckoned at seven feet, and reduced twenty-two times. The "tail" or caudal fin (lig. 2) is said by Mr. Harvey to have been twenty-two inches across, but the pre- served specimen is considerably small- er, owing, undoubtedly, to shrinkage in the brine and alcohol. Jt is reuiark- able for its peculiar spear-shaped or broad sagittate form. Tiie posterior termination is unusually acute and the lateral lobes oxteiifl forward consider- ably beyond their insertion. In the preserved specimen the total length, from the anterior end of the laterlil lobes to the ti a twenty-three inches ; from tiie lateral insertions to tht n inches; from the dorsal insertion thirteen and flve-tenths ..... j; total l)readth about fifteen inches ; width of lateral lobes six- inches. The body, as seen in the photograph, is badly collapsed and It must be a .natter of great difHculty to obtain the true diameter of the body in any of these large squids, owing to the Tail of \o. f, nn St, te tl Mt tlu. M.ckei'H, pans of the nnns, a.ul the intonw.l slu-U or pen w.M-e pre r.;'; .; o" ' "'"" ""■" "'""•"' "•^' '''••"•• «'-'-'••«'•.; n-mU., U.. aiso given a'%. « ool the „w,.r jaw. Stcen>trup n.ontiouH l.avInK tl>e Mnn-hooks (TunUv^bningen), Whl.'l. w.)ul,l uuWiiW n Kcnus distinct IVoni our spcdes. Sl,o„l,l the ArchiUufln.^ ,tux prove to l.eh.nK l<> a genus .listinrt n-on, thi. and all known K.;nera, It nnght perhaps be taken a.s (he type ol' .lrc>,i„ufhis, and in that , a e thegenene nan.e given by Kent eonl.l be retained, an.l the two ., oneH here . le er C 26 COLOSSAL CEPHALOPODS. Fig. 3. fact that the}' collapse greatly .when taken from the water. The circumference of the body given above may, therefore, be con- siderably too small. In that case the figure represents the body more slender than it should be. The head was probably at least equal to one-fifth the length of the oody. The eight shorter a .18, when fresh, were, according to Mr. Harvey's measure- ments, six feet long and all of ecjual length, but those of the different pairs were respectively ten, nine, eight and seven in(,'hes in circuniti^rence. In alcohol they have shrunk considerably, both in length and diameter. They are three-cornered or triquetral in form and taper very gradually to slender acute tips. Their inner faces are occupied by two alternating rows of large obliquely campanulate suckers, with contracted apertures surrounded by broad, oblique, marginal rings, armed with strong, acute teeth around their entire circumference, but largest a;, most oblique on the outside (fig. 3). These suckers gradually di- minish in size to the tips of the arms, where they become very small, but are all similar in form and structure. The largest of these suckers are said by Mr. Ilarvey to have been about an inch in dianieter, wlien fresh. The largest of my possession are 'Go of an inch in diameter, at the serrated edge, and -T') beneath. The rings of the smaller suckers are more oblique and more contracted at the aperture, with the teeth more inclined inward, tliose on the outside margin being largest. The two long tentacular arms are remarkable for their slenderness and great length when com- pared with the length of the body. Mr. Ilarvey states that they were each 24 feet lony and 2-75 inches in circumference wlien fresh. In the brine and alcohol thc}' have shrunk greatly, and now measure only 13*5 feet in length, while tlie circumference of the slender portion varies from 2-25 to 3-25 inches. These arms were evidently highly contractile, like those of many small spe- cies, and consequently the length and diameter would vary greatly according to the state of contraction or relaxation. The length given (24 feet; probably represents tho extreme length in an ex- tended or llaccid condition, ; ich as usu .dy occurs in these animals soon after death. The slender portion is three-cornered or triquc- King of sucker IVom short iirms of No. 5. their marginal rings in COLOSSAL CErHALOPODS. 27 tral in form, with the outer angle round, the sides slightly con- cave, the marginnl angles piominent, and the inner face a little convex and gont/ally smooth, except toward the end, where it begins .to enlarge. Althouj,-h so slender, these arras are very strong and elastic. The terminal portiosi, bearing the suckers, fs 30 inches in length and expands gradually to the middle, where it is 4-5 to 5 inches in ciicumference ((5 inches when fresh), and 1-5 to 1-6 across the inner fnce. The sucker-bearing portion may be divided iiito three parts. The first region occupies about 7 inches, in which the arm is triquetral, with margined lateral aiigles, and gradually increases up to the maximum size, the inner face beino- convex and bearing aoout forty hregularly scattered, small, fla^ tened, saucer-shaped suckers, attached by very short pedicels, and so placed in de[)ressions as to rise but little above the genera' sur- face. These suckers have narrow marginal rings, with the thin edges nearly smooth, or niinntc'v denticulate, and -10 to -12 of an i.K'h in diameter, surrounded by a thick and promineivt marginal membrane. These suckers are at first distantly scattered, but be- come more crowded as the arm increases in breadth, until they form five or six very irregula'r rows, covering the whole width of the inner face, which becomes here 1-6 inches broad. Scattered amono- these suckers arc about as many low, broad, conical, smooth, caU lous verrucie, or wait-like prominences, risin-i' ab(»ve tlie "•enr'ral surfiice, their central elevation corresponding in form and size to the apertures of the adjacent suckers. These, without doubt, are intended to furnish secure points of adhesion for tiie correspond- ing suckers of the o[-i)osite arm, so that, as in some other genera these two arms can be fastened together at this wrist-like portion, and thus they can be used unitedly. By this means they must be- come far moi-o ettlcient organs for capturing their prey than if used Gcparately. Between these smooth suckers and the rows of larwo ones there is a cluster of about a dozen small suckers, with ser- rate niia-gins, mostly less than a quarter of an inch in diameter, attached by slender pedicels, and with an oblique marginal rinu- strongly and sharply sorrate on the outer margin. The second division of the sucker-bearing part of the arm suc- ceeds the snuiU suckers. Here the arm is well rounded on the bacl^and fiattened on the face, where it bears two alternating rows of very large serrate suckers, and an outer row of small ones on .3ach side, alternating with the large ones. The inner edge is bor- 28 COLOSSAL CEPHALOPODS. Fig. 4. ^W^^'^^Ii-^- Siu'kora IVnin long nrtnn of No. fl. Niitiiriil dizu. dered by a rather broad, regularly scalloped, marginal membrane, the scallops corresponding to the large suckers. On the other edge thero is a narrower and thinner membrane, which runs all the way to the tip of the arm, just outside the suckers. Iq one of the rows of large suckers there are eleven, and in tlie other ten, above half an inch in diameter, but each row has at either ^nd one or two smaller ones, from a half an inch to a quarter of an inch in diameter, so that either twelve or tiiirteon might be counted as be- longing to tlie rows of large suck- ers. The largest of these (fig. 4, a) are from 1 to IMa inches in di- ameter at the margin. These are attached by strong, though slender, pedicels, so that their margins are elevated ai»(jut an Inch above the sinface of the arm. Each one is situated in the centre of a pentag- onal depressed area, about nn inch across, bounded by ridges, wliicli alternate regularly, and interlock on the two sides, so as to form a zigziig line along the middle of the arm. These large suckers are campanulate, and somewhat obli(iue ; the marginal ring is strong, and sharply serrate aU around. The small marginal suckers 'Mg. 4, fi) are similar in structure, but nnnv obliral meni- bruuo or fold of skin, of iho i>rocuding divisions, recedes farther COLOSSAL CEPHALOPODS. 29 from the margin near the commencement of this division, and gradually passes around to the back side, where it forms a broad, thick wing or keel, extending to the tip. Tiie color, where pre- served, is pale reddish, with thickly scattered small spots of brownish red. The form of the jaws of this specimen is well shown by figs. 5 and 6. When in place, these jaws constitute a powerful beak, lookirg something like that of a parrot or hawk, except that the Upper Jaw of Archltouthls monncliu», No. B. NnfurnI «l«o. Upper Jaw shuts into the lower, instead of the reverse, us in birds. In life tiie great npnces behind and between (lie large, (liin, lateral and posterior pro'esses and expansions are filled with llrm muscles ntid cartilage, which support and give great strength to the beak. The color is dark brown, becoming almost black toward the tip, where its substauco is thicker and llrmer, and smoothly polished externally. The up|)er Jaw (lig. T)) nu'asures W-Hft inches in total length ; 1 inch In greatest breadth ; and 2-50 from front to back. I 80 COLOSSAL CEPHALOPODS. The lower jaw (fig. G) is 3 inches long ; 2-75 broad ; and 2-65 from front to back. Fiji. fi. Fig. 7. Flff. H. ■ Lower Jaw of AiThitciitliis monachuH, No. 5. Niiturol size. The small squids of our const have a very similar pair of jaws. Those of Loli'jo pallnJa (fiifs. 7, H) are here figured, twice the natural size, for coinijarison and to explain the terms used in descrilv- ing tiie large jawH. The lower jaws of the large squids are more char- acteristic than the upper oneb. In the one under coiisidoration the points to bo partii'Mhirly noticed •luwH of T,oiiffo pnHi.ia." ,„.(,^ „,.„^^ ^j^, „j„.,,ovv, i,„"t decided notch at the base of the nearly stniight cutting edge ; second, the broad, low, rounded projection or tooth on the anterior edge of the ahi? ; third, the angle between the edges ol' the ahe and tiio rostnun is nearly a right angle, and the tip of the jaw is slightly Incurved. "Klgurci 7. niipiTjiiw. nnil H. lowiir Jiiw or l.oHi/o imUUUt V., r^itiUKPil tun dinnicK'M; «, I lie roKtnnn or IkmiU; nb. Uip ciiiilii^r piIj^c, wi'li a imtili iit'i) li\ tlif aiiit'rloroil»tc ol till' iiln< or wIiikk; iiii in tin- ii|iiiit jiiw, or rliin-porlion (mmtum) in Uiuloworjiiw; e, tiiQ pnlatliin lamlitii In (liu npiior Juw, or KUlar luiniiiu in tlie luwor Juw. COLOSSAL CEPHALOPODS. 81 I I The most remarkable anatomical character observed in this spec- imen is found in tiie form and arrangement of the teeth on the " lingual ribbon," or odontojihore, for in this respect it differs widely from all other known Cei)halopods. The ordinary squids and cuttle-fishes all have these teeth arranged in seven regular longitudinal rows ; those of the three middle rows being generally two or three-pronged, as in Loligo Fig. 9. Teeth of Loll^o pnlllda, much enlarged. pallida (fig. 9), while the lateral rows have long, simple, fang-like teeth. But in this spocies (lig. 10), the teeth are very irregularly scattered over the surface of the broad thin membrane, and it is dilllcult to trace the rows, if such the}' can be called, for the arrangement seems to be somewhat in irregular quincunx. The number of rows, however, cannot be less than twenty. These Fig. 10. Lingual tcetli or ArchltonllilH nionaclnia, No. 0. teeth are a" aimple, but vary considoralily in size and form. '1 Jicy are all attached by a move or Ichh roundccl, llatlcned buse, and all are considerably curved ; Home are broad and tapering; others arc slender and acute ; but the different f(>rmH and sizes are irregu- hirly intermingled across the whole Itreadth of the i lembrane.'' ' lircgiiliir giiiniilcH ul' hUIi'ii aie sraltcrcil in grciit niimlii'it "rr tlu< nicnilnnno utuuiig lliu ti'clh, auil ttinillai'giaini) aro I'HibtidiU'd ill Uiu nK'nibniiiu lining tliu iii'iiith ■ I ■ 32 COLOSSAL CEPHALOPODS. III!) This poculiar type of dentition mnst be regarded as an extremely generalized one. Whether it be also an embryonic type, or one that prevailed in ancient geological periods must be left for future determination. The character of these teeth indicates that this genus should hold low rank among the related genera. This con- clusiun is confirmed both by the structure of the caudal-fin, or tail, which somewhat resembles the early condition of the fins in the young Loliyo, soon after it hatches, and by the form and struct- ure of the internal shell or "pen," wiiicli is also very simple in structure, and but little differentiated or specialized. The portions of the pen in my possession belong mostly to the two ends, with fragments from the middle region, so that although neither the actual length nor the greatest breadtli can be given, we can Y^t judge very well what its general form and cliaracter must have been. It was a brojul and extremely thin structure, of a yel- lowish brown color, and translucent. Its anterior portion resem- bles that of LdJi'jo, but its posterior termination is entirely different, for instead of having a regular lanceolate form, tapering to a point at the posterior end, as in Loligo, it expands and thins out toward the posterior end, which is very broailly rounded or irregularly truncate, fading (.ut insensibly both at the edges ai.d end into soft membrane. The anterior end, for about an inch and a half, was rapidly narrowed to a pen-like point, as in Lolujo; from this portion backward the width gradually increases from 1-2 iuches fo T) inches, at a point 25 inches from the end, where our specimen is broken off; at this place the marginal strips are wanting, but the width is 5 inches between the lateral midribs, which were, perhaps, half an inch from the margin. Along the centre of the shell, there is a strong, raised, rounded midrib, which fades out a short distance from the posterior end, but ia very conspicuous in the middle and anterior sections. On each side of the niidril) is a lateral rib of smaller size. These at first diverue rapidly from the central one, and then run along nearly parallel witii the outer margin and about ••! of an inch from it, but beyond 11 inches from the point the nuirgins are torn off. Like the nndrib the lateral ribs gradually fade out before reaching the postevior end ; near the place where they finally disai.pear, they are about (! inches sipart. From the above description it will be seen that the most impor- tant and uioat characteristic features of this species, or rather of I COLOSSAL CEPHALOPODS. 83 the geiius to which it belongs, are to be found in the Ungual den- tition, in tlie internal shell, in the form of the candal-jim, and in tlie chister of small suckers and tubercles on the long arms. As already stated, the first three of these peculiarities indicate a low, or generalized structure, and therefore a low rank in our system of classification, unless it should bo found to have some other char- acters not yet known and of greater importance, which might out- weigh those here given. It will appear, tlierefore, that this genus of huge squids should be classed below Lolign, wliich, in its turn, would go belov,- Ommastrephes, to which genus the common small sipiids of our northe. ii coasts belong, for the latter genus has dis- tinct eyelids, which, are not found in Loligo, and the internal shell i.^ also more specialized. The pen of our Architeuthis seems to resemble that of the ancient genus I'endopsin, found fossil in the Jurassic formations, and contemporaneous with the huge marine sainians, Mhyomarus, J*let ol' this |ili<>tngni|ili lit )■U(luc^)^l luur iiiul ii iiimili'i' U.iiui*^ w Ink' Ui« rroiit piii'l JH I'uiiui'uil abuiit luur timuN, COLOSSAL CEPHALOPODS. 85 after doatl^i" but this may possibly be a sexual character. The fishwrmeu estimated the body of this individual to have been about 60 feet in length and o feet in diameter, but if the above proportions be correct, as 1 believe, then the body could not have been more than about 10 feet long, and 2-5 feet in diameter, and the long arms should have been about 32 feet in length. Allowing 2 feet for the head, the total length would, therefore, be 44 feet. Another specimen (No. 3), probalily of the same species, and similar in size to the last, was captured at Coombs' Cove, New- foundland. The following account has been extracted from a newspaper article of which T do not know the precise date, for- warded to me by Professor Baird, together with a letter, dated June 15, 1873, from T. R. Bennett, Esq., of English Harbor, N. F., who statos that he wrote the article, and that the measurements were made by him, and are perfectly reliable. "Three days ago, there was quite a large squid ran almost ashore at Coombs' Cove, and some of the inhabitants secured it. The body measured 10 feet in length and was nearly as large round a«i a iiogshead. One arm was about the size of a man's wrist, and measured 42 feet in length; the otiier arms were only 6 feet in length, but about 9 inches in diameter, very stout and strong. Tiie skin and Jlesh were 2 -20 indies thick, and reddish in- side as well as out. Th(! suction cups were all clustered toi'etlier, near the extremity of the long arm, and each cup was surrounded by a serrated edge, almost like the teetli of a iuiip'-saw. I pre- RUine it made use of this arm for a cable, and the cups for anchors, when it wanted to come to, as well as to secure its prey, for tiiis individual, liuding a heavy sea was driving it ashore," tail first, seized hold of a rock and moored itself quite safely until the men pulled it on shore." It would appear from this description, that one of the long arms had l)een lost before the capture. The large diauieter of the short arms, compared with their length, and with the size of the lou"- arms, is the only point in which this specimen apparently tlitfcred essentially from those described above. Possibly the circnvi- fcrencp was intciKhMJ," which would nud<(> tlie proportions agree well with those of the other specimens. ]n a letter from Mr. Harvey, dated Dec. 10, 1873, ho says that '"Tlio iiliiituKi'iiiih hIioww timt tl>o mickiTM tiud boi'u imicli iiijui'uiit'« rt'iimiiu'il. "A Hiiniliii' inihtiikiMii'liuilly oci'iinuil in tliodcscriptldn (irilii; lon^ inins.in tliu letter from Mr. Murniy, iiul)lif*1i('(l in the Amkiucan NATHUAi.iMr lor Fcbrimry, 187a, p. Ii2, rul'orrt'd tu itbuvv, bill in thitl inNliuicu lliu urior wa» very obvious. S6 COLOSSAL CEPIIALOPODS. tho speaker of the House of Assembly stated to him that he had measured a specimen cast asliore in Fortune Bay, which was be- tween 42 and 43 feet in length, the body and head together being between 12 and 13 feet, and the two long arms each 30 feet. This we may designate as No. 6. Dr. Honeyman, Geologist of Nova Scotia, has published in a Halifax paper, a statement made to him by a gentleman who claims to liaAC been present at the capture of anotiier specimen (T.Io. 7) in the Straits of Belle Isle, at West St. Modent, on the Labrador side. "It was lying peacefully in the water when it was provoked by the push of an oar. It looked fierce and ejected nuicli water from its funnel ; it did not seem to consider it neces- sary to ilischarge its sepia, as moUusca of this kind generally do, in order to cover their escape." « * * « "The length of its longest arm was 37 feet; the length of the body 15 feet; whole length 52 feet. The bill was very large. The suckers of its arms or feet, by which it lays hold, al)out 2 inches in diameter. The monster was cut up, salted, and barrelled for dog's meat." In this account the length given for the "body" evidently includes the head also. This creature was probably disabled, and perhaps nearly dead, when discovered at the surface, and this seems to have been the case with most, if not all, of the specimens hitherto seen living. Animals of this sort probably never float or lie quietly at the surface when in good health. The specimen last described (No. 7) may, possibly, have belonged to -4. i«'<«ccps, if the U'ugtli of tiie body bo correctly stated. IMr. Harvey also refers to a statement made to him by a clergy- nuMi, Kev. M. (iabriel, that two si)ecimens (Nos. 8 and 9), meas- uring respectively 40 and 45 feet in total length, were cast ashore at Lamalino, on the southern coast of Newfoundland, in the win- ter of 1.S70-71. These may also have been of the same si)ecie8 as those described above, all of which I now refer to Architeuthis moitacliKs of Steenstrup. \()i>;._siiu'i' tlu> above liiis lici'ii in tyiio, Mr. IxciitV piiper, rclViTed to on iia)tP'i4 lius lu'iMi n'l'i'ivt'il liy llu' i'ililoi'8 of the •• Anieiieiin ■louniiil ol' Science," anil will bo iigain noticed in our next article. [To be continued.] THE COLOSSAL CEPHALOPODS OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC. 11. BT PROF. A. E. VERUILL. After the first part of this article was printed, I received an interesting letter from the Rev. Mr. Harvey, who, in accordance with my request, has made a new examination of the large arm of (78) ■ 79 COLOSSAL CEPHALOPODS. ii " No 2," prfiserved in the Museum at St. John's, N. F. He sta^os, in this letter, that all the suckers were originally denticulated around the margin, as suggested by me in the last number of the NATURALIST, and that this fact was previously overlooked on ac- count of the mutilation it had undergone. He has also furnished to me a full series of measurements of its various parts. It has contracted excessively in the alcohol, and is now only thirteen feet and one inch in length (instead of nineteen feet, its original length), the enlarged sucker-bearing portion being two feet and three inches , the large suckers occupy twelve inches ; ilie terminal I)art beaiing small suckers, nine inches ; circumference of slender portion l<-5 to 4-25 inches ; of largest part 6 inches ; breadth of face, among large suckers, 2o inches; from face to back, 1-62 incl'i's ; diameter of largest suckers outside, -75 of an inch : inside, •63 of an inch. It will be evident from these measurements, when compared with those made while fresh and from the photograph, that the shrinkage has been chiefly in length, the thickness re- maining about the same, but the suckers are considerably smaller than the dir "nsions previously given. Mr. Harvey also mentions that a specimen was cast ashore at Bonavista Bay, December, 1872, and his informant says that the long arms measured thirty-two feet in length, and the "short arms about ten feet in length, and were " thicker than a man's thigh." The body was not measured, but he thinks it was about fourteen feet long, and very stout, and that the largest suckers were 2-;) inches in diameter. The size of tiie suckers is probably exagger- ated, and most likely the length of the body also. It is even pos- sible that this was the same specimen from which the beak and suckers described in my last article, as No. 4, from Bonavista Bay, were derived, for the date of ca[)ture of that specimen is unkyown to me.- Tiie latter, however, was nuich smaller than the above measurements of the former would admit, and it will, therefore, be desirable to give this one a special number (11). Another specimen,, which we may designate as No. 12, was cast ashore this winter, near Harbor G.ace, but was destroyed before its value became known, and no measurements are given-. Architeulhis princepa Verrill, sp. nov., figures 25, 26, 27. This species is based on the lower jaw mentioned as No 1 in my former papers, and on the upper and lower jaws designated as No. 10, in the arst pai-t of this article j besides these jaws we only have the COLOSSAL CEPHaLOPOPS. 80 rough measurements of the body of No. 4, and an estimate of tlie diameter of the sessile arms. The jaws of No. 10 were obtained from the stomach of a sperm whale taken in the N. Atlantic, and were presented to the Essex Institute by Capt. N. E. Atwood, of Provincetown, Mass., but the date and precise locality of the cap- Fig. 26. Upper jaw of Aichlteutlils pvlnceps Vcrrill. No. 10. Natural size. ture are unknown. The form of these jaws is well shown in figures 25 and 26. The total length of the upper jaw (fig. 25) is 0 inches; greatest breadth, 1-45; front to back 3*5 inches; width of palatine lamina, 2-32. The frontal portion is consider- ably broken, but the dorsal portion appears to extend nearly to the ■ 81 COLOSSAL CEPHALOPODS. posterior end, the length from tlie point of the beak to the poste- rior edge being 3'4 inches. The texture is firmer and the lamina are relatively thiclier than in A. monachua. Tlio rostrum and most of the frontal regions arc black and polished, gradually be- coming orange-brown and translucent toward the posterior border, and marked with faint striae radiating from the tip of the beak, and Fig. 20. tm Lowerjawof Archlteuthlaprinccps. No. 10. Nnturnl size. The dotted line ehows tlie poi'tio>is tlmt are preijent on tlie buck side. by faint ridges or lines of .crowtti parallel with the posterior mar- gin ; a slight but sharp ridge oacnls backw rd from the notch at the base of the cutting e.lgo, nnd o-.lier koS marked ones from the anterior border of the aire. The tip of the beak is quite strongly curved forward, and acute, with a slight shallow groove, commenc- ing just below the tip, on each side, and extending backward only a short distance and gradually fading out. The cutting edge is nearly smooth and well curved, the curvature being greatest to- ward the tip ; at its base there is a broad angular notch, deepest COLOSSAL CEPHALOPODS. 82 externally. The inner face of the rostrum is convex in the middle and concave or excavated toward the margins, which are, there- fore, rather sharp. The anterior borders of the alae are convex, or rise into a brotid, but low, lobe or tooth beyond the notch, but beyond this they are nearly straigiit, but with sligiit, irregular lobes, which do not correspond on the two sides. The anterior edges of the aloe make nearly a rifrht angle with the cutting edges of the rostrum. The palatine lamina is broad, thin, an'd dark brown, becoming reddish brown and translucent posteriorly, with a thin, whitish border. The surface is marked with unequal diver- gent striaj and ridges, some of which, especially near the dorsal part, are quite prominent and irregular ; the posterior border has a broad emargination in the middle, but the two sides do not ex- actly correspond. The lower jaw (fig. 2(5) was badly broken, and many of the pieces, especially of the alae, are lost, but n\l that re- main have been fitted together. The extreme length is .'! b.J inches ; the total breadth, and the distance from front to back, cannot be ar,certained, owing to the absence of the more prominent parts of the ala3 ; from tip of beak to posterior dorsal border of mentum, 1-68; from tip of beak to posterior lateral border of alaj, 2-20; from tip of beak to posterior dorsal border of gular lamina, 2-37 • from tip of beak to bottom of notch at its base, -80 ; tip of beak to inner angle of gular lamina, 1-85 ; height of tooth from bottom of notch, -25 ; breadth between teeth of opposite sides, -60 ; from front to back of gular lamm!., in midiiturv. OKninlliiin. Aid, Iv. Hind," mid llii'io iiio ifltoibiiccH lo tliloo oUipr nliilUN IlinHiiiiUnii A. lifiiii, I'lr. " •lU'-Tilptlon ili>.|in'li)iu«s D'HK-nicntH il" doiix (.M|ihiiIo|m(|p(« jfl>riMili'Hi)nci«, rnlilU'- ptti- V Acuduuilu Uuiuk' lUm Solcucoii k Ainsluiamn. iw.o. 4!.i, wIlli ilirei> jjIuU'*. 85 COLOSSAL CEPHALOPODS. regret that I have been unable to see the figures and description of it, referred to by Harting as forming part of Prof. Steenstrup's memoir, then unpiiblislied. But to judge by the outline figure given by Harting, it is a species quite distinct from those described above. Tlie lower jaw resembles that of A. monachus more than A. imrwjia, and is a little larger than that of our No. 5 (see tig. G). Tlio beak is more rounded dorsally, less acute, and scarcely incurved, tlie notch is narrow, and the alar tooth is not prominent. Harting, in tlie important memoir referred to, describes speci- mens of two species, botli of which are evidently quite distinct from all those enumerated above. The first of tliese (Plate I) is represented by the jaws and buccal mass, with the lingual dentition, and some detached suck- ers, preserved in tlie musetnii of the University of Utrecht, but from an unknown locality. These parts are well figured and described, and were referred to Architenthis dnx by Harting. But the character of the dentition (lig. 28) is so totally different from Fiff. 28. Teeth of Loligo Ilaitingil Veriill. Riiliirged. what I have found in .1. monachus that it will be necessary to refer tliis species to a didcrent genus, if not to a distinct family. Tlie form of tlie lower jaw is (piile unlike that of A. dux, for the beak is very ncute, the cutting edge Is concave, the notch shallow and broad, and the alar tooth is somewhat prominent. Tho size is aboiu the same as our No. 5. The suckers figured are from tho sessile arms, and agree pretty nearly with those of A. monachus (see fig. 3). The e«Ige is strengthened by an oblicpie, strongly denticulated ring. The internal diameter of the largest of these suckers is -irt of an inch; the external, l-O.') inches. They were furnislied with slender pedicels, attached obli(|uely on one side. The lingual teeth (see lig. 28 copied from Harting,) are in seven regular rows, and resemble closely those of J^olnjo (lig, U). In fact, I cannot find, in the figures and description, any character by which this spi'cies can be separal«'d from Lolhjo, and ut the Bame time it is evident that it is a species distinct from all others COLOSSAL CEPHALOPODS. 86 known. I would, therefore, propose to designate it by the niirae of LoUgo Hartingil. The other species described by Hurting wus represented by the jaws and piiurynx, an eye, a part of one of the sessile arms, and of one of the long tentacular arms, preserved in the nniseum of the Zoological Garden of Amsterdam. They were taken from the stomach of a shark, captured in the Indian Ocean. Hurting re- ferred this specimen to the genus Enophteathfs, and doubtfully to the species describ<>d by Owen under the name of E. uvqukulata, from a specimen in the H.interian museum, collected between Cape Horn and Australia by Bnnks and Solander, on Capt. Cook's first voyage. The jaws of this si)ecies are very sliari) 'H'd strongly incurved, and a little smaller than those of the LolUjo Harthign. Instead of circular suckers with denticulated margins, the arms bear two rows of large sharp incurved hooks or claws, arising from large, swollen, nuiscular bulb-like bases, attached to the arms by short i)edicels. The lingual dentition is also quite peculiar, but i,ne teeth are arrangc^d in seven rows, as usual. Air. Kent, in the article already referied 10,4 mentions a sessile arm of a giant cephalopod. which has been long preserved in the British IMuseiun, but of which the origin is unknown. Ho states that it is '.) feet long ; 1 1 inches in circumlVirenee at the base, ta- pering oil' to a fine [.oint. There are from I4r> to loO suckers, in two alternating rows, those at the bnse being half an inch in di- ameter. The relatively small size of the suckers and g.eat lenutli of the arms show that this arm cannot belong to the same spcdt-s as oui' Ar<'hit"uthis tii<,iKii;Iiiis, which IVIr. Kent thought probable. Hut as the arms of A. pmiccpn and Loln/n Jlnrtiugii are still un- known, it may belong to on(( of those species, or it may belong to the species observed, but not captured, by the olllcei's of the ''Alecton," in IHOI, near TenerKle, and named Lnli,jn lioui/cri by Crosse and Fischer, but known only from the imperfet;t descrip- tions of it given by the of!lc«'rs, and a sketch of it prepared while the crew were making unsuccessful attempts to get it on boiinl. I'he body of this (uu' was estimated at IT) to \H feet in lenfth, with the arms somewliat shorter. • l'ioiu!t«lliigg Zoulogluul Soololy of Lomtmi, for 1874, piiRo 178. [Piiiitcd lit tho Sai.kivi IMtKim, Fcbnmry, 187fl.]