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• WORD IW SEASON,

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PRIN'llBD, AT THE COLONUI, PATRIOT OFFICE.

1833.

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TO THE HONORABLE THOMAS NICHOLSON JEFFUY,
J'ac present Mminislrator of the Governmmi of Iht Province of

.Yora Scoiiay Sfc. ^x. <^*c.
This bumble attempt to direct public attention towards applying
ibe natural resources of this Country to their legitimato pur-
poses of meliorating (he pecuniary circumstancds of its Inha-
bitants, ia respectfully inscribed

Bj

THE AUTHOR

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ARGUMENT,
upon ll,e nal„r.l resource, of ihe Country .

tBsm^

1

I

A WORD IN SEASON,

TO TUB
riiHJDRMSJV JIJtTD FARMERS Of ffOVA-SCOTlA

i

THE following view of the capabilities and natnrol resoorcca
ofthia Province is most reRpectfully siibmilted Co the inlellifeot
and liberal minded people of Nova Scotia, by one of lhems«lve»;
being fully ronvinced that there are amongst'them many that wfll
to aid his endeavours to benefit the country, by asistin^; lii.s effbrtu
exhibit the manifold advantaoes with which nature has so bounti-
fully endowed this Colony. The unwearied zeal manifested by the
liegifilature for the advancement of the respective inlerosis of the
lisherman and farmer, is also a pledge, that if it contains anv-
ibing that legislative enactments can reduce to practice, so as to
contribute to that end, there are several individuals in that assem-
bly who will be found in their place to advocate those measures
that may tend to improve iheae branches of natioim! pros|><«i ity,an<l
thereby promote the very object of their legislative labours. Jf
it does not contain any practicable application of the subject, I
feel equally confident that their good breeding will inriuce theni
to overlook what their good sense or knowledge of the subject
may enable them to see amiss in the attempt; and thai thry wilt
value the production not so much on account of its real value,
ormiirit, if any il'possesses, as the motives which actuated llift
writer and the end ho had in view.

An elaborate disquisition is entirely unnecessary tn convince
not only them, but the majority of ihoso whose interests they re-
present and consequently immediately concerned; thai on theso
and these alone, with the cxcei^^ion of itn mineral productions*

* 8«e »ppfli)dix A.

aa

8

cnliii'Iv il<'|)"inl-< II'" ,Miwi)iir(ly at a nali'in nn;! O'liufurts uh ir.divi-
dualvt S"f is It ni"('r.Hiiry to t)X(ii»ttat<» al tmy {i^rrut liMigtli f'ri th»
irisHjHM.ii.i'! < 'imii'i'ti.m wiiich i»ii,';til to Ix; obsfrvoil I>i'Iwi'>mi tliese
i«lrttiv«: l»riiiii li»>H (if 11 iti'itiiil imlus'iy, in <>r(J< r to m;.k» tluim
h.U'V.n'i •,;>■ uiiu I'lul la lliH ;;..iifiifal iritcrohl:' oi tlm coiiuiK.ii K'^od
ol'ttii! vjIi'iI*'. It ft mil iMc.vi'Vfc H'K.'I: H!i i-asy Ih^K, nor ao iiMiri)|)or-
tnut to ;ki< I'ilairi, llm lull o.Mciil (ifUial loiKH'ctio:), niid |K>iiit <i-.it by
Ki»lu!iirv liiw^ tt>" i»<i!;t eiricmot mann«r to acciiif it; nn it is t<» ad-
mit till' i.iiru.;j)l<! lirif it uii;;hl to lnj si.-rupiiloiislv olj.scrvcd Thut
llm li-llt'iifH iiii.fii.' cnitstntitc! u Huiiice ofwealtli, il'i)io;ici!v iHii-
3ecut«Hl is i'H!;iI,liHh('d bf'yond conjei-ture by tho Dutch. Tiu;ir
prrscn'. il>tiU Mij^btincssfH w.fro miijiiinlly » ctiltmy ttt'i)i-{)r Tish-
«i(iieii -ril tii! liii-ijj" kiiil |)i»|ii)ii)Urt citied thoy now e.\liibit
wore nolhitifj iiKtre liian a fv.w lulls for tbe occomtnodtitiori of
(li()3« iii(lii>',rioiia iiKii, vvlio I); their sUill and wiso laws, liave v.\-
«(;llt'd all oihtT naliotia lu llit) art of taking and curing Fish.

.Such waa tho impoitanco justly attached to this their only
f(triii!o rr.mmodily, that in 1036 wh«n Charles the First prohibit-
ed tho Dutch from fishin;,' on the Coast of Hcotland, tho States
<;en<!ral wero HO sensiblK of its value, that they paid the King
i2S0,000 for the liberty to fish that season, and offered to pay
annually the same sum for tho liberty to fish for ever; but it WB«
rofust'd! Thu?, for tho first dio the British see the real value of
that source of national wealth wliich they so much neglected nl-
!hr.' placed by nature at their very doors, but to which tho Du'oh
(,\vcd thtir onyin as a nation, not only as a powerful auxiliary to
make them n maritime people by recruiting their numerous and
powtihil navv, but by bciiij; iheir only source of commerce and
consenueutl/tliR only msnns to raise and support a navy, not
..•ily ill IMt'n but every other material requisite for national de-
f.'nce S;icb was the extent and perfection to which the Trade
was prosecute.) that it is Huppused that sinc:e the year iiJOC) they
must 1 ive realized the enormous amount of Three hundred Mil-
lions Slcrlin-' Such an oversight on the part o( Great IJrilain
was as d"tnmenlal to her commerce as it was profitable to the
Dutch While llie IsiUfr were extending iheir political infiuenco
bv forming cities at home and Colonies abroad, the (ormcr was
makintr litlln or n'* pro^jresa towards that political ascendency
amon.'"t the nations which did now so Iranscondontly enjoys,
and rvhich II! a threat measure may be attributed to her
Fiiheri'-- She not onlv lost the advantages arisuig '"'m *
lucrative trade, but by ^'species ot unpardonabU. 'mbceility al-
lowed her fi=?h curi.ig rival to profit by her impolicy to such bu
extent as almost co.st her the brightest gem in her imperial dia-
dcm T'oes m;l 'his case bear a strilung giniilarity to tho manner

-*t*

in wliich tlu! Americans enjoy our fifheries, and carry away an
imfnpn^n treasuio '•oHrly from our voiy doora, »hiln we, like our
forelalhiTs iti tlic chHO i>l ili< ir fi'liiMic^, ar*^ conient to In. k (ii
\vit>< f;<(jirr«ih! "(ii:ipiiciiy, womlerin^ nt llioir Pticcess and our
(Hilurf. \\ liilM wf Ctrgol flio maxim. " 'riiat the hnnd of the
diirfjcnt iiiakelh rr li,'" Hnd in no [lursiiit morn lilerdily irorrect,
than in llie ciiso ot (he FigliPrman. 'I'lint the Aaiericnns huvn
Bome ndvantii'»<;rt ovrr us in tlio nrticlo of proviijionv connol br;
dt-nivnl, lor ihey c-nii prociirft it nmrU ( lienper, (and I believe can
liusli:iiid it bi'tlor when obtaimul) than \vi; do tbe native growlli
ofourwKil; but tliui niir conti;;u!ty to the fishing stal ions witji
whicli \v«' «••« Burroundod, except llioso on the Labrado., ia n
mtjcb jjreaipr privilege, m^ equnlly truo. Our Fisherrnon whose
dwdlingH ar« on iho borders of Gulphs, liays and Harbour?,
wliicii tor KtiitrtblenesR and aufety are not equalled any wliere, and
which air .i^varming with every npecioa ol the piscatory tribe, in
many instances within gunshot of thair very Hie sides, enableii
them to prose(Mjto tho fisheries in bouts; while (he Americana
from the distance they ure obliged to come, the convenience re-
quired for making and stowing awny tho proceeds of seveiul
miin(l)>3 labour, togeliier wilh ihn room required for salt mid
empty barrels, require a vessel of fifty times the magnitude, orul
consiequently fifty times the actual cost of our boats. IJetwoeo
their outfit and our's, upon (ho whole, therefore, we have the
advantage; (or the diflerence in the pi ice of provisions holds no
proportion to the cost of the vessels required to carry on the
trade to an equal extent It is therefore clear that not upon the
h'gh price of provision alone, rests the blame of our repeated
failure, mid (heir invariable yuccess. The fact is, that the rnl-
culaling [lorscveriog Jonaihan is pursuing the fish from bank to
bank, and IVom station to station, with unwearied asdiduity, whica
almost invariably ensures success; while our Fishermen, or ra-
ther those who ought to b;; f.-hing, iro »-ilher walking about upon
the leach of Fox Island, in cnniident expectation that the fiih
will run a i^vound, as tlicy were wont to do, or by drinking blue
ruin rtinder themselves pei/ectly ludifi'erent what the end wili be,
until the Pinpty Puii( henr. or the chilly North Wester, announce
the approach of winter (o a pennylcsri find crednless Fisherman,
w.ih empty barrels and iininaciuird couyiitiition If these sl.ite-
rneiils bo correct, il i.s a subject vvhi'-h well deserves the atten-
tion of tbe Lcgislalure, and that they are true is too notorious n
fad to be concealed, however painful the adiniHsion may bo to that
class (tf ptopio more immediately concerned, or however demgn-
luiy it may bo to tho united wisdom ofthein RuI.ms. That mat-
t<Ts ure to be adjusted all of a suddcu is not to br eripectef),
,aud to suppose (hat our Fishermen will arrive at tlt,!i dc'-icc of

3

lit

Ijerfoclion, in iho ml of tukiiui: aiiiJ oiwiiijj! ricklMl Fiih, wliicU
will enable them to miiipul'i yiicccssful'v \\illi Biotiier Jonaihaii,
wDuhl lie Hssumiiia; !« p^eiiion \v!iio!i iIk; Iiis'ni y («f !i;!;':3 cotitr;.-
iJicts, and the pu'-^ing t;vciits oi'fNcry (iav's ()..TUirehc'(; lt:'r..i.i t.^
roiifiil^. EN[if>riiMiL-<; aloiui nin) ri:) it without n:i;. |t<":uni.uy auJ,
liiit Jill the rnuiicy in liit; P:ovii)ci..i Tros^smy vyill nut •'.) it, lur
twenty yuais to cnine, wilhoiit e.vpei icii.,0. That a stiugglo
i«ti.st tako phice for this HScenU-iacy in Fnrei!.';i uliiihrtrt, bcioic
the t'lul ia accomptiished, i-i r!ear beyond u drfjht; Iho suoiiiif it
4'iunmeiicoi* the siiniuii it will luive <i lertrinialioi-.; ami the soont-r
iliB L<'{,'i^iaU)^o lends iheir oiit<;m iUMiig iriliucncc, hy RJiiutury
law« iitid [i«!r,uniiirv as«i«laiH'C! to siicli i> laudable t r.tt'rpriiie, th«!
PooHfii- v'rill they b« thn RepresfritKlivtis of a wealthy, iiilt-.lligpnt
iT.d lifippy i)t:(->pi<v Iiutidici<nj5.-y.-t»"Kis (if (pienlly pifviuit ir.thLT
tliuii aiH'doiu!.; ih'^ accdrnpiishmcHt ot the vf;. y end tlicy wtM»
intended to yain. Mi«niniin<j«-nient aUv* lendcry tho incnnsthnt
were iiilcfuled lor I lie public j^ood too iVequen:!) tho .icrur^^
mxkar than a 6/t:ssinq' to those vriy indivi(luab> wlu ought to have
Ik>;ii beneii'.cd. IniU) ea^e wifliui ciiv iinowled;^*; lias the piinci-
plo beoti iMortj fully dovclupod than liy (he sums annually appro-
priated for (he e.iit -.irtiiai ii!vnl of ii'jhiMi:'s, i)ut more particularly
hy tho inlrodudion o/Jis.isi/.'g supplies mllioat paywg n J?*/;/. In
making tlii:* ihargt)"! atn well a*vHro 1 run the ri^k of ineunny
the di/plcf.jtno of those who not t)nly Kanction it, but support it
most Birenuiiusiy, under the eoiivictiuu that they uro most (aith-
fullv dischuii^ini: their duty, nt least t<. iheinscives To ihoso \vho
may bi? prejiidised iigauiBt iiio .sequei oi' tlii« humbie aticmpt on
ti)Ht head, and who may ho careler..^* er huoliic to svh'jt may !)«
advanced with seem^';i,' propnely, ;'.nJ found not only applicable
but prueticable and expedient in the p.eseiu e.\i<;ei,eteti of the
eot»f.--To those I Ufvjld merely i(.'n'y, thtt ullhou-h ihe cndM
never Panctifv the unai:-, >et the i;.., lives veiy l'M:<to-;nlly jubiily
the deed — and ihenee then- apelcj/y. Th^t lli« ihi.aduetion ot
fbrt'ijj;ti provisi'iiis for ttie benefit fif t!i« Fisherien, as it le euUeu
IS very impolitic, is quite obvious from iho iolkoiiiijji leasoiis viz.
In (he first placo it irtgivia- (he. Mere.buut liie benefit v.'liich was
solely intended for the Fisliei iniai. Serondhj, beeau*e it intro-
duces n foreiPii arlxle f-r t!:o o.nsum; 'ion of eomrneri'H and
mnnufaclorie.-, which «-UL;i,t lu \n: i:.ised upon oiii own soil, and
ihirdlu, it defrauds the leVeiiuo and h;.s a benumbing inlluence on
ihe eneirvies of tho nulivo !aru.i.'r That ihe- meuhants . solely
i.re benefited by ihis foMli.-h aei even adimllinj.', the arUJ': be con-
Muriod iiV liui i'l^heiiuan, l- Im') m.joiiou^ a i.net to requiu; illun-
liai.on. iel it fiUiiee to rein,iik liu.t the very ilour uhiJ. coMs in
New '^nrk 6 1 2 Uolhus a Bairei ly sold to the Fisherman b)r 12

1
a

J

oil, and

IT

Dollars pAi" Bi)l.* a praUy i-aJisnn.iMc profit ''■/ gutis''^ providiriia:
the (iiity was notually i)a'Mi Tiiat th'i nrtiol«s aw introduced find
liuiir vv;iy (') '•tjpiicr.il coinnmiitiari," is n.jt (biil)ti'd by any one,
ho-.vevcr di'Jiciilt it may appear of i'.cliri! proof. Tho fo'dowini;
i« an extra :t tnkori iron) the iJournuld of t!ie IIdiisc of last session,
HOC Apnondix No. 3 '• Tlv.t the (JorHrnittae an; fnrthor ofopininn
tital no two jticasiirc's i-oulfl ho tnoro calcniatod to retard llio pro-
jires.s of otir aj^ricnltiire tlian the very extensive construction Lito-
Iv imposr'd upon lhi< clnmo of 6 Geo. IV. cli. 1 l-l, nilovvin;; (lour,
iJrf'atl and other prov-i.-ions to ha imported doty free fjr the usft
of t!io fiHiiories and the late repeal of iili tho duties on grain, ry«
Hour, Indmii Corn irieni k.c. with iha exception of 5.-; on v/hent-
en floui . By ttie first of these, Flour warehoused for the ujir
of thfi Fi.sheries i^ withihawn wilhout diity, and hy varion.s way^
lind^ its vvav' into yenera! consumption; and hy the operation of
the .'^^fi':ond all the {'fnce» hy whieli the [nipi;rial Act of Parliament
iiiiove n'!iidi,'d to m«'aut to ^i);;r(l aod nr,>!ert our agriculture are
hroken down, Hnd ihis rmrket i.-« ihrovvn open to th* eompetitioii of
Ihe Uniied St.iU'.-i " (Jonstqut nily an ntu inpt to prove the as-
sertion that our revenue is defrauded and the l)esl inieresls of the
Provftice sacrifioed m iIm piir.! uk-j of our farmers, hy the injuriouii
effects Oil ainK'-uliurai prosperity, would be rea^oniUj;; a pi'iori r>-
f:;uintiilum ad jiuUcnihi. and eousecpienliy snpernuoutJ, for he v ho
doiM not s<ri' !t •■ pt;:t.u finia,'' niu-t have (he ortr-.n?^ oi hi:^ pohti-
<*.al peuelratiori bleai-d with prejudicieor hHuded «ilh seir.iuleieflt.
In n community hUe Nova Scotia, where tnnnnf>i''tnre.«i or Me-
ciianie Ails have made liiileor t>i) proi.jre.--», iho i)ul!: ol the pea-
pie must apply them;eive- to tho cultivation of the sod; and if
their rikili and innustry increasjo, iheie musl arise a jrreat sufiHr-
lluity heyond what sufHces to ma'ntain them Thoy have no
temiilation therefore, to evtend llieir s-Uil! nnd inilmtry, since they
cannot exchange thaf suporliiiiy for a {••)^Tni,'>ditv whii'li may
.serve liicir nvarico, or vani'v, — to be more e.xpiicit. — FiU' that
roii.modiiy whicii correspond •; in value in Ihfiir cs'imnlinn. lo the
la'.'our which pi-odoefd the aiiiele they have in tlie market. The
consequcii'U! i>. !i!.i? a hahil of indolenco naturally prevails. TIih
gre;i!er part of the land is |r>f; iiiieultivati'd; or whni is cultivated
yield::! a [lODr rroo for want of sUill and uidii:*try. 'i'hm thp atjri-
cuiturnl l:fc ]>i fjcry day he<.;oaiui'i more or less rcpntahle, in tho
s;ime proportion nt? f.iitncis are hecoininjx nioro wealthy or les.<«
indepetulent .is compared with iho commercial class. Menee tho
rca.«iun why .so lu.mv of the yntiuij men iu this Country choose
a speculative, !o an agricultural lit"c, and which swelia Iho lists

^ 14 (loiiir^ ,1 !ibl. WK'? >Ji!Ug<iii by .i Cu.ifici for tlour tliit full, u!>ic!i
paid no di'.j-.

^wm5^^^>-

of Traffickers in a much gr«nter ratio, than the natural trade of
this country requires or is conducive to its prosperity.

That n diffVrent opinion pievaiis I have every rrnsnn tn be-
lieve. It is a very prronooua «dea, however, to iinajzme that
Merchandize must fnll in price as (he lVIfr<-iiniitrt («s thfy Hru
called) multiply. The fact i.^ thai in the Ooontry pliici!«, iind
out porta of this Province there are but few iMerrhaiits, and very
few in Halifa.x, compared to the number of f luokatftrs. Both in
Town and Country tho.se we are in the habit of calling Merch-
ants j»re nothing but domestic traffickers, who in iill their trans-
»>ctiov8 never add a farthing to the common stock nl' actual value.
It is true that very frequently they nccnniulate property and nwt
eeldom amassi riches. The amounts thus acquired only change
hand.s from the Farmers and Mechanics, whose productive Icbour
is given in excharis^e for the nominal value the articles they
furnish acquire in their possession. It i.s therefore clear to the
meanest capacity, that the greater the number of such gentry
there arc to maintain the greater the ta.\ on those wbo w.nk.
It is clear to the meanest capacity also, that in the|sRme proportion
that the number of such schemers iucraase, so must their main-
tenance be a drawback on the energies of the Country. To
elucidate the matter more satisfuctorily, let us 8up[)0«e that this
District consumes yearly the sum of JE 20,000 worth of goods,
and w!)ich is furnished by twenty Individuals ut 20 per cent
Which leaves a yearly income to each of these iniJividunlH of
£200. A sum which is only sufncient to afford the neccsaariea
oflifw, and meet contingent lossow. J3ut if forty Individuals
ennage in the same trafiic and lay claim to an equal share of
this S20 per cent; the consequence is that the income oi' each is
reductti one half, or tht* price of the goods r a i. sod 20 per cent
more to secure the £200 to each. A sum which is only equal to
iho amount of his pertfwnal and contingent cvp^jnces. Is it not
iherefure clear that a greater percentage is the consequence lo
save themselves Irom Bankruptcy.

I^ it not a fact that strikes with appalling astonishment the
eye of the most superficial spectator, that in this Province aa
soon as a your.g man can push his credit so far as to get hold
of a Puncheon of Rum, a Keg of Tobacco, and a Chest of Tea,
ho forsooth assumes tlie dignified name of Merchant; in the
course of a »'ory If/ years he is net only better fed and clad
than llie poor despised Farmer, but ten to one if two or three of
his nearest neigbcurs and best customers are not obliged to move
off, in order to make way to this sell important individuub grow-
ing dominions and balance what he calls his Ledger.

■^Cy.-

ipm

13

Ti<e9e po»B«Bsioiui worth hundreds of pounds pfi«« into lh« clutch-
od ofthesH Tax jratherrrn wiiluiut costinc Uiem-iiif h^ur ofprndnc-
live lahour. It rn^cesssrily lonnwj-, thk'iffr.ie, \Um the. ruriHidera-
lion whicii wnn paid muist l)o inili^pd l>y iidfr^-.n imp'.miiioii tiii.irj
the industry of Iho Coiuitry; givMi it >« Iriie by volmitary van-
inbiitmn Is it a wondi'r ihcr* r.irt> fhi^ Mir Fv.rrrwf- uro \v.o.m-
santiy compluiiiing about t)nd tin.rp, muI n cni r-^spo-idiog »i*|> li-
cence I'dIIow in the tram of »JU(;h univtMsal nus>ap|)lioatioB ol lime
and means.

That an intelligent and liberal class of nclital iMerchnnla— -
Gentlemen who not only understand but nctupr.n Mio ftnJorpn.'.ins;
and just principhisnf real commerce, are the pr»'at<'sr nnd Hf<:ur-
est jjledijes of a Cniinlrv's prospt'ntv is a (act Ihut tnntft paituU*)
of a dou- t, ond (hat amcny 'h"' <i<ii'jin« mercantile clas* iit ilwa
Province wo liave a great niajoritv of siifh 'fori by and vnhufljle
individuals, is a triuh to whidi the preHfOf sitite of .>ur forcij^n
comm^rne bears imfquivocal testimony. !n(i«'^'d l.i ttn^ir fixcct^fl
of liberality may in sonio degree bo .-iitnbutod Ihw nUi'.c of
tbintji, of v'-hiob I now .'-nfivlain. The gfoeron.-; libfraiity of a
Halifax Merchant has rfr'^.Uy Ix'conu' jiroverbiaily, and rnme df-
*5prvii)<f of pardon th:ui ff iiraisw To their indisoriirooati^ oonfj-
deiitc and ijiiivets.il cieuit.-^ n;Ry be traced the prolific I'ropsjjeat.^n
of those public iH.i.-ai..;eft, Hucksters and Pediara— I beg iberef-uo
to be plainly uruk rsiiofu! . I niciip net lo Irealbo u whisper to
the prejudice of f i-.oiJC Cin ■thh' Individuals, who act upon the liuai
orincijjlus itl' far.' ([♦'('.lio^; l:':\M'Vfr pour — fbose vvho bave studied
and learned the Tnnh-. I aiost ackiiow ledge ho-.vever that I
entertain no su'-h rfilicacy toanrds every blocklipad, who has
cnhj seme envuo^h to sec that llic manual lal>our of cultiiig away
the forest to make w;»y for the pioiigb, is not such a lazy life as
watching a Funcljcon of Uuni with bis hands in his Pockets v\ait-
ing the sale of a Bottle of Gyn;:;. These are the CaterpilLrs
that devour the foliage of the pooi Ern'^mni:' l^bour.s, and the
locusts that de.strov liie t'li""its <»f tht; old settlers and j)i.fai}ZiJ
the very stamina of our pol.fical exisience.

I repeat then, is U'lt ib.is a tit.Ue of tilings vshich well merits
the attention of ilie L^-gi.^lature .ind dnnands an immediate inter-
ference of efiecieiit lav\s to (.'.n-oliddte the respective ititerenfs of
Fishermen and Farmirsi liy niuking them a noitiiai soppoit to
each other, HO tliHt \b<' miere^t.^ of the one i.s bert secured by
re.specliii;.' ami proteclr.ig thai u!' llu- o(bei, never vvil! the eoni-
inon good of ilie whole*, or the general ii:.i!)i: 'ei ol oui' hubbaiid-
men be odectually maintained until such is ihe cujb.

.?f^

14

Tint (I.e fi.h-rie. i. tbf only mart In which the Farmei-. cnn
now look fo, for „ .endy snio fortho ovorpU.s of their annual pro-

«ro|>h.r.l -nuJ rMH!,-m.tile r«^!„hn„ in which thin i>r-.vir.rf. .Wnd>,
to fho rnon- (..rf.Ie countries of (i,^ Cr.nad.is .nnt? Unif^d St^'i^a
And that the prnsppr.ty of r„ir F,.heri« miist ultimatelv dopend
onoiir own natural resources is equally corlain. '

Owing totho very hiuh price of lahnm- in this Cr,nr.t.v nnd thn
amazipfr ch.'apne.s of miuiufaofiirefl at hnnnt, our uva.ne^B in
supplying our o-.wi wnm. in m-uiuCaCured articles, miMfhe very-
slow from (he<o o.ui.ps; hut traoielh-d as the enorg.ea of the
(.ounlry at pr..,crU ar«, i,v th.' most od.o.is and dep. ndin.r mono-
pl.y'^that ♦•ver d..jrrar,i.d .h« r..rn..ds of .-...v Counlrv, and tho
m«9t np;„„,H,v« ^^\vch a f-,- horn Briton had <-ver eM.Jorrd thev
rannol (-.r a f^^n; > .,rH Hdvaru-o (o any de^re.^ of com ,nr,'itive
prospfrnv. I hn ChaoM.l of n.lioiu.l w;., th hein- e.ai.Hv
rngn.s.,-d. 'for a shnrt p,^nud onhj, I hoju-) tho farmer is d..;,rivrrd
Ot the ,.r,v,h-g« which wm.ld ar^so to inn) fr-.n Bupp|yi„.r ,he
wants of tho^p, >.ho wuuld l.r oih,Mui,o c;n,,i,v,ed in miuiufao
lonrj,: fno raw rnatorial,. To ih.. Fisheries alone, ihero i„r,. wo
can h.o.v uith any degri-e of cprta.nly a; p!•08^w^t, t:j e.xitnd our
commerce abroad u:id enccuirage iadul^try r-t hoini...

The proseni systoni is n^f only fuiile iuul [,rove..,- c.^-mo'eteK'
at variance wiih rvery principle of sound poMcv, hut it actoa!!-'
and virtually haffl^-.s ..v,My attempt at uopruvcin'Rot, and if tnurii
onger rontinued will invcdve tho Country in dobt ng a naiiun and
beggar Its inhuh.tanta. At all event.< il'will drv up the fountains
ot revenue as rr^gards the first, and orevent the lattor from be. nr.v
in^ iiMVpendcnt. How can it he othr-wise r Amoiican Fh),j-
and Pork ain now aiiowful to he inlroducod " datii free'' for iho
use af the Fishenos. What a h».,n to Firthrni.e.n! !! Tht-v aro
really privileged to huy from the Coasters JJuiencan j%uy'nt 12
or 14 Dulh-ux a Barrel, vvlu-n hv judicious rnann<'eiiient they
micrht be supplied <.vith ns nutritive and v.iiolosutue a diet of naliv'vs
growth, at one half the price.

Accordin^ to the leturn^ madr; hv [ho Cfi-^toin House, and pub-
lished mihe J.iurnals of the House of A.'r-emhlv for the year
1832 We find that tho tollowint; ai»t;clos were jniported for the use
of the iMsherics in 1G.'3I,

I

Se« appendix B.

4;

I

i

1.0

10,617 12 nils, cf Wi^eRltJiFliiur ct >^0i i! 15,320 lU 0

l,(;br> '• llxr " " e*.. 2,104 10 0

IjcO " Btcf tind PdiI; " CCs. 3,450 0 0

Duty upon (!io .'i;:!.j.r<';;ijle , . • '1,047 0 0

£ ^25 y:-3 0 0

Tl.Hl

i w«

tniv f:ve Tiiousuiid puund^ vvor;Ii of provir'ior.s im-

ported l"ii/i!i l'(ir<.i<i:i i;<;uiUries linvn bt'on con." iuiiC.il i-j. liie Itiha
'litnnts ol ihi' Prnvitue \a l.y !h« abdvo piovtMl ht'^nnd a dniibt.

It icatlns not iis iar «.-< i!i<

Pro

viute as a

wh

oic i;5 (oncetnet

.ht'tluT il wan conButntMi l)V tin* Fifaliciniuii cr Farmer

Tho

tirect is the Slime lilimiatt!). To prove this prdposition 1ft lis
iipo^e II Coaiter to start iipoii n lrn(iin<r voyti^fe, lie applies at

KU

I lie \v;i,<;

house tor Provisiwiis " for tlie (i^herij^s," lie tjeU.-cts b\»
lioous, swearii that "I A. B. ol'Ihilifax Nova Hmtia, rdfrcliiiiit, do
nirike oMih that the a'oove articles arc noi uiriv iit and ^lL'C('^sa^y
for liio i^itis-li Fisht'fi<'s, out t.re inlentied to he coiisumr'd ttolely
llH^rtMii " He gets hi« CHri;o, the very best iiriiclpe he could
jfopsililv procurj" to cnsiiro sutTes^. Lit ufi suppose tlu; Hrnount
>:;500 worth oi provitjii r,3. 'i'hal the voyegf: proves ti jrooti ony
which Yielded 50 per c«'iit, or a return of £,lsO worlli oi Fish
litl lus kuthtr t^uj pose '.hat ho sliipptd llifsi; lish io tin,' West
Indies
iiicrensed 50 per ct bI ii;ou'

ii!j leluin* i!i his hi

it hy lii»' tunc 'hey lutived iheie iIih i.u.ouiil ol'lhe whole

-^■ay £ 1 1 >5 atid h\ tho time i;o has

le.-iiho aiiii mil llu:rf■a^ies 33 1 3 per t ei.r rnor«

or

loUO, V.

Hi at

Ih

res, or one on

If

13 lit til

Rl (\\

lU

h I

feel e<^t!fui<iit \s not ovuraled njiiin'^ ire .-.veryTe ot nm h turns
iVoin iho \\\vl Indies, v.utj, v. e have no other) and we find imt only
the piniciplv:' of £000 the eapiiai vos-ted coriiploii ly io.«t, biol liliy

per cent tjjore, na 1.. r art

the I'

UiViiieo iB eoiieciliod, uiit

•11 iht

JSpeeulalf-r |jia\ actually inul'.o himdied:* hy the traii?ii« tioii. U'e
Must h' rp in view iluu iho profit eomcs out ol the poek*ts of
those v.ho consume the uiticie, and in li . sHnie piopoiiion !her«-
('ore,lhai our Farmers eoiisuiiieriiai. which isiiie procoe<l.s of fi-sti,
and fi.'h Ihe proceeds ol'Afr.erietiu pr.iviso.n, in llie eaiuo propor-
t;r.n do liny c-fitrtluatly eonsuuie Ameiien:! Flour, PoiU Beel, etc
--i\ir »\h'i:h the IVJeichant pays ihu Annsiican in Cash, and tho
Fanners itfuiid Cash to liitii and take ittoii in oxiliange. That
the amount of every returntd (jnigo which eonsista o( Uum ia

lliir.alely lost to ihe Province Is a tiutb whah cuntiot lie {/a;

u

taiye^

hether lhati»uini.i the [uix *■! d'* o! oui owi, t-oooLy

iro

do

CO o

r ihut of Iho Anu'iicai!

Tliu dlltseiice id fcj'ii!!
IJuii) which ir ih

thif), ihet \theii our FiirnieiB consume Uuid winch u ihe prect-fo.s
ol' their own produce, they only cciUMunic tho supeifluily of ikiir
oun labour, hut when they consume I»un», or any thing else, whiub

16

is (lir iiror"»(!s (if forcijTn labour, they thon in fact kind up their
n.vfj liri!ul-< iiD'J t;(\ ihcir ImtkI" ar".l ioti'.-try !>y C!!C:,utn;jing
r(irf<i;r) r'litDjX'iitiDn.-! I< nwxy Itc niv'ued ''ui' i-v t .,n*(,;i:iij." Hi;<-
•,arv '.'-f^ fiufi l!i'i( ir. iiiot't ri-ition?, fwrei^'!! tr;rl»', liAsi orf-O'-'Irtl jiny
Iflriii':!!!^!^ ill 'i()!r>(! r.^.iiiijfa'hrer. I'o tins 1 Wuuld reply titfit
iHif r^y- i-i xv:;J»iv (iifr, i iMil td rn^iiiy of tiii>':(' Cnuritnt'M ot' which
»vf rfii(i, iiiul f'UrticiilMilv rff wlii'ii r,oMi|iarc'(1 to t»liler Countries
whf 1(1 !ln' Artiznn -md rvlt'i-huiiH' is rvery <lay invptitini;j sdmib
\\*f\v i»rii"!e to Buit th<- Cosmncrcw or ifKlulge thi> IiiNur y <>*' v eal-
ihy ciii/(*Hf« or p:unporefl ariatocAta. Iir.prfitiiti^Tiit of (o
ioi;£ii ridnni'idnif"' into nticti »;ouiitiir'« furiiish riiatcrifils for new
inar.iii'.:i/;;urp-j, and t.y their exports pro'liicoa labour wliich in
piirticuiai' coin;:iodiHv.i coujii not !•« roijsiiirntHi :it hoinf, wher«'i^i^
provijiioiis ir):poi!(d t) <» ('oiiutiy vvhtno llni l;\;id is < iipniilfi of
rt-piiyi !!!(' I'lboin of ll'f> li'isbandman; but wht-io tiu.* oit of
fiMiiiiinj i-i want.rii^ lo f^linw its rupiibiiiliua, is throvviui^ ohslncles
ip. the M.'iv iif men o\' Cnpt'r! f.rid pkdl lo embark in thr undor-
liiUinn;,aud conseqin-nlly proveuls the rotiiirce? ol' ihH Country
fioin vieldiriw any pr(iport-ii,>nate rPHsin to t!)«ir exKJnt aiid •'ipubii-
iiii's. If Iht'np preitnises he correct and (he iniiiM»'t!;:p drawn
liom thf.ii not iit vai'buice with the true slate of afl'airs; if neces-
K«(iU lolii.As ihiii iliR l_egislalurcM)ij(rhl ir.imt diately to encourage
lilt' Fijfrner ti» .--uppiy thv* rishei-.nan with tiie rec(?iignrie» of hfis
of rjiitjvc! gto'.Yih.

That ill '^rdiM- to nHfiiie tho'^e advantages to (he Couifnunify
-more cfnctuiillv. wimh .<u<!) a cotincili. js would produce; the
M''i(li>m'?< oiiiihi to li«» unt-iMii n;,;!''! l'^. hnn>' in rriurn for their
iiniU'd lijtiDurrt '5iu.'!i foniniiid.tic?.- iv- would lu-.-t adminifter to the
fornt'o'iis of ilui iiih il>ii.iiir:-i: and diHCoiiv.'!::;' ilio uiipoifation (>(
fiurh aiticU's, a-^ n-.it (Uily iivip<ivf! i>Ih'^ t'u> coiisunicr vvithnnl
nddiniz to liis (.-..mfoits; but arlually ai>d lilorally consumesj hta
phvs'...l *ojf'!^'i(.'s. dc-.iroys hta morn! t'i;-;i!i.s',v, and renders him
alike tiudt lo supjiort lnii):-.<'ll or i-eneht h;.s Country.

To ascertain what these articles are which oua;ht to he rejected,
nnd those that sound policy would alone patroniie, ilou.s not
require any extraordinary j)oliti(:ul pcnetriitiun; or Oiuch legisla-
tive profundity to iVaine laws that would bnnij the on*j lo common
U83, whilo the other would he shortly riMi'.'ioied obsolete. To
eay thiU Rmn is ah artirln whioii we ctm do wiihout and the
consninplion of which irf fraiighi with trnny had conseqnoncea to
Individuals and States, is really usmt; vr-ry mild huiguage to
«la!« a fact. And to say that Tira, (aiihough a very a::reeahle
heveioge, and leaves no traces of immciralily in its train) is an
arti«l8 that might bo superseded with a benefit to the Province by

I

17

iUe raoro wholesome lV equally palatable article of Coffee, iit eqiial-
Iv true. Thnt from Cnrry lo fifty thousand pounds worth of Ten
19 cons.nr.pd nrmiiHlly in this Pvovnivt^ is a fail Ihat pefJMpM ij
not gemrnUy known; all of uliith is pa;d in specie, 8nd «!i!rh ig
Item t.i ih« " iHiermost «t;dsnf thp puitli" iiov«m k- upturn — while
Coffee the pr.uiucii of Sisler Coi..niPs »!iich talteH our fisli in
rptiirn, is seldom kopp, in n Pirmer, innchiinii- or pvfn n Cuintiy
Gentleman's iiousn, for lensms which F dt.ie not m»'ntion,for fi-nr
of pelt.np myself info n scrape with mv Lnndindv, Iml «hith
the [.Kgislutiire muy remedy hy sendmy •' the S. hoolmasiei" i,,
the KitchPii, That their constim^its will cncir in hiiv rational
mea,siire that will tend to lessen (!ie crime of diui.kenep*. nod
htreiipthen the cause of industrious and moral hahits, is nu.to
mandest from the laudable efforls already made by t'lom in vari-
ous parts of the Province.

Ii> rfiferenre to " Abstract of dutiable articles imported lo the
I'rov.pcp of ISova Scotia between the Hist day of 0(;tober 1830
and tho thirtv first day of December 1 83! as furnished bv the
Custom House lor ihe information of the House of Ass-mbly"
laat Session will be found ihal 1,199,786 Gallons of Rum. Gin,
Uiandy and V\mo was imported duriiifr that time nnd 9o0 M9
or the year. Now a tax of ?J. per i;al|on upon the ai;Kre'.-ate
lor the year would amount to £ 1 1,997 17 3, or in round nTim-

£ 12,000 0 0

her

LoBB for probable drawback one tl.i.-d

Hy reference also lo parliamenlarv doruments
.or the year Id27 (the latest I have seen) 394,502
lbs. ot Tea have been imported lo and sold in Hali-
fax that year, and which at 3d per lb. amounts to

,. , r Je 4,93^2 0 G

,L?eciuct for prabahle quantify export-

'^'^ ^-^ ' 1,644 0 0

4,000 0 0
£ 8,000 0 0

^83,288 0 <J

rj-u ..... £■ 11,288 0 6

Ihat these articles of luxury will bear such a Tax without
n tenereing with tho comfotts of any [ndividual in this Frovince

that .an with propriety bn ur^td against it, .s, " the ri.^U of en-
courag.ng an ill.ct trade," and at all events the' only excuse th.t

tuou, UoHor,, Let fh» Import duty stand as it now i. until a mors

11

IS

.ffrclual pl.n be adopted to pr.vnt il..-^ P'?^-^'!'""^ 1^^^ .'";,

Uulor .B concennMi, .t n'"^'^'^^" ' ^'^V'rT 1 e of cmuse puts .1 ou
n bother into the license or exciso ofuce he ^ c^ f

wore r.i foUowi: Tf,t«\ fihllnna

Rum Puncheons GiUoni TotH Uaimni

Foreign parts 7« 8,J«-^

Gin
Foreign part*
CoHttwis*

Brandy
Foreign purts
Coaslwisa

617

8

30

16
6

29

eB,95S
l,f05

'2, til

2,16-1

6l.9i3

$,8?7

2,164

Total Gtllon*
Deduct 1-4 for extra nunntiiy imporled
o^Ting to ro duty being paid that yo«r

L«i3 13 Tor probable exports

\

.•55,4*8
18,486

36,97C

this District are, Tavern Ucopera - -

Shops who Retail by the (i'.mit - 3U

Total 70
which at £7 10 would nmoiinlto - - * . q
Deduct 10 Individ'jnl3,who might drop it

0
0

f

£460 0 0

rgling.
ask or
which
it, art I
nevttd
the 10-
« duty,
ta it on
pn pay*
. House
liiquor«
ry 1831

46t

S

0.

iquors

in

40

SO

70

0

0

0

0

19

Being abovo the eighttjcnth part of the Eight Thounan.1 poundi
propDied to be raised as abovo stated and coniequenllv (ho one
«;ighteenih »'.itl of the spiriU consumed in this Province. Having;
not had an opporlunity of ascertaining tho actual quantity «f
Tua consumed in (hit place, it \» presumed, that if the sanrte pro-
proportion bo adopled between the quantity consumed iiero und
quunlity imp trted, us there is of the article of Rutn, the data will
bofuund pretty near correct and whioh is 14,G14 lbs. and which
at 3d. is £ \Qi 1.3 6. The number of Individunig who retail
the Article at present is Go, which at £S 10s. each would amount
to J2227 10 0

Deduct ita the probable number who would drop it
12 persons at 70ii. 41 0 0

jei85 10 0
And makiiip a total of si.x hundr<'d and thirty five pounds (en
>ljiliuigj, wliicli 1 fcH'l coiilidciit only rtquirus to bo tried in order
to prove sufceasful.

Ilavin;^ thus far eslablibhi-d by vnvious views of the cnsc, that
ttcompljite aud univarsai nMoriri is not only required but impora-
tlT^;ly and prompliy drmandtil ui our pif.'^ciit conjtnercial tran.«:ut-
lions. And having theoretically at kaat, shown tho ways and
moans to accompiiab the end, or at all events having exposed n
lew dormant truths, which may horeai'ter assi«t some rnoro able
politician to exhibit moro fully the palsied nerves ol' our present
policy, and domondtrate more ably tho llieoroms of the desired
dessideraluin; let iis return to the position from which we first
started and endeavour by plain statemonts of imvarnished hvpo-
thesis to 6l)ow how the conn«clioii spoken of, between the Fish-
erman and Farmer is best secured and mai:itained by fiscal aid
and legislative enactments.

To protect the Farm«r therefore from foreign competition is
tho fiiit step whi.h ouj^ht to bo iidop'.ed towards this ronnectinn.
Let all foreign pioviisions pay the duties without any exreptioo
whether they are 'or the use of tho (isheries or othorwise. Tho
province cannot oe e.\pecteu nil at once to be able to supply tho
wants of the Fisherman, as the farmers cannot increase all of a
Kudden, their skill nud industry. Lands uncultivated cannot be
hrou[',ht into tillage and profitable cultivation for some years.
ForeTgn produce must therefore in llie meantime be imported.
Lei the duties be collected and aj>pl:ed most scrujiulously to tho
encouragcmtnt of the fisheries. Not as the present sy.-<ieii»
admits of their application, by tillowing every iinprinciplid
fpeculator to pocket the dutifS; niid charge the poor igiKvranl

0 0

'^.^^1JJ^0^*^

I i

20

fisherman (wo priccB for these very articles which he procured

" ilniiifn*' for lite use of //tr /iW/srus " I^et iIih amoDnt tluis rnifl-
ed, iic pn'd to ihe ni.tudl Firshermim, m l!it' shiip^ nf n tiounty
upon ili»> «'iitch. Tills wilt not only ••ti'ihln l!u; nntiv> r.irni<!i-»
tn meet ('(ii<'ii;n piodiioo witli a iiiir ciiaiice ol coitipt'lilioii, \n\X \\\
the rtumn tune {iivr> the Hrluul fidiitumtjn, that in the bhiipe iS
boiinly vvhn.li wii.i laktin \xn\\\ liim in liie slpipn ot'diitio*; witlinut
jjiviiiif «v«irv OciilUinnn 9|;(',culalor the hemTit nl pocUititiij: the
duliea which the tishRiman Unnnuly actually pai^'. witlioui roceiv-
ing any thing in tlio shape of a rccDmptMiHC.

The duties roiinquishcd upon articles witlidtnwn from thfl
Warehouse for the uye nftlte J'i.slituies in the ynf^r 1831 amount-
ed ti« £4,538 iU '• n pi<;51y jonHnicral)!*' sum I guess' if col-
lected and judiciously applied, as already sfmod. Ileiujj in a
ffua^sinii: mood 1 n»ny he allowed furllie. to " f»ues.s" that the
avwtint and mnnntr ol' oliuiininij the drusv hack tnay in u ^rcat
meas -e account for the number o( cUsiulereslcd ndvocated it liad
in tliu flouse.

The second step towards this union, is, n law for the inspeoiion
of all agricultural produce ofTcced for <'.\portation, or entered in
the Custom House for trading Coastwise. Articles Ihiis put up,
oiif»ht to hear the lnspci'(ur':j name, the Curer'?* name, quunlity,
quality, what year and where cured, and of course to he put up
in Kuitaiile casks The Curer of Beef and Pork to receive a cer-
tain sum for each harrel, cured, inspected and entered os ahove,
of the first quality onlfj. Tlic deiiler in flour, naeal, and biscuit,
to have similar regulations and similar encouragement. Tho
Inspector to have a certain sum for each and every barrel so
ingi)CiMed, all of which to be paid out of the liicense Money
raised by the duty already mentioned. The Uounties tu be
recoverable on quantities not less than 25 barrels of eatb commo-
dity, and not to bo paid until the end of the year, when certifi-
cates from the Custom House wil' be considered proof of iho
fact. The Grand Jury and Sessions to have the appropriation
of the amount, and the bounty for the year to be j;«.verned Ijy
the funds, and the quantity shipped of agricultural produce,
but never to exceed so much per barrel. Say 29, 9d. for each
bbl. of flour, or oatmeal, a Is. 3d, per cwl, of biscuit, out of which
fhti 3:1. per barrel to the ln,>*pccior, would leave 2s, (id. for the
iirst, and is. for the laticr, to the exporter. The amountMhus
raised by the increai-ed duty on Rum nn.d 'i"e:!, would be etuflicient
to pay the lointy on 23111. bis of Heel and Pork at is. 9d. and
on 3631 do. of Flour or Meal 'it Is Dd. makiuji a total of five
thousand nine i.undred and forty two barrels in this District.

I

ii

2(

\n order to facilifftte the ii«ct«iary Ironic bolwccn Iho farmer
and |H(»vi.siuii lU-n'fTJ, Piililic IMniUets oujihi lo be KsUhlidhed in
pvcrv i>rMi'Mj)«! Cmuily. Town or Distrrcf. in tiic Piovii'co —
iM !:rli» :•;!.> ;ii) h.;l(i >)!! |)..: ! .I'ljiiir ili.Vo in C! r!j wimm:, bj. .■,.•!. hi*
/i[i<i MiiilnlU". ni»i!>^«'rt ti> in! '.iiiili ill O'lf.wiiitinl |i!iii;rM tor tlio nc-
roiiimod.ilioii t>r doftinr!* in ^ihiii, |)i*(;ViHi:iiia, ki;. {'V\tvi ••'ipur-'
d(>n;i!«ln, nnt'. I riiiiy tidu cMilpiil)lo m-g!it',vrice mHnire.fl»'d hy (he
[Magistral*:*' (fa coi'aui To»vn in ilii.i Province, although u \nvr
<itn|ii)werini; tlitMu lo tnx tliH luhubitiinU, und ninko uii nuctssnry
nrrMH;:;rtiifMits to rnnv tlio hajiie into tficcl for 'our yoar'* past,
Hiu! fniitiy ofllie iMiiyinlrntoa wlio have 9«cn and oxperiencrd
'hn iiuak-ulabiK {{ood, mar!u't3 have produced in thei> native
roiintry, inaUtirt their apithy appear the more unaccountable )
TtiDt finist.jr mo!ive8 havy been attributed lo some of ihum, not
(or thei! f'.t-ghgHtice, but hosliI«( opposition t(» tiie rneasue, 1 nm
vvi'll fiivari?. 'J'lii.l the (haractfts of •roffickoro and B* ^gistrale
urn too fiequHiitiy i)l<'ii'l<!d in tb« satrio Individual, in n ny pails
of liiis Privince, [ am also well aware, and that th« hHrterinf; syi*
lem which I'lfquently assist the goods to disappear from ofTtlie
hhnlves ot tljo l'orii;er, might not hove Home influence on the Ma
gintiMiel duties of the latter, 1 am not at present enquiring, I know
•io'vevcr, lliiit specious argoments are (Vcqucntly used by inte-
rested ioiitvidiiaK, to prevent any tiling like system, or afford
any fior chance to tho farmer to gi t money for the overplus of
his pinduce. 'J'iiey say. " increase the q-tantity oi prt. visions in
the maiket, and the price will (iijl," but at tiie same time forget-
ting to add, " that the prices of commudities do not depend on
the quantities of such acticlcfi in the market, af> much as upon
the priporlinn bctiveen rommodilies, and money in ciriitlnlinn ^*
Increasie the coinniodity and liieiv price vdll JuH; increase the
money and they will rise in ikeir value, an on the other hand a
diminution of the lormcr, and that o( llie latter, have a contrary
tendency. That no measure will ensure as efTeclually to the
farmer a ready sale, and money in exchange liji- liis produce,
than „ Public Market, is a fact too well established by the expe-
rience of other countries, to require any support from my penj
and that nr. measure will, or can possibly maintain a wholescime
|iroportinii l)etweon conmiodity and money in a bartering country,
fspt^cially for exported articles, is equally true. That the bar-
tering 8\-ilem is more advantageous to the man who gives goods
in ex.haiigc lor agi icultuial jiruduce, is obvious from the follow -
injr facts Thefrtimer brings his article lo market— se// 1/ /tc
muHl, liaviog no jilace to leave or inclination to take it home
where he has a siifikiency already, otherwise he would not have
brought It to Market. Comeequenlly goods must bo taken at the
price of the buyer, not seldom at 25 per cent advance; the i^X'

/^

22

m«r return* with hid l.Rr(;iim, pcrlinpi onr half in Rtm to {jH rid
nfliiii |)r«i<luco I.< it llion-forH lo \n) woiidtsred, that llio.^ff u>;«-
iMlcd iiulivi(liial-4 sliould 0|>pn.<o I'ubli'; .MarUols, knowiii« iliut
by once establisliint; llifm, the u.xn w.,iild ln) liiiJ tc " u root «)f
(ho bartering 8y"-«'i", T>d r(iri«i<qi.«M)l!y cut sliort Ibcir own pro-
liU. The grtiue-it \Vi'!ic'*;r :«, that the (iiimHia and imichnnics
do not seizo uj>uj their u.n» ri{;iit^ und iiisiyt u|)')n those whose
duly it i«, to rairy such moaNiire« to edVct, to do «f> promiilly ;
und therol'y render themaelvon n chance (>! even htuidfd justice
ut hinnt in the Markets of their country.

To leyiHluto on thH moat <<froc!enl made of taking and curing
fiih, being of u more intricate and complex nature than thiit of
B<Tri'culture requires m'M« caution to .Vame laws (or its guidance.
That a complete code of laws therefore, can be concocted with-
out the test of expenen»-e, and which will invariably commimd
Buccesa is not to be ercpct-led. Undertakings of a i«8s prccari-
OU8 nature than tlifl (ishHries, having tluj bt.st digested lawa h)r
their rule of conduct, arc not at all times ncron^pnnied by surceis,
Hs the inseparable concomitan*. of legislative wisdom A com-
parative db-rroe of perfection is only to be attained by prudent
and porspvering assiduity in every department of kumnn uselul-
ness, Those self evident maxims which miw govern the ocliona
of the most eminent st.-itfHnien and experienced Merchants, \ver«
a century ago, considered chimerical innovations of the establish
ed order ol^thiofis, and consequently connidered tBcred by tho
maay — But the Combination of system and experience has noic
rendered thum the object*, on whose observance depends the
success of State or Coui.nercial prosperity, as d.)e3 the mariners
on the observance of tho laws of attraction and magnetism.
Human conceptions as regards future event.s, are imv as obscure
as they were then, nor can the many seo tmo Kioio clear than
did their predecessors the coiiHequeiices that must necessarily
follow certain combinations. That the Schoolmaster hath lectured
upon the laws of analogy and tho inseparable connection between
cause and effect I am fully aware, but th^.t Fishermen upon tho
extensive coasts of Nova Scotia, including Cape Breton, have
had an opportunitv of benefiting by his far famed and useful
pilgrimage, I am not informed. It is no matter ot astonishment
therefore, that these secluded individuals who although they have
advanced in common with the bulk of mankind, in the unu ,^ ;oil
stride of the " March of Intellect," should fail to see, all at onco,
their own true Interests through the varicfjated shades. ^ ••
political prism of the nineteenth century. Hut that the Legisla-
ture should for 0 series of years of repeated lailuro>-, tenaciously
peraist in supporting a system fraught with loss to the iMsherman

t

«,

•> {;«•( rid
),■<•• in!«-
'inji; ilittt
u root of
)wn pro-
f^chnnics
0 whn-je
toini>tly;
d jiislico

i curing
in (hilt of
uidance.
ted wilh-
:otnmnnd
prccari-
lawa i'oT

SUCC09,

A C(im-

f pruflent
n u3Pl'ul-
I© ocliona
Jits, \ver«
establish
ed by tho
B has note
pcnds ihe

mariners
ajfnotisrti.
a obscure
Icar than
ccessarily
li leutmed
u belwern

npou thu
Rton, have
ind nspfiil
oni.shnient
they Uavo

unn ,;. iJtil
ill at onco,
les. ■: i' .'iO
ic Legialii-
nnaciouslj'
[•'ishcrinaii

23

nnd diHjjraro lo ilio Frovince, in not only n matlfr of gurptisv,
but of "urtiial Hiiipidity or unpardonnblo nogligoiicu.

Thnl the lliining nnd IMnckorr.! Fislieries of thi:< Provincn
shoiikl invnrini)lv pr«)v« n fHilurfi is no mailer of Rstoni«hm<;nt, to
niiv one who cliooao t'> bosiovv upon tho mptliod of prosecutinji
thrrn n few ininiitPH calm ri-tJHCtion, ns hf rj.ioforo conducted. To
Ken hundrcda of those v ho call thcnisolvpifj fiBhoritipn collected
in groups upon ihi! Uonch ofOrow Marlioiir atu! Vn\ Islam!, svitli
n d7p net in oii« hand and a Unttlo of Greg in th« other, may wpII
nfli>rd tint inontiH of ridi'ule nnd rnt-rrimont to their inor« l'iuf;al
niul rnlcnlalmg iivah), nnd who with pqiial pocceiS, holdn the
plough, mows the m«adow, yifn tho IMackeroi, honks the Cod;
Jvrnitli provis'uns for Cdsli to JS'ora Sccliam, Piipplica foro'gn
markets with tho p.odncn of our Gulpha and Harbnurs, and
"miPhes," that NovnScotians ore 'Uair.atum lazyf'' or monitroua
f 'lipid. IIow long will our iSolons foster such ludicrous nrpiien
tor th« pxcrciHO ')t iheir amphibious nf)\\i\i\H ir's risible facullips,
and enrich their nation, wliile at ihe s-inic tiine, ihey prcduco
the most ruinous cotisequt'iiccri to tho Province, and must end in
heyt^ning thtiss who ns cnnBtitiitientg, placed their individual
dpstynies in their hands, nnd their ritfhts ag a nation. If they
do not know the fact, n is iime they did; That tho Americans arc
yeaily curing, and carry iiiy nway from cur very doors, lhousand.^
of INo. 1 Mackerel, iBken by the Hook nnd lino (which they call
jipizing) fromonboardof vesaeinuf from :jO to lOO Tons burthen,
(ind the most of which are caught to the North East of P. E.
Island, in tho months of August, September and October. Dur-
ing all thi.4 lime, »ind a month longer, our fLshcrmf .i are liaskinj,'
in the yun, reclining in tlie Shade or waiming thei,- toe»i in a hut
put up for the occas'on;— £/ri}(h:i«^ /»hh», (/itiC';!'., T'-'haccn, f,Dd
wondering that fnh is so scanc on dry land, while the shipping
which ou^ht to Uf. cnga(r«d as the Americans, aie safely moored
in Crow Harbour, Fox liiland or some neiuhboring creek with
Ihousiandsof good.s ui' which Americnn produce is not iho least
in quantity or in demand.- All exercisiuir the most exemplary
and praitfe worthy duties of a christian— /ai7/t andpa/i>JJce, wailin^;
Ihe stirring of thii Waters, and the nipping of fish in boat loads,
until November proclaims that iho fruits of Jailh wilhuut IVuvks
in the fisherioH, ar« barrels williout Jish and vessels uneinplflytdfer
ieant of fricghl, allhoug,k the CkarUr parlij must be paid.

I repent then, will tho liegislalurti any longer continue de»f
ttt I'jch ur.javory tidings; will they tuin apide trom btholding iho
impending rain that awaits such confusion nnd mismanngement.
Will 'riey net ratiior abandon a system, which by common con-

I ?jsaswg:

r

24

sent ., already condemned; and adopt such measurea a, are now
prachsod by the Amerwans with univrr.n! e.oces.s. Let l"w!

MarkorHl. Ilerno,. Al.wivo., Sh„d and Salmon, le, .^ , J
^rope.y m.,,e.,.d t.randed and Hus.ed a« the pr'esPnt aw d !
re« «, the bounty only recoverable on the first and Lcor.d 0^11./
«.ich H measure .s «ure to command success, if a correspond 4'
bounty wdl be given tu suitable crafts at so much per Ton Z
pro.ecutmg the Mackeral fi.h.ng «, the JimeH^ III Z'

The quantity of Fish rurod and branded in this Provlr.o.
hPtwe«n l8tSe,,t. IP.30 and the 1st S.,,t. 1831 is accorZL^.
Report furnished by the Ch.of I„sp«cto , as fol lol; "''"'^^'"" '''

Mdckeral
Herring*
Al«wiv«<
SaimoQ

No. t
2,507
4,815
7,036
338

1 -2
12

If

No. 2
19,550 1-2
346 IS
7,977
330

No. 5
17,795

(I

No. 4
1,100

(<

14,757 1.2 27,784

17,795

1,100

.»,«%V J .T.P'T ^Y *"'*' *» '"•'«*"'■« «« ' «"' advocating.
Bhould be adopted by the Legislature, and that the Ca»ch of Fish
*.ou Id prove a« successful, the amount required for the purnoaa
would only amount to about Three Thousand pounds Tearly-

Pf
No. 1 Mack'! 2,507 1-2 Bbb. at 1«. 6d. Bounty £ \U

S60 18

1

No. 1 Her'ng 4,312 1-2
*' 2 •' 846 1-2

No. I Alewives 7,036
i« 2 " 7,077

No. 1 Salmon 338 1-2
" 2 " 330

<(
((

I.
<(

iB. 6d.

Is.

la.

8d.
5»-
3.«.

(I

6
IQ

42

351

235 18
84 12
49 10

3
6
9
6
0
0
6
0

42,478 1-2 Bbis.
No.3 Mack'l 17,795
" 4 «' 1,100

•' 3 Salmon 316

.£2,289 13 ^

Total for 1831 61,689 1-2 Bbla. at 3d, for Insp'n 771 2 4
[Amount carried forward ] £3 060 \i [Q

n« arfi now
Let Laws
0 '^nf'.h of
t 'lif^m be
■nt /aw rii-
nd qiinlity'j
esfiondinjf
r Ton, for
iv do.

Provirio«
cordinfT to

No. 4

1,100
<<

((

<(

1,100

vocnting,

:ljofFish

purpose

Tearljr —

« 1 3

6 JO 6

0 18 9
2 6 6

1 IG 0
5 18 0
4 12 6
9 10 0

9 13 e

1 2 4
) 1» 10

25

[Amount brought forward.]
Total for 1831,61,689 1-2 Bbls. at 3d. for Inspec'o 771 2 4

£3,C60 16 10
Amnnnt of duties relinquislud for articles import-
• ed for the fisheries during tlie same period is 4,688 6 0

Leaving a balance of jE 1,627 10 I

Say fifty vessels employed catching IMac!{«ral on
the American system, at an average of 50 tons
each, and Ss. per ton G25 0 0

de902 10 I
which still leave sufficient fund* to pay the bounty upon I2,05fi
Bbls. of No. 1, either of Mackeral or Herring, without taking
one shilling out of the ordinary revenue of the country.

The short trial the country has had of the proaent law rpspect-
ing pickled fish, fully satisfy the public; of its utility, by the evi-
dent improvement of the quality, although a general cry has
been raised against the sum required for inspecting each barrel,
find the m«de of paying it. It jilso proves that the Inspector
ought to bfl paid out of a general fund; for in many inst.onces the
Inspectors are dependant on those very people who have the
greatest quantity of fish to inspect; such dop^ndance niuy at
limes perhaps influence their judgment, so as to brand the quality
a grade better, and thereby impose upon tho consumer. Such
Inspectors also are very apt to supersede the more conscientious
ones, flfi it naturally lollows that those who make the greater num-
ber of No. 1, out of a cargo are the most likely to be employed
especially if there is a chanco of his taking goods for hie leea
instead of Cash, and which his dcpondance presumes.

The fifteen hundred pounds that are annually thrown away on
Militia Musters^ might perhaps with equal propriety :u)d advan-
tage to the Province, for one year at least, be appropriated to tho
erecting of Sheds and other conveniencies on tho best fishing
stations for the accomodations of those who cure Herrings.
That such edifices as will screen the fish from the scorching rava
of a July sun are wanted, and that the scarcity of No. 1 Heirin-'s
Hre entirely attributed to the want of them, I am creditably in-
tnrnied, by those who are experienced fishern)en, nod wiio have
suffered by not having them; being convinced that Herrin^'t*
ought not to be put iri water of any kind, not even piclcle, uiuil
properly struck with salt. It is impossible, thercft.re, to keep
them fresh and green, in such a warm eeascn, without brinij

r.

26

protected from the bi n, and which oniy can be done by building
shades for the purpoiip. Great care also should be observed in'
nnking tlic harrch nf prnpnr wood, and so close as to hold in
the first pickle, ii-hi:li alnne cure the fish, ns may be learned hy
reference to the following extract, taken from a number of lh«
Edinburgh Masazine of 1819. The writer treating of (ho laws
by which the Dutch govern their fisheries, states that, " tho
moment the Tl'^'.r'-lngs are laid upon the deck, they are strewed
over with salt, the gills and gut are taken out by an incisior»
made by a knife instead of the fingers, as ia the custom with us.
The using the knilo is the preferable way, as the great blood
vessels of the heart are laid open, and a concideiable quantity
of blood is discharged. By this means 'ho Dutch Herrings are
much whiter than the British, being sc^cured fcom blacknes.*
occasioned by (he cooguUtion of blood. They never take more
Herrings on board in the morning than they think they are able
to cure about the going down oftiie sun. If any should remain
uflcr that period, the Master is obliged to throw them overboard.'

'« The master of the Bus<«, maketh oath that ho will separate
tho Herrings taken in one night, from those taken in another,
and that he shall notify in the list of the marked barrels, on whni
night each were taken, under the penalty of forfeiting the ship
and cargo. He roust not fill up the barrels more than once with
pressed Herrings, taking special care that they are laid even in
the layers fronUhe bottom to the top, always taking care that
none of the bloody pickle be spill "

" Every 12 barrels of Herrings to have 4 barrels of Salt, and
the Herrings to bo well gutted and properly laid in the barrels
under the penalty of 300 Guilder."

" No Herrings shall be repacked and sent abroad, before the
Cure Master haa inspected them, and ascertained that they are
properly packed. The Cure Master may order (he barrels twice
for inspection, and at each liino to rer.eivg half a farthing for
each barrel, one half to be paid by the buyer, and tho other by
the seller.'*

From these regulation.? and a host of others, we may see that
the Dutch Government considered the Herring fishery as a trad*
of great importance to the S(aie; it was not left to the manage-
ment of a few ignorant individuals, but made a national concern,
and to (hid may be altributed their extraordinary success. By
thuir success also we may learn, that a community, however poor,
when their otiention is turned to any one useful undetlaking,

27

aided and awi-ted by Gov«rnmenl, *rii|, by prudftuca and per..-

fZ n , I r ^"'''""^«b'f ' and consoquenlly respected. That
the Dutch hav8 raised themselves in(o\ nation iL ronim md!
respect ornong Europer.n Fofon.«ces. tiu-i. p.c.nr pos.lionTmptv
proves; when with a degree ofcoLfideuoc, vn^h [,;s, oaks n^we^
nnd ladependenco, we «e« them put on ^he ar2t « 'd.fia oe
T n" united efforts of the most powerful combin«tion that
h« world could devise to mtimidate them, we may naturallv
nfer that they are rich and independcnl; and if thty have th «
hecome respectable at home, and formidable abroad by pro ^
cutmg a trade that required them to leave their hordes Won
nonths m each year, and live nt sea hundreds o ea^es fVom
their houses, how much more so may this Province Kmes?
posse..mg every advantage which nature could confer to nVkJ

Besr;ef;;;t:th:'"H'"'''"'^',""' .ndependaot as TnaTion
ful, mniro , . f .h ' m"''' "'"^ protection of the most power-
ul J nip, 0 thai the world ever product^d, to encourafie our com-
merce abroad, and eiiiold us from lie aa^ression of aIL;
r-ghbours. It IS ou. fault, then, and ou?'Yo "if to alTow h"
pn.o to escape which is placed within our reach on Tucb .dvln
ta,jeous terms thai nothing but crmmal ij^norance o ts wortS
^str/dXtT '-' ""' ^*" ""'^ --^ry's prospenVrc^ti

Thnt no Colony belonging to the British Empire nossessM
more natural resourcns which indicate the germ7o 7rea ne-s
as do this Province and at no distant period^hat it m^ust rise to
consequence, is obvious to any person who chooses to ennui o
mto the nature of its capabilities. Possessmir an extent n<-sl«

l7l:'rr' '""1"^ "'''' «^ ext.nt-!ini,"ed ': th innu
me able Harbours and Bays, swarming with every varie.y of
ImsN and studded m every direction with quarries of GypTum
and Freestone of the first quality-the incalculable exSan^
.ch«« ol Its Mines and Minerals, affording the means of an ev-
tensive revenue from the exportation of r\w Mater als* and a
soil which yields an average of twenty returns by t ,e rudest
manner of cultivation, together with the astonishing fac that the
Province contained in 1827, cultivated acres of land 1 292 009
vhen at the same time the Inhabitants amounted only to 1«3 8^'
ndividuals, leaving 10 1-4 acres of cultivated land to each Inha-
h.tarit, which together with the peculiar benefits it derives from ',
geographical and political relation to Great Bntam, the StVtes and
tKC«_nad.«, and the manifold advantage, it posCos oteMhc

* S«« Apptndix C.

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Utter owing to its proximity to tho West Indies and Meditcrra-
ucni), with which it can trndu at all seasons of tho year, are a
connatination of happy circumslancns, as seldom fall to liio
lot of any onr State, much less a Province. If therefore there
Ih any possibility of this Province rernainino in its present nn-
propitious stata'as regards the Fisheries and Ao;ripulture, the
Jiiull is entirely our'n, for its natural and political advantat.e8
are so palpably developed and so evidently flattering, as to leave
IIS not the shadow of nn excuse, if we fail in turning to good
account (hose inestimable treasurej.

APPENDIX A.

Tha fallowing Letter appeared in the l»ictouOb«enrer of February th«
8ih., 1832, which is considered ccnslusive upon thia point.
To the Hen. the House oj Jlstemhly, in Gen. Sessions now convened:

Ge:itlemen,— Since Nova Scotia became the undisputed
Colony of Great Britain, by the Treaty of 1763, no event arising
oi:t of the prero^-atives of the Ciown has occured, which involves
more aerious covisequenres to its inhabitants, than ihat of leasing
the Mines of the Province to Rui.dell, Bridge &. Rundell, for
the term of Sixty Years. _ . . , ,

V»ith yco, who I presume are individually acquamled with the
theo'.y and practice of politicai economy, it is useless to expa nle
or declaim on the pernicious effects of all monopolies: you so
who are acquainted with tho rapid advancement of the m^ u-
facturing towna of Great Britain must know, that the un-
precedented irrowlh and iiiduHtry of Glasgow, Manchester
Leeda and Birmingham, is entirely to be attributed to the mineral
productions of their soil. It therefore requires no extraordinary
etforta of political vision to discern, that this act of Kingly power
is alike subversive of Colonial |iro8perity and British freedom.

That the prosperity of a country must be retarded in the same
proportion that its capabiiitiea are sealed or tramelled by exclu-
sive privileges, is an axiom in political economy, ratified by tha
experience of every country and a^e of the world. If the
Legislature therefore, allows these articles to be engrossed by
11 responsible monopolies, they tacitly make over the very vitals
of the commerce and manufactures of their country to the caprice
and oupiditv of a «et of pawnbrokers in Loadon, who with be-

29

Nova Sc<>lian3,ana a.otnt« to in^ paramount necewity,

.vhwh Nr^tn.n i..M>5^-:!;^; , ,^^?;.,„,' „,one. enter* l.^«e!y
m.a .-vpry .o.ru'^M' '^■•"""•^; '';,;■ Urn V ram.lv,. ---(M-^"*''.^ '" "

Ihnt .nasi »^^«^^^''['I^ "^■'"i^'Xcial.on .xe.c>.t^:' ov.r .»..< a-l- .-,

ia of itself a «"utler «. no ;'^;:'' ,,,^d ,his esd^.^'ve ..fjln is
principle unnnvvh.ch tW bav« «^^ '' ^^^ „,,,,.e. a ch.-.H.tcr
taken int.. the scale, ^''« ^^^^^^ ;'^,e8; ««p=»rale and apart from
fraught With inomenluouB c«"««J«"" j^' .^'„„ ,h, no.na.ol value

of the arliclu. U then mvolv.« th . ^ , „^ ,,„«„,« w..h

has a right to exerc,.e a Po- ,^^^„^, „,,, ,,,,

the acknowledge*' right ot ii.t<

local affairs. . ^,^,y .oMntry ia regobinil by

That the valao of rea ^«^^^ ^,.^i,,.„ r,,,,e. „v.. «..«..!«<-

tb« state of l>r'>^i'«^''y :^^ rplatn a iact t. r.qu,... ilh.^t."'"'"^
,,rc3 r.na ooanvierce, .«<-'> >''«",, compet:r..>r. m trade, !>a
Every oh..roctuMVth«re o e t « '.^ ^ valuoofthe soil, a.w.l.
a direct and Vr^^^^^'f^^'^^^.^t opoa the .,int o. .nv.ot.on
aa a benamb.ng f'^ '^'^ '' '^f ^ .^.j r..r only uhere co.nauxM.l

;n..erpri=e .nd '^'''«'"^"*^'r"H t e It therefore folio.-., that
of good laiv8 and ^^'=**;- '"*;'''' ^e^^^^^^^ Mininj? Association ib a
the'monopoly ^-'J^-^^^^^^y,'^;. 01 h country fthat .it depresses
dead weight on the p"^'^'^.* "' „,^ ^^me tune it increase* he
tlv'value'of real --t^'J ; "\ I ^ "ve; may be said of n«l^s
value of the nece«sar.e»of I 0^ ^ ;^ ^^,„rge than lud.-

secured to u. by the Br. i.h ^onBt'i^'^ , A.s»e-iation

Tr 1 to talk of them, a« on, us the G- ^^ ,^,,,J,^^. fabr.c ..
tv.ll retain their present po v • * ",^,,^.,,.,,,„,H,nt.. of a.b.trary
a buttress of defence «|?" ".^^\ ^f,,^^aiiy admitted. It .9 how-
;ower, is a proposit.on that a "" - - j^^ „,, ,, ,, ,f .iself an
Uer the he.ght of f^ " fj > °i',,,,^s and the injurious exten-
■.mnrejinable barrier between civil r „ ^ ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^f

Zr^i monarch.al P^*-^'"^;"-^- ,. iJ' .^ts own p.-«on or tho.e

'ecunty to protect the -^^^^^ Z^\e. of logmmate right.,

of his representatives, he hii^^ " j, p ^.i .^ subjects a« the

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30
4ib«rtie« from the Law* of Nova Scotia, m Englbhiiwo h«r. from
ihow of England. How far tbo comparison hold, good .s a
nroblera of easy Bolutiw as regard, the m.neral product.oiui of
both countriea. lo England th«re is 1,0 monopoly of these, ho
exclusive privilege* in favour of stock jobbers. The trade is as
open as any other for capitali«ta to engage in. 1 he reverse of
Jlthia is the case in Nova Scotia. And to whom are these
conceaaions made? To men who are living • ut of the country
who mav just be regarded as foreigners, having no other objact
but that of hoarding i>elf exacted from the inhab.tantB, under
the most onerous and unfair conditions that ever disgraced the

tTansBctiona of usurious Jews. Fn«l«nd

If in tha nineteenth century, .t was possible to find in England

a Kinff and Ministry eoj void of common sense and reckless ot

the people's rights, aa to suggest the idea of sieziog "?"« «"y

aupposed source of wealth with a view to appropriate it to the

TxcLive benefit of the crown, let alone a Cmpany of pn^ale

ir.dm<iua/», would not the united voice of the people and the r

repre-entalives rend the air-make the th. one trernbia to .s

centre with the universal cries of " privilege! privilege! liberty!

liberty ! and freewiwi's rights !"

APPENDIX B.
F'om thaPict.u Obierver, of 26lh. S«ptombor 1982.
To the Freeholders of the County of Cape Breton.
Gentlemen -The Imperial Pa.hamentof Great Britain has
c«Se tothe ir revcable conclusion, thatJSTova Scelia .nust support
ToVr^ZiUstablishnent. This arrangement, unaer ordinary c-
^umrances would be a judicious, just, and wise policy, and a. it
ts m?y eventuallv turn out to the benefit of the Colony providing
^'ch a proceeding will be met by Nova Scotians, m that enlighten-
ed spfruXh w?ll coavir.ce the Ministry, that while the preroga-
Tivea • the Crown will he duly respected, their own constituticMia
iighu will be manfully asserted, «nd ^^^^'^ ,'«.«'"^*!"*^'l,v,.,y;"
Reoresentatives in Legislative Assembly, being the 1 nbunal
«S?- to decide what these prerogatives are, as well as ihe
TrBan though which your rights must be asserted ought of rje-
Sv to powess sufficient political knowledge to discriminate.

ZtVnT:po.er of actin"; and »»>« .t^. «/ -Xr'w"
«i,«««,lpaapd oreroaat ve, but one which like all others, was
iverTn ended Ke enf«rc«d but for the general interests ol the
ttJl TeJer therefore there was a period which required
L^'talent d sirresiedness and independence than another,
Z aoD oachinr8e«i«>n"f ♦he General Assembly is that period^
SaehTuie imLtance, in mv estimation, of the subjects which
t^^t^^Z^^oH^ Ufofe them, Ibat every County and

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Towiiphip ^vhich h83 the privilege of r»tiM^ii»g member., ouohi
iroracdiateJy to petition the Executive for a dissolution of *h«
House, in order to afford them an opportunity of returning such
only as would act in the spirit of the following resohiliona which
should \n my humble opinion be univettBJIv entered into Th»
now altered circumstances of the Colony 'imperatively d^maad
such a course.

lb». that it is i.jconflistent with, arwi subversive of the con«tittt.
tional rights and liberties secured to all British Colonies possew-
mg Leg.jiulures., thai any Individual or body of Individuals
should be thrust upon the Colony to monopolize and exercise
uncontrouled dominion over the natural production* of the soil
without their knowledge, approbation or consent. '

2d. That the commodities engrossed by the General Minine
association, comprise the necessaries of life, the very sinews of
commerce and manufactures, the most successful meana of
acquiring national wealth and prosperity, as well as iho surest
source for yielding the greatest amount of Revenue to the Coun-
try and productive labour to its Inhabitants.

3d. that in order to secure to ourselves and posterity our riflbts
as Frcmen and British subjacls, and likewise the means of pros-
perity to our Country, we will endeavour to get the iniquUoua
monopoly of the General Mining Association cancelled, and th«
mineral productions of our Country placed under the conlroul of
the local Legislature.

APPENDIX C.

Fr«m the Pictou Observer of 2«th. Sepi'r., 1832.
To the Frtcholders of the County of Cape Breton.
Gkntx.emen.--1 hat the Coal Mines of Nova Scotia alone
constitute the most lucrative source of revenuo which the Pro-*
vince Qoes or possibly can enjoy, ia so clearly established by tha
following facts, that any person possessing sense enough to count
his own fingers may satisfy himself a, to its correctness. The

JV?hl i'lr' '"tv ''^ ^^'^^'T ^''Pi'^^"'''' "o"' known by the name
of the Albion Mines, were leased by Adam Carr, Esquire, from
George bm.th and V\,lliam Liddell, Esquires in J 820. The
following were two of the conditions enjoined by that lease, viz.:
» That he the said Adam Carr, his Executors, Administrator.^
and Assigns will pay at the office of the Secretary of th» Province
quarterly and every quarter, Anxmg the continuance of his said
term for the Mu.e onlho West aide of the River on McKay's
grant, the sum of Sixty -five pounds currency, and will at the end
ol each year, pay at the same place, the further aum of Three

R.llhlf ^"\:^";'>'' ''"f •^«<^»'' «"*! every chaldron of Thirty-six
Bushels each, above the quantity of Fourteen Hundred Chaldron.

<;

mtno

Lidfif'jl, thvir h«ir«, iixeSHW*, h'jT)ifift.tf}sfors, 'Jla^as'^fj;r;3, that
♦heaiPtl Atl^fhVGqrr. wili ^ir.y (\'r,irtir\y , unto (ho t^d'ul George"
Sniilii find \ViniBfn*Ii!fl'iel!, oiu; •Uiillinjj >ii«(] eigli! w'^n<'o cutft-ncy
|)'T I hiildron, f.»r >ncli hikI pvjtv yhaldrun bo inuj^dig (r(m^ Iho
uMitl |iii, iiihI f-rNvhifl) tli»; said duly is to Ite pnidn^ aforo^aid,'*
Thtis yon AVdl pcrcpjv*!, llirtt ilui fili'mer liesaeo, fmM^ a' tax of
five Hliillin(>3 Hnd fiv« pnnca |)*'r cliiildron, for Hie "Jjt' "foflrtcen
hundred clinldroiiH </«"• in puch year, nnd fonr MJIiiigs and
eight |)enc« per chnldron, (or ihe residue, a hunh'^rirW^i-.h it is
uvidenlfilT.ould bear, from thn notorious f»vA, that'TVlr. Cnrr
acciiaiulntod a cnmfortnbl'e independence, while he sold the
roali) ai iho y/t^ry prieo now ri)>irged by ihe Comp-iny »t Jhe Pits!!
The rxportnlion of CojiIh H» Sydney for the month endin<; ihH
3l.«t Augo.-it In^t, vvn« 6,200 chaldrons, which I presume will be
a prettv coriect guide to a!«certatn the qaantity exported for the
present year, Chal.

nay Hix (Month's in Summer at Sydney 6,200 Chals.

per month, . ' . . 37,200

Six Months in Winter at Sydney, 3,100 -chals. per

month, . . 18,600

Six months in Summer at Pictou 4,000 chals. per

month, . ■ . . 24,000

Six Months in Winter at Pictou 1,500 chals. per

month, . . . . 9,000

Making a total of
which at the 43. 8d. per chaldron amounts to
The Company now pay annually

88 80O

£18,970, 0, 0

3,333 13 4

Leaving n Balance due th*» Province of £ 15,636, 6, 8

Here tljen you will observe ia a plain calculation, founded upon
their own admissions, and which 1 feel confident is not exagger-
ated, atu! wb'<'b aHniits ofboinj rnuittplifd at least tenfold before
tho'«xpi.-.i!ion •>( tbc !.en<e, .•Hid vviii(b at th-H limf* will amount to
the Htnaziofi sorrnf £ ioO.OOOpei iniiiiim i n^-k vnu th'srefore,
will you I't; the oitive in.*n loMenU; nC'ea ifijr '•'•:» t/omps^ny's mono-
poly and your own and Country's oppression ?

TBS ISHB.

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flnui and
l;«P'iam .•^"

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