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CHECBfeidJO^:

I« 66minair» de QirfbeoJ
3<o/ue de I'UnlTOnii*,
Qu4b«c4, Qigj '

BRITISH COLUMBIA BIRDS

BY

JOHN FANNIN, CURATOR PROVINHIAL MUSEUM. VICTORIA, B. C.

Associate Member American Ornithologists' Union.

September, 1891.

/''

/

VICTORIA, B. C. :

Printed by Richard WoiiFBNDEN, Printer to the Queen's
Most Excellent Majesty.

IHI

1

///

^rt^

CHECK LIS!

Of

BRITISH COLUMBIA BlfiDS

BT

JOHN FAMHIN. CURATOR PROVINCIAL MUSEUM. VICTORIA. B. C.

AB,ociaU Mmb^ ^«»enc«n OmithologUU' Union.

Sbptembbb, 1891.

V-; --'-

VICTOKIA, B. C. :

n . .^ h, RICHARD WOLFKNDBH, Prif tO th. QuMn',

Prlntwi by Richam g^^^Hg^jt Majesty.

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PREFACE.

In presenting this list of British Columbia Birds, I am
fully aware of its incompleteness, and regret very much its
lack of more definite information respecting certain species.
The difficulties in the way of procuring reliable data con-
cerning the birds of this Province are very great. British
Columbia is a country of "magnificent distances" — a
country where the modes of travel are slow and expensive
compared with other portions of the Dominion— a country
where " distribution " is a problem in itself ; so much so,
that to obtain specimens of all our birds one must travel
the entire length and breadth of the Province. The
Cascade Mountains form an absolute barrier to many
species, east and west. The Gulf of Georgia shuts oflF
other species from Vancouver Island, the west coast of
which is the habitat of others which are strangers to the
waters separating the Island from the Mainland; and
throughout the Province there occur other lines, purely
imaginary, over which certain species never pass.

The labour of collecting together the material for this
list has, however, been greatly lightened by the co-operation
of the following personal friends, who, occupying widely
separated portions of the Province, have furnished me with
valuable notes concerning the birds of their respective dis-
tricts; and to these I now ofi'er my sincere thanks for their
kind assistance : —

To Mr. W. B. Anderson, of Fort Simpson and Comox ;
Mr. James Porter, of Dease Lake, Cassiar ; Capt. and Miss
Cox, of Cape Beale Light House ; Mr. Allen C. Brooks, of
Chilliwhack ; Mr. R. V. Grifi-en, of Similkameen ; the late
Mr. Geo. Hyde, of Beaver Pass, Cariboo ; and Mr. H. W.
Harvey, of Clinton.

iv.

Pbbp^jb.

In the present arrangement the Province i8 divided into
four sections, designated as follows :—

Ut. "The Coast," or "Coast Line of the Provmce, re-
forrinir to species strictly maritime ;

2nd "West of the Cascades," meaning .« the country

west of the Cascade Mountains ;

3rd " East of the Cascades," meaning the dry, open

country immediately east of the Cascade Mou^tams ; and
. «h "The Rocky Mountain District," -".oh tak- -

the wooded country beyond and reaching to the Rocky

Mountains. ..,

The physical features of these divisions, together w th a
table showing temperature, precipitation, &c., will

found in the Appendix.

However unsatisfactory the present hst may appear to
some if it serves to awaken an interest in our feathered
friends and stimulate further and -re careful re-^
as to their distribution, habits, &c., the effort will not be
altogether a barren one.

JOHN FANNIN,

Curator Provincial Museum.

Victoria, B. C,

September, 1891.

INDEX.

Pag*.

A.

Allen's Humming-bird

Alpine Three-toed Woodpecker 28

American Bittern

„ Black Tern ^

Coot ^^

Crossbill 34

42
I>ippei-

Eared Grebe

11
„ Golden-eye ^ *

„ Golden Plover ^^

Goldfinch ^^

Hawk Owl 26

„ Herring Gull *

Long-eared Owl 25

Magpie •^^

„ Merganser °

„ Osprey ••• 25

Pine Grosbeak •**

',', Pipit *2

„ Redstart ^2

„ Rough-legged Hawk 23

Scaup Duck 1^

„ Scoter ^^

„ Sparrow-hawk 25

„ Widgeor ^

„ White-fronted Goose 12

White Pelican 7

3

Ancient Murrelet

Arctic Tern

Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker 28

Arkansas Kingbird

Audubon's Warbler

yj^ Index.

PagA.

B.

Bachelder's Woodpecker

Baird's Sandpiper

Bald Eagle ^

Band-tailed Pigeon

Barn Swallow

Barrow's Golden-eye

Belted Kingfisher

Black-bellied Plover J

Black Brant

Black-chinned Humming-bird ^^

Black-footed Albatross

Black headed Grossbeak ^^

32

Black-headed Jay

Black Merlin

Black Oyster-catcher •

Black-throated Gray Warbler ^^

Black-throated Loon

Black Turnstone

Black Swift ^l

Blue-winged Teal

Bonaparte's Gull

Bohemian Waxwing

Brewer's Blackbird

Brewer's Sparrow

Buff-breasted Sandpiper ^^

Buffle-head ^

Bullock Oriole ^^

26
Burrowing Owl

° 18

Cackling Goose

California Brown Pelican '

Creeper

Crow ^^

27
„ Cuckoo

„ Gull J

„ Murre

tete

28
16
24
21
38
11
27
18
13
30
6
38
32
24
19
41
, 2
19
. 29
. 9
. 6
. 39
. 34
. 36
. 18
. 11
. 33
. 26

. 13

. 7
.. 43
.. 33
..27
. . 5
.. 4

Ikdbx. vii

California Partridge 20

Purple Finch 34

„ Vulture 22

Calliope Humming bird 30

Canada Goose 12

Canadian Ruffed Grouse 20

Canvas-back 10

Carolina Rail 15

Oassin's Auklet 3

„ Purple Finch 84

„ Vireo 40

Catbird 42

Cedar Bird 89

Chesnut-backed Chickadee , 44

Cinnamon Solitary Sandpiper 17

Cinnamon Teal 9

Clark's Grebe 1

Clarke's Nutcracker 83

Cliff Swallow 38

Columbia Sharp-tailed Grouse 21

Cooper's Hawk 23

Cor/bird 33

D.

Downy Woodpecker 27

Dtick Ha^wk 24

Dusky Horned Lark 3S

Dusky Horned Owl 2]6

Dwarf Hermit Thrush ;46

E.

tetening Grosbeak -84

P.

]?licker 2fl

Forbush's Finch 37

Fork-tailed Petrel 7

Franklin Grouse 20

5^aiiklin?s G^ill jB

Index.

vui.

Page.

<*■ 9

Gadwall 28

Gairdner's Woodpecker 36

Gambel's Sparrow " " ' 4

Glaucus-winged Gull 23

Golden Eagle 36

Golden-crowned Sparrow • • ' " ' gg

Gray-crowned Finch 34

Gray-crowned Leucosticte '//...,. 30

Gray Kingbird ' 2O

Gray Ruffed Grouse " ^4

Great Blue Heron ' " 25

Great Gray Owl " " ' 17

Greater Yellow-legs " ' " " 9

Green-winged Teal ... 41

Grinnel's Water Thrush ."........ 20

Grouse 4

Gulls

31

Hammond's Flycatcher • ' • ^^

Harlequin Duck ' 27

Harris's Woodpecker ' " ' " " g

Heermann's Gull 35

Hepburn's Leucosticte ' " ' ' 4^

Hermit Warbler * " i

Holboell's Grebe ' g

Hooded Merganser 1

Horned Grebe 18

Hudsonian Curlew " " ' " 12

Hutchin's Goose

^' 36

Intermediate Sparrow \...... *

Ivory Gull

^- 26

Kennicott's Screech Owl ',,..... 30

Kingbird ' " '

i

King

Kild(
Knot

Lapl

Lazu

Leac

Leafi

Less

Less

Lew

Lin(

Litt

Liti

Lor

Lor

Lor

Loi

Lo(

v

Lo
Lu

M
M
M
M

M

M

Page-

. 9
. 28
. 36
. 4

. 23

. 36
, . 35
. . 34
. . 30
. . 20
.. 14
.. 25
.. 17

.. 9

..41
...20
... 4

...31

...11

...27

. .. 5
. ... 35
. ... 41
.... 1
.... 8
.... 1
.... 18
.... 12

36

4

26

30

Index. ^^•

Page.

.... 30
Kingbird, Arkansas ^^

C^ray ^g

Kildeer Plover

Knot

L.

.... 35
Lapland Longspur

Lazuli Bunting ^

Leach's Petrel - »

, . lb

Least Sandpiper • • "

Lesser Scaup Duck

Lesser Snow Goose ^^

Lewis's Woodpecker

Lincoln's Sparrow

Little Brown Crane ^^

Little Flycatcher ^g

Long-billed Curlew ^^

Long-billed Dowitcher ^^

Long-tailed Chickadee

Long-tailed Duck ^

Loon 2

„ Black-throated

L

„ Pacific 2

„ Red throated ^g

Louisiana Tanager ^^

Lutescent Warbler

M.

... 41
Macgillivray's W arbler ^^

Macown's Longspur g

Mallard y^

Marbled Godwit ^

Marbled Murrelet 22

Marsh Hawk ^g

Mountain Bluebird ^^

„ Chickadee „

„ Partridge

X, Index.

Page.

22
Mourning Dove

Myrtle Warbler ^^

N.

Nighthawk ^^

Norther's Hairy Woodpecker ^'

-IE

„ Phalarope

„ Raven ^^

Shrike : ^^

Northwest Crow ^^

Northwestern Flicker 29

o.

Old Squaw 11

Olive-sided Flycatcher ^1

Orange-crowned Warbler ^^

Oregon Chickadee "**

„ J-y ''

„ Junco ^'

„ Ruffed Grouse 20

„ Towhee 38

Owls 25

P.

Pacific Fulmar "

Pacific Loon 2

Pallas's Gull *

Pallid Horned Lark 32

Parkman's Wren 4:3

Passenger Pigeon 22

Peale's Falcon 24

Pectoral Sandpiper 1^

Pied-billed Grebe 2

Pigeon Guillemot 3

Pigeon Hawk 24

Pigeons 21

Pileated Woodpecker 28

Pileolated Warbler 42

Pine Siskin 35

Page.

. 22
. 40

. 29
. 27
. 15
. 32
. 39
. 33
. 29

. . 11

. . 31

. . 40

. . 44

. . 32

.. 37

. . 20

. . 38

.. 25

.. 6

.. 2

.. 4

. . 32

..43

.. 22

...24

. .. IG

... 2

... 3

...24

...21

...28

...42

...35

Index. ^^•

Page.

9

Pintail , ^

Plumbeous Vireo

Pochard _ .

Prairis Falcon

Purple Martin

Pygmy Nuthatch

Pygmy Owl

R.

, ^ J . 16

Red-backed Sandpiper ^^

Red-breasted Hawk " ^

,, Merganser ^^

,, Nuthatch ^^

Sapsucker ^^

Red-eyed Vireo ^g

Red-naped Sapsucker ^^

Red Phalarope ^^

Redhead ok

Redpoll .^g

Red-shafted Flicker ^

Red-throated Loon ^^

Red-winged Blackbird ^^

Richardson's Grouse ^5

Richardson's Merlin ^

Ring-billed Gull ^^

Ring-necked Duck ^j

Rock Ptarmigan ^2

Rock Wren 2^

Rocky Mountain Junco ^^

Ross's Snow Goose ^^

Rough-winged Swallow ^^

Ruby-crownr-1 Kinglet ^^

Ruddy Duck 2^

Rufous Humming-bird ^^

Russet-bacl d Thrush ^^

Rusty Song Sparrow

I

xii. Index.

Page.

s.

Sage Grouse ^^

Sanderling ^'

Sandhill Crane 1^

Sandwich Sparrow 3"

Saw-whet Owl 25

Say's Phoebe 31

Semipalmated Plover 19

„ Sardpiper 17

Sharp-shinned Hawk 22

Short-billed Gull 5

Short-eared Owl 25

Short-tailed Albatross 6

Shoveller 9

Slate-coloured Junco 36

Slender-billed Nuthatch 43

Snowflake 35

Snowy Heron 14

Snowy Owl 26

Solitary Sandpiper 17

Sooty Grouse 20

Sooty Song Sparrow 37

Spotted Sandpiper 18

Spurred Towhee 37

Streaked Horned Lark 32

Steller's Jay 32

Surf Bird 19

Surf Scoter 12

Swainson's Hawk 23

T.

Trail's Flycatcher 31

Townsend's Solitaire 44

„ Sparrow 37

„ Warbler 41

Trumpeter Swan 13

Tufted Puffin 3

i

I >

1

Page.

. 21

. 17
. 15
. 36
25
. 31
. 19
. 17
. 22
. 5
. 25
. 6
. 9
. 36
, . 43
. . 35
. . 14
. . 26
. . 17
. . 20
. . 37
. . 18
.. 37
. . 32
.. 32
.. 19
. . 12
.. 23

. . 31

. . 44

. . 37

...41

...13

• • • o

Index. xiii.

Page.

Tulo Wren 43

Turkey Vulture • 22

Turnstone '•^

V.

Varied Thrush ^^

Vaux's Swift 30

Vesper Sparrow 35

Vigor's Wren ^^

Violet-green Cormorant 7

Violet-green Swallow 39

Vireos 39

Virginia Rail ^^

w.

Wandering Tatler 18

Warbling Vireo 39

Western Bluebird ^^

„ Chipping Sparrow 36

„ Flycatcher 31

„ Golden-crowned Kinglet 44

„ Goshawk 23

„ Grebe 1

„ GuL' 4

Horned Owl 26

„ Meadow Lark 33

„ Nighthawk 29

„ Red-tailed Hawk 23

„ Robin 45

„ Sandpiper 1 '

„ Savannah Sparrow 36

,, Tree Sparrow 36

„ Vesper Sparrow 35

„ Warbling Vireo 40

„ Winter Wren 43

„ Wood Pewee 31

„ Yellow-throat 42

„ Yellow Warbler 40

ii

Index.

XIV.

Page.

13

Whistling Swan gg

White-bellied Swallow ^g

White-cheeked Goose ^

White-crested Cormorant " ^^

White-faced Glossy Ibis ^g

White-headed Woodpecker " ' " ^^

White-rumped Shrike ^^

White-winged Crossbill ^,

White-winged Scoter ' ^^

White-tailed Ptarmigan " " ^g

Williamson's Sapsucker ^j

Willow Ptarmigan ^ ^^

Willow Thrush 16

Wilson's Phalarope ^g

Wilson's Snipe 10

Wood Duck 31

Wright's Flycatcher

Yellow-headed Blackbird ^^

Yellow- legs 40

Yellow Warbler

i

ii

Erratum. Mainland and

No. 6, page 2, breeds m the interior oi

Island.

Page.
. 13

. 38
. 13
. 7
. 14
. 28
, . 39
. . 34
. . 11
. . 21
. . 28
.. 21
.. 44
.. 16
.. 16
.. 10
...31

...33
...17
...40

inland and

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FalcoColumbarius Suckleyii

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CHECK LIST.

Order PYGOPODES. Diving Birds.

Suborder PODICIPEDES. Grebes.
Family PODICIPIDi33. Grebes.

1. Wostem Grebe.

(^chmophorus occidentalis.)

An abundant resident throughout the Province. Breeds
round the lakes of the interior of the Mainland. A winter
resident along the Coast, where, in some localities, such as
Ho,/e Sound and Burrard Inlet, it appears in great num-
bers.

(jEchuiophorus clarkii.)
Taken at Fort Simpson by W. B. Anderson. Probably
rare.

3. Holboell's Grebe.

" Red-necked Grebe." (Colymbus holbcellii.)

The Province at large; resident. I found it breeding
on many c f the lakes along the Cariboo road, above Clinton.
Have taken it on Harrison Lake in July. A winter resi-
dent along the Coast.

4. Homed Grebe.

(Colymbus auritus.)
A winter resident on the Coast. Breeds in the North.
I observed it throughout the Summer at Dease Lake.

2

Check List op

5. American Eared Grebe.

(Colymbus nigricollis calif ornicus.)

An abundunt resident. Winters on the Coast, Breeds
in the interior. Frequents Victoria harbour during the
winter months.

6. Pied-billed Grebe.

(Podilymbus podiceps.)

A resident, but not nearly so common as the two last
species. Breeds in the interior of the Mainland.

Suborder OEPPHI. Loons.

FAMILY URINATORID^. Loons.

7. Loon.

"Great Northern Diver." (Urinator imber.)

The Province at large ; an abundant resident. Breeds
both on the Island and Mainland ; nest on the margin of
lakes.

8. Black-throated Loon.

(Urinator arcticus.)

Taken at Burrard Ixdet, and at Dease Lake, Cassiar, by
James Porter. Not common.

9. Pacific Loon.

(Urinator pacificus.)

"Pacific Coast of North America, from Alaska to Lower
California." — Ridgway's Manual North American Birds.

10. Red- throated Loon.

(Urinator lunime.)

Two specimens taken off the mouth of Esquimalt har-
bour, January and March, 18^1. In mv excerience rare.

British Columbia Birds. 3

Family ALCID-ffl. Auks, Murres, and Puffins.

11. Tufted Puffin.

(Lunda cirrhata.)

Tolerably common along the coasts of the Island and
Mainland. Breeds on the idands of the Gulf.

Subfamily PHALERIN^. Auklets, Murrelets,
AND Guillemots.

12. Cassin's Auklet.

(Ptychoramphus aleuticus.)

«' Pacific Coast of North America, from Aleutian Islands
to Lower C8AiiormSi."—Eidgway's Manual of North Amer-
ican Birds.

13. Ancient Murrelet.

(Synthliboramphus antiquus.)

One specimen taken at Cape Beale, November, 1888, by
Capt. Cox, and presented to the Museum. Probably only
passing on its migrations along the West Coast of Van-
couver Island.

U. Marbled Murrelet.

(Brachyramphus marmoratus.)

An abundant resident along tne Coast. Breeds on Van-
couver Island, on some of the smaller islands of the Gulf,
and on the inlets of the Mainland. Frequents Victoria
harbour during the winter months, where it is sometimes
called the "Little Auk."

15. Pigeon Guillemot.

(Cepphus columba.)

An abundant resident, from Race Bocks to Alaska.
Breeds throughout its range ; eggs concealed in the crevices
of rocks or beneath overhanging rocks, indifferently close
to or far above the water.

4 Check List of

Subfamily ALCINw<E.
16. California Murre.

(Uria troile calif ornica.)

The same distribution as last species, but not near so
abundant. Appears to be more common during the winter
months in the neighbourhood of Vancouver Island.

Order LONGIPENNES. Long-winged

Swimmers.

Family LARID^. Gulls and Terns.

17. Ivory Gull.

(Gavia alba.)

One specimen taken at Dease Lake, Cassiar, by Jamss
Porter, Esq., Sept., 1889. Presented to the Museum.

18. Glacous-winged Gull.

(Larus glaucescens.)

An abundant resident. Breeds on some of the islands
of the Gulf; frequents our harbours during the winter
months ; one of our largest guils.

19. Western Gull.

(Larus occiden talis.)

A resident; very abundant on the Coast during the
winter months. I found it breeding in the Similkameen
Valley, but it probably also breeds on the Coast.

20. PaUas's Gull.

(Larus cachinnans.)
A winter resident along the Coast.

21. American Herring Gull.

(Larus argentatus smithsonianus.)

• ^^/^b""£^nt resident. Breeds on the Coast and inte-
nor of the Mainland. Frequents our harbours during the
winter months, A large, fine-looking gull ^

British Columbia Birls. 6

22. CaKfomia GuU.

(Larus calif ornicus.)

An abundant resident. Breeds in the interior. A win-
ter resident along the Coast, during which time it appears
in great numbers in our harbours. Much smaller than the
last species.

23. Ring-biUed GuU.

(Larus delawarensis.)

A winter resident on the Coast. Breeds in the interior,
especially to the northward. I found it on Dease Lako
during the summer.

24 Short-biUed GuU.

'« Mew gull." -(Larus brachyrhynchus.)

A winter resident on the Coast. During the fore part
of May of this year (1891) I saw quite a number on the
lakes in the Cariboo District, where it probably breeds,
though they may have been on their journey farther north.

25. Heermann's GuU.

(Larus heermanni.;

Not common, though they appear to remain here during
the summer. Four specimens (young of the year) were
taken the latter part of July, off the mouth of Esquimalt
harbour, by Dr. Hazell of this City.

26. Franklin's GuU.

(Larus franklinii.)
This gull may be found in the interior of the Mainland.

27. Bonaparte's GuU.

(Larus Philadelphia.)

Distributed throughout the length and breadth of the
Province. An abundant resident, appearing in great num-
bers on the rivers of the Mainland during the olachan
season (March and April). Bummers in the interior.

^ Check List of

Subfamily STERNIN^.

28. Arctic Tern.

(Sterna paradisaea.)

Only recorded from Dease Lake, Cassiar, where one
specimen was taken by Mr. Jamec Porter and presented to
the Museum. It must, however, occur on the Coast, as it
reaches as far south as California.

29. American Black Tern.

(Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis.)
Observed at Burrard Inlet, January, 1882. J. P.

Order TUBINARES. Tube-nosed
Swimmers.

Family DIOMEDEID^. Albatrossies.
. 30. Black-footed Albatross.

(Diomedea nigripes.)

"From coast of California to Alaska. »_i?tW^w,ay'5 Man-
ual North American Birds. ^

I have no record of this bird, and conclude that it passes
along the west coast of Vancouver Island.

31. Short-taUed Albatross.

(Diomedea albatrus.)
Tolerably common both coasts of Vancouver Island. A

VrctoZhtrouf^'" ^'^ ^'''''' ^"^ ^^ ^^^ --^^0^

Family PROCELLABIID^. The Petrels.

32. Pacific Fulmar.

(Fulmarus glacialis glupischa.)

mI^"''"*' ^S'^f''' '?''^]' ^^''''^ American Coast to Western
Mexico. -R^dgwmfs Mcmua. of North Amtrkan Birda

36.

37.

38.

I.

British Columbia Birds.

where one
presented to
) Coast, as it

33. Forked-tailed Petrel.

(Oceanodroma furcata.)

A winter resident along both coasts of Vancouver Is-
land, but more abundant on the west coast. Have been
taken in Victoria Harbour.

34. Leach's Petrel.

(Oceanodroma leucorhoa.)
Confined to the west coast of Vancouver Island.

.~i

J. F.

nosed

S£S.

m Slender-billed Shearwater.

(PutUnus tenuirostris.)

T}?J'LTf''''^V^^? ?^ ^^^^'^ Head, 24th October, 1891.
Ill© tirst, to my knowledge, taken in the Province.

-J —

way's Man-
Bit it passes

Island. A
5 mouth of

RELS.

o Western
n Birds.

36. Violet-green Cormorant.

(Phalacrocorax pelagicus robustus.)

An abundant resident. Taken as far north as Fort
Simpson (W. B, Anderson.) Breeds on the islands cloae
to Sidney Island.

(Both these species are known here as Shags.)

Family PELECANID^. PEUCAiia.

37. American White Pehcan.

(Pelecanus erythrorhynchos.)

Not common. Said to breed in the Chilcotin country.
One specimen taken on Shuswap Lake, October, 1890, and
presented to the Museum by Col. Foster.

38. Oahfomia Brown Pelican.

(Pelecanus californicus.)

Not common. One specimen taken at the mouth of
Fraaer River ''J. G. Hufrhes. Nov.. 1880V and in Sentember

PI

Check List of
Subfamily STERNIN^.
^8- Arctic Tern.

(Sterna paradisaea.)

Only recorded from Dease T^Vn n •
specimen was taken by Mr Tt^nl ^' P^''''^'"' ^^^""^ ^^e
the Museum. It mus^t WpvI ^''"^'' ^"^ Presented to
reaches as far soutras Ca?Sa. '""' °" ''^ ^°^«*' ^ ^^

29. American Black Tern.

(Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis.)
Observed at Burrarr^ t_i . -

34.

3S.

i

— «, "igripes.)

Jp.";rll?S" '' ^'^^"^-''-^idg-^ay^s Man.
'^^^^^^^^^^^ t^at it passes

31. Short-tailed Albatross.

(Diomedea albatrus.)

Tolerably common both coa«?tc5 nf V
few have been taken in tL Sf •? ^^"^^uver Island. A
Victoria harbour ^^'^''' ^"^ ^^ ^he mouth of

Family PROCELLARIID^. The Pexhkls.
32. Pacific Fulmar.

(Fulmarus glacialis glupischa.)

Van(
ally (

36. )

An
Simps
to Sid

(Bo

37. A

Not
One sp
present

38. Ca

Not
Fi'aser ;

111.

fj where one
I presented to
le Coast, as it

way's Man-
at it passes

sland. A
mouth of

ELS.

Western
J^irds,

British Columbia Birds. 7

33. Forked-tailed Petrel.

(Oceanodroma furcata.)
taken in Victoria Harbour. '*' "^^'^^ ^^^

34. Leach's Petrel.

(Oceanodroma leucorhoa.)
Confined to the west coast of Vancouver Island.

Order STEGANOPODES. Totipal-
^ mate Swimmers.

Family PHALACBOCORACID^. Cormorants.
White-crested Cormorant.

(Phalacrocorax dilophus cincinatus )
. ^% enters Pras^r'nTr^Slht^^^^^^^ "^-^^^-

36. Violet-green Cormorant.

(Phalacrocorax pelagicus robustus )

Si^psof^w'tr:'^^^^^^^ t'"^ - ^-th as Fort
to Sidney Island. '^ ^'^^"^^ °^ *^^e islands close

(Both these species are known here as Shags.)

Family PELECANID^. p^lica^vs.
37. American White Pelican

(Pelecanus erythrorhynchos.)

Not common. Said to breed in ih. nu■^ .■
One spec men taken nn Qv in the Chilcotm country

Presenld to thltre^fbrS Poter.^^^°'^^' ^^^^' ^^'

38. CaUfomia Brown Pelican.

(ir'elecanus calif ornicus.)

K . ^. ttu^uc., xNov., ibyo), and in September

8

Check List op

of the followinp; year I shot at and wounded one on the
flats above Seyniour Creek, Burnird Inlet, but failed to
secure it. I aai inclined to think that Burrard Inlet is
the northern limit of this bird's ranire.

Order ANSERES. Lamellirostral
S^jdmrners.

Family ANATID^. Ducks, Geese, and Swans.
39. American Merganser.

(Merganser americanus.)

Found in most parts of the Province, though nowhere
common. A few are taken every winter by gunners, both
on Vancouver Island and the Mainland. Nests on the
ground, in salt marshes, or on th<^ margins of lakes. Known
as Fish-duck, Saw-bill, ttc

40 Red-breasted Merganser.

(Merganser serrator.)

An abundant resident.
also as Fish-duck, Saw-bill, &c.

Nests on the ground.

Known

I

41. Hooded Merganser.

(Lophodytes cucullatus.)

This is also an abundant resident, and more common
than the two last species. Nests in holes in trees.

Subfamily ANNATIN^. River Ducks.

42. Mallard.

(Anas boschas.)

An nbundant resident. Breeds in almost every suitabl*^
portion of tlie Pi'ovinee, fi-om Vancouver Island to Cariboo
and from our .southern boundary to Dease Lake. Generally
found about fresli water or tidal waters at the mouths of
rivers. Fraser River liats, Pitt and Sunias Me,-id(nv.s, are
favourite resorts for this duck during the winter months

British Columbia Birds.

9

43. Blue-winged Teal.

(Anas discors.)

A very rare bird in this Province. A few are taken
every season at the mouth of Fraser River.

44. Cinnamon Teal.

(Anas cyanoptera.)

A rare summer visitant. Only two specimens, to my
knowledge, have been taken in the Province — one near
Clinton, the other at Burnaby Lake.

45. Green-winged Teal.

(Anas carolinensis.)
A very abundant duck here. Breeds in the interior of
the Mainland. Arrives in i^reat numbers at the mouth of
Fraser River during the fall and early winter. One of
our best table ducks.

46. Gadwall.

"Gray Duck." (Anas strepera.^

Rare. A few arc taken every season, but I know of no
place where it can be said they occur in any great numbers.

47. American Widgeon.

"Baldpate." (Anas americana.)

An abundant resident. In May of this year I found it
breeding round the lakes above Clinton. It is quite com-
mon during the winter months on the coast.

48. Shoveller.

" Broad-bill." (Spatula clypeata.)

An abundant summer resident of the Mainland, chiefly
east of the Cascades. During the month of May I found
them in pairs on the lakes along the Cariboo Road, above
Clinton. A rare winter visitant on the coast.

49. Pintail.

"Sprigtail." (Dafila acuta.)

An abundant resident. Breeds in the interior of the
Mainland. A winter resident on the coast, where, in some
localities, especially on the Lower Fraser, it appears in
great flocks.

I.

10

Check List of

50. Wood Duck.

(Aix sponsa.)

A summer resident. Nowhere abundant. Breeds in
many place.s alonj,' the Lower Fraser - Sumas, Chilliwhack,
Burnaby Lake.

oL Redhead.

" Poehard." (Aythya americana.)

A resident. Kot common. Winters on the coast. I
found it breeding around a few of the lakes between Clin-
ton and the 108-Mile House.

67,

52. Canvas-back.

(Aythya vallisneria.)

A resident. Nowhere abundant, nor is it so much
sought after as either the mallard or teal. During April
and May of this year, I found them in pairs on the lakes
near the 108-Mile House, Cariboo Eoad, where T was told
by the residents they breed. Winters on the coast.

53. American Scaup Duck.

" Blue- Bill." (Aythya marila nearctica.)

An abundant resident. Breeds chiefly east of the Cas-
cades. Winters on the coast.

54. Lesser Scaup Duck.

(Aythya aiiinis.)

During the fore part of May, this year, I shot one of
these ducks on a small lake on the top of the hills, about
three nides from Asheroft. There wore seven or eight in
the flock, and during a stay of four weeks in the upper
count,7 these were the only ones I saw, nor am I aware
that they are at all common on the coast.

55. Ring-necked Duck.

(Aythya collaris.)

Not common. T have seen it in Victoria Harbour and
Mr. Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack. '

60.

British Columbia Birds.

11

56. American Golden-eye.

(Glaucionetta olangula americana.)

An abundant resident. Breeds in the interior of the
Mainland. (Nests in holes in treea.) Winters on the
coast.

57 Barrow's Golden-ej ).

(Glaucionetta islandica.)

During the breeding season, this year, I found this duck
very abundant on nearly eveiy lake along the Cariboo
Road. I have never seen it on the coast, but Mr. W. B.
Anderson has taken it at Fort Simpson, where he reports
it rare. Nests in trees, same as last species.

58. Buffle-head.

" Butter-ball. " (Charitonetta albeola , )

Resident, Very abundant. Breeds in the interioi' of
the Mainland. Winters on the coast, during which time
it frequents our harbours. Nests in holes in trees.

59. Old Squaw.

"Long-tailed duck." (Clangula hyemalis.)
An abundant resident. More frequent on the coast.

60. Harlequin Duck.

(Histrionicus histrionicus. )
An abundant resident. Breeds along the creeks close to
the salt water (Burrard Inlet, Howe Sound), and also in
the interior of the Main' nd.

61. American Scoter.

(Oidemia americana. )
In my experience I'are. Mr. Anderson has taken several
at Fort Simpson, where he reports them not by any means
common. I saw a small Hock on the 10th May, tliis yeai-,
on a lake near the 108-Mile House, Cariboo Road.

62. White-winged Scoter.

(Oidemia deglandi.)
Abundant resident. Winters on the coast, and is found
during the summer both on the coast and interior of Main-
land. I have no record as to its breeding place.

13

Check List op

63. Surf Scoter.

"Coot." (Oideniiii perspioillata.)
Almntlant everywhere on the coast waters. Resident.

64. Ruddy Duck.

(Eriibiiiatura rul)ida.)
During llu- l)roe(ling .season, this year, I found this duck
quite common on thf* lakes along the Cariboo Road, where
I have no doubt it breeds. A few aie taken during the
winter on the coast, but they are by no means conuuon ; so
that, probably, uriny go south during the winter.

Subfamily ANSERINE. Geese.

65. Lesser Snow Goose.

(Chen hyperborea.)
A winter resident on the coast.

roleral)ly abundant.

During some winters large nunibers congregate off the
mouth of Eraser.

66. Ross's Snow Goose.

(Chen rossii.)

Tliis goose has been taken at the mouth of Eraser River,
and also on Shuswap Lake, but I am inclined to think that
its occurrence here is rare.

67. American White-fronted Goose.

(Anser albifrons gambeli.)

An abund;i l resident. Breeds both on the Island and
Mainland. The young have been taken on (Jowiclian Lake.

68. Canada Goose.

(Branta canadensis.)

A very abundant resident. Breeds throughout the
interior of the Mainland. Appears in great flocks along
the Lower Eraser River during the winter months, and
affords fine sport for the gunners.

69. Hutchin's Goose.

(Branta canadensis hutchinsii.)
A resident. Tolerably abundant.

Winters on the

73.

coast. Known as " crow goose " on the Lower Eraser. I

British Columbia Birds.

13

saw a pair of these geese, this season, in possession of Mrs.
James Camp))ell, Cache Croek, which were taken by her
when quite younji, nearly two years ago They were quite
tame, and allowed to come and go at will.

70. White-cheeked Goose.

(Branta canadensis cccidentalis. )
Taken at Chilliwhack by Mien C. Brooks.

71. Cackling Goose.

(Branta canadensis minima.)
A winter resident along the coast. Taken at Chilli-
whack by Allen C. Brooks.

72. Black Brant.

(Branta nigricans.)

An abundant winter resident along the coasts of Island
and Mainland. Breeds in the far north Yeai^ ago they
used to congregate in great numbers on the flats at Burrarcl
Inlet.

Subfamily CYGNIN.^. Swans.

73. Whistling Swan.

(Orlor columbianus.)

A winter resident in the southern portions of the Pro-
vince, and very abundant during the summer ^\^^'^^^;;j-
tions of the Mainland interior. The young have been
taken on Vancouver Island.

74. Trumpeter Swan.

(Orlor buccinator.)

I have only seen this bird at Dease Lake, Cassiar, where
it appears to be not uncomn.on. Mr. A. I , Poudner, of the
Government Survey, reports havin. se^n on a lake in the
Chilcotin district, last season, upwards of tive hundred
swans, but of what species he could not say.

14 Check List of

Order HERODIONES. Herons,
Ibises, 8zc.

Family IBIDID^. Ibises.

75. White-faced Glossy Ibis.

(Plegadis guarauna.)
Only two specimens known to be taken in the Province ;
one on Salt Spring Island, the other at the mouth of Eraser
River.

Suborder HERODII. Herons, Bitterns, &c.

Family ARDEID^. Herons, Bitterns.

Subfamily BOTAURIN^. Bitterns.

76. American Bittern.

" Stakedriver." (Botaurus lentiginosus.)
Common throughout the greater portion of the Province-
Breeds both east and west of Cascades.

Subfamily ARDEIN^. Herons.

77. Great Blue Heron.

(Ardea herodias.)
Abundant throughout the Province. Resident ; breeds
in suitable pla ' iroughout its range.

78. Snowy Heron.

(Ardea candidissima. )
Rare. Two specimens taken at Burrard Enlet, May,
1879.

Order PALUDICOLiE. Cranes,
Rails, &c.

Suborder GRUES. Cranes.
Family GRUID^. Cranes.

79. Little Brown Grane=

(Grus canadensis.)

82.

t.n

British Columbia Birds.

15

B. C. at large, but more '^^^^^^^^X; ^^fl^ T.
Mainland. During the fore par "^ May^^^. J^ ^ ,

trip from Ctoton to th' ll« » ^^^ i ,pec.es,

"^^tZ'toVZ^^^^ >ocaUty, were not near so

abundant.

80. SandhiU Crane.

(Grus mexicana.)
B C at large. Tolerably abundant. Breed, throughout
its range, but chiefly east of Cascades.

SBBFAM1I.V BALLINiE. Bails.

81. Virginia Rail.

(Ballus virginianus.)
Mainland and Island. Not common. Breeds.

82. Carolina RaU.

"Sora" (Porzana carolma.)
Mainland and Island. Common east of Cascades. Breeds.

83. American Ooote.

(Fulica americana.)
^„ Ldant resident. Bre^s round the la.es of the

Island and Mainland.

Order LIMICOL-Sl. Shore Birds.

FAMiL. PHALAllOPODIDiE. Phalahopks.

84. Red Phalarope.

^Cryn^philusfulicanu^.) ,,,__j. f.

ChiUiwhack-AUen 0. BrooKs.

85. Northern Phalarope.

(Phalaropus lobatus.) ^^ j^^^^^

16

Check Li3T of

86. WUson's Phalarope.

(Phalaropus tricolor.)
Taken at Chilliwhack- -Allen C. Brooks.

Family SCOLOPACID^. Snipes, Sandpipers, &c.

87. Wilson's Snipe.

(Gallinago delicata.)
Island and Mainland. Tolerably abundant. Resident.
Breeds in the interior of Mainland. Eggs taken at En-
derby, May, 1891, by Mr. DeBlois Green.

88. Long-billed Dowitcher.

"Red-breasted Snipe." (Macrorhamphus scolopaceus. )
Tolerably abundant. Island and the whole of the Main-
land. Breeds in the interior.

89. Knot.

"Robin Snipe." (Tringa canutus.)
Abundant during migrations, chiefly along the coast.

90. Pectoral Sandpiper.

(Tringa maculata.)
Taken near Victoria during spring and fall migrations.
Not common.

91. Baird's Sandpiper.

(Tringa bairdii.)
Chilliwhack— Allen C. Brooks.

92. Least Sandpiper.

(Tringa minutilla.)

This bird is abundant n^.ng the coast during fall and
spring migrations. I also found it quite common in the
interior of the Mainland during the summer.

93. Red-backed Sandpiper.

(Tringa alpina pacifica.)

A very abundant resident. Appears in great numbers
along the coast during spring and fall, reaching Victoria
as early as August.

British Columbia Birds

17

94. Semipalmated Sandpiper.

(Ereuuetes pusillus.)
Collected at Duck's (east of Cascades) by Clark P.
Streater, July and September, 1889.

95. Western Sandpiper.

(Ereunetes occideiitalis.)
An abundant resident. Is found throughout the year in
the neighbourhood of Victoria.

96. Sanderling.

(Calidris arenaria.)
Collected at Fort Simpson by W. B. Anderson.

97. Marbled Godwit.

(Limosa fedoa.)
. The whole of British Columbia. Breeds chietly east of
Cascades. Similkameen.

98. Greater bellow legs.

(Totanus nielanoleucus. )
Clinton.

99. YeUow-legs.

(Totanus Havipes.)

[ found it throughout the summer
Tolerably coumion. I touud u f^

at Burrard Inlet.

100. Solitary Sandpiper.

(Totanus solitarius.)

, . ^i Province Nowhere common.
Found throughout the ProMnce.

ChiUiwhack -Allen C. Brooks.

101. Cinnamon Solitary Sandpiper.

(Totanus solitarius cinnamomeus.)

• , . • fV,P interior " Clark P. Streator,
-Summer resident "^ the inteuoi.

-CulieotionofB.C, birds, 18S9.

I'

1«

Check List op

102. Wandering Tatler.

(Heteractitis incauus.)
The Province at large. Breeds; tolerably comn.on. Fort

Simpson— W. B. Anderson.

103. Buff-breasted Sandpiper.

(Trvnyites subruticoUis.) „ . , ^

TolerablV common throughout the Province. Resident,

104. Spotted Sandpiper.

(Actitis macularia.)
The Province at large. Nowhere common.

105. Long-biUed Curlew.

(Numenius longirostris.)
Has been taken at Beacon Hill during spnng migra-
tions. Breeds at Okanagan, Smnlkameen.

106. Hudsonian Curlew.

(Numenius hudsonicus.)
Fort Simpson, W. B. Anderson. Cadboro Bay, J. May-
nard.

Family CHARADHHD^. Plovers.

107. Black-bellied Plover.

(Chanulrius squatarola. )
Abund-mt during migrations, along the shores round
and abou^ VicU^ria.^ Taken in breeding plumage at tort -
Simpson by W. B. Anderson.

108. American Golden Plover.

(Charadrius doniinicus.)

A common sununer resident ^^l^-^^f^^'l^'^
I found it breeding east of Cascades, tort Snnpson, W.
B. Anderson. Dease Lake, J. Porter.

109. KiUdeer Plover.

(^gialitis vocifera.)
Occurs throughout the Province. Is occasionally taken
on the coast in the winter. 1 found it breecin.g ea.t of
Cascades.

112.

British Columbia Birds.

19

110. Semipalmated Plover.

(^gialitis semipalmata.)
Kot— . Taken at Cadboro Bay A. H, Maynard.

111. Surf Bird.

(Aphriza virgata.) " „ . x? V

,. £ 4-1^ Prnvince Howe Sound— K. v.
The coast hue of ^^^e Pro^nce.
Griffin. Fort Simpson-\\ • B. Ancluson

112. Turnstone.

(Arenaria interpres.)
T.eLa.U„eoftheP,.o»i„ce, Fo. Si»p.o«-W. B.

Anderson. James' Islanu-J- *•

113. Black Turnstone.

rArenariamelanocephala.)

(^Aieuciii TnlerabW common.

. r „ .^f the Province, ioieiduij
The coast hne ot tne

Breeds.

F«.v HiEMATOPOOID^. Ta. Ovs^ 0..c„..s.

114. Black Oyster-catcher.

(Itouatopu. bachmam.) ^^^

S:l:S*onrtf;oc>r»cW.e to the water.

order GALLING. GaUinaceous

Birds.

Family

TET

.TBAONID^. O--^' P-™""'"' ^''"

Quail.

115. Mountain Partridge.

•'«»"•" ^"'-^"^'^ir introduced fro. Cali-
Commou on Vancouver Wand.

foriiia.

20

Check List of

Pi

116. California Partridge.

(Callipepla califoriiica.)
Vancouver Island. Introauced from Calif»>rnia.

117. Sooty Grouse,

"Blue Grouse.' (Dendragapus obscurus fuliginosus.)
West of the Cascade Mountains, including all the larger
islands. An abundant resident.

118. Richardson's Grouse.

"Blue Grouse," " Mountain Grouse." (Dendraga-
pus obscurus richardsonii. )
East of the Cascade Mountains, including the Rocky
Mountain District. Abundant. Resident.

119. B'ranklin Grouse.

"Fool-hen." (Dendragapus franklinii.)
Througnout the wooded p'<rtion of the interior of the
Mainland, east of and including the Cascade Mountains.
An abundant resident.

120. Canadian Ruffed Grouse.

(Bonasa umbellus togata. )
East of and including Cascades.

An abundant resident.

121. Gray Ruffed Grouse.

(Bonasa umbellus umbelloides.)
Rocky Mountain District. Soda Creek, Beaver Pass.

122, Oregon Ruffed Grouse.

(Bonasa umbellus sabini.)

West of the Cascades, including all the larger islands.
An abundant resident.

The three last species are known also as "Willow
Grouse," " Drummers," &c.

Note. Although the "red" phase of the Ruffed Grouse

is more constant west of the Cascades, both red and gray
are found throughout the Province, with the tails indiffer-
ently reddish or grayish; so that llie sub-division as it
stands now is somewhat perplexing.

21

BiuTisH Columbia BiEDa.

123. Willow Ptarmigan.

(Lagopus lagopus.)
Dease Lake, Cassiar-James Porter.

124 Rock Ptarmigan.

Island. Abundant.

195 White-tailed Ptannigan.

<':Tl":Luntains of the Mainland except
CorTCie Belt ?as.-George Hyde. Ca..a._

James Porter.

lumbianus.) ,

A„ abundant r^ident east »« *e <^as:a^:•,hl^gire
trip, this season though the m e™ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^

TourrtUw^

r ptSu?lliCL~;nTey have been .. yea..»

127. Sage Grouse.

(Centrocercusurophasianus.) M P P at

.^'"^ LrkrrOctX'l8^4.^The"S^^ is probity
Osoyoos ijaKtj m
accidental here.

Order COLUMB^. Pigeons.

Family COLUMBID^. Pigeons.

128. Band-tailed Pigeon.

(Columba fasciata.)
1 1 fi^rnnah the southem portions of
l".''8"'"l,nmer fesideVt. Tolerably common.

the

Province.

22

Check List of

129. Passenger Pigeon.

(Ectopistes migratorious.)
Probably now extinct in this Province.

130. Mourning Dove.

(Zenaidura macroura.)
Mainland and Island. Nowhere common.

136.

Order RAPTORES. Birds of Prey.

Family CATHARTID^. American Vultures.

131. California Vulture.

(Pseudogryphus californianus.)

In September, 1880, I saw two of these birds at Burrard
Inlet. It is more than probable they are accidental visi-
tants here. Lord says: "Mouth of Fraser River. Seldom
visits the interior."

132. Turkey Vulture.

(Cathartes aura.)

Distributed throughout the Province, but nowhere com-
mon, though in September, 1887, I saw about a dozen
together at the mouth of Harrison River.

Family FALCONID^E. Falcons, Hawks, Eagles, &c.

133. Marsh Hawk.

(Circus hudsonius.)
Abundant chiefly on the

Mainland — Sumas, Chilli-

whack, mouth of Fraser River. Also east of Cascades.
Partially migratory. A few are found throughout the
winter in the neighbourhood of Ladner's.

134. Sharp-shinned Hawk.

(Accipiter velox.)

Abundant, chiefly, west of the Cascades. Partially
migratory. A few remain throughout the year on Van-
couver Island, A smart, active little hawk, the terror of
small birds.

British Columbia Birds.

^^

135. Cooper's Hawk

(Accipitercooperi.) , „ u at Burrard

• ,no rare I have taken it at
In my experience ^^''',,
Inlet and on Vancouver UUnd.

136. western Goshawk. ^^^^^^^^^^

(Accipiter atncapvllus ^^^,^^^ ^^^^^

137 Western Red-tailed Hawk.

(Buteobovealiscalurus.) ^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^

Very abundant, East ^^^^^ .young of the
^^-;Sr^^en4^Whoodo^tU.e.y.

138. Red-breasted Hawk.

(Buteolineatuselegans.) ^^^^ ^^^^^

Not very conu.on. I have taken .t at^^ ^^^ ^^^^^

Island.

139. Swainson's Hawk.

(Buteo Bwamsom.)
Taken at Chillmhack by Mr. i^

■Rnnffh-legged Hawk.
110. American ^,°^^^,Xti-iohannis.)

(Avclubuteolagopu..anax^ ^^^^

I have taken this ha^ka^^^^^^^ ,e only

Check-List says; ^^ ^^^^
J^Iexico."

141. Golden Eagle.

(Aquila chryaetos.) ^^^ ^^ ^V^e

24

Chrck List of*

142. Bald Eagle.

(Haliseetus leucocephalus.)

The Province at large. A resident. The most abundant
bird of prey we have, especially along the coast, where at
the mouths of some of the rivers and inlets they congregate
in great numbers. Breeds throughout its range. Nest, a
bulky aftair, usually on the broken top of some lofty pine,
though T saw one at Howe Sound not over twelve feet
from the ground. This bird is the emblem of the Great
Republic south of us ; but whatever virtues it may possess
while in ''the lane of the free" to keep it in this exalted
position, it '^ertarnly falls from grace when north of the
forty-ninth parallel. Here it is a buzzard of the lowest
type, stooping to the foulest kind of carrion.

150.

143. Prairie Falcon.

(Faico Mexicanus )
Taken at Chilliwhack by Allen C. Brooks.

144. Duck Hawk.

(Falco peregrinus anatum.)

Tolerably common, both east and west of Cascades.
Partially migratory. A few remain throughout the winter
on Vancouver Island.

145. Peale's Falcon.

(Falco peregrinus pealei.)

Not common. I have taken it at liurrard Inlet, and
Mr. Brooks has observed it at Chilliwhack.

M6. Pigeon Hawk.

(Falco columbarius. )

Common east and west of Cascades, and ranging well up
into the Rocky Mountain District, in which locality I have
taken it in its most perfect plumage.

147. Black Merlin.

(Falco columbarius suckleyi.)

A common summer resident along the coast.
on Vancouver Island,

Abundant

British Columbia Birds.

26

148. Richardson's Merlin.

(Falco richiirdsonii.) .

Taken at ChiUiwhack V.y Mr. Brooks, and near Victona
by A. H. Maynard. Not common.

149. American Sparrow Hawk.

(Falco sparverius.)
and Mainland. Nests in holes in trees.

150. American Osprey.

- Fish Hawk." (Pandion haliaetus carolinensis.)
on the broken top of a tree, not far from water.

Suborder STRIGES. Owls.
Family BUBONID^. Horned Owls, &c.

151. American Long-eared Owl

(Asio wilsonianus.) , , , i

Rare. I have taken it on Vancouver Island only.

152. Short-eared Owl

(Asio accipitrinus.) T3<.rr,amR

Abundant, both on the Island and Mainland. Remains
on the coast throughout the winter.

153. Great Gray Owl.

(Scotiaptex cinereum.)
Rare. .1 1-ve one specun.. h was killec ^^

whack, November, 188<. ^"^^^^^ge^^ by Mr. W. E.
Lake, 1891, and presented to the Muse y

Trail.

154. Saw-whet Owl.

(Nyctala acadica.) ^^^^ ^^^^^ .^ .^^ ,^^

Not by any means common^ ^^^^^ ^^^j^^^ ^^

winter at Burrard In^^, -^^^^Jj^^ it from Fort

Vancouver Island. Mr. Anaersoi i>

Simpson.

26

Check List of

155. Kennicott'a Screech Owl.

(Megascops asio kenuicottii.)

An abun.lant resid.uxt throughout the P'-^Xr,. ^^^^^^^^
in the neighbourhood of this city. Also on the Mainland,
east and west of Cascades.

NoTF - It appears that from a collection of Kennicott
owls .mde by Mr. K H. Forbush near this city, in Novem-
blr 1888 anil February, 1889, a certain auiount ot evuleu e
wa^ procm-ed which nily lead to tl- -n-deration o a sub^

divisU.n of the species. It is to ^'^^/^^P;;;'' .^^L'^^^^'.S
before final action is taken in the nuitter /'l^t^V^r materia
may be gathered, as the tendency in the direction ot
Treating fub-species on a mere phantom of evidence is
already stretched beyond a safe tension.

156. Western Homed Owl

(Bubo virginianus subarcticus.)
An abundant resident throughout the Province. Mn
C. P. WoUey, of this city, found it breeding this season on
the mountains near Bridge liiver.

157. Dusky Homed Owl

(Bubo virginianus saturatus.)
An abundant resident west of the Cascades.

158. Snowy Owl

(Nyctea nyctea.)

Resident in the northern portions of the Province.
South, during some winters only, to the mouth of i^raser
River and Vancouver Island.

159. American Hawk Owl

(Surnia ulula caparoch.)
A resident east of Cascades. West, occasionally, to
Vancouver Island. Breeds along the valley of the Simil-
kameen.

160. Burrowing Owl

(Speotyto cunicularia hypogaea.)

East of Cascades. Not common. I have only found
them in the neighbourhood of Kamloops, but have heard of
them at Ashcroft.

161.

27
British Columbia BiRM.

161. Pygmy Owl.

((;iauci(Uum gnoma.)
Connnon throughout the Province.

Order COCCYGES. The Cuckoos.

Family CUCULTD^. Cuckoos.
162. CaUfomia Cuckoo.

<Ooccy.us „..ri.anu. — ;> ^^^„„, i„„,

anrl in Ju.e, l-<*'2. '»>"'„ June, 1h",^ -« * r'' '^
t,., ,ling at ^•''"^'^'r^J"J^^;n,\ tVm.i their actions I

is^i:rSar:r:::::::;eA^^^^^

163. Belted Kingfisher.

(Ceryle Alcyon.) province.

An abundant resident throughout the

Ovdev PICI. The Woodpeckers.

Family PICID^. Woodpeckers.
164 Norther's Hairy Woodpecker.

pryobatesviU<.uslcnj^nje^O^^^^ Co.-

Eastern Cascade and Kucky
mon resident.

165 Harris's Woodpecker.

(Dryobatesvillosusharnsu.) ^^^^^^^

West of Cascades, especially coastw.e.
resident.

166. Downey Woodpecker.

(Dryobates pv^escens.) ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^
^ common resident east ot an

28

Check List of*

167. Gairdner's Woodpecker.

(Dryobates pubescens gairdnevii.)

A common resident west of Cascades. Winters on Van-
couver Island.

168. Batchelder's Woodpecker.

(Dryobates pubescens orececus.)

"Very common throughout the interior. Duck's and
Ashcroft."— Clark P. Streator.

169. White-headed Woodpecker.

(Xenopicus albolarvatus. )
Cascade Mountains. Similkameen — R. V. Griffin.

170. Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker.

(Picoides arcticus.)
East of and including the Cascades. Resident.

171. Alpine Three-toed Woodpecker.

(Picoides amerieanus dorsalis.)
Mountains east of Cascades. North to Cassiar.

172. Red-naped Sapsucker.

(Sphyrapicus \arius nuchalis.)

I found this bird very common east of the Cascades,
especially along the Cariboo Road. 1 have not seen it on
the Island.

173. Red-breasted Sapsucker.

(Sphyrapicus ruber.)
East and west of Cascades. Common.

174. Williamson's Sapsucker.

(Sphyrapicus thyroideus.)
Taken at Similkameen by R. V. Griffin, June, 1882.

175. Pileated Woodpecker.

(Ceophloeua pileatns,)
Common. But more abundant on the coast.

176.

British Columbia Birds

29

176 Lewis's Woodpecker.

^''t"T:^C:rr' Have on Vancouver Island.
East and west ot Lascaaes.

177 "Plicker

uHic^holder." (Colaptes auratus.)
Vancouver Island and Mainland. Very rare.

178. Red-shafted Flicker.

(Colaptescafer.'i
East of Cascades. Common.

179 Northwestern FUcker.

(Colaptes cafer saturatxov.) .^

West of Cascades. Abundant. A number
the neighborhood of Victoria.

order MACBOCHIBES. QoatsuckerB

FAMILY CAPKIMULGID^. Goatsuckers.
180. Nighthawk.

(Chordeiles virginianus.)
East of Cascades. Summer resident.

181 Western Nighthawk.

(Chordeiles virginianus henryi.)

^ ,.o«ifl(>nt Broods on the

West of Cascades. A summer i esid. nt.

Island and Mainland.

Family

MICROPODID^. SWIFTS.

182. Black Swift.

(Cypseloides niger.) ^^^^.^^^

A mi-rant. I know of n? Pl^^^\^\,, of their feet.
wh^'W t-d a -^ting I^ t- f- ^, ,i,y about the
They arrive in ^^^^ '^^f ^i ' with the last species.
10th of 3 uno, usually u com uiy ^^^thward.

They are contmuaiiy un the wm^,

■

30

Check List of

I

183. Vaux's Swifb.

(Chfetura vauxii.)
East and west of Cascades, but not, to my knowledge,
occurring on Vancouver Island.

Family TROCHILID^. Hummingbirds.

184. Black-chinned Hummingbird.

(T:.'ochilus alexandri.)
Confined to the Mainland ; both slopes of the Cascades.

185. Rufous Hummingbird.

(Trochilus rufus.)
West of Cascades. An abundant summer resident. The
only one, to my knowledge, found on the Island.

186. Allen's Hummingbird.

(Trochilus alleni.)
Eastern Cascade and Rocky Mountain Districts.

187. Calliope Hummingbird.

(Trochilus calliope.)
East and west of Cascades.

Order PASSERES. Perching Birds.

Family TYRANNIC^. Tyrant Flycatchers.

188. Kingbird.

(Tyrannus tyrannus.)
East and west of Cascades. More common on the Main-
land. A summer resident.

189. Gray Kingbird.

(Tyrannus dominicensis.)
One specimen taken at Cape Beale, 29th Sept., 1889, by
Miss Cox, and presented to the ^Museum.

190. Arkansas Kingbird.

(Tyrannus verticalih

East and west of Cascad .
I found it breeding at Ashcroft.

but chietiy on the Mainland.

31
Beitish Columbia Birds.

191. Say's Phcebe.

(Sayorms saya.) Mainlaud.

East and west of Cascades, but ch.efl>

Summer resident.

192. OUve-sided Flycatcher.

EartamlwestofCasc.de. A com

193. western Wood Pewee

(Contopus richardsonu.) ^_^^^^^,.

=„mmer resident, ea^l and wes
A. common sumroei

194, Western Flycatcher.

^""^tletttlt east and west of cascades.
A common summei

195. Little Flycatcher

Columbia in 1889.

197. Hammond's Flycatcher.

(Empidonax hammondi.) ^^^^ ^^ Cascades.

Chiefly on *-= Majn;a;inua.e. resident.
Common at isew

,98. Wright's Flycatcher.

(Empidonax obscums.) ^^^^^_^ ^^,i.

Taken at CUaiwhack by A. C.

dent,

32

Check List of
Family ALAUDID^. Larks.

199. Pallid Horned Lark.

(Otocoris alpestris leucolaema.)

East of and including the Cascades,
the summit.

I have taken it on

200. Streaked Homed Lark.

(Octocoi'is alpestris strigata.)
West of Cascades. Fort Simpson, W. B. Anderson.
Burrard Inlet, J. F. Chilliwhack, A. C. Brooks. Nowhere
common.

201. Dusky Horned Lark

(Otocoris alpestris merrillii.)
Chiefly east of Cascades.

Family CORVID.^. Crows, Jays, Magpies, &c.

202. American Magpie.

(Pica pica hudsonica.)
An abundant resident. Breeds east of Cascades. West
of Cascades only during winter. A rare straggler on Van-
couver Island.

203. Steller's Jay.

(Cyanocitta stelleri.)
An abundant resident east and west of Cascades. Breeds
both on the Island and Mainland.

204. Black-headed Jay.

(Cyanocitta .itelleri annectens.)
East of Cascade and Rocky Mountain Districts.

205. Oregon Jay.

" Whiskey Jack." " Hudson Buy Bird." (Peri-
soreus obscurus.
An abundant resident throughout the Province.

206. Northern Raven.

(Corvus corax principalis.)

A resident throughout the Province, chiefly northward
and coastwise. Becoming rare in certain localities where,
twentj- years ago, it was abundant.

British Columbia Birds.

207. California Crow.

(Corvus americanus hesperis.)
East and west of Cascades. Common resident.

208. Northwest Crow.

(Corvus caurinus.)
Chiefly west of Cascades. Very abundant on the coast.
Resident.

209. Clarke's Nutcracker.

" Clarke's crow." (Picicorvus columbianus.)
A common resident east of Cascades. West V^^^^

above Chnton.

Family ICTERTD.E. Blackbirds, Orioles, &c.

210. Cowbird.

(Molothrus ater.)
Similkameen -R. V. Griffin.

211. Yellow-headed Blackbird.

(Xanthocephaius xanthocephalus.)
A rare summer resident. On the Mainland, chieflly east
of CasTa!!" T found it above Clinton this season.

212. Red-winged Blackbird.

(Agelaius plKieniceus.)
Chiefly west of Cascades. Breeds on Vancouver Island.
Common.

213. Western Meadowlark.

(Sturnella magna neglecta.)

+ r.( rn<;cades Abundant. Winters on
East and west ot Oascades. ^

Vancouver Island.

214. Bullock's Oriole.

(Icterus bullocki.)
Ea.Bt of Cascades only. A rare summer resident. Breeds
at Cache Creek.

■

34

Check List op

215. Brewer's Blackbird.

(Scolecophagus cyanocephalus.)

East and west of Cascades. Common in spring and tail
at!hf mouth of the Fraser. Breeds in the neighbourhood
of Clinton.

Family FRINGILLIDiE. Finches, Sparrows, &c.

216. Evening Grosbeak.

(Coccothraustes vespertinus.)
East of Cascades, straggling west (in winter) to Lower
Fraser and Vancouver Island. I found it near summit of
Cascades, last of June.

217. American Pine Grosbeak.

(Pinicola enucleator canadensis.)
East and west of Cascades, except Vancouver Island-
Fort Simpson— W. B. Anderson.

218. California Purple Finch.

(Carpodacus purpureus calif ornicus.)
An abundant summer resident, chiefly west of Cascades.
Breeds on the Island and Mainland.

219. Oassin's Purple Finch.

(Carpodacus cassini.)
East and west of Cascades. Tolerably common.

220. American Crossbill.

(Loxia curvirostra minor.)
An abundant resident throughout the Province.

221. White- winged Crossbill.

(Loxia leucoptera.)
Rocky Mountain District. An abundant resident.
Beaver Pass— Geo. Hyde.

222. Gray-crowned Leucosticte.

(Leucosticte tephrocotis.)
Rocky Mountain District. In winter, occasionally, west
to the Cascades.

British Columbia Birds.

36

223. Hepburn's LeucoBUct^

. Gray crowned F-cl. \^^^,^^,, Ashcroft.

From the coast to ^^^ JJ^g^ W. B. Anderson.

Clinton. Burrard Inlet. Foit M V

224. Redpoll.

(Acanthi, linana.) ^^^^^ .^ ^,^ ^^,

Tbe Province at large, uuv/
Mountain District.

225 American Goldfinch.

^Spinustristis.) ^^^^ ^,^^^^ ,f ,he

cSi^^nd-^^^^^^^

-^•^.fS^t-'MSpinusp^^^^^

The Province a^ l^ing fall and winter in the neigh-
pearing m great flocks cm g
bourhood of this city.

227. Snowflake.

(Plectrophenax nivalis. ) ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^,,.

An abundant resident. More co

228. Lapland Longspur

(Calcarius lapponicus^^l common. Fort Simp-

■ The Province at '.^g- J-': iTc B-^^- ««"

«,„_W. B^A^^-- aS Bur.ard Inlet-J. F-
Victoria— A. xi- ^''^'^J

229 Macown's Longspur.

(Rhynchophanes mccownii.)
ChiuUack-A. C. Brooks.

230 Vesper Sparrow.

(Pooc^tes gramineu-) ^^^^^^ ^^^.^,,,.

East o£ Cascades. An aou

231. Western ^^f^^J^^^l^i^^^^^

.Bay-winged B-^^^^^^^^^ Vancouver Island,
Chiefly west 01 Cascades.

36

Check List of

232. Sandwich Sparrow.

( Amraodramus sandwichensis. )
An abundant summer resident west of Cascades. Breeds
on this Island.

233. Western Savanna Sparrow.

(Ammodranius sandwichensis alaudinus.)
Summer resident on the coast. Chilliwhack — A.
Brooks.

C.

234. Intermediate Sparrow.

(Zonotrichia intermedia )

I found this bird very common east of Cascades, and
Mr. Brooks reports it from Chilliwhack.

235. Gambel's Sparrow.

(Zonotrichia gambeli.)

West of Cascades, especially on the coast. The most
abundant small bird in the neighbourliood of Victoria,
where throughout the spring months its somewhat monoto-
nous song is heard from "morn till night."

236. Golden-crowned Sparrow.

(Zonotrichia coronata. )
An abundant summer resident.

237. Western Tree Sparrow.

(Spizella monticola ochracea.)
Chilliwhack — A. C. Brooks.

238. Western Chipping Sparrow.

(Spizella socialis arizonse. )

An abundant summer resident east and west of Cas-
cades. Breeds in the neighbourhood of this city.

239. Brewer's Sparrow.

(Spizella breweri.)
Eastern Cascades and Rocky
Similkameen— R. V. Griffin.

240. Slate-coloured Junco.

( Junco hyemalis.)
Chilliwhack — A, C. Brooks.

Mountain Districts,

243.

British Columbia Birds.

37

241 Oregon Junco.

■ ' Snow-bird." ( Juuco hyemalis oregonus.)
An abundant resident west of tl.e Cascades.

242. Rocky Mountain Junco.

(Junco hyemalis shufeldti.)

. Mr Frank M. Chapman (American
According to ^r^ Jrank^ ^^^^i^^.^d by Mr

^rr e^roUhe^Ca^cl. are separable from the coast

"and should be placed as above.

243. Rusty Song Sparrow-

(Melospiza fasciata guttata.)
An abundant resident, confined chiefly to the coast-
Vancouver Island.

244. Sooty Song Sparrow.

(Melospiza fasciata rutina )
An abundant ..sident, chiefly along the coart of the
Mainland.

245. Lincoln's Sparrow.

(Melospiza lincolni.)
Found east and west of Cascades.

246. Forbush's Finch.

(Melospiza lincolni striata.)
Collected at Comox, September, 1888, by E. H. Forbush.
Probably a doubtful species.

247 Townsend's Sparrow.

(Passerella iliaca unalaschcensis. ) _

breeds.

248. Spurred Towhee.

(Pipilo maculatus megalonyx.)
East of Cascades. Breeds at Ashcroft.

38

Check List of

Winters

249. Oregon Towhee.

(Pipilo raaculatus oregonus.)
An abundant resident west of the Cascades,
on the coast.

250. Black-headed Grosbeak.

(Habia melanocephala.)
A summer resident east and west of Cascades.

251. Lazuli Bunting.

(Passerina amoena.)
An abundant summer resident, chiefly east of Cascades
and Rocky Mountain Districts. Rare on Vancouver
Island.

Family TANAGRID^. Tanagers.

252. Louisiana Tanager.

(Piranga ludoviciana.)
An abundant summer resident throughout the Province.
Breeds on the Island and Mainland.

Family HIRUNDINID^E. Swallows.

253. Purple Martin.

(Progne subis.)
A common summer resident, chiefly west of Cascades.
Within the last seven years have commenced breeding in
the cities of Victoria and New Westminster.

254. Cliff Swallow.

(Petrochelidon lunifrons.)
I have only found this bird east of the Cascades, where
in some localities along the Cariboo Road it is very
abundant.

255. Barn Swallow.

(Chelidon erythrogaster.)
An abundant summer resident throughout the Province.

256. Wliite-bellied Swallow.

(Tachycineta bicolor.)
The Province at large. Abundant.

British Columbia Birds.

89

257. Violet-green SwaUow.

^Tachvcineta thalassma.)
An abundLt summer resident throughout the Province.

258. Rough-Winged SwaUow

(Stelgidopteryx --?-;;•> .^ ^^^ ,,^, at

Common all over the Province. Breeds m
Beacon Hill.

Family AMPELID^. Waxwinos.

259 Bohemian Waxwing.

260. Oedar Bird.

Family LANIID^. Shrikes.
261. Northern Shrike.

262 White-rumped Shrike.

Xnius ludovicianus excubitondes.)
^ ? 7 Vancouver Island— A. H.

Chilliwhack— A. C iirooKs.

Maynard.

Family VIBEONID^. Vireos.

263. Red-eyed Vireo.

/Vireo olivaceus.) ni,;iHwVin.clr —

^ ^ J ninrk P Streator. Chiiliwnac"-

East of the Cascades -Clark if. »^

A. C. Brooks.

264. Warbhng Vireo.

(Vireo gilvus.) n.^.tnon summer resident.

East and west of Cascade.. -^^^Tim__

40

Check List of

265. Western Warbling Vireo.

(Vireo gilvus swainsoni.)
From the coast to the Kocky Mountains. Common
summer resident.

266. Oassin's Vireo.

(Vireo solitarius cassinii.)
East and west of Cascades only.

267. Plumbeous Vireo.

(Vireo solitarius plumbeus.)
Chilliv'hack — A. C. Brooks.

Summer resident.

I

Family MNIOTILTID^ Wood Warblbbs.

268. Orange-crowned Warbler.

(Helminthophila celata.)
East and west of Cascades. A summer resident.

269. Lutescent Warbler.

(Helminthophila celata lutescens.)

Chiefly west of the Cascades. A very abundant summer
resident on the coast.

270. Yellow Warbler.

(Dendroica sestiva.)

East and west of Cascades. Also Rocky Mountain Dis-
trict. An abundant summer resident.

271. Wuuljuii^ Yellow Warbler.

(Dendroica sestiva mmmam^^^

An abundant summer resident throughout the Province.

Note. — All our Yellow Warblers are known here by the
name of " Wild Canaries," and it is about time that this
absurd title should be dropped.

272. M3rrtle Warbler.

(Dendroica coronata.)

An abundant summer resident, chiefly west of the Cas-
cades.

British Columbia Birds.

41

273. Audubon's Warbler.

(Denclroica audubom.) Province.

274. Black-throated Gray Warbler.

(Dendroica nigrescens.) j^^

T have only noticed it on the coast.
Not common. 1 ^'^""^ ' ,,/^u„ck
Brooks reports it from Chdhwhack.

275. Townsend's Warbler.

(Dendroica townsendi.)
East and west of Cascades.

Not common.

,.JL: resident, chiefly we.t of Ca.a,,e.

277 GrinneU's Water-thruah.
278. Macgfflivray's Warbler.

(Geothlypi^ ""'«'. '"Tthrou-hout the greater por-
A common summer ^-'f "^^ trVa,.couver Maud. A

Uou of the P"™tird I''™a"y °" *' "°™'
bright, active httle mm,

here and there amoug the 1°" ^ ;„ 1339 by J. K-

N0TE.-In an old work, P^hsbe ^^ -^^.

Townsend, is a desonpt.on of ^ ^^^, ^-,,bler» (Hyl'^'-
;°hich the author named Mm ^_^^j f"-' 7^ "X
,„(»«), in t>o-"Tol> wis » old resident o^^tta^^'^y;
As the late Dr. loiunc anxious to Knu>v

Xrehis family now re;^';f,J' Jj" 'lU,!, and why it had
^hat species the "ame ' »d bee^^ PP^ ^^^ C„rat«r

been dropped, a"d "ro^e 'o Mn^^^_^.^^_ I„stitutum, for the

of Department ot ^y""' ,^ f^nowint; reply-— -

SlornS.tion,andrec«vedthe^^o^^^^^^

.^Sylvia tolmoei T"limes -vVarbler)— C«o"''W'»

5,; J ^-.i^-TXi^^-tr Both names were pub-
macgf^yray^,f l^rXto^i occurring on p. 3«.
lished m lo--^) '■"-'

42

Check List op

macKillivrayi occurs on p. 75, priority is conceded to the
latter."

279. Western Yellow-throat.

(Geothlypis trichas occidentalis.)

A common summer resident throughout the greater por-
tion of the Province.

280. PUeolated Warbler.

(Sylvania pusilla pileolata.)
A common summer resident, chiefly west of Cascades.

281. American Redstart.

(Setophaga ruticilla.)
Found throughout the southern portions of the Province,
and through the interior as far as Barkerville. Nowhere
common.

Family MOTACILLTD^. Wagtails and Pipits.

282. American Pipit.

(Anthus pensilvanicus.)

East and west of Cascades. Abundant. Found through-
out some winters on Vancouver Island.

Family CINCLIDiE. Dippers.

283. American Dipper.

"Water Ouzel." (Cinclus mexicanus.)

To be found on nearly every mountain stream in the
Province.

Family TROGLODYTll)^. Wrens.

284. Catbird.

(Galeoscoptes carolinensis. )

Common east and west of Cascades. Ra.'e on Vancouver
Island. Summer resident.

285. Rock Wren.

(Salpinctes obsoletus.)
T secured a specimen of this bird in June, 1884, at Bur-
rard inlet, the only one 1 ever saw on the coast. It is
common east of Cascades.

!

British Columbia Birds.

4d

286. Vigor's Wren.

(Thryothorus bewickii spilurus.)

A summer resident, chiefly west of Cascades. Breeds in
Beacon Hill Park. A fine songster.

287. Parkman's Wren.

(Troglodytes aedon parkmanii.)
A summer resident east and west of Cascades.

288. Westeiii Winter Wren.

(Troglodytes hiemalis pacificus.)
A resident. Chiefly on the coast. Abundant.

289. Tule Wren.

(Cistothorus palustris paludicola.)
I have found this bird only east of Cascades, where it is
very abundant around the lakes along the Cariboo Road.

Family CERTHITD^. Creepers.

290. California Creeper.

(Certhia familiaris occidentalis.)
East and west of Cascades. Common on Vancouver
Island.

Family PARIDiE. Nuthatches and Tits.

291. Slender-billed Nuthatch.

(Sitta carolinensis aculeata.)
Common east of Cascades. I found them s .'ry abundant
on the wooded hills near Cornwall's.

292. Red-breasted Nuthatch.

(Sitta canadensis.)
Common east and west of Cascades. Whiters on Van-
couver Island.

293. Pygmy Nuthatch.

(Sitta pygmsea.)
I have only found this bird east of Cascades.

I

44

Check List op

294. Mountain Chickadee.

(Parus gambeli.)

Wooded hills east of Cascaa 3, and Rocky Mountain
District.

295. Oregon Chickadee.

(Parus atricapillus occidentalis.)
A common resident west of Cascades.

296. Long-tailed Chickadee.

(Parus atricapillus septentrionalis.)

I found this bird very common on the wooded hills east
of Cascades, especially in the neighbourhood of Cornwall's.

297. Chesnut-backed Chickadee.

(Parus rufescens.)

A coninion resident west of Cascades. Breeds close to
this city.

Family SYLVIID^. Warblers, Kinglets.

298. Western Golden-crowned Kinglet.

(Regulus satrapa olivaceus.)
Abundant throughout the Western Cascade District.

299. Ruby-crowned Kinglet.

(Regulus calendula.)
Same distribution as last species.

Family TURDID-i$]. Thrushes, Solitaires and

Bluebirds.

300. Townsend's Solitaire.

(Myadestes townseudii.)

A rare bird, though T have found it both east and west
of Cascades, and have taken it in Jajiuary at Ladner's, on
the Lower Fraser.

ti

301. Willow Thrush.

(Turdus fuscescens salicicolus.)
Common east of Cascades. A summer resident.

British Columbia Birds.

46

302. Russet-backed Thrush.

(Tardus ustulatus.)
A common summer resident west of Cascades. I have
found it as far north as Dease Lake, Cassiar. Bre( ds in
the neighbourhood of this city. Nest in low bushes, or on
the broken, moss-covered tops of stumps. A restless,
active bird; a charming songster, whose clear, bell-like
notes are the first to waken the echoes of early morning,
and the last to linger long after the day has passed into
night.

303. Dwarf Hermit Thrush.

(Turdus aonalaschkse.)
West of Cascades, chiefly coastwise. Only noticed
during spri g, and am inclined to think that it does not
breed in this locality.

304. Western Robin.

(Morula migratoria propinqua.)
Abundant throughout the Province. Partially migra-
tory. A number winter on Vancouver Island.

305. Varied Thrush.

"Swamp Robin." (Hesperocichla naevia.)
Common west of Cascades. Partially migratory.

306. Western Bluebird.

(Sialia Mexicana.)
A common summer resident east and west of Cascades ;
more numerous on the coast.

307. Mountain Bluebird.

(Sialia arctica.)
A summer resident east of Cascades and Rocky Moun-
tain Districts, west, occasionally, to ChiUiwhack and other
points on the Lower Fraser.

o:
g

n
ii

0

a

r
1
c

Appendix.

47

APPENDIX.

The Western Cascade District may be described as a
wooded country, noted for its gigantic coniferous trees, some
of which reach a height of three htindred feet, the under-
growth consisting of vine-maple, willow and alder, beneath
which a rank growth of moss, matted weeds and ferns, a
state of things exists admirably adapted to retain that
moisture which, during the winter months, is so character-
istic of this North-West Coast. Of course on some parts
of Vancouver Island and along the Valley of the Fraser—
at the Delta, Pitt River, Langley, Sumas, and Chilliwhack
—open stretches of land occur, and these places may >«e
mentioned as the resort of most of the species, in fact very
little of bird life is met with in the deep woods. So that,
considering that such species as the Canadian Ruflfed
Grouse, Western Horned Owl, Hairy Woodpecker, Downy
Woodpecker, etc., species which are represented on the
Coast by the darker forms, are found throughout the
Rocky Mountain District and in the Cascade Mountains,
where the country is as thickly wooded and the foliage as
dense as that portion to the westward, it may be ques-
tioned whether sunlight and humidity are the chief factors
in bringing about this difference of plumage.

The Eastern Cascade District is a dry open country of
rolling hills, having their higher summits sparsely clotlied
with forests of coniferous trees, while such deciduous ones
as the aspen, dogwood, and willow are found skirting the
borders of rivers and small streams. Although there are
a few places where sagebuah and alkali are the prevailing
features, still this open country is wall supplied with
nutritious bunch grass, on which immense herds of cattle
graze the year round.

■

48

Appendix.

The Rocky Mountain District is essentially a country of
" forest, stream and mountain," interspersed with innumer-
able lakes, the breeding places of most of our water birds.

The forests consist chiefly of coniferous trees, though
birch, maple, and Cottonwood abound in many places.

An examination of the tablos below will give some idea
as to the difference in the humidity of the three districts.

I

ra;
W

Rain and Snow Fall.

Table giving total amount in inches of rain and snow
fall for a period of three years.

Dr. Watt, Observer.
Rocky Mountain District, Barkervii,i.e.

1888-89.

1889-90.

Rain. Snow, i Rain.

3.46,

July

August I 3.28

September | 2.30,

i , ;

October i 1.02! 31.0

November

December

J anuary

February ,

March

April

May

June

Total in inches

.32
4.25
3.09

.93

.80
.70

25.5;
34. oil

25.0

i
1.15! 18.6

.45

.46

3.70

2.38

19.70

11. 0:
12.01

:|

3.80
2.46

157.0,1 14.85

1890-91.

Snow. Rain.

1.5

3.85
4.25
3.05

1.0! 1.10

!:

19.01 1.65

32.0
12.5
20.5
38.0
37.0

161.5

.17
.50

.50
1.00
4.15

Snow.

20.22

12.5
15.0
43.0
21.0
16.0
23.0

6.5
.5

1.0

139.0

Appendix.

49

Table giving mean amount in inches of precipitation in
rain and melted snow for a period of 15 years, District
West of Cascades, taken at New Westminster.

Captain Peele, Observer.

ei
S
(3

a

si

V

1

<

§

•-5

4^

m

0

1
v:

1 October.

1

1

>
o

1

15 years.

1

mean

7.53

7.07 6.68 3.22

3.27

2.62

1.66

1.93 3.14 5.57 7.97 9.14

59.90

Table giving mean amount in inches of precipitation in

rain and melted snow.

John Murray, Esq., Observer.

District East of Cascades.

Spence's Bridge— for the year 1874 9 . 90

1877 7.83

Lillooet, „ 1880 8.32

1881 14.30

1882 8.97

Nicola Lake, „ 1884 9.73

Douglas Lake, „ 1884 10.62

Mean 9.98

VICTOKIA, B. C:
Printed by Richard Wolkendrn, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty.

I