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KINGSTON, ONTARIO

m^^^B^

SYNOPSIS

)

OF

CANADIAN FERNS AND FILICOID PLANTS,

BY

GEORGE LAWSON, Ph.D., LL.T).

pnOFKSSOR OF r ., tlSTBY AND NATCUAL HISTORY IN DALH0U8IE COLLEGE,
HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA.

J'^om the Edaiburgh New Philosophical Journal Jor January and April 1864.

EDINBURGH:
PRINTED BY NEILL AND COMPANY.

MDCCCLXIV.

,AM

Pl 0Z8

p

SYNOPSIS

Of

CANADIAN FERNS AND FILICOID PLANTS.

The following Synopsis embraces a concise statement of
what is known respecting Canadian ferns and lilicoid plants.
Imperfect as it is, I trust that it will prove useful to bo-
tanists and fern fanciers, and stiniulate to i.nowed dili-
gence in investigation. Tiie whole number of species
enumerated is 74. Of these 11 are doubtful. Farther in-
vestigation will probably lead to the elimination of several
of the doubtful species, which are retained for the present
with a view to promote inquiry ; but a few additional spe-
cies, as yet unknown within the boundaries of Canada, may
be discovered. The above number (74) may be regarded,
then, as a fair estimate- -perhaps slightly in excess— of the
actual number of ferns and Slicoid plants existing in Ca-
nada. The number certainly known to exist, after deduct-
ing the species of doubtful occurrence, is G3,

The number of species described in Professor Asa Gray's
exhaustive " Manual," as actually known to inhabit the
northern United States, that is to say, the country lying
to the pouth of the St Lawrence River and great lakes,
stretching to and including Virginia and Kentucky in
the south, ami extending westward to the Mississippi
Eiver, is 75. This number does hot include any doubtful
species.

The number described in Dr Chapman's " Flora," as in
habiting the Southern States, that is, all the states south of
Virginia and Kentucky and east of the Mississippi, is 69,*

* Mr D. C. Eaton, M.A., is author of that portion of Dr Chapman's " Flora"
which relates to the ferns.

5o0()6

w:M-'vmt

4 S'//no^)siti of (kmudian Fema and FUicoid Plants.

From tliof^t' Rtatomonts it will be flcen tliut wo luivo our duo
8haro of fcniH in Canada.

Tho wliolo nuiid)cr of forns in all the American States,
and tlio Britinli Nurtli American PrnvincoH, is estimated, in
a recent letter from Mr Eaton, as probuMy over 100.

In the lU'itisli It^lands there are about GO ferns and filicoid
plants. In inlands of warmer regions the numVir is greatly
increased. Thus IMr Eaton's Enumeration of the true ferns
collected by Wright, Scott, and Hayes, in Cuba, embraces
357 Bi)ecie8. Tho proportions of ferns to phanerogamous
plants in tho floras of different countries are thus indic^-teJ
by Professor Balfour, in tho " Class Book of Botany," page
!il)8, ^ 1G04: — *' In tho low plains of the great continents
within tho tropics ferns aro to phanerogamous plants as 1 to
20 ; en the mountainous parts of the great continents, in
the same latitudes as 1 to 8 or 1 to 6 ; in Congo as 1 to 27 ;
in New Holland as 1 to 20. In small islands, dispersed ovor
a wide ocean, the proportion of ferns increases ; thus, while
in Jamaica the proportion is 1 to 8, in Otabeite it is 1 to 4,
and in St Helena and Ascension nearly 1 to 2. In tho
temperate Zone, Ilunjboldt gives tho proportion of ferns to
phanerogamous plants as 1 to 70. In North America tho
proportion is 1 to 35 ; in France 1 to 58 ; in Germany 1 to
62; in tho dry parts of South Italy as 1 to 74; and in Oreeco
1 to 84. In colder regions tho proportion increases ; that is
to say, ferns decrease more slowly in number than phane-
rogamous plants. Thus, in Lapland, tho proportion is 1 to
25 ; in Iceland 1 to 18 ; and in Greenland 1 to 12. The
proportion is least in the middle temperate zone, and it
increases both towards the equator and towards tho pole3 ;
at tho same time it must bo remarked, that ferns reach their
absolute maximum in the torrid zone, and their absolute
minimum in the arctic zone."

Canada consists of a belt of land, lyir.g to the north of
tho St Lawrence River and tho great lakes. By these it
is separated, along nearly the whole extent of its south-
eastern and western boundaries, from tho northern United
States, which thus enclose Canada on two sides. A striking
resemblance, amounting almost to identity, is therefore to
be looked for in the floras of the two countries. Yet species
appear in each that arc absent in the other.

raa

Synopsis of CaiuuUnu Ferns and Filkuid I'Unifs.

A

duo

The Bpccies of forii} and fllicoiil plantn wliicli aro cer-
tiiinly Cana<lian, nuinhor . . . 6.i

Ortlicsa thoro inlmbit tlic Nortlicvn States, . .08

Do. <i<). Ht>uthern Htatos, . 38

Do. do. Europo, . . '¥)

Tlio following tablo ifl designed to kIiow some of the geo-
graphical relations of our Canadian ferns. The first column
^^I.) refers exclusively to the occurrence of the species with-
in the Canadian boundary. The plus sign ( + ) indicates that
the species is general, or at least does tot show any decided
tendency towards the extreme eastern or western, or noithcrn
or southern parts of the province. The letters N, H, E, W,
<fec., variously combined, indicate that the species is so
limiU'd i J iho corresponding northern, southern, eastern, or
w^itc D parts of the province, or at least has a well-defined
te^^abiicy to such liiiiitation. The mark of interrogation (?)
si^rifioa dcubt ae to the ocv-urrenco of the species. The
K.^nond column (II.) sbcws what Canadian species occur
aV'O Jii the NrrtVorr S.a^ct;, that is the region embraced by
A, Grp}''-' TTanuai ; iU>d Uie third column (III.) those thut
extend down "oulh into Chapman's territory. The fourth
column (IV.) sIiowg the occurrence of our species in Europe ;
C in this column indicating Continental Europe, and B the
British Islands. The fifth or last column (V.) shows tho
species that extend northwards into tho Arctic circle —
35 in all, of vhich, however, only 14, or perhaps 15, aro
known to bo arctic in America. Am, As, Eu, and G in-
dicate respectively Arctic America, Arctic Asia, Arctic
Europe, and Arctic Greenland. Tho information contained
in the last column has been chiefly derived from Dr
Ilooker's able Memoir in tho Linnean Transactions (vol.
xxiii. p. 251).

Hitherto no attention whatever has been paid, in Canada,
to tho study of those remarkable variations in form to which
the species of ferns are so peculiarly liable. In Britain, the
study of varieties has now been pursued by botanists so
fully as to show that the phenomena which they present
have a most important bearing upon many jdiysiological
and taxological questions of the greatest scientific interest.
The varieties arc studied in a systematic manner, and the
laws of variation have been to a certain extent ascertained.

n Si/fi'ypm't of OtntitUnn Ferna and FUicoid FUinfa.

And an t!n) ttHtrouoiiier can point out the exiMtcuco of a
planet before it linn boon seon, anil tlie cliumiHt coii con-
itruct formiiliu for orgaiiir coinpomulu — moinbtTS of liouio-
logoiiH 8orio8 — in anticipation of their actual discovery, »o,
in like nmuiier the ptcriihilugirtt now Htuilii-s the variations
of Hpecies hy ti coniparativo nyHtcm, which enahles him to
look for ecjuivahnt lorniH in tiio coircbponding species of
dilferent groups. Studies so pursued are calculated to
evolve more accurate ami definite notions as to the real
naturo of species, and the laws of divergence in form of
which they are capal»le. I would therefore earnestly invite
Canadian hotanists to a more careful study of the varieties
of tho Canadian ferns, after tiio manner of Moore and other
European leaders in ihis conqiaratively now path. Tho
elasticity, or proneness to variation, of the specie.-t in certain
groups of animals and plants has been somewhat rashly
used to account for the origin of species, by what is called
tho process of variation. It seems to tell all the other way.
rninimerahlo as are tho giotcsciuo variations of ferns, in
forkings, and frillings, ami tassellings, and abnormal veiu-
ings, <fec. (sec the figures in IMoorc's works), we do not know
of a single species in which such peculiarities have becomo
permanent or general, that is sptcijiv, so that the species
can bo traced back to such an origin ; surely something of
the kind would have happened had all species originated by
a process of variation.

Tabular View of the Distribution of Canadian Ferns and Allied
Plants over certain juirts of the Northern Hemisphere*

Name.

I.

II.

Is

+
+
+
+

III.

li

+
+

IV.

V.

•-i

PotYPODIACE^.

1. Poly podium vulgare, . ,

2. P. liexagonopterum, . . .

3. P. Phegopteris, ....

4. P. Dryopteris

+
+
+

+

C.B.

C.B.
C.B.

Eu.

Eu. G.

Eu.Am.G.

* In tho ubnvo Table, tlio doubtful species are included; but all reference
tu varieties is omitted.

I

tSi/nopaii oj Cnnadian Fumt a:»d FUkoid riantt. 7

Nami.

5. P. Uobcrtlaniitn, . .
0. A'liuntum pudatum, ,

7. VUm» uiiiiiliim, . .

8. IN^ln'a atr(>|>iirpurca, .

9. AlloHorni Stollori,

10. CryittDgniiiiiiiu acroitichoido,

11. Struthiopteri* j^enuttaictt,

12. Onoolua i»«!n«ibilia,
i;i. Anpluiiiiiui Triohonianoi,

14. A. viritlu

l/J. A. un^juHtifoliain, . .
1(1. A. olieneuiii, . . .

17. A. n.arinuiii, . . .

18. A. tlu'lyptcroidcii,
1!). A, iiiotitunuiiii . . .

20. A. lluta-iimraria. . .

21. Atliyrium Filix-laMnina,

22. Woudwardia virginioa,

23. Scol(»|>on(lrium viilj;aro,

24. Caiuptosorus rhizophj-Uus,
2.*^. Lttstroa dilatata, . .

26. L. margiiialis, . . .

27. L. Filix-maB, . . .

28. L. cristata

29. L. (iolilieana, . , .

30. L . iVagrans, . . .

31. L. Thelyptorig, . .

32. li. Nov-Eboraccnsis, .

33. rolystichum angularo,

34. P. Lonchiti8, . . .

35. P. acroatichoi(lc8, .

36. Cystopteris fragilis, .
37" C. bulbifeii, . . .

38. Dennstaudti.i punotilobuli

39. Woodaia Jivensis,

40. \V. alpina, ....

41. W. glabella, . . .

42. \V. obtusa, ... .

43. Osmunda regalia, . .

44. 0. cinnamomoa, .

45. O. Claytoniana, . .
40. Schiza'a pusilla, . .

II. HI.

??

c.u.

Eu.

Am.
Ku.

£u. Q.

C.B.

c.ri.

C.B,

Eu.
Eu.

Eu. Am.
Eu. G.

• I •

As,Am,0

Eu.
Eu.Am.G

C.B. Eu.Am.G.

C.B

/Eu. As.
(Am. G.
Eu. G.
Am.

8 Synoptic o/Cnnmlian Finif and Filicttft Phmfn.

Saum.

OvnumumtAVf.M.
4^. Uoh\ ' , vlrginicum,

48. H. Im li li'i,

40. H. LunarU,

no. 0|ihiogloiiaum vulgatuiii,

Lycopodia* r.r..

51. riatianthui Suiugo, , . .

62. P. I'icidiiluii

fi3, P. olo{wouroi(lci

m, p. mun<latii«

flfl. Lycopodiiim oluvatum, . ,

lid. L. annotiniini

57. L. <lun !r(»i(l«!ijin, . , , ,

58. L. i'oin|ilunatuiii, , ,
60. ScIuginoUa npinuloga, . .

60. Htncliygvnuniln.iii nipoBtr", .

61. Di))luatuch)-uin u|hkIuiii, . .

^rAnsiT.RACB.K.

62. AzoUa curoliniana, . . ,

63. Stilvinif, trntuiis

64. Iioetes lucuitri», , , » ,

Equi^etacrj'.

65. Ecpjisotiun sylvaticum, . .

66. E. umbro8uiu, . . • • .

67. E. arvensG

03. E. Telmatcja, . . » . .

69. E. limosiiu., . . . . .

70. E. hyeinulo, . . • . .

71. E. robustum, . ^ , , ,

72. E. variegatura, , . . ,

73. E, scirpoiJos, , , * , .

74. E. palustre, , . . . .

+
+
N.

N.?

+
If

+
+

+

+

N.E.

S.
??

+

+
+

w.

+

+
+

N.E.

+

N.

III. IV.

+

» » •

+

+
•f

+

+

+

+

+
+
+
+

+

+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+

1

?

c.n

CD

C.B

c.

• • •

; C.B

C.B.
IC.B.

C.
C.B.

V.

II

F.U. O.

Eli. 0.
Eu.

(Eu. A\
(Am. O.

Eu. O.
E'ji.AiQ.O.

*fti

Ku. .\i.

Eu. 0.

C.
C.B.

Eu. 0.

C.n.Eu.Am.G.
C.B. I Eu.

C.B.l(f tf*
(Am. U.

CB

C.B.
C.B.

C.B.

C.
C.B.

Eu.
Eu.

(Eu.Am.?

\ o,

I Eu. Ai.
(Am. 0.
Eu. Am.

SjnrjjHit'^ "J Ganadian Ftimi ami Filicoid V mit.

yat. Ont. rOLYI'ODIACK.*;.

/'. vnlfj.tn-, I/mn, -Fniii'l liniur .iWU.ny; or toiiu!wl>»t Un.-rolatfl, mof^
or l«ti< ttciuiiliuilit, ilouply |tiiirii'fitlil, ill "toitiu i'ormi •Iiikh' piimutu ;
lobw (or |»iiumv limmroblonn, obtu»«, oftmi muIm, raroly aiumiitate,
i.ntiru or ermmlv >r Mtrralu ; -<>ri Urnu ; wry vnriablit a* n-gunN ouUiiiw
of Ihi fr«»ii I, form, &«., oflho loboa, and wtrrature. /*. vnl^afe, Liiiii., A.
i\t%y iNntort), /to. /'. viiijinianum of EiiKli»h Ka^l^)ll•. /'. vulytrt,
v»r. rtf«mVa«u»rt, Il'wk., T..rr«jy Fl. N. Y.,ll. 4H0.— t»n mckn In th«
w.mmU, not ruro uroiiml thii c'ty itf Klnj^ton ; abundant on t: o nn-ky
baiikri of tliu H» La\vr.'ii«-«, in I'ittjibur^pj ; in the v ciod« at Culllns'* Uny ;
and on Judne Malloch'i farm, a milo weit f • IJrocUvillo ; Uan«MtK|ii«
Iftkon iind rivor«; KaruicrnvilUi ; Novvboroni • Uldt lu ; Toronto; on
th« Krttttt boiiUlur of tlio 'Irint Valluy, near i r. /iton ; on r.K!k« wi-st from
iJrockvillo, ouUTop of P..t«ilaia Sand«t.)no at 0<ford, wul Hull inoun
ttti.iH nuai ChfUua, C'.K , H. IJiilinK-. jr ; near Catinnuu MilU, H.
MMiillivray, M.I).; Mount Joimnon, t;.h., and Niagara Hi vur, I'. W,
MaduK'ttn, M.I).; Hrit^bton. in tho crovlce of a rook In a fiwld, and
obundant on r.wky banks, ri^ht bunk of tlio Moira, alK>vo Ik-lU-villo, J.
Mttcoun; UiiiuHay, Uov. J. K. MMorino, M.A. ; northwuHt from (Irani to
Point, Lako Suiwrior. U. iJt.ll, jr. ; mountain top, near Mr nryd^e't
homo, Hamilton. C.VV.. Judge LokIo ; Uivor Uougo and lowor t-nd of
V.ut liaVc, W. a. M. D'Urban ; CajK. Haldiinaiid. Oui«|.l-, John Uill. U.A. ;
Ufd lUvcr Sottloiiiont. (iovonior M'Tavi«h ; I'iod ihi rap Tourmento,
M. li'Abhii Provunohur; L'OriK-nal and Gr.invillo, C.E., J. Ikill B.A.
Tho hubitath ahovo citoil show tliat althougu this forn in not to common
in Oanada a» in Hritain, it is novurtlitdosH widoly distrib itt-d. It is coin-
m(m in Now York State, according to Trofessor Torroy ; and in tho
Northom StatcH genorally, according to I'rofoMor A«a Uray ; ruror in
tho South, according to I )r Chapman.

I\ hexaijonoptenim, '>'ich. — Froi'd triungidar in outline, acuminata,
pinnate, hairy throughout ; pinnrc broadly lanoeolato, pinnatifid ; lowest
pair of piiinu" larger tiuui tho others, not deflexeit ; lobes of the pinna)
iir'car-oblong or lanceolate, strongly tootlied, or almost pikinatifid. Tho
decur ent pinnaj liaire a tondoncy to form conspicuous irregular angled
wing« along the rachis. Stipe not sc-'v except at tlie base. Rhizome
long, slender, ramifying. Wliole plant much largor than /'. riuyopterit,
and quite a {litlerent species. P. hcxagonoptei^mi, Michx , A. Gray, &c.
The tiguro in Lowe's Ferns, vol. i. p. H'J, tab. 49, is a little too much
like Fhegopteris. P. Phnjopterin y. viojxs, Hook, Fl. lior. Amer., ii.
p, 258. Hooker's d tutemiedia of Fhegopteris is conntCtUc, Willd ,
which A. Gray refers to P. Plieijopteru, L. Ph>'<joptcri» htXiujonnptera,
J. am. Cat., p. 17.— Canada, Goldie in Hook. Fi. B. Amer. ; Chippawa,
C. W., P. W. Maclagan, M.D. ; Mirwin'a Woods, near Prescott, rare
B. liillinp^, jr. ; near VVestminstor Pond, London. \V. Saunders. Not
by any means eo general in ('anada aa in New York State, where, Pro-
fessor Torrey states, it is conimou.

P. Phetjopieris, Linn.— Frtmd acutely triaiigulrtr In outllr.fi,

acsimi-

B

10 Synopsis of Canadian Ferns and Filiroiil Plants,

natfl, pinnate ; the pinnm Uneur-lttncoolak', i)innatifi(l, lowest pair do
floxcil ; lohcs of tlio jtinnT (tblonp;, si.'^tluvshaptMl, nhtiisc', approximate,
( ntiro ; racliis liuiry and minutely scaly to t!ic ap(3X of thu frond, a.s well
as the mid-ribs of the pinnrr. P. Phigopterin, Linn., A. Gray, Moore,
(S:c. Phi'ijDjttii'in vvf'-aris, J. Sm. /'. conmi'tite, Michx., Pnrsh I'M.
Am. Sept., cd. 2, vou ii. p. G50. — Canada, Hooker; IJlack Lead Falls
and Do 8alabcrry, west lino, \V. S. M. D'Urban ; Ramsay, Rev. J. K.
M'Morine, M.A. ; Nlcolot, P. W. Madaffan, M.D. ; Prescott, damp
woods, not common, Osjjfood Station of tlic Uttawa and Prescott Rail-
way, also Ciloucoator, near Ottawa, growinji; on the side of a ravine, and
Chelsea, C.E., B. Hillings, Jr ; opposite (irand Island, Lake Superior,
R. Ht'll. jr. ; L'()ri,u;nal and irarrinii;ton, J. Hell, H.A.

J'. Di'iiiiptcriif, Linn. — Frond tliin, liglit-groen, pentangular in outline,
consisting of tlirce divaricate triangular subdivisions, each of which is
])innute, with its pinnae more or less deeply pinnatifid ; pinnules oblong,
obtuse, nearly entire ; stijje slender and weak, not glandulose. P. I>rij~
optcris, Linn., A. Gray, Moore. &c. Ph<'(j<>pteri8 Dri/itpt' rits, J. Sm. —
Abundant in the woods around Kingston ; Ramsay, Rev, J. K. M'Morine,
M.A. ; very common in woods about Prescott, H. Hillings, jr. ; Montreal
and Niculet Rivers, C.K., P. W. Maclagan, M.l). ; Belleville, common
in the woods, J. Macoun ; opposite Grand Island, Lake Superior, R.
Bell, jr. ; River Rouge, Round Lake, Montreal, De Salaberry, west
line, and Black Lead Falls, \V S. M. D'Urban ; Js'cvvfoundland, La-
brador; Somerset and St Joachim, M. L'Abbe Provancher; L'Orignal,
J. Bell, B.A.

I'ar. (3. erectum. — Frond erect, rigid, with a very stout and very long
glabrous stipe (18 inches long) ; beech woods at CoUins's Bay, near King-
ston, with the normal form. Tliis variety resembles P. liobertianiun in
general asjiect, but is not at all glandulose.

P. RohcrtiiDiinn, llofl'man. — A stouter plant than P. Dryoptrris ,
fronds more rigid and erect ; rachis, (cc , closely beset with minute-
stalked glands. P. Eohertianinn, HofTnian, Moore, Sea. P. culcari nm,
Sm. P. Dnjoptei'it*, var. calcareum, A. Gray. — Canada, Moore aiul
other authors ; United States, Gray and otiiers. This species is com-
moidy sjioken and written of as a Canadian Fern. Not having liad an
opportunity of seeing Canadian specimens, I cannol cite special habitats,
The minutely glandulose rachis serves at once to distinguish it.

ADiANTUM.

A. pedatiim, Linn. — Stijie black and shining, erect, forked at top,
the forks secundly branched, the branches bearing oblique triangular
oblong pinnules. A. pedatmu, Linn., A. Gray, &c., Lowe's Ferns,
vol. iii. pi. 14. Abundant in vegetable scU in the woods around King-
ston ; woods around the iron mines at Newboro-on-the-Ilideau ; Farmers-
v'lle ; Toronto ; Montreal, Chipi)awa, Wolfe Island, and Maiden, P. W.
Maclagan. M.D. ; Belleville, in ricii woods, abundant, J. jNIacoun ;
Ramsay, Rev. J. K. M'Morino, M.A. ; Ke-we-naw Point, R. Bell, jr. ;
at the Sulphur Spring, and common everywhere aljout Iiamilton, Judge
Logic : Lake Huron. Hook. Fl. B. A. ; Do Salaberry, west line, W. S.
M. D'Urban; on the Gatineau, near Gilmour'.s rafting ground, D.

'MM-m-',

Synopsis of Canadinn Ferns and FlHcoid Plants.

11

M'GiUivniy, M.D. ; Lnn<lon, W. Saunders; St Joachim and Mo St
Paul Moiitrcal, M. L'Al.bc I'rc.vancl.cr ; West Hawkcsbury and Orcn-
villo C.l'u, J. Hell, 15. A. Ai.|.uivntl>' oonnnon cvorywluTe m Upp^r
Canada. I cannot speak so dcanitoly of the Lower Province Has «
one of our finest Canadian ferns; "the most jrracofnl and deliratc ot
North American ferns" says Torroy. It is easily cultivated. I'uu'. aa
it is in the C.iuadian woods, I have specimens even more handsome troni
Schoolcy's Mountains (A. 0. Brodio, Ceyh.n Civil Service) ; their ian-
like fronds si)read out in a semicircle, with a raduis of 2\ feet. It is not
a variable species in Canada. T. Moore, in " Index Filicum," gives its
distribution as N. and N.W. America, California to Sitka, ^orth India,
Sikkim, Nepal, Gurwhal, Simla, Kuumon, Japan. There is a vav. f:>.
ukuticnni, Rupr., in the Aleutian Islands.

Ptruis.

Pt. aquiUua, Linn.— Stipe stout, 1 to 3 feet high, frond ternale,
branches bipinnate, pinnules oblong luncoolato, sorl continuous under their
recurved margins. Pt. wjaillna, Linn., A. Gray, Moore, &c.— Abundant
on Dr Yates's farm in Pittsburg, and elsewhere about Kingston ;\Vater-
do\'nRoad, Hamilton, common, Judge Logic; Chippawa and Maiden,
C.W , P. W. Maclagau, M.D. ; Ramsay, Rev. J. K. M'Monne, M.A. ,
I'rescott, common, 13. lUllings, jr.; Relleville, very comraori on barren
ridges J. Macoun; Grand Island, Lake Superior, R. Bell, jr-i l^^.l
Lake River, also between Wild Rice and Red Lake Rivers, and Otter
Tail Lake and River, between Snake Hill River and Pembina <S:c.,
J. C. Schultz, M.D. ; Black Lead Falls, and Portage to Bark Lake,
\V. S M. D'Urban; Gatineau Mills, very couuuon, I). M'Gillivray,
M I) Lakefield, North Douro, Mrs Traill; New Brunswick, Hook.
Fl Bor. Amer. ; L'Orignal, J. Beil, B.A. ; London, W. Saunders.

a. i;c,:t.— Pinnules plnnatlfid (tho normal or typical form of Moore),
Dr Yates's farm, Kingston. ,

13. intoiernma.—Vinnulcs entire (a sub- variety), common in Canada
and westward. There are various other sub-varieties, diflfering in size,

pubescence, &c.

y. decipkns.— Frond bipinnate, thin and membr-nous, lanugmose,
1 innules pinnatifidly toothed, or, in small forms, entire, barren ; L'Anse
u Cabiclle, Gaspe, John Bull, B.A. This is a very remarkable tern,
resembling a Lastrea, and in the absence of fructification, it is doubt-
fully referred to Ptcris aqidlina, yet tlie venation seems to indicate that
it belongs to that species, which is remarkable for its puzzling forms.
Being at a loss what to make of this fern, I sent it to ]Mr D. C. Eaton,
M.A^, who is justl- h)uked up to by American botanists as out best
authoritv on American ferns, and he likewise failed to recognise it. I
liope some visitor to CJasp.' will endeavour to obtain it in a fertile state,
and thus relieve the doubt.*

[Yar. 5. caudata appears occasionally in lists. I have as yet no
satisfactory evidence of its occurrence in Cauiida proper. The nearest

* Siiu-e ilic iibovi: was w

i-ilicii. I havt: liii>l :in oiiinirtiuiity of .-^'.udyii

t!;

fdviiis and (loviloiniiriit of Ptcris o'jui

Joublful plant, is a statu of tliat species, not <.1<1 eieni;

Una, and am ijuili' satisfied that tlia

rh til be fertili

1 2 Si/nopsis of Canadian Ferns and Filicoid Plants.

approach to it is a specimen from tho Hudson's Buy territories, probably
from the Roil lliver District (Governor M'Tavish). In the South it is a
vary distinct form, of which there uro beautiful specimens in Wright's
Cuban Plants (No. 872), and is very close to the Ptcri$ tsculenta of
Australia.]

P. atrrrpurpnrea, Link. — Stiiio and rachis almost blaok, shininj?,
r> to 12 inches high, frond coriaceous, pinnate, divisions opposite, linear-
oblong or somewhat oval. Pteris atropurpurea, Linn. Platyloma
atrop., J. Sm., Torr. Fl. N, Y., ii. p. 488. AUomvus atropnqmrcus,
A. Gray. Pelhva atropurpurea. Link., Fin', J. Sm. in Cat., Eaton. — ■
Niagara Ilivcr, at the Whirlpool, three miles below the Falls. This
fern seems to retain its fronds all winter, for I have fertile specimens, in
a fine state, collected at the Whirlpool at the end of February 1859 by
A, O. Brodie. Dr P. W. Maolagan has also collected it there. It is
not common anywhere on the American Continent so far as I can learn.
Mr Lowe c^.caks of it as in cultivation in Britain, " an evergreen frame
or greenhouse species, not sutficiently hardy to stand over winter's cold."
There must be some other reason for ws^iL of success in its cultivation
in Britain.

ALtOSOllUS,

A. Stelleri, Iluprccht. — Fronds pale-green, thin and papery, 3 to 9
inches long, bipinnate or tripinnate, some of the smaller barren fronds
scarcely more than pinnate ; pinnte five or six pairs; lobes of the barren
frond, rounded, oval, veiny; of the fertile frond, much narrower, linear-
lanceolate, firmer ; sori at the tips of th^ forked veins along the margins,
stipe red. whole plant glabrous. A beautiful and delicate fern, growing
in the crevices of rooks, rare. Allosorns Stelleri, Ledeb. Fl. Rossica.
Allosorvx fjracllis, Presl., A. Gray, Torrey Fl. N. Y. ii. p. 487. In
a letter from Mr T. Moore (1857), he mentioned to me that he had
learned from specimens from Dr Regel, St Petersburg, that *' the North
American Allosorus gracilis was the old Pteris Stelleri of Amman, so
that it spreads from North America through Siberia to India, whence Dr
Hooker has it." Alloaorus niinutiis, Turcz. PI. Exs. Cheilanthes
(iracilis,K\f. Cryptogramma gracilis, Torrey. Pteris Stelleri, GmeVm.
Pteris minuta, Turcz. Cat. PI. Baik. Dah. Ft. gracilis, Michaux. —
Near Lukefield, North Douro, C.W., on rocks, Mrs Traill ; abundant in
crevices of limestone rocks, on the rocky banks cf the Moira, Belleville,
Co. Hastings, J. Macoun ; Lake of Three Mountains, W. S. M. D'Urban ;
Canada to the Saskatchewan, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ; Dartmouth, Gaspe,
John Bell, B.A. This is a northern species, and rare in the United
States,

Cryptookamma.

C. acrosiichoiiles, R. Br. — " Remarkable for Its sporangia extending
far down on the oblique veins, so as to form linear lines of fruit." I
have not seen the ])lant. It is referred by Sir William Hooker to
Allosorus crispus (A. Gr. in Enum. of Dr Parry's iiky. Mtn. Plants).
Cri/ptogramma acrostlchoiihs, R. Br., Moore. Allosorhs acrostichoides,
A. dr. — Isle Royale, Lake Superior, Placed in Dr Hotker's lable as a

I

Synopsis of Cunudian Fcrna and Filicoid Plants.

1:5

Canadian species that does not extend into the United States. ^ It haa
recently been found on the Rocky Mountains. Alloi-ni>^ cn»i)vs is
general throughout Europe, and occurs at Sitka, in North- West America.
Mr Moore observes that the Eastern (Indian) species, A. Bmnoniuna,
is very doubtfully distinct from the European plant.

Struthioptf.ris.
8. germanica var. /3 jpenmyZvcmca.— Rhizomo stout, erect ; fronds
tufted ; sterile ones large pinnate, erect- spread ir^r, deeply pinnatitid ; the
fertile ones erect, rigid, with revolute contracted divisions, wholly covered
on the back by sporangia. A very graceful fern, well suited for cultiva-
tion in gardens. Stnithiopteris pennsylvanica, Willd., Pursh, J. Sni.
Cat. S. germanica, Hooker, Torrcy Fl. N. Y. ii. p. 486, Gray. Os-
mnnda Struthioptcria, Linn. ; Onoclea St.-ithiopterh, Schkr. ; Onocka
nodnlosa, Schkr., according to Hooker. Torrey refers O. nodulosa,
Michx., to WoodwardiaamjHstifolia.—FranWiWe, Kitley ; Longpoint ;
Lansdowno; Hardwood Creek; usually found along the ui vrgins of
creeks, &c. ; common in rich, wet woods near Preacott, and abundant
around Ottawa, B. Billings, jr. ; low rich grounds, Belleville, abundant
along Cold Creek, J. :Macoun ; Re-we-naw Point, Lake Superior, in
low ground, at times under water, R. Bell, jr. ; Ramsay, Rev. J. K.
M'Morine, M.A. ; near Lakefield, North Douro, Mrs Traill, field
beyond Waterdown, Hamilton, Judge Logic ; Osnabruck and Prescott
Junction, Rev. E. M. Epstein ; near Montreal, W. S. M. D Urban ;
Assiniboine River, John C. Schultz, M.D. ; Canada, to the Saskatchewan,
Hook. Fl. Bor. A. ; Pied du. Tourmente, M. L'Abbe Provancher. Th.a
is the commonest plant in the Bedford Swamps ; Gaspc and L'Orignal,
J. Bell, B.A. ; London, W. Saunders. Found in the western y&vt ot
New York State, but rare according to Torrey.

Onoclea.
O. semihilis, Linn.— Rhizome creeping; barren frond broad, leafy,
deeply pinnatifid ; fertile ones erect, spicate, contracted, doubly pinnate,
with small revolute pinnules, enclosing the sporangia, not at all leafy.
Onoclea senaihilis, Linn., A. Gr., J. Sm., &c. Lowe's Ferns, vol. vi.
pi. 1— In woods along the banks of the Little Cataraqui Creek in great
abundance, and in moist swampy places in the woods in various other
places about Kingston; wtst end of Loborough Lake; Becanoour, M.
L'Abbe Provancher ; London, W. Saunders ; common in marshy ground
at Hamilton, Judge Logic ; Lakefield, North Douro, Mrs Traill ; St
John's, C. E., Niagara and Maiden, P. W. Maclagan, M.D. ; Belle-
ville, in low marshy places, abundant, J. Macoun ; Ramsay, Rev. J. K.
M'Morine, M.A. ; Amagos Creek, Lake Superior, R. Bell, jr. ; Prescott,
common, B. Billings, jr.; on the river shore, Gatineau Mills, D.
M'Gillivray, M.D. ; L'Anse au Cousin, Gaspd and L'Orignal, J. Bell ;
Nova Scotia. This curious fern has neen cultivated in England since
1699; at Kew, since 1793. It is very variable as regards the outline
and subdivision of the barren frond.

Var. /3. 6i29m}iaia.— Fronds bipiniiate ; perhaps not a constant form .
Fertile fronds of this variety originated the 0. uhtasllobata, Schkr.
Peche River, and near Cantley, Hull, D. ?n'Gillivray, M.D.

14 Sijnopsis of Canadian Fcrna and FUlcoid PhinU.

AsPLENItTM.

A. Trichomanes, Linn. — Frond small, narrow, linear, pinnate ; jiinjinp
roundish-oblong or oval, ol)li([iie, almost sossilo, crcnatc : racliis blackish
brown, shining, niarginetl ; sori distant from tho midrib. Asi^mnim
TrlchomancK, Linn., Mooro, Oroy, &c., liowo's l-'orns, vol. v. pi. 22.
Asp. melanocaii/on, Willd., Tursh. Fl. Sept. Amoric. ii. p.^ (»00.
Anp. anc<ps, Lowe. — Inhabits rocky river banks, &c., but is not
common in Can da. On rocky bunks, at Marble Rock, on tho Cla-
naiioquo River ; Namainse, dry ground on tho top of a mountain,
11. JUuU, jr. ; rocky woodlands west from Rrocliville, raro, U. IJillinga,
jr. ; Montreal, Jones's Falls and Niagara, P. \V. Maclugan, M.D. ; Lake
Medad, Hamilton, Judge Logic; Pittsburg, near Kingst .n. John Roll,
R.A. ; Pied (^u cap Tourmente, M. L'Abb6 Provancher; near Uello-
villo, J. iNIacoun.

0. dclicatulum. — Frond narrower, pinnrc much smaller, thinner, and
wider apart tlian in tho normal form. This is a sub-variety, passing by
intermediate states into the typical plant, which is the common form of
northern Europe. The variety is the prevalent form in Canada, but
also occurs farther south in the United States, for I have specimens
from Catskill (A, O. Brodie), and is not confined to the American con-
tinent, for Professor Caruel, the acute author of" Flora Italian;'," sends
specimens of a similar form from Florence. Tiiereis an Aap. Trick, var.
mojus in Cuba (according to Mr Eaton's Enumeration of Wriglit's
Cuban ferns). A. anccps is a Madtiran form, not distinguishable, so
far as I can see, from common European states oi A. Trichomanes.

A. viride, Hudson.— Frond small, linear, piimate , pinna3 roundish-
oblong or oval, more or less cuneate at base, slightly stalked, crenate or
slightly lobed ; rachis bright green ; sori approximate to tho midrib ;
in outline of frond and general aspect resembles the preceding spec'es.
A. viride, Hudson, Flora Anglioa, 385 ; Sm., Bab., Moore, &c. A.
Trichomanes, /3 ramosum, Linn. — This beautiful alpine fern was found
in Canada for the first time last summer, having been collected in con-
siderable quantity at Gaspc, C.E., by John Bell, B.A., who formed one
of a party of the Provincial Geological Survey. It was previously
known to occur sparingly in N.W. America, at one spot op the Rocky
Mountains, and in Greenland. Mr Bell's discovery of its occurrence in
Gaspu is therefore extremely interesting in a geographical point of view.
The Gaspd specimens although young, agree perfectly with the typical
European form of A. viride, of which I have a full series of Scotch ex-
amples, as well as others collected in Norway by T. Anderson, M.l).
In youiig specimens the pinna; are usually large, thin, and more cuneate
and lobod than in the mature plant, in which they are roundish-ovate.

A. angu)itifulium,Wuihx.— Frond large (1 to 3 feet high), annual, lan-
ceolate, pinnate ; pinnae long, linear-lanceolate, acute ; fertile fronds
more contracted than the barren ones, " bearing sixty to eighty curved
fruit dots on the upper branches of the pinnate forcing vein*," (Eaton).
.•1. an(justifolium, Michaux, A. Cray, Eaton, J. Smith, Lowe's Ferns,
vol. V. pi. 24. "In Canada this fern appears to be confined to the o.x-
treme south-western point of the province ;* Maiden, P. W. Maclagan,

* Subsequuully found in tlie BoUevillo district by Mr Macoun.

|{
k
ii
L

a

71
.1
I
t
t

i

Sunoi>8ls of Cnnnflian tVrns and Filicoid Plants.

15

M D • at tho Oil WoUs, township of Enn.slt.l en, ^'.^'^y Ak-xan. er
lUmo\\. For information of tho latter Btation 1 am uidobtcl o tho
k nl « of Judgo l.o«io of Hamilton. This foru apj.ear. to bo Bhll r a o
in cultivation amon^ tlu, fern fanciers of Kuropo. It was .ntro.luced to
Mritain in 1812 by Mr John Lyon of Dundoo.

T"'. 1" nu Ait.n.-Frond erect, knco-linear. pin; .-to ; pmnro numo-
rout Ian 0 a e (tho lower oblong), sessile, slightl, .uric ed at base
r 'finely serrate; rachis blackish-brown ^^--^V.^^ttr Futon
ncum, Alton, Hortns Kowensis, cd 2. vol v. p. ^ ^^ ^^ "^^ l-fj^j^'
I Smith Lowe's Ferns, vol. v. pi 2. A. i,ounHnhoide,, hch^r.--
Uocky woods, UrockviUc B. Billings, jr. ; the only locahty n. Jana.la
m'which I have seen H,ccimens.; AUhough so rare -^. - t u^^^^^^^^^
clos api^ars to be not uncommon in tho Unite<l btates. Or^J ^ ^^^^^^^^^
it aH" rather common;" I have specimens from bchc«)loy s Mountains
West Point N. Y., Providence. Pl.iladelphia, &c. Judging from Mr
Eaton's indi^atic. in Chapman's Flora, it again seems to docTeuse in tho
south so that its present headquarters are in the Northern btates

ti- "«•--. iinn.-F->cl broad and leafy , linear-lanceolate, tapered
ubive pinnate; pinr.» ovate-oblong or linear, obUque shortly stalked,
ra ely rmat.fid the upper ones confluent, stipe browmsh, rachis brovvn
l^W.^^een and wingell above, -i large, I near, oblK.uo ; grow on

rocks. Asplcnlum marinn,n, L nn ^^I^^^^l'/- ^'"if^-j.^- . f ' ^fZ'-
IIort-New Brunswick, E. N. Kendal, m Hook. H. Bor Am. 1 can-
not learn that this fern has been subsequently found in North America
and lope, therefore, that botanists will look for it on the rocky shores ..
New Brunswick. It usually grows out of tho crerices of ^hore clili.
and is very limited in its geographical range, growing according to
Moore only in tho western part of Europe, crossing from Spain ^.o 1 an-
glers on 2 African coast.'and being again met with in Madeira, the

^Ttn!j^::S^iL^^.-^ron,s large oblong-ovate, pinnate ;
piima. lancLlate, acuminate, from a broad sessile base, and deeply

in:rtifid: the lobes oblong, minutely toothed. ^^>^a«.m ^^^^^^^
Michaux Pursh, Bigelow, Torrey, Beck. Darlington, Gray, Eaton.
Z> ;LSr. thel^pterUs, Presl, J. Sm.-Iu rich woods, De balaben-y.
west line W S M. DUrban ; Mirwin's woods, &c., Prcscot , B. Bi -
Unts jr ; Beloeil Mountain. P. W. Maclagan. M D ; moist woods

e^v'the Hop Garden, Belleville, rare, J Macouu (a deeply serra od
leafy form) ; Ramsay, J. K. M'Morine, M.A. ; bt Joachim, M.L Abbe
Provancher London, W. Saunders. Not a common fern m Canada;
pJrlaT mo e plentiful in the United States. I have a fine series of
spSens from Schooley's Mountains (A. 0. Brodie), and others from

^'TTermtum.- -Lobes of the pinna) ovate-oblong, approximate, strongly
and incisely serrate. This maybe regarded as a sub- variety. -Belle-

''Mtonrrm.Willd.. which extends along the Alleghanies. has not
vet been found in Canada, but may possibly occur. It grows on clitls. J
^ r Tl^!^.nnraria, Linn.-The wall-rue, a small species, which grows
in the crevices of limestone cliils m the Northern btates. and is common
* Subseiiucutly found uoar Belleville by Mr Macouu.

1<> Sijnojma of Canadtim Ferna and Filicoid Pldttts.

on 8tono walls and old buiklini;^ in Britain, is to bo loulccd for in
Canada.]

Athyhidm.

A. Filix-fagmina, R. Hr.-- Frond aniplo (1-C f-jot long), broadly
oblong-lanceolato, bipinnato ; pinnn' ul^o lunccolato ; pinnules ovato-
lancoolate or oblong, incisely toothed. Uruws in large tufts, tho fronds
dulicate, of a briglit groon hue. Lady Forn of tlie poots. Athyrium
Filix foemina, II. Br., Spreng,, Roth., Hook., Mooro, &c. Agpidiam
Fillx-foemina, Swartz, Pursh, Beck. AKpidium aitplenioides, Swartz,
Willd., Pursh. Asplctvum Athyrium, iSchkr. A»plcnium Michauxii,
Spreng. Aitplcnium Filix -fcemina, A. CJray Man., p. 595- Nephro-
diuiti a^)lcnioidca and Filix faunina, Michx. AAple-niivm anguttutn,
Willd., I'ursh. Common in tho wooda, as near Fingstor, Toronto,
Tren*on, &c. ; Poche River, Ottawa, Lr M'Gillivray ; Tomiscouata, Chip-
pawa and Maiden, P. W. Maclugan, M.I). ; Belleville, moist woods, very
common, several varieties, J. Macoun ; Ramsay, Rev. J, K. M'Morino,
M.A. ; mouth of the Awaganissis Brook, Gulf of St Lawrence, C.ii,,
and Schibwah River, I^ake Superior, R. Bell, jr. ; Cemetery grounds,
Hamilton, and on Princes Island, Judge Logic ; Hamilton's Farm and
base of Silver Mt , \V. S. M. DUrban ; Mountain Fall, H. B. T.,
Governor M'Tavish ; Snake Hill Rivijr, John C. Scliiiltz, M.D. ; L'Anse
h la Barbe, Gasp6 and L'Orignal, John Bell, B.A. ; St Tite, M. L'Abb6
Provancher; London, W. Saunders.

/S. angmtum. — Frond narrow, linear-lanceolate ; pinnaa rather
crowded ; pinnules not pinnatifid, but incisely toothed, with recurved
margins ; sori short, curved {Anpidium angustum, Willd. ?) — Farmcrs-
ville ; Delta ; Belleville, J. I\Iacoun.

y. rhceticum, — Frond rather small, firm, narrowly lanceolate in out-
line ; pinnae more or less distant, and narrowly lanceolate ; pinnules
incisely toothed or deeply pinnatifid, linear, or more frequently lanceolate-
aoute, and acquiring a linear aspect from the rcilection of the lobes,
often crowded with confluent sori. — Dr Yates's farm, on the banks of
the St Lawrence, near Kingston ; near Montreal, Rev. E. M. Epstein,
M.D. ; near Lakefield, North Douro, Mrs Traill.

3. rigidinn. — Frond small, rigid ; pinnules approximate, connected
at the base by a broad decurrent membrane, sori confined to the lower
part of each pinnule. — Lakefield, Nurth Douro, Mrs Traill.

There are other forms of tliis species, dependent in many caseb, mi
doubt, upon situation ; some with thin veiny fronds of great size, bearing
few scattered sori. One form, very like the British var. molk, was
gathered at Belleville by Mr Mci"oun. I know no fern more variable
tiian this, Our Canadian forms require careful examination.

WOODWAUDIA.

W. virginica, Willd. — Frond pinnate ; pinnaj lanceolate, pinnatifid ;
sori arranged in line on either side of the midribs of pinna) and pinnules.
Woodivardia virginica, Willd. ; A. Ciray Man. p. .OOJi. ( Doodia,
R. Br.) — Millgrove Marsh, C.W., Judg«^ Logic; sphagnous swamp near
Heck's Mills, tm miles from Prescott, Augusta, C.W., B. Billings, jr. ;
Pelhaui, C.W., P. W. Maclagun, M.D. ; licUeville, J. Mac.mn.

s't/nopsia of Canadian Ferns and Filicoid Planh 17

ScOLOrKNDRlOM.

H, vnlmre, Smith.— Fronds (in tufts) strap- sb apod, with a cordate base,
undivided, marj^in entire, stipe scaly. Scolopendnnm vul,jare, J. h.
Smith, Hub., J. Sm, Moore, &c. S. ojicinamm, Swurtz fcchkr.. Gray
Man p r.U3 ; Torr. Fl. N. Y. ii. p. 490. S. Phjlhht, lloth. .S. ojici-
nale'hc S. lingua, CavaniUes. Atplenmm Scohpendnum, Lmn.
S» Plantarura, &c. A. elongatum, Salisb. lilechnum Imgtnfohum,
Stokes. PhylUtis Scolopendrium, Newman.— Owen Sound, Georgian
Hay, Lake Huron, on soft springy ground, amongst largo stones, growing
in tufts, abundant, 1801. Robert Bell, junior, C.E. This interesting ad-
dition to our list of Canadian ferns has been collected in the same place by
the Rev. Prof. William Ilincks, f .L.S. Mr Hell's specimens agree, in
every respect, with the typical European form of the species, which is ex-
ccedingly variable. Only one station was previously known tor this fern
in all North America, viz., limestone rocks along Chittenango CreeK near
the Falls, respecting which Professor Torrey observed :-*' This fern is
undoubtedly indigenous in the locality here given, which is the only
place where it has hitherto been found in North America. It was hrst
detected by Pursh, who found it in shady woods, among loose rocks in
the western parts of New York, near Onondago, on the plantations of
J. Geddis, Esq. This species (he said) I have seen m no other place
but that here mentioned, neither have I had any information of its having
been found in any other part of North America. {Pursh.) Nuttall
states that he found it in the western part of the state, without giving
the locality ; but according to Dr Pickering, the specimens of Mr ^ uttall,
in the herbarium of the Academy of Sciences in Philadelphia, are
marked, " Near Cunandaigua, at Geddis's f-^rm, in a shady wood, with
Ta.ru, canademis," Torrey Fl. N. Y. ii. p. 490 This fern occurs
throughout Europe, and also in Northern Asia. Mr Moore considers the
Mexican S. iJndeni as a mere variety of this species. In Europe there
are many remarkable varieties, of which Mr Moo^o has figured and de-
scribed more than fifty that occur in Britain. The great beauty and
remarkable character of many of these render them very suitable for
cultivation. None of the abnormal forms have as yet been tound m
America, probably merely because they have not been looked for.

CAMPTOSOnUS.

C rU'ophyllus, Presl.— Frond lanceolaie, broad and hastate,^ or
cordate at buse, attenuated towards the tip, which strikes root and gives
rise to a new plant; hence this fern is culled the ^Valking Leaf;
fronds evergreen. Campto$orus rhizophyllm. Link, Presl, A. Gray,
Eaton, Hooker. A^plcnium rhizophyllam, Linn, in part (Linnreus s
name included Fadyenia prolif"ra, a totally diHerent plant) Michaux,
Pursh Fl. Am. Sept. ii. p. t566, Bitfelow, Torrey, Book, Jarlington,
Lowe's Ferns, vol. v. pi. U a. Antujmmma rhizophylla J. bm.,
Torrev Fl. N. Y. ii. p. 494. Camptosorm ■nimicifolius, Link. — On
the flat perpei.dieular face oi a ruck m inv ■.yooo., .... Ti.e ..pi. ..
ners side jf the mills at High Falls, township of Portland, C.W , July
1862. In a rocky wood, a mile north-west from the Oxford station of

18 Si/nnf)mii of Cnnndtnn FvmM and Fth'roiff Plants.

tho Ottawa and I'rcMott Uuilway, upcm a Tcik uliphtly oovorod with
iiiouM, H. I'illin;;!*, jr.; niDuntain sido west from llaniiUuri, ulso ut
Anciutor and at Lako Mfdiul, JikIku Lo)];io ; Woltb ImIuiuI, K. J, l''ox ;
not run) alntut Owon Sound, Kcv. Prof. \V. Ilinckt), F.L.8. ; Montreal
Mountain, M. L'Abbc Provancher ; rathor n(;rthfrn in iti rango in North
Aniurica, Imt not connnon anywhuro in CunuiJa. 'i'liii) curious furn huH
buo!i loi g in cultivation in ttiu butunio gurduna of Europe.

Labtrra.

L. dilatatn, Presl. — Fronds Hprt'iiding, broadly luncvolato, rather
pale but vivid green, bipinnatu ; the pinnules pinnate or pinnatifld
with pointed lubes ; on tho lower pinna', tho jwgterior pinnules are
longer than the anterior ones ; stipe with rather distant pule unieolorous
scales ; sori small. This tlescription refers only to the commonest form
in Canada. It is a very variable species. Afpldiuin spiniiloaum, Gray.
— Abundant in the woods about Kingston, as C'ollins's Hay, &c., Smith'"-
Fulls, Odessa, woods near the J''ulls of Niagara, llinchinbrook, (iana-
noque Lakes, Fannersville, Hardwood Creek, Delta, U|>[)er Itideau Lake,
Newborc-on-tho-Uidoau, Longpoint ; Mouth of tho Awaganissis Hrook,
(iuU'of St Lawronco, (Joulais River, also Grand Island, and at Ke-we-
naw Point, Lake Superior, II. I'ell, jr. ; Itauisay, Ilov. J. K. M'Morine,
M.A. ; I'roscott, very common, li. IJillings. jr. ; St John's. St Valentino,
and Beloeil, P. W. Maclugan, M.I). ; Uellovillo, very common, J.
Mucoun ; St Joy Woods, W. S. M. D'Urban; Daniel's Harbour, New-
foundland, .^ imes Richardson (a peculiar form) ; Peche River, Chelsea
and Cantloy, Hull, D. M'Gillivray, M.I). Of varieties referable to var.
BoutHi, Cray, var. dumttomm, Ciray, or others, ditfering from the
common (which, however, is perhaps not tho typical) form, I have seen
specimens from, or obtained information of their having been collected
in, the following localities :— Maiden, Brighton, Point Rich, , Newfound-
land, Hamilton's Farm, Murray, Hamilton, &c. These varieties still
require careful study, with a view to their identification with European
forms, which are now well understood.

3. tanacctifvUa, — Frond large and very broad, triangular, tripinnate,
with the pinnules pinnatifid or deeply incised, lobed. P. tanacetifollum,
DC. ? — Pointe den Morts, Gaspe, John liell, li.A. Mr Bell's specimen
seems to agree wull with Mr Moore's desorii)tion of var. tanacctifolia.
The typical L. dilatata, with dark-centred scales, so common in Scot-
land, I have not yet seen growinjj in the Canadian woods ; but a frag-
ment, the upper portion of a frond, from Point Rich, Newfoundland,
James Richardson, looks like it.

L. maiylaalin, J. Smith. — Frond ovate-oblong, a foot, more or less,
in lengtli, bipinnate, pale green, somewhat coriaceous, lasting the winter;
pinna; linear-lanceolate, broad at base ; pinnules oblong, very obtuse,
obsoUitely incised ; sori marginal; stipe of a pale cinnai ion colour when
old, with large thin pale scales profuse below. L. manjinatis, J. Sm,,
Anpidiara marginale, Swartz, I'u.-sh, Bigelow, Beck, Darlington, Gny,
Eaton, Lowe's Ferns, vol. vi., pi. <^> (a bad figure), Torrey Fl. N. Y.
ii. p. ido. Poli/poiUain manjuuilc, Linn. Ncjthrodium manjinale,
Michaux. — This species is as common in the Canadian woods as La^trea
Filix-mas is in those of Britain ; woods around Kingston, abundant ;

Sijn<yi)ti:, of Canadian F^mn anil VUicoid Vinnta. ID

lujorOtk'Bia; Nowboro-on the Hideau , alonj^ tin- cournuot tho Uanuruxjiio
liiveruiid lakes, in varum* i>lac«« ; very Hno ut Marblo Hock ; FuniicM-
ville ; IIar.lw()o.i ('n'«k ; Vulluy of tho Trent, found on tho ^reat Iwulder.
&c. ;'on Judge MulUwh's farm and «'Uowhi>r« about Hrockvillo ; on limo-
■toni) rookH abovo tl.o lUpidn at Shaw's Mill, [.iikefiuld, North Douro,
Mrs Traill; Sulphur Spring, Ilauiilton, Judge I.ogio ; Cedar Inland,
A. T. Druinmond, jr., U.A. ; Siuith'« FalU, and Chippawa, l\ W. Mac-
lagan, M.I). ; llam«ay, Uov. J. K. M'Morino, MA. ; Prunoott, common,
U Hillings, jr. ; HoUevillo, in rich low moist woodt, common, J. Mu«!oun ;
above Ulucklcad l-'alU. W. 8. M. D'Urban ; Ootineau MilU, D. M'Uil-
Hvray, Ml).; Cap Tournionto, M. L'Abb.5 Provanchor ; Harrington,
J. Hall, U.A. ; London, W. Saunders. This is oxclusivuly an American
fern, It varies iji size and appearance ; in some specimens tho pinna*
uro wide apart, tlieir divisions small and narrow; in others, the pinrro
overlap each other, and their divisions are broad ami leafy, also over-
lapping, and in sue!, forms they are usually toothed into rounded lo^^i.
Mr Macoun sends a form from llcllevillo, more dcei)ly serrate than ui al
/3. TraUhv.— VvmiU very large (3^ feet long), bipinnate, all tho piu-
nuk-8 pinnatifid.— Lakefleld, North Douro. Mrs Traill. This is a very
handsome variety, and would form an attractive plant in cultivation.
It has tho Ban\c relation to tho typn of L. manjinalit which inata
{erom) has to typical Fitix-nia^.

Lofti'a Filhv-mu8 is erroneously referred to in some American works
on Materia Medica as a common North American and Canadian fern,
[t has recently, however, been found on tho Kocky Mountains by l)r
Tarry. Professor Gray says thi-t Dr Parry's specimens are apparently
identical with the European plant. Nothing like it occurs in Canada,
so far as I can ascertain. Varieties of L. manjinalls have been sent
to rao undor tho name of Ftllxvias. ^

/.. crintata, Prcal.— Fronds erect, rigid, linear-oblong in outline, vivid
green, pinnate or slightly bipinnate; pinna) triangular- lanceolate; pinnules
large, oblong, approximate, dccurrent ; sori large, in a single scries on
each side of, and near to, tho vein ; stipe with few pale scales. Lafitrea
cnt^tnta, Presl, Moore, c\:c. Volypodium cnstotum, Linn. Agpidium
criHtatum, Swartz, Willd., Pursli, K. B., Beck, Torrey Fl. N. Y., ii. p.
490 Gray. Axpidium cristatnm, /3. lancasti-iengc, Torrey ; A. Ian-
castriense, Spreng., Bigelow, Beck, Darlington, Hooker— Woods around
Kingston ; near the Pcoho River, Gatineau, a tributary of the Ottawa,
D. M'Gillivray, M.D. ; Three Rivers, St John's, and Chippawa, P. \V.
Maclagan, M.D. ; Sproule'.s Swamp, east from Belleville (a cedar swamp),
not common, J. Macoun ; Ramsay, Rev. J. K. M'Morino, M.A. ; Prescott,
common, B. Billings, jr. ; Lake of Three Mountains, W. S. M. D'Urban;
Silver Brook, Uaspe, Jolin Bell, B.A. ; St FerreoL M. LAbbe Pro-
vancher; L'Orignal, J. Boll; London, W. Saunders,

/.. Gohlicana, J. Smitli.— Frond very large (3 or 4 feet or more in
length), dark green, bipinnate ; pinna; 6 to 8 inches long, narrow, liuear-
lanceulate, not much attenuated towards the tips ; pinnules (12-20 pairs),
linear-oblong, approximate, uniforndy curved forwards, scythe-shaped,
..„«.„t:.„„„ wi^v. oji ovtr-n li^Vio nt liiisfl : fiori small, near the midrib ;
stipe with pale shaggy scales above and larger dark-centred ones
below ; our largest Canadian fern, usually barren. Losti-ra Goldieana,
J. Smith. Aspidium Goldieanum, Hooker, Edin. New Phil. Jour. vi.

20 Synopint o/Cnnrnfian Ferns and Filicoul Plnufn.

p. 333, and Fl. H«»r Am., ii p. 1?<]0, (Iroy. Nfphrodinm Qohlkanum,
Hook, and Oruv. AtpitUiim Fil>x-ma$, I'limh, not of WiUd , rtro, — Kur-
m^rtvillo, in wood* xwax thu villu({i*, abundant tind vi>ry flno, furniinff
inuuunNtf tufti : near Iluniilton'a Farm and Do rialaborry, town lino,
W. 8. M. nUrban; IteUwil Mountain, Montrual and .Vlaluon. 1». W.
Mtti'lagan, M I). ; 'JolluviUo VVmxIii, uear Castloton; wocmU bolow Ilouly'a
FalU, woit iiid«, und io binion TerriU'i Wood*, Brighton, J. Muiioun.
Aufiutta, Jlubcrt Jardine, B.A. ; about Montreal, Mr (ioldiu in llook.
Fl. Hor, Am. London, W. Suundom. This lino fern wuh uppropriuttdy
namod by Sir V'llium Hooker in honour of iti di«*ovcror, a Mucct'Mful
invostigator of Canadian botany, now roaident at Pari*, C.W. Tliu
Rpecioi belong! (>xcliiiii?tdy to the Amorioan Continent. In Canada wu
have two 8 jb-variotioi : —

a. tcrrata, in which tho divigionH of tho pinnae aro uoaracly Horrato.
Montreal

Q. intKjernmn, in wliidi tho dirliioni of tho plnnro aro almost or
quite cntiro. FurmorHvillo.

L. fragrant, Mooro. — P'rond 8 to 12 inches long, coriacooui, bipinnato,
ptnno) triangular, of few (4 or .T pair«^ of pinnulcH, wliich aro crowded
and covered beneath by tho largo rusty muiubranous indutia, which con-
ceal the sori. Rachis with profuse, large, palish scales, esjHscially near
tho base. A»pldinin f raff runs. Swartz, A. (iray. — Hocks, Fenokoo Iron
Ridge, Lake Suix-'rior, Mr Lophan., and north-west — Professor Wootls, in
Class- Hook; shaded trap rocks, Falls of tho St Croix, Wisconsin, I)r
I'arry, and high northward, Gray's Manual. I have not yet seen Cana-
dian specimens of ♦his 8[>ecies, which is quite a northern fern, stretching
along tho northern shores of tho Pacific to the Russian Arctic dominions.
I have 8|)ecimen8 from Repulse Bay, colU'cted by Captain Rao's party
while wintering there in 1855. This [dant does not appear to be in
cultivation in any Euroi)ean garden.

L. Thelypterif, Presl. — Frond erect, lanceolate, mostly broad at base,
and narrowed upwards, thin, and herbaceous, or slightly coriaceous, gla-
brous or downy, i)innate; pinnir liiuar, rather distant, deeply pinnatifld ;
jdnnules witli revolutc margins, veins forked, sori near their middle,
becoming confluent. Stipe as long as, or longer than, tho frond, and
nuked. Lnstrca Thilifptii'l*, Presl, Moore, J. Sm. Avpidium The-
lyptiris, Swiirtz, E. B. Wil'd., Pursh, Bigclow, Beck, Darlington, Tor-
rey Fl. N. Y. ii. p. 49G, A. Gray, INIan. Poliipudlnni Theli/pteris,
Linn. Druopteris Ttubjptcru, A. Gr. — Swamps in the woods, Town-
ships of Hinchinbrook. Portland, Erncstown, &c. ; Millgrove Marsh,
Hamilton, Judge Logic ; Gatineau Mills on tho Ottawa. D. M'Gillivray,
M.D. ; Prescott, common, B. Billing, jr. ; Temiscouata, Thorold and
Maiden, P. W. Maclagan, M.D. ; Belleville, very common in swamps,
J. Mucoun ; Ramsay, Rev. J. K. M'Morine, M.A. ; portage to Bark
Lake, and on lumber road through the woods east from Hamilton's
Farm, W, S. M. D'Urban , Mcntreal, Drs Maclag.n and Epstein ; Hud-
son's Bay Territories near Red River Settlement, Governor M'Tavish ;
Si Joachim, M. L'Abbc Provancher ; L'Orignal, J. Bell, B.A. ; London,
W. Saunders. In the State of New York this 8i»ecie8 is common in
swamps and wet thickets (Torrey). I have it from West Point, N. Y.
In the south, Eaton indicates Florida und northward. Very seldom
found with fructification ( I ursh\ Fertile specimens are not rare with us.

8yftop»iit of CoikkIuih FiTns nmi Filiroitl I'lanti.

21

Tlif fork»Ml vcini of tlio |iitinul<'« ilnttmgiiuli thi« ip«flie« fVom the next.
Ill tln! t'an»ilian j>li»rit lli« ontliiio of tim fnnnl i«» u littlo ilillonint from
Hcoieh and Irl»h ipeeiuieni, boing Icm iiarrowtd at ba««. Thi -o arw
thrno lorin« of thU nmno* In Cttiui.lii. Th« flrit (a) ite«n« to Ito tbo
liliint of Uray't Manual, the Mcond (/3) U more liko tho L. Thfiiipttrit
of Kiiroji*!, and tho third (y) ii mtonnediate bttwcon thU iiteoioi and the
next,

a. /)Hf><^«ren».— Frond •omowhat coriacoous, donsoly pubcucont or
downy throll^ho'lt, Odiniia, Hudnon'* Hay, Ac.

/3. j//<iJ<m. — Frond thin, horboccou*, glabroui. Montreal, ChoUoft,
H inch in brook, Ac.

y. intt-rmf.diit. Frond narrowed Iwilow. glabrouii ; BtljK) ullghtly elon-
gated (voinii forkf<l). Ounpw, J. '.mjII, H.A.

A. N»ii E\h>facenH$. — Frond lunwolatt', narrow at the haio, tliiii anil
horbttccouii, pinnato ; pinniu linour or linear-lanceolate, moro or loii«
approximate, deeply {linnntirtd; pinnuloii oblong, unuully Hat; velna
siinph) (not forked) ; lori nover contluont ; «tipu ihort, rachii, &o. downy,
pinnulon m()ro or less diitinctly ciliate. Lattrca Noticboracentit, Vrv\ ;
Pohifuulinm Novtboracen*e, Linn., Schk. Atpidintn th>hjpteroide$,
Hwiirtz. Anpidium yiwtbo,-acen.ie, Willd,, A. Oray, Kuton— I'ittuburg
n.wir KinnKton; Lakefield. North Douro, Mrs Traill; M.)untuin Me,
JIuniilton, J»di?o Logie ; Froicott, common. H. llUingrt, jr.; Mount
Johnion, Montreal, and Ueloeil, P. W. Maolagun, M.D. ; Uai-inay,
lU'v. J. K. M'Morine, M.A.; near Chclw-n. I). M'Ciillivray, i>!.lJ. ; Lon-
don, but not common, VV. Saunders ; L'Orignal, J. Ikll. Th»» fern
belonK* -ixclugivoly to the American Continent. It iocnis to bo more
abundant and moro distinct in tho United States than with uh. In
Flora liotrali-Amencanu, Sir William Hooker observed-—" Tho Aifpi-
diurn Novehotuicense is quite identical with A. Thelifpteris." In tlie
recently published volume of Spiciea Fillciwi (which at present 1 can
only (piotc at so-ond hand), doubts are still expressed as to its being a
species really distinct from f.. Thdyptrrit. Mr Kttt«)n and other Ame-
rican pteridologists think it quite distinct. Its most obvious characters

are ( 1 .) The tapering form of the lower part of tl. .""rond (although theve

is also a form of /.. Thel>iptiri» having this iKsculiarity ; (2.) sori few,
mostly near the base of tiio pinnules, and not confluent, not overlapped
by a recurved margin; (3.) veins of tho pinnules simple, not forked.
The outline of tho frond must not be depended upon, as the Scotch and
Irish /.. ThchjpterU is narrowed at tho base like L. Nov-Eboracenain.
This species is allied to L. montana, Moore [OnopUrU, Bory).

POLTSTICUOM.

P. angulare, (3. llraunii. — Frond soft, herbaceous, lanceolate, bipin-
nate ; pinnules stalked, serrate ; the smtiU toeth tipped by soft bristles ;
stipe and rachis scaly throughout. In the Canadian plant the scales of
tho rachis are larger than in the typical P. anytdare of England, from
which it may be specifically distinct. AspidUun Braunii, SiKjnner.
A}>p{dmm nculeatum var. Braunii, A. Gray, Man. Bot., p. 599, A.
acidcaturn, ?rovancher ; Harrington, Cap Bon Ami and Dartmouth,
N. fork, (Jaspo, John Boll, B.A. ; base of Silver Mountain, W. S. M.
D'Urban.

I*. /.Anehilit, Uoth — - l-'rond rii(t<l otiil •htnin((, lini^ar-lariN'olatu, Hiii
pi/ i>lnnat« ; j>innw «i'_v'll!0»ha|.t'«l, auri ' ' !' ftf^tii-hntn

f.iftn'f'ltit, l{«tth, .^toora, J. Hiu,, Ac. / _ < un, I. inn.

Atpidinm f.imehilii, Swartf, Hchk, — filiiiiNtono Mckn, Owuli Woiuul,
C\V, IR.-1>. U.,v. P.- r \ViUi,uii irii..k<i, V.\..H. VrntUMT
Hinck* ha« kiii«lljr Airm >' with «|Hiciiu()iiN from tUv uliovt; |(K;iiiil/.

Wood*, •outhflrri •horo of Laku 8ujv»r»or and north wvatwur*!, Proi'imMir
A«tt nray, in Nfan, Hot, N.S. ; Hritl«h Anu'rifu. I'r.tff jior VVmnU in
C'lm«-U»M>k. It will III! oh«.'f.\.l thaf I'ruf'osiior Iliri'-kit'i iitation U th«
only duHnito C'unttiiian on« with whlrh wo arn tt«(|imiiitml. Mr T. Drum-
niuml found thin turn on the Uucky Muttntalns ntnny ynart ago

/'. acroitifhititli<», Schott. — Krond ))aU) j^rcon, ihinin^, Iomk und nar-
row, linear- litiipitolato, Kitnidy tiiniiuto ; pintiiv lon^ and nacrow, linour'
ianu(M)lato. shortly atalkud, aiiricdod anturiorly at thu batu, nioro or !«)••
dixUnftly gorruto, with huir ti|>|M 1 to«th ; fi>rti!« (iip|M ri |iinnii' sU.-^htly
«'ontrtt«;ti'd, covoicd iM-ncuth l»y tho largo conflu.nt gori ; ttiiiu profuiidy
chatfy, with palo •cultm. Pufi/ntlchnm tteroitichoidc$, Sohott, J. 8m.
A$iu<liinn oct'ontli'IioiitiA Swurti. A. (hay, Knton. Ai>i>id. auncutn.'
til in, Schk, Niphrixlliim ncroitlchi>idi», Michx, — Abundant in tho
wo«w!« a fi!W milea went from Kinjf»t'm ; uUo not roro in tho woods of
tho Midland District of (Jumida mnurully ; Uppor Hidoaii Lako ; woodn
around Toron' >, Uoy. Dr Uu relay ; Stanfold, M. L'Abbu l'r<»v anchor ;
I/OriKTittl, J IKdl ; London, W. Saundtrs : Hulphur Spring. Hamilton,
Judge Logie ; Fr<iicott, common, H, Dillingn. jr. ; Nicolot und St N'alcn-
tiiio, CM-:., and Chippawo. C.W, P. VV. Maclagan. Ml).; iJtllovillo,
very common ui nxky woods, n» in Hop (iardcn, J. Maroun ; UaniHiiy,
Uev. J, K. MMorino, M.A.; hill.«t and woods, portugo to IJurk Lake,
VV. S. M, D'lTrban ; Gilmour'a Farm, I'lu-Uoa. I). M'Oillivra;-, M I). ;'
Osnabruck and Prosoott Junction, Itev. M. M. Epstoin, This spuuie* is
exclusively American.

[i3. incinum ; pinn.i' strongly serrnto or incised into lobun. Agpi-
diiim Schweintt:U, Ucck. This form, which I havo from Hchooley'a
Moitntains, &c. (A. O. Urodie), will no doubt bo found ia Canada. ]

CV8T0I'TFI118.

C. frmjUig, Bemhardi — Frondn dtdicate, green, luiiceolato in outline,
glabrous, bipinnate ; piniitc and pinnolcH ovate-Iancecdato or oblong ; tho
latter obtu.«e incisely toothed, thin mid veiny; h«ri largo; stipe dark
puri»lo at the base. Ci/gtofitcrif ;> •.; 'u , !!. rnhardi, iiook., Bab., Moor*-.
Newm., A. Gray. Polijuoilmvi imyile, Linn. Cifg^yptdrts oricntalin,
Desvaux. Poli/pod. vindulum, Dcsv. Atfiynum fraijilc, Sadler.
Cijathea fnujiliif, 8in. C. cyiuipifolia and C ant/inaclfolin, Roth,
CijAtcn fraijllh, Sm. '^ijch^iiUriH fratjtlig, S. F. Gray. — kocky woods
and clillg about Kingstcm, in various places, but not abundant ; Far-
mersvillc ; Mountain si.lc. Ilaniilton, on moist rocks. Judge Logie ;
rocks by the bay shore, L'An.su au Oousin, and Dartmouth Iviver,
Gasp''. J<d)n Bell, B.A. ; Mirwiu's woods, Prescott, common, B. Billings,
jr.; Montreal and J hios'h Falls, P. W. Maclagan, M.D. ; rocky banks of
the Molia, nillier rare, J. Macoiiii ; Kamsay, Ivuv. J. K, M'Morine, iSI.A. ;
eamp at base of Silver Mount, on rocks, also River Rouge, abundant.
Do yalaberry, west line, and at Black Lead Falls, W. S. M. DTrban ;
t^t Joa.l.im, ]M. L'Abb6 Provutichfr; (ireriviUt, C E., John Bell^B.A. *,

Siiuriftnln (<f CnnmHnn bWitn nnrf Fi'h'rnlif Plnn'n 59

r W. .sauinl«!r«. ill l>r liook.r* vuliiu' ' ' <

ti.. . . a this ,>lniit !■ ilKlictttuii a« a i'iimui nil «; . i

thu l^tttod Htatef, whkii I praautne ntiw from • mUprint, m kh« fl|>i< tc*
ii ntit ii'> \or;hi>rn Stittf«, Binl •"xttjiuU iimth to th« Muiin-

tariu ol ( ..I'M,.. 1 1 <l)-lirnti> C. t. unit \» liio form ktumn in lli« ioitth,
but Ui Caiiftiltt wo hu.' fir stout tjiicul !•; »ri»|*<inri fonn of ('. ffagilU.

Siimjuttiiln. — Piiuiulfs incneil, witli loii|;i«li and oprvadingtuDth, Cff't.
ftitij. viir. eijnipifidiit, J. L«'»o,— (Jm|w .lohn Hi-ll, HA H|KHMtnpnii
rtit'oruhlo to tlii* form were Uktiwiae g»tli(trit<l at I^akti of Thrwe Monn
tttin* by Mr DUrhan. Mr Hell's apticiniciii a(jrmt jierfi'etl/ with Ei
dpt'oiiiM'tiii from I)r Joliti I. owe {(\ f. ajnopifntin). Italic (H^imuiu
from I'roftiiior Carui-l of I'ina, labetind " (';i*t. fnujilit," bfiioij|f to thi«
variety, Mr IU»U has a fwrtllo frond from (iMp6 with very broad vwiny
|iinnn*, docply ini'liittl, tint nut pinnatu.

O. hitthif til, Hi-riilmrdl.— Frond thin, y;roon, lnie«-'it« or linear
lanct'olute, bipinnati , biilbiftiroun towunl* tho 8|h'x on ♦ "i untlor m-r
fato; pinniK obhmj,? lan«w)lttto, narrtHvc-d at thotip«; pinniiii* ('
obtuiio. inci<t«dy toolii-'d; »orl •mall, not v«ry numorouB ; Indiwiiiiix -,,.,n.
Very varialdo in tlio iiixo and torm ot tlio frond. O. bulhifen* V?«»rn-
hanli, A. Gray, J. Hm. AnpUlium Imlbl/^ntm, Swartj, Schk,.
AKp'Uiim nfiniKiriiim, Muhl. — Moi«* •wampy wood* about Kii)«>* >n,
aa CoUinn'a Hay, Kingston M.'ila, f^^:. '. abtiniliuit on Judgo Mullm'h'a
farra, u mil« weat from HrockvK.e ; I'utit Portagi. ike, Oaapc, John
Holl. HA.; Wolff I-iliit'd, A, T. Druininond, H.A. ; Mirwin'a w<ioda,
I'roHcott, (Mminon, H. Hillinjji, jr. (ahort form) ; Hidotdl .Mountain, 1*. W.
Mttdaj,'ai., .M.l). ; r^>v\y banka of tlio Mcira, Hullevillo, ond in cedar
awiiinjw anil wt"t wooda, "ery cinmon, J. Mioun; Uanisiay, Uov. J, K.
.M'Morint', M.A. ; Mountain aido, Iln.nilton, common, J-uIko Logio ;
HliK'k I<«'iiil FallH, on limeatono nx-k, W. S. M. I)' Urban ; Tied du i;ap
Tourmento, M. L'.-bb6 Provancher ; (irenville, C. E., J. Hell ; London,
VV. Suundora. Thcro are two distinct forinH or variotioa of thia B',»e<;ie».

a. /iin'i:()Ht(t/iH.~ Front' trianfijulur-lunfoolttte, l)nittd ut buso, not more
than three or four timea longer tliun broad ; pinnao horizontal. Niagara
FuIIh, within tlie snray, CdlUns'a Hay. Sic.

j3.jUtinlli/i>nniti. — Frond linear, attenuated upwarda, very long and
narrow, six or aoven timea longer than broad; pinniu let a horizontal.
Frank ville, Montreal, Oaapt', &c.

Dennst.f.dtia.

/>. jmncHhhvla, Moore. — Frond broadly lanceolate, pale green, thin,
with a stout rarhis, bipinnate ; tho pinrules pinnatifid ; sori minute,
usually one on the anterior basal tooth of each lobe of tlio pinnule, wliich
ia rellexed over tho sorus ; tho proper indusiura is pale, cup-shaped,
oponing at top. llhi/onie s'.jnder, creeping through ac soil ; whole
plant glamlular-dovvny. iJennvtcrdtUt (Herahardl, 1800) puuctilobula,
Mooro, Index Filicum, p. xcvii. Dichtonla jmnctilofnt 'it, Hooker,
A. Gray, J. Sm. I). 2>ll»dmcnl<t^ VVilld., Hook. Fl. Hor. >'ner.
Nf'phri>ili>(mpHnctUibnlittn, Michx. A Hpidltim jmnc tilnlulum, i:^waTtz.
Pahinio,f Prosl /)iV/.-«rtnia pnbc*cen8, Schkv. Sitolobiuni pilu«'m«culum.
Desv., J. Sm. Gen. Fil. PittHbiirg iioar Kingston, lolin Bell, H.A, ;

\l

ivor

Ro

W. S. M. DUiban; Montreal, P. W. Maclagan, M.D. ;
Prescott, on Dr Jessup's moist pasture land, B. Billings, jr. ; New

ng*^'.

24 Suiiop(ii8 of Canadian Ferns and FUicoid PhintH.

rininawicTf, R. N. Kendal, in TToolt. Fl. Hor, Amer. ; Riunsay, Ilov.
.J. K. M'Morine. Mr FOuton has niontionetl to mo that the drying fronds
have the odour of now hay.

WOODSIA.

W. Thrnm, R. Rr. — Frond lanceolate, usually 4 or 5 inches long,
bipinnato, or nearly so, pinna; ajiproximato, pinnules oblong, obtuse,
stipe (red), rachis, and wiu^lo lower surface of the frond clothed with
chatfy scales, which are rusty at maturity. Sori usually cimfluent
around the margins of the pinnules. First observed in the Isle of Klba
(Ilva), hence named, after Dulechamp, AcroHichitm Ilumgr, by Linnaus,
whose Phomix was very wroth thereat ; see English Flora, vol. iv.
p. .'323. WotuUla Ili',mix, R. Rr., Hook,, Moore, J. Sm., (iiray, &c.
JSipht'odiitm lanosum, Michx. — Abundant on the ridge of Laurentian
rocks at Kingston Mills; Rocks west from Rrockvillo and at Chelsea,
R. Hillings, jr. ; Mount Johnson and Relocil Mountain, P. W. Maclagan,
M.D. ; mountain gneiss rocks, opposite Rouge River, W. S. M. D'Urban.
I have likewise sjioclinens from the Hudson's Ray territories (Governor
M'Tavish). but without special locality. On rocks, Canada, Pursh ;
Canada to Hudson's Ray, Hook. Fl. R. A, ; Pied du cap Tourmcnte, u]
L'Abbo Provancher. I think our plant must be much larger and more
scaly than the European one. A tuft which I have from Catskill Moun-
tains (A. O. Rrodie) has richly fruited fronds a foot long and 2 inches
wide. (I find that large American forms of this species have been mis-
taken for W. obtusa. The involucre, which is large and not split into
hairs in the latter Ri)ecies. serves readily to distinguish it.) Much of the
llvonsis in cultivation in Europe is probably the American form.

(3. (jracilis. — Frond more sler.der, more hairy and less scaly than the
type ; pinna> rather distant, deeply pinnatifid, or partially pinnate.
Dartmouth iiiver, Caspe, John Rell. B.A . In technical cliaracters, tliis
form agrees better with TV. alpina [hijpcrhorea), but it has quite a dif-
ferent aspect.

W. alpina, S. F. Gray. — Frond small (from 1 to 2 or 3 inches long),
broadly linear, pinnate, soniowliat hairy without distinct scales ; pinnse
ovate, somewhat triangular, obtuse, pinnatifidly divided into roundish
lobes. Woodsia alpina, S. F. Gray, Rrit. PI., Moore. Woodsia hyper-
horea, R. Rr. in Linn. Trans., vol. xi. ; Pursh. Fl. Am. Sept. ii, p. CGU. —
In the clefts of rocks, Canada, Pursii ; Canada to the Saskatchewan,
Hooker. Noticed in Dr Hooker's Table of Arctic Plants as a Canadian
species that does not extend into the American States.

W. (jlahclla, R. ]]r.~ Frond a few (2-4) inches lon^, linear, bright-
green and glabrous on both sides, simply pinnate ; the pinm- short,
rounded or rhombic, cut into rounded or wedged lobes. Stipe with u few
scales at the base only. Woud>i!a glabella, R. Rr., Hook Fl. Roreali
Americana, tab. 237; Gray. Canada, Professor 'Woods in CI. Rk.
Sir W. Hooker, in the Fl. R. Amer., gave Great Rear Lake as the only
stati.jn then known for W. (jlabella. Mr D. C. Eaton has kindly
furnished me with enecimens from Willoughby Lake, Vermont (Goodale
leg.), and Professor Gray notices its occurrence on rocks at Little Falls,
New York (Vasey), and " high northward."

(3. Belli.— Frvnd larger (G 7 inches long) ; pinna more elongated,

S>ynop8i8 of Canadian Ferns and Filicoid Plants. 25

pinnatifidly incised into rounded lobes (hrifiht green, glabrous). Oa8p6,
on the Dartmouth River, twenty miles from ita mouth, John Hell, IJ.A.

W. obtusa, Torrey.-- Frond nearly a foot long, linear-lanceolute,
glandulost;, bipinriuto; pinnules slightly decurrent, oblong, obtuse, crenate,
or somewhat pinnutifid ; induoium largo, enveloping the sorus, torn into
a few marginal lobes ; stipe with few tcattercd, pale, chafl'y scales.
Woodsta obtusa, Torrey, A. Gray, J. Sm. Aspidium ohtusum, Willd.
Phijacmatium (btimim, Hoot Fl. Wot. Am. Woodsla Perrinlana,
Hook, and Grcv, Ic. Fil. Volypodium ohtusum, Swartz. — An impres-
sion prevails that this plant, which is said to be common in the Northern
States, especially towards the west, grows also in Canada. Mr D. C.
Eaton, in the kindest mannor, cut out of his own herbarium a specimen
for me, froi" near High Bridge, New York city, in an excellent state for
examination, which has enabled me to understand the species and to
ascertain that we liave as yet no satisfactory evidence of its occurrence
in Canada. Large forms of W. Iluengis liave in some cases passed for
it. (I introduce this notice of the plant with a view to promote farther
inquiry.) • '

Osmund A.

0. renalh /?. speciabtV/s.— Fronds erect, pale-green, glabrous, bi-
pinnate \ pinnulep oblong-lanceolato, oblique, shortly stalked, very
slightly dilated at the base, nearly entire ; fertile pinnules forming a
racemose panicle at the summit of the frond. Osmunda spectahilis,
Willd., J. Smith. Farmersville ; Hardwood Creek, Hinchinbrook, and
other places in rear of Kingston, usually in thickety swamps, by corduroy
roads, Sac, Millgrove Marsh, Hamilton, Judge Logie ; Ramsay, Rev.
J. K. M'Moriiie, M.A. ; woods near the Hop Garden, Belleville, not
common, J. Macoun : Prescott, common, B. Billings, jr. ; around INIetis
Lake, Slc.; opposite Gros Cap ; also Sousou-wa-ga-mi Creek and Schib-
wah River, R. Bell. jr. ; near Montreal, Rev. E. M. Epstein and W.
S. M. D'Urban ; mountain, Bonne Bay, Newfoundland, on rocks 1000
feet above the sea, James Richardson (a small form) ; Wolland, J. A.
Kemp, M.D. ; Osnabruck and Proscott Junction, Rev. E M. Epstein ;
Nicolut, Wolfe Island and Navy Island, P. W. ]\Iaclagan, M.D. ; liake
8t Charles. M. L'Abbc Provancher ; Caledonia Springs and I'Orignal,
J. Bell ; Portland, Thos. R. Du])uis, M.D. ; Bedford ; London, W.
Saunders. The fronds of our plant are a little more drawn out than those
of the European one ; the pinnules are often distinctly stalked, and the
overlapping auricles either altogether absent or only slightly developed.
This is 0. spectahilis, Willd. ; O. reijalis, /3. Linn. Sji. PI. Some
botanists distinguish two American forms, one agreeing with the typical
rc(jalis of Europe ; but it is difHcult to do so. The typical 0. rcgalis
is a larger, more robust, and more leafy plant, with mors widely spread-
ing or divergent pinnnc, and more leafy auricled sessile pinnules, more or
less pinnatifid at the base ; in our Canadian plant they are quite entire.
The divisions of the fertile portion of the pinnae are also more widely
divergent in a regalis. The frond, moreover, is of a darker colour.

0. cinnamomca, Linn. — Sterile and fertile fronds distinct, the former
ample, broadly lanceolate, pinnate; the pinna) rather deeply pinnatifid ;
lobes regular, entire ; fertile frond contracted, erect, in the centre of the
tuft of sterile fronds, and not at all foliaceous. Sporangia ferruginous.

26 Si/nopsis of Canadian Ferns and Filicoid Plants,

Fertile frond dooaying early in the am mer. OAmnnda dnnamomea,
Linn., Gray, J. Sm. O. Vlcijtomana, Conrad, not of Linn. — Fairfield
farm juid elscwiicro about Kitiffston, not uncoiinnon ; Mill^rovo Matfh,
Hamilton,. I nd^r,. Lojjio ; Sandwicli and Mi.-'itreal, P. W. Muclasan, M.D.;
op|H)sitL« Gros Cap; also Two Heart River, Lake .Superior, I'. iJell, jr.,
C.E. ; Belleville, swamps and low grounds, common, J. Macoiin ; llamsay,
liev. J. K. -M'Morine, Mi.; St Joy Woods, on the river shore, near
Gatineau Mills, J). M'Gillivray, M.D. ; Newfoundland, JNIiss Brentor, in
nook. Fl. Bor. Am. ; Prescott, common, B. Billings, jr. ; Nicolet, M.
L'Abbe Provuneher ; L'Orignal, J. Bell ; near London, W. Saunders.

O. Clai/t^,Hiana, L\nn. — Frond narrowly lanceolate, piimat«> ; pinnro
lanceolate, about three pairs of pinna) near or below the middle of the
frond contracted and fertile ; sporangia brown, with green spores. Tiiis
sitecies, when fresh, has a strong odour, resendjling that of rhubarb (Pie-
plant) stalks. O. Clo;/toniana, Linn., Gray, J. Sm. O. intcn-upta,
Michaux — Between Kingston and Kingston Mills, in wet swampy
places by the roadsi.le ; Little Cataraqui Creek ; Waterloo ; banks of
the Humber, near Toronto; Princes Island, Hamilton, Judge Logie;
Ramsay, Rev. J. K. M'Morine, M.A. ; Ke-we-naw Point, in wet soil,
R. Bell, jr.; Bt-lleville, low rich grounds, not rare, J. Macoun; Pres-
cott, common, B. Billings, jr. ; Round Lake, W. S. i\I. D'Urban ; Lake
Settlement, and on the river shore near Gatineau Mills, D. M'Gillivray,
]\..D.; Xewlbundland, .Miss Brenton, in Hook, Fl. B^r. \m. ; Osnabruck
and Prescott Junction, Rev. Dr Epstein : on Judge Malloch's farm and
elsewhere about Brock ville ; Dartmouth River, GaspJ, John Bell, B.A.;
St Ferreol, M L'Abbe Provancher. Abundant on uncleared land along
the Bedford Road, where the dried fronds are used by the farmers as
winter fodder for sheep. Augmentation of Grenville, C. E., J. Bell
B.A. ; near Komoka, C.W., W. Saunders. This fern is common also'
m the .Northern States. I have a lax form, with long stipes and remark-
ably short somewliat triangular piuna3, from Scuooley's Mountains.

SciIIZ.KA.

[S. pusilla, Pursh.— Newfoundland, De la Pylaie. I have no further
information re^jecting its occurrence in British America. Professor A.
Gray indicates its distribution in the United States thus :— " Low
grounds, pine barrens of New Jersey, rare," which is not at all favour-
able to its being found in Newfoundland or Canada. Mr Eaton has
sent me beautiful specimens from sandy swamps in Ocean County, New
Jersey.]

Nat. Ord. OPHIOGLOSSACE^E.

BoTRYCHUM.

B. virginicum, Swartz.— Barren bra.ich sessile, attached above the
middle of the main stem, thin, delicat:, veiny, tripinnate, lobes of the
pinnules deeply incised ; fertile branch bi- or slightly tripinnate. Very
variable in size, usually a foot or more in height, but sometimes only a
tew inches. liotr>jclnnm vhylnmim, Swartz, A. Gray, J. Sm. li.
vuyoiianum, Schk. Osmundcc virtjlnica, Linn. Sp. PI. Jhtn/pus vir-
ijmicus, Michx.— Not uncommon in the woods about Kingston and the
surrounding country, as near Odessa, ir Hinchinbruok, &c.; Delta;
ioroiitu; Sulphur Spring, llaiuilton. Judge Logic ; Prescott, in woods^
common, B. Billings, jr. ; Nicolet, Montreal, Wolfe Island and Chippawa,

l9

if

Synopsis of Canadian Ferns and FiUcoid Plants. 27

P, W. Maclagan, M.D. ; Bollovlllo, rich woods, very coinm- , J. Macoun ;
Ramsay, Rev. J. K. M'Morino, M.A. ; River Marcouin, St Lawrence
(jiiilf, also opposite Grand Island, Lake SujHjrior, R. Ikll, jr., C.E. ;
Mctrsoni, Riviere Rouge, and Do Saluborry, west line, W, S. M. D'Urban ;
Montreal, Osnnbnick, und Prescott Junction, Rev. E. M, Epstein ; Hill
Portage above Oxford House, (Jovornor M'Tavish ; Newfoundland, Miss
Rrenton, in Fl. Hor. Am. ; Lake Huron to Saskatchewan, Hook. Fl. Bor,
Am.; Oaspe, Jolin Rell, U.A. ; Stanfold, M. L'Abbc Provancher; Oren-
villo, C. E., J. Hell ; London, \V. Saunders.

/S. gracile. — Very small (5 or 6 inches high), fertile branch less
divided. II. (jracile, Pursh. Hill Portage, above Oxford House, Go-
vernor M'Tavish.

y. simplex. — Barren branch oblong, pinnatifid, the lobes ovate, incised,
veiny. li. simplex, Hitclicock. Grenville, C.E., John Bell, B.A.

li. lanariovhs, Swartz. — Barren branch long-stalked, arising from
near the base of the main stem, thick and leathery, bipinnate, the
pinnules slightly crenate ; fertile branch bipinnate. Root of long thick
tuber-like tibres. Botiycldum, lanarioidcSi Swartz, Gray. B. fuma-
rioides, W'illd., Provancher. Uotnjpus luiianoidcs, Michx. — Gananoque
Lake, May 18G1 ; Plains near Castleton, and woods near the Hop Garden,
Btdlevillo, rare, J. IMacoun ; Three Rivers, C.E., P. W. ]\Iaclagan,
M.D. ; Waste places west from Prescott Junction, rare, B. Billings, jr. ;
St Joachim, Provancher ; L'Ongnal, J. Bell ; English's Woods, W.
Saunders ; in the Northern States this species grows in dry rich woods,
" mostly southward," according to Professor Gray's Manual.

B. obli<inum (Muhl.), appears to b3 chiefly distinguished by its larger
size, more compound fertile frond, and the narrower oblique divisions of
the barren one. J>. obliqnum (Muhl.), Pursh. Fl. Amer. Sept., vol. ii.
p. G56. Newfoundland, Dr Morrison in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ; " Wes-
leyan Cemetery, London," W. Saunders.

/>. Lunaria, Swartz. — Barren branch sessile, arising from the middle
of the stem, thick and lenthery, oblong, pinnate ; pinnif lunate or lan-
ahaped, slightly incised ou the rounded margin. Botnjch'mm Luna-
ria. Swartz, Schk., Hook., jNIoore, J. Sni. Osmunda Lunaria, Linn. —
Nipigon, lSr)3, Governor ^I'Tavish ; N.E. America, Dr Hooker's tab. ;
Newfoundland, Saskatchewan, and Rocky Mountains to Behring's Bay
in N. W. Am., T. Moore, Hbk. Brit. Ferns.

OrnioGLOSsuM.
[O. vulgatum, L., which is widely distributed throughout Europe and
Northern Asia, and grows also in the Nortliern United States, although
there '" not common," is to be looked for in Canada. In one of its
forms (O. reticulatum, Linn.), it extends to the West Indies.]

Nat. Ord. LYCOPODIACE.E.*
Plananthus.

p. Selago, Pallisot-Beauvois. — Stem dichotomously branched, erect,

* In this order the arrangement of A. M. F. J. rallisot-Beauvois is adopted,
ns it seems to afford the bo.st basis for a readjustment of tlie genera of Li/co-
podiareo', wliich is nnich required. For P.-B,'s t^eiuia Lppitluti.i, I Jiavti thought
it hitter to substitute the name Li/copodium, an old name that should not be
discarded.

28 St/nopsifi of Canadian Ferns and Filiroid, IHonls.

fastigiate ; loaves in about 8 rows, inoro or loss convcrji;ont or spreadinisf,
lanceolate, acuminate, entire;; sporanj^ia in llie axils of the common
loaves (not in spikes). Lycopodium Siiogo, Linn., E. H., IJif^dow, Heck,
Hook, and Orev., Torrey Fl. N. Y. ii. p. '>0t<, Gray. — Labrador,
Hudson's Hay to Kocky Mountains, Ilook. Fl. H. A. ; ehoro of Lake
Superior and northward, Professor A. Gray, Man. Hot., N. S., p. 003.
I have not seen Canadian specimens of this plant. The stations known
show that it encircles Canada, and some uf them are probably within
our limits. Principal Dawson obtained the alpino variety on the White
Mountains, Herb. Hot. Soc. Canada. It is a rare plant in the United
States. There are two forms of this species (both of which are figured
by Dillenius). a. nylvaticux, loaves convergent, olmost apprcsscd. /3,
alpinns, leaves widely- spreai ling, stems shorter.

P. lucidulus. Stem dichotomously divided into long erect branches ;
leaves bright green, iu about 8 rows, reflo.xed, linear-lanceolate, acute,
denticulate; sjwrangia in the axils of the common leaves (not in spikes).
Lijcopodium Incidnlnm^ Mic "ux, Pursh, Bigelow, Torr. Fl. N. Y,
ii. p. 5UF, Gray, Beck, Darlington, Hook, and Grev. Bot. Mis, L.
reflexutn, Schk. Lycopodlum unhet'cctiim of Lowe, a Madeira plant.
Selago amcricana, foliis dintlculittiK njlexis, Dill. Hist. Mus. t. Ivi. —
Gananoque Lakes, CoUins's Bay, Newboro onthe-Rideau, woods in vear
of Kintrston, &c. ; i'rescott, common, B. Billings, jr.; Nicolet, C.E.,
St Catherine's and Grantham, P. W. Maclagan, M.D. ; Belleville, in
swamps and cold woods, rather common, J. Macoun ; River Rlsiigouche,
St Lawrence Gulf, R. Bell, jr., C.K. ; L'Orignal, J. Bell, B.A. ; London,
W. Saunders; Ramsay, Rev. J. K. M'Morine, MA. This species is
stated by Professo Torrey to be rather common in New York State.
" Frequently bears ulbs instead of cajjsiiles," Pursh.

[P. alopccuroid, . P. Beauv. — The habitat " Canada" is> given for
Lycopoiliuni alopeawoidcs, Linn., in the " Species Phintarum," ed. 3,
vol. ii. p. 1565 ; but it is probably not a Canadian plant,]

P. inundatus, P. Beauv. — Stems prostrate, adherent to the soil, the
fertile ones erect; leaves secund, yellowish green, )ance-awl-shapod,
acute ; sporangia in distinct, terminal, leafy, sessile, solitary spikes.
Lycopodlum inundatitni, Linn., E.B., >Hchaux, Pursh, Beck, Tucker-
man, Torr. Fl. N. Y. ii. p. 508, Gray. Plananthus inundatun,
Beauv. /.. (itopecvroid-s, Linn., in part? — In cedar swamps and over-
flowed woods, Canada, Pursh. Professor Torrey notices its occurrence
in the north-western part of the State of New York. Professor Gray
observes, tliat the leaves are narrower in the American than in the
European plant, and suggests that it may be a distinct species. 1
have not yet seen Canadian specimeus.

1

'm.

LycoponitTM.

L. clavatum, Linn. — Stems robu-i, and very long, prostrate, rooting,
forked, with short ascending branches ; leaves pale, incurved, linear-
awl-shapf)d, tipped with a white hair ])oint ; sporangia in scaly catkins,
which are usually in pairs on common peduncles. Lycopodlum clavatum,
Linn., E. B., Michaux, Pursh, Bigelow Heck, Darlington, Si)rinji:,irook.,
Torrey, Gray. L. tristacliyuin, Pursh ? L. integrlfulium, Hook.
L. an^tatum, Humboldt. — Occasionally found in the woods ii. rear ol'

^mwm&

t

Synopmfi of Cnnndim Frrns and FiJi'roid Phints. 20

Kingstoti, but not common ; Nowfoundliuul Hook. Fl. Hor. Am. ;
bttween Thessalou and Minwisauf^i Rivers, Lake Huron, R. Roll, jr.;
Prt'scott, common. B. RiUings, jr. ; Three Rivers, Teniiscouata, and
WoUe Island, P. W. :SIacla}>;an, M.D. ; Siiymour, in pine woods, rare,
J. Macoun; Ramsay, Rev. J. K. M'Morine, iVI.A. ; River Ristigouche,
St Lawrence Gulf, R. Bell, jr. ; London, W. Saunders, C.E. ; L'Orignal
. .i<! . -Anso au Cousin, Ga^\^(\ J. Bell ; Belmont. The spores, chiefly of
,.i', "cics, constitute puluU lycopodii, which is used by apothecaries,
and was at' one time employed for making artificial lightning in tho

theatres.

/>. annotinvm, Michaux.— Stems very long, prostrate, creepmg, forked,
with ascending brunches; leaves bright green, spreading or slightly
detlexed, in about five rows, linear-lanceolate, mucmnate, serrulate ;
sporangia in scaly catkins, wliich are sessile, solitary, oblong-cylindrical,
thick. Lyropodiiim annotinvm, Michaux, E. B., Pursh, Bock. Tucker-
man, Torrey, Fl. New York State, ii. p. 509.— Pine forests in Hinchin-
broo'k ; rocky woods in Pittsburg, on tho north bank of the St liawrcncc,
near Kingston ; Gananoque Lakes ; L'AnfO au Cousin, Gasp.', John Bell,
B.A. ; I'rescott. common, B. Billings, jr.; Riviere du Loup, Nicolet,
Montreal, and Kingston, P. W. Maclagan, M.D. ; Belleville, in cool
woods, common, J. Macoun; Ramsay, Rev. J. K. M'Morine, M.A. ;
Priceville, C. L Cameron, B.A. ; Newfuumlland, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ;
St Augustin and Cap Tourmente, >L L'Abbe Provancher. Frequent in
New York State, according to Professor Torrey. Of this species there
are two forms, only one of which, the normal one, or type, I have as yet
observed in Canada. The var. (3 alpcstre, Hartm. Scan. Fl., having
broader, shorter, paler, less spreading leaves, I have from the Dovrefieldt
(T. Anderson, M.D.), Lochnagar (A. Croall), and entrance to Glen Fee,
Clova, where I found it growing with the typicd form.

L. dendrouleum, Miohx.— Stems upright, bare below, bushy above
(giving the plant a tree-like aspect), arising from a long creeping rhizome,
leaves more or less appressed ; sporangia, in scaly catkins, which are
sessile, cylindrical. Lycopodium dendroideum, ]\Iichx., Pursh, Bigo-
low, Hook., Beck, Darlington. L. oUcumm, Linn,, Bigelow, Oakes. —
White cedar woods near Bath, abundant, and throughout the woods
generally in rear of Kingston ; Gananoque River ; Priceville, C. L
Cameron, B.A. ; Prescott, common, B. Billings, jr. ; Nicolet, Mount
Johnson, and Montreal, P. W. Maclagan, INLD.; Seymour and Cra-
nmhe, in cold moist woods, J. Macoun ; River Ristigouche, Gulf of
St Lawrence, R. Bell, jr. ; Ramsay, Rev. J. K. M'Morine, M.A. ; Now
Brunswick, Hook, F. B. A ; Osnabruck and Prescott Junction, Rev. E.
M. Epstein ; London, W. Saunders ; Harrington, L'Orignal, and Gaspe,
John Bell, B.A. ; St Joachim, M. L'.ibbo Provancher.

L. complanatum, Linn. — Stems rhizome-like with ascending branches,
which are dichotomousiy divided, flattened ; leaves short, in four rows,
those of two rows imbricated, appressed, of the other two somewhat
spreading; sporangia in scaly cylindrical catkins, in twos, threes, or
fours, on a common peduncle. Lifcopodkim complanatiim,hmn., Gray,
Blytt. L. chammcypanssias, Braun. L. sahiniefolium, Willd. — Not
uncommon in the woods about Kingston, and in rear; Newboro-or the
Rideau ; Gananoque River ; River Ristigouche, St Lawrence Gult", and
St Joseph's Island opposite Campment D'Ours, Lake Huron, R. Bell,

80 Synopsis of Cnnadinn Fcrun and FtUcoid Plants*

Jr. ; Ramsay, Rev. J. K. M'Morino, M.A. ; pino j,'rovo iioaf V\m Chiirdi
CV'inotcry and woodlands west from Hrockvillo, not conimon, H. Billing,
jr.; Throe Rivera and Tomiscouata, O.K., P. W. MochiKan, M.I). ;
sandy woods around Castlotcm, storilo Mils JBri^htcm und Murray,
J. Macoun ; L'Orignal and L'Anso au ('oiisin, liuHpf, J. Hell, H.A. ;
Trois Fistolos, M. L'Abbt' I'rovancher ; London, \V. SaundtTB. To this
species is rofurrod /.. sahinofoliuin, Willd., A. c/inmocifparmiaii, A.
Braun, with branches moro erect and fii.scicled. I'rofessor Asa Gray
remarks : — The typical form of L. comjilunatum, with spreading, fan--
like branches, is abundant southern (in N. States), while northward it
passes gradually into var. Hahinafolium." I have only one rather im-
perfect specimen of the European f,. chainaci/parimaa, coWactoil at Bonn,
on tho Rhine, by my friend Professor G. S Black io, which does not
differ in tho branching from ordinary Canadian forms of L. complana-
tum. It appears to bo quite a common species in tho States, for I have
it from a great many places.

Selaginella.

8. spi^ulosa, A. Braun. — Small, prostrate, leaves lanceolate, acute,
spreading, spinosely toothed ; fertile l)ranch stouter, ascending spike
sessile. Sdaijinella spinnlosa, A. Braun, Blytt, Norges Fl. Lyco-
podium seloginoidjit, Linn., Pursh Fl. Am, Sept. ed. ii. p. G54.
Sdcujinella splnosa, Beau v. ScUujhidU. atdatjlnouli^, A. CJray, Man.
Bot. N. States, p. 605. — Gaspe, John Bell, B.A. ; Canada, Michaux;
Lake Superior and northward, pretty rare. Professor Asa Gray in i\Ian.
Bot. ?^. States; Canada, Pursh, who observes: "Tho American plant
is smaller than the European."

SlACJIva YNANDUCM .

8. nipestre, P. Beauv. — Much branched, leaves slightly spreading
when moist, appressed when dry, carinate, hair-tipjted ; compact and
moss-like, growing' on bare rocks. Sdaijinella rupestiig, Spring, A.
Gray, Eaton. l.ijcopodinm rupcstre, Linn., Pur&h Fl. Am. Sept.,
ed. ii. p. 0")4. — On the perpendicular faces of Laure itian rocks, along
the north bank of the St Lawrence, in i'ittsburg, and on tho Thousand
Islands at Brockville, &c. ; Loiigpoint on the Gananoque River ; near
Farmersville, C. W., T. F. '^'haniberlain, M.D. ; rocks in pine groves two
miles west from Prescott, near the river, and on rocks west from Brock-
ville, not common, B. Billings, jr. ; Ramsay, Rev. J. K. M'Morine,
M.A. ; Beloeil and Mount Johnson, C.E., P. W. Maclagan, M.D.

DlPLOSTACHYUM.

D. apodum, P. Beauv. — Stems creeping, branched ; leaves pale vivid
green, of two kinds, — the larger spreading horizontally, ovate-oblique,
the smaller appressed, acuminate, stipule-like. Forms comjjact tufts.
Lycopodium apodum, Linn., Pursh. Fl, Am. Sept. ed. 2, ii. p. 0.54.
Selacjindla apm, Gray, Eaton. — Abundant on low wet ground east of
Front, Street. Belleville, below the hill, where it was pointed out to nie
by Mr J. Macoun, July 1863. In September 1863, I found it sparingly
but fertile, on grassy Hats by the river side at Odessa. Near London,

"

%

1
1

I

Si/nnpat8 of Cnnndian Fcrnfi ami FlUcoid Plnufs. Rl

W. SaimdoM ; Detroit Rivor, C. W., P. W. MaolaRan, M.I). Appa-
rently not coiniuon in tho United Ktutcs. I havo it from Scliooiey'»
Mountains. 'J'his in a very uniall, compactly -growinf? moBs-liko 8j)ccio8,
wi'll adapted for cultivation under a plasa iihade. It was a p^eat favourite
with tlie late Dr Patrick Neill, in whoso stove, at CanonmillH, Kdin-
burgh, I first Baw it many years ago.

Nat. Ord. MARSlLEACEiE.

AzuLtA.

A. Caroliniana, Willd. — Pinnately branched with cellular, imbricated
leaves ; plant reddish, circular in outline, ^-1 inch in diameter ; leaves
ovate obtuse, rounded and roughened on the back (Eaton). Resembles
a floating moss or Jungermunnia (Torrey). (Jray, Man. Bot., t. 14.
Floating on the waters of Lake Ontario, Pursh Fl. Am. 8upt., ed. 2 ii.
p. G72. In the adjoining states, Professor Asa Gray notices it as oc-
curring in pools and lakes, New York to Illinois and southward, and
observes that it is probably the same as A, magellanica of all South
America.

Salvinia.

[Sah'inia 7iatan« = Manilea natans, Linn. Sp. PI. " Floating
like lemna on the surface of stognant waters, in several of the small lakes
in the western parts of New York atid Canada." — Pursh Fl. Am. Sept.
ed. 2, ii. p. G72. Professor Asa Gray states, that it has not been found
by any one except Pursh, and he therefore omits it from his Manual of
Hotany of tlie Northern States.]

IflOETES.

/. lacustris, L Reloeil, C. E., P. W. Maclagan, M.D. ; Saskat-
chewan, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. This plant is spoken of by Pursh aa
fT'-owing i:i the Oswego River, near the Falls; and Professor Gray and
others allude to it as not rare in the New Englard States. It should be
carefully looked for in the numerous lakes and creeks of Upper Canada.
It grows in muddy bottoms, forming green meadows under water. Much
interest is attached to the ;;enus Isoitea, since I'rofessor Babington has
shown that instead of one there are many species, or at least distinct
races or forms, in Britain. In the United States four are known : —
/. lacH8tri8, Linn. ; /. riparia, Engelm. ; /. Kiujclmamil, Braun ; and
/. flaccida, Shuttlew., the last a southern form. Professor Babington is
certain of the existence of at least eight Euroi)ean species : — /. lacustns,
L. ; /. cchinoqwm, Dur. ; /. teniiissima, Bor.; /. adspersa, A. Br.;
I. setacea, Del. ; /. velata, Bory. ; /. Hystrir, Dur. ; and /. Dvn'ai ;
Bory. As yet we know of only one Canadian species, which is here
rendered, rather uncertainly, I. lacustris. The American spr'cics are
described in Gray's Manual, the British ones in the new Journal of
Hotany, London.

Nat. Ord. EQUISETACEyE.
Equisetum.
The Equiscta having boon described in a previous paper, it will be
sufticient to give hero a mere list of the species, with some additional
notes obtained since the former paper wus written.

82 ^^yiWfWH o/(Vnimfinn Frrtift ami Filicoid Tianls.

E. *ylvaticum, Linn. Nowfoutidlond and New UrunHwick Hook Fl
Bor. Am.

E. itiflvntieum, /3. cnfiUare. Much J.riin.lio.l ; hran.hoi very long
itraight, and oxceedingly Hlntidor (capillary). I'ariiuirsvillo.

E. umlyromm, Willd. Hehnont.

E. firvmifr, lAnn. West from London, \V. Saunders. Tho rhizome
btmrM larpo «i.liorical piU-liko aodulea, which are. however, more con-
«|>i(Mjou« in var. iS. grannlatum*

E. (trveme, (3. ffranulntinn.

E. 'IVlmataa, Ehrhart. Shores of Lake Ontario, Bock.

E. limomm, F/vt'«.— Tho f,Toat value of thld gpocies and of E. nrvenne
as fodder plants, is oonflnned. On tho western prairies horics are laid
to fict " rolling' fat" on Kquisetum in ten duya ; and experionccd travel-
lers toll mo. that their horses always k<' faHter next day aft t resting at
night on K<iuis!'tum pasture. The horses do not take to i* at first ; but
ttftor having a bit of Mquisntum put (.ocasionally into their moutlis.'thoy
soon acquiro a liking for it, and prefer it to all other herbage. Near
Komoka, VV. Saunders.

E.hiiemnle, Linn. Lako iluron, Iloi.k. Fl. Bor. Am.; St Joochira,
»\. L Abbo Provancher; London, W. S.

^ E. rohugtum, Uraun. Stems much thicker than in E. hyemale, tho
ridges with one lino of lubercles ; sheaths shorter than broad, with a
black baud at base, and a less distinct ono at tho margin; tooth abwut
forty, three-keeled. E. r„bu»tnia, liraun, A. (iray. Grenadier Pond
on the number River near Toronto, 3d Juno 18G2. It is difficult to
decide whether this and other forms are really distinct from E.lnjemale;
certainly tliat species varies in size, in roughness, and other chavacters!
In rohvstum tho teeth are twice as many as in hycmale, but even this is
perhaps not a . onstant character.

E. variefjatum, Weber and Mohr. ; St Joachim, M. L'Abbo Pro-
vancher.

E. scirpoides, Michau.x.

E. acirpoidcs, /3. minor.

E.palustre, Linn.—" Canada, from Lake Huron, Dr Todd, Mr Cleg-
horn, Mrs Peroval, to tho shores of tho Arctic Sea, Dr Richardson
Orummond, Sir John Franklin, Captain Rack."— Hook. Fl. Ror. Amer*
Professor A. (iray speaks of " the European E. paluxtre:' " attributed
to thiQ^ country (the N. American States) by Pursh, probably incor-
rectly. Dr Hooker indicates its existence, without doubt, in Arctic West
America and Arctic East Americu,. The name of tho i)knt has occa-
sionally appeared in Canadian lists, but I have as yet seen no Canadian
specimen. It remains for Canadian or Hudson's Ray botanists to trace
Its southern limit on the American Continent. In Europe and Asia it
has no tendency to Arctic limitation.

fniNTKD ny NKII.L am. OoMi.aNV, Kl.lNHllH.n.

■^■.^-^:.r...... ■■.^X.^^:r

hinfm.

i!k Hook. Fl.

L5H very long

I.

rho rhizome
r, inoru con-

f E. arvente
*e» aro laid
need travel -
r resting at
it first ; but
iioutiis, tliey
ago. Near

3t Joochini,

ifcmnle, the
ottd, with a
teetli a'm.ut
ulior Pond,
difficult to
^.hycmale;
' chavactcTs.
oven this ia

Abbtj Pro-

1, Mr Cleg,
lichardson,
IJor. Anier.
' attributed
ably incor-
irctic West
has occa-
) Canadian
sts to trace
md Asia it