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m^^^B^
SYNOPSIS
)
OF
CANADIAN FERNS AND FILICOID PLANTS,
BY
GEORGE LAWSON, Ph.D., LL.T).
pnOFKSSOR OF r ., tlSTBY AND NATCUAL HISTORY IN DALH0U8IE COLLEGE, HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA.
J'^om the Edaiburgh New Philosophical Journal Jor January and April 1864.
EDINBURGH: PRINTED BY NEILL AND COMPANY.
MDCCCLXIV.
,AM
Pl 0Z8
p
SYNOPSIS
Of
CANADIAN FERNS AND FILICOID PLANTS.
The following Synopsis embraces a concise statement of what is known respecting Canadian ferns and lilicoid plants. Imperfect as it is, I trust that it will prove useful to bo- tanists and fern fanciers, and stiniulate to i.nowed dili- gence in investigation. Tiie whole number of species enumerated is 74. Of these 11 are doubtful. Farther in- vestigation will probably lead to the elimination of several of the doubtful species, which are retained for the present with a view to promote inquiry ; but a few additional spe- cies, as yet unknown within the boundaries of Canada, may be discovered. The above number (74) may be regarded, then, as a fair estimate- -perhaps slightly in excess— of the actual number of ferns and Slicoid plants existing in Ca- nada. The number certainly known to exist, after deduct- ing the species of doubtful occurrence, is G3,
The number of species described in Professor Asa Gray's exhaustive " Manual," as actually known to inhabit the northern United States, that is to say, the country lying to the pouth of the St Lawrence River and great lakes, stretching to and including Virginia and Kentucky in the south, ami extending westward to the Mississippi Eiver, is 75. This number does hot include any doubtful species.
The number described in Dr Chapman's " Flora," as in habiting the Southern States, that is, all the states south of Virginia and Kentucky and east of the Mississippi, is 69,*
* Mr D. C. Eaton, M.A., is author of that portion of Dr Chapman's " Flora" which relates to the ferns.
5o0()6
w:M-'vmt
4 S'//no^)siti of (kmudian Fema and FUicoid Plants.
From tliof^t' Rtatomonts it will be flcen tliut wo luivo our duo 8haro of fcniH in Canada.
Tho wliolo nuiid)cr of forns in all the American States, and tlio Britinli Nurtli American PrnvincoH, is estimated, in a recent letter from Mr Eaton, as probuMy over 100.
In the lU'itisli It^lands there are about GO ferns and filicoid plants. In inlands of warmer regions the numVir is greatly increased. Thus IMr Eaton's Enumeration of the true ferns collected by Wright, Scott, and Hayes, in Cuba, embraces 357 Bi)ecie8. Tho proportions of ferns to phanerogamous plants in tho floras of different countries are thus indic^-teJ by Professor Balfour, in tho " Class Book of Botany," page !il)8, ^ 1G04: — *' In tho low plains of the great continents within tho tropics ferns aro to phanerogamous plants as 1 to 20 ; en the mountainous parts of the great continents, in the same latitudes as 1 to 8 or 1 to 6 ; in Congo as 1 to 27 ; in New Holland as 1 to 20. In small islands, dispersed ovor a wide ocean, the proportion of ferns increases ; thus, while in Jamaica the proportion is 1 to 8, in Otabeite it is 1 to 4, and in St Helena and Ascension nearly 1 to 2. In tho temperate Zone, Ilunjboldt gives tho proportion of ferns to phanerogamous plants as 1 to 70. In North America tho proportion is 1 to 35 ; in France 1 to 58 ; in Germany 1 to 62; in tho dry parts of South Italy as 1 to 74; and in Oreeco 1 to 84. In colder regions tho proportion increases ; that is to say, ferns decrease more slowly in number than phane- rogamous plants. Thus, in Lapland, tho proportion is 1 to 25 ; in Iceland 1 to 18 ; and in Greenland 1 to 12. The proportion is least in the middle temperate zone, and it increases both towards the equator and towards tho pole3 ; at tho same time it must bo remarked, that ferns reach their absolute maximum in the torrid zone, and their absolute minimum in the arctic zone."
Canada consists of a belt of land, lyir.g to the north of tho St Lawrence River and tho great lakes. By these it is separated, along nearly the whole extent of its south- eastern and western boundaries, from tho northern United States, which thus enclose Canada on two sides. A striking resemblance, amounting almost to identity, is therefore to be looked for in the floras of the two countries. Yet species appear in each that arc absent in the other.
raa
Synopsis of CaiuuUnu Ferns and Filkuid I'Unifs.
A
duo
The Bpccies of forii} and fllicoiil plantn wliicli aro cer- tiiinly Cana<lian, nuinhor . . . 6.i
Ortlicsa thoro inlmbit tlic Nortlicvn States, . .08
Do. <i<). Ht>uthern Htatos, . 38
Do. do. Europo, . . '¥)
Tlio following tablo ifl designed to kIiow some of the geo- graphical relations of our Canadian ferns. The first column ^^I.) refers exclusively to the occurrence of the species with- in the Canadian boundary. The plus sign ( + ) indicates that the species is general, or at least does tot show any decided tendency towards the extreme eastern or western, or noithcrn or southern parts of the province. The letters N, H, E, W, <fec., variously combined, indicate that the species is so limiU'd i J iho corresponding northern, southern, eastern, or w^itc D parts of the province, or at least has a well-defined te^^abiicy to such liiiiitation. The mark of interrogation (?) si^rifioa dcubt ae to the ocv-urrenco of the species. The K.^nond column (II.) sbcws what Canadian species occur aV'O Jii the NrrtVorr S.a^ct;, that is the region embraced by A, Grp}''-' TTanuai ; iU>d Uie third column (III.) those thut extend down "oulh into Chapman's territory. The fourth column (IV.) sIiowg the occurrence of our species in Europe ; C in this column indicating Continental Europe, and B the British Islands. The fifth or last column (V.) shows tho species that extend northwards into tho Arctic circle — 35 in all, of vhich, however, only 14, or perhaps 15, aro known to bo arctic in America. Am, As, Eu, and G in- dicate respectively Arctic America, Arctic Asia, Arctic Europe, and Arctic Greenland. Tho information contained in the last column has been chiefly derived from Dr Ilooker's able Memoir in tho Linnean Transactions (vol. xxiii. p. 251).
Hitherto no attention whatever has been paid, in Canada, to tho study of those remarkable variations in form to which the species of ferns are so peculiarly liable. In Britain, the study of varieties has now been pursued by botanists so fully as to show that the phenomena which they present have a most important bearing upon many jdiysiological and taxological questions of the greatest scientific interest. The varieties arc studied in a systematic manner, and the laws of variation have been to a certain extent ascertained.
n Si/fi'ypm't of OtntitUnn Ferna and FUicoid FUinfa.
And an t!n) ttHtrouoiiier can point out the exiMtcuco of a planet before it linn boon seon, anil tlie cliumiHt coii con- itruct formiiliu for orgaiiir coinpomulu — moinbtTS of liouio- logoiiH 8orio8 — in anticipation of their actual discovery, »o, in like nmuiier the ptcriihilugirtt now Htuilii-s the variations of Hpecies hy ti coniparativo nyHtcm, which enahles him to look for ecjuivahnt lorniH in tiio coircbponding species of dilferent groups. Studies so pursued are calculated to evolve more accurate ami definite notions as to the real naturo of species, and the laws of divergence in form of which they are capal»le. I would therefore earnestly invite Canadian hotanists to a more careful study of the varieties of tho Canadian ferns, after tiio manner of Moore and other European leaders in ihis conqiaratively now path. Tho elasticity, or proneness to variation, of the specie.-t in certain groups of animals and plants has been somewhat rashly used to account for the origin of species, by what is called tho process of variation. It seems to tell all the other way. rninimerahlo as are tho giotcsciuo variations of ferns, in forkings, and frillings, ami tassellings, and abnormal veiu- ings, <fec. (sec the figures in IMoorc's works), we do not know of a single species in which such peculiarities have becomo permanent or general, that is sptcijiv, so that the species can bo traced back to such an origin ; surely something of the kind would have happened had all species originated by a process of variation.
Tabular View of the Distribution of Canadian Ferns and Allied Plants over certain juirts of the Northern Hemisphere*
|
Name. |
I. |
II. Is + + + + |
III. li + + |
IV. |
V. |
|
•-i |
|||||
|
PotYPODIACE^. 1. Poly podium vulgare, . , 2. P. liexagonopterum, . . . 3. P. Phegopteris, .... 4. P. Dryopteris |
+ + + + |
C.B. C.B. C.B. |
Eu. Eu. G. Eu.Am.G. |
* In tho ubnvo Table, tlio doubtful species are included; but all reference tu varieties is omitted.
I
tSi/nopaii oj Cnnadian Fumt a:»d FUkoid riantt. 7
Nami.
5. P. Uobcrtlaniitn, . . 0. A'liuntum pudatum, ,
7. VUm» uiiiiiliim, . .
8. IN^ln'a atr(>|>iirpurca, .
9. AlloHorni Stollori,
10. CryittDgniiiiiiiu acroitichoido,
11. Struthiopteri* j^enuttaictt,
12. Onoolua i»«!n«ibilia, i;i. Anpluiiiiiui Triohonianoi,
14. A. viritlu
l/J. A. un^juHtifoliain, . . 1(1. A. olieneuiii, . . .
17. A. n.arinuiii, . . .
18. A. tlu'lyptcroidcii, 1!). A, iiiotitunuiiii . . .
20. A. lluta-iimraria. . .
21. Atliyrium Filix-laMnina,
22. Woudwardia virginioa,
23. Scol(»|>on(lrium viilj;aro,
24. Caiuptosorus rhizophj-Uus, 2.*^. Lttstroa dilatata, . .
26. L. margiiialis, . . .
27. L. Filix-maB, . . .
28. L. cristata
29. L. (iolilieana, . , .
30. L . iVagrans, . . .
31. L. Thelyptorig, . .
32. li. Nov-Eboraccnsis, .
33. rolystichum angularo,
34. P. Lonchiti8, . . .
35. P. acroatichoi(lc8, .
36. Cystopteris fragilis, . 37" C. bulbifeii, . . .
38. Dennstaudti.i punotilobuli
39. Woodaia Jivensis,
40. \V. alpina, ....
41. W. glabella, . . .
42. \V. obtusa, ... .
43. Osmunda regalia, . .
44. 0. cinnamomoa, .
45. O. Claytoniana, . . 40. Schiza'a pusilla, . .
II. HI.
??
c.u.
Eu.
Am. Ku.
£u. Q.
C.B.
c.ri.
C.B,
Eu. Eu.
Eu. Am. Eu. G.
• I •
As,Am,0
Eu. Eu.Am.G
C.B. Eu.Am.G.
C.B
/Eu. As. (Am. G. Eu. G. Am.
8 Synoptic o/Cnnmlian Finif and Filicttft Phmfn.
Saum.
OvnumumtAVf.M. 4^. Uoh\ ' , vlrginicum,
48. H. Im li li'i,
40. H. LunarU,
no. 0|ihiogloiiaum vulgatuiii,
Lycopodia* r.r..
51. riatianthui Suiugo, , . .
62. P. I'icidiiluii
fi3, P. olo{wouroi(lci
m, p. mun<latii«
flfl. Lycopodiiim oluvatum, . ,
lid. L. annotiniini
57. L. <lun !r(»i(l«!ijin, . , , ,
58. L. i'oin|ilunatuiii, , , 60. ScIuginoUa npinuloga, . .
60. Htncliygvnuniln.iii nipoBtr", .
61. Di))luatuch)-uin u|hkIuiii, . .
^rAnsiT.RACB.K.
62. AzoUa curoliniana, . . ,
63. Stilvinif, trntuiis
64. Iioetes lucuitri», , , » ,
Equi^etacrj'.
65. Ecpjisotiun sylvaticum, . .
66. E. umbro8uiu, . . • • .
67. E. arvensG
03. E. Telmatcja, . . » . .
69. E. limosiiu., . . . . .
70. E. hyeinulo, . . • . .
71. E. robustum, . ^ , , ,
72. E. variegatura, , . . ,
73. E, scirpoiJos, , , * , .
74. E. palustre, , . . . .
+ + N.
N.?
+ If
+ +
+
+
N.E.
S. ??
+
+ +
w.
+
+ +
N.E.
+
N.
III. IV.
+
» » •
+
+ •f
+
+
+
+
+ + + +
+
+ + + + +
+ + +
1
?
c.n
CD
C.B
c.
• • •
; C.B
C.B. IC.B.
C. C.B.
V.
II
F.U. O.
Eli. 0. Eu.
(Eu. A\ (Am. O.
Eu. O. E'ji.AiQ.O.
*fti
Ku. .\i.
Eu. 0.
C. C.B.
Eu. 0.
C.n.Eu.Am.G. C.B. I Eu.
C.B.l(f tf* (Am. U.
CB
C.B. C.B.
C.B.
C. C.B.
Eu. Eu.
(Eu.Am.?
\ o,
I Eu. Ai. (Am. 0. Eu. Am.
SjnrjjHit'^ "J Ganadian Ftimi ami Filicoid V mit.
yat. Ont. rOLYI'ODIACK.*;.
/'. vnlfj.tn-, I/mn, -Fniii'l liniur .iWU.ny; or toiiu!wl>»t Un.-rolatfl, mof^ or l«ti< ttciuiiliuilit, ilouply |tiiirii'fitlil, ill "toitiu i'ormi •Iiikh' piimutu ; lobw (or |»iiumv limmroblonn, obtu»«, oftmi muIm, raroly aiumiitate, i.ntiru or ermmlv >r Mtrralu ; -<>ri Urnu ; wry vnriablit a* n-gunN ouUiiiw of Ihi fr«»ii I, form, &«., oflho loboa, and wtrrature. /*. vnl^afe, Liiiii., A. i\t%y iNntort), /to. /'. viiijinianum of EiiKli»h Ka^l^)ll•. /'. vulytrt, v»r. rtf«mVa«u»rt, Il'wk., T..rr«jy Fl. N. Y.,ll. 4H0.— t»n mckn In th« w.mmU, not ruro uroiiml thii c'ty itf Klnj^ton ; abundant on t: o nn-ky baiikri of tliu H» La\vr.'ii«-«, in I'ittjibur^pj ; in the v ciod« at Culllns'* Uny ; and on Judne Malloch'i farm, a milo weit f • IJrocUvillo ; Uan«MtK|ii« Iftkon iind rivor«; KaruicrnvilUi ; Novvboroni • Uldt lu ; Toronto; on th« Krttttt boiiUlur of tlio 'Irint Valluy, near i r. /iton ; on r.K!k« wi-st from iJrockvillo, ouUTop of P..t«ilaia Sand«t.)no at 0<ford, wul Hull inoun ttti.iH nuai ChfUua, C'.K , H. IJiilinK-. jr ; near Catinnuu MilU, H. MMiillivray, M.I).; Mount Joimnon, t;.h., and Niagara Hi vur, I'. W, MaduK'ttn, M.I).; Hrit^bton. in tho crovlce of a rook In a fiwld, and obundant on r.wky banks, ri^ht bunk of tlio Moira, alK>vo Ik-lU-villo, J. Mttcoun; UiiiuHay, Uov. J. K. MMorino, M.A. ; northwuHt from (Irani to Point, Lako Suiwrior. U. iJt.ll, jr. ; mountain top, near Mr nryd^e't homo, Hamilton. C.VV.. Judge LokIo ; Uivor Uougo and lowor t-nd of V.ut liaVc, W. a. M. D'Urban ; CajK. Haldiinaiid. Oui«|.l-, John Uill. U.A. ; Ufd lUvcr Sottloiiiont. (iovonior M'Tavi«h ; I'iod ihi rap Tourmento, M. li'Abhii Provunohur; L'OriK-nal and Gr.invillo, C.E., J. Ikill B.A. Tho hubitath ahovo citoil show tliat althougu this forn in not to common in Oanada a» in Hritain, it is novurtlitdosH widoly distrib itt-d. It is coin- m(m in Now York State, according to Trofessor Torroy ; and in tho Northom StatcH genorally, according to I'rofoMor A«a Uray ; ruror in tho South, according to I )r Chapman.
I\ hexaijonoptenim, '>'ich. — Froi'd triungidar in outline, acuminata, pinnate, hairy throughout ; pinnrc broadly lanoeolato, pinnatifid ; lowest pair of piiinu" larger tiuui tho others, not deflexeit ; lobes of the pinna) iir'car-oblong or lanceolate, strongly tootlied, or almost pikinatifid. Tho decur ent pinnaj liaire a tondoncy to form conspicuous irregular angled wing« along the rachis. Stipe not sc-'v except at tlie base. Rhizome long, slender, ramifying. Wliole plant much largor than /'. riuyopterit, and quite a {litlerent species. P. hcxagonoptei^mi, Michx , A. Gray, &c. The tiguro in Lowe's Ferns, vol. i. p. H'J, tab. 49, is a little too much like Fhegopteris. P. Phnjopterin y. viojxs, Hook, Fl. lior. Amer., ii. p, 258. Hooker's d tutemiedia of Fhegopteris is conntCtUc, Willd , which A. Gray refers to P. Plieijopteru, L. Ph>'<joptcri» htXiujonnptera, J. am. Cat., p. 17.— Canada, Goldie in Hook. Fi. B. Amer. ; Chippawa, C. W., P. W. Maclagan, M.D. ; Mirwin'a Woods, near Prescott, rare B. liillinp^, jr. ; near VVestminstor Pond, London. \V. Saunders. Not by any means eo general in ('anada aa in New York State, where, Pro- fessor Torrey states, it is conimou.
P. Phetjopieris, Linn.— Frtmd acutely triaiigulrtr In outllr.fi,
acsimi-
B
10 Synopsis of Canadian Ferns and Filiroiil Plants,
natfl, pinnate ; the pinnm Uneur-lttncoolak', i)innatifi(l, lowest pair do floxcil ; lohcs of tlio jtinnT (tblonp;, si.'^tluvshaptMl, nhtiisc', approximate, ( ntiro ; racliis liuiry and minutely scaly to t!ic ap(3X of thu frond, a.s well as the mid-ribs of the pinnrr. P. Phigopterin, Linn., A. Gray, Moore, (S:c. Phi'ijDjttii'in vvf'-aris, J. Sm. /'. conmi'tite, Michx., Pnrsh I'M. Am. Sept., cd. 2, vou ii. p. G50. — Canada, Hooker; IJlack Lead Falls and Do 8alabcrry, west lino, \V. S. M. D'Urban ; Ramsay, Rev. J. K. M'Morine, M.A. ; Nlcolot, P. W. Madaffan, M.D. ; Prescott, damp woods, not common, Osjjfood Station of tlic Uttawa and Prescott Rail- way, also Ciloucoator, near Ottawa, growinji; on the side of a ravine, and Chelsea, C.E., B. Hillings, Jr ; opposite (irand Island, Lake Superior, R. Ht'll. jr. ; L'()ri,u;nal and irarrinii;ton, J. Hell, H.A.
J'. Di'iiiiptcriif, Linn. — Frond tliin, liglit-groen, pentangular in outline, consisting of tlirce divaricate triangular subdivisions, each of which is ])innute, with its pinnae more or less deeply pinnatifid ; pinnules oblong, obtuse, nearly entire ; stijje slender and weak, not glandulose. P. I>rij~ optcris, Linn., A. Gray, Moore. &c. Ph<'(j<>pteri8 Dri/itpt' rits, J. Sm. — Abundant in the woods around Kingston ; Ramsay, Rev, J. K. M'Morine, M.A. ; very common in woods about Prescott, H. Hillings, jr. ; Montreal and Niculet Rivers, C.K., P. W. Maclagan, M.l). ; Belleville, common in the woods, J. Macoun ; opposite Grand Island, Lake Superior, R. Bell, jr. ; River Rouge, Round Lake, Montreal, De Salaberry, west line, and Black Lead Falls, \V S. M. D'Urban ; Js'cvvfoundland, La- brador; Somerset and St Joachim, M. L'Abbe Provancher; L'Orignal, J. Bell, B.A.
I'ar. (3. erectum. — Frond erect, rigid, with a very stout and very long glabrous stipe (18 inches long) ; beech woods at CoUins's Bay, near King- ston, with the normal form. Tliis variety resembles P. liobertianiun in general asjiect, but is not at all glandulose.
P. RohcrtiiDiinn, llofl'man. — A stouter plant than P. Dryoptrris , fronds more rigid and erect ; rachis, (cc , closely beset with minute- stalked glands. P. Eohertianinn, HofTnian, Moore, Sea. P. culcari nm, Sm. P. Dnjoptei'it*, var. calcareum, A. Gray. — Canada, Moore aiul other authors ; United States, Gray and otiiers. This species is com- moidy sjioken and written of as a Canadian Fern. Not having liad an opportunity of seeing Canadian specimens, I cannol cite special habitats, The minutely glandulose rachis serves at once to distinguish it.
ADiANTUM.
A. pedatiim, Linn. — Stijie black and shining, erect, forked at top, the forks secundly branched, the branches bearing oblique triangular oblong pinnules. A. pedatmu, Linn., A. Gray, &c., Lowe's Ferns, vol. iii. pi. 14. Abundant in vegetable scU in the woods around King- ston ; woods around the iron mines at Newboro-on-the-Ilideau ; Farmers- v'lle ; Toronto ; Montreal, Chipi)awa, Wolfe Island, and Maiden, P. W. Maclagan. M.D. ; Belleville, in ricii woods, abundant, J. jNIacoun ; Ramsay, Rev. J. K. M'Morino, M.A. ; Ke-we-naw Point, R. Bell, jr. ; at the Sulphur Spring, and common everywhere aljout Iiamilton, Judge Logic : Lake Huron. Hook. Fl. B. A. ; Do Salaberry, west line, W. S. M. D'Urban; on the Gatineau, near Gilmour'.s rafting ground, D.
'MM-m-',
Synopsis of Canadinn Ferns and FlHcoid Plants.
11
M'GiUivniy, M.D. ; Lnn<lon, W. Saunders; St Joachim and Mo St Paul Moiitrcal, M. L'Al.bc I'rc.vancl.cr ; West Hawkcsbury and Orcn- villo C.l'u, J. Hell, 15. A. Ai.|.uivntl>' oonnnon cvorywluTe m Upp^r Canada. I cannot speak so dcanitoly of the Lower Province Has « one of our finest Canadian ferns; "the most jrracofnl and deliratc ot North American ferns" says Torroy. It is easily cultivated. I'uu'. aa it is in the C.iuadian woods, I have specimens even more handsome troni Schoolcy's Mountains (A. 0. Brodio, Ceyh.n Civil Service) ; their ian- like fronds si)read out in a semicircle, with a raduis of 2\ feet. It is not a variable species in Canada. T. Moore, in " Index Filicum," gives its distribution as N. and N.W. America, California to Sitka, ^orth India, Sikkim, Nepal, Gurwhal, Simla, Kuumon, Japan. There is a vav. f:>. ukuticnni, Rupr., in the Aleutian Islands.
Ptruis.
Pt. aquiUua, Linn.— Stipe stout, 1 to 3 feet high, frond ternale, branches bipinnate, pinnules oblong luncoolato, sorl continuous under their recurved margins. Pt. wjaillna, Linn., A. Gray, Moore, &c.— Abundant on Dr Yates's farm in Pittsburg, and elsewhere about Kingston ;\Vater- do\'nRoad, Hamilton, common, Judge Logic; Chippawa and Maiden, C.W , P. W. Maclagau, M.D. ; Ramsay, Rev. J. K. M'Monne, M.A. , I'rescott, common, 13. lUllings, jr.; Relleville, very comraori on barren ridges J. Macoun; Grand Island, Lake Superior, R. Bell, jr-i l^^.l Lake River, also between Wild Rice and Red Lake Rivers, and Otter Tail Lake and River, between Snake Hill River and Pembina <S:c., J. C. Schultz, M.D. ; Black Lead Falls, and Portage to Bark Lake, \V. S M. D'Urban; Gatineau Mills, very couuuon, I). M'Gillivray, M I) Lakefield, North Douro, Mrs Traill; New Brunswick, Hook. Fl Bor. Amer. ; L'Orignal, J. Beil, B.A. ; London, W. Saunders.
a. i;c,:t.— Pinnules plnnatlfid (tho normal or typical form of Moore), Dr Yates's farm, Kingston. ,
13. intoiernma.—Vinnulcs entire (a sub- variety), common in Canada and westward. There are various other sub-varieties, diflfering in size,
pubescence, &c.
y. decipkns.— Frond bipinnate, thin and membr-nous, lanugmose, 1 innules pinnatifidly toothed, or, in small forms, entire, barren ; L'Anse u Cabiclle, Gaspe, John Bull, B.A. This is a very remarkable tern, resembling a Lastrea, and in the absence of fructification, it is doubt- fully referred to Ptcris aqidlina, yet tlie venation seems to indicate that it belongs to that species, which is remarkable for its puzzling forms. Being at a loss what to make of this fern, I sent it to ]Mr D. C. Eaton, M.A^, who is justl- h)uked up to by American botanists as out best authoritv on American ferns, and he likewise failed to recognise it. I liope some visitor to CJasp.' will endeavour to obtain it in a fertile state, and thus relieve the doubt.*
[Yar. 5. caudata appears occasionally in lists. I have as yet no satisfactory evidence of its occurrence in Cauiida proper. The nearest
* Siiu-e ilic iibovi: was w
i-ilicii. I havt: liii>l :in oiiinirtiuiity of .-^'.udyii
t!;
fdviiis and (loviloiniiriit of Ptcris o'jui
Joublful plant, is a statu of tliat species, not <.1<1 eieni;
Una, and am ijuili' satisfied that tlia
rh til be fertili
1 2 Si/nopsis of Canadian Ferns and Filicoid Plants.
approach to it is a specimen from tho Hudson's Buy territories, probably from the Roil lliver District (Governor M'Tavish). In the South it is a vary distinct form, of which there uro beautiful specimens in Wright's Cuban Plants (No. 872), and is very close to the Ptcri$ tsculenta of Australia.]
P. atrrrpurpnrea, Link. — Stiiio and rachis almost blaok, shininj?, r> to 12 inches high, frond coriaceous, pinnate, divisions opposite, linear- oblong or somewhat oval. Pteris atropurpurea, Linn. Platyloma atrop., J. Sm., Torr. Fl. N, Y., ii. p. 488. AUomvus atropnqmrcus, A. Gray. Pelhva atropurpurea. Link., Fin', J. Sm. in Cat., Eaton. — ■ Niagara Ilivcr, at the Whirlpool, three miles below the Falls. This fern seems to retain its fronds all winter, for I have fertile specimens, in a fine state, collected at the Whirlpool at the end of February 1859 by A, O. Brodie. Dr P. W. Maolagan has also collected it there. It is not common anywhere on the American Continent so far as I can learn. Mr Lowe c^.caks of it as in cultivation in Britain, " an evergreen frame or greenhouse species, not sutficiently hardy to stand over winter's cold." There must be some other reason for ws^iL of success in its cultivation in Britain.
ALtOSOllUS,
A. Stelleri, Iluprccht. — Fronds pale-green, thin and papery, 3 to 9 inches long, bipinnate or tripinnate, some of the smaller barren fronds scarcely more than pinnate ; pinnte five or six pairs; lobes of the barren frond, rounded, oval, veiny; of the fertile frond, much narrower, linear- lanceolate, firmer ; sori at the tips of th^ forked veins along the margins, stipe red. whole plant glabrous. A beautiful and delicate fern, growing in the crevices of rooks, rare. Allosorns Stelleri, Ledeb. Fl. Rossica. Allosorvx fjracllis, Presl., A. Gray, Torrey Fl. N. Y. ii. p. 487. In a letter from Mr T. Moore (1857), he mentioned to me that he had learned from specimens from Dr Regel, St Petersburg, that *' the North American Allosorus gracilis was the old Pteris Stelleri of Amman, so that it spreads from North America through Siberia to India, whence Dr Hooker has it." Alloaorus niinutiis, Turcz. PI. Exs. Cheilanthes (iracilis,K\f. Cryptogramma gracilis, Torrey. Pteris Stelleri, GmeVm. Pteris minuta, Turcz. Cat. PI. Baik. Dah. Ft. gracilis, Michaux. — Near Lukefield, North Douro, C.W., on rocks, Mrs Traill ; abundant in crevices of limestone rocks, on the rocky banks cf the Moira, Belleville, Co. Hastings, J. Macoun ; Lake of Three Mountains, W. S. M. D'Urban ; Canada to the Saskatchewan, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ; Dartmouth, Gaspe, John Bell, B.A. This is a northern species, and rare in the United States,
Cryptookamma.
C. acrosiichoiiles, R. Br. — " Remarkable for Its sporangia extending far down on the oblique veins, so as to form linear lines of fruit." I have not seen the ])lant. It is referred by Sir William Hooker to Allosorus crispus (A. Gr. in Enum. of Dr Parry's iiky. Mtn. Plants). Cri/ptogramma acrostlchoiihs, R. Br., Moore. Allosorhs acrostichoides, A. dr. — Isle Royale, Lake Superior, Placed in Dr Hotker's lable as a
I
Synopsis of Cunudian Fcrna and Filicoid Plants.
1:5
Canadian species that does not extend into the United States. ^ It haa recently been found on the Rocky Mountains. Alloi-ni>^ cn»i)vs is general throughout Europe, and occurs at Sitka, in North- West America. Mr Moore observes that the Eastern (Indian) species, A. Bmnoniuna, is very doubtfully distinct from the European plant.
Struthioptf.ris. 8. germanica var. /3 jpenmyZvcmca.— Rhizomo stout, erect ; fronds tufted ; sterile ones large pinnate, erect- spread ir^r, deeply pinnatitid ; the fertile ones erect, rigid, with revolute contracted divisions, wholly covered on the back by sporangia. A very graceful fern, well suited for cultiva- tion in gardens. Stnithiopteris pennsylvanica, Willd., Pursh, J. Sni. Cat. S. germanica, Hooker, Torrcy Fl. N. Y. ii. p. 486, Gray. Os- mnnda Struthioptcria, Linn. ; Onoclea St.-ithiopterh, Schkr. ; Onocka nodnlosa, Schkr., according to Hooker. Torrey refers O. nodulosa, Michx., to WoodwardiaamjHstifolia.—FranWiWe, Kitley ; Longpoint ; Lansdowno; Hardwood Creek; usually found along the ui vrgins of creeks, &c. ; common in rich, wet woods near Preacott, and abundant around Ottawa, B. Billings, jr. ; low rich grounds, Belleville, abundant along Cold Creek, J. :Macoun ; Re-we-naw Point, Lake Superior, in low ground, at times under water, R. Bell, jr. ; Ramsay, Rev. J. K. M'Morine, M.A. ; near Lakefield, North Douro, Mrs Traill, field beyond Waterdown, Hamilton, Judge Logic ; Osnabruck and Prescott Junction, Rev. E. M. Epstein ; near Montreal, W. S. M. D Urban ; Assiniboine River, John C. Schultz, M.D. ; Canada, to the Saskatchewan, Hook. Fl. Bor. A. ; Pied du. Tourmente, M. L'Abbe Provancher. Th.a is the commonest plant in the Bedford Swamps ; Gaspc and L'Orignal, J. Bell, B.A. ; London, W. Saunders. Found in the western y&vt ot New York State, but rare according to Torrey.
Onoclea. O. semihilis, Linn.— Rhizome creeping; barren frond broad, leafy, deeply pinnatifid ; fertile ones erect, spicate, contracted, doubly pinnate, with small revolute pinnules, enclosing the sporangia, not at all leafy. Onoclea senaihilis, Linn., A. Gr., J. Sm., &c. Lowe's Ferns, vol. vi. pi. 1— In woods along the banks of the Little Cataraqui Creek in great abundance, and in moist swampy places in the woods in various other places about Kingston; wtst end of Loborough Lake; Becanoour, M. L'Abbe Provancher ; London, W. Saunders ; common in marshy ground at Hamilton, Judge Logic ; Lakefield, North Douro, Mrs Traill ; St John's, C. E., Niagara and Maiden, P. W. Maclagan, M.D. ; Belle- ville, in low marshy places, abundant, J. Macoun ; Ramsay, Rev. J. K. M'Morine, M.A. ; Amagos Creek, Lake Superior, R. Bell, jr. ; Prescott, common, B. Billings, jr.; on the river shore, Gatineau Mills, D. M'Gillivray, M.D. ; L'Anse au Cousin, Gaspd and L'Orignal, J. Bell ; Nova Scotia. This curious fern has neen cultivated in England since 1699; at Kew, since 1793. It is very variable as regards the outline and subdivision of the barren frond.
Var. /3. 6i29m}iaia.— Fronds bipiniiate ; perhaps not a constant form . Fertile fronds of this variety originated the 0. uhtasllobata, Schkr. Peche River, and near Cantley, Hull, D. ?n'Gillivray, M.D.
14 Sijnopsis of Canadian Fcrna and FUlcoid PhinU.
AsPLENItTM.
A. Trichomanes, Linn. — Frond small, narrow, linear, pinnate ; jiinjinp roundish-oblong or oval, ol)li([iie, almost sossilo, crcnatc : racliis blackish brown, shining, niarginetl ; sori distant from tho midrib. Asi^mnim TrlchomancK, Linn., Mooro, Oroy, &c., liowo's l-'orns, vol. v. pi. 22. Asp. melanocaii/on, Willd., Tursh. Fl. Sept. Amoric. ii. p.^ (»00. Anp. anc<ps, Lowe. — Inhabits rocky river banks, &c., but is not common in Can da. On rocky bunks, at Marble Rock, on tho Cla- naiioquo River ; Namainse, dry ground on tho top of a mountain, 11. JUuU, jr. ; rocky woodlands west from Rrocliville, raro, U. IJillinga, jr. ; Montreal, Jones's Falls and Niagara, P. \V. Maclugan, M.D. ; Lake Medad, Hamilton, Judge Logic; Pittsburg, near Kingst .n. John Roll, R.A. ; Pied (^u cap Tourmente, M. L'Abb6 Provancher; near Uello- villo, J. iNIacoun.
0. dclicatulum. — Frond narrower, pinnrc much smaller, thinner, and wider apart tlian in tho normal form. This is a sub-variety, passing by intermediate states into the typical plant, which is the common form of northern Europe. The variety is the prevalent form in Canada, but also occurs farther south in the United States, for I have specimens from Catskill (A, O. Brodie), and is not confined to the American con- tinent, for Professor Caruel, the acute author of" Flora Italian;'," sends specimens of a similar form from Florence. Tiiereis an Aap. Trick, var. mojus in Cuba (according to Mr Eaton's Enumeration of Wriglit's Cuban ferns). A. anccps is a Madtiran form, not distinguishable, so far as I can see, from common European states oi A. Trichomanes.
A. viride, Hudson.— Frond small, linear, piimate , pinna3 roundish- oblong or oval, more or less cuneate at base, slightly stalked, crenate or slightly lobed ; rachis bright green ; sori approximate to tho midrib ; in outline of frond and general aspect resembles the preceding spec'es. A. viride, Hudson, Flora Anglioa, 385 ; Sm., Bab., Moore, &c. A. Trichomanes, /3 ramosum, Linn. — This beautiful alpine fern was found in Canada for the first time last summer, having been collected in con- siderable quantity at Gaspc, C.E., by John Bell, B.A., who formed one of a party of the Provincial Geological Survey. It was previously known to occur sparingly in N.W. America, at one spot op the Rocky Mountains, and in Greenland. Mr Bell's discovery of its occurrence in Gaspu is therefore extremely interesting in a geographical point of view. The Gaspd specimens although young, agree perfectly with the typical European form of A. viride, of which I have a full series of Scotch ex- amples, as well as others collected in Norway by T. Anderson, M.l). In youiig specimens the pinna; are usually large, thin, and more cuneate and lobod than in the mature plant, in which they are roundish-ovate.
A. angu)itifulium,Wuihx.— Frond large (1 to 3 feet high), annual, lan- ceolate, pinnate ; pinnae long, linear-lanceolate, acute ; fertile fronds more contracted than the barren ones, " bearing sixty to eighty curved fruit dots on the upper branches of the pinnate forcing vein*," (Eaton). .•1. an(justifolium, Michaux, A. Cray, Eaton, J. Smith, Lowe's Ferns, vol. V. pi. 24. "In Canada this fern appears to be confined to the o.x- treme south-western point of the province ;* Maiden, P. W. Maclagan,
* Subsequuully found in tlie BoUevillo district by Mr Macoun.
|{ k ii L
a
71 .1 I t t
i
Sunoi>8ls of Cnnnflian tVrns and Filicoid Plants.
15
M D • at tho Oil WoUs, township of Enn.slt.l en, ^'.^'^y Ak-xan. er lUmo\\. For information of tho latter Btation 1 am uidobtcl o tho k nl « of Judgo l.o«io of Hamilton. This foru apj.ear. to bo Bhll r a o in cultivation amon^ tlu, fern fanciers of Kuropo. It was .ntro.luced to Mritain in 1812 by Mr John Lyon of Dundoo.
T"'. 1" nu Ait.n.-Frond erect, knco-linear. pin; .-to ; pmnro numo- rout Ian 0 a e (tho lower oblong), sessile, slightl, .uric ed at base r 'finely serrate; rachis blackish-brown ^^--^V.^^ttr Futon ncum, Alton, Hortns Kowensis, cd 2. vol v. p. ^ ^^ ^^ "^^ l-fj^j^' I Smith Lowe's Ferns, vol. v. pi 2. A. i,ounHnhoide,, hch^r.-- Uocky woods, UrockviUc B. Billings, jr. ; the only locahty n. Jana.la m'which I have seen H,ccimens.; AUhough so rare -^. - t u^^^^^^^^^ clos api^ars to be not uncommon in tho Unite<l btates. Or^J ^ ^^^^^^^^^ it aH" rather common;" I have specimens from bchc«)loy s Mountains West Point N. Y., Providence. Pl.iladelphia, &c. Judging from Mr Eaton's indi^atic. in Chapman's Flora, it again seems to docTeuse in tho south so that its present headquarters are in the Northern btates
ti- "«•--. iinn.-F->cl broad and leafy , linear-lanceolate, tapered ubive pinnate; pinr.» ovate-oblong or linear, obUque shortly stalked, ra ely rmat.fid the upper ones confluent, stipe browmsh, rachis brovvn l^W.^^een and wingell above, -i large, I near, oblK.uo ; grow on
rocks. Asplcnlum marinn,n, L nn ^^I^^^^l'/- ^'"if^-j.^- . f ' ^fZ'- IIort-New Brunswick, E. N. Kendal, m Hook. H. Bor Am. 1 can- not learn that this fern has been subsequently found in North America and lope, therefore, that botanists will look for it on the rocky shores .. New Brunswick. It usually grows out of tho crerices of ^hore clili. and is very limited in its geographical range, growing according to Moore only in tho western part of Europe, crossing from Spain ^.o 1 an- glers on 2 African coast.'and being again met with in Madeira, the
^Ttn!j^::S^iL^^.-^ron,s large oblong-ovate, pinnate ; piima. lancLlate, acuminate, from a broad sessile base, and deeply
in:rtifid: the lobes oblong, minutely toothed. ^^>^a«.m ^^^^^^^ Michaux Pursh, Bigelow, Torrey, Beck. Darlington, Gray, Eaton. Z> ;LSr. thel^pterUs, Presl, J. Sm.-Iu rich woods, De balaben-y. west line W S M. DUrban ; Mirwin's woods, &c., Prcscot , B. Bi - Unts jr ; Beloeil Mountain. P. W. Maclagan. M D ; moist woods
e^v'the Hop Garden, Belleville, rare, J Macouu (a deeply serra od leafy form) ; Ramsay, J. K. M'Morine, M.A. ; bt Joachim, M.L Abbe Provancher London, W. Saunders. Not a common fern m Canada; pJrlaT mo e plentiful in the United States. I have a fine series of spSens from Schooley's Mountains (A. 0. Brodie), and others from
^'TTermtum.- -Lobes of the pinna) ovate-oblong, approximate, strongly and incisely serrate. This maybe regarded as a sub- variety. -Belle-
''Mtonrrm.Willd.. which extends along the Alleghanies. has not vet been found in Canada, but may possibly occur. It grows on clitls. J ^ r Tl^!^.nnraria, Linn.-The wall-rue, a small species, which grows in the crevices of limestone cliils m the Northern btates. and is common * Subseiiucutly found uoar Belleville by Mr Macouu.
1<> Sijnojma of Canadtim Ferna and Filicoid Pldttts.
on 8tono walls and old buiklini;^ in Britain, is to bo loulccd for in Canada.]
Athyhidm.
A. Filix-fagmina, R. Hr.-- Frond aniplo (1-C f-jot long), broadly oblong-lanceolato, bipinnato ; pinnn' ul^o lunccolato ; pinnules ovato- lancoolate or oblong, incisely toothed. Uruws in large tufts, tho fronds dulicate, of a briglit groon hue. Lady Forn of tlie poots. Athyrium Filix foemina, II. Br., Spreng,, Roth., Hook., Mooro, &c. Agpidiam Fillx-foemina, Swartz, Pursh, Beck. AKpidium aitplenioides, Swartz, Willd., Pursh. Asplctvum Athyrium, iSchkr. A»plcnium Michauxii, Spreng. Aitplcnium Filix -fcemina, A. CJray Man., p. 595- Nephro- diuiti a^)lcnioidca and Filix faunina, Michx. AAple-niivm anguttutn, Willd., I'ursh. Common in tho wooda, as near Fingstor, Toronto, Tren*on, &c. ; Poche River, Ottawa, Lr M'Gillivray ; Tomiscouata, Chip- pawa and Maiden, P. W. Maclugan, M.I). ; Belleville, moist woods, very common, several varieties, J. Macoun ; Ramsay, Rev. J, K. M'Morino, M.A. ; mouth of the Awaganissis Brook, Gulf of St Lawrence, C.ii,, and Schibwah River, I^ake Superior, R. Bell, jr. ; Cemetery grounds, Hamilton, and on Princes Island, Judge Logic ; Hamilton's Farm and base of Silver Mt , \V. S. M. DUrban ; Mountain Fall, H. B. T., Governor M'Tavish ; Snake Hill Rivijr, John C. Scliiiltz, M.D. ; L'Anse h la Barbe, Gasp6 and L'Orignal, John Bell, B.A. ; St Tite, M. L'Abb6 Provancher; London, W. Saunders.
/S. angmtum. — Frond narrow, linear-lanceolate ; pinnaa rather crowded ; pinnules not pinnatifid, but incisely toothed, with recurved margins ; sori short, curved {Anpidium angustum, Willd. ?) — Farmcrs- ville ; Delta ; Belleville, J. I\Iacoun.
y. rhceticum, — Frond rather small, firm, narrowly lanceolate in out- line ; pinnae more or less distant, and narrowly lanceolate ; pinnules incisely toothed or deeply pinnatifid, linear, or more frequently lanceolate- aoute, and acquiring a linear aspect from the rcilection of the lobes, often crowded with confluent sori. — Dr Yates's farm, on the banks of the St Lawrence, near Kingston ; near Montreal, Rev. E. M. Epstein, M.D. ; near Lakefield, North Douro, Mrs Traill.
3. rigidinn. — Frond small, rigid ; pinnules approximate, connected at the base by a broad decurrent membrane, sori confined to the lower part of each pinnule. — Lakefield, Nurth Douro, Mrs Traill.
There are other forms of tliis species, dependent in many caseb, mi doubt, upon situation ; some with thin veiny fronds of great size, bearing few scattered sori. One form, very like the British var. molk, was gathered at Belleville by Mr Mci"oun. I know no fern more variable tiian this, Our Canadian forms require careful examination.
WOODWAUDIA.
W. virginica, Willd. — Frond pinnate ; pinnaj lanceolate, pinnatifid ; sori arranged in line on either side of the midribs of pinna) and pinnules. Woodivardia virginica, Willd. ; A. Ciray Man. p. .OOJi. ( Doodia, R. Br.) — Millgrove Marsh, C.W., Judg«^ Logic; sphagnous swamp near Heck's Mills, tm miles from Prescott, Augusta, C.W., B. Billings, jr. ; Pelhaui, C.W., P. W. Maclagun, M.D. ; licUeville, J. Mac.mn.
s't/nopsia of Canadian Ferns and Filicoid Planh 17
ScOLOrKNDRlOM.
H, vnlmre, Smith.— Fronds (in tufts) strap- sb apod, with a cordate base, undivided, marj^in entire, stipe scaly. Scolopendnnm vul,jare, J. h. Smith, Hub., J. Sm, Moore, &c. S. ojicinamm, Swurtz fcchkr.. Gray Man p r.U3 ; Torr. Fl. N. Y. ii. p. 490. S. Phjlhht, lloth. .S. ojici- nale'hc S. lingua, CavaniUes. Atplenmm Scohpendnum, Lmn. S» Plantarura, &c. A. elongatum, Salisb. lilechnum Imgtnfohum, Stokes. PhylUtis Scolopendrium, Newman.— Owen Sound, Georgian Hay, Lake Huron, on soft springy ground, amongst largo stones, growing in tufts, abundant, 1801. Robert Bell, junior, C.E. This interesting ad- dition to our list of Canadian ferns has been collected in the same place by the Rev. Prof. William Ilincks, f .L.S. Mr Hell's specimens agree, in every respect, with the typical European form of the species, which is ex- ccedingly variable. Only one station was previously known tor this fern in all North America, viz., limestone rocks along Chittenango CreeK near the Falls, respecting which Professor Torrey observed :-*' This fern is undoubtedly indigenous in the locality here given, which is the only place where it has hitherto been found in North America. It was hrst detected by Pursh, who found it in shady woods, among loose rocks in the western parts of New York, near Onondago, on the plantations of J. Geddis, Esq. This species (he said) I have seen m no other place but that here mentioned, neither have I had any information of its having been found in any other part of North America. {Pursh.) Nuttall states that he found it in the western part of the state, without giving the locality ; but according to Dr Pickering, the specimens of Mr ^ uttall, in the herbarium of the Academy of Sciences in Philadelphia, are marked, " Near Cunandaigua, at Geddis's f-^rm, in a shady wood, with Ta.ru, canademis," Torrey Fl. N. Y. ii. p. 490 This fern occurs throughout Europe, and also in Northern Asia. Mr Moore considers the Mexican S. iJndeni as a mere variety of this species. In Europe there are many remarkable varieties, of which Mr Moo^o has figured and de- scribed more than fifty that occur in Britain. The great beauty and remarkable character of many of these render them very suitable for cultivation. None of the abnormal forms have as yet been tound m America, probably merely because they have not been looked for.
CAMPTOSOnUS.
C rU'ophyllus, Presl.— Frond lanceolaie, broad and hastate,^ or cordate at buse, attenuated towards the tip, which strikes root and gives rise to a new plant; hence this fern is culled the ^Valking Leaf; fronds evergreen. Campto$orus rhizophyllm. Link, Presl, A. Gray, Eaton, Hooker. A^plcnium rhizophyllam, Linn, in part (Linnreus s name included Fadyenia prolif"ra, a totally diHerent plant) Michaux, Pursh Fl. Am. Sept. ii. p. t566, Bitfelow, Torrey, Book, Jarlington, Lowe's Ferns, vol. v. pi. U a. Antujmmma rhizophylla J. bm., Torrev Fl. N. Y. ii. p. 494. Camptosorm ■nimicifolius, Link. — On the flat perpei.dieular face oi a ruck m inv ■.yooo., .... Ti.e ..pi. .. ners side jf the mills at High Falls, township of Portland, C.W , July 1862. In a rocky wood, a mile north-west from the Oxford station of
18 Si/nnf)mii of Cnnndtnn FvmM and Fth'roiff Plants.
tho Ottawa and I'rcMott Uuilway, upcm a Tcik uliphtly oovorod with iiiouM, H. I'illin;;!*, jr.; niDuntain sido west from llaniiUuri, ulso ut Anciutor and at Lako Mfdiul, JikIku Lo)];io ; Woltb ImIuiuI, K. J, l''ox ; not run) alntut Owon Sound, Kcv. Prof. \V. Ilinckt), F.L.8. ; Montreal Mountain, M. L'Abbc Provancher ; rathor n(;rthfrn in iti rango in North Aniurica, Imt not connnon anywhuro in CunuiJa. 'i'liii) curious furn huH buo!i loi g in cultivation in ttiu butunio gurduna of Europe.
Labtrra.
L. dilatatn, Presl. — Fronds Hprt'iiding, broadly luncvolato, rather pale but vivid green, bipinnatu ; the pinnules pinnate or pinnatifld with pointed lubes ; on tho lower pinna', tho jwgterior pinnules are longer than the anterior ones ; stipe with rather distant pule unieolorous scales ; sori small. This tlescription refers only to the commonest form in Canada. It is a very variable species. Afpldiuin spiniiloaum, Gray. — Abundant in the woods about Kingston, as C'ollins's Hay, &c., Smith'"- Fulls, Odessa, woods near the J''ulls of Niagara, llinchinbrook, (iana- noque Lakes, Fannersville, Hardwood Creek, Delta, U|>[)er Itideau Lake, Newborc-on-tho-Uidoau, Longpoint ; Mouth of tho Awaganissis Hrook, (iuU'of St Lawronco, (Joulais River, also Grand Island, and at Ke-we- naw Point, Lake Superior, II. I'ell, jr. ; Itauisay, Ilov. J. K. M'Morine, M.A. ; I'roscott, very common, li. IJillings. jr. ; St John's. St Valentino, and Beloeil, P. W. Maclugan, M.I). ; Uellovillo, very common, J. Mucoun ; St Joy Woods, W. S. M. D'Urban; Daniel's Harbour, New- foundland, .^ imes Richardson (a peculiar form) ; Peche River, Chelsea and Cantloy, Hull, D. M'Gillivray, M.I). Of varieties referable to var. BoutHi, Cray, var. dumttomm, Ciray, or others, ditfering from the common (which, however, is perhaps not tho typical) form, I have seen specimens from, or obtained information of their having been collected in, the following localities :— Maiden, Brighton, Point Rich, , Newfound- land, Hamilton's Farm, Murray, Hamilton, &c. These varieties still require careful study, with a view to their identification with European forms, which are now well understood.
3. tanacctifvUa, — Frond large and very broad, triangular, tripinnate, with the pinnules pinnatifid or deeply incised, lobed. P. tanacetifollum, DC. ? — Pointe den Morts, Gaspe, John liell, li.A. Mr Bell's specimen seems to agree wull with Mr Moore's desorii)tion of var. tanacctifolia. The typical L. dilatata, with dark-centred scales, so common in Scot- land, I have not yet seen growinjj in the Canadian woods ; but a frag- ment, the upper portion of a frond, from Point Rich, Newfoundland, James Richardson, looks like it.
L. maiylaalin, J. Smith. — Frond ovate-oblong, a foot, more or less, in lengtli, bipinnate, pale green, somewhat coriaceous, lasting the winter; pinna; linear-lanceolate, broad at base ; pinnules oblong, very obtuse, obsoUitely incised ; sori marginal; stipe of a pale cinnai ion colour when old, with large thin pale scales profuse below. L. manjinatis, J. Sm,, Anpidiara marginale, Swartz, I'u.-sh, Bigelow, Beck, Darlington, Gny, Eaton, Lowe's Ferns, vol. vi., pi. <^> (a bad figure), Torrey Fl. N. Y. ii. p. ido. Poli/poiUain manjuuilc, Linn. Ncjthrodium manjinale, Michaux. — This species is as common in the Canadian woods as La^trea Filix-mas is in those of Britain ; woods around Kingston, abundant ;
Sijn<yi)ti:, of Canadian F^mn anil VUicoid Vinnta. ID
lujorOtk'Bia; Nowboro-on the Hideau , alonj^ tin- cournuot tho Uanuruxjiio liiveruiid lakes, in varum* i>lac«« ; very Hno ut Marblo Hock ; FuniicM- ville ; IIar.lw()o.i ('n'«k ; Vulluy of tho Trent, found on tho ^reat Iwulder. &c. ;'on Judge MulUwh's farm and «'Uowhi>r« about Hrockvillo ; on limo- ■toni) rookH abovo tl.o lUpidn at Shaw's Mill, [.iikefiuld, North Douro, Mrs Traill; Sulphur Spring, Ilauiilton, Judge I.ogio ; Cedar Inland, A. T. Druinmond, jr., U.A. ; Siuith'« FalU, and Chippawa, l\ W. Mac- lagan, M.I). ; llam«ay, Uov. J. K. M'Morino, MA. ; Prunoott, common, U Hillings, jr. ; HoUevillo, in rich low moist woodt, common, J. Mu«!oun ; above Ulucklcad l-'alU. W. 8. M. D'Urban ; Ootineau MilU, D. M'Uil- Hvray, Ml).; Cap Tournionto, M. L'Abb.5 Provanchor ; Harrington, J. Hall, U.A. ; London, W. Saunders. This is oxclusivuly an American fern, It varies iji size and appearance ; in some specimens tho pinna* uro wide apart, tlieir divisions small and narrow; in others, the pinrro overlap each other, and their divisions are broad ami leafy, also over- lapping, and in sue!, forms they are usually toothed into rounded lo^^i. Mr Macoun sends a form from llcllevillo, more dcei)ly serrate than ui al /3. TraUhv.— VvmiU very large (3^ feet long), bipinnate, all tho piu- nuk-8 pinnatifid.— Lakefleld, North Douro. Mrs Traill. This is a very handsome variety, and would form an attractive plant in cultivation. It has tho Ban\c relation to tho typn of L. manjinalit which inata {erom) has to typical Fitix-nia^.
Lofti'a Filhv-mu8 is erroneously referred to in some American works on Materia Medica as a common North American and Canadian fern, [t has recently, however, been found on tho Kocky Mountains by l)r Tarry. Professor Gray says thi-t Dr Parry's specimens are apparently identical with the European plant. Nothing like it occurs in Canada, so far as I can ascertain. Varieties of L. manjinalls have been sent to rao undor tho name of Ftllxvias. ^
/.. crintata, Prcal.— Fronds erect, rigid, linear-oblong in outline, vivid green, pinnate or slightly bipinnate; pinna) triangular- lanceolate; pinnules large, oblong, approximate, dccurrent ; sori large, in a single scries on each side of, and near to, tho vein ; stipe with few pale scales. Lafitrea cnt^tnta, Presl, Moore, c\:c. Volypodium cnstotum, Linn. Agpidium criHtatum, Swartz, Willd., Pursli, K. B., Beck, Torrey Fl. N. Y., ii. p. 490 Gray. Axpidium cristatnm, /3. lancasti-iengc, Torrey ; A. Ian- castriense, Spreng., Bigelow, Beck, Darlington, Hooker— Woods around Kingston ; near the Pcoho River, Gatineau, a tributary of the Ottawa, D. M'Gillivray, M.D. ; Three Rivers, St John's, and Chippawa, P. \V. Maclagan, M.D. ; Sproule'.s Swamp, east from Belleville (a cedar swamp), not common, J. Macoun ; Ramsay, Rev. J. K. M'Morino, M.A. ; Prescott, common, B. Billings, jr. ; Lake of Three Mountains, W. S. M. D'Urban; Silver Brook, Uaspe, Jolin Bell, B.A. ; St FerreoL M. LAbbe Pro- vancher; L'Orignal, J. Boll; London, W. Saunders,
/.. Gohlicana, J. Smitli.— Frond very large (3 or 4 feet or more in length), dark green, bipinnate ; pinna; 6 to 8 inches long, narrow, liuear- lanceulate, not much attenuated towards the tips ; pinnules (12-20 pairs), linear-oblong, approximate, uniforndy curved forwards, scythe-shaped, ..„«.„t:.„„„ wi^v. oji ovtr-n li^Vio nt liiisfl : fiori small, near the midrib ; stipe with pale shaggy scales above and larger dark-centred ones below ; our largest Canadian fern, usually barren. Losti-ra Goldieana, J. Smith. Aspidium Goldieanum, Hooker, Edin. New Phil. Jour. vi.
20 Synopint o/Cnnrnfian Ferns and Filicoul Plnufn.
p. 333, and Fl. H«»r Am., ii p. 1?<]0, (Iroy. Nfphrodinm Qohlkanum, Hook, and Oruv. AtpitUiim Fil>x-ma$, I'limh, not of WiUd , rtro, — Kur- m^rtvillo, in wood* xwax thu villu({i*, abundant tind vi>ry flno, furniinff inuuunNtf tufti : near Iluniilton'a Farm and Do rialaborry, town lino, W. 8. M. nUrban; IteUwil Mountain, Montrual and .Vlaluon. 1». W. Mtti'lagan, M I). ; 'JolluviUo VVmxIii, uear Castloton; wocmU bolow Ilouly'a FalU, woit iiid«, und io binion TerriU'i Wood*, Brighton, J. Muiioun. Aufiutta, Jlubcrt Jardine, B.A. ; about Montreal, Mr (ioldiu in llook. Fl. Hor, Am. London, W. Suundom. This lino fern wuh uppropriuttdy namod by Sir V'llium Hooker in honour of iti di«*ovcror, a Mucct'Mful invostigator of Canadian botany, now roaident at Pari*, C.W. Tliu Rpecioi belong! (>xcliiiii?tdy to the Amorioan Continent. In Canada wu have two 8 jb-variotioi : —
a. tcrrata, in which tho divigionH of tho pinnae aro uoaracly Horrato. Montreal
Q. intKjernmn, in wliidi tho dirliioni of tho plnnro aro almost or quite cntiro. FurmorHvillo.
L. fragrant, Mooro. — P'rond 8 to 12 inches long, coriacooui, bipinnato, ptnno) triangular, of few (4 or .T pair«^ of pinnulcH, wliich aro crowded and covered beneath by tho largo rusty muiubranous indutia, which con- ceal the sori. Rachis with profuse, large, palish scales, esjHscially near tho base. A»pldinin f raff runs. Swartz, A. (iray. — Hocks, Fenokoo Iron Ridge, Lake Suix-'rior, Mr Lophan., and north-west — Professor Wootls, in Class- Hook; shaded trap rocks, Falls of tho St Croix, Wisconsin, I)r I'arry, and high northward, Gray's Manual. I have not yet seen Cana- dian specimens of ♦his 8[>ecies, which is quite a northern fern, stretching along tho northern shores of tho Pacific to the Russian Arctic dominions. I have 8|)ecimen8 from Repulse Bay, colU'cted by Captain Rao's party while wintering there in 1855. This [dant does not appear to be in cultivation in any Euroi)ean garden.
L. Thelypterif, Presl. — Frond erect, lanceolate, mostly broad at base, and narrowed upwards, thin, and herbaceous, or slightly coriaceous, gla- brous or downy, i)innate; pinnir liiuar, rather distant, deeply pinnatifld ; jdnnules witli revolutc margins, veins forked, sori near their middle, becoming confluent. Stipe as long as, or longer than, tho frond, and nuked. Lnstrca Thilifptii'l*, Presl, Moore, J. Sm. Avpidium The- lyptiris, Swiirtz, E. B. Wil'd., Pursh, Bigclow, Beck, Darlington, Tor- rey Fl. N. Y. ii. p. 49G, A. Gray, INIan. Poliipudlnni Theli/pteris, Linn. Druopteris Ttubjptcru, A. Gr. — Swamps in the woods, Town- ships of Hinchinbrook. Portland, Erncstown, &c. ; Millgrove Marsh, Hamilton, Judge Logic ; Gatineau Mills on tho Ottawa. D. M'Gillivray, M.D. ; Prescott, common, B. Billing, jr. ; Temiscouata, Thorold and Maiden, P. W. Maclagan, M.D. ; Belleville, very common in swamps, J. Mucoun ; Ramsay, Rev. J. K. M'Morine, M.A. ; portage to Bark Lake, and on lumber road through the woods east from Hamilton's Farm, W, S. M. D'Urban , Mcntreal, Drs Maclag.n and Epstein ; Hud- son's Bay Territories near Red River Settlement, Governor M'Tavish ; Si Joachim, M. L'Abbc Provancher ; L'Orignal, J. Bell, B.A. ; London, W. Saunders. In the State of New York this 8i»ecie8 is common in swamps and wet thickets (Torrey). I have it from West Point, N. Y. In the south, Eaton indicates Florida und northward. Very seldom found with fructification ( I ursh\ Fertile specimens are not rare with us.
8yftop»iit of CoikkIuih FiTns nmi Filiroitl I'lanti.
21
Tlif fork»Ml vcini of tlio |iitinul<'« ilnttmgiiuli thi« ip«flie« fVom the next. Ill tln! t'an»ilian j>li»rit lli« ontliiio of tim fnnnl i«» u littlo ilillonint from Hcoieh and Irl»h ipeeiuieni, boing Icm iiarrowtd at ba««. Thi -o arw thrno lorin« of thU nmno* In Cttiui.lii. Th« flrit (a) ite«n« to Ito tbo liliint of Uray't Manual, the Mcond (/3) U more liko tho L. Thfiiipttrit of Kiiroji*!, and tho third (y) ii mtonnediate bttwcon thU iiteoioi and the next,
a. /)Hf><^«ren».— Frond •omowhat coriacoous, donsoly pubcucont or downy throll^ho'lt, Odiniia, Hudnon'* Hay, Ac.
/3. j//<iJ<m. — Frond thin, horboccou*, glabroui. Montreal, ChoUoft, H inch in brook, Ac.
y. intt-rmf.diit. Frond narrowed Iwilow. glabrouii ; BtljK) ullghtly elon- gated (voinii forkf<l). Ounpw, J. '.mjII, H.A.
A. N»ii E\h>facenH$. — Frond lunwolatt', narrow at the haio, tliiii anil horbttccouii, pinnato ; pinniu linour or linear-lanceolate, moro or loii« approximate, deeply {linnntirtd; pinnuloii oblong, unuully Hat; velna siinph) (not forked) ; lori nover contluont ; «tipu ihort, rachii, &o. downy, pinnulon m()ro or less diitinctly ciliate. Lattrca Noticboracentit, Vrv\ ; Pohifuulinm Novtboracen*e, Linn., Schk. Atpidintn th>hjpteroide$, Hwiirtz. Anpidium yiwtbo,-acen.ie, Willd,, A. Oray, Kuton— I'ittuburg n.wir KinnKton; Lakefield. North Douro, Mrs Traill; M.)untuin Me, JIuniilton, J»di?o Logie ; Froicott, common. H. llUingrt, jr.; Mount Johnion, Montreal, and Ueloeil, P. W. Maolagun, M.D. ; Uai-inay, lU'v. J. K. M'Morine, M.A.; near Chclw-n. I). M'Ciillivray, i>!.lJ. ; Lon- don, but not common, VV. Saunders ; L'Orignal, J. Ikll. Th»» fern belonK* -ixclugivoly to the American Continent. It iocnis to bo more abundant and moro distinct in tho United States than with uh. In Flora liotrali-Amencanu, Sir William Hooker observed-—" Tho Aifpi- diurn Novehotuicense is quite identical with A. Thelifpteris." In tlie recently published volume of Spiciea Fillciwi (which at present 1 can only (piotc at so-ond hand), doubts are still expressed as to its being a species really distinct from f.. Thdyptrrit. Mr Kttt«)n and other Ame- rican pteridologists think it quite distinct. Its most obvious characters
are ( 1 .) The tapering form of the lower part of tl. .""rond (although theve
is also a form of /.. Thel>iptiri» having this iKsculiarity ; (2.) sori few, mostly near the base of tiio pinnules, and not confluent, not overlapped by a recurved margin; (3.) veins of tho pinnules simple, not forked. The outline of tho frond must not be depended upon, as the Scotch and Irish /.. ThchjpterU is narrowed at tho base like L. Nov-Eboracenain. This species is allied to L. montana, Moore [OnopUrU, Bory).
POLTSTICUOM.
P. angulare, (3. llraunii. — Frond soft, herbaceous, lanceolate, bipin- nate ; pinnules stalked, serrate ; the smtiU toeth tipped by soft bristles ; stipe and rachis scaly throughout. In the Canadian plant the scales of tho rachis are larger than in the typical P. anytdare of England, from which it may be specifically distinct. AspidUun Braunii, SiKjnner. A}>p{dmm nculeatum var. Braunii, A. Gray, Man. Bot., p. 599, A. acidcaturn, ?rovancher ; Harrington, Cap Bon Ami and Dartmouth, N. fork, (Jaspo, John Boll, B.A. ; base of Silver Mountain, W. S. M. D'Urban.
I*. /.Anehilit, Uoth — - l-'rond rii(t<l otiil •htnin((, lini^ar-lariN'olatu, Hiii pi/ i>lnnat« ; j>innw «i'_v'll!0»ha|.t'«l, auri ' ' !' ftf^tii-hntn
f.iftn'f'ltit, l{«tth, .^toora, J. Hiu,, Ac. / _ < un, I. inn.
Atpidinm f.imehilii, Swartf, Hchk, — filiiiiNtono Mckn, Owuli Woiuul, C\V, IR.-1>. U.,v. P.- r \ViUi,uii irii..k<i, V.\..H. VrntUMT Hinck* ha« kiii«lljr Airm >' with «|Hiciiu()iiN from tUv uliovt; |(K;iiiil/.
Wood*, •outhflrri •horo of Laku 8ujv»r»or and north wvatwur*!, Proi'imMir A«tt nray, in Nfan, Hot, N.S. ; Hritl«h Anu'rifu. I'r.tff jior VVmnU in C'lm«-U»M>k. It will III! oh«.'f.\.l thaf I'ruf'osiior Iliri'-kit'i iitation U th« only duHnito C'unttiiian on« with whlrh wo arn tt«(|imiiitml. Mr T. Drum- niuml found thin turn on the Uucky Muttntalns ntnny ynart ago
/'. acroitifhititli<», Schott. — Krond ))aU) j^rcon, ihinin^, Iomk und nar- row, linear- litiipitolato, Kitnidy tiiniiuto ; pintiiv lon^ and nacrow, linour' ianu(M)lato. shortly atalkud, aiiricdod anturiorly at thu batu, nioro or !«)•• dixUnftly gorruto, with huir ti|>|M 1 to«th ; fi>rti!« (iip|M ri |iinnii' sU.-^htly «'ontrtt«;ti'd, covoicd iM-ncuth l»y tho largo conflu.nt gori ; ttiiiu profuiidy chatfy, with palo •cultm. Pufi/ntlchnm tteroitichoidc$, Sohott, J. 8m. A$iu<liinn oct'ontli'IioiitiA Swurti. A. (hay, Knton. Ai>i>id. auncutn.' til in, Schk, Niphrixlliim ncroitlchi>idi», Michx, — Abundant in tho wo«w!« a fi!W milea went from Kinjf»t'm ; uUo not roro in tho woods of tho Midland District of (Jumida mnurully ; Uppor Hidoaii Lako ; woodn around Toron' >, Uoy. Dr Uu relay ; Stanfold, M. L'Abbu l'r<»v anchor ; I/OriKTittl, J IKdl ; London, W. Saundtrs : Hulphur Spring. Hamilton, Judge Logie ; Fr<iicott, common, H, Dillingn. jr. ; Nicolot und St N'alcn- tiiio, CM-:., and Chippawo. C.W, P. VV. Maclagan. Ml).; iJtllovillo, very common ui nxky woods, n» in Hop (iardcn, J. Maroun ; UaniHiiy, Uev. J, K. MMorino, M.A.; hill.«t and woods, portugo to IJurk Lake, VV. S. M, D'lTrban ; Gilmour'a Farm, I'lu-Uoa. I). M'Oillivra;-, M I). ;' Osnabruck and Prosoott Junction, Itev. M. M. Epstoin, This spuuie* is exclusively American.
[i3. incinum ; pinn.i' strongly serrnto or incised into lobun. Agpi- diiim Schweintt:U, Ucck. This form, which I havo from Hchooley'a Moitntains, &c. (A. O. Urodie), will no doubt bo found ia Canada. ]
CV8T0I'TFI118.
C. frmjUig, Bemhardi — Frondn dtdicate, green, luiiceolato in outline, glabrous, bipinnate ; piniitc and pinnolcH ovate-Iancecdato or oblong ; tho latter obtu.«e incisely toothed, thin mid veiny; h«ri largo; stipe dark puri»lo at the base. Ci/gtofitcrif ;> •.; 'u , !!. rnhardi, iiook., Bab., Moor*-. Newm., A. Gray. Polijuoilmvi imyile, Linn. Cifg^yptdrts oricntalin, Desvaux. Poli/pod. vindulum, Dcsv. Atfiynum fraijilc, Sadler. Cijathea fnujiliif, 8in. C. cyiuipifolia and C ant/inaclfolin, Roth, CijAtcn fraijllh, Sm. '^ijch^iiUriH fratjtlig, S. F. Gray. — kocky woods and clillg about Kingstcm, in various places, but not abundant ; Far- mersvillc ; Mountain si.lc. Ilaniilton, on moist rocks. Judge Logie ; rocks by the bay shore, L'An.su au Oousin, and Dartmouth Iviver, Gasp''. J<d)n Bell, B.A. ; Mirwiu's woods, Prescott, common, B. Billings, jr.; Montreal and J hios'h Falls, P. W. Maclagan, M.D. ; rocky banks of the Molia, nillier rare, J. Macoiiii ; Kamsay, Ivuv. J. K, M'Morine, iSI.A. ; eamp at base of Silver Mount, on rocks, also River Rouge, abundant. Do yalaberry, west line, and at Black Lead Falls, W. S. M. DTrban ; t^t Joa.l.im, ]M. L'Abb6 Provutichfr; (ireriviUt, C E., John Bell^B.A. *,
Siiuriftnln (<f CnnmHnn bWitn nnrf Fi'h'rnlif Plnn'n 59
r W. .sauinl«!r«. ill l>r liook.r* vuliiu' ' ' <
ti.. . . a this ,>lniit !■ ilKlictttuii a« a i'iimui nil «; . i
thu l^tttod Htatef, whkii I praautne ntiw from • mUprint, m kh« fl|>i< tc* ii ntit ii'> \or;hi>rn Stittf«, Binl •"xttjiuU iimth to th« Muiin-
tariu ol ( ..I'M,.. 1 1 <l)-lirnti> C. t. unit \» liio form ktumn in lli« ioitth, but Ui Caiiftiltt wo hu.' fir stout tjiicul !•; »ri»|*<inri fonn of ('. ffagilU.
Siimjuttiiln. — Piiuiulfs incneil, witli loii|;i«li and oprvadingtuDth, Cff't. ftitij. viir. eijnipifidiit, J. L«'»o,— (Jm|w .lohn Hi-ll, HA H|KHMtnpnii rtit'oruhlo to tlii* form were Uktiwiae g»tli(trit<l at I^akti of Thrwe Monn tttin* by Mr DUrhan. Mr Hell's apticiniciii a(jrmt jierfi'etl/ with Ei dpt'oiiiM'tiii from I)r Joliti I. owe {(\ f. ajnopifntin). Italic (H^imuiu from I'roftiiior Carui-l of I'ina, labetind " (';i*t. fnujilit," bfiioij|f to thi« variety, Mr IU»U has a fwrtllo frond from (iMp6 with very broad vwiny |iinnn*, docply ini'liittl, tint nut pinnatu.
O. hitthif til, Hi-riilmrdl.— Frond thin, y;roon, lnie«-'it« or linear lanct'olute, bipinnati , biilbiftiroun towunl* tho 8|h'x on ♦ "i untlor m-r fato; pinniK obhmj,? lan«w)lttto, narrtHvc-d at thotip«; pinniiii* (' obtuiio. inci<t«dy toolii-'d; »orl •mall, not v«ry numorouB ; Indiwiiiiix -,,.,n. Very varialdo in tlio iiixo and torm ot tlio frond. O. bulhifen* V?«»rn- hanli, A. Gray, J. Hm. AnpUlium Imlbl/^ntm, Swartj, Schk,. AKp'Uiim nfiniKiriiim, Muhl. — Moi«* •wampy wood* about Kii)«>* >n, aa CoUinn'a Hay, Kingston M.'ila, f^^:. '. abtiniliuit on Judgo Mullm'h'a farra, u mil« weat from HrockvK.e ; I'utit Portagi. ike, Oaapc, John Holl. HA.; Wolff I-iliit'd, A, T. Druininond, H.A. ; Mirwin'a w<ioda, I'roHcott, (Mminon, H. Hillinjji, jr. (ahort form) ; Hidotdl .Mountain, 1*. W. Mttdaj,'ai., .M.l). ; r^>v\y banka of tlio Mcira, Hullevillo, ond in cedar awiiinjw anil wt"t wooda, "ery cinmon, J. Mioun; Uanisiay, Uov. J, K. .M'Morint', M.A. ; Mountain aido, Iln.nilton, common, J-uIko Logio ; HliK'k I<«'iiil FallH, on limeatono nx-k, W. S. M. I)' Urban ; Tied du i;ap Tourmento, M. L'.-bb6 Provancher ; (irenville, C. E., J. Hell ; London, VV. Suundora. Thcro are two distinct forinH or variotioa of thia B',»e<;ie».
a. /iin'i:()Ht(t/iH.~ Front' trianfijulur-lunfoolttte, l)nittd ut buso, not more than three or four timea longer tliun broad ; pinnao horizontal. Niagara FuIIh, within tlie snray, CdlUns'a Hay. Sic.
j3.jUtinlli/i>nniti. — Frond linear, attenuated upwarda, very long and narrow, six or aoven timea longer than broad; pinniu let a horizontal. Frank ville, Montreal, Oaapt', &c.
Dennst.f.dtia.
/>. jmncHhhvla, Moore. — Frond broadly lanceolate, pale green, thin, with a stout rarhis, bipinnate ; tho pinrules pinnatifid ; sori minute, usually one on the anterior basal tooth of each lobe of tlio pinnule, wliich ia rellexed over tho sorus ; tho proper indusiura is pale, cup-shaped, oponing at top. llhi/onie s'.jnder, creeping through ac soil ; whole plant glamlular-dovvny. iJennvtcrdtUt (Herahardl, 1800) puuctilobula, Mooro, Index Filicum, p. xcvii. Dichtonla jmnctilofnt 'it, Hooker, A. Gray, J. Sm. I). 2>ll»dmcnl<t^ VVilld., Hook. Fl. Hor. >'ner. Nf'phri>ili>(mpHnctUibnlittn, Michx. A Hpidltim jmnc tilnlulum, i:^waTtz. Pahinio,f Prosl /)iV/.-«rtnia pnbc*cen8, Schkv. Sitolobiuni pilu«'m«culum. Desv., J. Sm. Gen. Fil. PittHbiirg iioar Kingston, lolin Bell, H.A, ;
\l
ivor
Ro
W. S. M. DUiban; Montreal, P. W. Maclagan, M.D. ; Prescott, on Dr Jessup's moist pasture land, B. Billings, jr. ; New
ng*^'.
24 Suiiop(ii8 of Canadian Ferns and FUicoid PhintH.
rininawicTf, R. N. Kendal, in TToolt. Fl. Hor, Amer. ; Riunsay, Ilov. .J. K. M'Morine. Mr FOuton has niontionetl to mo that the drying fronds have the odour of now hay.
WOODSIA.
W. Thrnm, R. Rr. — Frond lanceolate, usually 4 or 5 inches long, bipinnato, or nearly so, pinna; ajiproximato, pinnules oblong, obtuse, stipe (red), rachis, and wiu^lo lower surface of the frond clothed with chatfy scales, which are rusty at maturity. Sori usually cimfluent around the margins of the pinnules. First observed in the Isle of Klba (Ilva), hence named, after Dulechamp, AcroHichitm Ilumgr, by Linnaus, whose Phomix was very wroth thereat ; see English Flora, vol. iv. p. .'323. WotuUla Ili',mix, R. Rr., Hook,, Moore, J. Sm., (iiray, &c. JSipht'odiitm lanosum, Michx. — Abundant on the ridge of Laurentian rocks at Kingston Mills; Rocks west from Rrockvillo and at Chelsea, R. Hillings, jr. ; Mount Johnson and Relocil Mountain, P. W. Maclagan, M.D. ; mountain gneiss rocks, opposite Rouge River, W. S. M. D'Urban. I have likewise sjioclinens from the Hudson's Ray territories (Governor M'Tavish). but without special locality. On rocks, Canada, Pursh ; Canada to Hudson's Ray, Hook. Fl. R. A, ; Pied du cap Tourmcnte, u] L'Abbo Provancher. I think our plant must be much larger and more scaly than the European one. A tuft which I have from Catskill Moun- tains (A. O. Rrodie) has richly fruited fronds a foot long and 2 inches wide. (I find that large American forms of this species have been mis- taken for W. obtusa. The involucre, which is large and not split into hairs in the latter Ri)ecies. serves readily to distinguish it.) Much of the llvonsis in cultivation in Europe is probably the American form.
(3. (jracilis. — Frond more sler.der, more hairy and less scaly than the type ; pinna> rather distant, deeply pinnatifid, or partially pinnate. Dartmouth iiiver, Caspe, John Rell. B.A . In technical cliaracters, tliis form agrees better with TV. alpina [hijpcrhorea), but it has quite a dif- ferent aspect.
W. alpina, S. F. Gray. — Frond small (from 1 to 2 or 3 inches long), broadly linear, pinnate, soniowliat hairy without distinct scales ; pinnse ovate, somewhat triangular, obtuse, pinnatifidly divided into roundish lobes. Woodsia alpina, S. F. Gray, Rrit. PI., Moore. Woodsia hyper- horea, R. Rr. in Linn. Trans., vol. xi. ; Pursh. Fl. Am. Sept. ii, p. CGU. — In the clefts of rocks, Canada, Pursii ; Canada to the Saskatchewan, Hooker. Noticed in Dr Hooker's Table of Arctic Plants as a Canadian species that does not extend into the American States.
W. (jlahclla, R. ]]r.~ Frond a few (2-4) inches lon^, linear, bright- green and glabrous on both sides, simply pinnate ; the pinm- short, rounded or rhombic, cut into rounded or wedged lobes. Stipe with u few scales at the base only. Woud>i!a glabella, R. Rr., Hook Fl. Roreali Americana, tab. 237; Gray. Canada, Professor 'Woods in CI. Rk. Sir W. Hooker, in the Fl. R. Amer., gave Great Rear Lake as the only stati.jn then known for W. (jlabella. Mr D. C. Eaton has kindly furnished me with enecimens from Willoughby Lake, Vermont (Goodale leg.), and Professor Gray notices its occurrence on rocks at Little Falls, New York (Vasey), and " high northward."
(3. Belli.— Frvnd larger (G 7 inches long) ; pinna more elongated,
S>ynop8i8 of Canadian Ferns and Filicoid Plants. 25
pinnatifidly incised into rounded lobes (hrifiht green, glabrous). Oa8p6, on the Dartmouth River, twenty miles from ita mouth, John Hell, IJ.A.
W. obtusa, Torrey.-- Frond nearly a foot long, linear-lanceolute, glandulost;, bipinriuto; pinnules slightly decurrent, oblong, obtuse, crenate, or somewhat pinnutifid ; induoium largo, enveloping the sorus, torn into a few marginal lobes ; stipe with few tcattercd, pale, chafl'y scales. Woodsta obtusa, Torrey, A. Gray, J. Sm. Aspidium ohtusum, Willd. Phijacmatium (btimim, Hoot Fl. Wot. Am. Woodsla Perrinlana, Hook, and Grcv, Ic. Fil. Volypodium ohtusum, Swartz. — An impres- sion prevails that this plant, which is said to be common in the Northern States, especially towards the west, grows also in Canada. Mr D. C. Eaton, in the kindest mannor, cut out of his own herbarium a specimen for me, froi" near High Bridge, New York city, in an excellent state for examination, which has enabled me to understand the species and to ascertain that we liave as yet no satisfactory evidence of its occurrence in Canada. Large forms of W. Iluengis liave in some cases passed for it. (I introduce this notice of the plant with a view to promote farther inquiry.) • '
Osmund A.
0. renalh /?. speciabtV/s.— Fronds erect, pale-green, glabrous, bi- pinnate \ pinnulep oblong-lanceolato, oblique, shortly stalked, very slightly dilated at the base, nearly entire ; fertile pinnules forming a racemose panicle at the summit of the frond. Osmunda spectahilis, Willd., J. Smith. Farmersville ; Hardwood Creek, Hinchinbrook, and other places in rear of Kingston, usually in thickety swamps, by corduroy roads, Sac, Millgrove Marsh, Hamilton, Judge Logie ; Ramsay, Rev. J. K. M'Moriiie, M.A. ; woods near the Hop Garden, Belleville, not common, J. Macoun : Prescott, common, B. Billings, jr. ; around INIetis Lake, Slc.; opposite Gros Cap ; also Sousou-wa-ga-mi Creek and Schib- wah River, R. Bell. jr. ; near Montreal, Rev. E. M. Epstein and W. S. M. D'Urban ; mountain, Bonne Bay, Newfoundland, on rocks 1000 feet above the sea, James Richardson (a small form) ; Wolland, J. A. Kemp, M.D. ; Osnabruck and Proscott Junction, Rev. E M. Epstein ; Nicolut, Wolfe Island and Navy Island, P. W. ]\Iaclagan, M.D. ; liake 8t Charles. M. L'Abbc Provancher ; Caledonia Springs and I'Orignal, J. Bell ; Portland, Thos. R. Du])uis, M.D. ; Bedford ; London, W. Saunders. The fronds of our plant are a little more drawn out than those of the European one ; the pinnules are often distinctly stalked, and the overlapping auricles either altogether absent or only slightly developed. This is 0. spectahilis, Willd. ; O. reijalis, /3. Linn. Sji. PI. Some botanists distinguish two American forms, one agreeing with the typical rc(jalis of Europe ; but it is difHcult to do so. The typical 0. rcgalis is a larger, more robust, and more leafy plant, with mors widely spread- ing or divergent pinnnc, and more leafy auricled sessile pinnules, more or less pinnatifid at the base ; in our Canadian plant they are quite entire. The divisions of the fertile portion of the pinnae are also more widely divergent in a regalis. The frond, moreover, is of a darker colour.
0. cinnamomca, Linn. — Sterile and fertile fronds distinct, the former ample, broadly lanceolate, pinnate; the pinna) rather deeply pinnatifid ; lobes regular, entire ; fertile frond contracted, erect, in the centre of the tuft of sterile fronds, and not at all foliaceous. Sporangia ferruginous.
26 Si/nopsis of Canadian Ferns and Filicoid Plants,
Fertile frond dooaying early in the am mer. OAmnnda dnnamomea, Linn., Gray, J. Sm. O. Vlcijtomana, Conrad, not of Linn. — Fairfield farm juid elscwiicro about Kitiffston, not uncoiinnon ; Mill^rovo Matfh, Hamilton,. I nd^r,. Lojjio ; Sandwicli and Mi.-'itreal, P. W. Muclasan, M.D.; op|H)sitL« Gros Cap; also Two Heart River, Lake .Superior, I'. iJell, jr., C.E. ; Belleville, swamps and low grounds, common, J. Macoiin ; llamsay, liev. J. K. -M'Morine, Mi.; St Joy Woods, on the river shore, near Gatineau Mills, J). M'Gillivray, M.D. ; Newfoundland, JNIiss Brentor, in nook. Fl. Bor. Am. ; Prescott, common, B. Billings, jr. ; Nicolet, M. L'Abbe Provuneher ; L'Orignal, J. Bell ; near London, W. Saunders.
O. Clai/t^,Hiana, L\nn. — Frond narrowly lanceolate, piimat«> ; pinnro lanceolate, about three pairs of pinna) near or below the middle of the frond contracted and fertile ; sporangia brown, with green spores. Tiiis sitecies, when fresh, has a strong odour, resendjling that of rhubarb (Pie- plant) stalks. O. Clo;/toniana, Linn., Gray, J. Sm. O. intcn-upta, Michaux — Between Kingston and Kingston Mills, in wet swampy places by the roadsi.le ; Little Cataraqui Creek ; Waterloo ; banks of the Humber, near Toronto; Princes Island, Hamilton, Judge Logie; Ramsay, Rev. J. K. M'Morine, M.A. ; Ke-we-naw Point, in wet soil, R. Bell, jr.; Bt-lleville, low rich grounds, not rare, J. Macoun; Pres- cott, common, B. Billings, jr. ; Round Lake, W. S. i\I. D'Urban ; Lake Settlement, and on the river shore near Gatineau Mills, D. M'Gillivray, ]\..D.; Xewlbundland, .Miss Brenton, in Hook, Fl. B^r. \m. ; Osnabruck and Prescott Junction, Rev. Dr Epstein : on Judge Malloch's farm and elsewhere about Brock ville ; Dartmouth River, GaspJ, John Bell, B.A.; St Ferreol, M L'Abbe Provancher. Abundant on uncleared land along the Bedford Road, where the dried fronds are used by the farmers as winter fodder for sheep. Augmentation of Grenville, C. E., J. Bell B.A. ; near Komoka, C.W., W. Saunders. This fern is common also' m the .Northern States. I have a lax form, with long stipes and remark- ably short somewliat triangular piuna3, from Scuooley's Mountains.
SciIIZ.KA.
[S. pusilla, Pursh.— Newfoundland, De la Pylaie. I have no further information re^jecting its occurrence in British America. Professor A. Gray indicates its distribution in the United States thus :— " Low grounds, pine barrens of New Jersey, rare," which is not at all favour- able to its being found in Newfoundland or Canada. Mr Eaton has sent me beautiful specimens from sandy swamps in Ocean County, New Jersey.]
Nat. Ord. OPHIOGLOSSACE^E.
BoTRYCHUM.
B. virginicum, Swartz.— Barren bra.ich sessile, attached above the middle of the main stem, thin, delicat:, veiny, tripinnate, lobes of the pinnules deeply incised ; fertile branch bi- or slightly tripinnate. Very variable in size, usually a foot or more in height, but sometimes only a tew inches. liotr>jclnnm vhylnmim, Swartz, A. Gray, J. Sm. li. vuyoiianum, Schk. Osmundcc virtjlnica, Linn. Sp. PI. Jhtn/pus vir- ijmicus, Michx.— Not uncommon in the woods about Kingston and the surrounding country, as near Odessa, ir Hinchinbruok, &c.; Delta; ioroiitu; Sulphur Spring, llaiuilton. Judge Logic ; Prescott, in woods^ common, B. Billings, jr. ; Nicolet, Montreal, Wolfe Island and Chippawa,
l9
if
Synopsis of Canadian Ferns and FiUcoid Plants. 27
P, W. Maclagan, M.D. ; Bollovlllo, rich woods, very coinm- , J. Macoun ; Ramsay, Rev. J. K. M'Morino, M.A. ; River Marcouin, St Lawrence (jiiilf, also opposite Grand Island, Lake SujHjrior, R. Ikll, jr., C.E. ; Mctrsoni, Riviere Rouge, and Do Saluborry, west line, W, S. M. D'Urban ; Montreal, Osnnbnick, und Prescott Junction, Rev. E. M, Epstein ; Hill Portage above Oxford House, (Jovornor M'Tavish ; Newfoundland, Miss Rrenton, in Fl. Hor. Am. ; Lake Huron to Saskatchewan, Hook. Fl. Bor, Am.; Oaspe, Jolin Rell, U.A. ; Stanfold, M. L'Abbc Provancher; Oren- villo, C. E., J. Hell ; London, \V. Saunders.
/S. gracile. — Very small (5 or 6 inches high), fertile branch less divided. II. (jracile, Pursh. Hill Portage, above Oxford House, Go- vernor M'Tavish.
y. simplex. — Barren branch oblong, pinnatifid, the lobes ovate, incised, veiny. li. simplex, Hitclicock. Grenville, C.E., John Bell, B.A.
li. lanariovhs, Swartz. — Barren branch long-stalked, arising from near the base of the main stem, thick and leathery, bipinnate, the pinnules slightly crenate ; fertile branch bipinnate. Root of long thick tuber-like tibres. Botiycldum, lanarioidcSi Swartz, Gray. B. fuma- rioides, W'illd., Provancher. Uotnjpus luiianoidcs, Michx. — Gananoque Lake, May 18G1 ; Plains near Castleton, and woods near the Hop Garden, Btdlevillo, rare, J. IMacoun ; Three Rivers, C.E., P. W. ]\Iaclagan, M.D. ; Waste places west from Prescott Junction, rare, B. Billings, jr. ; St Joachim, Provancher ; L'Ongnal, J. Bell ; English's Woods, W. Saunders ; in the Northern States this species grows in dry rich woods, " mostly southward," according to Professor Gray's Manual.
B. obli<inum (Muhl.), appears to b3 chiefly distinguished by its larger size, more compound fertile frond, and the narrower oblique divisions of the barren one. J>. obliqnum (Muhl.), Pursh. Fl. Amer. Sept., vol. ii. p. G56. Newfoundland, Dr Morrison in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ; " Wes- leyan Cemetery, London," W. Saunders.
/>. Lunaria, Swartz. — Barren branch sessile, arising from the middle of the stem, thick and lenthery, oblong, pinnate ; pinnif lunate or lan- ahaped, slightly incised ou the rounded margin. Botnjch'mm Luna- ria. Swartz, Schk., Hook., jNIoore, J. Sni. Osmunda Lunaria, Linn. — Nipigon, lSr)3, Governor ^I'Tavish ; N.E. America, Dr Hooker's tab. ; Newfoundland, Saskatchewan, and Rocky Mountains to Behring's Bay in N. W. Am., T. Moore, Hbk. Brit. Ferns.
OrnioGLOSsuM. [O. vulgatum, L., which is widely distributed throughout Europe and Northern Asia, and grows also in the Nortliern United States, although there '" not common," is to be looked for in Canada. In one of its forms (O. reticulatum, Linn.), it extends to the West Indies.]
Nat. Ord. LYCOPODIACE.E.* Plananthus.
p. Selago, Pallisot-Beauvois. — Stem dichotomously branched, erect,
* In this order the arrangement of A. M. F. J. rallisot-Beauvois is adopted, ns it seems to afford the bo.st basis for a readjustment of tlie genera of Li/co- podiareo', wliich is nnich required. For P.-B,'s t^eiuia Lppitluti.i, I Jiavti thought it hitter to substitute the name Li/copodium, an old name that should not be discarded.
28 St/nopsifi of Canadian Ferns and Filiroid, IHonls.
fastigiate ; loaves in about 8 rows, inoro or loss convcrji;ont or spreadinisf, lanceolate, acuminate, entire;; sporanj^ia in llie axils of the common loaves (not in spikes). Lycopodium Siiogo, Linn., E. H., IJif^dow, Heck, Hook, and Orev., Torrey Fl. N. Y. ii. p. '>0t<, Gray. — Labrador, Hudson's Hay to Kocky Mountains, Ilook. Fl. H. A. ; ehoro of Lake Superior and northward, Professor A. Gray, Man. Hot., N. S., p. 003. I have not seen Canadian specimens of this plant. The stations known show that it encircles Canada, and some uf them are probably within our limits. Principal Dawson obtained the alpino variety on the White Mountains, Herb. Hot. Soc. Canada. It is a rare plant in the United States. There are two forms of this species (both of which are figured by Dillenius). a. nylvaticux, loaves convergent, olmost apprcsscd. /3, alpinns, leaves widely- spreai ling, stems shorter.
P. lucidulus. Stem dichotomously divided into long erect branches ; leaves bright green, iu about 8 rows, reflo.xed, linear-lanceolate, acute, denticulate; sjwrangia in the axils of the common leaves (not in spikes). Lijcopodium Incidnlnm^ Mic "ux, Pursh, Bigelow, Torr. Fl. N. Y, ii. p. 5UF, Gray, Beck, Darlington, Hook, and Grev. Bot. Mis, L. reflexutn, Schk. Lycopodlum unhet'cctiim of Lowe, a Madeira plant. Selago amcricana, foliis dintlculittiK njlexis, Dill. Hist. Mus. t. Ivi. — Gananoque Lakes, CoUins's Bay, Newboro onthe-Rideau, woods in vear of Kintrston, &c. ; i'rescott, common, B. Billings, jr.; Nicolet, C.E., St Catherine's and Grantham, P. W. Maclagan, M.D. ; Belleville, in swamps and cold woods, rather common, J. Macoun ; River Rlsiigouche, St Lawrence Gulf, R. Bell, jr., C.K. ; L'Orignal, J. Bell, B.A. ; London, W. Saunders; Ramsay, Rev. J. K. M'Morine, MA. This species is stated by Professo Torrey to be rather common in New York State. " Frequently bears ulbs instead of cajjsiiles," Pursh.
[P. alopccuroid, . P. Beauv. — The habitat " Canada" is> given for Lycopoiliuni alopeawoidcs, Linn., in the " Species Phintarum," ed. 3, vol. ii. p. 1565 ; but it is probably not a Canadian plant,]
P. inundatus, P. Beauv. — Stems prostrate, adherent to the soil, the fertile ones erect; leaves secund, yellowish green, )ance-awl-shapod, acute ; sporangia in distinct, terminal, leafy, sessile, solitary spikes. Lycopodlum inundatitni, Linn., E.B., >Hchaux, Pursh, Beck, Tucker- man, Torr. Fl. N. Y. ii. p. 508, Gray. Plananthus inundatun, Beauv. /.. (itopecvroid-s, Linn., in part? — In cedar swamps and over- flowed woods, Canada, Pursh. Professor Torrey notices its occurrence in the north-western part of the State of New York. Professor Gray observes, tliat the leaves are narrower in the American than in the European plant, and suggests that it may be a distinct species. 1 have not yet seen Canadian specimeus.
1
'm.
LycoponitTM.
L. clavatum, Linn. — Stems robu-i, and very long, prostrate, rooting, forked, with short ascending branches ; leaves pale, incurved, linear- awl-shapf)d, tipped with a white hair ])oint ; sporangia in scaly catkins, which are usually in pairs on common peduncles. Lycopodlum clavatum, Linn., E. B., Michaux, Pursh, Bigelow Heck, Darlington, Si)rinji:,irook., Torrey, Gray. L. tristacliyuin, Pursh ? L. integrlfulium, Hook. L. an^tatum, Humboldt. — Occasionally found in the woods ii. rear ol'
^mwm&
t
Synopmfi of Cnnndim Frrns and FiJi'roid Phints. 20
Kingstoti, but not common ; Nowfoundliuul Hook. Fl. Hor. Am. ; bttween Thessalou and Minwisauf^i Rivers, Lake Huron, R. Roll, jr.; Prt'scott, common. B. RiUings, jr. ; Three Rivers, Teniiscouata, and WoUe Island, P. W. :SIacla}>;an, M.D. ; Siiymour, in pine woods, rare, J. Macoun; Ramsay, Rev. J. K. M'Morine, iVI.A. ; River Ristigouche, St Lawrence Gulf, R. Bell, jr. ; London, W. Saunders, C.E. ; L'Orignal . .i<! . -Anso au Cousin, Ga^\^(\ J. Bell ; Belmont. The spores, chiefly of ,.i', "cics, constitute puluU lycopodii, which is used by apothecaries, and was at' one time employed for making artificial lightning in tho
theatres.
/>. annotinvm, Michaux.— Stems very long, prostrate, creepmg, forked, with ascending brunches; leaves bright green, spreading or slightly detlexed, in about five rows, linear-lanceolate, mucmnate, serrulate ; sporangia in scaly catkins, wliich are sessile, solitary, oblong-cylindrical, thick. Lyropodiiim annotinvm, Michaux, E. B., Pursh, Bock. Tucker- man, Torrey, Fl. New York State, ii. p. 509.— Pine forests in Hinchin- broo'k ; rocky woods in Pittsburg, on tho north bank of the St liawrcncc, near Kingston ; Gananoque Lakes ; L'AnfO au Cousin, Gasp.', John Bell, B.A. ; I'rescott. common, B. Billings, jr.; Riviere du Loup, Nicolet, Montreal, and Kingston, P. W. Maclagan, M.D. ; Belleville, in cool woods, common, J. Macoun; Ramsay, Rev. J. K. M'Morine, M.A. ; Priceville, C. L Cameron, B.A. ; Newfuumlland, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ; St Augustin and Cap Tourmente, >L L'Abbe Provancher. Frequent in New York State, according to Professor Torrey. Of this species there are two forms, only one of which, the normal one, or type, I have as yet observed in Canada. The var. (3 alpcstre, Hartm. Scan. Fl., having broader, shorter, paler, less spreading leaves, I have from the Dovrefieldt (T. Anderson, M.D.), Lochnagar (A. Croall), and entrance to Glen Fee, Clova, where I found it growing with the typicd form.
L. dendrouleum, Miohx.— Stems upright, bare below, bushy above (giving the plant a tree-like aspect), arising from a long creeping rhizome, leaves more or less appressed ; sporangia, in scaly catkins, which are sessile, cylindrical. Lycopodium dendroideum, ]\Iichx., Pursh, Bigo- low, Hook., Beck, Darlington. L. oUcumm, Linn,, Bigelow, Oakes. — White cedar woods near Bath, abundant, and throughout the woods generally in rear of Kingston ; Gananoque River ; Priceville, C. L Cameron, B.A. ; Prescott, common, B. Billings, jr. ; Nicolet, Mount Johnson, and Montreal, P. W. Maclagan, INLD.; Seymour and Cra- nmhe, in cold moist woods, J. Macoun ; River Ristigouche, Gulf of St Lawrence, R. Bell, jr. ; Ramsay, Rev. J. K. M'Morine, M.A. ; Now Brunswick, Hook, F. B. A ; Osnabruck and Prescott Junction, Rev. E. M. Epstein ; London, W. Saunders ; Harrington, L'Orignal, and Gaspe, John Bell, B.A. ; St Joachim, M. L'.ibbo Provancher.
L. complanatum, Linn. — Stems rhizome-like with ascending branches, which are dichotomousiy divided, flattened ; leaves short, in four rows, those of two rows imbricated, appressed, of the other two somewhat spreading; sporangia in scaly cylindrical catkins, in twos, threes, or fours, on a common peduncle. Lifcopodkim complanatiim,hmn., Gray, Blytt. L. chammcypanssias, Braun. L. sahiniefolium, Willd. — Not uncommon in the woods about Kingston, and in rear; Newboro-or the Rideau ; Gananoque River ; River Ristigouche, St Lawrence Gult", and St Joseph's Island opposite Campment D'Ours, Lake Huron, R. Bell,
80 Synopsis of Cnnadinn Fcrun and FtUcoid Plants*
Jr. ; Ramsay, Rev. J. K. M'Morino, M.A. ; pino j,'rovo iioaf V\m Chiirdi CV'inotcry and woodlands west from Hrockvillo, not conimon, H. Billing, jr.; Throe Rivera and Tomiscouata, O.K., P. W. MochiKan, M.I). ; sandy woods around Castlotcm, storilo Mils JBri^htcm und Murray, J. Macoun ; L'Orignal and L'Anso au ('oiisin, liuHpf, J. Hell, H.A. ; Trois Fistolos, M. L'Abbt' I'rovancher ; London, \V. SaundtTB. To this species is rofurrod /.. sahinofoliuin, Willd., A. c/inmocifparmiaii, A. Braun, with branches moro erect and fii.scicled. I'rofessor Asa Gray remarks : — The typical form of L. comjilunatum, with spreading, fan-- like branches, is abundant southern (in N. States), while northward it passes gradually into var. Hahinafolium." I have only one rather im- perfect specimen of the European f,. chainaci/parimaa, coWactoil at Bonn, on tho Rhine, by my friend Professor G. S Black io, which does not differ in tho branching from ordinary Canadian forms of L. complana- tum. It appears to bo quite a common species in tho States, for I have it from a great many places.
Selaginella.
8. spi^ulosa, A. Braun. — Small, prostrate, leaves lanceolate, acute, spreading, spinosely toothed ; fertile l)ranch stouter, ascending spike sessile. Sdaijinella spinnlosa, A. Braun, Blytt, Norges Fl. Lyco- podium seloginoidjit, Linn., Pursh Fl. Am, Sept. ed. ii. p. G54. Sdcujinella splnosa, Beau v. ScUujhidU. atdatjlnouli^, A. CJray, Man. Bot. N. States, p. 605. — Gaspe, John Bell, B.A. ; Canada, Michaux; Lake Superior and northward, pretty rare. Professor Asa Gray in i\Ian. Bot. ?^. States; Canada, Pursh, who observes: "Tho American plant is smaller than the European."
SlACJIva YNANDUCM .
8. nipestre, P. Beauv. — Much branched, leaves slightly spreading when moist, appressed when dry, carinate, hair-tipjted ; compact and moss-like, growing' on bare rocks. Sdaijinella rupestiig, Spring, A. Gray, Eaton. l.ijcopodinm rupcstre, Linn., Pur&h Fl. Am. Sept., ed. ii. p. 0")4. — On the perpendicular faces of Laure itian rocks, along the north bank of the St Lawrence, in i'ittsburg, and on tho Thousand Islands at Brockville, &c. ; Loiigpoint on the Gananoque River ; near Farmersville, C. W., T. F. '^'haniberlain, M.D. ; rocks in pine groves two miles west from Prescott, near the river, and on rocks west from Brock- ville, not common, B. Billings, jr. ; Ramsay, Rev. J. K. M'Morine, M.A. ; Beloeil and Mount Johnson, C.E., P. W. Maclagan, M.D.
DlPLOSTACHYUM.
D. apodum, P. Beauv. — Stems creeping, branched ; leaves pale vivid green, of two kinds, — the larger spreading horizontally, ovate-oblique, the smaller appressed, acuminate, stipule-like. Forms comjjact tufts. Lycopodium apodum, Linn., Pursh. Fl, Am. Sept. ed. 2, ii. p. 0.54. Selacjindla apm, Gray, Eaton. — Abundant on low wet ground east of Front, Street. Belleville, below the hill, where it was pointed out to nie by Mr J. Macoun, July 1863. In September 1863, I found it sparingly but fertile, on grassy Hats by the river side at Odessa. Near London,
"
%
1 1
I
Si/nnpat8 of Cnnndian Fcrnfi ami FlUcoid Plnufs. Rl
W. SaimdoM ; Detroit Rivor, C. W., P. W. MaolaRan, M.I). Appa- rently not coiniuon in tho United Ktutcs. I havo it from Scliooiey'» Mountains. 'J'his in a very uniall, compactly -growinf? moBs-liko 8j)ccio8, wi'll adapted for cultivation under a plasa iihade. It was a p^eat favourite with tlie late Dr Patrick Neill, in whoso stove, at CanonmillH, Kdin- burgh, I first Baw it many years ago.
Nat. Ord. MARSlLEACEiE.
AzuLtA.
A. Caroliniana, Willd. — Pinnately branched with cellular, imbricated leaves ; plant reddish, circular in outline, ^-1 inch in diameter ; leaves ovate obtuse, rounded and roughened on the back (Eaton). Resembles a floating moss or Jungermunnia (Torrey). (Jray, Man. Bot., t. 14. Floating on the waters of Lake Ontario, Pursh Fl. Am. 8upt., ed. 2 ii. p. G72. In the adjoining states, Professor Asa Gray notices it as oc- curring in pools and lakes, New York to Illinois and southward, and observes that it is probably the same as A, magellanica of all South America.
Salvinia.
[Sah'inia 7iatan« = Manilea natans, Linn. Sp. PI. " Floating like lemna on the surface of stognant waters, in several of the small lakes in the western parts of New York atid Canada." — Pursh Fl. Am. Sept. ed. 2, ii. p. G72. Professor Asa Gray states, that it has not been found by any one except Pursh, and he therefore omits it from his Manual of Hotany of tlie Northern States.]
IflOETES.
/. lacustris, L Reloeil, C. E., P. W. Maclagan, M.D. ; Saskat- chewan, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. This plant is spoken of by Pursh aa fT'-owing i:i the Oswego River, near the Falls; and Professor Gray and others allude to it as not rare in the New Englard States. It should be carefully looked for in the numerous lakes and creeks of Upper Canada. It grows in muddy bottoms, forming green meadows under water. Much interest is attached to the ;;enus Isoitea, since I'rofessor Babington has shown that instead of one there are many species, or at least distinct races or forms, in Britain. In the United States four are known : — /. lacH8tri8, Linn. ; /. riparia, Engelm. ; /. Kiujclmamil, Braun ; and /. flaccida, Shuttlew., the last a southern form. Professor Babington is certain of the existence of at least eight Euroi)ean species : — /. lacustns, L. ; /. cchinoqwm, Dur. ; /. teniiissima, Bor.; /. adspersa, A. Br.; I. setacea, Del. ; /. velata, Bory. ; /. Hystrir, Dur. ; and /. Dvn'ai ; Bory. As yet we know of only one Canadian species, which is here rendered, rather uncertainly, I. lacustris. The American spr'cics are described in Gray's Manual, the British ones in the new Journal of Hotany, London.
Nat. Ord. EQUISETACEyE. Equisetum. The Equiscta having boon described in a previous paper, it will be sufticient to give hero a mere list of the species, with some additional notes obtained since the former paper wus written.
82 ^^yiWfWH o/(Vnimfinn Frrtift ami Filicoid Tianls.
E. *ylvaticum, Linn. Nowfoutidlond and New UrunHwick Hook Fl Bor. Am.
E. itiflvntieum, /3. cnfiUare. Much J.riin.lio.l ; hran.hoi very long itraight, and oxceedingly Hlntidor (capillary). I'ariiuirsvillo.
E. umlyromm, Willd. Hehnont.
E. firvmifr, lAnn. West from London, \V. Saunders. Tho rhizome btmrM larpo «i.liorical piU-liko aodulea, which are. however, more con- «|>i(Mjou« in var. iS. grannlatum*
E. (trveme, (3. ffranulntinn.
E. 'IVlmataa, Ehrhart. Shores of Lake Ontario, Bock.
E. limomm, F/vt'«.— Tho f,Toat value of thld gpocies and of E. nrvenne as fodder plants, is oonflnned. On tho western prairies horics are laid to fict " rolling' fat" on Kquisetum in ten duya ; and experionccd travel- lers toll mo. that their horses always k<' faHter next day aft t resting at night on K<iuis!'tum pasture. The horses do not take to i* at first ; but ttftor having a bit of Mquisntum put (.ocasionally into their moutlis.'thoy soon acquiro a liking for it, and prefer it to all other herbage. Near Komoka, VV. Saunders.
E.hiiemnle, Linn. Lako iluron, Iloi.k. Fl. Bor. Am.; St Joochira, »\. L Abbo Provancher; London, W. S.
^ E. rohugtum, Uraun. Stems much thicker than in E. hyemale, tho ridges with one lino of lubercles ; sheaths shorter than broad, with a black baud at base, and a less distinct ono at tho margin; tooth abwut forty, three-keeled. E. r„bu»tnia, liraun, A. (iray. Grenadier Pond on the number River near Toronto, 3d Juno 18G2. It is difficult to decide whether this and other forms are really distinct from E.lnjemale; certainly tliat species varies in size, in roughness, and other chavacters! In rohvstum tho teeth are twice as many as in hycmale, but even this is perhaps not a . onstant character.
E. variefjatum, Weber and Mohr. ; St Joachim, M. L'Abbo Pro- vancher.
E. scirpoides, Michau.x.
E. acirpoidcs, /3. minor.
E.palustre, Linn.—" Canada, from Lake Huron, Dr Todd, Mr Cleg- horn, Mrs Peroval, to tho shores of tho Arctic Sea, Dr Richardson Orummond, Sir John Franklin, Captain Rack."— Hook. Fl. Ror. Amer* Professor A. (iray speaks of " the European E. paluxtre:' " attributed to thiQ^ country (the N. American States) by Pursh, probably incor- rectly. Dr Hooker indicates its existence, without doubt, in Arctic West America and Arctic East Americu,. The name of tho i)knt has occa- sionally appeared in Canadian lists, but I have as yet seen no Canadian specimen. It remains for Canadian or Hudson's Ray botanists to trace Its southern limit on the American Continent. In Europe and Asia it has no tendency to Arctic limitation.
fniNTKD ny NKII.L am. OoMi.aNV, Kl.lNHllH.n.
■^■.^-^:.r...... ■■.^X.^^:r
hinfm.
i!k Hook. Fl.
L5H very long
I.
rho rhizome r, inoru con-
f E. arvente *e» aro laid need travel - r resting at it first ; but iioutiis, tliey ago. Near
3t Joochini,
ifcmnle, the ottd, with a teetli a'm.ut ulior Pond, difficult to ^.hycmale; ' chavactcTs. oven this ia
Abbtj Pro-
1, Mr Cleg, lichardson, IJor. Anier. ' attributed ably incor- irctic West has occa- ) Canadian sts to trace md Asia it