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Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atra reproduit en un seul clich«, 11 est film* i partir da I'angle sup dont* ; if will 1m> »*'vu tliiit a considt'rablo |M)rtion of the plioHpliorio ui-id rfniniiiH iiniitili/.i-d : tlii'* it i* that rcii- i!i'rs the UM- of u rotation of crops imiiapenaable, to pro?ide for the judiciou* um^ o*° tlii« phosphoric acid, which the cultivation of tobacco oould not completely abaorb. Farm maniircit can only l)e obtained during the period of ban. feeding of cnttio, it is quitt( evident that the quantitiiM then gathen'd by u planter, who iMittivulr-i tobacco to a: ■MiwiJtiable extent, will often be imiufBcicnt, and he will be obligeil to biive n'nninw Bometimca to the use of commercial maiiurt* or fertilicera.' Roffretable errors have occurred in tlie use of the la.st mentioned, and it i« fo ovoid their recurrence that this bulletin hoii been eompihxl, its object i« to induce toliacco growers to diHcusa the matter in their iiKrieultunil -tocii'ties lK»fore piiicliit: tlieir orders, go that tliey may choose only manures auited to their crops. Below appears a practical plan for estimatinir the exiKcncies of tobacco '—b , y ' In nitrogen the exigencies ore three times greater than those of cereals^'pqual to ll'ose i>f jKitatooB au about equal to thoMc of of cereals. ' In iHitaxh which is reolly predominant in tobacco, it is equol to beets.' Lime in a fiilrly good proportion !« equally neee.9«*ary. but this olenvnt rarely t'iiila in the soil, and can be easily intrndutvd by means of other crops when tlie tobacco crop l)cci«nies oi«' in a suitable rotation. KSSKNTIAI, QI'AIJTIKS OP A CROP OF 9MOKIS0 TOBACCO. If partic\dar attention is given to smoking tobaccos, the cultivation of which I* more 'elieate. owing to the great numl»'r of qualities which tliey iniiil slightly; tlMrt« in liHrdly uiiytliiiiK but Huipliatn of uiniminiu that has u Moiutiwhat prououiiiwii iiiflueuoe, lliK iiiiiHfiilur tliiih fuiloun; tiiit) manure ix little usol in (!)auads. I'otUiMii! nianuKM havt> no iiiHutm-e U|ion the strcnKth of nicotine in tobacco. The causeti which BtTt-ct the stn-nKth of the pru fur iIh- ciiltiiru of tulnKTii with u fine tis«\i<', thnrf \-* room for caution. Potash generally acts in a fiivdiiralilr iiinnnttr, but other proiliiots, which scnuibl.N itirroaxc the wfiRlit, wht-n tlipy jiro fmployod in a sufficient quantity, act unfavourably iipiiti fho (|uulity. Amon^; thoa*' nitnitc "f Hodn tthouM be given special attention. It coiiHtitiilts 11 <'Oiiv<'ni)-nt and i-li<'u|i form f>>r giving nitrogen to the soil, but tli<> product obtained is rather heavy, witinnit fineness, ofttn with a loose tissue, and Honi," limes unsiitisfrtetorily dry, taking ii greenwh colour, ond becoming dark when fer- menting. Sulphuto of ammonia has somewhat the same olijectionable qualities, and one e{ uld say iis much of ail the artificial nitrogenous manures generally, their effect i>ein^ to prrxluee a quick result, during which the plant has sometime* hardly time to develop its cell tissue satisfactorily, especially developing the circulatory syst^-ni. In agricultural districtA where pigs are bred, the watery and cold manures fur- nished by theee animals, ought to be set ojiide. as if mixed with a large proportion of farm manure, they might lend to the production of tobaccos of bad flavour and with coarse tissue. CONTI.NUOUS CULTURE, WITHOUT SUKFICIKNT MANURE, EXHAUSTS THE SOIL, Farmers in certain parts of Canada, believe too easily that it is poMible to grow tobacco continuously on the same land. This could be practiced strictly, if the elements taken from the soil were replaced by strong manures, but such is not always the case, and it is well to remember that tobacco cultivated for too long a period on the same soil, the latter being insufficiently manured, will certainly ruin the land. The u.se of commercial manure can relieve the seriousness of the situation a great deal, liut its) abuse may lead to an unfavourable modification in the nature of the lan-l, and as the inert matter that covers what it produces and of which it guarantees the quality, is more often neither good nor bad, one might come to the cultivation of a farm which has no resenililanee physically or chemically to thot upon which he first started. Heavy amount.s of farm manure are not sufficient in themselves, notwithstanding their considerable contribution in (iecomj)osed organic matter, to maintain the iiece. There was a European farnier who used 75,000 lbs. of farm man\ire fin tne only piece of land he hud, and could not maintain the continuous culture of tobacco, which he counted \ipon, for more than five years. After obtaining very fine results, especially tlie second and thinl years, there eame a sort of exhaustion of the soil and the tobacco crops became very thin in tis.sne, with fibres too large in proportion, and standing out. remaining, however, a product developed it was not possible to class as of good quality. The experiment had to be abandoned. HOW TO BIIPIX>y MANUBB. Refenrinc to wbat hu previoiwly been mentioned and bofora terminating the brief .•uimidirationi cii tbt! uit< und tin- ilfecU ol tbeiiiiiul luumina. tbiit i» the pluw tu give tobttcw) Kr..w.T» ii little iidviii« ua to how to mauuru tluii- Idiid uiid currv ..„ thi* cultivation. A furnier ublo to ••oiiitumf .UI.ckhi \U. „{ g,„Hi l:iriii iiiuiiiir<- iht u.rf wi!l lin.l liiniM'lf ill a very fuvourabic |H>Mitioii. When winter pluuKhiiiK van btj uUoc-UhJ . it in uii advuutug.- to bury part of tit.- njanure wln-n ploutrfainc for tin- last tiuif, HtoirkH of munurf art- ul thul liuie li|{bt, aM th> <-attlp an- ip-iiprally out to pi.»tiiri>, but ih.y «hoiil.| U utiliz.d; uh to HpriiiK luauur- iiiK. it will be the CU80 wilh lijrlit tobuccus ; ti.bai -oots cover a larjrc -iirli ami aU..rl> l.i a very Krcut extent, if not cn;inly tin- ,<>lulilc umttcr placed at llieir di-poial. Uood council j^iven l.y certain authors, which has the ohjeel „( ^|Hcially haslenintf dev.-lopnicnt at tlu- l)eK six times its volutno in ourth. so us to uvoid the burning of the plants, which miKlit occur in case of a ligh* fall of ruin cupubic of conccntrutinK di>-i.lulinu> within reach of the roots. The gpri-nding of furrows can be employed for cultivating with great distance between plants where it might In- feurod thul the nmU would ...t cover the extent of the field. At any rate when artificial manu.e is imployed with farm manure, the effect of tlie chemical manure should be especially to hasten the growth of the pluiit at the Leginniiig, and to stimulate first vegetation; the tobacco having developed a power- ful netting of roots is aftj'rwarda under favourable conditions for utilizing tlie stock of organic matter that the farm manure can put at its disposal. In cases where commercial mumire is employinl exclusively, and supiMjsing that the plant must nourish itself from the stock of fertilizing matter introduced, it would be nec.'ssary to furnish foi each acre of ground. 75 lbs. of nitrogen. 20 lbs. of jihos- plwric acid und V2r, lbs. r' potash. In reality, lands are never absolutely sterile, and I rack should !»> kept of what they can furnish to vegetation from their own stock: these tJieoretical figures can U^ re preferable not to make tobacco a coutinuou- crop. but to place this plant in a suitable rotation. The coiit^uinption by tobacco of phosphoric acid being comparatively small it i.s perfectly natural to have it followed by a crop of cereals, which will consume the st-.tk remaining from the tobacco crop. ; This stock inevitably follows the use of farm maaun-. as to commercial manures they also generally coutuin a ."urplus of pliosphi>ric acid.) If the cereal 1«- fcdiow.fd by clover, a very fine grass crop and afterwards a good paature ground will result; this rotation gives, one year in tobacco, one vear in oats or some other cereal, on.- year in .lover, which woul.l bo good for cutting, and another year in clover for pasture. Th« pHturace lOiouId be oleand up early in September, which will tsiy the time i.ri-MMry for thopou»hly ploughing the land before wintw; this it rery rkiirable in ■ I r.untory where spring work ia tometiiiM diffloult, owing to the rigour ol the eMiaoii. »nii one thould have all tin- latitwln rpquired to jinvi.r.., und*r k'^I conditiona. for the plantation of tol.aooo, which will recur every four y^am. Tlie intr-idttotion of "J^^f *«»«>*•'><»" Kiv" to W'ilH. that are poor iu lime. un.• n»«l f„r oiIkt ororx" tb.v will save tlieir manure, and thanka to a better utilization of thia laat, they will have Imb trouble, on email farms, in obtaining poaaibly better reaulto. The culture of light varietii-a of tobacco ia not yet quite underntoo^l by certain plaaten. In order to obtain tobaccos that arc \\nht in fi^ue and in taate it ia ncces- aary to completely give up the idea of obtaining weiprht per leaf, but the product ob- tainable per acre can be mainUined and even excopT plantimr. Maturity can also be made a little earlier, which is nppr.viBl.1.' in n climnto that i« rather cold, nml It la preferable to oultivate a greater number of plnnti per acre than to allow th» pinnt fo carry too InrRc a number of lenvn.. in the fir«» enae the leavea are of about i-qiinl aiKe. in the eecond, the top leavca develop inaufficiently. Experience han proven in Ontario fZimmer). and in cc-rtnin parts of Qn.bee ,i tendency fo cultivate, light tobncr-oa more cloaely. The planters are well satisfied and they have the intention to cultivate still closer thin year. Aa to the varietiea with frreat rrtiiriis in weipht Cehewinir tobnoc-os'), if thov nrc l.ss sensible to certain bad inflnenfoa thiiii liffht smoking tolm.-.-o. it is g.m,] ,it Io,mt •o remove from them the maniircs oontaining a basis of chlorine and not t/> ahuw tl* nitrogenous manures which might give them an inordinate percentage of nicotine. A matter to which the attention of the tobacco growera should be given i» th> utilization of the waste of this plant. The weight of useful matter is really exported, that of thn leaves is very wcnk relatively to the total weight of the product elaborated (stalks, buds, pruned ' leaves, roots. Ac.), and the tobacco leaves remaining on the ground are about three-fifths of the weight of the plant obtained. This proportion rompriscs the stalka. which in Canada are removed and dried with the leaves. ^e stalka represent 22 per cent of thf weight of dried matter and contain shout one-fifthof the fertilizing elements : nitrofmn. phosphoric acid and potaah which were taken from the soil during the period of vegitation. It is. therefore, im'portant to retnrn to the soil the principles removed from it that are not fit for sale Ths stalka should be buried and not burnt, ns in the last mentioned case an important loss in nitrogen would accrue. Prrned leaves, aa well aa the bnd« removed from the plant during the summer represent 76 pounds of nitrate of sodn. 40 of sulphate of potash and 30 of . uperphos- phate per acre, but these wastes have the ndditiomil advantage of being very easily nitnfied, and it is for this reason that the product obtained from the clearing done previous to the gathering of earth around the foot of the plant must be buried under it when such work is done. In every casi, all these wnstea. which sometimes constitute J of good organic manure, can act very favorably upon the following crop, nnd it is evident that tobacco well manured as it ought to be. in order to obtain favourable conditions during a vege- tation which 18 as rapid as its own. does no,^ waste the elements which are at its dis posal, providing the planter takes oare to restore to the «oil the elements which are not ezportabl«. Certain authors have even gone further, and have been able to state that tobacco constituted, due to its wastes, a veritable green manure. Tobacco planters should not forget that the aftermaths (buds which grow on the stumps after the harvest), are richer in nitrogenous matter than the leaves theniaelves. and ■» they Tcry easily nitri^ thenuelves, they foii«titute an excellent orc^anic manure which ia acquired without trouble by the rapid transformation of the mineral elements of the aoil at the time when the crop does not require any more care and when it i» buried canfully before winter time. It would appear at first sight, that there have been frequent deviations from the objeet iriiic^ was set forth .at the beginning of this bulletin; but concerning the uses of ohnnical manures, it is almost impossible to indicate to farmers, not only the enust doMi, but alao the nature of the matters which are suitable to the fertilization of tlieir aofla. The conditions for each planter are different to those of his neighbour; quantities nt farm manure that are disposable, natural richness of the soil (elements that are a powerful factor.) The special object of this summary, is to put tobacco growers on their guard against the use of manures containing a basis of chlorine, these last mentioned have been used in certain parishes, with deplorable results. WImu chemical manures are used, the planters should not only ascertain the per- centage of potash, phosphoric acid and nitrogen in them, but also find out under what form these matters are o£Fered, and eliminate those that are dangerous. They will remember that the manures adapted to tobacco are : — For the contributions in nitrogen : sulphate of ammonia, nitrate of soda, nitrate of potash (equally for potash) ; for contributions in potash : carbonate of potash, sulphate of potash silicate of potash (in a few special manures) ; for phosphnric acid : superphoephates. Better still, when certain manures containing a basis of chloral have been uro<1 on lands bearing other crops (potatoes, 4c.), one ought to avoid planting tobacco in these lands for some years, until they have been spurgcd. If the council given above is followed, tobacco would no longer be sown all over the "farm, one would select the better land to set apart for a crop which pays so well, if the conditions are good, and adopt a rotation which will admit of the more perfect .'tilization of the abundant manures contained in the soil. In a little while, even relatively poor lands would be restored to a fertility above the average, becoming fit and easy to work, and the tobacco crop would once more,^ ,, , qy justify its reputation as a beneficent crop, not properly speaking because of the gestKit carries to the soil, and which io not its leart important- rasidjtg, but because it is set in the earth under conditions of fertility necessary to nhfain the best results with the other crops which constitute the rotation of which it is the chief. xtJL. :-—^-f r -CiZtLiL. «-«A. m