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OHAWA D* h...i..2i....(.}i(5^' PLQASEBETURN BEEKEEPING IN CANADA BY F. W. L. Si.ADKV, l/ominion Apiarist. Bees are of value for two purposes: honey and wax production, and the imllinntion of certain crop producing plants that depend on insects. Canadian honey is unsurpassed in quality hy that of any other country. Owini? to the abundance of nectar-producing flowers, the well-distributed rainfall, and the long, warm and sunny days and cool nights of summer, the average yield of honey per colony is high in many places, especially in Eastern Crnada. With gooi manage- ment, it varies from about thirty pounds a year in poor regions to over one hundred pounds a year in the best regions, where beekeeping is frequently carried on by A Canadian Apiary 8|H.'cialist», who find it as protitablc an oii'upation as mixed tiirming. These figuies take into account partial failiire-< in sonic seasuns due to drought or otlior enures. \\itliin the borders of Canada are tn he fuund man.v of the most inciductivc locutions for honey production on the .North .\merican Continent. DOMINION EXPERIMENTAL FARMS E. 8. ARCHIBALD, B.A., B.S.A., Oirtctor. F. W. L. SLADEN, Dominion Apiar!»t. EXHIBITION CIRCTTLAR No. 18. 14829 I "•^t ™r.?««^r.*i'^t,"ri, b. u,p. ,. .». pw i.r<^ .p-i... „«,.). rdIu."rSir (T. l,lld.^). .bich .r. .b™d.„t. -ild ..d cu t,,.Wl. .n '""" „ ', 0„l.ri5 0uctd b.»wo.d nor h country. ^.^'^T^^.'sw^r clover (MelUotus). and certain species of golden- ''.'Tna Ttr; 'Imonf thl";^^^^^^ of honey are such weeds as wild rod and aster. Among tne ma ? Columbia) and Canada thistle. In radish Annapolis Valley N^.),doK^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ltVS;:tCenSTh;'^'^r;ed up in preparation for the in-gathering. A local demand for honey is easily created. In Ontario, at the time of writing wholesale pricerfor extracted honey range from fifteen to twenty cents per pound fo Irk and amber-coloured honey, and from twenty to twenty-five ccnU per pound for dark and »™°«' ^° . customers, twenty to thirty cents per pound may be tTL «7act5 h^eyf ri thirtj to fifty' cents for sections of comb hone^ On the •'"'tie;rd"e\':e^rjl?^^^^^^ only on account of it. sweetness and delicate fl»vn„r but because it is a valuable natural food, supplying energy and heat to the ^Zm The natural „Lving of children for something sweet is well and satisfactorily ^! T; ^ivW them honer Bread, butter and honey make a pleasant and wholesome V^ rin Lth for chlfdren and adults. Used in baking and confectionery, honey raftrrfu'l°proSrt;''XpTng cakes and sweetmeats moUt and fresh for a con- "^' The'i'vTre cold and length of the Canadian winter are not serious obstacles to the w It TfWs because the bee, can be successfully wintered in the cellars of dwS hou^'o^pSed in shavings, dried leaves, etc.. in large wintering cases ""*" However, no one should embark on beekeeping who is not ready to study the bee^ However, no u necessary time to their care, for bees are no more able requirements ""^^^ *^ *'°f ^ ^ ^^^"^'^/kind of live-stock. Indeed, neglect in their to take care "* /.^^/f^'^ ^Ji'Si,*"^,"^''! or if colonies die as the result of European case 18 frequently even 7°'*. ^"""°"' ^° rfe.tructive and infectious diseases of the ["fXrialri:^: S^m S hTveHn thea^U and surrounding district will TeaUhe honey andT^ereby carry the germs of disease to their own hive. European foul-brood in which the bee larva sinks to the bottom of the cell, a European louiD .^ spreading in Canada, destroying shapeless. ""^''«f/^^«'°^^*"'*Fortunatdy the Italian b. ' more or less re«istent to Eiterfri-bLoian^the S^eper L prevent seriou , loss by the timely intro- '"'^iTALSn fSood most of th,larv« are attacked after they are capped over, .„d !;:et";:[:g rem-lns are dark ^ro^ ^;;^^^;i^^^;^ ^^^^^^ IL^Z t^t:Z::^^rZ^^r. ... no bees can have access '" " Ontario! S';. Manitoba. British Columbia, and the Maritime Provinces, have passed lttw» fur th« coutrul of fr-ul-i-rond. / t n i \ 3 The only satisfactory kinds of hives are those fitted with moYable frames to contain the combs. The Langstroth frame, 178 inches long by 9i inches deep, is the standard in all parts of Canada, and this or the " Jumbo " frame which is two inches deeper should be adopted by beginners. The keeping of bees in box-b-ves is unprofitable and a menace to successful bee- keeping because the combs cannot be lifted out to see in what conditions the bees are, and whether or not the brood is difieased. Bees in bos-hives should be transferred to hives fitted with movable frames. It is wise to keep only a few colonies until experience has been gained. The foUowing list comprises all tBat is necessary for making a start in bee- keeping : — Two or three colonies of bees "n lO-frame Langgtroth hives. (The bees may be obtained from a local beekeeper. AscerUtn that they more than half fill the hive, that a young fertile queen is present and that the brood U healthy). Cost each, accordin, to locality, condition, and time of year n sn One pound brood foundation 0 »« Bee smoker ..■■.■;.■.■.■.■. 0 60 Bee veil „ ,„ One-qvmrter pound No. 30 tinned wire " ^" Spur wire embedder , . ■- ,1 Two or three spare 10-framc Langstioth hives with frames, each about ' " Covir tMt-rscrint Stand A lO^frame Langstioth Hive with the parts separated. If conub honey is wanted, substitute for extracting supers, etc., the following:— Extracting supers fitted with I.angstro'.h frames (shallow supers may be used), one or two for each hive, each about » i »u One and one-quarter pound ilght brood foundation for each super, per ^ ^ Poun* 15 00 to Honey extractor „ -, Queen excluder for each hive ^^ w'.k„.'.. " i kb Comb honey supers fitted with sections, two for each hive, each about . • I 50 One-qu.-irter pound thin super foundation for each super, per pound. . 1 00 150 spar* ■•ctloiis. split top 120 :-^^-^SiMfaig It IB usually more profitable to work for extracted honey than for comb honey because about double the quantity of honey is obtained and swarming is more easily controlled. The names of manufacturers of and dealers in beekeepers' supplies may be found in the advertising oolumn« of the farm and bee journals published