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This Htm is filmtd at ths rtduction ratio cliacl(td btlow / Ce document est Kmi au tsux de riduetlon indlqui ci-dessout. lOx 14x 18x 22x 26x 30x i 12x 16x 20x 24x 28x 32x Th« eepv fUm«d h«r« has bMn raproduead thanks to ttia ganareaitv of: National Library of Canada L'oaomptoira turn* f ut raprodyit griet k la e4n«rooit* da: Bibliothiqao nationala du Canada Tha imagaa appaaring hara ara tha bast quality possibia eonaidaring tha condition and lagibility of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha filming contract apocif icationa. Original capias in printod papar cowara ara fllmad baginning with tha front covor and anding on tha last paga with a printad or ilhiatratad impraa- sion. or tha back covar whan appropriata. All othar original copiaa ara fllmad baginning on tha first paga with a printad or illustratad impraa* sion. and anding en tha last paga with a printad or illuatratad improssion. 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Toua laa autras axamplaira* orlginaus sont fUmis an commancant par la pramMra paga qui eomporta una amprainta dimpraaaion ou d'lUuatration at an torminant par la damiAra paga qui comporta una talla amprointo. Un daa symbolas suivants apparaitra sur la darniAra imaga da chaqua microficha. salon la caa: la symbolo -» signifia "A SUIVRE". la symbolo ▼ signifio "PIN". Laa cartaa. planchaa. tableaux, ate. pauvant atra filmOs A daa taua da rMuction diff Oranu. Lorsqua la document eat trap grand pour itra reproduit en un soul clichi. il est film* * partir da I'angla supdriaur gauche, da gauche * droite. et do haut Wi baa. an pranant la nombra d'imagea ndcessaira. Lea diagrammas suivants illustrent la mOthoda. 1 2 3 4 5 6 •ooocory ntoumm nn ouurr (ANSI and ISO «ST CHAtT No 3) A ^jPPUED IM/GE In '653 Cott Mom Strvd RoCf>Wt«r, Nm Yofk r.e09 USA (^'6) 4«-0300-Phon« (716) i-ae-SMS-Fo* province: UK JJiUTl«H COLUMBIA BOT^i^NiUAl. UIFICE IJvAFT.ET Sbsiis 2 Kdmbkb 1 luumuTBD Instructions on the Collection and Preser- vation of Plants for Private or School Herbaria PKOVINC'AI LIBRARY VICTORIA. B. C 'AVID80N, F.L.R, FAftE. PMNTBD BV TH« LEOIBLATIVB AR8EUBLT. I VICTO tf WlUUK H. CciLiJt, Prii Klog't MmI BiMlltDt MaJatj. i -aTS*^* fc^ . J.S ^i^%--L I I ^ PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA BOTANK^AL OFFICE LEAFOn' 8RIIICa 2 NUMBKR 1 iLLCiTRATBD Instructions on the Collection and Preser- vation of Plants for Private or School Herbaria By J. DAVID80N, F.L.S., F.B.8.E. Provincial Botanist PRINTED BY AVTIIOUITY OK THE IJi(iI8lt* -' 0093S846 If- rtontiMil<'> • «• llortfMtWB v>< bvtwma H,000 ud 8,B00 feet I Blmk TMrt ••««»■' <««' VM* ''> CONTENTS. PuMk ( t.) Alnw In nmkliii « r«ll»H-tl.iii (3.) Wbw «o t-ollwt * (a) What I" «>lltH-l * (4.) IWIi-ctloii <>f Mill«'fl*l (.-..» llliitH on KHrtwork Ki|nl|HiM*nt . . , rMil Mt'llKMlii " (rt, I>ri>i«riitli>u iif H|>«lii«'n« l>rfw>liig Bntl Ivrjriiiic '* INilwHlllHC MonntliiK '* (7. > CliimirylnR »m\ InMltiiK M|i««ilninw • " (H.) Ittt>rlnc tlM* H|>«'«ln>rtiii '" (!'.) niMiiliir for Kxlilliltlon ILLUSTRATIONS. I'Atia. KrontlHiiUx*. Klorlfcroun bmu- In-twi-t-n .'.,(HIO iinil .ViOO fwf. VlgH. J, a. Viim-iililiu «nlnmbla land anrveyora, most of them are content to pass by thoae apeclmena unheeded. (e. ) There are many prirelc {ndivi4upenite with the principal, and also that the children In Tsrions classes should cooperate with the teachers, so that all may have a share In making the school collection as perfect as possible, gradually replacing the poorer specimens by better ones when they are aTailable. (2.) WHfeN TO COLLECT. CollectlDK should as far as possible be done during dry weather. Plants have then lew moisture in their tissues, and are more disposed to give off even the little they contain. S|)oclmeM collected dnrlug wet or dull weather— having their cells more or less gorged with moisture— take much longer to dry, and result in less successful preparations. During pxtwdltlons it Is often necessary to botanize in all klndsi of weather, and g|iealled " berries " when rliie. It Is a good plan also, when the plants have prickles — often erroneously referred to In books as spines — to cut off a piece of the bark from tbe stems to show whether the prickles are straight or curved, weak or strong, and whether they are accompanied by aclcnil (delicate iirlckles) or not Vmbelliferoui Plant* — those belonging to the Carrot and Parsnip family — should show flowers, mature frult.et been superseded as the bert means of retaining the treahness of the specimens nntU ready to be pressed, and If the plants are laid carefully Into the vaaculnm as they are collected It Is suprlstng how many specimens can be brought home without crushing or damaging them. In Fig. 1 a small compartment Is shown at one «id; this la useful to keep supplies of labels, envelopea, seeds, fruit* etc which become moist If stored In the large compartment with plants. In cases of emergency, when a vasculum Is not available, a piece of water-proof sheeting may be used to wrap pUnts In order to retain- the moisture, but they are more liable to be crushed. Surveyors have sent in several succewful collections prepared by simply plarlnir the specimens between the pages of a monthly magazine which was carried In the coat-pocket. th« data being usually written on the margin of the page. The botanical digger should he made of good steel, and may be straight or curved as shown In Fig. 2, but It Is advisable to see that the blade Is continued Into the hundle. The strongest part of the digger should be at the junction of the handle and blade ; otherwise one Is liable to be left with the handle only, the blade remaining In tlie ground. Focu) Mrracws. Nearly every one has noticed. In passing through the country from one locality to another, that the flora varies In different districts and even In different areas wltbln those districts, according to the habitat, exposure, and soli conditions. We wish to encourage an Intensive study of the plants In every region of the Province, and a few words on this work may prove helpful to beginners. The flora of any area has a distinct relation to its environment ; that Is. to the _ nature of the soil, the rainfall, the temperature, exposure to wind and light, and to every other factor which In any way affects the growth and distribution mlnant, and so on. Very often two or three species are present in almost equal numbers, so that one cannot be said to be dominant. Tbe comparative abundance or frequency of all other species should be given. In the V ilty of Victoria two striking plant aasoclatlona may be seen on cntnparing lae dora of an area on which oak constitutes the predominant vegetation with the flora o* an area on which flr Is dominant ; or In the vicinity of Vancouver on areas where cedar (Thuja) is dominant con^iared with thoee on whi<* flr {P§eH4ot»u0t) is dominant. There are many other plant assoclatlona to be studied, sand-dunes, ro<*y coast, muskeg, etc., in many parts of British Columbia. It is a good plan to get Into a habit of using the note-book as much as iiosalble In the fleld. Aa you collect each specimen attach to It a paper slip bearing a con- secntive number corresponding to that In your note-book, and corresponding to the duplicate specimen sent to the Botanical Office. Information relating to partlcuhur specimens can then be given by referring to the number. (Fig. 8.) In yonr book make fleld-notes on the' height of tbe plant, habit, soil, frequency, and any other points of interest By doing so one can compare plants of the aama species from different »reas and note the variations in height, habit, and other rharactem which show .ty relation or adaptation to environment. I'* wH^ mf ^ ™ ^^^S^^TJ^fX^M^S^SS^^"-' srs- 1 ■« , * -■jU. . 'm-.t. - OOUKTMHI AX* PHMMVATMUI or TtAvn, % \ w4 r f u -im Ji la BJC. BoTAlilOAl. Omc». («.) PMPARATION or MKCIMBNS. PmnHO AlTD DUTIM. ThU U diMie bjr lajing th« ■pectmeni between eheete of abtorbent paper, and aahJectiDg them to raadent preaanre to prevent the ahrlTelliog of the leaTca and flowera while drjrlng. Two Imporunt polnta ahoald be borne In mind: (1.) The faater the planU are dried after being gathered, the better will they retain their colour. Therefore every meana thould be uaed to allow free evaporation while under preaanre. (2.) The faater irianta are dried the more they tend to ritrivel. Therefore the preaanre abouM be rolDcleat to prevent ahrlvelllnc— no more. Fig 4. WooAsB pUnt-prM»*r m»de In the I'Blted. BtatM ; reconmcnded by d«alm lor lU •Implleltr and tlchtncM; coiti In the Btatn t2.S0 complete. If spediuena are dried alowly they become diacoionred, yellow, brown, or black. A few gpecips Invariably turn black, due to chemical changea In their Uaauea ; aome of these may be ancceaafully prepared If dipped for about one minute in boUing water before preaaing. Thla should also be dime to auccnlent pUnta to kill them, otherwise they may continue to grow after being preeaed, and even after they aw mounted ; some orchids and stonecrops are liable to do this. Many methods are adopted to dry spedmena rapidly. Succesaful preparations may be made by displaying the specliueiia on a layer of absorbent paper, with another layer on the top, then ironed with an electric iron. Thla can be recommended for the retention of autumnal thus of leaves, the various reds, greens, and yellows keep- ing almost the natural colours. Maidenhair and other ferns are also ancceaafully prepared In thU way. Sometimes cloth Is used between the Iron and the specimen, but this tends to leave a linen impression on the surface of the ^jedmen. The best method for moat purposes is the one adopted In the Provincial Her- barium by the use of strong wire frames made f6r the purpose, and procurable In Vancouver at $1 per pair. These and the method of tying them to secure the neces- sary pressure are illustrated in Fig. 6, and they are used as follows :— JjLy one of the frames on a table, the long thln-wlre side uppermost, the thick cross-wires being towards the toblev On this lay two or three sheets of abaorbent felt paper, and on the uppermoet sheet display your apedmms aa nttutally aa possible; cover thto sheet with as many qiedmens aa it can take, so aa to ensure uniform pressure. Couacrioif ako PoannrATioii or PttRia. IS I a a i s K m ! i i I ) 14 B.C. BOTAmcAC OmoL On lh« top of tbia Ujwc of plaato ptoe* aBotkw ihMt or two ibmtm of fWt iwiwr, aad rapcat the dtaplay of ■pcdmna and aitenwu lajrtrs of paper and qicciBiMM oalll Mm bandte rcaclMa abest 6 laeiMa tai baigkt. The laat laynr of plants aiioald ba ooTMad with otbar two or tbrae sbccts of paper and tba otbar wire frama laid on tbe top^ wltb tba tbin-wtra aide towarda tbe paper aitd tbe tbick croaa-wlrva appermoat. Tbe wbole bnndle is tben tied by neana of a soft rope as sbown in tbe Illustration. Tlie rope Is sbown loose to make tbe Illustration more dear, bat in tying it sboold be palled as ticbt as iwsslble anill tbe bundle is rednced to aboat half its original balk. If tbe spedmens bare been carefully arranged, tlie bondle may be bang np and espooed to sun and air, or placed by a stove or liot-water radiator to dry. Hnn-drled specimens are most smceasful. (Fig. 6.) Fig. «. CsBp st Osrltwldl. (Note pUat^vmser trylag la tbs an.) As tbe plants lose moisture the rtqies will require to be .tightened; before doing this It is advisable to undo tbem and look over the specimens to tee that all tbe parts are pror«rly displayed ; leaves are liable to accidentally overlap or double up. It may oocasloDally be necessary to remove damp sheets and replace by dry ones. As a rule, however, this is unnecessary, so that the work of plant-pressing is reduced to a minlmnui, and tbe monotony of repeatedly changing the papers ia practically dispensed with. t'ndfr ordinary conditions drying will be completed In from one to three days, according to tbe nature and number of spedmens in tbe bundle. They should not, however, be removed from the presser until quite dry (this is usually ascertained by their becoming more or less brittle), otherwise l>eatttlful qieclmens may slirlvel and become useless. Every specimen In the press should be accompanied by Ita label bearing the necessary data or number. It is often necessary to adopt special means to make specimens amwar natural when pressed, For example, when tlw> plant tias a lai^e nnmher of leaves around the stem, some of those may be removed from tbe aide which Ilea next to the paper. A thick stem may have tbe back portion removed ; the qiedmen may be mora flnily glued to the sheet If this is done. A tuber or thick root can be ^milariy treated and part of tbe fleshy tissue taken out. Omxhtmii Atn PMsavATioii ot Punra. 18 "i •* M fkjC. BoTAincAt. Omcft riowMa— «Kti aa doffwood, or Many of ikt CompoaitM (Ranflowar family >— wHh a high or cnalilaa-IUf nmtra ahovld be pfiaaiJ Iqr tka Ma of a anwbtr of placaa of drjrtnc-papM- ml ai aliowB In rig. 7, aamriant to mmw* aqoal piaaaiira ' polsuned; the majority, however, are unaltered If rapidly dried again. No speclmeus are incorporated In the inovlnctal Ilerliarlam until they have been poisoned. All specimens after being preaaed and dried, and aU pressed specimens received from conespondents, are polaoned at the flrat opportunity. It la therefore unnecessary for correapondents to poiaon specimens sent to the Botanical Office. The following la the method adopted In thla Department, and can be recom- mended as probably the best for all hertmrinm purpoaea :— From 20 to 40 OS. of polaonlng solution are poured into a large flat enamel or earthenware dish (the solution corrode* metal). The qwclmena are dipped one by one for a few seconds In this, then placed dlrectiy cm the drying-paper and again returned to the pressing-frame to dry. After twenty-four houra the drying-paper should be quickly changed ; the rapid evaporation of spirit from petals or thin leaves tends to make them curl up. During the poisoning operation It is necessary to see tuat every part of the specimen is submerged in the solution; specimens with large flower-heads should remain long enough to become permeated, ao that any eggs, cnterpillars, or mite* may be destroyed. To prepare the solution : Dissolve 1 oa. corroalve aubllmate (powder or crystala) In 3 pints of methylnti-d spirit, and add 1% oa. strong carbolic acid. Keep corked to prevent evaporation of spirit. (Notb.— Aa »»«« loMton i* dangemuth poUon « thonU be labelled no, and kept om( of the rewth of ehMren.) The specimens may be moved in the fluid by meana of thin pieces of wood. The akin and flnger-nalls become hardened by frequent handling ot apectmena while In the solution : this may be obviated by the use of rublier glove* or flnger-stalls. When a bundle of spedmena has been poisoned, the remaining solution may be poured back for future nae. If traces of a white depoalt are found on the spertniens after they have been poisoned and dried, this Indicates that the solution has l)econ)e too strong through the evaporation of spirit ; add sufficient spirit to ensure that no deiMSit la 1^. Specimens thus prepared are practically proof against moths, mites, and mould, and are ready to be mounted aa permanent preparations. J^™p_-J-»^^, r -« ' /- ^ -spr ■- ONUcnoR Am VwmtmAnun or n.**^ ^ tT hy Mrrow itriiM of tr«M|Mrent «*«, Mr.; i> tw coll«etan aew ■« not r«xii»>>'. '«'•*. itU: thi'ir m*i •* tlM(m»A by -i^tmna wIwb moiuiitvtl iu>UttBt<>>> iiwiantlns on Qcett »< '«« ^lM» ftmndard aiae llouRytiM* ■|i»ni*M Mky ba BMMiiitod h •Mtor tMapomir or p^vnaiMiit prtparmtloiw. Only poiMiBcd ipMlmMw ilionM to pwuantly HMHWttrf. an* all iMrmaMat aiaaala •*o«M »« 4ame on fftarl* 0/ tlatMard ttea. ao that. « hmmwht. aschaniM aMy . • nada wttJi ottot eoilaeton la the Provlaca or with boUakal 'naUtatloaa abroad. Tha alaa oaad In Ito prtnetpal and Urgaat herbaria In Ito \fc » need In repairing them to the ibeeta with needle and thread, t Ko «apo4M«Ml $p«Hment $kouU to fl» ■tripa of tranaparent gummed paper. Polao other tton atandard abw ihonld to aimllaA Btandard alaa aheeta later on. ( «clmeiw #»»' loaa much of ttoir ralue as tortorlnm pnnK^ Tto glne need la liquid llah-gloe; thia ■• mdled b; § uraeh <- tbr ni>«er- elde of tto plant. All parte of tto plant ••- onw in •■■mtmn wm tlu, paper ahould to coated. Tto plant Is tton tna^i^'-n-i to fh* i»uaBi,'taig-«feee« aw^' laid under gentle preaaure to keep tto apeetoan.. m emtmet with tto -U. tlii tto glue drlea. ..... When many spedmena are to to mowK-d tsometl m t -»«"« « r>oU«" on la laid P"!>t and uioanted daring the wlntw tatoothsl >t 1, « *» iitan (o g»t » sheet of K Mt tto slae of the mount Ing-pap^' : *vama >•*• •*» «*> •>' dllot.- glne ; tto •!» . " •«« one by one on tto «»a«B. tto wr •.» pat s HMm preww*— by tto linger ntact with tto glue, then mm n# ««mi wwitHmd w tto ni-uatlng- paper. In this way a hundred or more •».* ning. In mounting Blender, dellf tely >•'-»«*«< »p«- «»* »« -rtlnary method generally reaulta In mcaslng tto pa. vHh fw «»• "Wa. tak^ a sheet of blotting-paper of the same slae a mo«»= '»« 1 =* ,«*a«»e the a|<«>fimeiia— lower aide up-on this, and paint all .rta with . w afc-saHy >' utwl with water ao ttot If any geta on tto Wotting i«i*T It will h* *«» .toort«d. Tto aheet of mounting-paper la now laid over the ^ued specie * ' m^eaad Into contact by passing tto tand oter It. Both sheets— blotting #•«*' wMUBtlng-paper with tto specimens between-are lifted up and with a littl# * ty twned oT«r so ttot the mount' j-paper Is lowermost ; when the Wnt UMMi^ix * remored the speclmena will to fo • d beaotlfully mounted, ahoiwlng no dl»««»M».,. tt*em of glue. In m nting stlft or woody specimens It Is ot .. found that the anda of tto stems tend to leave the paper. It Is a good plan, u such casee. ■ make a silt on tto mounting-sheet Immediately under the twig; a strip of stroim paper Is placed round the twig, through tto silt, and glued at the tack of the "*eet. This saves dlsflgurlng the sheets by showing stripe of paper gln«l to It. (7.) CLAMIFYINO AND LAICLLINQ TH« SPCCIMENS. It U uanal to dasalfy hertorinm specimens according to their natnral order. All the »pccte» of each genuM are placed In what la called a genua cover, which encloses the mounted speclmena like tbe covers of a book. Genus covers are made of strong paper of any colour— brown, green, cream, or grey— and the name of the genua la placed on the left bottom comer. It there are lew iiuui> shwlit for one genua cover, cerUln apedea are placed together in one cover, and the reat In ottor covers similarly Utolled on the comer. tt IM*. BoTAiiirAi. OvrNc llw d^walMlton or our Mtir* ■pMin a |. „f r«^ ||„|, „,„, Tli» hMt " norM •• for RrtlUli CotumhU iitanli irv How^lli •• rior. .rf Orwon ' Uu.ky M.Hit,l.ln Kl.mm.,- NVI.br, „f ,h,«. dMi with .11 our h><«I-. .nd .11 lluHtMle niicrlM wrt roNiH) bri«. ..r-J*,'* r'^"' *." '"'*■ " "^" '"""' "' -nor.." .mi ...h»f inil.llr.ti.Hi. In ^l '!":'""""" ""• ""^•"' "' •" »«' nrt«l-h <"U|>llratn idiould boar III. HnM> nnmlirr .n tiir ••prn. r»t.in«l by tb« iwiidrr •■Ml l.trr «,||„.ti.H« .bonid l« .•ooi^cuHTrty imnil.|.ml: th.t I., tb. n.imhm .>n Ih. "^"ITl " """"*' '*«'" •'^'' '"• ""« <•""«•«»"■> ""W. -IMI «o on. I»uplir.t«i r«»l»«l fw l.l<>niiflctlon an r«>l.in«l for ih» I'roviiK-l.l llfriuiriniu. In .|»ci.i li.««n.'«i whi-rt) tbf rollw^or cannot lupiriy a duplicate on arcHint of the rarity or a iiiMinicn. arrangrment. may he made to retnm tbe original If dealml If lb. .-ollector I. ■Iliiuted witbin - ., , Journey »f Vancnrer, It I. deairable lo bare the .peclnien. Mn.t «» frenb a. vm I,, m Ibat they will reach the IlolanK-al «>ffl.* wllhin two da>-. fr,H„ the tinie th. , ar« collecte,i: otherwlne th«.y are llai.le to .nffer. eqiecially during hot weather. The .|'«-ln- n. Hhmil.l l« .-.refnlly l.ld together, each with 11. number on a label attached a. Nbown iu rig. 3 Tbey may Iheii be wrapp«l in a .beet of oiled or paralBne.! paper-niurh a. U xm^X hy Bortat.- ami the whole wr.|.pe,i nnuly in utrong |«i|K.r. the addrem and *t.m|w Mng placed on a label-lag (addre«e.l lal^ltag. for tbi. punK»e are .upplled I.y the Botanical "fflw). If the M.miM are placed on tiie wrapping pa|ier. the |Nic-fcage U lialile to get aw.n f)u receipt of the »|*arlug thow nuniUr. t. w>nt in the corret^poMdent. who I. Hhould always 1* plnced at the H>jht hottom corner of the »heet. Spkiai. Sct. roa Xati ae-sri or oa Rotasy Lesso.xs. Ill mb.M.l l.erharla It N often .Iclrable t.. have xetK of .peclmen. to illustrate partbular KtudU-w of |.lanl-llfe. Tbc«' nliould Ik- made up from duplb-ate. In the Hiico. etc.). n.;d other Kiilijci'ts. It Ik -Mcasloimlly ilcHlrable to lllii»tralo certain features l.v the ime of Inlro-Ljoet! M-fcieH. and t.y liicln.llni; them In K|KM-lal lllurtraflve nets If »nve« mLxIng e\ntlc »!*< IcB In the collection of native plant.. ('OLUKTWII Aim i>MMa«*Tmil or I'LANTB. to It la lirtmiilnl to bwnn frnm Ihlii nfflci a iwriM of iMlleta oa mlrttmi aliMti-Hi whirfc RMjr br llliMiratt^ by tba pr«t«nilluii of apw-lal aata. rrfarrtiig a* Tar aa |MN«ilbl« to RrltbMi CulnMhta b«rtia, akraba, nr lr*M. rliiH|Ml 'mint to altnid lo in atorlnc aiiwliuona la to k«*f> Ibfin aa nrtrlx ai {MwalM* duat-imior. It la dlaa|>|)iilnlloi to IIihI hMiitlfully |irt>t>arr-nilln| i1nat-|>r lnaranav mrrr tbrlr |>ur|Nia<> If 4bc aiwriniMM art> not luuib u«mI; bnt wbvn It la tlaalrml to Imiv«> lh«m readily ai'malblv, ao tbat a|wrlvti» with glaoH or wiMHlfU door* are t^iunlly uaeWa, berauae the niienlug and cloalnx of the drawem or doorn causea a (UK-tlon whkh drawa In dust that ban Killed In the seam*. The method at prexent in uae in atoring the Provincial Herbarium la the reault of twenty yenrM' exiMTlcnee with dilTereut kluda of herliarluin raHea. and i-an he re«>nmiended for their einrlency. economy, and, above all, for their dlnipllolty. They may lie nimle by the boys in the mannal-traluIiiK clamiea; indeed, there Is no reaaiiu why any one with two or three ordinary Joiner's tools should not be able to make tbem. They are shown In Klg. ,t, and each cimslsts of two pieces of wo«xl 1 Inch thick by 1 foot 71-4 incues wide liy ."> feet .'>14 Inches hlRh, forming the sides; thirteen pieces of wood % inch thick by 1 foot 7 Inches wide by 13 inches long, fomilni; twelve shelves and the top of the case. €--yt- so BX!. Botahicai. Omot. The qwM tetwMn Um dirirM ti dowMl In front Iqr a picc* of wood H >nA thick by 4H toch« wMe by 18 Incbe* lon«, attached by two maU hlncea to th* lower edge or the riielTee; this hanging door ahoaM lit doedy. The hcrbarltun drawer, like a tray with high Udea and back, bnt >«i at th«> front, fits the Inaide of the apace and haa a simply bent strip of bnu. attached which acta as a handl* and catch to keep the door tightly cloeed. A little naphthaline powder way be aprtnUed In each compartment. Fatther detaUa will be supplied on applying to the Botanical Office, Tancouver. These drawers may also be used for storing genus covers, mounting and presalns paper, and the glass sheet used for mounting specimens. OOUXCTIOiV AND PBEHEBVATIOIf Ot PLARTH. 21 (•.) DItPLAV FOR KXHIBITION. Many RobeiiiM have been devlged for displaying herliarlnm B|iecinienB for exIilbUlon punxweii. Some devt«-« mn up to a cost of geveral hundred dollant and occnpy conalderable floor-space. Whatever scheme is adopted It In desirable that the herbarium sheets should In nowlFc sntfer by It. Fastening the sheet to a wall by means of drawlnK-plng is strongly deprecated, not only on account of dnmaglng the corners of the sheets, but also on account of the nnslghlly appearance presented by woo.lwork riddled with pin-holes. Fob Hciiooi. Demonhtration rrgposKs. One of the clieniHn.1 and mo«l uw'fnl methiMlx Is to have narrow slrl|w of wowl IH-rmaiicntly s<-rewce expownl to the full lilaxe of the sun's rays. The strlim should have the up|H'r wlge levelled off towards the wall to form a grcM.v.. t.. n-nt tin n-ts in. (S,-r KIk. !».» The lo\v.-st «tii|. kIi.uHiI U- .'l fe<-t from the flcwr. Eight Inches above this a thin flexible steel wire (such as Is used for hanging pictures) should be stretched tight the whole length of the strip, and siip|Kirtehlnd them A second strip may l«> fixed l(i% In.hcs above the first ; two more strcl.h.-. of wire comiileles the equipment for two rows of s|)eclmens. These might W placed on the walls of every claws-r.«>ni as part of the (Hpilpmcnt being etpmlly useful for the cMilbili.m of drawings or iHilntiiig ex.r.lses d-uio bv the pupils. The advantage of this UM-thfHl Is: (1.) They ...•••iipy no exiru s|mce. and In nowise Interfere with the use of the rcsini or wall for oilier piirp.«aruess of the Instructions to lieginners. If, however, any ambiguity exists and further details are desired, these will !« gladly given on refflce, Vani-ouver, B.C. TICTORIA, B.C : Prlutrd hjf WiLLUU n. Clil.iN, frlnter lo llie Klng't Shml Eji-ellent Ma), -ij-. 191S.