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Laa dtagrammaa sulvants Hlustrant la m4thoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 MICROCOPY RBOIUTION TBT CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART l>4o. 2) |23 |Z5 APPLIED IM^IGE Ir 1653 Eoit Main Strtet Roch«stef Nm York 14609 USA (716) ♦82 - 0300 - Phon« (716) 288 -5989 -Fox fHINTKMt Br AVTIIOKITT itF TUB LBOtaLATIVB AHHBMBLY BULLETIN No. 20. (Revised July, 1910.) DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE -OP- BRITISH COLUMBIA, VARIETIES OF FRUIT RECOMMENDED. HoNoi BABi,E W. J. Bowser. K.C., Minister of Finance and Agriculture, Victoria, B. C. Xo or~v Th "" '"""■ *" """'* '^"""^ ^«^''-* «^"'- «' Bulletin No. -0. Varieties of Fruit Keco.nn.o,u,ocl for Comnaerelal Planting" Hortri'"'''"' "' ">'«»'"»«"" -as undertaken by the Provincial Board of «nicli the best returns may be exnpf^«i n.,.i „.k. u . uiij oe expected, and which have a ready been nrov«i commercially successful. '^^^' I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, WM. E. SCOTT, Doartmcnt of Agriculture, ^'''"''^ Minister of Agriculture. Victoria, B. C, nth Julg, 19W. INFORMATION FOR FRUIT-GROWERS. ■ro: List of Varieties Recommended for Commercial Planting by the Provincial Board of Horticulture, as revised April 14th, 1910. sitate,! by the additional Infonnation wlU.h h s shwT,Ln „ 7"! """"""' the commercial suitability of varieties t«ki„. .!.tn 7 r'"""*^ "' ^'^ „ .too, ,Le« „.,. do "of ^1 , ' , ' , ':n r;!? ';t'°*- •" SELECTION OF SITE. In the selection of the site of the orcharfl tho-o „ influences to be considered which make for or aglsroer s. "T"' ""' those with hard-pan. or very open gravellv Iv^Hnfn ? *'"""''' "*""«• too Close to the surface, shouraiw ys t' a^S TvIn'TorT^t" "''""' In the irrigated districts, attention must ali be^>'id to n n. ^""'"^ ''■^• site Should always be chosen with letl^Z to thl nt^ ^'^ f '""• '^'^'^ i-rotectlon from severe winds, and wl^^od air drlilT^il:"" ""''• Observation of the surrounding orchards will teach i^eimencnnTnr'r"' great deal as to the suitabllltv of the soils of tL 7 • hk . *^ '^ '*"^'''' " kind of fruit he wishes to plant. neighbourhood for the PREPARATION OF THE GROUND. More failures are made In planting the orchmvi tu^ ■ ^ ground poorly prepared, than any other reason I ."d rllT , "'"^ *'*^ heavy timber should not be planted until a crop JfZl^^^Z^T '"'" .lover, has been ploughed in. I„ the irrigated UonriSlTUefally;^ .1- to do tli<> Hitiiif. TlioroiiKli tlrtilntiKc >m cMHoiitial. and If iu>c«'iwnry artlflt-lal dralnauf mIuhiIiI Im* uivcii, tIioiit;li It \h iiHiiaMy not wim* to plant on hoIIh wIiI«-Ii niHHl tlllinK to niakt' an orchard posMlhlt*. The tr«>«>M nuiy )n> fall or H)(rlni;- planttMl,
  • |K>iidint; cliniatt*. (ft>m>rally Kp«>aklne, on Vant-onvcr Island and in tlK> KcMitcnay. fall-planthiK Ih bettor, while on the Lower Mainland and in the Dry Helt, HprinKplanting is l>«tter. It Is better even if one season is lost, to have the >'"oiind In thoronKli condition before plantinit. than to plant out ou {loorly-pi-epnreil land. The year lost will Ih> more than made up liefore the trees come Into bearhn;. SELECTION OF TREES. Where iM>sslbl«', the planter should liispe<-t the trees at the nurserj* ns he buys them. As a rule, rinkI, well-grown yearlings are preferable, an*! the Hoard of Horticulture rtH-ommends that you deal with a sound, reliable nurseryman, who has a reputation to maintain, and who is under bond to the Provincial Board of Horticulture. For particulars regarding this bond, write to the Department of .Vgricnlture asking for a copy of the Horticultural Uegulations; and as for further Infornnition with regard to the choice of sites ond soil, the preparation of the ground, the selection of trees, and the i»roi)er planting and pruning of trees, a new bulletin will shortly be Issued by the Department covering these iiolnts. Where and Hov to Buy. The following Is an excerpt from a circular letter issued by the Deputy Minister of Agriculture and the Insjiector of Fruit Pests, dated 8th November. 1002:— " I'niess a fruit-grower Is undertaking exi)erlments — and we do not for a moment attemi)t to discourage such enterprise — we would strongly urge fruit-growers who are starting orchards for commercial purposes to buy only those varieties of fruit trees which, from previous experience, have proveil themselves to be of value, and to avoid all varieties which are unknown, or are not well known to l>e profitable. Do not trust to the word of a triv- pedlar ; the chances are that he is more Ignorant of the wares he is attempting to sell than the prosi)ectlve purchaser. In most cases those varieties of fruit trees for which extraordinary claims are made turn out to be worthless, and the unlucky purchaser finds himself out, first in the actual cost of the trees, which, after all, Is the least; but, in the second place, that which is impos- sible to estimate, viz., the loss of years of waiting, to find out at last that the trees are worthless and have to be rooted out ; leaving him not only worse off than he was In the first place, but without recourse against anyone." Whilst In no way depreciating the extra-provincial nurseries, it Is a self-evident fact that acclimatised nursery stock Is preferable to imiwrted stock, and, therefore, it is recommended that, when possible, trees should W obtained from local nurserymen. The wisdom of this advice Is, I believe, sound, for the following reasons: — Being acclimatised, no time is lost in adaptation to the new conditions; being freshly taken up and transplanteil, the risk of loss by drying out and by frost are so minimised that very few of the triH?« dio. Tho prliKlpnlH Mug mi the khmiihI nn.l havhiK n'l.utnfloiiH to HnHtali). It IH to thHr int..re«t to wll only hikIi hUhH iih nr.« true to nnnio niul the HU»».tltutloii of other varleth* than tli..M,. want.-,! .•nin...t bo done without consent. In cnw' of nilMtakes, they ar e easily rectlflwl; the rink of dlseawH and inrnts Ih nihilnilHeil ; the oprK.rtunlty .,f vlHltlng the nurwry and ln«iKvtlnK tiie stock U-fore :.u>inK: the nwesslty and ex|H.n»e of InsiHHtlon IM avoldiHl. for It niUKt be renienihered that all nnrserv stock '. ni any iM)lnt outside of the Provhuv must be sent to Vanest fruit-growers. Is that local stock Is better. When Its other advantages are c«»n8ldertHl. one comes to believe that In the end It Is cheaiu'r." As I Mild l»efore. this advice Is given, not with th- obji-ct of injuring the reputation of extra-provincial nurserymen, but with the sole object of giving what I believe to be good, sound advice to those of our people who ne«d It. AVhen purchasing fnmi nurserymen at points without the Province it Is well that the iH)lnt regarding InsiK>ction, previously alluded to. should Ik? clearly uuderstood. Attention Is also directed to the provisions of section 17 of the " Horti- cultural Board Act," which reads as follows:— " Xo i)erson, firm, or cfjriwration shall engage or continue In the business of selling, as principal, agent, solicitor. <.r otberwi-se, within the Province, fruit trees, plants, or nursery stock, or of imiKirting for sale fruit trees, plants, or imrsery stock Into the Province, without Hrst having obtained a licence to carry on s ch business In the Province as in this Act provided." All persons authorlsetl to sell nursery .stock in this Province are require iiKrliiiUural iihihth for (XtolM-r an* r<>|N>Htliig their iRTeiiiiial c-oin|»laliitH attaiiiMt tlu' • tn-e HK»'iitH,' and marly every luHtani-e ineutiuiiea HoyH thn* tlie • .i«tliii ' Injiight, as he hu|»imhmhI, vuluable varieties, and after they "anie into beariiiK they proveil to be nothing but scrubs or inferior wHMliinifM— Honr appleM Hliould have Ix-en Mweet, retl currants white, etc. •• .Now, we have nuich syuipathy for tlie grower who waits for years to get his trees into Iwarlng, only to tlnd that he has been victimised. Such exiMTiences are di»«|i|»olntii;K, and in some caws attended with Hi>rious ioss. Tile ciiKe with whicli a lai>ei nmy Ih; changtMl from one trt* to another, antl tlie long time it taiies for a tree to bear, are Inviting to au unscrupulous agent, and some fall into tlie temptation. "The majority of tree's rained in the State nt New York are grown by hononrable and reN|M»nMlble nurwrymen— men who Itnow their business, and wh«i iiwp their varieties ' true to name.' 8ome of these nurserymen employ agents to sell their irecM. and are resiwinsible for the acts of those agents. If a stranger calls on you to se!' you trees, do not l>elieve anything he says unless he proves it. If lie «laim8 to \tv ' •nie of the proprietors' of a nursery, take hi. icferenceH and write to them. If he say»s he is a ' sim-ial ' or 'general' agent, he can show a certitl«'ate of Ills agency, and you are t«> see that it Is of nn-t'iit date. If you make a purchase, have him to give you a •Inpiicate of tlu- order, and see that it Is correct and that it has his name writtei thereon, aim then write to the fnn who sent him to you, giving a full acH-ount of the transaction, and they will acknowledge it. " Any one who buys trees should lie as cautious about it as if lie were buying any other (omiiiiMllty. Satisfy yourself that you are dealing with reliable, established, and rcsiiousible nurserymen or their accredited agents. I'iant frwly of varieties of established value. Invest but little in new things until you have tested them on your own land, and avoid all purclinst-H of varieties when unreasoi-able claims are ma«le for them." 1. 2, 3. 4. r>. «i. 7. S. 9. ]0. n. 12. VARIETY LIST. Districts. \ancouver Island and adjacent islands. Ixiwer Mainland. Lytton. LilhxM't. and Speiwes Bridste. Kaiuloops District. Salmon Arm and Armstrong. Vernon and Kelowna. Ixiwer Oka agan Valley. Siiuilkamecn. Kettle Kiver Country. West Kootenay. T'pper Arrow Lake. East Kontenav, When, a vurloty .. P«rtl"„ ' K .2 ' ' /'' '"" ""' ""•" """••"''"• '•«• '-«' • "I^ M." Minify for L.„, .n^r^et t ', ; '"«•"'' '"•" "" "'""^- *"« "•"•"«•" variety f„r the Pralrlen onry * '^ "«•'•''""«« for « k,hh1 nhlpph.u ArP,.K«: '• ^■''''"^••- ••'■"«« -"d AdJ.c.nt l.i.nd.. Hummer- Yellow Tr«i.K|«reiit (f* M ) Early Fnll— l)u(|„^« of Oldenhnru Fnll-WeHlthy. Wlnter-KlhK of Tompkli.H Coimty <'rab»— iryHJop (g.). Wealthy In p„rt...„,„r.y J^ll u T^^^^^^ varieties .lumen «re prattlcallv .,..„.,. I ' *^"^^ "' ""olHture. The county IK nn.lo„hteU.y the nil p "Z t iT^tr J^' v'"' ''' ''" Is not pn^en.lnently a winter aim, ,»« 1./ ! ^""^'"uver Isl«„,i planttHi In prefcren,; to winter .Z. "'• ""** '"" ^•'"•'«'"«' »ho«Id be Pears : for trial. The Bart.ett l^ol^JrTrJZTrri' T."' ""-""»-"«> •«">• to Plant. Louise Bonne de JerlTsLirt , . '* "'"' ""'"^ *»•« ^^«t rnolster «oi,s. «o as to sec-ure thedesirrsLe '""'"' ""'' "" "*'^'- «-» Plums : Early— Czar (L. M.). I»iaute,l. car and Englehert are usefJIr the iT" J'f ''""'*^ '" general plum for distant shipping ,3 the Italian Prune ''''''' '''^ '"'^^ Peaches : • Hale's Early. Early Charlotte. Early Crawford, leaches are not recommended commerciallv ti.» ,„ , .. useful for walls or hoardings With a. .utrrl'al^KKr "''"' '""""' '^'"'^ Chehbies : Preserving— English Morello and Olivet Sweet cherries are not recommended bv the Rnnr-i k tendency In rec^ent years to gummosis browlm? ,' ?"'*' "' "'"''" ^«^«t together with irregular croppir? The tJ ' """ '"""'"« "^ *^^ f^""- tioally free from gu'^mosis ^ e.y r guTar anTrar'S '"^'^ "^ ''-- rot or Mit. They are in high favour iu h^ '^t' ;;,^,,'"":-V «"^ ^o not they Ship well, and have made more money oflate vear^Tn ' *" '""'"'' sweet cherries. ^ "*® ^^^^ than any of the t All #1 »i-f J 8 Small Fbuits: Strawberries— Magoon (S.). Siiarpless, and Paxton (L. M.). Kaspberry— Cuthbert. UlIUBARB : Victoria, Myatt's Llnnieus. liiPOBTANT.— The best cominertlal projiosltlons on Vancouver Island are undoubtedly the Olivet and English Morello cherries, the Bartle ptar, the Italian Prune, and early apples. dei)ending on the section as above noted. Strawberries and rhubarb are also good commercial propositions at the present time. The fruit industry of the Island generally has rather overlooked the IKissibillties of the local and Northern market, but there is no doubt that In a few years the Coast market will overtake the entire production in every line of fruit growing on the Island, and will i)ermit of the production of much more fruit at remunerative prices. 2. Lower Mainland. Applks : Sunmier— Yellow Twinsparent (L. M.). Duchess of Oldenburg. Fall— Wealthy. Whiter— Kinr,' of Tompkins Cimiity. Xortlieni Spy. Crabs — Ilyslop, ' Careful shlpiHTs report that the Yellow Transparent and Duchess of Oldenburg are about the best propositions in the apjile line in this district. Bark diseases on these varieties can be controlled by proper spraying. The Wealthy should be planteil here only on well-drained soils. This is not particularly an apple country. Pkars : B'all— Bartlett and Dr. Jules Guyot. Winter— Buerre Clalrgeau. Buerre d'Anjou I'«irs have not been extensively tried commercially, but do very well, amd give excellent returns and are worthy of more extensive cultivation. Chebries: Preserving— English Morello, Olivet. These two do well, but have not received the attention their iM>ssil)llltles warrant. Small Fbuits : Strawberries— Early— Fairfield, Warfleld. Late — Magoou, Campbell. Of these varieties all are satisfactory, the .Magoon i)erhaps being a little s«»ft for long-distani-e shipping here. Strawberries are, in the estimation of quite a few growers, the best proposition on the north bank of the Fraser River. Raspberries— Main crop — Cuthbert. This variety is pre-eminent, and some growers rank It as the best commer- chil proposition In the section. 9 Blackberries— Early— Snyder. Mid-season — Erie. Ki«.LK . . I^te-Taylor. Evergreen. Blackberries have usually proven profitable. Rhubarb : I.:arly-Victorla. Alyatfs Llnna-us. rmrtli-ularly g rmibnrb, and. In some l.xatlons. early apples. Apples: ^" '■^"°"' '■"'°°**' *"** ^P'"«» bridge. Fall— Macintosh Red. Winter-Spltzenberg. (Jrinies r.olden lMi.„i,. wi W.„,.„er. Xorthern Spy " ^""'""' J«»"than. Crabs— Transcendent and Hyslop - '-;r r ,;r: :zz::nz:z "■°"' -^ "■ ■" - -- I'FARS : Fall— IJartlett. Flemish Beauty. Winter— Ruerre d'Anjou. Ph,n?X::r;;::^:t,^;- - -«-- data avanable as regards ability they could be grownlLcceSly ^"^''""*^"^'^"«-- ^"t in all prob- IMPORTAXT.- This district has been well nmvn.i apples of the highest colour and flnelTquallty "' " '^'^'"^'' «' "'"^^^ Apples: *• '^«'"'««»P»- Summer— Duchess of Oldenburg Fall— Wealthy, Mcintosh Re" .V «eii. inis is imrtlcularly nn apple country. Apples: ^' *"'"'°" ^'"'" '"•* Armstrong. Summer— Duchess of Oldenburg, Fall— Wealthy. Mclntnsh Rp«l. '»^ 10 winter— Johathau, Xorthern Spy, Wagener. Crab*— Transcendent and Hyslop. This district, m common with the last two named, relies for Its market almost entirely on long-distance shipments. These apples do very well, and give excellent returns. Generally speaking, the Wagener should only be used as a nller. Peabs : Fall— Bartlett. Flemish Beauty, Dr. Jules Guyot On some of the soils of this district pears give excellent returns. Stbawbebbies : Magoon. Raspbkbbirs : Cuthbert Strawberries and other small fruits do very well here, the rainfall, soil and shipping facilities being specially suited to them. IMPOBTANT.-The best commercial proposition in this district would prob- ably be the Wealthy and Jonathan, or Mcintosh Red. Northern Spy, and Wagener, depending on the soil. The Magoon strawberries have done very well as an Intercrop. , 6. Vernon and Kelowna. Apples : Summer— Duchess of Oldenburg, Lowland Raspberry. Fall— Wealthy, Mcintosh Red. Winter— Jonathan. Wagener, Rome Beauty, Northern Spy, Grimes Golden, Yellow Newtown, and Spltzenberg. Crabs — Transcendent and Hyslop. This is prt-emiuently a winter-apple country, and all the varieties named above do well. The Lowland Raspberry, .owever, while not proven, promises well, and is worthy of trial. Grimes Ctolden and Yellow Newtown, also Spltzenberg, do well In some localities, and they should only be planted where previous experience has shown this to be the case. Peabs: Fall— Bartlett, Flemish Beauty, Dr. Jules Guyot Winter— Buerre Clairgeau, Buerre d'AnJou, Buerre Hardy. These pears have all given excellent returns, particularly at Kelowna where some soils are suited to them. Plums : Early— Peach Plum and Bradshaw. I^te— Pond's Seedling. Yellow E-^. Quackenboss. Italian Prune. In the plums, all the varieties named do well, particularly on some of the lower land at Kelowna. The Peach plum, owing to its earlluess, is an excellent proposition, and, as a general rule, the Italian Prune lias given good returns. 11 Chebbies : prZ!.T;"**''"i '^""'' ^'"«- ^'''^'^' Windsor. Preserving-English Morello. Olivet Mngoon. Raspberbies : Cuthbert. Khubabb : Victoria, Myatt's Llnnwus. H.uS;:r:oS^-,'r;;n;^t'=j'"^ '- '-- •— • prese'^T^oTm';^^^^^^ 'T?"'"" '" ^'^'^ ^«*^'^* «^ the On some soils, the p^ars n J^ It ''" ^ ^ "'""' "^^ •'^"'**^*°- Wagoner, returns also. ' ^ "'" ''''^"'"'' ""'^ ''''"•'"'■b «l^ifled give very fine 7. Lower Okanagan. Apples : Summer— Duchess of Oldenburg. Fall— Wealthy, Mcintosh lied. Crabs— lYanscendeiit. Peabs : Fall-Bartlett, Flemish Beauty, Dr. Jules Guyot Plums : Early— Peach Plum and Bradshaw Late-Poud-s Seedling, Yellow Egg, Quackenboss, and Italian Prune plums do fairly well m this district. Chehbies : Sweet— Royal Anne, Blng, Lambert Preserving— English Morello, Olivet The sweet cherries do very well on suitable soils. t \i ' * 1 'T ■' '^'^TfT'", ?i Ifi 12 IMPOBTANT.— In thJs section, ns In the previous, the growing of winter aiiples is .he best commercial proposition. I'eHches have been very InrReiy planted, and the varieties named are doing best. They are being used as fillers for apples quite satisfactorily. 8. Similkameen. Apples : Fall— Mcintosh Ked. Winter— Jonathan, <;rlnies Golden Pippin, Stayman, Spltzenberg, Wlnesap. Crabs — Transcendent and Ilyslop. The above-named apples have been planted extensively, and promise very well. There is not, however, sufflclent information available to justify IJosltlve recommendation. Peabs : Fall— Bartlett. Flemish Beauty, Dr. Jules Guyot. Plums : Early — Peach-plum. Bradshaw. liiitc— I'ond's Seedling. Yellow Egg. Quiukciiboss, Italian Prime. Peach Ks : Triumph. Alexander, Yellow St. J. i,u Early Crawford, Elberta, Belle of (Jeorgia (whitt^-Heslied). This is one of the newer districts of the Province, and while from loca- tion, climate, soils, etc.. it promises to become one of our foremost valleys, yet there hav< i)een only a few orchards In bearing in the district, and recommendations cannot be made very definitely. It Is very probable that It will be most impular for the pro«lucti«m of whiter apples, with Italian prune and some peaches as fillers. The plums and peaches are those recommended for the Lower OkanagiUi. aiul from similarity of condition should do well. 9. Kettle River Country. Apples : Summer — Duchess of Oldenburg. Fall— Wealthy, Mcintosh Red. Winter — Grimes Golden Pippin, Jonathan, Wagener. Crabs — Transcendent and Hyslop. This, too, is pre-eminently a winter-apple country. The varieties named above all do very well, but the Wagener should not be planted on low and heavy soils. Pears, i)lums, cherries, etc.. have not been very well i>roven. but it is probable that the varieties which do well In the Upper Okanagan will suit this locality. The Italian Prune has been very profitable commercially in car-load lots, and Flemish Beauty has done well among the pears. IMPOBTANT. — The best commercial proposition would be Wealthy, Mcintosh Red, Jonathan, and Wagener Apples. r.i /, , . ^°- West Kootenay (Inclnde. Lower Arrow Uke West H. h Rl«trict. Went Arm K^te,^ J T"l '^''"'""- «"3"»''MVanota ArPLKs: kootenay Lake, and C'restou.) Kali— (JraveiiHteln, Wealthy. dWrlct. „„d de«.rvedly «,. J„n,Z„ 1™„, LT' ■""""" ""■"' '» fe X £f ««• .-„ be the best eommercLJ pr ^l^ion forTn/ dis^' "^'^ ^"^' ^^-^^ -"' and Northern Spy are partl^larly pi^fltebTe witr ''i'^^'"^' «^«^'«««tein as above-mentioned are giving exceS return! X*''';' ^""^ '™*" '^"'*« above list finds a market locally Td nlonTthe r "^ «^"ythl»g In the varieties mentioned as the best ^mmer2 pr 'Lurl''"' '^'"''' ''"* '^^ local market and long distance shipping. ^'''''*'''"°° "« ^^'"able both for Apples: ^^' ^PP*"" ^'■'•ow Lake. Fall— Gravenstein, Wealthy. Winter-Northern Spy, Jonathan Wagener. t. I "" ' I I{ '0. I- 14 Crabs— TrniiwpiKlont and HvRlop. Hnrth'tt. Flemish Koaiity. Bnerro rt-AnJoii * TlM^o .lo wHI. I.„t an. n„t in s.ul, favour as the aj.ples. Plums : • Blnck Dlamoiid, Italian Prune. « 'HERHIKS : I'resorvlug— Olivet. Morello. Stbawbebries : .Mnjjoon. British Queen. R„yal Sovereign. Raspberries : Cuthbert. 12. East Kootenay. Apples : Summer- -Duchess of Oldenburg. Fall— Wealthy. M( .ntosh Red. AVluter— Jonathan. Crabs— Transcendent and Ilyslop. Pears : Flemish Beauty. Plums : Italian Prune. n . , , ^ '<^'T< RIA, B. C. : fhM.K.v, I..S.O.. \ .1... Printer to the KinR'g Most Excellent Majesty.