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Comprand un (das) index

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□ Title page of issue/
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Titra de d«pert de le livraison

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221

TfM copy filmad h«r« haa b««n raproduead thanks
to tha ganarosity of:

National Library of Canaiia

L'axamplaira film4 f ut raproduit grica i la
9tntto»M dr:

BibliotMqua nationala du Canada

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Laa imagas auhrantaa ont At* raprodultas avac la
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Un daa symbolaa suh^ants apparattra sur la
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Las cartas, planchas, tablaaux. ate. pauvam ttra
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Lorsqua la document aat trop grand pour Atra
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illustrant la mAthoda.

1 2 3

1

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(ANSI and SO TEST CHART No. 3)

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/iPPLIED IfVMGE Ine

ItU Eoal Maki StiMl
l»thM'.«r. Nm Torli 1M09 USA
(71S) 412 - 0300 - Pheiw
(7t«) aM-9«M-Fg>

M

4

INSECTS, FUNGODS DISEASES-TREATMENTS

EVIDENCE

or

Dr. JAMES FLETCHER

ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST

BBFORB THE

SELECT STANDING COMMI

OH

AGRICULTURE AND COLONIZATION

1903

PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMEXT

Am adTanoe ahesM of the Oommittee'e Final Report

ntlNTEJ) BT a K. DAWSON. PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOOT

EXCELLENT MAJESTY

1903

OOISTTENTS

INSECTS, FUNGOUS DISEASES,— REMEDIES, pp. 1-57.

Value of the Committee's inTestigations to Agriculture, 6. The injurious insecta
of 1901, 6. The San Joe* Scale and the remedies for it, 6, 6, 9, 10, 26. Bemedy for
leaf curl, 9. The locust pest, remedy for it discovered, 11. How to save Binder Twine
from being eaten off the sheaf, 14. Poisoning sparrows and gophers, 14. The
Hessian fly and how to get rid of it, 16, 22. The pea weevil, and the remedy for it,
16, 17, 22, 25, 28. How to apply the remedy for pea weevil, at home, 17. Black
Knot on the plum,— how to eradicate it, 20. The pea moth, 24, 32. Spraying, 26.
The grass pea, 31. Distinctive difference between the pea Bug and the pea Weevil, .32.
Destructive pea aphis, 32. The potato stalk weevil, 33, 36. Potato rot, and formula
for it, 33, 37. Potato scab,— treatment of, 34. The central experimental farm as a
Bureau of information, 36. The grape vine colaspis, 37. Improved cultivation of
strawberries, 87. Formalin, — ^how to apply it to seed potatoes and seed grain, 40.
Cankerworm,- the remedies for it, 41. Apple borers,— remedy for, 42. The peach
bark-beetle, 40. The uirch skeletonicer, 43. The bee moth, or wax moth, 43. The
pear-tree flea louse, 43. The currant worm, 43. The turnip aphis, 44. Noxious
weeds, 44. Perennial sow-thistle, 45. Quack grass, 46. Sweet grass, 46. Bokhara
clover, 47. Ball mustard, 47. Spraying to destroy wild mustard, 48. Stink weed,
49. Pepper grass, 50. The orange hawkweed, 60. Pigeon weed, alias, red root, 60.
Field bindweed, 61. Lawn grass and manures, 62. Awnless brome grass, 54. Becipes
for preparing insecticides and fungicides, K, 69.

DR. JAMM8 FLMTCUMH

INSECTS. PUNGODS DISEASES.-TREATMENK

Boon or Oommc. -
CoHirnm Boom 84.

Ottawa, iCanh 20, 1909.

to his work during the v»Mt^u\-. foUowin, •utement with nferenot

TALC, or TH. 00M1UTT«'« U,VK3T.OAT,OK8. TO AOWCUtTUM.

Ple.^; e'^nWt^el^tttrin^J fr I' ^^" ^'°--»^' »« of the

culture. It i. not only UeasamTu^^f J »»». Select Sunding Conunitte on Agri-

the Dm«on under Z fie ^I^ch llZ^^ *", ""^ '" JY ''°*- ^he worifTn
Pl»nt., i,. of cou»e7of mSh ImZu^ W'thentomology «nd botany, or in««te and

pWnly Acwn by th; Lrgi SX^^rn^ufriL wff '*u!J '^ ~"°^- ^hU i.
™g.rd to injorie. that oSL to wJIeff romT^tTJS .r"' '*?'* "" "^^^ y"' ''»'^
the occurrence of weed, or oth« k^jSuiTl Vr^^ **,"" T ' " ^«" " ^««»
corwepondence in the department. ST.™ tK^^w/^"" " "^"^^ ■ "f™"* *>«' «<
•msry year. ri,owing that^he^^^f IJ ^A^^TtS? *? "^ " »"'^"'»"y increaaing
past year oyer 8,000 lettenTwwTrLr^T "becoming recognized. During tS
Mking for infor^iatioraCurpUnTr^ i^ts 'ThS "/"*'*''" l!^ *^« '^^'^

r^t^tTof^trmT^Tirfrret; '^^"^ '"?'« thi;"6ommittee i. of .
««Dber. who attend^ ^ny qt.t?o^ Z ^^ t^* *^* ". **•« «^' ''*«"»• '^
diiBcultie. ariae among their^SS«S.^ ift^i^^ "*T "f *J" ^°*' *»»*« ^l»«
to crops either from fiLgou. diaei«e« «1,^t atS^» Tk ^"'^•t'f •. •»«!» - injuria,
reapondence with the Division of^omo W aS*1?5. **"? P"* *•»«" «»d» « cor-
nate some of the information that we haVf^therS 7k ? ''* "^ "^'^ *« <J"»«'ni-
•tndy of this parHcular kind of kn^S ^5.1^0* ^- " »•*?* """^ y«*" of
year, which is Tery satisfactory. W "^^int^f Tw^at^rrt::"^ '"" '•" ^^^

TBI ajxmova uissats or 1901.

With your permission, I wiU refer briefly to some of tha ,'«,• •
hare come before me during the past year u£il?LJu 'i?""** *o crop, xvhich
msects. and speaking of thm in Seir o^w of Tmwrtanl '^'''' '^"^ "''' ^""^ *«
done. I will refer to them under the diflfer^nt hSS ° ' ''^ "'°"°' °^ *^« '"i-'y

ra« SAN JOn SCAM AND THK BBMEniCg rUR IT

• TBB MMTOMOLOOtBT AUD BOTANIgT, KXPtRlMBNTAL PAUMS

be.t WW. ofSJhdS .f """T^ '".»»» ««•«» to 'he life habiU of thU iiiMct aix) tho

Snni^rA ^' . "?"•'' ^ ""'^ «'«>«» attention from the Federal and Pro-
tTcT.1 ZT"**' "^i' ".' "!"'' °' •»"''»» '^•~'«» experiment S.llLtoi.y aJJ^
■re appuM carefully and with the neceag^ry troab e and expense. They are nrac-
tical remedies in that they will control the in«>et auilfcientlyVo Sow^tTh^ IZZ

bnt T^nTl^^^l* °' *?^' '"'? '• d«*«"«i "t »ome length in my forthcoming annual report,
but I wiU juit mention what theM» three remedies are. beo^ informaSn iri^ l!E
this^ommitt*., a. a rule. get. to the co«itry long Ure^e fi^^Sr^J^jJ^S

8PCCIAL REHEME8.

mo^imS^ T*?** ' ^'^ "»*°*'°° *"* Crdde Petroleum. This » probably the

.11 1 ' "•*?» recommended for general use by the ordinary fruit grower It ia
Tery large.y used now in OnUrio and the United States andW£.owVh.f^WK
c.« orehard. can h« protected f«« the San Joi ^.'le^irouU Ju^ tT Se^X
It therefore pays all fruit grower, whow tree, are aflFected. to LS^oS whit il^

r^lJ'^ \'n^ *=""*« P^*"^'"^ ^0 tJ-i' *««. •ndTfoUowcloSTh? s^ Sc
instruction, which are issued both by the Federal knd Ontario Qkm^itT iTSS
wish to get the best result, of their Uboura. In western and scSt^SI^'oltaS
the time ha. gone p«t when fruit grower, can afford to negk^tE p^S^i VS
against insect enemies, and the application of proved remedies. In S«^^ * <^ * •
where the San Jos* Scale has iZ introduced! ^ ^f^ r^^^X^'^^!;^
to make a continued effort to stamp out thi. pest ^^ pnptt«l

By Mr. Wright:

Q. ^ the San Jo.« Scale appeared in eastern or central Ontario t

Q. Only in the west ?

A. I think we may outline the district whant if h.. —.._ j • • • .
a. the district which is broadly W « {he i"ch ^t^T^^ « injurious numbers.
Ontario and along the norti of Lake Erie ^h«~t * "' *^ ^** °^ ^»

peaches there you will find^tWukTSaf^ sil rs^^S^aWnr'^h " "^^ ''^^ ""^
Regarding the injuriom effect ofSs iL^t on the t^ t^ ™T' "^ '"^'P^^"^'
It had b^n hoped that because Oanada "^o fi/tS^thl'^Sirto"^^^^^
likely to destroy the trees a. ekewhere. but that is now ImowTt!? k! not be so

idea. I have been lately in orchaHs where I saw annl^ !^ ^ "J^'^ erroneous
injury of all our fruit trees, which w^relrtiX dead W thM^'V"*?Pl'^^" '°
Jc8# Scale. So that question is answered, on^ordf t^th^i^tjV^f ^"^
destroy fruit t««« in Canada. I have seen a^Se «!,»«' ™! i. ?"" ^°^ ^*^'« «*n

tySECTS. rVVaOVB D18EA8B8,-TEHTMD MBMEDIMM f

Bp Mr. Wade:

Q. DoM it attaok ■hrulw t

A. Tct. All kinds of sfarub« are liable to attack.

Q. Anything woody ?

A. It will attack any tree or shrub, anything with woody atenM. It atill r«a be
•aid, however, that in Canada it has not spread into the foresu or on to wild baahai.
This matter is being closely watched. The San Jos« Scab is an imported insect, and
th« conduct of imported insects is peculiar. It is often several years before they leave
the trees on which they originally appear. There are many cases in which this scale
insect has appeared on fruit trees in orchards, but I know of no case where it has
spread to any extent from the orchard to adjoining shrubs or trees. Perhaps after
•oae 7ears it may do so, but then, possibly, some of ita tnemiai may also appear and
bring down its numbers, as in other parts of North America.

By Mr. WiUon:

Q. Is it increasing in Canada t

A. The limits of the infested area are not increasing in Canada, but within that
an* there has been considerable increase.

Q. I mean within the limiu that you speak of I

A. It did not spread very much last season beyond the limiU reached in 1900, but
it did spread to a considerable extent within those limits. It' is still very hard to get
fruit growen to understand the danger from infested trees. Last summer, I was in an
ordiard where the owner cUims to have 20,000 trees. This was r well kept orohard
of healthy treea. Two yean ago a few trees were found to be infested by the Scale.
Kothing waa done to control it, and now it may be said that the wh<rfe of this magni-
fleent orchard is infested and may be a toUl loss. Some rows of trees which were
known to have been longest infested, were at the time of my visit in a dead or dyinr;
onidition. I do not know whether the owner is going to attend to his orchard properly
or not, but it will now be a great expense to do so.

The matter should be considered from two points : f ran the owners' point of view
it may be asked, is he going to save his orehard from this pest which will certainly
destroy it if he does nothing ; and, besides this, it must be remembered that there are
other fruit growen in the vicinity, who are in great danger of losing their orchards
from his neglect.

By Mr. Wilton:

Q. Is there any law to compel a man to take st^iJs to prevent the spread of this
inaect to his neighboura trees f

A. Yes. The Ontario law demands that the orohard shall be treated, and, until
it was amended, this law insisted that iitfeeted treea sh'^uld be destroyed. There was
such an outcry from fruit growen that the law was changed, but the Qoremment is
trying all it can to discover the best remedies by which this insect can be controlled.

Q. Is there any recourse aga?nst a man's neighbour if the scale spreads through
his neglect ?

A. I am afraid there is not.

Mr. Smith (Wentworth).— A law recently passed by the legislatur makes it a mis-
demeanour punishable by a heavy fine for a man to have the scale on ii.s premises, and
the municipal inspectora can take steps to make him have his orchard cleaned nut!

Q. I knew that bill was going through and was much interested in it, but I did
not see the final provisions of it. la that how it reads t
A. Tea.

.~J.!r JZuT^-jli".^; r°-'^ ■•„.• -tin:"'" U. h.„ .i. ^ ta .„•.
WM to be a penalty or not Of eon^ fK. i T?*.**'* disciuiion. wlwther there

B» Mr. WiUon:

Q. A hw is no good without a penalty f
A. Not much, I am afraid.

Mr. SioTH (Wentworth).~The» i. . penalty.

^^'cYS-^^J^^^^^^^ I would ^

irrcwer. in Canada a« VeTmS^f^J^ •moment to aak yon if you think that fruit

two yean ajjo with clubs in 3Sr h*S. .«^I!! ^ -P^. ""*'' ^^ '^n* *« Toronto
which wouU have stam^i it^t if"tS^JeSlf *** GoT«nu»nt that the Uw
are now «,n7 for having had U rWsd ^Tt^ if* "''**• '~"-'^ ^ '«P«'^«^
tion to-day that would e'Xi^^t ^^'"^ ''»«" «««• *<> «v «»rt of legisla-

u-n.^a;^TcrnlL:^^:^w^tT'a°^^^ ?"^*^ •^"•J^ » • P'-tic-

-trnd. this question asT Si^tiW bS«L T "^ °T^ ** '*^' *«* »» '»»*»■
*en for five years th" th^re w« an i^™Z t.^'"^ '^'^'^ **»« «'"*^' ^ ^^«
it seemed impossible to get Ae I^rJ «TT '*'"^' ^°«!°« ''^ *»»• «»°»t^ ; but
Btand it. Th^.e^^S.V^ S ,X"tf°r V^ *H'' ""°'^' *« ^"^^
»»in« to dioot theOovemiiSt Sp^W S^yl;^?^.* ♦? • '^'l*!!!" ' "^ '"^
the trees that were affected. HiHSj^lLTt^^^iL?"*^ **» ^*"^
f-^n a rery great ble«iing to thZ. destroyed, I beliere it would hare

anwrn maoLtvu,—rntn bxmidt.

danger from this teSb^HSct • St^l h^Jinl^* *"''"" ^ ^""^ *° "^th*
and intend this spring to ^m^J?!^ ^♦T'*,*"'^ quantities of crude petroleum,
men beagn Ust 2^ i^ a^^^t * * '^^' ^T °^ *J»*'' »«"» enterpria^
.^-ults S year ^ ^.Sg a TJTJ^jli::^ i^ ^**L?'7 ««"'«* •°«b goS
may engender some reckl^V, n^^ feln tE l'™**" ^™l*"" •"** '■*«'• *»>»
they obtained rery good^nJt, • m.rT • ^*^ J"" ^^"^^ °^e' ti>e trees, and

harm at all with a^S^^reTntnirifi'i^^fi S^iSl^i"-"'^ -/ /»-« -
bo injury next year, because while 16 per StThJ^ ^ ' "° *^"*'^ *''"« '^^
20 per cent without danger, there willbeTtei!l™ 1^' ^ ^°\^'^ use probably
mixture, because of these it^ remits Jd^^^ ^ '"""^ *^* ''*'^*'» °f *!»«»
even to apple trees, and^rShl^d; ^tJ^o^TA^' ~^"*"° ""^ 'J" 1>*™.
liable ^r> increase the am.«rSn7the a^J^ ^«^ "f JS:^°?i'*?'- "^^ ™«o «"
whole thing will get . Tuc^ wX^^^***?" ^^^^^ J^" ^ '^^ tb*
-omething, and I am afraid they may now dTTliSTt. mr^J^'rV'"''' '"^'^ *° ''*'
regard to the San Jos* Scale, which I wish now to hrinXT ii. ^* °°« P°>°t ''">»
there are three pr^^cal rem;dies itirsfii gan fc^rO^d^T'?**' ^ *^**
of these and may be lised by the or^nary mw if he^l ^^^T^t petroleum is one
a 20 per cen. application ; that is, one-fiShT.lilkSca'rSSt t? Zl^^

lysKCTS, FtyuOLS nisHASKS.-TKSTKIf HEMKIHEH %

an 1 water may be «aftly applied to the trees. Another rule of thumb, but a very irood
on© which has been put forward by Mr. O. E. Fisher, the inspector for San Jos^ Scale
for the Ontario Qoremment, is that not more than one quart of crude petroleum
may be sprayed on to an averaffe sized or full grown peach tree. If that quantity is
exceeded there is danger. Crude oil costs 2 or 3 cents a gallon as supplied by the
Ontario Government.

WIIALK OIL SOAP, — SECOXD RE.MEDT.

The next remedy is Whale-oil Soap. This is a trade name for a potash and tish
oil soap, which contains 10 to 12 per cent of potash. It is an exceedingly valuable
insecticide which «an be used with little danger, and is also valuable as a fertilizer
on account of containing so much potash. The quantity advised, about one and
a-lialf gallons per tree of a mixture of 2i lbs. in an imperial gallon of water, equals
the amount recommended as n light application of potash, when used in an orchard
as a fertilizer.

BBMKDV rOR LEAP Ct'BL.

This soap 18 also a very effective remedy for some fungous diseases of fruit trees.
One of the wurst diseases of the peach is known as the Leaf Curl. The leaves of
pepch trees affected with this disease swell up and become distorted in June and July,
and just at the time wh*n they are required to perfect the fruit, they fall off. Th.'
The fniit in consequence is smaller and not so valuable. This disease is almost entirely
coiitrolled by using whale-oil Soap.

Whule-oil Soap is recommended strongly for the San Jose Scale, and, although
costing more than crude petroleum, it cannot be considered an expensive remedy. It
costs 8 to 4 cents per pound, according to the quantity bought. It can be bought from
Good & Co.. of Philadelpflia. and W. H. Owen, of Catawba Island. Both firms make
a specialty of preparing this soap as an insecticidd with the proper amount of potash
so that it may be sprayed of the required strength in a liquid form. I mention these*
two names because they are reputable firms that make a specialty of preparing; this
■cap.

By Mr. WiUon:

Q. Could you not mention some Canadian firms who supply it t

A. That would not be advisable, because there are several of them, and the feelings
of some would be hurt if they were not mentioned.

Q. I object to using the names of people from outside. There could be no objection
to your mentioning the names of Canadian firms if you gave a list of people in our
own country who make these soaps ?

A. I will provide a list, if the Committee wishes it.

Q. That is all right.

A. I only mentioned the other firms because they were not in our own country
can give you the names of some half dozen of Canadian makers, as follows :—

Canadian Manufacturers of Whale-oil soap : —
J. J. Ward. Consecon, Ontario.

Imperial Varnish & Colour Company. Toronto, Ontario.
Empire Soap Works. Hamilton. Ontario.
D. Morton & Sons, Ilamiltou. Ontario.
J. H. McMeehan, London, Ontario.
F~2

By Mr. Cochran*':

«.ileSa?? ' "°'*'"*««^ yo" co^ctty to uy th.t one-third «# .

■ Q. WeU, if . on^lL'Z^^ be too mad,.
• l«i»er quantity rf J^ ""**"** <>' Prtroleum i« the n«,n.

. A. The whole treemL^ ^^f Qiumtity of the iWiWi!i, 2^ V '^'^ ^^e
ii-^e said that the «i^2f '^ «»''««>«» ; for thi« wa«onT!!T*^"**''" '

I «. Teor in«h^S?t?;o?f"°^ •* •PPlieTuSt fel.' ton" ''*?**• ^ "^^^
«• whioh ia now Terf-Lii ^J '** mentioning the matter^ **"P '"» *l>e tree.

Without digie«8inlr*)!r*

in their work I «^^ ""* ^"'"^ the veiy Bert m«IT,^ «P«ying pump manu-
of^Uurettii^^^'^/^^^-t .pJ,pX^^ Z

which aw publish^ in oir^„^» ^<Wy "c^niSi. wd^^S? iT" *"' «<» the
year from the E^^^ti pj^^**^""^ ««Ki' aent o^t^^ 7^ ***°u '^"^'^
h«ve made theae^^m-T ""' "^ ™printed ia manv «#Vk *?* ""mbers every

think it is ^hoZ^To'^lT"'' '^"^ *^>«t I nS^c^'dtn^'^*":^ «'**'°»«^
r^edies I ha7e Z^'ol ^Z^ ?°« "^ the dTm^ttl^AT '*"? '^*'^- ^
hecause thei« is liSe^ouht "i^'^^.'^^'^h should be brou^JSorS. * ""^* °' *ho8e
expense and labour which L/ J^ **^ ''^'^'^ has raited fZ .^ f""*^ *» ««««.
the San Jos< SciUe auSian ^° *'^*° *° these exSwT v ^"^ """""t «f
before. These remtli« lu? ^"T^*" * °»»ch more h^nT^^'J^^.^P^"" is that
trees mav^l.If^- ' "^though rather expensive Jn- ""P*** than it ever ka«
ev.i7-^r.^S m ' T^'«7. *" be.r^i'^*;^"^;«P«yi-« returns.^; fS
irtect is such thaTunwl ^ '^^"^ «^«^ ^«r. b^S, fhlt.'^"?'^*' •»« "PPl 3
" . very short time"'"' *'^ "^"^'"^ » k«Pt u^ ^^l^yte^rSs ^mTi£:^^

'trKio.noK;-,Hx.o IU.MKO. ... ,oa. ae*«.
Jjf Ur. Biehardion :

..nd2LSiri.^V*^'"^^y-^-eKivenusonlytwothe .

A. It is Fumigation TK. *u . . *""**• petroleum

where the i^'ts'^.S^S" IC^'*^- ^^^^^t^m^'f^!?.*^ "^^ *he fS^
..dd is mixed wiAwX^d iS; r^*^ ?"^J » hydr^^r^.J^ ***'*J «»«»tty
off one of the most Pois^C gCta^in" ^JT* ^^S^^^iSjr T^.'^^^V"^
this gas for a short time-in thnisTnT^u' '^ "^ ^»««t. subiooST;!. J" ^^
destroyed. ° ^'** **»« ot the San Jos« Scale 4Smi^*^ ^ '"°«* of

Ve'y ««»ful experiments have b««„ a ' "**•-*«• entirely

-V. „u.,. „, X ^ ^'S.7.^.r?^«t^-j;j Sir. '^ , u

"«sanod where a tre«

DfSECTB. FUNOOVS Dl8EA8E8,-TEaTED REMEDIES

u

which WM pMsed through the fomiffating house and been kept there for the pieMribed
40 minutes, ihowed e single Imng scale insect This plan is also appUoable for smaU
trees and fmit bushes out of doors, but on acoount of the sin and cost of the tenU
required for larger trees, as weU as their perishable nature and the difficulty of hand-
ling them on windy days, the expense of this remedy has prerented it from coming
into very extensive use. Where fumigating can be practised, it is perhaps the surest
remedy of all.

The hydrocyanic acid gas is Teiy deadly to aU animal life, and if applicable to
laige trees would undoubtedly be the best treatment of aU for the San Jo8« Scale.

Bjf an hon. member:

Q. Does it require the jse of a tent f

A. It require the use of a tent, and these tents are very perishable. The handling
and raising and folding of them, seems to destroy them much sooner than might be
expected from the use of ordinary tents. The spUshing of the sulphuric acid, which
sometimes takw pUoe when the cayanide is dropped into it. makes it boU up for a
moment, and if it faU on the canvas, it destroys the tent. On smaU trees and bushes
such a makeshift as an ordinary tight barrel gives exoeUent results. This is convenient
for use on rose bushes, gooseberry and currant bushes. Excellent work has been
done by Mr Fisher, in Ontario, with ordinary tight apple barreU with the cracks dosed
with clay. &c. Petroleum barrels are too heavj to handle. The apple barreU gave

S'Si^ait'iS^*'* *"***^ *"^ " *^' "^"°'' ***" ''" °° "«° °^ *" *°^*

These are the three remedies which I consider are practical if applied carefully,
wbale-oil soap, in the proportion of two and a-half pounds to one imperial gallonbf
water, and. when this soap is made with potash, it remains Uquid and can be used
through an ordinary graying nozzle. Crude petroleum applied as a mechanical mix-
ture with water, one-fifth of the whole mixture being oil, and fumigation with hydrocy-
anic acid gas for 45 minute*— for every 100 cubic feet one onnoe of cyanideof
potassium, one ounce of sulphuric acid and three ounces of water. The cubic contents
of the mclosure must be calculated and the gas generated to the required amount.

THE LOCOST PEST,— BBMBDT K» IT SISOOVBBED.

The outbreak of injurious insects which probrbly was of most importance from
th3 injury done last year, was of locusts or grasshoppers in Manitoba. This occurred
over exacdy the same area as during the year before. Owing to the phenomenal wheat
crop of 1901, in the west, little was known of the injury except in the locaUties where
tn3 loss was felt.

The announcement I wish to make now, is of a very excellent praotioal remedy
whi^ was discovered by a wideawake young farmer of Manitoba, named Mr. Norman
Cnddle, of Aweme. This gentleman, who is a student of natural hiatory, had noticed
in driving along the roads, that grasshoppers always coUected thickly wherever there
were any horae droppings on the road. The old remedy, whioh had given good rwults
m chedting the ravages of grasshoppers in California, via., a mixture of branand ParU
green had been used to some extent. This remedy, however, seemed to those who had
not tried it. such an unpractical remedy that it was difficult to get farmers to adoiS
It. especially when they had to pay $18 to ISO a ton for bran. Although very SectSe
It certainly was. with bran at such a price, an exceedingly costly remedy. When Mr'
Cnddle noticed that the grasshoppers devoured the horse droppings so Breedilv It
occurred to him to substitute that material for the much more costly bran. H^in J
collected a supply of this material, he poisoned it with Paris greenT and dUtribnterf
this around the edges of his wheat fields and secured most satisfactory zes 'ts W«
took an ordinary coal oil barrel, cut U in half, and put the two tubs thus i^d^ nn .
waggon, having fiUed them with the poisoned mixture. He then drov9 arouid tha

It

;" """•"'""'"' "" -"•-. „„.„,,,,,, ,^„^

«» it is very emaoinu. ^^."^ ^""^ ««en niake it « v«^ • ®*»*'y obtained

l-n.uadepj;irtSTir?nJ''"f '^'M '«'""* in « nTiW^uS^'r^* '*"*^' ""^^
tiy it. If u i8 used elrlv ^n?^u '"'^ P™«*'''"1 «medy 1^,1 ^ 'J ** «"> «°'y
proportion of ti c«,p 'i^ "fc!"f ^ i^ *»»« ««»«>n. wheTthe ehfef i±? ^"' """^ '''"
«riou8 injuries a,^-S« J u '"^^' ^''^n »«> bad grasshonr^l "^""y » done, a large

Visited his farm in thi S ♦ ^ "^ '•°'» droppings a^!!!!!, ^'"^ «^n and

the grasshoppew had «tK i^"/ "^'> *ind for two 1>V8 nr.f^**''***" '^'ng «1I
18 inches sJC I coun5,T?irj'^' "^ ""'« headla„-d ft ZllT'^n!!' "^ ^"•»' ""d
could not put yrurfoTw "V""'* «™«hopper8. WaUcinJ .K ?? " "«'* P«tch
eating the^p^f^^ '"* '""" "'^''-* touchingT^e ofThem ,?i^'S *''. •■^' ^«»
That shows th*. «„«^ *" **'■ '^yn* 'rom

ifanatSbiVaffai:'"* *'"^ °' *^^ ^-' *here

H not very much to be dane

on a

By Mr. WUeoti :

^y Jtf/. Wriyht:
Q- In Manitoba f
■A. Yes, in Manitoba.

^» Mr. Wilson:

^^ a: I ^ea^rrutTwlX Jef ^ ^""^' -«^^ «>- been better ,
tho grasshoppers get win« Thl T '°''°«' than it wasTDnlS •

1. Jast year. *^ '''°»'- ^^« grasshoppers got fully d^ew!?' "?"* *'"« before

• "^woped wings about July
By Mr. Qould:

Q. ^fore the wheat has headed out f

' "" ">an a quarter

rSSBTTS, FVNaOUS DtSEASE^.-lKSTbU REMKUIFH „

Any time before therg^tTheir wiL L Il'J. "'"'' "u"'* '^"' ^''^^ •"'^« ^•°»'-
then they can only hop^nd c^p 'XrltdTTh^v " "T"^ ""'' efficacious, because
cop because the/can'fly ea^^'f iomX t puL"" '° '^'' '"^"'^ ^^ '''^ '^^'''"'^
Q. From June 20 to July 1 is the best time then J

last. yJar."- '^"'" ■""'" "" ^'^ ''">' ^' '' « «"'« «"lier if the .ea.on is the same as
By Mr. Robinson (Elgin) :
^ ?■ I'^S.Zl '^Tk"* T !••". ^'"^ «««° ^°' destroying them ?
qudliVy ? * '"'"" *° •"**"' ""^'•'^ ^'•«» *»>« P"- «rreen made now is not of p„„,

years^'aj'tie GoTe^'menVtir^Ua^^ TaT f '^•"^' t '^ *"u«^- 'T'^- - '-
«nd, as a matter of f«.t toXv thl^ • ^"'"^ '"• ^*^*' *''•'' ™«"«'' investigated.

the name of Paris grLT^hiet is «duTte';ei""A''^r'^ "t °^ -"^^'''^^ ""d-

'^^%Tre%r^^--^^^^^^ under the name of

y. Are there inspectors under the hw ?

got in and ate it anil

f.tlen«l on it." " '° ' """' *'"' "•« l"XW

5y Jfr. lVt7«on ;

Q. What is the percentage of arsenic ?

A. I do not remember exactly, but it is about 56 per cent, I believe.
By Mr. Rosa (Ontario) :

farm^chlcke's! &t tX'rel *'" ""^^'^ '"•-"''* ""^ o^ «''- --als around the
A. No, I think not.

A T^n dangerous throwing poison around the place, you know
A. I do not think there .s any danger when applied as I haTsaid.

By Mr. Robinton (Elgin) :

woktJrf'hX'^n'S^eTfietdlSce^l o"!^ things

f'ven of chickens being killed by eating it "! °^ ""J" in-t-nce

Q. But there would be that daniror T thinV ;e .,

manure were uaed. ^' ^ '^ ^"'*' "'^■' °»«teri«l than horw

A. Possibly, some precaution* might hare to ht> tston ... u ■
up for a time • *° ** **''*°' •"«'' «• keeping them shut

II TBB ENTOMOLOQJBT A»D BOTANIST. BXPBRIMEXTAL FARMB

By Mr. WiUon:

?■ S*T ?"""• ^ ^ chMpett miztan f

A. So doubt, and mueh mora attractiTe to the grasihoppen.

HOW TO 8AV> aiMDEB TWINE FBOU BBLHO EATEJI OFF TH« SHXAT.

wa. ^*'S^/^?'!??"^ "^"^^ "^"^ *""»« "P '° these experimenta with grasshopper.,
Tn^Kw ' ■f^'^i? "^V*** *h« ™^^«'- -^ d»«««lty which is somet^s eS-
S ^t?Sru?».^'^°^f' !• *^* ^•'^ «"<*«*' and grasshopUnTSHhtS.
Sfl. 7 ^"^ .*** *^" " '^""'J »» *he field, and this i. a wnstant wurce S

il briie tolL^ ^t 1 Iw'*^*"^ *^*^''.' "°*"'« *'*^" •^*- They soaked their twine
«S to fi?2; *^ '"^ *^?* '* '"• **"*«" °°<* °'°" ""^Jy- They thereforekdd^

Pi^.^r T?^ ^'°'! """^ always add a pound or two of salt for every pound of

h ^a^t'i JS^'* ^ ^"'"^ ^^\ *^* '''°'*«' t'^'^* '^'^^ be protected by^oSd^
it in a solution of bluestone, two pounds to seven gallons of water. »"«»*

By Mr. Oould:

Q. I do not see how he couH soak it, the balla are rolled solid.

n »**'S. u ,, '" r*™ ''**«'• ^"^^^^ ♦hem for half an hour.

to d^* in Se ii " ^^ ^""'"* **'"" ^P °° the nul. of a fence

POISONINQ SPABROWS AND GOPHERS.

By Mr. Joktuton (Cardwell) :
«.ri?; o^*** he^*"«J^*'M« *hat question of poisoning insects, can you giro any sus^

^ ^ A. It i. dis«,lved in alcohol, and then after dilution with water, grain is soaked

?' V *he" not a danger that the chickens might get it f

A. Yes. There is danger of that, but it must be put out of their reach.

By Mr. Stewart:

Q. Large quantities of strychnine are used in Manitoba to poison the «,«>,»«

Ton need to uee it in very small quantities ; one two-hundred^ pm S fiiSJ 4"i

kiU a gopher. One grain of strychnine weighed in the druggist's Lies was^fnW

in water, and two hundred grain, of wheat were counted ^^ ffi 7n thl^ wr ^

A single grain of wheat was enough to kill a gopher. ^'

. /• .■"»«* °»»y aooomit for the failure of some of the experiments which have b«n

tned with sparrow. Tou see it frequently stated that at first a f ew Sa™. .,i

Po.«.ned, but the others soon learn, and will not after that touch C^STn hZ

i^^^T,":^ frequently that sparrows after a short time cannorbc^Li li

JS^iS ^ ^ir""" """ '~ •*''°*' "'^ '^^ *^**^**^ ^^ P'*^ «d wouli

mSECTB. FVVaOUB DIBBASES.-TEBTED REMEDIS8 U

By Mr. Johnston (Oardwtll):

Q. The difficulty we find is that the sparrows took the bran off the grain, the
sparrows would simply shell the grain and take the inside.

A. I think th^ would eat the wheat grains whole.

Q. There are some grains they will not eat They will not eat buckwheat whole,
and they will not eat oats whole. If you give them good wheat and oats th^ won t
touch the wheat, until they hare eaten the oats, which they will shell first I

A. I have notioed that, but they are very wise birds.

THK HESSIAN FLT.

The Hessian Fly did a great deal of harm in western OnUrio last year, but the
indications are that there will be less injury by it next year. Fall wheat sowing last
autmnn was for the most part done later than usual. This was strongly advised by
those who had studied the habits of the insect, and the beneficial results were very
mariced last autumn. Fall wheat sown late, in western Ontario, went into winter with
an excellent appearance, and I hare every hope that there will be a better crop next
season than there was last. There will be some injury, of course, b&jause the Hessian
Fly was very alrandant and the maggots were present in fields sown early ; but in many
instances the injury will probably be lees than in 1901. After a little while we shall get
back again to normal conditions, and this will be sooner than otherwise, if farmers
will only sow their wheat later, as a general rule.

By Mr. Bott (Ontario) :

Q. Does it attack the fall as well as the spring wheat ?

A. It does, and very much more than is usually noticed. The maggots live in the
shoots of spring wheat close to the ground, and you will find that instead of there being
4 or 5 stools to a plant there is frequently only one which sends up a stem. This injury
is exactly the same as is seen in autumn in fall wheat. The injury to spring wheat
which is most often seen, is at the second joint of the stem. The injury to the young
shoots is often overlooked.

By Mr. Bohinton (Elgin) :

Q. It attacks barley as well t
A. Yes.

By Mr. Boat (Ontario):

Q. Does it attack winter wheat in the fall ?

A. Yes. The egg is laid in September, and the maggot destroys the young ihoots
and passes the winter in them.

By Mr. Stewart :

Q. Is it in the flax-seed state f

A. Yes, it passes the winter in the flax-seed state, which is simply a grub encased
in a winter covering which is dark brown, and very much resembles a flax-seed.

Mr. Stewabt.— I remember getting one in the winter of 1899, and I did not know
what it was. We had it in parts of Manitoba in 1899.

The WrrHESa. — Q. Was that in spring wheat ?
A. Yes.

The WiTNEsu. W»ll :* _

«h.s fact limits very much th. nLi JJT* ^'^ •P'?'>« "h^'t is grown in £nitohI
there and increasing further to'^'olllnOr^ "^^^ «™'" e:S>&
It 1 tK"*/.:!" ^"^ °' occurrences ofXil^^^^^ :•?"•*»>*« '«" «^he.t i. grown,
and the other m the autumn. Where th^n^f!^!.!'^..'" u''^ ^"'' »"«' i" the spring
to Jay their egg, upon, the young maM^J! V!JjTh^''\''^' P'«nt8 for the females
grown m Manitoba, the femaleS d^tho m Si^^ ' ''"J' "" *''*'« » «« f'" whoa
nat,^ or cultirateJ grass that thi. n^t c-n f^* '"^ Ti ^* '^^ "«t know anv
^« ked for most carefully in districts Ski. !r^ •""• fiV*"*"*'' »»»«« have been
rjc, are the only plantn in this count J^u^^^'^^^T'^"- ^heaf. barley. «nd rarol^

two d!lJ,"* •'*'''"* P™^"'«° «f "'tuS SI^'^WH »'"^°*' are known to feed,
two broods in a year, is that there ar« «I-1? "^ "" '"^^^'t which has normally

t«o broods, there is only one brtKKl of som„ o/iu ^j- *•¥ "*'*<'t may nominally have
hat .hould appear late in th^T^^lnZoJ^^':'^'^^' • ^""t is. some of t W
has the effect of carrying the ^T:^cZ::r ^r: ^^J^^^^'^^^''- ^••'«' «' ~»^
of ihe Hessian Fly's first appearance in Mritoh- „ lu' '?*^ *^* remarkable feature
enormous numbers, over thrwholeToimrvT „„tJ^^ '''.'*. "."PP^^'^l «» -t once, in
nesota m my annual report of thenar be Wth '"''''1^°^' oeourrence in Min-
>ery similar to those which prevail In Manito^, A T""^"?"^ '" Minnesota are
«i. something of it. It probibly d d ocfu " 1 anticipated that we might

bad as in Minnesota, and was o/erJSkeT EtUnvTSLJ"- '?''' *»"* '"« "<>» -
of the extent of its injuries. Fortunatelv h2Z^r^''^l\ *" ^^' "^ -<«ount
there was no report of loss from the Hei'Jian FrC'^ar'irSfobt'* ^""^' ""'^
*y J/r. Ao6in.0tt {Biffin}:

A. That is always one of the cWef^uhL k '"'"J*"* ^""•
an.v pest ; there is such a smaH mat H o7 profit trtheT " " 'P^'''' °»*»'-«k of
ui.der such circumstances they cultivSe a much smdl J ., "f""" '" *'>"'' «^ork that
injured, or will not sow at all the next sea"n Th-t • "«".«V "rop which has be^n
next insect I want to speak of. which^is^d^g .^l t^.^tt^^^.^Ty.''''^'^

THE PEA WEEVIL.

By the Chairman:

Q. That is the pea bug ?

A. Yes, that is the common name for it M #
will not sow peas again on account of the Pea WeTvifS!" k"' ""'^ '"y'"« that they
m my experience. The remedy is so simple thai Xt is rn"' '"'?" *"PP«°«d beSS
thi. step, and there is no excuse for farmers not ta^ii '1^ """''*'" °° "«ed t^r
loss from this pest. "°^ taking better precautions against

n§MOTB, rUSaOVB DIBEABaar-raBTED MMMEDIBH

If

BBMBDY.—Th»n it the waU known remedy of fumigeting the teed with bi-
mlphide of oarbon, hj whidi the seed pees can be treated in an easy way, which any
fanner ean use, and whieh is perfectly satisfactory and effectiTe, and yet many fanners
•re talking of going ont of the eultiration of this most important crop.

By Mr. WHton:

Q. Yon might give us the method of applying that remedy t

A. I wilL The pea crop is far too ralnable for farmers to give it up without a
great effort being made to sare it All the krge seed merchants should, and may have.
< buarins howes,' as they are called, where the seed peas are treated, and all the insects
inside them are deatroyed ; but I feel sure that th^ are not using them as much as
they naed to do. On msking inquiries, I am told that the best firms treat their seed as
carefully as they did a few years ago, but I cannot think that this is the case, for pea
seeds are constantly being sent in to me by farmers with requests for adyioe as to the
way to kill the insects before sowing. Farmers should refuse to buy from firms who
will not treat their seed, or in other words, who put the farmer to the expense of doing
this work for them, and yet charge the fuU price for the seed. Weevilled seed peas are
the chief means by which the insect is introduced into fresh districts, and this was
undoubtedly the way in which the Pea Weevil was imported into Canada. The remedy
as advised is quite reliable, and I urge its more goieral adoption on seedsmen and
groweis alike, as the best means to prevent the great loss which takes place every year
from this cause. The work should be done as soon as possible after the peas are
harvested. Thresh early and treat the seed at once. As a rule the weevils pass the
winter as fully developed beetles inside the seed ; although in some seasons many
may leave the pease in the autumn. Early treatment of the seed not only destroys
more of the insects, but does so before they have eaten so much of the seed, as is the
case if the fumigation is not done until spring. For seedsmen who have large quan-
tities of seed to treat, 'bugging houses' are necessary. These should be specially
built for the purpose, away from all buildings and outside of towns.

HOW TO APPLT THI BUODT, AT HOME.

For farmers, many of whom use their own home grown seed, there is an easy
method, which I have described in several of my reports. This oonsipts of placing
any quantity of seed up to 5 bushels, in an ordinary coal oil barrel, which will hold
about that quantity nicely, and then pour on top of the seed, or place it in an open
saucer, 1 ounce of the bi-sulphide for every 100 pounds of seed ; cloae the barrel
tightly and leave it dosed for two days. Bi-sulphide of carbon is a colourless liquid
with a very unpleasant odour, which vaporises readily in the ordinary temperature of
the atmosphere in autumn. The vapour is heavier than the air, and consequently
it sinks down through the peas in the barrel, and as it is very deadly to all insect life,
it will in the time mentioned, 48 hours, penetrate through the skin of the pease and
destroy all the weevils in the seed.

Q. You have to do it immediately after harvest to prepare the seed properly for
the next year \

A. That is the best time.

By iht Chairman:

Q. If the seed peas are buggy, they would spread the pest t

A. Certainly ; but this insect is limited in the area where it propagates. Two

or three years ago there was a large quantity of high class peas sent to the Almonte

district to be grown for seed, because that district is outside the area wirare the Pea

Weevil occurs naturally. Peas are a crop which can be grown in many districts where

F-3

li

r« ^TOMOLo,u,T .« ,orA.,.r. «,.™.^„,, „,^,

the bug docM uot occur. W1ipi» it a.^
wftere no precaution, .re taken. ^ """* ^ *° »*»» "tent cleaner than

Sy Hr. Smith (Wentworlh):

«dopt « !««, compelling ererZZ' to Zft^\u^ municipalities or a province would

^ ,^^-;^1nT" ^dllj?^^^^^^^^ V- '"^ ^- ^-^' — in«. can

eradicated by stirring Hp Wery f.^e/wL^'*™'^ established that it will only b^

«.!] h,m seed doing the Mme, or r^fu^To S f«! Tu ^ """^ ■""« °n thow who
who do treat their «eed properly be};^ l^inZ '*""' '"' ^^'^ "« ««-"«l fi"«^

v- II one crop ig dean will »i,^ ._ •■

A. Te,. it wilt to some extent """" "°'"" '"^^ """'h*' f"™ »

5y J^r. Robinson (Elgin):

A. lJi-8uIphide of carbon.

W- ^ It not dangerous for fire ?

-medies/so "s Z p^venTtj" TuTK! 5° ^™\«*«»* the danger, of any of the«..
caution. I would not fum gSe p^a J 5?? hT ?"* *•*'' «="" »^ "*«d wiZmierate

a'o noS '"" t:'^!''"^^ Sie^eTno ?ear :f7;e " Th"e °' '"""• ''^ ""<»- " --" ^
ao no light must be brought near it when the wIT i/^fn^Tn; " '"'^ -A^nimable.

By Mr. Smith (Wentworth):

crop r;^iningp„''J^^^^^^^^ t'^Soil'lZ'^^l^ ^ -^ Httle chance of hi.
A. J,ot at first perhaps in an infested SHnlk . • ^™''. P'^aution ?
Q. It IS veiy li.tle use for one famer tn •* ' ^V '* ''""''^ t«» 'n time.
, . A. That is true. United actiorTl ! ^° **' ""''^"^ ''is neighbours also do it ?
.ring it before this Comm Uee S k^"l "^T*"^' ""*^ »»"'* is the "S til T
iK'cause there is an enormous amounToficT'^V"^ '^""°» "bout it eve^ year
proposing to give up the growing rsucha"^',i ^ "" ^^'^ '"''y *«> aee f^rm"«
taking action it would be possible in tTme ev«„ ^ ^ *'"V' P««* ^^^en by eyeryK
the Ontario Government entomolS,tTs low V"^^ '^ ^' °«t- P™f- iS^d
bringing the matter bofore the c^uLL^^ discussing with me the best ^n of
action taken in the m.tter 4^^!^ tZ'STJ^I^''' '^ I^' '' P-^ to^
pea 1. the only kno,vn food of the insect. ^°^ '"""^y- ""d the cultivaS

^V the Chairman:

ISHEVTH. FlXaOlH lUtlEAHEti.-TliiiTtU UtOIHUlEH

a

Q. Would it not poiinon the pea» f

A. Not at all. the bi-itulphule vaporiwM entiHv and very quickly Th« v.nonf.
jn««t be confin^ for two day. even ,o kill th. w.vvil,. Sir Jly'^r^p.-n the 1^7
U.0 fumes go off and the seed shows no traee of it.

isMiie - !l!!..^^rK"n !^•"''.i"' r"? *'' ''?*^'*'"^ Smportanee for the uovernment to
XabVh^j;lS 7'^ '^" '"formation which you have about it ? It i, mo.t
valuable information, and you could Ret it directly to the farmer by mailing it direct.
A. I believe it would be very useful.

♦I,n S: u " ''"i'*'*'" ''"' P'^P«'«1 containing all this information bearing dirw-tly on
the pea bug and sent to every farmer, it would. I believe, have a beneficial effect f
and asked STI^IA'^ '!'"' -me idea of doing something. Prof. Whead wrote
and asked if I would co-operate with him in a campaign against this in.*cct. Thi. I
gladly consented to do.

Bv Mr. Gould:

Q. I think the great difficulty in treating seed peas is that thev have trented
mich'^riater"""*^ "°* "^'" ''"' previous harvest, and then the difficulty was v.ry

A The chief reason that the weevils have not been killed more systematically in
the autumn IS because farmers do not thresh their peas immediately after harvesting
the crop. They usually postpone threshing until some convenient time during the
winter. Of course, it would be far better if nhey would thresh at once after har>-esting.

W. It would be a gocxl thing if the farmers would thresh at all events enough for
seed and save it. As things are now, we are losing one of our best crops i

A. Yes. *^

Mr Smith rWentworth).-It was exactly the same with Black Knot and Yellows
on our fruit trees ; we secured legislation to permit a township to pass by-laws for the
k '.^ ""^;,;'«*'°'^ '° «"« township of Black Knot, and in one year we entirely cleanJd
It out lellows, the same way. and we will clean out the codling moth in the same
«/Tk ^t°" * T ***V *'»"' ''^*' " " ""ch easier and more simple thing to get rid
of than either of those I have mentioned. The only effective way in which it can be
?.» tJt ^ l^«"^lation enabling municipalities to pa«i a law to compel everyone to

fumigate peas. That would be easy. Your ciroulating bulletins would be educational
but only perhaps one fanner in twenty will fumigate his peas, and the weevil wlU
spread from his neighbour's property and he will be discouraged ?

.„ pf'/^'f '-r^ 'T' '*"•* ^ ''"«'': «"<! >■«« J'°«^. Mr. Smith, it is rather difficult
to get any legislation about insects, through the Ontario House just now.

By Mr. WiUon:

Q. It will not be next session f

A. Remember the matter is not properly understood by all. You see nublie
opinion has not been educated enough yet, and that is why the Chairman's su^irestion
18 a good one. •"^n^imu

By the Chairman:

Q. How would it do if the government would have stations for the fumigation
and an officer in charge ? «»»"HS»iion

A. I think the crop is of sufficient importance to warrant that.
. ^^'' ?."!? (Wentworth).-It is so easy to do it, the farmer can fumigate the neas
nght m his bm and leave them there. It is a matter of such little difficulty and ZTt
that It would be no hardship to them to be compelled to do it.

F— 2J

If ,

B]f Mr. Johtulon (Cardwett):
Q- As I undentarif) u j

A. u «»u,a . . „. ^ ,^. ,.. ^^^^ ^ J- - - .» -a

^» JTr. 5o«, (Victoria)

is rery injurious in Nova fWi« ^ "^ * ^''P*'- ^ ^^^e seen it TJ,« Ri , ^
which is nH«t to l^ S^n i C^>^ '^'° "^"^ Pe^apsTomar? Th ""^ ^^
he sees it on the tr^ Thi' " ^ "^^^.^f ""* "^ «he knot by erei^^^ TJ* '^^^'^y*
here recommende^Tamel tr^fjfc?/^"^^ "^ °"0,t /seTn^oS wa«?r"*'
-cent they appear, xi' ^^ ^ 'S^^-hnrCSf^-r^ W^

iKMtcTa. rmaovM aittiaii.-naTiD umidhh m

Bit Mr. MeOowan:

Q. What are the remedies he proposes f

A. It would not tnke many minuteii to read the whole thing.

"MINICII'ALITY OF VICTORIA. NOVA SCOTIA."
To the Fruit Growen of Victoria.

spore, wben ripe are carried In the Mrhr.^mm.r^ .1? °?"''' "''e* «>' ■Pores. These

faHIng upon thr«urface of ^uo brtnS? K?m°Mtl an/JinS^ll."'! ^L ^^^ ''">''• "<»•

through the bark Into the jrrowInK rlnz of .Sft wo^^^ filaments or roott

As the Heason aOvancerthe kloU tun, SlLr ?2r^t !.m^ and form anothe.^ knot.

Thus it is seen :—

J5!J 15* !^. •'""■" ■'• '"^ ^^ "* «>o«»'Wy 'o"' Mmes a year •

The most adTanced method and as oractisMi 'bv 'w r> Aiv<kik_<j n

'Mj: "p^i; i^ ^'T "'"^^ '° ^''^ fSi" KcTta ?h7ipring't«Kf!?e'?r,^! '*'"'«»'

with a edlntlon of caustic potash. T^ls is not GiSetea iVi <» -«.^ f *''*j5«Te» "tart
must «ot be used except after the leaves have f*uS as u wm ^^ri'^h T".'." °"«°™
intention toy fall spraying, is to promote general cteKiifnes. f™m -S ^ the foliage, r" e
ciaMy to klU the Invisible seed spores ttit have ta tte s^ml «?" Parasites and ..pe-
embryonic Wack knot on the plum b«rk ot bndl- 2,4 bvX -hSLI"*""!'* ^"^^^ «»e
*L*«'^.*" «?», of -pores before they rijS^Vnd luiemf^S^l?'^^ "'•JL'**'"''^
cirltivatlon and feeding of the soH it H«,IVrfme ficSMn^Malnfw T^^JT^ ^*^

for?h7^^"ca'o;rsj.i*a'*d"j£Li\rf«S'' SiL^t^LTr'- '» «-««»

about ten cents per pound. parasmc ruugi. caustic potash is worth In balk

tt THE ESTOMOLOarST AND BOTAMST, EXI'ERIMESTAL FAHMS

.tro;«^ron7SLnonw^";IlL^^^^^ It n,., be u.ea a.

of the apple or pJum trees. "«Mied with a brash or mop to the trunks oaiy,

H. PKBCY BLANCHARD.

Baddeck, Victoria County, Inspector of Black Knot.

Octobe' iOl.

Nova Scotia at any rate of mafcJn? . *.° ^^"^ °"'"*'' »* J»»d the effect, in

n.ight have left tSir o ^h/r^^.^,^^^^^^ --tbi'* where otherwise tkly

subject bearing on the welfare of -n.^?,* The stirring up of an interest in a

Ro«8 has exhibit^ this posJen ' '* '""^' '° '^"''^* '° "^^''y- I «" ^bd Mr.

im

THE HESSIAN PLY,— HOW TO GET HID OF IT.

By Mr. Bobinson (Elgin):
?■ Sf"'ii.^"u'^ *°*'"'*^ "°* P'^^ent damage by the Hessian FIv ?

tember 20. when 37 b'sherwas the a^arrn n'"''"" ^''V "'''' ^^^^ ""*" ««P-
conditions. That was only a loss of seven h2.^'7'u ^'^^'^^'^ ""'^^ favourable
in sowing, and the advantage of an inc eased In l-'l'*'''* ^u' " ^^'"^ °^ «» »°°»h
early when there is no ReisianmyT^'^i 1? 1 "*'u''1" ^ P™^"*^^ ^y sowing
by the Hessian Fly in years when that ivlt " T '"'l""""^ "^^ *1»« !<>«« «««««?

in most liable to at^ack-the yotS^ puL Teini^r/Sr' 5^""^ '"'^ «°"" ^J^^^*
when the female flies appear Xrefore tb«^ •. °°°'*'t'«° *« ^eeeive the eggs
sufficient growth can beTde for t£ you^g p^^^^^^^ '""^ •^"^'•' ^ »-^^»

bcHt and most reliable way to secure a cmn i, In!. ^, * ** ^^^ '''°*^'^- ^ Relieve the
tember. to delay until theVd S sTpteX^r at anv' rat« r'"'"*^ ""^ **^* «"* °^ Sep-
present, when the Hessian Fly is r^pTnt F^^^Lt „^^^^^^^ " P^^od «uch as the
much later than September 1, with good result, Tn t^! ^ ^ T° "* °**«^" ^^^^
early winter does not allow it 'to mJkfsuffident grew^ ^"""' ^"* ~'«"'°°«"y ««

£» Jfr. 5oM (Ontario):

«. Where does it germinate, if there is no wheat ?

in August^InX^emtJ'^C^ritaXlX ^S^^^"^' ^^« ^-'- -me out
on any young whea^ plants th^f are TrowU !t tbp • "^ "\'"°" "'' ^''^^ «"«'^.
the end of September before sowing the&l aS hI Tw '^"t' ^^ '^"^^'"sr until
That is the idea of sowing late '^^**' '^^"'^ *•>« wheat comes up.

By Mr. Robinson (Elgin):

y. It turns yeUow ?

nfSBCTS. FUN0OL8 DISEASE8,-TESTED REMEDIEH «

By Mr. Stewart:

attrck;d^'"* "'""''^ ^ '^ """^^ *° 'PP'^ •" '^ ^«t 'here spring wheat is

al«o t™!:,'^: Ta^^aft'fhthtr ""'"" ''"'' '""^'"^ °"^ *'^ ""^"«' "^'^
Q. Or feeding it ?

A. Yes, feeding, if you can feed it all before gr ring.
VI. Ihat IS preity well done now.

or hZ ,f ■ ' ! ""' 'f "■»"• "»" I«»Pfe. •!.« followed the .<!.£. S .„J M

y. These instructions were sent out pretty fully ?

A. They were and they were very well carried out, too. 1 may siv this for fl.P

all stubble before the young locusts hatched, and the applyina of remediprf TaZ^.^
were very carefully attended to, and exceli;nt results foll3 ^ ''^^"^'

By Mr. McOowan: .
Q. What locusts were those. The ones that are due next season ?

not really a locuJt'^at Uf* Tt ''°" "^^"' '• \*\^ ^-*^""«^ "-y™' l°«»«t' 'l>i«h is
Z^l 1^ • '°^"** ** '^'•, It* proper name u the harvest fly or Cicada. It has never
ZTjf '" Canada and we are not likely to be troubled with it. a though it wTll
probably appear m Michigan and might come over our borders.
y. In western Canada ?

for vtkI'liU" °" 'f ^*.*^*'^ " «»"«»? life history ; the larval period actually lasts
for years, and the perfect insects occur in swarms, or pretty regulariv at ~«r ^7.^
17 years. An occurrence of the inaect is due nexi yea^r in sSm iSchTga^ b^f
we have never found it, as far as I am aware, in Canada, so I do nJ^antTcipate'that
we shall have any serious trouble. anucipate tnat

THE PEA WEEVIL.

By Mr. Rosa (Ontario) ,

Q. To return again to the pea bug, a number of farmers declare that the neas thpv
sow are free of bugs, and they have the idea that the bug remainsIS he soU aTwintr
and comes out in the spring to attack the peas ? ^"^

A. That is a mistake ; it does not remain in the soil, but it is a beetle which flies
with great ease and can come from a considerable distance. It flie. to the fiSd whet
the peas are in bloom, or a little later, and lays its eggs on the young pod? When the

observed that they feed on the young plants. The eggs are laid on he ou ide of ihe
podi, and the grub when hatched eats iu way through the pod into the neTr^fiSd

(I

I ( :
• f

I I

o nr-n . '"*"* ■°<* <»"*J»oo««« "ui in other hidin*

A T S« °"*''*^ the pea ?

Place nearPicton.'thTL!L*;?'wff4 I'f^SS'lj S;"^ ''''^r ^'^ ^'^ «*> -t a
dead m enomona muaben xmA^^t 2^ "^ ^ moment, I found the PeiTWeeTn
to pa«i the winter. TheX^Ji^i*^* •*'' •.•*■"' ^'^^'^ theylad ^o^
l^k me to «« th«n. «d KSaTtiSt^ V" * ^T^''**" •'^ the^gentfeZ^^^
W evidently eme^jed in the autom, Td h^ £^1^!!^ ^"^^ °'«'J>«" of tC
wbich induces this early emergenTk '.^* ^^° ^^ ^^ *^« ^i°ter. A aewra
»ay of the beeUe. will be dSS^ biol^^t^IT °^' '^'"«' ^^en they do^f

tields in the epnng and sown with the «e«d. ^J^ ^ ^^ ""^ *^n carried to the
United action i. no doubt the p^^^S 7^ f ^"f"' '^^ ^^' th« next^ro
^ m the way I have .tated S a«^' i u 4^ '•™«'* ''o-W fumigate JKir
"UunoiM insect destroyei "^ *^ ^""'^ '^ ^<»»« -''d large nurnb^™ of t£,

*''T nF'"" "^*'°^ S'iL Sr? •^°" *• '^ • -olW ~P over then, in the pea ;
Q. Then how do they get it ? »

• long tune, ev«n if it were closed w bee«n.r?i?u'* 7°'*^ ^ P^^i^le for us to iK* fbr

A. i'bS.""" " " ""° " ■•" "• •«- 1 i. . b«u. „ . „.a, ,

THB FIA HOTR.

p~ ».^tt. «.».d.. .^^ ,.^ ""«- If tt:irK:s?tbSs s.i°°i^

tysECTS, Fvvaova disbasbs.-tested HKutntBa

HousB or Commons,

Committee Room 34,

Weonksday, April 2, 1902.

The Select Stending Committee on A«riculture and Colonization met here thia
day at ten o'clock a.m., the Chairman. Mr. Legris, presiding.

Dr. James Fletcher, Entomologist and Botanist, of the Dominion Exnerimental
Farms, was present by recall, and submitted the following evidence :- *'^"°'^''**^

THE SAN JJSE SCALE. — REMEDIES.

fc^.J^'' ^^"™'"' and Gentlemen. I would remind you that there has been rather a
L?ttt n ' U ?»f • ) \r^ '^\^t'' ^'^^'^ P"'* °^ "'^'"^ I »>«^« to say before the Com!
S xWt ml IdU r ^'^"y.r*^*^« S"" ^-^ Scale question, showing that, although
tma insect must still be considered the worst insect we have ever had to deal with the in-
vestigations by provincial and federal officers have been attended with a irta^n amount

alllough not thoroughly satisfactorjr, are so hopeful at any rate, that we may before

™! fw '' "T ''^t'^l''' "^^'^ ''*" ^ satisfactory to all con«med. In the mea™

tZ^ ""^'^r ^^'*:*' '^P""* °^ «P"y^°« *!»« ^^ 'itl^ «™de petroleum or with

v^ialesjil soap or fum.gating them with hydrocyanic acid gas, are givSg paX LX

n^i",'?'^ l^'^^ ^°'' "^^ ^™'* ^^^^'•^ *« know what thes^ remedief are^hS arl
.U detailed in the report of the Division of Entomology and Botan^ printed in the
J^mt^LT'^.l ^'^T «^rimental farms for last yean The eff J'of^l^g'Vi^
h^ of whale-oil soap and crude petroleum will be beneficial for many ot^

.sects and fungous diseases than thosewhich I have indicated. The applSition of
these remedies to trees, however, will require a certain amount of care and KX
and every effort is being put forth to help the farmers and fruit grower? to^SS
Jl^!5r'r*« T*""/^^ '^ " to obtain satisfactory results. Now, as to the area in-
fested by the San Jos6 Scale in Canada, the general statement may be made that there
tl^^ °° ereat increase of those areas which were infested last year, although the
insect has increased somewhat within those areas, and we have reason to believe that
if the measures which have been advised and are being carried out by the Ontario
Government are maintained, no increase in this insect will be reported Moreover
great care has been taken by the Federal Government to prevent further 'introductiou
into the country of infested nursery stock, and the spread of the insect by this meann.
At the same time the provincial government is fully alive to the necessity of watching
It carefully and continuously. Ontario is the only province where the scale occurs
The provincial inspectors of orchards and nurseries are doing their work in an excellent
manner, and I believe everything possible i» being done to stamp out this pest

TBI PEA WEEVIL.

The insect of next importance in Canada, and of which I «poke at some lenirth .f
the kst mating of the Committee, is the Pea W^vil. better known under the name of
the 'Pea Bug.' I do not hesitate at all to say that this insect i. far more afrdant
than ought or needs to be the case. Its habits are thoroughly weU known, and articles
pving the best remedies have been published from time to time, in the newananen
in the government reports, and the reports of thia Committee, aa well m in aU the

y 4

I«it

m

I

I.
j.i,

I

■ffncnltural papers But *

of it8 1™ ^u' K i^ '*• "«^ ^to the fomin, iJe^»r? ^ ^ •°<^ t'»«° attacks
ceneml -,i • i 'o««st becomes full rrown »«j * '*'^'^ tusappeaps. In

wMmmsm

w^mlled pease are injured in a vitd l^^tt^ *° '"^"'^'^ ""^""I- Many of Sh«
these circulars are sent out. I hone hv fK • ' ^ *®"°' *°<* <*o not grow at^ Wl!.

m«n to do wLtTs^? Jtif tr/ Tk"* ^"™^» *<> think^t h is ^^^o'"'"**', ^°°'~

SPRAYDJO.

Bv Jfr. Wilton:
A. In the United States and in Canada.

INSECTS, FUXaOUa DIBEAaB8.~TESTED REMEDIES „

Q. How long ago ?

A. Parhape 18 or at most 19 yean. Tt ... .j . j ..
gteaaire men 14 or 16 yeara airo .nH «!^ uT T" •<*2Pte<l l»ro pretty widely by nro-

Q. We adopted it'vt:^'?:; "ffaJnT''^ " '^' ^"'^^^ «'•*«" * "^^ befoS^thS:
few -PraySV^^^y 1 JS:,^^^^^^^ O^ cour« there were at first

•o satMfactory, spraying pumps were Setlo^^^ *^* '^^^ ''««' "^^^"^ to »>«
panada some of the very best Lde Mri"^ "v** «iproTed till now we hare in
Scale who has had wide ^T^rfeTc^ in Xu worfm^d: TT. '"^*"' '' ^an Jos^
considered, the best spraying pumpsrtilj lu Sj^L ^%'****°'f "^"^ ^^ »>«
manufactured in Canada, the SpramotJr p5mn ^nA^i, a ,«""'t"*^«"' *•" t''"
wcellent pumps doing their work^markab^wS m These are

^^^ M.„ ^„.u >. ^ .vz^ .^^^T- idlrfei-lrs
"^^^iiX^^y.f'^^^'^'^^'-S!^ r *' «"' '" *«

•praying pump at that time "*"' "'t^o"«li it was done with a

^culture, the HiuUS Mn^t; V^T^'%Vi' '""^ •''«^«°* ^'""t" ^^^
adopted the method syatematicsilv inT ? °^ J^® ^"t men I knew of who

advanced fruit groweT« wella* a ^^^^^^^ '^^'^ '^^"i- He has always been an

Q. That IS, la the province of Quebec ?

A. In any part of Canada.

Q- I was speaking of Ontario ?

It was a thing that e:cplained UsJirand^t^i theTJu ^f ^^f^f ""'^^ ^' ^*^«"-
that now it is a recognized part of every tndtl^^.Tl ■ "S?^ '"'* »<» 9'"«'^y
can to-day certainly expect good resXfro^h^I^ S^"**"'' .^^^"^ ^^^ S'ower
but without it he can noTore^S«t good r^S^h^^f.!*"? *°^ T"* '^ 'P"^°«'
his orchard. The effects are so remarkablf tht/ ,r ^•^^"'^t oianuring or cultivating
who sprays regularly, reaps a l^neTof 75 ' r^L^^^ ^"i ^ J'^tly said that the m^
man who does not spray As a proof of tWs Mr n W «*i"V^^^' «"P °^" the
wiccessful and well-known apple ship^r who mJf« •- ^^"P^^'^' o^ Montreal, a

class hand-picked apples, to EngirTwhilh h^^?^^^ '^''^^^ °°'> fi"t-

over and over again that he does not now when buvinT Z ' ''^' '*^' ^'^ *«« me
not spray, because he knows he cannot^t theS ' A r^^nT T\ *° ^^^^ '^'^ ^^
his trade, from people who do not spra? HnhatL H Vh ' «« "^^^^a-T for
first-class fruit ; he has men in England whTknoi^ n. ^ ^J''^' ""'^ »'^^ '»' it
«nd a single bad apple in these cSti He alerts his Z; ^"'i ^^ ^-^-^^t afford to
carefully pack eveiy apple, and he probabir«te twL ,L nS ""V^J^^ P'°*^ °"' «°'^
Q. He gets more than twice f ^ ^'"'^ P"** "^ ordinary apples.

A. Probably he does ; hat, at any rate, he gets twice as much.
By Mr. Cochrane:

Q. He gets the benefit, not the farmer who anni^ k-
particularly ? . ^ ine larmer who sprays, because he picks the applet

A. He also give. . better price to the farmer who grows the fruit

1

'U THE KVT0M0L00I8T ASD BOTASIST, EXtBHtMEyTAL t^AHMS

By Mr. Wright:
Q. He gives the retnlts to the fanner.

Bf/ Mr. Cochrane:
Q. I would like to hare his likeness f
whii;ete^;we?price'"'*• '"' '* -^^o-^^^^ di-c.rd. a great many apples.
By Mr. MeEwan :
A* ??JS® '■™" **** ■.«*^ ^"^ ^^*" *^ey P'ck apples like that f

THE PEA WEEVIL,— RElfBOT.

I repeat that thpr 31 Ti.-K- f' -^ ^''T' " ^Tactical remedy which aU can use.

to use. and requires no special apparatus, is the foUowing!- ' * " ^"^

±'ut into an ordinary coal oil barrel five bushels of peas : the barrel will i„.f >,«M

W^ulpUdc of carbon i. ..fficieM ,„ de.,J.y .«^ Ct "wtk." ^ Z°^^
tl»t » „Me.«.t, ,, to put th. b.™l i, . ,hed ow of door., Jl pM «., bSohuS
m . ™.ll ,o»el on the top, or pour It directly oyer the pees, then rot . ,.ok mr\t

!?^'.; ?tlsr " **""• '~*"" " " •"»«' ■■ "^ "" P« ^.rtl « Xtt

£y Ifr. Wright:

Q. That is, cover over the barrel ?

^ ^' ^^''JL- ^°? VP^^''^ ^"«1 ««i^tly- When the bi-sulphide vaporizes it n«.
duces an exceedingly inflammable gas which will ignite if a fire or fl-T ^

lighted cigar is brought near it. That is why it should t done in an out SZ """TJ
but there is no doubt that with proper care this work canrdone witrout^l^^ '^

By Mr. Wilson:

Q. Why not do it out of doors t
A. In a shed out of doors.
Q. Why not in the open air ?

weathir.^* " "*'* °**'*""'^ *** ^^^ ^^ ^'^' '*"* *^* '^^ ''""" ^^^ ™° ««• « wet

nrascTB, fvsqovb dibeabeb.-tested remedies

n\

Bif Mr. Cochrane:

Q. Would that be any good without the whole of the farmers in the community
adopting It f

i. Yea, I think ao.

Q. My experience last year was that I went forty miles to get peas without any
bugs in them, but my crop was just as bad with bugs as any of my neighbours f

A. It was probably a very great benefit. Your action probably made people think.
Before you came in, Mr. Cochrane, I maintained that every man should do what he
ctnld in these matters, and others would follow hie example.

Q. There are as many bugs in my peas as in the peas of any of my neighbours ?

A. It takes some time to get these measures adopted generally. I cited, for
insUnce, that spraying was only introduced about 17 yeaw ago, and now it is adopted
all over the country. The results are so good from fumigating peas, and you have the
utiafaction of knowing that there are no bugs alive in your own seed peas ; so, any
bug! that attack your pea crop must come from some other farm.

Q. What satisfaction is that to you if you lose your crop f

A. You only do that for a year or two, at first It is a matter that is being
agitated, and an effort is being made to get everybody to do it.

Q. Would it not be better to educate the people on that line to have it adopted
gnnerally ?

A. We are trying to do that ; that is the reason I am bringing the subject before
the Committee.

.?y Jfr. Wright:

Q. If the peec were threshed as soon as possible after being harvested, they would
be free from weevil ?

A. They would have the weevil, but it would then be very much smaller than
left alive till the winter.

Q. I didn't think that would be the effect at all ?

A. Ym ;^ the grubs would have attained considerable sixo before harvest. The
Pea Weevil is a beetle which flies to the crop and lays its eggs early in the season,
and the grube grow all the summer. Because you sow seed \djich is free from weevil,
that is no certain guarantee that you will not have some weevil in your peas ; but I
maintain that if one man will take proper precautions, others will do so also, and that
the henefit gradually will increase. The very talking about it, the very bringing up
of this discussion, must do good, because it brings to the notice of people the fact that,
when you take every precaution, good results will follow ; and, although at first a
man may not succeed because others do not take these precautions, etill the mere fact
of his doing so will induce others to adopt the same measures, and in this way the
practice will become much more general ; then the effects of the work will be more
marked, and I see no reason at all why this pest should not disappear entirely.

By Mr. Cochrane:

Q. There is an idea prevalent in our country that if everybody gives up the
raising of peas, and none are sown in the country for a few years, the weevil will
disappear ?

A. That is probably true ; but we cannot do without peas ; they are too important
a crop. The crop of the whole country would have to be given up. The beetles can
fly a long distance ; and 30 or 40 miles would be nothing for an insect to fly.

Bp Mr. McEwen :

Q. It would not fly that in one spring.

A. Undoubtedly. Have you ever noticed the rate at which an insect fliea. If yon
notice when you are travelling in a railroad train you will see butterflies sailing along*

HI

A. Au uutanoe of the mpidUty Jith 2S^^ -^ "' •• y»n "V t
«««it rapid diftrib«ti«a^£h tL^l^lL"^^ *^ •»"«» " "^owW by the
many ye«« hM <l-troy«lTX «bJS. fntlT^!^ ^'^^ ButteriirrhiS to

•KmIo, on Eooteaey Lika in R-jf^iT/^ i *^?^*"** •' 0«lg»nr, tad later in ifiao ^i
on V«,cou.er IdSdTbS S fSSll wl""J^^ ^* J^dTS^irtlu^t tC.pSri
c-hbege. from one «d ^^'12^^*/^^^,?°*. «S the c.terpill.n"^.'/^^^

ordinary Canadian fanner ie toW^Ttim.?!- ^"'^ **"" " needecUnd if Ae
Th,ch wiU enable him to sare . I«™f „!!"*5'°« ? * P^^^w*! n*ta«, ^n li done!
he oanally doe. what i. .u^^t^TSKZ ^' "'** "' ^- »«« 'mporStnt ,^
•enerally. and I think thaV?e sSlI ilt!x!i '"•, ^T *" «"* ^«»^»' ""edies adopS
tho matter before the ComStto^ '^ "^ "'"*'• ^~» *^" opportunity of b^g
Q. You do not wet the peM bef o„ famigating them f

A.' Ym ^"** ^"* "» the dry hard PCM ?

By Jfr. Kidd:
1 ?;:ft "°"^' ^""^ ^«'^« *^- - t^ barrel f

By Mr. Coehrane:

there any known remedy to kill the bu« an^T . r. * *" '''"ter till the sprinir ia
A. That i. the eSt of the «m^ "test ^T ""ft* ?« ^ '^^^^r'
out of one pea and then attack anotJS -^JlnWti^l^u ^'^ ^^^ <1« ""t come
when they are email grubs and the^ if|Jr^VnTL?^^r ^'' ^"^ *he pea 1
directly after harvest mueh less hann^ doS^ ^^*- ^^ P«« «« fumigated

By Mr. Kidd:

1 l^^BuA^""*^ *°/"*"^ *^^ P«" '"^ the barrel f

A, No. But you can fumigate them as weU in bin* -nJ • i

I only mentioned a barrel becaa<« it is an easy wai for^^i"* ^*T' <l"»tities ;

gate his own seed. Th«re is a big seed haa^ Z%iZ • <*^^?»^ f*nner to fumi

where they treat hu .f bushSsTa SmTi^^a ^'SX^bSHf ^J-^d Oo,^.

this matter fully in r , rtport for 18W. '*"■ ''P^*"^ huilt chamber. I treated

By Mr. Cochrane:

Q. Can it be done in bins as effectively as in h-rrels f
A. Yes, if the bins axe tight ^ « ^Ji n rreis i

ntB^CTB. FDXOOCB DISMA8S8,--TMBTMD MMMEDISB
Bw Mr. Kidd:

Q. But you do not need to mote the barrel* if you do them that ww f
A. Wo.

By Mr. Rohin$on (Elgin):

Q. How monh do you use f

A. One ounce to a hundred pounds.

By Mr. Wright:

Q. What it the name of the remedy f

A. Bi-«u]phide of Carbon.

iQ. What ia the price of it t

, ^ The price varies according to the quantity purchased, but it is about

teen cents a pound in large quantities.

By Mr. Cochrane:

Q. Is there any such thing as bugless pees t

A. No, with the exception of the so-called Grass pea. which is not a true pea.

Q. Parties up our way say they hare bugless peas, but I do not think, myself, they

•re.

A. There is no such thing.

Q. It may be that the peas have been treated in the way that you speak of »
A. Perhaps, but there is no tni* cnltiTated pM known which wiU not be affected

THE GRASS PEA.

There ia the grass pea, of course, which is not attacked, but it is not a
pea at alj, although it answers many of the purposes for which peaa are grown.

iTr«ri *n°'/\u *"^ ^"l ^?^?*r' ""^ ^* P™^"*^ » <«°P °^ "^ ▼««7ing from
10 to 80 bushels to the acre. It is being grown very Urgely in some pea districta on
account of its immunity from the weevil. This year Dr. Saunders is going to send
out some of the seed m our regular seed dUtribution. It has not suooeeded very weU
with us in years past At Ottawa last year it did not ripen, so it is not a pUnt that
we can adopt at once without a Kttle more experimenting, but. where it can be grown,
aa west of Toronto, for instance, it has given satisfactory results. '

By Mr. Bolinton (Elgin) :

Q. J.S it like a pea or vetch ?

A. It belongs to the same family aa the bean (Lathynu), but has smaU pea-like
flowers which are white or bluish purple, and grows with a slender grassy vine 3 to
ai feet high, producing small pods with about two seeds in each.

Q. It is a veich 7

A. It is not a true vetch. Its proper name is the Vetching Pea (Lathyrui vatio^M)
It has been introduced from Asia, and is much grown in India.

By M'. Cochran*:

Q. Is it hard on the soil f

A. It is a leguminous plant and takes a good_deal from the soil, but like dorwr
It pays back more than it takes, on account of its power to collect nitrogen. *

II TBM MNTOMOLOOiBT AND BOTANiBT, BXFMHIMBNTAL FABMM

Q. WobM the ume «,il tUt prodac* good pet. ,«m it f
Q. When can it be got t
^ The -^Umen in H«nilton keep it now. It en be obUined from the w.f„,

Bjf Mr. Wriffhi:
^ A^No. that u . d.ffe«nt thing, which wiU not ripen in C.n.d.. except in f..o««d

DWTINCnVB DIFFMENCE BETWM» THE « P.A BUO « AND PIA WE«1L.

.dop^ but^I^cLTt SlJlSfto'SUt toX"^ ^r ''. '^'l '^•^ -"-^
generdly n«d i. mialeiSi^ tKS^' JJms Z^ST.''"' *^ r"* '^- «'«'
are three different inMct. wh,v.», oii j .. "** "' '"y *°'^ o^ »«»Mct. Thei»

different ^ctionf Si.5St of Jfth; onJ^ \'^ of ' pe. bug ' with farmer. S
Weevil ; .nd the wo„i WH ' i .^em ihici ^IT" "* •^°»' *»- *«• Pe.

p-^^Sr'n*:^." ^'-^ - the Lrsjris^; H^'^^d •j^w::sr^s Sj
."d^ri::^ urtrc"te:j?.L?;ai • -^ ^\^^^ ^ ^.

lubita from those oit^P^'^'^n' T^P^^J^T^ T'.i "^^^ ^ ^^^'^^
jeed-pea. while the caterpillar oTt mo^tJ WeT^ Ja^.^tLT?.' '"''*« '^
the ground, so that the treatment I havrimj lL«r?h£n„ ^ "^^ ^ '"°**' '»
not anawer for the Pea Moth. described for the Pea Weevil would

Another insect, also jpoken of aa the 'nea biwr' i. ♦k i .
appeared suddenly in 1899, and fntwTJ!^ ^'^ ^ plant-Iouse, which
year it di«ippeared entirei;. No tSitm^t^??h/!!!? ?« °u™*"" ^°"' »>°* ^
at all. The proper name of tWs wT k thl fe f*!^" ^•^* ""^ •«•«» «» it
mean to try to get^eople to give on Ih^l^ * Destructive Pea Aphis. I do not
other thiSi by the^Z naSe S 4 notT «w''"*' **".* ^ 1° •* *^«» ""t *<> c^
them stick to it, if the^nd U earier «r lon^ .ffi?* "'^* ^°' *^ ^'^ ^«^I. «>«t let
name when they write"^ for i^So^ The« ^2 31"^ f t^^^"' thing, by that
right name, but the word 'bug' wJmJ to have^MJ *^°^, ^^. ''^'^ 8^^ ^^e
^c shape of an insect. I takj e^rToplSirto JTvf^"^*" T ^'' ^^'T^i^ «
Weevil, and, whether I am talking Tf Kj^eoL^^TlIif V^}^ '''""e for the Pea

proper name of what I am talking about, soTtolSj^ZTwr '**1f*r *° *^
name. . »" •» ro get people familiar with the proper

By Mr. Boat (Ontario):

Q. How does it affect the plant f

A. It clusters in large numbers on the vounff ahnnta .» ^ a m. ,

out the United States last year, and in 1899™ h^?t .^!!?1"' ?*•» ^'^ th'O'Wb-
■everal mUlion doUar.. ° '° ^'^''' '''»«»»* «PP<«wd for the first time, wa.

nfMMCTB. rVMOOUB DI8EA8Ba,-TBaTBD UMMDIBB ff

Q. Bun w» any ia Cuada t
«V iL^. *~ ^«^* *«• ** 18W' ■«» •«»• <i««»i«» the TMT bef or. Uut, but not

ByMr.Kiid:

Q. At what tinw dow it itrika the plant t
.ntnmn^in!*" ^^^ "* ^ *»*«f ' f^ i* """iM OB iweet peas right up to the
!»»», I Hope that It will he many yean before it appears again.

By Mr. Bom (Ontario):

the Sa^^ T ^""^ '**** *" '^'**** *^' '°'°"°*^'°'^ ■»>o"t the mean, of treating

th. tJjH" ^ •!??^**° ^ '*^ ?"*«* *»"*' """^ ^« ^"'^e prepared a leaflet on
.^ "SrLJSt '"^ " '^^ Prored^and ia a practical one. which anyone can

TBI POTATO-STALK WEETIL.

During tha pMt year then were two new inaeota which appeared in Canada that we
ha^e not had to deal ^th before. I am glad to «v neither Vf them ia oi>er/g«i;
unportanoe. One of -Jiaae aUo is another kind of weevil, the Potato-atalk Weeril

The year before 1-t ^ .ey exported abont 30,000 bnsheU of poutoea, but hurt year there
waa not a single bnahel exported, becaose this in»Hrt appeared and destroyeTSe cro^
to «ch an extent that they have hardly enough forXir own «t ut a .3
b^a. that lays its eggs in the stem of the potato. These eggs hatch into little grubs,
which burrow up through the sterna, and, the stalks and leaves being destroyed no
potatoe. can be produced, because the potatoes are formed from the nourishment which

tnbera. The stems having aU been deatroyed, no pototoes could 'be formed This
insect passes the wmtwin the potato stems ; so, if these are aU burnt at once when
the crop la dug, the insects are all killed.

POTATO MT.

By Mr. Wthon:

1 * ^" ^ ?Sf f •*"«»*»»«» *•» • I*rse quantity of potatoes rotting in the ceUars
hist year. What was the cause of that I -» "» loio veuan

A. That was probably the potato rot. a fungus disease.

Q. Is there any way of remedying that !

A. Undoubted^. It is a disease which can be controlled to a very large extent
by spraying the pototo vines during the summer, with Bordeaux Mixture. It appears
about the first of August, particuhirly 4 low lying localities where there is not verv
good drainage, and where the water lies, to that the air is damp.

Q. How can 700 tell when the disease is attacking the potato f

A. It shows itself as rust on the leaves, about the first of August, and von can
ten at onoe by the musty smell from the fields. The poUto rust appears at that time
and the mat on the leaves is exactly the same disease in another form as that which
later in the year develops into the potato rot of the tubers. It appeam first on the

he t.me when thi. due.-e i, dcrelopS " J^..?i "^^'''"JP '^'^' • «''.t U

.*'th ««d.. .« borne, and from tbTrWopen. .wiT^' "'""* '^**^ -n.Iogou.
on to other plant, located near tCZin^ZT, «n;«t.t,on come. ; tbe«e are blown
the «me time many of the^JoJeT/.Tl .Tfj. " ' ''''^"'^''•'y P«»duce mo,* ru*t. At
down into the ground. w^re^S^*^' ^irtuZ'rd'tS' '*" '"* ^•» "* -"'»-t
ctLer fuiwu. dl-ea«... condition. favounibkfLr!.?'/i ^ "* "*• '°- ^'•'^ """y
the ipore. may dimply fall on tli oatddi /r^K** ''•"'-'"P"*?* "ay not be present ;
weather, they may i into xC r^tZ^ji 't f! ?' ■"•• " "« have dear dry
In such ca«,s we may have a go J kaUf ™ t Uu P"*"'r u""*' "^"''' ''•'^^'«" «» »"•
n.«y develop, and generally do Wl^n 'u ^nl'^^T i"'- '' ^V "' '^ ""^ ''""^^ '»>ey
the potatoes are put into the root-hou^L then .f?'. •'•'T^'TT ''** *" '^ •»*»"'" -'te.-
favourable for the growth ofX Z^Jtl T * "T^^ ^""^ »''« condition, am

Jj« danger than in oL where tie veSor«.«.'l^^^^ "?-""J"' "^''^"^ ''-"^ '«
There i. „o way in which you can'^emThuTi^t;: "r"^ ^' "\^ ""*«^-
foliage about the fint of August with S^^wT- . ^^P^^^ spraying the potato
»tone. lime, and water. nndTve^ L?^„"'re ,o irf"' ""^''^ " I ™'''""* "^^^'o-
the rust or prevents it, spread to oLrpl«ms?n tL. tu Tl'^'^V^'- '^^^ '•'""»'«v.
experimental farm, where we haveT.^ii f'*'' ^'' '""'^ '"""^ "» ^^e Central

le-Hons. that where pota,^ had Lnl^rlr^\''^'\r"*^. '"' "-"^ y^-^s. as objec
a field, potatoes which .iTIp^yeS^niT^yJhHrler ';'''•'' '^'''^^ '^' ™''1'''« «^
♦hose close to them, which were not prav^ Bv X 7 VVL ""^ ''^^ '*»»»«' ^hnn
fields ar« brown, and .11 the le"L '^aTd;ad 'ihl Ts^lt'''"*"^^^^^^^
ripened, but because they have been killed hvtl.- 5 "°i,'»c»"«e the leaves are

Pip-nts in the same field are tilcHhe ^^zTof V.^! Jlt^' . ^^^ ^"'"''' "^ «P"y«l
ha^e been destroyed by the rul? Thi'Ts t^S^^ 1 t^^^l^e 1"'"'^'" '*-^^"
Jorger m a green condition, and continue all t^ti™! JX »u" ^"^^"^ «« n»«eh
turing starch and storing it up in the tube«I "* **^"" '°* °' manufac

By ifr. 5o«» (Ontario):

Q. You say you can smell the rot in the field f
A. You ca ^i,^„ i J .^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^

Q. Is that fungus injurious to the animals that consume it f
A. Ihey cannot consume it, because when th.. rlSa^-J • j .
the whole ti«iue of the potato ; but. ^venwSn the ,^^ " ^^^^^^^ '** «»«
the potato does not rot. it ^T perf;ctly JJnd be^usL th«^- *t °° the potato, if
it. As soon as it l^ins, the itato^vVT^n t^T rntf J^rotn^lr'^ ^""
Q. Then the fungus w not injurious to cows and horis ? *

A. No. unless the tuber rots ; it is then. The annrw. ««. • ^ • .
they are absolutely invisible to the unaidS eye T?^toS ni°„*">*«''r"y '"-'l ;
house, they should be picked over and the sound ones^^ o^ ^ "'^ '° *^ "«»-

POTATO SCAB, — TBEATHENT. '

By Mr. Bobiruon (Elgin) :

Q. Do you suffer anything from' the potato scab ?

A. We do. This again is another fungous disease whi«k ;. «-.•!
soaking the tubers before planting in a solutio^ SXnlSf i n,^^Lr°*""*^ ^y
•go, with the Horticulturist, what we call our Spraying CalencUrS "^ ^**"

niHEi'Tf FlXUnVH IHHKAHKH.-TEniTEIt KKHEPIEH M

conciie form the staclard remediM for the more important crop pett-iuaect* and
funsoiu diteaaes, with the way to prepare and the beat time io rpply them.

The laat item on this calendar, as you will see, irives the truiUment of the Potato
Scab with formalin. It ia an easy remedy, and consists of immersing the tubers
before planting, for 2 hours in a aolution of 8 ounces of commercial formalin in 15
gallons nf water. Formalin ia not poisonous, and is the same remedy as has been
uxed very successfully in treating seed grain against Smut.

Q. That is applied to the potato crop!

A. Xo, to the tubers, to the seed potatoes before they are planted. The scab
fungus attacks the outside of the potatoes, and sometimes is only a roughness on the
•urface ; but in bad cases it will burrow down into the potato from a quarter to a half
inch, and in such cases it is necessary to leare the potatoes soaking longer ; but two
hours is sufficient for most cases. The infectious nature of the potato scab is nut
recognized as much as it ought to be ; it is a particularly infectious disease.

By Mr. Wright:

Q. Are these pamphlets available now t

A. They are.

Q. And within the reach of everyone. What do you call it 7

A. The Spraying Calendar. We arc glad to give copies to anyone who will use
them. The scab is so exceedingly infectious that sacks or bins in which potatoes
infected by the disease have been kept, should never be used for seed, because potatoes
put into such sacks are liable to be infected. In choosing potatoes for seed, it is well
to choose them as nearly as possible of medium size. The most succesaful way to
grow this crop is to choose potatoes of medium size and put them in the ground whole.
It .■; sufficient quantity of seed can be got easily, without putting too much work on
the (lelection, it is the best plan. In small plots, we can do it, and we find rh:<i wfl
get the best results from medium-sized potatoes planted whole. In the west, par-
ticularly, cut potatoes will frequently dry out before the plant becomes established,
whereas the whole potato has sufficient resistance to make its growth, and give it
support without injury from drouth. In British Columbia and the North-west, cut-
ting potatoes sometimes causes a considerable loss from the seed drying up, whereas,
if put in whole, better results may be obtained.

Q. What is that pamphlet you referred to }

A. The Spraying Calendar.

Q. It can he got here, can it ?

A. Oh, yes ; it is isisued by the Farm here.

Q. Then we can apply to the Farm for copies i

A. Yes ; if you will give me the names of those you would like to have it, we
will send it to them gladly.

THE EXPERIMENTAL FARH A8 A Bl^BEAU OV INFOBMATION.

Mr. Boss (Ontario). — ^I should like to tell the Committee that I wrote you last
year about the treatment of some shrubs, and you sent me one of these spraying cal-
endars. I may say also that when ladies iiave come into the store and complained about
their chickens, in the spring, having lice on them and various other troubles, I have
sent down to the Farm ; they have thus had sent to them recipes which h 7e been
successfully applied, and they have been delighted. In one case, which will illustrate
what varied information can be got, a man came in and was telling about a d'agaae
that his horse had. I wrote down to the Farm, although it wa& perhaps a matter more
for the farrier ; but they aent back a recipe, and information which was quite satis-

f«ctoiy to the man an<l hu u
By Mr. Wright:

jerk, .go ,« „, ™«om°?i ", ""i """^ I "iBk' ■»«»«.». Abou. thre.
It , that IS what the Farm is for. ' "^ ^ ^'"^ ^« '^^^m avail ourselves of

«

By Mr. Wright.
obta.|iLlXf '^'^ ^^ ^^^^« — "^ fa^ow of tie extent to which the. can

^ my own s,xja'l. but importanrbranck IL t? * ***°f ™^ correspS^
is h'»/°- /^«™««o° about bu^ a'nd ;^*~ ^7, ^.OOO people who wrote
and zt may interest the members to hear lit !wi. ^*^ *" generally caUed.
spnng. during the time the application- /nr!Lf ^ "Penmental farm office S

fnt :"!" '^'"^^ ^«"^ from sCTearS it^lir ""! °°°^''^ ^' «»« ^umtj
interest is now taken in the farm work SI'T f !t" " '^"y- ^^^^ "bows thatln
most encouraging to ua. '""''^ throughout the country, which is oSX

Q. It is increasing every year f

A. Yes ; increasing every year.

IH« POTATO 8TAM WKBTTL.

Q. With regard to that Potato^talk Weevil • -h- • *i.
. A. It IS very simple, and one that sS kI ^^ " u*^* ""^^ '
insect may appear in any part of Canai tJ ^f '''^ **' *^«^ °°e. because this
t.me in that southern dItricVof ii. Erie tS ^^ ^2 "^ t''^"^ for T ^^*
Its eggs m the potato vines and Se^youn^' Jt I^^ ^ **^" = The weevil iJI
autumn..and like the Pea WeevH i^mJ^,^? * ^ ^^"°^ ^'"ide the stemrtn? T

£ t '''^ "r T^ i^rdit^oy andt;: :5^s Srs^r •'p^' - "ti. n^'

them to one side or ploughing them in. If destroved k! I ^'' '°^««<' of Patching
a«ha which are beneficial for the land . k„? ^ ^^ burning, you not onlv b^TJ^?
^jctorfungo^disease whi:h?a:sirtleii^^^^^^^^ -T eve^kTnV'o

in the stems only, and there is no reason why ti^e^Jh^Z • * "*^*» »*" tbe winter
«lwtToyed promptly after the crop i. dug. ^ ^"^ '"^"^"^ ^ •« the stems i^

lySECTa, PUNGOVB DiaBABE8.~TEiiTED RBMEDIEB

Wl

Q. That would be a wise precantion to take every year ?

A. Undoubtedly, particularly in garden practice : it is so verv eaiiv «n^ ,'♦

tamly is the best plan to destroy all tons, of everv kinH HiJ^^i !J ^' . * '^^
Vn.i A^ »^* 1 -xi.- . *^ every Kind, directly the croo is «eoiiTAH

Tou do not lose anything, you get all the ashes, the chief part of their vaC IS"
if the land is eo heavy that you want it mechanicallv lieht - H \,„., 1- t'

substance than the ^ems and leaves of pl^te. wS a^ a^^ '^.^n^T """^ *>""
or fungous disea«». liable to appear agL and attack ^^:J^t ""^ "^"^

FORMULA FOB POTATO BOT.

By Mr. McLennan:

TH« OBAPK-VWE COLASPIS.

Ji^nM''^'* *"" *^''. ~"**i'^ strawberries. About the end of Jm^thTKeS eme^
::t^: Vl^^o^.^^Z^' ^' "^ ^ ^"^ ^ -awberrylfi ^^.^

nCPBOVBD ODImVATION OF STRAWBEKRIES.

There is no reason why it should do wrious damage to strawberries becaus. th«
new method of growing these berries is to take only o^ crop f~m thr'b^ StSS

t^ii:r riLTiSd-teei^xtst^i^-rf^^^ *^«* ^^^ -^

in ring. By autumn good strong'^ams^iTe^friS, tZ ShX^rZa^^
the foUow « summer, and the beds are then ploughed down. If you want mom Kt.
of some variety, you can leave the beds for anoS^ear but to Z 1 ^T -^ fu
sirgle crop method ia the best, and all beds »houldTSou«hU d^VX^I""" **"*
of fruit. This method is important in my work b«LS«^™i „? tL^ ! ° ^'"P*
of the strawberry propagate for the mosTparJ ii dTSs. Tnl-^L 1" '^T:^
they have not time to complete tb^r stages bef o« tSe W. iSelSiJ^^IwT An
instance of tJiis is the destructive White Grub which paasea two yem^^p^I

38 THE ENTOMOLOGtUT AXU BOTANIST, EX:'EKIHESTAL FARMS

In Nova Scotia, again, for some years an insect known in England as the

BLACK OHAPE VINE WEEVIL.

«iVeIrto"ihi'!''.wr^ *""™ '° ''••^ strawberry beds. The name I tve mentioned was
given to this insect many years ago in England, because it attacked grape vines In

to :hrg"e 7herme!'' ''"^"' ^'"^' '' '^"^ ^«"^ ^^ '^«™ "^ ^^^' ^^ ^M noTwiL"
By Mr. Wilson:

Q. I did not quite catch the plan for the raising of strawberries You olant the
runners in sprmg and get the crop the following June ? *^'^"'^'- ^°" P'«"* ^^'

if thfb^rarf nof atTaofc^S V • """^ 7V^' u "^* ^""- ^ ^"'""'J ^^^ » permissible
tne b^s are not at acked by insects ; but the one year cropping of a bed navs best
Q. But you can allow them to run two years if you wish ? ^^

A. Yes, if you wish to do so.

A yL" InH Vi'^ f^'f^ ^ ^^-"^^^^ "P ^^^'•y y^" *« ^^ *»>« ^^t results i
A. Yes and particularly when insecta are troublesome. You can iret hia-^, o«^
better hemes, and it is easier to keep the land clean of weeds S^m^ vaSs of
strawberries, which do not make runners freely, require to be left for tL Jl t

favourable seasons, by planting the young runnersTn lu^iMt anartl ^ I"

gathered the first spring, andihe big crop taken the n^^year ■^TaJ:\T' ^
the season here is too dry for this to be advisable ' ™ ^' *»°^^^«'-'

IXSEVTS, FUhUOVa DlSEA8Eii,-TESTEU REMEDIES

House of Commons,

Committee Room 34,

Thlbsday, April 3, 1902.

The Select Standinp Committee on Agriculture and Colonization convened here
tJu8 day at ten o'clock a.m., Mr. Le«:ris, Chairman, presiding.

Dr. James Fletcher, Entomologist and Botanist of the Dominion Experimental
J-arms, wai^ present, by re-call, at request of the Committee, and made the following
statement in continuation of his evidence.

THE PEA WEEVIL.

By Mr. Richardson:

Q. Before you commence your evidence. Professor Fletcher, I would like to make
a brief statement m reference to the methods by which thi' Pea Bug or Pea Weevil may
be carelessly spread throughout the country. We have never had it as a pest in the
section of country where I reside, but last fall at our annual countv show, in passing
through the gram department, my attention was called to a very fine sample of peas
that had been brought in by an exhibitor fro m a distance. I examined the
pens, took up a handful of them, and I noticed a hole in manv of them. When I
broke open the peas, I found there was a good-sized live pea bugin each one of them,
in which there was a hole, and I suppose these bugs would be much larger in a little
wJiile. These peas have been sold for seed, and have, I am afraid, introduced the pest
into a part of the country in which it had never been known before ; I mention this
in order that, if possible, some practical method may be used to prevent the spread
of the pest ?

A. No doubt the Pea Weevil is introduced into new sections of the country in thp
manner in which Mr. Richardson has suggested. May I ask whether these p^as were
grown at any great distance from the place where you saw them ? '

Q. They were grown 20 or 25 miles away.

A. Yes, that explains it. Your district is just outside the district in which the
insect IS known to have done harm, and this is a case where it might be introduced into
u new district which is lear enough to its range for it to do a great deal of harm. That
shows the importance cf treating all the seed peas before using them as seed The
remedy for the Pea Weevil is very easy of application, and it only requires the atten-
tion of the public to be drawn more to it, to have the necessary precautioas taken by
which the seed would be always tested and treated before being used by farmers. It
is the duty of everybody interested in this very important crop, to draw attention to
the manner of treating it whenever an occasion arises. That is the very great benefit
of this Committee ; the diflferent members come here and take an interest in what is
discussed, and, at any rate, each one of these goes home with the idea that he can do
some good in bringing the attention of tho«ie farmers in his own neighbourhood to
what has been done and can be done in the way of destroying these agricultural pests
A great deal of the spread of the Pea Weevil in Canada is due to the supineness of
farmers who think that nothing can be done to prevent it. It is impossible to give
up growing peas in Canada ; they nrc too important a crop, and moreover there is
no need to do so, because the remedy is a simple aud practical one, which can be used
by everybody as soon as they see the importance of doing so. The man who sold

40

THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOT^IST, EltEmMENTAL FARMS

Q. I did ? ' '

the view iken by Se ^ho h^,l% ^'* .^-^ "l"^- ''"^ ''''^^'^^- ^hi* « genSJaUy

taking the saniple tTatjwbiS stwrllV''';'/"''''/^ *^« ^"^ ^'^ ^^ ^^
extent at any rate the danS^Pr «??«. 'J^'^^t^"* *»« did not feel, to a proper or right

of bis adjdninV'neiehbou- t^' *°''^'? ^^ ^" **P*"^°« ^»" ''^ «™P -nd^t
district. * '»«sbbour., by bringing these peas and distributing them in that

fORMALIN,-H0W TO APPLY IT TO SEED POTATOES AITO SEEDGBAW.

forniah^^t;tSveVngr^L:Ie:'%?r'i^^^ ? T^^ T'^ ^ ^' ^ ^'
meeting, very useful in theTeaS^V iL^^ ^w ^°'^^' "' ^ '*'**^ »' t^« !««»
carried on tStul « and whiih^ri^ „?1 ^? *?• '?''' " ^"°«*"" ^"«"« ''^ch is

seed potatoes oef or^ £y ar^pCed ^e same "^^^ '"''°**? ''^ *'~*'^"* °^ ^«
found extremely useful fOTZtr„^-n^™«f- "°»«,7«^. convenient remedy has been
the old remedy oHr^tSj tTe see?l HllLr^ grains It is mo«» effective than
is also a much more ll^pZa^^^^ll^A^^^^''^^^^::'^ °^ '^^^'- ^°™'J»
to .16 gallons of water The TuSnT^beSseTo'^ and' ot'™^"^'^ V- "'"««'
nsed up. The seed is simply aubmerged^n'ThStrErubrr^Trtr LI""

• £j' the Chairman:

Q. For how long ?

J? or potato scab, soak the tub- rs either-- i""ows .

IXiSECm HXVOI.S DJt>EAiiES,^TE8rED UEUEUIES

41

CAXKCRWURU.

known to all fruit grow^ b",t which 1 2 • *^ Cankerworm. which i. too well
on account of the injury which it df . 7°^''^'" '^ "'^''"''"" '* °'«'>» »« ^^ivo.
fruit insect that i J n?w ii wll^ On^- ^ •'^' J* •*^'" '^ ^"" •^'^^ «*•«'«•' *» ^^ th.
The female moth whichT; rather diffeS^f' " ''""* T" '°^"''' ">"" '"^ «'»>"•

i.os a body .methin. ^^:::X't^sl '^^zt ::^^^ ^ '^ '- - -^-

.rouSTaXsXja'^d^l^^^^^^^^^^

There are two kind*, both ver! siS^* oneTtb!^ '"'** "? '**'' *"** *° '"^ '^'^•
other in the spring ; the caterSl arhatch Lnt K """^^ ?" *'''^ ""*"""> ""^ the
at once attack^he fdia^ Sg «;^Ja^*tal^^^ *"»^ - ^^e early spring, and

if attende*! to. because.The mofhs nrSvInt L i ^^^ "** T^ "'«'''^* »« «'«"<"'«.
orchard is by the females c^mtngX rf;els^^^^^^^^^^ '''''' ""'T''"^ '" «"

oprnot. like other moths, flv to th^tr Js Lm „ Ji? T ''" *''^"'- ^hey

orchards. Therefore, any thorough t^atrenti^^K- J'"*""^' ""-/r"" neighbouring
pe.ts. leaves that orehaH frL fTm ^tlTk fir « c^ITV." l^^'''^ '' '^'""'^*J «^ ^»'^''
insect is frequently not rec^irS as he If^I " /*'"^."'^™>'f *™e afterwards. The
very abundant. When iM^^ anient T ^l '*"**"" 'T'^ ""*"' '* •>"« ^^^o""-
it has destroyed their crip ofTuitT-Jii^'* «'-°''^" .*»>«'" know; too late, that
number at all. the Cankerworm shlldr ^''*" ?'«"«»»«" small numbers. i„ any
of the foliage may b^ strip^^ff ^ ""' "*''"'^*^ *" ^^ "°^' ^^e whole

REMEDIKS FOB CiKKERWOBM.

is PaXr:fLd trffk^oIn/Vhr""'^'^''^' ^^^^^'^ ^'^^ ™-» —"ent
gallon, of water, that is 1 oun^ to eve^. in "fl '" '^r P^PO'^'O" «f » Pound to 160
.trong .medy for th" LU:;iL%r;?34^^^^^^^

early in the season, because when th^ caternJ LT l. ? ' ""^* ^ "PP'*^*^

required, and more ^f it. which XtjuTthe ti"^ ^'^'' " «*«"^' ™-»«- -

growi.l'rtoThr'irlTrdlvt^trt^^^^^ The caterpillars, when full-

the chrysalis form, ^om ^hie^lhe TtL eTr^lafr Vhetllt^^^^^ ^'""^^ ^^
hare to crawl ud the trpea Tko «io„ ""'erge later. me females having no wings.

insects on their way uo to lav thpir ««.«. ;„ *u '^ "* '^"' ^^^^ the

Ti.» _• i 7" J:*^ ^ ' eggs, in the same manner as flv nnnora /.«t„i. «•„„

Ine mixture used in Ontario U nmnfiooiN. *u um'^ukt as ny papers catch flies.

eastor oil and resin tZTs u'exSKticZ'sl^n* '"* "ll ^'^ -'''"^ ^' P«P««-
over it ; and it retains its viscid.'Sy°tnSiS^ ft :::;i"dls"'^ 'ThTnZ, r"'
for use in warm weather are 2 pounds of c««tn,. nil ♦!. °:^*™* _?*y*; ^.^e proportions
weather is cold, the resin iTdecTa^S by one ^.uld 1^1 ^u'i^^'" . "^^^ '''!:
aiHl 3 pounds of resin. These are boiled togethefand ^h^ /om'arrjttil'l^' "'
Jc^'mar/dt?.''"^^' "" ""^^ '""'^ " ^ '^'^^ "^» ^^-^ tr:S.lXS Sive
By Mr. McEwen :
Q. What time do they go up f
in thto^i:^: "*"""' "'*' "'^-^ " ^'^^ "*''"»• ''^••«^'«« *« the variety occurring

m THE BST0M0L0GI8T AND B0TASI8T. EXPEEIMBNTAL FARMS

Q. They would be moving now I
A. Yee, or very soon.

By Mr. Mobiruon (Elgin) :

Q. This remedy is castor oil and i«8in ?
A. Yes.

By Mr. MeEwen.

A No'^tlSl '^^ Vl7T :?'* «S*" '"**• " ^""^ 0^ ^ "Pon the tree, f
OntarioT;r;e^e." To buf ^V iT ^^^^'^^'jj'^'^ was so prevalent .11 through
vl^r^AiA^^^T ^ ' , ' "^^^ ^ disappeared now in most places. The canker-

Q. This insect remains around the foliage and has no tent ?

h..Af" I'l * ^ w °S *?P* ' ^^^ ""«'° <"» t^>e leaves and eat them until there is
hardly a skeleton left. Badly infested orchards turn brown in Junrf^rtL^ir?-!!
of the ravijges of th-se insects ; the fruit then fall, tofZlndZ cZil Lt I
the same time the trees are weakened, which affects the ne« year's Sop '

APPLE BOBli»S,— BEUEDY FOB.'

,«„ J*"^ apple tree borers are doing great damage also in some parts of Canada The
usual remedy for these is to wash the trunks of the trees with a strongaSne* wash
ordinary soft soap or whale-oil soap diluted with a saturated solution of wasWng sod.'
to the consistency of ordinary oil paint. If this mixiure is painted uinwile ti^s'
with a white-wash brush, about the beginning of June and aga J aTut t£e enrof
tiat month, it forms a varnish-like coating, which prevents the f^mrbJSles /rom
laying heir eggs. We have found on the Farm that it is an effective ^mei^faDnS
regularly and we have no borers in our trees. However, in sSae pa^ of cl^Sl^t
IS claimed that borers are so abundant that this remedy is^o go^d'^Tor uS plaJe

!^ w. i;.r. °;"^w "^^ T*'"^^" '"^^' *'"' «""« ^^^^^ t^^^t even this i Tt enS'
w we have to look for something more effective stiU. The introduction of the t^e of
W^r ff T/°'* whale-oil soap a. a remedy for the San Jos« ScSe wUl TbSeve
have the effect of preventing this insect from laying its eggs on the tree ifJ^Z^l
«ood. at any rate, may be done as a slight offset Zinst fS^^at in^Ses '

THE PEACH BASK-BEETLK

found that both prevented the beetles from entering the bark ThU llttll'j .l""*

two broods in the season. The presence «rf this insect is noticed o?Se tr^' in Jfnt
by the large amount of gum which, on wet days, oozes ontf^Z^hti. T'°.*®'
been attacked. The gum is said o be fo^ wmSmM {^^,1^1' ''^'^ * ^"^
half a gallon, at the foot of a single perril°'"?irtaL"t TsSL^'f "
from the tree, and unless the injuiy is stopped, the tree must die. ^^*^ ""^

mSECTB, FUXOOVa DIBSA8B8,-TE8TED REMEDIES
THE BIRCH SKELCTOMIZEB

18

H another insect which aroused much interest in most parts of Ontario, from Mani-
toba tluoughout Uie proTinoe of Ontario, and half way down to Quebec, last season, was
the caterpillar of a small moth which stripped the birch trees of their leaves. It
destroyed thff cellular tissue of the leaves so that many of them fell and left the trees
leafless by September. This was very injurious, and if the risitation wei« repeated

?fi«o fv ^"'■' '""'^ *"'*> "^"^ ^ *"*•• ^« *»°P« that it will not- reappear ; in
1892 there was a rery aenous outbreak aimilar to that o' last season, when the cater-
pillars stripped all the birches in Ontario, but the following year hardly a specimen
was to tie found.

THE BEE MOTH, OB WAX MOTH.

V *u^° u"*L^' '^^^'^^ ^'^ '^" ^«'y ""^'^ inquinid about is the Bee Moth or Wax
Moth, which lays its eggs in bee hives. The caterpillar feeds on the wax, and is very
injurious. There is an article on this insect in my annual report for 1901. It has
been found that a very simple remedy for cold districts is freezing the combs If
empty combe are stored where they are exposed to the cold of winter, all the Wax
Mcth caterpillars wiU be killed. This has been found to be effective at Ottawa, and
will answer for places with a similar cUmate. Where there U not such intense cold
It IS necessary to subject the combs to sulphur fumes. This wUl also answer but is
more troublesome. The Apiary at the Experimental Farm, manaired by Mr. John
r ixter, is a constant source of interest to visitors.

THE PEAR-TREE FLEA-LOUSE.

The Pear-tree Flea-louse, an insect which has not been noticed very much, but
which does a considerable amount of harm in the Niagara district, is a small insea
clcaely allied with the plant-lice or aphides. These pass the winter upon the bark oi
trees, in the crevices of the bark. A simple remedy has been found which gives good
results, simply spraying the trees with lime wash. The exact effect of this I do not quite
understand ; it may be simply a mechanical effect of the spraying, by which the torpid
msecta are literally mortared up in the crevices of the bark and cannot emerge So
far, trees sprayed with lime experimentally have been found to be very free from this
insect. The more troublesome spraying of trees with whale-oil soap or a mixture of
whale-oil soap and crude petroleum is also very effective, destroying them by cominir
in contact with their bodies and suffocating them.

These are all the insects that I wish to bring before the attention of the Committee
now, but there are just two other subjects that in the time at my disposal I would like
to refer to.

THE CURRANT WORM.

By Mr. Erb:

Q. Before you leave the subject of insects, would you state the best and most
effective remedy for killing off the worms on gooseberry and currant bushes i

A. These are the caterpillars of a saw-fly, an insect belonging to the same natural
order as bees and wasps, and, although the caterpillars look very much like those of
moths, they differ in that they have many more legs than the true cateipillan of moths

r

'ayrr -iwrn

M

THE EXTOUOLOaitlT AXD B0TAM8T. BXPERIMESTAL FARMB

Jt^^^L"""^^ "V^*'"'"'"' '"»«J'»°»»t«d^. » ^e-k mixture of Paris green and water
m ter ""'"* ° ^ ''"""'' " '"*' ^^'** Hellebore, either dry or mixed with

. I ^•'f.^"™«tWorrt. appear just at the time the bushes are coming into flower,
and at that time the Pans green may be used. Later on. if peglected. as is usually
the case, until the hemes are partly grown. White Hellebore is a veiy effective remedy,
and IS quite safe to apply to growing fruit, wherea* it is not safe to apply Paris green

o gooseberrifs and currants when the berries have grown to a conaiderable sixe, for
the reason that these fruits are used very often for cooking long befor they are fully
formed, or ripe, and the poisonous and non-soluble Paris green mixture, is therefore
of law-fl * la" vfe *'™'* ^ '^''"^Ix"* » <l"ite safe, and is specially fatal to all kinds

By Mr. Rohinson( Elgin):

Q. How do you apply it i

A. With water or as a dry powder.

Q. The same as arsenic ?

A. Well, as arsenical poisonsj. I never advise the use of white arsenic. The usual
qiixture is of 2 ounces to 2i gallons of water, or in a dry mixture, one pound of helle-
bore mixed with four times its weight of flour.

THE TCRNIP APHIS.

By Mr. Blal

i/i;

?• J?"l'® ^^'^ }^^ '^"'^^>' ^°f tl>« fly that appears on the turnip crop ?

A. Ihe lurmp Aphis or plant-louse. This insect was abundant last year in Xew

than usual. The habits of this insect must be considered, in using a remedy, and we
hnd that It appears on the fields just about the time the turnips a^ thinn^ 'ora^d
aUo a characteristic of the attack is that it begins in small pat<;hea from whi^h it
gradually spreads and covers the whole field. We found it could be controlled in either
of two ways, either by the men looking fo • the first colonies when hoeing, and when they
see the clusters which are very ea.ily distinguished, hoeing out the infested turni,«
th^^r'^'^l ""^'"^"^'^^ under foot, or if they have got beyond that, sprayiS
the patches with coal oil emulsion or whale-oil soap solution, applied witn a knaosack
.prayer. WJale-oil soap 1 pound to 6 gallons of water, 'or "^fheorilnai^kTrS^.
emuhnon which is used for many kinds of sucking insects ; either of these remedies
li veiy effective and destroys the insects before they spread over the field.

KOXIOU8 WEEDS.

T .K-'^t*!! "" I few weeds that have given a good deal of trouble in Canada largely
I think through their nature not being considered when farmers try to control thTm
Probably It is impossible to decide what plant should be stigmatised as the worst S
in Canada to-day, because what is the worst weed is generallv a moot nnal!-^ •
different places and with different people. I have made^TTrsroTttentT-li^Td stinc"
plants which at different times I have nad sent or shown to me as the ' wora/ tif^ »
and I find the 'worst' is usually the one that gives the farmer who is speakij^l
most trouble on his own farm. »~"»iuif, me

I think the weed giving more trouble than any other over a wide area in Can.d,
to-day IB the " vauaaa

rysECTs. wvvQooa diseases.-testbd remedies

PERZ.VXl.a SOW-TIIiiTLE.

a plant which ia called a thistl because its leave» are rather prickly. It grows about
three feet high. The young pli nt staite from the seed as all plant* do. of course, and
tfte first year u makes a rosette of leaves on the ground, a single rosette. The next
year several shoots appear around that, and one strong stem is thrown up. This
atrong stem bears four or five large yellow flowers, by which it can be re.idily recognized ;
these are like dandelion flowers, which blossom just as the siuail grains are coming
into bead. While the grain is growing, the flowers stand up four or five inches above
the grain. The plant has an underground root system wh ch .■.xrtnds very tar iroin
tho central point, and at the top of each underground brai. h is develope*i a lf.ruf
cluster of leaves as big as a breakfast plate. The leaves lie flat, and no grain can
grew where they are. It spreads very rapidly and is a deep-rooted perennial. When
once established in land, it requires a deal of attention, and hard persistent work to
eradicate it It is a very bad weed, and must be treated specially if a farmer wishes
to clear up his land. The best treatment is to plough the land deeplv in hot weather.
and then cultivate it once after that, and. if possible, put in a late crop, to be cut
green for feed, or a summer smother crop such as rape. Hungarian millet, clover or
buckwheat, which can either be used afterwards for seed or as green feed, and thcii
ploughed down. This will so much weaken the sow-thistle, that in the next year a
hoed crop will clear it out, if well cultivated. The point about this weed is that it is
deep-rooted, and for that reason an important part of the treatment mist be deep-
ploughing and the breaking up of the underground stems, so as to induce them to makr
a second growth, and then disturbing them so that new plants cannot get establishe.!.
but the stored food in the root-stocks is exhausted.

Q. It grows from the seed !

A. Very largely and also from the root. The seed bears a silky or downy winp
or pappus, by which it ia blown long distances over the country. In some parishes
around Quebec, it has become very troublesome, and it is a great nuisance to threshers
When threshing grain, the sil^y covering breaks up and gets into the eyes of the
threshers, causing so much trouble that they are compelled to u-c veils to protect their
eys.

Another weed, of a slightly different nature, which is well known by all farmers, i«

QUACK ORA38.

The very name Quack Grass to most farmers suggests the worst weed that can bo
found : but. as a matter of fact, after we examine into the true nature of Quack Grass
it is not nearly so hard to get out of land as many others.

By Mr. Ross (Ontario):

Q. Is that Twitch Grass ?

A. Yes ; it is called Twitch. Scotch. Quack, Couch, and almost any other con-
ceivable change that can be made in the sound of the name. A knowledge of the true
nature of this plant is the secret of destroying it, and that is that it does not root
deeply, only about four inches deep. Therefore the remedy is not to plough deeply as
is often done. It roots near the surface, so, if by shallow ploughing, the plants is
thrown up on the surface in hot weather, it will dry out. In about a week it may be
harrowed, and a great quantity of th? jrass will be drawn off in the harrows ; what
remains is much weakened, and, if disturbed at intervals of about ten days, as with a
disk harrow, it soon becomes manageable. By deep ploughing the plants are merely
tnmed over in the soil and replanted, so that more harm is done than good.

■WIIT OUM.

IwTe .ppUed the wrong treSI. ThiV!! '^'^ du.«rou. to farmer., bewie^

•ad to plough it riudlow, .unpiy inmro!l7tT:i^ **** '* "<>*• ^•'7 deeply indJ?

PM^nid. i, to plo»«h M deeply lu^bif t^,' H" "^•"^ "^ '«' deep-^trf
w)t^y.tem a. pcju., „JXr SdKjSiS^L '^ ?"* •• much of the pCt .iS
the «,r&oe m po«iMe, w u to twThl^ Perenniel. to plough ju,t •TXe to

-i\^t ^isTf^r^r rn ' fou|x^tS^ is ZTS J;::

where thv re.d that the remSr Sren /?, ^'I?^®'^™*'"" bnlleSn/on^w««r
PW-iWe . Now the f.rmeT^C Jjl ^ ^'^ '"" *• P^o-^^ ^ .Wlow.,'

W SL^ ""'"» '*»*<'y' which unluckily^ wa! S!^^^ **" *~»^'«d with, they
We been done, and Sweet Qr.„ h„ ir^*;,^ .^^1^'^^^*^ ''^^ '^-^

*» Jfr. Bobinaon (Elgin):

A n" ?n di 'l™'" a 'PP*"»°« » '

docs not flower uStin^^The^Cei' J^'iS* rT/IT' ''^'^^ ^<^-» -e,y ea.!,
J*ing gxvea to both, it d^Ued the S7ck^ T!^ J'.*^*"*"*- The «i«e tStment
farm., but the Sweet Grass LdincrSS-^'*' ?**i*7*« »«>* "^^ « all on Zny
Po.nt.ng out the difference .MhrCS "^Ti weSS'^J?' oPPortunJuK

la the experimental grass olots TW^ ? v ?"® *** *'*® F"™. «nd see this n-f-iT
of that kind. But iSTp^^^iJiZtTttt? '° '*' "?'' ^^ -» ^m^^i'
theje now. for eleven years, and it hS n^^d at i^'^ll' ^"'P"*'- ^^ ^^^
e^dicTS^.^ •? •" ^'T**^ P^Perly, it can £ mJntS ^ u" P-^^^iit^. -bowing

thJ^h 2L '° f*^*' ^1°** ''^«" >t has sprS^tf^bJfH.^ ^ "*' *'^I« iJ
tiirough the conntiy, and it is fivniMnti. *^ . * "? ' •>"* there is a great HaaI «* ;*

olea«d. Such patchU aJ -X ^^X'^nt/T^r "^ ""^ '•"« wK ^^ t,n
stroymftin the way I have mZoIel Wh^^TiJ!^ !! ^^ °° *«»««« in de°
•imply beds of Quack Grass. *® •*«" ''o*. •ome of the fields we™

By Mr. BoUnaon (Elgin) :
By Mr. Erb:

i'°sr '"'° ""' ■*" '"■ '" °°' '^' *-" "■' " *■•* <"- -^ «

A. The field over beyond the bam. »

was

Q. Over on the other side T wao ^k,. l

m among the com t ^

i^o you mean m among the com I

tS8ECT8. rVKaOVa D18SA8B8.-TB8TMD mumkuims h

Q. r««.

Wd you mention, howewj •'toward.. I do not remember the particulw

A. The,; .„ ,11 p„tty weU cl-ned now, but they were Tery bed. indeed.
Bif Mr. Stepkent:

«.d'Jnd^Ji"i„t't£'Lrf •■"' "^' *"• «''••* ^'»"»" '"'--^ -W the
A. The garden Sweet William ?

tro or twh. rod, into ST&H. •°°' '^°* *" '««• "^ '"-i'i

By Mr. Erb:
1 f Siil'nl?^ S« "!°«' » It »i«tt be the wild sweet dorer f

-cond year regular,,. U o.nrt'fo'^«;i;*.Sitt!!lie"'ou5' ""' ^"'' " ™^ ^^*

aoKHABA CLOm.

By Jfr. Bobituon f Elgin):
Q. ^ i« aweet clover you are ■peaking about now I

1 y!^^^.'1^ «««ring very much in the citie. and town, f

not very good for .toek ; they wiU oS^SH liSir^t.^„^J^ ^°.''"' ' »»"» »* »
hay. they do not care mu<rfor it. Wh^tJUi^.^^t^X^'^u '' " *"°^ ^°^
of four or fire feet before it get. too toSh to Mt.^nt Tu ^" fo'' to a height

u«ful a. a fodder plant. It fmo^hSX^^ bt b^^^jr k l' ?!"'* ^'^
hcney plant. *^ "^ "' bee-keeper., who find it a good

•ALL IfURABD.

A weed which ha. been bad all oyer the Edmontnn iit.«.-^ j v
hirgely there during the p.,t four or fi^ye^ U fa^^bt^"!^ "^ ^v?S"'^ ^'^
ta«L It is a European \Feed which W^S iiSS^^i^ T^^^ ^ ®*" ^«-
Tfitn a«o. lint it i. n«. - ««««; ^j^.,^***?"?" ll*® Canada ten or fifteen

m THE ESTUMOiMUiHT ASn HOTASl.t fJ.XHKHtUKXTAL i^AHMs

wish to kepp Wit-iU out of new diatpi<.t. TI.2

- Kr..t Ue.1 of trouble on tteir f "r^X Lii ^T."*1'°'L-""'*' •'»-"'■«>• -^ them

>cnow. but it i. ««« of .rrrJJjTJelW .ij J V^ *'"'"*^'^ ""**■"*• »•« *>»•' «•

.* . farm weed in .ny othi;",rt «/ STnJL TW^l ^°"»'-*r '* **• "«» °«"'
r-wrd to the oHin.S' m«,t.rt in thU .C^f tT^ ^"^ **"* ^* '*'' P"^"'«'« *»''>
th.t becuw after . time "".nnot be X t^ ^ """V^' *"**" ">*'' »'»*• P^*"* ■>•".
of cur-e. i, ridiculouH he «i^n thTi't £^^^°l!^ ^"" TT '~" ''• ^-t thi,

growing. ., it robbedZ J^il oJ ,bf X?/^"* u' u^t '^"'^ •"'""°'" ''»«» i» ''"
CTcwded out the other pl.nU ir^ «^ bl^J?'"'* '^^ ^^^ f""*'"*'- "«» i» •>*«
. b.d weed, and indeJit V. ,« bld^hTt^t wilwT "*^«^ »•»* Wild Mu.t.rd i,
b.dly infested l.nd. This i, Lv, Ih . K T 1^ ' »!»*""'«" »<> «>*•« thoroughly.
Wild Mu8t.rd. Th; BMiiu^TrdZn L ''•^P«*-bly. „ the ordinary e«tem

•uie th.t the chief reason tLwLh.?«-i^ ^t been done in the put. I feel
has not been well en«S cleineT^ Thi.^^'*'" T^* *° ''*" ^"^ " »»»* '^ »"'»
the wheat. The need vod iTyT^:„.Jn T^ J^°u f"V° "°"~ ''^^ i» " ■"'onK
in a po<l. and wheTThr^ ripS.s7n1 dril Thf '""'t"^'' l^T " °°'^ «°« '^
that it looks like « little p^eeJfbro,Jn ^^^ T u •' ""*''' ^""''''^ "^ *'«' ""fid*". *«

..•.e grain. For 'hat '^^n °/ 5^^^ Ttlal'^^Vv:^^^^^^^^^^^

spread very rapidly. Its snreaH l,n»l„«. . u *'^*"*^««J. "nd ha^ consequently

ordinary meth,^s 5 gZ deTn W„r """ ^^ »"«^^"^«^ ^^ "^"'^ '°"o*inK the
*» Mr. McEuen :

A ItV^L'^ ^ *^''*" ""* ''•*'' ^''^ °«'i'""y «^d cleaner ?
extra^winnrm^ T.'^^:^ Z S^'^^i ^^rlfr^' *^- -''-^ -'J. where an
of grain are the^resuT wJenlS?.'^ in "tS^lanJ":^*''^ ""'' "^ *''^'° ^"""
trouble, and it must be recogT^iSd JI^ - i' '"^-'^'*' '"*' *^''*' ""*''•

wlere they regularly summeTa S^ e^e^ ' J^jTe I'an'Sf "*. ***• '" *'- ^"^'
more easily cleaned of such weeds ^uZ7*t.. f* "' u ^** "' °' '^""*' ^«'y ™«ch
continuously yea rafter year ' " '* " '" *''*' ^''*' ''^'^ "e use the land

Q. You have no idea how long it will remain in the ground i
A. It IS only an annual, and comes from seed ererv vmp t j« „-* u_ •. .
the seed wUl remain in the soil, but I do notSi^ if win I... • r* """w how long
same time as the ordin«ry must.rd because on «^me fl™. !V- u ?' ^f""''^ ^" '''*
worked, it ha, been exteminated. whiirtroiSin.^ wS Musttl w^^™ '*'^""'
after ye.r, even although the ground be cleared of 7ve^' pUnr^hfch Ir^^^ ''"''

8PRAVINO TO DESTROY WILD MU8TACD.

A good remedy for Wild Mustard is to spray infested fielH« w;*l, - ♦«,
solution of copper sulphate just when the blossoms'^pplrr jf . t "^^^^^^^^ T

Shutt, our Chemist, in my annual report of 1899; Ais whole mifteri- ''.^'■-

cle.n hi. ,he.t Md. of mu.urt, whw. te h.. n.™^ Sd .oTlSbi^lS^ '°

naMcta, wweova DtaBABB8,-TE6TtD MMMKutaa n

Bw Mr. BoHnnn (Elgin):

? ?^ **>j^MP«rin»ent been •ocoeMfol for miutard.
M.t«>ii i!l. ^^ •uoew.fttl indwd. and on unaller f«nn. in the E«.t and in
mtnctad .im.. «uwer. perfectly, killint erery plant of »Mt.rd .boTo%Toan "

BwMr.MeSwan:

Q. It tbe eprajrinf dune after the crop U op f

cbenLT:; '^z^ 7s:\Zu '^'* "^ '**- *^ •^"^ *° *•« -♦•- •* ^-

Btf Mr. Bobinton (Elgin) :
Q- Itii when the muaUrd U in flower f
.fterV^ t S^mlnl^i" ''""' " *'* *^* *^ '"»» »* *"» •— ' «» "^ tin..

Q. It will kiU the weed, bat not the wheat f

8TINK WEXO

Su'nTwi^wTfnl'i^,^*'*- 5! ^ ^ ^T^"* »«^" «' ''^"^''^ i» Manitoba.

to af.l itl^rir. -^"'1. '^!^ ^"^"^ "^ ?"°^ -^ ^'"-^ if introduced on
TO a lann, it Decom^ in a yery short tune a moet serious pest. This weed ig founH all

^rtlL^wTf^'w:^ ° "2i^Si^th'* - "•' - '" ^-"^'^- Tt^'^tfriLi^fs to
■Tound WtL™^* ' ,"'"'«\**»« «f^^°« »««». as soon as it appears above tbe
inland. Wherever this pUn has been adopted, it has been found very effective It is
r^i^rl^^'^ir* '"^ "/ •" Canada, as yet. but it is well kno^ln^e Old Countri

rl oT^'^fiZ t'th* '"^T" ""7'^ "^"^^ " ^'^^ benefici.rby destS
klnlffifiir^* seedlings on the surface. It is very good for the crop also, which is
benefited by it in the same way that Indian com is by being cultivatei If the hirrow

Si^w^JJ't^t^ ^''"? °^ ^V"'" "^ ^ ^"^'^ «»»• »>« I would far ither
\^^ A ^ "^ ■ ^"°^ *^° ""t ^'""^ •* •»!• I •=> ««tain that this Se of
luirrow. and wwders on growing grain is going to be one of tbe greatest fwt^ ?n
cleaning land of weeds in the West. »™«iesi lactors m

By Mr. Bohinaon (Elgin) :

Q. What is the appearance of Stink Weed f
other^,lInt """^ '^°'P'*'"°°« characteristic is its dark green colour, darker than any

|Q. With a stalk t

A. Ten, and with a bunch of small white flowers at the too follow*,! k„ i-

flat pod. about the sire of a five cent piece. These are produ^ ^ Vr^ la^ numt?
and the seeds remain in the land a long time. ^^ numbers,

Q. I never noticed any ?

A. It if not abundant in Ontario, but in Manitoba it seems to have fonn^i -«-
dition. and ««1 peculiarly well raited to it, and it ha. becomeV^tob^OTiIj **"*

ri!

M TBE mrOMOLOeiBT AND BOTANtST. MXfBKlUmiTAL FARMS

PBPPBB cauaa

tZet :^d4tt^^rutrtL.-s^:i^^ '^' ^- -^

only in occMioniOyeart tSrtTt in«r^J^f ♦ ^^ ««nlMiy by fi«ne„. becaoae it is
i. not a difficult planfto deir W S^V **"*? ^ "^* •* *° ^"^ *»»« «'•>!«• I*
of which gemi,Si^*i^t?rLS^rei;1„d ?"t;^'^ ^^ ^* " " ^"-^"'^ P'""*. the «eed
«n«U rosette of leatej BaS^in S, ^ °i '°*?°" ***^*" °° *^« «'°"n<l «* «
centre of thi. roJ^oi ]«Si «d^^^^ ^"^ ?* •*T '? ^^'^ °«' ^«>°» tl*"
l^ing 2 feet high ^'^l^^^tSt^Tli!^^^'^^'' *° '""*"' "«' """"^

A w V ***™o*"y known as smart weed I ""row.

THE OBANQC HAWKWUO.

By Jfr. Brown:

i»gd?n r** ^"" °^* **" *^« ^^^^^P"' «"> «»«"««• of Chateanguay and Hunt-

intrcSnlTfULVeml^^.^.rS'&t.S.^ "1 '''«' -<^-''^^

?«Hen. for it. d«my S ori^flS^^ ; britT.^ 2lu^ "^ "^ r^^vl"
in rocky land. «>d soondest.^ upG wit,^ iTS. ISS P^ mooh trouhle
carting a ton and a-half of nltoretthm\,^^mt;n ?*„*•*" '?"<* *•* »»««<»-
a-half or two tons. itiSu iiJur/JS ^LTiHS. n " ^ «<> ^<»^ • ton and
growth. ^ *^'' **°* *^ ■»■"« "noont •otually stimolatea

WOlOil WBD,— ALUa, BB-BOOT.

Bv Mr. 8i«ph»H,:

?' ^^you explained to the committee the war tn «>« ,^J «/ n^ ^ .
A. No ; i. that in western OnUrio ,"*• *^ ''"^ *«««*"<» <>« Eed-root I
Q. Tea.
A. And growing among fall wheat f

A ?hff? ^* "*?2^ i \*, "^"^^ "•' ««"« >° »Pring crops f
thattilt "S^of^rd.^^-*' •* " • ^^-'^^ ^^ ^» " "ot much of
it grLT '"™ ^ ^^"* ^^« '^•^ •^''»* ™-«» ^ the richer the land, the worse

wheat JttTtli^SJr^iyio^tSl,*^^^^ whetr wti"^*r«r ^ '•«
land must be cultiyated in the fall or in the i^ ^ '^^ "* abundant, the

By Mr. Bobituon (Elgin):

Q. U that what is ocoamonly called Pigeon Weed I

A. Yes ; and it is a better name for the plaat, to which th. «.«^ i»^

lysBOTB. rtmaouB dibbabkk.-tssteu rembdieb n

vtl^^t f ■* "Pfr "« »° Canada, because wheat is not caUed com here In

w»uo not use ine word com in the same sense, ' Corn-field QromweU ' vmiM <^'w
• wrong unpresawn. Maiie i. what we commonly caU com in CanSr PilZ tS
u, perhapa, the beat name, as it is not used for a5 oST^t. R^ ZT^ ^"^
r>od njune. and explain, itself, because the root is"fn£S. I A^^'ZLt ,^T
I. to give up faU wheat and sow spring crops for a timT ' ^^

By Mr. Stephens:
Q. How long wii! the seed lie in the ground ; is there much oil in it f

JBy Jfr. Bobinton (Elgin):
Q. You have not mudi of it here f

flELD BIKDWEEO,

By Mr. MeEwen:
Q. I suppose you never come into contact with Bindweed f

t ^t^^ yo^ o"Son :fV»'°' '"* '' ^ °°^ ^^^ "^-<^* -* O*^-
A. I hare never been able to do very much with it. excepting by attaekin., it .H
^^e. breakang up the root stock, and never allowinl, a .KirtoXtlSve t£

By Mr. Bobimon (Elgin J:

Q. Give me ^J^nedj tor that, and I think I oould give you a good pr«ent
A. It u a weed which is bad in some nart» nt r»n*— ;/ k . "^ »"■«"*• ,

h«dt'Jit'U/J"" "^ ""' ""^ '"■* ""^ -"^ -""i-"™" ; «. u i. ™,

£y iff. MeBwm:
Q. You have found no way to get rid of it f
A t,^" practical way a. yet. It i. not so widespread a. some other weeds but i.
decidedly more abundant than it was some year. ago. Twenty yea« ^oTwks haM
to find, and botanist, were glad to get specimen, of it to add to their couSt o^ Now
It can be found in many looalitie.. ^u^uoua. jsow.

By Mr. Bohinton (Elgin) :

Q. I. Bindweed the proper name for it t
A. Ye. : Field Bindweed.
Q. It haa a white flower t
A. Ye. ; a white ooiivolvulB»ihaped flower,
draply. It ia a true Convolvulus.

It is a perennial, and roots very

«lt.

^» Ifr. MeEwen:
nwde the remedy moreT^!^!- I* "P ''^^'y with ■•Ithnwk ^ ^' ^'■conn it

Q. And keep extending tK. , . '^^ "'*''* "^"^^ ««

A. Tea • hut y^ '"* the salt f

ByMr.McEwen:

::^If^ '-"^-12 ^piu"- c'J:l't r-,':-" •-"

-^- WeU, no ; the root. . ^ We seen it, ,t wiU «ane out

■trength f t,i the leav J JkT°°* ^**P ^^'^i'W unless th«v K u
terns, and thesT a^ I3y ^i* "'! """f^ call J,XS twf „fc ^ ?'«d with

•*«* At fonas a thick haavy

mSECTa. FVNOOVB DJaEA8Ba,-TMBTMD REMEDIES gS

uifL'^i!"^'* ^•°- .^ l"^^^ »" *«*^ '•'" " t>»t people who want •

^«J^ Tt"l *^ :;7 J-* «~« '»' • t^wn in «v P«t «»£ the world, where Uwn.
^T;L JLi ,""*^ the aame gr^ which i. edled in England. Smooth Meadow-
TO, the b«t lawn grass there, and alw one of the wild grasaea of Canada. It should
^^i ^'a"^ ?*•, "' *^\^^^ to the acre, which i. TS^ sowiST^a. tofom
Teiy thin delicate learesdeliaite in the sen*, of fineness, growing ^ do*, together

wiucb prerents drying ont in hot weather.
Q. Is it all right to sow now f

Q \St".lS;;**^* *^*' ^^ *^ **'^ r^ *^^' WW the seed and then roU it
vl> Wbat about the manures for lawns t

A^The ]mt and safest are the chemical fertiliaers ; even old rotted manure may
AaTe weed seeds in it.

Q. Barnyard manure contains seeds t
;« ♦k^ ^^"^ *'^*^. " ^^o'O'fWy t^raed oyer an^ rotted weU, then it could be used

Z.^ T^ ^"^ !"• •*,!!?* • T*^ ""^ ^^^ »* '^^ ""ked off. rake lightly and break
up thoroughly what is left and work in to the roots. •• v u ur«w

Q. Is wood ashes a good thing for lawns f

A. Excellent on most lands.

Q. But you can put on too much of it t

A. Yes.

By Mr. Blain:
Q. What about dandelions thnt grow up in the lawn f

«n ^raM tfi^ I*^ Ji®*^* *L*"' "^ «f. They «* . deep-rooted perennial, and I
■m afraid there is no other remedy except digfiag them out. . —u *

By Mr. Stephens:

Q. Cutting them off in spring, is that good I

A. Not Teiy ; they are pretty sure to throw xxp shoots later.

Q. Cutting them off underground t

. Jtl^^ ^ri° *^' ^ r? ^^^- The root of the dandeUon. although really

♦f^"**. '"U t»^w out leaf dioots when cut off below the collar If TXddion

TJ^^i^.^^ w"!?*'* P'*^ th«e will throw out leayes at ^eltTtZ

«i^»runent m a hot-bed. to proTe this, some years ago. and. haying dug up a «S

l^i"^ "**.*"* ".*?*• "^ P^*«»' "^^^ I put in the sou of a hotfbeitiy t^w
oirtWd,aotsfromeith«endofthe«v«tepi«».. It is an exceedSSyl^sLtoiT
pbnt and I am a^ the only remedy U to dig them out persirtenS^rir^S^^
which may be fastened in the end of • handle ao aa to aToid sS^i^^ ^^^^'^

By Mr. Blain:

Q. It spreads rapidly t

A. That is from seeds, which are easily blown long distanoea.

By Mr. BobiMon (Blgin):

Q. It spreads no other way except from aeeda t

A. Ko, because it has a single central root, and doea not send o« naniag duHHa.
ByMr.Bo»a(OnUtrioJ:

Q. Did you ever tiy aci<b with than t

A. Tea ; bat that is hardly a practical mnedy.

fl

TBE MNTOMOLOOIBT AND BOTANlM^ .

AWiriMs BBOICB (MUSS.
I win mere^T refer tn A i

▼aloe

the ^ae. «o that the stimwisloJV^ *'**«» «« thrown^ !!!l "?*^ '» •dditionto

tod., C S^ J^^ *^. ri. ,1S rf'SS S^ "" *• ^T^'

"^"H^mwc.uldlik.totrytfca...

nSMCTS, fVmoua OtaMABMa^BBTMU MMMMDtS8 ,

-w^ o.t.i„.w, .T^^ ^^i^ j^^ ^:istd's^,^^^ ^

Mwwi roB ««PA«ma WHionoiDtt akd ri7HoiciD«s.
becu- I beliare they will b^Sl *'ti M:i'b^:^ *" "^^ ''"* "*° »' •^'^•-"^

KEBOSEJtn IXULSION.

* lb. ««p. DiJ^e ui ^;^/;' t''*^^^ ("Of oU) 1 gdlon of rain w.ti? JS

t".™ in the kero«me^nrL ° bri^?L^fi:^ ••*^'' ^"J? *t" ^' "^ ''''"•bo?
with » imrtt of water. ' "' ^'^ minute.. To be dUated before om

WHALI-OIL SOAP.

Pol ¥!Ji!-^u. ^^""J*^ * '^- '° « «f*Uo°8 Of water

TOBAOOO AKD SOAP WASH.
UMI WASH.

Unslaked lime^ 1 to 8 lbs.
Water, 1 gallon.

Strain through a sack before sprayinir
and Pew Paylk, or Flea-louse. ^"^"^

For use against Oyster-sheU Bark-lonae

ALXAUNC WASH.

1^^ «^ «^u, .old z .-dSTr^-s ;;^ fsiriXtL:;

BBixaaoM.
White Hellebore, 1 oi.
Water, 9 gaUona.

Or to b« dusted nndUuted OTer attacked olaati.
Bp«nally useful against Saw-fly larre.

r™? »?^»be Paris grsea appUcaUon to kill off

i»««t. wUeh eat the foliage, tb«

H TBB EKTOMOLOeiBT AND BOTAJflBT. MlPBMJMMirTAL FARMS

, Paris green, tt- .
Fnslaked lime, 1 lb.
Water, 160 gmUoiu.

«1.. Jhte*?*"" " "***u**^ "^"^ ^ ">• *»* ^"^ ««en with 60 n* of fiour. Uud
plaster, slaked lime or any other perfectly diy powder.

CAXKEBWOSM WASH.

To «!!w A ^"**"'*>™ -P-V ••'Jy With the above Paris green wbA.
paper bands, painted with an adhesive mixture, made as follows •—

I^MBOMKO BOmAUX mXTOBI.

trt«e8^ ^oMo»«W « the formola for poisoned Bordeaux mixture for fongi on fmit

Copper sulphate (bluestone), 4 lbs.

Unskked lime, 4 lbs.

Paris grem (for leaf eating insects), 4 or.

Water (1 bbl.), 40 gallons. ,

t.'n^\^ *'°**^' ^f^^^ ^^ suspending it in a wooden or earthen TesMd oon-
?;^iu!!^*"',°"*'^«^'°°'°^ ''■*•'• 8W» the lime in another vessel. If the lime,
wten slaked, IS lumpy or granular, it should be stnuned through coarse sacking or a
fiuo sieve. Pour the copper sulphate solution into a barrel, or it may be diasol^ in
Am in the firjrt pl«» ; hjlffiU the baritd with water, add the sl^ 1^^
•timng aU the time, and then fiU the barrel with water and stir thoroS^^uS
^T^J^. Me. A stock solution of copper sulphate and a lime waah may be ni*.
I»red and kept m separate covered barrels throughout the spraying season. Theauan-
titiea of copper sulphate, hme and water should be carefully noted.

For Potato Rot use 6 lbs. of copper sulphate instead of 4 lbs, and spray directly on
the fohage of the plants on August 1 and 16, and on September 1. «*««"* "»

OOPPKS BCLPHATB SOLUTIOir.

Copper sulphate (bluestone), 1 lb.
Water, 26 gallons.

As soon as dissolved, it is ready for use. For use on fruit trees and grape vines
before the buds open only. ' *^

AXHOHUCAL OOPPtt OABBORAn.

Copper carbonate, 8 oa.
Ammonia, 2 quarts.
Water (1 bbl.), 40 gaUons.

, ^u"" SXT?^!'"^** ^ ^ ammonia. The ammonia and concentrated
solution should be kept in gkss or stqne jars, tightly corked. It U ready for use m
soon as diluted with the 40 gaUons of water. To be used when Bordeaux mixtore
cannot be appued on account of staining the fruit.

Having read over the preceding transcnp of my evidence, I find it correct.

» ^ , . . 3 « JAMIS FLETCHER

Sntomologut and Boiatu$i to th» Dommion MmpwrimmMnrmt,