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Las diagrammas suivants illuatrant la mAthoda. 2 3 5 6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION T|ST CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 2| A x^PPLIED \MAGB 1653 East Main Strp^t F*ocnester, n«w rork U6Ud uSA (716) 482 - 0500 - Phone (716) 288 - 5989 - Fq, circular No. 41 May, H17 ■jnMM»- MANITOBA AORICULTUHAL COLLEGE Some Forage Crops for Manitoba Part l.-8ummer Forafle-E.peclally for Dairy Cow. Part ll._SolllnB and Pasture Crops for Hogs. I I i h II T. J. HARRISON, B. S. A. Professor of Field Husbandry, Manitoba Agricultural College. WINNIPEG, CANADA ^■blUpked by Aoth«rlt7 •» Hoa. V. Winkler, MlBlater of Avrlealtnre and Imal^nitloB 4 xPI PART I. Summer Forage - Especially for Dairy Cows. Crops Oitcusted: 1. Outi 2. Oats nn(' Peas or Oats and Vetcli. 3. Corn. 4 Spring Ryt. 6. Rape. 6. Klelrl Roots. 7. Mllletn. 8. Winter Hy: Throtifrhoiir Wcstoni Canada the farmers are beiiijr asked to in- crease the number of live stock on the fanns and to pn.duee larger quantities of dairy products. If this is to be done, the sMmmcr feed that is used for live stoek must be inereased in quantity and improved in quality. The only means of aeeomplishing this at the present time i« by plantinp annual crops that can be ufied either for pasture or soilinp purposes. WHY ANNUAL FORAGE CROPS SHOULD BE PLANTED. 1. To supply feed that will keep up the milk flow In August and September .. To provide feed when Die rcKular pastures have winter killed. 3. To help feed the extra stock tliat was purchased in the winter or spring 4. To assist In keepins down the weeds In fields that cannot bo summer- (allowed. REQUIREMENTS OF A GOOD ANNUAL FORAGE CROP. Any ci'op that fulfils the followiujr reciiiircmenls can be u>('(I for annual pasture or .soilinc; purposes: 1. It must thrive on poor soil. 2. The seed must bo flieap and easily procured. 3. The plants must prow readily. 4. The crop must not be easily killnd by Rrazlng. 5. The crop must be readily eaten hy the stock and not injure the fluvo the butter or cheese. 6. The soil should be left in good condition for the succeeding crop of wli CROPS THAT CAN BE USED. The followincr crops fulfil most of the above requircnents : l- ^^'*- S- Rape or Thousand iiended kale. 2. Oats and peas, or oats and vetch. 6. Field roots •'»• forn. 7. Millets. 4. Spring rye. 8, Winter rye. OATS. The use of oatfi for this purpofie is to be recommended because the seed is easily procured and it produces an abundance of palatable food. Kind of Land. — Oats can be sown on summerfallow or enru land, but where this land can be sown tn wheat it -will be considered better farm practice to put the oats on stubbie land. If there is a field that is badly infestcfl with Avild oats, it could be sown to advantage Avith oats for the en , will either be cut f>r pastured down before the wild ©tt« have produced seed. PAGE TWO %^ DaU of Planting.— [rom May 10th to .lubr lOth ui Lh. n.»«^ during wluH, .,„, oau be ,ow. for ,.U,, purpo^ s"v.«n-^LrZ« about luo ueeks apart sbo :,U1 be ma.le." Tliu, wm i,ii,u" ^tur. S .mhi.e .-rops tro.M July '.>th until th. li.*t kiUuiK fro-T bushf^s*Mc.?'.frf "ifTT^'A,'" ^;"'""'" '-^'P^ '^^ °'^'» '» ^""^i' -"• two ^m.;:,,;:.',;;!..; " ''" ^'""^^"'•^' '-^-^'^ " "'"^«^- '-'^--' ««j-g .o.,'f^??:1,:l^^:^--'- ^"^ '"^"->- Krai, dnll and... tb. OATS AND PEAS OR OATS AND VETCH. Tli. .■mmhu-iiuu of pons or voteh into the mixture will greatly mi ou> tlu. .c...lm;. .luahties, but will increase the cost of seeding. " 1' ^ .{.".sired, the tollowinfj mixture gives good sati.sfaC ion • bu«hd:or ■■' ""''' "'" ''"'^''''' ^"'^ t,'anadia« Fidd Pea, one Tl,!. .'^•'""^•'•/"■^'«- t^\" l^i'filiels, and Common Vetch, forty pounds for oat ■ " '" "' "^^♦"^d"'^' ^vill be si,..ilar to that outlined CORN. tj.rn has not been used to a very large extent either for soiling . pasture purposes. It can be u«ed for soiling to better advantage han for pasture^ When utilized in this .nannef, Northwestern De.ft . ne.o,;, >,o. 13 and Longfellow will prove to b; the better varieties I It is to oe uM'd as pasture, Improved S.piaw, Gehu and some of the "ther early maturing varieties can be used. ,.,wi?f°/^ "^^ Land.-Corr should he planted ,.n land whieh was in- vHlJ.h^v.';'"!'""!' '"''"" . ^^ ''•■'•' ''"'" ^"""d ^'''-^t land that has been well cultivated wih corn has given better yields of wheat tho follow ing year than the bare summerfallow. It cm, therefore be used as a substitute for the bare fallow. inereiore, De used as a Date of Planting.-If it is to be used as a c^oiling crop, the seed hotdd be sown about May 24th. If it is to be u.ed ^sl^a.stu'ic and the jS 24:1; m7d;SS,""^^^"' '" ^''"^'"^^ ^'""^^ ''^ '^""^ ^«^--" Method of Planting.-The seed can be planted with an ordinary Srain drill by closing up the spouts in the bottom of the box, allowing one to run ev^ry lU; inches apart. This plants the corn in rows thref eet apart. "U here the soil is at all weedy, it will be found mu-h heaper m eul ivatmg to plant tho ,M.rn u-ith the corn planter, cheek n" the com in hills three feet apart each way. Rate.of Planting.-When the corn Ls planted with the crnin drill It w,ll rcuire about 30 pounds of seed per acre. If it is planted in checked rows, it will require about 15 pounds of seed. Cultivating-.— After the corn is planto,] it should be harrow ed three or four times, or until the plant is about 5 or fi inches hi<^h aft^r u-hich. If the weeds are bad, it will require intertilling. PAGE THREE 11 I 5 : ^ BPRINQ RYE. Spring rye is a crop that caii be used to good advantage either for aummer pasture or for soiling purposes because it will grow and thnve on light, eandy soil or soil in poor physical condition. Kind of Land.— Spring rye will give best result** on land in good condition, but smee it can be grown on oxhaustcl, handv soils, thi« will be found the most profitabi'> place to .sow it. Any lidd'that should be suninierfallowcd, but cannot be, could be ut lizcd fur this purpose, .u P**« °f ^laotiJiaf— The seed should be sown fiometuiie between the l«t of May and 10th of July. If successive sccdmw similar to that iLCommendcd for oats are made, it will insure pa«ture or soiling crops from midsummer until the first killing frost. Rate of Seeding.— The seed should be sown about W, bushels per acre. Method of Seeding.— Sow with an ordinary grain drill, running the disks or shoes about 21/0 inches deep. RAPE OR THOUSAND-HEADED KALE. Rape or Thousand-Headed Kale cannot be used to advantage a/s summer forage for dairy cows because it will have a tendency to tnint the milk. It can oe used to good advantage as feed for young dairy stock or ,eef cattle. It will probably be found more useful for late -Jl pa;iture than for early fall or late miinmer pasture because it can withstand considerable fn^t and still remain green. *r...^^^ °^ Land.-These crops can b^ sown on land which has been treated aa fiummerfallow until fairly late in the summer, but will however, thri.e on i.ny rich, well cultivated piece of land Date of Planting.-If the crop i8 to be used for early fodder ^n!J^^^WM^ IS necessary If it is planted sometime between 10th ?or In?! fnli ^^. '^ ''''•" ^'""fl'l^ P^'^"''^ '" 'T^^y- As it is recommended for late fall pasture, it could be sown to advantage on land which had should be sow" '"'""'"^^"""' ""*'' a^"»^ 'Tu^.v ■''^^h. "'hen the seed Method of Planting—There are two methods of planting that can be used to advantage, depending largely upon the weec" K th land IS free from weeds, the seed can be sown broadcast, using about 6 pounds per acre. If the soil happens to he weedv, better resv"u will be obtained by sowing in drills. The ,.rain drill 'en be fitted up as for sowing corn and the seed sown in drills 3f, inches apart Cnltivation.-Tf the crop is sown in drills, i, can Se c nuivnted with the corn cultivator to keep do^vn the weeds. '•"'f'^nted FIELD ROOTS. Mangels and turnip.s are the two root crops that can be used for summer and fall forage. If it is dairy cows that the food is bein- raised for. mangels would prove more satisfactorv than turnins he" can.se they would not taint the milk. " ^ tn nW^?.^*°.?"~^r^"^\^''u''r ""r '* ^^''" ^' f"""'^ advantageous to plant the seed on land which has been summerfnllowed This in sure*! a quick growth and a small amount of weeds. PAGE FOUR Inll forage. ''^ '"'' '"* ''"'>• •'^t 1""" pr.Hlu,...l good - ?' "-tT^!;,.r!!,-;c,'^::^-.-- -. .».. .™f',!';^;!.rr*r,,-'-;,-.™^^ '■ - MILL£TS Innd Hh. Ic . ,. ; ^ "" ^T ^'T •''"■'"- Pl"^''«'l ''tul'l^l'' The dav ^s p ,0 . ;'•,;:'■'■' ■r'^''-,r'"'^^i ""^^ ^'"^ ^^^^ ->-" »- «a,ne iM"gorM.inating. "'" •'''' ""* '''"'^ *'^" ■^'■^''' '^^ «'«"' Date of Planting.-TI.e .niilcts are warm elin.ale plants- .oim- " '"■ J^'^l T^""^ ■■'=•*• "''t'-'i"^^! f'-"'" '"illet« plantcl al.nnt June 10th ponn^*t,or'a?,f "'-''^ ''''^ ^^'""^' '•*• --' "' ^'- -to of 20 or.Hin^nr?°** ^^ Planting.-The best method of «owin« is to use an ordinary grain drill, sowing the seed in every cup the same Is when or oats and running the disks or shoes about 1 to iV! hiches deep WINTER RYE. ^roU i "e jal: l'^:!! '^"^ ""•'•^- '" ^^^ '^P'-^ »>«f'»- the other AU.S1J;- "^^i^^Sir^ ^'"''' '" ^''^^^ ^""'^»'- '-^'-'^ > pose?^t^^!^sn:"r..is ^sss^- ;^rr - -^"- -•^- facti^jftS^e fe^Jtt-?ft -;l'T[>' f 4 ^^'">- ''^ -- will not be greatly injure^AVtheVri^tg'of'S^'rck^"""^ """'''^^ t XE FIVE I ART II Soiling: and Pasture Crops for Hogs. It IwiH Ik'cii ilcimnisiniti'il l>y llic Aijriciiltiiral < ullcj^e, Kxpcri itictital Kiii'iiiM and pioiiinii'iil li>>'^ rai^crx that lhiu>< iMiiant li<- imim'iI t'ciHiDiiiii'ally uiilt'ss u lai'Kc porl, mi of tlifir suniiiicr riitiuiiH are uoin piiftfd ol (,'i'e«!ii i'roj)H. WlietliiT lliise cmpH will he pastiircl or cut and l'i'?rown. Where the pignery is fonvenient to the lii'kU, or whore hog cots arc ij^cd, hy far the chcapcul method is to let the iioifs pasture on the diflVrctit eroi)S. Where it is not convenient to arrange for this, it will he f'' """•" "' i. two the o„t« and pea mnv he all.nve, , ' " '"'^'/T"' ^'"'^ ' '"•"• CORN OR SUMMERFALLOW .. "■™l;^'^^ri::,l,fr:■:,;';;ir:;;:,:;l :;7,;r ; ->, ' .1. I" i." i.. .m.i .1,. ,':,.„■"..':,',:,;'■'' ''"" '"-" '"»""■'"'■ ""■ '-<=- -" ALPAIPA .ho,,,., h^t;;;,;:;;:..^:!;^::'";,;^':^^?-,;-- - •- present .. t„e .o„. u... noftle, of ,.,„„.re niav t ^hS^-;,;;' ''■:,^^^^ = P-""" P- a^re^ , or ,0 t rV h""""' '^''''*' ^"''"' *" J""« 16- Mix ihe Teed wTth ?w "e'the"nuan't.,';'nf o "■"'," '''•"'• '"""'"'^ °"« 'n<-h deep H-hieh the fine flour has been hlowTf w th ^ff ^"■"*"'?.'' ^'^"^^ <"• Parley fZ to sow two pecks of wheatU wnTpuT n ahom" "/ """^ '' *"*' «««"«'■'■■' "^^ 6. Sow without a nurse crop '^if intl dHft.nl ?"?•"' "J ^"^"* ''««^- per acre may be sown, but the oats sho« d hi ^f ''Z^^?/"- « "ushel of oat. •« the alfalfa plants are estabUshed ^^ "*■"" ^ "'°''*^ *« """n « 'nches'lJ!^h!'"^d"^elv:'■lhe^^p7n';sf t", i^%!i"^';^ ^"•' '^^^''^ «^« »bom liirh enough not to inlure the c?own of' „l i^'", "..^J^ ^^^ «"'"'"'^ "ar b« *uri.r the summer, th^ last' UnfeTo? .ater'"thf^Au.u'si"',5tr "' *"•«'' ""^ PACE SEVEN I i - i a -,i=rK^-" "SI Agncultural College. If ,t ,s sown on the corn land, this should be well dusced in the sprinjj to work up a -ood, loose mulch on the sur- face and to kill the weeds and the seed sown aceordin? to the bulletin mentioned above While it would not be advisable 'to pa«ti,re hi" closely m the fall if the hogs' no«es were well ringed to prevent rooting, pasturing lightly would not hurt it to any great extent The second season, however, it could be used quite extensively. CONCLUSION. With the above crops and arranging the dates of seedin" a con- tinuous pasture throughout the whole summer mav be obtaine'd which w! n^^^ r^''u ^'''/"^'^ "^ producing pork. " While the pasture will help materially in feeding th« hojjs. it will be necessarv to -jve them some grain ration. Tf it is not possible to arrange the fields con- veniently for pasture, the different crops may be cut green and fed in the piggery. PAGE EIGHT ^^n.^ 'A's^'v »-^~'.^r"]E*->:'V7 r^wT T3^-J>, V''- -f^'J