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Maps, plates, chans. etc.. may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. Tha following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartas, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent atre filmis A des taux de reduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour etra raproduit en un seul clichA. il est film* i partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche it droits. et da haut an bas, an pranant le nombre d'imagas nicessaire. Las diagrammas suivants iliustrent le mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 .7. !i "•fr.y.rr,. 'vrr- MICROCOP RtSOlUTION TIST GHAUT (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2l ^ /APPLIED IM/IGE In '651 £ost Moin S'reet f^ochester. New rork "4609 uSA (716) 482 - 0300 - P'-'.^e (716) 288- S989 - F„. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, CANADA FORESTRY BRANCH Hen. PRANK OLIVBR, Minister ef tlie Interior W. W. OORV, Deputy Minister of the Interior R. H. CAMPBKLL, Superintendent of Forestry BULLETIN No. 3 THE DOMINION FOREST RESERVES A. KNECHTEU INSPECTOR DOMINION FOREST RESERVES. f / Lf I THE DUMIXICN FORKS! RESERVES. Intkoductoky. It would almost seem as if tlie white race had ,bej,'un wrong on this continent. Needing cleared land for agriculture we started in the woods, and now when we need woods .,e start on the cleared land. The arrangement was not an economic one. The prairie should have been located near the Atlantic and the woodland in the Northwest. Arranged as it was, with the forest on the land that was close to the market for its j)ro- ducts, forest destruction was at hrst a necessity, and later became a habit. Fire, the good servant in clearing the land, ran ram- pant carr\'ing forest devastation far beyond the necessities of the people. The earliest settlers, coming from Europe were used to forest conservation. They had practi.sed it in the countries from which they came. Forest destruction was to them a new thing; but the forests were so vast that they thought there could never be a scarcity of wood, and they reasoned that the more the forest was destroyed, the more the agricultural interests of the country would be advanced. But the modern settler sees the forest in a different light, especially so in the great North- west where on the wide prairie wood is a luxury. To him forest con.servation is the necessity, not forest destruction. He has no delight in the devastation of the woods by tire, and he hails with hope k'^'islation and management tending to improve the condition ol he forest. He sees clearlv that his comfort and his agricultural interests are closelv dependent upon a plentiful supply of wood. The country is so vast and the demand for wood so great, it is a tremendous problem to so manage the forests that this demand may be met continuously. Hope seems to lie in the creation of forest reserves, and the policy of setting aside land to be used as forest reserves is now pretty well established by the Dominion Government. The Dominion Forest Reserves are intended to preserve and produce a perpetual supply of timber for the people of the Tht Canadian I'orestry Journal prairie, tht- hot U'stcadcrs' m-fils U'lnj,; (imsidcnMl dI tirst impor- liimo. Tliey urr tu»t inlnicleil to furiiisli wooil fur llie IumiUt tradf. Home till- polii V of llu' Dt-partnifnt is favorahli- to small mills rathtT tliati to larvji' oiU'S wliiili i\ri'il larv;i' traits of forist and mamitaiturf lumU-r bcvond llu- iii-imIs of the stttUrs To furnish wood is priinariK' tlif ptir])osi' of Parliament in tlie rreation of the reserves. To U- sure, our le^jishitors are not unmindful of other blessings of the forest Thev are well aware that forests feed s])rin^;s. prevent Moods, liinder iTosion, shelter froTii storms, i;i\i' hcaltn and recreation, protei I j,'ame and tish, and )i\\-v the rountry aesthetii features Howevi-r, the Domin- ion Forest Reserve policy has for its motto, "Seek ye first the {iroduftion of wood and its ri>,'ht use and all these other thinj^s will !«• added unto it. " l,o(ATioN' AM) .\kk.\. The Dominion Fore ;t Resrrves all lie in tlii' iiorlhwestern provinces Thes' are twenty-six in numbev. including the parks whose timber is managed in preiisely the same way as that of the timber resi'r\ IS pro]>er. The number twent\-six ilocs not iiKJude the e.istfrn sloy)e of the Roikies. however, althouj^h it also is under inaiiaHement smiilar to that of the forest restTves. Manitoba has six resei' The Pines ■ " 145 Heaver Hills " " 72 miles. Total 740 Alberta has six, namely; Jasper Park Reserve, Kjntaining 5000 Rocky Mountain Park Res." 4500 C(joking Lake Reserve, " 114 Kootenav Lakes, " 54 Cvpress Hills " 18 Elk Island " 16 sc]. miles. Total 9702 lite Pomiiiii'ti horc^t Risi'riv: HfUlsli Ciiluntl'M lias ten. ilaltu-l\' Vi.hd i'ar'k Ki-Mi'.f, > iiiii.uiiiiiL; (ihdiff I'.irk Hal (Vfik 1,111);,' Lake TraiiiiuiUc XiskdnliMi M.mtc llilN D.mahl I.an h liills Martin Mmimaiii Total Miinniari/itiv;: Maiiitoha \\A> ^,5751 >(]. tiiUos Saskatcticwaii 740 " Alhcrta •• '',702 " H. r .',2'>5 ■• Hjs], s(}. jinli'S. 57(." 208 IW 14'> 1241 72 18 2205 •• 2,2.SH,l(il) acres. 47. K 000 (),2()<».2HO 1.4f)7,S()0 Grain! Total ir.,<12i 10,4,<,S.H4ii Uai'is oi- Fuumation. The Dominion (rivcrnmcnt awol.c to the necessity of fonnini^,' forest resor\(S in 1,H,S7. any Dei>annienlal Order. 1S'I5. Mav W. -The Kootenav L.ikcs Reserve, by Order m Council. 1,S<'.=; |ulv l.< Ridiiii,' Mount. .in Res> rve. by Departmental 0"rd(T. 18('5, July 13, -1-akc .Manitoba West Reserve, by Depart- mental Order. ISQ.'^, lulv 13, -Spruce Woods Reserve, by Dcpartmcnt.il Order. bSOS, July 1.^, Turtle Mountain Reserve, by Departmental Order. bSOO. June 5, -ConkinK Lake Reserve, bv Departmental Order, lont, Dci. 14, -Voho Park Reserve, by Order in Council. 1001, Aug. 2Q.— Beaver Hills Reserve, !>;• Departmental 1902, Nov. ,S —Long Lake Reserve, by Departmental Order. //if C'inikii !'i hi'ffstry Jounuil tii'Atislijps hy Alt ot ?*:ir!i:i!ii('nt r\lcn I'fOo 1 <)()(. 1 <)()». I'lO'i In li:itti.,riital Order. .\> t (il I'arliaiiictit. Tlic I'itit s Ucscrxc, l>\ I 111. k Mt, Ui s. r\c, liy I'lin III Mio \niit'l 'i'rati(|iiil]c Hat I'rtTk Donald i.arcli Hills Klk Island laspor Park. i'ark. rcdiKC'd 105 «(). miles, hy Order in hv OrdtT in ('ouiuil. Coiiiu il. Till' work ot makinj,' forest reserves is >till proKTessinj;, and will need to jiroj^'ress in Canada for many rears. This year the reKion around the Waterton Lakes in southwestern AUierta was cxaminf(l for this purpose. The forester who examined it recommended that 1''5 square miles lie set aside. Also, terri- tories adjacent to certain reserves have been examined with view to ascertaininj,' their suitaliility to he added. Recommen- dations have been made that 1.^0 square miles Ik* added to the Spruce Woods Reserve in Manitoba, .',2 square miles to the Cypress Hi'"s Reserve in Alberta. It is the policy of ''e Departm'-nt in throwinj^ open territories for settlement, -o nut into forest reserves all lat.d that is unsuited to agriculture or j,'raiiini,', and in making these examinations the foresters ha\-e kept this [)oliiy in mind. Gr.^zi.vc. on Forkst Rkserves. It is not the policy of the Department, however, to exclude from the reserves all land suital>le for grazing. In fact, they alrea . hide large grazing areas, and. if the recommcnda- ti ms . ..e this year be sustained, such areas will be added to the Cypress Hills and Beaver Hills These areas arc among timber, and so we include them, rather than to exclude the timber. Xor is it the polity of the Department to prevent grazing on these areas. For several reasons it is desirable that they should be grazed. The forest reserves are for the use of /(';, /><'.,; '•!/»)( hi'ti^l KiWrrrs. ,,i,v t'> • ilosir;i!'li iil>K tin- j;ri'Uii(l IS til, |, Willi', tip II win -houM K""'l K^-*- '" %v.i-,l: It It ' m '.<■ iiiilizfl' 'Hu- v;r.r/.inK m -. iiv .. [ir.iti'i tliill In lllf V\ I'li" (..MTfil witli .1 'litis.' v'rnwth oi u.iiK unis^ .in.! i«'.imi»' I Ihh, uh, n .Irv, (.iUr> mtii !i tti. 1 fnr tirr . atnl wtu-n th.' tm- oiu.- K-ts into it, it is :iliiinst uiipM-^MMi- tn . lit'i-k th«- ll.mi. s the pniiric h.i f tmi' It 'li<' -'"" ''•''"' •'"' ''"' ''"'^'' to w.ittr tln'v follow one .i th tollow dav attiT -lav Tli.'S( i...ih'^ an lir.' liti.'s wIi.t.' tti. may U- < h kv'\. sn-all ■> bf sun , liit tlu-n' arr tnaiiv ol ili m ami tlii'v «. 1- litK's troiii wlmh to ha. a liri'. IVrliai-s It will li< ol'j.Tl.'.l that ^raziiiK prohil.its tlu n pro auction of tituLor. it serins to tii' now.-vir that tli. inl.r (".It til- If. " y. '. aii'l make paths whi. h 1 1.- V lire fert'i' t with rf))ro(hu tion from tliis.,iusi' is i- I kuo'W in the West inanv liehls grazed • .Dino into timher Then' is .l.'in^;er froti ■ judicious ^r.iziiiK' there is nui. !i less daii^;. and p'-.ivinc. , I, o\erestiinati'il. naiitly th.it havp 'razinv;. I'^t from m from Ion).; v;rass I'koTKCTIoN Ai.AlNST FtHK. The pn.l.lem of pniterlmt; the forest reserves aKainst hi-f is the most d.tfu ult one we have. Th.' fir.- problem is our .omparison. liovesir. we must not only .-onsider the numl^r of rainv davs hut also tl.c .luat-'ity of rain falling,' on tliose days; heeause, although a . n: .y ht considered rainy, there mav not he pt eipilation en.) to eimnt much t..war.|s ptittinu <>ut a forest tire. Ti.e fol! -ng table is a comparison for th.- Our nlau's mrntH.neo showing the .ivera^c numlior of rainy days in each of 1'. summer months, an.l the averau*' quantity ot r<->i" falling 'Hom montlis it is e.jminled from statistics furr.i hed 1 >' mc Meteorol.)Kical Service published in a volume eii. .:ed •'Ram and Snow-l'.iU of Canada." 00!i^5056 k Again, in respect to population the East has the advantage. When a forest fire starts in Ontario or Quebec, you can just M i Pnrest Reserves The Dominion Forest and soon ha^e a i ^^^lon is ^^^,^'^,;_ is not so «o'>^- ^l the Northwest the PV cummunKation |s ^^^^^^ ^^ s nun^erous. and ^elephomc ^^^. ^t t^ see that t^ns do that <^-^^l1.^tlo^:\\\ the more diUgent to "' ^^^'"^'- ,,e under constant P^^-^;^""^-^^^ r^^^s-^r^r^'^e^^^ n,ostW '^"^■"f^.oung reproduction groxvth ^^as boundaries. «^,\'^^^' ,,, {or want of iuc\, .,^, around fire line and died °"^ f;,^,e burne.l for "^'^("^^ JJ^a the Por- Sountains the meadows ^^^ ^.iics and arour> ^^^^ Jhe Duck Mountains tor on.^^.^^^ ^^^ ^^^^Tt s^^'-- ^" "^^ 'cupme Mountain ^^^^^^ ,,,,,, on ^^^s it out upon gerous places, u i ^acticablc, ana the reserves vvhereser ^^^^^^ an extensive scale. ^ ^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^1°" Cvpress HiUs Plowed fire ^^"^^\^ ;"forest ranger on -he C P e ^^^^^^ some of the '"eserves. Ihe Jo ^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^"7^^^ s mt ^°"^ ^^ " Ls mstructions^o plow^a g^ ^^ . four rods dst- ^^ ,,.. . one of ^^-^^^Vlh -rosscs the reserve. ^serves are Railway which crossc ^ through f-re^^^^,! ^,„d Roads along the V,oundari^^^^.^^^ ^^^ ^"t-es these roads ^nS^^"^i.f ^S^st^^r? n^^^ ^^ north and so»tl^ There ^he 6res mostly come u ^^ ^^^ g :5!-Sf Srto X' -^.^T'S'r^^erto' mSe a «.. .o«o»- of 'fire the forest ranger v.- la -W^n 10 Tlie Canadian Forestry Journal. ing the southern lioumlary. This will not only makr it easier to move about on the reserve but it will serve as a lire line from whiih back tiring may lie done. Rki-oukstinc. The Department is makinj,' an attempt to reforest some ot the areas denu-led by tire. From some experiments made last sprint,', i' would apj)ear that this might be aeeomplishable by putting d.ov.-n a few seeds with a handful of sand over them at each place where we wish to have a forest tree. This was tried on tlu' Turtle Mountains and on the Spruce Woods Reserve. In the former it was .successful, in the latter unsuccessful. On the Turtle Mountains the seed was thus placed under poplars and among long grass. The following si)ecies were planted: White Pine X()r\wiy Pine, Jack Pine, Hull Pine, White Si)ruce, Red Spruce. Colorado Blue Spruce, Engelma..,! Spruce and Balsam. Among the poplars th" seed was evidently taken by birds, rodents or insects; but in the long grass every species terminated, and just before snow-fall the trees were alive and looking well. It is intended to carry on a variety of such exjicriments next summer. For this imrjiose the forest ranger on the Spruce Woods Reserve collc'-ted last fall 40 bushels of Spruce cones, the ranger on the Cvpress Hills 40 bush(ds of Lodgepole Pine, and a party of foresters working on the Pines Reserve 50 bushels of Jack Pine. These arc the si)ecics with which we ho]ie to achieve success as they are tlie (mes likely to prove hardy. We shall do our best to win along this line, because the method of raising trees in nurseries until they are three or four vears old and then setting them out into the field is far too slow and loo expensive a method to count much towards meeting the demand for wood that will develop on this continent during the next Imndred vears. The nursery method is simply gardening. It is a good method for the farmer's wooddot. Foresters should, however, seek for a method commensurate to the needs of the (lovemmcnt lands. In the meantime, however, we arc not despising the gardening method even on the reserves. We may be forced to use it. and next spring we shall start some seed beds. In fact .^5,000 trees have already been y)lanted on the Spruce Wof)ds Reserve, from stock raised at the Forestry Farm at Indian Head. Remov.\l of squatteks. A large nuinber of people, mostly foreigners, had located and started farming operations upon the reserves, expecting some time in some way, political or otherwise, they would be permitted to make entry for the places they occupied. The t a The Dominion Forest Reserves 9 go out to the lOO-iicre farms, and to thf nunuroiis small villages and soon have a forte of men to ])Ut it under eontrol. Hut m the Northwest the population is searce, railroads are not so numerous, and telephonie loinmunieation is not .so ^ood In that country we eannot count much on putting,' out f( -est tires and so we have to be all the more diligent to see th.,t tins do not get started. The reserves are under constant patrol, summer am! winter. DurinL' the danger periods the rangers lav asi.le all other duf.es and guard the forest against fire. In 1008. we had only two tires of anv consequence, one in the Pines Reserve whuh burned over 22 square miles ilestroving no merchantable timber, and one in the Turtle Mountains, extending over 28 scjuare miles. mostlv covered with grass. In each of these tires, however, large areas of young re])roduction growth was destroyed. La.st year we began a practice which we know saved the reserves several tires. It is a well known fact that, m the early spring, the fields become bare and the grass dry before the snow is all gone from the woods. While such conditions existed the forest rangers burned the meachnvs along llie rest rve boundaries. Fires, coming in fmm the prairie, mci thi> wide fire line and died out tor want of fuel. Around the Ridmg Mountains the meadows were burned for ninci\- ii,.;cs. a.roiind the Duck McAintains for fortv-two miles, and around the I or- cupine Mountains for thirtv miles, all these in tlu most dan- gerous places. It is the intention to extend this iir.iclic- to all the reserves wherever it is i)ra( ticable, ,-ind ;(> ciirry it oui upon an extensive scale. Plowed fire guards also will be ukkU' around and "aross some of the reserves. The forest ranger on the Cypress llihs has instructions to ])low a guanl of four furrows entirely around the reserve, and outside of this four rods distant from U a second guard. Then, on calm 'lavs, with the help rS two or three men he is to burn the gra^s between the two guards. On the Spruce Woods Reserve m \-cr;i! gtiards will be plowed, one of whi( h will run along each side of the Canadian Northern Railway which cros.scs the rcserxe. Roads along the boundaries an.yl beds. In fact ,^5,000 trees have already been planted on the Spruce Woods Reserve, from stock raised at the Forestry Farm at Indian Head. Removal of squatters. A large number of people, mostly foreigners, had located and started farming operation^-- upon the reserves, expecting some time in some way, political or otherwise, they would be permitted to make enm- for the places they occupied. The I ?i.':x.".^<%s^'r3s:«'2'iWi6£ii«; Tin Dominion Forgsts Reserves U Department (ictermim-il upoti tluir rrnioval. Tlu'\ iiunilnTcd one hundred and twenty-six ,'ro\vth thereon should he managed, a timl>er and topographic survev is l.ein« eon.kuted. Last summer Assistant Insi.eei„r MacMillan with a party of hve forestry students conduete.l such survev of the Fines Reserve. Assistant Inspector Dickson did simihir work with a party of thirteen in the KuUnn Mountains. It is the intention to have tour such parties (;n tlie reserves next summer. This survev serves a doul.le ^nuil pur- pose. It gives the Department the knowledge it dcsi cs and gives the students the practical si.le of their forestry course. The timber survev makes a thorough study of the tree growth It gives the areas covered with mature timber and with younger timber and states the ciuantitv ..f each It i nnsiders the accretion and the rcproiluction of limber m tlic t(,rcsl and discovers means lor their cncoura^;cmenl m quantity anil i|ualit> . It examines areas having no tree growth and n^commen.ls methods bv which thev mav be allorcsted. It studies the etlect of iiast management upon the forest, and a.lxises improvemnits for tl-.e future. It suggests means by which dangers to the forest from lire, storms, fungi and insects may be reduced, .t investigates the utilization of the forest, an.i- Ixi n rftni)\, F. R." (Dominion Forest Reser\e) and the .)art that projects out of the Kmund is painted red so that it will be readily oh.servahle. summer and n inter. ConsideraMc wcrk was done in this difcction last year. Mr. David Beattv, a Dominion Laml Surveyor, was at work with a partv of men on the unsurveyed portion of the hounchiry of the Porcupine Reserve and ran tiftv-one miles of the line. The forest ran^'ers are working on the boundaries that have been surveved and ha\e located 140 miles. This work was in many places ditticull of aeeomiilisluv, -u. It was about thirty years since the lines had been surveyed and some of them havinij been burned over, the wooden jiosts had been destrovcd and the mounds almost obliterated. People familiar with the West know, also, that mosquitoes and flics are numerous and troublesome in the summer months. As it is the intention to have the boun.'ary line a road from which fire can be fought it was cut out from six to eii^dit feet wide. Much more of this work would have been done if the rangers could have bctmn early in the spring. But during tlie early part of the summer they were all busy with the removal of squatters. ;;TtM» 12 Thi Canadian Forestry Journal. KoKKSr Sl'KVKY. In onltT tli.it till' Dcpitrtnu-nt ni;i\ Ikc »■ a tli(ir()iij,'li kiKiw- ledHf of t'le rt'scrves and !)Ci')tno 'lilc to iwrin juilv;nifiit as to liovv the trt'i' ^^Towth tluTCoii should In- rnana^jt'd, a tinilcr and tojxij^Taphu .sur\ty is Uinj^ lomku tcil. Last suinniiT Assistant Iiispi'itor MaiMillan with a party ot tive furt'stry sludi'iits i(inriptti tinjj the forest a^'ainst tire. Kinds m- Timhkk. The InllowiiiL; sjieeies of trees I'.xisl in eom'nerrial ijuantity on the forest reserves: — I'ojilar (I'opithis /^('<)(/(/c'^/^,^ Mielix.) and Balm of Ciilead {/'■■•piling hdlsdiiiiji'ra Linn.) exist on all rescr.es east of the Roekies. Poplar n aclu ~ a maximum sizi' of >-' im lies al Ureasl hei.yht. Fiftten inehe^-. however, is the lari;est eommon size for sound Ireis. Halm oi (lilead reaelus a niaxiiiium ot .U inches, with a eommon lar^^e sizi', sound, of IS iiulies. White Sprue- (I'iu\: , .di././ch.w'.s [.Mill.] 13. S. P.) an,; Mlaek Sprueo (J'iccd mariana [Mill] B.S.P.) exist on ill reserves east of the Rmkies exeepl Turtle Mountain, Moose Mount.dn, Beaver Hills, Cookin;,' Lake, Elk Island and But'talo Park re^'T^es. Maximum 4S inches; eommon lar^e, sound, 18 iliehe:.. Kn^f^lmann Spruee (I'iica oiticlniatnii En^clm.) exists on V c Kootenay Lakes, Jasper Park, Rocky Mountain Park and /n.y. Kiln . \1..M i!.Mt, K. ,T-- . M.nM ■! l',„, 1 Sill-MA I'.irl \ MIMini.T l'J"S The Dominion Forest Kc series 13 all Firitish ColumMa rescrvt-s. Maxinuun 50 inches; loiiinion large, sound, 16 inches. Jack Pine (Piniis baiiksiami Lamb.) exists on all Maritoba reserves except the Spruce Woods an inches; common large, sound, 26 inches. Western White Pine (Finns monticola Dougl.) exists on all British Columbia re.serves. Maximum ?>2 inches; common large, sound, 24 inches. Tamarack {Lari\ amcricana Michx.) exists on all the Manitoba reserves except Turtle .Mountain. It occurs on the Pines and Porcupine reserves in Saskatchewan, and on the Jasper Park in Alberta. .Maximum 24 inches; common large, sound, 14 inches. Western Larch {Lan\ occidcntalis Xutt.) exists on all the British Columbia reserves. Maximum .50 inches; common large, sound, 24 inches. Douglas Fir (Fsctidotsiiga miuronata Sudw.) exists on the Kootenav Lakes, Jasper Park. Rocky .Mountain Park and all British Columbia reserves. Maximum ^l^ inches; common large, sound, 24 inches. Balsam {Abies halsamca [Linn.] .Mill.) exists on Ridmg Mountain, Duck Mountain, Porcuyiine and Lake Manitoba West reserves. Maximum 17 inches; commtjn large, sound, K) inches. Western Cedar {Thuja plicata Don.) exists on all British Columbia reserves. Maximum 84 inches; common large, sound, 40 inches. Western Hemlock {Tsuga mertcnswna, authors) exists on the British Columbia reserves. Maximum 35 inches; common large, sound, 10 inches. White Birch {Bctida papyrifera Marsh.) exists on the Manitoba reserves. Maximum 26 inches; common large, sound. 14 inches. . . There are also on the Manitoba reserves small quantitic-s of merchantable Green Ash (Fraximts lanceolala Borkh.). Maximum 12 inches; common large, sound, 8 inches. Bur Oak {Quercus niacrocarpa Michx.). Maximum 27 inches; common large, sound, 10 inches. Manitoba Maple {Acer negundo Lmn,). Maximum 11 inches; common large, sound, 7 inches. 14 The Canadian Forestry Journal. Timber Estimates. \s has l)ecn previously stated, llic Department is making a forest survey of the reserves which shouUi give a close estmiate of the timber thereon. Such estimate has been made tor the Riding Mountain Turtle Mountain, Moose Mountain and the Pines rp::erves, and for these the following figures are proliably close to the actual quantities on those reserves. For all other reserves the estimates are only tentative :— Manitoh.v Reserves. Saw Timber. Duck Mountain 300,0(){),()00 bd. Riding Mountain 250,0()(),0()0 - Porcupine No. 1 50,000,000 ' Turtle Mountain 1 ■•^•^•^ .000 Spruce Woods 1,000,000 " Lake Manitoba West 600,000 Total 602,933,000 " ft. Fuel Woo.l. 3,000,000 CO' 2,500,000 7 50,000 ■ 135,000 30,000 • 40,00- 6,250,000 Saskatchewan Reserves. Saw Timber. Porcupine No. 2 50,000,000 bd. ft. Moose Mountain 5,000,000 The Pines Beaver Hills Total 55,000,000 " Alberta Reserves. Saw Timber. Eastern Slope ^ ,000,000,000 bd. ft. Rockv Mountain Park... 300,000,000 " Jasper Park 100,000,000 •' Cvpress Hills 2,000,000 •' Cooking Lake Kootcnav Lakes Elk Island Park Total 3,402,000,000 " Fuel Wood. 500,000 cur 130,000 ■ 50,000 " 10,000 • ds. 690,000 Fuel Wood 50.000,000 CI 3,000,000 1 .000.000 100.000 100,000 10,000 10,000 54,220,000 ds. British Columbia Reserves. Saw Timiier. Fuel Wood. Railwav Pelt & Yoho Prk 600,000,000 hd. ft. 6,000,000 cords 1, K Chirk WVsUM-u (Viliir anil Hhuk Piiu-, Kockv Mountain I'ark R,M-rv,, All.rrta. The Domiithm Forest Reserves IS Sl'MMAKY. Saw Tinilirr. Mamtul.aRcs M)2, " V'ui'l Wiiml. fi. 250. 1)00 cords. (iWD.OOO " .=;4,Jjn.()'*0 " 6,()0().0i)() " 6 7,1 (.0.000 '• EsTiM.\TE or Anni'al OVTI'UT. The fullowin,' table showing' the quantities ^'""^ ^<;";1; "^ he obtained. The receipts, hcnvover, as ^^™ '" '"^^"^^.i, ,,rin'g be considered as correct. The hgures j^'^^^^X^^;;' i°'^,'^ '^e "n the quantities of timber removed; but it should ' c t^o'^ne mmd^that every homesteader is entitled to one free pem.it. Timber Cut Dukint. Year Endinc. ■' •■ ^Isx, 1908. District. LumV)fr. Et. B.M. LoRs. Cordwoo,^ Lineal ft. Cunls. Fftice Posts. Ni>. RaiU. Pole! No. Receipts Man.,nbaRese;^cs 3.7S...80 .7,134 3 647 M..00 g.^SO ^^ ^ -^i\ Sa.kauhewan Reserves 343.435 404.1^ ^^^^^ .^^^^ ,^^^„ „.2o> ^,56-^ Alberta Reserves. '■^" 2.500 Untis., Columbia Reserves..., 8,33)i.uuu m ?25 00 Lasternslope. .N'-rthastaras j^, yj,- .,36.860 1,336.700 IJzIl—- Urazeau River n.SM.oiu ^ . _ ^ ___— -, ,, ,, 7*117.^813.850, 72.4.3 537.1801.713.015 158.920 J31.755M Total 1 ^ Throwing these different kinds of "-teria^ in^ t^S^' ■ and cordwood we have saw timber about 4 5, / 5 1,3 2 i boar l teet ^ordvood 10=^,943 cords. Dividing these quantities mto he quantkies estimated as standing on the reserves and we perce e growth, be we ever so vigilant. 16 T!ie Canailiau I'on-^try louryial. Tm: Rkm()\ Ai ni Timhi;i<. Tlic I'uttiii!,' of tini'iiT on tlic t'orcst ri'SiTvi'- is mi K r vhc control of the .Suiicriiittnik'nt o' I'orcsiry. In tlie Moose Mountain, Turtle Mountain, Spruce Woods and (';, prt -s Hills ResiTvos no wooii except drv or fallen tiinbiT is allowed to he cut. On these re':er\'cs therr is no mature linil)er and the restriction is necessary to save the youn^' trees which would otherwise be cut as soon as they would liecome usable. On all other reserves both dry and j^'reen timber may be c ut. Permits to cut dry wood uf) to twent\' tixecords .ire ^'ranted free of dues, only a small olhic fee of twenty-live cents being recpiired as cm all permits. Permits are ,i,'rantcd to cut dry wood for sale or barter uj) to one hundred cords at the rate of twenty- five cents a cord. A homesteader is allowed one free permit and onlv one, to cut cither dry or green timber if he has no timber suitable for his purposes on his own place. A free permit tnay be issue'"-'^^« ment is apparenlu- f ,? ^^^'^ i'j; '^'''e to re' /orT i,a';rh e'e"^ ^" for a traet of spru.e timber thr /''"""' ^'^ ^his mi h Vd 'r"' Defuirtment state.! thl "'^^'^-fourths of a milr ! "PPl'ed Assistant Inspo to; n, i '"^'''tnctions. T]un '^"''"' ^lie Hills Reserve, who h-,s tf ^''"^ '"^^^^t ranker of If ^*' '^"^' on January 22, iVi? renni 'T*^' ""^'^^ his sunervi. ^^ ^^'^'^^^ The Dominion Forest Reserves 19 get the poles out and tliey promised to do so. I will i,'o down again soon and burn it," The Rfserves as I'leasurk Rksorts. There are many l)cautiful lakes on the forest reserves and some of these are heinj,' now freely used as summer resorts. It seems to me that this shouhl he encouraged. The campi-rs are not a menace to the forest, in fact they are a protection, as they have personal interest in ^uarditig the forest ajjainst fire. Besides, with c.mipers on the lakes when a fire cut urs there are people at hand to help to extin>,'uish it. Therefore, the Department has under consideration the advisability of renting camp sites on the shores of these lakes, the leases to I " made out for ten vears, rei. A'able at the discretion of the Suf)erintendent of Forestry and cancellable at any time for any misuse or menace to the forest reserve. ;V1