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MKROCOfV RHOIUTION TBI CHART

(ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 2)

^r. '6^ J EosI Mam str«e(

"■S ,"?;"?"•'■ "•• "fo" 1*609 USA

aa ("6) »B2-0300-Phon,

^ <"6) 286- MS9 ->.j.

( IRCULAR No. 28.

PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA.

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURAL BRANCH).

FERTILIZERS FOR FRl IT AND VEGETABLES.

IlY n. Hoy, U.S.A.. .Vssisrvxr Hortk ri.TiKisr.

COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS.

'T^lir-: iisn of c.imii.Tcliil f..rtlli/..'rs Is l..>.„iiiins ninre kimutuI aiiii)i.« the

1 r.iniiM-s „f this .„i,ntr.v. ;ii'.l tl,.. ,|i„.stl,.ii .,l' IVrllllziiiK tlic soil .m„ii„iiiI-

lally iiiKl ..m.-lciitly Is very iiiii.li (liscns.s,.,). |t is »n (.st.il.llsliea fact tliat

' "''■'■<li'' n'1'liliz..rs. wli.Mi tis..,l pn.|i,.rly. arc cf valiu- in liuroa-sitig the

rcvcmic fr..iii many farms aixl or.lianls; this Ih ..siicclally true In the .aso
of market wml.Mis an.I farms where speejal erops are ari.wn from vear to
year on the same soil. Conthin.ms eropphiK. withont replaelns nnv" of the
essenti.-.l ..lemePts of uroutli or re|.lenlslilnu; the snp|.ly of oraank- matter
as It Is used ii|i. eventually r. suits In a ileel.le.l decrease In the size of the
erops Broun. This has been the history of all a;.'ri<-nltnral eonnlrh's.

Ten <heml.al ele nts are n.Tessiiry lor the jirowth .if pl.mts— <arlK)n

"xyKen. hyilroiien. nitrogen, sulphur, potassium, magnesium, ealeinm. Iron, and
phosphorus. Seven of these elemenls. all plants, with the e.xceptlon of the

Ie«um,s. (i.ither from the soil. ,„„! i|„. • ,|„,„, ,ro,„ the air ;ind water

Carhcm and oxy::,.n ar> secured from tlie air and hydrogen from water

^'"■"-'■"- '" '■ •'"■ "'"'''>' ''lemcnts tilicM from the soil, can be appropriated

'^' ""' "''■ "»'J ''.^' I'l'ii't" helon«in« lo llie letfume family— <lovers peas

beans. vetch,.s. etc. These plants liave tin- iK.wer of takin« in atmospheric
nitro;.en through lin^ir I.'Mvcs and storing it In nodules on the roots; all otlier
plants tret their supply ,)f nitrogen from the soil.

Of the seven ..lemenls taken from the .soil, only three of them ar.^ liable
to exliansri.m-idtroK'cn. phosphorus, and potassium, and s,.metimes cahlnm
1 lime,. Th..se are liable to exhaustion s.K)ner than the rest, becan.se they are
usually in tlie soil In smaller c|uantltles and are more soluble. The fertility
of any soil Is measured by the amount of available plant-focKl In the soil
I'lanis cannot crow without any one of the above-mention<.d elements. If
the soil is lacklm; In any one ot them It must be supplleil artitielally or If
any one Is i.i the soil in an UMav.allable condition it inu.st either he supplied
to the soil by artillcial means in nn availal>ie form, or else the soli must be so
treated as to make it available.

2

Tu line artinrlal fprtillwni with ■urretw a knowlnlgo of tUe BeiM-ral
lnflu<>iiif> of the three main plant-roodi on plant-growth la required. MtroRen.
one of the mtiat Imiiorlant anil nioat ooatly to imrrhaae In the nrtlitclal dtute.
pronioten large atem anil leaf growth, and la ementlal to the forniatlon of
protein, the luoat valuable part of any plant. Without nitrogen planta unually
make nIow growth and their leavea are of a |iale-green colour. KertUlaera
rUh In nitrogen are esiHH-laliy valuable In the prodmtlon of cropa where
the leaf la the valuable ix.rtlon of the plant, auch aa aphiach, Icttm*. cabbage,
rhubarb, etc. They muat lie grown quirkly In order to get the fine criap
texture dealred. An ovcrtinpply of nitrogen or an exceaa over the other
fertllliting conatltueirta pronioteH a rank, late growth of foliage and twlga of
frult-tri'ca at the ex|iense of frult-productloii. An overaupply of nitrogen
la detrimental to all cro|H» where early ninturlly la ilealrtnl.

IHjtaMh la of Importance In the formalluu of carbobydratea auch na atarche*
and angara. and la therefore an Important conntltnent In fertlllaera for
IH.liitiM-a. beeta. and fruit. It la eapeolaliy lm|M»rtaut In fruit-growing, aince
It aid* In developing colfiiir and la the baae In coniblnationa with the adds
of frultH. It nl«o forma nbont no per cent, of the aah of frulta and couatltutea
a large proiiortlon of the aah In the wood of frult-trecw. It adda to the
quality and flavour of frulta, and In aome diatrlcta la uaed extenalvely on
atrawUrrlea. and ia aald to prolong the kwplng ipialltlea of the berrlea.

rhDMphorua tenda to promote frtiltfulneaa and nniturlty, helim to form
pniteln. and Indirectly atari*, futa. and augara. It alao !■ irf Imimrtance In
the (." 'velo|iment of aeeda of planta.

HeaUlea knowing the fnnctlona of the dllTerent plant-fiaida in the growth

of planta. It la neccaaary to be aiiiualnted with the sjieclal chnracterlatka

of the croiM c\iltlvated. The compoaltlon of the crop la not alwa.ya a sufficient

guide to the kind of manure that ahould be applied, even when the cinuiwaltlou

of the aoll la known. The power of the particular cropa to aaalmtlate the

dlfTerent materlala ahould form the baila of Judgment under ordinary condl-

tWns. In the case of a very unfertile aoll that only eontalna a low percentoge

of plant-food a complete fertilizer la necessary, but auch aolla are rarely

- • ranally, by applying one or two conatituenta of the crop, aa gooil

' < aecured aa by applying a complete mixture. It la, na a rule, poor

M buy complete mixturea, for rarely are all three conatituenta

!!■ Cropa that are faat growera and mature In n abort period mnat

' .. plant-food In a readily available form; thoae having a longer jwrlod

• wth iMve a greater command on the plant-food In the aoll, and alower-

actlng fcrtilixera can be uaed for them.

The form In which to apply the fertiliser will depend on the availability
and coat of the material.

NITROGENOUS FERTILIZERS.

The forma of nitrogenoua fertilizera commonly found on the market are
nitrate of aoda. aulphate of ammonia, and dried blood and tankage.

Nitrate of aoda eontalna about 1« per cent, nitrogen and la one of the beat
aourcea of nitrogen. It la found In large quantities on the weat coast of
South America. It la the moat soluble of any of the artlflclal manures, and
leachea out of the soli very rapidly If not uaed by the planta. For this
reason small amounts ahould be applied throughout the growing aeason to
obtain the best results. The flrat application should be when the plants
flrat appear above gronud. For fruit-trees, as the blossoms are opening.

8

Rutphntp of ummniila oontatiw about 20 per i-ent. nltrofen. It I* pretand
from nmmoi Inral (irotluctii of Kimworka, rukt>-ovena, bone-dlatlllvrlea, etc.
It I* valunhit for Iti ultrnKeii only, and la not aa atilublt* aa nltrnte of aoda,
iia It uiuRt b.' c'onvprttNl Into a nltratf form before It la available to plantM.
The best reKiiltH are obtalnetl from It when It la ploughed or harrowed iu.
lu wet a«HiMMa the loaa by li-aihlnu l» not ao icrent an with nitrate of aoda.
Kor giMMl reauIlM with Hulplinte of ammonia the aull muat contain a fair
qur.ntlty of lime.

Dried b!o(Kl, tankage, and other alaughterhouae refuao vary In their
nltrogen-iijutent from 4 to 1.% |ier cent., and are mui-h alower-aotlng manurea
than those mentioned, a« tlii'.v mntain their nitrogen In an organic form which
la Insoluble. Thew materiiila also contain a amall itercentage of phosphoric
add.

•^♦her aources of nitrogen arc calcium cyanide, guano, flsh-nianur<>, ground
leather, bone-meal, woollen refuse, soot, oilcake, etc., but tbeae are rarely used
In this country.

POTASH MANURES.

Potash manures are chletly producU of the Staaafurt mlnea In Oermany,
and are aometlmea designated as German potash salts. The muriate of
potash (potassium chloride) and sulphate of potash are the two most
Imimrtant ixitash ninnures nse<l In British Columbia. They contain about
80 per cent, of actual imtash. whiih Is In a fairly available condition. The
muriate of potash should not be used for potatoes, because It tends to make
them grow very •.vax.v.

Vood-osheH ore an old source of potash, but are a scarce commodity.
They contain only a small iH?rcent«ge of potash and a (tniif deal of lime.
They ore es|)ecin1ly valuable on heavy soils, lor. In addition to their fertilis-
ing value, they Improve the physical condition of the soil and set potash
free. Wo<xl-ashes should always be bought subject to analyala, owing to the
variability In the percentage of plant-food they contain.

PHOSPHATIC FERTILIZERt.

Superphosphate, or acid phosphate, contains from 12 to 18 per c-ent,
phosphoric acid, depending n\)OD the character of the material It was made
from. It Is made by treating rock phosphates or ground bones with sulphuric
acid. That made by treating ground bones Is often termed dissolved bone.
The dissolvetl bones differ from the mineral superphosphates In containing
a small |)ercentage of nitrogen In addition to the phosphoric acid.

Banlc sing, or Thomas's phosphate, contains from 15 to 20 per cent
phosphoric acid and 30 to 40 i)er cent. lime. It Is produced In large quantities
111 England. France, and Oermany, and used quite extensively In those
countries. It Is the waste product from the monufacture of steel from
phosphatlc Iron-ores. The phosphoric add In basic slat; la not very readily
available, and should be applied In the fall of the year to get results the
following season. To give best results It must be very - ly ground. It Is
generally sold so that 80 per cent, of the line powder w..l pass through a
sieve containing 10,000 meshes In a square Inch.

Bone-meal contains about 23 per cent, phosphoric add and about 8 per
cent, nitrogen. Bone-meal made from steamed bone contains a larger percent-
age of phosphoric add and less nitrogen than that mado from green bone. As

li

boiiM. ,t»'<>iii|KiM> III the will •I..wijr. their pffw-t U riirrl<<<l ovt-r ii iiiiiiiIht of
yimni. Tlw flniT tlio boiim liHVf Ihh-ii Krouiiil. tin- more ItniiHHllaie \» iiidr
effn-t.

INOIRICT MANUnit.

Mnio fi'nlilmii-ciirl>.iiint..) iiml Kyiwum tmilphato nf llim> i.r liiiul |,|,i»t<ri
«ro umtrrhil* that iir.. .,rt.-ii ,i|i|,|U.,| t.> the Mill. Tli.v .|.> not Mipply uiiy
«|.|.r.Mliil,l,. nmmiiii .>r plimt . „i ,-.ire.t. hut nr.. vnliinhle In wttlnv free
the liH keililp pliint r>NMl In winie ..r our millii.

IJiiiInK Keiiernlly prixliin". the h»'»t rfmiltii on heavy clayii ami iioaty nolli
ln.ll(i..l to he a<'lil. In the former .hh.. It aiiielloratiii the will. luaklnR It
euHler to work, lem luble to hake niul puddle, and m-tx |»tHiih free Id
ninck ..r l..»-lylnK hoIIk It .•ornvtii aridity. ninkinK It |H»«.||ile for nitrifying
bniterlii to work, haiitenii the dei-ay of organli- luBller. and Bitelernte. the
prixluetloii of . arbonic Add. whi.h n.tii u|kiii iiilnerHl plant-food In the Mill

niaklnir It nvall,il.le t nnti.. ¥r H to 1 ton «f mm. .-very Ave or ils

yean. l» Huffl.lei.t. MmliiR too often and not HupplyliiK other fornw of p|«nt-
f.Nid to the noil would Roon leimn the produ.tlve inmer of the «oll.

LIIKRATION or PLANT-POOD IN SOIL.

Chemlrol nnalynls of the m.il glvei. the n.tual amount of plaut-foo.1
contained In the mill nimlyKH!, but the rate of lllieratlon In itovern.-d b.- many
faitorn. Ileiildeii the n.^mwry amount of lime, d^ayliiK organic matt, r li u
great fartor In the llberntlon of plantfo.Hl« In the noil, it ha» bi-en found
out by e:;|K-rlnient that the prewn.e <.f lime In the moII. ei.|K^-lnlly when
nssoolat.^ with decaying organio mutter. InereaHen the availability of both
potnxh and pho!.|iliorio arid.

«J.HHl .ulllvail.m la alxo n,..-,.H««ry for the IllHTutlou of plant-foiHl Bv
cu Itlvntlntf moisture 1m .•„n«.rv.Hl. In-tter Hrratl..n of the mill U «Kure«l the
jHill U warmer, and the rate of decay of organl.- matter U \u.r,-.,»ed. This
H wh.v It m so esHentlal to icrow ..over eropi, In ..rrhards where oloan
intltir '"■"""""' '""' ''^"•">-"-'' """"••" '"'.not IH. .rfitaln.,! In HUlUclent

Wl,..,, the supply „f „r.,;„„|,. „„„„.r ,« ,,,. „.,, „,^. J.,,.,,, |_^,^ _^_.^^_ 1^

rcIncKl and fertilizers cannot be useil as economically. To „i„„|„ ,h,. i«.,t
results from .-ommerdal fortUlz. rs. the soil must contain a fair amount of
Ihnc and organic ,.r and r.-celv.- k»,k| cuimatloii.

A «rcat deal , ifc Is heard of how commercial fcrtlll^Ts ruined the
r „;:;;. r"V': r •':" '•'"•'"""' """■"■ ■'"'"■ *"" •«"•'""" -M-roductlve

>•'"■' •<""« "' Holl-maoMKcmcnt. Many farmers sold or destroycl M. j

b.m..vard manure and l.o„«i,t commercial ferMlizer. The result ' was' the

TtivrTte ' "' "" '""""•■ """"^ """ '""" "-""' " -->■ •■■"•■•"

When fertilizer Is appli.Ml to the soil, the amount of plant-food is
inc eased and toe s„ll ,s rl,.hcr than before. Where by spe nlln/rfew

;' "•" "V"'""" '" '"•' "•'""""•'■ ""■ '•^"" '■"" "^- ""•■•-m.! .no 0 , in enough

to cover the .ost of the • t.ilzer supplied, it is a paying propositi. '

EXPERIMENT TO 8H< W OEHCIENCY IN SOIL.

As chemical analysis dot-s not show the availability of plant-food In the
-ii. a practical test l« Important and will well repay the u^of rlerclal

f..rtlllw.r« for »hp fim.. nn.l nimu-y «|K.iit. Till. I* (thoiiRli i.> » ,-,.rt.ilii ,|.„rw
rliHrn.trrliitl.-. ,,f rmwH, gWo «,g«p«fi„„«, ,|„. „„|y „„y ,„ ,|,.,Hrmlm. nmi-
ratfly what )>li-iiH>iit U lackiiir

\ fiilrly f<..iii|ilH<> Ill-Ill Id t.> illvlil.' II i.irtlon of tl.o Hflil wli.Tr Hoi,

<i.iiillli»iiii nr.. iiiilforni Into plot, of ahoiit -twwitli'tli ,.f >iii ii.n., two fihU

will.. iii.,| f.,ur rotlN loiiK. ,„i,i nwily fertllUi-r to tli , tlii- rollowlim

iimiiiii-r :—

Plot t— riiffrtlll)!»Hl.
.. a--«'onii.lfte <|iolM«li. phoHiihorlf mhl, nml nitrogpii).
" 3— Without iiltrotr».ii rpotimh iiiiil phiwphortr ncldl.
•• •♦—Without |N>tiiiih ( plionphorli' nvUl ^iihI nltromni).
„ n— Without phoMphorlo arid i|K>tii- ind nltnwiiK
n 0— Apply llnip.

Th.m. ..X|H.rlliM.nli. will l>o InltiieiinHl In m,,m' d.-gn* hy fho wi-Htbt-r
.•oudliloni.. hut th.-y will Klvo n f.ilrly n.runit.. Idi-i. of thi> .iHtl.lon.u* of the
•oil The miiount of fi-rtlllxer to apply will Im- diteriuliuHl Inwly hy th.-

•• •'' "■"'' «"■"«•"• •''"'• "*« puriHmo. th.-y may U- appll..,! at th- rati'

of ;:.N. ih. jmrai.. of ««la, aw Ih. nmrlat.. or aulphat.. of ,H,taHh. ai.d hhimt-
plionphatp 30U lb. jht aero.

PUHCHAtlNO rERTILIZtRt.

When piirtliaHliiK fprtlllwri. It In not l.ulk that .-ountH. but It U the a.tiial
auiountN of iiltroKPii. pho»phorl.' add. and ix.taHh. Th^ae arc what you pay
for, and the fertilizer bIvIub the Krealent lunnlM.r of iK>.;„dK of these m,l,stan.e-i
|)er toil at the loweHt prl.v |«t imuiid Ix the <hen|K'Mt to buy. \ fertilizer

guarantiH. should ahvayx Ih- InslHtiil ui«ii. and then with a pr r under

»tandHiK , ' the term. u«h!. the numlM-r of ,«,umU of aetual nltro«en. phos-
phorle a.l... and ,K)ta»h iht ton fiiu !«. estimated. The following table taken
from I'rof. Vorh.WH l„„,k on fertilizers, shows the teinm iis.sl. their ..pilva.
h-nts, Piiil the fnrtor to use In mnltiplyiiiK. li, order to ••..iivert the one Into
the other: —

To ioiiviTt 111!' >,iiura(,i«i- of
An onia
^ ingen
S urate of soila
Itone-phiMphntc
I'li<>K|iliori'' ai III
.Muriate „t iMitash
.\ctual iwt.'SNh
Sulphate .■:' iHitaHli
.\etiial iHilar^h

To (tlve an exaiiiiile of liou
luotiUK the nitrogen In dri.d I*,
actual anioinit of nlfrnsen woiilil !»
eonvirt this Into jioiiiiiU, hmltiply h-
This would make 4.12xi'0=S2.4o Ih.

Another example is takiiiK a mi.
o-nt. .Multiply this by 0.4,t8, and tlir
phospborle add present.

pr

.Ulll'lply hy

.MlP'tfen (I.Si'JS

\miii<iiila 1.214

^Itroveii O.K147

l'ho>.|ilii,iic iiclil . ...0.4.'>-H

I.'Uoiie-|,lM.s|>liate 2.1.S3
Arit' il |. 'Msh 0.<1.'I2
Mm .1,. .1 |«)tasli..l..'iS.*J

\ liial iMitash (i.,-)4

^nlphate of iK.nisb. .iM

rlie above table. t;»ke !i KuaRniK ■
.iiifinal ainnionla ."i |s'r eent. The
i.,S2.-Ci=4.11T5. or 4.12 [w-r ei-nt. To

as 20 lb, la 1 [,rT cent, of a ton.

!ual 'litrogeii In a tim of fertilizer.

•<* •iu-.<lii)f bone-phosphate l.". jier

-f will i'-'" the K'tiial anidiint of

A ruriiMT Hlohliitf lo cDiiiiaiiiiiil III* own iiilxtiinit rin In ru. Riipiiiiw n

fi'i'llllxcr I'Miiiiihiliiit -I I'lT mil. tiliriwn. I> \<fr il. lu.ninli, iiiiil ll.ia |ht

■•••lit. |ili<w|ilii>rl>' mill I* i|c»lrii|. Tin- iirmtiliirf miuiIiI !>.• nit riilliiwa:—

mUdirf itnal}HliiK 7 inrirnt. Tiltroicpn
.. il iMiliuh

.. It. IV ., |iliin|ihiirlr ii'lil

Or.

'.'.IMI*I 1

J. mm

^'.IMHI

•Ml

IMI
I '"■.•«

Ih I liriiai'ii.

„ ImiUmTi.

,, phinphiirif

wi 111 iilimiiiii
I'll „ piiin.h
l>'V I .. |itin«|ih<>rl< mill

.'iiHilli nitrali' of tutU analvsliii |i'

Mil; .. niiirlaiM iif imtaali .. ."i

I.I Ml .. «iii"'r|ih"«|ihalH .. til

•r liiit nltriNti'B,
t>>iin»h.
phiMtihiirlr
a.-l<l.

41'.' I III. Iiiliil (ilaiil rn<Ht - .'.iHHi II, iiii»lur>'

III II flTllllZlT r.lll||nMI')| of tlic Mllllll' IIHllfrllll, llllt III HllllllIlT lllllllltltlim,

II iiiiiki' >vi>lKlit vt'iiilil Im- iii'ii'Manry.

Tiiki- II ri>riiiiil:i iiiiiiI.vhIiik ;t \»-r n'lit. nltrotffii. tl |aT rnit. |iliuii|iliorU-
mill, mill 4 |H'r ifiil, |hi|ii»Ii :
I'.iMHi III. niUtiiri- anal.valng ;t per ri<nl. iiltnivii

.'.IMMI

;,iHMi

|ihii«|ihiirli' ai'lil

JMllttMll

'>r.

11" 111. nltriiji'ii.
1:^11 ., iihiiMiilitirk' add.
»<i ,, piiiiMh.

It" 111. nitriiiti'n
I'.'ii .. |ili,M|iiii,rl<' ai-
^11 ., potaab

.'17*1 111. . I,' iif nihIhiIiI iwr fi'iii. nItniKfn 1.

7.'i<i ,. 1111 'r|iliii»|ihai,' ilil phiMphiirlr (tld).

nil) „ iiiiirlati' |iiilai<li i.Mi poUMbl.

i.'JM III. fiTtlllflng malarial.
71.% .. nilrr.

L'.iHui Ih. total nititiin'.

Any (iiif liiiyliitf II rt-rtlllzfr of the i'iiiii|n>nIIIiiii or tin* liittiT wmilil Ih>

imyliit; fur fri'lulil niiil IiiiihIMiik of th<> iiiiiki>-\r)-lK!it or flllrr. Where frelKht

riiii« lire nx liluli hh in this i oiintry. only hrniKlK thiit lire high In pliintriNKln

iir the neiiiirate tiinterlalH nboiild Ih> hoiiKht.

ANIMAL AND CHEMICAL MIXTURKS.

There U liuicli illM'tiMNloli iilmut thexe two (IIITerent kiiitlK of rertlltiprii,
ami the i|iie»lloii. wlilili one In tl ,' lietter. ix often askeil. The chief differ iv

lii'tw 1 the trtii In that anlniiil fertilizer* ifeiienilly iHMiinie avallatile k'

than rhenilial f ert 1 1 Izerx. A purely anliiial fertilizer riiiitalnn prai'tleiill.

I iHh. hilt thin Ih niiiile lip fur In the IiiiiikIm Kenerally |iiit «i the nia ..

Iiy the aililltlon of either the xiilphate or muriate of i»itaxh. The rlii i fartcir

111 ileteriiilnliiK wlilrli one to liiiy ix the aniuunt of ai'tiial ii| fixMl In the

nii.\tiin' iiffereil for xah". (iixK! rexiiItH are ohtalned from hlKi n.'.e uiiliual
ferilllzerx ax well ax lilKh-xraile ehenileal iiil.x ,iii-. For eiii.i , ro|(x the
rheinlcal inixtiireH are generally the bt-xt. hii-iiui' : i y are nvuilaole to the
plant early In tin" xpriiiir; hut for late rropx imd Irnlt-treex .<lo\ver iicthiK
iiiaterlalx are Juxt nx eihrleiit when the xoll Ix In )toiNl ph..'xii'al eoinlitliin.
I 111 low. mid Hoilx ehenilral nilxliiD'x Kenerally give better rexnlts than
animal mixturex,

APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERS.

The irop. soli, and aviilliililUty of the fertilizer will determine the time
mill manner In which the fertilizer Ix to be applied. Moxt of the hiKh-Krade
nilxtnrex are aiiplled early in the xprlnu, either hroadcaxt or in rows as
the ii'op may warrant. Nitrate of w«lii. be<-auxe of Itx availability, xhould
not he applied until the plantx have stavteil itrowth. Potaxxlc and phoxphattc
inaimrcs can iHith be ap|illed In the fall of the year without any danger
of loxx liy learllllDt.

Kriilt trrf« 11.^' t ,1 iiliri'mir ».vi.i..iii i.r ri-rtlllxlim i,, iw.m ..f iIh< iilii-f
ir.i|,«; iliry .h < n|i'. iiiul liUi- till- miitK' tiliiiiiriNNlii mil ..r ihi- w.ll ...i.li j.Mir.

A filMI irroHl' r III V »:lhll'. OIM U IIMt In I..- .I..»lrr.l; II »I„H, .I'.Ml.ly

tr.i«ili |.iM<:ii.. ilii- !« ., I <,t||i. 1111,1 nil ivvi I mlv.' ui'owlli ifi'iirnill.v rf«iilt«

111 |NH.r ir..|w iiii.l Mil ■ i),,r lliy of friiii. siiull.'. In ti.iilll/.;!- fnili.

•liMH III It iiM.ri' jHiMsh iH niii. .cl rr..iii ili.> mmII iiinn imy Mili,.r nf tin- |>|iiiii

f. .hI«. iiihI «,|i. ,l,.t|,|..|ii III |,„tii>li .? rally iminIii..' .iimII . r.i|w ..r |»h,..v

"iiliiiiriil mill liinrliir friilr.

Oil H.,11. Il, it.„H| |,l,ys|,.||| ,'i.ll.lltlnll |1„. f„|l,„vlntf MIIMMIIlN ..r rirllllziT

iir.- irlvliiu icohI r.H.iili« \tli.'ii mi|ip|,.iiirlii,i| l,y .-..ur . ni|i|.liii{ : jtM, u> i-.<i

II.. iniirlHt.. ..r |.,i,i,|| ,1,1,1 .in, ,„ I,,, i|,_ „f ,„„„.^ I ,,„^|,. ,|.|^j ^^j. ^Ji I

Pl..,.|.i„ii,.. if ,1,,. m.„„ii, ,|„. ,r,.,.H „r,. „i„kh,tf \» vry >iii,ili. „ iiiir„«,.,i

l.|llll/,.i . ,11 I.,. ,i.,,|. |.r h„Kl U ,.11,. ..r til.. iH.Ht f.inii- „t iilii„a,.|i

fur .iivliiinl |..ii,.,w.». iHH, r II. 1,1.11,:- ,.nv.i. viiral.. .if n.hI„ ,i,i.

.iHl.kly. liiii 11. ,.|T.., t i« „ ..v.T. wiMT.. „iii-..if.., ...(..r .T.ii, ,ir.. i:i-..Hi.

If'i.' II.'. r.Tllllwr I. ii..-c..iiry.

Th.- »...irr,. ,,r f,.rtlll/.,T iiw.l in „r..|i,ii-,l. ,|,„.. ,i,,i ,„„i;„ , |, ,|||T,.r,.„ .

•'" '■•' "'" •''■l'--">l "M 111- prl.r ..f tl... iiiMiirlal. Ilui, niiMhlntf ..i.... Tii.

'" "'"" '"""• ""• " " "•..iiilr.- 111.' ., |.|,iiii.r..„| I, v.Mir 1.1 v..ar. aii.l

"'"•'■'■ " ' y "f '"Will.- iiiall.T 1. k.-i.t 1 U.HMI ,iillhatl..ii |.ra.il...,l

"'""'•*■■"""- '"'■'"■' "I" '« av.illal.l,. fa.l .., m, |„ .iipp],- ,||,. ^aiil.

"'■ ""• "''■'■"• ■'' '""- ■■!' l"'lll/..r i.'iv..,i I „,.„,. ,„r |„ „||| 1,,,,.,.

'" '"■ ^•"■'"'' "■■ ••"'"- ' -II. Wh-r,. liTle.il.i.i Is pni.ii. , „,..

"""""" '■ '■ '^'" i" '"•^">' 'II- ^iM.i.r .i.lliiu' l..rtlll,,,.rs ,„;. ili,. ,i..,«, ,,,|

III I,.*',

FERTILIZERS FOR VEGETABLES.

Sin I,... Ill v,n,.h,l,l,. .;l„« II,.- , ,11, „,|ly I |„„| „!„.„ „„. ^„„^ ,,^,. ^,^.|,

""''''""' "'"' ""■ ' '■•'••-■"•.V I'l """I" Mi.,1 ,1 L' 1 V .if iiinanlr iiiatln-

It I. .1 w.llkii.mi. fa.'t aiiMiim t.,ir.l..ii..r. ilial «...! I.nnivani maiiinv a. a

Ki'iHTal aar,l,Mi r,.rllllz,.r iaiii,„t I... l».ai,.„ vh..,, .iippii,.,| i ,.„i|y ,„ ,|„.

M'lil. Th.. virlii.i ,.f lianiyanl luaiiiir.. 11.'. In tl„. ,ail that. hIiU,. Ii" .„p

•''■'""■ '" '" •' '""■'.»■ "Villi liinii. Il ..ippll... „ri:ai,l.. niati-r «l..i WIlt.-

iMi-nyaril nianniv .-ani..,! I tali,...l t.. mippl..n„.|it i.,niin..r,lal IVillllzir.

Knvn .-r-.p. .Ii.inl.l l„. truvn „n.l i,iii,..l u ,• „ li,n..v..r ili,.iv i. • pp,„..'

Ilinlly. It 1. all. I..|y , ....ai-y. If tli,. iii.i.t pri.lltal vtiirii. aiv .l...lr,H|

""" -■" " l"-'"lii'>' ilii.iilil I..' nil III.. in,u.k..| .1. ...irlv ,iH iHis.ll.i.. |.-„r thi,i

n.nN..ii. tl... 11... nf hiai.iy .„n,.,.„trat...l k.i.tlni.' iVrilllz,..-. i. ,i,iv,«-„t...l

ill.- nianiii'ial n.i|.,livin..|it. nf y,x>'<: illvlij.. i|i..|„ h,,,. ,„,. |,|,||„

I'la..!'. :-—

(I.I Tlln... »l,i,li „n. «rnH,i ,l||..,|y f,.,. 1,,,..,. ,,,,„ |,, „|„..,|.,„ .,., .pin,,,.,,.

I iilil.iii:,.. aii,| |,.tiiii-,.:
(LM Tlln.,. uhli'li ,„•,. iirnwn fnr i t m- i, ,• p,.,„i,i,.|i„|,. .,s i,,,,,,^

'illrnl.. pntilti..., |.ti..

.Ml v..-,.talil... „.,. „ii ,|„. ,,,,.„ ^ „|. ^,,„„.,|, ,„„ I,, ^..,,.^1^^^, ^^_j|^|_^^

III .lllhivui ,.rnp.. .„ tl„. n... „f any p.irtl.nlar l.n f (Vrtlll/...,- f.,r all

"■"I" "'"""' '■♦ I'l'">- sall.fa.tni-y ii.ir pmiitalil... K,.,- v...'..t„|,l..s In tho

"■■•" '•'■''■'"' '" •'• iiiaiiiir.'s .■niitalnlni; a law |i..i-r,.„tM«,. „f n|,,.,.-,.n ir..

11....I Willi l...st n..nlt.. Hi tl.ns.. in tli •„,,., .la.s aiv l...ii..tll..,ri,v l',..«

"'"•'"■"'■' ""' ""■'•'• ■""■■"'I' "'"' l'l"« 'I'- I'.l.l: an ,.>.-,... ..f nltrn«,.n wail.l

stlnnilal.. I,.af a I stt-m priMln.tl.in at th,- ,.x|i..n«,. ,.r tnli..r-tnnii,iil,,n

ItwlK. .-aii <. w,... r,..| ,1 tn a f..rtlllz,.r .•mitiilnim: tl... f..i:'.w|„..

l.iKr..ll...itx: 7i il.. a.tiial |...ta.li (K,<)) ; lU 11,. a.-tiial i.lioHi,h..rU. n.-UI U'O )"
'£i lb. a.tl.al iilti-oj;...,.

8

Bwiiis niid peas also rcsitoud to this formula, with the nitrogen left out
unless the soil be excp|>tl()iially deficient In nItroKen.

t'abbiiKes and other succulent veKetables: 80 lb. potash actual; 80 lb.
pbospborlc add (l',0,) actual; 40 lb. nitrogen actual.

For celery and onions the following Is a good one : SO lb. jiotash actual ;
70 tb. phosphoric; 30 It), nitrogen.

ThesM' t'orniulns are only given as those froiu which good results have
been obtained. They are general, and on ordinary soils in good physical
condition will jiroduce goo<l results.

The souni- of materliil from which the Ingredients are obtained will
depend on the crop grown. For early crops, quick-acting, readily available
fertilizers should be used to supply the crop, while on late crops the source
should be from those materials that become available gradually throughout
the season. .Many vegetable-growers prefer to use the animal and chemical
mixtures In conjunction. When us«>d in this way. a complete mixture Is
apiilled in the spring (harrowed in when the land is prepared), and the
needs of the growing cror) are met by applications of readily available
fertilizer. When applying nitrate of soda after the leaves are out, care
should be taken that It does not get on the leaves.

Victoria, B.C., Darmbci; 1912.

VICTORIA, B.C. :
Printed by WiLLiiji H. Culli.v, ITIiiler lo the King's Most Eicellciit Majenly.

1912.