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Las diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 MICROCOPY RESOIUTION ItST CHAtT lANSl and ISO TEST CHART No 2| _^ ^jPPUEDJVMGE =Sr. '6^-J Eos" Mom Street ^TjS "Rochester, Se* Tork U60S 'S ^^a^ '^''e) *82 - 0300 - pKone ^^ i?!6) 288 - 5969 - r^ REPORT OF THE CANADIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION 1913-18 VOLUME IV: BOTANY PART A: FRESHWATER ALGAE AND FRESHWATER DIATOMS By CHARLES W. LOWE SOUTHERN PARTY— 1913-16 1913 c;2t V . (:i04 pt . A OTTAWA F. A ACLAND PRINTER TO THK KIM; S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1923 Iiaucd FeK^iary 20. 1923 Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18. VOMMK I: liKNKKAI. INTK«l)l< THIX. NABBA) VB, KTI'. Purt A: NDirnir.RX I'AUTV Purl U: SOI Til I, UN 1 AltlV. lOni'*. Hy Vilhjiilinur Sfi'fiiTMKon i /n prrpararion) iMi; Hi. I!y Ilululph Martin Anderaon (/« pr«pii) V«»MMK II: M\MMALS AND RIBUH Part A: MWM At.S Ol \VI ST UN AlUTU; AMI lUCA. Uv liucl..li,li Mi.rtiri An.!.Ts..n. Pnrt H: BllUiS i)i W ST, UN MP TIC AM. UICA. Ily U. W. Anilcrann unl l". A. Tavcrnor iln priparalion). {In prtparation). (Uaufi .hit, I '. inlO). . .(/»»ui-( Julu It. t!)l9). VO IMK III: IN'SKCTS INTRoni'C -ildX. nvCflMnlonllcuitf (I,,uf»!ini!(T. ^i;:;:^irv;lullLTi";H:^.';n,l'^"i,■i,b.K nyj. r. Manooh (/«««< jui, h. mm. Pirt I): .MAI.I.oI'llACA AM) ANol'l.l KA. A;'pil;ru'''n/Vi.iOlVm:!::mMi. II. F. Nuttall (/„««iS,p<,m6.r(». I»t». Vmm\ uJri*, inoluilin;; Ipi'b . (■.•rniiihycida-, and Buprostida). By J. M. Siviiine. Cnrul.i.hiun.l Silphi.lir. Hy H. C. lull. , . ■■ i • i > Coocinini :< . KlaiiTi.l.i-. Clirysomclidiu iiO'l Hbynchophora (eioluding Ipidx). Tv..i ,.M*' ' r v/'ir-l>,.rrM„n Ir ('"««' Dercmhtr It. ini»). I 'V' ■-* '111-. I •> •» I », . m I in.iii, ,pi f , ;.. « « inta\ mMll'TKUV Hy i:.h>:u.l I'. VmDii/fo U.medJutu It. 1919). jn'MKNOI'TLliA AM) I'lANT (iAI.I.SJ. SaHflips. (Tfntlirr.lin'.,.l.-iii. Hv Alox. I). MacGillivrsy. I'nriisitii' IIvinoiioptiT'i. I!y (.'imrlc-i T. Bruci. Wasp- iin.l lioi-i. Hy 1. \V. I. S'ii.li-n. . I'l" nt C;al|- Hv K. I'..rt<-r IVlt ('"■'«' -Vowmfcer J. / 19). Part H: SPIDKR.s, MITKS AM) MMUAPODS. Spi.lcra. By .1. H. I'mcrtun. Mite... I.iyN»'>'r .»',"'•!.-,„ .„,,„.,:. (I..uM.ra«U.I9lt). Part K Part F: Part fl: Part I: Part J: Part K Piirt L Mvrin.....lH. By U:ilph V. ( li^imhcrlin • • ■ ('"««' ■'•-'v '<• . '1!^S^;.^K oi^'iK UiOSlXHN ARCTIC OAST OF ^MKiar.V ^^^^ ^^^,^ gi.n1':kal iNiirrx V .■.•;• ■■:::::::::::.::■:::::::■:::. ..ih^uM D.cnnHer . ,«.«,. VOI.IME IV: BOTANV Part A: FRF.snWATER AI.C.AK AND i; ESIIVVATF.R DIATOMS. By rharlo. W^,^i^«»^_ partB:MARiNEAi;f;AE:ByF:s.d;iiin9.'.'.;::::::::::::^':'':'^^:^^----^ K"* J^- }■",'; Mn'.'v ."^i"''/! 'ir" M""rHii ::::::.::::::: (/n pr^ pa/uiion : PartEiMOs' is. By R. S. WilUains Ussu^d t.h'nar^ H, ,yjl). V 01,1 Mi; V; BOTANif PArf \-V\-fri\i' riANi-S By .I;ini.'^ M M:i"oun .in.l Thoo. Holm... .Iau.lOclh.r^U.l9VJ. Part B; ci'X! 1 IIUTIONS To Mom'noi.or,y, SVNONVMV \ND GEOGUAI'IIICAL DIS- Tlill.irioN ')!•■ ARCTIC I'l.A.s'TS. By Thoo. Holm . . . . h.-^U'd FJruty m.inU). VI, KOTF.S ON ARCTIC VEGETATION. By Frits Johansen. {In preparalion) Part C: GENI: VOM ME VI: l'l.»iUES, TUNICATES, ETC. Part A- FI-^HES. By F. .Tohaiw-n ^r ' ' "J V*'T'T''.'i'^?V p"1b; ASCimANS, ETC. By A. G. Huntsman 'hsu>:l N.v. ,„h., .9. t9J2). \Ol.l ^n•. VII: Clll'STA< EA Part \- nFCXron CRISTACEANS. Bv Mury J. Ruthl>un . (Wd ^.-ff»«M^, /9/9)- lart J. \/\'±- '■'.,., , ,,,.,,, ,i>v Uv A Willi-v (UauedJune 15, tilO). IZ\ ^; ?^^,?i^h^^V.^^^^.A^;4;c;::;LB. wiiaon..: "••■'«^;J--^S: Zl ?!; ?{Jir/^;^^rv. l^:!/-ui^'o7soME a uctic lXgoons! ■■■■ — "^''■-'■- By F. Juhansen. 'lakes and ponds. . {Issued Deei-mber SO, 1921) . REPORT OK THE CANADIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION 1913-18 VOLUME IV: BOTANY PART A: FRESHWATER ALGAE AND FRESHWATER DIATOMS By CHARLES W. LOWE SOUTHERN PARTY- 1913-16 >Ag7i «£»• 'W ^f?'^ ^,^■^9^*/ 01 i AWA F. A. ACr.AND PiiiMi u t;) thi; kint, s most f.xci i.lkst majestt 19^ luucd February 20, 1923 The Freshwater Altfae of the Canadian Arctic ExpediH«n. My ('ii\iir.K.s W. F.owi: Mr. 'liu J i:>u;:::':: £":;::■ ^^^^ -^^'•''" • m- ■i^",.,, ..... .. .1,..,.,. , ,,. west T|-,ircast as II in ALi a, Iroiii thr arct COasf. I'll.. ;.|i; ~ CXposffl io uiTf rcll. , i.il troi 'iii.inl hailioiir, and le nirioiis ot tl frotii islaiiils u,..,r H "' \i)rth- I'lcks, uarrii Ntr.aiiis, Htill ..n,| ri '■^ tiiany ilitT.r.iit sjiuat it Jti -iicli latitii.l.'sas tlm. I" arcMc mils a.s pii<|;,ti. II., I ion Was scciind from fmin t This 1 •iciincd tc iflcs and .inr.TOKnizjiblo an II 1 1)1)11, i.s swamp at H. rsch.l mainland in Ih, H.aufort IS a small ish.ml ntuatcd a short d national lioundarv at I) sea, and ahoiit half . IV.T. 'I'll. mar.-ation point and th.' m.>utii of istance Way hitwii'ii till iiit.T- iippri-xim.itcly 2(»(l feet »am|). which is about half a mil S.'Cti ma\ IS a will Ic from ih tl .Ma.'k ..•nzie Icmd pi rtion of sea. at an el.-vati.in of "K th.. island. The fact that ih.. is| on., of th(. manv cr(..'ks int(.r- 'I'l... 1 Toiint to a larj:.. ..xt.-: t for tl pies.'rvc low feinperatur.. in Ih ill collei.tions in alcohol al le vari.ly of a. se northern "latilmh ind is mii..h visited l,y waterl.- d species „i| iiicr,.. ■s m.-iki's »ith..r..d. .Meohol, as i.s well k alfiae and, as a conseoiienn.. >i,.. IS a ('onse.pience. th.. alitae in tl poorly fix..d. Th.' protopla's \; contr..ict..d and the walls ..f V desmids h.ul ..n... !..-» n,..;„ niosl immedi.it. .|y after th have J ails a t'...ii| fixmn anenl f iiown. is hv 110 n c.ss.'irv to leeti |)lasmi.' contents of th le Cii||ectii'.:.s, for t ■e most part, were l<>smids h.ul ev.-n lost their .jrin iiany of the <" .-mids col le cells w. •«■ found to I leir walls had I had alt<.r..i| the coh inal shap lecoin.. inverted. Ii I ma inn t., t... fact that 'urof the sh,.ath and of the c.mt.'nts !■ .■ th.' .My.ophyceae the al )i' niuch I- Some of the portions ihol Tl.K KXAMINAT.O.V .U M ATKUIAL FHO.M IJnArKISI, I'ONDS rev..S:r;::t';;sr;L"r^:in;;;Ve.:t:r;;v fr^ y "^ ^'^--' -''■--. coll.rt,.d fr,.„. a l.n.ckisi , S at V h r '^.^^^f •;^"' «''="-'»=t'T. In s.|,„p|cs speci.s of algae hut ...ich SM,,.;,. -Alaska, th.-re were not onlv nrmv I ther..fore "ic n o 'z ::],";::.;i*r'T:;''H ^ ' ■■ 'v. "'"'^;^'" ''""^'''''-' "'-''^ th..<.ceai,amlastoi,ssu;;ie ;'• "1;';. ;t:' I"'""' ^^^allnlty, its n,.arn,.ss to kmdiy f„rni.he,i me with'*/;!;: ^iiwii •;:s^r:'''''''« """" '''■■ •'"''''-- (1) ve^;^':,.:;;;:; IZ!^Z£ ;;:;;:;': f^rs "^'""r" '">; *'"■ -'-"tion: actual ci.nr.ection with th. st': • le."st ?^ ',' ''V".'' **' T ^""^ '" '''I-'h. *« containing water all the ;«:;^•:;.um^^L,a;ed'tr 1^^' ii:;; .ilii^'^^'l ^"^^ 490t;9— II ""'I iiiiauii man tiie lUKooiis ■I \ Canadian Aniic ExpMiiinn, HUS-IDIS or at a sufiioicntly hijih «'levatU)U tu ho out of the r.-acli of the sea, althou«li to Ihis tlicy ))laiiily"o\vc tlioir orifriii. Suiiic of the larciT lakes were (luite fresh anil proliahly of filacial origin, luil others, which must at one time liave had coniieetioii with tlie sea. prolialily contained some, salt or l)rackish water in their dee])er parts altliou^h their surface water was (piite fresh. The shallow lagoon iionds owe their water content partly to melted snow but i)rincipally to the inllux at hijih ti(h'. Tiie sandy or gravelly lieacli siirmund- in;: them is saturated with sea water; and the more shallow and smaller of thcni coniiiletely dry out l>y the end of summ- r. The presence of salt in the lajroou ponds is tlnis easily accounted for. The i)onds are frozen solid for nine months of the year and thaw in stimmer at the same time as the ice along the seashore. t)f t'S|)( cial interest are two brackish jxinds which belong to the second type mentioned abov.', viz.: (1) a tundra ])onil between a hirge lake and tlie sea at TeUer, .\hiska I Port Clarence bay), and (2) a more open pond situ'tt-d at tlie end of the l>av at Bernard harl)our, N.W'.T. The ttmdra pond rei)resents a remnant of the outlet which in earlii r times at high tide connected the large lake nearby with f.rantley harbour i Port f 'larence bay. The bed of this outlet, except for a deep hole which is now the tundra liond, hlled with sand and in the cotuse of time becam ■ overgrown with a -uamj) vegetation. The localitv wa.'^ visited by the expedition f situated out of reach ot the sea at an .") ynrds inland from high-tide marks on the beach, ard on a gravel flat. The pond projwr is reprc^euled by a deeper hole, which is S to 1 feet dei'p in the middle and rises rather alimi.tly Id a Inoad l)elt of shallow marginal water not exceeding one fogeii. The bottcmi of the shallower margin is composed <<{ light lirowu mud and >l'>"i''> with nianv green thread algae (/w'^ /■()//»)(■/)/)(( crinita and E. nitc^liiinhsK When the melting (vf the pond begins, water is formed on the surface and the shallow marginal water becomes ice-free, whilst the de.'per !)art fover I foot I is .-olid ice (May .'), lOltii, Hv the middle of June i lOUii the pond was comi)letely ice-lrec and had considerablv increased its exi)anse owing to the inflow '>f fresh water produced from the snow which had melted on th ■ tundra slopes behind, 1 li ■■ i)ond still overflowed into a nearbv bav of the sea by nutans of a -mall creek. 1 oward the sectmd week of .lulv (l',M.')), owing to evaporation, the horizontal (•\i)aii--e of the pond ha p,ni, September 23, lOlo latiiiospheric temperature 2(1-8° F, I. • , . j It is an interesting fact that, in spite of the hmiti'd size ol these two ponrts (Teller. Alaskii. and B«Mmird harbour) and of the great intlux of melting tresh water in the earlv summer, the water in the ponds keeps distinctly brackish. Mr. Jolianscn gives the following reason-^ for this: ! 1) the ponds .actually repre- sent navs of the sea, isolated by an elevation of the beach line in comparatively recent times, so that the surrounding soil is impregnated more or less with saline matter; and (2) in the spring a large volume of melting water spreads out over Fiishinilir Al(j(w Colic - ' 1'-.'>I. wat.T nhiel. ,.v.,,on,(..s in ';;„;; rZ"'l""''~ "'■"""'• ^""' '♦ i'^ fl'i« comv,„rat,..l salinr h.y.Ts :.s J, a ' ic. , .' . v '/'y'"^ ""; 'l<-Por a,.,l .....rc except .lurinK tlu" inHux of tl e st • m. It, v V ";' '■"■^"''^♦i<'" <'f the water durn,« .May and earlv June w en ,i i'.'''^^'''" "■""' ""/■^''^'' «<>"rces. In.t eontanis th.. nu.re saline and hea vi , w ' f ' '"""'' '"' ''•'""•'• i^^^'f ^vhieh meltniK is a Rra.lual process. J3 v h,, ti e t h . ,' ";"' "' ''T^ "^ subsequent or a thorouKh mixing of the w,Ver 1 er . t' "V""',' '^•■'^""'••''•1'' (»«' ice) fr.'shly nielte,! wafer and tlier,.', • ., " » .tli<' ix.n.l, there is no influx of ^unnn,.r, whilst ,1,,. lighter a d r. 1, ^'\'''' ' '" ''""'"•'■ '">'"''--^ ''"""g the •>vaponaion. The fr.sh water ,• 1^^. J ^ '•^'f' '"><''-^ »'■<" -^uhject to rapid '^^••.'""...■d at th,. I...Kinnni of t ;"*:; :^''';'''' "' ;'"!:'"«''"• -"'"""t, the first .^ahne water freezes only a the tem, e t' re 1 ""^ '■'':■. '"' ''''•'J'^''' ""<' '»«re The brackish ponds i„ , '*^'"lY;'t» <' 1"^^<■I> with the advaiuv of winter ^•i^'t<,,ns is dee- i.|i;t:;:,,r- -;-;,'-!, -'"aM flora which, exelndin, include both freshwater and uL^m Un^!^ c!^ ■^'''^''"^- ^^'"•^l' ^''*' Plentiful, Co,mnnu,„ are very iunner,.u m b,^^t 1, ds r'"" ''"""' "^ ^'''^"'■^■<'-'''" und water, marine or brackish fonns bnnl; In.kilown '" *''™''" ''''' ''''^"'^^y '■'■-^'»- fatiSTInu in,:?'^\t,r;v:;;rin'Tr'V;i "^"'"f :^' ^ ''-^ - l-i^atlon in few individuiN f.uai h^.u , ? ••''^''^'. f'""'J't"'n when co!!ePt«l (); 1- a »'een dead before the^-'^r;,;;:!::;:'::^ ^^^^Lalh:"''""''^'^ ^'"'* ♦''">■ "'-^ have wa I , which was distinctly Cack h wlnn tS^ V"' ^-""'^^t'-d from "1 ' liese poiHls are listed lielow "•''• ■■ '"' f'"''^''" '""r algae found 6a CdiKiflitiii. Arctic Kx/Hriitio):. 19t3-19tS List ok Fhesiiwatku Aloak foim) in liiiACKisn PONDS. Teller, Alaska. ( 'hroocdccus Itirgidus Kudiniiiu tidinnx I'cdiaxtruiii lUiniiDiuui MirroKpora sp? (frasiiiii'iits) Spirofiyra injlatn ? (no .^iiores) Bernard harbour, N.W.T. Pcdinstmin Bonjanidn I'((U(istnim iritcfp-iiiii Juitiroiiiorjilid uif('sliiiiili:< Vlotliiij: iuriiihilis Closieriiiin striiild/iim ('os)iiarium (jraniilnin Cut<)n(irium punrtulatum Ocdogoniuin sp? (frajiniont.s ( Oniiiariuni (jranntuin Co.-'marivm pvnctuldluiii ('<>s)iinrirnn Ininille var. ntn'olnhini CofiNurivni rudlosu/n (one only) SIdura.struiii pniirtiildliim Oedogofiiinii sp'! (t'raKniei.ts) liulbocliaitc s))? Ophiocvlium majiis In ad(liti(.n to tl.es<. numerous iliatoins were found includinn Kpilhrmia txmjidd, L. gibhd, A. .So,-,j-, sp.'eies of Cywhrlln, Kuiiolid. Xaricuh,, vie. ,\. ^'M^''"" "" '•'"'"''.••''••'♦'<.'" "f t''<' l'"-"'! cliniatie .•nul peoKrai-hie factors, I think that the exi)lanation of the presence of thrse .hstiiictlv freshwater phnits in water which is l)rackish to the taste is that the p.Muls contain two distinct floras which lounsh at dif?<>rent times .luring the short summer season :/ 1^.'^' liora ot sreen alsac and freshwater diatoms which flourish in the earlier part ol the s(.ason, and a marine diatoniaceous flora which flourishes in the latter part of the season. The freshwater flora becomes active with the advent of summer The fresh water melted on the slopes further inland, ,,rol.ahlv fiowiuK throufih bogs or pools of fresh wat^r, would brin^ freshwater al^^.e to the brackish pon.ls whefe the surface ice would be begmnintj to melt. The resting stages ('f alir.e left near the margin of the pond by ( vaporation the j^revious vear, would becin active life again as last as the rising water cover.-d them. Tlu-se ,,lants and those brought in by the in lux of fresh water, woul.l flourish during the earlier part o the summer. By the middle of June, when all th.- ice of the ]iond had melted a brackish or marine flora would become active ami remain so until arrested by the aiiproach ot winter. The evaporation of the surface waters would leave manv freshwater algae stranded, whilst others would cease activity under the influence of the slowlv increasing salinity ot the water. The stranded plants, in most instances, would assume or form some r.'sting .state which would enable them to surviv,. the adverse conditions of winter and take up active life again th.- following v,„r Many of these tyjiical freshwat<-r forms must be suljjected to some .>xtert to brackish conditions and yet they survive. Probably iiLunv can exist in slight y brackish water, with a slightly retard<.d metabolism, as long .'is th(> .season lasts As the salinity incre;ises, some may be indued to develop si.ores and rest until ndivld^ed, r ^^f' :^'^\'r%*''« ^"'?«"-">R ^U'-'me--- .I.KlKing by the number o to,ma,nim punctnldtum, can adai)t themselves to a nearly normal existence '^ven in parts of these ponds where the water is distinctlv" brackish EvM-ri- mcntai observations under natural conditions would be of great value if carried out; |,ut, unfortunately, laI)oratories cannot be established readily in arctic w * T lI 1 1 J I lf$ , Freshwater Algae Calcaukoi.s Deposits formed by Ai.oae. 7a crcc.i^r"StlJ;;:rr'i.iS;s "T :: nu^h.. ..r ,„.,,hios f,.«,„ ,. warn. are almos 'J^wZVltlTT 'XV' ^'■'r'''^ nnd th,. ...nhe.ld.d al«ae nrP nM. /? I '."''"^."1*'<^- • '•I'Kions. yet, as these new ol.servatinus slu.w thev r«c,fri ?•..'«' "V'^^"^", .'V^''"*'^'« ^^'it^''" tl.e arctic rircle. Cosn^nmn^ Germanv a d the"w r".' "^'""^to has been recorded only from ICnftland nffel Lf 'I'*r''''''"i '"':' ^•-"^'''^'^^' y*^* these and some oth.Ts with erv ™m ed A nln." ''r^''"''^'^' '"^'T '"•'•'^ f«""'' '" tlu. n,li..ctions I ha "e rom AlaskAn r " 1 'T'""' '"'''"''"« "'•'^"y ^P'^^*^"'^ "^ ■^'"■r'r^'^rius. known has he™ n.id n t h V ]^'''\''''''- »1' to the present time very little attention fin n,?.r?. .' freshwater alfiae of the Dominion eith.T in arctic redon- or an, rent rT^^'^'l'-'^-'"'^'- J '"■''"'■■ ''"^'^ ""^y «h'»"- tl'-t n.anv species. Tare supS ' '" "" '""' '"'' ''"■ ■""■■" ^'"''''"^^' -'i^fi'-^tod-than hitherto The J^-llnwinR is a list of all species of Myxophyceae an.l Chloropfavceae e istriiition' nf r"- ^^'^"»»P'"'yi»S this lis. are six eolumns which indicate r nn/l "* , ^l"''*" iilBie as known from records made in Alaska arctic SW .7'f "' ■' •' the expciition. Greenland, th,. Faeroe islan.Is, the 'u Hed Th ! , ■^T"';^ ''^'- "■^•^■e of Alaska, and Cana.la ,.x,.lusive of the arc h^ m de v'"" ^u ^ f,»^'''\^';^^l»^iv<3 of the arctic contains ,nanv new reco d in.ide by myself. Ihese I hope to discuss in another conmiunici.tion. The followinK symbols are enii)loyed : + : new record. + : previously reconied. - : not recorded. *: an oriKinal record for Canada ."xclusive of the arctic not hitherto I)ublished. t: identical in form with oritriual tyi)e. v: a variety of the species. f : a form of the species. *v: a variety of the speci.'s hitherto not recorded for Canada. Canadian Arctic ExpaHlloii, I'tis- inis Alaska. Arctic t'nnadn vi.silud liy tlie i\pe- ilition. Green- land. Faeroes. MYXOPHYl EAE. < occogonrae. Chroiiroccus timnelicus mairococcus pallidua lurgidus Gloeocapsa manma.. rupcitria Aiihmocapsa etackiata Apkunotliect ianccloT 'yficrocyitia aeruginosa. Gomphoaphaeria aponiaa Coeloaphaerium Kiitaingianum . .Veriamcpeaia glauca Unuimima t'nitwl States exclusivo of Alaska. f'unada ciclusive of the arctic. Hormogonr Oadltaloria tenuis. Xnatoc a immune iphaericum.. Anabaena cclenula tariahitii, Scylnnema cruataceum miralnle Tolijroihrii lanala (cnui.-i ffapaluiiphon funlinalin. Sligonemo informe lubruum. octllatum Calothrix jmt ictina Rinilarin Imeulis + + + + + + I + + + ! + — + — + — + — + + + — + + + + + + + + + 1 + + i + + + _ + _ + _ + i _ + I — — + + — -r , - + + + + + + + CHI.OiiMl'HVcK.u:. Ounium jiectcnili' h'.uilonna ihmau.-.. y'lltiix nurcHi (iloeo(!i.sf,K infu.Hiiiiiiini Vi,cy.lli.i soliliiriii . ' \ ■^'ephrccylium nhrsui/i . , ...'.....' TelraMrun cnormt " ' •'>elimiifrum iirnminaluiii •'^rcihd..^mu!< itinticulatun "ht. ,uus 'juadricauUti . .. Crucioenin rirlnni/ularis ]" Coeiaslriiin nuircimrum relirulalum Pediastrum limyanum var.grtinulnlum. glimdulifiTum integrum Teiras Vaurlteria terreilris Claduphurn ftaeta Rr.tzocl.iuum 11 eruglyiihicum jp..„ . var. /orfuoeam.i e^fietoniorphii crinita + + + + + + + I + + I + I + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 4- + + + + + 4- + + * + + + + + f — 4- + + ~ — -L. + — -t- 4- + -f- + ■f -t- + -t J + - + + ; + + + + elusive of the irctic. Freshwater Algae Oa Alaska. rHLOUOPHV( KAK-Continuofl. Enieromoiphti intntinalu Piasicla triaj.a Schizoijonium murale. Uloihru tcnernma " vaTiahili.i MicTospora sUiQm.ium ... Draparnaldia ghmcTutj Zygnema aiellinum.. Sphofjyra infiala ...... " insignis Cylindnicystis crna.^a Peniurn auciftruyn . marganlnctum spirt titriolatum Cloaierium t'ornu " Uinnne. . didymudm uni var. striutum.. '* Jtnntri " nioniliferum . " parrulum tostralmn selaceum f>lriolatUTn . . " Venus Pleurotat:niutn Trabeculo f. dainta irunnttum . , Euastrum antatuni hidvniiitum " binalc denticufatum " duhium. " fti(jiinH oblvngum. . . opfcio6um " " var. biforme — ■ ■ '* / Irjan&somi " suhco&tdium " su\tcrenatur.\ . . . " Suh( ucumis " aibcjcaratum " " var. nrdinatum . .' " su}>tumulHin var. KUht^n '■ " tfiniofththalmum '* traihyplevrum j " 7'(.f ;.i«ii. *' wululatum Xonihiaium artilopaeum " nistdtum vat. hitubercutatvm] " fabciculatum — ' Arrhrcde^mus lncui< var. Ralfsii forinn iiubhejaQona ■Staut antrum Ancula '* B>0f'f s' nil. . ... " hicvi&iinum " " var. inervie — " denilculatum " fuTciuerum " hcj^acerum " liolmtx " lunolum " " var. planctonicum . " vie^jacantkum *' mm icotum *' mutitum *' orbicuht e . . . " pachyrhynchum " piiriuioium " polymorphuTH " polytrichum . ■ ■ " piinctulatum ■ *' Rf^nsrhii " sedgcrum " vestitum Sphaeruzosinn ejcaratum Spondyhisium planum Hyalciheca disstliens *' muco"\. Bulhochaete sp. . OedoQonium nodu^osum. " paludosum var. ameriLanum Bolryococcus liraunii Ophiocylium mnjus Tribonttmn hombyrinfi " " var. tenuis + -i- tnitcd Cauda States excluiive ciclunive of of the Alaska. arctir. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 4- + + + I f i + Fre-ihu-itlir Algnc II A ida sive A Klitiif' .'it the talilc shows at once how little i^ kimwn of ( 'aiKidi.ui I'lcsli- watcr Al(j!U'. Many nf tho species are reeorded as liciiiu fdiiinl in ("atiada for the first time. My work has heeti handicapped to somr extent l)v imperfect libnuy facilities, ('ntain papers dealinjr with the arctic flora, whith 1 wished to consult. I wa> iinalile to olitain. Hence it is possiMc tli.at a few rcconls have been omitted from the lahle. There .are recorcled in the detailed account which follows: 28 species of jMyxophyrofend in his laboratory. P,-ofe«sor West was" pur- ticularly interested in antic freshwater algae and was de>. Wolle — Freshwater Algae of the Unite(i .States. Also "Meddelel.ser om Gronland." various volumes, and a large number of small works by W. West, G. S. West, Borgesen and other workers. ■3 'f 12 a I Ist of Species. •\'V.\<)|'llV(j.;vj <'<>< CO(i(i\|.;AK, <:hr()C)C(>c(:aceak. f..^ t'hroococcus Xuk Chroococcus Ilmnetlcus L.,,,,,, -^ »"■' "■"■-•" «":.t^t:^ff;':;';r,', fr ' '''''F' '"a."3 Chroococcus „,acrococcus (Kr.tz.) lUU^n. 1 Ills was found yloniT uit I. v . Chroococcus pallldus Xur. Chroococcus turgidus (Kat^.) x,^ ,,, ^loeocapsa Kiitz Oloeocapsa magma (M.,-|,.) Kju,. eo„e...: ^'- -'>■ '-.■ i...n .,..„ „. ,.,„ .1-;-;- -,ij!>-;;.;^;n.. Gloeocapsa rupestris KiUz. ommnne at Bcniarci . . -^Phanocapsa Xie Aphanocapsa elachisfa u i <■ .... . I •'•i-nista \\. and C. S. W(>,i '» arct... regions and . , ,'/ ;t , ' ' '"■''■"r.' ^f ''^^ ""' been pnnt, J" i^'; .1 /^^ quaiUity i„ some n.ud f'.ln '.'.'' ->""' -^'""nca. It r™.pr n n Aphanothece saxindor Naj? < )rilv oiii' Mil Freiihwairr Algm- Aphanothece Xajf. i;{ A 'niy (,iir Miiall immilnr mass of this spcWcs wa^ oIi-.tvp,! r.AU I " ' I MM... It h,.> nut 1,,...,, I, ,.,„,|,.,1 pn.vimisly for ili,. ^i,-,.,,,. ,,mo„s of AnuTinl. 10 Microcystis Kiitz. Microcystis aeruginosa Imp.. iri„tln:,n>.ti. .un.jin,,.., -Ku.x.) ll..„f,.vl riils tvpical pluiikloii u\\i:\ i~ coiiunoii in the I'lii),.,! ^t..f<. , r \ (ioniphosphaeria Kiitz. Gomphosphaeria aponlna Kiiiz. (I'lalc IV, fl^r. IS, rccorrlcl from arcli,- Anu-rira. '"" '"'''" •"■'•M'"1>1.v Coelosphatfrium Iviiiz. Coelosphaerium Kiitzinf^ianum \:ip Merjsnioppdia .Mcycn. Merismopedia ftlauca fKlinnh.) \u^r Merismopedia tenuissima l.i tnni No pi-ovtous records havo l,..,, ,na.l.. lor ,h.. last two V^^. for a;:.n '' A,;:!;-:;!: OSCILLATORIACEAE. r=^iii . • . Oscillatoria \aiitli. Oscillatona tenuis Airardh poi.Zi!i,,;;;;x£iS''LI;:;;:;;,;;ri;:i,;^t.;::;;" ' '■•"'""»- HoKMOGONKAK. NOSTOCACEAE. M„„* Nostoc \'aii(ii. JNostoc commune \ audi. Dh, J*.','r T^n '■'•'■>: l''<'"''f!'l ",' '•><■ l'""">" of tu.i.lra ponds and in n.ai.v other A. 11 .1. n, t!,. -toinath ol .i ti.^h laKri, Jiuu. 2U, I'Jir,, at Bernard harhour. Nostoc sphaerlcum A audi. sa.„^i^rri^.:::;:d";:Lte .;;"^' '"^^"-^ ^'^--^-^ and cdy occurred in a few 14 a CanaiUnn Arclir Kxi>eiUlion, 101.1-191'^ Anahaena Hory. Anabaena catenula (Kiii/..) Monict nnd I'litliuiit This Hijcfius wast found only in thi- iniit«'ri«l froiii th'- H i ppuria av/amp, HiTsilicl island. It was not coniiiion. Anabaena variabilis Kiitz. This species occurn-d in the lake at Teller, and in tlir IiIk Iiikc at H/>»r,-.s swan.p at Hcrschd islan , "rom Chantry Lsland, and from Cape Hathurst. „ , ,„ Volvox (L.) EUvc-K Volvox aureus Eh-cnb. Only one .specimen of this beautiful d^a was observed. It was in the matennl trom the hppnt's swamp at Her.schel island. Diameter of coenol.ium ScrS's!''" ^""^' ""'**'^'""1"'' andoogonia absent. It is not con.mon i? PALMELLACEAE. Gloeocystis Niig. Gloeocystis infusionum fSchrank) W. & (J. S. West (Plate HI, fi^. ",) This alRa was by no means common, only a few cells l,,.inK foumi in anv on. collec .on. It occurred u. the big lake at Hernard harbour at Ch ,.t"v .slam, and at Cape Bathurst. I ..annot find any previous record lor the North Oocystis soiitaria Wittr. AUTOSPOR.\CEAE. Oocystis Niig. ^o,, J"!"'' T^w *'^? ?"'-^' ^'■'?5'.'^■^ °^ ^'''■■' *?^""^ '1"'^ occurred in plankton and bottom Berna;d harliou.? "' ''""■ '' ""'^ "^'^^ ""''''"' '" "'"^'' '^^« 1-'tity ^ Nephrocytium Nat;. Nephrocytium obesum W. West (Piate IV, fig. 17) and for tile arctio.'' ' " ' '' ''"""''' ^"^ ^*^' ^'"'^"«''> continent Tetraedron Kiitz. Tetraedron enorme (Ralfs) Hansg. This species appeared in small numbers in the materi-I " t-o Hlnnurii, swarap at Herschel island and was not observed ehewh. .as not been previously recorded from the arctic regions of America Itt Cnnnihan .Xntir Hf/itililton, l!>lii IQIH Selenastrum HtiiiMli SelenaHtrum ncuniinatum I.aiKili. (rialc HI. fiK. :i) 'I'hi-' >.|MM'ir!< iiirllllrd only in a rDllcitiiiti iif IxntDttl (|i'pu-il- :ini| |i|;inktitti Irom Tt'll" I, Aiiitiist •',, |<,)i;i. Scenedvsmus Mcvm. ScenedeHmuH denticulatUH l.iiKirh. 'I'hi'' -pi'cicH vv:i- llii' rnii'st liiiiz. 'I'liis ^prcii'', ;ili liiiiij:li M"! coniMion. ui'ciii'ifil ii' more loiviliiii- llian the I)ri'(HM|in(i spt'cii's. |l (ni'urrctl in the lanoon lakf at Teller, in the planklun at Hernaid liarKoiir. ainl in the ////i/d/nx swamp at Iler^chel islanii. 'I'lie haih/- hniicriiM -.(aire wa-^ Imiml with the OjihrijilniiH m:ifs at Heiiiard iiailioiii. Scenedesmus quadricuuda (Tiirp.i Kr^'li. This alK.'i wi>> very eoinmon in thi' (•ollection> from Teller. It wa-^ toiiml in -mailer t)iiani iiii-s at Bernard harhoiir. Detuarcation point, anel Hersclej island. Cruci&enia Morren. Crucittenia rectanftularis (NiiR.) (iay Thi> speeies opeiirred only in the plankton of the hiu lake at Hernard harlioiir. 'I'lio eells were a little lielow averajjo sire. Iieinn H-.")ju to .")^i l>y Afi tv) fi/i. The colonies usiialls ''intained S or l(i cell^. (^rudjienla sp'.' In the colieetions from Bernard harhoiir with ('. icclinniuhiria were Hi'en a few eoloiiies of I and 8 cells of a species aliour one-half of the si/.e of ''. rrcttUKiiiliiKs. /.<., 2 to '2'yn hy '2-'>fi to :5|u. The cells were hadly eollai)sed. 'ibis rondition was prohaiily caused liy tl;e alcohol in which they were preserved. 1 could !iol therefore deleiiiiine the species uilli acciiracx . It resendilud (\ rL'ctnn(iiil(iri\s in general appe.irance and is |i'iiliai)l\- a small \;iricty of that sjiceie-; liut to make sure of its exact syslem.atic position material in a hetter state of pres.'rvation woiihi he recpiirol. Coelastrum XiiK. Coelastrum microporum Xiiff. This species occurred in two localities only and was not very plentiful in either of them. It was found in the plankton at Bernard harbour (Sppternber 2t), Ifllli) and in the llippuris swamj) at Herschel island. Coelastrum reticulatum (Dang.) Senn. Three individuals of this peculiar species of i'lirlastri- n were roui-..! in material at Herschel isiaiid in the nippnris swamp. It is not r. common al(ja in North America. It has heeii recorded fron? Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie (Snow). and I have recently found it in Manitoba and Ontario. It is not generally found in arctic regions. 'I'hc Fre»kwaler Algrw |- IIYDRODICTYACEAE. Petliattrum .\I.y.ti. Pediaatrum Boryanum (Tiirp.) .M.n.'Kh Pedlamum Boryanum ,Tur„.) yUu.^u. v«r. ftranulatum rK(u. ) Uraun ..•Rio,,. .,f Am.'n.l. ' """ '"'•" l""^'""-IV '•'•'"nl.'.l for th.- .irt-tic Pedlastrum ftlandullferum U. nt,. (,,,.„ ,,, , Pediaatrum integrum XtiK. ,^,^^^ ... ., Pediaatrum tetras (Mirrnh.) Kulfs riiis sprcirs w;is second in aliutidaiHo tu /'. Hnrmnuin Tf.P 1 ,.,.ll,. . t VAUCHERIACEAE. Vaucheria I)( . Vaucheria terreatria (\auch.) DC CLADOPHORACEAE. Ciadophoi-i Kuiz. Cladophora fracta (Dilhv ) Kiitz. ..n,l 5'h" """T? ">'"' ""'""^•'i"*' f'-MKinonts c,f this ulfta were .•ommon yt Tollpr and a. IJunard harbour, ..specially in tho coUoc. ions from tundra pomk ' Cladophora sp? ' ^^i-^rl mr'uJi:;^ !:?':':' ;'; ?,"^'' ^"•'"'^'■h r-cyonu.^,.), Port Epwor.h, ■, iJi.). lumiiiu'ation of the spocic^ was not possible. Rhizoclonium Kutz. RhJzocIonium hieroftlyphicum ^A, ^ Knt. var. tortuosom (Kuu.) Sio.kai ouanti'tTof r''«F-''''^?P''"^=^ f'""' '^ '""^'■■'^ "••"'• '-^t (^""in'^on point w^s a I believe is newL't'i.is-einuLnt.' ""''"'' '' ^^ "" ^•'"- "'^'""'''"" ^^-'^ 49069—2 IH A ('(iiKiilian Arctic KxiH-dition, lf)IS IDIS ULVACEAE. Knteromorphn Hnivcv. Knteromorpha crinita U^otli) Aumdli This al^t,•l was aliiiiidaiit in Im>i1i hiackisli ainl fii'sliwatir colli-ciions I'ltmi 'rdicr. and from Mcrnaitl liarhoiir. It is really a marine speeies adapting ilselT to less saline cunditions. V. S. Collins' has already reported this speeies jirow- inn in fresh \val<>r alonn with Siiirniiiini and ranelies tapi'rinn to a single series of small cells, and it is readily disliiifrnished from A'. inliKtliKilis fre((iieiitly found with it in these collections. Enteromorpha intestinalis (L.) (Ireville This aluii was exceedingly almndant at Hernard harhcur, in fresh water and lirackish water, anil at the mouth of the creek. PRASIOLACEAE. Prasiola (.\n) Mencf^h. Prasiola crispa (I.inhtf.) .Menefjh. \o collection of aluae from the north or south polar renions coulil he com- plete without this species. All stages from the llnniiidiuiii sta^e to fairly larne fronds were found on rocks, especially where sea l)irds were conunon, at Mernard harbour, l'e(>rs jioint (Wollaston land), and ('ollinson point. Schizogoniutn Kiitz. Schizngnnium tnurale Kiit/. This alfia very closely re,send)les Prasitiln cr/.v/K/ in the llnniildiuin static and may he a form of that speci(>s. It was found on the lieach of th(> island at liernarii harbour. ULOTIIRICHACEAE. Ulothrix Kiitz. lHothrix tenerrima Kiitz. This alua and the next were found in the collections only as fragments- It was found at Teller, in a pond on IMhumalerksiak isl;iiid (Cockburn point), and at Hernard harbour. lllothrix variabilis Kiitz. This was found in material from th<' bottom of a tundra pond at ('ollinson point, and at Hernard harbour, where it occurred ii> the lirackish pond as well as in the large lake. MICROSPORACEAE. Microspora I'lmret. Microspora stat^norutn (Kiitz.) Lagerh. This alga was not abundant. It was found in a mud sample from the big lake east of Hernard harbour, and also at Teller, where som(! small fragments orcuired in tlic lirackish pond and the freshwater lake. '('utliiu. rlu- (int'n Alg.'u- ii( Nortli .XmiTitii. Freshwater Alijne I!) A CIIAETOPHORACBAE. Draparnaldia Hon. Draparnaldia ftlomerata \.ni(li.) A^. II , 'V'T",''^'',"'''" ■^'•'•""■'1 "Illy from one loralilv, ll.r 11 n.n.nis ssyuuu if Mougeotia Akontak. zy(;nema(:eae. Mougeotia Aniirdli. A iMlihlMT of fiMUMirnls willumt any ivpHMlurtivr stairs o,vum-.l in iho l)iK lake and otlirr plac.'s at Mcnianl hail.,..n-. '""irnM in il,. Zyjjnema Aiiardli. Zygnema stellinutn (Mini.) .x^. This al^a was oxro.Mlinnly ,,l,.,ilifiil i.i ||„. M.-niard hail.,„ir distriH V,,!,,,,, Spirogyra Link. Spirojiyra inflata (Vamh.) Kiitz. This sporios occunrd in the Uippuris x^^■■.uup at ILTsch.^l ishui.l with -dl s aeos of ,.onj„«at,on. A spcrios with ..no ..|don,ph.st (ptol.al.lv t is on.' hut ...t^ .n .■onjUKation was ,.on,nion at IWnar.l harl.I.ur, Chant rv ill. d 'il.m Spirogyra insignis dfass.) Kiitz. an.ti!"sp;"!;ir"""' ''"""'"' ""'" '" "'■'■'*"■'"■' '^"="'"'- ^' '^ ""• ^ """•" DESMIDIACEAE. Cylindrocystis .M( ncuh. Cylindrocystis crassa IV Mary ,1.|.,,,. m f-^ ,, «,n.,ll'"'"' ''.'•. ''' "'''•,'"■'■':'' '" '••"■t5'' K<'I;ili>u.ns masses al ( olhiison point \ Muall ,,uant.t. was also foim.l in th,- pon.l in tli- s-rond i.av ..i.t .] M nrird .- ..Mu, Jum; Hi, nm. This is th..lirs/an.ti..r....ord for this ;,«..., 's 7.1 i^! lion was o.nhrm.'.l l.y th.- late IVolV.ssor C. S. WVst. Penium Hn'l) Penium cruciferum (1).' Haiy) Wittr. ^l.|al,• 111, fi^. 7^ Tills sp,Ti,.s was foun.l in the iago..n lake at T.'li.-r. It is moiv suh tr..ni,.al or ant •;;;;• ill,''"' '"'"" '■'^'■"'••''''' f""" '-'"^'••"-'' •"" "•" ''•"■" -<>> '"l".- ....rthonl Peniiim margaritaccum (lOhivni.., I'.i.-h. fonn.'i^';?'?'.''^'' 'n'"* •"'"''''.'''' '■'' *'""■'>■ ''""""<"' '" "ortlioin .•oimtrics, it was onlv lound in lh.> .>.ii!,.,.t,„n from the lair.>.)n lak(> at Tolior. ^ 49069— 2J 20 a Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-191S Penium spirostriolatum Barker (Plate III, fip. (J) A fpw individuals of this beautiful desmid occurred in the Hiiipurii' swamp at Herschcl island. It also has not been previously recorded from arctic America. Closterium Nitzsch. Closterium Cornu Ehrenb. (Plate IV, fig. Itt) This was a very common species from the tuiidia pond and the pond between the lake and sea at Teller. It wiis found also on Pihumalerksiak island (Cockburn point). The majority of specimens were more curved then the type form. Not previously recorded from .\merican arctic regions. Closterium Dianae Ehrenb. This little Clofliriam was found with some plankton gatherings, August, 1915, from the big lake at Bernard harboiu'. Closterium didymoctocum Corda var. striatum nov. var. (Text fig. 2) Semicellulac menii lana atrofulva, striata .-itriis 13-1.") transversis bene distinctis. Cells large as in type, 9-12 times hniger than their diameter. Outer margin slightly curved, inner margin almost straight. Sides gradually attenuated towards the apices which are broad and truncate with rounded, somewhat slightly recurved angles: cell wall reddish brown, delinitely striate. Kj 1.") striae visible across the cell; annular thickening of darker colour at each apex. Length, 840^. It was not common but all individuals seen were the same. It was obtained on Ilerschel island. Tig. 2. Vlostcrium didyvioclocum Corda var. striatum nov. v.ir. X 4r.j; .-.irni-cell kIiowIiik the striated wall and the rogul.ir ohar-icters of the apex. Closterium Jenneri Ralfs The type form was found in the Hippuris swamp at ITer-iclid island. A form with apices less curved than ty])e was found in a c()ll(.,.ion of bottom deposits and plankton from Teller. Closterium moniliferum (Hnry) llhrenb. This was only found in the lagoon lake at Teller. It is common in Canad.-i and the I'liited States, but had not been previously recorded from the arctic regions of America. Closterium parvulum N;ig. This s!ii:'.ll aoslfritna i^^ cuininon in Jirctic tcgifms, but only appeared in collections from two localities and was not abundant. It wa< found witii other species of this genus in o plentiful in proportion to the numbers of other >ppcie^. It was t.mnd in a collection of bottom deposits and iilankton from the lake and from the pond between the lake and sea at Teller. Closterium striolatum llhrenb. This is a very common species and is well known from almost all parts of amHn tt °^'''"':'-^'l '" l'»^ l^k''' •"•''■ki^l' Poncl, and tundra ponds at' Teller and in the Uippuris swamp at Hersclicl island. Closterium Venus Kiitz. This species was not in Ki-eat abundam-e in anv one l,.calitv althouEh ^.rly c.mmon ,n tw, pon.ls at Teller. It was also found at Oian r 'Sd Herschel island, ane t Bernard harbour. • i v.n..iin> lann, Pleurotaenium Nag. Plei aenium Trabecula (Ehr.j Xiig. forma clavata (Ki.tx..^ W. ^ C, S. n , , , ,. (Plate III, fig. Ui) Uie typo form of this species has been found in Greenland and in a few o her arctic loeahties, but the form davata has onlv been prev oi^ v ecorded loni a ,ny localities in Franc,>, (lermanv. Italv, Sweden, the RHt sh Wos and he I nited Mates. Three individuals ofthis form were found n i, a eri:d from a drying tundra pond at Demarcation poini, May 14, 1914. Pleurotaenium truncatum (Hieb.) Niig. uncommom'"''"' ''"'' ^"""'' ""'^' '" ^'" ''*^''"" '^"^^ "' '^'"^^'■'' ^^''^'-^ ^^ was not Euastrum ansatum Halfs Euastrum Khrenb. IlerJlenTnir' "uT:! I" '!"'.'"«""" ■'^^0 at Teller, and in the swamp at Hn>cliel Inland. At both localities it was fairly common. Euastrum bidentatum Nag. I'lirooT'tko'T'rnnT''" ♦'^^•""■'^V''""'""'" "'■ ""' *^^""« ^""l "''^ f'"""! in the So .^ it T^''' pond an.l ,n a pon.l between the lake and sea at Teller, also at Demarcation point, Herschel islan.b and in the lake at Bernard harbour. Euastr m binale (Turji.) Ehreni). non.l^'ll!'/;?'' f"''V "'■'•"'•'■'''1 '" ^^'"=''1 numbers at Camden bav, in the tundra pond an.l ,he pond between the lake and sea at Teller, and atHerschcl island Euastrum binale (Turp.) Ehr. forma Gutwinskii Schm. (Plate III, fig. 13) This occurred along with the type form in the tundra pond at Teller. Euastrum denticulatum fKir( hn.) Gay abundant.''''^"'"' '^'^^ ^°""'' ""''' '" """^ '"'"'•">■• '^"''"f"'-' ''■"' "'^^ "ol very 22a Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1 913-1 91 S Euastrum dubium Na^;. (Plate III. fiR. 12) A few individuals of this species were found in the colloetion from the drying tundra pond at Denuireation point. From Chantry island five .specimens were seen, and all were approaehinj{ the varietv Snowdo)iirn>ie (Turn.) W. and {J. S. West. Eu tstrum elegans (IJrel).) Kiitz. This pretty and common species was al)un(lant in several ponds at Teller, and in the Hippuris swamp at Hersehel island. Euastrum oblongum ((Irev.) Ralfs This -.pecies was found fairly common in the collection from the lagoon lake at Tellei. It was not seen in any other coiliH-tion although it is known to be common in the arctic regions. Euastrum occidentale W. and (i. S. West This species was the rarest of the genus; only two individuals were seen. They occurred in the material from the drying tundra ]K)II(1 at Demart.ition point, May 14, 1914. It has been previously found in Nova Scotia and some of the eastern states of the I'liited States of America, and in one locality in (!reat Britaiti. Its distribution is apparently limited and it is here recorded from arctic regions for the first time. Micrasterias Agardh Micrasterias apiculata (Ehrenb. ) Menegii. var. ^rachyptera (Lund.) W. and (1. S. West (Plate III, fig. 9) I was disappointed in not finding more than one speci;'s belonging to thi.s gentis. This one was not cf)mmon. for only a few empty semi-cells were .-Jeen. All were a little less sjiiny than is geiK'ral in this variety, but tliey possesseil the very wide polar lobe which distinguishes it from the s])ecilic type. Hippuris swam)!. Ilerschel island. July ;iO. I'Jlti. Cosmarium Corda. Cosmarium asphaerosporum Xord^ t. var. strigosum Nonlst. (Plate III, fig. 1,V) This is a very small desmid and easily f>verlooke(l, which fact may account for th(^ few records of it. The type form has a very limited distribution and has been found in the United States of .Vmerica and arctic regions of ICurope and .^sia. The variety mentioned here was found in small luunbers at Teller, and has only bei'U previously recorded from Sweden and one ln'ality in lOngland. S|)eciinens were below average size. Cosmarium binum Nordst (Plate IV, fig. (i) This s|)ecics is more frecpient in the tropical /one than in the temperate, and has not pM'\iously been recorded in arctic regions. A few indiviiluals with sufficient cliaracters to show their relation to this species were t'ound at ilerschel island. l!i>wevrr, tliey dilTi-red from the type furiii in the followiiig points: smaller and proportionately shorter; more truncate; c 'iiulations fewer, 1.5 to each semi-cell; v'>-ti -al granulate ridges oidy .">; length 44m, breadth 3();li, brejidth of isthmus 14/a. •a I Fret'hwater Algae 23 a Cosmarium Botrytis Mcncgh. This i.s prol.fihly the most K<'norally flistrilxitcd species of this eonus ami was tlio eoiiiinoiiost dcsmid in the coUeption. It was iisiinllv ii littio Ik-Iow iU-oraKc sizo, although then- were a few as lain.- as anv 1 have found in other parts ot ( ana(ht or (ireal Uritaiii. It occinicd in cojleetions from Teller Deniareation point, roJHns.m point, and from Hernard harl.om-, Ilersehei isiaml, and ( ape Hat hurst. Cosmarium conspersum Kahs This species was also fairly ,)lentiful wher(>ver found. It occurred at Teller and Demarcation point, and at Hernard harbour and Hcr.schel island. Cosmarium contractum Kirchn vai. ellipsoideum (i:if. i W. and fi. S. West (I'late III, fig. 17) The type form of this species has hecn recorded from the Inited States It IS more noiMcal than nortiiern. The variety recorded here from Iler^chel" island ha.s not previously l.een recorded from the North American continent hut It i.s more northern than the typ.- and has heen found in arctic regions outside .America. " C-"marium costatum Nordsi. This is a rare and t\piraily arctic and alpine dcmid. It was found in the I)i..nkton cohection ol .luiy 'A. 19l(i, from llie iii^r l;,ke at Hernard harl.our. Cosmarium crenatum Kalfs This also is a desmid common in arctic ami alpine collections It wis fairly common m the hiKoon lake at Teller, hut was found in no other locality. Cosmarium Cucumis (Conia) Halfs (Plate IV, fifr. 1) This species is world-wide in its distrihiiiion, although not recorded from North America. It has Ikvii found in (iieenland. It was found hv the e\|)e- dition in the lake at Teller. Kare. ' ^ * Cosmarium Cucurbita Hreh. var. attenuatum (i \\( il'l.ite III, fig. 8) Ihis variety has a very limited distril)uiioii. Tli,' tvpe form is fairly universal hut this variety has only heen recorded from I'Jifiland, (iermanv anil the \\est Indies. It was found in the plankton of the big lake at Hernafd harbour, where it was very al)unchel island. Cosmarium giobosum I" 'ih This rather -mall was fairly plentiful. M (Plate I\-, fig. 7) occurred in th- lagoon lake at Teller, where it cciniens w, re ; ' > tie below average size. 2* A Canadian Arctic ICrpedition, 1913-1!)IS Cosmarium granatum nr('l). This dosmid was aliiK.si as plcnlil'ul as ('. IMrytia and was found in almost as many localities. It v as found in llic hraokish pond as woll as in the fresh- water pond at Teller, and also occmnMl a, Collinson point and Demarcation pomt, and at Bernard harbour. Cosmarium Ilammeri Ueinscii This species has world-wide distribution and is as frequent in the arctic as in the tropics. It only appeawd in the collections from the big lake at nern-rd liarbour where it was fairly plentiful. The size of all specimens was a little below thi average. Cosmarium Holmiense Lun ! var. integrum Lund. This variety is well distril)uted in northern waters. It was found in collec- tions from the bin pond at Bernard harbour and in a pond in the second bav east of Bernard liarbour. All specimens were characteristic of the variety. " Cosmarium humile (Gay) Nordst. var. striatum (Nordst.) Schmidle (Plate III, fig. 11) This small dcsmid has not been jMeviou-sly recorded from the arctic regions of Ai.ienca. It was found by the expeditiop in two locahties, at Teller, where It was found in the brackish pond as well as in the freshwater pond, 'and at Bernard harbour, amongst stones and other algae in the river bed. Cosmarium impressulum Elfv. This is a widely distributed specie^ and fairlv common in the arctic It w.as found in the lake at Teller, and in the lake At Bernard harbour. At the latter place it was found with other algae in summer collections, also once in plankton taken under the ice in winter, l-'ebruary 28, 191(j. Cosmarium inconspicuum \V. and G. S. West (Plate III, fig. 19) . ,. T'"^ '*^ ""*' "f ''"' 'iiiest desmids collected by the expedition. Only four individuals were .seen from a pond in the second bay east of Bernard harbour. June l(i, 101."). This si)ecies has onlv been previouslv recorded from Great Britain and Ireland. Cosmarium margaritatum (Lund.) lioy and Biss. This is a generally distributed s|)ecies much resembhng C. consprr.viw. The punctulations between the granules, which distinguish it from C. con.'iixrsum were well marked. It occurred at Teller and at Ilerschel island, along with other desmids. It was fairly numerous. Cosmarium ochthodes Nordst. This species was found in two collections from the big lake at Bernard harbour, but was not abundant. It was more common at Ilerschel island. Here, some of the granulations were irregular as in var. nmndnnn W. West, but otherwise they were typical of the specific type. Cosmarium Pokornyanum (Grun.) W. & G. S. West This small desmid was only found in the collection from the pond in the second bay cast of Bernard harbour. However, it was not vi'ry scarce. It varied in size, being from 20-35ju in length and 12-18^ in breadth." Frenhwater Algae 2J a Cosmariutn punctulatum Hrtl). This sprcios was altnost as common j.s C. liotrijli, a.ul was found in noarh- evrry oo loCon. It o,.,...rn.,l lrr.,,uontly at Teller; l.o.h in braekish and fresh nlanklon n^H '"m " ''"""' P"'"'="r"'"!' P"'>'<. »•"' •'!« lake at Bernard harbour, harbour maniples, and in the pond in the seeond bay east of Bernard C. punctulatum Breb. var. subpunctulatum (Xordsi.) Rorg .p. . . , (^riiite IV, fiK. 3) n .,„, M 7"'"'»y;;;''^« n'-arly as frequent as the species in the l.iKoon lake and in nrnv i I r"" '^' l^^'l '"" '^"'^ ''' '''"""'■• '^'"^ ^•"••'' ^^^ ''^'^ "''* »'ecn re-'orded previously from North America. Cosmarium pygtnaeum Ar( h. This .species is ulmo.st entirely confined to Sphmjnum bogs and peatv nooN It was not uncommon in the collection from the //%/>irest, as it has hitherto been recorded only irom the I nited States and Ireland. Cosmarium rectangulare Grun. in twnwllir^ ui.co.nmon in arctic n.gions and was found bv the expedition in HO localities hut not in abundance, in the tundra pond, Dei and in the big lake at Bernard harbour. marcation point. Cosmarium reniforme (Ralfs) Arch. This is another typical bop; desmid of northern reginns. It was found however, only in the mvpuris .swamp at Ilerschel island. Not common. Cosmarium speciosum Lun.i. var. bifoime Xordst. ♦ „.. V'K\''- ''^'""' "" ''rf ^'"■"' *''"'" "''""*' •"■ arctic refrions. It was secured in tun localities ne;,r Rern.ard harbour amongst stones and other algae of the n^eI i.e.1, and m the pond .n the second bay eastward. It was fairly common. Cosmarium Stefanssonii sp. nov. C. minutum, oblongum, sinu angusto. versus apicei ^rnn nln* , " ''ectanpulares, angulis inferiorihus rotundatis; incmbrana subtiliter loil '?9 V f'f •o^'o"'-'''' '='* ""'""osae, ovales, paulo elevatae, scrobiculatae. norrow Vn? ,;ii f 1™1T *"'' "'•'" '.'"?'^' "'"fifrately constricted; sinus r,:.t.T'i '' '^-'''^ "/ *''^ '"^f"'^' semicells sub-rectangular, basal angles omraS mo"e'' ""T'"''''- , '^'l''', T^T '"'^'"'^ "P °f ^^"^^ depressSn ■spparating more or less oval, shghlly elevated areas. On each semi-cell these (Text fig. 3) iipiccm haud dilatato; .semi- 26 a Canadian Arctic Expedition, l!)t3~-l9tS areas f.iriii two (jroiips -a polar Rroup of 12 14 areas and a liand next t'!■ smiis to pole, bears 4 '> pairs of si roliiculations and often an unpaired ternii>.ai one. This is a jH-euliar type of desniid without any elose relation to other species. In iKKssessinK eanal-like depression with seroltienlate elevated aieas it is distinct from other species of this (jenns. Only a few plants were seen in the inaterijd collected from the creek at Bernard iiarliour, .VurusI lt>, 101."). lilt. :i. tuxniiiruim Slifiinsminn niiv. H|). X 810; ii. fiioc view, '>. iMnl view. Costnarium subcostatum Xordst. This is a small desmid. It occurred in the plankton of tlie lake at Bernard harbom-. and in the swamp at Herschel island. It closely r<>senit>les C. siihcnn- Ilium which is also found at Bernard harbour. The cremilalions were almost waiilintJ at the apex ami ihey were tiencrally bi-jjiamilate in other jilaces. Central uramiles 14 id. Cosmarium subcrenatum Hantzsch This is a species of world-wide distribution. It was found in small (piantities in two localities, from the bottom of a tundra jxind at Collinson point. aTid with other desmids in the river bed at Bernard harbour. (Plate l\. he. 2) hither- Cosmarium Subcucutnis Schmidic 'I his si)ecies is interesiinti on account of its limited distrilmtion, for hither- to it has been recorded only from (Ireat Britain, Ctermany, and .Austrian Cialicia ound in the colU'ction from the Hippiirls swamp at Herschel island It w Cosmarium subexcavatum \V. and (1. S. West This di'smid has i)eeii recorded from Nova Zembla and ( Ireenland, so it is not surprisintf that it should turn up in the Canadian arctic. In the pond in a swaini) in the second liay east of Bernard harbour. It was !iot very plentitul. C. subexcavatum var. ordinatum \V. ai>,l (1. S. West (Plate III. fijj- 10) Amoiifist the individuals of the last -mentioned sjiecies was one which was less granulate and longi-r than the typical form a7i(l identical with West's hfjure of the var. nrdlnatiini. so that I have no hesitation in recorciinn this variety, although it has only been recorded previo\isly from Switzerland and I'.iifilaiid. Klebsii (dut.i W. ami (1. S. West. (P1m1(> IV. fin. .")) There is little difference between the species and its variety, but the specimens from the north were id''niical with some sjiecimens I collected in Lake Winnipeg. Manit<)l)a. and which tlie late Professor ( 1. S. West inunediately identified as the variety KIchsil. It was fairly common at Bernard harbour in |)lankton and l)ottom deposits and in a drying tundra pond at Demarcation pf)int. Cosmarium subtumidum Nordst. var. FrtshwaUr Alyae >- ^ Cosmarium tetraophthalmum Wn'-h. This larKCMu.iycrsally .lisfrilmtod siM-cics was found onlv in tlio HinnurU wm- of full s./,. and . h.,w,., l,o,h th.- Kiarn.laf and pun.tat • (•harn.l..r of tl..' wall cloariy and the relatively snio(.tli a|M'x. Cosmarium trachypleurum Lund, var, minus Haeil,. (iMate IV, fig. I) deposit, from a tundra pon.l. an.l also in a porul l...|ween the lake an.l s.-a at Cosmarium Turpinii Hr< li. !• ke Tt'"T.Tr''"' 7 r. "'"'"" •'" '"•"!""" "^ '■• Holnilix. It was foun.l in the lagoon l..k( at leller an.l Deniareat.on point, an.l in the pl.-mkton and l.ott..n. samples of the I.IK lake and in the river l,e,l at Bernard harbour. Cosmarium undulatum Corda This speei..s, althoiiph wi.lely distril.ute.l in the world, is not K'->'<''allv ;;;; r'r i, Ttr^^ ?■ "'" ••^I'V^'i"" <•"'>■ "- »<'".ard harhour. wh..re l' • x.uned in a plankton eoNeeiion and a neneral eolleeti.m from the hi^ lake. Xantliidium Khidil). This Keniis, whieh has numerous wi(h'ly distributed spe, ies. was represented by only three sju-cies, all fnm. the ////,/n/r,.v swamp at llerseh,.! island Xantliidium antilopaeum liinb.) Katz. This was th(...on,ni.,n..st member of the Kem.s. However, it was not v.tv I'l' nlilui. All specimens observ.-d were quite normal and of average size. " Xantliidium cristatum Hr.'b. var. bituherculatum nov. var. (Text fig. 1. a, bi A speeie typiea maxiine .li.stinetum semieelhilis majoribus, paido lo„fri„nl,„s nam lat., minus anKulatis; area eentralis tui,eivu!is duobus iminita ; a vertiee \isa(' (semieellulae) elhptieae, lateribiis bitubereuhitis. Ceils slinhtly smaller than in the type, a little lonper tnan broad. Sinus open and d,.eply eonstrieted. \ertieal vi.-w elliptie. Semi-eeli M,mewl;at srb- semirinular with a eonvex ba.-e furnishe.l with spines as in the tvpe. but 'ess aMiiular at the spim-s. 1 he central area is provide.l with two circular tubercles in ■' line parallel lo the Ion;; axis of the semi-cell, .\pical view elliptical, showing I"g. 4. Xanlhulium cn.sl„lum Hr.'l.. vur. Iniulcrchlum n.iv. viir. X 5011: a. fa.'O view, /., ,.nd vi( Caniifiiati Antic h'lfwdition, 19I3~I9IS 28 a two tijlH-rrlcs on <'ii.h side, I.fiiKth willu.ut s|)in.>« M OSti, with >pin.-s 7H 84^: l.r.-!i. Tills spccirs was uhout us fri'fiiU'iit as A'. milil<>i,mum. Mo^l of the plants woif siinhtly below avcraRc size. Arthrodesmus Ehrenh. Arthrodesmus Incus (nreh.^ llass. var. RalfsH W. '^J//- ^^est lonna subhexaftona W. & G. S. West d'late III. t-n. It) This was the onlv repr.sentative of the KC'ius. It is a world-wide speries with a eoiisiderable variation. It was fairly common in the collection from thy //,/>/H(n.s swamp at Ilerschel island, and all specimens seen w.Te Miiall, short spineH. suh-hr-xaRonal forms charact.-ristic of the forma mhh>Tngo>,n ot the var. tuilfxii. Staurastrum Meyen. Staurastrum Avicula Hreh. (I'l'itf" IV, fiR. i:{) This species was frequent in a mixed eoUeclion of plankton and hottoni deposit.? from the tundra pond at Teller. Staurastrum Brebissonli Arciier il'late IV. fijr. 12) A foriM of this species was not infrequent in the lake at Teller. It ditT.ied from the type in having the si)infs at the angles shorter than u.sual. Staurastrum brevisplnum Bail. This species was rather rare and was fi>und only in the plankton from the big lake at Rernanl harbour. Staurastrum brevisplnum Hail. var. inerme Wille I was uncertain at first as to the exact determination of this desmid, so I submitted some drawings to the late Professor (i. S. West, and he identified it as this variety. It was fairlv abundant in the lake at Teller. Previous records are known from Xova Zenilila, England, and the United States of America. Staurastrum denticulatum Archer This .-pecies was also faiiK abundant at Teller, in the lagoon lake, along with otlie- .ilgae. It was also found a few times in the plankton. Although a fairly common species it was not found in any other locality. Staurastrum furctfterum Rreb. (Plate IV. fig. 0) Only a few emiitv semi-eells of this speiics were obt^erved. and they were all in the material from the Ilipnun's swam]). Ilerschel island. With one exception thev were all triangular forms and true to type. (Jne semi-cell was abnormal, bearing, in addition to the usual pair of arms at each angle, a seventh arm or process arising in the middle of one side. The species is not uncommon in arctic regions. Freiihwaler Algae 2!t v Staurastrum hexacerum (Khni.l,.) Wit it. «... ll;in,l''r,"''"'' n ''''''■'' ""•"•"*;'"■"■' HlH..-iii...... won. MualhT thut. itsual. .?>ir .r 7'''!'' I 'J't ''''.''■'" '" ""■ ^'■'^" "' ■'"'■""'•• "•"' ••»" i"'l"'fn tu■(.-^i,i^,^ to fonr-sido,l for, '1 an. mik.btea to Mr. 1- . J.,;uti»on („.• t^ "'."„''! ■,"""!"■'''■ "^V '''im.Phrm i;ip(.iliti„nen. bS.', Cpenl.-.c™ K,; l«Hn«a«^ ;H) A ('iimiiliiin Arrlir Hxinlition, l!)l MV T».»-».iili'il f..iin H.Miii..ill nOxJH;,; «iii'' adtli :»(>m: l.-nnHi ..f wIi"1i> ('.•n IMIm. F«»ur->.i.|.M| form: i«.mi-ri'inM) x .»( ^ -muH :M)m; IrtiRtlM.f wli..!.- •HI Til.' spo.iiiirn-. .•xamiiicMl t.v Willi' won- fi.iiii', ami it \* poxsil.l.' that tli.'ri' h a 4. 'VUv Ophrtiilium muikh wa-* o .taincd in tin- i'itt lakr at Mirnanl liarl-our. an.l in the winif lak.' a few iiulivi.luaN ol this .Icsn.id apprariil fr.-.' in tin plankton (July H, I'.Mti). It aUo oc.iirr.'.l in coll.Mtionr' from Dcmar.ation point and Cliiuitry island. DiHtriluttion: Norway, Austria, Nova Ziinhla, Arctic America. StauraHtrum lum urn Halfs l*''"'"' IV, fiit. ID A form of this s|M'cics approaching N. tompi-'Caiiiim Holdl was common in the plankton collections from Teller. Staurastrum lunatum Halls var. planctonicum W. & (1. S. Wost This variety was found in small miinl>ers in itie plankton of the I>IK lake at Bi-rnard harlioiir. It is fairly common in the Kuro|H'an Arctic plankton, l.ut not in that of the .\mcrican ,\rctic. Staurasirum megncanthum Lund. This species occurred onb' in the ////»/»i(r/.-< swamp at llirschel island, where it was fairly ahundant. It is not unkm>wn from arctic regions l.ut has not iM'on recorded from those of .\merica. Staurastrum itiurlcatum Halfs This desmid was found in the plankton of h" lagoon lake at Teller anil was not infreipient. It has about the same distnliution as the last sjwcios. Staurastrum muticum Brel>. This s|)ecies was far more comm/)i/n.>' swamp at Herschel island and in the hit; lake and amongst other altjae from the river Led at l{ernard harbour. Staurastrum orbiculare F.alfs This spi-cies was fairlv common in the lake at Teller. It is frequent throunhoul the I'niteil States but not in the ar.'tic parts of America, althoutjh common in SpitzberRcn and Nova Zembla. Staurastrum pachyrhynchum Nonlst. (Plate IV, fiR. 14) This is a species cominoii in northern regio.is and has been found freiiueiitly in arctic waters. However, it was not common in these collections, appeariiu£ in Hinall (luantity only from Herschel i.sland. Staurastrum paradoxum Meyon This species is one of the most freciuent in some Canadian lakes but was pxcoedinfjly rare in the arctic material. Two specimens were seen from Demarcation point, and a poorly developed one from Herschel island. l-'trKhuitlii- Myae ^^^ ^ SiMurattrutn |M>lymorphum HulN wrrr alHM.t rvrnlv .li.tiihu!...! """""' '"'""'■ '•■"•'- •••"I l..i„-..,.|..,| f„r,n.. StauraHtrum polytrichum I'. .1 Staurastrutn punctulatum Hr. I,. .p... w 1;:;':;:'' ;';-teir"'''""r"' v' ! •• '"••""-^ "- v.„h..,. Staurastrutn Reinschii |{..y (I'l.ltr IV. fiK. ,S) Staurastrutn setigerutn ( li \ . OfcurHulso in ManiK.l.a. ' ^'"''"' "^ •^""■'•"•••t an. I Staurastrum vestitum Halfs •■ r";r:;;:'t-ii;iir;:,;;;!''';::;t*,;;:'';;,;l'';,''''''""''"" ■ '■■■'■'■> Sphaerozosma ( oicla. Sphaerozosma excavatutn l{alfs ai..nS."' irh;;ri;::r;:;I.,;:!:;-'';;:l.;:;'>;/^ i^'--. an.. ... „.., "'<• ar..tir. (-..lis sli^M,tly\,rl,,w av.'rai. i!p. ' "^^ '""' '^ ""' "'"■"■""'"" '" Spondyiosium Brt'l.. Spondylosium planum W. ,t ( ; S \\>st •■■«' "'. x;,r,,'±,„;',:. 't;; ',",;'s.:'i';;';:;,';r' """""■ ""■ ■■"■"■ '"•" Ilyalotheca i;ii-. Hyalotheca disslllens ^.Sniith) rsr.l.. T5FT Canadian A' ■ ^xpedUion, 1913-191S ^"■^ , , (Textfip. 6) Hyalotheca mucosa (M. U.a-^ . common in on This dcs.nid with Its ----■•- ^tlHragments were also found m th of the tundra ponds at elle.. -'/^^J^^ common in the warmer temperat material from Hcrschol island I* '-^.^P^^^'^rded before from arctic waters '•muneter If ^.tloV-Uoi diameter of colls 15., len.th of cells 18-20, . .Me,, > lUlt.. A ,>l,o.on,ic.ro.raph to .how dia.noter of the mucus si, StKI'H AN'lKONTAK. OEDOGOM ACK AE. Bulbochaete Asiudh. Bulbochaete sp. .,,„„..ucd in collections from ncsul Vrasn.onts 1^<'1"''S1»!=^^<« V":,,'^^, .^'''V 1, w'^-o fairly almn.lant an •;Lr^,Ssinn.s.KleU.id.nn..t^^^ Vosctativc coll: dianuur i., - m. Oedofeonium Link. Oedoftonium sp- f,-mmontod, w.iv even more free Filan>ontsufOrJ<;yo,num moH - , f "^ \,,^ „,,„rial from He, „,,„ 0.OS0 of /i./6oc;,n<:(c. ;^ .';,.;' ,.;,;/^'" as found only i.i the vogot SSiollt^Jh^t^S^Srof ':;::cios'was mnited to tho Uerschel , collections. Oedogonium nodulosum Wittr. A few small filaments (>f this fliP /,'//i/)ur!s swamp, " (Plate IV, fig. wore obsorvo.l in the collection ,,.„u,-,j-. s«;iu.„. liorscliol isiana. n^ .^^^_ ^y^j.^^ ^,,j(, „„iveSu"l.-»i"K •«■» «r?i\';;,"lta» '''tI-'VimI!' obs,;-vc' ••'•eognized. One end TRIBONEMACEAE. Tribonema Derl.es iV: .Siijiei. rrihonema bombycina (Ag.) ])e,l.. & Sol. forma tenuis IFazen If tl„!^''' m'"""/'/' '-' '"»''" '■«'•"' f'f t'"' ^P'"fi<'^ is fairl .»' tile worlfl ah 'oMo-h v-f - i t ^ s. _ 1 ti'-'-'Mgii !ii,t -o euiu ^t occurred with r 'gions >pe, y common in most j)arts I is not infrequent iii arctic the \\ nerschei i^f.^rn'r" 7 ! r!^^^ ,'1'*^'!'' '" ^ *'''K""" J"st west of .Martin point M A Canailinii Arctic E.riinlltl«n, Ull.i UtIS I'HAKOrilVCK.VK. Synura Klin-iil). Synura Uvella Kluonli. Tliis was ;li(> only rcpicsciitativi' <>t llic luown :il(jac and occiiiicil in smal! quantity at Cape Hathuist. .Inly, 101(1. WIIODOPHYCE.U-:. HELMINTHOCLADIACEAE. Batrachospermum Hotii. Batrachospermum vagum (Hoth) At£. This species is well known from the fresh waters of nearly and tropical countries, and a form has been recorded im'viou.sly Alaska. It was secured hy the expedition only from a tundra | along with Hjidhilhica iiiunixa and other alsiae. Cystocarps ahsi of tlie earliest known freshwater algae of Canada and was recor in 1S.'>S. Paris, Canada West (Ontario). all t from Hind nt. ,„.,.,,.,1 .•.,ll,.,.t...ns hnntt nia.l.. Cur ,liat„„,s in ior.ns worofoun-lin ,1,,.,;' ' ' sinpnsu.K ,hat a .nnnhw of ,i..,. ? » T ri;i:im;;;?™;':!";;;;;;fi:;,;!r ;;i;:;;;;,r.;;-i ;r"- -; > the only or,H.,T,.n,.o of tins spcHos in ,h. fn.sluva.,. . , ! .,! .■/;I :.,,A lako t90t)9-3i 3G A Canadum Arctic Kspalitl.un, 1913-1918 Melosira Ak- Melosira granulata (i:hr.) Kulfs This is a typical plankton diatcm in tho lakes of the Donnnion It was foun.l in the plankton'of tho lagoon lake at Telk^- July -ul ^ep,e■nher, 1913. and in a tundra pond at Collin.. . point, June, 1914. Melosira undulata Ehi . , , , , This snecies was found in a coUoction of bott ,m deposits and plankton from the same place, February, 19L). Melosira varians Ap. A few short filan.ents of this species xve.e found attached to otlu-r p ants in a collection from a tundra pond at Teller, August and >eptemb..r, 1913. Cyclotella Kutz. Cyclotella antiqua W. Sm. , , i » This prettv little diatom was not very .mmerous in any one ^^^1,^!; Stephanodiscus Ehr. Stephanodiscus i.lagarae i:hr. This common American diatom was found only in the >;;"d ^;.^'"'[;;;/,^°'; under the ice taken in February. 191ti, at the Lig lake at Bernaid liarl.our Onlv a small number were present. ;it Bernard harbour i u re is prul>al)ly accidenta TAnKi,i.ARu:AK. Cirammatophora Khr. Grammatophora angulosa Ehr. This is another marine si:ecies found in the big hiki the nnid sample taken February, 1911'.. Its presence 1 Tabellaria Kinz. Tabellaria fenestra ta (Lyng.) Kiitz. This is a common plankton diatom. It was f.mnd in collections r' ,;lanktc from the lagoon lake. Teller, .luly and August, 19i:5. -U I ornard harbour was in the lake plankton in ,Iune, 191(5, August and ^eptelnber, }»1;'- f^J ' taken at the creek mouth, July, 1915, in the same locality, and a. lierscli island in the Uiiipnris swamp, August, 1914. Tabella-> fiocculosa (Hoth) Kutz. This species was about as frequent as the preceding one. It was found Teller, Julv. 1913, in the lagoon lake, and August of the^same year •» a tund pond, also' at Martin point in a tmidra pond, in the piankton o! ^ "^ '«';'^;_ Bernard harbour, August, 191 o, and in the stomach of a hsh taken October 191."). Frcshwnirr Diitomn 37 a Khabdonenia Kiitz. Rhabdonema arcuatum (Ar ) Kiitz. ThU ills,, is !i iiiarino f(.rrri fdiiiui in tlio itnid of the lake at HciiiMid harl.oiir Ichriiarx-, 1910. rilNNATAE. DlATOMK.\E. ^, Diatoma J)C. Diatoma vulgare l^ory This spicifs was mily fouml in two (oMcfiioiis mado AuRUsi 191.'. at Hcniani liailM)ur. A few wore .spon in tlic sample (il.tained fmni tli.' brapkish poiul and Mioro wore foun(l in tlioplankt.Hii-n.ni till. liifT lake. It was not abundant altlionuli found in most fri'slnvatcr areas. Denticula tenuis Kulz. Denticula Kiitz. This specie.s wa.s soim-what niore frequent than tlio last naineil It was ound at Camdon bay, July 4, 1911, in the bi^ lake at Bernard harbour, ,J„ne, 19I.>, July, 1910, and in th(? sloniaeh of a fish taken October 4, 1915. Opephora P. Petit. Opephora Schwartzii (Grun.) P. Petit This species was found only in a collection taken from the l.isoon la e if loller, AuRust, 1913. It was not numerous. s found at II a tundra J he Inko at ^ October 4, Synedueae. Synedra Ch;M. ]:m. Synedra amphicephala Kiitz. Tills also was very limited in its distribution, being found onlv at Bernard harl)our, at the creek mouth and the big lake, July, 1915. Synedra Ulna (Nitz.) Khr. This diatom was fairly plentiful, being found in freshwater samples obtained in July and Atigust, 191:5. at TeUer, and at Bernard harbour during July and August, 191.J, and February, 191(;, in the plankton; also in a fish stomach obtained October 4, 191,'). Asterionella formosa Hass. Asterionella Hass. I his IS a com. 'on lake plankton diatom but was not very i nerous in these northern coUectK ;. It was found in the plankton of the big lake, Bernard harbour, July and September, 1915, June, 19I(), and also at the creek mouth July, 1915. ' EUNOTIEAE. _ Eunotia Ehr. Eunotia gracilis (Ehr.) Rab. This species was found only at Teh'T, where it occurred both in the brackish pond and the lagoon lake, August, 1913, It was not very numerous. :is A C,iM,hi,,i Arctic Kx,>,ililion. t'.H.i t!}IS 1 ;it ■rdliT. F.unotia diodon Klit , ■n.i- lik..wis.. NV.S i..u>,.l only at 'IVILt, an.l in only .m.- sarnpU- f.o,.. th. lanooii lake, July ?.!. l'.»i:<- •<="'• Kunotia monodon Kin. Tins was a littl. n.-v ,.ln,tif-.I than /•;. ./'W,m. L.-inp .....n.l ..p.... two ...-••asions in .Inly, I1U;{. in the same lake. Kunotia triodon Kin. ,,,.,,^-^^-J;"T!.^:';;rT.;l'•;;:,r;;r,:™^'™"^:^^^l;S;;'ll;:;^^ Eunotia pectinalis Kni/. > U; This sperirs was fuun,! in a Hnall quantity ... a l..n.l.a p.nn Aiimist, I9i:<. Eunotia praerupta Kin . , , , Tlu. 1: p.on lak.- a. -r.ll.r was a.ain tl.- only locality ,n wh..-l. tl..s sp..n,-s wa< fouiul. July. HH:?. It was imt nu.o.nnn.n. Eunotia praerupta Ki..-. va.. curta ('...m. Aurn>:rs. tlu. sp.'.a.n.-ns uf thr las, ......m<....'.l sp.r„.s w,-.-.- a f.w of tln> va.-ii'ty. Epitlieniia Hk'I'. Eoithemia Argus Kiiiz. This .,„...i..s o,....nn.,l ... a san-pl. oh.ain.-l J.tn- .7. lOj.i. ,n a .....ss-t u.nh. lak- at Chant.-y ishu.d. (...ly a f.w f.-us.uhs w.m.. ..I-sctvc.!. Epithemia giblia Kiiiz. , , . if tai.lv .•o.n.....n sp.Ma..s aa.l was f.,..n. in va,...us l.,caht.<.s. It This was a at Hciiiaiil hail)nur. Epithemia llyndmanii W. Sm. This .liaton. was found cjly i.| '1- ''l-'-r^'-'Sv 'h w.,v,n .-.■....k nca.- tho Sa.ll.ao.-h.t iiv.-. It was iai.lv al. istcd pclihlcs taken fio.n tho luidant. Epithemia Sorex Kvitz. irtil as the last iianitMl. It likewise wa^ ,,..j-';;rK'i:..Tn.:::^i:r;;.u; •■;" iviii.: i, .., ,,..,.,■..., ... ,he p,ank,o. fn'.n th.' lake at He,-.,anl l.a.hou.- an,l a, the e.eek ,n..,.th. Epithemia turfeida (Kill.) Kilt/. l;;:t™\,:;;:;;!r:iii;."." -i.™i'''i -n. .1,.' .-.i,.,,, ,- ,..bi,i,.s ..k ,■ .1.. war... . \\\l' II two )tMincii iiiiit. I<'nc-i-, ;|)('C1('S of tl. ■tiiinl':i lies. It M'd. and creek in ; iiioiltb iiini I lie wise was nlaiikton Vi'sh aiui and was t'r(nii ilie I he wnvm e of this i i < Fnshiritli r hiiilnni.i ;^() ^ Kpithemia turgida (Kin. i Kuiz. vai. Westennanii KiUz, In a.lditioii to UciUK found in fair .inantiiv alunii wiili liie sniMie- this vanetv was al>o toun,l at Mart in poi„i. .I,,,,,., lOII, ,„i,l on the n,,hni,ll,un mass lioiii the lake ill Meniurd harbour, Atiniisl . l!t|.'). Rpithemia zebra (Klu.) Kiii/. This small meiul,er of ih.- tieiius was not eommoii and otilv oreuried in two sami)les olii.iiiicd HI .luly and August. Iidiliui\ 1913-lS Sunini:i.;.KAK. Cymatopleura W. S;ii. Cymatopleura Solea (Hnl).) W. Sm. This iliatoMi wiis not coinnii.n, Ix-inn scon niily on two occusiuii-. Oik- fn,.tul.> umnnMl in tl,.- .■-mtcnt of a lisl, stoUKul., ( '••t'>l«;'^,l. l"!''. ^""1 ^"" '"'"•^ from the Uinninx Mvamp at llnschcl i>lan.l, AiiuU!-!, I'JU. Surirclla Tuipin. SurircUa arctisslma A.S. Tl>is species was found only in a nui.l sample taken from the bottom of tho hid lf>ke at Bernard harl)Our, Kehruary, lltlti. Surirella fastuosa 1 hr. This is a marine form found at Teller. Surirella ovalis Hn'b. This speeios occurred in the lanoot. lake at Teller and at Bernard harbour in the bin lake, Septonber, 1«.)1.-,. and in a fish stomach taken in October of the same year. Surirella recedens A.S. This species, sometiu.es reniirde.l as a variety of S. fashw.o, was found only at Teller. Surirella reftina Janise. This also was found only at Teller, along with .S. fastuosa and S. rrcedcns. Not conunon. C'ymiu.li.v.ak. Amphora Ehr. Amphora ovalis Kiitz. This species was fairlv abundant in the laROon lake at Teller. It was exc.-edin.dv comnion at B'ernard harbom'. appearing; in plankton and other collections frr.m the biir lake in June, July. August rSeptember and Novcn.ber, 19 -.md February, lOltl, also at the cre..k mouth m .b.ly ,„ a hsh stomach OctolKM" 191.-^. and in the brackish pon.l, August, 191... It also occurred at Herschci island, August, 1014. Cymbella Ar. Cymbella cistula Hempr. This species was found only in the lagoon lake at T(>ller, August, 1913. Cymbella cuspidata Kiitz. This species, like the last named, was found only m the lake at_ Teller July, 1913. Some of tho species varied and wore approac.ung the form of CyinMla hcteropkura (Ehr.) Kutz. Cymbella gastroides Kiitz. This species was almost as frequent as Amphora oralis Kiitz. and was found in the same localities; at Toller, in the lagoon lake and brackish Pond Jtily and Augu..l, 1913; Herschci island, August, 1911; the creek moutli and h,g lake at Semard harbour, August, 191o, and February 191G, in both bottom samples and plankton. It was also found in the Ophrydium mass, August, 1915. dcn.1. Frrxhwatir Dinlnm.') 11 A Cymbella gastroides Kut/. v.ir. minor II \ \i Cymbel! ventricosa An. Tills s|K-,.i,.s was f.mii.l (,t,ly in one locality l.iit was vnv plentiful It „■ , ■ obtawuMl fron, the t.o,l „f tl,.. war,,, .Took n,.ar-.ho Sa.llo,o!!,l, nv. , ' ' Cocconema I",hr. Cocconenia lanceolatum Ehr. « T;i,l:^SS:;:s,i^ >Kr:-,.™;;''';;;-ix- ---;!-" -■> X.\Vltri.OIt)KAF. c» . „ Stauroneis lihr. Stauroneis Greftorii 1{ ilfs Stauroneis Phoenicenteron i;iii. This spooics was fomu; onlv in flio Mtr I'lko Mt lUrr.,,-.! i.„,i . appeared i,. .no mu.l sample an.l one planklon ;:,n,H;ir "'"' '''^"''" '' Stauroneis Smithii Crun. This speeies o.T.irred in small nuniKors in the laRoon lake at Teller. ., . , Navicula Hciv. Navicula aspera I:1h Navicula Bombus Ehr. ob,ni^!^£ ?.^'i;tK",r™£:™,?-,;il-ri-;;, p- Navicula borealis Ehr. It is?f;:E:.°dia"n' '" ''"' '"'^' -^"^^^'""^ f-'"" ""■ '^'^•-" '■^^" =" ^••^"-■- Navicula Braunii Grun. Bo^^^^t^::;:^^,^:^^^"^^ '^^^'-^^ - "- --t n^ntloned one. Navicula Crabo Ehr. Tell J^y^t^jrr. ''''""" "''^' "'^^ '"""' °"'^- ''■ '"^'^ l^-'^-^ P"-l at Navicula didyma Ehr. This is another marine species found only in collections from Teller. r.' \ <„„>i,l,n>, Arrt^r Ex,«>ldm,i. V-H .i IS Navlcula elllptica Km/ , uiii\ Ml 'ri'iifi Navlcula fusca < Ik n Tliis is a miinn.' -|"ti.'s which wa- (<'i l:,i,|v plfliliflll. Navlcula fusca c.ii vai delicata A ? Tlii^ varifly a|)i><'antl in I ;,,i.l our.' ill Alll£ll^' ,<.li.ctinn> Navlcula llenncdyl W Sm ,n.l al 'I'.'ll.'i. .Iiilv. I''li. " «•'■' w^,"^,ll,rtioM.|ru.>.T.ll.V...MC.'.l..lul> .nll-rtl..;.. ,, JJ-^ ;;:;;,.... !'k..i.f. ,.....,.. i.k..iv..ma.y.iiM... Navlcula lUrrhcockll i'.lir. Thi- -,— vas foi.nil onl> a. T,.1..|-, m .>„■ la^o.-n lak, . l.M.l. Navlcula humerosa Mi.-.'. , , ,.: ,, ,>.,„.i ... T.II.t an., li"". S'::;;r";'i;™,«n;;.r;;i:r;i;;.ts:^:;''.;:;:;-' -"-■ ^!;i'r"i'v™,x;'utir;;i,;::;,,::n»'.i:.' ^ ^ -"■• '- " till' 0/>/i /■//'''""' lini"'~- ""^:: :!i:^::'::;r ': - ; ;,r;x";;",ii-:ri;;,sr"- |!.l.-,. :'".l 'l... .in ll.,- Dph!,,!..,,,, i..»" l,..„i ll..' 1»1>. 'I "' ^°''^::::r,';;™-......- "■ '--' "■•■" " "^ lake at 'rCli'i-. Navlcula mesolepta Khv. , ^^.^^ This , l.a.om was founain. ...-am- ^catli..nnu> .-...' L" 1» s.iiiu'wliat iiii.ri' iiiiiiKioiis. Navlcula nobilis i:iir. ,.,ii„..,i.,ns and was usually This hir^.. .liatn.M =M'1'<'=''''1 ''•''•;; ';;„,,;,,,,,, j,. „„. „„.. san.,...'. It :xi-:;;s'rSs;St::'::n'';:i"'i..!' — ^^'-' -'"^'^ ' B,.inai(lli:iit.our. O.K'lx'i' 1- ''•"•'• Navlcula ovalis W. Sn,. , , „, ^, „„„, ,;„„pi,. Xuon '.'''l!t 'iv',ra''.L..kis.i ,han a fvshwa,.,- ..... ...n. l-'ii iliiriili I- />(f»/i>W.<- »:( \ I -4 i Navlcula piUpebrallfi Hi- 1' viu. semlplena <;i.t 'riii« VMiiily was not iliiiiiininoii in -nine ul llir 1 i.ll.it iitiis troiii lli> lukf lit 'I'rlllT. Willi i'IkIH Wi'lf M I. W S| illl. II- Wlli<'ll HMIii.d t.. I..' Illl.lllir,ll;ilr Litwrcii this VMiiclv Mini \. (/«(;ni(.« W. Siii. Ni'vlcula punctulata W . Sm. Tliis WM- onlv loutiil III llic >.niir .■..ll.Tiions m> \\\f l.i-i in.nii •.! -p.'.i.w Miiil i- ii Inv-liWMirr fuiiii. li wa- s|i«liily iikt.- lunminuv Navlcula radlosa Kui/.. rhi-' -pr.i.'s WHS Iniiiiil only ill 1.11. saiiiplf lakni ti"iii ili-' ''iK l.ik.' at Hciiiiiid liailwiiir, S'plcnilxr. nU.'i. Navlcula SiHcula I'.ln rills SIMCM- WM> fuiiii,] in -IIKlll nilllil"'l> IN Ihr laKi.011 l.nllii Ml Irlln, Mini urirr ill thr lnMikisli iMPiiii ill lliat locality. Navicula Smithll i'.i.'l.. Tliis i- M iin;rinr >pr.i.s ...■.■iiiiiii(i only in a lew saliiplrs ol.tain.'cl .Inly, I'MH at TclliT It was iioi vnv plciitit'ul. Sonic of tlic sp.'.ini.'iis wnv soiiir- what' i'honil.oi.1 in oiillin.' and may ivpirsriil a new vMii.'ty ot tlir sp..,i.-s. Pleurosljima W. Sm. Pleurosifinia anftulatum \V. Sm. vat. strlftoBum W. Sm. Tliis is aiioilici- of the niariii.- forms appcaiiin: (.nlv at Tillii. Tli-' oMuiue lines on the valves cut each otliiT at an Mlicle of .V.°. IMeurosijlma attenuatum W. Sm. -riiis was fairlv com.non in son f the colh'ctions. It was lo,in,l al 1 e Her. < ollinsoii point, HeiiianI liaiLoiii-. ami in the stomach ot a (isli taken ,,t the lallel iilace, October 1, I'.tl.'.. Pleuroslftma Fasciola \V. Sm. This s ■■ie- was found a few times in the iiiMteliMl trom the l.iMcki-h poml ;,t TcUer. lormally a iiiaiine species. Pleuroslftma hippocampus W. Sm. This I- a l.iMckishwaliT sj.ccies thai ai-peaied in a l.racki-li pond al I eller. ll was iiol ph'iitifiil. ,., , „ .Vmphipora (l.hi. 1 ( lev . .\mphipora ornata Hail. . This spi'cies appeaic.l ill collections from Teller, m 1 he larooi, pond. II. a tundra p....d at Collinsoii point, and also in the l.iu- lak,. and l.iackish pond at Meriiard harliour. ( Iomi'iionkmk.m;. Ciomphonema .\k. Ciomphonema cristatum Hall's , , .. This spe.'ios appeared in very small <,iiMniities 111 thic hM-ahties. in the mJli. sva.np at llerschel island, in the l,ed of the warm creek m northern .\h.sLl (near Sadleiochil river), and in a I'oi-'"" -^"iiple trom the .ake al Hciiiard harhoiir. { ncCONKlDKAK. Cocconeis il'.hr.i <'.riin. Cocvoncis placentula Kin Thi- species oc.urre'r Al'j'i'' 'tnd Diatoms tj A PlATl 1. y 1. J-linnsi'n. l!2. : Shalbw tun.lm pnn.l in swan.p at lleriiard l.arl.our. AuKUst, 1815. Vl.olo F. Johanscn. Fifslnnilir Alijiii nml Diiiliini.i 17 \ TniK II. - -v--aj5»^^8fe>^ ^^CJg- liir. I. i.iirnr lake at KdliKHmnik. (uindfli \m\ tii.u.Tii.!! plants, .lul.v, lilH. I'liolo K. .lohanscn Notu till' l.n.ail 1m-1i in tin' t..ir(!ri)iin(l "f :uiliali<- liK. r,,n,l ,.v.T(£r"»n witli llipimnf. l-:n„i,h„rum. Cms. .■! from tlii> s»ain|) tliat tlie comparativrly riili ilcsiniil ll.'ia wa I'. .Iiiliali-i'ii. iilaiiil ■'" HitmIii'I i^laml. It «as rvil. .Iill.v, Ittlli. I'lintu 48 a Canadian Arctic Expedition, 191S-1S Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5- Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. Fig. 10. Fig. U. Fig. 12. Fig. 13. Fig. 14. Fig. 15. Fig. 16. Fig. 17. Fig. 18, Fig. 19 Plate III. Pediaainim glanduliJeTum Bcnn., X 400. integrum Sag., X GOO- Selenastrum acuminatum Lagcrh.. X 1000. (,7oe..c!/8(i8 injusionum (Schrank) W^^nd G. S. VNcst. Penium spirostriolatum Barker. X oOO. " crudjervm (De Bary) V,Mt.. X 500. Comamm C«c«,6.(a Br6b. -"• ""-"^ ^^f .^ri^ (Lund.) W. and C. S. West. X 500. Co.m.rium l"^^--"-X:^,^ ^ ...... (Nordst.) Schmid.e, X ..K,. 4r(Arudesmus Incus (Brtb.) lla^s- \ar. /w j P(e«™(u«.iiim Tratecuia (threnb.) Nag. '".^""'V'^ '' ^y ^„j cj. s. We.t, X 400. ,.,„„..„c^.. K.eb„. va.^^^ ,. ... C. S. .0. X ... .. .ncon^picuumW. and G.S. West. X 500. a.(a«t.vi..w; b, sid.- view; c, end view. Freshwater Algae and Dialuma 40 A Platk hi. 50 A Canadian Arctie Expedition, 1913-18 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. ". Fig. 8. Fig. 9. Fig. 10. Fig. 11- Fig. 12. Fig- 13- Fig. H. Fig. 15. Fig. 16. Fig. 17. Fig. 18. Plate IV. Cotmarium Cucumis RaUs. X 500. Sufccucumij Schimdlc, X 5UU. ,v-„r,Ut 1 Rore trachypleurum Lund. var. minus. Uacib., X -iw. .. sMumidum Nordst. var. Kleb.a W. and G. h. Wart, X 50. binum Nordst. torma, X 500. globoaum Bulnh., X 600. ^Jaur s. iLrry. J. lUIClI l.KA, II) A DriKly (/«K.li /«!««.» „,yf)' ll«l. I\: tNM.Ml.s, PAHtsmr WOKMS. nioro/0\Ns HI PhH A: ()I,I,,()(HAKTA. "•ii/;im>>. kM. I.uinl,ri..ulhl.,.. By Trunk .>TMi.|, P«rt n. Pf^i v,' .I'K'V!:''"- "v I'liul S. U,.|^h " ■■ H ' ', ,'s';r^„"^ ''.'W' V 'i.lboriiD:: ;:;:;: a..«-., s,„v„,j,,, „. ,,,„ Part f;-H. 'I iji Vi ,-vh,,'.* ^- '^■< "t'l' ,. (/•»«(/ .l;ir,/ ,•. i;ttfl\ PS {;s'i',;i;jsK,,;'iW^- "-■'■"»" —»—.. Part M. hYlliAuiv'iY..'n*l"'- .• ■^''"■"' v\^^^/„"y '- «• '"'W "" rri,.nra>ion). Vln k i'^^i^O^'^fiJlJ^V'OXS AM> HICHULTS-nlyW/neU ,)a.»,. ■•,/„;,«//;^,j;;:-7Vij;;!- VOMM. X.: «.OLO«T AND G«„««a..„v "^'"'"-'-' Par. ,,.MAM .so c.KOO,^r„,,.,, ^OTES.ByK.„„HhOCM^^^^^ (In !"■' inration) . VOLtMK XII: TnH COPPEU ENKIMOS r.r. V TEC f,^*'"*' ""'"' '"'^^"^"'"^^ ""^ "rn^^ «om:u ESKIMOS I m A. TEC H.NOU)C Y OK THE CnVVKR ESKIMU.S ^loht prepared). I''' vrepiration). \OLlMEXV: ESKIMO .STRINCi FIG I RES AND SONG.S ^^^^-^ivf y^l1-»---"" "^"^-"- -'^/— . Py Helen II. Koberu. un.l I). Jum„ ,. (/" /"■