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New York UfiOq i ,c* (^'6) 482 - 0300 - Phone ""^ ("6) 288- S989 - Fo, REPORT OF THE CANADIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION 1913-18 VOLUME VI: FISHES AND TUNICATES PART B: ASCIDIACEA By A, O. HUNTSMAN SOUTHERN PARTY— 1913-16 6/0 1 3 1 3 C2t V . <:><:>& pt .B Ul lAWA 1 . A ACI.AND PRINTER TO THI KING'- MOST I- XCIM.KNT MAJISTY Issued Nov. 29, 1922. P»rt A Part B Part A Part 1< Pnrt A Piiri H Part C Pert I) Part E: Part F; Part G Part H Part I: Part J I Part K Part A Part B Part C Part n Part E Part A Part B: Part C Part A; Part B; Part A: Part B: Part C: Part IJ: Part E: Pan F; PartG; Part H: Part 1: Part J: Part K: Part L; PartM: P-irt N: Report of the Canndian Arctic Expedition, 1913.18. v»n Mr li uKNKHii, i\TKoi»rrTio\, NABRATIVR. »rr< , VdM'MK II: MA>iM\LS AND BIHDH MAMMALS Ol V,i vr; HX AIUTIC AMI lUC \ DIUD.M)' Wi .ST! UN- A1{(;TIC AMi lUCA. i.» prtparaUon). By li. M. An.U.:«,n„mil'.A. Tavrm-r (/n ,,r.p«r«^„,). VOI.IMK ill: IN.HECTM Cranf^flioj. By CI :ir!i'i« P. Alcjamlcr. .MowiuitM'S. liy llarriMin C hvnr. .Mnll..pl„ii-,i. By -V. W. Baker. ; COrl"".r'lT:U.V*' ''■*'■ '■'■"'"""'' ^'- "• ■■"• ■'^■''"•" il"""' tiepUmher H. 1919). n:n>;!i,i':':;,;i >!•;;!;;;!!:;;! ''ir!^,! (r{"'if "^"- """ """"•""<'- ny j. m. s^ame. Coc-in.lli u. , KlutiTiil..-, Chrysi.iriolid'a) un.l RliyncIioi>liora (deluding Ipi.ld.). HF\Vl*i'TK'lM 'l\V'l'l!„'!''ri"'v"' M (luuedDrrfmherlt.ini!)). iit,,\iil 1J-.K\. My (..Iwnnl I', \iinUuxpo tlmueA f„l„ ii iaia\ .^UHlliea. (■rrnlliiv,|in..i,|i>ii). By Alex. I). MacGillivrav. I'lmisitic IlyiiicniiiitiTii. By Clmrlcs '1'. Brucs. \\a.s|«ni'.il Bciv*. My 1'. \V. I, Sladon. : SPn1i!:iU:''!^T "^ ANlf j[^'i^iAPObs "•""" ^''"'"'- '• "">■ Spiilcrs. By.). II. Fiiicrfon. .Mik's. By Xiitlian Bank». I FPmf'ipTi' R ^"^u."'f!',.^ • f;f"f'"'"""" <'••■'«' ■'"'« '<. '»'»)■ oRTii( )i TKiM uS K M "u li,'""" ('«""•'' ■'""'""y >o- torn. :*^L^1^5A;,!\^^;,ll^iT?{):^'!^- INSECT UFEiNTHEA^^ By Irits Johunscn /».«,,/ Aot mh,r7. tOlt). VOLUME IV: BOT.iNY FRESHWATER ALGAE AND FRESHWATER DIATOMS. By Charles W. Lowe LICHENS. BvG. K. Morrill (In preparahon). MOSSES. ByR.s.wmia^^.v:::;;:;::::::;:::::-::::::::::::::;(/-;/ii^^^^^ VOLUME V: BOTANV GI-.M.KAL NOIK.s ON ARCTIC VEGETATION, by Frits Johanscn. (In pfepanlim) VOLUME VI: FISUE8, TUNICATES. ETC. FISHES. ByF. Johanson (/, ,„..™„,.v,.^ ASCI UIA NS. ETC. By A. G. Huntsman. . ! ! . ! ! ! ." ." .' ! .' ! ! ! ! ' ' ! ! .' ! .' ! .' ! i i ; ! ." ! ! i ! .fl^t^^i""!: VOLUME VH: CRUSTACEA CIM \( i^- V Uv IV '^r )^]-'^^*- "y ^^"''Jo L. Sc'hmitt /,««i Sepfemfcer iS. 1919). V\r \-( >f • OnVi ^ A * ! .„ T ' •", '"''°*°"»''" (/'"ed 6'ep• of the t aiutdi'tn Ar, iir Kx[M'n lii-s \\\ tfu- fact tl ii ii wan lariffly proiMinif from n ri'niim whu^i A I'iui fiiiua \' i- nlniost fiitirdy iinkiKtwr, imjiM'ly tin- western ("aiiadiaii arctic and liic nrrtit' r .1 t -f Alu^ka The ri'CoiilH that thin materia' affonlH asu'nt in cIcmnhMtrutitiK tin aii .il nrcurii- |)<)larity of a iiMmlwr of niH'cii-M. Hy idurtcny if tlii' rnitcd States* National Mu^'iim it lia>* linn pofsil.jc to include in this report the rexultM of the Mtuily of s.im'.s rollection and hitherto unreconhd. In adilitioii tii! e ia included a ninKle record from arctic material of the Canadian I'isherie.-* Mu,>. Asciillniiais jlfUliUlil. ( 'ystimiiii (iriffithsii. liliizdiiiiiliiiila (jlohuldris, Station 43 n. Dolphin and Union strait. Northwest Territories, about 100 metres, sandy with ix'bhles, September i:5, 191"). ( 'iixtiiiijid firifftlhsii. Station 1:5 b. Dolphin and Union strait. Northwest Territories, .■)(M)n metres, .sandy mud with ju'libles. September 14, I'Jlo. Cutniidocarpa rhizopus. Station 415 v. Dolphin and Union strait. Northwest Territories. 20-30 m<"tres, uray mud and stones, September 14, I'Jlo. Stijclopttis sp. (?). Station 50 d. Youns jioint, Dolphni and Union strait, Northwest Territories, 0-1 fathom, rock. ,luly 21, IDIO. Stydop.-'i.-: s[). (?) Aplidium spitzbergense Hartmeytr i90;j. A plidhun spitzbcrgen.se, Hart.mky?:k, p. 341. 1908 b. Amaruucium sarsi, Bjerkan, p. 92. 1912. Aplidium spitzbergcnfse, Huntsman, p. 137. West coast of MeClintock island, Franz Josef l:ind, (S()° 22' N. hit.), July 1902, Baldwin-Ziegler expedition, U. S. Nat. Mus. No. tJ(i4(), 2 colonies. In the smaller colony (20 X 15 X 8 mm.) the /.ooids are at most .5-7 mni. lone and no eggs or embryos could be found. In the larger oiie (28 X 20 X 10 mm.) the zooids were as long as 10 mm., and both eggs and embryos were observed. The difference in the length of the zooids appears to be . Sec Van Namk (l!tl(l, p. lisrii lor dcscriptidti anil liliiMtiitc. Station 23, one colmiy. \o spicules were found in the single colony ohtaiiicil. (dlon\ 'M X IS X 7 mm.; individuals aliout 1 • ") mm. lon>:: oral aperture (i-lolied: the atrial without lancuet on a tulmlar siphon and indistinetly lotied: three rows of stigmata, aliout eaeh row; two dorsal lancuets on transverse vessels of left side; testis with coiled vas deferens on outer surface. This is an arctic species, which is doubtless circumiiolar, the present record tendiuK to connect the known distribution in ntirthern Kurojiean seas and the Asian arctic ocean with that along the east coast of America from N(!wfoundland to Cape ("od. Didemnutn albidum (Verrill) (?) Sec Van Name (IOU), p. 378 as Tcfrnilliknnnnii nlbifliuii) for dcsr'ri|)tinu and literature. Sta. '2'.i, 3 colonics. The very small size of the colonies in the collection has jireventcd a jiosilixc identification. In the character of the spicules and in such details of the struc- ture of the zooids as could be determined they agree with the description of this species given by Xun Name. This is a very definite extension of the known distribution of this speeies. which hitherto has been found only in the Atlantic iwrtion of the arctic and subarctic from Spitsbergen and the Murmaii coast to Davis strait and Cape Cod. Hartmeyer has, however, recently flO'Jl, ]>. 87) reported it fr«>ut. The main vessel enters the test ..n the left side near the ix.stero-ventral annle of the hodv. The l.rir.eipal l.ranelus take almost parallel eovirses toward ho anterior .'nd. except that a larp. vessel pne.uls alone the '/^^''■/'"'•f ' > ' iwsses between the sii.lions, and. luriiin^r baekw.-trd on the njfhi side, breaks up into four pi.raUel brai.ehes and suj.plies nearly the whoh. of the antero-ventral half of the test on that sidr. Th.> tentacles ntmib.r (1(> and the pre>»tiKmatie zone is Jiinooth. I'he (h>r.sal tubercle is in the f..rm of a simi-le h.irs.sho.'. with the broad ..p.^nmn between the horns directe•') on the left. There are small pai)illae at the junctions of bars and transverse vessels, and al.so inter- nu'diate papilla- in m<.st pa.ts of the pharyngeal wall. There are about two lonnitudinal bar.- for each plication of the wall. 1 he stinmata are three to six in number for each mesh. The intestinal canal occupies nearly two-thirds of the left side of the body from the posterior end forwards, and is much obscured by the rather thick eoatiiiK of closelv placed renal vesicles. The stomach is short, l.road, trans- verselv i)laced, and apparentlv with seven folds on the riRht sule. 1 he intestine takes "a rather evcnlv curved' S-shaped course to end at the base of the atrial sii)hon in the anus, which exhibits a bilobed refloxcd margin. The eomplexlv branched ovary is situated in thi fir.st intestinal loop and .■xt.'nsivelv covers the right side of the fir.st limb of the intestine, but extends onlv slightlv over the left side of the latter. Testes were not seen. 1 he oviduct crosses the last bend of the intestine, and then accompanies the rectum along its dorsal side. Hartmever (1910, p. 131) has expressed a doubt as to the distinctness <.f this si)ecies from A. prnnum, and believes individuals of the latter .pecies which he has seen show intermediate conditions which c(mnect the two. lo the char- 'icters which have been given by Hartmeyer (IflOIJ, p. 203) for distinguishing the two species. I would add two, namely the presence of mmute papilhie scat- tered generallv over the surf;.ce of le test in A. dijmphniann Mid their ab.senee in .1 prunum, and the number of longitudinal bars (lo to 20 on each side m th.' latter, and more than 50 in the former). Although the two species may tend to intergrade in other characters, it is suggested that in these two respects they may always be distinguished. This record extends onlv slightly the known distribution of this species, whicli has been found in the arctic seas to the north of R".^^';'- However, material collected bv Dr. E. M. Kintlle on the Labrador coast in 1021 contained a single specimen of this species, whose distributi,)n is doubtle-ss fairly exten- sive in the Atlantic portion of the arctic and sub-arctic regions. Ascidiacva I II Ghelyosotna macleayanum Hroil. uml Sow. Sec IIautmeykr (1903. p. 2«()) and Van Name (l!»12, p. .J!)U f'>r ilcscrip- tion and literature. Station 22, 2 specimen.s. — Station 23, 11 specimens. This well known species is a eliiiraeteristic arctic circuiupolar form, init is usually found in very small ntimhers. The si)ecimens here reported show the usual larne .siz(> that is attained \:en, as well as from other i)oiiits in the .\tlantic portion of the arctic from Novaya Zemlya (Redikorzew, llUti. i). 04i to Hudson bay 'Huntsman, l',t22l. 182o. 1842. Station 41, 4 speci- Cystingia griffithsii Mm( l.eiiy ('uMinijid (iriffilhsii, .MacLeav, i). ■")41. Clnrdina chnjMiiLlina, Mollkr, p. !•."). Piia, Mulfiula, a. du-sini crijstMina, auct. var. Station 23, .") specimens. — Staticm 37 b, 14 specimens, mens. — Station 43 a, 1 specimen (test only). In 182."! MacLeav described three species of Ascidians that had been col- lected by \V. N. (iriHiths at Winter island in Fox channel on ('apt. Parry's second arctic voyafje. Two of these are well know arctic forms Uiollenia and Dendrodun). Tlie third, which he called Cijdimiia i,,lffitliKii, has not since been recognized amonfr arctic or other material of Ascidians. It has been considered as belonjring to the familv Ttthyidae {Cynthiidac), and to be near the genus Fungidus. llartmever has, however, (1903, i). 188) called attention to the fact that an organ of this species described and figured by MacLeay resembles the renal organ of Caesirids (Molgulids). As this form was obtained in the same general region as that explored by the Canadian .Vrctic Expedition, it seemed probable that CystiuQia might be found in the material brought back r>y that Exjx'dition. After working over that material, 1 turned to .MacLeay|s figures and description of Cystingia, and it vvas at once apparent that MacLcay's Cystimiia qriffithi^ii was mme other than a somewhat unusual siv'imen ot the now well known Cae-vra (Molgida) crystallina, first described by MoUer in 1842 from Greenland. MacLeav's description and figures were not sufficiently clear and accurate to have j-revented error concerning the systematic i)osition of this species. The unusual structur(( of the stalk of his single srecinien has perhaps contributed to the failure in the identification of his species with ('. cryskdlina. One of the specimens collected by Johansen has a similar stalk, with the attached area and "roots" along one side instead of being, as is usual, at the distal end. Indi- viduals with intermediate conditions were also brought back by .Johansen. xu Cinniilliiii Aiflic KxiKililioii. I!)1:1-1S Of the clmnL'tcrs (livfn li.v .Miicl.tiiy, tlic t'ollowinn show the Cacsirid iiatiuv of Ills siMdi's. Siiiii-pclliiciil test, with viscera sliowinn tlirouuli: imisclrs iiiilv (■') iirar apertun's, and crossiiiu at rifilit aniili'S ami not ohliciudy, as in lioiUiiia foi). Two characters given by MacLeay do not iicree with those of Caesi- rids. These are the l-lohed oral aperture and the ahsence of a liver. In this si)epies the oral f>i)erture has three h)hes on each side, and of these the posterior is the most prominent, after that the anterior, while the middle one is relatively small. In a certain state of contraction, the middle lohe is distiiiKUished with difficulty, and the four atrial lohes are at the same time e(|Ually indistinct. This is sufficient to explain MacLeay's description of the "hranehial orifice" as (luiidrified and the "anal orifice" "api>arently without rays." While MacI.eay states that his species "has no liver verv distinct," the structure that he de>cnl>e.l and titfures as the heart is doulitless the liver. The latter is well dei)ictntral of the h'ft side entirely lack longitudinal bars, which renders them insignificant in comparison with the others, whidi possess from three to four. On the right side the most ventral is without liar and the most dorsal with one only. The I'ornmla of one specimen is: — Left. Dors. 0 (0) 0 (4) 0 (4) l) (4);o (3) 0 (3) 0 (Oj (I Vent. Right. Dors. 0 (1) 0 (4) 0 (4) 0 (A) (» (4) 0 (3) 0 ((»),() Vent. Another (Hjint worth noting is that :\IacLeay refers to the being transverse in position ratlier than longitudinal, and this position. In view of these facts there can be no reasonable (hiubt ;is to the identity of MacLeay's spcdcs. The name he has given must, therefore, rei)lace Moiier's name chrystallina. The position of the testes in this siiecies deserves consideration. Hoth Van Name (1912, p. 4!t.-i) and Oka (1914, p. 444) figure them as grouped along the anterior half or two-thirds of tl.-' ovary. The latter also describes a new species {Molgula rcdikorzevi) similar to this one, exce'H that the testes are separ- ated from the ovaries and lie, tfioso of the right si*: low the renal .irgan, and those of the left side in the intestinal loop, as 'ortiforniis. liedikorzew- (1916) figures the testes in cry.itnlhua (p. t)2) at tin . .terior end of each ovary, and in rcdikorzevi (p. t)7) on the right side i'roni the anterior end of the ovary around tiie anterior end of the renal organ and below it, and on th(> left side in, below, and on the inner side of the intestinal loop. I have found that in one largo and nine small specimens from Bernard harl)our, the testes are almost invariably at or near the anterior end of the ovary, but tend to extend down in front of tlie renal organ on the right and the intestinal loop on the left. In one specimen on the left side they are on the outer side of the oviduct, that is .it branchial fokls is indeed their .l>Ti'//. 137, and Kki'Ikoh/.kw, r.iltl. p. VIS. Station "JO l)-c, 1 specimens. Station 20 d, '.' specimens. Station •_'! d. e and fj, 1 specimen. St.ation 27 d. 32 siiccimens.- Station 27 s, I specimen. Station 37 e. 24 siiecimeiis. Station II, 1 specimen. Kedikorzew (I'.Uti. \t. VIS) has considered /^ (vciinnn Hitter. A', ritli ri Hartineyer, U. intiniKdia Micha(>lsen, A', irarpncliorsl;/! Hedikorzew. and U. {lujnnlea IJedikorzew, to he synonymous with Pallas' species, .and tlun appears, indecfl, to he no sullicient reasims for considerinn any of them to he di>iinct, the difTcrcnces noted heinn no fireater than minht be due to ,ii.'e .ind individual variation. Material at my disposal comes from I.ahrador. Hudson hay, ,Iaines hay, Rernard harhour I Dolphin and Union strait), CoUinson ixiiiil, Cape I,isl>urnc. Granth'y harhour, and Bristol hay, the latter four phiccs l.ein;; in Alaska and at widelv seiiaraled points from north to .south. I'lie material from Bristol hay {Alhnlw'xs sta. 322(ti lias heen identified hy Ritter (1013, p. -Ill) as A', litliri. Of the cliaracters that have heeii (liven as distiiifiiiisliiii}i specus in this Kenus, none seems to he sufliciently definite and invariahle to hase divisions upon. The amount of sand coveriiifi the surface depends upon the nature of the hottom, in some places lieiiifj entirely ahseiit. The shape varies considerahly dependiiif^ to some extent upon agi' and state of contraction. The eionsiatioii m.ny ho parallel or at ripht angles to a line from the attached to the free end. There may or may not he lateral llatteniiifr. The "root" for attaclinieiit may he simple and small or much-hranclied and exten.sive. Tlie muscuiatuie is perhaps relatively more jiowerful in larKc individuals and appears heavier in contracted specimens. Its arransement I hav,' already desririhed (Huntsman, 1913, p. 137). The tentacles vary in num! nd size. The dorsal tuhcrcle has the aperture between the horns directed i-ora dire 2tly anterior to almost directly to the left. The jiliaryngeal folds are more or less prominent, depending; upon the state of contraction and the method of ,,'■ -^erwition. The number of bars on each longitudinal fold is r more varia'-cj lliau is usual in Caesirids. and tha small differences claimed .,., important cannot be considered significant. •\1- Kiriill- iM H.miilt.m inl,.t. „„ the •'•ili.'inscii rp.'cu.sa,(^.,,i;;^:;S;AiaS?Si.:;;'^:-^''«''^''''''^'''' e..v..n.,|. l,y a ,hi,k lay.:;;} | "j ' Zl ' ^ ,'" ''-. -l.j.,ini„u slw.ll.,.; J"" "ccMirrciioc lit' this I tlic shore !•< t'drmcd IT is rv,.,,. ,n , ,,.,h frun/,.„,..half f, ZiMhn.,. ( : '* '^"'•"^^^"^'^^ "^ th. littoral """•"« ti„.Kr..,v,.|, l,„t which I .1m ntiMJiy; ,•.?■■''■''■'' '" ""' ''•^■'-n-^ <"• particular Kcttom J),..,,! ^i ' , [. ^ ' '" ' " ""' 'itloral n.^iori mifsi,!,. thil cnnnn.,„wasl,o,|upo, h, i„: \'^;',''''h''''''''-' '"' »''•' ^•'"n- s,,. ci,. u- r torn I.H.S.. l,y ,l,„ „',;,;,'.'■" '"•" '' "" '" '"«1'-Nvat,.r tnark, a„.l hu,l pn'l.ahly ll.Z KUkenthalia borealis (C.ttschal.it i '•'-I- AHMi.UK-ClIHI.STIK-f.INm- Wi'st coast .)f McC Styelopsis sp. i?) Ration, ;U.,,.p.,.,„„„, s.anon ..M, . spcci„...„. --.n „,nvis.. to nan... tl,,!,;; ^^S^ !' ^^^ll",^: (""y .L't-nnin...!. irlvouh any .l..scrih,.,i f..rin, ' I'lic.iiix. , ...» tiio,i}.h tli..y s,...m to .liiFer horn Tho!:;.cnnrc!:ar;':;rc:;h:;i;;;,r;!f;'r' r '^""■'^"' ^-"' -^"^'■' -...i mins both to l„. 4.1oi„.,L TI,t,.'iH ;;."■'■' V'""''"^^'; "" ^''"rt siphons JTJ^i sm.pU. an.l sh..rt. Th,. ,|orsal la in t, r o ' T. '^' 'i^' *™t"'^'<'« '"•,■ bars on ..ach side. Xo atri'd tor pI . ^ "'^-" • ^ '"■'•<■ •••r.- five l-.nRitu.lin. I horuontally pjac..,! on the left si, , .J f. ''T '"'" ^"""•'- '''''^ .^t.^mach is the riRht .s„le of th,. pharvnx an.l a , rn^he tft T TJ '""«'tutli"al bars on of pharynx cxfn.linK 'ior;,KV,>nt m l /i'.' ' teri ^ '""^ ?" '^V?'"''^-'^ «" ^'^h side stjKmata l.t.t n..ne o{ the h.tt.. cffi/^at';,,'" 'rf ''.'•"f ■"« .- into smaller fo.d.. Anus with smooth inarKin .»nt,.ro-posteriorly. Al.out G gastric .1 ariilidced llu Tlic li:iii>vt'rsc >ti({m:it;i, ali-ciicr of plmryiijjf'til fi.liU, arid |irrsciicc of (lors/il laiiciii'ts or (ccth on thr .lor-al lamina, arc lirlicvi'il to {„■ trit of .Me( lintock i>lani|. i'r.aii/ .lo^ef laml. lHII' 2'_'' N. lal. . .luly, iitO'J, Hahlwin-Ziejiler expedition, I'.S. Nat. .Mus. no. lituo. li speeiineii-. The invarialii'iiy in the initnlicr i'.i] of hr.anche.- of the tjoiiad i^ perhaps the nio.st striisinu eli.iracler oi tins .-peeie-. Tlie vtroiin development of the pharvntreal loM.^ ;ind tlie lar;;e nuinli. r of tentacles i.aJM.ut ."i.'n are aUo iiiiport.-int. Thi' tiiree spccim.lis directed showed the lollowinir cli.aracter-. TJie Iciujths Wife '.I, IJ and 1.') mm., and the iliainetcrs (i, !i. and IK mm. .\> i he specimens \\,\f consideiai)ly contr.acteil, the shape in extei;sion mu>t \>i- (|uite hiriK and cylindrical. The rounhemn^t of the surface ajipears to lie aimliaped excioceiice-. Tiie area of altaclinicnt i< di liniielv terminal specimen. The ma,iorit.v and small, ."it) tent;icle> were counted in the s( cone were approximately eijuai in size. Imt a few were tlorsal luljcrcle crescent -sliaped. (Ipeninu lietweeii and slightly toward h'ft. I'ormula for liars on ijharynneal folds. <|Uite >inall. liorti- direct .Vperlure of d forwards, ;{. HiRht. Hiuht. Left. Higlit. Left. I); 1 (4) 1 1 (12) 0 (ti) t) ;ferred these six'cimens to Kupfl'er's species, it is hijrhly prob- able that the latter is identical with D. kukintholi Hartmever (ISiHl. p. I!t3) and Viinthiii piilrlwlla \'errill (1871. p. <»8). The latter has I'.een well described by \an Name (1912. )). .")81) as D. aijuregala var. /mlchcUa. If these species are synonymous, Wrrill's name will have the priority. The differences that have been note(l between these forms do not seem to be very important, having to do with tlu' numbers and sizes of the tentacles, numbers of longitudinal bars, orientation of dorsal tubercle, number of ga.stric folds, and course of intest- ine, all of which vary greatly from individual to individual. With such limited material at my disposal, .1 'u'sitate to unite these forms. I), nihijphi has been recorded from north-east Greenland, Bering sea, and the Culf of Tartary; D. kukenthali from Bering sea, Siberian Arctic ocean, Kara sea, and Spit.sbergcn; and D. pulchdla from Newfoundland to the ( df of Maine. 12 1. ('iiniiiliiiii Aiilif Ej in(litiini . IHI'i-IS CnemidiHrarpa rhizupus i KiMlikor/i u i Sco l{Kiilk(>it/,K\v, iP.MIH, p. ;{2 as Sliiilii rtiizoi'ic, iiimI I'.tHl. p. JTI ami IliMsM.w ( l'.»2"_') for (listiiiiall. luiiii: ipiil\' finm :{ to 3."> iiiiii. ill (liaiiutcr. Ijicli possi-^scs a sinjrli' loinr, iiiucli-Kranclnil mot. wliidi is .•!> mtirli as ."» inin. loiic. In shape tlicv arc approxiiiiatciv spliriical am! thiir surl'ai't' is ciitiii-ly covcrcii with ^aml ;;iaiiis. 'I'licy corifspoml in external chaiarter* with sinali speciiiiens ut' this species ohiained in IIihImih hay. Ill the single -^ptciliieii ili>sefte(i the folio\viii(j characters were (leterniiiieil. Miisciilat'ire niiieh reihiced. scareelx- extemlinn heyonii sii)hoiis. Tentacles short aiiij alioiit 21 in niiiiilier. I'oriniila I'or phar^iiKeal I'olils - IJinht, Dor-. M I »i (» (1) 0 r.i) 0(1)1) l.elt. " 0 i;{i 0 (1) 0 (3) 0 (il (» Dorsjil laiiiiiia with smooth iiii(liilatorv margin. Stomach short, with al)oiit 12 folds, .\iuis with alioiit 1(1 somewhat rellexeil founded lohes. ( lonads oval, ohloiiii. or almost nlohiilar in sha])e, directed towards atrium, three on the riirht side and two on the left. The sm;i!l niimiiers of tentacles, lontiitudinal Kars, or phai\iiv:eal folds. (Ijistric folds, ;iiid anal lolie , as coiiijiared with previous accounts for the species, may he rel'erred to the small .size of the individual. In the iiiimher of the non.ads there is .'luieement with Hudson hiiy s|ieciniens (Hunt.sman, 1!»22). The records of this species, tlioufih few, indicate a cir"umpolar distrilmtion with little extension into the suli.arctic. Tlie six'cies has Keen knowi from the Siherian arctio coast, Novaya Zenilya, tlie Murinan coast, iiorth-i'a-t ( Ireeiii.'ind. and Hudson liav. C.niocarpa lovenii ( l\or. et Dan.i See \a\ X.\mf; (l!tl2, p. "itiO as Tdhyum rorinaum) and Hf.dikohzkw '191(i, p. 244, as (loniocarpa cnriacca) for description and literature. Station 23. \ specimens. ('a])e Lishurne, Alaska, a-lO fathoms, sand and gravel, coll. \\ . II. Dall, V. S. Nat. Mus. No. tj()47, I specimen. i;isewhere i Huntsman, 1!V22) I have exiiressed an ()i)inion on the dis- tinctness of certain of the forms that have been united with this species hy Redikorz(>w (H)l(i) and Hartmeyer (I'JI.")). They are indeed nearly related and the majority have not yet been clearly shown to be distinct. There i> certainly v.Ut), p. -'"Jlti I" r (li'.criptJMii .inil litcr.itiirr, Si;iti..ii •-';{, I >iM.cim.ii.- U.'.icli ;il Winter tiMtlMnir, Milvillc iiiaii.l, |!HM». (■(•II. I'. ll-imoM'v, ('.iiijidijiii l'i-l -li McCliniock i«l.iii«l. I'mtiz .loxi limd. iSd' 22' N. liit.', .liilv. IIMI-.' Haldwiti-Ziciiicr (Apidiiimi, l'. S. Nut. Mii^., N... titiWt, •_' -.p.ciiniii-. .VlM-rilart' (■liaiiiicl. cast of Aljicr island, Franz .losct i;ind. June, l!M)| HaMuin-Zieuh r <\ped,ti(in, r. S. \;it. Mns. Nd. tiOiid, ■_' specimen- This species ccciir- tlirouuimul tlie arctic, and it- di-tril>iiii.>n (\iends into the Mil.arctic in the north-western Pacific and on l.oth Mih - .,i ihi- .\tlaiilic. The pn -ent records as-ist in dcinonstratintt its circiiinpolarit v, lieiiiu the first lor the reuion lietucoi Merinir -ea and .lonc< sound off jtalfin l.a\ Uierlvin I'.MIS;,. p. tr. > • . Bolti'iiia echinata ' I..1 .■>(■.• \\\ .\amk I llH.', p. .".2:! ,1- I'linni irliiii.ihi . Hi msman i I'll;;, p. |i,:j^ as /;. iiniinii and 1{ki>ikou/.i:\v ■ IMIC. p. I.'iti f,,r de-eription ;ind literature. .■^t.itioii 2'.i, 1(1 specimens. South i:at( , northwe-iern Spitsliirucn, iT'.l" HI' N. lat.i, 7 fathoms, coll. i], Wilkinson. V . S. Nat. .\Ius. Nd. .V.I7I, 1 sp('cimcn. These arctic specitnelis exhiliil the ch;iiacleri.>t ic spine- 1 loimated .ixis and ih^finitc whorl of short hraiu'licsi of the more northern form of ihi- widely dis trihuted species, and difVer, therefore, frotn the -uharctic form, which h,i- -horter, irrcKularl.v ln-aiuheil spiue<. 14 H Canadian Arctic Exptdilion. UUd-tti LITERATI RK ArnbH' ! ' '"■'"Ij^'jjji; '^pr,„juci,v,. „rKnii» "f the Awiaiim Kukmlhnlta WeiiJi* (tiotUthaWl). Ptw, Z..0I. Hoc. Und. loai, pp. JH7-IW. ''^"'lUOHft A-«iair Dr€in.T Kx;H.lition nucl. OxtdpitibtrRcii iin .lulin- l»89. lOOIt. fhv ;wi.fi.'lMW A^ku/'^KiimmA.. .Zlid. Ill, pp. 0^';«. P'/ '^'-^'\-J!S?' lino Die A«cidK-nHcr DunmarkKx|M->liti"i.. Dan. Kkgped. Ill Oronl. Nord, lOOWW, lUl. V, Nr. ;J, KolMMih.'ivn, pp. ti'-ZM. ,.,.,.,.• 1 IKll /ur vcrbreitunK nordi«h, ill- 1010 AgciHicn uuM dem Bttrentiimirr. Arl-oit. d. deutreh. wiiwnchnft. KommiMi. f. die Intern. M.fr«.for«. B. Biol. An»t. uuf II'Ik''!"'"!- Nr 25. pp. l-^^l^i- 1921 Htudien an wcntgronlandischcn Ascidicn, Mi-ddel. or OrOnlancI, Bd. l-AU, pp. 1-1.37. Huitfcldt-Kmus^n.^^.^.^^ NorwcRiun North-Atlantic Kxp.> ' l-"«- 1013 HolosomatouH A»(idian« from the loast of wiistern Canada, t^ontr. Cu'i wtoi. lOOtHO, pp. 1«1-1S5, pl. X-XXI. . ^ ,.u . J r^i. 1 ™- 1021 AitCMlcterniinfttion, powth nr-' Kvmmetry in the test of the Ancidian, ChelyoHoma. Trans. Hov. Can. Inst., Vol. ..Ill, No. 1, pp. 27-;i8, pl. 1. U>22 RcHultH of the Hudson Bav Kx,H-dition, 1020, ill. The Aswdiacea. Contr. Can. Biol, N..*< Vol. 1, 1022. MacUav, ^^ • i^^^j^^j^^, ohsrrvntions on the natural (troup of Tunicata, with the description of three «pecies coUwtcd in Fox Channel during the late Northern Rxpedition. Trans. Linn. Soc. l^md.. Vol. XIV, pp. 527-.555, pl. X\ III-XX. ^'" IM2. index MoUuBConmi Groenlandiae. Nat. Tid.-<«krift, Vol. IV, pp. 76-07. 1914 Notizen ttbi'r iapanische .\scidien, II. Annot. Zool. .laixmenses. Vol. VIII, pt. Ill, pp. t4;i-4o8. ^'^'lO^"''' ^Dic .\scidien des sibirischen Einmecres. M.'m. \cad, Imper. Sci. St. P^tergbun-.. VIII Ser., Vol. XVIIl. pp. 1-50, pl. 1, 11. 1916. Faune dc la Rassie. Tunicies, Livr. 1, pp. l-SIiO. ^'"Yool^' ^' Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition. XXIII. The Ascidians. Proc. Wash. A*rl 0 I'url C IVrl r) P«rt K I'urt F I'*rt(; lurt II P«rt 1 I'.ft J Report of the Canadian Arctic iltpciiition, I'tl.MK. voM'NK villi MoiJ.i ^iKM, K< iiiNOii RH<«. < o».i.»;>t»:nati;h. ».T(' Mdl.M'-KS. Ui .\F. Ily Willi»iii il hall, (/•HI.../ Sriilfm'rr ?., Itl!>). CKI'flAl.nronA AN'I) ITKKoi'ODA < .'pli!.!.. .»ltt. Ily M.S. li.rry. I'l.r.ip.i.l», HyW. irii,,,: .In .•• ,Hr«r..)i). I rillNolilHM.-* Ity Au.lii. II. CImI. (/.,■, J Arnit, /9*»). l.|n"/"\ Ity H. r ii.lHirn (In ti. imn'ntn), IIOTAIulllA Hy II K. Iliirrina iJ-niH-m^. i.: .. I'll " l:i<), .'3i. Mi:i>IS\l: AND < 11 AoI'lmilA Ily II, U IligBl-* {ImtJ Ji.i.r If. liVi). llVOIt 'IIW. Hy C. .M.J.,in l>»«>f /, u ,( .1..,/., / ,, > t). I-OUIKKIIA. Ily A I1..1.I, 'li i,rrM"'lumi, VOI.I mi: IXs A%>iM.IIIH. |-\Ht<«ITI4' H 'I1M-, I'HOTO/UA.NS. M •. Purl A: Ol,|(;o( IIA.OTA I iiiiil'tH nil"! 1'. Hy I'rnnk Smith. Kn.l.vtrih.lr. ' V I';. ill .4. W.-|. I> , I'Ol.Vi ll\i;iA Ily lliipti V. i'li:m.l.,Tlm ill! I MM A lU I !• \I.»,r.. I'.irf, II I'art (■ I'krt 1) I'Mt K I'art K I'url ti- Vnn I t'art J P»rtK l>»rt 1. Put M P«rt A P»rt B Part C PartD Part A ,'art !■■ liKI'ln III .\. Ilv llalpl, V. Clmiiil.prlin ACAM Hill KI'HaI.A IIv II. J. Vun/■» imrattim). h ^.11- ■ ., .. ;■'/). (/n fifi ihi'ufion). I In III' I'tiiiition). l/pi / iirahfin). tj,, 1,1,1 Fthrwirn il, 1910) VOM'Mi: \: ri,.tNKTO^i, IIYI>H<>(iKAVII Y, TIIIKS, l:Tt'. I'l.AN'K ION. Ilv All.irt Mann (In ;.rr;.rir,i/i'D i;i:oc;KAriiY THF, iKOI.OfiV OF Tin; AUCTK' COA.Vf HF CANADA. U FST O! TIIF UKNT. PKNINSIT.A. Ilyj. .;. dW^lli /,■,,/„»•,., in .,-) . MAI'S AND (;EOi.KArill(\|. NoTI.S. Hy Kcnnoth G Clilpimm .inilJ.ilin K. f.,,. iln jir, /ifirn/ioa). VOI.IMi: XII: TIIR i'OPPKR K.HKI.'tOS Piirt A THK I.IFF OF THE ( OI'PEU FSKIMO.-i. By D. .li-nn.M (/w,,/ ./.in,,,,,/ ., /■'..'). VUI.|:ME XIII: TECIIXOMXiV OF THE COPPKK ESKIMOS Part A TFCIIN'OI.OdV OF I'lIF COri'i;H FSKIMOS rr,. )„ „rr.,i,irpd). Part B THE I'MV.-^ICAI, CHAKAf TEUI.STRS OF THE WISTIUN AND COITKR F;SKIM0S. Ily D. J,'nmv«.v J!- \.ii, f.i- 1 1. Part C: I III: O.STI OI,0(iY Ol Till. \VI STI RN AND Ci NT II A I, I SKIMOS • Ily Jolt r, Cuinoron ' In j.r- jj.ii i: pn) ^ VOLI'ME XIV: EMKIMd FOI.K-MIBE AM) I.AM'f A(iE Part A; 1 SKI MO MYTHS AND I i;.\ 1 H 1 H >NS FliOM AI.A.SKA, THE M Ai KKNZII-; DELTA, AND CORONATION C-.FLF. Hv D. .Icnncsa (/,'■;(, i,„- ,„■ .«,»). Part B: COMPARATIVE (IHAMMAK AM) VoCABlI.ARV OF THE KSKIMi* DIAI.ECT.S OF POINT HARROW, THE MAC'KENZIE DELTA, AND C.RoNATIoN CILF. By I). Junnoss [In preparation), VOLUME XV: E.SKIMO STRING t'IGi;RE.« AM> SOXiS Part A: STRING FIGURES OF THE ESKIMOS. Ry D. .leisne - «.,./,//«,• pr, «). Part B; SONGS OF THE COPPER ESKIMOS. By Helen H. RoUort* and D. Jitiik'ss {In preparalion). VOLL'ME XM: ABCIIAEOLOUY CONTRIBUTIOMS TO THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF WE.STERN ARCTIC AMERICA. {To bt prtpartiS .