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CIHM Microfiche Series (i\/lonograplis)
iCMH
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Canadian Instituta for Historical IMicroraproduetions / Institut Canadian da microraproductions historiquat
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r~n Covars damagad/
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D D CZl D
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BULLETIN (Special). Toronto, April 1900.
OXT.\l<]0 DRPAKTMIiNT or AiiKICl'LTlRi;.
liNSECTS AND PLANT DISEASES.
INSTRUCTIONS IN SPRAYING.
SOLUTIONS RECOMMENDED.
1. BORDKAUX MiXTURI.
Copper Bulphate 4 pound..
Lime (fre«h) 4 ••
W'**'' y.'.'.::::::::::: 40g»iion..
SoBpend the copper anlphate in four gallons of hot water. This may be done by putting it in a bag of coarae material, and hanging it so aa to be covwed by the water. Slake the lime in the same quantity of hot water
Dt, not at once mix the two solations thus made, bat proceed as follows — Put one of the solutions in the barrel, add a few pails of water, then add the other solution and bring it all np to 40 gallons. Use only fresh Bordeaux mix
should not be used until required for uie. Strain the solutions.
Only the best fresh slaked stone lime should be used. If the lime is good the
above amount IS likely to be sufficient. It is an easy matter to know howmuch
.ime IS required by using what is termed the ferro-cyanide of potassium test ThU
|Mbstanr«» can be got at any drugrlat's, and very little is required. Take a smaS
Itottle (2 oz.) and get it filled wiih a saturated"^ solution of this compound I
Ithere is not plenty of lime m your mixture, a drop of the test added to it turns
f brown. Add more lime and stir. As soon as the test fails to color in oominir
in contact with your mixture, it indicates there is sufficient lime present to
neutrahze the effects of the copper sulphate. Use wooden vessels in preparing
Ithe Bordeaux mixture. i'»«»f"""k
12 Ammoniacal Coppkr Oabbonate Solutiox ("Oupram").
Copper carbonate 1 ^^^
Strong ammonia sufficient to dissolve the copper carbonate
^^ ^'**'^ lOgaltens.
This solution is not much used, and is recommended only in cases where tha Mt u so far advanced that it would be disfigured by using the Bordeaux ixture.
Paris Obibn Mixturb.
^8^» ... 1 pound.
j!'*" 200gaUons.
^»""« 16 lbs. freshly slaked.
Uw 200 galloDB water in a mixtare for apple trees, 250 for plam treet, and 300 for poach trees.
4. Hkllkbore.
White hellebore (fresh) 1 ounce.
Water 3 gallons.
5. FVRBTBRdK.
Pyrethram powder (fresh) 1 onnce.
Water 4 gallons.
0. WnALB-Oii. Soap Solution. Dissolve 1 lb. James Good's oaastio potash whale-oil soap No. 3 in 7 gallons of hot water.
7. Kborsenb £mDL8I0N.
Hard soap ^ pound, or soft soap 1 quart.
Boiling water (soft) '. 1 gallon.
Coal oil 2 gallons.
After dissolving the soap in the water, add the co»l oil and stir well for r> to 10 minutes. When properly mixed, it will adhere to glass without oiliness. A syring or pump will aid much in thi^ work. In using, dilute with from 9 to lo parts of water. Kerosene emulsion may be prepared with sour milk (1 gallon), and coal oil (2 gallons), no soap being required. This will not keep long.
8. Tobacco Decoction.
Refuse tobacco 2 pounds.
Water 5 gallons.
Boil the mixture for 30 minutes or more, until a dark brown tca-colorfd solution is obtained. Keep it covered until cool. It may then be used undiluted for spraying infested plants.
Notes.
1. When there is danger of disfiRuring fruit with the Bordeaux mixture use the ammoniacal copper carbonate solution.
2. Experience in opraying during the past three years indicates that it is beet to use the combined insecticide and fungicide, commencing as soon as the buds begin to swell, again when the leaves appear, and continue it at intervals of 10 to 15 days, until the trees have been sprayed 3 to 5 times, which will depend upon the weather. In the case of a rainy season, it may be necessary to spray at least five times, while if dry, and the mixtures have been allowed to remain on the foliage, then three or four times may be sufficient.
In no case spray while the trees are in bloom, but immediately after. It is contrary to law, and punishable by a fine of from $1 to $5.
3. The combined insecticide and fungicide, containing Paris green and Bordeaux mixture, is to be used for insects that chew and injurious fungi, but kerosene emulsion alone for those insects that suck the juices of plants, such as
apuio, luixp, iiru spiuci, uiutci' xuivr, Ujrsicr-Sliou uarK-IOUiO, OKU JOBd BOftle, etC.
"* 4. A stock solution for the preparation of Bordeaux mixture may be pre pared as follows : Dissolve 25 pounds of copper sulphate in 25 gallons of water.
8
One gAlloD of this conUini one poand of the copper aalphate. In another barrel 8l.ke 25 pounda of good lime, and add 1 2 > gallon, of water. One gallon of th? contain, two pound, of lime. To make the mixtnre. take four gallon, of the copper .ulphaU. w u ,on and two of the lime. If there i. any doubt aZt theJe not being .uftcient lime, try the teat already referred to under^Bordeaux m xture Now hU up the amount to 40 gallon, with water. Add four ounce. oivlZ
6. Prepare the mixture, well, apply them at the, proper time, and be a. thorough a. poasible in the work. Three fourth, of the ao calM aprajinj done 1. not apraying at all. The treea are only drenched. When .pr?,in« i!
the plant A great deal more of the mixture will remain on the plant wLn
. ^' u^^^l*'"""® "*'°.°'*^ ''^ '"'^ *° '*>« P°"P or barrel, and, after uaine clean water ahould be pumped ao aa to clean the outfit. Thia i^ important, Ta^ome^f the mixture, act chemically on the metal of the pump
more W^'editlLy ' '"^ '^°"''"- ^'^ '''"' ''^^ ^ ^^^^^ J""' ^ -" -<» much
other^^over!'''^ ^°"'""'' "'"*"''' °^ •'°'"'" *"'* ^•'°«'» °»« ''^•"^ »°«'» or
9. Ab niMt of the apraying mixtures are poiaonoua, care ahould be taken in working with them. They ahuuld not be uaed when there ia any wound ir abraaion of the skm expoaed. and care ahould be taken not to allow the apray to «ttle on the handa or face, or to be inhaled. Arsenitea taken into the ayatem^y absorption or inhalation produce aymptouia of poiaoning. In mild caaea they reaemble the aymptoma produced by poisoning ; in Severe case*. heaSacheY nauaej^ erup lona, boila and ulcer, are said to rea Jit. The dangeTfr^m araenUea which are aolub^ in water auch a. London purple, are much greater thin from Pan. green, which contain, very little waterlaoluble araenic. There ia mor^ danger of poiaonicg by absorption when perspiring freely. However by taS proper Precaution there need be little fear. A lelther iaaher aCut Cr ^S m diameter .hould be fitted juat below the nozzle, which will prevent the d Ho rom reaching the handa^ .la far as possible krep to windwafd of the nozZ When much work is to be done, rubber gloves should be worn. The face and exposed parts .hould be wa.hed immediately pfter apraying.
...ini.^?' ^^V°[[' °' spraying with Bordeaux mixture is not very great. CoDoer
J^ E ; \'''/*'* 5"" •»°*"'y ^"^''^ " ^^^ °°Jy »^i"d ^hich should be used Wan be had at from Cc. to 7c. per lb. by the barrel, and Paris green at from 1 5c to 30c. per lb. The cost for material to properly spray an average 8001" tree for the entire Kason should not exceed from 6c. to 7c ^ ^^
TREATMENT.
1. Applb Treatment for deetrovinff r.mUinn .m/.*a j..j ^.tt , , , M«r. canktr worm, apple spot, haf bligl/, pisiol case-bearer "and'pZdery mZew
Firat spraying : Bordeaux mixture and Pari, green (4 oz. to the barrel of the mixtnre) when the bud. are swelling. v « • »« me oarrei oi
S«oond : Bordeaax mixtora and P»rii green before the bloMomi open.
Third : Bordeaaz mixture and Parii green when the bloMome have falkn
Fourth and fifth apraying : Bordeaux mixtare and Parii green at intervals of ten to fifteen daya, if neoeaiary.
No definite date can be named after which it would be lafe to oeaie ipray ing for apple scab. The orchard should be watched after the third or fourth application, and the treatment again applied if loab appeara on the fruit or leavea. Many apple growers who sprayed in 1897 until the end of June, and neglected to watch their orchards afterward, lost heavily. The soab appeared very late in the season last year, and all the experimental orchards were given an extra application in the early part of July, which largely accounts for the splendid rasnlte obtained.
We cannot always control the codling moths by spraying, especially in the Southern section of Ontario where they continue to propagate long after the regular spraying season is over.
To insure a clean crop of apples, if the codling moth is bad in your orchard, in addition to spraying, use bandacres around the trees. Make them from foor to six inches wide, three or four inches thick, of any kind of cloth. Old bags, sacks, carpets, coarse material of any kind will do. Bands of straw and tow have been used with some success. The first week in June, bind one around each tree three or four feet from the ground ; secure it either with cord or small nails ; take it off every fifteen days and dip in hot water ; or put it through an ordinary clothes wringer, which may be attached to a wheelbarrow and taken from tree to tree. Have sufficient pressure to crush all insects.
After a careful inspection in 1898 of badly infested trees, on which band- ages were used, no cocoons were found except in the bandages, and in creviceg of the bark under the bandages. It will take very careful inspection to find all of them, as they are carefully concealed and very much resemble the bark. All coarse, loose bark should be scraped from the trees in the early spring, as many other enemies of the apple tree harbor there also.
The first brood of moths appear about the time apple trees bloom, and begin depositing eggs as soon as the apples have formed on any part of the apple or on the leaves or stem. Each moth lays from 80 to 100 eggs. The egg laying period lasts from 8 to 1 2 days. The eggs hatch in from six to eight days. The larva at once makes its way into the apple, where it remains from three to four weeks, when it leavea the apple and locates in some suitable place to pass the transformation stage, which is usually under or in the crevices of the coarie bark of the tree from whence it came, but sometimes on fences, buildings or rubbish, wherever it can find shelter. In one day it constructa a cocoon in H hioh it enters its third or pupa stage. From this it emerges in from two to three weeks a matured moth prepared to repeat its life history. The latter broods remain it the ooooon in the larvte stage until the following spring.
2. Pkab. Ltat blight, scab, and codling moA, the same as for the apple.
8. Pldm. Cureulio, broum rot and lea/ blight.
First : Bordeaux mixture and Paris green before the flower buds open.
Ocwuu . xn/xucouA iiu&vuif7 auu a aim f^Lwu aa outru as uBo uovais usvc xaiicu.
Third : Bordeaux mixture and Paris green in seven to ten daya after. Fourth spraying : Bordeaux mixture in ten to fifteen dayi after.
4. Pbaci
Spray at mixture only
Fourth I ing the fruit
In Kpray fltrenglb may only half stre
6. Cher First spr
ing ; if aphis Second : Third : J
6 Orapi First Spi
inch in diame Second : Third an Paris G«
when the larv
7. Raspe First: B Second : Third spi
8. CORR^
First spri
soon as the lei
Second S]
For worn
9. TOMAT
Spray wij times, if neces
10. POTA
First spri 100 gallons of
Second sf inches high.
Thii^ and days, if necess
Spraying «nd the rottini
11. Cabb Pyrethrui
on (one part p;
12. Stbai Bordeaux
will control thi After they begi
hkve fallbn •t iatarvals
seue ipray- 1 or foarth le frnit or f June, and b Appeared were given Dti for the
a\\j in the g after the
mr orchard, \ from foor Old bags, w and tow one around th cord or t it through r and taken
hioh band- in crevices to find all bark. All g, as many
I, and begin 9 apple or egg laying days. The iree to four o pass the
the coarie aildinga or
cocoon in 'om two to
The latter bg.
he apple.
I open. I *-ii«
USVC IBilc
4. Peach. Brown fu it rot, l«af blight, plum curcvlio and peach eurL
Spray at first ai in case of plum, but after growth burins make Bordeaux Diiztare only of half strength.
Fourth spraying : Ammoniaoal copper carbonate, if any danger of disfisur- mg the fruit with Bordeaux mixture.
In spraying peach trees for curl leaf or peach rot Bordeaux mixture full dtrenglh may be used while the tree is dormant. After growth besins use it only half strength.
6. CtiERRT. Aphis, $tug, hron-n rot and It-af blight.
First spraying : Bordeaux mixture and Paris green as the bods are break- ing ; if aphta appears use kerosene emulsion alone or whale-oil soap.
Second : Bordeaux mixture and Paris green as soon as the blossoms fall. Third : Bordeaux mixture and Paris green ten to fifteen days after. 6 Orai'M. MiUhw. black rot, Jim haetle, and leaf-eating inaicts.
. . . "■?' ^P'*y^°8 : Bordeaux mixture and Paris green when the leaves are one mob m diameter.
Second : Bordeaux mixture and Paris green when flowers have fallen. Third and foarth : Bordeaux mixture at intervals of ten to fifteen days. Paris Green alone when tli" beetle is attacking the buds in the spring, or when the larva is attacking the leaves in summer.
7. Raspbbrry. Anthraeno8«, lea/ blight and aaw/hj larvte.
First : Bordeaux mixture and i'aris Green just before growth begins. Second : Bordeaux mixture and Paris green about when first blossoms open. Third spraying : Bordeaux mixture when the fruit is gathered.
8. Currant and Gooskiierrt. Worms and mild^.n-.
First spraying : Potassium sulphide, Bordeaux mixture and Paris green as soon as the leaves expand.
Second spraying : The same ten to fifi .. days later.
For worms alone, hellebore or Paris greei will be effective.
9. Tomato. Rot and blight.
Spray with Bordeaux mixture, as soon as rot or blight appears, for three times, if necessary, at intervals of ten to fifteen days.
10. Potato. Blight and bestlea.
,^^ ^'"' "Pf'y'OK : Paris green as soon as the beetles appear (one pound to 100 gallons of water). '^
Second spraying : Bordeaux mixture and Paris green when plants are six inches high.
Third and fourth sprayings : Bordeaux mixture at intervals of ten to fifteen days, if necessary.
Spraying with Bordeaux mixture will prevent the blighting of the planU •nd the rotting of the tubers. " o r
11. Cabbaqb Worm.
Pyrethrum applied in solution (one ounce to four gallons of water) or dcrted on (one part pyrethrum to seven parts flour) for the cabbage worm.
12. Strawberry. The tmt or Uaf blight,
Bordeaux mixture, when it can be applied without disfiguring the fruit, will control this disease. Apply at intervals of two or three weeks on new beds after they begin to make runners.
1
0
INJURIOUS IN8E0T8. Th« following ars lome of the rnont common injarious inaecta that .r^
rfun«o.TnJ.. !; J ^"*J *""**■ "■* ^"'J' •"» »n''«<'t*ci«»^ »>ut if treating for » fungoid peat at the nme time a>e » combined fongicide and inwHsticide.
1. Tbnt OATmv\LLABa.-auiocami,aA»ierirana and C. dUttria.
Tent Caterpillar : a and '.. caterpillarN ; c effs cluster ; '/, cocoon.
Tent Caterpillar .Moth.
These inaecta weave large webs in the branchoa of the apple tree and do much damage feed ing upon the foliage of the treea They alao attack the plum and cherry. The egga— 200 to 300 — »re laid in nnga upon the twigs of the frees and can be readily aeen, ao that many of them might be easily deatroyed daring the winter. The cater pillars grow rapidly. Amerieum haa a white strip down the back, and diastria a aeriea of white apota, and thua they are readily diatinguiahed from each other, Both develop into brown motha The accompanying cut repreaenU the different stages of the inaects, C. Americana.
wl.«/rff*'^#~^: ^°n^^ *''® ^«« *'^'"'«'' »° ^>'^*'"" 2. Oraah the " tents mUtare *'**«'^P'"»"- 3. Apply Paria green with lime or with Bordeaux
.alia J?^r""? caterpillars mature in the fall and remain dormant in the e« Thlv ha^^^K^''"^'"' "'^'''T *»»«y «'»«'•«« daring the first warm days of sprin? They have been discovered on the bads aa early as the fifteenth of April wak mg for the yoang leaves to appear. If the tree i« sprayed with ptris 1 „ mixtare at this period their destruction is almost certain. *
of dealing with .h, ^.i«.-c.-..rSu™;;iii;r»r.7ro"7rhr3,rz
I. These make their home orimarilv in tho fnp<»f. -k— ,. u
orchards and lawns. „.„ „„^„
is impossible to clear off the egg-maaaea.
ate of^IeaJ^ltJr" »^°y^l be sprayed, as soon aa leaves are opened, with araen- ate of lead aolation, made by dissolving in a wooden paU threJ. ounces of acetate
«
o( le*d m one quart of water, and in another wooden pail dinolve one oanoe of arsenate of eoda in one pint of water ; empty tLo oontonta of «aob of the pails mto a barrel of water (40 gallon.) Stir well ami add one quart of gluJoee. Tar bands, moreover, should be placed around the trunks, and pyrethrum powder may be used to advantage about the tree. k « "^
2. Tiiit Tussock Moth —Orgyia UncoHiqmn
;4
Tun»ock Moth : It, wioKlesH fumale on maM of egrgH ; b, oaterpilUr ; r, female pupa ; -f, male pupa ; «, male moth ; f, full (jrown caterpillar.
The caterpillar of the TuBSock Moth is very destructive some years, but with care the trees may be kept quite free from its ravages. The white, froth- like masses of eggs, which remain over winter on the trunks and larger branches, and even ^n buildings and fences near by, may be scraped off and destroyed during iv.-c .7inter. If a few survive this treatment to show themselves a8 larva- spraying with Paris green will kill most of them. The bands of tar brushed on the trunks three or four feet from the ground will prevent the wingless female from ascending the trees to lay her eggs.
3. Codling Moth.— Carpocapga pomonella. The eggs of this tiny moth are laid on the leaves and stems and sometimes on the skin of the young apple. As soon as hatched the larva burrows into the apple, where it feeds until fully developed. Affected apples fall to the ground, and often contain the worm in them. The
cocoons are frequently under the bark and
in other sheUered sncta.
The moth appears about the time the trees are in bloom, and is one of the worst pests that attacks the apple.
tP«||(?t
CodliDR Moth : (t, burruw ; 6, eatrance hole ; d, pupa ; f, larva ; f, moth.
When the bloMomi have jast fallen the calyx leAvea are widelT opened. It ia claimed by Mme of the beat authoritica that thia ia oar beat chance to deal an effective blow at the flrat brood of larvw of codling moth, which uaua ly enter the apple at thia point. The treea ahoald be thoroughly iprayed with n a week after the bloaaoma have fallen that a qaantity of poiaon may reat in the calyx cap and be protected by the leaves which cloae up rapidly and r.'tain it for the firat meal of the larva, If thia spraying ia followed by rain it will be necessary to repeat the application.
H<tm«<ly—\. Feed the fallen applea which may conUin larva. 2. Spray with Uordeaax mixture and Paris green, as directed for the treatment of the apple. 4. Canker Wohmb. — Anisopierifx vtrnata and A. potnetaria.
»^B^ ^VHS^^ '^^ 'Pftog canker worm waa very common in
fi^ B?- — i"''^ l^^^- ^^^ worms are much alike, about an iooh ^B^ ByfiS ^°^^' °' ^ darkiah brown color, alender, and move wtersaa^ with a hoop like motion, hence, sometimes called " nieaduriug worms." They can drop from a tree by a silken thread.
A. vemata, the moths, appear in ipring ; the ^^_, ^ ^ „ jt fem*le is wingless, the male ia aahoolored and has
Jf^^ wings. A. potmtaria is much the same, but the
C»nker \V.in« (/) and egg* («, '/, r.) moths aptear in the fall. The wingless femalea in both species crawl up the trunks to lay their eggs npon the twigs.
These insects attack the plum, cherry and apple. The accompanying cuta illus- trate A. vemata,
R«inedy—\. The females may b a trap- ped by putting a band of some adhesive material around the tree.
2. Paris green is an effective remedy, as directed in the treatment of the apple, if used in time. If the worms are full grown and nnmeroup, use six ounces of Paris green instead of four.
3. Tree collars.
5. Oystkr-shkll Bark-Loubb.— i/if<i7a«/M« ftomorum.
Thia insect appeara in the form of minute brown scale upon the bark of the apple tree, and being much the same color is difficult to distinguish. The effss are beneath the scales. They hatch about the end of May or the beginning of Jane. The young lice are almost in- visible; they seek the ends of the yoang twigs, where they become 6xed,
«nd continue to suck the juice from the o_.t^, qu-ii r..i, t
twig^ Soon a scale forms over them. Oyter-8h,ll Bark-Lou^.
All scales the ehape of an oyster-shell are females, and their eggs are laid under the scale. The scale of the male is more oblong and is rarely seen.
♦«,«if^r^^"'\« \ **''L*"'' ^••."'^ly "Pring. "crape ott the rough i>ark from the trunk and large limbi, and rub in with a scrubbing brash the following eolation : One quart soft soap, or one quarter poand hard, in two qaarts boUUig water ;
Canker MotI » : u, male ; 6, female.
I'emr trre hIuk, vwioui nite».
6, P«Aa Tmk 8lc«j — irr»o««am;>a cfirati, Thii iDMot may be foond .tUcking the pe*r, plum and cherry.
The eggi are laid aboat June. The larva ia about onehklf inch in length and it thicker towardii the hfad, of a ■omewhatgreeniah black color and •limy. It ha« many lega. The pupa itage is spent in the ground and laatH two week>. The imago is a amall, four winged black fly. The alug feeds on the up|)er sur- face of thr l.af. It was quite common daring 1896. ^«m«(/2/._Spraying with Bordeaux mixture aud Paris areen hellebore nr pyrethruiD, in the common proportions. *^ ' ''''"®'^'*' °'
tive a?t'he LVbTf ^T^ •»~°'t»'e middle of July which is quite a. destruc wXn'Xn^a^d'mfddle'r/nir' ^'^--^ B"<^-" -d Lis green fim
7. Pldm OvRcvuo.—ConotracheluH nenuphar. !n ♦i.I«7'' *' °u *''»«°V*"'"«' known than this little beetle. The egg is deposited
a b-ac^ humlon Z° -5.7''/ «'7'"^' **««*'"• °°«fi'^»> °' «"> *°«»^ »o°8. with stou^ bodv Th? bi!l^ S' fu' "*'^ '''•^^ '""• ^' '^•' • «"'^«d snout and a !nd an^; i„ tK„ ^ ^l themselves during the winter in sheltered spots, ana appear m the spring about the time the - ^
trees are in bloom. This insect is also found upon the cherry, peach, and even apple. The curcnlio works on the fruit for about eighteen nays only.
Semedy.—l. Jarring the trees morning and evening. At this time many beetles will drop and may be collected on a sheet placed below.
2. Gather and destroy the affected plums as they fall. *^
3. Spray with Bordeaux mixture and Paris green as directed for the treatment of the plum Spray once before the trees bloom, again as soon as the petals fall, and repeat about a week after
Plum ' Curcnlio : o, jf,ub • b and e, beetle ; d, egg laying on plum.
8. To Protect the Peach Tbeb kbom the Borer th« J±.!r'il'!!-°/.^.!''1r/'<>'»,*f»'-*-'* ^'-hlime. add water antil it ha.
littl. ., m.k. . fj^t j,b. Apply Clrt^Ts^ S fZ!^ *"°""' ""^ "
- J
10
9. OuBRANT Wotiit.—NematuB ribesii.
Currant Worms and the Saw Flies to which they change.
This insect ia very troublesome upon currant and gooseberry bushes. It lays its eggs early in the spring, on the under side of the leaves, in rows along the veins. These hatch in about ten days, and the young worms appear. The larva, when full grown, is about three quarters of an inch in length, of a green- ish cc !op, with dark spots, and has many legs. It spins a brown cocoon, of paper- like texture, which is found sometimes on the ground among the dried leaves, or on the bueh, attached to the stems or leaves. Thib represents the pupa con dition.
The imago appears in about two weeks after the pupa stage has been entered. The male is much smaller than the female, the body black, with some yellow spots above, while in the female the body is mostly yellow. Both have four membranous wings. A second brood is of common oo- oarrence.
Hemedies. — 1. Hellebore, one ounce in three gallons of water. It may also be applied as a dry pow- der, mixing it with three or four parts of flour.
2. Paris green for the first brood, but care must be taken not to continue this if the fruit is likely to be affected.
10. Qbape-Vinb Beetle. — Hallica chalybea.
The egga are deposited on the under side of the leaves. The larva is about one- third of an
inch long dition is The passes tl is very ( larval ooi
Rem combined
2, E
3. Ji
The, tree. Th about thri shallow c{ bark and cuts a pas
Roun In this cha it is' an inc! borer, whic The in on the wini
11
Moh long, browniib, with levertl black dota on the bodv Thl .
d.t..n i. p«ed in th, ground, .nd oontinae. L .bo.t\re, ^^e^' ""°"
J, Dast pyrethram powder upon the vines attacked. 3. Jarring the vines in the morning and collecting the beetles. 11, RouND-HsADBD BowiR.~Saperda Candida. tr«e ThlT '"^ ^T''-^^^ about June, near the base of the trunk of the annle
£S°^dTniio;jit:tT-r.:'i^ rx ri- r -v» '^'
Win i
In thif^r.nnT>' ""T" ^r ^""'' ''^"■'" ^"'^"" = "' '"^- ' *' P^P'' = ". beetle.
in tliiB channel it enters the pupa stase about anrinir W».^„ *-i j i ^
o. .h^^i^^r.* SdtngtoSi5":it!:°vi*^^^
12. Flat-Headed Borer.— CAryso6o</.m /smorato. This insect also attacks the trunk of the apple tree, but it lays its eggs higher up the tree than the pre- ceding one. The larva is a pale yellow, an inch long, and has a well-marked flat head, much wider than tnebody. It is sometimes found even in the limbs, and is not so long in developing as the round-headed borer. It cuts flat channels in the sapwood, and -. ometimes girdles the tree. Castings and discolored bark indicate its presence. It finally bores into the
' a\i! — ' "'"' '-"''""*'=° » p^pa for about two weeks, and then emerges as an imago about half an inch lona. somewhat flat, and of a greenish black color, with tnree rawed lines on each wing-cover. The legs and under side of the body present a coppery lustre.
Flat-Headed Apple Tree Borer, Chrysobothnt femora- it Fabr : a, larva ; 6, beetle.
12
Remedies.— I. Examine the trees in autumn, and where the sawdust-like oastings indicate the presence of the " borer," a stifl wire may be pushed in and the larva killed, or sometimes the larva can be out out with a knife.
2. About the beginning of June, apply the following mixture to the trunk of the tree ; one pound of hard soap, or one quart soft in two gallons of water ; heat to boiling, and add one pint crude carbolic acid ; make a second applica- tion in three weeks. This can be well done by using an old scrubbing brush to rub it in.
13, The Pbab Trbk Psylla — Psylla pyricola.
The immature tn««c<— These curious, minute, oval, immature forms are called nymphs. The newly-hatched ones are yellow in color, with crimson eyes
and can scarcely be seen with the unaided eye. Duting their growth they gradually acquire the black markings shown in the figure, and beoonae tinged with red. A very conspicuous feature in the full grown nymph is the large black wing- pads on each side of the body.
The adult insect. — In this form the insect strikingly resembles a cicada or dog-day harvest- Hy in miniature. Its general color is orimson with broad black bands across the abdomen. Its thickened femora enable it to jump like a ilea. In the male insect the abdomen terminates in a large trough-shaped segment from which pro- ject upward three narrow copulating organs ; Full-grown nmph'of the pear pniiJa, the end of the abdomen of the female resembles
ventral view, greatly enlarged. a bird's beak.
Remsdy.—0\xT experiments in 1892 showed that the nymphs in all stages were quickly killed by kerosene emulsion.* Others who have tested it thor- oughly report success.
Usually most of the damage is done in this State by the first brood of nymphs before June 15bh. It is therefore very important that the insect should be checked early in the season. We now advise using the emulsion diluted with about fifteen parts of water, instead of with twenty-five, as it is more effective against the nymphs, and it will also kill the adult insects. As the nymphs begin to hatch just as the leaves are expanding, then is the time to begin spraying ; about May 15th is usually the time in i^is State. Where they are numerous, a second or third spraying will be necessary. The emulsion must be applied liberally and thoroughly : it will not injure the tree in the least. It is much more difficult to fight the insect later in the summer, when the tree is in full foliage and many of the nymphs are covered with honey-dew. Watch for their appearance on the unfolding leaves in the spring and act promptly. Spray t«o or three times in a week if necessary; make every effort to pre- vent the development of a second brood.
pyriKdln, thf adult innect, much enlarged.
The trunks ai least five the adult whale oil believe ic
This •ometimei
I
Apple Tree oceltana ; pupa. middle; t an inch ac blackberry
Heme ment of tl
IheJ either pun
^
(*rrom Cornell University Agricultural Experimentol Station Bulletin No. 108.)
Fall Web-
and the ooi ated with <
The Si other r»rj,e throughout fluffy
13
Th9 Adults— In Bolletin 44 we laggeated that a thorough washing of the trnnks and larger branches of the trees in winter with kerosene emalsion (at least five per cent kerosene), or a strong soap solntion, would destroy many of the adults in hibernation in the crevices of the bark. It is reported that a whale oil soap solution, has been thus used very effectively in New Jersey. We believe ic is a practical method, and should be practised in infected orchards.
14. Bud Moth. — Tmetocera ocellana.
This insect is fond of attacking both leaf and flower buds upon the apple, and
sometimes proves very injurious. The half-grown larva winters over and appears
\^ ^ in spring as a small brown caterpillar, just about
the time the buds begin to open, and feeds upon
them. It measures about half an inch when full
grown. By rolling up one side of a leaf, and
securely fastening it with silken threads, it forma
a tube in which it enters the pupa stage, having
^ lined the little chamber with a closely woven layer
of silk. This condition lasts ten days. The imago
A.,«i« rp n J nr ..u m . ^ a small moth, resembling the oodlins moth in Apple Tree Bud Moth, r»ietocfra _}„ -«J #«-„ t* j- -« l "" *"8 "•"«'"»«
oceltanu; a, moth; 6, larva; c,^"® *"** '°""- I' " " ^^ ash-gray color. The pupa. front wings have a whitish-gray band across the
middle ; the hind wings are a dusty brown. The expanded wings measure half an inch across. It also attacks pear, plum, cherry, quince and peach trees and blackberry buds. '
Remedy.— FAtia green added to Bordeaux mixture as directed for the treat- ment of the apple.
15. Thk Fall WebWorm.— FypAon^rta cunea.
The Fall Web- Worm is another serious pest of shade trees. The moth is either pure white, or white spotted with black, and is a very pretty creature.
It lays a cluster of 300 or 400 eggs on
the leaves. The caterpillars feed in
colonies, and each colony spins a web
wherever it feeds. When full grown,
the caterpillars leave the web and crawl
down the trunk to the ground to spin
their cocoons, within which they pass
the winter as pupse. Several methods
may be adopted to rid the trees of the
pest. The collection of the cocoons, and
the spraying with Paris green are both
Pall Web-Wonn-o, caterpillar ; b. pnpa ; elective, bat perhaps, the most effective
e, moth. mode of treatment is to bum the weba
and the contained caterpillars. A long pole, to the end of which a swab satur-
ated with ooal oil is fastened, makes a good torch for burning the webs.
16. The Sprucb Gall Louse. — Chermes abietia.
Thi> Spruce QaU Louee is undoubtedly a serious pest of the white and* other r{ir?;eties of spruce. Daring the last few yean it has done much damage throughoat the Province. In early spring, aboat the first week in May, woolly, fluffy masses may be seen on the terminal twigs of the spnioe, and if theae boi
14
Zdieme lY^L^Zl' V!if««' '" ^ '°"°^- !«» »'»'>'»'«' '^e^k the lice hatch,
llrl Taehi^^jJ'Ji'r^^^ '«>" -'»°'' the characteristic
^urj. Aoe base of every infested leaf becomes enlarffed and sail-like Th« Ur •vae are s.fe from insecticides as they now live withif ?hrb.fe of the leal
If tl tobacco w killed. 1 lice make
17. As
A spa in the Ni spotted ac
The
beetle, w latter is a spots.
The I the first deposit eg grabs wb in a week ble some)! potato bee of yellow nearly tw asparagns adult beetl
Bemei as to force every few
2. So as traps, a: the grubs c
In all ounces to t
18
Thise by three di the juices ( is diiS5cult
R«mea insects cam
2, Spi whale oil sc day.
*•-ws.?:stir;trrSiJ.•■?■-al/&proiiJ=;s^^^,!-
15
If the trees are sprayed thoroughly with a mixture of soap oolution and l^StS*^ tL" "^ "*i°'' "'L*' S\^«8" are observed, most of the yonng lice will be killed. The operation shoald be repeated in August, when the second brood of lice make their appearance.
17. AsPABAGtJB BKBTLES.-CriocenV Aaparagi and Crioeeris ^punctata.
Asparagus beetles.-Two ne r pests of the asparagns have arrived in Ontario *5« Niagara region during the past year. These are the common and the 12- spotted asparagus beetles.
The former is a steel-blue beetle, with white spots, and the latter is a reddish beetle with black spots.
The adult beetles appear about the first week o! May, and soon deposit eggs on the shoots. The grubs which hatch from the eggs in a week aie slug like, and resem- ble somewhat the grubs of the potato beetle, but are grey instead
near^t^o wLt fn°^th/l^^°'' ,, twelve Spotted Asparagus Beetle ((7.^«W, nearly two weeks on the tender ^i'/)uncfa<a); o, adult beetle; 6, full-grown larva. asparagus shoots, when they change into the pupa state. Ten days later the adult beetles emerge from the ground and begin to lay eggs for a second brood.
Semediea.—l. AH asparagus plants should be cut down in early sprine ao as to force the beetles to lay their eggs on the new shoots which are cut regularly every few days. In this way the eggs have not time to hatch.
2. Some shoots may be allowed to grow during the cutting reason to serve as traps and at intervals sprayed with Paris Green, or cut and burned before the grubs develop. ««'»*/» ^
In all cases the beds should be thoroughly sprayed with Paris Green ^ ounces to a barrel of water) at the close of the cutting season.
18. Thk Gbapb-Lbap Hopper ob Tnmp.—Erythroneura vUis. This small insect, about an eighth of an inch long, of a white color, marked by three dark bauds, is sometimes troublesome on grape vines. It feeds upon • ^J^*"^! ?' the plant, and is usually upon the underside of the leaf, where it 18 dimcult to reach m spraying.
/?flm«rfy.—l. Remove fallen foliage at the close of the season, so that the insects cannot find shelter during the winter.
2. Spray with kerosene emulsion diluted with ten parts water, or with whale oil soap solution, on the under side of the leaves in the cooler part of the
19. Rbd Spidbb. — Tetranychus telarius.
The red spider is a very small insect— a trufl mite— an** in "«!n° p'-'-es is very destructive. It sucks the juices of the plants attacked, and c4usm the color of the leaf to change from green to a grayish white. It flourishes in a dry atmosphere and lii sunny places ; shade and moisture are not favorable to ita development. , , .
16
plantf moht "^" ^^"^ "'^^ °'**' ""**'*' ^^ ^~P '^'^ •tmotphere about the 2. Spraying with kerosene emalaion ihoald alio be followed by good retulti. 20. Plant Lice.— A pkidai.
c^:'oIZ^:Vof.^{'^''' tr/.^'Jh'eVa^^el^siSJ'li ttettZS'iL* oraoki of the bark of the twigg and around the bada. When depoxited thev are a greenish color but pw gradually darker until they are a shinlS^bUck u« ♦ *7 *^°*' *"* **•* '?""« J"' *" **»« »'°'J" »~ swelling, and the tikv Uce S 2:;r^7' "P^" t^« t«df .«d «pon the underside S the younXv« I^th oZt 'n-ir'' ^i*""* «»»king it difficult to treat them. tU SiS sT^ta*^ ^ ^' "•'^ considerable damage to the foliage Ind young
i?«»Mrf^.— Spray with kerosene emulsion, whale-oil bosd solntinn a- tobacco decoction as soon as the lice hatch, being caref ir o t^Sch ?ver^one of them, as these substances kill only by contact. everyone of
21. The Clover Mite,— Bryobia pratenaia, Gorman.
.,nf ?°"°8 .^''^ '^jpte' tl^ew may be seen upon the branches, around the crotches, and sometimes covering the trunks of trees, massesTraTherlarce round, reddish eggs. These are the eggs of the clover Tue, and are v?rv numerous in some Ontario orchards this /ear. The mites hatch Ibout the month
ke^uij^sr^iSr^^s^jzr^
any of the remedies given for plant lice. n»oonea use
22. San .Tobb Scale, A special illustrated bulletin on the San Jose and other scale inse^it. ha«
INJURIOUS FUNGI.
The usual Ufehiatory of a parasitic fungus is, that it arises from a snore wboh ismioroscopio; this germinates and gives rise to threadlike strnoJS^I!
whSi ^kY?: ^""^ "«»;uotu«^« in time spores are produced, as new sourwi f™u. SLi StlkeT ""^ '^ '^^ °°'''*"' ^ ^* "J"™"" *^ *»»« vitaU^of °h"
The following are a.aong the most injurioiu fungi that affect the products of Uie Sjrfen and orchard. Th« can be readily oontrSed by the pwiTaroHca Uon of Bordeaux mixture, as directed : proper appiica
This on the fn the spots
This small pim stunted.
Attac at first, th mified" K fruit shoal the disease
This i patches, wi spots with burning.
This d
leaves of th somewhat | and check I
This m warm, dry a are covered spraying wit
This fu affecting the
This fuE it perfectly.
Rbmbov,
branch two o
the knot afte
tnre to prove;
2
re about the {ood reiulte.
tfl and tre«a. 'his tnali, is I aatumn in ted they are •lack.
le tiny lice >ang leaves, 7 moltiply and young
lolation or everyone of
uroand the ther large, are very the month assume an
one of the Mh, plum,
inter with ktohed use
iseuts has f yon are
0 a spore itruotures nourish- roes froid ity of the
17 1. Apfl. Spot or So.« ^Fu,icladium dendriticum. '
the spots where the s^^ a^^pru^i L'VrLrumVeJ;!'^ ^'^^''^^ ^^^ °' 2. Lbaf ^voT.-Entonvosporium maculatum.
-mall^illmp^ri^trcent« ' ^When^^'H '^^'''^«' *° '"^'^ '^^^''^ «?<>*» with stunted. "* ^^^"^ ^^ ''">* " *"»cked it cracks and appears
3. Bbown RoT.~.l/o«i7io /ructigma.
at fir^Xn%&ra'nT^^^^^^^^ becomes brownish
mified" and is often seen uZ fit V this condition it is termed "mum-
fruit should be gathered and bSmed as thTv '° ^''^ '°'^- ^" " '»°'«»'nified " the disease. '**^'*' *' '^^^ ''0'»*a>° spores that will perpetuate
4. Ai,raRAcsosE~Glai08porium venetum.
patchl*;';!Z;^'Trord:; and^ZV^' ""P*'^"'^^ *« -*" --d - oval
spots with darkSerS affected ca^^^^^^ k'^' ^'*^^-^ *" «""*" ^^"o''"!^
burning. *°^°'®** °»''«" ^^lo^ld be cut out and destroyed by
6.
Lbaf blight, or Sunburn -Sphcrdla fragan,..
^^--^^^iTZl"^:^^ 'he upper surface of the
somewhat grayih Stroy bv*^ n o-f "'^^"l ** ^"*' "^^"^ *»>« ««»^*r« becomes and check by Bordeaux spTayinJ. ^ * "^ P^**^"" *'^^ ^^^ *^'°P o*" Prevent
6. Powdery MiLDKw.-^;,A«r<,<Aeca mors «««..
warm^Xtl^Idlottl^^ on the gooseberry.. It thrives in a are covert with aTrayLh sTstlnTan^^^^^^ destructive. At first the berries spraying with BordLrLturewS^retei^^^^ * ^'"""•^ *'°'°''- ^^^^
7. ^orKTOBUQHT.—Phytophthora infestana.
affectTi^\i:T2rs"*"^' *^' P°'**°' ^^"^-^'^-"g with the leaves and finally
8. ^LKCK.KmT.-PlowHghtia morbosa. it peSlyT' ''*''" P'"-" *°^ •^h^"^ ''^-- The name black-not describe.
branc^h Woor t?,il?:che^1l7t^^^^^^^^^ '^^^ V ''''''' -•"^-'^ 'he the knot after the Te.^yrdron L th^^^^^^ P"':^ ^"^^ • thorough search for
tnre to prevent newTAmWoltg ^ffisl'eV "^'' ^°''^*" "^•'-
18
9. Mildew of thk Peach,
It is » foDKUB of the tipi of iboots and young leaves. Syringe with soap- •nda. Some mix lime water with the aoapflads and afterwaida dait with Bulphar. Oo(d praning and good growth are generally autiioient to prevent.
10. Yellows.
" Yellows " in peaches is a oontagions disease, fatal to aflected trees, and there is no known remedy bat to dig oat and bum root and branch.
11. Little Peaches.
a new disease of i'kach tbv.es.
A cew disease of the peach, known as " little peaches," has done a great deal of damage in Alichigan, and is reported from peach orchards on the Niagara River, in New York State, and some other points. The peach ceases to grow when it is about the siz9 of a plam. The tree gradually looses vitality and die*. Ik is considered contagious and quite as bad as the " yellows." Remedy : Dig out and barn as soon as discovered.
SOME BENEFICIAL INSECTS.
Some insects may be classed among the friends of the frait-grower and iarmer. They feed upon some of the injurious forms of insect life — chit fly in
^1 iM M M' ^
Fig. 1.
Fir. 2.
the larval stege— and in this way thf y help to lessen their ravages. Among these beneficial insects are :
CoLEOPTERA (Beetles).
Ladybirds— Convex, nearly hemispherical, generally red or yellow, and «potted. They feed upon small insects and the eggs of larger species, and are
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 8.
walaable for keeping plant lice in check, some of the varieties attacking the ADhids feeding upon the leaves of the apple trees. Among the moat beneficial are- Nine-si»tted Lady-bird (Fig. 1), Fifteen-spotted Lady-bird (Fig. 2), Ten
spotted L%d bird (Fig. represents t
Orouni hiding in th( They are val of injurious as the Calos( of their food or Fiery Hu: colored pits ( Searcher (Fi^ the body Is i
Fig. 12.
Murky are also benel
TiGBR B
the orchardisi
P^SflKWi
rith soap- li aulphnr.
treei, aod
le a great e Niagara I to grow and dies, edy : Dig
■ower and ohitfly in
Among
)lIow, and 18, and are
Fig. 8.
eking the
beneficial
I 2), Ten-
19
•pHted Lidy-bird (Fig. 3), Two-spotted Ladybird (Fig. 4), Convergent Lady- bird (Fig. 6), Oomely Ladybird (Fig. 6), Plain Ladybird (Fig 7) Fig. 8 represents the larval condition of the Nine-spotted L-idy bird.
KiK. 1>.
Pig. 11.
Fig. 10.
.... ^«00ND Beetles —These are found living on the surface of the ground hiding in the ground under stones or rubbish, or running through the grass! , , ^. "? valuable helpers to the orchardiat, as some of them feed upon the larvie k '^n*'"' ^**'^'''» ■°<'^ •■ '^8 pe»r midge, curculio, etc. Those beetles known as the (Mosoma are caterpillar hunter*, sometimes even climbing trees in search of their food. Two valuable epecies are C. caMum, or the Red spotted, Glowing or Fiery Hunter, which may be easily recognized by the rows of reddiih or copper colored pits on the wing covers (Fig. 9), and C. scrutator, or Beautiful Bodied Searcher (Fig. 10). The latter has green or violet wing covers, and the rest of the body is markec| with violet, blue, gold, green and copper.
Fig. 12.
Via. U.
Murky Gr'^UND BeRTMCR knnnrn aa lIr,».mf.U.., /Vi„ 1l\ __j d. f i^.^
are also benefi. » the agncultuv t. The former is of a pitchy black color. *i. ^'^"8 Bbbtlrb (Figs. 12 and 13) are more valuable to the farmer than to the orchardiat, and several species of these are quite common.
20
I'igs. 14 and 15). " >% I'/y nee
HvMBWoPTERA (Ii«g$, Wagp$, ete.) JcHNBCMON Flies -ThcBe are onr most common para»itei of iniurioaa Meet., chiefly among the batter (Hm and motba. The varfoa. uZielvlnmlch
ligs. 14 and 15). ihe most common are Thaleosa, with a very long tail. pari. a/ac on pigeon tremex. and Opfno7i, with yellow body, Vener. ally compres«ed. living on the polyphemua moth and yjllow- , ,. ..y^ necked caterpillar. '
.5-^.^ — JUpl*. Braconids.— Sometimes alio called Ichneumr- fliet Fl». 15. ffacrogaster lays egga in the bodies of sphinx larvie. The ,. , ,^ ^»'*^': develop there, and jast before the oaterpiUar perishes
they leave It and spin their white, oblong, silken cocoons on its back. The" egg-hke bodies should not be disturbed, as adult Microgastera will swn emerge
Aphidiua infests plant lice, but it is too small to be readily seen. (Fig.^6.7"*"''""* (Delicate Uce String) is parasitic on codling moth. etc.
th« oahil^^' K%?%^''^'S'\u^""-^'"'^' ""^ P»"«»*»°- 0°« "P^cies infests the cabbage butterfly, and others many troublesome larvje.
thp.lK.^'?*!.-^^''"''"?^*'?^ ".'^ *'* P^'*'^ •'"^"g "»« beneficUl insects, as they subsist chiefly upon injurious forps. '
Fig. 17.
DiPTEBA {FliAs—TuioiMng
Fig. la
i\
TACHiNiDS-The Tachina flies are larger than house flies. (Figs. 17 and i» ) As valuable as the Ichneumon for p:.rasitizing caterpillars, grasshoppers,
! injurioaa ▼arj moch form. See tail, para- dy, gener- nd yellow-
nr- fliei. rvie. The r periihcB k. Theec n emerge.
QOth, etc. ies infesta Imeoti, aa
f
21
!f«:«?^**' •" '^*n°° *^« "'f^C'o' caterpillar., and the l.rv«. bore indde. Out worm, are eapecially attacked by them. Many T.china fly larv« Zy upon
J«^ 'r!i ^'"'f " P"'" "P°° •P"''*- ^»-«"««A««. iith a long tilS abdomen, feed, upon clover midgea. * ••ponng
plant lice. (Fig. 19.) Some live under ground and live upon apple root-Iioe
Fig. 19.
FIk. 20. IIrmiptrra (Bugs).
Fig. ai.
Stink Bdgb or Spinbd Holdibr Bugs feed on larva- of the potato beetle.
HoLDiBR Bugs.— These are predacious on other insects. Head amall. eje* prominent, beak abort. Easily recognised. (Fig. 20.)
Nburoptira (Four- Winged). aphid5*'*(Pi''*2lV*°* ^""^ •«> often found feeding on currant worms and Dbaoon Fliks are also classed among the beneficial insects.
AN ACT FOR THE BETTER PREVENTION OF CERTAIN DISEASES AFFECTING FRUIT TREES.
Chap. 280, R.S.O. 1897.
1. This Act may be cited at The Yellows and Black Knot Act,
n„?;«n«{"i*il ^ »t ^"^u^ ^^.^""^V occupant of land, or if the land be Duty of unoccupied it shall be the duty of the owner : owners »nd
(1) To cut out and burn all black' knot found on plum or cherry S^"*"**' trees on his land so often each year as it appears on such trees ; and
(2) To cut down and burn any peach, nectarine or other trees on hi8 land infected with the disease known aa the yellows, and to destroy all the fruit of trees so infected.
- j^"'.,, '-*- -" ~"v ^'""txvj, ujujr, Mjwxi, lowDSQip, or moor- a., • ^
L?e^ A"' TV '^'^ "P?^ * P,**^*^°" °' ^f^««^ °' "^°'« «»«- o^^SX payers, aball by by-law, appoint at least one inspector to enforce the »"<' b«*'d of
provisions of this Act in the municipality, and fix the amount of in"g^S„.
22
Dntki ut
couoty
hiipeotor.
Inipf ctor to
proceed uiion
written oom-
plftint.
r«uiUR«r»Uon teo. or ohargn. be U to receive for the performance of Ik .hJJn' ' ^u , ^*"^ • ^•«"07 th*!' occur in tho office of intp«otor. 11 U the duty of the oouncll to rtU the Mme forthwith; and
the council (m any municipality where peaches are grown) .hall ilio W' by law appoint three or more perwna reaideiit in the municipality. r„n«.r^'L' cowtltute a board of fruit tree inapeotion, to which appeala shall lie from the order ot decision of the said inspector.
(2) The ooancil may pass a by-law dividing the municioa .ty Into aacb sections or divisions as may be necessary for t!-. ccryit ..t of ihiM Act, and may appoint inspectors for such divi^iuns whose duties and powers shall m all respects be the same as thai- of lb.- township inspector. »^
(3) Where an inspector is appointed by a county council, his «? h?.'i . ^i° "^ ^^^ •'T'*' inspectors in enforcing the proviiion. of this Act, and where no local inspector is appointed by a munici- pality the inipector appointed by the county council shall have all the powers cf a local inspector within such municipalitj.
ki \ ? 7*",'? oomDlaint be made to the inspector that yellows or black knot exists within the municipality, in any locality described «.'^?i";r^ •?*: ^^'i* reasonable certaintv, he shall proceed to examine the fruit trees in such locality, and If satisfied o2 the ores enw of either disease he shall immediately gi^e notice in writing to the owner or occupant of tbe land whereon the affected treea are growing, requiring him within ten days from the receipt of the Utr A "*'** *"*' ^"^ '^' *°*'"'*' provided by section 3
Inspector t3 Mcertain and report aa to exutenoe of digeasea.
Report to Minister of Agrioulture.
*k- 7^1^ I ^^?^f '^"^y °' ^^^T inspector appointed onder
this Act, by personal inspection to ascertain from time to time whether either of the diseases mentioned in this Act exists in the manic pa ity, and to report thereon at least once a year to the municipal council, and wherever he is satisfied of the presence of either diseaee he shall pr.red 'n the same manner as ik case of a complaint made under nt^, . t ' this Act.
^'^]^u°^?I **! *^® !'*''■'*' ^^^'^ <>' '*»« inspector shall be for- warded by the clerk of the municipality to the Minister of Aaricul- ture. ®
kS?d'!f*fruiii . ® -(I) An owner or occupant to whom notice regarding yellows
tree jnspec- *>«■ o«en given by the inspector, under section 6 of this Act mav
t -n. appeal therefrom, within the ten days limited therein, to the'boar'l
01 fruit tree inspection of the municipality.
Notice (..' appeal.
(2) The owner or occupant so appealing, shall, within the said ten days, give notice in writing to the inspector that he requires au ____ — _.or. ^.. „u^ otcCT, lu. xxayviii oi wnxcQ oompiams, is madu, by the board of the fruit tree inspection, and shall name the day and hour at which the examination will take place.
ts
fformMioe of of inspeotor, rthwith ; and ro) ahdl ilto munioipftlity, <D, to which up«^ctor.
cioh itj Into rryit^ xitoi whose datiet iho towDihip
council, his he proTi«ion« y A muaici- lall have all
it yellowi or ty described 1 proceed to cl the prea 1 writing to ted treei are oeipt of the by section 3
ointed ander [me to time dati in the year to the presence of in case of a
hall be for- of Agricul-
ling yellows s Act, may to the boar 1
the said ten requires au is made, by he day and
(3) The , erson app«,. 'ng .hall also within the a«td ten data give NotlcMo noUoe in writing to three ineinl,«*f8 of the «.aid board th^^i he rr .lairPi '?•"'»" ,
for the examination of the said fruit treea, and the date so fixed shall be not less than three daya after the service of notice on the infprctor and on the last member of the board ao ^er/ed,
(4) At the day and hoar named in the ..otioe of appeal, the Ex.n,i. M.« members notified shall attend and examine th. trees in qaitlon, a»d by Ca "" determine whether or not the notice aiven by the in8i)^otor to the
owner or occupant, under beotion ft of this Act, was rightly given, and the deoUion of the said board or of a majority of the members present shall be final.
(5) The decision of the board shall be in writing, signed by .he DeciriasW members agreeing thereto, and a duplicate i lereof shall be given to boardT^ the person appealing and to the inspeotor. aiH pending such decision
all proceedings against the owner or oocnp .nt appealing shall be stayed, and if the said board decides that th notice given by the inspector was wrongly given and wai unnecei^wry, no further pro- ceedings shall be taken thereon. ^ ^
(6) Each member of the said board shall be eaUtled to receive |Ji „ , . for every examinaUon made by him under this section, and the sam« ^'^'''^ *^'*'
1-! i ♦i.^'T i ^ ?® **/T .*"' occupant appealing if the board decides that the notice of the inspector was rightly given, or by the municipfthty if the board decides that such notice was wronaly riven and the amount of laid fcei shall be stated in th « written d<Sision of the board, and shall be a debt due to the board from the party so found liable, recoverable in any division court having jurisdiction.
7.-0) Any owner or occupant of land who, ai er notice given » „• by the inspeotor, as provided by section 4. sufi^ers acv black knot to '^''"•'"••• remain on plum or cherry trees, or keeps any peac h, nectarine or other trees infected with yellows or the fruit of tr. ^a ao infected ahall upon conviction, be liable to a fine of not less t an $6 and not more than 920 for every such offence.
(2) Any person who knowingly offers for sale or shipment, or sells or ships the fruit of trees infected with yellows, shall, upon convic- tion, be liable to a fine of not less than f 6 nor more than 820.
(3) Every inspector who, after receiving the written complaint n quired by section 4, of this Act, rtfuses or neglects to discharge the duties imposed on him by this Act, shall, upon ccaviction, be liable to a fine of not less than $10 nor more than 920.
8.— Every offence against the provisions of this Act shall be An,,,:^ ,-, „ i
onniiihpd. and tliA nAnaltv imnnHPd tor ntu^h nffnn^A akall U» .- j AppiicaTiion oi
and levied, on summary conviction, before any justice of the peace ; and one-half of every fine imposed shall be paid to the inspeotor or other person laying the information, and one-half to the treasurer of
24
the manioipality in which the offence is committed, for the age of the municipftlity.
Council to re- 9.— The council of every muninipalitv shall require its inspector torstoSorm " '"P®?**" ^ 'MtWoUy discharge aU their duties under this Act.
their duties. '
ACT FOR THE PROTEOTIOIf OF INSECTIVOROUS AND
OTHER BIRDS.
Chap. 289, R. S. O. 1897.
HER MAJESTY, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontario, enacts as follows : —
0. 287 not af- ^' Nothing in this Act contained shall be held to affect Ths On-
fected. tano Game Protection Act, or to apply to any imported cage birds or
0»Ke birds Other domesticated bird or birds generally known as cage birds or to
and poultry, any bird or birds generally known as poultry.
mayU*'kmed. . ?— iV ^'^<i«P'= *» in' section 6 of this Act provided, it shall not be lawful to shoot, destroy, wound, catch, net, snare, poison, drug or otherwue kill or injure, or to attempt to shoot, destroy, wound' catch, net, snare, poison, drug or otherwise kill or injure any wild native birds other than hawks, crows, blackbirds and English spar- rows, and the birds especially mentioned in The Ontario Game Pro- tection Act.
(2) Any person may, during the fruit season, for the purpose of protecting his fruit from the attacks of such birds, shoot or destroy on his own premises, the bird known as the robin without being liable to any penalty under this Act.
Sfing lorS , 3* Except as in section 6 of this Act provided, it shall not be den. lawful to take, capture, expose for sale or have in possession any
bird whatsoever, save the kinds hereinbefore or hereinafter excepted or to set wholly or in part any net, trap, spring, snare, cage, or other machine or engine, by which any bird whatsoever, save and except hawks, crows, blackbirds, and English sparrows, might be killed and captured ; and any net, trap, spring, snare, cage or other machine or engine, set either wholly or in part for the purpose of either cap- turing or killing any bird or birds save and except hawks, crows, blackbirds and English sparrows, may be destroyed by any person without such person incurring any liability therefor.
?/'i« n""lo ^" Save as in section 6 of this Act provided, it shall not be lawful be talen. 'o takj, injure, destroy, or have in possession any nest, young, or egg
of any kind whatsoever, except of hawks, crows, blackbirds, and
English sparrows.
5. Any and carry t, fisoated, an market clei confiscate, t
6 Thee Game Prot student of < cation and i schedule he in said sche or exchangi any time oi study, with(
7. The \n tinne in for< issued, and i for the time
8.-(l) I the offender than twenty tion or comp
(2)Thewl convicting ji collusion wi which case tl ordinary case
(3) In def be imprisonei than two and justice.
9. No con in the form t mens or othei injustice resu
AN AC
HER MAJ] Legislat follows : —
1 . No persi up an any land 3
25
r the ase of
its inspector er this Act.
aUS AND
sent of the », enacts as
ot Th9 On kge birds or birds or to
it shall not tison, druj(, oy, wound, 3 any wild iglish spar- Garm Pro-
purpose of or destroy, eing liable
all not be assion any ' excepted, B, or other ad except killed and ' machine iither cap- ks, crows, ny person
be lawful ng, or egg irds, and
andoat^fS! °i*^/e"«'0'^ ^'ew, any bird unlawfally possessed. Power to ^V^P T-f*T ^'^°? *''y J""'°« °' "^e P«»ce, to be by him con ««'f« H^'1* Si ' r^'t '' "i'^*' f? ^' "^«'*'«** ' ^'^'^ i* »»'*" be the duty of all ^o «" ed^ confiscate, and if alive, to liberate such birds.
6 The chief game warden for the tiaae being under The Ontario t> ■.
uSLtT'Xl t''' '""^?'^ '«°«^^^°8 ^'°"^^^y ornithologist or SSStS'Sy student of ornithology, or biologist, or student of biology, an appli- chiffg»^''^
cation and recommendation according to the forms A and B in the '^"•^?°,*».
in said schedule empowering the holder to coUect, and to purchase, or exchange all birds or eggs, otherwise protected by this Act at any time or season he may require the same for the purposes of study, without the liability to penalties imposed by this Act
7. The permits granted under the last preceding section shiU eon n, *• r
Zi'"' 'r' °"i? '^' '""i °^ *^« '=*^«'^^»' y«« ^ which they Te Si?" "' issued, and may be renewed at the option of the chief game wlrden for the time being under Th^ Ontario Game Protection Act
fi.?«ff^^] The violation of any provision of this Act shall subject p„„.u- the offender to the payment of not less than one dollar and not m^ore '"'*'''• than twenty dollars with coste, on summary conviction, on informa- tion or complaint before one or more justices of the peace.
.SJil^^ '^**°i? °u'''® ^°® '^*" ^ P**^ *° *^« prosecutor unless the ^ ,. . convicting justice has reason to believe that the prosecution is in ;S*fi*i«*'°" collusion with and for the purpose of b3nefittbg^he accused, n wdbary cases' """^ °''*^' *''' disposal of the fine m in
beS„rL^„*/rll IP*^"^"' °' **»« fi'^^ »°d costs, the offender shall f lf..?fw« !i ^**^® "^T"*^ '^""""^ 8»°1 'o-- » period of not less jis^ci """"^ '''^"'^ ^*y"' **= the discretion of the
9. No conviction under this Act shall be quashed for anv defoof n ■ .• mo^s'orTh**^'''"'' J '°'' "^-y omission or inLmaHty in ajy sum ?otTvS§for
' :i
AN ACT RESPECTING THE BARBERRY SHRCJB.
63 Vic, chap. 48. [sOlh April, 1900.
TTEE MAJESTY, by and with the advice and consent of the f^ow^- ' ^''""^^^ °' *^" ^'°^«« of Ontario, enacts as
1. No person shall plant the shrub known as the Barberry Shrnb Pianfi„„„» upon any lands used for farming purposes in the Province o7ontario: SS^ub o prohibited.
. ... :
Rev. Stat, c. 90.
26 nL7^V^-^*''** "'""^ within one hundred yards of any lands
rra'^ZS.1.'^ '^-^^-^ " P«>vidfd\yVt?lt
Kv"'"" „,L^''' P"""" *° *^" P*"^8 <>' *»»» Act any person ha. planted
f'^T 7 . J« J? S"""?* "^f*? or adjacent to lands owned Tocoupied by hUn
farm landa to and held and nsed for f Armin« nii»n/u»». - u j "^""v*"" "y "'m
be pulled up. b» fth^ .a.M .h^Tk I '*'^™"»8 purposes any hedge or fence formed
pality m which the lands are situated to remove and destrov th« same and upon his neglect or refusal so t« do within one moSh after the service of notice in writing regarding Inch removaTiSd and destruction, the council of the munici^lity may ca^ X J^^ to be removed and destroyed, and in such cases the omier orth« ^dB upon which the said shrub has been^anted S not t entitled to compensation for such removal and destructir
Oompenaation for destmo- tion.
3. In case, upon receipt of notice or within thirty days thereafter theo^r or occupant of the lands iipca which the sKrub is planted removes and destroys the same, he shall be entiS^ to com F««taon for such removal and destruction. The amouS of Zl
S?S -""i?"^ ^. '!r^ "P°° ^y «"«»» «^«r and the councfl of wrltS^^iv^ J' *' m default of agreement shaU be deterS b writing by the fence viewers of the municiDalitv and fchn ^r*.,!r.^ - agreed upon or awarded shall be paiHrthe ol'^er by ^^^^^^^ of the municipality out of the funds of the corporation.
Short title.
AN AOT FOR THE PREVENTION AND DESTRUCTION OF CERTAIN NOXIOUS INSECTS.
63 Vic. chap. 47. [sOth April, 1900.
TTER MAJESTY, by and with the advice and consent of the
1. This Act shall be known as Thi> Noxious InsecU Act.
preventioi other plan come into two succei
4. Evei by-law ad duties it s of this Ac the same t
5. Tn ci to comply the Inspec within ten amount of that this a able, shall and shall 1
6 Imm council foi to be deliv printed co; together w Inspector i
7. Any hinder or ] viction the be subject dollars, an the commo than twen<
Copy Governor.
Upon the Oomn Noxious I] for the pre
1. It I or if the la one week a hereiaailer Upon all b age within
F any lands he violation Breof before besides the The Ontario
lias planted ied by him moe formed the mnnici- destroy the one month smoval and le the same mer of the lall not be a.
thereafter, id shrab is led to com- int of such I ooanoil of Brmined in amoant so B treasurer
iUOTION
pril, 1900.
mt of the enacts as
force and h shall by ni may at any rega- )rce as to
iltare the as for the
27
prevention and destrnction of insects injurious to trees, shrubs and other plants as may be deemed advisable. Such regulations shall oome into effect and have the force of law after the publication in two successive issues of The Ontario Gazette.
4. Every municipal council adopting this Act shall in and by the Appointment by-law adopting the same appoint one or more inspectors whose °^ »"«i'«<'*°"- duties it shall be to inspect all orchards and to enforce the provisions
of this Act and the regulations made thereunder, and to report upon the same to the council.
5. Tn case the occupant or the owner of any lot neglects or refuses Municipality to comply with this Act or with any regulations made thereunder, may charge the Inspector may cause the necessary work to be done, and shall "wner with within ten days make a report in writing to the councU stating the ' amount of the cost thereof and the council may thereupon direct
that this amount or such part thereof as may appear to them equit- able, shall be entered upon the collector's roll against such owner and shall be collected in the same manner as other taxes.
6 Immediately upon the passing of a bylaw by any municipal Notice to be council for bringing this Act into force, the said council shall cause 8'^^" '° . to be delivered to the occupant or owner of every lot aff-ected, ^a^ZJ^^ printed copy of this Act and of the regulations made thereunder, together with a copy of the by-law and the name and address of the Inspector appointed to enforce the Act.
7. Any person interfering with the Inspector, or attempting to p„„,„„ «„, hinder or prevent him in the enforcing of this Act, shall, upon c^ti- vioUtioVof viction thereof, before any of Her Majesty's Justices of the Peace, Act. be subject to a fine of not less than one dollar nor more than twenty dollars, and in default of payment of the same to be imprisoned in the common j*il for the period of not less than ten days, nor more than twenty days.
Reoulations.
Copy of an Order in- Council approved by His Honour the Lieutenant^ Governor, the 24th day of May, A.D. 1900.
*u JP°^.*^® recommendation of the Honourable the Minister of Agriculture, the Oommittee of Council advise that pursuant to the provisions of "The Noxious Insects Act" (63 Victoria, cap. 47), the following regulations be made for the prevention and destruction of the •• Codling Moth."
1. It shall be the duty of every occupier of a lot within the municipality, or If the land be unoccupied, it shall be the duty of the owner of such lot, within one week after receiving notice as provided for in the Act. to nlace bands («m faeremailer described) upon the orchard trees located upon said 'lot as follows • Upon all bearing apple trees and pear trees, and upon all orchard trees of bearing age within forty feet of such bearing trees.
iJ, if
28
TnafJ;i^''®i'*u**n?*"^®,°'*'*^°^r^''''^*P"°' "sacking." orainr.lar suitable ?*i u { l^ «>»»" be not less than four inches in width and of three thickneeses. and Bhall be securely fastened at a convenient point between the crotch of the tree ana the ground.
3. The occupant or owner shall have these bands removed and inspected: all larvae therein destroyed, and the bands replaced at intervals of not more than two weeks during the months of June, July and August.
AN AOT FOR THE PgRTHER PROTEOnON OP BEES. Chap. 282, R S. 0. 1897.
SWrivTn^" « \J^° Fu""" j? spraying or sprinkling fruit trees, during the f^uirSIn period^ within which trees are in full bloom, shall use or cause to bloom pro. be Used any nixture containing Paris green or any other poisDnous hiblted. substance injurious to bees.
Penalties. (2) Any person contravening the provision i of this Act, shall, on
summary conviction thereof before a justice of the peace, be subject to a penalty of not less that $1 or more than $5, with or without costs of prosecution, and in case of a fine or a fine and costs being awarded, and of the same taot being upon conviction forthwith paid, the justice may commit the offender to the common gaol, there to be imprisoned for any term not exceeding thirty days unless the fine and costs are sooner pud.
i M
m
DO NOT SPRA.Y TREES WHEN IN FULL -BLOOM.
1. It is not the right time to spray.
2. It may destroy insects that are then fertilizing the blossoms.
3. It is destructive to bees.
4. It is forbidden by law.