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d'imagaa nicassaira. Las diagrammas suivants
illustrant la mAthoda.

32 X

1

2

3

4

5

6

.'•".ii*"

^/■r H:

A ''.S$»

w

0$^

->.¥/* .

I..-

REPORT

FISH-BREEDING OPERATIONS

IN THK

DOMINION OF CANADA

1890.

PHINTEb BY ORDER OF PARLIAMEXT.

OTTAWA:
PRINTED Bl BROWN CHAMBERLIN, PRINTER TO THE QUEEN'S MOST

EXCELLENT MAJESTY. ^^-^ « MUM

1891.

1,

(i

^

, S

T

4.

T

').

Si

().

Li

7.

Sii

8.

I'i

!).

Sii

10.

A]

11.

Ai

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

Re

INDEX

Fisii-niii:i:i)iNo inipoirr.

•SIPKBINTE.NDKNTS HEI-ORf .,V Flsn-I.HEKn>Na OPKHATIUNS. ISf.O.

I

(.'.

7.

8.

!».
10.
11.

1.
2.

M
• >,

4.
5.

6.

7.

8.

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

INTRODUCTORY,

(icncnil Siatement of fry put ..ii( in 18IH) '''^"I^

StattMnerU ottVy(lis(iil,u(e(l rn.moaeli lml("l,,.rv I

Total oy^rs collected in 1890 " "

Totals or fry |)u) out since (•..rnm.MiixMiu'iW o'nnilns'tr'v »

.Summary (.t tnihsaction at each liatchcrv '

Lobster J ratchii.^r—Selection of site ^tc " _ *'

Salmon Fisheries, with plans of nets, Hay .les Chalcurv.";;;" l!^^

lMsh.la.l<lers, on mill. lams and other harriers .T^ ''

Salmon and AVhitotish culture. successcH of '

Appen.lices with ^'i■shery Officers' J{eports'.*'..!!'.y/.y.'.''."". f~f!,

Annex— Correspondence on fish culture t.\'

7'!-S7

APPENDICES.

Report on Fraser JJiver Hatchery, H.C., l.y Thos Mow.t . .

-lo ^-dney ,lo X.S.. hy (J. A. Farquhar^on;;;;;; 4J

;'" -<-;• do N.S., hy A. B. Wil.m.t t

do J>""-fW ,,0 I'.F.I. (not operated) '

do St. John Kivcr do N.H., Charles McCh.skev.. Vi

do Miram.chi ,lo X.B., by Isaac Sheas.nven 5I

'o J.est>^.ouche do Que., by Alexander Mowat It

t :T '" Que., by Henry Davis y..;:.::;;;- ?'

do Tadoussac ,|o (^,e., l.y ,, x. Catellier I'l

;'- Jf"«o,^' do Que., by A. ir. Moore f

do Newcastle do Ont., by C. Wilmot 7,

<o feandwich do Ont., by Wm. Parlcer 't

^•o Ottawa do Ont.. by J.hilip Veal ." -' f.

Tho

with,
Nubje
lowii

1
sever
partii
grano

2

ot'yo
the tv
seasoi

the di

trougl

duri/ij

Hiiperi

4.

all kir

into t

cultun

young

mercis

5.

hatche

amoun

parent

and th(

these ii

6.
artificia
relatine
Bildoll
■establis!

niM»oi{'r

UK

Ml{. SAMUEL WII.MOT.

S.rrnnM,r( uf Fish Calture M the D„nun!o,. „r a>nn,l,.,

VU\i THK VK.AK 1N!h».

The Honourable

CirARLKS Jr. TllM'EIt,

Minister otWIarini- and Fi^hories,
Ottawa.

with'^htbii'^^p'StiS^iVcaia^^ 7"'"^"". '"' """• transaction, cnneetod
Hubject. relative aJJ-Eti 'Tero viS 'i'^^^ ''^J'''' IHOO. inclusive o, other

lowing matter, namely -L '""'^'"' ""'Jn»t«e(i. Ihe report will inclu.le the fol-

particular numbern, descrip oramrSits 2'"'' '" T-^''^'- ^^'"' '^W'^'^" *'"«

grand total of 90,213 000 v.uZ Hsh ,l -t Ji . i ^^' ""^"""""fe' "» the whole to a

, 2. Tabulated 'Htatement a"! at^. ivon nantH "•' -"^ ^[ '''^ ^^f •^'•'^ "' ^lanada.

of young fish and eyed eggn, whic Sedis ih^^ T"!''"^' the numberK and npecies

the twelve lish hatcLrios in uL several Piovin«f f°"li ""• !''"''''"'^ "'' «''«'' "'"
season. seveiai l lovinces of the Dominion during the past

the d'- Jre'ni'kiilf '^ efJrttt'^''''^ V," ^"'l'^''*^"'*' •>"»"'•''- "^e given of

yough«, and automate fnoubSsfea^roltTlrl'^'"^-'^^ '" '^' ''«^^'''!"^'

•during the past season of 18 0 an "unti^ in H "''''■'"' '" ^^e several Provinces

superior ki-Sn of fresh and sail' raCthf^ "f ctS" "' ''''''''''' '^^^ '' ''^

all klndf rhtl\^:;eTe'erbr,td'^S^^^^^^ the gross numbers of fry of

into the waters of Cana(ia Hincrtho ■• , in^ /• ''^'T'""' '"'*'^'^""' ''ateheries
culture as a government work in 8f8 3i " "^ th. science of artificial tish
young fieh of many species c^mDriso.l Almn? "'f. " fT'^ exhibit of 799,757,900
merml tish indigeLJs t^cCaZn wate'r '^ ^^ ^ "^ *^' ^'^^"' ^'^"'^^^ "*" «"'»•

hatcherfesTir?av:f,rif.^trSrn d"'"- *''?r'^^^'""'* "^ -«'' ^^ ^"e individual
amount of work performed a eThi^ir«T"^ *"'^ f""' ^'*'' describing briefly the
parent fish, the cSllectinrof .va a ' th« nV'"'' " ^'^^"."tP"* of fry, the capture of
and their wants, togethS Sh other rlmn^lf"/ condition of these establishments,
these institutions. remarks of a general character connected with

LOBSTER BBEEOrNO.

artifiLl YJ^odf i^CaSrdrir^L'oo^ • '"'''^''''' '' ''^^^^"^g '«^'«t«rs by the
relating to a prospeodSnin to The i 'r'?K^^^^ H^^^' P«"iculars are given
J)ildo Island, in Newfoull3^dnftTI^^^'^^^ lobster and cod hatchefy at
estflhli«hme"t on "T ". *'»n<l. »nd of the selection of a site for th.> . erection n^u • ;/;■
.. -_me..t on t„. .Northumberland Strait in Nova Scotia? Srsubjecr are

'"• .1.0 l..l.st..r, an.l ,..r .lu' p '^^^^^^^^^ .cku a.iun. ..... th. prot.^fi,"

•"•""""I l"'-.r |.a<.k...H .l.rn„J|.\ ,:'V i'^V'f i; "'••l'^'-'^ h'^U. lol..or (Uher:
"l^o Imi r.MUKi ..(hor I latlois n.l.iiin,. . ^ *^''' •*"'■''• '" ""■'*•' imiMTH will

<•'• ti.o i,.i.t... in Ne^iillLina ;ji';;;;j ;;; ;;;: i^;:;^:::^';;;;;:-'''"*^ ^'- -'"•-' ^-.1!;;;;

SAI.MiiV KIHirKUU.'S.

•• '^^^'^^^^^'^l:^^^^ '^ '"-"-<' in a ,no,„o-

Hn.nMv.cU; u,„l a .losoripli,,,, iH^.ivon^^lu in v,iw .''''>'"'* "rQ,u.|,o,. an.l N,nv
"« wln.;l, tl... noliors an-l .1... an.r|,.M s /m, I , vi 1 \ "";' "" "'." ''•■'""^'•^ V»^\iu.n.

«^"^""' '"-— • ''<'pi.-.i.:;. di th;::aii;;;;:Hl:;:S ;;^;;:;.,i;;;'' -'--•- '•• ""■

-•'-.S;;';^.fr';.^irin!!:'S^ '•; ...is .•ep....,, i,. .,,0,. i.

"'".■>> prac'ticully afprnvo,! tisl. 'v v wl. ' 1 II ' ,' •","'•" "'" '"^"^ ""•' l"'«««"t
•' lior arti.icial an.l nalural barriers^ov s i„ .w 1 f ' .,',""" J", """ ''"'"^ '"' ^hero
tlHMr natural hrcclin^. .n.un.lH J^v^S'Z^h'XS^ '', '"■ '"''*' >"'' ♦■'•^■•-''3- '"
"""• |.:-v..„t tin. a.sc'ont „t tl.oHo fish tiR.roln .^ , in . ' "'"' "''"'''' "'"^'^ ^^'''''-i"''''*
at...n .,f ii>|, life in many parts ot "he clammy, '"'' "'" ^^'"^"^^'"^ '"H extorniin-

^alnamint.. wators.,1- th.. Mirtnii,?! Vrv/.. •. ^ tho fry „t iho IJostiiroucho
'luein^ tho larger Rosti^a.d "m . i n ,^ ;.;\n ! " •'>;"' ^'' acelinrntisin^ an-f^nn!"
"snnmerclo«,.ripti.aM,?th.. sa I. .'''S.^V^^^^^^^^

An in-oroH.in. aec m is a s , iv , ;. '.f th snV/r"r;"V'"r ^^'"" ^''''^^'-f"!-

J{>ver, in th,. Unitocl States, with sa mon ,, whi, T '' ^'"'^'r"^''' "'' ♦''^' »»d««'>
ki.own t., inhal.it t„r the past century '"' '"'""'''" "'^^ •!»« "ot been

L«l<e^;ric'lHt;:;.;l;:Xr''" ^^^■'^'^ •"" •"""*'"« -^'«-""y bred whitefi^l. try in

in I .1 A Al'I'ENniCES.

ANNEX r.) THIS llEfOKT.

lint are fully

the propo;e.l'l;;p™ven!uIt'o^irrwhuJSsMlu;l,^ ;-orresnon.lenco relating to

nuHsioners ot the State of Ne rv k a 1 „ 7 1'^ '" ^"'^

Mai-Hhul Maedonald, Unite.1 StatL Co n mi s on' 'of I .^'' ^■'>^'^^>^V-ndonoo between

i". Morton, Vice-President of tho Uni e.? SW '^f ';'^h«'''e«. and Honourable Levi

Confess, for tho erection of a SsS^^

Station on Lake Ontario," wluch w ».<»; „ ,e^of Th? '"* .^^ '"^'^^■^h Hatching

the United States Commission of Fish and FisheW^f '"" ™P°'''«"^ "Nations ot

ByertV'cl!;;;';.;!i''hirin';hth t IfbM' ''T/r? '"' ^^---' by W. N.
attacks made upon it by others! '"''" "'■*'^^"*' ^'^' ^"Iture against the

culture, its present^conditiSi -3'i:s:;;t.^n^SS'c^S,/^LCS^^ '' '''

stations of 'i

i

'7.

1.-

ed whitotisli fry in

)i-tH of tlio several
><>niinioii, in which
ishnient are fully

ideiico relating to
ui io, l.y the Coni-
ondonco between
ilonoiirable Levi
ho United StateH'
itefish Hatching
ortant stations of

ytream, by W. N.
turo against the

'nburgh Scotsman
pi'ogroHs of fish
woi'id.

I

Hiii^ forth I ho groat
'H (or tho protocticn
*tru( (ion of |)orrii'd,
y thf loliNior lisher-
wIkto this valiiuMo
in (hoHo imiii'iN will
hoHititici:.! breeding

liscuMscd in a nionio-
I' particularly to tho
••I'Qufboc ami N(nv
'xisN ifgarding tlio
lit' relative poHitions
kith roferenco to the
Iv.

'•t'|'">''<. i" which is
c boMt and pioHent
ill dams, ,„■ whore
) pass up troely to
'boi'o those barrier's
lit rapid externiin-

iiirge of hatchories
i>t the Hestigoucho
uatisingand intro-
tter river produces
boon successful,
iiii,' of tho Hudson
e fish has not been

\

1.-(}ENKI{AL STATKMKNT OF TIIK OUTI'UT or KHV V\|. uF Tin.'

was m!;?K;;Si.:w:;i''"" '""'^ ''""• "'« '"""•'-- - <•-"» ^""-^ ^^^-o

Atlantic HiiliMon (Sitlmo Sutar) .,s(;i o(l<(

I'aeitie salmon. Sinkoyo (0„ror/njnni.s nerk,i)'.''^'.'.^^',. 'ii:\umi)

halni..n trout, (ireat f.;d<es ( Xii/warash) M T-'l'dOK

(rook truut. rivrs and streams {t'ontinalis) ;; ':i':,:,iHm

Whiletisli. I.ake |{ogion (Corei/oni) |-> '.•»-,()()(l

I ickorel, doro (Lurta/nrrha)!. ;.'.". ". ^^'im.tm)

^'**"' !t(».L'i:{.oo(»

ri>o particular lakes, rivers airi other waters in which Hi

e try were planted, wil

<»t the estal.lishmonis, m the appendiee> hereto atlach.MJ. "

Sci,EDu..E showing tho Number of i.'ryan.l Fyod-eggs Distribr.ted frun. iho Indivi-

dirnl llaieheries in ls|t(».

Hat

cliciy.

I'lV I'llt

Out.

K,Vi-<lcjf(;s
iX'Mt t(i iithi r
HatcliiiiiN.

'<

Ifriciviil fiiiiii

utlllT

I llati'lii'i'ii's.

|i>'4c riptlaii

H

!l

111

12

HlwiKivc.,.. |!.C (;.(;.1(),(HH»

•v. my ( H .N.s \.'.>Xijm

l.e(lf.ml, N.s I.IWr.tKM)

.•fro.iHro

'" lO.IHNt

lliilik KucT, 1>.K.1 X,,, ill

St. .I„|„i Kiv>.r, S.n »s-.',iM(ii

j '}" I.IHHI.IMHI

' '" IO,(K)0

.,■ . '.'" ., ,. 2,(KMI.(MK»

.Miritiiiiiln, N.15 1 ()•>•> (HXI

K.'stiK<ui(lu., (^ue :.;. -S^-MiiHm

J,;'^,!"'- '^''' SIHi.lHXl

l|i(l(mMM,«., (/„.' 1.7lK),(HNt

^'"^'f-'^"" \xm,im

N.'wcastlc, Ont 4,7(HMHHI

"■ L',7.")0,(t<Kt

SiUKlwicli. Out :t((,00(I;(KKl

'" l,i»r)i,(KH)

' " 7i>,o()o

"" 4,:)00,iio(>

'•''"•I" !M),213,0OO

i|"i'athp|i

Saliiieii, »i ;i.

I..

.la

•VHI.IMMI Salin.iii tioiit.
IVKM) S|Krklr,l tniiit.

2,im,im uiiit.tiMii.

.ilKI.IHN)
l,:ilHI,(KNI

i:i,iNNi

.;,U(KI,(HH»

*i,0tNt

"),."HKI,Ue(»

10.'p.(HHl'
l.\(HHl.(HHI

;

1

j

1

21

' ■

1

270,INHI

■.',IHHI,(MH)
2,IKK),(HMI

:i,m),im

17"),IHH)

l,.°i(HI,(NKI

7i"),(HN»

l>,<M)0,(HNI

Sllllllull, -IMI.

Saliiinii trmit.

S|Hiklril trilllt.

Wliifli.h,
Saliiitiii, scii.

do

• Io

do
Sii::, ..1. trout.
Wtiit.ti^li.

SrtllMOII tlollt.

Wliitcti-h.
S|icfl<li.d trout.
Wliii.Hsli.
I'i< kill), (|ori>.
Maliiioii, ii'a.
Salmon trout.
Speckled trout.
WliiteHnli.

•-•1,270,000 j

Dominion in 1890. The Maeoo- Sf TnKn p- '"'^'Y''!""' hatcherios throughout the
at the proper season of f^e^^t r ;,Si '^^dr l^ta ^f^

Newcastle and Sandwich nu JriesrnSntanV^ni in fhr'P''^'"?'"1 ^^«« '^'^^ '^^
St. John Elver Hatchery, from the RfisfilT,nK . ?■■ ,^ ^^^ of salmon ova for the

No.

Hiitclierv.

1 JFraner River..

2 I.Sydney

3 'H«If(,i(l ....

4 Diiiik Bivcr,

- I' UllUf.

. KritiHh C'olmiihia.
• ■ >i)Vii .Scotia . .

No. iif Ki

KK".

H|H.(.i(.H.

i Mirainicl.i N.'" ^Hrnn.swick -^"

7 H^oud. ...::;:.:::::. ;;^;. ;;;;;;;•■■•

(1 rn J ritt ' ' '

-miim Pacific sal.„„n.

t niniiingnt presfnt.

!* TarloiiNMac
1" /Mngug..

11 iX»'\voa»tl»-
I do

!. do

12 Sandwich,
d

13

d(i
do
do ..
Ontario. ,
do

do .
do . .

1,02(),()0(} ^„

l,«7il,(KMI ,i„

ll,12r>,(MX) ISaln.on trout,

■m,<M)0 I Brook trout
■■■■„• •■ !H'liitcfi.sli.

""""■" I do :;;:.■.■;•.■;.•,•..■.::•• '^-'^^'*^>^ \ i'^^^hLi d

Total KggM, ISixi I

lH<il3,0t)0

*Tlu

.•n.in;:/:;:u.:;^':!;iv;i;,-:i^;;^^;;" thwr .„p,.,ie« „f «cn.i.];;;;;,;;7;:;^7f^^

wtle and Sandwich

^•"^^VF^irc'i^i'AW^^^^ KINDS PUT OUT OF THE

THE INDUSTRY^^'p^ VilfE 5rEsTnT Spf l^D^S ™^ ORIGIN Sf

hateS; in'SlrS/^hf ^;:.e^^J frhaS"^ 1^%^^^" ^"^'^^^ ^- each
the year m which they v;ere each es a fshlH ?'. u-^ P''»^'ince where located
all species amounting to 795,757 700 ;!1'^''^"*''«'^ exhibiting a total number of fry of

I

I

c

1

c

71

to

e

M

CHERIES IN 1890.

of fish ova collected
rios throughout the
iheriesare supplied
;ted eggs from the
' salmon ova for the
Quebec. The total
90.

SfK-cicM.

i<- ■<aliiion.
itic sulnion.

do
■'Hilling' at iiresfiit.

itic salmon,
do
do
do

111 tl-oiit.

trout,
■fish.

■el, d

•lore.

castle and Sandwich

r OUT OF THE
E ORIGIN OF

liinds, from each

where located,

lumber of fry of

* -^

.2 «"

C

C!

S

«

*•

>

<s,

to

o

o

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m

.£

o

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o

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Ph

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1.

-FilASKR mVKR IIATCIIKRV, BRITlSir COLUMBIA.

<>,<i40,0()0. Thefwero plante.l tome l,o n? r^-' ''""""'""'l^' *" the whole to
British Columl.ia, whtM^ ix-u' ,, hlc mou 1 if t ^'^ -nportant klcos anri rivers of

accomplished. 'iiMiibution throughout wa,s .ati.thctory and safely

f.-e.hets set in swJlii,,^ the st^! ' Zr, 1:"^^^^!'"^ i*'!''' '" the season, wh

an
hen

u - •,.«....■..■.,:. null

iresliets set in sweliini; the Streams -iiKl Iwi.,,".;., i" ',;;"'.'"' '"<^ ><«-'ason, when

open the pens or reservoirs omdnni t e 1^ ai; r'", ''*^^"'^ ''\ "'i,'^'"'!^. '"'^^'^i"^
escape; the eonsecuience was on v '{ S n ( <m ^ "",?" ■'""' """winir them to

the quantity ohtai, ed in ^Sl^ ti;;£ ^^^ ^If,?'?'' ""\^''\"^' '''^""^ '"^^-t'^ird of
conditi,,n,ai;.l are .loin, well at tl'eT^^^^^^^^^^^ '" ^'"^ '^••'^^•'-'y in very fair

idS^c::;s;r^¥i;sESdo.^''u;i,'^r-'^'-^- '-*' -— 'pp-^ --^oo^'

itssl.nnM .w>. !.„„.•..„ ";^ "^i-n "^>'.ic, l)uti( i> suggested that furtlier improve-

WOI

ments should not he of an extensi-re ."..rr • " ^"--'^rtc.l that furtl.er" improve-
of a more comn.odious ami cm ve i^en t SJ^^^^^^^ '^7 "^-'^"^ contemplated erietion
the Harrison River, where to pamt v o?...'."! '"'V ^'''^'' 'T' '"'^''^"^'^ "P
season and kept alo.'igside in a ,, llv . "ue. "" '' '"'•,"""'' ^'''••"«'' *" ^''«

i^,^' purposes;' thus insurin 'i r^^ tv i. ' '•^•^ervoir until requircl for .spawn

ing ihe lloubt's ami unee Tn c-s wi'i if Is' H '"'';"' '"" ''^,^Y''' "'■^--«' ""^1 "^oid

ac

.comLE i!^^^. ■ U. •K^ with its small

the salmon canners an,! th'puwt^i ;^^ li^'^;!;^: S-j^«- ^'- ^'^T'^ -P-'* o'"
larger and "^ore commodioui estai;iishm;nf kt Mon"sVlV '^' ^'""^^'•»'^'^«» ^^ '^

2.-SVDNE V JIATCHERY, CAPE ERRTOX, PROVIXCE OF NOVA SCOTIA.

portant rivers and bro s i^ t .e severu^ co^ ntP! 'f' P°'"' ir'"'"^' ^•*" ^'^^ •"^•^•^' ™-
the lateness of the applieat on tb' n f.' • So , V T' .'^'■"^''"- *^" "^^^"nt of
there; this river will^eeen:;,!;:: ^^nsi^^r^^^^i^S ^""•'"' ""'" "^'•'' P'"

nett:i;"^.^:;'ty'^;;;L:?!:ilS;'--;S^'^5&-i^^^^ -ra, nvers were

sr-pietef^ ^- ^« "" ^pp-i.- :^-o:ni;-ii3 1 h^- :^.s; te

puttin^K^j;r^ii^:;, -'^-jsi j'l!^^^ '^ «rr' ^^•^^'^-'-^ ^^

requirement now will be pai tin.rwho t „ t vu "'"'■'' 'lecayed. The onl>
for the next ten years. P'""""«' '^''«" »''« establishment may be quite completi

whe,tf;fh;;?:<S;7*;S;^;;;;:;^|;-^ in the streams

gested that fry of the Ian I oTed snlmn?^ . 'i''?'"^'' '" l?***'* y^^''- ^^ '« ^^'■^-

II

^ THE HATCH-
iON OF 1890.

iUilBlA.

f tho Fraser River
g in the whole to
ak'os and rivers of
iit Imiid foi- Mafol\'
^factory and safely

iisiderably less than
' the season, when
ali kindB, Ijreakini^
allowing them to
about one-third of
'herv in very fair

cr

"PP'y i" good

t further iniprove-
teinplated erection
, some distance up
led earlier in the
eipiired Ibrj^pawn-
of eggs, and avoid-
L'ollocting eggs in
• expected that by
r attached, ample
iS.OOO.OOO of eggs

le, with its small
general report of
consti'uction of a

NOVA SCOTIA.

n 1890, 1,053,000.
■ of the more im-
i. On account of
n, none were put

I'eral rivers were
Penudes, and gave
3r8 and made the
would have been
crop of fiy may

I overhauling bv
ayed. The only
3 quite complete

I in tho streams
ears. It is sug-
'tain lakes near
ne fish in them.

3.-BEDF0RD IIATCUKRV, PRGVIXCK OK NOVA SCOTIA.

Unqualified success is reported to have taken place with the hat..hing an,l
distributing of try from this hatchery during ISOO. I'he difficulties experienmi in

mostsafisfaJ'tor" ^'^' '" ^^"'^ ''''''' ^''"'•^"'"«' »"'' ^''^ yiei^l proved

_ About 500,000 of the salmon trout eggs, and 2,000.000 .,f whitcfish ova were
! TfumL "*"''"' ''"^''''^"*''' ""'' l''"'"«*' '" the Bedfor.1 nursery iu' goo.l

,. J^^^ ^^7 ^P'" ^^'"''' .<'^'^'« ^^'^'■^' Pl«in'«l i" various lakes in several of the counties
of ^ova hcotia, amounting in the gross t,, about l',aT0,O00. h, addition to these
tresh water fishes, there were also put out from this hatchery itOO U(M» of the sea

^ '^almon, making a grand total distributed of :{8.-)0 000 frv

^ f... ^If •;ii'>'^;''i''p:fl"tc'"^''i^'^^ l';iv« been established in 'the m,.re <listant counties

; ro n the head establishment at Bedford, where they have proved ,u be most sa.is-
factory for helping m thegencral work of fish culture in Xova Scotia. Semi-hatched

• eggs are trans erred to these small provisory hatcheries from the larger one, at cer-
tain times and there hatched ; whereas fry could not bo sent to these localities bv
rcason of their remoteness and the impossibility of caiTving fry to them at th'e
seas..,, in which the young fish require to be put out. These Subsidiary hu(el,e,ies
ti!^in■^^.';'«,•'"'^'''■'■' ■"'[''''.'' contemplati..,, to luiiM othcs in other coun-
ties in Vna Scotia, whe.r the benehts from ailificial fish culture a,r a,. xiouMys..u^ht
trV st'f^'T "/:',!' whilst the benefits already realiz.vl fVon, fish cultuie Tire
Jl ^^ti-'factory, yet the work has been carried out on too limited a scale to -ive
such general effect to artifi.-ial cultuie as the exigency demands '

Ihe usual success did not attend the collection of e-gs the" past season, diflicul-
tiesnf varr..us kinds inte,fe,-ed in the capture of the ,.equisite numbc^ ,f pare. 't
the'irn..! nl?'^' .'•«^hot'' curried the fish b.lyond reach in tj.e Musqnodoboit \S"lr-
to wh ' I ^ '1 ''^P.^"^'"''^ <"i' procuring eggs. Wallace River was then lesorted

tbn A w I'f ■ ,'i!"'"" ''"'T "'V*^'' "'"' i>"P"-'Kied, awaiting the spaw.dnu-
,.„",: 7 ot.vandahs,!! was done by ce.;tain of the inhabitants, bv which the

.Mr^l^?'"^T'""^' "'■*''"'?"'] *" was dest,'oyed, and the niother fish kilie.l and

frnlT\ 7''^'' P?- "■'"""".? Z^'"' '"'■ °*' '"^-^ 1""'^'"^ ^'^' ''^'''•■" ^^if' «'>m« •'iOO.OOO ripe

.. K. ,f ^'^ TT^ "i ""' '1 ■*'"'" miscreants has lowered the usual suppiv of ova fhr

o,?iir. ^^''''%'y »'•'« •^^•"f n. These poachei's ,emain as vet' undiscovered

lomthe above misfoi-tuncs only 400,000 eggs weie !ai,l down, barely ono-fiftl, of

he previous year's supply. Timely p.^epai.itions were ,uadc bv wliid, a la gely

mcreased supp y of water was bi^ought into the hatchorv. anticii.atorv of e, lar 'ed

tTo'n'of X n'J,:"^Vf k'-"'- 7':'"!' ^V"- ""' '""^ ''^" '•^•'"'^-' '■-"^ ''- wa'nton de.st,;;c.
,nnK 5 ' ^^ 'T '■^'^''"'■. \^ '" P-'opo^'cd to supplement this season's reduced

fmm he \W*"\,''»^''.^J transfe,w.ng ,iumbers of salmon-trout a,id whitefish eggs
fiom the ^ewcastle and Sandwich Hatcheries in Ontario to BedfonI

..nd .tT,! ',?'"'■■ '■•'P'*"'' I'"'' required in the way o,' mending a,.d painting th.- I'oot;
dwel loSt'nffh" ^Tl'r'] "' '^' *"""'l"tion dividing the hatchery "from the
oweiiing part of the establishment.

4.-DUNK RIVER HATCHERY, PROVINCE OF PRIXCE EDWARD ISLAND,
bv Jlo'h '^?^''''7^^; ''-»« n;'t been running since ISSS. A,'.-angements a,'o being made
tl^ltiti'oVSS!"'"""^ ^"" '' '''' '" '''''''• '"^- "^'^ -'^"-' P-l-es for

5.-ST. JOHN RIVER HATCHERY, PROVINCE OF NEW BRUNSWICK.

Newe)!iHe'nn?l't,7H^'"'- k""" '"P!''"'.^ V^' semi-hatched eggs from the Restigouche,
mA\ castle and Sandwich nu,'8eries for the past three yeais. The eir-'s of the '• sal
mo salar are obtained from tlie Ce.tigo.iche B'Mvho.y and e--'T{ ! e s^lrnt -
trout and whitefish are supplied fr ,n, the=two latter hatcheries Iro.'taria Prql

12

i

ll(i

ing time, when the o-s will bo iSthoiorri '""^'°"'«"VT'"''""'' ""*'' ^^e Hpawn-
hatchin^. By this means fi//.nnf i > '''"V,^y^^ to the St. John n.u-se.y for

witI,out^,.es,Lsi,?g^r\ e strkTEoir /l^^^ .r'^P"*^-^ "^ 7« ^'" ^'« ^^^tJinea
partHof the .Dominion. VLt 4 SooS of eL ^ ''' ".wT' ^''^'''"^'•i«« i" other
u.i.l whitefish were transferred in thifw-.rtf^tf^'^f^V'''! /"''"""' «"'^^ "•'>»*.
These were duly hatcherard^htS.tri\s hero^nS*^''?'.. ''"•''"''''•^ ^^'^'''^ ^^^O.'

X:'T;:^l^r =tt J'6IS^

of 'V ;^:*;^:;!ri;^r^^p;i;^,s't?m't^^'''r^r ^«"^'^"^' ^'"^^^^^ m some

waters, too, wineh thesV.irwefe not fnr^ I i "'^''•"'^' '" ^"'■"^«'" -V^''^'" »"^> i"
which are to hand frorsevlr^lla^: JS^an'nZrlnei"''"''^' ""'^'^^'^'^

6 -MllUMICHI ][ATCHEKV, PROVINCE OF XEW BRUNSWICK

than Mr2"o";5 of Se youilrLrth: Ah"^-"'^,"'^'^'^ '■'•<^'" ^he faet of no less

into the pnncii' i t fhSiJe of t folf rmlfn "'r" ^""^^ ^^^" ^"''"^^ "»<^ f'^'" it
some of the fi-y of the ^^1!!''' ^Z^''/'- ^''® experiment of planting
results in th^^cap u e of tiufi flsh^.r llTf ''"^r^ ^"^ ^'~'"^'" '^"^''^ ^atiLcto^^
was renewed during the pa lar bv a /urt irT.'in ^"\ ^T'"''*"^ ^'^^ P'«"*i"g«
fry to the waters o? the IrtlJ-West ^r^^lehi RiTef '" "' "'^°"' '"'"'' R-^^^'^-^^'he

,-tSt;:;i:;^7fr^;l ;i;: S-r^^' wr t3'i^;-??^«:^«- ^-^-^ ^-^^

extreme freshets which preva led iLf 1T«1 ^^'J P'^ntiful in the river, yet the
the necessary stock of sCon to « thH: cCl'S ft' ^'^''^ ^' ''^'^'"'^
f.^P,-J' ^^"« «"'y possible to „3t Wr'Zhor.^^^^^^^ •3V'?»tit7 of

It was only poseib e o net 95 Hsh 'o7Sh 1?, ' ««'^»/tomed quant
9 eggs. Tlfis\iumbcr was muth ti;."' :^^t LI '"''' '^^'""'«^' ^^^ich

gave

810.000 eggs. This^iumbcr";a;m;7h^TlowtUtof/889 " '

heavy rutClXshetrrr.kin'Xr'"''"'!^ of capturing parent salmon during the
and impound them t 11 i^SJed fn'^lil e'n^r"' '" '"*''' '^'"^ *''«"> ^^e ea.lier^uns
where Ihe system has \^^:k:a oll^lJ^Z :^^'Z£:^^^^ '"^'^'^''^^

condition for many yea^s tSTome '^ ' ''"' '"^^.tution in proper working

reliawKu'rifoJilLTbeuTutrci'LtS^^tT^ '''''''''''''' ^-" the most
out of young salmon fZ^^:t^^ZS^;^^'^''^'^' ^^^ ^"^ ?""'"«■

7.-.RESTIG0UCHE HATCHKRY, PROVINCE OF QUEBEC

prevS: ;T the'^^i/TelSM'so^lS^'^^^^^^^ — s of any

Main Restigouche River, anHlso n" manv of U./r^'T^- ^^^'''%'^ J^^S^b' in the
elsewhere as follows:— ^ ^ '^' tributaries, and in other rivere

and M?4S!^t\.Sui; ISt'^t'tist'S^e^^ /'"'l^f ' ^'P-'l-^ ^I'^^^'^

ferred to the St. Joh^R her Hatcherv S) oLT '"^^^

grand total of 2;8a9,000 saLoffry ^nu .H f "'"''"^"^^^^^ '^''' making a

Hatchery in 189o! ' •'^'^ ^»^'* P"* out of the Restigouche

1889^tS byThfti^fa^rS 'u' '''' ""« ^^ '^^'^ ^hat of

theprevalence of an^xtraorSr^ h 1^^^^^^ ^u'''^'^ P^^'"'^ "P "^•«'- during

wor£ingofthenetsintheHve, Sl?<r« r^''^' '''^'''^' Prevented the setting ov
.vhich lave l,800,Oo;;^tlVfl\" v?;lj;ff*^4t.t:;d"ril8T'' '''''''"" -relemfle.

13

the St. John Harbour
voir, until the spawn-
8t. John niu'seiy for
■ ova will be obtained
I hatcheries in other
salmon, salmon trout,
atchery during 1890.
in many of the lakes
'formed most success-
led on the hatchery
'st-c'lass condition for

nd whitetish in some
former years and in
habit. Evidenceso

BRUNSWICK.

Jm the fact of no less
n turned out fi'om it
)eriment of planting
n such satisfactory
')us years' plantings,
i 40,000 Eestigouche

ggs here during the
in the river, yet the
ibility of capturing
stomed quantity of
emalos, which gave

t salmon during the
•on) the earlier runs
he other hatcheries
ion.
made to the build-
in proper working

tea from the most
3d from the putting

QUEBEC.

.V in excess of any
ted largely in the
nd in other rivei-s

Nipisiquit, Middle
I'e were also trans-
», thus making a
f the Eestigouche

far below that of
I up river during
ed the setting or
hese were females,

; The Departmental iiet hitherto set at the Mission Point Station has n(,t done as

up the river to Pitts Creek nearer to the reservoir, where a trial was madi- late in
the season with a certain amount of success. wi.s mam laic in

The several nets in use will require repairing, and a new net will -ilso ho n.
quired for next season. .The reservoir will require s\reng"lSnrwilh new Lbor^^^
cross-t.es, stakes, and wire netting, at a probable cost of'3200; ctta n Xr "pS
will also be required to the hatchery, such as painting the roof pi erin- the

;bour82oT'Ti:?'':'r"' ''"T^''- "'"■" ^'•^t'-'buting cans'and other 'nlattes casting
about 8200. The estuary an.l coast salmon fisheries were not quite md to tht
average, by reason of the unprecedented freshets from the rive? whic c rr ' 1
away and otherwise damaged these nets. Fly fishing, however, . ,.' rhor afVer h
: subsidence oftne floods was never known tol,o better The poo J and rive, .'en
, erally were unusually full of fish. From the improvenuM.t of\.ngIi 1 t ^e ,S:
of hite years property has risen to alm(,st falmlous prices, cause.1 bv he , eva ni
opinion of those wel acquainted with the subject, f/om the protect L'venhf

ivr^xs^he^i^iS:;-' ''-" '"^ ''-'^ ''-^' --^^^^ p--'-^ ^^ ^-^ -y

8.-GASPE HATCHERY, PROVrNCK OK QUKBEC.

making a total of 1,020 000 ^vner latci in the fall,

Net fishing and angling are reported to have been satisfactorv There ^vo,■o -,
large number of nets set in the tidal waters, and they had a successful veai Thev

9.-TAD0USSAC HATCHERY, PROVI>XE OF QUEBEC

27th"°d'^rtr<rMjl"SM'i;L°''' "''"'y- *•«'•" «"!' were caught on th«

tern.™C J lit S' Z ^'eTL-p^^te I^lXZlZ'Z^lZ
his numbei- murKf lio,.Q K„«„ « — 1.-J-..U1 1 . ""°Y .""r'"""

mnt us " 7"\Tt'wl^lT^ '! i'""""''. ""Pi-^cedented- Som^e days'the catch
luu Lims. u, »i, yd, 102, the highest heme 111 Of the QRO oa-ntnr^ -. u. -jo-

1-pt lor hatching purposes; L remaining fisfw^tLt^rKtyw^itSt^r

any

•«•>

14

i 'H

^.;^cd sal.non, about 25'i,K.l.es Ion./ vero ten ''*'''• ■ ?"'-'-' ''^•'"'"'^ "^■«'»"H

>ovoniber came int.. the rose rv oT, -u t o I f ' ' '^''^"'' ""» "f t'"'^^" "■> the 18th
paront salmon n-hid. ha,l no .^ l^ft t to on Tr'- ' "">'' '"''.^'' ^^''"' ^'""'^ "♦' ^h'
nio.st HatiKtactoiy. • ^"' '"'"*'• ' '"' '■vicionco tVon, all quartons was

Ivvti'rwivii I'lii^ii.'K. .>

tiiaii IS theoaso at the present

10.-MAGO(f IIATCIIKRY. PROYINGK OF QUEBFO

wieh^;:K|;3il->;|;|:-l -'^l^^^^a-^^^ ,ho Xewoa.;. and Sand-

some ;],!)00.000 try of tlio whi c-tislV n.l .,h '""' "''*'' ^''""'"e.! in this way

tbo .Ma,i,.o,i. Hatchery into the !• ife, in . r'''^ V ''='^'^'"^'' "'"^ P«> out ?,f'

.•m.l 8herbr«oi<e. ^ ^'"' '" "'*^ <-o"nt,os of Megantie, Stanstoild Bromo

r^''^^^^^^^^'^^^^^^^^^^^ ''-^ ^" '" ^""- ^'- an

lie salmon trout is slower on aecoi nt of th« ^ • "PP'^'^nt. The increase in

largo areas which the prei n t o „Sci ml'mbo^^^^ '"^"^ ^'"- ^'""'''^'^^ «» i" the

-me sma., repairs and iome additio.i;;r;:p;r;;:'^ny'bf i:^;-;! S.:'s:?-

11.-XEWCASTLE IIATCJIEIJY, PROYIXCE OF ONTABIO

quite s;:cc::^;;d:i!;^|7r2a.;"^^'"T/"" "''*^^'"' «^'> -"^- - Canada was
to the Lower Provincf nu •«£ "^^o OUo'semT h:!';'"?'*^''^"^*^ l!'-'^'" ^^^'^ l'«'^'>« 7

8poci<led trout and whitcrish species Kevo^-e^^^^ '^"' ■ "'" ''^'"•«" t'-^"t

rivers and streams in Ontario 7 sTi 000 fVv of/, "''^"^'^''-'buted in numerous lakes

whitotlsh, maldug a grand to?al of i;{^22l oyLv m^ ''"'''' ""^''^'^'^ trout and

oust e establishmentr all of which are renorfod ""V'^''^''^'^'' L'""^ ""'' "^ tl^« -^^^v-
cond.tio,!. The several waters i wh chTlev are \ITJ ''''" ^'^^^'buted in good
in the Newcastle report in the appeiidix ^ ^ '^ ""''^ particularly descHbed

a ^e^7i[ZfV:Z;r^ efficient for work for

years have passed since it was first ^^fe' '^E ^^^^ J^T '1:^ ^/^JT n^

16

1 an average of about
ova luiil down in the
oveniber.

•tiict is trni3-pl)enom-
tho increase has been
»; ill 1800, (;i,000 lbs.
'(<, aa the tiHhermen
■ fiiinlc, an increase in
i«orthe St. Margaret
'ler of salm(»n seen in
liroiigh a single pool,
iccoiints of (lie gi'eat
ipxhaw, at the upper
arge schooiw of small
>wn liie Sag<icnay, in
1 of these on the 18th
:e<i with some of the
'•oni all quarters was

lilupidaled hatchery
in throughout in the
I up from tlie refuse
nil!.

1^' the hatchery is
'ly, '(> dispense with
1 put u|) a new one
lie conveniences are
re the results would
ease at the present

EliEC.

ewcaetle and Sand-
•tained in this way,
Jhed aiu] put out of
', Stansteud, Bromo

go hi show that an
• The increase in
,' cari'ied on in the
« have to oversee,
d for the hatchery.'

^TARIO.

ire in Canada was
rom this Jiatchery
' the salmon trout,
in nun)erous lakes,
peckled trout and
lit out of tho New-
istributed in good
iicularly described

ient for work for
lainting, as many
u in ilie coming

spring to proycnt further outside wear by the weather. The s.-verai nonds con
nee ed with the hatchery, and the dams. 'race-ways and other apid . ces • I ,'
ductmg the water supply to the buildings, are in ^afe coiwulllul "''J^'"'"'^^ *'" '"'"-
The work ot collecting sup|,lies of „va at Wiartor. for Newcastle as well as tho
hatchenes in the Lower Provinces, resulte.1 most successful ly; some' ilMcu tv wal
experienced in procurn^r assistance for setting the pound.n,.ts. as few exper at this
class o work are to be found. It is expected that one of the re-ular Tmn ovees o?
the^hatchery trom the experience gained will be able to perform this wS Another

The .luantityofova collected at \Viart<.n the past season was very bu-o an.l
was natisfactonly obtained ; upwards of 1 1,(M»0,0(,(. were collect, biuiontl.e ]s1
. and 2, rd .November; all of them were safely- transported by rail vav m er I e in
mediate charge ot an expert, and deposite.l in the h/.tching troughs It e Ne v ".' e
.stablishment, where it is reported they are pro-ressin..^ verv fWeom , , ti r

Iu'ie;^::;!;:^^ '"''' " ^'""■^•'" ''^ '-^ ♦>"^" -^-'^^ - m ,; c;^^n.ol';^.::;s

The usual quantities of eyed eggs will be transferrc.l from Newcastle to tb«
butcheries of the Mantimo Provinces at the proper time for their safe tmn:;,.';;. '

12.-.S.\ND\VICn HATCIIKRV, PKoVINfE OF O.VTM'Jo

we,-., a .„ I „„u.d i,, „,.ll ,„l,,|,„,l „■„,.,, r,„. ,lK.i, „ -r ir ,1 T c , ,f\ i'li':?

'jfZ "' '""y be obtaned during their spawning time in tl e s i of the 4' q^^^^
iinproveitients mc ude the "cner-il ovn.l...iilin,7,^( .1 i '',!'""»'" '"p 3 «ai. llie

the whitefish fisheries on he irtfoit Pk > 1^ • Department taking full control of
of November a d enfiiKinLr the e 1 i" ''"^' ^"^ n ^'?**' '^«"«°" " "^ ^he month

own officers, wth4"necesl^^^ °^^ P'"^"* ««•>. '^y its

porform the wor: ^ P'^nt of note, and other material requisite to fully

16

Iloirin^' which wore a short time njro very uhumlunt in the Dotmir wof^...
13.-0TTAWA HATOIIRRV, PHOVINCK OF ONTARIO

Ottawa and the inhubitants of the eurrt. undintr districts who .,.,1 nr./ ifuK ?

Salmon hy, sea salmon iionnn

Salmon trout fry i n-T'nnn

Speckled trout tVy ! ^WJ^

'''*^^"' J,733,000

valley'"'" '"'"'" ^''*"^^^«'* '" ^^^'^^al lakes and streams in the cou";ui^^e Ottawa

17

e Detroit waters, are
uggeMts the i)ropriety
i posMiltle thin declin-
"tfio stiiryoon liHliory
titutod by which thin
saniiK'o.s would seem

NTARIO.

vas only practically-
ig of several millions

nt with the view of
tiny fish iiy artificial
vu, the feasibility of
other waters, with
need from their own

become an acknow-

for the citizens of
o had not hitherto
ical working of jm

is fully shown by
rsons are recorded

been in operation.
9 of lish eggs in the

The ova procured
nding counties, and
e lakes and streams
< requests of public

e than at the other
exhibition building
aon, trout, speckled
le latest, and most
glass sides in this
ds and sizes. Thus
m of the fry inside
laria up to certain

iir of its operations

112,000

1,051,000

70,000

4,500.000

5,733,000

ties in the Ottawa

to be made in this
nplete representa-

i-ious kinds of fish
;o fully stock the

6.— Lon.sTi:i{.s.

Special report hij Afr. mimot.

I.<«»ST£RS .VND TIIEIH AHT.HCIAL PROPACiAT.OV

iand;^rr.S"t.;':;;tff ;^„s:, i:^..^Klr. ""T"^ ""; '^^-^ ^^ ^«-'^->-

ing on artificial lobster ha cK i/ i,v t C P.^ J^^^^^^^^^ methods of carry-

direct management of Adolne NSlsen 1^^ o^ZtlTT "^ ^^"^^"•"t'-y. under tl?e
There will also be founrherelvTth narH^,'?h 'V' '^"''''' '^"'"'"^''•'•V o»' Norway,

selection of a site for tL ereSn f 2 , k ' '"'"'"'fe' ^" """""^'' '"PO'-t "n the
l"l.ste..s in Canada. ^ "" ^-^'-^I'Hhn.ent tor the artificial brecling of

M.b,>^^l;;;d''t :ul';;ne^;:,drt;;:ir^ '\^'z '"r^'""-» ^^-^^ ^'- views

the harbour of Pictou, i^ Nova .Sco a h?v?,f f "" "'" ^.^'-'humberland Strait, near

all necessa^ preparatio"; .u-e tw Lh g'S irio^^n^Tinon't^h^'^^ Government,

In-ceding next season, during the months of^TunoIukn.'^r -^ ^'''"u^ ""^ ^"^^^''''

.may be found most mivanta^fcous to oa^y on{ ^mlvC^ '"'"^ ""' P^^'"^« ««

h^ ti:^^£S;^^S:'iCj!iS;;?^^^^^^^ ■- ^^^ the erection

|tho requisite machinery. The breedim TZ T^'-'^'l "•' '""" "** ^''*' P""^'"? ''^ "»"
lunless from some unforeseen causes the^vloFo?hl'', ^""^ '^f,"^''^^'^' '''' "'««- ''"'»
J^ictual work by the middle of May next ^'^tahhshment w.ll be in readiness for

and canning companies a descXh n of flo tin • ' TT'^'^ /^*^' ^""^'''^ fishermen
Newfoundland during thrpast^sZon ^vthfl '"""'^f ^'•' ^^Lich has been used in
Jfloating incubator is s1mpfvrndch"Xml5ounlT' f'^'^^'^'^'y re«"ltH. This
iMr. Neilsen it can be readily worke in aTmos[ nv- sK '^^{T''"''. t'" "^' '^ ^y
Icoast by any ordinary intelligent fis Jmai o • .^Ll ^'""^ ^f^ "' '"'^'^ "'-^"g ^''e
of aiding either in a private or nubltw' in *k ,?•''"'"" '^''" ""*3' *eel desirous
iNoilsen, at my reque. t, s about sSiLon^o.^ the cultivation of the lobster. Mv.
fvhich a number may' be constructed^'whh ! • ^^'? ■"<r"bato.s as a samj,le, from
. amongst such fishermli and c^^fnner 1 mlv L T" '" ^'^t^i^^^tin^' some of'them
i resuscitating the lobster industry whirft-on. ''"^PT^*" ""^''^ *^"™' °^ ^^ '"^ i«
1 rapid strides towards deplettT ^In Ih^e^^-ts wlTuis'^f ' Y "T '"'*'^'"- '^"^^^
1 ;o the lobster family which mav beonlJ.ul.t V ■ ° ^*"""' "'"^*^'' 'bating

Amount of destruction going ^ |,yt£™son 'LT'""T "^^^^«^i"g the vast
I mmature, undersized aiS bm-S iLleJs.^ ' '"''"'P'''^ '" ♦'^" '^'">"g «f

DILDO ISLAND FISH HATCHERY, -NEWFOUNDLAND.

t-^^'^^^'^^^tt^^^^^ \o Newfoundland, with the

^dustry has been carried on fndefhe Dai. o-l 'T'''"^ ""^ ''''"^*^'^' ""^^'^ this
fhat colony by Mr. Adolph Neilsen an e^xnert ?n th« n'"PP°"."^^'L'' ^^"^'^'•"'"^"t of
fhose practical application to tte subjeSn No™ hr'' f '^'.'^'fi^ial fish culture,
fi tod and lobster propagation '' ^or«^'»y had made him prominent there

|Nl^LTia.S7t!etr^^^^^^^^^ --'" ^'^'^ --^--' bays
huscitating these fisheries by "ritXlftl^e It S 'TuV^^ '^' ''"^'^ ^f

fbich, It appears, had been in^ct/sed vvWh mn^^ '*'• '"^t^ods of propagation,

[reeding of tobsteVs also h. "/been caiedo.rw?tV ? ^^"''^''•^' «"^ '^^^^'^ the

>as that the services of Mr. Neilsen were oh *?n^? ' ""^^ ^^"ce it

(reeding into the waters of NewfoundlS introduce cod and lobster
■ i-rom the last year's published rer,oi't«f.f pi

' fm^^

\W

18

already pained in tiie matter it was confidently expected that many «nillion8 of the
young ol tlic cod and the lobMtor I'amilius would bo tuiiieil out of the Trinity Bay
hatchery in future yeartt.

To obtain an iiiwii^ht into the woikin|j of thiH induHtry from an ocular and prac-
tical standpoint, and with a view to its utilization in Canada, wan the object of my
ini88ion to Dildo Island, on Trinity Bay, where the hatchery Ih erected, a distance of
100 miieH from the city of St. JohnH.

Leaving Ottawa on the 5th of Juno, and .taking the most direct route, St.
Johns, Nfld., was reached on tho 11th, thence to Trinity Bay, arriving at Dildo
Island on tie 12th June, and renniiniiig there till tho ItJth. During this stay every
facility was given me by Mr. Neilsen to inhpect, note and watch the operation:-

foing on in collecting codfish eggs, and tho moduA operandi of hatching them. Lobster
atching had not yet commenced ; extreme cold weather had somewhat delayed the
collection of these eggs, but the delivery of some 700 lobsters at a canning factory
near by gave me ample evidence of the particuilars relating to the methods pursued
for obtaing tho ova and of placing them on the apparatus used for hatching them.
Full particulars wore also taken by me of tho class of building, and of the several
appliances connected with it; notes were also taken of all matters which might be
found useful for the carrying out of a similar work in Canada, and from what I saw
and learned it may be confidently concluded that no serious difBculties can arise to
prevent the artificial breeding of lobsters to almost any extent, in any of (Jur niai-i-
time Provinces, if Judicioua locations are chosen and proper care given to prosecute
*he work.

The great object at starting the undertaking should be to select a suitable point,
somewhere on the coast, where the sea water will bo strong!}- saline, free from sedi-
mentary matter, and of low temperature, and, if possible, in the immediate vicinity
to places where lobsters are numeiously taken to supply canning factories, thus
affording tho necessary moans for securing full supplies of eggs, either from the
lobster trappers or from the factories, where usually large numbers of these fish are
daily brought in for canning purposes.

Such a location being chosen (and there are no doubt, many of them on the long
extent of our coasts), the necessary buildings and applicances should bo put up, with
the view to permanency ; and whilst it may not be contemplated to enter upon the
work to the fullest extent required at once, nevertheless the buildings, applicances
and all surroundings should be calculated upon such a scale as to afford the facili-
ties for turning out annually lobster fry by the hundreds of millions, in order that
the artificial propagation may in a certain degree be somewhat in keeping with the
natural production. With this combination, to bo strongly reinforced annually by
enlarged artificial propagation, with rigid enforcement of proper close seasons for
natural breeding, and preventing the killing of immature fish, the recuperation and
healthy sustentation of the lobster industries of the country would be happily
experienced by those engaged in the lobster trade, as well as by the country at large.
But with the present reckless and unlimited scale in the destruction of the millions
upon millions of fruitful eggs, with tho embryo lobsters just ready to drop from the
bodies of the parent fish, and the eciually wanton and unwise "destruction of the
young, undersized lobster, comprising, perhaps, one-third of the total of all going into
the factories — too young to reproduce their species — must, in a short time, prove
fatal, and eventually exterminate the whole lobster industry of Canada.

DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDINGS AND APPARATUS.

A brief description of the buildings and applicances generally, connected with
the cod and lobster hatchery at the Dildo Island establishment, is herewith given :

The main building is a frame and wooden structure, 75 feet long by 45 feet in
width, and two stories in height ; the lower flat is principally devoted to breeding
purposes, the whole of the floor urea being taken up with tanks containing saft
water, and hatching apparatus of many kinds adapted for cod and lobster hatch-
ing. Glass incubators, as are used in Norway and in the United States, are exciu-^

(

!!►

»t many (nilliorm of tho
out of the Tiinity Bay

roin an ocular unci prac-

1, wuH the object of my

is erected, u ilintance of

most direct route, St.
Buy, arriving at Diido

During tiiis stay over}-
I watch the oporntion.-
hutching them. Lobster
I somewhat delayed the
SIM at a canning factory
to tlie methods pursuwi
sed for liutching them.
Iding, and of the several
nutters which might be
I, and from wiiat I saw
difficulties can arise to
nt, in any of our mari-
are given to prosecute

3 select a suitable point,
y saline, free from sedi-
the immediate vicinity
canning factories, thus
eggs, either from the
imoers of these fish are

my of them on the long
i should be put up, with
lated to enter upon the
3 buildings, appficances
as to atford the facili-
f millions, in order that
lat in keeping with the
reinforced annually by
roper close seasons for
h, the recuperation and
itry would be happily
jy the country at large,
truction of the millions
ready to drop from the
vise destruction of the
le total of all going intd
, in a short time.

of Canada.

lATUS.

provt.

iierally, connected witli
it, is herewith given :
feet long by 45 feet in
lly devoted to breeding
tanks containing salt
cod and lobster hatcli-
lited States, are excin-

no. y.. my a«.er,,,i„oa\,;,txSn'ii:„'rs:i;a,;rc^;;..:!'''''' "' """" '- '«" ■•

i A portion of the lower flat is partiti.med ..tf from the hatcl.inLr ro,.m for fl.«

I formed by projecting rocky points in Trinity Buv The «,.,.» .tir It •

I tup. into „„me,o«f,™,ll incibat .g , ,k "in ZfJ "CZ^IZ^Z "''"" "n"

^^ dinin?rooKnd "kitchen t''^'"f„"H^"''''*"\""r'" '•""'"''' '"'^' "« '^''' ^^'^ '•««'»«.

Cost of building complete «9 -,nn

Cost of boiler, engine and pump '... ^iZ

Cost of machinerj', inoubatorsund other apparutusVinciud-

ing steam launch g ^^^^

Total r_ .„,,

«(,oOO

m •>-t

30

JUainteniince.

fiO tons coal lur engino and launch at 8-1 $240

;} mon HB on^iiietrh — 2 in Uatchory, 1 in launch — at 81. W

=:81.'}B por month I'w •"'months 810

U mt-n in liatciiery at 81 = v »0 for (J months .'>40

4 men collecting HhIi t'W^, at 812(1 for (J monthn 720

1 houNeke«*i>er and Horvant, at 812 72

Total 82,H82

Tho hatchery in Mupposed to be run from about Ist May till Ist November.
From tho above coot of the Dildo hatchery, tho tbilowin^ computation i« made
iw to tho probable cost of the conntruction and maintenanto of a lobator hatchery, to
bo built in any ot the maritime Provinces of Canada, thus: —
Say;

Cost of building (a summer one) 81,500

Boiler, engine and pumps I^OOO

Machinery, incubators, apparatus I'ooft

Steam launch, &c.. &c i,6()((

Total 8r).000

N«)TE.— The boiler, engine and pump at tho Sandwich hatchery co«t 8770.

Maintenance.
Say;

t!0 tons coal, engines and launch, at 84 8240

a men, engineers — 2 in liaichory, 1 in launch — at 81.50

per diem •— 8135 per month, say IJ months 405

4 men, collecting eggs and taking care of them in
hatchery, at 81.50 = 8<» per diem, or 8180 per

month, for 3 months 540

Incidentals for engine and launch 315

Total 81,600

At the Dildo hatchery six montii.s are occupied in collecting and hatching
cod and lobster eggs, the codfish taking up an earlier period than lobster. The
period given for lobritor breeding in Canada would be three months— say, June, July
and August— therefore largely reducing tho maintenance for an establishment in
Canada as compared with cod and lobster breeding at Dildo.

The result of the within described inspection of the Dildo efcl.blishment I'-r
breeding codtish and lobsters and from experiments made in ^loiv i^ • ■ 1 other co ' •
trios in Europe, and also in the United States, i8,that lobste i vo, ''.ly 'i- the artificial
method is not a difficult undertaking, and its application might bo held to be more
favourable and attend with better results in the maritime Provinces of Cunada than
in tho countries above mentioned, from tho fact that greater facilities are at hand in
Caiia(!% for procuring the necessary supplies of the parent lobster, by which almost
any untity of their eggs could be secured, thus giving a goodly supply of .seed,
•whicli, - nionerly husbanded and the crop well cared for afterwards by judicious
logulir,.., ".x ild ••riloubtedly give to Canada a superiority over all other countries
in tht f or;* -a^•.^fl>. traffic connected with the lobsters industry.

S.Fj;riC TON OF A S! IE FOR LOBSTER HATCHERY IN CANADA.

In connection with my inspection and report relative to the Dildo cod and lobster
hatchery in Nevvfoumlland, I desire also to report upon the selection of a site made
by me tor a lobster hatchery near the Cariboo Islands, on the Northumberland Straits,
in the Province of Nova Scotia,

l.Vfi

1240

810

540

720

72

....

82,HH2

1 l8t Novenibci

C()m[(ntntion in
I lobator hatclie

mndo

ry, in

....

81,500
1,000
1,000
1,600

• • •*

8.'\.000

lory

cost 8770.

}>0

8240
405

in

3or

540
315

•••_

81^500

cting and hfttchin^

than lobster. The

:li8 — Muy, June, July

m establishment in

]() esliiblishment I'lv
v'uj ; -1 1 other CO •
'■''b' ''/theartificiiil
t bo held to be more
ices ofCunada than
ilities are at hand in
er, by which almost
odiy supply of seed,
rvvards by judiciouH
• all other countries

IN CANADA.

>ildo cod and lobster
ction of a site made
humberland Straits,

I.
2.
.1
4.

5.

21

T . nn^M L 1 .* ^ ^? P' ''" O'*'"':''"'""'^^"^ *" >f«wli,undland u,i,| returning to irui.lUx
I conmdorod it a. viH«bl.. „ oxamino certain |r,infs „f ,,,0 shore o. tin Xewfoindl nd
H.nut m the vnnuly of ("aribou Islands, whore s. oral lobsto fa .tories wL on c
and where U had b.en ropn.s..n..;d ... ,ho Dopartn.cn. that those isKsn^ul'i'o
harbour ^ave prom.se of furmshin« all .ho ne.-essary conveni.ncos for the establish
nent o. „ obstor hatchorv, Leav.n- |I„max .,n the 2;Jrd o. .Inm, f -oacUl ^^0,,
the samr day, and learned thai obs.or lishiriL' was Imii.Lr l,ir.r„U. . . . .
U.at c.a^ und.thatwi.hin a dis.ancoo,' son:^;';niu''il,.| l^^.. ^l r,: '^^
more ..otorie^ m lull operation. Upon further en.iniry I found out llio , a „ , uf ho
proprietors o! most of them and their particular location, as follows -

{l'n^nIlHl?fq''"'''';'.''M"^''''"''*^'';''"y Mainland

Ilamblin&Hons, Cariboo do Cariboo Island

Burnham&Morreii:ca..ej.dm:::.;::::::7::;;::.::;;;'';'^^^

fi Kn„.,-- t'Z\ McDonald's Cove .McDonaliFs Cov«

6. Ho;^8 ♦«X-y;;;;;; I'icou Is.an.l

8. McClures factory ........."....'."".".".'.'."*" fi"

Those were all situate-l in front of, and westward of I'ictou harbour Tt ere are
a so several other factories, some .listanee .0 the eastward of Pitt" These nnp?
did not visit nor .lid I obtain any particulars regardini hi ox ent h ra re tJ
llarye amount of canning,' was done at each of .hem ^ ' ^

«nn J)?*l! i^'l'^ """'^'"' "•' f'»^!'"''«-' «" "O'l'' 'It hand, I concluded that an abui. lant
supply . f obster eggs mi^ht be roa-lily secured, in the evont of a lobs "r ha 1 rv

PROSPECTINO FOB A SITE FOR THE IIATCIIEar.

iwestS'^o^Car'Sn^^^^^^^
KrtoHllT.i -^'i '" twenty-hve miles, and also the shores of the Cariboo
K. 5i ' '*^^P«"«!'^'o. 'I convenient site for locatii.ir u haicherv This was sat 1

S the^KSi'tl '" -^^''"^t/ng » vvell adapted npri, almosriiLediatd; a K^^
Hide the Bayviow fac ory, on the mainland, opposite to Little Cariboo Isia l-r,

'Z li^ZilTZr"''"'" '""'l ""fV"" ""■ "SS" '■"«l<' "l™y ™ depend 5°upS
commence the enterprise of artificial lobster hatch" ' '

nng

'anada.

"'laHmr '!iiMii»ii;.jj;s^;

22

In conversution with Mr. Neilsen, of the DiUio hatchery, Newfoundland ho Avas
strong in the advocacy of pure, cold, strongly «iline water for hatching cod and
lobster eggs, and that the hatchery should by all means be as near as possible to
lobster factories, to warrant full supplies of eggs ; and that it should be in a sheltered
place trom the winds, so that the action of the storms would not- stir up and roil
the water, and cause sedimentary matter to be conveyed through the suction pipes
into the hatching apparatus to foul the eggs.

*i T^.j^^®,."* ^^^'^^^^ harbour will possess these requisites and many more which
the l>iIdo hatchery, tiom its remoteness from the inhabited parts, has not or can-
not have. The temperature of the water, however, at Dildo, was 44°, whilst at
Cariboo It was 58° ; but as some ten days had elapsed between the trials at the two
places, and hot weather had intervened, no doubt this dilference in temperature
would be greatly modified. I do not, however, think this would materially affect the
case of hatching, as the natural habitat of the lobster at either places would adapt
itseit to the surroundings actually required for its propagation. Under all the cir-
cumstances I feel safe in reiterating my former opinion, that the site at Lakeview is
well adapted for artificial lobster hatching.

EGaS FOR THE HATCHERY— HOW OBTAINABLE,

Whilst the Lakeview site possesses the many advantages above related, I con-
sidered It advisable also to find out particulars regarding how the necessary supplies of
eggs could be procured for it, if the hatchery were placed there. The result of this
investigation gave evidence thiit almost unlimited quantities of lobster eggs could
be secured from the several canning factories near by if satisfactory arrangements
were entered into with the seveial proprietors owning them. Astonishing results
werQ also brought out as to the wholesale destruction which was going on almost
daily with the lobster by the method pursued at the several canning establishments
which I visited and from which I have formed my data for the calculations given
below; and although only eight of (no doubt) the most extensive and best managed
factories on the coast are included, I have no doubt that each factory throughout the
several maritime Provinces is pursuing precisely the same course which, if allowed
to continue, must sooner or later exterminate the lobster industry of the country.

To obtain knowledge for myself personally, as well as for your Department Vif
deemed worthy of consideration), I closely noted matters when visiting some of the
lobster factories above named, with the view to learn particulars relating to the
industry, and to make myself acquainted with the nature of the lobster, as to its
re-productive powers, when mature or immature, its fecundity, and other charac-
teristics of Its nature, from which I could form an intelligent and reasonable con-
clusion regarding the natural and artificial production of them, and of the times and
modes by which proper legislation might be framed for the present and future pro-
tection and maintenance of the lobster wealth of the country, which is now so rap dlv
declining, i j

REMARKS AFTER VISITING THE CANNING FACTORIES.

I found the proprietors and employes in every instance most willing to give
me every information, and placing no restriction whatever in the way of preventing
me from witnessing their operations, or from handling the lobsters in the various
stages which they pass through in the work of being handled cooked and canned
for the markets. The information almost volunteered to me by the cannois regard-
ing the large daily catch, and pack of lobsters at the individual factories which I
visited, as well as those which I could not readily reach, was to me somewhat sur-
prising It must be understood that, as a general rule, the packer buys the lobster
from the trapper by weight, not by count— the price being 50 cents for the 100 lbs
which the trapper gets upon delivery at the pier or landing connected with the
factory. The account of the daily receipts given me by the several proprietors was

23

Newfoundland, ho was
for hatching cod and
as near ai^ possible to
hould be in a sheltered
d not. stir up and roil
pipes

as follows, which covers the general daily average from the beginning of the season
about the 10th or 12th May, till the close of the season on 15th July:— *

)ugh the suction

nd many more which
sarts, has not or can-
lo, was 44°, whilst at
ii the trials at the two
rence in tempeiature
d materially atl'ect the
er places would adapt
m. Under all the cir-
he site at Lakeview is

I above related, I con-
e necessary supplies of
'e. The result of this

of lobster eggs could

factory arrangements

Astonishing results

was going on almost
inning establishments
:he calculations given
live and best managed
ictory throughout the
I'se which, if allowed
try of the country,
your Department (if
1 visiting some of the
ulars relating to the
' the lobstei', as to its
y, and other charac-
t and reasonable con-

and of the times and
sent and future pro-
hich is now so rapidly

:l£8.

most willing to give
he way of preventing
)Ster8 in the various
1 cooked and canned
'' the cannors regard-
lal factories which I
o me somewhat sur-
3ker buys the lobster
:ents for the 100 lbs.,
: connected with the
'eral proprietors was

1.

2_

:i!

4.
3.

(!.
7.

S.

Proprietor. L<Kiitioii.

Morrell & Burnham Bay view.

Hamblin & Sons Big Cariboo.

do ToTiy lliver...!!.

Burnham & Morrell McDonald Cove.

do Cape John

Hogg's factory Pictou Island ..

do do

McClures factory. do

July :
X

f L1)H. Daily.

10,000

14,000

10,000

12,000

15,000

i2.ooa

12,000
16,000

Total.

101,000

These 6gure8 were given in round numbers by the proprietors. In one or two
mstances they were taken from their books.

In order to ascertain the number of lobsters comprised in these 101,000 lbs it
will be necessary to add about one-fourth to cover the great quantity of small sized
ones which are so numerously taken. This, then, would give a daily catch brought
to these eight factories ot 125,000 lobsters, say from 15th May to 15th July, which if
multiplied by the time, 60 days, would give a total of 7,500,000 taken during this
part of the season. ^

It will now be necessary to make further search into this subject, in ordei- to
tally comprehend Its destructive bearings upon lobster life and the industry con-
nected with It. lo do this properly this daily catch of 125,000 lobsters must be
analyzed :

« k ^■- ^J^'^} P'""P,»''tio" of this number would probably come under the terra of
berried lobsters, or those taken contrary to the law ? After the 15th or 20th of
June large numbers of the lobsters are found heavily laden with almost matured
eggs in many instances ready to drop the embryos from their bodies

, , •^^l'^^ proportion of the 125,000 will be found to come under the legal stan-
dard ot JJ inches, and may be called immature, that is, not possessing the requisite
functions of nature to enable them to reproduce their species? My observations
ami examinations of several hundred specimens led me to conclude that a very small
proportion indeed under 9 inches are " berried " or able to propagate their young;
and that very few, if any, under 8 inches have their organs of development suffll
ciently matured to enable them to be " berried " or reproduce their kind.

Now taking these views regarding " berried " and " undersized or immature "
lobsters to be correct in the main, or even approximately so, the following figures
will assuredly show the immense destruction that is continually taking place

hroughout the whole country illegally, and otherwise, in connection with the
lobster business :

Thus, in this case, say the daily catch to be 125 000

Deduct I immature and undersize is HI 250

Balance to be called full size 03,750

One-half of these may be called females 46,875

Take off J as unfit for breeding 11 718

Leaving of females ys"^

bciontists give an average of *20,000 each female. ... 20 000

Total eggs from female* 708,140 000

' Tlie writer Ims since learned from Prof. Xeilson that 20.000 is Mow the

average.

Hit I'

^ i ! I

iii

This 703,140,000 would be the daily loss of lobster eggs occasioned by the
taking of " berried females " contrary to law, if it went on during the whole season
ot two months But it must be borne in mind that whilst the whole season covers
two months, the real time in which the "berried female" is principally taken

*Ti'^?u*'f ."^"* ^^^ '''"*''■ ^^^^ <^^ ^^^ ^^"^on, say 15th or 20th June, and continues
till 15th July.

Now, if the daily products of fruit-bearing eggs is 703,140,000, and the actual
time in which they are largely found on the female is from 20th Juno to 15th July
in the open fishing season, 25 days are actually employed by the fishermen in catch-
ing berried orillegal lobsters— (to say that all "berried" fish are put buck into
the sea, and that they are n )t used in the factories, would be simply a distortion ot
the truth). *^ "^

*• '^r^.^l^o^,'^"^' '^^ ^^^^ '"^'^ ^^ ^^^^^^ ®'S^* factories ahme would be the multiplica-
tion ot 703 140,000 by 25 days, giving a total of upwards of secenteen billions Jive
hundred and seventy-eight millions (17,578,500,000) of lobster eggs and fry which the
present Departmental regulation contemplates saving by not permitting "berried "
temales to be taken. Yet the regulation is not enforced by the officers ; it is violated
and 18 bringing about speedy extermination of the lobster industry. '

It IS bv such an application of the subject, and by such calculations in relation
to It that the immense loss can be comprehended that is now going on in connectw a
with the lobster business ot the country; and when it is found that so much destruc-
tion 18 caused by the operations of the within-mentioned eight factories on a nart
^^^ =nl • ^'™* of Northumberland, what must it be with all the other canneries
some 500 in number, along the whole extent of the coasts of the maritime Pro-
vinces, where, no doubt, the same ruinous course is being pursued at each of them
Ihe result must soon be to utterly destroy the industry and exterminate the lobster
troni our shores, and this calamity is already being too truly experienced on many
parts of the coast. ^ t- j

From the within related facts, it is fairly shown that in connection with the
carrying on of eight lobster factories no less than an average of 1,875 000 imma-
ture, undersized lobsters are illegally killed during the two months, and at the
lowest calculation some 17,578,500,000 matured lobster eggs, with embryos in them
are cast into the boiling vats of the canneries, all in violation of the law, too It'
therefore, becomes necessary that this wanton destruction of these valuable crust-
aceans should be stayed, before it is too late to prevent their final extermination.

To give some particulars in proof of the statement that lobsters under 9 or Si
inches are immature and incapable of reproducing their species, I may state that!
opened many of these undersized lobsters at three of the factories and found no
rudimentary signs of fecundity inside or outside of their bodies; while in the larger-
sized lobster, eggs were invariably found either inside the body or on the swim-
merets, under the tail outside. This circumstance convinced me of the wisdom of
the regulation which establishes the legal length at 9J inches (which, in reality
should be 10* or 11 inches). It also impressed upon me the great necessity that
existed for your Department in enforcing the 9*-inch regulation to the very letter
and preventing the vast number of undersized, immature fish from being caucht in
the traps, and daily canned in the factories.

As further evidence of the unfertility of lobsters under 8.V inches, I requested
the general agent of one of the large packing companies to send me a box that
would hold about 50 lobsters of different sizes under 9 inches, to be forwarded to
Ottawa, C O.D with the view that I might more closely examine them, to discover
whether they bore eggs within or outside their bodies. These were very promptly
and kindly sent on, as requested. They were boiled before leaving the factory in
order that they would ai-rive in Ottawa in good condition. Nearly all of them did
1 opened all these lobsters personally, and thoroughly examined them, with the
result as shown in the notes taken of each and described in the paper herewith
attached. The examination of some of these lobsters was witnessed by other per-
sons also. Some whole specin.iens and p.^rtH nf others were put in alcohol for obser-

2S

gs occasioned by the
ring the whole Hcaeon
e whole season covei>
is principally taken
h June, and continues

iO.OOO, and the actual
0th Juno to 15th July
he fishermen in catch-
fish are put back into
limply a distortion of

lid be the multiplica-
seventeen billions five
:g8 and fry, which the
permitting "berried "
)fficers ; it is violated,
itry,

ilculations in relation
oing on in conneflu n
that so much destruc-
t factories on a part
1 the other canneries,
if the maritime Pro-
sued at each of them.
:terminate the lobster
3xperienced on many

connection with the
J of 1,875,000 imma-

inonths, and at the
ith embryos in them,
of the law, too. It,
these valuable crust-
nal extermination,
bstors under 9 or 8J
)s, I may state that 1
itories, and found no

while in the larger-
idy or on the swim-
le of the wisdom of
i (which, in reality,
great necessity that
3n to the very letter,
rom being caught in

V inches, I requested
end me a box that
i, to be forwarded to
lie them, to discover
were very promptly
I'ing the factory, in
irly all of them did.
ned them, with the
the paper herewith
nessed by other per-
in alcohol for obscr-

' vation in the Museum It was found in these specimens that no perceptible si-ns
ot fertility were to be discovered in any of the "lobsters under 8i- inches n lenL^th

o^So?thTbod7 " '"' """'"'■'' P"^"P '^ '"°''«« ''"^' '^^^^^^^ found oSe
The following are the particulars relating to an examination made with the lot
of lobsters received from the Bayview factory. Cariboo Islands, N.S. :-

No. of
Lobsters.

Length

of
Lobsters.

Iiiclics.

.Square

of
Body.

Inches.

Reniarka.

IS

No evifh-nt.- whatever of ejjgs inside or outside.

u

«i

8\

n

do

do

do

do

do

do

I'i

do

do

' Berried " eggs outside on some of tlie

J? Two berrieil ; i-est apparently males. No egir.-

gif*

I 0

Scale of 6 inches.

3i inch hZl^ll considered somewhat exceptional to find any considerable number of
% inch lobsters bearing eggs— or, at least, such was the result of a orottv -eneril
...ammation made of a large number of lobsters received at the canning f^todes

referred to. It is possible, however, that in closely overhauling many thousand u
few "berried " SJ-inch lobsters might be fouisd, and this may have been the case
with those sent to Ottawa for examination.

Since the above described examinations were made I have received information
from Prof. Adolphe Neilsen, the Norwegian expert in lobster and cod hatching now
employed by the Newfoundland Government to manage this industry, and who has been
so eminently successful in hatchingandturning out upwards of four hundred millions
of young lobsters during the past season in the Newfoundland waters by the artificial
methods. lie thus writes : "As it may be of use to you, I will give you the number
of eggs I have found on the lobsters herein Newfoundland, after the most careful
count. Thus: —

A 11-inch lobster carries 22,154 e^gs

11* do do 22^600 do "

12 do do 23.080 do

12i do do 23,260 do

12i do do 23,680 do

13 do do 24,100 do

14 do do 25,000 do

The inference to be drawn from Mr. Neilson's practical knowledge of the lobster
family is, that he cannot, or that he does not obtain matured ejrgs from lobsters
under 11 inches. It may be possible that some eggs maybe got fmm lobsters under
that size, but he does not consider it worthy of mention in his correspondence. He
furthermo:n says : " ' Berried ' lobsters were seldom found under 8 inches, and more
frequently over than under 10 inches."

In my examination of the lobsters their size was considered, and close measure-
ments made as illustrated in the above sketch. From the squares shown of the body
size of the several lobsters examined a somewhat proper conclusion may be drawn
for regulating the width between the bars or slats of the lobster traps, so that in
adopting any regulations regarding legal lobster traps a space shall be left suffi-
ciently wide to allow small-sized lobsters to pass through, and thus prevent the
unlimited killing of under-sized and immature fish.

CONCLUSION.

If in the work of nature it was ordained that this wonderful fecundity of the
lobster family was requisite to keep up the balance of nature in the general line of marine
animals; and if in the wisdom of the Legislature of this country judicious laws have
been enacted intended to protect and reasonably sustain this balance of nature, yet
give a fair and legitimate supply of this much desired crustacean for man's use and
traffic, why should the laws of nature and of the country be allowed to be over-
ridden, and be made of no effect, to gratify the selfish desires of a few persons, for
their own immediate aggrandisement, and who also advance special pleas and give
erroneous statements regarding the nature and habits of the lobster, with the view
simply to obtain more extended privileges for carrying on the work of ruination to
the lobster industries of the country?

Surely the sad experience which other countries have already realized by allow-
ing the unrestricted killing of this valuable crustacean should give timely warning
to Canada, and cause her to put forth her energies to preserve and maintain in her
waters the lobster wealth which she now so largely possesses over almost any other
country. ''

The remedy and means are already to hand, which, if strictly enforced, would
yet preserve the lobster industry, and maintain it in a large degree, both for the
present and the future :

By a determined enforcement of a properly selected close time ;

By the absolute prevention of the killing of under-sized and immature lobsters ;

By placing all lobster trappers and packers under license surveillance, with
such regulations as will efToctualiy stop the present wicked and destructive methods

^
♦*

27

ing many thousand a
ay have been the case

B received information
and cod batching now
istry, and who has been
rfour hundred millions
vaters by the artificial
1 give you the number
fter the most careful

22,154
22,600
23.080

eggs.
do
do

23,260
23,680

do
do

24,100
25,000

do
do

owledge of the lobster
d eggs from lobsters
at from lobsters under

1 correspondence,
ler 8 inches, and

, He

more

}d, and close measure-
res shown of the body
jlusion may be drawn
bster traps, so that in
ice shall be left suffi-
and thus prevent the

arful fecundity of the
3 general line of marine
•y judicious laws have
balfince of nature, yet
>an for man's use and
i allowed to be over-

of a few pei*8ons, for
jecial pleas and give
obster, with the view

work of ruination to

ady realized by allow-

give timely warning

and maintain in her

)ver almost any other

ictly enforced, would
degree, both for the

time ;

d immature lobsters ;
se surveillance, with
i destructive methods

carried on in connection with the lobster business, and by supplementing their
natural production by entering upon an extensive plan of artiticial propagation.

If these means were enfoiced by parliament- ry enactcments, and not by Orders
in Council, the present constant importuning of the Department would be pre-
vented by interested individuals, companies and representatives from localities, all ot
whom are constantly pressing for changes to be made in the close season and r'egula-

, tions regarding lobsters from their own local and selfish standpoints, irrespeotive of
the general requirements of the public at large for the preservation and maintenance
of the lobster wealth of the country.

Appended hereto will be found a plan of that portion of the Strait
where the site for a hatchery has been selected, on which are also shown the loca-
tions of the presnt lobster factories which are within reasonable limits for securing
supplies of lob, er eggs lor the contemplated hatchery. The names of the proprietors

[ of the factories, with the daily catch of lobsters at each, are also shown.

IRBEOUr.ARITIES CONNECTED WITH THE CANADIAN LOBSTER TRADE.

There is an unjust and discriminating system allowed to be carried on in favour
I of the foreign packer as against the Canadian packer and the trade interests of the
J dominion.

Some of the lobster packing companies carrying on the canning business in the

piaritime Provinces are only temponiry residents, being actual residents and citizens

of the United States, where they also carry on the lobster-packing business quite

extensively. These American companies have been in existence in various parts of

the United States for many years, and have established themselves in the lobster

.industry under well-known " trade marks," represented by brilliantly-got-up labels

affixed to each package put up by them, thus conspicuously advertising their goods,

[and the country in which they are produced, to the general consumer throughout

I almost every part of the glolie where this edible crustacean is eaten.

Finding by over-fishing, and the destructive methods adopted in killing the
lobster, which has been permitted by the authorities in the United States, the lobster
.crop has almost come to an end, these companies have, therefore, in many cases
jestablished themselves in the lobster packing business at many important points all
along the coasts of the Provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward
j Island, where they have found the lobster crop to be far more abundant than in their
own country. There they carry on an evidently Canadian industry from the product
I of Canadian waters, this might not be considered of such an objectionable
I character if deception, or, in fact, fraud, were not practised, by misrepresenting this
j actual lobster wealth of the Canadian waters, by advertising it to the world by
^their "trade marks "and labels as the product of the waters of the United States.
I But a still more iniquitous system is also practised, when all the superior quali-
ties of the lobster packages are labelled as the product of American waters, and the
inferior qualities are labelled as the product of Canadian waters, whilst all aio
canned in the same factory and all are caught in Canadian waters.
j This evidently irregular and discriminating proceeding in favour of the Ameri-
ican lobster packers carrying on the canning business in Canada should be stopped,
as being not only injurious to the resident Caniulian packer, but also damaging to
the commercial interest of the Dominion, in allowing a fraudulent advertisement of
an exten.sive article of trade to go forth to the world at large as the growth and
product of the United States, when in reality it is wholly Canadian. 1 hereto
append to my report the following extracts regarding lobster culture in Newfound-
I land and m the United States.

SUCCESSFUL OPEKATIONS IN LOBSTER AND COD HATCHERY, NEWFOUNDLAXD.

Mk. Nkilskn'm RKrORT.

I nr»«df.^"r*'"^ "^/'^'' ''i''^'"'' V' Coiinnittec of the Fisheiiew CominisHion on tlie 2-4tli instant, Mr. Neilsen
If^hp^T M^ '■'-'!«"•!;"" ^<'Yl-\ ^>'^*<-hmg f.-.f tl„. im-»fi,t «-asun. From this it ai-icared that at Diido
Hatchery, fifteen millions of lobnters had been hatched and plant.-d. Returnx received from nine of the

^'0m

'' ^f

28

1 hr<... Htations in Uram Bay each liaviti^ thirty-six iiifubators, ar.- yt-t to !«■ heard from Should th..v
have )PMi OH H«ccf!NHful a« the others twill be fo\ind tliat thev have hfitehV. I 11 uJi <iiy> 'ri i.

Me^nTIlTlIf T'' ""• T''^' ««''«"'»•" around Dildo and in the various arn.K „f Trinity Day reiK)rt havini?
Keen lately enoniiouH numlj..rH of t(,in.eodH of a niuch smaller size than they had ever seen befoJe in f;uT

'i'«i-

i

COD AND I,OBSTKR HATCHING.

(FroM Cape Anne ''Advertiser," U. S.)
Ix.xerii^in^i'fld/'''^'''' ""'''*'" ^"m"'' ^".'T' '","jf"" *"'^'' "f «»cces«fnl operation, all but three or four

«4ntl,. «.:/;?., '« k* •*.<'<>" l''«- "n lier hrst set m Ii.swich Bay. The little sloop " Messenger " Htocked

fb" t^';&: isz; hsMnSirSrcV Bif '''" ^- ^^"-" ^^'^^ '-'--^'^ '^"-' -^Xtoot^S
andIt^Stee?|;!;?c.ft^isTi^^ T^^z ^3^ sj-^n

tetter." "'"■■'• "''"" '"'•=^"*"" '*"'=^'''"* ''"'' ^" ""^^ -'*h in hatching'cc^fish and To^terf cTcially
l,v rirl RnmlSp" V***^ ^" "'»«'•«';''"» experiment was conducted at the Norwegian hatchery at Flodevis

(i'l8 inchelTng. ^ ''^'"'" f""- measurement, the largest one examined at the lotter date Being

iili

I had l)f()ii hntc'lied and set
ia, Coiiwption, Trinity ami
The ivgH were obtained ut
le female lobster, aH is well
are thrown into the lx)iler»
1 brought to life ; and the
md liberated in the waters,
ition.

' heard from. Should thev
llfi.00t»,(KX). The result (if
■rs have been hatclied and
ho will deny after this that

Vinity Bay reiK)rt having'
I ever seen before in fact,
< and from a o.insiderable
C(xl himself, which he con-
e planted in the early part
nouH numbers. This news
isent ejfort to re-sttxik our
mnnission, who have sue-
wt of .Nlassachusetts, where
oved to be a great success.

on, all but three or four
1 there are now twenty -six
eciire fresh egp, i)res8ing
condition untilthey come

loucester, during the visit
he exi)erimentar stage to
It (Gloucester and Wood's
and at Nantucket Shoals,
id the school of fish now
le result of this artificial

men. It ia reiwrted that
IV sharing $.344. Schooner
xjp " Messenger " stocked
i lines, recently took 5,(HX)

Norway for some years,
, vinder the charge of a
li and lobsters, csiiecially

gian hatchery at Flodevig
wut 140 X 6(i feet, and 16
of sea-plants were placed,
placed in the tank. The

t growth lieing obtained
in length, and they began
7 jnohes in length ; 12tli
I '53 inches. These figures
d at the Ititter date being

eries by
deuce of
County
'haleurs,
ncKles of
*i of the
f of the

llhivleurs

thorn by
1 to fish

jould be

iaturday
littcd to

; by the

livision,
indorses
3t of the

Sunday
brother
lis close
lance of
I during
inst all,
ihermen
d mean
'ibutary

ingthen-
xtended
towards
p to the

? up for
is never
Ince the
•etoxt is
es their

by the
k during
lat " the

further
, in fact,
n't have
ing the
:e which
)r roach

V"^!?IPIS?P

^O'^r^y^

^^

P I C T O U COUNTY

PLAN

SHOWiNQ PROPOSED SITE OF HATCHERY.

Shows location of Factories with daily catch of Lobsters and names
of Proprietors.

Shows proposed' site for Hatchery, alongside one Factory, and within
reasonable reach of 7 others.

These 8 Factories return an average daily catch of about 125,000

Lobsters from 15th May till 15th July— say 6

millions in ths season.

liati'hiiiK Hti
free ill tliH •
HonaviMta t
tlic (liffcrcii
known, van

^ynnK liavd
ThiTi' Ih till
Tlir.'.' I
Imve Ix'cii (
tln' Wlioll',

planted ill t
till' KiHlinrii

TlliH IH

•w'fti Ittti'ly 1
nut NO inuo
nunilHT of I
Hi(lcr» art^ l>
of tlic Hiuiin
IN of the hig
t'xhaiiHtccI V
owImI, in fc
till recently

TIlH fiHl

Iwxi'N Ijeing
million cggi
the spawn i
in. Any ir
The hal
of the V. H
that of (leni
Holl, and tl
Last suinnu
lieing caugh
hatchery.

The reH
the 8ch(X)n«
"I-ottieH. 1
»40 the first
ll)H. in one (
The am
and a hatch
Norwegian .
the latter.

In the •
•>y Carl Rog
feet in depW
and on the (
fish at this j
Their it
Ijetween (ith
to eat the i
August thei
give the ave«
<>"18 inches I

29

7.-SALM0N FISHI-RrKS OF TI[K BAY UKS (MrALKUHS.

fMKMiiRANDirM Miibiuittoil to the Iloiiourablo the Minister of Marine iin<l ."JMherios l.y
Mr. Wilmot, Suporlntt'iidont of Finh Ciiltino, roKiirdiii^' tho (•oiii;Hi)on(iunco of
cortiiin prominent poinons, und the i'otition of tlio KiHhorinen of the County
ot Honavenluio, reliitivo to tlu> Salmon Fisheries of the Bay ties (Jhalt-urH
tofjethcr with remarkH on the Salmon Fisheries generally and their mo<ies of
capture, with the sevonil kinds of nets now omployod ; also sketches of the
various descriptions of Pound, Trap and Stake Nets in use in many of the
Coast and Est'.iaiy fisheries in the Dominion.
The complaints of the petitions on the Quebec side of the Bay des Chalours

lare : —

(1.) That thoir compliance with tiie Sunday close time is injurious to them by
[reason of the fishermen on the New Brunswick side of the hay beinL' allowed to fish
f unmolested through this close time.

I (2.) That the annual open period for netting salmon is too short, and ohould be
^enlarged.

5 • u^^"?!.^,*;^*"?*^' they are compelled to lift aivl tie up their nets from Saturday
night till Monday morning, whilst the New Brunswick fishermen are permitted to
[keep their nets down and to tish them at this time.

; (4.) That the decrease of the salmon fishery by nets is brought about by the
abuse of fly fishing up the river.

These complaints were referred to Inspecting Ottioer Wakeham, of that division
who reported adversely to these petitioners' views, and Mr. Wilmot fully endorses
that report, and now in addition enters more largely into the general subject of the
I salmon fisheries of the Bay des Chaleurs by saying that :—

I (1.) The complaint of the petitioners that, "their compliance with the Sunday

[close time is injurious to them," is no doubt correct, when they see their brother

fishermen on the opposite side of the bay are permitted to fish durin<' this close

I time, and in violation of the regulation forbidding it. To obviate a continuance of

[this complaint by the Quebec fishermen they should either bo allowed to fish «luring

the weekly close time, or that yoar Department should enforce it against all

indiscriminately, by strictly enforcing the weekly close time against airfishermeu

alike. But to allow the weekly close-time to be wholly set aside would mean

absolute ruination to the salmon fisheries of the Bay des Chaleurs and its tributary

I streams within a sooner or later period of time.

(2.) The request of the petitioners for a change in the regulations tor lengthen -
J.°^.*".® annual fishery season, is simply to obtain for themselves more extended
tacihtiesfor capturing more fish, whilst it would also add very greatly towards
bringing about the destruction of Salmon fisheries by giving additional help to the
ruinous effects from the non-observance of the weekly close time.

P"\^'*^ regard to the complaint "of nets being injured from tying up for

Jthe Sunday close time,"— this is but an excuse to gain a point. This was never

[thought of in former years, when all fishermen tied up their nets alike, but since the

[introduction of the trap-net, which is somewhat more diflticult to tie up, a pretext is

I made by the Quebec fishermen that keeping the Sunday close time so injures their

[nets that they should be allowed the same privilege as the one usurped by the

I iNTew Brunswick netters, who, in violation of the la\V, keep their nets down during

[the weekly close time. The not only absurd, but selfish statement made, that " the

salmon which escape the nets by keeping the Sunday close time are caught further

up on Monday," goes to show the true inwardness of these lower netters, who, in fact

say: '' Wo want all the salmon, you upper netters and river fishermen shan't have

any if wo can help it." Not only do they have the first chances of taking the

incoming salmon, but so avaricious are they that they petition for a privilege which

means, " no salmon shall pass us to benefit our brother fishermen above nor reach

the spawning grounds to the river for breeding purposes." '

30

"riinH" or ''kX.,.!-' .f-f^^^^ -^ ,'' ^''"''" "''^"'■" '^ '« to triivol toirethor in

it. ,i-ib,aario. 1, ,„ke„ and piSj in comptS^

in the OBtiiaiy and const it will sliow ,!■ t whn.t . ™° »i"<=" o'"!" nottera below
cent, of tho salmon cangl on l,o rLkm til „ ,K v "'"*«-.S«l» "onio 95 or 96 por
tabes but 4 or 5 per cent It w 1 l» fn ,.C.I°,? 'l"P"Y°'"« K'<"I"<'>, the angler

from the dePtmontal cha.t of the^ tl^ pI'I* "^""".^'^ ^'''^ ^^^^ '^''' «^hibit
to in the ^iculatioJs^X^^K- t.^E!;i-l^Ii;^^

1

m

)eing broujLflit ubout by
r." (')iptain Wiikohiini
otnontH Hhoiild bouddeil
vl idoiw ctitertainoli by
ntainin^ their catch ot
)n to the rivciN by the
in^. iHiti no way what-
mbition and <%illiii^ ol
■0 "'ni^inoH noM.siblo, for
ilniori on their mij^ia

prodiu'o their youny ;
iiodeH of flHhiii^', these
^ oxtcndiiijjr their nets

forbid tiie poHMibiiity
ee|» ii|) their H|)Ocieis.
he whole world, ho to
;e of the not tiNherman

to travel to/,'ethor in
ar to their Mpawnin;;
»rionce, the nettor ban
wore formerly in nsf
nt rivers continue to
' benefiting the tidal

ako a fair proportion
hi by allowed to paH>
yet leave a sufficient

0 river. This has all

1 a weekly close time
shall not be too des-
ose time in rivers to

preservation of the
t the regulations, by
ive been permitted to
> brought about the

the salmon fisheries

rman is destructive,
lo support whatever,
ther nurseries which
to enrich him. It is
liem at high rentals,
the invasion of the
)n and the spawning
•o— and what is this 3 1
Jtigouche River and
of the notters below
ts some 95 or 96 per
grounds, the angler
n it is said that the
r lb., whilst the cost

own records of the

ence will be shown.

lata for this exhibit
fisheries, referred
By this max) the s

fnetter will be placed in a Iwtter position than the angler, from the fact that not
more than one-half the salmon were then taken with the Hy, as of later years
l>ut the grosK average >C the fly catch of the later voars will be placed in
|compori.Hon with the (letter's catch. And this exhibit will only show the
MtperatioiiHof the iietters on the New Uruiiswick side of the bay, and of the anglei-
on the UoHtigouche l{iver, it being correctlv held that the Restigoucho Hiver is the
|)rincipal breeding river to siipnly the tidal fisheries on the New Brunswick side
The records, which do not fairly give the netters' full catch, show that on the Xew
lirtinswick side, in the counties of Kcstigoiiche and (floucester, there were taken by
iiois all told 801,565 lbs. of salm<.n. Allow for the weight of each salmon 20 lbs'
and Kl,07t; will be the number. There are 179 stations for notters, thus giving 224
-ulnion on an average to each iietter.

These salmon will bo estimated af 82 apiece; each nettor would thus got $448.

the expenditure would bo $104.88. Deduct this cost of expenditure from the $448
and the balance to profit is $;J44. Each fish of 20 lbs, will cost the nettor about
46Ac., or 2\ cts. per lb., and he realizes a jirotit per fish of $1.53J^, or, on his whole
average catch for the season, a profit of $;^44.

/^he position of the angler is thus: Say a fair average number of days for his
tishing to bo 20, and the <-o8t per diem for Indians, canoes, tents, scowing, provisions
and accommodation ciinnol bo estimated at less than $10 per diem.

The 20 days, angling would amount to $200 00

His privilege or license to fish for the season on any of

the Restigoucho waters will not be less than 200 00

Average railway fare to and from his re^idence in New

York, Ontario or other parts 50 00

Total 450 yo

The angler's catch may be nil, but to give a fair allowance, say one fish a day or
lO salmon for his 20 days, as shown above, will cost him each $22.50. lie gets nothing
for his salmon, as they are invariably consumed or given away; ho therefore makes
""?, lo'',"' '*■®J®^*?" iii'^catch, like the nettor, butexpends $22.50 on each tish taken,
or $1.12^ per lb., all of which is spent amongst the settlors and others for provisions
labour, &c. 1 i

The cost of the original outfit of the nettor and the angler is about thus-
Ordinary price of net, $100 ; ordinary outfit for angler not less than $150 and in
many instances reaching double and quadruple this sum.

Now, taking an extra catch of salmon bv anglers on the Restigoucho and it lias
never exceeded 2,000 fish, but in a great majority of cases very much less and
place the results by a comparison between the outlay or cost of 2 000 salmon -is
Ijetweon anglers and notters thus: —

Cost of capturing 2,000 salmon by anglers, ut $22.50.... $45,000 00
do 2,000 do netters, at 4CJ cts. '930 00

Leaving a surplus spent by the angler of $44,070 00

In addition, the angling proprietor or lo.s.see of angling privileges will have to
pay his quota of the cost of guarding the river, for which tho tidal fishermen vuvs
nothing whatever on this score. ^ -

The undersigned feeling quite assured of the deep interest Wuich many prominent
inaividuals and the public also now take, and have always taken in endeavouring to
upbnlQ the salmon fisheries of ll.e Baie dos Chaleurs, and of the several rivers which

32

partment of Fisheries dii
jquent reference is made to the

having a practical knowledge and Ion? oxn7riem.e'Z ""/"^:^. n»^-\»''om person.

'''V'Z''?^^''^'''''''^^''^'''^'^ Bubiect should rece^,•e

F.ec«ent reference....... .....,,,„, of uniformity and inability to obtain

coriect returns. This is, no doubt, tiie
acquainted with the fisheries
Department are
of the num

case.

as >t IS well knovvn by those piacticallv

nt are imperfect, and'iotfgi^etnSTS^^a'^;!;: "^h"'™ ""''' '^ ^^^
ibers of salmon annually taken in tLn^f \ J^ ^V'^ correct account
Heveral rivers and along the sho 2 of the bav Th«' °'- ""''^'J '" ^^" ^"t"'"-'^^ «f the
by the desire on the part of the fifihP,m«n f^"-*! u^^® imperfect returns are caused

fearing that it mightSLutlr't r^s wir'rS^^ Tt ^^ '''^'

their licenses n after vears Thiu «« ^^ u/ '^^S"™ to the value to be put unon
fishermen ; and to c'arrtSs out ^^hro.^.lL'^'^^.^^ *^ -tural feelin^g 0?^?^

men and consequentl/th 'e" ov^rrr^Sv SLl''" ^-^-^^^ by th^e fish
without taking further interest T.fLT&?^t}\^ 'P'' ^^^'^ of the fisherm

er-

men,

e

.vxMiuuiiaKingiurther interest, as thev should hv f^-^n,, T • ^"« "«nermer

nets, and seeing the fish actually taken lJomt"me to t^S TK-''"'"'"fi*'"' '^^ ^^
live active men whose sole duty should lh« fl 1 •. • ' ^^'^ '^'^"''^ require a
during the short time of ten twelve teeks when Tb^r? '^■'' '"''"'^° ^^^"^'^•^
fullest extent. A perso- al knowlXrof tM« IZ^ hshery is carried on in its
the bay, in connection with t^e specialty of fish br^^^^^^^ inspecting portions of

prevalence of this want of thorougiroS^t^^^ has given evidence of the

neighbourhood of Dalhousie, and elsewK "^^ '"''"^" ^'^^'''^^ »" t^e

whiof eSs";ei:^tg S'Ua£ ^ZL^I^'' T^ ^^^ «^ discrimination
rate of license fees paid. This St ann«„r K^^^^^^ the length of nets, and the
from a glance at thJ fishery staSs o ' tZ ^^.1^ t\«^:«° the commonest observer

more apparent at the prosinttS which «&r To''' ^ f .^^^^ (^"^^ ^t >^

net set, and their catdi, and it will so e Scid iMfhl IT^''''' ^"^ '^"S^^ «*• every
viction with it. as to this ineSitv of thi 1 ■ r ^^^'^'^ °»atter as to carry con-

0 ;mmence at station ifo. 71 where the first nPtJl.n. A® ^^^' ''' Dalhousie, and
wise course of salmon, after paiTng He.^n J land ?^t'v. " '?^*''"'.«P«°g tt^« «hore
coast, and follow from No. 71, round the curves of .K'T "V^"'^*'^" ^^"^ the sea
you find every available space allowed by law tak«n ,n' -f^o^ '*'*'"" ^«- 43, and
fathoms each. (QueryJv^ith this wnS nfL* • P '^'^*' ^^ "«ts, entered at 200

within correct liii^JsoringthsVa.^^^^^ these nets kept

tionof a license fee of 3 ce^^ts pei fa^m SI^Tost appS ^^"*«^^'««'->'"''^'-

No. 71 shows the catch at

70 do

69 do

«8 do

•>7 do

6« do

•'5 do

'54 do

'»;^ do

«2 do

'^'1 do

'JO . do

59 do

58 do .:

57 do

50 do

UlN.

•1,000

4.724

1,800

3,290

1,197

3,000

3,000

3,100

3,436

2,544

3,000

5,500

3.998

3,000

3.511

4,135

33

hey have fi'om persons'
subject should receive.

and inability to obtain
>wn by those practicallv
the returns made to thV
I'ue and correct account
>d in the estuaries of the
•feet returns are caused
le catch made by them,
le value to be put upon

natural feeling of the
•dwinked by the fisher-
dixit of the fishermen.
It exatQinations of the
This would require a

these salmon station.^
ly is carried on in its
inspecting portions of
I given evidence of the
ilmon fisheries in the

rant of discrimination
igth of nets, and the
le commonest observer
ns of 1878 (and it is
I and length of everj-
tter as to carry coii-
f licensing the salmon
Brunswick side. To

•8 per fathom of net.
!ay at Dalhousie, and
itercepting the shore
gration from the sea
0 station No. 43, and ■
7 nets, entered at 200
, are these nets kept
id wantof discrimina-

Lh.s.

4,000

4.724

1,800

3,290

1,197

3,000

3,000

3,100

••. 3,436

••• 2,544

3,000

5,500

3.998

3,000

3.511

4,135

No. 54 !*howH the eatehat

53

51
50

tio

49

do

48

(l.>

47

do

4«

do

45

do

44

do

43

do

!

Llw.

31,000

10,500

H.6.-)!)
<j.2!tl
(;,22!t
9,000

22,000

17.000
1,142

164,05

Here it will be seen that one net, No. 44, took 520 per cent, more fish than the
|6 nets each -71 to oO-did, and yet each paid the same fee. vi;^. $0

Now, If the same system existed on the New Brunswick side as on the Quebec
de of the bay, v,z., 40 cents tor every 200 lbs. of the catch, the avera-e fee payable

^^'' t^lnnn^f/f^"'^1■*? "''"^''^ ^''''* '^«^" ^^'^^ ^ach, and No. 44, at the same rate
(With 17,000 lbs.) would have been $34. This, I should say, was conclusive evide.?co
if the unfti.rness o the present .system-unfair towards the fishermen themselves oi,
he New Brunswick side, and more so towards the fishermen on the Quebec side
"^r^%- p^^"F''''^''^\"'l''^ 1 these 27 nets of 200 fathoms each as operated on the
mits of Lei Bay, on the New Brunswick side, the gross amount of fees paid bvtheni
:.your Department was $174; whereas, if these same nets had fished on the Quebec
ide the amount of fees payable by them would amount to $328

With regard to this evident unfairness and want of discrimination with fishinir
tatioiis and license fees, it may be asked how it is that certain nets, or that one net
Ian possibly take such greater numbers of salmon when located almost (m to sneaks'
[longside so many other nets in Eel Bay ? It is somewhat easy to explain when the
tngratory habit of the salmon is known, and their instinctive naturfdr follow n'
,e coast line until they reach their native rivers, which they ascend for spawning,
lurposes The larger proportion of salmon belonging to the Restigouche Rive^-
.ould naturally strike Eel Bay, on their direct line from their seawarcl journev
lassing by Heron Island. This bay being the first coast line struck by them as the
iumerous nets set there would indicate, they commence their coast, or shore' course

Tu'^' T^'^'fi^r^ ^^."'"^ "^^"^^ '^" ^'^'^^' ^'^^^'^ "^'t'^'^^^ ^^ ^t the lowe; end o?
_e bay. Ihe fish being driven outward somewhat by these first nets, they pass alon-r
ith a soniewhat uniform catch, till a smaller bay, at the mouth of M River fs
leached, when they instinctively turn inshore again, striking nets Nos 51 5'> V^ 54
II nnn T ^,?^\^"""'^, "P/^"'" "" average in the 17 nets below of some H.'oo'o lbs 'to
11,000 lbs. (in these 4 nets), or an average of over 10,000 lbs. each. From this noint
bey pass on with the accumulalions of others coming in direct from their sciwird
ne, giving an increased catch in the si.K nets above (Nos. 50, 49 48 47 46 and 45^
f nearly three times the catch of the 17 first-mentioned nets below or 8 700 lbs as
bmpared with 3,000 lbs. each. From this point the salmon strike directiv oitwkS
^ ge round the point at the head of the bay, when net No. 44 takes 17 000 Is
ind the next. No. 43, takes only 1,140 lbs. ■ •'

Thus, it appears that the nets located at either end of this Eel Bay althouLrh
ismg the same number of fothoms as all others, get certainly the lion's .tare of he
Mmon and pay no more license foe. This appears very unequal and unfair a J
r!l"' '' "^" th\°7»*^rs of them, at these naturally bettei'-located stations, hive no
reater legal right to the fishery than their neighbours; custom and occupaUon
las. It appeai-8, made these occupants of the better stationn think thev can h,^,l
hem as ot their exclusive right. Riparian rights do not prevail in the tidal waters.

34

pi
ii

and consoquontly their occupation of the fishery is only perminxive from the Govern
ment, which they acknowledge hy paying the annual license fee for tishing thos,
stations. Then why should one man, merely by the peculiarity of his fishing stalion
be compelled to pay 86 as a license fee for catching 3,000 lbs. of salmon, whil^
another, with the same length of net, and paying thesamefee of gfj, takes 17,000 lli.
of salmon? The remedy lies in the necessity that exists for abolishing the sniii!
fee of 3 cents per fathom, and placing a uniform charge of a certain amount upoi
every fish, or 100 lbs. of fish, taken by each net. In this way the taxation would 1..
not only Justly applied, but equitably proportioned amongst all the fishermoi,
whether his station were a good or a bad one. or his net long or short.

In connection with this subject of license fees, the following views are suggestcr
for your consideration, which, if carried out, would no doubt in the end benefit tlit
fishermen themselves, in more faiily equalizing the profits accruing from their some
what laborious calling, and the expenditure connected with their "individual fishin
stations, and also produce an income to the Department from the catch of fish t"
sufficiently pay a live overseer, whose time should be wholly devoted to seeing tha
the fisheries I'egulations were thoi'oughly enforced, and thus establish faith in tli,
minds of the public of the determination of j-our Department to maintain for tli.
present time, and for the future, the salmon wealth so largely obtainable from tli,
waters of the Bale des Chaleurs, and the rivers tributary to it.

Taking the same data for figures and quantities of salmon referred to ijn
viously, and confining these remarks to the same 27 salmon stations at Eel Bav
which, whilst it may be only a section of Baie des Chaleurs, will nevertheless bo :
proper criterion to draw a correct conclusion for operating all the fisheries in thii
large salmon-producing area (the Baie des Chaleurs)— and even elsewhere and ii
other Provinces. These 27 nets gave a return of 1G4,05G lbs. At present the netter
on the Quebec side pay 40 cents per 200 lbs.— this, after all, is a very trifling ftn
and is not found fault with. I would suggest a uniform fee of 50 cents on every 200 1^
of salmon— J cent per lb. of fish. At this rate the 27 nets with their U54,000 lbs (
salmon would give an income from the license fund of $410. This income, trivial a
it is, from this large catch of salmon (and so considered by the fishermen them i
selves, if equitably exacted from them) is dei'ived from only 27 stands of » ats on I
of 230 stations in Baie des Chaleurs, and taking in only 7 miles, out of 156 miles «
the shores of that bay, as laid down in the fishing chart, describing salmon station-
From every standpoint a license fee based upon the quantity of fish taken is prefer
able, and more equitable in the interests of all parties concerned.

(3.) Eeference is also made to the "necessity for enforcing the law regardim
Sunday close time for nets." This legulation is of such vital importance for th' i
better maintenance of the salmon fisheries on the tidal waters, by allowing certaii |
portions of the "runs of salmon " to pass up to their native rivers unmolested fronl
Saturday night at 6 o'clock till Afonday morning at (J o'clock, that it should l^
strictly enforced in the Baie des Chaleurs and elsewhere, in all tidal waters whei
salmon fisheries are carried on. It is a law which has existed upon the statute book 4
of Canada since Confederation, and of the several Provinces previous to that time I
and has -always been held to be, not only in Canada, but in the countries of the ()!■
Avorld, as one of the most important aids for giving opportunities for salmon t
reach their native river for reproductive purposes. Do away with this Sunday « j
weekly close time, and allow the fishermen to carry on their avaricious desires^ In 1
keeping their nets set from the opening to the close of the fishing season, and lii
flood gate of destruction is wholly opened up to expedite the extermination of tii
salmon wealth of the country.

This weekly close time is and always has been a permanent record upon ili
statutesof almost every civilized country in the world, in the waters of which tli a
noble salmon are indigenous. The salmon, being migratory, make their journeys t |
their native rivers in large bodies, or "runs," as they are called, within certain limite
periods of time. In some cases a longer or shorter , eriod is taken, In the Baie d"
Chaleurs the time will be included in about six or eight weeks; and should tho-

miissive from the Govern
i.-<e fee for fishini^ thos.
irityof bin fi.sliingstatioii
000 Ilj8. of salmon, wh'iW
eeofSlJ, tuke.1 17,000 \\<,
for abolishing the sni:i!
of a certain amount upoi
iiy tlie taxation would Ik
ngst all the fishermoi,
ig or short.

wing views are suggestec
lit in the end benetit tht
cci'uing from their some

their individual fishin.

fiom the catch of fish t
ly devoted to seeing tim
hus establish faith in tin
onl to maintain for tli^
'fiiiy obtainable from th.
lit.

salmon referred to jjh
on stations at Eel E:n
rs, will nevertheless be
all the fisheries in th
d even elsewhere and ii
. At present the netter
all, is a very trifling fet
)0 cents on every 200 lb
^ith their 1(54,000 lbs. (
This income, trivial ii
by the fishermen them
ily 27 stands of ? sts, on
iles, out of 15(J miles i
icrlbing salmon station
y of fish taken is prefer
srnod.

)rcing the law regardiiii
vital importance for th
ers, by allowing certair |
rivers unmolested fron
clock, that it should h
all tidal waters whei
id upon the statute book
( previous to that time
the countries of the nl
•rtunities for salmon t '
iy with this Sunday
r avaricious desires I
fishing season, and i
ho extermination of t

mancnt record upon ili ;
the waters of which tli
, make their journeys t ,
d, within certain limite |
taken. In the Baie dc
reeks; and should the-^

:^5

Sets be kept down during the whole of this time they would become barriers ror fixed
ngmes completely) to the upward passage of salmon along the co/ists and shores
n their migration to the nvors to uphold their species ' '

I '''» «how the destructive nature of some of the nets used sketches are
brcwth giving of those in general use on both sides of the Eaie des CIm
Hirs Some ot them are such complete engines of destruction an set in such
teo^Pr' '7 V-^'r ''^r'T'''' "*' '^'' '"^^' ''■"' '•''\'.'"""'ious as t.. den a u their
|nhscat.on,and infl.o ion ot the severest penalties upon the parties who ue them
|he statutes read, sub-sec. 7, sec. 14, Fisheries Act. "No ore shall , se a b'l-nS"
Vnet or fish pound for capturing salmon." Now, in opposition the nets used fm'
•Ijtunng salmon on the New Brunswick, side of the Bay are the mosrcomnlete
,d wicked invention of a trap-net that could be devised for the capture of a no,
he statute furthermore says : "No one shall fish for, catch or kill salmon n t ai

"SpJZZy/ "' "'' ''''''"'''' "*■ ^''''''^''y ^'" *' ^'^''''-•k i" the fbienoon c'f

^ Now, not onlyare these illegal and wickedly destructive trap-nets set and in
ieneral use on the New Brunswick side of the bay, but they are kept"hei-e a^ fix^
Jgines during the whole of the fishing season, and' not taken up during the weekly
£ose ime from Saturday night till Monday morning. Thus, t'hese fithermin vri
gtual y usurping a pnvilege from your Department which is hastening the end of
Je salmon weal h of that bay and the rivers emptying into it, and eni"fh i?r tJem
«lvcs by wrongdoing, as against their brother fisliermen on the othei s ''%f t™e

t^i7.^LTV\r''l ?'''''^' '•*^g"'''ti«"«. »"<» in addition creating stJ I and dis-
Utisfaction with other fishermen who, through their representatives in Parliament
e importuning your Department for permission for thi same privlle."es wh ch the
hers are tacitly permitted to enjoy as of their own right t^^^^^oes ^I'^^l the

Appended will be found plans of several descriptions of nets in use for cantu--
ig fish in tidal waters, and it would appear that hardly two persons agree Enon
hat a trap-net IS From what I can learn, the nets usid on the New Kn8w ek
Kle of^Baie des Chaeui-s shown in figures Nos. 3'- and 3?, are the wicke^es of tm's
>r killing salmon. My definition, is Jiat any fixed net so set as to lead fi^sh throu. h

Even the hang nets herein given would be interpreted in En-land as "fixed

f '" xL'^T^f'T ^^' ''^"^''' ""^ '^'' ^^^'^''y ^^^'-^ of Scotland tr im
us: "As to the destructive ertects of hang -nets on river fisheries thrEnS
,s ecors point out_ in their fourteenth annual report that they, in a LS^^^
iduced the annual yield of salmon in the Tyne from 12!., 100 to 21,740 afteT which
by-huvwas passed restricting the area of tl,eir operatons. since which titie the
yne fisheries have very greatly improved " *"®

»a ward. On the following evening I saw four nets used in this Lnne and a«' i"^
^ Ibis uFegaUty.'""' '" ''' ^''''''^' "' ^'''- ^ '''''' '''' ""«"^'«" «f the c^o'ei^torf
fnl n/ih?"'"^ be undesirable to alienate the upper proprietors, who have the con
oiw be unSw"^ grounds; and considering the exertions 'they h.u^ made ?t
Kved!" '^ ^''"'' ^PPo-^tunities of taking fish after the nets are

,f«^TK™*"^^ fi^^'j'l"^ '" the public water or tide-way of the Trent is bv beam
>te. Ihey are fished from a smack, but are stationary when at work and are niaced
us to face either the flow or the ebb of the tide, ^he length orthe beam irfrom
3J

36

20 to 22 feet; tho meshofthopurse is verysiiiiill. ^k * * mi

complaintH against the boiim-nets ai-o that tiiey tuito salmon illeLmliy and destroi
large quantities of immatui'o fish. These nets cannot fail to take salmon * ■

\-"i, 1 '''^^ I'especting the use of small-meshod nets in salmon fisheries i-

!^"!;nf'^«*''T^"''""'"*"f'°"- '■' * '-^ In the case of beam-nets, th.v
of «„^ml ftxed engines and cannot on that account lawfully bo used for thecaptur;
ot salmon. . ^ * * With regard to the complaint that the beam-net-
(as fixed engines) destroy large quantities of immature fish, it is necessarily tru.
, ' , ' , -•■"« salmon fishermen complain seriously of the number n-

salmon taken by them, and of the injury they do to the young of salmon if used i,
the spring months. ^ o uni.u u.

The concensus of opinion by most authorities on the preservation of the salmor
fisheriefi in Britain and other countries in the old world has been that " fixci^
!«TfK'; .f stationary nets, were so destructive to the salmon fisheries generallv
and that they so barred the passage of these fish to their native rivers for breed iii^

KS. nnVf'-'' "-h'Tk^ rF"°''u-^' ^^^y ^'^ '^y^"'^' have been almost whon;
abo ished: and it is said that from this cause, is mainly to be attributed the preseil
continued supplies of the salmon in most rivers of Britain.

, . T^ ^'"^S^l instance is here given of a river which has been fished for centuries-
the Tay in Scot and. The rentals of the salmon fisheries connected with it havo
'turing the past six years given an average annual income of $101 825 Tiu
country through which this river runs, from its source down to the sea,' is denseh
inhabit^l, and its estuary and coast line connected with it is crowded with shippin;.
and traffic of all kinds to an enormous extent. Manufacturing industries of variou'
kinds are located almost throughout the whole extent of the river vet it is foun
that salmon are taken in such abundance in its waters as to produce the annii .
wealth above mentioned, giving employment from these salmon fisheries to man^
frfA'^Tif- "^' luxury and pleasure to anglers and others of the general com
T.IZ- I? I- "T ^^7' ^ ^"^ '"formed, is actually insignificant, when compare^
)l'^^^^^l^^fSonche, Its estuary, and the famous Baie des Chaleurs connected witl
It. Ihe Eestigouche, with its numerous tributary rivers, may be said to be in thcT
primeval state, almost down to the tide-way. Not a mill or manufactory is built upo
the river; its waters are not contaminated with pollutions of any kind and ii-
purity and capacity as the home of the salmon is the same as when it first fell from
the hand of nauire. It has always held wiflespread notoriety as one of the greater
salmon-producing rivers since the first settlement of Canada; and why should it 1,,
allowed now to become reduced in its capacities for keeping up a great standard o
fish wealth, somewhat in comparison with the river Tay, above referred to ? And ^
It might, it the improvidence and avarice of the netters were stayed, and thev wei,
compelled to adhere to the fishery regulations, as to the use of proper descriptTo
of nets and the due observance of the weekly close time. ^' 'puun

In a reforonce to the close seasons for net fishing, and angling on the river T'lv
a much greater latitude is given by the Scottish laws than in Canada.

The annual close time for netting on the Tay is from 27th August to lOtl
iebruary; on the Baie des Chaleurs, 15th August to 1st March For am.lin'

TJt ^f7\ ^T ^''' "^'"'i'' *" l"^^ ^^^"-"^^-y ' «" t^« Restigouche, frri
t& H H ^I'^^'^^-Y- F.'om this it will appear that the fishery authorifio
n Scotland do not consider that angling for salmon is as injurious as the use of not
ting by fixed engines. The Tay anglers are permitted to take salmon up to the 31
October, which gives a period of two months and a-half longer than is allowe
anglers on the Eestigouche or other Canadian rivers.

«!. J^? TT' law for close times for salmon in England is from the 1st
September to the 1st of February for nets, and for anglinsr from 2nd November to I
I'ebruary. In many rivers the season commences later. Thus, throughout Englaiu;*
salmon angling is permitted two months later than in Canada.

iliii

37

* * Tli.

)n illegally and dostiov
take salmon *

ets in salmon fisheries i-
e ease of beam-nets, tlu'v

7 bo used for thecaptuii
aint that the beam-nci-
sh, it is necessarily truo
oiisly of the number c
ing of salmon if used ii.

esorvation of the salmor,
1 has been that, " tixti;
mon fisheries generallv,
tive rivers for broedini;
lave been almost whollv
e attributed the presen";

in fished for centuries— :
connected with it have
ome of $101,825. Tlu
m to the sea, is denselv
crowded with shippinl'
ig industries of variou-
le river, yet it is foum:
i to produce the annuiL
ilmon fisheries to mam
srs of the general com
ficant, when compare!
'haleurs connected witi'
ay be said to be in thi'ii
anufactoryis built upni

8 of any kind and ii-
3 when it first fell fi'oni
J as one of the greater
»; and why should it l»

up a gi-eat standard o:
ve referred to? And s
} stayed, and the3' wer.
I of proper desciiptioii:

gling on the river Tav
Canada.

1 27th August to lOtl
March. For angling
lestigouche, from 15^
the fisher ji- authorit io
irious as the use of no!
3 salmon up to the 31-
ionger than is allowe

md is from the Ist >
m 2nd November to Is
s, throughout Englam;

Ihe undersigned, after a careful consideration of all the bearings relative to the
uestion of the maintenance ot the salmon fisheries of the Baio des Chaleiirs and after
'c tbllowhi "l! '■'"■'""' P*""^'' f'""'" ^^'hi^'^ '•'« t-onclusions are drawn, recommer.ds

I h ?"^l ^^"^ description of salmon net to be used along the coast, and in all of

be tidal waters of said bay, shoulil be similar to the one marked Xo. 1 of the plans

lereio attached known as the xcincj-nzU or hook-ne.t. It has no trap, nor bottom

£ 1S7S «nH ' H "■"'/'" '"' ""/''•^'•'^""y used in all of the waters of the bay previous

*. 1878, and 8 the net now used on the (Quebec sido of the bay, in the counties of

aspe and Bonaventure The lifting it is easily performed to comply witI the

'eekly close time, and should now be as satisfactory and remunerative to the fisher-

'!°n*! }Z P.'^*'^^^""V/'"f ""^ previous to 1878, and especially so when the netters on

ie Quebec side of the bay use it, and would be satisfied to still use it if the netters

I \ ■ 1, ^''T^Zf^ «!''« ^^'^re compelled to do the same. But if oi.e portion of

l;7«n'tJf !.1 ""'^ Ii" H "'"". ;•'*' ^''•''^ '^ "^'"•^' destructive and betteV adapted

entrap the salmon, all other fishermen naturally desire to partake of thisprivile-e

legal though it may be. ^ r i ^^^.

2. Eestrictions should be made, even regarding the above-named net No. 1, as to
_ ength, for one station with 100 fathoms may bo so fav(.urably situated (but ruin-
usly so, on the upward passage of salmon) as to capture more fish-in some instances
jra, three or four times the number that a 200.fathoin net set Just alongside wm

The meshes of all salmon nets in the BaiedesChalours and the estuary fish-ways

.ould be a like size lor leaders, wings and hooks, nameiv, (JJ inches. The moshes

nets now in use are almost invariably 7 inches. In licensing the nets, the lon.nh

f net in fathoms .should inc ude the length of the leader, as well as all boo "or

rings that may be connected with the working of the net

3. The sn.l mon stations f;or nets should bo so located as not to interfere too
estrucively with the incoming '• runs "of salmon when rounding certain points

ir„h • r.T ''' f.'^'T'? n^ '''•■r- '^^« '•^"S^l* '^f ^'"«h net licensed Should
established from the adaptability of the station for capturing salmon

<ni?ations onssq Tl h' fl™""' ^7,""";"^' ^^ ''*' "« ''"^ ''*^^^" ^^ the' consolidated

gulations of^ 1889 and that the weekly close time, from Saturday until the follow-

ig Monday, be strictly enforced everywhere alike.

5 That the fee of 3 cents per fathom on salmon nets be abolished, and that
heu thereof a tax ot ^ of a cent per pound of fish, or 25 cents per 100 pounds
exacted in all cases on the catch of salmon in the Baie dos Cha eurs, and in al

ler salmon fisheries by nets in the Atlantic Provinces.

:ii '

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PlSlI-LAiJBIiKS.

THKIR NECESSITY KoR TIIK MAINTENANCE .,K KISIl UfE WIIKKE MII-i.-IMMS
AM) UTIIER IMCASSAUI.K IIARRIEKS EXIST.

This fisli-huMer queHtioi. is ono of vital iniportancc tor tl.o maintonanco of fish
litem tiio nvors.s roams and other waters ofCai.uda on wliieli natural barriers exist
or where urtiticial l.arr'.ers have heen Imilt, which shut off the passu^^es of fish to
tjR.irbreeding.i^'rounds to the waters above, and in addition to this prevention for

j he upward mi-ration of t.sl, these dains invariably form deep holes or basins just
below them, in which the fish collect in lai-e numbers, waiting as it wore, for some
opportunity to ascend the difficulty before them. Here they become the ^asy prey
tor the fisherman and poacher, who, reuardless of the fact ./these fish being pcAned
there, mercilessly slaughter them in everv conceivable way

It is not an uncommon occurrence to" see at the foot of the dam or other barrier,

! at the running times of fish (which means the time their instinct leads them onwartl
to their spawning grounds), .cores of men an.l bovs with every kind of engine of

' destruction-nets, spears hooks, traps and even guns-catching and killing these ripe
pregnant fish with the fruitful eggs flowing from their bodies, besmearing the boats
and banks of the stream. If it were not for these impassable barriers stopping the
fish they would pa.ss on, and not become impounded in these pools or pen.s an<l
opportunity would be given them t.. scatter their eggs bore and there all alon-r
throughout the streams and other waters above, where nature had directed them to go

VVhilst there are many natural barriers to bo found shutting off the ascent of
tish, there are also innumerable artiHcial ones, which have been permitted to bo built
by man, such as mill-dams, sluices, etc. Many of these are placed directly across the
streams, and these are the principal causes which have brought about the great
.le.struction of hsh life wiiich is now so sadly experienced throughout the country
and which so frequently calls forth the attention of the Fisheries Department by

! applications to erect fish-passes and other contrivances by which the remnant of the
fish in many streams maybe enabled to surmount these barriers and reach their

spawning grounds to keep up their species.

e •vf^^'"'^!' 1",^®2",'V' ^"^ ^®f " ^''"^^" ''y '"Venting various kinds of appliances to give
facilities to the fish by which they could surmount these natural and artificial barriers
In some cases the old original zig-zag fish-ladder in use for the past century stands
supreme in many parts of the world, and has rendered groat service both for intro-
ducing and maintaining fish life where it has been properly put up

Besides the old ladder just referred to, later designs have been invented in
l>anada One, known as Rogers' ladder, has been put in operation on some streams
and conflicting accounts are given regarding its proper working; and later Hockin's
mh-pass has been patented, and whilst its simplicity of build" and apparent utility
bids fair to supersede all others, it has, nevertheless, not had sutticient trial to war-
rant perfection in its practical working to give authority to the Department to
adopt It as the governmental fish-ladder which shall be applied to all places where
such an improvement is required to advance the fisheries' interests throughout the
I country. °

Artificial barriers, such as dams, may in the great majority of cases be fouml
siiitablo to have built in or attached to them passes of tiie latter kinds, such as
'li(>gers and Ilockin's; but where natural barriers, such as waterfalls over rocky
ledges, kc, these adders can not, as a lule, be applied, without great expense in
blasting out a locality for the pass. In such cases the old zig-zag pass will still hold
Its place of superiority. If, j.erhaps, by some modification of the Koger's and Hoc-
kins ladders they could be somewhat satisfactorillv applied below the barrier; but
1 he mmn object of excellence over all others now claimed bv these patentees is that
tlieir location is in the pond above the dam. or other barrier to surmount.
III! ^^^'^^""l ^^'^^^ ^^'*^^^ necessity that exist for establishing some one perfect fish-
|la(lderbythe Department, which shall in all cases be erected wherever ti^h nre
prevented irom ])assing uj. the river and other streams to spawn, by reason of mill-

40

dams or (jthor ()l)Hlructions. the undori-igiied would 8Ui;f,'t;.st tluit the Dojiurtnioni
Hhould caiiM' 01)0 of ITockin'H lish-|)iis(iOH to lie erected on some river, or othei' i-trearn
whieh the more important kiiids of tish are Unowii (or have lieeii itnown) to pass u)'
to lireed, and at tlie liead or oiillet of such pass huild a hirge ea.i,'o, or trap, int(
wliich all tish ascending the ladder u'.ust enter, and heeome impounded until
liberated — such ])en and ladder to be placed under the special guardianship of Honit
competent and trustworthy jjcrson (luring the period in which tish uie on their
migration. In this way, if the ladder shall prove its utility and eiflciency for
carrying tish over the dam, the tish so passing through the lailder niuet also entei
the cage or pen at its head.

In this way the question will be practically solved regarding the ctticiency oi
the pass, and in this way the Department could come to a satisfactory conclusion
that the money granted for erecting tish-passes over dums. &c., was j)roperly spent;
and that facilities were at hand by which man3' rivers and streams now almost barrei;
of tish. in which they were formerly plentiful, could be made again reproductive.

The under.signed has been instructed on several occasions to visit and inspect
certain fish-ladders in ditl'orent ])arts of the countiy, and in every case has found
them to be perlectly useless, either from unsuitability of location or want of proper
construction, the consequence ot which has been that these jtasses, which cost
considerable sums of money to help sustain the fisheries of the locality, acted the
reverse way, by giving greater facilities to persons to kill the tish at the entran<'e of
these passes, and by squandering the money in the construction of them — thu-
showing the necessity that exists for adopting the most perfect tlsh-ladder now
known, and compelling the owners of mill-dams to put in these passes, undei
the requirements of the Fisheries Act, sec. 13. This want of a duly authorised tish
ladder, and the delay in having an efticient one put in every mill dam or slide or other
obstruction in all of the streams of the country, is telling most severel}' against thf
keeping up of tish life by the natural us well as the artificial methods of reproduction.

In conr.ection with these remarks on the tish-ladder subject, [ beg to append
the following as being quite pertinent: —

HOOKTN'H \K\V FISHW.W.

One (if till' iiriililfius uliicli liiis iifcii|iicil iittoiitiiin fm- scunf time liiis Ihtm tliiit nf rc'niiioiliiig the use
cif the UiitiT |«iwi r cif tlif- cciimtry with tlu' tislicrifs intcrir't. .Mill-diuiis nrross ,a river uvf iki ilonlit a
ncH.-cssitv. Imt :it tlic NUiir tiiiif if aiiadi-dinous tisli tliat is, fish wliicli live in tlic salt water lint spawn in
till' frt'sli water caiiiiiit have aoeess to tlieir s|jawiiiiiK grniiiicls, in a very slairt time tliev l«'eoiiie extinel
111 tlie rivei. and tlie ei.ast fisheries in tlie ciniiitry are tliereliy niatei'iallv affected, fui' 'tu quote tlic late
i'rofessor l'.aird, tlie euiiiieiit ii'lithyijlo),'ist ;

" It is well liiiown that while aiiadniiiioiis fish were present on the rivers there was an ample supply
of cod, haddock, lialilmt, liaUe and various other s|M'cies close into the slioi-e, for the reason that these tisli
feed upon and therefore follow anadnmious ti^ll as they ciime upon our sliores for the purpose of ascending
the ri\ers. And aj,'aiii. when the tish have siiawned iii the rivers and lakes and, the youiiK tish reached a
certain stajfe of development, they descend the rivers in immense numbers and are ft'd upon l)y deep-sea
fish."

There can be no reasonable question tliat the great decrease in numbers of anadronious fish has lieeii
caused in large part by liiinian agencies— (mill-dams, sawdust in rivers, destruction of the tish while in tin
rivers to spawn! and that to this fact it is owing that year liy year the location of deep-sea fish it is found
further and further from the shore."

It will be seen, therefore, that any contrivance which would enable the water power of the country to
be used, and at the same time afford free access of fish to tlieir spawning grounds, must greatlv add to' the
wealth of the country. Ktforts in this direction have been made, uitli some degree of success, liy means ot
an inclined plane to enable a fi'ili to get over a dam. The most elaborate of these structures is that of tin
l"nited States Commissioner of Fisheries, Marshall .McDonald. This, however, cost a large sum to build.
'I'he Hogers' tish-|iass, which has lieeii used by the Departnieiit of Fisheries for some years, is constructed
on this principle, and there are several others. We give a cut of a recent imeiitioii' by Robert Mockin.
e\-.M, 1'. 1'., of I'ictou. Inspector of Fishi'ries for eastern Xova .'Scotia, which has lieen patented in Canad.-i
and the I'uited .States, and application has been made for a patent in (ireat Britain and the continent, tin
simplicity and apparent practicaliility of which w ill iirobalily lead to its supplanting all other .system.s. It i-
coiistructed of a series of successive eompartuients, formed liy longitudinal side walls anil subdivided traiis
versely liy p:irtitioiis (<;) forming compartments i/M and provided with a fliKir (./). I'lie partitions (>;) liav.
each and ajierture ik] near or at the bottom, and preferably in line with one another, and with a like aper-
ture lyi in the dam (k), so that all the water fed to the con'ipartnients will pass through the aperture in the
dam into the first compartiiient and thence into the several eonniiirtiuents sueeessively. Th.e water from
natural causes diminisiimg step by step m each of the compartments, and finally tlowingout of the last com-

beneiit

41

the Depurtmont
r, or olliff cti'eani
cnown) to puss u]'
ca^o, or trap, int(.

iinpounilod until
rdiansliip of HonK

tisli aro on theii-
inil etficioncy foi
or must ulso entti

s, the otHciency oi
ac'tory conclusioii
s pro|)erly spent ;
low almost haiToii
u re))roihictive.
I visit ami inspoct
y case has fouml
or want of propei
assos, wiiich cosi
locality, aetetl the
at the entrance oi
)n of them — thu~
t tish-latlder now
iso passes, uiule!
ly authoriseii tisli
n or slide or othei
verel)' ai^ainst tin
is of reproduction.
I beg to appenii

ijf rccoiioiliiit,' till' n>i
river art' no donht
lit water but Hpawii ii.
If tlit'V l«'cumc extiin I
, for to (iiiotc tlic lati

' was an ample .■iiipiil\
' reawm that these tisl
' piirpostt of aHcendin!.
e yoMMfT tish readied :•
fed upon by deep-se:

ich'onioiis tish has heei
if the tisli whih' in tli'
eep-.>*ea tish it is founi!

)wer of the country t^
Mst greatly add to tli^
if success, by nu'ans .1!
;nictin'es is that of th^
; a larife sum to build,
e years, is constructed
lu liy Koliert HocUin.
■M patented in Canad.-i
.■lud the continent, tin
ill iitller systeiijs. It i-
; and subdivided traM.»
I'lie partitions (r/) hav.
, and with a like apei ■
K'h till' aperture in tie-

tely. Th.e wate!" fri'lU

nKoiit of the la.'itconi-

ll '

9.-RESULTS FJIOM AKTIFICrAL FISH CULTURE.

From Officer Shea,,jree,i's Jicporf, xvith eridencc^ of sur.esses of Salmon Culture from

the Mn-amichl Mirer Jlatchenj:)
In order to show that this institution is reirardod as a henorit by all the tish
loale s, and by the irroator part of the net fishermen ihe.nselves, who we.^e at n

.lolin Uetts, hMi a hsh dealer and shipper at Derbv, 8outh-West Miramiehi
who owns and contnils several sets of nets on that braneirof the river says - '

• 1 am a hrm believer in the method of breedin- tish by artificial means I
i.ave now been in the salmon fishery business for quite a number of years, and I
iuuntam, through my experie.ice, that artificial breeding ti.r the past eight ve irs 1 as

tUI?il,le 1 . the theorv wluch some advance, vi.., that the different runs of
sh ^v hich enter our nver beb.ng .., ditfrent species is sheer nonsense. Jt is certain
ha wehaveditlereni runs offish .iuringthe autumn, but all beloni;- to the one species
I. UuM-e ,s the person who can stat.- that ever a bright salmon was met with during the

Ion". •^'''';';"' ,• V'.' "'">■'' "'■ /':'' '^" ^''''^ ''iver during t he past three or fourseasons
oe^not show the slightest signs of decreasing, which, considering the enormous strain

iiatisyear by yearput upon our waters, speaks very favourablv'for artificial breedino-
a^ any sane man wh.. is aciuainted with the habits of parent salmon when depositin7;

he r ova cannot maintain that it is by natural means only the enormous demand is
\ear alter ^-ear supplied.

The Honourable Michael A.lams. one of our liest Hy-tishermen, says: "Salmon
vtae plentiful this season. If it were not for the benefits derived i'vom the Hsh
iiatcliery the salmon would now be nearly exterminated in our streams."

Jared lozer Esq., of the firm of To/er \- McDonald, fish dealers, says: " If it
Ae.e not for the large nunribers of fry that are yearly planted in our rivers from the
^iatchery the supply of fish would now be nearly exhausted. The catch of salmon
'y our nets this past season was good."

John McColm, another fisherman and dealer of North Et,k on the North-West

-Ui.'amiclii, say.s ; - Without the assistance received from the successful workin- of

the salmon hatchery which the (rovernment has placed upon our river salmon

!nd f^h "r^f-^ I'-Y^been a total failure long before this time, instead of which we

una that this industiy is as remunerative as it was twenty years a<'o At th-it

time not one-fourth the nets and traps were in use as at the present day, still to

verage number of fish taken by each net is greater, althougth the iowei part

the river and bay is literally blocked with netting. Artifidal breeding is the

"'> ™^'"};'^ o' ^"Pplyi'ig the demand that is made iij-on the.se rivers evervsea,son •

John i-erguH, fiy-fisherman, says: "Artificial breodimr of s.almon i^ a o-reat

tjenent towards keeping up the supply of this important Hsh. '

43

:i li

f

"AitiHciul tisli liiitciiin/r \h beyoml
-...,....„„„,. TIk! oatch of sulmon in this vicitiitv
iinil whoii It. isconHi(ioro(l how tiio hvoimh obHfnined with i.ots

Park Gill in, a ti(lo-lien<i tiMherman, huvh

any doubt the inoaiiN of'ltecpin^- up tho Miipn'ly

IH ^00(1 each hca.^oi, ; anil wiioii it is ronMiiion

,1 .1 1 • •• ! <»nvi >»iii-ii M. in ( ()Msiuoio<t iiuw lilt! rivor IS oi)srriiri(>(i with i.ntu

a ouK o lower parts one would think it ain.ost in.possibio for tlsh to ad hip iS
all. This shows that they nui>t bo plontiful in tho riv.T." <.nispomiBi

Many mon- opinions similiar to the above could be hero inserted but

u e :i'; .t!fal TTs V l'^'"'f "1"'"^"'' '.'"''^''"'^' '« '^ ''°"««^ ""J that H ij!"
urc plentiful, It m useless to do so. It will b- noticed that .fohn iJelN

'' ns'-;?iT .rrr '^" ^''-'-y "''vanced by s..me concer.un^ tho differ nf'
denv but fbn ".. I 'r '■''^" •:'<''^''« ^he statements of ho„,o per^.ns, who . ,nnot

&il em^^^^^^ thishatcherv.bu

wno stil (lieu ate these statements simplv to injure tlie renutation of the instifi tinn

=£^m.;;tSt>'li"^''"'"T- "^'--•;---orysl...'tt!;nnilU,ls:S^ g
a V .l> the irround, as the f<ood results are too evblent to be denied by

mentnt^'l •'"'/"■ J'" """""'^''y and ill-feelin^^ which extended against 'ZluZ
meats ot his kind when hist instituted have -raduallv worn awav until at th ,

KeldT- ""'^' V"' ^'-T"''"^' voices of a few old sceptics who" ^ 1 nevm- b

men fi h < i"^ '""^e''" ><lea, "re to be hoard .; but the gn-at majority of tlu h'shei'

aTfiVi^ w hV'"' "'*^''' interested in the rishing business are in favo r .f tho

thltin nirw Vh^' r: f ''"'l^' '^"' •' ^1 impossible for the natural means to keep up
me supply witli the demands now made upon it. ' '

In order to show what a large number of salmon are taken in this river durin.r
one season let us take Mr. Jared Tozer's nets for example-the north Z sets "^
this vicinity from which he has taken over 1.000 salmon. This number o
nets occupy about two mile . .r the river. It shows an average of 250 fish o euch

n , rl 'T.- u"" "^"''"l: '" ' '^"' '^^"t these are short river setst What an onormou
•luantity of t,sh must be t.u<r., i„ the lower 30 miles of the river and ba^ ^v he T Jhe
theT :"V«"/ -,•"•,— '.-'"*y'y ^•'■-o times as long and wret i^k yluble

fish rj'ver; pfentin; ' t If" " '"""^ '''^ "1 ' 1!'"^ ^^"' "''*«'• '^" "'''* ''eHtmc^tion the
nsn are %eiy plentiful in tb ..pper parts of the river, where fiv fishinsr was also

unequalled during the past sea.on. This certainly shows that salmon are Abundant
n these waters, and points most conclusively to the fact that artificia UvSZt

S w rh^^I '"^''^ has restored the almost depleted state of the water of this rive
n which they were a few years ago, and should place tho great benefits which are

already derived irora this institution beyond doubt in the minds of thinkirl^ men

" St. John, N.B., 10th December, 1890.
Restioouche s.-vlmon

FRY INTO THE

SUCCESSFUL RESULTS OF TRANSPLANTING
NiPISIQUIT AND MIEAMICHI RIVERS :

" Alexander Mowat, Esq.,

" Oflicoi' in charge Restigouche Hatchery
"Campbellton, N.B.

,.., ."^f^« Sfr,— In reply to your favor of the 8th inst., enquiring ' If you have
remved any benefit from the planting of Restigouche fry in vour river for\he pas?

SSuuE ' n'l88?lr*'*^' *'"* "T" *'-.P''^"ti"g of Restigouche fry inZ!
i>opi8iquit liu ei in 1883, I have on several occasions observed that a very consider-

?n n/Jh'" r* '^' ^-^'^ ''''? undoubtedly of the Restigouche kind, and ds?n,^t
foM « ert Tr ^'^l^-'^'ll-t S'-J''^^ ■' ""'I ] have, as a consequence, expected them to be
followed n . ue season by a ar;- number of salmon of the Restigouche typo In
this expoctat.on I have bpen d.saj.pointcd, having only observed a small number of
the salmon that were not of the true Xepisiquit type. I attribute the cause of' the
absence 01 a fair return to the Nepisiquit of flill g.^Vn salmon from the pi nt?ng of
the Restigouche fry, to the fact that the fish, being large, are impounded in the
tmps, pounds and Img-nets so extensively used' down the^oast; wlK some f he
smaller Nepisiquit salmon get through tho nets and come on to the river When a
Restigouche s,.,lmon bound for the Ncj.isiquit gets there it is early in tho season

m

is beyond
Hiin vicinity
;(i with iiots
thiNpuiutat

nsertod but
hut Hill moil
rohn Molls,

10 (lirt'eroiii
who ( iiiiol
itchory, hilt
> institution
I mitileiuling

0 denied by
4 OHtabiish-
intil at tho

11 never bo
'tho tisher-
ivour of the

to koop up

vor during
)ur sets in
nutnber of
inh to e-ich

1 onormoii
whe»') the

ii'ly double
ruction the
j; Wilis a I HO
' abundant
ii'coding is
this rivei',
which aro
ng men,

1890.

INTO THE

before tho salmon lioacl
weather.

iti'ts iii'o s(>i iir ulieii I hey are diM.rdered hy rough

you have
r tho past
fry in the
' consider-
d distinct
hem to be
type. In
lumber of
use of the
hinting of
od in the
me of tho
When a
le season,

Th

is

year, oarl^ ni the sea^nn. f, and tnv friend ti-hiiii,' wilh uie, Uilled.

ilestigouehe salmon at the Paven

eaii FallN (,•' the .Ne|)irti(|tiit, but >aw

ix large

, , . -,..ii|UH, nut >aw none later on.

1 Miay here mention thiit except as prov. led in lx«3,l have alwavs been oppc.sod
t.. the inunnor m which the fry have been planted, tor lack of proper aeiJitios tor
wide (listributi u of the eotitents of each can of tho yuiiiig tish in well dioM-n parts
ot tho river, instead of being dumped Irom tho co'ntents of the cans ' e.it wrtx.v'. '
cart load after cart load, where the highway chaneed to eorne near tho river.

"1 am assured that the gentleman lip.'rrian ownofs. ;, .•,(.,- >i| (he tiylishin"

of the Nepisiquit Uiver, "Ml fully contribute towaidh n of any well defined

and practical plan for tho rercption, detention and loedin; ,■ young fry through

tho first ^i.iMOii, until tboy can better take euro of thoniHei

" Yoiir's truh ,

"J.'DH WOLTK SI'IRH."

{From OJicer Alexander Moiraf's Jlejjort.)

Camp Ada.ms, Newcastle, X.li.,

Main Nohtm West, 2iid July, 18!)0.

My Dear Mr. Mowat.— Thanks. Your young salmon fry arrived in Hno con-
dition and were carefully placed in pools. We aro experiencing the results this
season. Already we have captured seven of your tish 17-18 lbs., and ye-ferday (»no
by Mr. Brown, of Colorado, 23 lbs.— the lurgest fish yei caught at ("amp Adams.
This person was more than rejoir d. and carries him homo as a trophy of victory.
I wonder how long it would have taken to convince certain sceptics that we could
solve this problem in so short a time. Our catch since lOth, Juno to date, ;ia salmon,
32 trout. Touching the latter, we only count trout weighing over 3 lbs.

Your most respectfully,

M. ADAMS.

THE SUCCESKUL 8T0CKI.VG oP THE HUDSON RIVER WITH " SALMO SAIiAR, " WHERE THEY
HAVE NOT BEEN KNilWN FOR THE I'AST Cx- .TUBY.

The " Forest and Stream."

" Salmon in the Hudson Uiver had been noted by scores this season. A fish-way
have been ])ut into the the dam, and the tish are going over that obstruction in large
numbers. The stocking of the Hudscm with salmon may now bo regarded as an
estjiblished fact, or at least as a enterprise for which success can with excellent reason
be promised. There are other dams, and falls yet to be provided for with Hsh-ways,
and now that the above results aro shown it would bo onl}' foll^- to postpone tho
task. The Hudson as a salmon rover is destined to be famous."

i*'ro»i " Fishing and Shooting."

" The idea of stocking the Hudson River with salmon originated with Mr. Fred
ilathor, who made the suggestion to the hito Trof Haird, who was then United
States Fish Commissioner, and the first eggs were hatched and fry ])lat»tod in 1882.
The State made an appropriation for building tish'ways with dams at Mochanicsville
and Fort Miller, and these tish-ways are being buiit. ' The following is related with
regard to salmon in the Iludson in July, 1800: —

_" Tho gates of tho Hudson River Power and Pulp Company wore opened to
drain down the water, so that it would not flow over tho dam during the progress of
putting in a fish-way in the 16-foot stone dam across tho Hudson River, and over
one hundred salmon wore counted in the shoa! water thus created ar its base as they
retreated back into greater depths. They were from 1 to 3 feet in length, and

^ai

^.

Y.. S^,

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

" 4t^-

1.0

1.1

143

HO

1^ y^

2.2

|a7

1 4.0

■lUU

2.0
1.8

'L25 iu

M^

1.6

150mm

'K

m

^}

y

/

>1PPLIED_^ IIVMGE . Inc

J^ 1653 East Main Street

.^ar'^ Rcx:hestet, NY 14609 USA

^jj^S^S Phone: 716/482-0300

.^S'.SS Fax: 716/286-5989

0 1993, Applied Image. Inc.. All Rights Reserved

i<.

,\

^\'

^\

'<^

f^^

44

The largest walmon
weighed 22 Ibn.

caught
The

probably averaged from 5 to 8 pounds in weight

here thm neuHon by angling measured 30i inches and wei".h«d*'o9' Ih'"""" '"'"'r^u^
tish-wuy IS now under r'nnHtfi.r.«i-n.. . .„! -""■"\''' ""< weighed 22 lbs. 7 ozs. The

the river to the SaL 2 ri uH^^es th^^^^^^ '' ^^'" ""«^^'^''« ««""«•' ^ pass

These fish are all the results from ,« .,1.? ^"^ ^^ ^'"'i spawning purposes. * * *
menced eight years airbvan,-^^^^^^ '"u'^T ^''^ «" the Hudson, com-

Springs ; t l,^a? he^ recfues ,?n S.'v' v'"" '^' V-"'*^*'.®''^**'''^ Hatchery, Cold
Aun<j Journal ^ ' ''^"^•■' ^^"^'^ ""S'>"ff editor of Shooting and

RKSULTS ()v AKTIFICIAL VVHITK KIHH OULTUKK.

The

iFro,u ,H. M,por, ,.fO., St..,, <'..a,ni..u.ne.. ofmh,n,.f„r Pe.n.ilrani,, U.S A )
"*""'" '•'"^''^'•i!;;!f±!!.:V!^^-'^'<''f'- '?"'.■ >""K- an exj..,,ne„t. Hundred, of depleted trout

streams now restored t,; g.«.,l ^mdiVi.M 3 filled u^'thSV'stX'sir"'- ^"'^'7'" "

Jhe iiicreiwe in the catclM)f nhnil in Mlriuv; J •', ?'"''-'"'^ "f "'«t<K:kin

and Delaware. Ix-ar. « itne.Mo . U fie a ' L'dt^f, X .u-lH^'r.i '^""' ""Vf""""^^'. the SuH<,uha„na
"i<l.cates a future plentiful supply that «'illXa,!en iVs prict tlwdf '""I-W'tum of this delicious fish, an<l

to";?fJ:M'^'■"l'''■''J'^•''^""•'■•'''''i'^''''h^^^ hesitated t,.

to the preal jilantH of fry n that Lake l.v n„. i. .. i .'"""'''?''<« returns. Ihis result is direet v traceable

.StateXrd^iingon thelake. "' ^""'" ''^ "" '"'t^^^''™-" <'f IVnnsylvania and those of the nHghlKmrin;.

seasoX/ii;!:' irt«'';::it.!^ti::Sthe'r;d'^'"'T "t I^^'v r?'-' ^"- ""■ y-i-' "f any

<.ut fron. the Krie Ltcl e^ ,Vi ()()<Tw^) whit'X *'"" '^^ >'''"M' "' "■'"'^^''' "- l^,'i»»,0(M> fry were put

ian hatchery.

Thonh«V.-» ./'.:'' I, "'''''""'''' '■'y turned out from this one C.ina 1

Ihe above report tor the year 1890 is respectfully submitted.

SAMUEL WILMOT,

Superintendent of Fish Culture for Canada.

45

ilinon caught
i. 7 0Z8. The
iilmon to pass

(OH. * * *

iiidson, com-
atchery, Cold
Shooting and

FISH CU LTURE
1890.

.A.)

>f cie|)K<teH trotit

the SuMniihaiiim
licious hsh, and

where as late an
ed liesitated to
reetly traceable
le neiglilHiiiriiiK

lie yield of any
eat lakes, and

*d in g(KKl con-
rbliflhed by the
have effected a
itetish wuH very
he last biennial

N) fry were put
from the Canii-
planfed in the
ded, tliere will
hery.

lanada.

REPOETS FROM THE SEVERAL OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF FISH-
BREEDING ESTABLISHMENTS IN THE SEVERAL
PROVINCES OF CANADA FOR 1890.

. l.-FRASEK RIVER HATOJIERV.
Province of Rritisii Columbia.

REPORT OF Tl.E OFFICER IN CHARGE OF THE FBA8ER RIVER HATCIIERy FOR 1890.

I have the lionour to submit my seventh iinnual report of this hafohe.v
together with a statement of the fry .iistributed and e/^gs collected in 18fl0 ^ '

iTom the supply ot eggs collected in 1889, consisting of ;t23:],00U the followin.r

Ev'mmeJ?- '■'' ""' ''''^'^'"' "" ^^'"" ^'^^"^"^^'* °° *'^« dates aL a?£ praeef

December 17, 1880,— Eyed ova, Nanaimo River, Van-

couver's Island, near waggon bridge .jO() OOft

December 25, 1889,-Cowichan River, above railroad

bridge 'SOOOflO

February 1 1890,-Sent to" "experimental "hatchery^

Ottawa -inn .w.„

March 5, 1890,-Fry in Pitt Lake, half-way up'norlii '

Slue 800 000

March 27, 1890,-Coquitlam River, below 'a'p'.'R! '

bridge 3''0 000

March 31, 18!t0,— Pitt River, head of iake.".".'.'.".'".'.".".".'.'"'.' 480000

April 7, 1890,— Stave River, H miles up 640 000

'!" 1 ?■ J^^jJ— Harrison River, at foot of rapids 1,040,000

do 11, 1890— do <lo 1 l'>0000

do 17, 1890— Nicomekle River, Surroy ' 60000

I'' \^' ^on^~^'^^* ^"'^'^' li'i'*'-^\'a.y up on south side,.. . 570000

do 21, 1890— Sumas River, near the mouth 5lo!oOO

"^^^^^ f!i!!i^i??!!

."t" ^Ir"'*"- ''!^"' '^ '''''','*' "'stained from fish which were caught in traps at the
mouth of Morris C.'eek, where it flows into the Morris Lake. '

There were not any eggs or try received here from any othei- hatcherv in the

conSn experimental hatchery at Ottawa, which 1 learn reached in good

The ova which supplied the above number of fry were all obtained from one
species (O Nerka) or '• Suckeye," which are the principal commercial fish no v
caught in the waters of British Columbia. ^jju nsn now

46

Capture of Parent Fish and Collection of Ota

AH iiie OGHt 01 the Hcj'.'son was thon r)ji><Kfii .in,l <^.« « i i i n "'J^t'v-
lake into the mountain streams l^yond o^ eac^te td t rl? t!^^^^ f^'\'
ing on the Harrison River rapide to secure a SiX Sich wTi und n hf ^ '"

Condition of the Hatchery.
The hatchery is in good condition, the eggs are dointr much bettor th-.n ;„
previous seasons, the rate of mortality among the ova is mich ess inrithil

Repairs.
u.n«hTll''i!"lK ^t'T f'""''^ ''''''® "^ ''"*"■*' ''O'^t of paint outside, and the walls white

1 think It inadvisable to expend more money to increas,j the canariiv nf tl,<.
present hatcliery, as I am satistied that in a very shontime tho K- ^ n

i;:s=Srr£;:;3rsrs::=^ii^r^^

quantity which are being caugiit each season ^ ' "^ *''*^ enormous

wifh^hni'M'fH*'''*''''*'"^'""''^ ^t "T ''"*'^°" ^1^« *f«''''''^ Creek on Harris,,,, River
with but little more expense than for the erection of th^ ....;au«r,f „ "".^""'n ituei.

The good result frl the present ^^tche,.;"! as now Ce c ear^ifro^n'^^''-
the past two seasons' enormousVuns of fish in the FraserRiver ^ ^ '" ^™"'

ihesma 1 stieams around the Harrison, and other places where the frv h>.v«
been d.stnbu ed, were quite as thickly crowded with salmon as SvearwKliH.!

fhe <'4fr:i-"' r^ ''''''' ""^^.^^ ^'^«"'»'"'^ «"*1 ^owichan S v^s iSxm me t£t
the Suckeye salmon are appearing each season in increasing numbers

1 have the honour to be. Sir,

Your obedient servant,

THOS. MO WAT,

Officer in Charge.

don

fror
viz.

Rive
arrai

my e
rivei

kept
lowii
were

Margo
Miirga
L( iwfi'

Up) XT
8,VMIU'

Saliiio:

47

1 t!ie trap or
as usual, the

*ing til rough
the new pen

jorit3' of the
ur traps, and
need, ivhich
yi'ig Avith it
)wed all the
>re, we only
upply.
le out Of" the
rift-net fish-
to be a slow
Lsfactory, as
I's had to be
I'ge number
iind contine-
operations,
iiring in all

;tor than in
and they
-vere inime-
the supply
stripping of
1 only one
' flume, has

alls white-
be painted

city of the
vince will
25,000,000
are bound
enormous

son River.

years ago.
)ven from

' fry have
while the
1 me that

2.— SVDNKY HATCHERY.

Phuvince of Nov.v ScOTf.A.

KEPORT UK TIIK OFFICER I.\ CII.VROE OF THE SYD.NSY H.^TCIIEIIV Fnl, lSt>0.

,inn ^?'»r^ !'»ye the honour to submit herewith mv annual rep-rt upui, the work
done at this hatchery during the i)a.st year. '

Distribution of Frt/.

r.-,. ■^^^.*'V^'] '''l/"'''»«'' reports. I laid down in the hatching trou-hs 2 540 000 ova
from which 1,9.3,0(10 fry were hatched and distributed in the tVill-.^i'^'Zams;

Margaree River (Inverness Co.) -'OOOdO

Benacadia do (Capo Breton Co.) '. "io'oOO

I'm'T /'« ^« ■..'.' 350;000

BailsCreek do ^moOo

Trout Brook do i5„ooo

?''"•'', /'« Jo 100000

(T.andLake do i„o ^oo

iistrasonia River do 70 000

Salmon uo do .'.".'.'.■■.■.■."■.■■.'.■.■.■.■.■..■.■ lOo'ooO

reorges do do j^o „oo

Leitches Creek do 50000

McLean's Brook do 75 imO

Rory Brack's Brook do 7P,'oiin

Baddeck River (Victoria Co.) ..::;.:::::::::: i5S;o.lo

Middle do do 150 000

Grand do (Richmond Co.) """ 50000

Tier do do . [[[[ 50000

Hatchery Brook (Cape Breton Co.) '."."'' 3;j|oOO

^'^*''' 1,953,000

I regret not having been able to attend to the application for fry for the Mabou
River. T!ie application came too late, and to attend to it would upset all o her
arrangements The application called for 1,000,000 fry, which was more San half
my supply. I presume t meant 100,000, which I think Would be sufficient fr tin
river. Hereafter, I will make an allowance for that river of 50,000 or 100,000 fjy.

Collecting Parent Salmon and Eggs.

This fall I succeeded in securing a fair supp.y of parent salmon. These were
kept in good condition at the several fishing stations ti'll readv to spawn The foN

weTe"!ikt -^ "'' '"""'''' °'''^"''""" '""-''*' '^^'i '^' ^'^'•^"'"' i» whid. they

Naiin' of River.

Females.

Mul..

Total.

Margaree

Miirgaree Hiij Inlet ,
Lower Middle Kiver
I'^pper Middle River.

Nydiiey River

Salmon River

2(>
1
U
127
53
27

10
0

id

i(«

3(»

arge.

Total

342

1!>.5

31)
3
.SO
230
02
W2

437

Xo. of Ova.

100,000
20,000
(>0,0(K)
000,000
318,0<K)
120,000

1,218,000

48

rins was a moBt unfavourable season for tho catchin- of paront HhI. In the
early part of the s-^ason the rivers were very low. an.l s^ln.o, couM , t asce 1
althougn they wore reported as unusually plentiful in tho ti.ial waters lurfnr 1 ,'
month of Septemher. Then, durin;, the' month of Oetober it aSl heav iTa d
contumously, so that it was imp.,ssil.io to work the nets. This is p.u- ic 'larlv' tJue
of he Mar^rareo River. Salmon were reported very plenty in t an u^ E
Zs r/ "t '."''"'• 1" ^''\^>I'^''- ^^^'''^"" River, wh/ro 'nets ^couid le o kei ..me
thYsv n Z%- ^""^/'bove he average. The few .lays that nets c-oul.l bo handle In
the Sydney Kiver the cat.h was better than ever before. In all the rivers nerat.d
on the salmon were more plentiful than for some years baik, bu V^," ,^ ^^on f
the heavy rains we couhi not catch them. reason oi

Condition of the Hatchery.

wo, Jof- r«T."f.- ''"'^'*'°'?- ''^1^'' »J"tchery is good. This fall the floor and bottom
woik of the building was toured to bo in such bad condition that it could noHo
repaired. A the bottom work had to be taken out and replaced by new ma erial
fl"'oor h^rrr'''. considerable labour and expense. New s'.^lls, tril^e.!, o ce and
floor had to be put in; also, the posts were considerably decayed and had to bo ?n
up as high as the w ndow sills. On one side new rough boa^rds ,ad to be put on
outside and inside 3 feet high, and the same shingled o"n the outsi le and he' n ide
wanscotted. The bui ding is good now for eight or ten years more without anv
further repairs. It will, however, require painting, whici: will cost aC 880 S
the outsiue and §40 for the hatching room inside. *

Increase of Salmon.

The beneficial results arising from the operations of this hatchery are becominif
more apparent every year. The early run of salmon in the Mira Eivo this se™ on
was tar above the ave^-ago. The few fishermen there, thou^^h poorHm ipDoTdk
better than for years past. Mr. Robertson, while engaged AuiK bSe o

.ofor J.^r ""'T' ''r'''' ^"V"^ ^^«" ""'••^ «•*''"«" ^'•""g around t ere tl Sve
before; so much so, he siys, that some of the inhab/tants decided to furnish them-
selves with nets for the coming season. Mr. Grantymire, of Little Bras d"or Rj^eJ
reports having seen shoals of salmon of a very small and uniform size, and in numbers
never seen there before. Mr. George Munroe reports the same of thrSaree
Mrjohn BrL'n"?.t r" p" Tn^^ />cca8ion8 about the Margareo Harbour bdZ
M . John Brown at Big Pond Cranberry (entrance of the Sydney River) took 75
salmon in three days all weighing from 9 to 11 lbs., and in the one L"k scored 100
I am informed that the Mira fishermen are very poorly equipped some of them fish
ing with only the half of an old net, none of th^ii having^n^ShiligTke pr^pe w
This IS true of many of our salmon fishermen, but I undlrstaud tlfoy are^ to prepare
themselves be ter for the coming season. The work of this hatchery is only beSu
ning to show Itself. Some men are very slow in giving credit to imTnSlJon of
this kind, especially when they look upon it iis experimental. Most "f these men
Sing'riirlflfsw^r *"' '''' -^^^^''^'--'was built, and look l^^ iT!"
Land-locked salmon could be very suitably planted in some of our lakes. There
1 a chain of akes near Margaree, called Lake*^ Law, which I think would be most
vi h tl'/r K-f '"• ?'^''" gentlemen from the States, who are thoroughly acquainted
with the habits and requirement of these fish, pronounce these lakes suitable A
present these lakes are practically useless, as far as yielding any kind of fish is con
corned. If stocked with land-locked salmon they would become of groat value

I have the honour to be, Sir,

Your obedient servant,

C. A. FARQUHARSON.
Officer in Charge.

jn

HmIi. In tlie
not UHceiuJ,
•8 iluring the
heavily aiui
iciilarly true
tar^'aive. but
■orkod, ^omo
0 haniJIcJ in
ors operiitod
ho reason of

' and bottom
ould not bo
)w material,
••8, joice and
ad to bo cut,
o bo put on
d the inHJde
vithout anv
)out 880 foV

•e becoming
this season
nipped, did
a bridge on
0 than ever
rnish theni-
I'Or River,
in numbei'.s
8 Margaree
our bridge.
er) took 75
scored 100.
' them flsh-
roper geiii-.
to prepare
>nly begiu-
ititution of
these men
upon it as

Bs. There
Id be most
U'quainted
table. At
■ish is con-
•nlue.

)N.

harge.

3.-BEDF0RD HATCHERY.
Phovi.vce op Nova Scotia.

REPonx OK THE oPKrCKR IX c.UROE OP TUB BEDPonO HATCI.ERV

hatchc?ir;iuH:rthe;l;s;;"ar'" "'"""'^ "^ ''''''-•^ "P- ^^^ operations at this
obtaf r- .telnM;: e ^^iil^T^riai^S^ll^iX .-i<ying resets were

th^Uying au.i,i„.^ hat.herie. the t^r^^^r!:^ ^^Z't^T^l^J-^:^

2,ooo%rt K.'St7Eit^:i zT:i:'str'' r: ^ ^^'"^" "- — -

of 400,000 salmon tr<.ut un,l 1> 0( 0 ) vU tofi?h . ''"^hories a further supply
here mild and open weather e? n 1 Ju evLfeno.. of h f?-'^^' ."*''"" '^'''' '"'^iv^i'
deemed it advisable to convey ?h "^ ntendo.r hr vJ" ;'''"^^^•'^ *'' '^ppoav, I
hatcheries as early as possible '"tended for remote points to the smaller

<ustr?;;;;^:;;;;t,l;;r;hrE:lt:;het;^'^^ ^-^' ^"« ---'-tehed ova were

Tuskot Hatcherv .. ^ialnnm Tr.,Mt. .Salmon.

Kempt do ' "^O'^^OO 70.000

Shelburne do f'^*^^^ 150,000

Lochaber do ^^>^^^ 90.000

Kentville do '^^-OOO 110,000

Sheet Harbor JlatclVerv ^^'^^^

, . , ' • 120,000

able loss took place. t-xcoption, that at Shelburne, where consider-

and were chstr buted among lakes adjacent tjJhe halchVJy as foilow's'"'''"' '"'•'^'

Round Hdl Lakes, Annapolis County ^' o!;~

Aylesford do Kin-'s dn 250,000

Grand do Halffax do P'^^^

Sandy do do do ^^^'^^^

Williams' do do . do ^^^'^^^

Musquodoboit River, Halifax County ,. .„„

NineMde do do do '^^'^^^

Little Salmon do do do -10,000

Pennant do do ,'o -10,000

Salmon do Colchester dc .' f^'^!^^

Stewiacke do do do 40,000

Wallace do Cumberland County.:.:.'.';:.' tn'T,

Phihp do do do 80,000

West do Pictou do ^^'^^<^

East do do Z 40,000

4 "" 40,000

50

Middle

River, Pictou

Gaspereaii

do

King's

Cornwall i>

do

<lo

La Have

do

Lunenlniiy

(Jokl

do

do

Mid.ik"

do

do

East

do

do

Aiinapoli>

do

AnnapoJiri

Round Hilir

do

d.5

Boar

do

Diirbv

Konnitcoolc

do

Ilantis

Tantramar

dv

Westnioiclai

County 4(1,000

do 40,000

do 40,000

•l<) 40,000

do L'0,000

do 20.000

"1" 40,000

do 40,000

do 20,000

do 40,000

do 40.000

d do N.B 40^000

Total !>00,000

Total Distribution from Bedford Hatcherij, 1890.

Salmon fry 900,000

Salmon trout try 130 „oo

^Vhitobshtry 2,000,000

Sal. 'rroiit

Eyed ova sent to Kempt 50,000

do do Shelburne .... 50,000

TusUet 40,000

Lochaber 40,000

Kciitville .... 00,000

do

do

do

do

do

do

tlo

do

Saliiiiui.

150,000 200,000

ItO.OOO 140,000

70,000 110,000

150,000 190,00(»

•50,000

Sheet Harbor 120,000 120,000

Grand total.

3,850,000

Throughout the whole of this distribution the most perfect success was met
with, no loss whatever having' occurred, notwithstanding, in some instances hms and
tedious journeys over abominable roads -.veie undertaken in order to reach the most
suitable points on the livers at which to deposit the young fry.

It will be seen that this distribution extended over the whole of this Province
proper, and that every river considered suitable for stocking and could be reached
with safety to the young fry received its quota.

The subsidiary hatcheries, of which there are now six in this Province, enable me
to reach the most remote points, and many excellent rivers that formerly were
beyond my scope are now receiving substantial aid from these points. Further
numcious lakes, quite in the interior, and far removed from all railway or steam
communication, are being stocked with large numbers of salmon trout and white-
fish. The wisdom of this attempt on the part of your Department to introduce
these fish into the lakes of this Province, with the view of endeavouring to create an
extensive inland tisliery, is being gratefully received and acknowledged by all who
are at all interested, or give the matter due consideration; and their confidence in
the results of the experiment is shown by the increaFing demands for these fish with
which to stock the lakes in different localities. Fortunately, these demands can be
complied with, as the full hatching capacity of this hatchery, or of the auxiliary
hatcheries, has not yet been reached, and without reducing the plantings in those
lakes already upon my list (which is not at all advisable), other waters can be em-
braced, by the addition of more small hatcheries, and the receipt of larger shipments
of these ova from the Ontario nurseries in future.

The erection of some additional small hatcheries in the counties of Lunenburg
Guysboro', Digby, Annapolis, and the erection of a more permanent one at Sbelburne'

:.i

Olio
000
,000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000

[lOO

)00
100
)00

)00
)00
)00
)0O

100
)00

100

)88 was met
es, long and
3h the most

is Province
be reached

), enable me
nerly wei-e
Further,
\y or steam
and whito-
) introduce
o create an
by all who
)nfidence in
se fish with
mds can be
e auxiliary
gs in those
can be em-
• shipments

junenburg,
Sbelburne,

j;oi^ult:r^iirs.;;S''^;;r!.^'i^[^ '^ ox.nd the ^eid of

very fine sUoan.s and lakes il. thos^o cmml/es '' '""'''" '"" '" '''''^ «""i«

in this";K.tc!^r;:;5i,:r;?"e?: ^^i:;:^:' r-''?r;' '^^■'r'""-' - ••— ^^^

increase of fi>h. Mimciontl> atlect and (urther materially the

HtudiSti;:;2n:n'i;l;;"|:u:;;:;;;;?c'/;^ .w.prei;uii.ed person who has

that fishery from 1870 to 1881 show. 7h-it nn „ ".'""^"v ' ^*' <ontmual decline in
was insufficient to prevent the v^U^.um^ Znl^\ '11 """"'"' r"<'"'fi"n ofsalmon
apparent that had no nu-ans been inn h.co 1 o „ ,. i'"/;""' ^=''"''' ""'l '^ '« "'««
fry that this i,'radual depletion wo, 1^^^ vT^ ^ pro-luction of young

exhansfod '^ nt],iction would ha\o continued until tho supply was entirely

In undertaking
of past yean
West R
so. On th
cuti

Collection of Ova.

August, and enailed the greater portion otSe.m.tV^r^' T^ ''^bets sot in in
and previous to my comme,H.in7ope..alions ""''' *'"' "^■°^' "* *''"* ti™«,

abouutn^^f'S^pjSr^lll'Xr'S !i^''i:?S -;'- stream each year on or
catches were made This ^.sn th onn^y' "'' ^ conditions wore met with large

securing but 57 saimJ';iis:i;"t^cS:;:"i:;^n-r:f^^^^^^ -^' --'^«d -

catcl^^ia^uri^fislJiraSn^tt^::??^!^ editions were experienced, and the

and;^;;^':I.::L^;iSdin:i;;Sti:f:;;w"''P']; £^T^ ^aHaceEiver.
through the acts of some intc^X nersons'llv ^^^^^^ I'ut unfortunately

mitted to collect the ova tS fis^ X ' ^'iTVi^ 'ver, I was not perl
which crosses this river at the hencl of ti do :,^n,f «"d below Hhinduss' dam,

moored in the pond. J,, this ta rlere c.^.H^, i -'/' /fl'^T"^ '" '' ^^'""^ «r cree
ever taken in this lV.,vincran f orn vhic'h ov^^^^^ ,"'/ '*'" ^''"-''^ ««!'"«" I have
particulars of the raid n.ade no te t i! and^ he dl' f'"'T ^i^'?^^ "^■"- ^he
and carrying away of the H«!^ 'having I'n^leadyrepof^^^^ appliances,

will be unnecessarv to reneat thpm hA,... rpu i -^ leporied to the Department, it

of the fishing season a fwrcoientlv Zh ''j'^' "^t "^^"'■''^'^ "* ^he end
further fishing. consequently unable to make good this loss by

The result of my etlbrts to obtain a stock of ovi for thU .„n. -
was most unsatislactorv and di^coura-nn.r .n, i L?i *'^''/or.""« reason s operations
more certain means mu«t be 1, tedfn tutu e for tVi"'", n ^' ^''"tl^^^" ^at s.me
may be introduced, its most esseitial r nc nle mus h . f T"^' ^^^atever system
on such a basis that it will no 1 Wr K^^
depredations of the fishermen livi f alon.^ h« ".f,-!,..^ ignorant nrejudices and

But two plans present themseve^to'moft?^*^ t "^T "^P"" '^^'''^ ^^« ^Perate.
J I .._nc rntmseives to moat present-either buy the fish from the ret

^

52

flHhortnen ilurinj,' tho lawful fiHhin<,' nouhoii, and constnu-t Hiilt-wiitor ponds in which
to oohtine them until romly to spawn, or locate tho works on streams upon which
thero are no inhahitants aliovo tho head of tide.

Ah this question will ho tho suhjoct (.f eorroMpondonce with your Department
during tho present season, it will ho unnecessary to further allude to it now. Tho
nuniher offish socurod and ova ohtainod was as follows:

( (vii ()l)tninc(l.

Musquodohoit Kiver, 2:5 males, 34 females 340 000

West Kiver, 4 do t> do co',000

Wallace iliver, 21 do 33 do Xil.

making a total of 48 males and 73 females, from which I obtained 400 000 ova
This constitutes the full extent of the stock, ami is not one-fourth of the capacity of
the hatchinjr troughs. 1 (rust the deficiency may he made up by tho receipt of a
large supply of salmon trout and whitotish from the Ontario hatcheries.

Wafer Supply.

Since tho change in tho arrangement of the hatchery troughs in this hatchery
and the substitution of 32 troughs placed transversely in the building for tho 14
troughs placed lengthwise, tho water supply has been quite inadequate for tho
hatching and nursing of a large stock of ova. Eoprestuitations to this effect having
been made to your Department, [ was permitted during the past .seascm to replace
the old C-inch pipe by one of 8-inch, and now haye an abundant supply of water.

Jiepairs.

Some repairs of a light extent will be required next season. Some leaks in the
roof are beginning to show themselves, and should be attended to at once, either by
painting the shingles with two coats of some mineral paint, or patching. Painting, I
think, is preferable to patching, as the paint will preserve the shingles, and it is said
it will make them last ten or twelve years longer. New eave-troughs will also be
required, the old wooden ones being now very much decayed and broken awuy.
Some decay is taking place in the foundation of tho partition separating tho hatching
room from the dwelling rooms, and should be attended to next summer. These
repairs, with painting the interior of tho hatching room, is about all the expenditure
required this year.

I have the honour to be, Sir,

Your obedient servant,

A. B. WILMOT.

Officer in Charge.

Dunk River ha(chery, P. E. Island, was not in operation in 1890.

5.— ST. JOHN RIVER HATCHERY.
Province of New Brunswick,
report op the officer in charge op the st. john river hatchery, 1890.

Sir,— I have the honour to transmit herewith my report in connection with the
operations at the St. John Rivgr hatchery for the yenr 1890.

In the fall of 1889 there were no native fish ova laid down in this house, as the
attempt to capture parent salmon on the Tobiquo River proved a complete I'ailure ;
neither has there been any fish eggs laid down this season. No effort was made
to gather them, although there was a fair prospect of getting quite a number offish
if it had been so desired. The run of salmon on tho Tobique was fairly good; the
lessees had them well protected ; ten special guardians were employed all summer

S8

fls in which
upon whit'h

Do|mrtmont
t now. Tho

000
000
il.

100,000 ova.

) ciipiicity of

receipt of n

lis halchory
; lor tlio U
late for the
tfect having
1 to replace
f water.

leaks in the
so, either by
Painting, [
nd it in Huid
will also be
'oken awuy.
ho hatching
ler. These
sxponditure

Charge.

Y, 1890.
on with the

)U8e, as the
ete failure ;

was made
iber of fish,

good ; the
til summer.

S nT.IU^Tl-TriK ?• '''"' '""'^•"1 ^"■''">' •"■"'"• """"• '" '"•''«'• <" «»«'•'! tho river day

e^ .;;; ,h.. To,.,, or s.p.^i;:r;;;-;.: ::;:;:t;^; tsr ;^;;':£r 3

trout egg^ in a so. i I, , H,. in., . ' " H'"""*'""" "' ••'"'l-itoflsl, and salnuMi

2,b00,000\vhitoHHh .l''^' ;^:'^;i^ ».-^<'f.<"'<» -.hnoM ,r.H,t.

thofonai d oftl.ol i '" "■''^'".'•^"•!".^'^"'. "'"I continued to d,. well dur n "

Whifefish.

Magaguaiiavic Lake, York Co

Uaivoy Lake, do
Oroni()cto Lake, do "!!.!]
Lakeville, C'arlelon Co

70(»,(»0(i
700,000

;{(»o,ooo
;joo,ooo

2,000,000

00,000

Salmon Trout Fni.

Williuinstown Lake, Carleton Co

Jones Lake, Carlefon County 10,, ....n

Oromocto Lake, York do' i^ 2

Harvey Lake, d.. do :..:;. ,; »

M:igaguadayic Lake, York Countv "■" "^^(m

,IH)0
00,000
60,000
60,000

, 60,000

V*^ 20,000

,,. .^ '['»;'"• J^'ike, York County n(.\

Chamcook Lake, Charlotte do . Z\

Foster Lake, do do .. "•

do

do

do

ileadow Lake, Victoria

Portage Lake, do

Long Lake, do

Frasers Pond, do

Byrams Pond, do do

Several private parties, Victoria C

40,000

ooN erai private parties, Victoria County , n on

Turned out at Hatchery ' ;;:::;:::::::: ,52

c. c- , ., 1,000,00(»

oea tialmon Fry. =====

t-er, Charlotte County i-)nno

Toby Guzzle, do do ^ ...:..::: "■; ^^:X,

St. Croix Riv

Lake Utopea, do

Magaguadavie River, York
Tobique River, Victoria
Salmon River do
St. Fohn River do

"" ■ 72,000

'*° 36,000

32,000
90,000
60,000
60,000

do
do
do
do

482,000

M

Sjieckled Trout Fry,

Skirt LiiUf, York t'ouiity. ... ,; you

Toliy (tuzzio (|.) ' [[ 4|oyQ

10,000

Rera/'itulittion.

Wliitorisli plurito"! the pi-fserit yenr li.oOO.OOO

.Soii.sulniun do ^\„ ' 482 000

Siilmon trout ,|., ,lo 1,000,000

hpt'C'kk'd trout do rin 10,0((0

Total Muiubcr ;{ 4112 000

h\ making thealxno dininbution I took ii dirtcroiit metho.l of tranHportitiL' tliem
iron) the nurHfiy from the one I fornerlv purHiiod. ilcrt'tofi.io, wo would Htart with
eight or ton cans of fry at ono tinio. This l.rongl.t uh in onntinual .ontaot with tho
l»aggaj,'o-inaHters on the trains, on account of tho i^rcat wpaoe wo oo.iipied and then
we could only mako ono trip overy two or throo days. Tho pant season I sont one of

my sons wit^' "'^ '■•'"■ " - = - - -' ■ > ■ ..

consequent I
mesBengot
away <
opporl

Repairs to Hatchery,

Before I got the fry all out tho floor of tho hatching room l.cgan to break down
«n( 1 found it necessary to securo the sorvioos of a eaiponter to examine the floor
and report what repairs ho oonsiderod nooossarv to put tho house in i)ropor order
I roportod to the Supcrintondent of Fish Culture" tho result of tho oxammation, speci-
fying the repairti re(iuirc<l ami tho quantity (,f lumber needed, when I got orders to
ask lor tender. I did so. and tho contract was awarded to Albert Dixon, who did tho
work to my entire satisfaction. Hoyond this contract, other repairs were made
Ihoro are several other repairs that will have to bo made next season, such as paint-
ing whitewashing, and some little plastering, especiallv in the hatching room, office
and hall. In all other respects the house is in good order.

It is very much to bo regretted that the Department cannot arrive at some
definite conclusion whereby this nursery can be supplied with salmon eggs every
autumn without depending upon the other hat<dieries for a supply everv year
ospecia.ly when tho facilities this hatchery has tor the work are so great: It is
fully equipped with all the necessary apparatus, with a good supply of pure water
tlie whole year rouivK and having easy access to and from it by a railway station
almost at the door. Tho whitefish and salmon trout liatched here are beginning to
show up in some of our waters ; some very tine specimens have been taken from
some of the lakes the past year, i^iite a quantity of very nice whiteflsh were caught
m the Uromocto Lake the past autumn ; this kind of flsh was never known to inhabit
that lake before. Ihe residents there are unanimous in their opinion that they are
the result of the whitefish fry planted in the lake about three years ago. Some nice
salmon trout were taken in Chamcook, Skiff and Willi».mstown lakes,' and there can
bo no doubt but that these fish are abundant in several of these lakes where I planted
them three or four years ago, but many of the lakes are controlled by clubs or pri-
rate owners, and they will not allow any person to fish therein except with lhe%v
and It IS a well-known fact that this class of fish cannot be taken that way Sotne

AS

hftvo boon CHu«l,f l.y „t|,or purtirH in n MirroptltiouH .n.in.ier hut thor will nof xvill
iriKlyKiv.. any infonnation uhout thoiu ai I'uHt nut imiI liHv \ ' 'l? /•
proHcut.! fo,. poaching in .'hurnouok I..,.. tlVr puhI lo'rt. ' ' '^ ''"" ''"'"•'"' '''"'

I liavo tht' honour to bf, Sir,

Voiir ohi'dit'iit HiTvant,

C'lIAS. MoCM'SKKV,

UrHcer lit Vharije.

6.-.MH{A.MI(|II irATCIIKlJV.

ritoVINCE OK XkW BhINSWICK.
HEPOHT UK THE UKKI.EU IV niAKOE oK n.E MlHA.MIlHl llATrilEKV 18!»()

tIonl^?^,;ir::;;ll!(i^,::;!;t.;h^ "^"" the operations in connoc.

t r. rmr.nt ,.,; ^ ^'"'' ""r' "^ "'*'" "^^ ■" '•'« 'mn^portatio,, of ll.o fry to

ti.e .l.tteit-nt ph.nl.n- grounds upon the head waters of tlie Miramichi.

Bi.itribution of Fry.

V>J^:X-~ '•"'''""' '""'"'^' ''•^' '^'^^"^••"^•^ - '"■• "I- '1- .bllowing streams as

North-WoHt Miniiiiiclii inn nnn

Stony Hrooit *9HJ

Little south.weHtMiramichi.'.'.'.'z::::;:.:; .is

Sfvoglo Uiver '\l^;^ I

Main South.West Rivr . . ; ^m

Stewart's Brook '"■;."!""!!!!!;!;!;;.;;;;;: ''^mlo

^'^^"' 1,022,000

niirsm'v"'''n"" '" ^'"'''' "*'''''' ^'7' ^ ''"^••"■'•''^' -^^.OOO eyed e^rtr.sfrom the RoHtijrouche
N<.rth.\Vost Miramichi ,„ nnn

«^"">'«-"^ :::;:;::::;;:::;;::::::::•: jS

^•'^"' 40,000

in n^}''""^!!r^^^^^^^^ this hatchery ■

Repairs.

uemyeu until alter the stock of ova was gathered The total post nf -h n.,i;r^„ t^I

roof nmouiited to ab"!!^ iRinf! Th^ H«r>T i /.•..- <"^'^'' »' ■"'hinglinK the

!.-- I. nu.n. ,..iwy_ ihe dam><, j.oads and bui dmgs are now all in good

56

Collecting Egys, 1890.

l)revbu9vea.!'''Tif ""^'"^ parent .salmon was not as successful this season as the

lail ihSwato LTl ""' ''"' *" ""^ '^r''"^ ''f *^«''' b"t on account of The pe!
season T ,.n 1 ■ *''^.f'«''«"nen were unable to use thei.' nets until very late in the

the haiehe V th. r„ "' ^'" '"'■^"'^'^' *" ^^''''"^ '^ ^"ffi«'«»t number to fulvsupSlv

The total number of fish jinioimtorl tn Kt'v rru ^ •

from three different br lu hon nf t i Ar ?• These parent salmon were taken

SouthAV'est £m"ieI^80 Liuie i^.»f w'"^^ ''''■ \ ^'^''t'l-Wo^t Mi.'amichi, 73;
females captured" mounted to 11 ^""^''•^^^^t M.rarniclii, 42. The total number of

snow and ice When silnZ dLn u^ h • ' ?' '^'"''"^ ^^^ "^'^ «-^P"««J to frosts,

was ^that time. m/lCl^lf-ursr^gSr';!^^';;^:!^^'^^^ ^'^ ^-*-

shoJnta,fa!e?a";';:;,bou?M^^^^ 'T "V ^^-^'^^ ™'>ted to 810,000,

taken fVom each t%maled7rn;?he fas th;..o"''''^ the avcra^^e number of eggs
increased f,-om 5,530 in ISsT to 7 4oSl ' ^'"''' '/ '^1' .''*^ .^"*^" ^'^^^ ^he numSer

to the conclusion timt he frV whicrhte beerf^t h.? '''' '? "^^' ?""""' ?'''"'«
Eestigouche salmon which iro nf . ^n, i^ been hatched here from the eggs of the
are showing so e "^od re uit?fiomTh« ni"'^^^^^ family than the 3iiramichi salmon,
salmon whR.h are nC toTe fbundTn thii x'r.'""'"™^"^^ ^'^^^' '""^'^ '^^'S"'

I have the honour to be. Sir,

Your obedient servant,

ISAAC SHEASGEEEN,

Officer in Charge,

Cn\tf""KmXXl^LV^^^ \' »'^^ ^"^•^«- of " Artificial

which this report is appo£. '"''"'^ '" ''^' ^'^"^'•''^' '•^P«^'^ «» ^^^^h Culture, to

7.-RESTIG0UCHE HATCHERY.

Province of Quebec.

REPORT OP THE OFFICER I.V CHARGE OF THE RESTIG..UCHE HATCHERV 1890

67

incuiTod, no
necessary to

Jason as the
of the pre-
' late in the
'ully supply
: as Jong as
ther caused

were taken
imichi, 73 ;

number of

water had
was practi-
rming with
advantage,
lie ova that

they were
d to frosts,
treams are
er of being

if the tish
lit, such as
3 their ova
se streams

the water

o 810,000,
)er of eggs
le number
:on, points
ggs of the
li salmon,
ich larger

large.

Artificial
ulture, to

1890.
)nnection

^,£Susrsss=-s'^s--^^^^^

Kedgwick River

Main Restigouche, from Indian ilmVso" to' ■iie-igwick'
Main River, from hatcherv to Indian IIo„sc ^
bpsalquitch River above the Great Falls.

200,000
400,000
500,000

-,.^„..^„ .v.. iw,i;i ciiiuvo uie ureat l<al s '{00 nnn

Mateped.a River, includinu' l-tko ^Jx"

^epis.quit River, Buthurst , t2'Z

Middle do

3Iiramichi do
Caraquet do
.1 acq net do
Pond at hatcherv

do

00,000

100,00(»

TO.O(H)

100,0(10

.j,00()

4,00(1

^*^^"'^>' -:{9o,ooo

The above numbers of fix woro 'ill nl-mtn,! ;., <i „ , •

Independent of this numbiM- of f,-x- '-.nn mm • i . i ■

transferred to St. John R ver I chcrx- l-/ k "!'"'''''';'^^^^^ "' •'"^■"^* ^-^''^ ^^«'"«

benefit anTimiiu- otthowiBri I .'''■' "T'T "" «"P™.i«<li»d |i«™.n, of tl.e

Government Xet at Island.
Net at Island

M-^ . OOfi

ission Point "-"

Pitt's Creek ".'.".'.'.*.".'.. " }^

Purchased from Mr. Adams".\".'."'.\\\\;;"";;;;"; ■■;;••;• • ^J

Total.

319

1,800,000 eiBi The»ewer,.nn,^ A,l „.!,!. 1 ■ ,1 .' ''°'f'"'"''''!''l'"''="=""Ml«<l

by .ciw. ^ .^:^lSt^^;^r:'^:'y:'!:^^r^ «•, .b„ h„tche,.v

About „ d„.e„ fl,b <Ued a„e,. they wore pl:.te?i„ 'r^SkiS,^^,";!',:.!'^!^-

58

escaping through the nets below. There were ulsn « f«„r « u * , ^ •

drowne, These and all ti,h tha cl.tl' n,l were m fm Z,?'^ Wangled in the nets and

and credited to the Depaitn.ent "'^'^ "'•^'■" «°"^ ^^ the dealer^i

orterii;^tl"r;i.n^ti:^:;K™^em''rU^^^^^^ "-0 «a.mon to u, although
net creating a wall, and tJZXofTatl^rC^^^^^^^ '"e^h

scared aiu will not enter thp tmnl- ..,1 „ t»">»gh the small meshes, the lish iret
per cent, less when ui.gtLsSlV mesh "S'"/^ ''V' "^".^'^ «"^ '^''^' '^'^tchVo
Adams discontinued givi^lg .fnyrll-'Stnt'sSm''' '''' ^" ''"^^' ^^^l"'"^' ^^'••

tanks. t-SsSc^iij^f^^ :s!^';"^Lh:;r""^r'^ ^'^^'^^^'^^^'^ -" ^-ays,

a tirst-class condition for the reception o the of wfVf'ir^^^ ^^^'-^i"

12 X 30 feet, was erected at the 3 e. i of tl.« h,:! ^ ^'r^l •' "''"' ^ "^"^ ^oat house,
for boat and store house. A .^w floo vv^s^^ fj^'' 7'" ^e used in genera

cases were obtained; the old Smarv W hl-h., k"* = ^^'^'"" newdistrfbuting
was taken down, and the mateHaTisifo^a tin f^^^^^ V'''."^' •'""''■"^' ''« »^ef»lnes!
road This old nursery has lie o o !^^ the 'S?."l''l"' ''' l.^"""J'"'*^« «" ^^e public

goucheRiverwlKUitnowis.rSeh oneot firHl^^^^ f *"'■•"* i" '""'^''"fe' the Wi-
of America. ' ^ ' ""*" "* "'*' t^"e«t salmon rivers on the continent

Bepairs to Hatchery for 180]

l.e paintoJ. ,„„| li, cei ins , S, C Li ,, , fi *" ?' ? ' I'"""' *''- "'■■■ «''°"l''
the hm.» .ufficicnllv warn „ f ro t „r» hi .""r l'''i«;"'«l. '" "■'Jor to make

^Ae Retaining Pond at Hatchery

the pond adozon or more ^',1'^',';'^'^^ r^;'' '';''' ''^^^^

tion found ,hey were just about t i e . ''of tKhlr " n n ' ''^°'?' '"'^ "" ^■^''*'"'"'^-
ppuwon it would be a veiy unsafe ami evnin ! < ^ ""'• ^ "™ ♦^™b' of the

ber of salmon fry ihrouo-j^ t e w^n e seaC 1?' k'"^'*'-'"^^ '" '•"'"^" « '"'i'« »"'»-
to contend with.' However, I nn here mentio tb-u tT' I **« '""^V-'o^t and floods
are anxious that somethin-- of this \dnd In . n ^''^ Restigouche Salmon Club

themslves; they have x^ s it,b ol I'n f.^'-""' ^"^' *""^' «f "taking the trial

pure stream of water to s p,r;t\f^ Metapedia, and a

them there till a year old, Y ^ Id sC^s th/.t h n''"^' ^'" '"'''"*'^' *« construct
that purpose. ^»*''* *^"^ 'he Department supply the fry for

Net at Mission Point.

i»o^^^s^:^i;t^^,i-;,s-^-,fx:eri^:^j-sc??-r-

Government Xet at Pitt's Creek.

river and nearer to the reservoir Thi. Ill ' another net higher up on the

It has always been the o ^niiH old 5 hermrth':lf fi^S""'*' '^'' ^^'^ of i^ugust.
the above date, but betlveen the 8.1 AS^mv t£ ^"n ft^' *^' ^'^•^^''"^'^

October; second, that it U^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^Z^^S^^ ^^JS^^i

59

n the nets and
0 the dealer*

us, although
0 small mewh
, the fish get
beir catch 50
sceplin^ Mr.

T; all trays,
, and were in
r boat house,
}d in gonei'al
distributing
s usefulness
>n the public
? the Resti-
le continent

tirst coat is

&c., should

ler to make

about 8200.

n the brook
frj' put in
so, as qnite
brown into
II examina-
mly of the
large num-
and floods
Imon Club
g the trial
Jdia, and a
I construct
;he fry for

I a failure^
' place.

le Mission
up on the
f August,
'iver after
0 30 fish
Its: first,
Jayto Ist
ng parent

e reser-
we can

Repairs to Nets and lieser coirs, 18!tl
reservofr wni TequhTltrf'w "LS '^T^'' ""' "^'^''T ""^'^''-' ^^ -^•- The

six hundred nJ::^^^c:^::l;^ ^r "^"'"^' ""' '-' "••

Condition of River Catch of Fish icith Fl,j and Nets for 1890

drift log. and d^E of "l lind tlf "'''\P'T'^-''i' '""!"«'"- ''°^" thousands of

the anglinj Sies killit as S! Tm^V^- ^."''T "" '''' K^-^tigoucho, some of

often tJken Cy one ind "Sua infd u- M^ t'V'" ' T'n "'.' ''■^^' '" '*>" "^'^ '''''
pool at Deesuln .V.« r"M> T k "^ * , ^' ' *'• M^o^^^it killed nine fish on a small

on the lis The eTa^dfuns il ''' ^'^'^f" >y an,i,'lors with the flylhis season

everv innh r.^, . luerhas become one continuous itool so to sneak^

Tatiie'tdlhrmanV mSm^n^^ Z^'S^t'^'^'^'^"^", ^''T ^'y''^^ "'"''«
last ten or twelve ^ei"s be crpHifpfl f^^/'^f .l^"^'® bee" p anted from it annually the

most gratifyi,;i':t:ue of tff'Ir'f " "' '''"'' ' '""" ^''"'•*' "^' '^'•'"^■'»^' "l^"^" *^'i«

receiving": lut^^^V' SvVom tb'i'R '*?''' ".^'"•.!P'^''' ^ ''^'^'^^ ^^h« ''«^« "^^^n
Miramichi an^fE Ne, feinue^ iivei' 'f «"r'^' ^"'f^'^ ^"'" ''^'^ ^^««'^'"^^' '•*" ^^^

le.^' O.V? .ult if th^e^L^-^i: ^^^^l^nouS^o-^'-noiJ S Sd

HateJ:^aSrdL[l.SS

1 have the honour to be. Sir,

Youi- obedient servant,

ALEX. MOWAT,
Officer in Charge.

• The letters referred to alx.v. .i„ ,. ,„„., ,. ,„;, ,,,,.„ ,„„,^,. .. ,„^^,^^^ , ^,. ,^ ^^,^^_^.^^,. _^^^^ ^^

60

8.— GASPE HATCHERY.
Province ov Quebec.
REPORT OF T,iE mncm i.v cic.vroe of the uasp£ hatcherv

18!t0.

hatc^;;^!,^;;5;U";S\i'^"""«> -port or operation. co„„eoto.l with the abov,
Work in Dartmoiilh ilive

St. John River

York Jiiver. ^''^-OOO

^ ; ;■,■ ; 100,000

Dartmouth Rivor | ^^H"^'<^ t''" *''"« iOO 000

1 Belon- ti.e tails 170,000

^"'''' ~mm

more from William Starnev"nt'u.rp!;r/^'t'''''''?'"" ^? in^trtTctions, 1 purchased 2.^
the pier, the.o ,S3 fi..rwe ' foun to c ul J'-'m ,)"' *' ."^^'V '?'^" ^'"^<^" ^^om
ing continue.] trom 8th 0(>tol)er to "n Si 1 ""' f ".'' ^^ iomtiles. The spawn-
ibllows :- '"®' ^"^ -"^' November, and the 50 females produced as

20 avd'ayinir 14,000..

20 do' ' 13000. -^'«'000

10 do isOiio -'60,000

80,000

Total —

H20,000

tu« 'aHiS'iii 'rr'r„r h's; ■"S"' '"7°^" «""^^- «o cap.

there »•.« eon^kleiable Bcaro^v ",!. ...u J i ",'*•' "> "'« '!"«"«»» or tlie seiwiii

10 temales, averaijin!,' i^nnr. ,„

10 do do ^^'^^^ = 1"0,000

5 do dJ 16,000 = 160,000

HOOO = 70,000

Total — —

400,000

61

, 18!t0.

'ith the nbove

preparations
ler necessary
'seqiiontly tlie
ioi' appliances

II. York and
riio followini:

liberated in
completed on
)iitii iryhad
peration was
the previous

I Dartmouth
iirehased 23
taken from
The spawn-
produced as

100
100
100

00

•der to cap-
' the season
e Narrows,
ceil : —

OO
DO
)0

)0

i couuitiou
B8 that the
)uth.

)ainted for
uring the

ensuing year. The estimated cost of it is 8'^n Tl
the hatchery requires a neu' railincr lufemi ifin' .. '"'"'' '" ' •>"«fti'>n with

danger to the iifo of ,he inhahi.anV tL wo d n .'l'*''"'"''' 'T"""''"" '"^"'^'^^
An unprecedented storm swept over this loc-dT. <«''''' /"? ""*''''•>' "*" »^'«"t 81-'-
sequence of this, the Darthmo h iS'e ro " ovn. 1 ' f ""^ '^^'^ '^"^'"^'- '" ^''"-
and inflicte( vast dam'uro ,m tv,„ L, ^^'^®'.'Ose o\or 12 teot Jn twenty-four horn «

our fish, the h.nd aro'nS'the pt 'S,?^ lILXd"' ' W^" I'T '^'y' ^^ '«' "«"^
boom (which is necessurv t,\ ,, ' ""-'"^ '"""^'"•^''A'^l. We also lost snco ;{50 feet of

itself, L\ the .takes "'Kis* a " J''m," h" .• "'"■ f"? T^ "'"^ '""-^ ^^^
about §16. ''"""'^^ '""^^ ^^ '-epaired ,n the spring, and will cost

I ha<te^ J.;^.s^ :^k;;;?:;^:^? ;r i:::^:' /j-'^^/'-o-. at a cost of §40.

well satisfied with the number o? llnc^i 71.1 t ' I^'.";""'*"''' ^"ver, who was
taken this year was a larger in.re sT ver n *"" '""^ "^^^ «•>'• '^^^ "'"^ber

opnnon of anglers that a i^rge n. Xr f aCr ^''^i W ^'^ "'-'"animous
the ..ots were sot, ihuH accountin.r Tn paK So? 'I'* '"■ ^^""l^*^ ^^'^•«'- before
waters. This has been the subject omSSc. votaiuf """''*' '"'^il^ "*' '^'' "'^f'^^-
the \ork est mates (but !>;« ■.;„>.. , \ ia\uuiai)le comment. The l'

with the fly, a"/" 'her ' .'r' .^" r'!!.r"^' hundre.ls of salmo„_4.h

9.-TAD0USSAC HATCHERY.

Province of Qukbec

From the crop of salmon e.r<rlobt«i2 i?t \'''i'''"y '^'*'' '''*^ >'«'»'■ 1890 :-■

and distributed in the trib„taHes''of ?he Sali^nv^'''''. \T'T ^''^ ''''' h'^^^J^^'l
running to the St. Lawrence Rivev The K mf o?i'. '"''"' ''"^■'"^' ^ discharge
than usual, caused by the ravages of rats etitirin^ t^ . f^T '^"' «""iowhat greatir
f f f u'^K ^■''''"'»"« t'^« ^'-^n^e J'o wh. ic wfn te? ^! ''"^'^''^'y- Tho temperature
to hatch m May, when the water was 30 dej e's '^'^'''''-^^'i the eggs began

^^^ J^lowmg . a list of the rivers and la^^e^.^ith the numbers of fry planted in

Sr'^'r'^^P^'.^^^^^^ 250,000

' St. John do St John's Rav a ^50,000

Jacques Cartier Rive Po7tnPnrn„„K '^'^ ^25,000

M.wafs Lakes, TaSs;: Kn?^^^^^ ^olooo

Hatchery Lake, do ' ''"^^^'^^^ ^» 995,000

"^ 50,000

Total

J,700,000

boat "belon^inf t^o're film "/^S^ BZTio^\'^r, '1^\ '^1' ^^^ «f a tug
in al the places under my personal c^T^ with ^^J" distribution has been madi

.mting the water in the cans To ako ad „n „ '"''? lu ^'^'P. "'« '" changing and
the frv wp ]ait th^ i » l '^^ ^^' 'aKe aa\antage of the coo no"" nf th- . • ifl r-
tr, left the butchery at 11 o'clock at niglt. By doing s^ we reicfed'tt

Upper Sai,'iie/iuy the next morniiiir. Bv nil moftna it .-« ^« •

Kreate.t part of the distribution Hhouhlb^Zd^Jhl TTn"^« •"•'"'*""* *'>''t ^

there ou,d,t to be an much pains taken to di.tH^ute v as t "ist: r'^'- ^ 1"'"'

We sot our nets for the ca))turo of narent snlmnn m ? hatching tl

ready for the last high tide of ' the same mo" h Th« fl?. ^^"^^ ""'* ^^^O'thing
the27thofMay,an/horewithisgirra J^t^l^l^^t]^, ^^.Z^^'

ng them.
.. was
ght on

salW^n coming in"ournet;7th"eywe'^re'j;un'^^^^^^^ ^^^ ascertain the number 'of

tide. Of the number caught, i25^ZlZ\tri!!!!^T''.'^^ '''^^^ated at the same

purposes, and G55 wert
of 1,879,000 eggs, be
medium size. The
"rth of October.

ng an avcnig, of about 10 000 nTihi f ^^rT."""!'
»i„ing „,■ ,l,e parent .aluj^ frri°p„„roo'Z''il"""* "'

The Salmon Fisheries.

(;3

irtant that the
nay. I claim
aUhing fliom.
^orythiiig was
aM caught on
Miily:_

'". Lilieriitftl.

4
20

1(1
i:>

40

.r.

(Mi

»»

71
17

•i:.

IU2

24

18
SO
10
15

s

20
15
24
14

uld not go
loor of the
r nets wore
number of
t the same
<r breeding
o U8 a crop
being of
ied on the
f ovem ber.

0 increase
heries, 12

great increase in (he ca^ch of s 1 1 " t ,4lv .Tr:' ^'i'^. '.""' '^«^i««-' tb^t t! is
ivy in the tributarie. of theSa-uenaviM , V ^'"" "^ '''« P'""f'"^' "'' >"lmon
«o plentiful in our rivers, „. in^re v^, o.: -i '"'.'"""y >'^'"''« -ainion have uo^ h^e
in my district, the Ste. Mar. ue ito is f l.r "'"" "'," ''''^^'- T'^»' '"''K^-'*' Hve "
myself by the president of thX/^ar , o'S^r'?'^^ '?: " '''^l""-^ '""'^e "'
H s nephew, Mr. Charles (.'rant of Monu-oa .nl, ' 'n ' ''".'"''•^ <''"'" t, "'f New York,
salmon whilo pa.ssi„. one pool. T i i" \ "/ l/,""/'':',^ * 'P^' ^••HnUe^^^

pte. ^i? "^'""^ ^^"'"•' •■^'l>'"t« con'e from I „"S '^.; V''" '''-'ly.^'' '^P'"'^ 'lu- same
Eternity Kiver, A Mars Jiiver, and as fa u.sh" ^'p^'T^' ^^l^'' ^'- J«''"> Jiivor,
Saguenay. On the 18tb of Noven I or dto t'.« '^'"P^l'a^v JJiver in the Uppe;
about one hundred fine vou ng . ,>n i bout -. il'^'i ""' l" *'" '^""'' ^^"^ '"'^«'^ P
in the pond and mixed with the iv f J.iin " t "T '""- «'"' ^'ei'v fat came
to have a look at the.n, it wa hiih t l ' h'''".' ^ '''^^' '^^'■- ''''•"'•''^' theguaS
the ol.l ones and all went aw.V ,t i / n tl \T^ "'''^ ''''"' •""""^ ^'e I^>n with

«».,o„.<, „,„., ..„„,„^ „„„„ ^,j' »o-« ».™o.. *™^^ ;^:. t,;;^H'iLx

Ttepairs.
^^^^^^'^St:^:''^^.^^ J-' f— •- «'^-ugh some

a new ^^^l^^l^^ZS'^^Z^f ^^Ty^ '' "'-"' - ^«"er ^o have
IS erected on a wharf made of s bs 1 '' eeJ'^'f'.'^"^^" ^"' ^''is eld building. It
filled w, b rats, which destroy m^t^^ 1^2::!^ ''^y y^''"' more and'more
prevent it. ^ '"'•> "S^^' »" '""tier what pi'ecaution is made to

I>istribution of Fru.

depe^^in t^:z t!^^:^a^x:^^- 1 -- -^^- -^ »p-^ which

sac ,s certainly the right place wW^m;;^''' '^« j'^^e to titcilitate it' Ta.i. ,
during the hot neasonl'and^s the Ta do it.c Sll''"" ' '" '^'''"'^ ^''"^ P^''^"' -^"'"i '
Biver, It would be far better to Live thf 'h.f h ?"'' '' '"^^nded for the Saguenay

ake broke up on the l«th of May. And "J ^1 t tf^'^'"' • ^'n^ y'^' ^''« '^^ «' the
ture of the water goes up very fLst ihl:,,? '''"\"'/' the ice is all melte.l, the temper i!
small surface of water in thfs hi t 'ti? ""'' !'''' '^'-^''^ 'i«^''"fe' great power o if hi

the 20th of June, and a^'tv r M.t'trtbe"A:fT' '^ -'-"fe to keepT frj" f e

waters of the Saguenfy Ey^rndtuI'bytitS""'" '''''•^' '" "' ^'^ '^'-> in The'^Jhor
tug, and boats and carters, and inste- H of ,J , V ' ^^^"-^ "^'"'^ it now costs for a

64

heavy timber R^.nd sufS'to mS-o -oltoxtoX^^^^^ ""^ "^'"^' «" '^e

up t., the m-ks. a splendid pond Jould C h^d lo k«.n M *''^P''«««''t 'OHorvoir
wanted. ^ ^® "'"' ^" '^^♦^P " t'»ou»aiid parent salmon if

I have the lionoui- to bo. Sir,

Your obedient servant

L. X. CATELLIER,

Officer in Charge.

10.— MACiOG HATCHERY.
Province op Quebec.

BEPOHT O. THE OFKICEU IN C.IARnE OF THE .MAOOU HATCHERY, 1890.

In accoidance with the reouiromerit^ of ti,^ n. * . , .
submit n.y annual report i\n- the past yeir D"l«"-tment, I be^^ herewith to

Whttejish.

Laiie Megaiitic, County of Mei,'antic [.. ,.,,, ^.^

Mas.saw.ppi Lake, County of Stanstoa.i :.■::::;. 2Z

^'o 100,000

Total

1>'^00^000

Salmon Trout.

Megantic Lake, County of 3Iegantie ,nnnnft

Massawipp. Lake County of Stanstead :::: 1^00

Memphremagog Lake, Counties of Brome and Stanstead" 1 1«0 000

Stf Rose""' ''"^""'^ '' ^'■«™« "'^'^ Sherbrooke!"!!:': S^t'ooo
40,000

Total -—

1,600,000

y^a:^VH^::':n^^^^'lZSS' ''' ^^««^ Hatehei^^^Ith^ggs this
Mag^"H.u£y i^S'^' ^"' *"° '"^^''«- ^"""- ^-"t eggs were placed in the
Whieht5:t'e7arked fo,'" ^"^"^ "^^'^'"^ '^""'"*-" -'^^^ ^^^^ -PP'ies are furnished

tins. 6 cords dry hardwood, 8 |lJbe vah^.s 'e'tfmaTei cost abUt 87o"^ ^''' ^'''' ''

From infoi-mation which 1 have receivod fmm « k„ aoout «70.
the lakes wherein salmon tvLtlL'yhile^^^^^^
there is an increase in both salmon t.l and wi<^-lh\'^^"i^*^''u''*'^ ^ ^"'^ **^°*

ha, a tena.„„/.„ J.V.Z^Sr SS ^:^£:^^^

flS

pulling down

usinfj^all the

lent reservoir

unt salmon if

Charge,

1890.
lior»j\vith to

ioim salmon

successfully

00
00
00
00
00

ao

)0

>o

10
10

•0

0

I eggs this

ced in the

furnished

ipe, 6 dis-
• hose, 12

ving near
find that
ise of the
ig season,
to watch,
ul, other-

1 have the honour to be, Sir,

Your obedient'servent,

A. H. .VidoRK,
Officer in Charge.

ll.-NEWCASTLE JIATCHKRY.

PROVI.VCE of O.NTARtO

Ihe work of hatching and (listrMlHitin , I ■ ^"^^ P''^^ year.

cessfuUy carried out. ThrtH wh ,. n 7^/ 1 " ''"'"'"'"^ "^'"^'^ "^ «8f' was mo«. sn,.
the hatchery, appeared to be ^'itfa i^dellirronV'^ T' --'>^^' Poin" Cm

In I obruary last I received insti-uctions TnlT^^^ '''''*'" *"'*«" o»f o'" it.
Newcastle to some of the Maritime n.Slin^ ^^'^ I>opartmont to trannfor from

3'-^«^^hese eggs reac^VSr^ZtShr^u S'm^"' '^^'«^ ^'^ "'-'-"^'y
good ordei-. No trouble need be apprehended i^ Th^ J ^' ^'"''"*'""' «»pen-ision, i,,
long distances if escorted bv a carefnP .nVi 2 • the carriage of fisl, ekrs oven fo
o ship these delicate and p'^H^hab eggs bv^xrerm *"'°'' ^'"^ '^ - t-te «
reading some of the United States ronml -^ «'u^ messengers alone. I notice in
series have met with Ho^very seriouKs! \ '"'m''"^'" ^'''^^ the Ame i m m,
eggs to be shipped in care of ^le exnrels T ^ """'""^' ^""^^^ «l>a'-efully acke

tS^Ty^'^'^u^'^'y ™'/t'e ieVl7 inTerrerif thi""- ^''"'■' ^^« *'•'*"- Thee
time to devote their close attention to I LSneShahi '"^r''^'' '"^^'^ little or no

even though written instructions ma Sv« Hp.., ^'.^^^'l '^''^» "«"* '"%' distances
therefore, always desirable nfn^«Ki * . ^""^ ''''t'' the consignment It t
officer to take chargT of d her t h e.is ^ ^' "'''''^"''^ *^ ««"^ '"^Experienced
hatcheries to their pfints of- iSLtion"^^' "" ^'"""^' ««''- ^^-hen shippedTom the

winternnri-li^SV^^iS'^^^^^^^^^ the Lower Provinces ,a.

this spring was as follows:— "derated trom the Newcastle establishment

Semi-hatched Salmon Trout

Magog hatchery, Province of Quebec

Bedford do do Novu w;« 2,000.000

St. John do do V«l «**••••, 500,000

Ottawa do t s.?oT::r ^?±2

I,o00,000

•Total ■

5,500,000

White-fish Fry.
Toronto, Lalce Ontario

Cobourg do 500,000

Newcastle do 250,(00

Colborne do ••• 300,000

Meaford, Georgian Bay 100,000

Belleville, Bay of Quin^'.'.;;; 1,000,000

Lefroy, Lake Simcoe . "■■"■■ " 500,000

' 100,000

Total ■

g • _2.750,0"

6«

Salmon Trout Fry.

Toronto, Luke Ontario Kn/i nnn

coii.o,4 do :::::::::::::•;:::: 5j;;-2

KinM-Hton do .. . ^ '),00<)

Newcastle do .^l')'-''"''

Bowmanvillo, Lake Ontario! /.■■.■. ■.■■.■. '.■■..■■■.. nii'2

Marmora. Crow Lake XXl

LukoHeld, Stony Lake •.;;;;. fi

Port Carlin«. JiosHoau Lake ::::: . Jo'S

Belleville Hay of Qui.nd . . :;; ^J 2

Toronto, Howard Lake "T^

Collinywood, Georgian Bay '...'^Z^. J.o' ,.

Wiarton do aut^MIU

Barrie, Lake Sin.coe . . ". J^ »

Orillia do . o?"'?"'^

C.O iiow's Lake:::::::.:;::-:::.;:;:;::;;;: : -«^2

Letroy, Lake simcoe ;;;;;;;;;;;; gjg

'^^^^ 4,700,000

Speckled Trout Fry.

R. Croft Hiilnie, Belleville - „.,,,

James IIuw, Orillia ?'","

D.Martin, (^uelph i'?"^

Woodstock Clnl.. Woodstock :" .;; oXnn

John Barr, ShelLorno ^"2

Israel Kinney, Brantford ,?'!!,."

Doctor ilal lory. Grafton "fi

Harry Piper. Toronto ?C

E. R. 0. Clarkson, Toronto ,Ho

Samuel Dice, Milton ^yX,

R. Burffoss, Muhkoka .■;:::;; ,^2

W. McDonald, Tilsonburg JK

J. Forsythe, Barrie ^ ;; ^^S

W. H. Rittenhouse, Barrie ;:;: i'Zl

J. Gardiner, Paris f>^,^^

G.p. Bnchannan,paris ::::;:::: iKS

J. T. Brownridge, Paris ^J2

G. Farnham, Hamilton }£

J. E. Murphy. Hepworth ::;:; J2

Z. A. Lash, Toronto .^n

R.Z. Rogers. Grafton .:;; ^JS

£c-t^>h>-ane,M.p., Toronto .■::.■:.■.■;■::::: ^?AZ

W. Williamson. Ingersoll tZl

R. Southam, London ^2

Number turned out in hatchery stream:::::::::;::":"":"" 45000

Number kept on hand in spring tank ?'onn

Number semi-hatched eggs sent to Ottawa :::::;"; 75 o5o

Z i"^ St. John Hatchery. 15,000

•^^ do . Bedford do ... 15,000

^«*«1 ~~39'l';000

^

87

Grand Total Fry Hatched.

^Vhito-rish

Salmon trout -',780,000

Npccl<lc(l trout 4,700,000

.'iOLooo

o ., Total

Somi-hiitclied eggs shipuod tn""nJi,V.;."""i "I'V": "■■^41.000

Lower I'loxIncoM...."*^ ""'* "^ Imfel.ories i„

'»..')00,(M)()

tri-and total . ■

J.^^uutoo

Repairs to Hatchery.

K-:.';»^"" "--rra- rsri,-i:-
me„srrs;^s;:;^s J— Xi^r^^'T'^;-^ ^"' -"• - -..

seen by relorenec to my daily sturmont o^f fe wo.ll.l'f '"'"'.'"' ^^'"^''' ^^''' «
borne important chansres wero mnVi» i f )■ ?■ • ''®'^*^'" "l'J>endc(i.

success notwithstanuing the views .Sor.r.K /?'''"• ^^"'^ P'-o^ed to boaVimi
successfully when located closH Jach^ h' '^'^ a'^^'^ 1^''""^ n.!ts would not on! ate

pound nets last fall. The exuertwhr"'"'^ ^'' P">""^' « «»itable person to set th«
u.jdertake the job again! tt^rapV^'ne'riTt'thrvr^'. '"^^ >-- "•o-S to

p^Sii-rptrte^^^^^ ^;::.iZr.; r-i •;:-•

pressing difficulty. It was mitTit^a te th 'fT'' "*>'"?*• ^^"«" *« overcome th^
the collecting of a supply of salmon trou-' V^'T"'' ^^''^ obtained
Provinces must have pLved a faUure The ^Z """^ '^^ ■'^"'''''^ ''atcheries in the
requires years of experience. In fact the.^ f.i f^''"' '""'"fe' ^«^" «f pound net'
who practically unde.stand th " bSnels T am i'h°." *^ ^" ^"""^ '" the country

5j . «ii, aiso the number of parent lish mani-

«t«

mentH which Hro offr,:, Jl';7& 'n "n i.n' w^ '"^'"«-^"^ ^'»^'"

wholo month ..f N.^vombrr rr am IhI^ t^ '"^ " "* ^'r'^' ^«^ "I""*' lh«

l.rov.,| hoy.n.l -loul.t If I rL-o „" ^^7 '- "•"^"lut«ly n.-.-JHHurj i. it can b«
1. early in^thoHeasonHKLVffi^f-Stb:.'^^'^ "'""' ""'' ^^''•^""'•'' ^r'"wa

Condition of the Eg<js in the Hatchery.

prosIt^o:!;:'i;Sh'^mJ;i;i'ri'rt wi;i";r':;''r"''"''" '":.t^-^" '°"""»n '« «t

Ihan halt iL V^luCiy^^^^^^^ to hutch out' moro

I liavo tho lionour to bo, Sir,

Your obedient Hervnnt.

Officer m Charge of Newcastle Hatchery.

.owing tho daily operations of oolioctinK Salmon Trout Kgg. at Wiarton
during the Soaaon of IHOO. ^*' "lairon

•WATEMENT bI

i

I

It

I >". llf KlMl,

fpiini

(wliitli S|iii I

i WIIH

ciillfctwl aiiil

n

k

litxratj'd. j^x

1 s- •« f

S5 S ;t

, No. of
Kinli found

iiijiiri'il

iir (jfud in

XetH.

X(..

of KtfK"

collwtwi.

R<iiiflrkn.

¥

•J. kiiiihck iin.l I arrived «t Wiarton.
Ciipt. .r. h All»n urriv.^l ut Wiarton.
LonmifniMl gettinir nets ready.
Put Htakr.H on H|)ile driver and drove a few
loo rough to worl' at driving staken.
IJrove Mtaken for fKinnd iietH.
i'jnmhefj driving stakes for one net.
A". 1 net coini)l» tiHl and 8et.
annday. Rough and blowing.
H»'t 11 HtftkeH for No. 2 net.
lix) rough to drive stakes.
Innshwl driving stakes for No. 2 net
Kough weather, could not work
•UK> ,HM> \i"\^ "*■' "''ni'l«^t«^ and set.

i wi^ther" "' "''•= "■'"'' ""''' «"« «••*"»

^mrflntt""**'*'" Tt '"'^'' ' C"''* weather.
•<;0,CTO,Slnowing ; fish scarce ; weather cold.

i»o ro.igh to lift nets ; raining and blowing.

1^1 not i-i'>e ni nets.

^'ij!. '"^.?'^r*' ''"^ weather; 4h inches
.»; . .till to-day.

• I8.J >i. nets not ri( r

^'••!n.'south-west;i.> .inotlift;blowingagale.
. -y heayv sea running; wind north^t
W md southwest ; raining and freezing ; a new
runof fish m nets, but many of them not rii*.

i

Nov,

c|<
Hi

d(

1

do

1

do

1

do

I

<lo

1

do

II

ilo

1"

<lo

in

do

11

<)<>

90

do
(1(1

81

33

do
do
do
do

2fl.
20.

do
do
do

27.
2H.
2J»,

69

; 44 inchcH

l'^-""'r.Uo.i„„,u.,.,y.„^,..„„„.,^, „,,, „_

N'". «l Kixl, ill

friirii _ .

whiiliMiniwnlsT

I *^ libcratHil. !z
if,

Si>. of
KihIi fiiiiiid

iiiiiiit'd
iir (Ivtul in

Kt'iiiiu'U.

Ki-li in ni-tH not liiM.
Niindiiv : Hnt' ».'rtt]ii-r.

'•"•^'•""•"•iiit' wHini day : Hind .-^t • u t

frilly '»y'»'"« '•»»t;H,li »|u»HninK

u ,;. .H, T ^'"'^ r •-- •'^•^- '""■'' ""''^
..^ ,21''---::"'- -- '^•'•

- I '•'•"^•''*'^'--«"..w..Htl„.r;nn„i.wrun..fM.o,.„..
^)«».WW r, ,.d n,tH but H«l, v.rv -<■»„■.• H.d n,.t ri,».

~=j^«- ;:;;., „,;,.,:::

S'""'?y;'<'l<landri,iiKli.

H!<'«m(f luml; liravv <•«.

• • • , " ""I'l liav»' . .kH. out lift l,„t too rouBh

i tunif honiH and Inft K.-innViT . ' '* •
and ui.llu .1..; 1 '^' ""itlv to taki» »tiiw
an I Hpile driver to ni(MiniiifH

iWiindav.

11,125,000

M ^u t- -as 'If f.,^r- ''^^^^^^^^^^^^^^1^^^^^^

12.-SANDWICH HATCHERY.

C. WILMOT.

Province of Ontario

^'«h Hatchery fo^r^'J'^err""^ ""P^'"* '^'"^^ ^"^"^ P-fo"ned at the Sandwich

youngTh! ' TSV^ir^omeVht unde^Th^' ^T *^«''« ""« '"»'«hod 45.000 000
"ttle explanation. Wo gathIrS ^re ' *?,^rnf '^' >Pr'"'"g«' ""d may' need a
the time, and in order to accormodaL t^f " '""^ '""^ ineubatorH <>r room for at
U8.ng the old wire trays that w^^in u«« vf '^^' ^' r''' P"^ ^o the lastTeJort of
ZT f'!J ''*'*""■ The numberrhatched In th'r T' ''^"" *^« ^"'^^e of wKlh
standard, and the fallin,. off on tt 'o„era?L??entf '"' "''*' ^""^^ "P ^« ^''^ -»-'

c^nerai percentage can only be laid to those

70

the following ^yaterl.2^ '^'^ hatched. These young fish were placed in

Newcastle (eyed eiresl

Ottawa, Ont. do

Magog, Que. do

i3edford, N.S. do

St. John's, N.B. do .'.".".".'.'.'.'.■.■.■■■■

Point Edward, Lake iruroii v 'A","

River St. chuUt PoJt Smbt-oi;::.-.-.-.-.-.v.-::'^""fo'^'-

Lake St. Clair, at Mitchel's Bay T '

Peach Inland, Lake St. Clair. ........ " ' ' Z '

Figh ting Island, Detroi t River do '

Stony Island ,io \

Bois Blanc Island do )

Pigeon Bay, Lake Erie '.*.■.■. ^

Bar Point do

Kingsville do ..........'."."

Colchester do

Port Stanley do

In Lake Erie, below Bois' Blanc ■island". '. '. '. do

Niagara, Lake Ontario ]\^

Hamilton do

Toi'onto do

do
do
do
do
do
do
do

In

do
do

nver at hatchery '.".'.'.'.'.'." do

Making the total of

3,000,000

6,000,000

2,000,000

2,000,000

2,000,000

2,000,000

1,000,000

2,000,000

2,000,000

1,000,000

2,000,000

2,000,000

2,000,000

2,000,000

1,000,000

1,000,000

1,000,000

3,000,000

1,000,000

1,000.000

1,000,000

5,000,000

.._45^0^0^00

in the above named

wateri!''' ^'""^' ^"^ ''''' ^" ^'^^ ^""^i^ion when placed

Collecting Pickerel Eggs.

for th?;e;e;uS'ttr;lclteUd",^ etr^Bflo"''^^''^-''' P'T"-'^^-- --« --!«
and the names of the pla2 where sec urfd:- "'' ^''^'" '^' """"^^''^ ««"««t«d,

Wees Bros., Lake Huron s Oftn nno

Joseph Leazeau do NOOO.OOO

Hitchcock & Stead, Point'EdwardV.V.:. A'T/3

16,000,000

Making the total secured

_32^0^0^00

place^rthefono'^fng:rers:-'"' "'' '-''''''' ^^""^ pic"^eTe";;^Tich
Ottawa (eyed eggs) .

Point Edward, LakeHuron".".*'.".'."."; lvV.""

Port Lambton, River St. Clair .' do

Ml tchel's Bay, Lake St. Clair d^ " ' '

Peach Island do , •■

Fighting Island, Detroit River.'.'.'.".' "■. Tn '"

Bois Blanc Island do T -■

Pigeon Bay, Lake Erie ■'■.'. T "'

Bar Point do ■"

In river at hatcht

were

lery.
Making the total

do
do

1,000,000
2,000.000
1,000,000
1,000,000
2,000,000
2,000,000
2,000,000
3.000,000
2,000,000
')',OUO,000

22,000,000

71

r^l^'oZ'L'aT^^^ -port to .ne the catch of pU-k.-e.

for the cause of the increase iS So fish ' *'"'' ^''"'' P'"''*" ^« t''*^ ''«tchery

-caring ru..rnS!tl\r;efharel?rci,fod ""^Pf"^'"-^"^ '^^^ ''^ P-PO- of
Several places have been recSmende o .S bunn.M^^ toflae^them.

located r would not advise the givin.r ,,n o?the nrlVn? ^rV"^''*'*''^«'>' Pl«^"« >«
until the new venture had proved slfecLfui ' "'*'''® ''^ '"''"""« P^'-e"* fi«h

Collecting Whitefish Ova

Th

ose

S'r;„''!!;!.'^'^'l!^/"'!3; ninety mill

eggs

ions

were taken from Hsh caught at the

of eggs put in the incubators,
lollowing places :—

Bois Blanc fishery...

Fighting Island fisheries 30,000,000

Mainland fisheries 45,000,000

15,0U0,000

90^,0^
The Catch of Whitefish.
cat/nSeS::"^S;^«^.-!|ntry c..^^ the report of inc.ase in the
artificial hatching in years to co^e Cm U^^ ?^^^^^^ the

improve from year to yiar, and frZlheZ of fK'^''* the catch continues to
they are largely the j/roduction of ar ifici^f bree Lr V'""''''^^ '' '^ contended that
Blanc fishery's catch this fall Here t l,fi« „ 'u ^- , \''}' '"Stance, take the Bois
which were put into the rS. for spi rnrm.ntf '' '\'''''u ''''''* ^'""" ««h
the openings which were made «uitaK to fee^^r S. Tr^ ^^^ '^'T^^ through
fishermen claim that these small fish i^ll -.IP . "*^ oi<linary sized fish. The
hatcheries. The same st Tternt of the caicrof?m:n^«' ''"^'' *''". Pr<«'»^-tion of tS:
ing ground hereabouts. This catch at J^o L R^n ?' ^^'^T'''' '" ''""o"! every fish-
one, but is a very strong argumS in favour of i^ ."."1, ^'^''^' '' '' ''''y '^^■•""ge
taken at this fishe,,^ w^-c -tedt i^i^;r;^^!S^^;;;'i-;;;^the^;;j^;^^

The Herring Fishing.

I belfel^'Twiirbe'rdwS' tZo ^is^St^fi' h' '''' 'I'T''^'' ^' ''^ ^^-^^^ ^-t.
waters. The catch this vear s a ?on'^ wa^ Lfo J S 'f ^' ^''f ^'ecreasing in^^th^se
fiBhermen are beginning \o ask if we arllt Sl/to I . / Vl{ ^«™«': ^ear. and the
like manner as the whitefish. I would recomm.fl WjT ^''^"^ '" ^^^ hatchery in
cultivation of the herring. ecommend the Department to engage in the

Improvements in the Hatchen/.

floort n^wl^Xm'ZS^^^Jr 'r r''^. '" ^'^'^ "-'- The entire
as tbrmerlywe now operatreoo a^nd wil^u /."'l'"^' «f r'i""ing 350 glass jars
number of young fish. In the ce.'itTe of LV'^'' >" ^''"' «"^ ^^^'^t double the
there were place^d 100 adult whitS .Wiiohlmveonir'!?' '""'^' " "^'"'^ '" ^vhich
the Idea of bringing the fish, which wcTrrunf hi t^ "i"""^'/"'" "^ '^g«- ^ t*'*"'^

and putting them in this tank is a ^2) nl "? i P/-T "^ "'^ ^^^''•"g stations,

of great benefit to the hatchm-y as^^e wH iJh^n ""' ''^"" ^'" '" "^^' /ears prove
otherwise could not be had In'sperkim of th« ■''"''" '^"'*' "* ""'»''°'' «<" egff' that

hng a steam yacht tor the purpose of putting o^SeT-ou'^traro^rol^^^^^^^^^^^^

72

«mall yacht fry could l^e dTstHbuted readH v an^r' ""/"*"? ^ '*^ "«* '"«"^- With a

point.. ThiH bout would Tto fly bo SuTft^^

also <or the collecting of egg«, a3 would lavlhln'^'/^''^'^" of young tU, but

incurred and at the^ame timnd^a^ ce tirha?rh J'*''^?^

would be i., the neighbourhood oflsoj or S ^'^ ^''^ ^'"^' ''^ ^"^'^ « '^««t

the sr ttft^e^r^sSt'rsji'^^^^^

frequently do at thi. point. Thrcont of thf- »« Si" S^in'"' P^'^^*'*'' ^^it.^ they

I liave the honour to be, Sir,

Your obedient servant

WILLIAM PARKER,
Officer in Charge.

13.-0TTAWA HATClkERY.
Province op Ontaeio

The „^r=;; '3 Srr;/iL"er crirrwr.*s*"£ - «■" '■'-''"^-

Salmon ova from British Columbia ' ,.. ^„„

Speckled trout ova ?"„ do ' ^^"^' ^"'"'''«- " • 1.500,000

V^hitefish ova from Sandwich Hatchery, Ontario. ....•.•;; e oJoC

oondS^S2lgZ£^1SSyfS;iiL^^^T '^^ «P^in^'in -client
were planted in the later, at tKllowing pS' :1^ "" '^''' destination. They

Salmon fry.
Meache's Lake, Province Quebec

Knowlton do do H^OO

Smallions do dn 14,000

14,000

Total

_112^00

Salmon Trout fry.

Meaches Lake, Province Quebec „„ «„,

Moseau do do 20,000

Ridoau do Province Ontario „3^^0

Duchesne do do 200,000

Bernard's do Province Quebec fA^^^

Duchesne do An 21,00(»

200.000 ■

t3

1 impossible to
ncur. With a
'her important
'oung hsh, but
I expense now
yf such a boat

5iy to prevent
, which they
1 save the fish

ihment is the

•rease of the
d that efforts
f&y as we do

perintendent

Charge.

390.

s hatchery.

100
100
00
00
00

n excellent
;ion. They

Lancaster, Eiver St. Lawrence

^ummerstown do 80,000

Hideau Lake, Province Ontario ^0,000

Lower R.doau Lake, Prov. Ontario ^^'^^^

Bernard's do do Quebec ^^.OOO

Ciidcotts do do do ^«."00

Crutch and Antonino Lakes. Provinoe"of (Jn;Vn ^^'^^^

Seybold and Gibson do T, ^ f^"" ^0,000

McKen^ie Park Lake, Province of Ontario..": :::;;::: fo'Z

Total ~ —

M)5M00

Speckled Trout-fni.
Trout Lake, Province of Quebec

Grahams Lake, Province of Quebec ^^'^'^O

Green do do Z 15,000

Bernard's do do .tl 25,000

15.000

Total

70,000

nu , . Whitefish Fry.

C|..^.eonLake,P„,vinceofOntari

Bass

I)clta

Singleton

Greppin

Eideau

Mud

Duchesne

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

no.

;,""" 600.000

do do '^<^>«*^«

do do ^•^'^'OOO

do do '''^O.OOO

-lo do 150,000

do do IS^-^O"

do do ^"0'«0»

do o.iflK 600,000

seybold and Gibson Lake Province nr'r;:;"i ^^O.OOO

Meache's Lake, Province 'of QiXec ^"''''' io'^'O^O

M,s8,ss.pp, Lake, Province o?Ontano:.:.:: f^S.

do do do ^-^5,000

«^'' do Quebec f^'^^^

do do do -25,000

^^ 75,000

Total ■

4,500,000

Stoney

Ireland's

Clark's

except

Bromt

wil

. Remarks.

Ail the fiy were planted in the differe

T^J^Z^L-l-^-y^^^::

t^Tv.?.i'' ^''•^ condition, with the one

•ome Lake in the Eastern TownsliV,; and^toTJ » ""'^'^ '^\^T'^ ^y «^Pre«« to
I be found absolutely necessary tS the nS.-'^ ^u^ '"""^ '^^^ ''" ^he future it
tent person shall accompany the lX^.£Z:iS:^;S£^i::^,

ey are to be

by not'Lvi g ?ffl r;^f rl^ co,,structed, onsiderabl

fish and salmSn"trtu"e.;"h .S ou";Xl\r T' ?^ '^'•«'-'- ^i-e, mafiy whUe-
them. It will be found necessary to ha e *i!f i'"^ '^'"''^ built outn-de to^receive

e difficulty was experienced

Hpring to accommodatTthe yoZ fish and '^" "^''^ '•«"'« «*' tanks p,t up next
inside. The hatchery and the ff«i.l T Pu""^''*"^ over-crowding in the t?oS^
coming ««« er^,„, J, ^Ife^ame^^^^^^^^^ will require paintS^nit^

up additional stands for the tanks i?i the ya^-d ^"Penter's work' for putting

I have the honour to be, Sir,

Your obedient servant

PHILIP VEALE, Officer in charge.

74

ANNEX TO FISH BREEDING REPORT.

HEPORT.

WHlTEFISir FOR LAKK ONTARIO

OORRKSPOXOKNCK BK.AT.VK TO STOCKr.V.. LAKE OXTARIO WITH ;V„ITEnsH.

Sam. WaMOT, E«q., iiocHESTKR. X. Y., 14th January,. 1891.

Ottawa.

to th^a::u'atio~^agr.t Itt^^ ''"P^ -'•• '^" -« -"y what your answer

An early answer will oblk'e.

18

Yours truly,

F. J. AMSDEX.

MKKTrXCi „K THK NKW YORK STATK KI.SH CO.MMIS.SIOXKR.S.

'"' •^''""■'W -P'<" '4th Jiinuar,,, IStll.j

^^f^'^J^^^v^.^:zf'''^;^^ ''^ 'r'7 v'^" --'^••t -'i F-uon B.„k

ist „f „rrestH and fines l.y tl,.- state gaiue r Ztors „•', !,",'*-' i!^^^"'' f'»"'"l'>«'« "He grant,^, and a 1<„ g

I'let'tt wrreadl,?' '""""^ ^"''"'^ «" »-'''™.niin^ ""''"'"^ '■""'" ''"^ ^'''"""** "**»*■ «'"I«Tin^

hringinK abI",uT((mcerte"l'?Ji,m ,;n"t\T,'''mr/..f^H '"''i'**'''.''-^'''"^ ''"■ ^^f co-liberation of the commission in

whuelisl. in Lake ()ntario an. elsewhere' tt'^aiViirr l'"'"'' ■*'"' '^^'T" f'"' '''»■ IT-paga on "the

taken with the Cana<lian (iouvernment, tior conU uniforn I^^'m However, no nnited action could be

Secretary Commissioners of Fisheries, New -S'ork

lK.rdering the Great Lakes that any one c n f.^ a "m." In T '*' '" ^"^ """""""tU's residing in States
week during tlie season, a siu.ply of those fish whiT "' "n""''*'' '"''■'' "" '''•' '"l''*-- ^-vwy flay in the

The assurance that the cl,l,l n li m:^, of^!Vs ^e ieTo^tr' k": - '^?, *''*'''''>■ ''-^"•atle fdl^K ' ^

endenvou.s ,« exceedingly gratifyinif m 1 .nn,,,,tf!rf it .','"'"''•' ^^^^*' "'" c<>'>l«'i'ate with us in our
that we to k. ,„,t fortlf; '^ ^ ^' '"'" ""'""^ '"'' "' '"- "f 'l'^' '«t".ost importance in all future efforts

c..rresPete^l'iTh"Xr"';:t lu.m'^^^^^^^^ I'T,, Ir"",""'*^. "^'^^^"^^ i" this subject, aided bv my

am cmvuiced that the task before sw 1 nor.Jovr/, ''''" *^"*" """■'' ™»«iderHtion to the pn.jec ?

«K ent and concentrate,! ctfc.rts bv al Iw k take th - /aUer"/'''f "'V ^'ir""">,'!'«''- *"'' ""' ca 1 f r per
with us, but we nmy n.iusonably exm-ct, meet wit '1, ^.V ''■■■;. ^hepuhlic voice will no doubt 4
int*Tests hat can always be deJndXm toon uL. "1" «tion, either direct or indirect, from certain
an,i selfish policy. The Hshern'" w o ers t' \n usin^^ "'"T'" 't''^ '\' ^*"'"- '""' «ho -sTgh ed

more than half a iK.und weight are pretty sue to C\LJ\< "'' ""'?" T"^ "'"^ *''*■>' <-»teh tish of not

niacle ,n the public interest, to c!m, elt em , ba^, on ,li'."i' ",'". """"'■ "''*' ^^^'^" '«' ""empt shall b.

75

ITEFISH.
y, 1891.

ur answer is

1 Fulton B/iiik
ted, and a long
iHtate Siiixrin-

coriiiiiiKsidii in
lagation of the
and that more
ction fCTild Ixi
akeM as lon^ as
' the Canadian
only were the
i city and elne-

0 DNTAKIO.

11 of the C'oni-

yed pike, and

the effort \V(!

adjoining the

iiid its design
ling in States
ry day in the
ible faxl.
fith us in our
future etfoits

aided by my
;he project, I
call for per-
no doubt be
from certain
short-sighted
?h fish of not
inpt shall be
nniature fish
) supply the

erests in the
f New \'nrk

«sh |.lanted by NW V. rk fr '^.^ l*t ween the waters of the vari,,us S^Z/i 1""'^'/,' ?* '""'.i''"' l'"'vin«,
fxi^rience for the protwt »w f hL « i. " ' ^\">^ "' violating the retrulatim.s .S, , 'i ' .'"^''' t''"'">itrli

,., In your co,nmu„icatio„ of the 14th I . . • " '"'•"''"" "'-

"lone be aiiowed^,^iXr l^r ;i;r;:f^i..!;^^'r -^'.t^n tiu! l;:^

wise reniainihe ;;;•;', "Try''' *'"^'- "''V''"'''-"'''^y''>>%' ' •«;! lak S^ '" -t nets,

Hlone be allowed i^itiewlf I Y''^" V'"!'*^'' *" '^^ '""itrlit in the net . I Jif?,' "'"'.I"'^-- 'hat would other!

il. l?llt it U'lniM u....... *l.^^

whftefish. -'•"" ■'■ ■ —ly consume fo,Ki that might ^^l^t ^^^.Xu^!^'^^::

Kes|)ecttully yours

FRANK J. A.MHDEX.

OiTAHA, irth .Jamiaiy, 1K!)1.

K. •!. AjisiiKX,

Kocliester, X, V.

lili=S!iiii?=sis^^^^^

7«

L.ft your CoinmiMKioiiers coiiflcNCHiirl f,. ..uL- .1 . *^

^■^ml•H M'ly trul,\-,
HAMl'KL WILMOT.

rXITKI, ST.TKS — X ^.^vn.^,,,„ „,,,,„,^,^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^

thee«tab!i«C!uV;"Jrha^ '-■«''"•.' "as referml the Bill ,H R ^3V^n f, ,■

taken efficien't n,etu». CX ;'r;Ia1io„'^';r;:•:^'T^"" "f NVw Vork 1,.

«r.a>~ se^on in the waters of S 'xe v 'y .'.f '"'' ♦'^'""^ «"" f-"' I'-l"- prot^.li.m^f <>, 'h, ^

itp iriv<.u „,.«;. .;...,? . ' '■."^ I'linen ntateH (yOninnuuKit.i... „f i^.-.i...!

The aoco„,p;;;i^-i:;,rtV;;.'^f;',,f;-'i,conn„i^^^^ ,, „,.,„^^ .,, ^^,, ,

»te, g,ves sutticient .easonH for t ^esta U "^ *^i«'"'>i'-». c'o.n.uMnieated to the

. and the same is .nade a ,.art of this r, li'n '^ "'*^ **"*" hatchery ,.ro,H.Hed to In- established 1,'v the

V. H. C0M.MI.isi„N- „K Fish am, Ki.smkhiks

>V AsHi.NciTox, D. C, 2(ith .rainiary, IHill,

...«* z;;i*K;isi?4:;,3ss,""' " ~-"" """■»• "■-<' >i~ «» i.^,,.,^ „,„

77

riK tlie wliitufish
IftWMoiifl rfKiiIa-

jIoMC NfllMIIll " ill

'-I' the lU'tH ivH to
llHiit this l)y uii
enclifw the' ini-
I (IfHtroy for tlic
.(iHolKimitifuIly
■«i»c, hut H fi-vi-
■plftioii in Luk„

t<''llVH tllillffHof

loritifH for thf
mid U. icci'ivwl
I;l<-, thouKli of
licli NO liirg'tily
in fiVHt iiuHHiiijf

VILMOT.

N ()\

loiiiiuiiiyiiiif it
I'ltaiit HtntioMK

the followiiiK'

. K. ISJiV*) for
I', I'l'Hlx'ctfiilly

■»'\v \'ork liiiN
> «! Huh ill the

iciitPfl to the
ilixhcd l)v the

NtttteN Coiii-
leiit of u tJHh
folloWH;-

iiinuiiieralile
i» of the State
coiiNiderable

ecliiiHl year
h fislierieti of

lose finherieH
1 upiwratiiN,

I'ce natural
I WiHcoiiKiii.
iminHioii Uhh
11.; and J'ut-

KJHh Coui-
lie a marked
1.

' and Lake
iiaintainin^r
ey have not

tuiitial and

lectation of
:iay gather,
and under

HUM abund-
■it' Halnion.
1 its tribu-

..^.Tl"'' »iw™t™c.,,„„,|„.. „,,., "■•'••■ tl-lrvLrmg,,,,,,

i-: ir=;^-' ':urx'Ec;i -f Sji^Ki^sja-Ei £, te'i,;„„ .„,

mil coimiiis.

"m..erou^coi;;,iy-of-;;;;;,,,;;^ll,::;-' f-i"-|t.'<i i.y t^.^^::o:x^:^ tre^^ir I, ■

■mtil they had att.iim. IsiW.wl ; •'"•'' "'«'«>"''''l Hie Ht. f,awr,.„er. t( t u.V'l.lf i "",'• "''"f ""^ »■

fill ■"■'" >-"'iiii»Tuiai nsiicry. ■'

troiii r,'aelimg their .spawning groundK, and «o natural tmI TT I"" ','"''T' '^'""=" "i^e i.

...otive for in».n^ ;\. f J.;'.'^.*.."'''"""' *'«''•*'•>• of th.

rearini the «ah„on mn ' be 3HSted"ln "'" """'M'<'. ^"•'^'^'' ''

; of «hitefi«h ova fi„in ..ur coll.'?^."''l.";';J!.^:^"!:^•f?•»' y""'^ -t.-ould b. ne,.eHNary to ,Iraw our h,i,.-

«

lid not Ix. leNs tlian
■ould be required an

^^-^«SHALL McDonald.

V- i>. Cimiiuxnionernf Fisheries.

Til ¥ e ' ""HI"J' »nicii i

^^^^^:^tlt^:^J^:C^i:^"'^ '- "" '-"PP^-'tment. won
«l.l.roi)riation of .W,0(X) ,.er annuii. f'""=hiNeH, and for its maintenance there wo",

Ho\. Levi P. AMrto.v,

Vici-PvtsiUmt.

Kesjiectfully,

KESULT.S OF KISHCULTURK.

78

i.M-.'f,.r,. it i« H„." M,, IVir,-. -s K t s„r H «n^ ''""••"■*■ "" '">■ "«" Hi'-wing. nay

tliat in w), and tii< ,,„,„. ,i ,„ „,,

, , .-. ....,, ....^,,.,„i,ii,u», u) III, 1,110 jiiHtict. Thf
II »et fourth .„ the following from the MnerU^Z

^enmv.. ami ,| „,,,,«;„„ „f ..^ „„,,|,rt ; ,^"^ ' :' '.r^'X,'' Zi' to ■*" '"'^ V:"' f"'' '"ctatorial.tw" f,!
I..-H H0.1,.. w..,;kHuj,., „,.. H„;L,.Ht..rl M,l.! J U'' r- . '^^ .*A.M,„I KiKh Cul-

w

otfeiiBivf, am.
and comlcinii
turi^t,' piilili

v.T,v yoMUK fry w.-r..,l..,,i«it..,i as f.K , f , , ' . .u^^; 'j, "^'T V''r:r:"""","l'f^'"'^ t" •«■ "f tli.' 1h ri k w l-n
hv,- years, , „i,n^ „.i,i,,, ti„. „„f „j , ^ ' [ ' -V.' h ^V !^ ' . '''"''''^ "'"".' ''""''<«- '"«t«"l "f ti.e pait ,", i r
.Wa.Mst tl.e.r enemies, l,nt also to, lev mr hVVn .K "r*- n«-t only a bleat i.nce ti.ilefenilVlH nHeh h

results ,n tins country ami in K.uojhV ''"" "^ ""*"'' "'"' "•'"'' !"'"'•>• i^ pr-Klucing such nlarkVil

(Thi; .:pi.ai:^;;i:;^:;!,:.^;rjt-i,;;i'^.;[, t ^-t';::; :';'|;'-'Vi-v is stm «...,. i.o,.. fi... «.,. „„,.,,

are comn.ercial fisheries, the statisticr.Twhie are re^'ilnr*'''; ""'' ''■^'^Y'^'^y >^ '"' observer m'e these
tmverteil .y v^gue ami unsup,H>r ed U r '„" "T,*; '*^> '"'^ r^>"»t«-l.v '•'ll^'cteil, an.l cannot Vm- con-

coaj^t states during the spring ..f IH m' "i" ,'e nts" vc "''""v^^^ ""''' "' "'•- ''**■*•« "f the" A Ian c

'•a^rUTi^-^j^^^

imrpose . Thefii^t ;ia;Ui s'^'hicf^::^.ruk,rX"u^"" '"' '" ^'"^'' -hat ;uUsdc;;'are':^nablet 'he

4.140„«,«. It was not until 1885 that a systen.at c cXction f statistics .^H^^'"'.-^''*'' '" ''^^'' l»*"
eas'ed [. ""^----"'^ time, as co„u.ar, Ju^rtj;! nwl'^^ "'i."'''..-^.*''J"';9 '•'"'^•^t fisheries was

Hi the ci
^*.,j,>«,y,'>er inoo. In 1>

value »i>14,887 over 18.S(). 1,, 1888 the eafclV VvaT'r (iiiit i"!^"""" •'" ""'""':'' '" ^,0,4,4.17, and of monev
money value S703,i.()l over 1880. The stot is ic^L 18^^ 'f.'.H i«ln '"'''■™''** '" """'''•''• "f 3,51!),.50(i aVddf

ui^l^^f^ri^etioii^rthilt^sSi::;!^;-

79

it<) tlie follnwin^
wii Nliowiiig, Hiiy
ill) jiiMticf, The
)iii the A nuriain

utiif Mr. Pcirce,
Jtatorittl style ih
iiIhiivh avoided
Miui Fish Cul-
1 ill two publii'
■<•) 'knew it all.'
leeifully aconle
IIIIIIK.— Kl>."

ire iH not Ixiiiijf
t defence. Mr.
eret-Wiittel, F,

* KiHh ConiiiiiN-
lie ihtiikI when
tliepiiNt four or
end theniseheM
< Miitli marked

iir ti.Mli culture,
le uieaiideringN
lit Htreams are

w iH'injf made.
But let UN take
n'T, Hiiice tlieHe
cannot 1m' con-
inced liy their
I. In Hoite of
of which they
time, and alw
the Atlantic
t that for the
•sapeake IJay.
one haul of a
le aHsertion of

(xipulation of
1 of California
'd, notably in
an otherwise,
idaiice of the

• , in one day.
unable mind,
red thouHand
ters to which
lit of work Ko

iceHter, N.,T.,
improving or
played out."
■e the facts in
esFifihCom-
jf about one
900 a year to
's. And to
lable for the
opagation of
have teen
fisheries was
but meagre,
' of .f 208,r>i»3
ley value of
cI of money
',rm, and o(
wnservative
cy value is
our years of
iial increase
ries and tlie
lisbion came
uine of the
are we to
the decline,

and which are undoiibUdly the ban

ii^iPiliiliiiig

<'X|«'ctati(m •;

•• ' ■ • - ■ "^'i """rmefi. Itegardmg seasons of

l;lHity and scare tVfsn' K^ o^'rl'""''""^' "■' ,'"■- ""' -•^•' - m^

80

I w.!lHt,>p.,„.v toc„m-,.t.,n...,f .Mr. Vn ' „, Hnt/.t.^^ .^^^ »- v.M.rr."?!.. h

.M „„t M... That >f,.„tl...n«i, l.aH ,MV -v n,,, t ■ fl • n ,. hV """ '" ■"""*■ "'''^ ""a.k...l' l,v „. . T| J

with which r want...l to vwthuW.i- s,,nM. VhkT,I. 1 1,. « '■''"" V"'.""'''''"'''"t"«'i»T"f a tro, t . r. „

Hill nut H., fortMimt... Th.. fa.t i., I ! , ^ , t h . ^.n,:;.' ",''. i " "I ""' '"" '""-""-' -Mr ' m "
..t.-.' .1H.-.1 iM th,H neiKhlH,„rh,K„l f„; hatfhiiV „ r-wi n^ t ' n s;\"';T' '", " f-'T"!- "f .s,.,i„,r«, such a'

It." .•.it..r|,nM,. ,s a w.,i.,l..|f,il h,ut..hh. | km. v,f «?""". ■'. / .'."• "'>K'"''7 has a Hiinihir Kr.aii. ,. 1

Mi.nplv t,. Hh,.w that a.i„th..r -.ifTprisi .^ ' ,.' w\nt , , ' l' •'' '. '" l'''^> ' "f''^" "f ''"' "I'l'li ^

lra...;rl an.l ,,.,,.,1 f.,r H.,.,th..i- ,M,r,H,H,.. *^ •'"" '' "' ""'""'^ '" «'"■ I'iimi.u.hh. The land was alr..a,|y

f>;^u;:'^^-X;;^!) ;^^:r,;:;;;x:':^:^::^^-'^,5;!-:;i'«'"i<> .-atiy i.,......,, th. H-hii„ ,„ , ,

clifc

iHic.. ,t iH nniKjHMihh. t,. .ati.fy th.. .o.isnnin^.'H^iV.A ... ''''''■ '"''■'"",'' ^"'^•' '"■"" "»>"-fl »« v^.a...!

.antniKshav.. I,,.,.„ ,n„.l.. i„ a,h,x,.,i oth.r ^.^at r v r' sv.te ,' ,'''" ':'""; "'."' ''^^'■'•••- "'-i''^ H." Vlaf e
(rraml;. L,.H A„„,m,s, Han .liian, (Jun„i,s„n.'^Hl . K ,',• S^i^! . h''"'.';''"'; ,'"■ = '''''" Arkansan, H,,
t.iUI.. Ih(iiii|«.m, CaciH-ala-l'iMiflii. \i,rf , PI .ff. i .i *' . '^' *'"' K""!'!''!'", St. Viain Hiy ,i ml

;h,.m ..„.;,. ';ti.o,.an,i. ■• A^^^t ' 'th ^ ii^;:;;;' ,,, „:i;''^.;:7''" "-•■"' -^cam ';:;„i''i^aS

M(^ .Ml. I'drccH tht.orv (if " yriirn of oI..ntv „,„i„ r .'"'"""* not a m.atiir.. of acfi.lmit

..itr,.,hi,...,i h..r.. .,„t a f..i;. y.ar. •ay::th;o,iS "h^. H ..■^iirh.'.; ''"t^'V' V"' """ '■•••'''"'• 't is' ',':.. ~

I . onl...; that Mr. I',.ir,.„ ,uav not Ntiimhl ■ o "r a m " or^^^^ '" '' .'"""'.' "^ ""' ■'^"''*' ""'• "'»' ^

n.|M.at that I am not a Hsh nilturi.st ; tha av . no t^o, ^ ^ „' k 't*'"i'''''' "''"T''" "" '"■^- "'="""^' ' «'i"^' t?,
hue of hiiHincMs; that I nrvf-r eauifht a Hs f,,rtlM,., ti '''''*■.''""''"'' '"'t a coiMiH.titor in his

secon.I han,| : that I know what I s t U-H, I , , i'' , ^'"'ri' ""'"""' n ' "'"^ ' '""■'■ -''" a Hh h Hr. t r
I know that front hatching and tr,.„t planting i e v nrs of f ' \ " •",""''■ '"!■■*'•"' "' "'"t « '"^'l' I n-iu
lun convnuv,! tfiat fish ciiltur,. in other lin. ." 1',, „.„v ^ rts of H,; w" I'/T" V"" " ■'""v.'lous sncU I
that the se.enee is gaining Kr.'imd every (hiy to t e in X>I«I,I 1'} ^c"" '^'■" "" '''''« '<iiciessf„l. and

•ved long enough to see its U.ginni.ig (in tl is »/« ie -,, i, '', ^'7T "'■ "f •"""' '""' I""!'''-. I I'H e
iiagnihoent triumphs. I ,1,, not iK-lieve that Mr P, r ■ .'sT r ^"""" ",*", ''"*''"•>• '""> '" (?l"iv in it«

|'a|.ers of the country, as h ems deterniine u7d, wi 1 eithti ^*^ ""' "'"•;" '■' all the .^|K,rtsWs

"1 th,.s ^reat md.iKtrial enterprise, nor do think that all ifL; -'V '"' 'i"", '""•< ""• »l»-"l« ' f I-rogr, sh
">'ly living creature who knows all about it, \V X Hy^rs '■''" '"■'' ^""''' "'"' """ ^^' i'>-nl'Tl\7^

FISH Cl'LTlKK.

.- .-...K. ,. V.U.,.... ,.0,..,....o„..,.„K WO,.U.. .HOW... ,.r. .„....,. „„„.„„„ ,,.. „^^,.,,^^

^J'>-"iit"Th< Eilinhiirfih Scotsman." J ' '

[Hv (;koki;k M.xr.cni.M, IsvKiKiMtv ]

.HmiSM;z:r"''i^:!;;^4;ir r !;^^';:;I^t *?;:i'^^ f^'r '-^ - «— > -i -sefui as t.. fan,i,y

niarvellous and do ..ertainly favour u^ J w u held V v , 2r ! T^^^'", ""•' '"".'"y ''" 'l-^ritn-. as ess an

arger akes and streanfs, tx-th at home 3 a 3 ^Ant^ e„t /""■^'''•"^''i <"'.'' t'"^ ^t.^.king or rep "on ,
frt-in these establishments at the adveiU of e e?t fish Ztl' '"^''■" »'"! P"«di8tHare now regular vissed
all parts ,,f the Unite.l Kingdom : ■ r?a« regaKi; ,n^ o almTsr'"'''"' »"'' "rrt^*' are promptly exm.edt"
wild^t Tollv'" T '"'"-^f ""•^. -"' -<'">''. if a"tnpt;d'r"ve;SyTea/Ht "h""'''' T""' " ^^-'"'"n a„^

;vSe^1?thet^;;d";!ri'o7i;a'it^^^^^^^^^^^ t:^-^^'^'^^:^^^^ z ^

gn.e.„-Hur,.axsi,.gvig,n,rof'cons^tutio„of Ui e^^^^^^^^

All this .8 no doubt very novel, and mav be star? fn., V' ■ . "^"^ '^'T'' '" ^^^ l*"«'nPS8. '

wonderful strides made in the fish-b,eeder™Yrt in nuite^ who have not noticed the silent but

t however,. or who have followed its advances there is renTltL^S"*- ^" '■''.""'' "'h» have l«.en engaged „
the p<,ss,bil,t.es of fish culture have by , o mp'ans ve Cfl^Zf^ ^'T^"""*? »''""* *'• They kmTthat
dawn <)f an art t.ot only of amost i^iLt\r^twllJ^L *^^.".5'.'.'^'"^'l- ^e seem, indeed, to h/only at the

n.xi;L'f 'h" «•;''' ."f.«''h '-■'•Ifre lin.itedrthe S^ il^ fish ^.m^,? nf ^-'^T "' '1**'"."*' •«''f"lness b,
.'^rr.^Ztlfr:'-'»'V-«v''n'i«cifacture.astreF^^^^^^^^

■fore
more

im,.,rtantsideof pi^ic^itu^ r;^ ^^r'^rKtr^

<..f an abundant, certain and cheap ZZ^Z^Z^M^I^i^ ^,1^ ':""^'? ■*' '« 'hat which bears on the questfon

is rarely abundant and cheap, e.xcept 'rfuri, g an x4lenta am^^ .^Ti"^ P<>r>"Iations. In our conntn fi"

^S ^:^^^ti^r ''-'•^- '^^"^" ^-•^nr^;:;[!^S^^'|.;^-eaHy a|, ^

81

'■!■ piftfridfil

Tlu. w„M(l^r i. increJn Hh ' ' ""^^' '""• •''»''" "n wh^1, „„..•; '""V 't: .v..t, tl,,. ,•^inu■,u■,^„( J,, t

•i'luucultiT... in fre,. t„ all? h ml ,1'" ""'"'y ""'"" ••M"-"h,.. | "' jk '"^ , ' ''' •"'"""'• '""' """''I" < f
"<"• nmnuriim in »(.,. "":.'.'' "''''J' ''''•''<' n-i.t, ih ,.x,.i„,,t froi,, ra,.MrVi' '"'."''• '"''"' «-'' f'v-' -

- ... .... ...... ,„ „,„„ t fro,,, ra ,.„ , r t, v..« l'"' '"':"" ""'' f'V"m"K. "r

l"tve H,..m, short acco,,nt ki,±T ''''"''■"'•"'«''••■« «'"• ar. i, t "' "' "'V".' "■'■'■!'^ «"'"■- '""I iN

'l'"ting„i8hiKl living An7eri"mniJ^,.,u' "I'T""" ''"'*•>' "f 'i''''at ■»"«! tl. if "' ''»■ ""kI-, .-,■ tl,.. p,-,,.
v()luineHreatinif to HHh,i,.rl«i^ ''-"'',"'■"'' r^^'ently Htated tImJ (,; i-i "'"''' "I"'" tli.'N,. Hi,l,i,.ctH A
Mr. Alfred Be-nn'mrXwi^^tt C „'''''' '"' '•''»f«'-'' "•' • i« 11 ■ H^i. ; ''aTLr'T "Pward.^ of ", ./.i

HmH..HHor „f an almoHt „niqm. "ibrarv .?f" "" ,•""' "^ "'" '"<«' "> t " ia«?i". ' 'IT '"■"l'l"t;-. Tl„. late

arv regi«t«>r«d. And Htill n«»v u, ^ ^ * '^."''-'h«'l 18*1) .SJ.fiS ,.dit ,1 ... 1 "*'r-*.0<X» vol,i„„.s. I„ the
n-arly every nat^r""" ""^ *"'•'<« <"• Piscatorial H,,l'jee s cm "t t It'lir,"*^^^

^Antiqmirians of the ijiHcat.,ri«I . . al.n„,la,K.,. fro,,, tl,,. ,,res„ of

.io«,„nt of the genes,':: fl"f: • 'a"d Lhef- * '"^'•« '"^e precX, I- o 'erreHtriaf ''•""' , ' 'r<l'-"tly n,' 1
"iiffered not fron, the Deluge The re^li '"''''•;" "'" "»""••' "f the ,.«, th 'T"'i" '" "'" ^'"""i"
inany alluHionH to anglin? and re,.r . "^^f' "»« of ancient Kgyntian LlV- .. . ""'^ '""" "f lift' whiel,

tlian ten yeai^ after the t,wL 1^ ^*""' '^"'liana Ben,ers the TJt il- I'""}''' ''<">k on fiMhiiiB is th,.

Priore«« o'^ the Wdicti'e'^N.t^e^v^l ^'"^1, "' K"S. Da, e B-'r '."r. "Ir'"'^''' ''! l'"'"'' "^< I-

on theartofnnD.Iin„ n'"_ .. Jl''"'^'^^ "' Sopwell. i» "•'"•■"-^i-.nahlv theeArS.. J'" '•• "?,"' .'." ''"^e Ijeei,

82

.".d f-w in lu.v ofl.r ,1 I ut. ,.■, h/^l , ^ i;''"""'''', '^" '"1''* '" ''"|"""'"l"r walk „f lit,,utuiv.

■li'iiiiX an.l r.«tfi,l tl„.uKl,lH l-.rnir.iti. i jtl MiJ f I //^^ il» ilin.wt |H.rf..,. iMtHtnral «tyl.', hikI t\„-
rl... <jil..m CmfK (•nll..,.ti''„ , ti -^ 7. •„.., t v 111. "m::?,':, '""'•' " 'T '''f'' '"■'•■••■ ''■'"■ "•"• '"

S.,llMMl|«llu«y IIIHV Ik. IMC..HH1UV fil

"'" '"" '"' ^ ^ ^"'- '• "'"«"•■ '' • >• "- - " -'- ••• •-... ii... Wk; , i.„.... .,„• hh,. a.,;i

,1,; ,■■ ■•■•.'. , •"• '"" !""■ Nii|irric(ii-litril mini nt f

MH liKivH-.i,,nint..fli..,l,,„,,unofHnKlinKli(.nitnn., Hliuli,

luiwi'vcr,

•Hi«iiu«y niHV
- XI fnrfliiT iiurn
Mm .liirinK th- lantan'l tli.. |.r..H..,il r.ntiMi.'H tim;",;;",!',.'"'; .:"""."!■'" '""**''"''*■" I""'"""!"''! "H HhI, a.,.1

t.;.at ,.f th.. |.n,|„wati.„i .,f Hnh. a.i.l th.. i,,.L,,,, ,,;''l.',*^ ;'*';,'' ''' (""'-j'l^.V "'""it ;«NUH.Ki,h.s, which
|.l-aH„r..» of th.. kni,,htH .,f th.- hkI ,in,| a,,^ ay U m, a a n t . f'V !'''^^^ ^" i*''""' , "'" '"""""" '""'
!;>■ th.. a..lM .,f i,it..lL..nt Hh|. .ultnr... t nth., .f',, .... , 1 ,"' f«'t aln.a.ly ar... hirK.'ly anKn,..nt..,l
th,n,Kh ,t n,imt U. a.[n,itt..l that hin |,a,t ,f't .,..'. h , t l . ! f"*','"'' t'"'"''' "' '"■^" '•"""""'•■•'■'I.

.•iiltur... rarri...! .„i f„r th.. puhli,. ».h.-, Jii., , | | 1?., ^ ''"''''.'^^^ chHtant wh..n |M,hli.. Hsli

.■..u.,try,i«it.l.H.Hi,,n,a.,v..tY..,...,,„,;ri,.:;,t,Hi:,v'i;; ';\,:^^^^^ "'" ^-'"'^- »« '-m..h att..nti.,n in thin

Ik. .na.h. t., th.. ..,xt..,.Hiv.. U |«„„Ih uv a ia ti,. I . a , vi i','!'''"" ■*"'"• «'.•'"'•"'",•'• ,■"">■ Ir",ht.

n,ay a »„ hav.. 1h...„ kn.mi, in ntill ,,hh.r tin .« t, t ,.%Vv, t^^^^^^^^^^ ■"" '" "V'""","""' '■''"•".•.I f.„. th....,,

f...' l-li..vit.« th,it ,i.,v .,f tl nations .,," ,.„, '^f.^l-'"""' '"."• ''hin-H.. ; l„,t th...... is n„ «„h.l k.-,.i,.,.I

•...■th.HlH..f th.. Hsh ..,.lt„,iHt wh. I'h i„' .' V L\^^^^^ ■'"•■ r'"" 'r '""",'."■•' ^■'"' ""• •'""•""'

.tH ,»rt H,ial f..,.nn.htti„n. an.l all I .. ,ic .,.(,' ^,,,^i^^^ f.-.a.. liv.. H«l,, f.,ll„w...l l.y

infant.l,.««,| .j„v..ni|.. ,„.ri,K|H„fti«l,lif,. r„a.„ij,..,n..nt th.-.,nKl, th.- .■n,l..y„nic staB... «i.«l th..

w, J!';;::hJ;:^t'h:h\';:il^riii;:;rttl;^;.,![;;;,;n;:!;, !^i!t :":!"■ """'• "•■•""-• j-^ "-•"•<• '-.

th.. KnHt. lt..,.nHiHt..,l in ....nlv . hiving hVi ,,;.,,.;' r,/"^^^ '" ""' 'T"""' ''">' "' "'" '"f""'"* "
H.,n..M,f w|,i..|, «,...,.„f vast ..xt..nt, wh ..wl . „t Jr i . . ,1 |,, '^ '""',"l'',''' ,"""'' -"''"""r-H ">■ viv,iria,

-•.•ph..,.s ,..,1 fr.„„ tin.,. t„ tin... by >.•..»!. .1. tn •o,,, h , . i "'' '""'' '"' '>"'">' "!•<». at |.1..,ih„..,., a.,.l

tl... Kn,,tll..r ,H,n,ls an.l fish sfWHuf a lat.. .i. , ^';,„J" Zl^Un 7>"'' ""V"'"^ V'^'' ''""»W"I

<.r ...,thn.K'-;<^ ninai... ar.. to U- U,uu,\ to tl„. |. .' . it ,1, ^.tlV ,u . V , l >''' ",;:""'"'" -•'■".""■'« '"" litth'

w 1 «...!, if 1„. |,»,kH into tl... t.M«,Ki,i| hv , h^ vL ,, ^.. t ..^I •' T\ , ^^ '"«"'r"'' '^ '>"•*">"< "•i'ut tin's
with ,t v..,y .lisc,i...inatin»f ....Jnl t,. t ,?• '>,, ti'^asw.Tr - tl' '""'■'■''' ^"T-' "-'"^ ""'y ^^'f" -'■' '>"«»
f..nn.|..,M l„ul .,„„ ,.y,. „,„.,•; t„ th.. fai,„,.ss'" f ,.ti| itv f h. 1 ..l"'"""!- ' "^ "'"'■'■ ^i'"""""- Wl.il,. tl„.i,.

th..oth..,- U, th,. proxini'itv of son 1"..,. , , ti I ' ... il ':,: ™^^^ "'"y «-'r'-'i".V t"r.n..l

...... .mw ,.nt.r..ly U'lvft of s.d.non in, ,|. .,f ...lil.l.. Hsh of.uTy Ki,,,i ' """ '" """'>' "' ""'*■ '•'*■"'•"

usili^Kr-it-n:;!,^;;!^^^

:f:n;:':±^;:;=t.i,:i-:];r' 'x::^i:;>thl':-;H;;:i'£^ ■?"'•■ r" -^f' -'''^=- '-"••

oon,n.on .in.onK tl... (!..rn.u„s, who hav,. s..t,ui",u,l /':';'" *-''" '"'"«';«.:''',""*•"''""•■'' '"H- ar.- v..,v
copi..,l r..i...ntly l.y tl... A,.,..ric«..s. K.-,,.i th ,.l«h , 'it/ l.lv I- I ''"''' •'•"", '"•'" '"•'" "''y "'"'••••'"•fuirv
tl... I'nit..,! Stat<H Fish Con.n.issi.m l.av, .,•, „ i.fr. i '^ ■ <•"■ '. '"iKmally .i..iK,..t.Ml fro... (i..rn.anv,

oonnirs all ov.-r tl... Htat-s. T. o. . wr , .V,t '^^^ l^^ ''>'V^«f'-. -'"' 'li«tril„.t..,l th..,.. t.. a'li

or nt.l.tarian |...r|H.s,.M h.vs Ik-,... in .tU.va... for .. it ni 's s o.^ 'h .'^ ' ''?'' '!' """«"'■"""" f"-' <l...n..Mti..
«.,>rMe: l,,.tth,.s..hav,.lH...,.n,ai..tai..,.;i..|i,.H fo, s,",. o-f,^;'^^^^^^^^ ^'''', 'r;.'",'^ H-t- .iWs hav.. lH..n. of
to wh.rh th..y ,u-.. attacli..,l. W.. ar.. aif . 1, .',," If i '' ' V"'.''""'llj^l«ii...nt ..f tl... priv.u.. .l..n.,.sn..s
r.H,.Hnt discov....i,.s in piH..ic.ult„.v ,m th?^.v ',, , .' i /" ''° '"", "'"",^' V' "'" ""I"''"'" «lfriv..l from
Shonhl tl,,.r.. iH. H,.,.h'a n-vival it . a 1 . ,, L,' „' , Vha'; C.;',','''''', "' Y' ^'"' '''•"""•'ll'^' ■•'■'l-"'-"..nts.
sc..,.nt.,. with pr.u..ti...., it n.ay hav,. th.. Wo,..is • ;, s cts' a,;,l „ 1^^ m"*'' '".'."" "'V'" tf>>t Hllian,-,, of

Ksh tl„vn ,.arp, thonsrh ..ow.'as .•-K.i.-.ls this ■ ,, ^1 ;,"^' . ,r'^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Ma..yoth..r ^ar.,.ti,«of fn-sh w,vt,.r

of (loi....sti<.atio... rnt..lliK..nt .irtitiiial fish ,,,.;. ' f ' , , it , ^"■^''' ""' '""'■•"»''l" to a 1

.,.,,™i.:s.i,,;,,iiir;:;;;j;;;:™;::;rr:;r=^

■'i.KiiiK

Tl i t .. I- ' oiii.iioi, ,,s.. as tn,. tl

.;... :::r.;i'>i^;:p;!rLX;; :i;:;:^i''^;i;:?Slit:ft'S^

to iK-littl.. .rac.ol.iH rlisc„v,.ry. hy th.. ans.. ■ i" .Ti. ' ' '" I r.'"''-^' •'" '',"*■ ,^'""" '■"^''^'^ l"vv.. s.-n^ht
to tl... [t.ui,u.s, l,«t th..r.. wo, Icl apiKw , 1.^ n , ^,k, In, if ''"'■""' V' " '""' '"''' f""""'-l.V l<..own

known to a,.y ,k.. pi,- prior t.. ,ts .'liscov. ■ bv J « ^ tl llhl'irrh^V't" ""J"'''" *l!.^' .''■""V" "'^-^

,.n,l.ml.t,.,lly as .vn or.ginal i,.v..ntio,., a,„^ as snd, 1... is .''ititM tl, th, .'.."lit of ,>" ''■• '^" '"'" '' '''"""

Ih.. in.|)ortanf(. a,.(| widelv-reivohinL' .sissililliti..- ,.f ..,: .;
it was ,..,t nntil l..n^ •■vft.-rwar.ls tC tN-.Tl ,,l ' ,t^^^^ ">•>-«■ atone appr,.|.,.,.,UKl. tho.iKh

.hHoov,.,..,.. HyJacoT.isown fa...ily it was .,-a ! ".Vl f, , ...v • ' ' 'V?.*'" ''^' 'T '^'"""■•.V"...,. of th-
cor,vs,.„.<|,.ntH in Kngland a.,.l K.lu.c,., s w. 1 a n A, ..' ..,^T;.'';!'U ■ ''' "" api».a, to hav.- l.a.l
Knjfland s..,.„.s to hav.. s,.c.,.,-..,l hi,,, „ p-'.isjon i fr f,;, r. .'L, , ';;i'"""r 'f ■'"^'"'" *''^ <••''•"■ "i"'
( i.rn.«,.y alK„.t tl... ,,.1,1,11.. of th.. hist .....t .n' as Ih ... ZJlv T , .' •':'"»^''' ,"'" "" ''""' >l'«'-ov..r...l in
in •>,;.,.... in ISa., in (i,,,at Briuin i,. I«;^ ,' N .rw" y i, s-^\ inVl' "'jV'-;' .'■'i'.' '•" '!'"r"' '" '"*>.V i" VM,
„. 1H«3. It is, l.ow..v..r, only within tl... /, st tw, , tv v.. s ti, 't ,, i ^ '"*'''' '^'"^'l'' '" "*'^^ "'"' '" G'"'"'!.'
,...u.y of tl... w..rl.rs Kr-at..st tisl.-,-i,.s it I J Ih.c.,. tak - , n ,v . ?v i"'' f "■';'!' IT "'■""; '■<'">'">"i^' oon-litio.. .,f
|K.rl..tp«) ,.|„n a ^.r-at .seal... ,i,„l „n.l,.r . ffi • al a s, i .„' , ' h o, v T". ''V '' "'*' "'"^ " '•^^■•'I""'" "f »'">.■..,
v.d..„t u..d WH^tefnl ns. of thos. tisl,..ri..s, and .,; 1:^;,-^, In ^.Slt'^^ilini.llVrti^^r^'.S;:

S3

• I it|'l'<'nri'il twii
III!' |irt'|>ikrjtrlciii
III |M'rii»l

ilk cir litciittuii',
in UiX\, it liiiH

M llrMHiifil til !».

It nriw friiiii itn
"tyli', HMil till'

I'llltlllllH llf till'

vi: 'I'ln' line in

i.f tllla.
vhicli, liowi'ViT,
lii'il im HhIi iiihI

liiit ill KiikIInIi
' iH'Hidfs, wliicli
111' iiiirNiiitx ami
■fi'lyiiiiKMii'iiti'iJ

ITI' OllllNilll'llMl,

• iiilirmi'H virv
lii'ii imlilii' hill
ti'iitiiiii ill tliJM

liy nrtlHciiil nr

IIIIIV, lllilliililit,
incil for tlii'iii,

II Mlllilj tflMllhli

itii till' iiiiulrrii
li, fiilliiwoil liy
Mngi; itiid till'

iiHt nvi'rtfrl tn,

till' IllKlNIMN (if

iri'M nr viviiriii,
t iiU'iiMiiii., itml
viTf inaiiiiKi'il
liiiN liiit littli'
iH an- HiH'ciallv
ioiiHalmiit tlii'»
wcri' Ni't iliiwii
Wliili' tliiir
iiTiilly tiirni'il
)f tlii'Hc rivci-M

(lllllKWtif IINl',

iviii'iH I'riiicc
iiii'iitH, liiit ill
(■ar|i ari' very
■y MUcccNHfiilly
■mil (icriiiany,
:i'il tliciii til all
t for iloiiicHtic
liavf Ih'i II, of
.ati' (li'iiii'Miii'K
(Icriycd from
rciHiiri'iiii'ntH.
nt alliaiU'K of
of fri-nli Hater
I high (Ifjfrfi-
iw of liriiigiii({

Wcstplialiiui
1 liavi' Koii);lit
iiii'rly kiiiiwii
1 culture wa.-.
' him it catiiii

ikIikI, thiiii);li
•yiiicii of till-
to hftvi- had
(• elder with
[lisciivered in
Italy in 17!»l,
id in Canada
.'condition of

III of Kraiice,
on of ini|ii'(i'
i'ury jioHHible

^i::L?x:^^^ Hi- ^.- -j: 'i-^. ■

.. V i-t.t«,, ii,.,..,.!!i",;- „ ,, .,^_, "•'""'"'" I t tiipiH,.,..

'■'■'"'•'""""' ^' • '■•■'■ '" """"" '" ""• "■""•■'" -- ..'.' .Ill 'ai.t, ,

'ini|i|i' though
Hth ill a I'iiH.
Kelilll'lli'MH 111

l-'f"niii..K the,., „..,,;■ T,"* '" "I'll" II ,1, the natural iiiaiii e I 1' '"'"""V, niatiiie H,li in a riVn

"l-iat,ir'.Lid i/.m- 1'-,,!.! :''''''?'l''''/'"'f »'»'- in f ^ 1^^ «1V ■'""""! '""' KeiilleneH, i

""■I "feeruarhiHdrHiit ,"''''■''' "" ''•'""'•■ «"»'• ''mim extr.i Z? I ' """'""■ ''"" I'-eMHiir,'. „f ,1.

l-'-.'HH in laiefi.r ^ L' 'I " "'"' ','"' '"'""f "'••'"i>l- HhI n,. I 'Vl '"" """""'"»""» ..i',.,,ta,'|e,

1.1 earlv iiraeti, .\V ' ' ", ," '? "^'T' "" "'^ "' "M-a-riaK e """• """"""•• ^' '>"''' tl'i^

IHiH'eHH. Iiiit 1. :**'"".""' "' "liter wan t u'l.t ... i...".. . . .

^itali«i„g ii.ateial wiV ^V I '■"' "',""'• " ""'V •ven «,„«,, '""i''Mi<i"-.s„„iv iH'etfiH't."

,iiil healthy eroHH-l
.Mr. Livingstone Stom

knotty iiroli|,.„m ,.,.|,,»:,„'V"i"'^ ."'**"**igatiiinN into Hul'i eiilfnnil u,.;,..'. ,'," " """'" '■'eaie, noiiie years

•mtil lie' is II w iVa iK s M, ;; '•>''""'r^'"" '""• """■'• m ..t '».";. "'l 'i?" "'"'^ .«fully «olv«i HO e

'ateherieH, in Scotland "ri^''^'-.:..;*::' K"""". fishery on the

,.,. " •" •■■I'- coiKinion ot try.

•-!--..■ ..f tnmmg oia hiindredH of thoifsand:'' '""" ""'>' ■' '•» '""'-''■'■<"". to a .nnhiiilVmio,! ," Uil'ei'

jater is oiSrH U;:;t:"i:;:!ir;^?'|;::»:„:;i;"; ""f-i'V'»f «-U,,ly of pure water

t vrt-'i^l'^^indrtur^!';;^" '^^ """ "-"

84

..u;u .Hting UMCI „ti;..r appiVafuH as , raTlTZ hX "b!! t Su '» J*'' ^" ''V"'1' '^"''""^^^ ^> ''"vo X
rmthmg lH.ttH.- „r .nor,, economical than v.Kil 'wpI charn^d n fh„ i *^'"'"r '•"■ '""'"^ '"''•^'«''' *»•«.< in
'l-acllv f.K. of the «Hh culturist. The li^,xe„ arV o^LrZ^niri^r '*'!i'"'' "'f''? '" •"i''^'''" f""tf"«. the m-.>,t
travel ih used as a Ud for the essH k^r,"t^'r'''"'*fV'"'^.?^''l'«-«;'''nSrft'«f't"S'iit the situation. When
practice, however, the use of gravTis „ w .m.oh }ir'T^- ^^"^»ehiy well ncalded with hot wa^,: I
duce,l by M. C,»te, the ^'n.im^n A Jncricic'/lt.t sT The«"^ "^ Sfla^. grilles which weretirnt int«'.

tub,.s, extenci,>g acr,,HH tl>e hatching C,'a,X&8klelw^

•■«g>. in roxvH in the hollows l^tween the tuC The ^ ■ at LllnV^ ^'"f'l'i'''*''''^ cloHeneHH as to HUinx.rt the
.ts fachty for Hegregation of the oggsHolmt over and nd^IndTa^' * "" «ystem iH it« cleanlineHH, and
an Pfnial, proi^rFy aerated and .n.SLi„g " f^ren of waterl,, IJ^nHat'?'"' «^«'y"|"viduah.ne there tloWH

VariouH other methods of hatching Lvri J It^fTL '^''T^'l"' *" successful uicubation.
practice In^n found better than the s^temJutdesclK^^ The", rfe "T '"^l'"""-- b"t none have in
of some a downward, current. Mr. AinHworth Kn ^n„^ni^„„ a I'"."'''Pl« of some has lieen an upward, and
e.Jgn,e ,n which breeding fish n.ayf^ely enter but clnnT ^rVTvl' *''t ''"*'j°': °f " «"'' "' hatching
Tins invention is somewLt on thi lines of the mechLlc^l.l.Sri " *hey have fulfilled their functions!
anmse,l us somewhile ago. All such inventi.U Z? mt^ha^^^^^ T}" '^•"'-'^ ""^ .American frie..ds

not in.,H,ssible contrivances, have been Xm^t^ failnre CveLf't ^""^^ >ngenio,,s and probably

econmny of the preN ailing meth,Kl """"wl to failure, however, before the simplicity, naturalness and

of the emC::trri^^ ^i^'r izrr i '^ '^?"7-*^« '--*>-"

the alevin stage, Wmg tlie periixl of aU) it f m.. w!^^! f^ 'i. 1 i """"f " ""^^ ''»y« ■" the case of salmon •
on thes.ac or yolk of tL egg when ^ it is"u« aiTtn wh nl. ^f"-''""?' ''''""? which the young fish sub..i«t«
l.ng peri«l ; the two-year-old iS ■ md^i^^h t L^^u ' ''^'"'"n^ attacTied ; the fry priSd ; the year-
«Hh .H. Nor would tlJese detallT^baWy 'b^ of nm h l^teesf t";; tTe^ln"'"""; ' ""-^ "«; 'f"- >if« '"isto^of
yet to some extent et ucated in the art and hifVe, h.? "f f ^ ■ the non-proftissional reader, who is not
princii.les of artificial fish cultJ.r' ifowever. ";;« a?^ ma fv" eZ'iZr JV"'''' '^ ^^'^ '°^'"<^y *»>« scientific
J< rench, (iemian, and other authors ^ excellent worksava.Iable, by British, American,

l-nu.ticeVZTro^fct'iSJon^^^^^^^^^^

of the larger fish farms 7val^ve. ' s sta"^ Wrs^K^'f'""^ ^ "^ very sinlple description From one

he sch,K>rboy, ana .n all .piantities, frommanv hTmdri^s ff .^ purchasers of every class, 'from Royalty to
■llustrating the simplicity of this ^rt a^weT^^L gw^n^ n^™?"^^ ^ *'{? T""'"^ ?' * ""^'^^ ^"'' th"«
to the pr..ressional culturist, who l.ursue!^ h s^c^t^m iTm i ve^v lll^ "? "" ^'*''''*- ^^ ''* '™'*«' ""ither
the wealthy landowner, who desires in this waru.sLk or renov^t^t '.''"'* on commercial lines, nor to
<'ry for this purpose. It mav l)e taken im l.v A>^K. m • '™ov»te his waters and sets up a private hatch-
tively robbeJi the nest of Hue Xr oTthe fim.v friV^ '""^"S**™ f' schcK.lboy, who, it may'be, h«, s«,re-
transferred his spoil t<. a Ix." or tub with a H v rf l^"""- *lt"" "^u*^." '^""*' °f *e feathered trili-widh.^^
delight the devef^mien^^h deWe but cL «trfrtnX'?V*'>''"^ *?*^''^« ^'''' ^f''"*' interest a,^
househo d where there is a stream of pure water and I?,rni?» ' °L" "?Y *'^°'"'' «" appanage of every
the rearing of ,K,ulty and Ix-es f^fli ly us^: and "ttain k L" C?^!^''^ f i""'^^ *""« andTertainty Z
'Thrir}"!"''"*''-^ .'''«»■■* thaVthV,:^tyor^'^^^^^^ "''' '»"«■*"■ ^"' ^l^^ve no less

,.,>i:^f^St^:;^^^rtsr:;:^^=r t^^H^^'-^ ^^y ^^ simple and inex.

hou™,wi.imuc}noui„^;;::rj^ii;^j;rrr.aS ' a

ledge, have invariably arrived in ixjrfect ccmditior with haiStv f^!^^'^'''?'' «««9'd>ng,to the latest knSw-
or thereabouts. Here the 8ul>seqi,ent hat"h3 and alevin nf J lf„v^''*'"^^" '?'.*'"' ^°t "f -^'ne .W.OOO
(which IS, of course, not in ord^^ary use at tf at tLfitin fhl^ %'^"i-'**^r**"* '" '^e domestic laundry
other, and suppliwl by the water <.f thHaundrT piw v^Ch Cil'"T ";?!*"'""» '^"''^ surmounting eacl,
l?."', ':!:''!;"°^« ."^ the other end into the .^^^^i ,Zi''.^v T "A "'" '^1 il"?''''^* end of the uppermost

™di„t..ti.=d^i!p;:^i;;,-:;^--ne^^^^^

Ikix, overflows at thi

the lowermost box. ,„

f..ra{Ss!"'^rH^.r!o,:^ h:TS'^ tz^i:^ r "i^ t' -'« .-*»- ««" «- ^^ »

and to answer to call or signal. Into tV vexnl miesti^m hot^,f„n^ ^ "i^u *" '•««»"'«" their attendants

hear and smell as well as f!^l, taste and se^ -we s all not here ITZ «7'«;« ft«hes ixjssess-whether they can

that b^ touch, ta.ste and sight-of which kttersense thev haveTnt V ^''^^^'''^ '« »' l^^t no r<K.m U> ioubt

to a high degree of domestication and farniliaritrwU man In f 1 ''«"'*«nflowment-fi8h can be trained

touithe preceding paragraph, the yo, ng fisl, l^ca„'^"^^^^^^

cannibalistic pro,*nsUies of the larger natfve troi^fn the Take 'or w Lf r* ^^ 1 R"^^"tion against the

after leaving the hatching boxes, lilioed in interme, Lti^i.^ ''"'' *''5>' "'"'* *^'n? reared, t>iey were,

"' h'^",- rl''}*" •" tl^^^He ,x>nds tl 7n t nlf foFlowe^^ thlwZ'^'^TTu"' '^Vr^f""- bt'i-g tume,
and took food from his hand. ^ 'oiiowed their attendant all around, but came without fear

thatf>:a':atbe7s^^rrs;'x:2;i; ':=oL^trfed't^rory fcrir-*''^^; ^' ^^^ \^^^ •-• -''^t.xxi

ordinary and obvious pwUutions ; whie with the «irt^i^*r- ^ a '^"""try, with absolute safety under
comiwrat vely little r'isk to a^^y parrof^he world Fo examtl^ refrigerate.^, it can also be sent with
ex|X)rted lastyear, tothe order of tl.e\!,„yo ijAi example, the Howietoun fishery suceessfnllv

from the Tay,>N,r\h ad Tweed rie^s^Z^ °^*"- ha" a million of salS ova oE'l

arnml in good conditio,. Then'as regar L Sm rtatk^ of '^iv"*/^! *';k*-''*'u-'"^ 'l""^*^'' which also
constructed tanks, ai<led by the use ..f ice <Ln L Z,e wifl. 1 • • '"'.^' ^V^' ^V '"«»"« of scientifically
with fish not ..xceeding two years of Ir^Cfar th^diffi.^.t "'"]"'""» "' ')«k to all i»rts of this country
in this country or of s^endin^fish o ^,v ije abroad Uar^ «m ,^t!?"'l?''""?:i''*^' «"*'.'« '""*? distances
consigumentof l.vete.ichan^,.rchin tan^ w^l^L'rrlVrfc^^^^^^^

85

riictcd of \v(MMi,
able t<> havo tlit»
Hf rvice, then- in
fuii(fU8, the m'.wt
ituatiun. When
hot water. In
werefirHtintro-
JNedofthinglaKM
■< to Hiipport the
-'lennlineHH, and
1 one there flows
;ion.

It none have in
an upward, and
ort of hatching
their functionH.
nerican friend h
s and probably
atiiralnesR anil

the incubation
ase of galnion ;
ng fish Miib^iHtH
"iod ; the year-
life liiHtory of
ier, who is not
ly the Hcientific
ish, American,

uced to careful
ion. From one
r>m Royalty to
ngle lx)x, thus
imited neither
il lines, nor to
private hatch -
be, has secre-
Tilie— and him
tt interest and
nage of every
d certainty an
lerive no less

iple and inex-
Bvenensis (the
«e of stocking
lave been pro
ut forty-eight
9 latest know-
some ,SO,000
lestic laundry
lounting each
he upiiernioNt
'arther end of

fish now in a
ir attendants
ther they can
nom to doubt
an be trained
ence referred
1 against the
i, they were,
being turneti
without fear

V underst(xx1
safety under
l)e sent with
successfully
iva obtaineil
•, which also
scientifically
this comitry
ng distances
|>erable. A
l<: Hin'seH."..

!l

no

uitv. - - I- •■■•" =iiii|jiieti oy water rich in i

«itn aquatic plants suitable for fish rearing ' ■'"" "> " miwnms st<K!king

A new

I on the

Jratz,

Nutwitl t y" i" • """ '"'«•">■''*?"'»; "■ "'" "' """ •" '"'"""'••• '•"'- «" '''''•. tlH. sum"s

Exhibitions S' inXX''iJ,TNS5)^'„Tr ''^^^ "•'^'"•'■"■'' "■'"'^'' "as aroused by ,|„. t„..„„ ,• , ^,. , .

Further, all or neai-lv all tl r.' "uceasmg an.l intelligent meth.Kls ,;f

86

Acts or l,.Kislativ,. v,.xati.,n.s of anv k ml 1 1, in n, J ^ .1' "^ "'" ""•''• "'"' ^'"""* """'"•'(? "f " Coercion "

};^'f ^''^?'wltl, '!;;;^!^^dl^",kf tir^'^tlul^'c^Hc S r"™""^ ""^^'-'^^'Vy -<• l->''^i<- varieties of Hsh
1 Htory of timny .K^can-going fisl.e., a " vei. f M,'. 1. "<"|-i'")?ratory fisl,. Our knowledifc of the lif^

til

Kuanl aKainst extern.i„ation. Tl>;^ fecun itv i>. s. „''''"'■' 'r/'"'?" """"''' '"''' ''^''■"'if I'rnvi.l ,1 a « f
'.•spawn from natural ca ses^as 'eVl as Z^ZZ^lXf^^ * '"^ ""■•'■ '^ ""» f'"' "Lolosa e lestn e

^i't::;;[S:;j?-7="«^raK.:r';:::";!ff
Th sit t ?^'"" "rr "•"•^••""•" ">■'''"'■ >unv«r;i"':.f iSs^'i,?;!""' """■^' """' "■"■ '" ■•««•«<« •••■'^''f-

m.vertl.el4;'::i'^::,t;St t,Kg t^/Stt:;;t Ir-- ««h -n^aHses con„.rehension, they are
Vther «|)ecies-and the wasteful nrL ,.7. „. *.'.'.!*™"'?! "f.\an<'i"< natural causes-the predatory instil?ct8 of

IKTienced

Ix'en

now

'tely

ibster,

if till

r4F^&^^^!Tl:Z::^'ir;^J^^^ r"-"""- «?-^ ^^e eco„o„nc extension

legislation "in (ireat Britain the pSive side . f Vh *' ''^l-^rts as t.) the necessity or value of ,r otective
fcv\v. ^''""^ *"'"'' •^■"» '«»*" -»'™l^^^ er; ly ^ '>r- Francisiay. who is' a'Znn n,

,wf., '^Ji , "';'''' "" *''""'* >" protective Acts of Pkrli» . enl "'^*'»*'\'' ^lew is as finuly held by Professor
r "5 ^ '«"i'!'!!»f --- -iirafford not nludr ..^^^r" \:^: ^?.^'^„.!:!'^ ■'-. " ^-Ping th.^volves .li^F

- -1— "•■•■"• .■'oyn nil suun CO

*^'ur own nation cannot vet be oiioterl ff... fi>., 1 ^ n ^ ' -v "»' "".eniKeni practice.

a<Kst't.::^>u:^1:;^i^

•h. tl e l^st means of describing what mavr„Kr". rt^^^m^f .."rt^^ '"^ »'-•" ''-'! '1"'"' "-y

In America, ivs elsewhere, long neL'lect an,I ;„.,, , "'"^ toi national .'ncouragement of pisciculture,
he yield and value of niany of tl, & e fish i »^'^^^^^^^^^^^^ «"'""» '"'"I seriously diminished

Mil, Congress ai)|)ointed a C.nnm ssi ,>f Visl '. T u^*" ">'"«Jk was sufficiently KkK.mv whe, i
pro,secute investigations with Iv^ w "f'l^ertin l.'L wiu'l^"'"' "'''"'^n '''■"'^'' "■"'•'■ t^'" « d"ri««i : '' T

,Z"r:,L^-, !!",'.? l^''"r = ."»^'.. '*'?". whether any and wha^'?.., l^i*^":..feA 'f -■ t" what

87

.-.. .„^vo „n mil, u<irin>,' tlif first (-lev

giBantio scale luv,- V^^, *^!:''L''1^^' '!''^.*'.'^'' "''':'' ''.atcl'.-.l

MmmmmmMm

gIii«H flames, to which they adhere K,,flu l .^'. ''"''"'>' ^■'■" 'l^'xcril)!..! ; th.. .sec.nd on twi^s „..

ghixM frames, to which they adhere -ihe oflu.r ,.l ,

"^cess,tyforoarryingo,aLp„,cesof cb^^^^^ ■. -■<-— •••a^mHU, owuik to the

.V nigemoUH contrivances for the inn«« rnHnS «■ f L f P" T' "•' '^"«l'<->"'i<"' : l"it tln\s has U^fen ,, t

<H'ree ,,f agitat mn .,r circulati.m of th S "' ^''"K '^"■■"•"» "^■'. "'"'<■ "till keeni,,/, , , i

■,r »■;'"'"""' ''"'^""Uion of the water ul.i,.l.,\,„ r ""■"'"« "'"i "luie sti keen iiu- un flmt

I'Hve b<-en freely int,.,d,K.ed in .America t/'^^^^^^^^^^^ ""'""""'."hich in turn are fed n,H,„ by the tish

siKi'ially htted n)) for tish cnltural work leu e uZ V ? 'T''. '"■ V'"' "teanurs a.ul se^e. vl sailing eraf'

more rapid and safe conveyance . fish and oA mm 1 1. T' "' * '."/'.'fl"'!"'' '>f the Coniniiss on ].\ r ,e

ailway cars, fitted with r..f,.i.,^.,.f,'. I '" '"'"""" ""' Virions distrilnitiiiL' stati,,ns «,„„.,„n' . .. _^. T '"

nu.re rapid a,;ds;;f;:;;z,^;;-";^ ^ ;,^- [- ,..,..., at th.r d^;;;;;:, .;r u,;: c'^n;;:: r ''"l^nl^;

space forhids the irivinif of fiirthM>.,I,.f.,l' f .1 ■ ' K "sii nil

Tlu. r„ ,;i; ,■""■, "" Ki*;"!? or further (h'tails (

le L 1 ..railv '' "' •''"■"','"">' ""fcessfiil and highly ifraVifvin";; t.i'H.r.'- ' '""'" ''*i""'7 •'''J"''' Con'H'isHion.

!;;:::.::^i'!:^:^u:.T:>«-tr<i the work. The n.i, '^J^:!i:Xt:u:z;:::::':^^::t:s

i.vers, such as the .Sacra>nent.;..wh^^l owi , '. '. ..'.'^'

^, .,.,,.,„„v sup M)rcea tlie work. The field ,,f ,..u.V^„*- ' r "',"" ""verninent, which or g mated and

henefits already derive<I have In-en most narked K v .?. I '"", ''-V J'" ""•«■"' y«t 1*«... covere l»a t

he siini) V of SII m,,., f.v,.., n... u..... ' '' ~*.riiat even the canneries cannot now iw.. ....fi .•• , . ' K"atiy

;Hnet;,:hy;7.:^;;^

rivers, a.i.l of the lakes of the in ei,^^'Fr;,m the U'li:":,;'.' ?"',"' '^ ^"r"" 'f '''« Connecti ^.'t an .X'

^^ti;^j^f^::!:7.i?^nffi;;.ir--^^^^^^^^

authorities on the subject all over the world! «"""■•"'»« I'lv, receive,! the highest comn.endation'fro,,;

88

1W*4, m'aily 40(>,(H)(»,(K)() „f fry and th ru,,rV 1> . "' (.'"n inenmiifnt of their oiKjrationH in IHm tl\

ImUh..,! rv,.ry H,.aH„ ,. The rJ.s t s .. tl>is hL 1?\ ™ ""'*'",".♦"' "' the rate of „ er hWmZ^'

;s,».oia ly i„ fre.h watern. A Xb e ex, , p Ji" .' 'Kns-^;'kTv':';'' ^'Vl'^ve.nent of the DoininKhern

o an alan:„ng extent thro,,Kh reckless ovei'-fis, , ^ stin ,1 aed hv H '"' '' '"*^'"»f T' ''''''''■'"' "' '^"'•"">
iWam :a|iidly restocked through cultural o K-rat n^, >< ,„ . T ■ 'H'""*'"'*' "' "»' tanneries, tuts Ue.i
arrest of .lestructive lobster ami ..vste fish 'nJ''an 1 to th retliH"'""" h'^*""*'" "'"'''' ''"«"ti™' "" th
able tishenes. At Dildo, Trinity 'Bay, NS^ndla. MHTmo v '",'1 '""""■'■ I"-!"**''"" <'f these val

e.Kl Iners, ,vere recently turned mt./a^ ewly-'rect d fish f^^^^ ^"^T'",' "■^''•'' '"«' '''•^■" ''^^ared ,

g and rearing of young cod, 2(H),(J00,(KK) nnllions of which ?t is III) f"' "' '"f, «•'■>' Pr»-pared for thehatcli-
..;;.. ...npHed t<.. lat.. last se for this pur.^s^l'ir l::;;!;^!r:;i^'J^ [t I^Z^^^^^I^^L:^:::!^

Nor^:;!';;i!,'iy:;;S: it;r;;»^il!'^ '^'^^illl.rii'r ;?:;" T^- r ^^t^y. "••<■«''"- ^y (Jennany. France
|.n.pagat,on,anda(^Tn>a,iK!shCommi«si n s,>;,rted V ■ i"'"'*'^ I "''V^ ^^oting itself chiefly toTsh

Watory of s, a fisheries. lu ("/ei-nianrtirdomllsH'^"';';''''' 7 '*"^''"V''::"t. ^^''""e functions are chiefly inVesti"
centuries, andis turned to co.^SLl ^rllfi't'::*^^ ,' hoSi'.lg':^^.'"'''^ oTt'^'" 'T^'t'^F "-'y
•e Bismarck may In. instance,!- ,l..,.,„.' .1 1,1 ,' .."^_.:, *^^'"?.> 1" "''"K'^ater landowners-^^

! V, . „' "' •-onnnerciai profit as \

among whom Prince Bismarck may In. nstanced
cessful revivals of carp culture in K.i^ds "r " "
w here, from introductions of IJerman stock

c.«sf,nreviv:ii;;;/-carpcui^;;^i;^';i.;.^;Ssrii:!;;il:ar''f'"'*'^^

where, fnim iitrn,1,,,.t;,...„,.f /....„' 'r.'"S';"''^'V>T'^'" ''''^'' been nwie n the United Staten ,.nrl Vi

JlieciuefseatofCiernianpiscieultureisamlingrn?^^

ch was ono-inallv i..,t..l,i;..i...,i i... x. "tV' -^'»aci.

"- by tiij>:;;t;m;« ;:; w^ luwT k::;.s^ :;:l;;;t «

e.nnie,.,t ... 1H,W under Professor S^ H^ m 1 cl^^lf e Cr " w"^^ ."stablished by the p;ench C^tl

''3r^ffi:!-^^;S1;[r.^^!^t '^^

hiis iH-en deprived of her lemling e.stabli„hnienT' t H.ni Z!^^^^ ^^^ former y France t.j<.k the lead ; but she
in the Vosges Mmmtains which pi on^.i^rwel f , r^^^^^^^^

attention is now lie ng givi-ii by n ins of tlie ill,,I,„ .^f 1 "feded for its development. In Franc-eireat
very encouraginp. F^.lch ns^ermen a ' i ,^ e mo8?h ^^^^^^ »'"' '''«. results ^Taf: re

..stance of this is the attacl.meni of small elej ic lam s t h ' f j^*, "/ t'''^ >='?««• A slight but significant

.- f h-s t^^';^ S::t^::::t<^^t A:^t:^'\ k-'-^ -'• «-- attention.

active, n.a.nlv in pr:.;urtion to the e.t..,,t\iu<'s t .li, f vnH^.^ r^^ "r leH«

tZtP) u '•'>/*'••>'• th^ <i:^covere.' of =.e d.- iiS' f .tmd i .^^^ '^""''"^'- -I" "'^ la«t-named
tant fish cultura^ ,,siabl.s:iment, nnder (^,-.er.mieiit nsD c s a vVtTlJl^^ «"l>erinte.id8 an im,K,r-

hatchmg about 2,f)00,0«K> ova every sea-son '"'spites, at Nikolsk in Novgorod, which is capable of

Imt "-^^ i»'".:tlt;^rn!S':''hU:'tttnu^th;;^^^ JT^ "^''^'■"'^ '^'^ '"- ""' "^ -.no..y •

three tn.ies that of .Scotland, all tlu m, ern i e ho 1^ fii c^^^^^^^^ .'" "'"•"" *:'.0<*».000, or Sy

scarcity an.l deaniess of h'sh a ^w th us' La 'er < f "r,;™ '"■ "r'' ''fr "\ "'" "^^n '^"""try. Th

...light every effort would .,e „,a<3e, hr ugh p ,bli"LTweI sl^^ "'k^ '="''';• 'f »"y'^'"^re. it niight b
the productiveness of our public fisher es. I has C., sho^, hv n' ' '''•'''''"'"'''^ *," "'"'"tain and extern
«|«cieH can and are In-in^ by artificial heli.C.ml.VeHTV^
.■<l'.all.ytr,,e that though now'aiidtt 1 here .r^

a. accidental, or it may U, ...culpable c.ausert he masses thif c ,. ,trv J" * 'li "^ *"?' 'f "' """'''•^t, due to
with till.-. f.>ri.i of f,„„ . Here, surely is a , Im.,' T, ,1 <-'."""try are still most madenimtely ..rovide<l

"therto be..n .dn.ost wholly ind'iSt to it. B " Z h l! o^v i::;;'!"?'"""' ''"^^• >'",' "'"■ ^"vernmrt ha
herring on ouv , ua.^ts and the saln.on ii. m.r -her"''! ^7, j*^^^^^ ^^•'' ''ave laboured to keep th..

otfshore and insli.,r,. fishermen are in deadly iK.sitio.Vt e^ul t *^ l'i.;<luced a state of matters in which
ling returns as the result. But of scic" ..^'fic1.Tv^^^^^^^^^ \V^*' <)•""";«>'"'? .takes and dwind!

hsheri...s o.- of «'''l>fe'liten..<ln.easnr,.sf,,rth.irrecurHS^^^ ",'' stagnation .,f our mari.ie

practical v.diie. Vfl- do not ikisscss a single ublic ^t,.| ."il , •'''t*'"ti<m, we have as yet done nothing of
tioii ..f fish. VVe hav,., witliiii th.. Vc-i^^t tv year^is abl'X.TTw ^".V"' '"-"l.^K"""" ""'' ^'i«tr?b .'
[KK.rly .M,i.ip|K.d. .. d scarcely sec.m.'led at alU.y ski* ed b^^^^^^^^^^^ "'"?" """'"'■ 'alxiratories,

eeble atte.iipts at scientific investigation .^f certah fis he ^ .r l, n '1 """' T ''"'y ""»'" '" ''*'■ ^"""^
H..tc,. F ishery Board, but little praiical good U^'::::..::^::,^^,^^, /^ i^^tl^^ll^L'^ \^

accessible. We have at last a Deiiartmeut , f \ ,,vil i* . -^ .necessities of life more abundant and
but i|i the hardly U.ss i.n K.rt u.t Wh^^ V ineffective thoughVt n^v l"

Coiil.l we .levote th.. price of a single w^"rs i , t, tl^^l ,.,"7, > f t f "'"''«'',' ''1' "''tionally doing nothing
al. ly w.th.n the sphere of govrnnient, how ^^vt w.m I.l iT slfmul^'^IP '"'"".""''? !y"'»? reaso.i-
how .ni.ii..ns,. t... bem.fit to the ,«.opI .. .Surely t.tim,^ . v .J '''the".' national interests ami
revival of I,.gisIatioii direct.-l to flill iuisf,u3t .«, ,,f ,,.; l"me'faL ^'T '^'"*'"'* ^''"" ^'ere shall U' a

he foreniost re.sults of this, th.. .piestion of a f ,/ a u ch." , su . l7,7« T/ '""' TT'.'""} ^''"'"' ''« """ "f
«ise and ,ule<p,ate treatment from th.' natioi.a Executive " ^ wholcsom,. hsi. for f.K,d will rc-ceive

ing

'he

be

tend

};

i
I