rA- S^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) f.O 1.1 130 ~^^ Hi lit u 125 i 1.4 I Ia2 13.6 LLC 12.0 1.8 1.6 «P; ^} /APPLIED j£ IIVMQE . Inc __ 1653 East Main street =--; Rochester, NY 14609 USA ^= Phone; 716/482-0300 = Fax: 716/288-5989 0 1993. Applied Image, Inc., All Rights Resen/ed o 4^ CIHM Microfiche Series (Monographs) ICIMH Collection de microfiches (monographies) Canadian Instituta for Hiatorical Microraproductions / Institut Canadian da microraproductions hittoriquaa 1 Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et biblioflraphiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. y Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur r~n Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagte Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restauree et/ou pellicula D □ Cover title missing/ Le titre de couvertu n couverture manque Coloured maps/ Cartes g^ographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Coloured plates snd/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur □ Bound with other material/ Relie avec d'autres documents n D n Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La reliure serrte peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge interieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que t<;rtaines pages blanches ajout^ lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela etait possible, ces pages n'ont pas ete f ilmees. Additional comments:/ Commentaires supplementaires: This Item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce documt.1t est filme au taux de reduction indique ci-dessous. ^°^ 14X 18X L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a M possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-4tre uniques du point de vue bibiiographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite. ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mithode normale M filmage sont indiqute ci-dessous. □ Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur □ Pages damaged/ Pages endommagtet □ Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaurtes ct/ou palliculies Q Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages decolortes, tacheties ou piqiiees □ Pages detached/ Pages detaches r~~j Showthrough/ Transparence □ Quality of print varii Qualite inegale de I'i varies/ egale de I 'impression □ Continuous pagination/ Pagination continue □ Includes index(es)/ Comprend un (des) index Title on header taken from:/ Le titre de I'en-tCte provient: □ Title page of issue Page de titre de la □ Caption of issue/ Titre de depart de la I j Masthead/ livraison livraison Generique (periodiques) de la livraison 22X 12X 26 X 16X 30X 20X y 24 X 28 X 32 X Th« copy film«d h«r« has bMn r«produc«d thanka to tha ganaroaity of: FUheries and Oceans Canada Ottawa Tha imagaa appaaring hara ara tha baat quality poasibia conaidaring tha condition and lagibility of tha original copy and in Icaaping with tha filming contract apacificationa. Original copiaa in printad papar covara ara filmad baginning with tha front covar and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or illuatratad impraa- •ion. or tha back covar whan appropHata. All othar original copiaa ara filmad baginning on tha firat paga with a printad or illuatratad impraa- •ion. and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or illuatratad impraaaion. Tha laat racordad frama on aach microficha ahall contain tha aymbol —^ (moaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha symbol V (moaning "END"), whichavar appiiaa. Mapa. plataa. eharta. ate. may ba filmad at diffarant raduction ratloa. Thoaa too larga to ba antiraiy includad in ona ftxpoaura ara filmad baginning in tha uppar laft hand cornar. laft to right and top to bottom, as many framaa aa raquirad. Tha following diagrama illuatrata tha mathod: L'a«ampiaira film* fut raproduit grica A la g4n«rosit* da: Peches et oceans Canada ObLawa Las Imagas suivantas ont M raproduitas avac la piua grand som. compta tanu da la condition at da la n^nati da laxamplaira film*, at an filma a"'** '^** '** ***"**'*'®"* **" contrat da Loa axamplairaa originaux dont la couvartura an papiar aat ImprimAa aont film«s an commancant par la pramiar plat at an tarminant soit par la darni«ra paga qui compona una amprainta d impraaaion ou d'llluatration. soit par la sacond plat, salon la caa. Toua laa autras axamplairas originaux aont film«a w comman9ant par la prami«ra paga qui comporta una amprainta d impraaaion ou d'llluatration at an tarminant par la darniAra paga qui comporta una t«lla amprainta. Un daa aymbolaa suivants apparaftra sur la darniira imaga da chaqua microficha. salon la caa: la symbols —^ signifia "A SUIVRE" la symboia V aignifia "FIN". Laa cartaa. planchaa. tabiaaux, ate, peuvant atre filmia k daa taux da reduction diff^rants. Loraqua la documant ast trop grand pour itra raproduit mn un saul clich*. il ast fiim« A partir da I'angla aupAriaur gaucha, da gaucha A droita, *!. **• **■"' •" **■•' •" P'«n«nt la nombra d'imagaa nAcassaira. Las diagrammas suivants illuatrant la mithoda. 32 X 1 2 3 4 5 6 -a.'s 6*2)7 SPECIAL REPORTS ON I.— The Fisheries of Canada II.-— On.tiie Treatment and Planting of Salmonoid Fry III.— The Propagation of Black Bass BY PROFESSOR E. E. PRINCE. B.A.. F.R.S. Commissioner of Fitherittfor Canada 1897 SH 223 P95 f-l* i ^/' •S- '<'- I !■*, ■* T ,.,.■ SPECIAL REPORTS ox I— The Fisheries of Canuda II.— On the Treatment and Planting of Saimonoid Pry III.— The Propagation of Black Bass IIY PROFESSOR E. E. PRIXCE. B.A.. F.LS. Coiiiiii imoncr of Fiaheries for Canada 1897 La deliver put in J to contt the Bril meeting risumi. Th< referreii no work fishery a othern, i ters, but oompure now e^sji Tha in their and Atia of fresh thousand which fl( tic fishin The but it cai undereati are used catches t risherrae amount a taken fro laiieij, wh Thai exceed $1 while ten more thai «i 8,386, 1( bably adei and settle from Hud An ai at about $ connected twine mar being ext< regionn w recognizes tinctive. "D N- THE FISHERIES OF CANADA. BY PKOFESSOll EDWAllD E. PRINCE. DOMINION COMMISSIONER OF j FISHERIES, OTTAWA. LsHt year I had tho honour of boine invited bv thn rinvn] «««;„.„ en deliver the annual evening addrenn at thdMay ZlnJ^It in „' /^„f t^""''^* ^ put in permanent form a popular address of Uiat naM r«^' i.u^hl^ ous omary to to contribute a short arlioJe on fi.Kos tc ho "HSbookSrl^^^^^^ ^^'' ^^ ond Atl.,u c .ho™. t«.m ^Ith «,h of tho g™ate,e ocSmk, v»l„o "hil. t „ ,vZ!n »hTl fl^ ""ll"'' 'llVPraJ""!™ I«k«l»t», counlles. in .nmborT °nd SZoblo rlvl™ « 'afnrint.tt"" '"""•«'■"« """»'y' p'-'^' "■« ■"'pi« «.id ?o;%";:l: undorosUm... ,...h,r th.„ ove^wTmrtheS vS'k Vr.fol"!'''" 'STJ,' .xc,^1f»s;o^^tK^sr;a,trd!;SdTiin';»iit;^^^^^^^ while ten yearH later (1869) it amounted to Si 376 526 Bv 1872 fh^ , ^^^^'^^P' Jl8d86 103, and official eHlimatee this year put it at $20,407,424 which do not n. I' bably adequately account for the value of fi.^ consumed by thriDdTans the EstiL? ?r"om'R h" '« 'enjote districts of the Dominion, or the large qZutSs Srd from Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait and other distant waters 1"»*"""«8 snipped at about sKoSnS"'"*"'' '^■^'^ii^ '" ST^?"' P^^^'^^^'^^g boats, nets and gear valued ai aoout »10,000,000 engage m theRe fisheries. Many nroatable inflii«f..i«u.;.T«i„ 1 si m REOIONAL DIVISIONS. (1.) The Atlantic divifiion, from tho Bay of Fundy to the coast of Labrador, embracing doep-Hcii and innhore flshories, cod, mackerel, haddock, halibut, herring, hake, lobsters, ovrttor, seal and white whalo ( Beluga) fisheries. Annual value: 810,000,000. (2.) Tho Estuarino and inland waters of the Maritime Provinces (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Queboc), iiicludin|^ fisheries for salmon, shad, ffusperoaux (alewife), stt ipod bass, smelt, and in the lakes, ouananiche or fresh water sulmon, lake trout or lunj^e, maskinonjje, &c., of the annual value of 02,500,000. (3.) The f^rcat lakes and tributary waters: Luke whitefish, >?roat lake trout, lesser whitefish (culled erroneously lake horrini^), sturi^oon, piko-porch, (dord or pickerel), black bass, brook trout, maskinonjiCe, pike and numerous carps, suckers and catfish. Value: $2,000,000. (4.) Great North-west lakes, including Manitoba and northern waters, yielding lake whitefish, stur;.'eon, pike-perch, tuilibee (a peculiar lesser whitefish), pike and gold-eye (a true fresh-water herring). Value, including newly developed "caviare" and "sturgeon sounds" industries. $1,000,000. (5.) Pacific interior, or Rocky Mountain plateau, comprising little developed fisheries, land-lotked Pacific salmon, lake whitefish, lake trout, river trout and numerous cyprinoids, none of which are propably identical with eastern species. Annual value small and unrecorded. (6.) Pacific coast fisheries which are almost unworked, if the estuarine salmon fisheries be excepted. At least seven dirt'erent species of Pacific salmon occur belonging to the genus Oncorhynchus, excluding Salmo gairdneri, the steelhead. Halibut, skill (black cod), oolachan (candle fish), anchovy, herring, smelt, and a great variety of other marketable fishes abound, but are not to any adequate extent utilized. Shark, dog-fish and whale fihheries exist, and there are limited oyster fisheries. Exclusive of the fur seal, which is an oceanic industry, less than $1,000,- 000 in value, tho coast fisheries may be given at $4,000,000. (7.) Hudson's Bay and Peri-Arctic area (Ungava Buy to the Mackenzie River), Whale, walrus, sea-trout, the inconnu, resembling a huge river whitefish, pike, suckers, sturgeon, and possibly salmon and cod. occur in these vast w.Uers, of which Hudson Bay alone exceeds the Mediterranean Sou in extent. Tho richest whaling S rounds in the world are in this little-known part of Canada, off the mouth of [ackenzie River and as far east as Capo Chudleigh, in Hudson Strait, where the Baleen whale and walrus were until recently numerous. " Th e tidal channels of Ca- nada's Arctic archipelago aredestined," it has been truly said " to be tho last home of the leviathans, which within the memory of living men, have been driven from New- foundland latitudes to the places where their survivors have now sought retreat." COAST LINE, LAKE AREAS, &0. It may be pointed out that the waters grouped in this seven-fold manner include on the Atlantic, a Canadian coast line at least 10,000 miles long, and on the Pacific not less than 8,000 miles, while the portions of the great lakes (Superior, Huron, Erie and Ontario), which lie within the British boundary line, embrace a fishing area computed at 72,700 square miles, and containing one-half the fresh water upon the surface of the globe. To these extensive waters must be added giant streams like the St. Lawrence, the largest river on the North American continent, having a drainage area of 367,000 square miles, the Mackenzie River (over 2,000 miles long), the Saskatchewan (2,000 miles long), the Eraser and Red Rivers, each 600 miles long, and others, like the rivers Peace, Nelson, Albany, Great Whale, Skeena, Ottawa, St. John, Restigouche and Miraraichi, all of which are great rivers abound- ing in the choicest species of fish. There are few iivers or lakes in this vj.st continental stretch, which do not furnish to the angler fishing with rod and line unapproachable elsewhere. The 4t of Labrador, ilibut, honing, Annual viilue: I (Nova Scotia, ies for mtlmon, iniche or frenh B of «2,500,000. iat lake trout, orch, ('lord or carps, Miiokors aters, yleliling iiHh), pike and ds" indiiHtries, ttio developed ver trout and Eistorri species. uurine ualmon Bulmon occur the Mteelhead. , Hmult, and a (equate extent limited oynter » than $1,00U,- kenzie River), 'hitetinb, pike, iters, of whicb chest whaling the mouth of •ait, where the hannels of Ca- ) last home of en from New- t retreat." lanner include on the Pacific perior, Huron, trace a fishing sh water upon giant streams nent, having a )0 miles long), aoh 600 miles ^bale, Skeena, rivers abound- which do not jewhere. The salmon rivers of the maritime provinces have no equal, and the inland waters in habited in the oust mainly by epecklod trout; and further west, oMpeoiully in Ontario, by black bass and moskinongd, afford the highest kind of ^port. Tlio large trout of the Nepigon Itivor and Luke Ncpigon in weslorn Ontario have ii reputation hardly inferior to the ouananiche or fresh-wutor siilinou of Lake St. John, in the province of Quebec. The principal salmon streams of Now Brunswick and Quebec, such as the famous Restigouclie, the peerless Miramichi, the yt. John and its tributaries, the Nipisbiquit, the Casoapcdia, the Suguonay, iVc, are for the most part leased by clubs or private parties, many of them Irom the United States, and their commodious club-houses occur at picturesque points along the bunks. Such is the value placed upon angling in some of these waters that the Cuscapedia, which may be cited as an example, was leased not long ago by the Quebec Provincial (rovorriment at no less a sum than $tJ,12r) per annum. While angling for trout and other Hsh, ex- cepting salmon, has in the past been freely permitted in the various provinces, the neceshiiy with the increase of sportsmen and the leasing of lakes anil rivers has ariseii for effective restrictions. In Ontario, for example, no one except resident Canadians can angle for bass, maskinonge, trout, &c., without a permit which is issued at a moderate fee. The Commissioner ot Crown Lands, Toronto, has power to issue free porroitH for one month for waters adjacent to Crown lands, and visitors who are domiciled for u time in Canada may have the privilege of fishing without permit or license. In waters so numerous and extensive as those of Canada the angler has no difficulty in finding hcope for his /'cncAan^ and such resorts as the Thousand Islands attract myriads of sportsmen every season. In each province indeed there are localities which abound in game fish where the angler can freely exercise his skill. In the tidal portions of rivers licenses and leases are granted by the Depart* ment of Marine and Fisheries for commercial fishing, and in the estuary of such rivers as the Rosiigouche and Miramichi, most extensive salmon netting for the market is carried on. In the harbour of St. John the net fir-hings are under the control of the citj' of St. John, but elsewhere the Dominion Government possesses the leasing or licensing power. As already staled, the provincial governments have the right to issue leases for non-tidal portions in the case of ungrantcd frontages ; but this power is vested in the riparian proprietors in the case of granted lands. In Nova Scotia and Ontario the waters, as a rule, are not leased, and the riparian owner's rights have not been very generally enforced. It is important to note that the Atlantic inshore fisheries of Canada, embracing an area of more than 15,000 square miles, are prosecuted not by Canadian fishermen alone, but by those of the United States, Newfoundland and Franco under inter- r.ational treaties. The great lakes also are, for the most part, divided between the United States and Canada, and the recorded Canadian catches represent therefore only tt proportion of the total yield of those waters. In Hudson Bay and the northern seas, as well as 'n the Pacific inshore waters of British Columbia, foreign fishermen have very lar^ • ; encroached on the fishery resources of the Dominion. There are, it may be av..djd, extensive waters as yet untried and undeveloped, and valuable resources which in the near future will add to the annual value of the Canadian fisheries. The importance of the fishiLg industries did not in the past go unrecognized. A government department charged with the administration of fishery, as well as shipping matters, was created at Confederation (l8o7), prior to which the fisheries hacl been regulated by a branch organized in 1859, of the Crown Lands Department of Upper Canada, feuch control as the provincial governments still exercise in Ontario, Quebec, and the other provinces, is carried out by the Commissioners of Crown Lands in the several provinces. Since Confederation the vast fisheries of the Dominion have been under the'direct supervision of u Cabinet Minister (the Minister of Marine and Fisheries) at Ottawa. A Deputy Minister acts immediately under the Minister, and has the administration of the department in his hands, while a Conj= missioner of Fisheries, who is also Generallnspectorfor the Dominion, has important 6 •dvisoiy and executive fanotlonN. In addition to the u«ual inside Htatt" of officers and clerks, there h a body of outnide offlcers who enforce at a yearly coHt of about llfOjOOO, the cloHt "oaaonH, and the finhery lioenHe system, collect Mtati»tic», A;c. Ihe staff inclii'lns 12 inspectors ofHshorios (who receive «700 to li.BOO per •nnum) : several hundred ovorseors, vested with magistorini powers for the purposes of tho Fisheries Act, (rojoivinK IIOO to $900) : and a still i«r>«or body of temporary flshery guardians, whose pay ranges trom 11.60 to »2 per day. A fleet of armed cruisers, costing about $100,000 annually, patrol the coastal and great inland waters exercising surveillance over foreign as well us Canadian fishing operations in Dominion waters. Finally, a bounty system is 'urried out for t'ncourugin<' the pursuit of the deep-Hca fisheries in the Atlantic, the provision for which was secured by the Halifax Awerd, (November 23, 1877), whereby a sum of 15,600,000 was paid by the United States in consideration of tho fishery concessions in Canadian inshore waters along the Atlantic coast granted to the United States flBhernien. A sum of •160,000, voted annuailv by Parliament is by this means available, and is distributed amongst the deep-sea fishermen in the Maritime Provinces. The work of the Fi>*h. ?5'*j ^«Pa''t">ent is thus e*tremely varied and important. The late Professor Brown Goode, United States Commissioner of Fisheries, at a fisheries conference in London 1883, said :— " It seemed to him that tho Canadian Department of Marino and Fish- " eries was one of tho most valuable organizntions in the world, and that the system " of gathering statislicM was one which other countries ought to study with a great deal of care. In the United States they had nothing of the kind." The collection and publication of statistics is indeed an invaluable branch of the deparlment's work. ' Tne methods of protection and restoration adopted by the Department of Marine and Fisheries are:— (1) Close seasons preventing the capture ot spawning fish. (2) Fishing liceiihes specifying the kind of net, amount, mesh, &c. (3) Prohibition of obstructions, pollutions, &c. (4) Protection of spawning grounds, spawn, immature fish, &C. (5) Artificial fish culture, as a means of supplementing natural reproduction and introducing fin h into new waters. The last is carried on by means of 14 hatcheries under the supervision of the Commissioner of Fisheries. Salmon (Atlantic and Pacific), great lake trout, and lake whitefish, are hatched and shipped gratis, if the waters applied for are suitable. A lobster hatchery at Piclou. N.S., turns out annually one hundred to one hundred and sixty millions of minute larval lobsters. The fish culture operations cost between 130 000 to $40,000 per annum, and in 1895, close upon three hundred millions of fry of the various fi.-hes above named were planted in the several provinces. A most effective aid to the protection of fish is the prohibition of obstructions caused either by dams or by nets and other fishing apparatus. Main channels of rivers may not be obstructed, and tho law requires that nets or fishing apparatus shall leave two thirds of tho course of any rivor or stream clear for the ascent of fi-h. It 18 lequired that fish-paHRe> shall be provided by mill owners or others to enable fish to ascend above dams or barriers and such fish-ways must be kept in efficient con- dition In special cases tho department is empowered to provide one-half of the cost if the Minister of Marine and Fisheries judges it to be called for. A special provision of (he Fisheries Act requires ihut fish shall not be impeded in their migrations on Sunday, and all nets, fish traps, &c., must therefore bo taken out of water, or raised or opened to allow of free passage. In British Columbia for 3tf hours each week fishing is prohibited in order to allow of the ascent regularly of a certain proportion of every week's run of salmon. A sea-fisheries Intelligence Bureau established in 1889, including between fifty and sixty stations under the charge of the Commander of the Protection Fleet announces daily to the fishermen the movements of fish and the localities for bait ' I 1 2 3 4 .*) ti 7 8 !) 10 n I'j 13 14 1.^ 1(1 17 18 19 20 L'l 22 •Si 24 25 2 13 M 15 Iti 17 18 10 •m •Ji 22 2;i 24 25 2(1 27 28 21) :m 31 32 33 34 35 :«i 37 3H 3!t 40 41 42 43 44 45 40 47 48 4!) 50 61 62 iCcxI, dried (!wt. j do tciiiKiK'H ami mmiikIr llrln! Hiilinoii, jiri'iMTMMl, ill oaiiM L|,g. I l';<''-'^^l' •■, ■.'.".■.■■.■."..'.'. Lbs. I loni-c(jd or fnjst fiah " lOulat'hons " CoHi'HP and nii.\cd fiwh.. Brls. Home coiiHUinption not included above. . Lt»8. j Kur wal skiiiN ( British Columbia) No. Hair do " Sd OH bait do do manure " do guano Tons ..Ualls. , . Brls. Total Total increa-xp IHIM. (Quantity. HI 1*1. 4 1. 'i HJ4 2H,S.W.M!I7 4,872,770 3.,s26 .V>,4)M) .■>n,470 ll,^'^l^l,o>C> I0,051,tll3 ;«i,.v>» 2,()»W,2Wi 12,;m.';,.-.<(i.' 7,374 73,424 47,1131 120,7:^ 231,(IO() .".!I,.V»7 <>,t)2ti,iiri 1,010 14,24!I,:«K» '.•,022,I.".7 ;i,!t77,:(."io 'MK'J7» !t,!tH4 IH,|()K IHH,OH!t !»24,0!>,H7(» 7.<>7H,411 .•(,.■>( >2,',>7."> 4.V),53i') l,74i»,520 15,055 2.V.>,432 I 1(IO,00 i,!i:«,2;«) 7i,;C)!i 10,4li!t 10 205 020,013 234,tJ!H; 105,209 3,015 ; rV I Value. 3,0;to.270 8,210 2,HHIi,.t70 7!t4,!H« 42,312 M,!NI'.> 2,:tOI,lilO 2115,705 20,'t,2.35 »ll7,7r)0 2;W,HiH.I i,(h;o,3hh .vi;i,70M IMsWK) 23,!NiO l22,0.Vt 22,0."^) l4H,7ii7 002,18! I 10,4,!HI1 08,181 5»,,5,"i!t,282 I 713,,5,V« .5, r«»,!M2 Oii"',020 3,180 ;(.,,liW (!M;<;j 11.894 IIHt,l71 2. 18.3, .5,50 22,280,7!H1 .■^l|.81l,t 10,!)8(l,4.'<0 221 ''O'* 37,705 5'J8,7IO 2, 127,072 loo.oifi lO.INNl.lhW 1.. 520, 028 K,!IHH I178,8;U 01,8(18 211.11.8. 00,8(17 :u,!i:i;! 12.5,122 121.201 l,IHi,fNHI 72,18(1 88,781 221,118 0,1I,"(( 1,1 18(1 ll!Ni.il!)O 104.8;{2 284,030 1,804,8,511 287,8!Hi 5.5,1177 :<()], mn 10,808 10,157 23 4,025 222 .5,328 r>.57,!4" 224,0.33 2r)O,140 :W4,210 127,^58 ; 03,8:«. 3,410 i 40,.540 20,407,424 208,0811 METHODS OF FI8HINQ. At least a dozen methods of taking fish for the markets merit, on account of theii' importance, a nassing notice. The two chief methods are the pound-nets or fish-lraps, and the gill-nets or drift-nets. The latter (gill-nets) hang like a wall in the water, with weights, suspended by lines and buoys or floats, and the fi«h, in their endeavours to pass through, become meshed by the head and Htrang ed. The loimer (pouiul-netH or weirs) consists of a "leader" which obstructs the fash and leads them into a staked inclosure, out of which on account of the arrangement ot" partitions thev do not rendily escape. Pounds of wickcrwoi k or brush are used in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia for taking sardines, herring and mackerel. Swing nets and other forms of stake-neis are used for salmon, &c., and instead of impounding they gil the fish, but the hoop-nots (or veivoux) are perhaps the most v^idely used for taking the inferior kinds of fish, catfish, suckers (cyprinoids), porch and the like, ihe hoop-net has the form of a funnel held open by a series of erect wooden hoops and set in creeks and inshore waters. A special form of trap or woir is used for taking The seine is a most effective net, but on account of its destructive nature, its use has been discouraged. To the extensive use of se'nes in former years may bo attributed the serious decline in some localities of once pi'oiific fasheries. aeoop- nets and bag-nets are used for taking 8melt8,Rlriped bass andshad. They aresuccosstully used through the ice, in winter, taking immense qutmlities offish, carried in with the tide, as the smelt, or when lyingtorpid like the striped bass, in the winter months. SALMON AND L0B8TKB CANNING. The vast salmon and lobster canning industries of Canada (salmon on the Pacific coast, and lobsters on the Atlantic coast) are in some respects the most remarkable fishery enterprises in the world. Probably nine to ten millions of nalraon are annnallv used in British Columbia, while every year from eighty to one hundred millions of lobsters are packed in the six or seven hundred lobster factories on the coast of New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Queb c and Nova Scotia. OYSTER FISHERIES. Finally the oyster, which differs from the European species in being dioeoious and in its hundred-fold more prolific character, is distributed over vast areas along the Atlantic coast constituting these areas most extensive and valuable oyster grounds. The annual yield, 50,000 to 70,000 barrels, represents but a tithe of the possible yield, wore systematic culture and judicious fishing methods adopted. Iho Department of Marine and Fisheries has for six years carried on operations, with the aid of a qualified expert, in order to restore and render more piolihc certain im- portant oyster beds. NOTES ON SOME MARKETABLE AND GAME FISH. It is necessary to add a few succint notes upon certain species of fish of prime importance, commercially, or for sport, which are either peculiar to the waters of this continent or closely allied to European species. The cod, haddock, halibut, mackerel, herring, salmon, pike-perch or dor6 (also called pickerel), the piko, smelt, eel, and other kinds, call for no special referrence, but others like the whitoflsh, striped bass, &c.. demand a brief notice. Whitefish. ' Coregonus clupeiformis (Mitchill). This fresh water sal monoid is allied to the European Gwyniad and Pollan. It varies in weight from 2 pounds to 16 pounds, and is deep in the body, the shoulder abruptly descending to the head which is very small, the jaws are toulhiess, the snout blunt, and the gape contracted. The large silvery scales upon its sides, or as some think, the whiteness of the flesh have gained for it its distinctive name. No fish is more justly esteemed for table purposes, soount of d-notH or A wall in , in their 0 iormer id8 ihem ionB thoy ruiiHwick ind oiher f ^ill the If tai';«"k trout of Canada (Salvdinus fontinalis, Mitchill). FnTn Tn ? H ^^^t^'^f ^^^''.\° ^^^ ««™'"0" »'^«'- trout (6'aimo fario, L.), of Europe. Instead of he silvery sides with comparatively large scales show ni minute red and black spots, the Canadian speckled trout has^matl scales dukf green back and dorsa fin vividly diversihed with yellow vermiform raarking.the lrfL\Tf "^T- '"'^ '■"''• ^^''.° ""'^ ^''^^l^- '^»^« '•°''d'«h paired fii show a cream-wh.te anterior margm. It is more important for sport than commerciaUv but Its game qualities are inferior to those of the English trout. ■"'"erciaiiy, mkeT/,^A''^^f^^f f-""*"'"'"' I^« Sueur) boars a general resemblance to the pike (Esox tucius, L.), but is m many respects superior. Its edible and game qualities are remarkable, and it often attains a weight of 70 pounds VhereasThe^Hko is blotched with white on Its greenish brown or dusky sides, t.. maskinonge exhibite brown blotches una pale ground colour. The branchiostegal rays are 17 to 19 in number but .n the pike 14 to 16. Most of the still waters Sf Quebec and Ontario S r- •' rn r P;?'. ^'H' ^' l' ^"« greatly decreased in numbers though sp lenc d Kk R ^^^"'^ ')' '"'^^^ Scugog, Rice, Simcoo, and other Ontario wate'^s Black Bass (Micropterus, Lacep) : The two species of black bass rank hieh in and trrVhe'fl ,'h^''fi ''^^r^^^'T ^ "^s. to 8 lbs., and ^^o bold, sfro g and gnmey. The flesh is firm, white, and of great excellence. The nest-buildinl habits and strong parental instincts of these fish are well known. Striped S (Boccus Zmeaitts, Bloch) occur in the tidal waters along the Atlantic cost Thev reach a great size (15 lbs. to 40 lbs.) and afford splendid fport. They are with the SZCin tf^^?"'""" '^-^ '^""''r ."^^""^ ^'^''' ^^' ^h«'r destruc ion when dormant m the rivers ,n winter, and the taking of the immature young in smelt nets, has seriously depleted them. j^""s '" Bmeu Catfishes or Siluroids (Ameiurus). A great variety of species occur in the rivers Tni tZ"' -"^ "" r' ?i^r^rHOtev\zed by the long feelers which project from the ipper and lower jaws. In size they range from 2 or 3 inches, to 4 or 5 feet, and as ihEre IS a good demand tor them in the United States markets, considerable cart^sh fisheries have grown up in some localities. u"*"uio oamsn nr« T-^\ *""? ^f-Tl"^^ Lepidosteus, (gar-pike) and Amia, (Bow-fin or Lake Dog-fish) are fmrly plentiful in the lakes and slow streams, especially in Ontario. These dantt%TlT''"^ ''' 'Tr^K"''"? **'*' ^^''"«^ ^"•'"«"'-«'» ««he8 which wee ab^n^ dant in the Devonian and Carboniferous ages. The fossil species were numerous ; and the iv.ng representatives few. Of the two groups of Ganoids the osseous and 'he Most of the sturgeons descend to to the sea, but one of them (Acipenser rubicundus Le Sueur) is strictly a fresh water form and ranges from 40 lbs. to^2oTbs in weigh [ while the giant B. C. sturgeon ranges from 500 to 1,200 lbs weight ^ Of the shad and the remarkable Palmonoids of the Pacific waters it is not necessary to add any remarks in this necessarily brief sketch ' of ♦hfi r«n«HU ^''ff .^''.°"^^''3^ "[t'''^ ^'^,«'' w««tern continent the richness and value ^inr^ Canadian fisheries have been acknowledged, and though the fishing fleets of me da['fi^h?Sn'tKr'"'.^'"""r^;!"'^n'^"«>"^ '^^^^ ^'' ««"^""«« prosecuted com- n®sf'"' °'''?*"''"".t*l® wa era of the Dominion, and the old colonial provinoes (he tYt^es"ofthTno?f "f,^"^'"^ provinces have taken from them incalculable quan! lrrate8tanHmn«. „ !»>« """"^t^ 9^ the old and new world, they still remain the greatest and most varied fisheries in existence. ; II. ON THE TREATMENT AND PLANTING OF SALMONOID FRY. By Professor E. E. Prince, Dominion Commissioner of Fisheries, Ottawa. In the report of this department for 1895, 1 published some notes on the culture of trout. My remarks had reference mainly to the procuring of eggs, the process of fertilization, and the management of the ova during •n«"^aV'!^' • ^„KL^?fnn appear to have aroused widespread interest, and m consequence of iheir publication a large number of attempts have been made by private parties to commence fish- culture, especially the cnlt.ire of speckled trout or brook trout From the nnmber of communications which have reached the Department of Marine and Fi.henes upon the hatching and rearing of trout, the hope which I ventured to express has been fully realized when I said " there is evidence of a growing desire in various provinces on the part of enthusiastic individuals to pursue private fish-onlture, and to second and to support the efforts of the Department of Marine and Fisheries in recuperating various waters in the Dominion." , . ,. ^ n ^ ^ ♦„ t it is true that in .orao concluding paragraphs in the report alluded to I pointed out some of the conditions necessary, not only for the successful »ncubation of the eggs of the trcut, but also for the rearing of the newly hatched fry. ,Jjf^f some details, indeed, respecting the building of ponds, and the steps desirable tc guard against enemies Jf hurtful influences, in short, 1 pointed out the precautions required in order to ensure the best results. The four main considerations for success in planting fry are : ,. , ♦ (1) The best age at which fry could be planted in order to ensure the largest results. , ^ /. . 1. (2) The season and climatic conditions I est for transport. (3) The places to be selected for planting. , , ^ ■ * ^ m The precautions necessary to bo observed when the fry are m transit. When the hutching of eggs is carried on upon an extensive scale it is very necessary to commence the work of distribution with as little delay as possible The advent of warm weathir brings many dangers which are avoided by planting in the early and colder days. , .. , u *• ' specimens of the salmonid» from, beinc atiaokld K^ o? / *^^^ it prevented the however, of experiment as yet^^nd fuf ther trhik L? T"''^""*- ^' '« "" »>«"«'•. success. j'"i, anu runner trials are necessary to establish its oj. th? tErbidTn^rrrov^iirf bichloride of mercury d luted in a 6 oz SlI h„ „ ." 7' ^* '°'"^'°" °^ ^^ grs. of this solution over the parts affected holding Ih^flt''''^'* ''"'' * camel-hair %rush them to the water, which wrchaieddail? T?« .« f^^''^"'^' ^^°''' veinrmng application his fish entirelj recovofod w h'bufa f^t' "''' '^V^"^"'' '« ^'"'^ «'^«'- one were cu.cd by a second application ' ""^ exceptions, which however, helpll^'IJy'i'^d'phnTirgVea^S^^^ the merits of planting small and and fed on artifieL ffi.T a^dmUtedS"!.^ TV''' ^^^^ ^««" "^^P' '° Ponds impounded, and the trouble and eZTnle a^eJZnl f'' •'"""' ^**'" ^^ »'« '^us being reared. Some of the best p^SturiLrirw^^^^ '^"fV'^^ •^*' ''^^^ «^« turning the tish out at once i. «. C beforo o'" !» .h« .'• ^\^™"«'«). h'-v^e advocated strongest argument m favou of Cs course Lartfmln"''.^''? ''T'" 1° ^"'''^- ^he saving of time, money and labour is thS rtlV'^tl . 7 ''l® ''''' ''^' '^^^^'^ ""^ the •kept in artifioial inclosuresand fiwi hJJ^ %^ ^'°"' ^^^ contention that fry if an5, when liberated longst the", w^^^^^ ""«'' "^ ''^ "'^"^h^ lakes, fall victims either to sta,vaio^?f,.^lP"'."''"'''*^^ '" **'«''• streams and to predaceous enemierrfroVwhich th«- hTJ"^''^''^^ ? ^"'^Si^S 'or food), or fully guarded) Verv voun,, «, !.«.. ^ .^"^^ ^^^^ ^''°™ ^^"^ hatching stage ckro- urtiifally rea^cnl "yL.O'reS '*•';'' ^««ke'- b.ethTen and with those reared by natu4 Se is^muoh ?L. J?™'^^^'"'' ^'^"^ "" «1"'*' te-'Hs, all haste in planting these frV in suUable nlaL ! T "'k '° u-^ "*''* *" f"^""'" o^' »«ing is entirely absorbed ''The? do not waK »n? f *"". ""'^''!."S ""^ '^«'«''« ^^e yolk they are supported by the co^ntentsof thTumMML '''^- . ««"^/'-«"k Bueklund "for others require protecaion! T)u rJlf It Z tiZ rn!!'"*'" ""} "V'^'^ '''"^ '^''^^^ «'» have discovered from painful exSnc,wh„»T.J''?T ^^^ ^""^ ^^ ""^^^'^ ^r I number of eggs is not sufflSnf fm- h. ' "L*"" '^'"'''* '^ Hufficient for a given out of the egfs." It is howo !er a f.ct "?h„"r"'"''''" ^'' ^".""^ fi'''^' ^h«" thoyfome swallowsmaU particles befZ the voilJAT°^^'^/''''i"'^"'''y «"'<« ««od. and the yolk has gone befo -0 the 35th or^4t^^^^^^^^^ As a' rule absorbed, say^n the 2(.th day L frv mavLili f'"^'^ ^^i^^ ^""^ «"« '« »'"'f- food to last fhem until they ie thor?u"hTv aVnf J ^^T'^^'u ^^""^ ^""'^ «"««*«"* iDgs, and are able to shift forthemsekfs^ accustomed to thoir natural surround- be lal'rVhrn^^lf;TXtdT:'S;trii^^^^ -'- ^^^ -son from long or tedious journeys rrodrd£hli^' 7'''' *?f ^'"'' «* ^'^''t ^ime has been found to be true of thrCanadIn sLni^^L . ^"l^' temperuture. The same In a series of ova which h^reachSS TS T\ ""^ ^^^ ^""'^"w trout, were then placed in trays sunnHed with !«? '''^,?o"f®'* '^"^T '» ^at^f of 48° F.,-and 12 pejatui-e of 48° to 60°. periods the water may not rise above Actual tests on spawning beds have shown that for long ACiuai lOBtB uu K r, Anri and the period of G^^^.:;^o!:::^n:si^'^o^ -tth^.^ are ^n^n^L^o^rdaS w»e editions which ^^^^:;X^y::^:^ wat 8ion from the e«g, should no ^e subjected to very low t^^^^^^^^ ranginir from 45° to 55° is nriost suitable Thecauy ngoi iry w Jhey are to be deposited is an •'"P"'-'*"^^ matter "j'J^^yXrtKm «r^ ^ept^oo Ued do little harm to fry u» es ^J« can- - tanks^^l- ;„^,.„i,way cars Lt as near u stove or hot coils. 7''«°'*'''"° "^V. „„ u * .„am over rouu'h roads, when the a rule, jou, neys by rail are 'f « P*'''^"* ^^^^^^ dIlicatro?ganizatio.. of the young fry, shocks and collisions seriously ° "^"f^vTaTthe Jst mode. Caiis specially ineven tracts. Conveyance b> boat "'^J^o '^j/^e of he^vy L'alvanizeli iron* contrived for the v»rp"«« ''?u''m^ lo to 2 JS^ They may be 24 or stout iron well tinned, and h«»J°^ 1^..^° ^^ f aU^. ot water y^ y^ ^^^^_ or 26 inches high, and say 18 inches '" d'^^^^^'- ?" the^ouJpose of preventing the cated cone, with a ".^'^^.^ "^.^."^ "/.^^ ^s 'blo- Into tie 'I.eck (iy 6 inches in splashing and oss «f ^"t^'^.f ''l' bottom of which is made of tine metal gauze, diameter), a cylindrical ^-^''^^'^fj^^Xu when nee essarv serves as a receptacle for The gauze not only allows ot ffiraticn, but^ho° nm ess ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ pieces of ice, which mo ting, ^^^^^ ««;i^,i,^'„,7fine Ss or crushed, if it does swimming about P« •<=«'« ^^'^".^'^"^"Xuid alw^"^^^ rcmembeie'd that the not melt and cool the water P'operly. Jt should alway oe ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ young of fishes, above all «'^'™«n«;<^/''J'f ' ''"'^""7 , "he lid of the can or tank has iithsland frost with impunity. Indeed «« P^^^f ^'^^i'^^^ ^^^^^ed for some hours ll^ ir^Lr-^a^ndTr aSvS. ''m TcKilhey Jan be m%st safely ^'^Tt is well known that newly hatched fish a.e far less^ardy than eggs. Jut even eggs during thefii^t few ^«i« ■^''^VSe ^pTssiW^^^ and rough fertilization they should be ««b^«^^f/'*. ''"'^/q%P°'''Xi bein^^ roughly handled usage. Salmon W ^2 day^o d d ed in 8 or 9^^^^^^^ kfoJn British during some ^^^P«•7«"';, ^7 '^th davlly very hurtfil causes, such as chemical salmon authority, but after the 4\"' ^''^ ^^T. . "d " eggs are hardy in the extreme, impurities, &c., will do them any harm and e^^^^^^^ y^^^^ ^^ ^ Nd doubt vast "umbers of ova aie lost eve.3 yea many Scottish rivers by being frozen. ?ertainlym 1H81 this loss was very j^/ ^ rivers. The famous Phy8'•• Srt^iwsurvived; but his 'experiments ;:;^\^td^rnSn:%ta;fy\^^^^^ are shipped in them witn mutn e'""*^"' . J nf l^i nno to 25 OCO travel in one of are very small and delicate will to the ""'"f^^'^^'Jj'JJV^rXut half that quantity these cans without loss if the journey be not long «"4^>'^"g'J-'?,\os favour the wise of brook trout and salmon ^yould as ^ rule suffice^ jnTach can », d regard 3,000 to nS;rp.rSluh™3;"iaa^^^ P'ope.'^ developed. weeks. for long period of 0 fry are Ler exclu- ut water ie8 whore I, too pro- kept too rs, but as when the y^oung fry, rivcH over and when rocky or 8 8pecially ized iron* nay be 24 of u trun- enting the inchcB in )tal guuze. eptacle for ho iish are , if it does (d that the hoy able to jr lank has some hours fish either g when the Qost safely eggs. But weeks utter i and rough ily handled >wn British as chemical he extreme. s of salmon any Scottish ihrey Davy, experiments rcumstances is often pro- 3 fry. Such cans the fry >h fry which vel in one of Lhat quantity ^our the wise ;ard 3,000 to y developed, B of sAit, used ill or eight or nine 1» and before they have acquired their full larval activity and vigour a greater number can be safely Hhipped lu each can. Ton cans is a full shipment for one tUm Tnd S.ohL?7k"? '" ""Tl'T' *'^"'.?'''«- ^' 'he famous Howetoun fith pond i2 Scotland, the lamented Sir James Gibson Maitland, whoRo recent death all in eresto-? lEeh^o'n '*"'■' 'V^^i'i^P »'•«. »««;? '^ conical form of can 2^ inches in diamee?;' rot the bottom, and 4^ inches in diameter at the top. The height of this can i^^l' lTf?^f„h'^/K° '"''^^'^ »^'^'" *^""'* "h'^"^ '7» P«""^^. «" that Uvo men could oa«ii; lift ,t about by means ot two strong handles fixed at points a little above the cen re of gravity about U inches from the bottom). When it is necessarr tn oonlJ fK cans alo.g forest paths or across rocky hills two poles a 'e ho • ontilly a3d to the handles, and the can is then easily carried-one man walking in tVont and the srs.5sfirstoct7by'rs'^is ''''''-' "" ''' ^'^'^- "''' "^- hLrti^ the Z^;:p^ip^pi;::^ t!:::zr:Lr:i^. i;^^i^r-!r molnf' 'ho.'^tmosphere is then cool. In any «a«e no time should be losl as 7Zy moment « of importance, and the sooner the fry are disporting themselves in S clear waters of the stream or creek the greater is the assurance of succe's HnrSn no plea whatever should fry be kept in the cans over the nSht Great mk Is rnn by a few hours' delay. If through the impossibility of obtKing a teL or other cause It ,s absolutely impracticable to at o'nce plant them they sLid be constantly watched and fresh water sp ashed in. or the water aerated by a bellows or ohiJ means Aeration is most easi y and effectively dono by lifting upwaterTn a d noeJ fmm the can and letting it fall again with a splash: but on nS acrunt shoiZthe device be adopted by blowing down a tube into the can with a view toaorS the water. Such an absurd plan has been actually adopted by some man pTtors*^ £ in blowing down poisonous air from the lungs, the water in the can alrSy "t.ated w h carbonic acid gas, becomes more vitiated and poisonous. The surest wavo moutfiS fhtSr' ''' "^^""^ "•'^'^ '"^' °' '^^««" '« '^ blow^a'irtoTth^e " F.-;f Sin n^^ ^^7^"^ "''k ^® "l"^"'^ '["^"•'"•^ *hout or the cans roughly handled. ThThLT '*'""^™«»'> knocking about," wrote the late Sir Gibson Maitland ......(ho bottom of a tank (or can) used for transporting fry should be stiffened by cross p .COS soldered underneath, as, if it saggs at all, tlie fry soon get fatigued pof- 8iblyt„canse the least spring from the bottom frightens them and therexhaust their strength by frequent and aimlesssallies through the water." The same author also wrote, " With care fry can be carried for twenty-four hours :but"he result 18 not satisfactory if the journey be loiiiier. o- uui, mo resuii 1.n„«PVi!"""^® "°/^" "-"/""*'«« of S'y «"" l>« "ont further and more easily than i-T; J '^ '•«-»?''«*'0" f the water is a difficulty. It cannot be done automaLallv as IS the case with yearlings, because the motion the water acquires tires ouTthef'rv h fact, the object ot filling the tank well in to the cone of zinc is to check t& Th. f*. "»?'*"y,flffice8 in a ions journey to change the water at appropriate intervals The fact IS well known that little salmon and trout, only 2 or /weeks old activnlv wave their pectora fins toan.l fro and thus create a'curfent of w^ei which a ds n oxygenation, and facilitates the breathing operations of the fish The actual planting of the fry is a most important matter' and a eood deal of very inappropriate advice has been published up^n this matter ^ It IS clear that fry should not be suddenly transferred from a warm can to a can of water that is several degrees higher in temperature than the lake^r strelm y..e fu t«!nP«'at»'-e should be soriiewhat equalized by mingling the two wate« before the hsh are emptied out. The temperature of the watir iSto whi^h the f?-? are to be transferred should not be .more t'hen 6° higher or lower thin the water in which they have been carried from the hatchery. ^'^"^ .>io J'-.'s hardly necessary to say that if fry art being sent some distance to be ClnH «A',K".r '*^^«"'«gtt° have all arrangements for their reception made before h« m Jo R f '"""'. """^ *u '^"•'^''^ *h* """^^ °f 'he cans and an immediate star? be made. Before placing the cans on the team it is advisable to remove the ice from 14 the covers of tne cans unless the outside atmospheie be very warm. Cana of fish should never stand in the hot rays of the sun: but a cover or sheet should be so DSflstoshMd them. Cans sLuld also be thoroughly rinsed and cooled with Wter before fry are placed in them. Fish freouently become sick before leaving The hatche,V because^bis rule has not been observed and the fry placed >d cans which havo been warmed by the sun or nearness lo a stove. . It is a good principle to find out where the fish naturally spawn m the waters, to be nlanted or if no fish of the same species occur, to ascertain where the best iaturrconditions exist. Thus whitefish should always be planted on clean gravelly Ground in fairly shallow water, or whore reefs of honeycomb rock extend Brook C and iJn should be placed near the head of streams or as far up tributaries of large rivers as possible, avoiding, however, those which dry up in «uni^mer. Lake trout do best if distributed over rocky shoals such as are selected by the carent finh. In such places as those specified there is abundance of shelter and the El fish as a rule, make at once for niches in the rock., or the protection of Ses and stones. As pike, pickerel and other predacious fish are m the spring Lcupied in spawning^ there' is less danger from these fish/.han is commonly sup- 3 especially as the first-named are then in weedy, marshy localities engaged in Sepositing theTr eggb. If sunfish, shiners, small suckers and pike appear to Zund itisbe"ttofelect some other areas which «'« f"« ^^ona these destructive pests or if that is not possible drive these fish away by disturbing the water, sweeping a net over the ground or some such method. . •» ^ ,!,;„„ ft is often the case that neither time or circumstances will admit of reaching the best and most appropriate localities. - ^ the planting must be done where it is anoarent the young tVy would not have b nder natural conditions found After Sh experience with young fry, I am . .ad to confess that planting fry upon wSa? ma? not appear the moft suitable grounds results in better success than might have been anticipated. The charge often made against offlcmls of merely dumping in the fry at the most convenient rather than the most suitable places is less grave Ihan might be imagined by the inexperienced. A man standing on shore with one K encased in a fisherman's boot, in the water can pour the ^y^e" 7 into a deep part near the edge, and the fry will immediately seek shelter. A better plan is to gently empty the fry from a boat and the fry disperse before they reach the bottom. For a few minutes the mass of young fish appear to crowd together and then spread themselves and disappear from sight. That they survive and do well admits of no doubt as the remark, already made, applies in this ca.e, viz., that the chief enemies of the young £sh are in swampy shallows engaged in depsiting their spawn In thus favouring the planting of fry in deep water where it is a matter of difficulty to plant themVDfmall'batchefin shallow water, I have the support of the late Sjr G'bsoij Mai'tland wlo wrote: "At first we used to place the fry m the shallowest wate" near the inlet of the ponds ; but they were so frightened that they used to be huddled togeher in masses ......when poured into deep water they instantly disperse, and in a few minutes have spread all over the pond in a lively and inquisitive spirit." III. THE PROPAGATIOX OF BLACK BASS Br PEO.E88CH E. E. Prince. Dominion Commissioner op Fisheries, Ottawa. That there are numbeiloss sheets of water in various Dait« nf m.„ n. • ■ which are suitab 6 lor blacl< bass but at nn «ni iniTVk? i P^'"*^*'' '"o Dominion, destitute offish life altogetheit ad^^ts^^^^^^^^^^^ ^'^ Bpeces of black bass (th% small mouth and the |Lomo,ur'°'*-''"V '^•'"''^ qualities of a tine .'ame tish and an excollnnt 1„ a^u ^f^ species), of the valuable, and thei^ artificll cuHu.e aid" dSbSn^f ''T ^n"'""'^ portance. Their dauntless and hardy nature Sth«mT. , ^. ""»"«•• "^ i"i. untried waters, and unlike the tiSnd defencelel w Jf ri S'""/.'"^ '" ""^ ""^^ strong enough to hold their oL aijaS nerch an,l '^f'^«'"'^,,^hey are bold and pike, and the more predacious kLs ^ P'okerel (dor^), or ovc-n the havet?b^?nTa7rd:^o?at^ -P-'-ent, black bass cubation in trays or in glass hrsLilStvW-n ?' "'^\^:i'^'* of ""-titiciul in- No. 1) in a fomewhaf''rxh^a::Uv ^;rg,rcrde'^^:iTarul'lT^\^^ referred to the ova of the black bass as not%errfUvrmbirfor ir.moft"' .f'''^''' ^ they belong to that class of eggs provided with a JofVm.fiu- "^^'^''"'^ «"'tuio as of which they are held together m tenacious masses TrZlT^T TK^^ '"°«"« of the same article) that they " are ge Sly nTaceTln f nf^tZf '^ ^^' /"'* ^P" ^^ separate eggs, like^^those of t^o^iut or whTtefl h aL sdeTteV^'^Thr '"'^•^'^"'^''7 senous failure is complex and arises from severl cau^ersSch I th« H'ffl t''*". obtaining ripe spawn, the peculiar nature of the e^s' which n.«J\''"''^ ""^ aeration, the evil of foul decaying matter whiohfimKH '^'>'«n. P'f^onts perfect and the contagion of adjacent Jeaf egg Suet e^'^i^'/rt"^ egg-masses, mmation of parasites and deadly fungi The (liffio!,mr ffe T.^ ^°'' ^^^ «®'"- • out ten years ago by the late PrSor J a iS^n 'Z-^"'"*'^ ^ ^^re pointed eggs, so4 ae those o^ the bSSk bass he «a^d^« o.peuae called Wl^itewator nmTklmlrt N^a^tTv!" " t''" ''«'«"«inff t" his lordship what I could learn they wouKe aho. f hL? ^^^ ,'"»^° '^^•'' ^«"Kht yet. From had done very well. -1^^ lot that w«^:.'^'''""''-^^ ^^'"'''^ »" ^hat .hey when they a/e expecte!uo commentbre'iinr '" "'" '^ ^''"" >'''"'" "''^ '" ^pri?; compami?voIy^.ho;;t''f/T 2? '"■*' ^ "r "^ '*"«^''«r -''«'« ^^e dintance is observed inlipS "j oU.er livH^r t t^Z.Z'' 'l^ *^ "«"'" P'«««»tio„': adult fiHh be placed in one ank or ttJ u ^ advisable that as few as possible and are apt t^eWouV wound ea^^'fuiv^ Hharp'„pi„e«, room should be allowed foTCs Lfhr hH k '''T'^ *""'""'"^- ^wico as much plant bass all that irnScc'sarris o m.o?u " ul'a^^lt";: "li? fiT^'''. .'^^ ^^""«- otherw.se and transport them^alivo t'oTho wa.e^sl^ltetS '"™ '^'"'■"'''" ^^ the l5 otetinVfhret'L'^^^^^^^^^^^ fi^"*^-'"*" who are in nets withoiR inS th^t^d^^^^^^^^^^^^^ "","^"' '? '"'''"^' ^^'°"' f^om theii until found conienio^ttrrrsnfHthLuw^^^^ *". t''" ^"le'- -ear by done q uito safely if the. LtHnK""*^ to tho.r mtendetl destination; this can be the o.^din«..y sffl water m';S savio o't^Io n^ P''V''"« ""^ ^» "'' '"'^'■" bas. in If they are to be caniod Hho.?HiZL "*• ^'""''"" ^^'■''° P"""'^ «"eJ with water longer^distances shipment by .tfir.r "^""'' ""^""' "' '*'"^"" '""^ ''*' "^«'^' ^«'' ofQutyS'u^llh^'^ew'r.firLt:^^^^^^^^^ BeHcviHeon the Bay f.y were hatched and rij in ^Ir.::::^:^]:;!-:^^^:^^:^^ o1 ife.X^S Vpleft ^^^rdlaSS aS ^^^ ^^^ t" "'^ ^ ^^''^^^"^^^^^^^ a fine mesTied dip-net, or a sf.no Sck ba" 2^?o 4 '--t •" ' "'" ^^ "'"'"' ''*' r'ei^a-t ^^r;;et'„? SHi^^^^^^^^ July and August The DenartmZnf w ^ have occurred which took place in coniignmenti," Lot bass t^BrSS^^^^^ '' 1896 sent a sraaS tion of then arrived on the Pacmn.nS-*i'°™ l^^'**''" ^'^^^^io, and a propor- report. Throughlnrdd^^rand^Te^ "on'TnlhrS ^^^ in last^eK's nsh, however d ed onth« wrmr q^„u ui i f. «ocKy aiountains, many of the e oxpetise s lordHhip )t. From that ihey in April, iHtance is ocautionH i) posHible •p HpinoH, a» muoh Po truiis. eimen or 0 are in om their near by s can be batss i n 1 water, UHcd, for ihe Bay pt (hOH» ibeiK of surfls or porting, said of ed soon leann of suitable }k bass aroly | liutance f) more safely, ace io ' Bmall iropor- year's of the bose of cesBfal in the youug