CIHM Microfiche Series (Monographs) ICMH Collection de microfiches (monographies) Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut canadien de microreproductions historlques D Thisi Cede Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming are checked below. D D D D D D D D D D D D Coloured covers / Couverture de couleur Covers damaged / Couverture endommagee Covers restored and/or laminated / Couverture restaurse et/ou pelliculee Cover title missing / Le titre de couverture manque Coloured maps / Cartes geographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black) / Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Coloured plates and/or illustrations / Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material / Relie avec d'autres documents Only edition available / Seule edition disponible Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin / La reliure serree peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge interieure. Blank leaves added during restorations may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming / Use peut que certaines pages blanches ajoutees lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela etait possible, ces pages n'ont pas ete filmees. Additional comments / Commentaires supplementaires: L'Institut a microfilme le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a ete possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exem- plaire qui sont peiit-etre uniques du point de vue bibli- ographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la metho- de normale de filmage sont indiqu6s ci-dessous. I I Coloured pages / Pages de couleur I I Pages damaged / Pages endommagees Pages restored and/or laminated / Pages restaurees et/ou pelliculees D 7] Pages discoloured, stained or foxed / Pages decolorees, tachetees ou piquees I I Pages detached / Pages detachees I /I Showrthrough / Transparence j I Quality of print varies / Qualite inegale de I'impression □ Includes supplementary material / Comprend du materiel supplementaire r I Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, — -■ tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image / Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'e-rata, une pelure, etc., ont ete filmees a nouveau de fagon a obtenir la meilleure image possible. j I Opposing pages with varying colouration or discolourations are filmed twice to ensure the best possible image / Les pages s'opposant ayant des colorations variables ou des decolorations sont filmees deux fois afin d'obtenir la meilleure image possible. r This it Cedo 10x em is cumen filmed testf at the reduction ratio checked below / Ime au taux de reduction indique ci-dessous. 14x I8x 22x 26x 3nx 12x I6x 20x 24x 28x 32x The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: National Library of Canada The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol — ^ {meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: 1 2 3 1 2 4 5 iced thanks L'exemplaire filmd fut reoroduit grace A la g^n^rosit^ de: Bibliotheque natlonale du Canada t quality legibility h the are filmed ing on >d impres- te. All ng on the upres- a printed Les images suivantes ont iti reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettet* de l'exemplaire film6, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimde sont filmis en commencant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont film6s en commencant par la premiAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la derniire page qui comporte une telle empreinte. iche "CON- END"). Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la derni^re image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN ". d at ge to be med left to s as ite the Les canes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent etre film6s d des taux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour etre reproduit en un seul clichi, il est film6 d partir de Tangle supirieur gauche, de gauche it droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 4 5 6 I MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2^ 1.0 I.I 1.25 IIIIIM 2.8 1 1 2.5 m 1 '■ m 3.2 1 ^^ 2.2 i^ III— 2.0 1.4 1.8 1.6 ^ y^PPLIED IM/^GE Inc 165"^ East Mam Sfeel Rochester, .Sew York K609 (716) 482 - OJOO - Phone (716) 288 - 5989 - Fr.x USA ^$/d TlCle epcaft tor tbosc wbo cannot spcah tor tbemselvcs. THE CHECK- SEli T Reasons Why it Should be Abolished. The Humane Society earnestly hopes that each person in Toronto will consider it his or her duty to promptly report cases of cruelty to children and animals. Communications are kept strictly private and confidential when secrecy is enjoined, but correspondents are particularly desired to give their names, as neglect of this caution sometimes prevents proper investigation of complaints. *->*-C-»^ ISSUED BY THE TORONTO HUMANE SOCIETY, 103 BAY STREET, TORONTO, In the hope of influencing drivers and owners of horses against this cruel custom. TELEPHONE I988 J. J. Kelso, //(>«. Secy. Miller & Soole, Printers, 31 West King St. Torontc n NATIONAL LIBRARY CANADA 4 BIBLIOTHEQUE NATIONALE i { 1 \h THE CHECK-REIN. A Plea for its Abolition. 1 \ i 11 Thf attention of The Toronto Humane Society has of late been especially called to the growing cruelty, in Toronto, of tight-checking horses, and the following facts are given in the hope of inducing drivers to abolish this cruel and unnecessary restraint. Sir Arthur Help said : — " Whenever I see horses suffering from a too tight check-rein, / know the owner is unobservant, ignorant, or cruel. He is unobservant, or he would know that his horses are suffering ; he is ignorant, or he would know that a horse loses much of its power pulling, and cannot recover himself if he stumbles ; and he is cruel, if observing and knowing, he does not remedy it." Besides destroying grace and ease of motion (which the constraint of the tight check-rein must do), the poor animal, while standing, suffers increasingly with nervousness and restlessness, which find vent in the involuntary movements which not unfretjuently call forth punishment from the ignorant driver. Those who own draught horses would do well > consider the tax which the check-rein adds to the animal's burden. THE CHECK-REIN. Many a tired horse, not thus fettered, droops his head while waiting, and so obtains the rest, which helps to repair his wasted energy before he again starts on his toilsome journey. Even a loose check- rein must prevent the horse from obtaining complete rest, and we must conclude that this strap is cruel, just in proportion as it prevents his head from falling into its natural position. The check-rein is considered valuable to prevent horses from grazing or lowering the head. The same end may be equally attained by substituting a simple bridle rein, to be fastened to the saddle without passing through the loops of the throatlatch. The Arching Neck and Bended Head. The Creator formed the horse " with arching neck and bended head," a perfect combination of usefulness and beauty. If man by taking thought reins up a horse's head, thereby trying to improve the natural arch, he defeats his own object, because the neck is forced above and beyond the lines of beauty, which " lie within narrow limits," and the result is a stiff and stretched out appearance — to say nothing of the pain and inconvenience occasioned the animal. If a horse has been abused, and under continued abuse has lost spirit and courage, his head will droop and decline below the lines of beauty, exactly on the I THE CHECK-REIN. 5 same principle that a man, once proudly erect, becomes stooped by trouble and discourage .lent. Neither mechanical contrivance nor fashionable torture can restore lost spirit to a horse. No remedy exists but careful treatment and proper encouragement. Either owing to the bustle of life or imperfect education, many people otherwise very worthy seem to forget that their horses have feelings, arc sensible to cruelty, and appreciate kindness. Opinions of Medical Men. We, the undersigned practitioners of medicine, le-iiling in Toronto, coincide with George T. Angell, of lio^,lon, in his views as regards the cruelty practised on horses by the use of an over- tight check-rein, especially the over-check form of rein. C'l. Steklinc Rve«son, M.D.C.M. \V. J. (ilI!H WiSHART. S.K.C.P., Eng. I believe the old-fashioned check-rein, when loosely worn, is harmless ; but I regard the over-draw check-rein as a cruel barbarity, which ought to be condemned by law. Frederick W. Strange, M.R.C.S. There is no excuse for fhe use of the overtight rein. Clipping is also fraught with mischief. The services of the horse are greatly lessened by these practices, and the poor animal is subject to pain and disease in consetjuence. James Thorburn, M.D. •My experience is that the old-fashioned check-rein is harmless if worn loosely, but I consider the overhead check -rein is a useless and painful encumbrance. f. L. M. Grasett, R.C.S., Eng. 6 THE CHECK-REIN. I do not consider that the old English check-rein is harmful if loosely worn. The over-check is unsightly, cruel, and unfit for use. Albert A. Macdonald, M.D. I consider the over-check line unnecessary and cruel. J. r. Russell, M.D., Edin. I heartily endorse the above condemnations, and would also add my protest against the cruelty of mutilation practised on the tails of these noble animals, depriving ihem thereby of the means of self-defence against the northern l)last and flies. W. T. AlKENS, M T^). I think the over-check-rein causes unnecessary pain, and should not be used. A. II. Wrkhit, M.D., To. I endorse in every particular the opinions above expressed in regard to the senseless and cruel overhead check-rein, and it is to be regretted that the owners of horses who subject the dumb animals to the resultant torture should not have inflicted on them for a short space of time the jiain ihal must be occasioned by the abuse of the custom. C. W. COVERNTON, M.D. I can testify to the cruel barbarity imposed upon horses by the over-check. I have no hesitation in condemning it as in the highest degree injurious, and a severe torture to the poor animal, whose owner knows so little as to insist upon his wearing it. I have no hesitation in saying it ought to be condemned by law. Charles Shrard, M.D., M.R.C.S., Eng. The over-check-rein is both injurious and barbarous, and ought to be prohibited by law. J, Algernon Temple, M.D. I consider the over-check most cruel and unsightly, causfng the horse to hold his head in an unnatural position. I am not aware that it lias a redeeming feature. EnwARi) W. .Spragge, M.R.C.S., Eng. THE CHECK-REIN. 7 I consider the over-check line in carriage or buggy driving most cruel and unnecessary. It hampers the movements of the horse's head, and must cause acute muscular p.iins and cramps. Am.kn Baines, M.D.C.M., L.K.C.i'., London. The old-fashioned check-rein, if loosely worn, is harmless. The ovcr-check-rein is useless, unsightly, and the cause of great suffering to the horse. S. IlERnERT BURN'HAM, M.D., F.K.C.S., Eng. Toronto, General Hospital, May 6, 1889. I am happy to endorse every word expressed in the foregoing certificates, and I am strongly of opinion that the over-check not only gives constant pain to the horse, hut makes hini cross, irritable, and sulky. C. O'Reilly, M.D. 97 College St., Toroiio, May ()., 1889. Do away with all tight check-reins and heavy curl) and snaflk* bits. W. II. Olii'mant, M.l!., L.R.OC.P.S. Opinions of Veterinarians. The Humane Society would advise all owners of horses to purchase a copy of the " Horse Book," which may be bought for 1 5 cents. • In it will be found an immense amount of useful information. Speaking of the side check-rein, it says :— " The weight of scientific testimony is against this pernicious fashion, as sho,m by tlie following overwhelming condemnation by veterinarians sent to us, without fee, solely in the interests of humanilv. \\c, the undersigned veterinary surgeons, are of opinion that the use of the bearing-rein, when tightly 8 THE CH£CK-REIN. applied, is painful and irritating to horses, is directly or indirectly productive of disease when regularly worn, and by its mechanical action gready hinders horses from employing their full strength. For the above reasons— on the plea of utility as well as of humanity— its use should be discontinued. PROF. PRITCHARD, Royal Veterinary College, London. PROF. AXE, Royal Veterinary College, London. PROF. IVALLE Y, Royal Veterina>y College, Edinburgh. PROF. McCALL, Veterinary College, Glasgow. PROF. .VA YER, Agricultural College, Cirencester. PROF. McGILL, Veterinary College, Glasgou>:' Then follow tne nam of 564 members of the Roval College of Veterinary Surgeons, after which ten pages are taken up with special remarks by forty veterinarians and other practical horsemen, in which they describe the particular diseases and evils which arise from the use of the bearing-rein— diseases and evils which have been discovered, in a great measure, l)y years of experience in the post-mortem house and the dissecting room, as well as through connection with a horse insurance comi)any. The evil effects on the circulation of the blood, upon the veins, and upon the arteries, are also described by John Adam McEride, Professor of Veterinary Medicine and Surg« >. I Stumbling. If a hor.se stumbles he is not able to recover himself THE CHECK-REIN. directly egularly hinders For the 11 as of London . 'nhurgh. or regain his legs with the bearing-rein on, and broken knees follow as a consequence ; whereas, if he has no bearing-rein on and stumbles, the probability is that he will recover himself without injury. This I have seen over and over again. W. J. Arkcoll, Macclesfield, Royal College Veterinary Surgeons. It is the tightened rein in the driver's hand that helps the horse when he stumbles. ; of the r which by forty in which ils which ases and measure, Duse and )nnection 'X-ts on the upon the McBride, ) er himself / Painful and Useless. When a check-rein is used it should never be so tight that the horse cannot put his head where he would put it without a check-rein, when drawing a load through sand oi hill. The check-rein is in nearly every case painful to the animal and nsekss to the driver, because it fastens the head in an unnatural position : and, as the horse's shoulder and head fall together, cannot be of any real support in case of stumbling. An Important Difference. There is an important difference between a tight check-rein and a tightened rein in the driver's hand. The first is injurious, while the latter is often useful ; because the latter is a steady support to the animal's lO THE CHECK-REIN. head, from a distinct and intelligent source, the driver, whereas the former is only the horse's head fastened to his own shoulders or tail ! The check-rein is incon- sistent with the action of the horse's head, as clearly shown by the fact that when a horse falls it is gene- rally broken. Renders Falling More Frequent. Instead of preventing falling, the check-rein is calculated to render falling more frequent. Other not uncommon results of its use are, distortion of the windpipe to such a degree as to impede the respiration ever afterwards, excoriation of the mouth and lips, paralysis of the muscles of the face, etc. It is a useless appendage, supported only by fashion. I feel that if this were more generally understood, numbers of excellent persons who now drive their favorites with check-reins would discontinue to do so. William Pritchard, Professor, Royal Veterinary College, London, Eng. In connection with the check rein, swollen glands, poll evil, roaring, giddiness or apoplexy, coma, inflammation, megrims, and softening of the ijrain are among the troubles spoken of in the " Horse Book " by veterinarians, and George Fleming, of London, Eng., gives twelve reasons why it should not be used. THE CHECK-REIN, II e driver, fastened is incon- s clearly IS gene- Ic-rein is )ther not 1 of the spiration md lips, a useless ;1 that if ibers of ites with 'ege, Eng. I glands, , coma, le ijrain " Horse ning, of : should f The Horse Book. This edition has been revised by Mr. Fleming, Army V^: jary Inspector, War Offiice (F.R.G.S., M.A.L, Pijfident of the Central Veterinary Medical Society ; President of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons ; author of " Travels on Horseback in Mantchu Tartary," " Horse-shoe and Horse-shoeing," "Animal Plagues," "Rabies and Hydrophobia," " Veterinary Sanitary Science and Police," " Practical Hore-shoeing," " Vivisection — Is It Necessary or Justifiable?" etc.) It has been approved by several other veterinarians, to whom it has been submitted. John Colam, Secretary. R.S.P.C.A. The price is only 15 cents. The Docking of Horses. In Massachusetts this crime is punished by imprison- ment, or a fine of from $100 to $250 from every person who authorizes, does, or assists in this cruel operation. "