CIHM Microfiche Series (Monographs) ICMH Collection de microfiches (monographies) Canadian Institute for Historical Microredroductions/lnstitut canadien de microreproductions historiques @2^^^ Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the Images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming are checked below. 0 Coloured covers / Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged / Couverture endommag^e □ Covers restored and/or laminated / Couverture restauree et/ou pellicul6e I Cover title missing / Le titre de couverture manque I I Coloured maps / Cartes g6ographiques en couleur □ Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black) / Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) □ Coloured plates and/or illustrations / Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material / Rel;6 avec d'autres documents Only edition available / Seule edition disponible Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin / La reliure serree peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge interieure. Blank leaves added during restorations may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming / Use peut que certaines pages blanches ajoutees lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela etait possible, ces pages n'ont pas ete filmees. D D D D L'Institut a microfilme le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a ete possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exem- plaire qui sont peut-etre uniques du point de vue bibli- ographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la m6tho- de normale de filmage sont indiqu6s ci-dessous. I I Coloured pages / Pages de couleur j I Pages damaged / Pages endommagees D Pages restored and/or laminated / Pages restaurees et/ou pellicul6es Pages discoloured, stained or foxed / ^ Pages decolorees, tachet6es ou piquees I I Pages detached / Pages detachees L/f Showthrough / Transparence I I Quality of print varies / D D D Oualit6 in6gale de I'impression Includes supplementary material / Comprend du materiel supplementaire Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image / Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont et6 filmees a nouveau de fagon a obtenir la meilleure image possible. Opposing pages with varying colouration or discolourations are filmed twice to ensure the best possible image / Les pages s'opposant ayant des colorations variables ou des decolorations sont filmees deux fois afin d'obtenir la meilleure image possible. Q' Additional comments / Commentaires supplementaires: Pagination is as folloHs: p. 207-231. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below / Ce document est filme au taux de reduction indique ci-dessous. lOx 14x 18x 22x 26x 30x 12x 16x 20x 24x 28x 32x The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Library Agriculture Canada L'exemplaire filmd fut reproduit grace ^ la g^n^rositd de: Library Agriculture Canada The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol —hi*- (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les images suivantes ont ix6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin. compte tenu de la condition et de ia nertet* de l'exemplaire filmi, et en conformit* avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprim*e sont filmis en commencant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la derniire page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression &u d'illustration, soit par le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont film^s en commenpant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la derniAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la derniire image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — h^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Les cartos. planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent etre filmAs d des taux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour etre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est film^ i partir de Tangle supirieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 AAiror-^OpY RESOLUTION TEST CHART ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 2 1.0 I.I 1.25 mil 3 2 1.4 |||[Z5 II 2.2 I 2.0 1.8 1.6 ^ -APPLIED IIVHGE Inc FROM THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA SECOND SERIES-1899-1900 VOLUME V SECTION IV GKOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES RECENT ADDITIONS TO THE LIST OF INJURIOUS INSECTS OF CANADA By JAMES FLETCHER, LL.D , F.L.S. FOR SALE BY J HOPE & SONS, OTTAWA ; THE COPP-CLARK CO., TORONTO BERNARD QUARITCH, LONDON, ENGLAND 1899 I Skction IV., 1801). [207] Tkanb. 1{. S. C. L IX. — Unnit Addiliiiiis hi llic List of hijiirimts Inserts of Canada. \\\ . I Wilis lM,Ki(iii;i{, lifi.l)., I'.fj.S. (Kc.1.1 .Miiy •-'."). IsiKt.i ir.irdly II yciir passes but sonic new iiaiiR' is iiddod to tho list o£ tlidsc iiist'iis uliicli attack to a iiotici"iil)li' extent our various cultivated crops!. In ISdit. the late Di'. ('. V. Riley loj^an to publisli his rcnmrkablo scries of l?e|iiu'ts on the .\o,\ioM> Insects of Missouri, and Cor many years, 'AS indeed to a lar<:e extent it is to-day, this was the most reliable and important source of reference for all who roqnirecl information upon injurious insects "and llie Iw-t way |o control tlieir ravages. In iss:i. ])]•. William Saiinders pnlilished liis most useful bonk on fnsrrls lujurinus to Friiils — n wnvk which Iras biH'n of enormous value' lo the fruit irrowers of Canada and tho United States in preventing,' loss in tlicir fruit crops. ill ls:o. one year later than Riley began to publish his Missouri reports, lliroiinii the eiu>.gy of J)r. Wm. Saunders, the Rev. C. J. S. r.elhum' and .Mi'. I".. r.aynes-l?eed, the lirst Report of the Entomological Soriclii of (hiliirio appeand. 'i'liis series then begun has been issued regularlv ever since and is a eompeiidium of most useful information concernin J the injurious insects of Canada, but particularly of the Pro- vinco of Ontario. The Cauadinn Entomoloijist, a monthly magazine, also ])ui)lislie(l by the J-lnlouKdogical Society of Ontario, contains many articles of interest to the |M-actical 5igricultiiri \('!^(' iKlr 1h --;-;:;-,:;'i:,;;;'n;:::;.r.;:r::r;,;:;: ,1„. l.alancc nt' tlic ratio of occnnvnee. n.niurv, ,VlH.n an n>..a is inlvo.Uu..l ac.ulonlb ' ^ ^ :,, it. nat.o lan.l. lu.in, ai~o inn-o,ln..a . h n^^^^n^ „ • ;.,. .,,.„ Il;,l,l,. to luromc sciMou. cnemu^. ni i'uivi,i:-n ^l.l•l•il■^ aiv liahl^' b this has Ihtii ivniiMlit'') h} V ,hr suh^f^m'..,! artilioial intma.U'lion o£ ;::::;;::i^;:-;:;;:r::';:::;:;:V.:;::;::,.-: .- ' -^ iH....' " ''":\:':::x:'^. '^^"■'^^"'"^'"■ ^M,r,.^: 111,. |.iv.v"l l«M-i !'■" """',, ;„i„.i„H i.ls.rl will 1.0 l,nin.l notrsa> to llir limr ol llu 1,1,1 V workers has oual)lod ^„„, „.,, ,,,.i ,H.nu.lic.s thai th. exi.ari..nco ^' /"j' • ji,^,„,,t ,lass.s ol .Top. atta.kHl. m injurious crop pests, n--'---" -" =":'"^'">- T^' " t^ .!u .1 toverM concerning them 1,„, n,.\v farts of importance haMn,^ be. u ,r see.ns a.lvi-ahle to inclu.U' tliein licre. um, e it [n-Eit'iiKiil INJURIOUS INSKCTS OK CANADA 209 re rs it- X- )3. m, it Ki«. I. -Tin- Ain.iU'an Frit-lly- Miiritiin.. I'niviiifcs. apiu'iiiva lUi'l rcMUirc 'I'lH. XnuTuiu, Frit-lly (Osoni. varb.narw, Loo^^.), amnbc.a.mUlH'liiol>ist..ryKive.Mn thore,>ort of tlu- Dn.ninion Kxrcn- montul Far.ns tor is'.H) (u.ulor th. aieH ■ TWorto arc tl.o fliiinc U8 those lor two insocts l)oii.,ii siinilur, v'^- d) Lu,. sowit.i,' offuU wl.^'uti (2) I ar- vovvin-. of stubbles (or in Iho West the ,,.,„i:. over ..r l'><:;:^!;'';^. :);;;'" ,,,.,,,,i,irerliH.ers in spring. < ' ^-::;;;,:',::i;;j:tn:tir;!:.oii>>u... h.Hcelatlndwinlleaa NW 1, ; ^^^^ lion of the injury at Ithaui, ^■\-'' ,,,,en Mr. „,,,, ..nnjury to grain crops i:"^'"^; ;;^^..,,, Wc.nman,of Souris, Manitoba, lound lan« iniuun \>cniii.iii, ' . , la ..n.l those of some oi nis Llmving »un„.cr. (Re,. ;;^I',, --;, "'.fwl^t^i „.., ,.. t:::^>J:^^^^'rr^:x^- \,orinKs;('')eirculivr ,ng it ovcr bclorc mo .oeU.> ^i.nown c^twor.s. ^^^^ -Z:^^ indicated by its pallid colour, a ^^J^^^^L^^ H^bL also the habit ,ower stems of various me„.,.er^^^^^^^^^ ^.^^.^, ,, ,i,,t of occasionally becoming a Chmbin„ ^ l.'ip. 2.- HiiHi' of straw infestcil l)y O/''"'-'* : (?'l Ks ; (( , cut ; t'') si'cUlfrcd \)orinn«- (Fif^vu-o kindly lent l,y Prof. .1. II. Coin- stock.) 2^o |u)YAl. HKIKTYOI «ANAI>A , ,-ui... M ^'"■^'"'7;M!:::l:"■:V:l:::- '"-"■' „„„„ m,„.l.l> M. -vvr..! |,a,l-..l ". ' ,l..-v t'»v in".v."i'- '■'' „,„| ,u.s,, .,..■..>■.■ i.. ll„. -»m.- .l.;.n.l' 'I"" - , „,,„,,,,,„„,|...l "1.^ „,,„,„r„.|„.»,,..M...n,U.,,.u^0M,.>.....l"Hl'\ ,,„,,,„,,, .-, ■;n,;r;;tJr,.j; ;r . :-"^^"-- "■- "^'''^ ,,,,,,,. i„j„„.., n,,,,h,....^^ . - l.v ,lR.».. .■.".■r|.i - II"' "»'"■'" "•■'; •"''", ,„„ ,„„|. „. . r.-.,l,. wi,h s„;,.,i.i.. .■.-..,.. ■>'>'r '"■■ "■'".";;:,:;■', ;. , ,i... >-.■:..■. ..« i-H,ui,.rU,..ii..M-v,,,.,,,,,"...;.,.":^ - ,„.„„,„„ , „„s ,1... ,.1... ". "..".> |.l.".- il"-' '■"',.,„,„„ ,|„, ,„i ( whi.!, U ""■'l-l ■■'■ ■''-"-■ '""' '"";"""' ■ ,■ ... i. .1..- '"-'":^ ", ..( M"k.--.i """■v,"7'">;, ■',,,;: ,r,,., 1,, ....."• • ;■'"' ^:;:;:;. ::;::: ■.';'v"->,,M, ,"... > -.:-> • •-":;:: ''r:''';,;f';s!::;::''',".,. s,..„„.v-r...' -.-v >-■; , -..i-.'.r.- 1-" '-»" """ ^"'■'''■" i;;':„;:::,„ .:"".■,•«.,".. of » niotli. uiul, unless Hire was tak.Mi in slirlliiiK prase, s.mu' ,,t llieso " worms " wore sure to ai.iK'ur on tl.o tiil,lo. As far as 1 cjin learn, nolliinu' was pub- .^C0J^'^^ insect of wl.ieb these - worms " were thocatori.illars, until 18U4, when the first of soverul articles concorninf: it appeared (Rep. ^ '.^"i l..i,,,T^'The l'..a M<.il-.-nalunil si/e and ., P . tsiir^Froni the time of thJ^^ar at wlueh the ,.erfeet nu.th ;-:-wr.e:;thaftl.e..l.P IN,lUKIOU8 INSKITKOI' CANADA 2tl lo,-», i;o,„ M'WUPS ANU^^KaKTAUl.K.. .,1 1 i>.,ii,l.iii (Aphis rumici'i, L.)-— '^"^ li' „,,,„,„lM/..'Hn.l.'i.laWea. llic tont in Caiwi.Ui. A lew y»MU's ivjro (IHO'i). h«)Wovcr,ivuotl"i't w„H nui.lo to i,.tn>.l...-o ilorHo HouKH into cuUival ion for uso !is!iliiu'i>ly»'«'V«^"""'*^'"^'^'''' pl-int It wivsnotl()i>i,'(l«''-^) l,oto,vtlu.vvoll known lu'Hl of ,1,.. Uro:ul aiwl ll'-rsc Bc-iins, th.-'Uhuk i»..ii.irm"nfr,n2:- lish t:irn> r., nni.io it. ai^lK-iir- ,^„(,e. :ina was ono d tl.e t-iusOH \vhi*li prevented tliew ,,.^ t'liu-an .\i>lii- ,„ |„. ,„,u-. Iml :.!-" 1"-1'»'';'"'' ",t , re-^uluriy occurring l..,-!, ,„„ ,„„ ,„., ,r»i,. a..l .■„;.■ »;;:;';' *^' f™^i thl. luL.., as will, the ,„, ,„,, ,i.|,, „i, 1 1,0 best remedy lor ^^^^ .^^^^ .,.11 k I'- W,.,.u, ''•■:"*r ':; ;;^'i 1 .ecviU in*.,. .1,0 1- " -""-■ '"■" '""u-'-.rL , r. i .arL....l ^^P^'^ «'"; ,^.e.N a- ?oon».i^ !M.«s!l)l.> aflei tlu ciop ^^^^ ^^t ,\:;;i,,,,, .,. ....„„n is tlu; ;>-t treat^^w, -^^ -^ ^^^^^ ^^, ^^,,^ ,,, r,;,,„,ten .hat this linm. '^"^'^..^^I^hoLst convenient way to .„,,, ,„ nu.ir oxtrenu. -'^-'""'f ;^;,^, taTo barrel and pour on ,„,.,,,. .,ea is to ph.e . ;;; ;;; ^-^, ,.. every 100 pounds the beans one onnce oL lu >> => ' .^ ^^^^,,, o,. dolh, ::r::;;^w:.;'"n:::: ':::'-:':-■-- '■"■•■■"' """'"" f,,i two (lays at l.'iist. o,o KOYAL SOriKTY OF CANADA The Turnip A,.lu. (-1/-/.^ I>n..i.,. L.).-).' Uie year, sonons in- inn- I.>s l..n .' nuMo en>,.s onunnps ana oUk. .ne,.U,o. ^^^^ '''■-' • ■ oointry is now very t^'onerall} v: /- ^ ■^ I'ig. 5.— Turnip Aithis— Piilarjicd. ki own' as tl.e Tunnp Aphis. A 'huu.ij;h occurring injurious- ly lur many yours, the tirst fuhlishcd rHorciice sccins to iKivoheon in 1S85 (Hop- I^^'"" Knt. Dopt. AKi'it'' <--i"-' ^^^^)- The smooth-leaved varieties of tvirnips sailer most. and. as a rule, little is done by turnip (.•rowers to eheek its rava.ij;es, ;;:t:;::::::;:;;::::,::;;:::;ar;;r;;;:::;: ::::;;: ^ spraved with a knausaok >\n,\y\, u.iik^ t upon Columbia, l)ut is raro towards Ih ran're. A i'nH account of the life history is given in the Ife- purt of the Kxperimental Farms for 18tt2. page \')2. The Spinach Carrion Beetle (S'Iphn hltuherusn, Lee.).— In the I80;i ra'jiort of the Kxiieri- mental Farm,s, page 174. men- tion was made of injuries to certain garden crops at Cal eastern and western limits of It- gary hv tin he larva? of this Fig. O.-The Beet Carrion Heetlc, INJURIOUS INSECTS OF CANADA 213 rK..^CHKR] INJURIOUS lNSKi;i» ur v,«.,^.^-^ ininic of their attacks upon ""^■>'^'' „.i .ine. t.u.u ;---^'>\ -::^^ ,tt^ beeam..^ 1.1-ts l,el..n,in, to Iho Spn-l. a .1 -^ ^ .,^,,. ,^, ,,,u. an,l i. A Kur.,K.au .poeu.^ -/,/.< <;/- ^ L;j - ^ ^,,^,^,^., ., ,,,..,1 Known as the Boot Carr.on '- ^ ^ ^^ ^^..li,,, .eonomic .ntumolo- ,i„,„ 1,y Miss K. A. (.,n.eru,1 the .;nun nt ^^^^^.^^^ ^^ ,i,t. As a renu.dy a,ai,.t t ese .'--• ^ ^^^^ ^,,^ eont.ining s,,ravi...- <.r ^n^^tin- ihe.n v.ith ,.u,s,mou> ,n.-ccticule., ;,,.s(.ni.'l,ein,ir tlu' mcst useful ^^^^^^. ^. ,(,,. :;;;::;,;;r;::;::;:i'L;:>::ru:i."-.'. , ;„ x.. n-.,,,™.. ..u.™ parts of the i.rovmeos ..t Qucbce and Ontario (in the ^^* EuHt), is the Carrot Rnst-tly p^-=4 of Europe. In 1885 infested ' - ' carrots were found at Ot- tawa, Ont. (Rep. Hon. Knt J)op. A-r. Can., 18Sr,), and since then this insect has at (litre ont times caused rather serious losses in some other parts of the Kastorn prov inccs. The red carrots are much more attacked than ^^^ Surface treatment thi' whih' ones, hut no kinds a ai ' • _^ have -ivon good results -tl> '•-••-'-•'' '>•' ':''"V" TviJt^er e..,.s.' Late sowing has also ,..cn round very use ul. '^^.^'^ '"\ .^. ,^^^,, y,,,,, packed should be ^':^.;r:;ci"M it:!r;n';.!"oMhoseiarv.w^ ;.,„,,, ,„,e been considered to he ^ ' H^'^'^^';^^ ,^^^ f.^.a boring ,., ,U,rin. several years ^^,^;:''; ^^ '^^^ '^eeeded in obtaining in these plants in Central ( anada 1 ^'''^']'' ^^^ ^^ ^,elieYe ,„v ..ther species than 7/. -/"/'/"•";'"; X;,,^"; p e'vionsly as -the that this is the .nseet w >eh as b a ^^^^^^^ ^i, ^,,tato, Stalk-borer.-' Not only does the hma attac t ^^^ ^^ ^^^^_ UU it bores into the stems oC abuost every ^^h 'Ian ^^^^ eulent eondrtion if they are tluek enough ^J^-^u-te y ^^ is possible other than the outt.ng out of the lana 1 detected hy the fading of the leaves. Ki- V-Tl>e Carrot Rust-Hy-natural sized, 5, 7), and enlarged (2, C, h). 21- KOYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 'i"lu) lllack Ariiiv-wui'iM {Xiiiimi fniiiirn, 'I'auscli.). — Sinoo 188-4 (li('|i. Vaw. '>iicli iiuinhcrs as Id irain for it the naiiu' of the JUaok Army-worm, a (■frtaiiraiiiuuiil (if damage miisl be attributed every year to ibis sin'cies. In vi'ars of small oeeiirn-nce tlie caterpillars are eontiiu'd iiio.-tly to clover liidds and do not attract attentinu, l)ut wben ubinnlaiu tlifv s|iiTad from llir clovrr and attack almost every kind of succulent jijant or slinili. When full-grown the larva' are large, velvety black caterpillars, striped with while, two inclics in length and very raveiioii,-:: as they develop early in the season, their de])i'e(l'atioiis among yruing vegetalde~ wvt' someiiiiies serioii- hefore they are noticed. 'I^ho best means of checking thi-; and all kinds of cutworms is to use what is known a.- the ■"poisoned bran ivmetly,"" oi' which, — as it is so remarkalily succe.--.|ul and the subject nf a satisl'actoi'y remedy against cutworms is of .-iicli general interest, — it may lie well to give here a full dcseriiition oi the preparation. It consi-ts of a mixture of liran and I'aris green in the proportion uf .'lO ^^i ihe foriiicr anil I of the latter, in making this mi.vturo (which may lie applied either wet or dry), it is best to dampen the lu'an sliglitly with water containing a little sugar. After mixing thoroiiirhly. so tliat tin- whole mas- may lu' permeated very slightly with iiioi.-.ture. add the J'aris green h\ shaking on a very little at a lime ,ind sti^-riug it in. if the I'aris green were udded to the bran when it is jierl'eclly ilry, it would, owing to its weight, sink at once to the bottom when stirred, if it is desired to use this mixture as a wet afipli- cation. nioi'e sugar and water mu.-t be added until it is of about the same consislciu-y as porridge : hut. if it is to be used dry, a little more dry bran may be added until the mixture will run through the lingers easily. The lo'il-hacked (ulworm {(' the Worst culprit of all has been generally overlooked. This is the large dull-brown caterpiUar aljove named, which may be easily recognizid by its large size, and the broad reddish strijie down the back, 'the moth, which lays the eggs from which these caterpillars hatch, varies much in colour, from briglit brick red in the form named /«/•/■/>■ to a grayish ochre-yellow in the typical form. The eater])illars are pailiciilarly troublesome in gardens, attacking all early vegetables and annual tlowering plants. 'I'he remedy for the last species is of course applicable to til is. and, as the cater|)illai-s are specially destructive to newly >ei out cabba<':e~. tomatoes, etc., it is well to ])rotect these l)y [kletciibb] IN.IURIOUS INSECTS OF CANADA 218 ,,,,,,,,i,,,,.,...,vround ,lu.. stems a.inpo,pa,.raWU^^ ,i,, ',,,•„„,„ lonu, pln.in, it so that alun.t a,. n>cU and a half of e 1, , ,,.., u.e .,ln,.. Stnps of tin answc. the san>o ^.pose - ,,.,avv-lHHli.1 caterpillars nut b.ing aJ.lo to era.i ^^^^^^^^^l^, VpH, (-i.,,,, (Jut worm {M.vmlra Infoln, Rett. -AlthongU n^inK.1 a,..,Mlu. .l.vor plan,, upon wlu.lw.rtainly tins msecl does edU. :;,,,,„,, ,Ha.i V.., , .any other erop plants ,md --y - ;^;^ J^,^ haps the worst inju: vhieh have heen reported m Canada nn.kui n n Id u-a. nmn.-e s, .ai-ba.n.s and turnips (Hop. Ivvp. hirm. 188b, p. ' 1 ,1 ■• i .,„d,-s Ouarter.- iChcnopodium album) arc ■u). Spmaeh and tlie Lainh > \mi,u u i. / 00 onn fond plan,, of ,reen eaterpiUurs nu.eh less ^- '- / ^ dark lines than those .hi..h .re nsually f-und on peas, '-^J^^- , ,ips : but. for the nu.antin,e. all are iueluded ,n the species / r. • tL last seri.n. outlnvak of ,he (Vv,.r (■u,wo,-,n ... .n l-.-M-n turnips and pea< in .h. town.bips around U.re ''f^''" I ';^- ^^.j^:,^!, The Corn Worn, (//./(-.//m «m,^r., lll..n.).--ihi. n .cct s is conunon in the United States and is so well known "^ |^lie . u^ as the notorious Boll Worm of the eotton iields, ,s by no "- >- ^; J^"^ i,, ,,,„,„, uui is proluUdy ,he eau.e of some 1;-^' ;^^^^; la, .rn eve.v year, and oceasionally, as last autumn ^^^';^':^;^ Out isos p H-) iKn.une. a pest of some importance, no le., than 1 ,1 \\',i t .iiuitluT ■:iH'eieS, t le npoiuu im imttcnt in occnnTiur. In H"- «'-l .'""I" ■ ' . , i,,,,^,; ,„,„,, „r al„™t llH. >,m. .V,, l.m s|,„t,e.l -M .»c -H- ' >" , . ,,, nvmuH vo..otaHo-foccU.rs. When lliose insocts "cc ., Paris -reen or a solution of whale-od soap Tho Western Blister-beetle ^Canthans Nuttallu ^^^y)-^"f ^^ ; of the blister-beetles nul one of tho handsomest creatures we 1 a e n r teet fauna is the Western Blister-beetle, u speces an inch ,n length, 216 UOYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA ,,•,.,. ..■In^.cd with -n.ld, lu'ad. tlinrax and ,,.„,, ,„,„u,. ,n...n wi,l, ,lu. sn.u. .. don >!u.n - ;:;V,.autiiul i:::;:^;;;;, uuu,i,n. ..iMh. .:..""( win.h .n. .i..<(r"y.,i w .H i^ MM,e Cottnnv (iras. Sral. (7:r.7.-7/is frslnra, Fon.c.).-!.. the neport^rlwK... '-"":^!!-i;-:^-,-r;r ':,;:! I scale-inseet which has occa- sionally dene harm lo pas- tures and meadows in Nova Scotia. It was tirst sent in by Prof, A. II.Mackay.who stated that it occnirod in larii;c inimhcrs over an ex- tensive mar>hy flat in Cum- berland County. N.S„ every blade of dead gra>s having one or more egg-sacs attach- ed. The young insects hatch in spring, and feed on the U.aves and stems of grasses, the females becoming fuH- irrownin.lulyand soon after Uie middle of the month h.yhig their eggs in con- Hpicuous elongated oval sac8 of closely-felted, white, downy threads. As the eggs do not hatch until the folhvwing spring after they are laid, burning over the ",dd fog" or dead grasa cither lutein the autumn or FitT^The C..ttony «!rass Scale: og,,'sacs on [ki.etciiek] 217 INJURIOUS INSECrS Ol'.fANADA i,.s,nin.is.n..>y„u.a.,snn„vvc.n.iu,,hcim.ve.so oquonlly ly lilisicr if nature r l,ri:niii- crcilitoil il- IWV;!'. .—In tlio ount with ;i cnirum::* lias oei-a- iMU to part- y's in Nova irsl :^("nt in :uk:iy, who ecu I' rod ii'' ivcM' ;»n ox- l;\t in Cum- N.S., overy [•at-s having -sacs attach- nsoots hatch feed on the ^ of grasses, coming fuU- [ul soon after (he month ^gs in con- ited oval sacs l(.(l, while, U. As the itch until the ig after they ing over the • dead grass Lhe autumn or lii'fore -:;ri>wlh ln'gii fi,-st r,'<,.r,l Ml- Ih runrn.-,. nl tiu. clo or ^ ^ >-' "'"■" '"■^■';"''i: ;:',::"„::;•, ci'v,: ,;.™.i.^ '-«,„. ai.».so ■,,„. l,ccn an .uilhrcak U li.i- "^^" ''^^^ ■ ' ,., ,,,„,,,i jt that in n.' ./^^'/'. /'/"/""•"/'/'.' ^- :^''';''';^-;: :;;::; r:fouo.in. year. In Canada annul, more frequent enemy ol . . au- clover plant and one which sometimes makes serious hut unnoticed diminution ,n the weight f crops of that iuM-ortant fodder .s the :Live^Grcen Clover Weevil i 'Y'^^-^^'^'^ ^vhich eat the young tlower heads and hvuh ain.^ shoots inside the sheathing stiimles ot the loaves. With hoth of these weevds, early cutting of the tirsl crop of clover hay, or feeding it otV with stock, as is done for the dover-soed nudge, are useful. The Clover Kool-horer (/////rs^.MS tnfoln MiUler) is only onee recorded as having attnu^ted notice by its injuries in Canada (Uep l.xp Farms IS'Jl, p. -.^OO). The remedy most rohec on i> ti.e ploughing down deeply of an nitested crop, and refrainh.g Iron, sowing clover agan. ^^^___^^^^^_^_ for some time. Fruits. Owin. to .he rae, that a lar.e a -^ 'd^apHaU.. boen^^^^^^^ -^""•" '^'"' ^'"'"' "^ ''" 'attention has been devoted to .. „, .,„iv .,„e ..r two years o. le^>. n o.t <>" ,^,^^^ ^^^,,,. the ettemies of fr.ul crops than ^" "t'^';^' "'^"^ ,Me the Truit ,„,nee is that the habits of ,n<.i of ^^'^ J^ ^,,,^ ,,,,.,,,. ^- -• -' r ''1 r 1:':^ iL!"'ci :"ri: ^0. important l.iivp iH-cn .liscovcml tor mot ot imii . 1^^,^,,, „<..l.,„,u.„.. of ,.,,,„on,io ™to,m,lo,7 ''" '« « , ^y^tunctlvcly us 218 ROYAL SOCIKTY OF t'ANADA forcr-immi.s an.l no/zlrs, ^^Uu^^ will allow ni ihr u^r ..I' a mmiimim ,|uanlily i>\' a suitaM.' iii-rdiri.lc. so that im injury may 1h' donu l.y it 1,1 the Inlia-v MvatiMl, 'vliilr at llic same imic ilic maraiulino- insects are (Irstriiycil. Tlu' San .)n>{' Sralc (.1 >■/)/(//"/ ('^ ii<-niiri,Ky fruit sliiiipcrs in 18T;!. from the jiiace in California wliere it was tirst noticed, it was lint till isSd that I'rof. C'omstofk jiointi'd out the ^;reat loss which it was causiiin' and u'ave it the sju'citic name of />crni<'i"siit< on account of the extent of its injuries. U|) to I8!)2 the San .lose Scale was tliou,!i;ht to ho conliiieil in North Aincricil to the i'acitic ("(Vast., hut ilurinij; thi' summer uf IH'.Ki it ajiiiearcd in injurious num- liers in the Ivistern States, and in 1>;)4 the tirst Canadian specimens WC'J received tVom near Kelowna, on Fiiike Okanagan, British Colnm- liia. ( Fiirmcr'.< Adrarale, J,ondon, Oiil.. Dec. IMIl). 'J'iie iiire.-ted trees wciv deslrovcd. and it was not until ISDC. that the iu-^ect wtis again round injuring fruit trees, this time in two localities on Vancouver Maud, i'.y the destructi(ui of the trees this iin|H,rtation was again entirely wiped out, and no fiirlhor aiipearancc of the San Jose Scale in IJritish Columhia has so far oc- cur'-ed. The history of the San .lose Scale as an injurious fruit pest in Canada hcgins willi the spring of IS'.'^. wlicn in the month of Janu- ary, uudoul.teil specimens were found at Chatham, Kent Co., Ontario, and soon afterwards near Niagara, in Lincoln County. Since that time its injuries and the ofl'orts which have been made by tlio Federal and Provinci'al (lovernmeiits have been a subject of absorbing interest and will. I fear. c(uitinue to be so for some time to come. As yet. no prac- tical remedy suitable for general applicatiim by the ordinary fruit grower has been discovered, althoivh fumigation with hydrocyanic acid gas. a dangerous oiw-ration with most poisonous materials, has proved elTectivc in tho hands of specialists when performed with great care. The best sim].le reiueai., a .(.uccniratcd iish oil soap cniulsiruMl willi caustic i.ota-!i During the San ,Toso Scale invcstipitious it boc«mo known that three other Han^'crou-^ sca]c< were present and wide-spread upon Cana- dian fruit trees, viz.. two native species, the Korhes Scale {Aspidlolu.^ Fuvhcsl. ,]nsn.) and the IMitnani Scale (.1. nnnjU,!^. Ptnm.V and hoside- these a Kurooeau scale known as A'^puliohis o.^lmrfnrmis, Curtis, the last named (irst found in America near Chilliwack in I'.rili.-li ( olumhia. hut nnw known to occur in many parts of Western Ontario, as well as in nianv of the Ivastern Tnitcd States. Xew York I'liim Scale (Lccaiuinii rcnt^ifrx, Fitch).— The tirsl ;ipi„Mr;incr of tills scale as a noxious insect in Canada w^as in 18i)t. (Rep' I'Np. farms. lS!>o, p. 1">"-) 'I'l'is i>^ ""t nearly so dillinilt to trcai successfully a- the !a-^t -p.vies. Sprayin,-: the trees durin-i the winter with the well known kerosene emulsion (Riley-ITublrard formula) diliitf'd with fmir parts >.[' water lias liccn found to lie the most satis- faclorv treatment. The Ci.uar Case-hcaror [Coivoph'.ra /!t'icherclla, Fcrnald).— This destructive orchard pe>t which occasionally incriusos rapidly, and the caterpillar of which iloes so much harm to apple trees early in the season, was ahundant in iirany parts of Canada in 1S'.)1. (Kep. Kxp. I'arms. 1801. p. 1!)(J.) The younti' caterpillars hihernati' on the twigs in their small curvt'd casts, and as soon as the warm weather begins they revive and attark ilic hnds and unfolding leaves. Soon after, they fmiu new and larger cases, shaped like miniature cigars, one quarter of an inch in lengtii. insiile which they live, moving about and feeding lor some time on the leaves, tli rough the s\n-face of which they eat a small hole and then consume the iiareiichymatous tissues only, by extending the hody for some dist'anee around this 1iole between the epidermal layers of the ui)per and lower surfaces. In these cases also they com- plete tluMr transformations, and the minute silky-gray moths r.nergo through the ui»i)cr end of the eases at the end of July. Persistent spraying of the trees with l)ordeaiix mixture containing Paris grceu, or with kerosene emulsion Mrly in the .seas(m, are necessary to control this pest. The Apple Fruit-miner {Argyresihia conjugella, Zell.).— During 189(5 (Ifep. Fxp. Farms, ]). 358) a new pest of the! apple appeared in alarming numbers in the Fraser valley and in Vancouver Island in Ibitish Colnnd)ia. The infested fruit was much gnarled and rendered unfit for the market by the work of the small caterpillars of a very small tineid moth not previously noticed in North America, but which in Europe was known to breed in the fruit of mountain ash {Sorhiis 220 HOYAI. SCKIKI'V OF CANADA noHt [ki.btciibr] INJURIOUS INSI'XTS OF (ANA PA 221 troublosoim-insoctstho pruelicul entomologist has to deal with ; all olVorts to control tlioni with i.oisonmis HubstaiicoH and most agricultural methods adopted w-itli tlu' «amc purpose have tailed. Lato jdougliing ot intbslod land an( - .ing tioldH with rye or barley are the only cxporiracntH which have Lciveii any degreo oI'hucccsh. The IJroiizo Apple Weevil (.UiKjdnli^ rnicsreiis, Lee.).— Considerable dani;i,--e in Vaueoiivcr l>l;ind oreiranU is every year attrihutai.le to the altiuks i<[ tills beetle. The fnllv devehiped beetle iri deep l)n.ll/,e-blael<, niwvnw ill ^liape and aboiii a ipiarler of an iueh in lenglli. Tlie female lays lier eggs in miiuile lioies which she bores with her slender elon- gated snoiU^inlo iho bar!; of ai)ple trees. There are as a rule sevci-al of these holea in a grmip. As soon as the grubs hatch, they eat burrows tbrniigh"the t.'iider baric and in the surface of the wood. Sometimes they neeur in laigi' iiiiiiibers and the attacked trees soon die. Appar- eiitlv bealtby voiiiig lives are fiv2.) As a general thing this insect con- fines its depredations to unhealthy trees ; its injuries, therefore, arc not of so much importance as those of the Peach Bark-borer. In the case .d' both, however, all moril)und trees should ho cut down Miid ])romi)tlv burned. The Gray Peach Weevil (Annmctis grisea, Lee.).— An unusual but sometimes serious attack upon peach and apple trees is by the Gray Peach W^ecvil, a beetle belonging to the Oliorlninrhidw, which crawls up UU)St 222 KOYAL SOCIETY OK CANADA the trt'fs ill riiilv .-|ii-iii,; illlll (Ml Hit tlir voiiii; l)U(ls. showing appiU'- (■iilly ;i iircl'di'iici' (<<" llinsf < ii. i:;.) As thi'si' iici'iits il' iii'wlv st't srioib (K'T 'All. iiniis \s\y.\. liavi' no t tnu' winjis thoy can only -.'ii m aci't'ss to l.iids liv I rawiin},' up the tn II snrinL' with -niiir ma tt'i'ial which caimi liieroforc. IvamliiiL!; tlic I lu' crossi'il oviT liv thr luH'lh's will piwciit tlHMii frniii att ickiiiii the liiuls. 'riic iMack (Irapi'vmc Weevil (Olinrhiiiirlnis sit Irahis. Fah.).— This i- Sllppose(| Canada. It 1> eclilliiii Imupeau insoet which has hoen inlnMhical int.) n 111 Nnva Seniia. l)iit no injury to crops lias lie^n roiiorti'd I'roiu thai [iroviiict' ill i;riti>li I'oluiiiliiii (Hep. ,.\|i Kariiif is'.i; is-.*) it has eaii>ed i llie roots o iixunas ami njiiry as a jiiVL' cvelameiis as wt nliousc pest, the grubs eaiiii}: 11 as tlio foliage of variniis .\n oilier iilaiits. The Sirawl.errv I'-ml-weevil {.\,illi'>n"miis svjii'ihis, Ni\). inteni.ittenilv oee.iiTiii- hut serious enemy of the strawberry is the small beetle above named, which somotimo.s (Kep. Kxp. Farms. 1^87, ]>■ :'.-'. under ibo name .1. rnxsnih"', Say) does imieb liarni by hiving its eggs in the buds u\' >tr;iwberries , and then cutlinij; them oil'. '1 he Fi;.;. 12. -'riic Straw l)err,v I'.iid wee vil -ciil.'iriri'd. %"■ 'J remedy first siig- gCSU'd ill the "f^/ above article, of 0 , eoVeriiiLr I'laiiCs with paper or iraii/.e until the {lowers open, is the only one which has given up to the iire.sent time any useful replies. The Ciiiranl Weevil (.-1. r>i>ndtis, Lee"), another small beetle of the same family as the above, is an oeea- C't-' bional enemy of white and red currants, the' larvaj feeding in the , , , hm • fruit cauMu- it to ripen prematurely and fall from the bushes, llus insect has never occurred in sutUcient iiumberH to cause any notice- able diminution of the crop. (Rep. Hon. Ent. J)ept. Agr. Can., 188o, p. 27 : Kep. FA'p. Farms, 1887, p. ;!1.) The ['.lack (iooseherrv Borer (Xijlnrrius Anass,'.,,, Lec.).-A mere mention may ho made of rather extensive injuries to the stems of some voung gooBCoerry bushes imported into British Columbia from Oregon, in- t'" larva; of a very rate longic(U n beetle, to which the above name has Slniwlierry niul-vveevi! ; ((, sirawbeiTV stem attacked ; r, crk ; (/, larva : /. p\ii)a— c, (',/. enhuged. fl I.KrCllEul IN.IliaoUS INSWTS OF C'ANAUA 223 liivii jrWvu. (Rc|., lv\|.. Fiiniis, IS!>H, p. l:(i7. ) Alilii)ii.i,'li ilu- liimi' wi'ir abiiiidaiit in tlif (•oM^i.L,'mll^n( of Imslu-s in wliiili it was itupuru'd, tliis is ,siili an I'X- IrfUielv larc iii I'ct n'luuiy lari'iii rri ; . •'^\ hcri't'iiiv, as il i,as i *"<.'>. J lot lii'i'i) olisci'Vi'd (r"^""^ ittaiUiii!' ^i)o. ■ \. . •■,•{ I attaiUm^ f^oo lurry liuslics in its nativ Stnti'. wlicrf tlu'y ari'cxli'iisivcly f^rown, its ajipaicnt ainiiidanl prrscncc in the aliovc in- ^b "''-^ c a> stance nuisl lie con- I'Mk- 1 1.— Tlie liluck (inDsclerrv HonT sidrml as accident- ''"•^"' = '• '"'''••' 'nlar-.'.l. al, and, Cni'llicr, as all the infested Imslies wore destroyeil.it is lianlly likely that it will evec hecotiie an iiii])ovtant enemy ot the fruit i,n'ower in lirili'li ( 'olumhia. 'I'he We.Meiii St riw heirv ( 'rowii-bofef {Tiihidrrma fnvcolatum, Siiv). — Injuries by ii crow n-lmrer wtiich attacks struwherrles in British Cnlunihia. in ;i pei-fectly similar way to tho eastern species Tijhih'nihi fniji'iriir. lliley, have jiroved to he hy tlio abovo named species. (r?ep. Kxp. Farms, l.^DT. p. 201.) The Apjde Ma«;<;ol (Trypcta pomoncUa, Walsh).— A most destruc- tive enemy of the apple J'ruit is the Apple Maggot, wliieh has appeared ill C'aiiaila in one ur two phiees only (Kep. ['Ixp. Farms, 18!)(i, p. ~.)G), although I'or many years il has caused great loss to fruit growers in the States of Ve.riiioiU and Maine, and also in \ew York, Massachusetts and (,'onueeticut. The 'ife history is well known, having been worked out very completely by J'rof. Harvey, of the Maine State Agricultural College!^ The remedy is comparatively simple but reHinires great per- sisten'c'e. The one tlmt is most relied on by tho.se who have had most experience, is the prompt destruction of windfalls, so as to prevent the niatrgots going into the ground wlion they leave the fruit to complete their transformations. This can bo done by keei)ing pigs, sliee]) or other stock in the orchard. Prof. Harvey says emphatically "th.o gathering of windfalls for tlu! chocking (d' Ih-ypeta has been tried and found effectnal." Deep spading or ,)loughing of the gronnd under the trees and the keeping of jioultry in the orchards are very useful, because when the larva^ leave the apples to pupate they always remain near the surface of the ground. The Currant Maggot {Epoclira Canadensis, T.oew.).— The inouries bj the Currant Maggot in many places on Vancouver Island are so 224 HOYAL SOCIKTY Ol' (ANAPA gerious cson- y.'nr us t.) liav.- (h't.MTc.l many I'n'in u'Mwiii,;,' hliuk ciir- nmts. Altlu)Uj.'li siu'cilically naiiicl al'icr Canaila. tlii-* tly imist bo iv<:arili'.l as ran- and cvtrr'tiu'ly local in tli.' Duinininii. Willi llu- cx- rcption of pan- if l» ;^)i ' ' ■ niihii, it is piM'laiiily nowhiTf iM.ininon in '■nna.la. .Hluni>,^h \p!'l« M^iW'pot it is abundant in some seasons in ih. MffUvv ,,,; i" to '>vr hnpfors, (W-']). Kxp. I'unns. 1807. p. 2nt.> 'I'll.. J»him Wol.-wortn (l.y'ln rwA/"'*, Marian ) W Kon ira\<'lling tiiroui:!! n « .Ny-'^n.-iiilc rniiniry m Soiiilifrn Manilohil hi tin; stiiinntT oi LsitU. I ■ -...d i./iu'li ilauia-ie \va.- 'nMnji done to plum im-s by tho ■,MVji':inou> ,,n- Hiterpiliars of a .sa\vll> whii.'li w l)bo(| to^'otluT tho h^aws of wbnW br/ili''f *"•• and soon stnp].r,l tlu'iii i all <,nT.-i (•(•lliilar lH,rlioii.«, in a vcrv >iii.il„ iiraiui.T to the lirva' of m I'luTry-tiv,. 'I'or- irix (Ctnrri,! ,rra.^irnn,n,i. Kit.li). This savtly has also bmrn found m South Dakota and has Ihtu tivatcd of by I'n-f. Williams. (Bull. 3S. S. Dak. Mxp. Stn.) No sp<'cinuM)s of thr pcrfrci inscii have como into my hands, and it i- just possihlr that it may b,. th.' lMiro|>i'an nijda piri. of Sihrank. which coiild .'asily have hern imporli'd in the cocoons am.m.ir tho roots of the plum Invs brouLrht mit by the Monnonitcs from Southern Tfussia. Tho I'cMf-lret, I'lea-louso [J'stjlld jiiriruhi, I'orster).— This insect has oiilv ill one or two iiiriances caused iiiiuh h'ss in Canada, the first record Jiein- in ISUl. (Kep. Kxp. Farms, p. -^0.) It may. however, be iVnnd in small numhers in almost all poar orchards in Western Ontario, and i*s injuries are often probably unnoticed even when they are of con»i ■■able extent. The itrcsenee of this llea-h,u^e may generally 1)0 (let,., ,1 by llie copimis secretiiui of luuiey dew with wiiieii the leaves, lini! and trunks of the trees soon become covered and upon which a dirty lookiii.LT black fungus, Fnmwjo salirinn. devclopes. Tiie mature insetts are like minute Cinultr and belong to the same section of the !l,,i,ioptera as tlie aphides or plant-lice. The Pear-tree Flea-louse passes the winter 111 the perfect state, chieily beneath the Hakes of bark on tho trunks of the trees, beginning to move about and mate early in the spring. At that tiiiu' they are not very active, and, when it is known that trees are infested, much good may he done by placing sheets on the ground bene;;ili these trees and scraping off with hoes all the rough scale's of bark, iiiis debris should then be burnt at once, and the trees ."prayed with kerosene emulsion. The Black IVacl: Apliis (Aphis persiar-niijer, E. F. Smith).— The first record of ibis very fatal enemy of the peach tree was at Lwiming- ton, Ksse.x Co., Ontario. (Rep. Exp. Farms, 189.-), p. 19G.) TUit it hardlv to bo dmibted that it might have boon found in Canadian peach [KI-ETniHU] IN.IUKIOUH INHKCT8 OF CANADA S2B (.rilianls prrvicus In ihat AMr. hike all thn diirk-cnluuiv,! plai.t-lu-. it is liiinl.T \n kill lli.iM ;li(i-.' wln.li arv nf a -inth rnlniir. '!'hc I'nrin ,,| 111,. I'.lack I'rach \|ilii-. aIh-'Ii lives al)<>v(' ^'rmirid. iiiav \>r .s\u'ct's4'ul!,v and (NLsily treated by si.rayiti- with a wlmlc-nil soap solution (1 II.. in 0 ^'ulloiis of waltT), hill the dfsli'iictivr i'(.nii which lives W'W thr roots is linich inofi' .lillifill to ivacli. A ilinillnral iiicthod • ui<- !ias given j^ooil iv>mU> is ;i lih.Tal [.criodic upidicalion ol' kainit. i.. iiiuuli as 10 pounds iK'ing brua.-ituslod on the gvuund as lar a^ tlio braueht-s ex- tend, heneatli trees ol' about six inc;lie» in tlianieier, and then lightly s[U(lded or eultivated m. This not onlv invigoral. ■ the trues but also destroys the insects. 'Hie Clover .Mile {linjohia prntensis, (Jariiiiin).— There are dniibt- U*s many mites which are cla.ssed under the general nmue of "Red Siiidei" and which do much harm to many crop.s. Among these, cer- tainly in r.iili-h Columbia and Outurio, and probably in evci;\ other pn.vinceniCMi'ada. is the s|Mries which has been called the Clover Mite on account uf its particular liking for that plant. The conspicuous niby-red eggs seem to bi- laiil by preference upon plum nnd apple trees, amhirc sometimes so numerous as to give a distinct ruddy tinge to the twigs in winter. \everthele.-, and at, in- ■i icvvals ol'al'iiut tnnr or tivo yrars i ajiprar in im-ndil'lc nnmlK'rs anil .■nlirt'ly dctnlia!.' J In' oak tri'cs over iniii'> of cnunlry aronnd Vic- toria. \'ani-onv(.'r Inland. (Rcl'. l-.x]!. Farms. l.-^iK), i^. 17.').) Tiif Spriu-i' (iaii lou-c (Chcr- Dh's irli.-<. 1;. i.— Mnrli anxii'iy h:is Ikhmi can-t'd dnrin:j- ilic last 'j year oi' two since tlic valin' ol il >]naicc limiicr has I'ccn cnlianccd l.v ii> c.\!en>ivc use in tiic manii- I'actnrc of |)a])v'r. liy I lie injuries and >)nvail of this in-ccl. (Ont. Fdiv-try ilc|>., l^'.'T, p. '.'>'■>.) Tho .^nnicc I'.ark-horcr {Dnidrnrlnnus rnfi[w.nni.% Kirby).— .\s soon as tlio'si.riice forests of caslorn Cnnaihx arc ctit into, this hark- hcetlc aj-pcars and docs mnch danni-.' l^y attackiiiLr Iho bark of iho trees Pfandinir nearest tln> openings. The same species occurs in Northwest- ern Canada and injures sprn.ce tind>er in the s'ame way a.s it does m New Rriinswick am^ i.Miehec. (iJep- '■■■M'- '•'■"•"'■^- "1'^^''- P' ""'•■* 'I'll,, Lan-ii Saullv iXnimlus h'rlrlisuiiii, ilai-.ig).— Ju 1SS:5. this .sawlly. a |-;nr,>pean species which had been observed in small nuni- horshi the I'astern Town-hips of !,tiiehec dnrin.i: the previous year (i;,.p Km. S,K-. On!,. ISS:!. p. 11). •attracted ,Lrcma-al attenti-ni by its .,,,j„„l,,„,,. ,,id ihe rapidiiiv with which it was spreadin- lhrou,o-h the countrv. It has simv that time destroyed millions of feet of valuable larch timber and has now spread to the shores of Hudson 15ay and tliroii-!i Labrador. iM.rtunately in many jdnces where it was lormerly abundant it Iras now almost entirely disappeared. The Spruce Sawlly {Loplu/nts abietis, liarr.).— Through xNortli- we-stern Ontario and .Manitoba the spruce trees are freqticntly stripped of their Icivcs hv the larva.' of the Si)ruee Sawlly. Where, as is fre- FiiL. K'l. rill' lliiM'li H\ic-c i!i,il MX riilar^iMl. [fletchkr] INJURIOUS INSECTS OF CANADA 227 ,|Uontlv ilu> caso in tlio West, those trees have been grown for orna uiontni i.urpnses, tlio disnrurein.'nt is of considerable importance. The injury to tlie timber is also .ureat, and many trees after being defoliated for (wo or three years running are destroyed. Tiie Negundo Plant-louse (Chailnplinni.-^ iiniiiiidiuis, Thi>inas).— One of the wors? pests of slmde trees in Manit(>l)a and the Northwest Tern- lories, is this native plaut-lou^e.'.vhieh renders the trees.and everything anmnd them, filthv. by reason of the c(.i>ious deposits of honey dew which it emits. Trees have been cleared of this pest by spraying them with the ordinary washes of kerosene emulsion and whale-oil soap M-hich ar,- u.sed 'against oilier plant -lice. (Rep. Exp. Farms, 1803, The ^laple Shield-maker {Inairvaria accrifoUclhu Fitch).— Ucca- sionallv the leaves ol the sugar maple, particularly when growing m forests'or groves, are damaged by the caterpillars of a small moth, wliieh ,.„! out circular disks, over a (piarter of an inch in diameter, and make curious little tlat cases of them, inside which they live while they are devourin- ihe folia-e and inside which also they pass the winter among the falleli leaves. (Hep- "on. Ent. Dept. A.gr. Can., 18S.5, p. 31.) 'riH> Striped Cottonwood P.eetle (Lin" -^rri i>l of this beetle, which eat away the gn-een i>or- tions ..f the foliage, leaving only the browned skeletons of the leaves. The I'allid Aspen Beetle [Gonwdcnn pallida, L.).— Through(nit Manitolni and the Xortliwest Territories during the past two years, the ..•roves of aspen poi.lars, which are of so much importance in that countrv. have been devastated by the larvic of this insect, whmli m overv wav ehoelv reseinl)le tiiose of the last. Plantations have been ,,rote<-ted by spraymg tlieni as so(m as the beetles appear in spring, with a Paris trreeii wash. ^ The Ten-striptd June Beetle {Poliiplujlla drremUncala, bay).— inc cn-ubs of tills handsome western hei-tle do much harm to the roots of manv shrubs und young trees in nurseries, as well as to the roots of al- most everv- plant irrown in t,nirdens on Vancouver Island. (Rep. Hon. Ent. Dept. Agric.'Can.. 1885, p. 15.) These larvie are very similar m appearance to. but are larger than the well known white grubs of tlie east. 228 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA Flowering Plants. The \'inU'i Siiwliy { I:' iii/iln/l us ('(Uiiiih'iisis. Kirliy). — Soiiu'tiiiir- ilu' gmwi'i's (if iIhisc ^anlcii r.ivoiii'itcs. pansii's and \ inlets, liinl thai 'lii'ir jilaiUs have Ihh'ii eaten (iui'iiiL:' tiie ni,uiit l>_v sdine unkiinwii enemy, lly Idoking beneath the siii'I'aee of the soil, oy under the lowest loaves, tiiey may find some lilni>h-lihH-k smooth l'alse-eaterj)illai's. 'I'hesc are the lai'\a' of the aho\-e named insect which often occurs upon niemhei's of file \'iolet |-'aiinly in uai'den-. and on one occasion did much haian in the irlass liouses of a lai'u'c llnrist in 'I'oronto. (Iiep. Ivxp. l''aruis, 1S!)S. p. The lihuk \'ioh't Aphis (Itlminilciiiplniin ciulw, i'erg.). — AnoiluT insect ]ie.-t which has caused much damage to violets during the past year or so is the Black \'iolet Aphis, which made it.s lirst a])|)eai"anee in Canadii about l!^97. L"p to the present time this insect is not wide- sjiread. and, as it has been treated very successfully in the United States with hydrocjimic acid gas, a substance wdiich although dangerous to ajiply can be used (juite satisfactorily by cai'eful people, there is no reason why it sluuild be the cause id' fi'eijueiit losses. The oniinary method of destroying in.-ects in greenh(uises by fumigati(ni with tobacco may also lie used, m' even dusting the plants wiili powdered tobacco. 'i'he (ireeidiouse I.caf-tyci' {I'lilj/ii/rni/t frrriiiiiilin. llbn."). — A late addition to the injurious insects of Canada whicli. like the last named, has so fai' mdy appeareij in a single cstaldishment. is this small moth, the caterpillars of which feed upon the leaves of roses in greenhouses. The damage done by the eaiei-pillars of this insect were veiy serious about tliree years ago, necessitating the entire cleaning out of a large house of choice roses. 'I'he oidy refei'encc in American literature to injuries by this insect up to the present, which 1 have been a])le to liud, is in lUilletin No. ln-j of the .Michigan Agricultural I'j.vperiment Station, where under the head of "The Celery Horei'." tlie species is treated of as an out-door [le.-t. the larva' of which had been found boring into the stems of celery. In the ('anadian gi'eenhouses I'efei'reil to abnve. the caterpillars are stated to feed and the moths to appear throughout the winter. fuller's Ilo?(> l)eetle {A r(ntii;iiis Fulh'ri. Horn).— At long inti'rvals florists suffer from this beetle which in Canada and the Ivistern States onl\' increji.ses an(i lieeomcs a .•-criou^ enemy under glass. (l?ep. ['Lx)). Farms. 18S0, y. 88.) Till' Hlaek HIister-beelle {Kpirantii Pi'iuiSi//rutl\do ]\Ioth " (Anihrenus scrdphulariir. ],,),__(),H' nf ttu> iuo>t desti'iwtive and annoying enemies of the house- keeper is the Carpet IV-etle. I're()uently miscalled the "Bulfalo Moth." m rife:? Fi^'. IS. Tlic Carpi't lii^etli' : n. larvii, (l(ir>:il view ; h.di). i(. adiill — hI: I'lilarj^'cil. a^ .'lUral \ iuw ; c, pupa ; Althou'di this insect has l)een well knnwn to collectors of Canadian insects for luanv yeai's it was nnt until ls!»-"i that it w"as complained of in Canada as attacking household goods. The perfect beetles may be found on the blossoms of many shrubs, especially on the different kinds of Spira'as. in many j.arts of the Dominion, and although these beetles differ in nr. way from those found in Western Ontario it is only in the Inst nauu'd di-tricl that injury to carpets and otiier woollen fabrics has been reported. This is a:, exiremely dilhcult insect to control. Spray- iui: carpets with benzine or gasoline, ironing them with hot irons after previously wetting them, and constant sweeping out of rooms acconi- l)anied by a copious use, ^vhile the carpets are up. of scalding hot water which will penetrate between the cracks of the iloors, are all ^hut can be recommended in the way of remedies. The Heal Stink-bug {Nomius pygtnwus, Dej.).— There are several malodorous insects known, to many of which the name of "stink-bug" has been applied. Instances of tliese are the various true bugs [ki-ctcher] INJURIOUS INSECTS OF CANADA 231 (Ilcmiptcra), the scavon^'cr beetk'S {SUiphi/Unida;), the carrion beetles (Silfhi((a% and ground beetles {('arahid(v), but I feel sure that no one who has been unfortunate enough to accidt'ntally disturb or lay hold of a specimen of the small insect which is known to entomologists us No7nhis pi/ynurus will over dispute its right to be called for all time the Real Stink-bug. Fortunately, in most places this is nn extremely rare insect; but on two or tiiree occasions it lias appeared in small num- bers about dwelling houses hiuI has been an intolerable aflliction to the inhabitants, who were actually driven away until the plague ceased. This formidable disturber of man's comfort is a small modest-looking brown beetle no longer than one-quarter of an inc'., but, when crushed or excited, as by being caught in a sjjidcr's web, can and does give out a most far-reaching and repulsive fetor which is besides of a very last- ing nature, articles which have been in contact with the beetles retain- ing the characteristic odour for several weeks. Most of the complaints of the unpleasant i)resencc of this beetle have been sent to me from Vancouver Island, 15. C.