CIHM Microfiche Series (Monographs) ICMH Collection de microfiches (monographies) Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut canadien de microreproductio »iiSiOri(^ ues Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. 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Lorsque le document est trop grand pour etre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est film^ d partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche ^ droite. et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 2 1.0 I.I 1.25 12.8 JI'H i36 ■iii [12.5 2.2 2.0 .8 ^ -APPLIED IIVWGE '6S3 £051 M!i(f- Stfeel 'Rochester. Ne» Yo'k 1 ."6i «8J 0300 - Phon ?'6) 288 - 5989 - fan THE DISTRICTJOF SAANICH, B. C. THE LAND WHICH IS CALLED "FAIR" THE Municiijal I)i^trict of S.ianicli lies to the north of the City of Victoria, occupying part of a lar^e and unu.sually fertile and beautiful peninsula. It is far irom being thickly >ettled, although it can exhibit some excellent and well-iiiaintained farms and small holdings and some lovely homes. By reason of its many improve- ments it offers residents all of the freedom and opportunity of the country, together with practically all of the cus- tomary city advantages. Semi-rural is the term that best describes the character of the southerly portion of the Peninsula. Saanich, because of its large extent and undulating nature, its excellent roads and many miles of charming watcrlrontage, tlie unrivalled splendour of the views to be obtained from its many vantage points, and its ever-kind and desirable clima'.e. ha^ always been popular with visitors and tourists. Give the average man a climate which apnroximates tlie ideal as closely a> will be found .my where, and a bit ot fertile land to enli-t his interest without en.slaving him and he will tell you that he is content. Offer him such a combination plus the charms of inspiring scenery and municipal advantages and, ten chances to one. he will declare you are joking. :\nd yet just such complete happi- ness IS being found by more and more people each year on the lovely Saanich Peninsula, lying at the door of Victoria, capital city of British Columbia, Canada. Productive Soil . . Saanich ^oil is very productive and the different local- ities offer -ufhcient variety to take care of almost any crop Ihe northerly portion of the district is occupied chiefly 111 mixed farming; the central portion is semi-rural in character and the southerly portion is characteristically suburban. Thus, the farmers, operating ranches for busi- ness purposes, are within easy reach of the city's market with their motors and the retired man or suburban business man has ready access to the Capital. Fruit growing is rapidly achieving remarkable propor- tions in Saanich and, indeed, the magniticent strawberries of the Gordon. Head and Keating districts of Saanich are already famous. The demand for these berries always by far exceeds the supply and growers have made handsome prohts from year to year from this crop alone Small fruits of all kinds thrive in Saanich and so do almost all varieties of Iceume.s Sp.'^H sT.".-Rr-rrr ;= .-rr- -i.^^^ii- being developed with excellent resuUs'."it'°ha\-mK''been demonstrated that Saanich-grown seed has no superiors when properly cared for and harvested. For instance one vSaanich grower at his first attempt harvested fifty pounds of lirst-grade onion seed from a patch 100 feet by 24 feet and on a patch of similar size between 400 and 500 pounds of first-grade mangel seed. Transportation Facilities Saanich is well served with means of transportation. In the Municipal District of which we are treatins there are upwards of one hundred miles of fine roads, of which not less than one-quarter are finished with asphaltic, hard- surfare pavements, aflfording the best of facilities for travel bv horse, motor or bicycle. Two separate lines of rail- road viz.: The Canadian National Railways and the B.C. Electric Interurban Line, operate throughout the entire length of the municipality, and no less than tour of the Victoria street car lines terminate either within or at its lioundaries. 1792r.7 FRUIT GROWING In the Hinterland of VICTORIA Province of British Columbia PRACnCAI.LV part of every di>trict of Vancouver Island is adapted for fruit-RrowinK. but on the souther;i end, in tlie Saanich District, near Victoria, the linest strawberries and loganberries in the world are produced. There are no strawber'-ies to be found any- where to match tliein in flavor, in color and in keeping i|italilies. Tile market for this fruit is increasing each year. We have never been able to Mipply one-tifth of the demand. As the I'rairie Province- grow in i)opuIation and wealth, the demand from this -ection alone increases enormously. Ontario is also m.iking a bid for our strawberries and >ome of the Kaslern Slates as well. The Prairie markets largely sui)i)lied at pre-ent from certain districts of the L nited State- can be dominated by Vancouver Island grown berries through increased i)roductioii, and an exten- sive market is a>sured at good price>. There i> .ilso a large demand for loganberries, a fruit which iia- ciiily come into its own during the past few years, and which is, according to recent inve.-tigations. not ■d liybrid, as was supposed, but a variety of the Pacific Coast form of trailing blackberry, and delicious in every form, frc-h and preserved, and making an excellent and tonic nin-fermcn.ed wine or juice beverage. Sweet cherries are in good demand, dark varieties being n cferred. Early plums have always paid a remunerative price, and the same is true in most cases of late plums and prunes. The demand for pears has been fairly good, and shows evidence of increasing. Currants, black, red and white, gooseberries, and raspberries are all good crops, and net remunerative returns. Rhubarb and Karly Vegetables could be added to the products that are now imported Trom the United States. The local prairie Rhubarb does not come in until after June 1st. Asparagus. Spinach, Hothouse Lettuce, Tomatoes an ' Cucumbers could be shipped with them, and in ordinary years old Potatoes and later new ones. The foregoing fruits and vegetables should be grown on a large scale like our strawberries, and in communities where car-lot shipnient would he rio'^.-iihle thr" -.v-'m-M f-.r-.r^ ready sale. We suffer from individual efforts which overdo the local markets but lose their surpluses because of in- sufficiency for Prairie shipment. Specializing on the Prairie market and growing what it needs in large quan- tities would soon become a recognized factor in the supply of that market. The list given here would scarcely meet with any competition from Canadian points. Ill setting «)iil a small fruit plantation it is well to take into consideration several important points; — (1) rroximify to tran.-^portation line-, markets, and caiiiiiiiK and jam factories (2) Suflicient I.ibor available at harvcstiiiK nine, and for proper care of plantation. (:)) Type oil is linht. it i- advi-abic to grow and plough under a K'reen crop, preferably of a leKuniinous nature, a> clover, vetche-. peas, before planting. Barnyard manure is an excellent tertilizer. in the ratio of I! to .'> tons per acre. Fall ploughing to a good depth is advisable, as the winter rains prevalent throughout thi- section counter- act the effects of a dry spring and --ummer. Cultivate the ground well as =0011 as drv enough to work it in the spring. A good -oil mulch -hould be kept on the ground until plants are set. Cherries have a good local and export market. Propagation Plants are obtained from runners from first-year plants, it being best to use only the first two plants from a runner in order to insure strong healthy growth. To get the best results, watch your plants through the bearing season, „_^ ..,,t •■<,,',,i..ri? frnm flip hpaylpst nrodncers. Planting Planting can be done either in the spring or fall. Spring planting is recommended, though fall planting is successfully practised. The Hill system has been almost universally adopted on Vancouver Island. The plants arc usually placed IS inches apart in the row, with the rows 3 feet apart. No runiurs are allowed to form on the cninniercial plantation. By tile Hill ^y-tem it has hecn foniul tiiat a better herry can he prodticcd, the patch i-; more easily kept clean. .iiul more ninistnre retained than hy any other system Ui-ed at present. Some of the cliief points to he.ir in mind in planting are: — (1) Plant only in straight mw-. (?) Keep the plants fre-h from the time of ciitting until they are set in the new i)atch. (y) Use only k""^'. strong plants. (4) It is adv-al)le to remove the large-St leaves on the plant, leaving only the -mailer ones. Trim off any black or diseased roots, and if the root system is very large it is better to -hortcn it. (5) I'ack the soil firmly around the roots, and make sure that the crown of the plant is level with the surface of the ground. Do not cover the plant or leave any roots cxposeoniing -tage. Clean straw is then placed under and arrund each plant to protect the fruit from the soil. Strawberries begin to ripen in mid-June, and the pick- itig lasts ai)proximately six week-. During the early weeks the frui; is packed entirely in boxe-, as it is then larger and lirnicr, and u.^ed in the fresh state. The later berries are smaller as a rule, and are picked chielly for jam pur- pose-, althoug',: there are many factories which take the whole season's output for jam-making. When the berries have been gathered, the plants require to be trimmed. Dead leaves should be cut off and straw taken away. When the third season's picking is over, the strawberry lield is uprooted, ploughed under or burned over, and peas, clover or some other leguminous crop planted. The next fall the same sort of seed is sown, and the following summer this crop should be ploughed under, and acts as fertilizer, adding humous to the soil, when the tield is again ready for berries. Many growers, when they plant their strawberries, set out fruit trees between the rows — cherries, prunes, plums or auple^ — which should he from twentv-fivp to thirtv feet apart, though some orchardists prefer to plant more closely. In regard to this point much depends of course, on the variety of trees. At the end of the third year, when the stravvbe-ries must be rooted out, the young fruit trees are coming into bearing. The growth of the trees is in no way interfered with by the berries, nor are the trees detrimental to berry production. r.:x The fruit-Rrowers of South Vancouver Island have demonstrated that v-ultivation of Mrawherries takes the place of irrigation, for their herrie- are never watered, what rainfall there is haviiijj; been found stitlicient. On the other h.ind, ilfmon-tralions have been made with irrination, particularly overiioad irrigaf ion, which has hrouKlit about wonderful re-ult-, ever bearing strawberries beiuK ready for market in May and proiliiciiin a continual crop until the late autumn. Opinions d'ffer as to whether fruit of this nature is so well adapted for shipping a> that Rrown without IrriKation. The varieties mo-' largely srown nii Vancouver Island .ire the Maroon, the Sharpies-, and the I'axton. The former h.-s been found best for shipping purpo-es. but for home consumption tiic Sharpies- and I'axton are excellent berries, very sweet and luscious, with a line flavor, and RrouinR to a very large si/e. Practically the whole Island output of strawberries ihi- year has been placed at 20 cents per pound. LOGANBERRIES Loganberries are proving such a popul.Tr fruit, and do so well oil Vancouver I-l.-ind tliat we have placed them Poultry raising as an adjunct to berry growing pays well. next to strawberries in the list. The plant is a tender one and will not stand cold winters, hence it cannot be grown in Eastern Canada. But as zero weather is unknown on Vancouver Island, this would seem to be its natural habitat. The loganberry requires a light or heavy fertile, well-drained soil of loam or clay loam, which should con- tain a good supply of plant food and be retentive of moisture. A good clay subsoil is e-sential, a. i drainage is of the utmost importance, as the plant cannot stand "wet feet'' during the winter months. The same prepara- tion oi iana as given on .sirawDerrics is appucauic hci'c. Propagation Loganberries may be propagated by tip-plants, by laying and by root-cuttings. Tip-plants are secured by burying the tips of the current season's growth in the autumn about the time that growth has stopped. These :KU"!hUImL AKCHIVLS Oil B.C. .■;'a- tips form roots and in the spring may be severed from the parent cane and tran>i)lanted to permanent plantation. Tip-planting is the most >ati-factory of any of tlie three mentioned, and is therefore the one recommended. Planting Earlj' spring planting before grdwth ^tart.s i?, prelerable in all district.s where tip-plants are used. Tl'e most suit- able distance at which to set the plant.s should not be less than 8 .\ 8 feet, or more than lO.xU) feet. Plants set 8x8 feet will require 680 to the acre. It is preferable to have rows running north and -uutli to allow of an even distribution of .-unliglit, and as tip-plant.- are more tender than nursery stock of most other fruits, they should be placed in this permanent location u: once, upon cutting, using a spade to set them in the manner ordinarily used for setting strawberry plants. Cultivation Intercrops may be grown during the first, and possibly the second year, potatcies, beans, peas and other vegetables which rc(|uire intcn-ivc cultiwUion and are harvested early. If no intercrops are used, cultivation should be given at least once a week, with hand-cultivator, harrow, weeder or any of the well-known cultivating implements, taking c.re always not to di-turb tlie root of tlie plant. Training Loganberries are trained upon a wire trclli-. and either if two systems followi'd, the weaving or the roi)e sy-tem. In the former, each cane is woven seiiarately to the wires, •while in tlie latter the canes are divided into oundle-. and the longest strapped to the toi) wire, the ne.xt longest to the second wire, and the shorte>t to the lowest wire. Immediately the canes have tini-hed fruiting, they should be pruned out and burned. If climatic conditicjiis are suitable, new vine.s may be trained to the trellis in the fall. There is little pruning to be done, except for the cutting out of old wood, and the removing of weak canes. From 10 to 14 healthy canes is a good aver.age for a plant to produce each year. The loganberry begins to ripen about the third week in June. In picking for the jam or juice factory the plot should be covered at Ica-t eve.'y fourth day, and for can- ning and drying every third day. The loganberry until recently found its way to the jam factories almo-t entirely, but owing to the fact that more careful methods have been used in handling the fruit, it is now being shipi>ed successiuiiy in iia irc?h state to uialanl markets. For successful fresh shipping the vines must be picked thoroughly clean each dav. The life of the loganberry plantation on Vancouver Island, when good care is given, should be from 10 to 20 years. The yield the second year should be from >2 to 2 tons per acre, third yjar and after from 3 to 5 ton- per acre. RASPBERRIES For red raspberries, a deep loamy soil, well drained, and with a large moisture-holding capacity is best, though the black raspberry will thrive in a well-drained clayey soil. Prepare the ground as for strawberries, tirst plough- ing and cultivating deeply, especially in the heavier soils. The raspberry is a perennial and is propagated from the new growth obtained from the bearing patch. The black raspberry, or "black cap," is propagated from tips, as in the case of loganberries. Planting may be done cither in the :pring or the autumn depending upon the condition of the soil as to cultivation and drainage. Usually the raspberrie-^, both red and black, are planted in rows, (i to 8 feet apart, and from 2'I> to 15 feet in the rows. Before planting roots must be buried and the top cut back to 6 or 8 inches of the ground. Set the plants from " to 5 inches deep, according to the soil. Spread the roots and pack soil firmly about them. The "black cap" There is a ready market for gooseberries. tips should never be covered with more than ri inches of soil. Cultivation and Pruning Cultivation is as essential to the raspberries as to the strawberries and should be continuous from spring until early fall. Plough earth up to the plants in the fall. P>arnyard manure should be applied during the winter in tlie ratio of ,5 tons to the acre, and an .ipnlication of muriate of pota>h in the spring will greatly improve the crop. The one-year-old vvood iirnduces the fruit and the canes should be removed when tlirough bearing, or in the early spring following. It is better to fellow the first method, ;is the new growth will obtain greater strength if the old canes are removed at once. Thin out the young canes in the spring to 8 or 10 in the hill, and cut back, using your own judgment, according to the growth of the plant. ■ HIMALAYA BLACKBERRY Thi? variety of the Blackberry is grown nowhere else so well as in ?his district, and is very prolific — some plants will bear upward? of 150 pounds of fruit in a season. Practically the same conditions apply to the growing of this fruit as for Loganberries, except that the plants should be set about 18 to 20 feet apart and 10 feet between rows, owing to their immense lateral growth. This berry is harvested after all other berry crops have been marketed. Of the varieties of Red Raspberry, the "Cuthbert" is the favorite. It is a strong grower and very productive, having good -hipping qualities. The "Herbert" and the "Marlboro" are verv hardy and are fairly productive. The "Snyder." the "Taylor." 'the "Kvergreen" are all hardy blackberrie- and very productive, with good shipping quali- ties. "Black Caps" are not extensively grown, but the principal varieties are the "Cumberland" and the "Snug." CURRANTS AND GOOSEBERRIES Both of these fruits require a deep, well-drained, cool soil, and ;hey are best planted when they will have a northern exposure. Propagation and Planting Currants are propagated chiefly from cuttings, but tipping and mound-layering are al-o practised. The cut- tings are made in the fall, from the one-vear-old wood, and ran.-'e from 8 to 10 inches in length. The base of the cutting s made with a square cut. and just below a bud. The upper cut is about '/- inch above a bud. The cuttings ■should at once be transplanted to the nursery row. the rows being about 3 feet apart and the cuttings 4 to 6 inches apart in the rows. Gooseberries arc propagated either from cuttings or by mounding. Mounding is most successfvtlly practised. Planting is done in the fall or spring, and one-year-old plants are generally used. The bushes should be in rows f> feet apart and from .'> to 6 feet apart in the rows. Con- tinuous cultivation from spring to fall is essential for satisfactory results. Black currants bear most of their fruit on one-year-old wood. Red and white currants produce their fruit on spurs which grow from the wood two or more years of age. Wood over 3 years of age should be removed, as the quality of the fruit deteriorate^ with the age of the wood. Gooseberries bear on one-year-old wood and on spurs. Cut away all wood over three years of age. and keep a good supply of new shoots and two-year-old wood under way. Varieties Black currants — Naples. Red currants — Cherry, Fay's Prolific. Victoria. White currants — White Grape. Gooseberries — English varieties — Crown Bob, and In- dustry. American varieties — Oregon, Champion, Downing. Successful Poultry Raising IF there is any one branch of agriculture that can be advocat'.'d and justified .•l^ a specialized business, poul- try is the branch. And thi> applies particularly to Vancouver Island, where the climatic conditions are peculiarly favorable. With a lower capital investment tlie poultry business .-^hows a greater income return for labor expended than any other branch of agriculture. Commencement The way to begin is to buy a few breeding hens in the autumn and an unrelated cockerel, but be sure that this stock is from a fir.~t-class laying strain; or else hatching eggs ran be bought in tlie -pri'iR. u-ing broody hens or an incubator. In starting, i-nnmuMioe -lowly and gradually work up, as it is fatal to go at the Im-incss in too big a way before being ma-ter of till the intricacies of this industry. The three essentials of -uccc-s arc proper equipment, good stock, and careful management. .And remember, it i)ay> to feed well. Market The market for eggs and poultry in Briti-h Columbia i- tremendous, and the coimtry is growing at -ucli a rate that the production cannot begin to keep pace with the con>umptioii. Better prices are paid for poultry products in this I'rovince than anywhere else in North America. With the climate and ^oil >o well adtipted to polu'ry farming, it is astoni.-hing that more persons have not already taken up this industry with the prospects there are in the business. The poultry industry is particularly well adapted as an adjunct to small fruit growing. For Further Information Apply to INDUSTRIAL AND PUBLICITY COMMISSIONER Victoria & Island Development Association, Victoria, B.C. Fruit Geo wing. IN THE HINTERLAND OF THE CITY OF VICTORIA BRITISH COLUMBIA Strawberry growing— Saanich district. A BERRY AND POULTRY FARM GOOD MARKETS AN ASSURED INCOME Issued bg THE VICTORIA & ISLAND DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION FOR THE MUNICIPALITY OF SAANICH