nmmmi inDu^nini nonE
FOR THE CARE OF HOMELESS AND NEGLECTED CHILDREN.
QUINTA DE TRIOLET, MATANZAS, CUBA.
The Children’s Home.
Digitized by the internet Archive in 2018 with funding from Princeton Theoiogicai Seminary Library
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ith
Tbai “not oDoor mese little ones stiaii perisn.’'
1 SAW the little children round thee press,
1 Each ill its turn receiving thy caress,
How tender was thy touching of these floweis.
The fairest things in this dark world of ouis,
And nearest heaven in their innocence:
Therefore, 0 Lord, thou still dost take them hence They are so easy to transplant witliin.
So lightly rooted in the soil of sin Growing almost upon lieaven’s outer fence.
A. E. H.
O Brother man. fold to thy lu*art thv brntlun-; Where pity dwells, the peace of (xod is there;
To worship rightly is to love each other.
Each smile a hymn, each kindly deed a prayer.
Follow with reverent steps the great e.xample Of Him whose holy work was «doinggood.j)
So shall the wide earth seem our Father’s temple. Each loving life a psalm of gratitude.
Whittier.
((The vital truths of God’s Word, planted and nurtured day hy daj' in the minds of’children by Christian teachers, will as surely bring forth fruit as seed in the natural world. j*
thp: matanzas industrial home.
What is it? Who live in it? Wliat does it do for them? All tliese (juetions will be answered by persons who know us, men in high portion, ministers of the Gospel, friends who have tried sjieciinens of our work, and by the boj’s themselves who have been taken into the Home, taught to be useful Christians, and whom we trust will one day bless their native land. Let them tell onrstoiy.
Repiiblica de Cuba.
Presidencia.
Havana, April 20, 1904. Miss K. Nellie Cunningham.
])eiir Miss Cunningham:
(iuinta de Triolet
Matanzas.
It pleases me very much to have the opportunity of expressing my appreciation of your noble work for the many orphans under your '-are in the Industrial Home of Matanzas & Cslrdenas.
I personally visitejl the latter and could judge for myself the success you have attained in that Charitable, Christian Institution.
Yours Very Respectfully,
T. Kstrada Palma, (’ompostela St.. Mntanzas, Cuba,
April U. 1904,
Who are the real ]>hilanthi-{)pists? We constantly hear of large sums of money being given to univeisities, colleges and charities by pei-sons who never miss one item of luxury by the giving. Most of ns love approbation and pinise, even when we wish
10 relieve suffering ainl distress. I think we often envy tlu)se who can write their names to large checks. But what amount however large can eq^ual the giving ones life for the benefit of othei's; the sweet pei*sonal sacrifice of comfort, home, friends, a^id even health?
This is what a few devoted Americans are doing for the poor destitute children of our Island; giving what money cannot buy. — themselves. This is what Mr. Hubbard is now doing in the city of Cardenas, and what my friend and neighbor, Miss Cunningham, is doing in Matanzas, giving a mother’s love and care to those not of her own blood or language.
The boys of the Industrial Home are known over the city for their good behaviour. Howl long to see all our poor, destitute, untaught children receive such ti'aining.
In my heart I thank God for, and bless, the people of the Great Republic of the North, and for this loving work of your country-woman.
Attentively,
Sra. Cora Isabel Hernandez.
CUBA MISSK )N
Methodist Episcopal Church, Soutlu David W. Carter, D. D , fiupt.
Havana, Cuba.
To Wlmm It May Concern:
I take pleasure in stating that I have known Miss Cunningham ever since her arrival in Cuba, and that I endorse her and her work very cordiallJ^ It is surprising that .she has been able to do so much in caring for orphan children under circumstances so unfavorable and with means so limited and uncertain. She is worthy of confidence and her work is deserving of support.
David \V. Carter, Sii| t. (Udvi
The resiflont fastovs of Matanzas who have personally insj)ecti'(l ainl know <if the success of Miss Cunningham’s work among (^ilian or[)hans iimst earnestly coninienil it.
With a faith lioni of her love to Christ and His litle ones in Cuba, she continues tiie good work in which she has been engaged for over f(un- years, ofti'ii with no visible means of support, believing that lie wlio called her to this work which He has so signally lilessed, would raise uj) friends and meaiis. She has in the face of great ohstac'les called the needy waifs to her Christian Home, ami transformed many of them hy her example, counsels, and motlierly instruction.
It hits been to sojiie of ns a heautiful object lesson in faith te see Imr caring for the wants of twenty or more, with no ade(|iiate provision, no eollateral, save the majestic prttmise of Die Christ: «I will never leave nor forsake thee.fl It has, too. hi-eii an insjiiration to note the character changes under her instructionsaml inlluenccs. IMiysical and intellectualtraininghave been giv<'n a promimait jilace, but first in Miss Cunningham’s thoughts ami plans has been the moral and spiritual training of the childiiMi taken from the ranks of the needy.
T!ie difference between the boys when they lir.st entered the Home ami tlieir i-onduet and character after some months of training has been most marked. Honesty, thrift, courtesy and purity have been inculcated; the boys have been taught of Christ and the need of the inspiration to right living which comes to those who love and serve him. Those who have been sent to the I'nited States have made most creditable records. Therefore we who know of Miss ('unuiiigliam’sgood work, and her rare gifts self (bmial, and devotion to Cuba's orphans, most gladly commend her and her work to the I'liristian sympathy and generosity of the good people of the I'nited States. Aid her and that right i'arlv.
( Kev.) E. P. Herrick.
4
A GUOl l> OF THE LARGER GIRELS AND BOYS.
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A ' ■
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1
LA TRINIDAD
Methodist Ei)iscopa] Church, South.
Mfitanzas. Cuba.
April 21. 1904.
Jliss R. Nellie Cunningham,
Quinta de Triolet,
My Dear Miss Cunningham.
Having kul for more than a year .splendid opportunity to see some of the results of yom- \Y<)rk among the orphan boys of Matanzas. I trust that you will not consider it out place if I speuk a word of commendation to ami for you. It is always helpful to know that others think well of our work, and sec good in it,
My first visit to your orjjhanage was, you‘ will remcmbei'. about a year ago, soon after assuming charge of the church here, I was surprised to see the exceeding cleanliness, homelikeness and cheerfulness which was everywhere evident, and the same has been a marvel to meat each succeeding visit. It seems almost incredible that so such can he done with the slender means at 3’our disposal. I was gratified at the manners, the genteelness I might sa.y, displayed by your boys, most of whom had comefi’om homes where much things are not usually looked after, or from the streets. Surely water, soap and God’s grace, when applied with the hand.s of love ami experience, can accomplish much.
The faithfulness of youi- boys in their attendance upon onr Sunday School, their aptne.^ss to learn, their good behavior and attention has impressed me with the fact that you are giving them a training in the Orphanage such as even few mothers give their children. They are twenty bright manly, fellows, and I believe in the coming years they will rise up to call you blessed.
"We would uot like to give up Manuel Izquierdo. During the months which he has spent with us. lie has proven himself quick, capable and entirely trustworthy. We count it a privilege to have
l)iin, and only wish we could take more such boys in our home, or at least aid you in caring for the liomeless boys of Matanzas.
May God bless you iuyour noble undertaking, and raise up for you friends in abundance. Please do not hesitate to command me for any service in my power in behalf of yourself and the bovs. I am.
Yours All for Christ,
S. A. Neblett,
Pastor.
Bayou La Batre, Ala., May 28, 1904.
Dear Miss Cunningham;
My husband and myself have often thought of you, and remembered you and your family of boys in prayer, since our visit to Matanzas during the winter of *1002-3. We sincerely trust that the Lord will enable yov to go on in that blessed work of caring for the souls and bodies of those destitute children. It means much to you in many ways. Very few persons are willing to make the sacrifice that you are making.
Surely God has and will recompense you for all your labor. Our three Cubau children from Matiinzas are all doing well. We are glad to have been able to do this little for Christ’s sake. They are all happ}' and learning well, and looking forward to the time when they will return to Cuba to help their people there.
God bless you continually, is our piayer,
(Dr.) N. Jas. and H. A. Ingersoll.
6
Seme Letters of Our Children About the Home.
I have lived nearly three years at the Industrial Home, and am twelve years old. Both my father and mother are dead. My father was a colonel in the Cuban army. I have two brothers in the United States at Bay Springs, Mich, and 1 hope to go there also. They say it is fine.
I have the reputation of being a crazy head because I rush into things so quick, but my teacher says I have a great deal of character. I like to live in the country and am very fond of animals. I am saving my money to buy a chicken and a pet goat. Mv brother, Rogelio, used to be called the best boy in the Home. But I'll tell vou this is the place to make a good boy. Everything says, Be good.
Y our Servant,
Manuel A. Oliva.
Industrial Home, Matanzas, Cuba,
Abril 16, 1904.
My name is Guarina Izquierdo, and I am twelve years old- I don’t remember much about my father. Myself and two brothers have lived at the Industrial Home ever since it began. I think all of us used to be a pretty bad lot. But, what do you think? The last time «Brother», Mr. Hubbard was here. I heard .iSister», Miss Cunningham say that I was growing to be one of the beot boys in the world. I tell you it just made me feel good all over. She didn’t think I understood, but I did.
Sometimes Miss Cunningham don’t have much money, ami then we do all the work of the Home. When we are in school Miss Cunningham does it. AVe grind and roast wheat and it make.s good food.
Attentively Yours,
Guarina Izquierdo.
Matanziis Cuba.
I am one of the ludiistrial Home boys tho’ I don't live there now. I have a fine place with Dr. lierrick, the Congregational minister. I am fourteen years old, and have done some things that I hate to think of now.
Boys that live in the street in Cuba are very bad, and don’t respect anybody. Dr. Herrick says he likes to have the Industrial Home boys come .to Sunday School to show the other-s how to behave. If I ever amount to anything I will owe it to Sister)), Miss Cunningham, she has been awful good to me. «Brother)), Mr. Hubbard, has an Industrial Home at Cardenas. I like Miss Weir, his wife, very much.
I am tryng hard to grow up to be a good man.
Eespectfully Yours,
Pedro Torres.
Indiisrrial Home, Matanzas, Cuba.
I am Rauion Torres, a big boy of eleven. I came to the In¬ dustrial Home with only a little old dress. I learn very fast in school, and took the prize for learning Bible verses.
I havu’t always been a good boj'. I want to be a successful business man, and know it isn’t right to tell lies or say bad words. 1 hope that some day I’ll be an honor to the Industrial Home. I like my Sunday School very much, and I am a church member. Most of the boys are now.
We have a beautiful home. I wish you could see it. It has three yards, one real nice for us boys to play in.
Adios.
Ramon Torres.
8
ii .
^iM
r.
Julio and Llopoluo Uaez,
THE FIRST BOYS SENT FROM TUB HoME TO THE
United States.
My uaine is Edineia (.’areno. M\' mama and my two brothers and sister have lived a long’ time at the Industrial Home. My sister, Lela, makes the hoys clothes when Miss Cunningham cuts them.
The Home has a bcautiFul yard and I do love to play in it. 1 wish Brother, Mr. Hubbard, would come hack to live in Matau- zas. Miss Cunningham can't take all' the little children that want to come because sometimes she hasn’t much money. Good bye.
Edmera CareSo.
1 hav(' not lived so Umg in the Home as the othei'S. I am eleven years old, and my father is dead, and my mother has three younger children and is very poor. Some nice little girls in Texarkana. sent 830.01) intake care of me fora year. I amti’ying to be go(Kl.
.Jospfa Hermindez.
EXTR.\CTS FROM .-V LETTER OF LEOPOLDO BAEZ. i)Iy Dear ifiss ( 'iinningham :
It is nearly five years since I first .saw you. That was a happy chance for me. I can truly say that the two years I spent in the Industrial Home were the happiest of my life,
As you know. Mother died early during the war, and Father ju.st after I had entered the Home. My little brothers and myself come near dying also during the three days fast.
Three yeare ago you and Mr. Hubbard put me on the steamer bound for the Ihiited States. I have been in Mrs. Hopper’s dear family ever since from whom I have acquired a knowledge of English. J think all Cubans should be very grateful. I know one who will never forg(‘t the kindness he has received. Love from.
Your Little Boy,
Leopoldo Baez.
Bayou la Batre, Ala.. May 25, 1004.
My Dear Miss Cunningham:
I am glad to write you a little letter and tell you where I live and how I am. I came from Matan/as April 14, 1903, and am )iow' twelve years old. Dr. and Mrs. Ingei^soll came to Matan- zas and brought me home with them. I have a nice home. We live in the country on a farm.
Last winter Doctor sent to Matanzas for my brother Venceslao to come here and live with us. He is thirteen years ohl.
We go to the Methodist church and Sumlay ^school. We are pleased to live here where we can learn so many things we ought to know. We do not forget the many kind things you have done for us all. We also remember our dear Brother Hubbard and his wife who did so much for us, and many other people helped us there. We hope when we go back to Cuba to do much good to our people.
We pray every daj' in our home for all the Cuban people, that (xod may ludp them and that you may live to do much move good for our Cuban children. With much lovt*. I am,
Your Little Cuban Friend,
Eloisa Morales
Gootl bye. my dear.
DESCRIPTION OF OTHER CHILDREN IN 'I'HE HOME.
MiGUEi. Pru.n'Eda is a bright-eyed, timid and attractive little boy of ten yearn. He lost both father and mother in an explosion. During his two years residence in the Home no one has ever come to see him. He was punj' ami delicate when lie fii-st came, hut has grown strong.
Jose Canizal is the youngest hoy in the Htnne. his mother is dead and his father is an invalid. Whoever sees little Jos6 becomes his fi i(*nd.
U)
A GROUP OF THE SMALLER CHILDREN,
WITH Lela Carreno, who has grown up in the Home, And has beco^ie and expert
NEEDLE WOMAN.
r
Cakidad is a dear, sweet little girl of six years. Her father is dead, aud her mother is mjable to support lier.
AgustIn Sierra is the youngest of a large family of orphans, both his father and mother are dead. He has the metal for a bright man. His brother is one of the four Cuban boys at Bay Springs, Mich.
Mercedes Monta Oqua is a beautiful girl nearly fourteen, and capable of taking a higher education had slie the advantao'e of it. “
Nicolas GarcIa has neither father nor mother, Icarus very quickly, and cannot keep out of mischief.
Benigno and Guillermo HernXndez are two little brothers witliout a mother, and the same as no father. Benigno has light hair and very fair complexion. Guillermo is dark, with a handsome face, and the most je<ilous disposition in the Horae. They are two very attractive little l>oys.
Domingo and Luis DomInguez also have no mothei', and were of the poorest of the poor, but now are doing nicely.
Serafin Rause is small for his age, eleven year.'s, but so intelligent and bright that already he has a fair education. He is a member of the Christian church, and has neither father nor nmthcr.
EL FARO CRISTIANO (.The Christian Lighthouse;
An Undenominational Evangeli.stie Association, Reprcsenfcitives of the American Sunday School I’^nion in Cuba.
Jariico, Havana Province, Nov. 25, 1903. Dear Miss Cunningham:
I have been asked to write to you about a girl in this town, Caridad Sanchez, orphan of twelve years. Both parents died of 11
starvation during the war. Slie has no home except with a sister who is a widow with a large family of children and she is unable to care for the sister. The widowed sister wishes to put her into an institution for training with no intention of taking her out again, but with the hope that a home may be found for her after she is no longer sustained in the Orphanage.
Could you take her? She lives in this town and is the poorest of the poor. Please let me know at j'our earliest convenience.
Yours (ii'iitefuliy,
A. I'lllen Woods Pain.
Field Sec'y.
This is a sample of the requests that come; financial aid is needed to continue and maintain the Home; its success has already gone beyond the anticipations of those wlio have borne the heavy financial responsibility. Do you not wish to have a share in this work of which the Master said: «Inasmueh as ye have done it unto one of the least of these m_v lu’etliren, ye have done it unto nie.»
If you can send tliirty dollars it will support a. child for a 3’ear, but if not able to do that, ten dollars will care for ft little one for four months. Here is a place where a little money can do a great deal of good. Bread cast upon the waters will return after many days.
My Dear Miss Cunningham:
As a Cuban, I wish to express to you my gratitude for the (Sire you have taken for the poor orphans of Matanzas. A'ou are a mother to them.
May the Omnipotent bless you, and strengthen you for the continuation of your noble work.
Very Sincerely Y4)urs.
Cora S. lie Hernandez.
The four boys at the Academy AND Farm School, Bay springs, Mich,
«Tlio Matanzas Industrial Home should have the snpportof everybod}'.))
(Dj».) E. P. Herrick,
Pastor of the Congregational Church.
«If the kindly hand of Chai-ity can work anyplace for the glory of God, it surely can in the Industrial Home at Matanzas, Ciiljii.))
Dr. Ingersoll.
A STATEMENT FROM MISS CUNNINGHAM
So many have written about our needs tliat I think I shall write sihout what we have.
In the first place, we liave a superb location, and roomy, coinforkihle house, for the small sum of fifteen dollai'.s per month. There are two beautiful rooms on an upper floor that during the wintei' we can rent to touiists, and thus bring in a littie income, 'I'his wo did for four months during the past winter.
I'lie first two yeai-s of our work we used principally dry- goods box furniture; now, however, owing to tlie gifts of fi-ieiuls in Matiinziis, or of those who have lived some time in Matanzas, the Home is pleasantly but simply furnished and provided with an abundance of bedding, etc., thougli it would be very desirable in this climate to exchange the little old cot beds, donated by the American Hospital nearly five years ago, for ii-on beds.
A recent gift from Steinberg Bros of Matanzas has fitted out onr little folks with new suits of clothes. When provisions were low, Mr. Hubbard sent us a barrel of wheat, which we roast and grind as a breakfast food. Also we have learned to do without help. At a time when a crisis came in the Horae, nanything rather than give it up.» was the watchword. The little boys sought for work on Saturdays, and found it, and now they have learned to do some things so skillfully that their services are in constant demand. How proud and happy they looked wheii handing me their first enmings. A few cents are always returned, and the
13
rest is put to tlieir account to Imy their shoes ami hats. An American gentleman lias just ol'l'ered the hoys an acre of ground for their own to work during tin* summer. •
On the whole the past year has been one of good results. We have the confidence of the Cui)a.n people, thouglx there ifftoo much poverty in Matanzes to exjjcci much help from them.
It is true that more workers and more money are needed. A young lady with some knowledge of Kindergarten methods could accomplish a wonderful amount of good, ff we could onlj'^ give the numberless untaught, pitiful children homclife and a Christian education, we need not fear for tlie future of oui' heatiful southern neighbor.
Tliirty dollars a year for each cdiild will do this. Two dollars and a half a month will care f<u‘ a little one. How I would love to see this work, begun by Mr. Elmer E. Hubbard with Ids own money one year before I came to Culxa, grow into a great and far-reaching school. Mr. Swift, the big-hearted manapr of the Academy and Farm^chool at Baj' Springs, Mich., writes of the four Cuban hoys lie has taken into his ITome: ((Every day I realize that your boys from Cuba go away beyond what I liad expected. I sometimes think yon have played a trick on me, and sent me the four most perfect hoys on the Island, for if I coiiid feel that all Cuban boys woidd h(» ns grateful, and resjionsive to every effort put forthin their heiuilf, I should think it my duty to gather funds for a school in Uul)a.»
It surely is a paying investment to take little children from the streets, where they are fast growing into precocious (udminals, and start them in the right direction in life. We apjieal to all lovers of innocent childliood to Jiclp give them a chance.
For further informalion. address.
(Mi.ss) K. N. Cunningham.
(iidnta de Triolet.
IMatanzas. (’uha.
14
s.
THE
FRIENDS AFRICA
INDUSTRIAL MISSION
KAIMOSI VIA KISUMU
BRITISH EAST AFRICA
1904
^ < w <
R. Hotchkiss,
K. Hotchkiss,
L. Hotchkiss, B. Chilson,
T. Hole,
W Hole,
6 L M Hole,
7. Dr. E. Blackburn,
8. V. L. Blackburn,
9. E. J. Rees,
JO. D. G. Rees.
RECORD OF FOURTEEN MONTHS.
EXTRACTS FROM THE QUARTERLY AND SECOND ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE F. A. I. M.
Kaimosi, via Kisumu, British East Africa, Nov. 2, 1903. I'he Board of the Friends Africa Industrial Mission, Dear Friends Fourteen months ago, three men came to Kaimosi and pitched their tents with the in¬ tention of establishing a work for the Lord among these neglected people of Kavirondo, many of whom had never before seen a white face, much less a Christian fellow man.
Since our report twelve months ago the blessing of the Lord has been upon the work and, where once was utter neglect and disorder, we now have build¬ ings, roads, shambas, an encouraging degree of order in general, and a force of three men, two women, and one child to help stem the tide of heath¬ enism and disperse the Gospel Light in this land of spiritual gloom. We also have the prospect of being joined by another missionary, with his wife, from the homeland. ,
While we feel that in some respects the past year s pro-rress has been slow and tedious, perhaps a few coniparisons of the conditions existing one year ago with tliose of the present may be encouraging to
all of us. j , j
Then, the natives were unaccustomed to us ana we to them; they, quite naturally, looking upon us with a certain degree of suspicion, knowing little about us and less about our God. Now, many things indicate a much greater confidence in us, many of them manifesting a respectful reverence for the God worshipped by us. For example, about seven months ago we asked permission to attend the burial of the son of a local chief who had been shot by a government soldier. Although friendly with us, they were not quite ready to grant such a request as this. Less than one month ago we were wdcomed to the village of the same chief to attend the burial of one of his people, bemg assured that they were pleased to have us with them. Last week two of us were present on a similar occasion in the village of another chief about ten miles distant and
3
NOV 2.1303
had opportunity of speaking to several hundred will¬ ing hearers, after which Dr. Blackburn ministered to their physical ailments.
Then, we had a few acres of bush cut down and about two acres under cultivation. Now, we have a large clearing about the station with about four acres under cultivation. If we had one or two good American plows we could doubtless till a much greater area at less expense. The digging of sham- ba by hand is a large item of time and expense.
Then, there were no thoroughfares about the sta-
EDUCATIONAL.
tion except crooked native paths. Now, we have laid out and graded roads sixteen feet in width, and gravel walks with white stone borders about the iron house premises. (See plat of station, page 4.)
'J’hen, we had the following thatched buildings, viz: 1 storehouse, 12x22: i cow and sheep house, 15x30: I chicken house, 10x12: 1 house for em¬ ployees, 10x12, and 2 sanitary buildings; all other employees were housed in small, beehive, grass huts. We have since added the following, viz: i orphanage. 14x40: i dispensary, 12x18; 3 houses for
5
employees, 10x14; andi, 10x24; i house for Ondiiso, the boy chief, and his companions, 10x21; i oval cook-house, 7x11: i same size and shape for the cook’s dwelling; i sanitary building; i thatched roof 12x20 for carpenter work shed; i thatched roof 14x24 to shelter tent and for school work, and one small thatched roof under which stone is dressed for building purposes. On the night of October 20th between 8 and 9 o’clock the orphanage caught fire through the carelessness of a boy and burned to the ground. Several of the occupants lost clothes, food, and other minor possessions. This fire seemed very unfortunate at this particular time when we arc so short of quarters for our employees. The frame for one more house, 10x14, for employees is finished. Some of our men are still quartered in bee-hive grass huts. We also have the Devonshire House, 15x30, given by the English Friends, to which we have added a thatched dining room. We are hastily erecting a thatch building, 16x50, on ac¬ count of the coming of Emory J. Rees and wife. It will accommodate two families and thus relieve the crowded condition of the Devonshire House.
One year ago, the natives were only beginning to learn the use and value of coin, often refusing Rupees or Pice as of doubtful value. Now, nearly every man, woman and child in this district will gladly take coin as compensation for produce or labor. .
Then, the surrounding country knew no distinc¬ tion between days. Now, a great many. even out¬ side our station, refrain from their ordinary work on the Lord’s Day, many of them coming to our gospel service.
Then, a great deal of Sabbath trading was carried on between our employees and the outside natives, together with butchering of sheep and goats by our employees, nearly always accompanied by a noisy boisterous crowd. Daily smoking was also prac¬ ticed by a few of our people. Now, by patient, per¬ sistent teaching and discipline, these objectionable practices are well in hand.
Then, there was no government outpost near us. Now. two have been established; one within two hours easy march toward Kisumu, and one about three and a half hours to the northwest of us. Each station is in charge of a Swahili native with native soldiers under him.
Tims far, wheat has done very poorly here but we shall continue to experiment, trying various seasons. Potatoes have done quite well, and we have sold
6
fourteen loads of sixty pounds cacli, but our agent in Kisumu reports having realized less than half what he told us he would realize. He kept part of them on hand a long time and finally sold them at auction for from about 64c to 72c per load. At this rale it will not pay us to devote much time to potato raising.
Castor oil beans appear to grow well and may be ol value when we get a larger amount. We have a patch of about 175 small plants coming on. We are experimenting with a kind of native raspberry
A SABBATH CONGREGATION.
whicli grows wild here and think with cultivation it mav be a good berry for use. Many vegetables do well and we think, with the privilige of the shamba for our own tables, we can do nicely on the salaries decided upon at )'Our last Annual Meeting.
We have more than sixty orange trees several inches high, from Zanzibar seeds which we planted, also two or three mango trees, similar size, from seeds put in by ourselves.
We have lived here during every month of the year and find it a very pleasant location with de-
7
lightful climate. Temperature varies from about 52 degrees to 95 degrees Fahrenheit according to the season and time of day. It is always comfortable in the shade and, while the sun's rays are very pierc¬ ing, the atmosphere is seldom oppressive. Since locating here we have never been more than about thiee weeks without rain. Now and then a few dry days, but ordinarily, more or less rain falls every twenty-four hours. There has been no sickness worthy of note among the missionaries on the sta¬ tion during the past year.
W'e now have, in all, about 50 souls who make their homes and get their living with us. Out of this number tlierc are eight who have been with us throughout the past year.
The work in the Medical, Industrial, and Trading Departments is better systematized than one year ago and we are greatly pleased that so many of the Kavirondo natives are willing to work. We are frequently obliged to refuse applicants in order not to go beyond our monthly allowance of expenditure. Some learn readily and others are dull. Several are settling down into reliable and useful men in whom we take great satisfaction.
We are glad to note that Onduso, our boy chief, and his associates are working a part of each day for us. When they first came they appeared to feel far above working, as they are all royal blood; but we think the constant object lesson of seeing us and our employees busily engaged day after day is hay¬ ing its effect upon them. They took to it entirely of their own accord. We pay them once a month in proportion to what they have done.
The Mission now owns three cows, three calves, five bullocks and eight sheep. Four of the bullocks are broken to work and with one man and a cart are doing what it would otherwise require several men to perform. Each yoke of bullocks can be worked only half a day, the other half being allowed for grazing.
A little school work has been carried on the past \'ear with encouraging results, and is now under the direction of Adelaide W. Hole. The nineteen schol¬ ars are being thoroughly drilled; some on letters, some on syUables, some on words, and others on sentences.
We begin each day with our employees gathered together for Divine instruction and worship, except on Sabbath when we have the service at n o’clock in the forenoon. This enables outside natives to at-
S
tend. We also do Saturday itinerating among the people of the various chiefs about us.
It gives us great joy to be able to report one defi¬ nite and very satisfactory conversion in the past month. Ahonya was the first Kavirondo native to enlist for work after we settled here. He came September 27, 1902, and, as he knows Swahili, has served Arthur B. Chilson as ’“boy” and has acted as interpreter in the gospel services for about seven months. Previous to this he, with another Swahili speaking Kavirondo native, aided Willis R. Hotch-
OUR FIRST CONVERT.
kiss in reducing the language. We had anticipated his coming to the Lord for some time but hardly expected it so soon. He recently declared, however, of his own accord, that he was a child of God: said he knew his sins were forgiven and that if he should die he would go to Heaven to be with his Master. Close, searching questions could not cause him to waver. He said that God’s Spirit and Word spok^- the assurance to his heart and he knew it was true. He made public confession of what the Lord had done for him and seems anxious to tell others of
9
his new found joy. Everything indicates a genuine change of heart and you can imagine how we rejoice over this first fruit. W e are asking the Lord to help him be so true and steadfast that he will be able to lead great numbers of his fellowmen from heathen¬ dom to the “Lamb of God which taketh away the sin of the world.” We believe there are others with us who are not far from the Kingdom.
Some day we shall want a chapel for gospel and school work, but could not well build it now if au¬ thorized to do so. It would take a tremendous building to hold some of our Sabbath audiences, but we have sometimes thought of erecting a small thatch chapel large enough to accommodate all who attend our week day services and school, and then simply a good sized thatch roof with open sides for Sabbath congregations. Our people are more in need of a house for the early morning services, when the air is often cool, than for the Sabbath meetings held in the heat of the day.
Our Thursday evening prayer meetings for the missionaries which have been instituted since the second party arrived and which we lead in turn are seasons of refreshment to all.
We thank our Heavenly Father that He ever called us to this work, and praise Him for gracious leadings, and for His protecting and preserving care. May He ever predominate in the deliberations of our Board at home, and have the pre-eminence with your missionaries on the field, is our desire and earnest prayer.
Yours for the spread of the Gospel.
EDGAR T HOLE.
On behalf of the Mission.
o o o
INDUSTRIAL WORK.
During the last year we have had so much building, clear¬ ing, road-making, etc., to do that it has been impossible to dovote much of our time and energy to agricultural work, ex¬ cept to keep us in vegetables and to experiment in a small way with various vegetables, grains, and fruits.
We find it impossible, with the number of men we are able to oinplov, to cultivate more than four acres, owing to the rapid growth” of vegetation. If we had two or three stirring plows we would be able to cultivate much more and a great deal better, for plowing with hoes is such slow work; beside it is next to impossible to manure the ground and turn it under, but with plows and our oxen we could not only manure and turn it under, but we could turn the roots, grasses, etc., under as well, which at the present time are all separated
froul the soil and burned. We are still experimenting with wheat.
Work in the mechanical department has been confined to those things which were absolutely necessary, for the reasons mentioned above. When in Kisumu recently, Dr. Blackburn and I were asked if we could make round yokes for oxen and bridge lumber, and several times parties have enquired for articles we could have furnished had our mill been running. Building material, such as doors and windows and their cas¬ ings, are also needed, and it would wonderfully facilitate such work if we had a Sticker and a Mortising machine.
We hope to have the road completed from our cast boundary and a bridge over the river before many months. And we feel it would be right for us to push it on toward Kisumu, for a cart road to Kisumu would be. of inestimable value to the Mission. Arthur B. Chilson.
EXTRACTS FROM THE MEDICAL REPORT.
Not less than six persons whom Arthur B. Chilson had been treating very creditably were awaiting our arrival on July 5th, to have their various wounds and afflictions care<l for. Prominent among them was a little girl of about twelve years of age who had a very angry looking ulcer on the great toe of the right foot. After treating it for several weeks with
DISPENSARY.
1 1
no apparent improvement, we decided to amputate it. This was done, and it steadily improved until it was completely healed. We feel the great need of a suitable building and equipment for cases that need to remain a longer or shorter time, as we believe many could be greatly helped in body and soul were we equipped for it.
At this place we seem to be free from the anopheles mosquito, as none have been found here; consequently we are thus far free from malaria, except when some of us or our men go to Kisumu, where there is an abundance. We also seem to be fiee from hematuric fever and from the sleeping sickness, both greatly dreaded in much of this section of the country, and both so deadly to Europeans. We feel that we have great reason to be thankful to our Heavenly Father for permitting us to labor in so healthful a location as this is proving to be.
We believe that the efforts in this department are being used of God to break down prejudice and bring these people nearer to a saving knowledge of Himself. May He have all the glory.
Eight hundred and seventy-two cases were treated from July 5 to November 1, 1903. E. Blackburn, M. D.
-S O
WILLIS R. HOTCHKISS.
Willis R. Hotchkiss, who has been in the home land the greater part of the year, has been busily engaged in preparing a vocabulary and grammar of the Kavirondo language, which is expected "to bo of great benefit to the missionaries on the field. He has also visited all of the Yearly Meetings east of tho Rocky Mountains, and these visits have resulted in the material increase of the financial resources of the P. A. I. M., as well ns in arousing interest both in this particular field and the cause cf Missions the world over.
At the present time he is employed as one of the traveling secretaries of the Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions, and is visiting many of the principal colleges of our land in the interests of that work.
O O
ITEMS.
Well, here 1 am in the long wished-for place. It is indeed a privilege and pleasure to be here with Edgar and in the dear Lord ’s work. I have never had. in all my life, the satis¬ fied feeling that I have here. I believe it is just because I am where my Heavenly Father would have me. It seems as though there was very little that I can do for this poor people, but I am anxious that the little may tell for- Him.
When VC first arrived, the people came in crowds to see the white women and baby. Leona is fat and rosy and seems to enjoy living in Africa. She already speaks a few of the Kavirondo words and it pleases the natives wonderfully.
Adelaide W. Hole.
The dear Lord is richly blessing the work here and it is such n joy to be allowed to be here with the Master. My boy is such a comfort, now he is saved.
12
DEVONSHIRE HOUSE.
[ hope the clay will come when J can spend most of my time out among the people. 0 the hundreds and thousands that are bound to sink into Cbristless graves before one can possibly get to them with the message of Life!
Arthur B. Chilsoh.
Virginia Blackburn has assumed the duty of preparing healthful food for the missionaries, and is teaching the native cook many accomplishments in the culinary art, but her ener¬ gies are not confined to this department. She says:
“I help Elisha with the dispensary work, and, I think, when you are trying to help persons in any way, it rnakes you love them. How our hearts long to see these people under¬ stand and embrace the Gospel, it will certainly make a wonder¬ ful change in their lives. Many really seem to feel as Magera, a near-by chief says, ‘That we do not understand the good news yet. but when we do we will accept it.’
‘ ' We are all very well and very happy. ' ’
s s o
ITINKRATING.
Kivini, the chief about ten miles north of us, and whose people speak the same dialect as is spoken here, sent word requesting us to go and teach him and bis people about Ood. He said they wanted to know.
Yesterday niorniDg (October 31, 1903), Elisha and 1 went up with a few men to carry our traps. We found Kivini at his home, but most of his people were at the funeral of a child that had died of poison given to it by an enemy of its father, to avenge a grievance. We could hear the wailing.
1 suggested that we all go and perhaps while the people were together I could tell them the news of the one true God.
When we arrived, several huuflred natives were wailing as they danced. The hut where the dead child lay was also full of natives wailing piteously. It seems strange to us, but the custom at funerals, or rather burials, is to dance as they wail. This is their way of expressing grief for the dead. Many are
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ONDUSO. THE BOY CHIEF, AND ASSOCIATES.
also smeared from head to feet with clay, others have it on their breasts or only a part of the body, others none at all.
Kiviui had them stop and told them we would speak to them. After a few tunes of the music box, I spoke. I asked them if they wanted to hear about God. There was a very hearty response from chief and people. They said they would like to have us tell them every day so they could know it. I told them we would come again and possibly some time one of the missionaries might build a home there and teach them every day. Then Elisha doctored thirty-one cases. We feel that the trip was very successful and think we will try to have some one go often. Edoar T. Hole.
November 7th, Arthur B. Chilson and T took a tent and cooking outfit, and went to spend the Sabbath with Kivini.
After settiDg up the tent, v?e had an evening service at which thirty or forty were present. They were very attentive and said the message was good. Sunday morning the attendance was much larger and the interest was very marked, when after a half hour’s sermon by Arthur B. Chilson, they said it was very good and wanted to hear more, saying they were not ready to go home. So another talk was listened to with the same rapt interest as the first.
Sunday evening the attendance at the service was small. Natives are rather averse to being out at night, unless it be' moonlight. Wild animals prowl around at night and the- natives are not well armed against them.
November 10th, Edgar T. Hole and I started for the Tala River, the land of the Gemi tribe, and the home of the young chief Onduso. It is a tramp of about thirty miles in a westerly direction.
November 14th, Arthur B. Chilson and I went to Mwanga’s- district, about five miles distant, and held a service with his people, the chief not being at home. During the eight days I tramped ninety miles, treated ninety-five cases, and assisted- in seven services. E. Blackburn.
S -S* Q
report from the board.
The Board of the Friends Africa Industrial Mission met in annual session at Cleveland, Ohio, January 22 and 23, 1904. Delegates were present from eight of the Yearly Meetings, and those who could not attend sent messages showing much in¬ terest. Deep gratitude was felt to the unslumbering Shepherd for His blessing and fostering care over the work the past year, and humble supplication was made for His future leading.
Since the last meeting, a vacancy has been made in the- membership, our dear sister, Mary Anna Harris, of Canada Yearly Meeting, having been called to her eternal home.
The F. A. I. M., which shows marked signs of progress, was considered in its various phases and the Board were much encouraged. At this meeting, as formerly, they were enabled to reach every decision in entire unity, and entered upon the duties of the coming year with renewed confidence in their Heavenly Father.
The second party of missionaries, consisting of Dr. Elisha and Virginia Hole Blackburn and Adelaide W. and Leona May, the wife and daughter of Edgar T. Hole, had a safe journey and reached the mission station July 5, 1903.
Emory J. Rees and wife, who were accepted as mission¬ aries one year ago, returned to America last May from their former field in South Africa, for a needed rest, and expect to start for British East Africa to join the other F. A. I. M. missionaries at Kaimosi about the middle of April.
If the iron house (Devonshire House) could speak, it would tell of many delays in transportation, and the laborious journey of twenty-five miles after leaving the railroad, when it had to be carried by porters; also of delay in replacing parts which were found to be missing, but it was ready for occupancy by the time the second party arrived and furnished shelter for all the missionaries. It is an excellent fire-proof building to have on the mission station-
15
On the mission farm is a waterfall high enough to furmsh ample power for all the machinery the mission may wish to run, also a belt of timber containing a variety of hard and soft wood, but as a hand saw is the only means the missionaries have of reducing this to usable shape, they have had to face the problem of house-building without lumber.
LOGGING.
Knowing these facts, John A. Hasenpflug realized the necessity of a saw-mill and a water-wheel to generate p^er, and presented the matter to the Sabbath-school of the First Friends Church of Cleveland, Ohio, and they undertook to raise tho money. Energetic effort has been rewarded, and as a result they expect soon to ship to Kainiosi a New Buckeye Improved mill, that can saw timber 24 inches in diameter by li feet in length, and a turbine wheel capable of generating about 50 horse-power. As the mill only requires about 20 horse-power, there will be a surplus which can be applied as needs arise. ..
Any one desiring further information regarding the Friends Africa Industrial Mission will please address the secre¬ tary Emma B. Malone,
’ 702 East Prospect St., Cleveland, Ohio.
l6
TREASURER’S REPORT.
.s'or the Year Ending January 2, 1904.
Cash on hand January 16, 1903 .
tleceipts.
Contributions — Receipts Nos. 1945 to 2187. $2,589.43 Estate of Lucretia Trayer; —
Rent . $70.16
Distributive Share . 43.92— 114.08
Students of Friends Bible Institute and Training School, Cleveland, O., for support of A. B. Chilson and E. T.
Hole . 300-00
Donations for pamphlets . 5-10
Interest .
Orphan account . 148.00-
Expenditures.
•Salaries . ^ 60 1.7 <
Mission Supplies, Medical and other Out¬ fits, freight on same to Africa, and traveling expenses of second party to
London ... . 1-090.54
Letter of Credit to Dr. Blackburn to meet expenses of trip from London to Port
i<’lorence . 800.00
Return Passage of Willis R. Hotchkiss.... 292.98
Traveling Expenses, representative on home
field . 321.64
Traveling Expenses Executive Committee
and Board .
Remittance to Edgar T. Hole, Superinten¬ dent on field .
Printing, Clerical Help, Stationery, Post¬ age, etc .
Cash on hand this date .
169.90
1,800.00
268.55
1,243.54
An inventory of all the Mission property was taken November 1, 1903, which shows that the Board has property on
the field valued at .
Cash in Mission Treasury, Nov. 19, 1903. . .
Respectfully submitted,
W. C. Taber,
* Year on field began April 1.
$3,427.72
- 3,161.20 $6,588.92
- 6,588.92
$2,266.94
479.76
$2,746.70
Treas.
17
A WORD TO THE SUPPORTERS.
To you who through prayer and self-denial in giving of your means, have made this work possible we submit this re¬ port. ... ..
You have enabled the Board to place missionaries on the field and to maintain them; to purchase land and erect build¬ ings; to convert waste land into a beautiful garden; to lay out a I'lission Compound and make several good roads, and to preach the Gospel to thousands who never before had heard it. One native man was saved, and recently died, leaving a clear testimony to bis acceptance with God; another saved one liv^ as a faithful ivitness, and there are others who seem near the Kingdom.
Though the work was started only a little over a year ago a good foundation has been laid, and God has blessed the work in a very marked way. There is now a necessity for the fur¬ ther equipment of the Industrial Department. The Board is looking to God and to you for the support of the work.
About forty or fifty persons are more or less constantly employed by our missionaries, and are thus securing mainten¬ ance from our station. These are daily brought together for religious instruction, and are in close contact with our godly, industrious missionaries. This is already begetting in them a desire to work with their own hands, and there are more ask¬ ing for employment than the Station can provide for.
Port Florence, the terminus of the Uganda Railway, is a rapidly growing city, but the freight rates from the coast are exorbitant and the people of Port Florence would be glad to purchase from our missionaries certain articles which we could easily manufacture if our Mission was properly equipped. This would open the way for us to employ more men, and so more men could come under our training. Our Industrial Department, like our Medical Department, is, of course, only a means to an end, the first purpose of the Mis¬ sion being to declare the Gospel.
Our treasurer, W. C. Taber, has received from a number of persons pledges for our work, to be paid annually for a term of years. 'Will you be one cf these f
Although the necessity for material aid is very apparent, the most imperative need is for definite prevailing prayer. Pray that the Board may be given Divine wisdom; that the missionaries may be kept in the power of the Spirit; that as the Gospel is declared real godly sorrow for sin may come upon the natives, and that a strong ministry may be raised up from the native converts. , , j v
One of the missionaries says, “Could Christendom tor five minutes see the hopeless performances of despair occurring dailv at heathen funerals, and realize the nakedness of spirit as well as body, existing here, I am sure there would be a going and a sending forth of laborers as never before."
iS
MEMBERS OP THE BOARD
OF THE
FRIENDS AFRICA INDUSTRIAL MISSION,
January, 1904.
Executive Committee. president,
P. W. Raidabauqh, Plainfield, Ind.
Secretary,
Emma B. Malone, 702 E. Prospect St., Cleveland, O.
.Assistant Secretary,
Martha W. Stanley, Cleveland, 0.
Treasurer,
Wm. C. Taber, 173 Chambers St., New York, N. Y.
C. A. Francisco. W. J. Hadley.
E. H. Steanahan.
New England Yearly Meeting:
•Chas. A. Chase,
Jennie W. Grossman.
New York Yearly Meeting: *Arlando Marine,
Wm. C. Taber.
Canada Yearly Meeting:
•L. J. Thomas.
N. Carolina Yearly Meeting: *J. Edgar Williams, Rachel Massey.
Ohio Yearly Meeting: *Wm. J. Harrison, Emma B. Malone.
* Vice-Presidents of Year
Wilmington Yearly Meeting:
*Ellen C. Wright, Edgar H. Stranahan.
Indiana Yearly Meethig: •Chas. A. Francisco, Florence E. Henley.
Western Yearly Meeting: P, W. Raidabaugh, •John Henderson.
Iowa 1’ early Meeting: *W. Jasper Hadley. Susie J. Martin.
Y Meetings.
Mission Address:
Kaiinosi, via Kisumu, British East Africa.
Cable Addresses: Quakerite. New York, U. S. A.
Friend, Mombasa, B. E. Africa.
19
£
■ - .
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“7
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1.
A Cflironicle of Cliristian ^mmerce.
foreign iSitsijStoneiSinOujitrtal aiSjSoclatlon
BoatD of DttMWco
President
W. H. Parsons, 66 Broadway, New York Vice-President
Rev. Charles Cuthbert Hall, D.D., Union Theological Seminary, New York
Chairman of Executive Committee James Wood, Mount Kisco, New York Treasurer and Secretary C. N. Talbot, 34 Pine Street, New York General Manager
H. W. Fry, 105 East 22d Street, New York
Co-Founder of the Industrisd Missions Aid Society of London, England Rev. C. C. Creegan, D.D., 287 Fourth Avenue, New York Arthur M. Hatch, 96 Broadway, New York
Council
E. H. ABBOTT Tht Outlook. New York REV. J. L. BARTON, D.D.
American Board of ComiDissloners of Foreign Missions. Boston REV. HARLAN P. BEACH Student Volunteer Movement. New York REV. L. T. CHAMBERLAIN. D.D.
President of the Evangelical Alliance of the United States, New York REV. H. N. COBB. D.D.
Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in America. New York REV. JAMES S. DENNIS. D.D.
New York H. W. JESSUP CounciUor*at-Law. New York REV DONALD SAGE MacKAY. D.D.
New York D. L. PIERSON
Tkt Misiionary Rtvtttu. New York RT. REV. BISHOP H. C. POTTER. D.D.
New York
ROBERT E. SPEER
Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. New York LUTHER D. WISHARD Young People's Missionary Movement. New York JOHN W. WOOD
Corresponding Secretary Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church. New York
For Ladies’ Committee see inside of cover, last page
WHAT DOES IT MEAN?
In issuing this little Magazine with the appeals it contains to the notice of the Christian public, the founders of the Foreign Missions Industrial Association would ask its readers to consider certain points which have resulted in the formation of the Association, and in winning the sympathy of those kind hearts who have so far been led to support it.
What does it mean to a missionary who is devoting his or her life to the spread of the Gospel of Jesus Christ in the dark places of the earth, and in toiling to win men and women from Pagan darkness to the Light of Life, when they win souls by conviction, and arc in danger of losing them again, because the acceptance of Christianity would re¬ sult in starvation to their wives and families? Think what it really does mean to the missionary! What does it also mean to the poor convert?
What does it mean to a missionary in India, who at much expense of labor and love, has rescued a hundred boys and girls from starvation in time of famine, and brought them up to physical maturity under his care, having won their hearts to himself and lost his own to them, as if they were his own children; what does it mean to him to realize that the time must shortly come when all these beloved young souls must leave the shelter of the mission and shift for themselves? It frequently happens that there is no industry or calling to which they can attach themselves, and both they themselves and their missionary foster parent are equally helpless. Think what it must mean to them all !
What does it mean when the lack of industrial opportunities en¬ feebles the character of missionary adherents: when they necessarily must hang about the mission station, dependent on the mission for daily bread; willing to work, but having nothing to which they can devote their energies?
What does it mean to the missionary, when he has no openings for his converts but preaching and teaching, and knows they lack a gift or a call in this direction, and yet no other means of livelihood exists? What does it mean to the mission? What does it mean to the un¬ qualified preacher? What does it mean to the Gospel? What does it mean to the heathen?
What does it mean when Jesus Christ sees His missionary servants discouraged and heartbroken over these burdens, and His "little ones" suffering physical want and moral and spiritual wreck, if His people in Christian lands are apothelic about it? What does it mean to Jesus Christ, and what does it mean to His people? What can it mean but loss to all concerned?
What, again, does it mean to us if we can assist, and faithfully take our part in rendering such assistance? It may mean inconvenience; it may mean self-sacrifice; it may mean risk; it may even mean loss. Well, suppose it does? Is the missionary to be the only one to be privileged to iticur these honorable and profitable inconveniences? For what purpose has God permitted and ordained that this appeal should be brought to our notice? For what purpose has He given us the power to assist? Docs it mean that this is shown to us, as a way in which He indicates that we can render Him acceptable service? Surely it must mean all this and a great deal more. Surely it means such joy, and peace, and satisfaction, if we attend to God’s call, as cannot be purchased in any other way. Surely it means that the greater the inconvenience, the sacrifice, the risk, or even the loss it involves, the greater proof we shall give of our love and faithfulness to God and to His Christ; the more of our treasure we shall lay up in heaven; the more we shall co-operate with missionary heroes and heroines; and the more we shall rejoice with them when the time comes for the sheaves to be gathered in; and the more we shall rejoice even here and even now.
What is the remedy? Si'lf-supportiug tnissiouary industries.
Who can apply it? Self-supporting industrial missionaries.
3
Who will organize them ? The Foreign Missions Industrial j4ssoria~ /ion, provided the Christian Commercial Community co-operates with capital and contributions, as requested in the following pages.
NOTES.
This magazine, which is published by the Foreign Missions Industrial Association, is intended to be issued occasionally at first, though it is hoped that later on it may become regular, and it is designed as far as the Lord may permit to accomplish the following purposes.
First, to record the needs, and the accomplishments of Industrial Missionary operations and Christian Commerce generally, and of the Foreign Missions Industrial Association in particular.
Secondly, to encourage and help all who are desirous of devoting their lives, their energies, or their means to the service of Jesus Christ in self-supporting and self-expanding Industrial Missionary work.
Thirdly, it will appeal to the Industrial and Commercial classes, that they should take a much closer interest in Missionary effort, the great need of the day being a sanctified commerce, combined with a business-like religion.
This first number of the Industrial Missions Magazine is largely taken up by the report of the meeting held on the 8th December, 1903, because the Association is based upon the appeal there presented by Mr. Fry and on the resolution then passed. Since that meeting was held, the Association has been incorporated, a Board of Directors has been formed, officers have been appointed, and an influential Ladies’ Committee has been organized. The names of the members of the Board and of the Ladies’ Committee will be found on the cover.
The Directors being now in a position to commence active opera¬ tions, they appeal to the Christian public to provide them with funds with which they may operate.
One hundred thousand dollars could be usefully employed at once in matters which arc already before the Association, and a great deal more within a short time will be needed if the work of the Association is to progress as desired. Two hundred and fifty thousand dollars is therefore appealed for, but the greatest proportion of this amount is needed as CAPITAL for INVESTMENT III iudtislrics tp/il'f/i orc c.x'Pectcd to pay a
proper rehirn ill the leoj of dividends to those who supply the eapitah Donations are needed, as a great deal of pioneer and experimental work for the benefit of industrial missionary work generally taken. All donations should be sent to the Treasurer, C. N. laioot, 34 Pine Street, New York, and all inquiries should be addressed to Mr. H. W, Fry, 105 East aad Street, New York.
. , . * *
Commercial firms are specially appealed to because,
(A) Commerce, or industry, has as God's instrument, done so much
in the way of opening closed doors in foreign countries for the adsen of the missionary. ,
(B) The missionnrv li.-iving entered the opened door, has one an
is doing so much to extend the range of civilization, from which com- merce derives great benefit. •
(C) Commerce and Missionary effort having so many 1 interests, ought for mutual benefit to be much more closely allied.
(D) Conimerco would be elevated by being imbued with a mor^ definitely Missionary spirit, whereas Missionary effort mig
filed by the assistance of industry and Christian commerce.
(E) This Association needs and requests the cordial co-operabon o commercial and industrial men and women as capitalists, ’
.0 act on committees, or as correspondents or agents, and in otor eases as self-supporting Industrial Missionaries iii connection with this Association in the Missionary fields of the world.
5
(F) Seeing that America is so professedly Clfristian, and so un¬ doubtedly Commercial, who should be appealed to by such an Associa¬ tion as this if not the Christian Commercial classes, and Commercial Firms owned by Christian capitalists?
A company was started in Heathen India by Heathen Capitalists for the purpose of spinning cotton, and one of the provisions in the Articles of Association provided, that a percentage of all profits was to be de¬ voted to charity. This is not an uncommon provision in the Articles of Association of Indian (Heathen) companies, though the motive is doubtful.
How many companies or firms in Christian America have similar provisions with a pure motive? If such practices are uncommon or perhaps unknown, is it not time that an alteration was made? Surely Commerce carried on by Christian Capitalists might reasonably pay tithes to Him “that giveth power to get wealth,” for it is “the blessing of the Lord; it maketh rich.”
*****
The “Industrial fissions Magazine” and other publications of the Foreign Missions Industrial Association will be supplied gratuitously to all subscribers of |io and upward to the Funds of the Association.
6
report
OF THE
Inaugural Meeting
OF THE
Foreign Missions Industrial Association
Held in the United Charities Building, 105 East 22d St., New York, on December 8tli, 1903.
Rev. Charles Cuthbert Hall, D.D., in the chair.
The chairman opened the meeting by saying:
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Having been associated providentially with Mr. Fry in the early stages of the Movement that we are hoping to organize to-day, I have been asked to direct the proceedings from the chair, which I have with reluctance consented to do.
This is practically the first general meeting that has been held m connection with this project and if God shall so direct we shall be glad, from this day, to go forward to the accomplishment of tliat which we have in view, and, I am sure, we shall all feel that it is
7
impossible to do so except under the very special guidance and blessing of God and the counsel of His Spirit and to this end I shall ask Mr. Robert E. Speer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, to lead us in prayer.
Prayer was then offered by Mr. Speer.
THE CHAIRMAN:
I have several letters here from friends, who have expressed their interest in Industrial work. A letter from Mr. John Wanamaker in which he says: “1 duly received your letter in regard to the Industrial Missions Association. Many times in India, I spoke favorably of Industrial work and particularly in connection with the College in which I had taken a large interest in Allahabad. You may put me down as approving such an association.”
I have a letter also from Dr. Henry N. Cobb of the Board of Missions of the Reformed Church, saying that the Dr. is prevented from being present here to-day : “I regret that I shall not be able to attend the meeting in the Charities Building, this afternoon. I am thoroughly convinced of the desirability of Industrial training as a part of the work our Missions are doing in India and in other countries and I think many if not most of the Boards working in India have come to the same conclusion. We are making a small effort in the direction of training ourselves, but it is, of course, impos¬ sible and inadmissible that we should either establish factories or open markets for the sale of manufactured goods. This work, I understand your Society proposes to undertake, and I shall rejoice in its success.”
The literature already published in connection with this project has been circulated probably among all who are here this afternoon, thus relieving me of the necessity of going at all at length into the nature of the occasion that brings us together. I may say, however, that in the letter by Dr. Cobb is an illuminating statement, pointing out the relation of the Industrial Missions Association of America,
8
which we hope may be on the eve of a useful career, to the organized Missionary Boards of the churches. It is far from the thought of any one interested in the establishment of this Association, that it should compete in any way with the work that is being undertaken by the Boards of Missions. We all know that many of our Boards of Missions are engaged in industrial work of one sort or another, finding it absolutely necessary to put their converts to work, and to direct them in simple lines of self-support; but it has appeared to all who are familiar with the larger questions involved in the spread of evangelization, that greater and greater necessity will arise for affording means of livelihood to those who are admitted as converts to the Christian Faith, and who thereby are disadvantaged in many ways in their own national lines of business. It is recognized that among the people of all Eastern lands, there is a great necessity for the development of native industries. God in His providence has supplied the inhabitants of these lands with natural gifts of handicraft along many lines. The beautiful rugs which are here this afternoon stand out as a sample of many kinds of manufactured articles which can be produced by Orientals. Western commercial enterprise— ever reaching out to find markets in the East, lias interposed seriously to hinder, if not to arrest the commercial activities natural to the Orient. One who travels in the East frequently discovers, on the one hand, stores flooded with cheap goods manufactured in Birming¬ ham and Manchester or in America, and on the other hand a great population having the power of handicraft, discouraged and turned aside from their manufacturing pursuits and thrown out of employ¬ ment, vainly endeavoring to secure a living by agriculture, being discouraged by the competition and the lower prices of Western manu¬ facturers. It is a part of the enterprise that we are considering to-day to encourage the indigenous art of the East and .Africa; to encourage the people of the East to believe in themselves, and to facilitate them in finding markets for the goods that lliey produce. Recently I had the privilege of being present at two great industrial exhibitions, each one designed to exhibit the range of possibility in native life for
9
the industrial arts. One of these exhibitions was in India (the Indus¬ trial Exhibition in connection with the Indian National Congress in Ahmedabad). The other was in Japan at Osaka (the great Industrial exhibition held there last Spring). It was a delight, as well as an astonishment, to me to see the %’ast range of possibility open to the peoples of these lands when they are encouraged to use their powers of industrial production.
Dr. Cobb, in his letter, states: “It is of course impossible and in¬ admissible that we (that is the Boards and missions) should either establish factories or open markets for .the sale of manufactured goods.” Mission Boards are established for other purposes, and by the sentiment of the church rightfully devote their talents to other ends, largely spiritual in character. In a small way, as Dr. Cobb says, Mission Boards engage in industrial pursuits. Many of the missions are trying by establishing simple work shops, to teach the people to use their hands. But the Boards of Missions cannot under¬ take extensive commercial enterprises. At the same time they are in sympathy with those engaging in commercial enterprises from a Mis¬ sionary standpoint. It is from a desire to co-operate with the Boards of Missions by developing the commercial activities of the native races of the East that the Industrial Missions Association was born. In England it has attained a desirable efficiency ; and now, its spirit is transplanted to this country where we hope it is likewise to take root.
It is to be understood that we arc not seeking to establish a charitable society to support which we must appeal to the benevolence of the community. In my opinion that would be simply taking money out of the treasuries of the Missionary Boards to put into our own. This is particularly guarded against in the framing of this society. It is not proposed to make appeals to churches, neither is it proposed to found a benevolent organization, but it is proposed so to put before the thoughtful laymen of this country who may have property for investment the industrial possibilities of the native races, that they shall be willing to invest money in an incorporated business institution,
and receive from their investment a moderate rate of interest. This is in brief the line along which we are moving and I trust that with this word of explanation I may be at liberty to proceed with the other duties of the afternoon.
First of all I shall ask Mr. Fry if he will read his appeal. I may say that Mr. Fry, who is in our presence to-day, is a descendant of one of the most prominent women of the Society of Friends. Elizabeth Fry’s name is known the world over, wherever the Society of Friends is known. This gentleman comes to ns from an excellent ancestry, and in a most devoted manner is giving his life to the development of the commercial and manufacturing powers of native races. I had the privilege first of meeting Mr. Fry in London, he being brought to my acquaintance by Dr. Robert Hume of the Marathi Mission of the American Board, who spoke of him to me as one called to do work for the native races. I passed on to India, where I met Mr. Fry again. He has visited India repeatedly for the purpose of setting this matter in movement. A more loving devotion 1 have never seen.
I shall now ask Mr. Fry to present the appeal.
aJJDrffiS bv apr. i?rv
Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen;
I am here in this great Commercial country, for the special purpose of echoing to the great Commercial and Industrial Community the appeal I have so often heard in the Missionary Field, in India, China, Africa and other countries, from large and from small Missionary Stations, from Missionary Conferences, as well as from secular author¬ ities, that expert Industrial Laymen and women, and Commercial men generally, should unite their talents to those of the Missionary Fra¬ ternity throughout the world, in order that the Industrial side of Missionary work should be developed, as it needs to be, for the great advantage and strengthening of evangelical Missionary effort. This call from the Missionary Field is fully recognized by the Missionary Societies and authorities at home, but inasmuch as by their constitu-
11
tions they are called to spiritual work only, they naturally shrink from too close contact with secular work for their missionaries, and for this reason, they approve the call now being made for industrial co-operation from Laymen generally, by a separate auxiliary Associa¬ tion. It is hoped that the response to this appeal will be such, that Spiritual Missionaries may be relieved from all necessity of attending to other than Spiritual work, which will be an advantage to all con¬ cerned.
I am also here because I believe that these suggestions will receive in this country, when once they are grasped, a more vigorous support than they have yet received in England, where, although the work is heartily approved and to some extent flourishing, yet the lines at present adopted are to my mind, too conservative ever to lead to the success, or obtain the result, which I believe to be possible. The editor of “Truth,” one of our up to date English journals, says that "England travels in ruts, America travels on rails.” I prefer the rails to the ruts, and this largely accounts, humanly speaking, for iny being before you to-day.
May I point out first of all what an immense power for good lies as an unproductive buried talent, unused and altogether unprofitable in the Master’s service, in the Capital which He has entrusted to Ameri¬ can Christians, and may I suggest that a very small portion of this vast fund, invested in Industrial enterprises, might be made of the greatest possible service in co-operation with Missionary effort. I appeal to Christian owners of Capital throughout America, that they should support this proposed Association in order.to utilise this talent, and not to allow it any longer to remain wrapped up in a napkin.
It must be a main object of the Association proposed to be founded, that it should be self-supporliug and profitable, and not dependent on the gifts and donations of God’s people. Donations from those who wish to support Industrial Missionary work will be acceptable to pro¬ vide at first for preliminary and pioneer expenses, and later on for distribution by grants to existing industrial operations which may be in the hands of Missionaries and others, whose work is educational
13
and cannot be expected to be wholly self-supporting. The Association will be in the best possible position to help such work intelligently and effectually, and to give such advice and co-operation as may be desirable, and to insure money being expended to the best advantage, but while it will gladly act as almoners for others in this way, it must, if possible, be independent of donations so far as its own work is concerned, in order not to be a burden upon the Christian public, or to divert to it donations which should be given to existing Societies.
This appeal therefore is mainly for Capital for investment in reproductive industries and depots at home and abroad, which will be the financial support of the Association. To accomplish the object in view, the industries to be established must be on a reasonable com¬ mercial scale, as it will be impossible for a small business conducted on amateur lines, ever to cover the expenses of management. While it is very desirable to cotiimcuce cautiously on a somewhat modest scale, it must be remembered that the larger the scale on which opera¬ tions can be conducted, the less proportionately will be the expenses of management, and the more likely it will be that the highest class of business assistance, which is so necessary to get the best results, will be attracted and retained.
The definite Program which will be submitted to the Directors for adoption, is as follows:
First. The incorporation of the Foreign Missions Industrial Association. This will be the parent or central Society, which will organize and control any subsidiary Company or Companies which may from time to time be formed. , The parent Society must at first be supported by donations, as there will be much preliminary and experimental work needed, the benefit of which all Industrial Missions will share. Later on profits made by the new Companies should support it.
Second. The establishment by the Association of a New York de¬ pot, on the principle mentioned in the Circular of General Information with a commencing cash capital investment of $50,000. With regard to this depot, an offer has been made to the Association to purchase an existing business, the present proprietors of which are in complete
13 .
sympathy with the objects of the Association, and one of whom has himself been a missionary, and whose business is exactly on the lines desired for the Association. A special object of this depot will be the sale of all kinds of Missionary produced articles, and it will probably, directly and indirectly, by degrees support thousands of native workers in various Missionary Fields, India, Ceylon, China, the Philippines, Africa and the American Indian Races, assisting them to become inde¬ pendent self-supportng mission adherents', by being the means by which their products can be disposed of, as well as by supplying them with capital, and material for the purposes of their Industry. This business which is- under offer to the Association, has been established for some years. It was commenced on a very limited capital but has grown steadily, and with the introduction of cash capital can no doubt be made profitable from the commencement.
Third. Concurrently with the above, capital will be raised for investment in one or two important Missionary industrial enterprises, which can be put before the Trustees as soon as men and means are forthcoming with which efficiently to conduct them.
The greatest importance must be attached to the Commercial side of the work of this Association because it is the "means" to the "end." The “end" is the extension of Christ's Kingdom, the “means" in this case is successful industry nr commerce as an auxiliary to ordinary missionary effort. If the Commercial “means" is a failure, the "end” cannot be attained. Hence the importance of the “means." The “means” must in no way be confused with the “end,” but it must not be forgotten that the “end” is dependent for its accomplishment, upon the success of the “means" used. The “means" used therefore must be expert in the highest degree obtainable, and the amateur element which has already so often proved its insufficiency, must be eliminated.
Again, we Christians rejoice that in these days the Lord has opened so many doors in heathen countries to the preaching of the Gospel, and we rightly urge one another to take advantage of these opportunities. But what are the Keys by which the Lord unlocked
14
ihesc doors? What but Commerce on the one hand and missionyy effort on the other? How often has Commerce opened doors for missionary effort, and on the other hand, how often has the missionary opened other doors to Commerce? These things need to be thought about to be realized. What again is the means by which these doors will be kept open, if not Commerce? Commerce, therefore, which is THE great power of the present day, a power which overshadows poli¬ tics and even religion, and which is steadily and rapidly increasing its power, is one of God’s chosen keys with which He unlocks and opens closed doors, and missionary effort is another, and surely I need not apologize, if I urge that Commerce should be utilized in conjunc¬ tion with missionary effort, as an instrument for the spreading of the Gospel, and for appealing as I now do, in Christ’s- Name, to commer¬ cial communities, and to commercial men and women everywhere, in their degree, as Capitalists or workers, to co-operate with this
Association. , . • j
Paul the model Missionary, utilized the industries of his day that he "might not be chargeable" and that he might be "an example unto yon to follow.” as he says in 2 Thess. 3—9-
Are we to continue to use sailing vessels and bullock carts for the spread of the Gospel instead of steamers and railways, because the apostles and early Missionaries knew nothing of these modern inno¬ vations 1* Are we to give up the use of the telephone and telegraph for the same reason? Certainly not we all say, and we all approve adopting the conveniences of steam and electricity in any reasonable manner in the Lord’s service. Why then should we hesitate to adopt the advantages of modern Commerce, and modern capital, and modern methods? I claim most strongly that we should not hesitate, as Commerce, even in its highest form, is only the modern development of the original decree of God when He imposed the curse, that men should live by the labor of their own hands and by the sweat of their
own brow. 4 t
If the motive which animates us is pure and true to God, as 1 trust it is; if the conduct of the business is just and honorable, and
15
guided by wisdom which is liom above, as 1 sincerely hope it may be- and if the lines on which it is based is Scriptviral, as I most truly believe it to be, we are responsible to utilize these benefits and talents to the best advantage.
These considerations surely do away with the objections that some people have to combining business and religion. The truth is God has joined them, and in Oriental lands especially, God’s two keys. Commerce or Industry and Missionary effort, should, as Livingstone so strongly urged, go hand in hand, the one the counterpart of the other, for "What God hath joined together, let not man put asunder.
It is worth eonsidering how far the combination of Commerce with Missionary effort will supply an element of practicability to the labor of the missionary, which might be of the utmost value in praduemg a healthy intimacy and confidence between Anglo Saxon and Oriental, which it is so difficult to obtain when the idea in the mind of the Oriental is that the Anglo Saxon missionary is there, merely to under¬ mine and destroy his most sacred and cherished institutions? I am quite aware that it would need great care that the Commercial side should not assume undue preponderance, but what I am at the moment concerned with, is the consideration as to whether the Industrial side should not be given much more prominence than it has at present, or than it can ever have under existing conditions.
The Student Volunteer Movement has done an important work in appealing to students all over the country to devote themselves and their varied talents to missionary enterprise. There is no nobler work to which they could be called, and they have nobly responded. In just the same way. and for just the same purposes, this Association will appeal to the Commercial and Industrial population of the country, most sincerely trusting that the response may be proportionate.
One fundamental difference between the two appeals consists in the fact that the students volunteering are in most cases dependent for their support on the gifts of the Christian public, while the Indus trial auxiliary Missionaries we hope to enlist in the service, should be self-supporting. Another difference consists in this, that while the
students of the country may be numbered by thousands, the Industrial and Commercial population to whom we appeal number mtlhons.
People are very apt to ask whether there is not risk attached to such a business as the Association proposes to carry on. The reply must, of course be, that in all things there is risk. The best securities are apt to deteriorate, while others of a much lower grade may greatly improve. Whenever an industry is taken up by this Association, the utmost caution will be exercised, and everything will be done to pre¬ serve whatever money may be invested. But this appeal is addressed to Christian people in just the same way as a Missionary Society appeals for Missionaries.
In each case, those who appeal hope that those who have oppor¬ tunities and talents and are led to respond, will do so, boldly facing whatever elements of risk there may be, whether to the missionary who may risk his health and his life, or to the capitalist who may risk a certain portion of his capital, and it is urged that the necessary risk should be cheerfully undertaken, as much by the capitalist as by the missionary, for precisely the same purposes and on precisely the same principles.
I have some good lady friends who have kindly promised to assist the work to the best of their ability, one especially is assisting m form¬ ing a ladies’ Committee to co-operate with the Board of Trustees, and at the same time promises to invest a considerable amount in the work, so you will understand that this is the kind of helper I plead for. I am trusting that others will come forward in a similar whole hearted way, willing to join in the venture, to incur labor and inconvenience, and risk and even perhaps loss in the hope of establishing a useful work for the glory of God. I specially appeal to the ladies. God is using them largely in the Missionary' Field in the present day, and I believe He will use them largely in this auxiliary effort, but while I feel sure that there are both men and women who will come forward and assist heartily in this work, I quite understand there are others who however much they would like to do so. are unable, owing to
17
both their time and their means being compromised to other work, with which we all have every possible sympathy.
I am obliged to appeal in the first instance to those already inter¬ ested in missionary effort to assist in establishing this work, yet I would point out that 1 am very dcsirious of making it a special feature of our association to induce persons who have as yet taken no interest in the work of missions to associate themselves with this Society.
Our appeals will not, therefore, be addressed merely to those mem¬ bers of the Christian Commercial community, who are already inter¬ ested in missions, but also to the Commercial and Industrial com¬ munity generally, with a special view of enlarging the circle of those who support and take an interest in missionary enterprise. It is, however, a difficult though most important problem, as it will be necessary to put before the Commercial world something which will appeal to their reason, while at the same time not sacrificing or com¬ promising the main objects of all missionary effort, which is the extension of Christ’s Kingdom on earth. I believe as we go on, we shall be shown how to do this, and in the meantime, I shall be grateful for any suggestions on the subject.
One of your leading American Divines speaking of India, China and Japan recently said “The time is ripe for some American to give at least a million dollars for the cause of education and civilization in these lands. The American who will lead off in this great field will make himself immortal.”
I venture to think that if an American would come forward to “lead off” in this work, even if on a much smaller scale than is here suggested, he would do something more than make himself immortal, and I should not like to ask him to take up the work with this object, but he would be instrumental in founding a work which will, I believe, bring forth good fruit for all eternity, and I cannot help thinking that there may be some financialist to whom it would be quite congenial to be instrumental in founding a new and modern venture on lines m which he is expert, but who might not care to take the same part m
i8
an effort already being run on established lines. I that God has sueh a man amongst the
and how could he utilise his financial and coramerc.al talents to greater
also add here, that just as Capital will be obtainable from a variety of sources when once the Association is really known, so the management will also be strengthened and enlarged f™” sources, and there is no thought whatever m my mind of concentrating the whole management of the various concerns which may be initiated in the central Society, which would be quite impossible. I hope, how¬ ever that the Association may be instrumental in iiiidnlitig many con¬ cern's, and controllng Ihe pywciUcs which shall govern them, A' n"''- agement, however, being in the hands of others in New ^ork, Ph delphia, Chicago, Toronto, India, or other ;
cations, as far as management is coneeriicd, but affiliated to this Association, and all working along the same lines, for the same objects, and co-operating one with another.
In conclusion will you please allow me to commend these matters to your very careful consideration. If you think the suggestion now put before you is one which should at least be tried, and seeing it has been cordially approved by so many leading missionary authorities,
1 feel I may urge that it should be thoroughly tested, will you please do what you can to establish it on a firm basis, even if it is at the cost of a little inconvenience, and even if it does mean incurring a measure of risk? I appeal to everyone to incur both risk and inconvenience and even loss. I am doing so myself, and it is those who are pr=P«=d really to suffer even loss for Christ’s sake, with whom I am especially desirous to come in contact. Let us, if you like, assume that thep . risk In this venture, as there is in everything, but which certain y is not in this case excessive, and assuming it, let us cheerfully run it tor Christ’s sake. Let ns assume there is inconvenience to be faced, too shall we shrink from incurring it also? Some pod friends here present have already signified their intention of joining m he ventu e, and I trust many others may also be led to do so. I shall gr
19
receive their offers of co-operation, whether financial or otherwise.
I do not, of course, ask this on my own account, or that it should be done to oblige me. I ask it simply and solely in the Name of Jesus Christ, because I believe the work is His and is really needed as an auxiliary to ordinary missionary effort, as conducted by estab¬ lished Societies in His service. I ask first, for contributions, whether large or small, toward preliminary and general expenses, the honor of providing which has so far almost entirely fallen upon me; as I do not wish to appropriate all the honors I invite you to share them with me. From donations which we may receive in the future, I hope we may be able to make grants to hopeful Industrial Missionary un¬ dertakings, but if I thought that this Association was to continue to be dependent On donations and so be a further burden on the Christian public, I do not feel as though I could venture to bring its claims before you, but I feel convinced that it may be and with God’s blessing will be very shortly wholly self-supporting and an undertaking in which Christians will be glad to invest their capital.
Secondly, and especially I ask for capital to be invested in the New York Depot, which should pay reasonable return on the capital in¬ vested, and thirdly, for workers, men and women who in their degree would be willing to assist us in active service, on Committees at home or industrially in the missionary field, or in any other suitable capacity, possibly as Agents for the Association in various localities, Philadelphia, Boston, Chicago, etc. I shall be glad to hear from any who desire to co-operate, whether in an honorary position or otherwise. I may also state that other openings in abundance will be forthcoming for the investment of capital in Missionary Industries in foreign lands, when both means and workers to undertake them are duly forthcoming.
REV. CUTHBERT HALL:
This most earnest and thoughtful appeal is before you. From no Missionary Board has there come more hearty commendation of that for which Mr. Fry’s appeal stands, than from the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. That Board is represented
20
here to-day by Dr. Creegan, whom I shall now call upon to speak in response to the appeal which Mr. Fry has presented.
ADDRESS BY REV. C. C. CREEGAN, D.D.
Mr. Chairman — I presume I am called upon to speak, partly be¬ cause the American Board is the oldest of the foreign missionary organizations upon the continent, and perhaps partly and chiefly be¬ cause Mr. Fry lias done some of his best work in connection with the stations of our Board in India. I wish to call especial attention to the beautiful rugs, which may be seen at the close of this conference and which were made in Mr. Fry’s factory by pupils connected with the Mission School at Ahmednagar. Rev. Robert A. Hume, D.D., the senior member of that Mission, and all the missionaries connected with that Station, have given to Mr. Fry and his Society in London, their hearty endorsement. Dr. Hume, who is one of the best mission¬ aries in India, received from Queen Victoria in the closing days of her life a gold medal in recognition of his philanthropic work in super¬ intending the distribution of $1,000,000, as a member of the Famine Relief Committee. The President of our Board, Samuel B. Capen, LLD., and the Corresponding Secretary, Rev. James L. Barton, D.D., after having looked into the work which has been accomplished by the London Society, and which it is proposed to do by the Society which we hope to form to-day, give to the movement their unqualified endorse¬ ment. I have seen very much of Mr. Fry since he came here last April, as we have been in frequent conference touching these matters, and I heartily concur in all that Dr. Hall has said touching his char¬ acter and ability, and the movement which he proposes to inaugurate.
Since we are gathered here to-day to learn something of the prin¬ ciples on which this Society is to be based, we find that it goes back in its conception to the carpenter shop in Nazareth — back to St. Paul, making tents in Corinth that he might not be a charge upon the churches; and if we consider modern missions, we find that William Carey, a century ago, planted industrial missions of one kind and another in India and thus made his mission enterprise from the begin-
21
ning practically self-supporting. Somehow, in recent years, some of our leading mission Boards and some of our noble missionaries -have been so absorbed in their special lines of work that they have lost sight of the importance of industrial missions which was made so emphatic by William Carey and other great missionaries one hundred years ago. Dr. Barton, who has just spent several months in India, has looked carefully into the industrial missionary work, and at the recent meeting of our Board at Manchester, N. H., in presenting the report for the year, surprised us all by giving to industrial missions the first place. I do not understand that Dr. Barton means by this that he regards industrial missions of more importance than the evan¬ gelistic work or the educational work, but I presume that in view of the fact that this department has been largely neglected in the past, he wished in a peculiar way to emphasize it at the present time. In his report he states that 10,000 of the pupils under the care of the American Board are taking an industrial training of one kind or another; about a dozen industries, such as rug making, book binding, printing, carpentery, etc., being taught in the several missions. Since we have in connection with our missions 66,000 pupils in more than 1,000 schools, I am inclined to ask why we should be content to have only 10,000, or less than one-sixth, of these pupils in the industrial departments of our colleges and schools? I presume that it is safe to say that if funds were at hand for this purpose, it would not be long until the larger part of the 66.000, if not indeed the entire number, would be receiving industrial training.
Some one has recently said that if the colored youth in the South are to be properly trained, that at least ten of them should have some form of industrial training where one receives what we call the higher education without the training of the hand. It seems to me that in a very large sense this industrial training is a greater necessity in lands like India than even among the colored people of the United States.
If I am properly informed by our missionaries and others who have visited lands like India, so far as this world is concerned, we do
22
irreparable harm to these people when we win them away from their homes and caste by making Christians of them, without at the same time training them to use tlieir hands and find some way to support themselves and their families. The time will soon come when no mission board will think of winning converts in such lands as Africa, India and China without planting alongside of the chapel, the hospital and the school house, some sort of industrial institution which will enable these converts to support themselves.
As wc consider the practical side of this important question, it must be noted that but few of our mssionaries have the mechanical genius which characterized, for example. Rev. Cyrus Hamlin, D. D., the founder of Robert College, who was the master of half a dozen, some say a dozen different trades. It was said that this great missionary, in spite of the lack of enthusiastic support of his associates and with considerable opposition on the part of the home board, in his own masterful way made a decided success of the several industrial enter¬ prises which he planted at Constantinople. Now, it is asking too much of our missionaries, as a rule, to plant industrial schools and to superintend them when their hands are full and more than full of the work of education, evangelization and other lines of mission work which they arc best fitted to do. Here comes in the special call for laymen who have received technical training in our best schools to go forth to plant and superintend these institutions of which Mr. Fry has so ably spoken in his paper.
I note with much satisfaction that Mr. Fry states that this new organization is not to appeal directly to the churches, and, after the first $20,000 is raised — which is intended to cover the preliminary expenses— it is expected that the Society will be self-supporting and be able to pay a reasonable interest to the capitalists who invest their money in this enterprise.
In behalf of the American Board, which I have the honor to repre¬ sent to-day, I give to the plan, as outlined by Mr. Fry, my hearty endorsement. There will be called immediately into the service of this Society as Trustees and Managers, men of great practical wisdom and
23
much business experience, who will develop ihe work of the Society along the lines indicated in the paper to which we have listened. It will be interdenominational, and it is hoped that it will especially draw to it business men who wish to find a safe place to invest their capital and who, at the same time, may have occasion to feel that they are helping on the foreign missionary enterprise in the lands where our noble missionaries have been so faithfully toiling.
Mr. Chairman and friends, let us give to this organization our most hearty endorsement and cordial support.
REV. T. W. CONKLIN:
Mr. Chairman, it seems to me that Dr. Creegan did not put it strongly enough when he said that these people need this industrial training as much as the negroes in our country. I should say that they need it at least five times as much. Our negroes of the South have before them the finest achievements in machinery, in farming, and manufactures. They do not have the same methods of work as those of the Hindoo and the Chinese, which date back to the time of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. I thought that when dear old Minister Wu spoke so proudly of the Chinese as the inventors of printing and of gunpowder, and of the mariner’s compass, that some one ought to suggest to him that only three in a hundred Chinamen could read a book, and you never saw a Chinese ship on this side of the water, and so it seems to me that we ought to realize that their industries are patriarchal, and that the negroes of the South, much as they need industrial education, could get on far better without it, than the hard laboring people of the Orient.
REV. CUTHBERT HALL:
Is there a resolution to be presented here this afternoon?
REV. JAMES S. DENNIS:
I have in my hand a resolution which has been so carefully pre¬ pared that it seems to me to hardly need any comment as I offer it for the consideration of those who are here present.
24
"This meeting having listened with Interest to the testimony of Dr. Hall, Dr. Creegan and others as to the urgent necessity which exists for the systematic development of Industrial work in connection with Foreign Mis¬ sions on the best possible commercial basis, and realizing that the existing Missionary Societies are not constituted for this purpose, and that it is not desirable that their Missionaries should be too greatly burdened with work of this nature, hereby express their cordial sympathy with the objects of the Association as outlined in the appeal read by Mr. Fry and signily their intention to support it to the best of their ability."
There are several points in tins resolution which seem to speak for themselves, and which I can take for granted as already conceded. As to the urgent necessity which exists for systematic development of industrial work in connection with foreign missions, I have no doubt that wc are all of one mind on that point, and also that the existing Missionary Societies are not constituted for this purpose, and that it is not desirable that their missionaries should be diverted to work of this nature. Now there remains the gist of the resolution, which is that we express our cordial sympathy with the objects of the Association as outlined in the appeal read by Mr. Fry and presented to us, also in the very clear remarks of Dr. Hall, Dr. Creegan and others, and signify our intentions to support the Association to the best of our ability, Mr. Chairman, I move this resolution.
DR. CREEGAN: I second it.
REV. CUTHBERT HALL:
Tlie resolution is offered by Dr. Dennis, and seconded by Dr. Cree¬ gan. The passage of this resolution I am sure will be a great encour¬ agement to Mr. Fry and to all others of us who are interested in this enterprise, and I do hope and pray that we may all be so guided in this matter that a practical result shall issue from it. I am sure that a wise and conservative leadership will be sought in any enterprise in which this Association, when constituted, shall engage. I am sure that no one connected with it will be disposed to plunge madly for¬ ward, but rather to feel our way and advance only as we seem to be
25
advancing on a substantial basis. All that Mr. Fry has said concern¬ ing risk is certainly most worthy of consideration. I am greatly impressed, as I am sure all must have been, by the analogy which Mr. Fry has drawn, which I have not known to be drawn by any person in my hearing before, between the physical risks which a man or woman takes for themselves personally in going out to the Missionary Field, and the financial risks which people of means remaining at home are invited to take, this being the way in which they can stand shoulder to shoulder with the missionary. I have attended very tearful fare¬ well meetings to missionaries when these heroic servants of Christ have been going out to risk everything, while the people remaining have returned to their own comfortable homes. Now we are invited to show our interest and devotion by incurring a corresponding risk.
The resolution was carried unanimously and the Benediction was then pronounced by Rev. L. T. Chamberlain, D.D.
A GREAT NEED.
Extracts from a Paper by the Right Rev. the Bishop of Mombasa, East Africa.
Supporters of Missions who are rejoicing over the .success which God has given to Missionaries, are— for the most part— utterly unaware of the grievous pressure of a very heavy burden upon some of the very Missionaries whom they count the most happy and prosperous. The burden is the palpable inability on their part to effectually pro¬ mote self-support of the numerous converts and their children whom the Gospel has brought to them, through God’s infinite mercy in bless¬ ing His Word to the regeneration of souls “dead in trespasses and sins.” Is it fair to Missionaries that the Christian world should urge them to go on winning men and women to Christ, and leave them, in many places, to bear the taunt of having only “rice Christians,” when both Missionary and Christians would only too gladly and vigorously develop an Industrial Mission?
26
When I left India in 1899 the question of Industrial Missions was occupying the minds of the Missionaries there to an extent not known before. It was then easy to predict that a very great effort would soon have to be made to solve the difficult problem of how to find liveli¬ hood for converts. The prediction has already been fulfilled. An im¬ mense effort has been made with the result that industries are spring¬ ing up in many places, a,grand supplement to the first few successful ventures courageously risked by some Missionary Societies, notably by the Gfirman and American ones. In this development the Industrial Missions Aid Society has played an important part.
The industries now open to the Industrial Missions Aid Society in British East Africa are many. Government is offering lots of 640 acres free, in certain localities, to those who will undertake the grow¬ ing of cotton, coffee, cocoa, vanilla, rubber, etc. Rope-making, basket- work, baskct-chair-making and the manufacture of cocoa-nut matting are all sure of a market.
It is, therefore, with deep thankfulness that the Industrial Missions Aid Society has been hailed in British East Africa, and that Mission¬ aries have seen this important Society taking fuller and deeper shape before the world, and becoming an integral part of many Missions. The Lord grant His rich blessing to the Directors of this Society, and so use them that they may supply effectually the deep need of numer¬ ous ami deserving converts. That God i& relieving His distressed workers in many parts of His vineyard is plain, and the subject for praise. In His having brought the Industrial Missions Aid Society into existence we have seen, have we not, our "need and God's great fullness meeting."
— jik Jnduslnal Missions Aid Society is carrying on from London, Ens^taud, a similar work to that xchich the Foreign Missions Industrial Association hopes to accomplish in America.
27
INDUSTRIAL WORK IN AHMEDNAGAR.
When 1 was at Ahmednagar, I had the pleasure of seeing something of the work of the Industrial Missions Aid Society, and can only say that I was greatly delighted with all 1 saw. The absolute necessity of teaching our converts to earn their own livelihood was burnt into my soul during the whole of my missionary tour, and such industries as are engaged in by this Society ought to commend themselves to the intelligent and practical sympathy of the Christians at home on a much more generous scale than at present. It is worse than perilous to gather around our mission stations a host of converts from heathen¬ ism who know of no work to which they can put their hands; and in all the far-seeing centers of missionary activity which I visited in India, some kind of industrial work was engaged in.
Rev. Gregory Mantle.
TOO HARD!
If a merchant becomes a Christian, no one will buy his goods; if he is a weaver, no one will buy his cloth ; if he is a dyer, no one will buy his thread; if he is a jeweller, no one will employ him. If it is remembered that every particular occupation in life represents a par¬ ticular caste, it will be easily understood how matters are complicated where converts from the great Trades Unions are concerned. Hence the need of Industrial Missions, and the fact that they exist.
A man wants to become a Christian, say, from the blacksmith or carpenter caste. As a Christian he loses his trade, and he has been trained to no other. His forefathers worked in iron or wood, and he cannot attempt to learn other work. . . .
Just now this system is in full operation in the case of a lad of the brassworker caste. He is a thoughtful boy, and has come to the con¬ clusion that Christianity is the true religion, he would like to be a Christian ; if the conditions were a little easier he would be enrolled
28
as an enquirer to-morrow. But here is the difficulty. His father is not strong, his mother and little sisters and brothers are his care; if he were a Christian he could not support them; no one would sell him brass, no one would buy the vessels he makes. He knows only his inherited, trade. He can make 6ne water pots, lamps, vases, and ves¬ sels of all sorts, but nothing else. He is too old to learn any other trade, but supposing such an arrangement could be made, who would support the family in the meantime? Perhaps we might do it; we certainly could not let them starve; but it would not do to tell him so, or to hold out hopes of earthly help, till we know beyond a doubt that he is true. This is what is holding him back. Pie reads over and over again "He that loveth father or mother more than Me is not worthy of Me,” and then he looks at his father and mother and the little children ; and he reads the verse again, and he looks at them again. It is too hard.
It is easy enough to tell him that God would take care of them if he obeys. We do tell him so, but can we wonder at the boy for hesi¬ tating to take a step which will, so far as he can see, take house and food and all they need from his mother and those little children? — From ‘Things as They Are,” by Miss Amy Wilson Carrmichael.
EXTRACTS FROM LETTERS RECEIVED.
No. I. “I am greatly interested in this Industrial Missions plan, and was sorely disappointed not to be present at the meeting in response to your appreciated card of invitation.
"If I might be so presumptuous, I should say. ‘Now lettest Thou Thy servant depart in peace!’ For this industrial propaganda is one which I have longed to see brought forward. It meets the people on ground which they can understand and take hold of. It helps them to rise out of sordid conditions \yhich hamper and mislead our mission converts.
29
“It is the clay on the blind eyes— something tangible to help their faith. Onr mission schools lead to little else than teaching or preaching for the young men, and do not therefore touch the community life on all sides as they should.
“I most earnestly hope that this industrial movement will be largely successful, and that it will work from the people, out; and not be superimposed upon them, as so much has been in mission work.
No. 2. “The perusal of the pamphlets you kindly inclosed has con¬ firmed one in the conviction that to millions of yet to be Christian con¬ verts in heathen lands, this work will give a new meaning to the former part of that beautiful Scripture: ‘Godliness is profitable unto all things having the promise of the life that now is, as well as of that which is to come.’ As in our own nation, so in theirs, all cannot be prophets, and teachers, and so on ; and, as with us again, so with them, the true dignity of every right industry will have to find a practical emphasis :
" ‘Who sweeps a room as to Thy name “ ‘Makes that and the action fine.'
“So runs the sentiment, if not the actual wording of one of George Herbert’s quaint poetic utterances."
No. 3. “I was greatly interested in the Association meeting and approved most heartily everything that was said there.
“Too much emphasis, it seems to me, cannot he laid upon the busi¬ ness qualities of the men or women who are to co-operate with the Missionaries in this industrial work. Some of the finest, most saintly characters are often— nay, usually— deficient, I find, m that kind of sense so commonly miscalled ‘Common,’ when it comes to matters of business I greatly doubt whether the Apostle John would have made a good salesman or could have kept a set of books. Paul might. There are diversities of gifts.”
30
The following appreciations of the work of the Industrial Missions Aid Society of London are evidence of the usefulness of the work the Foreign Missions Industrial Association is designed to accomplish.
The foJlowing document was received by Mr. Fry from the American'Board oi Commisaioners for Foreign Missions:
To the Friends of the Ainerk-an Board :
ti lnlknJX.I’.® ''tr- II- Fiy. founder of the Indus-
thia* connected with
Its organization as its practical director and head. The of the American Board to India met the officers of this Ha rooms in London and later saw no
the Sodeie and Mr Fry? fw tJtnHle?-?'’"'”' “ "'“I
Missionaries of the Amerlcnn Board at Abmednagar, where this tion operations for some years, in a coramunlca
alnMnn ’iITf “““ Signed by all the male Missionaries of that
approved of the Society and its operations. “I ^I“"f,tlie recent Barrows-Haskell lecturer In India,
fjnr,?,P F.xceliency. Lord Nortlicote, Governor of the Bombay Presl-
dcn«, gave this Society and Mr. Fry their hearty endorsement.
therefore commend this work to American friends of Industrial training for people In non-Chrlstlnn lands. The labors of this Society are H which our Missionaries are attempting to do in
Industrial training, and which seems essential In order to give that training practical value to the Christian communities. We remain,*^ Very sincerely yours,
SAMUEL B, CAPEN.
JAMES L. BARTON.
The London Society has been recognized ns a useful Institution by the late Queen Victoria, hy King Edward, and by Lord George Hamilton, tbe Secretary of State for India.
Sir Mnnchcvjoe Bhownngree. K. C. S. I.. In Ills speech In the British House of Commons, on November 10. 1»02. referred to the work of the Society carried on In conjunction with the American Marathi Mls.slon, In Abmednagar, as an "object lesson which might be very widely Imitated."
Hi* Excellency Lord Northcote, Governor of the Bombay Presidency, in an autograph letter addressed to Mr. H. W. Fry, the founder of the Industrial Missions Aid Society, says:
^®,'} for a rime on a visit to
Groat Hiltaln and the I’nlted States, I take the opportunity to thank you excellent work you have done In connection with the Native Technical School at Abmednagar. The manufactory established there
31
Is of great value to tlie boys, and the quality of their work highly satl^ factory. Personally I sympathize keenly with every attempt to establish manufactures In India upon a sound basis, to render the population of this country less entirely dependent on agriculture for their subsistence. The Government of Bornbay will always regard such Institutions as that of Ahmednagar with the keene.st Interest and sympathy, and I shall be truly glad If you are able to receive any assistance toward its development from your American or British friends."
The “Indian Witness, " Calcutta,
the organ of the Methodist Episcopal Church In America, after publishing in extenso the original circular describing the scheme, adds:
"In commendation of the above. It may be said :
"1. It does not purpose to make a mixture of business and benevolence- "2. It propo.ses to give assistance to business projects of business men
In a business manner. . ... . _ _ _
"3. The ultimate object Is a good one, viz., making or earning money to aid Mission work In foreign lands."
Bishop Thobura
(Methodist Episcopal Church in America.)
"The Idea upon which the Industrial Missions Aid Society Is based Is not only a noble one, but Its plan of operation Is practical, and Its promise of usefulness very great Indeed."
Resolution of the Madn
s Missionary Cooferem
, co-founder of the Indus-
"This Conference, having heard Mr. H. W. Fry. co-founder of the Indus¬ trial Missions Aid Society, expresses Its warm iliHnp
methods of the Society, as sketched by him, and Its belief that, under Ulvlne blessing. It will prove to be a most valuable auxiliary to, the operalons of the various Missionary Societies In South Ind^la, especially In stlmula^tlng habits of Industry among our converts, and in developing self-support among our churches."
Resolution of the Wesleyan Methodist South India Synod at Bangalore.
"That this Svnod had hoard with pleasure Mr. Fry expound the principles of the Industrial Missions Aid Society that it believes the Society >8 ca cil¬ iated to be of much use to Missions In India, and offers him Its heartiest sympathy in the work he has started."
Review of the “Missionary Record of the United Presbyterian Church" of Scotland
When the same scheme was put before British Christians.
"With the objects of the scheme every Intelligent Chr'sUan must eym- pathize. To devote business talent and capital In this SP**^{* ft?rhrlq pHnclples to a business of this sort. Is to ‘naugur^e an ideal form of tlan commercial enterprise, and we hope yet to witness in its success anotiier noble fruitage of the Gospel.”
32
WAYS IN WHICH EVERY ONE MAY HELP THIS ASSO¬ CIATION.
Tliink about it. 'Ihink about it before God, and act on the thoughts He gives you. This is the kind of prayer solicited.
Talk about it, please, to your friends, and kindly see that they have the circulars of the Association, and favor us with the names of suitable persons to whom to send our new literature.
The Association has the following needs:
Donations — to meet pioneer and experimental expenses of all kinds, at home and abroad, and from which wisely planned Industrial Mis¬ sionary effort can be financially assisted.
Capital — to be invested in Industrial or Commercial concerns or¬ ganized by this Association for Missionary purposes, on which a rea¬ sonable dividend or interest may be anticipated.
Personal co-operation from suitable people to act on committees, or as agents, correspondents or representatives of the Association at home or abroad, honorary or otherwise.
Assistance in arranging drawing room or public meetings, introduc¬ tions to persons likely to be of assistance to Industrial Missionary work, and any suggestions which may be useful.
Further information may be obtained on application to Mr. H. W. Fry, General Manager, 105 East 22<i Street, New York.
Donore of $2,000 will be classed "FOUNDERS."
Donors of Ssoo " " " "PATRONS.”
Donors of Sioo " " “ " LIFE MEMBERS.”
Annual Subscriptions of Sjo or upwards constitute MEMBERSHIP during the continuance of the subscription.
JlaDics’ Committff
Mrs. GRANT CORBIN
Lennox Avenue, Rast Orange, N. J.
Mrs. GRANT CRAMER
Lennox Avenue, East Oranf^e, N. ).
Mrs. C. T. DRAPER
250 West 44th Street, New York
Mrs. S. V. GEISELMAN
4 West 47th Street, New York
Mrs. JAMES P. GILLESPIE
587 Madison Avenue, New York
Mrs. C. CUTHBERT HALL
46 East 70th Street, New York
Mrs. L. W. MINFORD
Savoy Hotel. New York
Mrs. E. E. OLCOTT
38 West 39ih Street, New York
Mrs. ALFRED R. PAGE
252 West raSth Street. New York
Mrs. E. ROPES
<3 Bast 66th Street, New York
Mrs. RUSSELL SAGE
632 Fifth Avenue, New York
Mrs. WILTON MERLE SMITH
20 West 54th Street. New York
Mrs. JOHN R. TABER
346 Lexington Avenue, Kew York
jforeisn jHissions f ntjustrtal association
!05 €a8t 22S gitrwt, j5eSD goth
The Directors of the above Association beg to make the fottoviing announcement :
It has been decided after full deliberation (which has caused unavoidable delay) that the original or parent asso¬ ciation must be solely and entirely a benevolent asso¬ ciation, without stock or stockholders, or profit to its members.
All profits which it may derive from any association or corporation started or organized through it, will be used and devoted, together with all donations, subscriptions and gifts received, to the work of carrying on and aiding industrial mis¬ sions, as explained in papers, addresses and pamphlets. It has also been found expedient to add to the name of the Association the word “ Foreign,” thus indicating more clearly the field where the work is to be carried on, and also avoid¬ ing complications with a home Association, which has for its objects the development of Industrial Missions amongst the negroes of this country.
It is also intended to organize and start, with as little delay as possible, the New York Depot referred to in the literature of the Association, and for which Capital is invited.
For the proper establishment of this Association, the Directors Mite co- operation in the following 'kfays:
1. By DONATIONS, large or small, for the general pur- poses of the Association.
2. By CAPITAL; to be invested in the subsidiary com¬ panies which may from time to time be initiated by the Association.
3. By CONDITIONAL GIFTS. By this is intended gifts which shall bear interest at a rate to be agreed upon until the death of the donor, when the donation becomes the property of the Association.
1 he Directors also invite ladies or gentlemen to assist in the establishment of this Association by making substan¬ tial donations of $2,000 or upwards to its funds, and thus becoming “founders” of the Association.
Donors of J500 will be mentioned as “patrons,” and LIFE MEMBERSHIP IS offered to donors of fioo.
These gifts, and the approval the gift expresses, will be a double benefit of great value in introducing the work to the public.
Annual subscriptions of not less than $10 constitute mem¬ bership during the continuance of the subscription.
Knquiries should be addressed to,
H. W. FRY,
Foreign Missions Industrial Association,
10^ East 22d Street,
New York.
To C. N. TALBOT,
Treasurer of the
Foreign Missions Industrial Associaciort,
34 Pine Street, New York.
190 ..
I have pleasure in donating, or in promising to donate during the current year, to the funds of the above Associa¬ tion, the sum of $ . .
Donon of $1,000 will be classed "FOUNDERS.”
Donors of $500 " " ” '* PATRONS.”
Donors of $100 " " " "LIFE MEMBERS.”
Annual Subscriptions of $10 or upwards constitute MEMBERSHIP during the continuance of the subscription.
The Directors will be glad to have the above form filled up so that they may have some idea as to the support they arc likely to receive.
I.4C -*.1; ^
• M
€r.^•'
« '»• '4IM «•?• .
in^'TW
- jrT»iiy /-*• ' ■*•» •
' >Mi«aMNn4,r , -
tmtm, mi-* • i-* » ••• — -
. "T •*
t’*.=
A Chronicle of Christian Commerce.
ulljp IPorpign iHiBaiona Sn^iUBtnal ABSoriatinn
ffioarti nf SirfrtorB
President
W. H. Parsons, 66 Broadway. New York. a r- ^ y ice-president
Rev, Charles Cuthbert Hall. D.ID., Union Theological Seminary, New York.
Chairman of Executive Comtnittee James Wood, Mount Kisco, New York.
Treasurer and Secretary C. N. Talbot, 34 Pine Street, New York.
General Manager
V . 'y- *05 East 22(1 Street. New York.
Lo-l oimdcr of the Industrial Missions Aid Society, of London, England.
Rev. C. C. Creecan, D.D., 287 Fourth Avenue, New York. Arthur M. Hatch, 96 Broadway, New York.
Abtiisurti (flaitnril E. H. abuott The Outlook. New York . KEV. J. L. BARTON, D.D.
Anieric.m Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions, Boston . REV. HARLAN P. BEACH Student Volunteer Movement. New York . . RtV. L. T. CHAMBERLAIN, D.D.
I resident of the Evangelical Alliance of the United States. New York . Rt:V. H. N. COBB, D.D.
Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in America. New York REV. JAMES S. DENNIS. D.D.
New York H. W. JESSUP Councillor-at-Law. New York REN' DONALD SAGE MacKAY, D.D.
New York D. L. PIERSON
the Missionary Retietv. New York RT. REV. BISHOP H. C. POTTER, D.D.
New York
.. , ROBERT E. SPEER
1 reshytcrian Board of Foreign Missions. New York REN'. D. M. STEARNS. Germantown.
LUTHER D. NVISHARD Noung People’s Missionary Movement. New York JOHN NV. WOOD
Corresponding Secretary Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church, New York.
For Ladies’ Committee see inside of cover, last page Special Representative's. L. Joshi. of Bombay, India.
(lIliriBttan (Enmmfrr?.
A native in India was once asked in the presence of the writer, whether he considered lying a sin. His unhesitating reply was instructive. “To tell a lie, sin! Why, how could you do business if you didn’t tell lies?” He was much too near the truth as far as general practice in Commercial life is concerned, but he was about as far from the truth as it applies to the true principle of Commerce in its highest form, as he could possibly be. The spirit of the age, the spirit in which Commerce is usually car¬ ried on, is undoubtedly a spirit of self-aggrandizement, not content with making a reasonable living, but aiming at the highest possible luxury, self-indulgence and selfishness. If this spirit of self-seeking could be changed to a spirit of self-abnegation; if Commerce were carried on as a service to God with a view to the benefit of othefs, the benefit to self being looked upon as a secondary consideration, would it not be much nearer to the best spirit of Commerce? Could not such Commerce be fitly called “Christian Commerce"?
The spirit of Commerce at; its noblest and best, must display three special characteristics, viz: wisdom, enterprise and self-abnegation. The spirit of wisdom will protect from all kinds of folly, false principle, lack of caution, or bad judgment. The spirit of enterprise will ensure in¬ dustry and perseverance, and prevent feebleness, small mindedness or timidity, and if directed by wisdom, will result in the expansion and solid growth of the undertaking. The spirit of self-abnegation will avoid the evils of lying or dishonesty in any shape, and so protect all those with whom Commercial negotiations may be carried on, whether for buying or selling.
The centre and life, however, of all true Commerce before everything else must be WISDOM, such wisdom as is from above. Enterprise and self-abnegation are only sub-divisions of true wisdom, which necessarily includes the others, as the whole necessarily includes all its parts. There
is such a thing as human wisdom which includes human enterprise', but excludes self-denial. Such human wisdom is unstable and largely il¬ lusory; it may lead to amassing money, but it does not lead to true gain, for in making this monetary gain, how much of that gain, which alone is true gain, is lost? The truest gain may also sometimes result from loss, and a time will come to many, when they will rejoice in their losses rather than their gains, in risks incurred, rather than in prudence dis¬ played. Money risked and possibly lost in the service of God, will bring vastly more true gain, than money amassed in a mere spirit of acquis¬ itiveness.
It may be said that ‘•self-abnegation’’ in business would simply mean opening the door by which other less scrupulous people could rob one at their convenience. This, however, is quite a mistake. The spirit of self- sacrifice governed alone by impulse, might lead to this, but combined with wisdom, it could not do so. If it is wrong and therefore unwise to rob others, it is equally unwise and therefore also wrong to let others rob us, provided any wisdom on our part can prevent it. as we ought to prevent it. for their sake.s, if not for our own. True wisdom, like perfect love, must of necessity be strong, as feebleness or weakness or folly of any sort, would demonstrate defective wisdom and very imperfect love.
There are Christian men now carrying on their business on the basis of Christian Commerce, and though they are few and f?r between, still their example ought to be multiplied many fold, and Christian Commer¬ cial men everywhere ought to realize more than they do what an im¬ mensely powerful instrument is entrusted to them in Commerce, nobly applied,
Christian people do not seem to recognize as they might the very great importance of uniting Commerce and Christianity. They seem to fear that Christianity would suffer by the contact, and fail to realize what a wonderful transformation would result to Commerce from the union. It must not he forgotten that Commerce is the highest modern develop¬ ment of God’s will that man should earn his living by his own effort. Much of his effort is doubtless sadly misapplied, but the same might be said about all kinds of religious effort.
3
Much that is done in the name of religion must be as utterly distaste¬ ful to God, as much that is done in the name of Commerce; but we do not argue that evangelical effort should cease because so much religious effort is wrongly directed. On the contrary we argue that seeing how sadly people are being misled by unsound religious teaching and prac¬ tice, there is all the more responsibility laid upon evangelical Christians to do their utmost to limit the evil, and show others how to put things right. The same arguments apply to Commerce.
Christians who are interested in the success of foreign missionary ef¬ fort, rejoice that in these days so many doors which in heathen countries have been closed to the preaching of the Gospel, are now open and present an inviting held to missionary enthusiasm. But what has been the means of opening these doors, and what will be the means of keeping them open and protecting those who enter? There is only one instru¬ ment through which this has been effected, and that is Commerce, and Commerce has not been used in this way by human wisdom, but it has been permitted in the Wisdom of God. Commerce or Industry must therefore be looked upon as an instrument which God designs to be used for Missionary purposes, and what God has joiiled together, as He has done in the united spread of Commerce, and of the Gospel, man must not attempt to put asunder. Paul again, in his days used the primi¬ tive methods of industry which were open to him, in order that he should not be chargeable to the Christian public, and he did so, as he states in 2 Thess. 3 :9, specially as an example that others should follow. The utilizing, therefore, of Industry and Commerce in conjunction with Mis¬ sionary effort, has the highest possible Scriptural authority, and we should no more hesitate to use the facilities of this day, and the more enlightened forms of modern commercial enterprise in the service of re¬ ligion, than we hesitate to use them in the service of Commerce.
The Foreign Missions Industrial Association are making a serious at¬ tempt to found and carry on business on the lines of Christian Com¬ merce. viz: suitable return on capital invested and moderate remun¬ eration for all employed, the balance ot profits, whether large or small, being devoted to the extension of Christ's Kingdom in Missionary Lands,
4
Missionaries by the hundred are appealing for Industrial Lay helpers, and there are also no doubt, laymen by the hundred throughout the coun¬ try, who would gladly respond to the appeal if it could only reach them, and if the way could be opened by which they could only seize the oppor¬ tunity. The Foreign Missions Industrial Association desire to be the link between these two parties, and to bring them together on self-sup¬ porting and self-expanding Commercial lines, so that all parties may be strengthened and none weakened in the process. Third parties are how¬ ever, also needed, namely those who have Capital at their command, willing to invest it in the enterprise and be content with a suitable re¬ turn. The Association also need the co-operation and advice of business men capable of taking part in an honorary or other capacity, in the di¬ rection of such work.
In the belief that there are Capitalists large and small to be found who would invest or donate at least a portion of their capital in such a spirit for such a purpose, the Association appeal for the financial and advisory co-operation of Commercial men and Laymen generally.
Sfol^a.
Bishop H. C. Potter writes as follows :
"Yesterday I had an interesting interview with Mr. Henry W. Fry. who gave me some account of the work of the Industrial Missions As¬ sociations; and I want to say that I think those who are associated in this enterprise have recognized, and undertaken, the development of a really , large idea. The East, and India particularly, had, to my eye, when I saw its peoples, a distinguishing note in all its industries, and that I may call, I hope without disrespect, the note of traditionalism.
But while labor is discipline, it is not, necessarily, bondage; and I cannot but believe that our Western methods, when installed and wisely taught in the East, will have, under the auspices of this Society, a really ennobling influence.
I pray that God may abundantly bless your efforts and theirs who are associated with you !”
5
The perusal of the report published herewith, of the meeting held in the Union Theological Seminary on the iith of May last, will clearly demonstrate to all inquirers, that the projects of this Association have the unqualified approval of those who have the best means of knowing the needs and requirements of the Missionary Fields. We may therefore take this matter as proved, and proceed to state how it is proposed to meet the need, and what co-operation is required from the Christian Public in America, in order that the schemes at present in theory should become practical realities. The needs may be summed up in two words, MEN and MEANS,
First, MEN (and this of course includes women), qualified men, and qualified women.
Persons desiring to be used of God for the furtherance of Foreign Missionary service, the noblest service in the world.
Persons with time, with money, with ability, with influence, to devote to the service whether at home or abroad.
Persons qualified to strengthen the Board or the Staff of the Parent Association, or to organize or act upon Committees in various places, to be formed to undertake the financing and management of certain special branches of the work, in certain particular districts, in affiliation with the Parent Association, but with independent action within their sphere.
Persons who are not afraid of work or risk, but who will work ac¬ cording to their ability, rather than according to their conz’ciiieitce, and who will run such risks as they may see that God expects them to run.
Persons suitable for service abroad as Industrial or Commercial Mis¬ sionaries, with the qualifications which qualified Stephen for his office.
Will every reader please ask themsel%-es before God, whether this ap¬ peal may not reasonably and rightly be addressd to them, in one of the capacities alluded to or in some other which has been omitted.
Second, MEANS, in other words fiioney. We cannot move without money; but if we get the MEN and WOMEN we appeal for, we shall not lack money. On this point, therefore, we need but emphasize our need of duly qualified persons.
6
Rev. Isaac F. Row, who has for many years been an itinerant Mis¬ sionary in India in connection with a society formed for the purpose of holding meetings in out-of-the-way stations throughout the country, writes in January last from India, saying, “Since I saw you here in India, I have traveled widely and seen a great deal more of the pressing needs of Industrial ^fissions.
I am glad to hear from you of the hopeful outlook in America, and trust your new Association will prove a great success."
A pastor recently gave this glowing tribute to the “everydayness" of Paul's life; “Paul, the great apostle, possessed this sublime faculty. He who lent an added glory to oratory on Mars Hill just as easily turned tent-making into a fine art. As he sat cross-legged on the ground, stitching skins or canvas, a menial occupation suddenly passed through a mysterious change, like the illumination of the darkened win¬ dows of a cathedral by the lighting of the candelabra on the altar. Drudgery became divine. Fra Angelica painting angels on the convent walls in Florence does not seem one whit more holy than Paul making tents or sails in some fisherman s hut on the shores of the Mediterran¬ ean. There is absolutely no toil, no task in human life that cannot be turned into poetry and worship by men and women who thrill with a sense of glory of the universe, the sacredness of human life, and the dignity of human labor.”
*****
At the recent Annual Conference of the International Missionary Union, held at Clifton Springs, in June, at which one hundred and sev¬ enteen missionaries from many different societies were gathered, the following Resolution was passed unanimously:
“Resolved, That this Union cordially commends to our several Mis- sionary Societies and Churches, the Foreign Missions Industrial As¬ sociation. recently formed in New York, under the initiation of Mr. H. W. Fry, of England, and supported by men well known and influ¬ ential m Church and Business Communities, and that we look with strong hope to the success of this effort to enlist Laymen, as never before, in the great Foreign Missionary enterprise.”
ISppnrt flf mpptiug
OF THE
Foreign Missions Industrial Association
Held at Union Theological Seminary, 700 Park Avenue, New York, on the iith of May, 1904.
Mr. VV. H. Parsons, Presiding.
The President called upon Rev. James S. Dennis, D.D., to open the meeting with prayer.
The President then gave a brief outline of the aims of the Association and what it hopes to accomplish. He stated that the objects of the As¬ sociation were first made public in New York, on the 8th of December last, at a meeting over which the Rev. C. Cuthbert Hall, D.D., presided. At this meeting Mr. H. W. Fry made an appeal to the commercial and industrial community of the United States, which appeal was cordially endorsed by the meeting as a whole, and the outcome of that meeting was the formation of the American Society now known as the Foreign Missions Industrial Association, which was originally incorporated under commercial laws as a commercial enterprise, though with a definite religious object. More mature consideration, however, con¬ vinced those directly interested that it would be wiser that the parent association should be purely religious, philanthropic and charitable, in¬ corporated under the laws referring to religious corporations, and that its special functions should be to foster and encourage the formation of subsidiary corporations, organized throughout the country on a commer¬ cial and self-supporting basis, and with definite missionary objects, and for the sale of missionary products. The subsidiary corporations will
8
not rely upon donations, but on capital subscribed, and be worked on principles similar to any ordinary commercial enterprise, with the ex¬ ception that the dividends on capital subscribed will be limited to six per cent, and the balance of profit will be devoted to the extension of indus¬ trial missionary operations. 1 his change of organization took more time to complete than was anticipated, owing to unavoidable legal mat ters, and hence the delay which has occurred, and which is much regret¬ ted: but the Foreign Missions Industrial Association is now in complete working order.
He called attention to three points, and said: “The speakers who follow me and who are intimately acquainted with the foreign mission¬ ary field, will enlighten yon upon these and other points from personal observation and experience. First, the need and practicability of the work. Of the need I think no one can be in doubt; of the practicability of tlie work, reference may be made to the Basel German Mission, India and Western Africa, the Industrial Missions Aid Society of London, East Africa and elsewhere, and other societies on a smaller scale, all of •which are successfully carrying on industrial mission work on lines similar to those proposed for this Association. Second, the duty of the Church is to preach the gospel in the darkest places of the earth, and the further duty which has too long been neglected, is to provide some means of support to enable converts to Christianity to earn their own living, so that they will not drift back, through poverty and privation, into Uic pit from which they were digged. Third, the field of operation open to the Association is not merely in India or even Asia, but the world, and is unlimited in extent. The Directors submit that this As¬ sociation has a very real claim on the Christian public, not merely for their sympathy but for their financial co-operation and support, and it is for this that we appeal. The sources of revenue for this, the parent association, will come from donors of two thousand dollars, who will be classed as “Founders.” donors of five hundred dollars, who will be classed as 'Patrons.’ donors of one hundred dollars, who will be classed as ‘Life Members.' from voluntary contributions, and annual subscrip¬ tion'^ of ten dollars or upwards, constituting membership."
The President then introduced Bishop Potter, who opened his re¬ marks by saying, that on his own visit to India, two years previously, if he learned nothing more, he had reason to be profoundly tliankful for the initiation of such a movement as that proposed by this Association. He also exprc-'Sed the hope that the Boards of Missions would not too strenuously persist in the purpose of separating the industrial and the Christian purpose of the missionary. ’‘You and I believe, I hope, ladies and gentlemen, that what we have got to give to these lands is not alone represented in institutions of religion, but represented in a civilization which we believe to be fruitful to those institutions, and that we can teach a better industrialism to India, because upon our industrial life there there is a high Christian ideal to harmonize these two ; to unite them in a large and scientific way. This seems to me to be the office of religion, the Christian religion, in the eastern world today. I do not believe that there is any nobler opportunity, not even in Japan. Mr. President, for the introduction of those ideas along the lines which this Industrial .Association proposes, than exists in India today. We are wont to think of them as largely a tropical people; they are tropical, they are semi-tropical, they are people who live in the north, in a zone not unlike our own, but they are people of ideas; there is no doubt about that; with great mental susceptibility; and when a religion comes to them which gives to man his moral freedom — for if you will carry your minds far enough back you will recognize that that is precisely what this Association undertakes to do — in making it possible for a man to believe in Christian religion, and to be a disciple of Christ, and yet not to be shut away as he otherwise would be shut away from the earning of his bread. Your office and mine, ladies and gentlemen who are mem¬ bers of this Association, is to open the door to him for a larger life. And I believe with all my heart. Mr. President, that just in so far as the Christian religion does that, it will interpret itself, and interpret the great principles of the divine brotherhood of Christianity, which can be made intelligible to the East Indian in no other way. Think of what belongs to your life and mine in the way of privilege, and what belongs to the life of an ordinary Indian peasant.”
10
The President then introduced the Rev. Robert A. Hume, D.D.. who has recently come to this country on furlough, and who is a leading Indian missionary of the American Board, and has had much experience in testing the work of Industrial Missions at Ahmednagar, India.
Doctor Hume: Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: It has been my privilege for thirty years to be a missionary in Western India. It has been my privilege for the last four or five years to be very intimately connected with the English Branch of the Industrial Missions Aid So¬ ciety which was founded by Mr. Fry. and which he seeks in a consider¬ able measure to duplicate in this coumry. and what I may say to you this afternoon will be from the basis of such personal knowledge and experience. I am asked first to speak on the need and practicability of such an association. In India, as I suppose in every other country, the missionary ought to be and has been a pioneer. In India he was the pioneer m English education of the upper classes; in the primary educa¬ tion of the uneducated and unlettered classes in female education, and in medical work. In all these branches they have so far commended both to Ute government, and to the Indian Christian and non-Christian comimmities the value and the practicability of these lines of service that now they are largely followed by others. It is now the privilege and the opportunity of the missionary to be a pioneer in Industrial schemes, and to me there is no dearer gift of our Heavenly Father than that of opportunity to open the door. And that is what this industrial undertaking does opening a much needed door in India. We need it for India as a whole, but we especially need it for the Indian Christian conmmmty. that the remark may never be thrown in the face of the Indian Christian, “you did that because it would be for the advantage of your stomach." If v.e understand the message and the mission of Chris¬ tianity to be universal, that includes every single branch of service, as well as every man, woman and child.
Lord Jesii5 Christ lias conic to ennoble and sanctity everything and now He is inaking industrial work the handmaid to all other Chris¬ tian service, so that those who give skill to the arm, and sight to the eye and capacity to use tools, they, I assure you. strengthen the Christian
Church ill India, very much in the same way in which our physicians do, who heal the body and promote the health of that country.
Then the next thing is tliat it is the duty of the Church to
Alake channels for the streams of love where They may freely run.
And love has overflowing streams to fill them,
Kvery one.
I assure you that in Ahmednagar, out of three hundred and odd fam¬ ine children whom I am supporting or whom I am responsible for, nearly one hundred are already largely earning their own livelihood, many of them with their own little bank accounts in which they put their savings. I assure you that we highly appreciate and that we give our warmest support to the principles underlying this organization and to the organizer, and to the Committee that head it; and I assure vnu that the Lord Jesus Christ who is to ennoble and sanctify every department of life in this and in every other land will, I believe, rejoice over this as an important point in the conduct of our evangelistic and educational and other lines of missionary service.
The President then introduced the Rev. H. C. Velte, of the Forman Christian College, Lahore, India.
Mr. President. Ladies and Gentlemen : A few years ago it was my privilege to meet Mr. Fry in Lahore, and he will remember with what hearty welcome we received him, and we are still waiting for this new Mission to begin its work in that splendid province of the British Em¬ pire. containing as it does one of the finest and most manly races in the whole empire, the Punjab. It is a significant fact that out of all the chil¬ dren. Christian and non-Christian, under missionary instruction (and there are about afij.ooo of them in missionary institutions), there are only two per cent., or say about 5000 out of a quarter of a million, who receive any training in manual and industrial pursuits. Most of these, perhaps all of these five thousand are Christians, and }’et one of our missionaries in his last report makes this statement, the percentage of literacy among the native Christians in the Punjab is greater than that among any other
12
comnuiiiity, yet strange to say, the Christians are far behind all other classes in the arts and industries. And it uas this state of things, brought to the notice of the Missionary Conference at Madras in 1901, which led that Conference to adopt the following strong resolution :
"This Conference, recognizing tliat the social and material well-being of the Christian community is a matter of deep importance to all mis¬ sionaries, is of opinion that the provision for efficient industrial training, and the promotion of all measures for the advancement of industrial training of Christian converts, constitute an essential element of mission¬ ary enterprise, they urge upon the several Boards the necessity of giving to such work a recognized place among the agencies and of giving ade¬ quate support."
I think we can have no stronger and clearer presentation on the im¬ portance and the value and necessity of such a work as this, in the inter¬ ests of which we have come together today, than that which came from this Conference in this resolution; and it comes with a great deal of force, coining as it does from a large and influential body, representing all the societies in India.
Now there arc certain conditions obtaining in India at the present day which emphasize the necessity for industrial enterprise. In the first place we have a large and rapidly growing Christian community in India at the present date. The work of the Church in India, as everywhere else, is a two-fold work, bringing men to Christ and bringing them up m Christ, in gathering and strengthening, strengthening and building up the Christian community in every way, so that the Church may be¬ come a self-governing, self-supporting and self-propagating Church. The Church stands face to face with a great problem, the problem of not only instructing these people in the doctrines of the Christian religion but of building them up and strengthening them and redeeming them from the awful poverty and the social degradation in which they have been doomed up to the present to live. Christianity and self-improve¬ ment go together, and it is our duty to open the door to these people to a larger life. The influence of Christ not only produces a change in things spiritual, a newness in things spiritual, btit also in temporal mat-
13
lers : and the Church, if she is to retain her hold upon these people, upon all those in whom this new life is bursting forth in varied directions, must concern herself not only with the spiritual life but also with all those conditions and surroundings in the midst of which this new life is to be lived. So is there not in all this a call to us for this new work which this Society has entered upon, a call upon the business men of our home churches to go out and to take off the shoulders of our mis¬ sionaries, the work for which many of them are ill-fitted, and by their skill, and by their business capacity, not only to make these industrial associations self-supporting and paying, but also by their skill to raise the standards of the various native handicrafts, and to improve the methods of the various industries along lines already existing?
The Presibent: We have with us Dr. Hall, who has been in India and knows whereof he speaks, and I have great pleasure in presenting him to you.
Rev. C. Cuthdert H.all, D.D. : Mr. President, I have to say that this paper which I hold in my hand is not the manuscript of an address which I am about to deliver, but is the record of a liberal subscription in money whicn Bishop Potter placed with me before he left. I am thankful that you have been permitted this afternoon to hear from men who are able to speak with the authority of great experience. Dr. Hume could, if he were not so modest a man, wear upon his coat the “Kaiser- i-Hind” medal conferred upon him by Her Majesty, Queen Victoria, in consideration of his distinguished and statesmanlike services during the Indian famine. And what in essence are the two statements of great¬ est importance made by these speakers? One is the emphatic and un¬ qualified statement of the need and practicability of such work as we hope to undertake in this organization, and the other is the universal sympathy of missionaries with the work, and that they call for it with all their instincts as an enlargement of the sphere of influence in India of the Christian religion.
Now in view of those considerations I feel that no further argument is needed. There are, I say. many things that one would like to say regarding the situation as it exists in India. The economic situation,
14
winch IS outside of caste altogether, makes it difficult for men and women to make a livelihood, and when that difficulty is accentuated by heir having had the courage to accept the religion of Jesus Christ, and 0 sacnhce the means of livelihood which otherwise would have been 11 eirs then ,t seems to me that the appeal to the Christian societies all over the world is a complete appeal. What we are pleading for here today IS the creation of a reasonable opportunity for men and women who, under enormous disadvantages, are serving Christ; and also for men and women m India, the non-Christian in India, who, by being made snarers in these commercial opportunities shall thereby have the most convincing argumenl that could be brought to bear, that the religion of Jesus Christ IS not a political name, which cares not for the lives and fortunes of the people, but that the religion of Jesus Christ is a religion
UinilL"'"^'*
I shall not prolong these remarks, Mr. Chairman, but I have not spoken on any hasty view of the situation. I have spoken on the basis of a long and careful study of the situation, a study which began long
mffidcd' '“'"'"“"I i" fhe most open
iintdcd manner in London under the very best opportunities to get at the real inner sentiment of the rulers of India, in daily contact with members of Parliament representing every shade of opinion regarding l e government of India, and a study of the situation which wL con ducted there on the ground itself; and I do feel that if there be any organization asking the recommendation of a Christian community with
the lionor for tlie moment to entertain this afternoon. lion“Mr^T'“'''r if It' "to* any introduc-
k!mw =■ P'-'^'ty'orian I do not
Ms. H. W Fry: Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: People sometimes address me as Reverend, but I am not a Reverend, and I L not a missionary in the ordinary acceptation of the term ; but I am a
missionary in this sense, that I have a message, and I have come to de¬ liver my message to the people of America, in order that they may assist forward this work. Having given my message and having done what I have been able to form this Society and put it before you, I have done as much as I can ; I have now to look to you, and I do hope that friends who are present, and other friends who are not present, will come for¬ ward and help this matter which others have told you is important, and which I know to be so, because I have had opportunity of seeing and knowing what is needed in missionary fields. But I have done all that I can until you come forward and help us. I am grateful to those friends who have taken the matter in hand since I have been here, and I believe that the work will be extended, and will be of very great service not only to India, but in all other missionary fields that exist.
When I was kindly entertained some years ago by Mr. Velte in La¬ hore, I remember visiting under his guidance, a factory belonging to a leading native, and it was this native gentleman who recommended that we should start our work in connection with rug weaving. We did start it a little later on that line in Dr. Hume’s mission, and, it is curious that both these friends should be here this afternoon. You have had some little opportunity of learning from previous speakers what a great need exists, and I sincerely hope we shall see a vigorous Industrial Mission¬ ary work established by the Commercial Community of this great com¬ mercial country.
The President: I stated that this Association was fully organized, it is ready for work; now what we want is money, and we cannot do much without money ; in fact money seems to be the important lever in this world, not only in moving enterprises of this kind, but in moving commercial and business enterprises. Now there have been distributed in the seats, cards which have been addressed to our Treasurer, Mr. Talbot, and if we could have about a dozen “Patrons” sign these cards this afternoon and say eight or ten “Founders,” and especially if we had a lot of “Life members”, we should go away from this meeting feeling that tomorrow the way was clear for active operations. If you have these cards and desire to fill them out, please do so; if you have not, they will be distributed to you at your request.
The Presideni then introduced Mr. S. L. Joshi, of Bombay, a member of one of the leading Indian Christian families of Western India.
Mr. Samuel L. Joshi: Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: It is a significant fact that the religions, intellectual, political and industrial revolutions through which Europe has passed within the last six hundred years, have had their parallels in India’s history. But with this difference tliat, whereas, like Europe, her religious reforinaiions and her revivals of learning, in pre-British times, have been the rt -.uh of natural spon¬ taneous progress brought about by the action of internal forces, unlike Europe, the political an<l economic changes of modern times have been thrust upon her by foreign nations. 'I'licrc is no doubt that the two great gifts of England to India, viz: English education and the Christian re¬ ligion, will survive her rule in that land. But the proportion of the popu¬ lation that has been benefited by English education is very small, while there is not even one professing Christian to every two hundred non- Christians after more than a century of Christian effort.
The great masses of the people live not in large cities, but in myriads of villages, depending largely upon agriculture for a livelihood. The ad¬ vent of British rule closed the war epoch in India and ushered in an era of peace. But the two famines which have swept over the land during the last aecade have shown how the triumphs of peace can be more bloody thaivthe victories of war. India became subject to the free-trade policy and was made an open market to the European trader for the sale of machine-made goods whicli could easily undersell the hand-made goods made by her own people. Then came the inevitable result. In¬ digenous industries were crushed, and many of the trading and the artisan classes unable to adjust themselves to the new economic environ¬ ment. helped to swell the agricultural class. After the Sepoy mutiny many of the fighting races were tlisarmed and the sword was exchanged for the plow. According to a prominent British official, when a density of population averages two hundred to the square mile, it is assumed to be necessary for national prosperity that mines, manufactures and the industries of cities be carried »m side by side with agriculture. There are districts in India with a density of more than seven hundred to the
17
square mile, with nothing but agriculture for the people to depend upon for a living. The need of industrial training lias indeed become so urgent in India that the British Government has established technical schools here and there, and a few scholarships have lately been offered to Hindu students desiring an industrial training in Europe and America. But the industrial problem in India is so complex and the held of operation so wide that private philanthropy and Christian Missions must supplement the efforts of government in this line to relieve the pressure on land and to bring about results on a large scale.
The need of conducting a variety of industries is even greater among the small groups of struggling Christians wlio have left all to follow Christ. Whether coming from the depressed classes or from the middle classes, the convert is often forced into a position of dependence on the foreign missionary for a living. Industrial missions alone can make pos¬ sible the rise of strong self-supporting churches of indigenous growth under Indian leadership. Industrial missions can take up the indolent, the helpless and the ignorant and transform them with the magic touch of industry into self-respecting, wealth-producing members of an inde¬ pendent community. They can take the college graduate, teach him the dignity of labor, enlarge the boundaries of his ambition beyond the loaves and fishes of government service, and cultivate in him the taste for tactful business habits till he becomes a captaiti of industry, capable of grappling with practical problems which have conw in the wake of the Industrial Revolution.
Under German. British and American guidance the experimental stage of Industrial Missions has been attended with great success, whenever competent Christian business men were available for this purpose. This success has amply demonstrated the practicability of Industrial Missions in India and has shown that the time is ripe for a distinct organization to be formed in this land with the special object of promoting Christian effort on industrial lines.
It is said that within the last decade the centre of industry has shifted from Europe to America. We thank God that the greatness and pros¬ perity of the land of the Pilgrim’s pride does not depend upon a policy
i8
of self-aggraiidizemcnt or territorial expansion, but upon the unceasing industries of a free people. The mission of America to India is a three¬ fold one, viz: to Cliristianize, industrialize and democratize the suffering races of that land. One-fifth of the world's population is perpetually sitting under the shadow of a grim death-like poverty in a land whose wealth was once the envy of the world; and on an average more than forty millions of human beings are now ruthlessly ground to death, year by year, by the slow process of starvation under the wheels of the political and economic revolutions wrought by western nations. Will not the Christians of America respond generously to our appeal to sup¬ port this organization, or will they wait till the next Indian famine is officially proclaimed at Calcutta or London?
Now or never is the opportunity for India’s industrial salvation. To¬ day is the time to help.
The President then requested the Rev. H. E. Mott, D.D., of Elizabeth. N. J., to pronounce the benediction and the meeting concluded.
A ^ -A
Wanted for an Industrial Mission School in the West Indies, a teach¬ er of manual training, must be devoted to the welfare of the scholars spiritually and physically. One capable of teaching carpentry, painting, etc., preferred. Apply, stating qualifications and terms required, to R. A. M.. care of Foreign Missions Industrial Association, 105 East 22d St., New York.
$1000 wanted to send to Turkey, as Capital to provide about too needy women with material for making embroideries, laces, etc., and to pay them a living wage while the work is being done. Who will provide this amount? It will be a most excellent missionary benevolence, and a manner of doing good which will have permanent and far-reaching influences. Please address the Manager of the Association.
'9
OUR DEPOT.
One of the main objects the Foreign Missions Industrial Association has in view is to establish a first-class Depot for the sale of all kinds of Oriental goods, and goods manufactured in Missionary Lands, and es¬ pecially any which are made on Missionary Stations.
It is especially desired that this Depot shall be a credit to the Associa¬ tion, and not only so, but that God and His Christ shall be honored through it. That this may be faithfully accomplished, everything con¬ nected with it must be done as well as possible.
We have no sympathy with the notion that because the work is con¬ ducted for missionary purposes that therefore any attempt will do, how¬ ever amateur or however slovenly it may be. Our desire is that every¬ thing shall be as good in quality, and as pure in design, as it can be made.
In advising missionaries and others what to make, as we hope to do, we want to benefit them with the best expert advice, and we want them to understand that we shall not be open to receive, or in any way to en¬ courage the manufacture, of worthless articles.
This does not mean that we shall only purchase expensive goods, be¬ cause we shall need large quantities of articles of small value to suit the needs of persons of small requirements. But however small the article may be, and however low its price, it may and must be good of its kind.
There is a notion about that mission-made goods are so carelessly de¬ signed and so “amateur" in manufacture, that no one can be expected to purchase them e.xcept those who are willing to buy them for the benefit of the work, irrespective altogether of their intrinsic merit or value. This must, if possible be altered, and the reputation of articles sold in the Depot of this Association, must bring credit to the whole effort, and raise the reputation of mission-made articles.
Another idea is also prevalent which we desire to combat, and that is the notion that a religious object, in itself qualifies any person to under¬ take any work for which they may conceive an inclination, or perceive to be necessary.
20
It do(fs not! A religious motive is excellent and necessary in order to sanctify an already acquired qualification, but it docs not qualify.
Effort in the Name of Christ is much too lightly undertaken, by ir¬ responsible and unqualified persons, and hence much misguided and ill- judged Christian effort, brings the Name of Christ and the credit of His service into disrepute. We repudiate the notion that the work of Indus¬ trial Missions may be done in a slipshod fashion, or by unqualified ama¬ teurs, however well disposed; but while doing so, we invite co-operation in any form from duly qualified persons who will offer their services in a true missionary spirit. More than this, as far as we may be able, we will assist suitable persons to qualify themselves for Industrial Mis¬ sionary work at home or abroad.
The above are the main principles on which it is desired that the Depot of this Association shall be conducted, and to these principles it may be rdded, that the scale on which it is carried on should be such that the whole concern may be prodtablc. and not merely self-supporting.
Capital is needed to be invested in the effort, on which a minimum return in the way of dividend at the rate of six per cent, may be an¬ ticipated. and of which particulars may be had on application to the General Manager.
Alti'uipt grrat things fur (iioii li.vprrt great things frmn 6nii
21
IGrttrra
From Her Late Majesty Queen Victoria, His Majesty, King
Edward, Field Marshall Lord Roheuts, L(3RD George Hamilton.
The following letters were written at the command of Her late Majesty Queen Victoria, and His present Majesty King Edward, to the Secretary of the Industrial Missions Aid Society of London. England, when the Directors of the Society asked Her Majesty to accept speci¬ mens of the rugs mamifacinred by the converts of the American Marathi Mission at Ahmednagar. The drastic inquiries usual on such occasions were made through the India Office, and in consideration of the great benefit the Rug Factory established by the above Society had been ascertained to have been to her Indian subjects, the Queen-Em¬ press honored the Directors and the Society by accepting their gift. The rugs were despatched to Osborne where Her Majesty was then re¬ siding. but unfortunately did not arrive until she was smitten with what proved her last illness, and in the consequent bustle they were put aside for a time.
The second letter shows that enquiries having been made concern¬ ing them, the new King cordially confirmed the late Queen’s accept¬ ance on his own behalf.
The letters from Field Marshal Lord Roberts, then Commander-in- Chief of the British army; and from Lord George Hamilton ‘at that time Secretary of State for India, will prove, together with the letter from Lord Northcote. Governor of the Bombay Presidency (which letter is printed at the end of this magazine with other important ap¬ preciations), that in the highest quarters the benefit of Industrial Missions, and of the work this Association hopes with the blessing of God to accomplish, is fully appreciated.
22
Letter No. i.
Osborne. December 28. 1900.
Sir: In reply to your letter of the 19th inst., the Queen will have much pleasure in receiving the two Indian Rugs which your Directors are good enough to offer for Her Majesty's acceptance. I am, Sir, Your obedient servant,
W . H, J. Hatch. Esq., (Signed) Arthur Bicgk.
Secretary the Industrial Missions Aid Society.
Letter No. 2.
Windsor Castle, 23d February, 1901. Sir ; I much regret that you have been put to so much trouble respect¬ ing the two Indian rugs made by the native Christians in your Society’s Factory at Ahmednagar. Only yesterday I ascertained that they did arrive safely at Osborne on the 6th January, but unfortunately they were put away and therefore were not presented to the Queen.
I am glad, however, to inform you that the King has much pleasure in accepting the gift which had been so kindly proffered to and accepted by Her late Majesty, and I am desired to e.spress His Majesty’s thanks to your Directors for this interesting specimen of the work done by those of His Majesty’s subjects in India for whose welfare your So¬ ciety so earnestly and successfully labors. I ahi. Sir,
Your obedient servant,
W, H. J. Hatch. Esq., (Signed) Arthur Bigge.
' Secretary the Industrial Missions Aid Society.
Letter No. 3.
War Office, London S. W., 9th April, 1903. Dear Sir: In reply to your letter of the 3d instant Field Marshal Lord Rolierts desires me to say that he will be glad to give his patron¬ age to the proposed e.'chibition in connection with the Industrial Mis¬ sion Aid Society. Yours faithfully.
(Signed) George T. Goschen, Lieutenant Colonel, Private Secretary.
W. H. j. Hatch. Esq.
Letter No. 4.
Indian Office. Whitehall S. W.. 31st March, 1903. Dear Sir; I am desired by Lord George Hamilton to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 30th March, and in reply to say that it will give him great pleasure if the Directors of the forthcoming ex¬ hibition will use his name as Patron. I am. yours faithfully,
(Signed) Frank Lucas.
W. H. J. Hatch, Esq.
Sraiianrurc. g’nirtlj iiibia
A short time ago the Industrial Mission Aid Society of London had a very interesting application from the Reformed Syrian Church of Travancore in South India that they should send down an Industrial missionary to teach the various congregations the best way in which they could take advantage of the industrial opportunities of their di.s- trict. The Reformed Syrian Church has an exceedingly interesting history. The church members, as a whole claim descent from the con¬ verts originally said to have been won by St. Thomas the Apostle, who traditionally spent the later part of his life as a missionary in India. This is probably mere tradition, but the church seems to have been originated by means of missionaries sent from Antioch some eight or nine centuries ago. The orthodox Syrian church is a branch of the Greek church which doctrinally is very corrupt. Owing to the suc¬ cessful preaching of various missionaries belonging to the Evangelical Sbcicties, many of the Syrian church have been enlightened and large numbers have severed themselves from the orthodox party. They are now exceeding anxious for pure evangelical undenominational teach¬ ing, and to combine with it instruction and advice in industrial matters. It is likely that any attempt to answer this invitation would not at first be reproductive although it might be so afterwards We should be very glad to hear from any thoroughly godly mechanic or commercial man who would feel led to accept this invitation and help to meet the requirements of these interesting and exceedingly excellent people.
-’4
Possibly some friends might feel inclined to guarantee the expenses of such a man should he be available. Applications may be sent to, or further informntioti obtained from The Foreign Missions Industrial Association, 105 East 22d St.. New York, or from the Industrial Mis¬ sions Aid Society, liU Great Portland St,. London.
The Hon. Alphciis Hardy, the princely benefactor of countless good causes, who educated the great Japanese Christian, Dr. Joseph Hardy iseesima, once told the thrilling story of his experiences which led up to what proved to be his life work. He said: "I wanted to go to col¬ lege and become a minister. I went to Philips Academy to fit. My health broke down, and in spite of my determined hope of being able to go on, at last the truth was forced on me that I could not. To tell my disappointment is impossible. It seemed as if all my hope and pur¬ pose in life were defeated. 'I cannot be God's minister,’ was the sen¬ tence that kept rolling through my mind almost continually. When that fact at last became certain to me, one morning, alone in my room, my distress was so great that I threw myself flat on the floor. The voiceless cry of my soul was, ‘0 God, I cannot be Thy minister !’ Then there came to me, as I lay, a vision, a new hope, a perception that I could serve God in business with the same devotion as in preaching, and that to make money for God might be my sacred calling. From that time I have felt myself as much appointed and ordained to make money for God as if 1 had been permitted to carry out my plan, and been ordained to preach the Gospel." — (Life of Faith.)
51ir (CljriBtiaii Hliirk mtii iEuniigrlist
INUCSTRI.XL MISSIONS.
Not to save the pockets of the Lord’s people was that movement inaugurated last month of which the details are given on another page. There is a large demand upon the resources of Christians, for mis¬ sions, for education, for philanthropies of all kinds, but the demand is not larger than can easily be met^ and it is probable that the cause of
25
religion would be in much better case if the demand were twice as great as it is. The loud call that has come from India, China and other countries for expert laymen and women to work as industrial self-sup¬ porting missionaries is motived by no tenderness for Christian pocket- books It comes from missionaries on the field, from secular authori¬ ties in many mission lands, from converts to Christianity, who arc familiar with the needs of the situation, and who see that fundamental to the development of a Christian society is that respect for labor, for service, which can be felt only by those able to do useful work which really serves the time and fellowmen. The bane of the far East and of nearly all non-Christian countries is indolence. The most difficult of all the missionary’s tasks is to teach men and women that the Chris¬ tian law, service, is in fact the law of human society, and that the reason why Christian peoples are so far in advance of non-Christian people is because that sublime teaching which Christ impressed upon the world by His example, ‘i am among you as he that serveth.’_ has dignified work, and made labor honorable just so far as the religion that Christ taught is the basis of the social order. Christianity so in¬ evitably, so normally tends to industry, to service, that one of the most puzzling problems of missionaries is to find occupation for their con¬ verts. Thus in not a few missions, especially in India and m Africa, industrial pursuits have been inaugurated, for the good of the people.
But it is manifestly not wise for missionaries to be burdened with responsibilities of this kind. Many of them are men and women of admirable business ability, but it is not for this purpose that they have given themselves to the cause of missions. Nor is it economically wise to ask industrial work and the management of business enterprises of men and women who at great cost have prepared themselves to bring the light of the knowledge of Christ to the multitudes who walk m darkness The business avocations which conditions show to be a nec¬ essary part of mission work ought to be in the hands of business people, experts in manual, trades, experts in commerce, experts m all the
problems of industry. • t •
Equally manifest is it that such persons have not the capital to in¬ augurate and carry on the industrial works needed. Hence the ne-
zb
cessitj' of such nn organization as was formed in this city last month. Capital must be provided, and also a depot through which the products can be marketed. In the nature of things the work must be not only self-supporting, but profitable, otherwise it defeats its own ends. But no work of the sort can be made profitable all at once, and perspicuous Christians especially business men. should see to it that the “Foreign Mission Industrial .Association" is eqjn]iped with an ample capital.
Bliy SfDt?
A Missionary has reccntlj’ died in the Philippines, who had cherished a hope that he might have been spared to build up a self-sustaining mis¬ sion, which, by the cultivation of the soil by the natives themselves, might combine successfully industrial work with widespread evangeliza¬ tion. This kind of work is being successfully carried on in British Central Africa and other places, why not in the Philippines?
It needs devoted men and women to go to the field, and other devoted men and women to finance them from home. Where are persons quali¬ fied for this work? Will they communicate with this .Association, which exists for the purpose of bringing them together, and assisting them in the organizing of such an effort, where such assistance is needed.
What is the risk involved?
The pioneer Missionary risked his life and lost it? But in losing his life, what did he gain? When he-stands, as he will do. before the Judgment-seat of Christ, will he regret or exult in his “loss”? Will he be able to produce any gain, which will be so profitable to him as this "loss”? More pioneers are needed willing to risk such "losses.” whether in life or capital, in order that they may gain such gains, for
When all is lost.
How little is lost!
And in losing that little.
How much is gained 1
Will you run such a risk? Why not?
27
(0ur Ab&itional NfcJis.
Money is needed for the following purposes:
$25,000 will be needed as soon as possible to supply Capital for Utc enlargement of a Factory already established on a Missionary Station in India for the manufacture of high*class Rugs, and other articles. The addition of this Capital to that already invested should make the business more than self-supporting returning a six per cent, dividend to its stockholders from the first.
$15,000 is needed as Capital for the establishment in the Levant, of an important Book Concern, which exists already in a small way in connection with a Missionary Society, which can much enlarge its scope of usefulness with the addition of the Capital required, on which rea¬ sonable returns may be anticipated. . t j-
Capital in smaller amounts is needed in many places in India, the West Indies, in North American Indian Mission Stations, in Persia, Syria, China, South America, Africa, and indeed in almost every Mis¬ sionary Field, for the establishment of Industrial effort in one form or another, in Factories, Household Industries. Agriculture, or Commerce.
The Association will be glad to hear from individuals who are quali¬ fied to support one or more such efforts financially, as home Partner, and to undertake its organization and management so far as may be de¬ sirable ; or who would undertake to organize a local concern, with its own Committee for the above purposes.
Finally the Directors wish it to be understood that they have other suggestions before them which they do not think it advisable to indicate until some person comes forward with considerable financial support, who would like to be the means of establishing such an effort, possibly as a suitable thank-offering and memento of a successful Commercial career.
28
The following appreciations of the work of the Industrial Missions Aid Society of London are evidence of the usefulness of the work the Foreign Missions Industrial Association is designed to ac¬ complish.
The following document was received by Mr. Fry from the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions :
To Ihe Friends of the American Board:
It gives us pleasure to introduce Mr. H. W. Fry, founder of the Industrial Missions Aid Society of London. Mr. Fry has been connected with this Society since its organization ns its practical director and head. The recent deputation ot the American Board to India met the officers of this Society and some of its direc¬ tors at its rooms in London and later saw no little of its work in India. This deputation heartily endorsed the work of the Society and Mr. Fry, its founder.
The Missionaries of the American Board at Ahmednagar, where this Society hns been carrying on operations for some years, in a communication dated January <n><l signed by all the male Missionaries of that station and vicinity, warm¬ ly approved of the Society and its operations. Dr. Cliaries Cuthbert Hall, the recent Barrows-Haskcll lecturer in India, as well as His Excellency, Lord North- cote, Governor of the Bombay Presidency, gave this Society and Mr. Fry their hearty endorsement.
We would therefore commend this work to American friends of Industrial training for people in non-Christian lands. The labors of this Society are supple¬ mentary to the work which our Missionaries arc attempting to do in the way of In¬ dustrial training, and which seems essential in order to give that training practical value to the Christian comnutnilies. We remain.
Very sincerely yours,
SAMUEL B. CAPEN.
JAMES L. BARTON.
The London Society has been recognized as a useful Institution by the late Queen Victoria, by King Edward, and by Lord George Hamilton, tbc Secretary of State for India.
Sir Manchcrjcc Bhownagrcc, K. C. S. 1., in his speech in the British House of Commons, on November to, igoa, referred to the work of the Society carried on in conjunction with the American Marathi Mission, in Ahmednagar, as an "ob¬ ject lesson which might be very widely imitated."
His Excellency Lord Northcote, Governor of the Bombay Presidency, in an autograph letter addressed to Mr. H. W. Fry. the founder of the Industrial Missions Aid Society, says :
29
"As I understand you arc about to leave India for a time on a visit to Great Britain and the United States, I take the opportunity to thank you very sincerely for the excellent work you have done in connection with the Native Technical School at Ahmednagar. The manufactory established there is of great value to the boys, and the quality of their work highly satisfactory. Personally I sympathize keenly with every attempt to establish manufactures in India upon a sound basis, to render the population of this country less entirely dependent on agriculture for their subsistence. The Government of Bombay will always regard such Institutions as that of Ahmednagar with the keenest interest and sympathy, and I shall be truly glad if you are able to receive any assistance toward its development from your American or British friends."
The "Indian Witness," Calcutta.
the organ of the Methodist Episcopal Church in America, after publishing in ex- icnso the original circular describing the scheme, adds:
"In commendation of the above, it may be said:
"i. It does not purpose to make a mixture of business and benevolence.
"2. It proposes to give assistance to business projects of business men in a business manner. .
"3. The ultimate object is a good one, viz., making or c.irning money to aid Mission work in foreign lands.”
Bishop Thoburn.
(Methodist Episcopal Church in America.)
"The idea upon which the Industrial Missions Aid Society is based is not only a noble one, but its plan of operation is practical, and its promise of usefulness very great indeed.”
Resolution of the Madras Missionary Conference.
••This Conf.rcnch, having heard Hr. H. W. Fry, co-fonnder ol Ihc Indualrial Mission. Aid Society, cypresses its ..arm sympathy with the aims and method, ol the Society, as sketched hy him, and its belief that, under Divine blessinB. it will prove to be a most valuable auxiliary to the operations of the various Missionary Societies in South India, especially in stimulating habits of Industry among our converts, and in developing self-support among our churches."
Resolution or the Wesleyan Methodist South India Synod at Bangalore.
"That this Synod had heard with pleasure Mr. Fry expound the principles of the Industrial Missions Aid Society, that it believes the Society is calculat^ to be of much use to Missions in India, and offers him its heartiest sympathy in the work he has started.”
.10
Review of the ‘‘Missionary Record of the United Presbyterian Church" of Scotland.
When the same scheme was put before British Christians.
"With the objects of the scheme every intelligent Christian must sympathize. To devote business talent and capital in this spirit and on these principles to a business of this sort, is to inaugurate an ideal form of Christian commercial enter' prise, and we hope yet to witness in its success another noble fruitage of the Gospel."
fflaga in fflljitl) rnrrjj ©nr mag l|rip tlga ABSotiatian
Think about it. Think about it before God, and act on the thoughts He gives you. This is the kind of prayer solicited.
Talk about it, please, to your friends, and kindly see that they have the circulars of the Association, and favor us with the names of suitable persons to whom to send our new literature.
The Association has the following needs;
Donations — to meet pioneer and experimental expenses of all kinds, at home and abroad, and from which wisely planned Industrial Mis¬ sionary effort can he financially assisted.
Capital — to be invested in Industrial or Commercial concerns organ¬ ized by this Association for Missionary purposes, on which a reasonable dividend or interest may be anticipated.
Personal co-operation from suitable people to act on committees, or as agents, correspondents or representatives of the Association at home or abroad, honorary or otherwise.
Assistance in arranging drawing room or public meetings, introduc¬ tions to persons likely to be of assistance to Industrial Missionary work, and any suggestions which may be useful.
Further information may be obtained on application to Mr. H. W. Fry, General Manager, 105 East 22d Street. New York.
Donors of Si.ooo will be classed "FOUNDERS."
Donors of Ssoo " " " "P.ATRONS."
Donors of Sioo . . "LIFK ME.MBERS.”
Annual Subscriptions of $10 or upwards constitute MEMBERSHIP during the continuance of .the subscription.
(Tffir out nnil forwnrO.l
DONATION FORM
To C. N. TALBOT, Treasurer of
S^arrtgn ffllsBioiiD Siihuetrlal ABBodclloji M PINE 8T., NEW YORK.
190
I hsibe pleasure in donating, or in promising to donate during the cur¬ rent year, to the funds of the abobe Association the sum of $ -
Doiiurs uf $2,000 will be “FOUNDERS."
IHinors uf $.V» will be I'latuteU “P.LTRONS."
Douors of $100 will be class<‘d ••I.IFK MEMBERS."
Aunual Subserlptluns nf $lu or up¬ wards i<oastilule .MEMBERSHIP durlnir tbe conilnusDoe of tbe sob- ecrlpUon.
The Directors will be glad to have the above form filled up so that they may have some idea as to the support they are llhely to receive.
AppUtntimi for ainufstnwitt in ffliaaionara S'pruritifB
TO THE MANAGER
9'arrtgn tfisetoiia litbuBtrial ABBodatlan
I0» EAST 320 ATREET, HEW YORK
You are at liberty to register my name as being prepared to invest to the amount of say $ - in any Secur¬
ities, on the tines of your Constitution, which may commend themselves to my judgment, and 1 shall be glad to receive particulars of any such securities.
DATE.
Mrs. GRANT CORBIN
Lennox Avenue, East Orange, N. J.
Mrs. GRANT CRAMER
Lennox Avenue, East Orange, N. J.
Mrs. C. T. DRAPER
aso West 44th Street, New York
Mrs. S. V. GEISELMAN
4 West 47th Street, New York
Mrs. JAMES P. GILLESPIE
987 Madison Avenue, New York
Mrs. C. CUTHBERT HALL
46 East 70th Street, New York
Mrs. EDWIN A. McALPIN
9 West 52nd Street, New York
Mrs. L, W. MINFORD
Savoy Hotel, New York
Mrs. E. E. OLCOTT
38 West 39th Street, New York
Mr-?. ALFRED R. PAGE
253 West laSth Street, New York
Mrs. E. ROPES
13 East 66th Street, New York
Mrs. RUSSELL SAGE
632 Fifth Avenue, New York
Mrs. WILTON MERLE SMITH
29 West S4th Street, New York
Mrs. JOHN R. TABER
348 Lexington Avenue, New York
Published Quarterly by the
Foreign Missions Industrial Association
105 East 22d Street New York JANUARY. 1905 Vol. 1 No. 2
A (Tliromcle of (Himtian Commerce.
Sljp STorcign HHiaatDna Slnbuatrial Aaanttaliott
®0arb of Sirrrtiirfi
president
W. n. Parsons, CQ Broadway, New York. Vice-President
Rev. Charles Cuthbebt Hali., D.D., Union Theological Seminary, New York.
CftfliVnmH of Executive Committee James Wood, Mount ICisco, New York.
Treasurer
O. N. Talbot, 34 Pine Street, New York.
n. W. Frt, 105 East 22d Street, New York.
Rev. C. C. Cueeoan. D.D., 287 Fourth Avenue, New York. Arthur M. Hatch, 9G Broadway, New York.
Ailuifiart! Olounril
E. n. ABBOTT.
REV. J. L. barton, D.D.
REV. tIARLAN T. BEACH.
REV. L. T. CHAMBERI-AIN, D.D. REV. II. N. COBB, D.D.
JAMES 8. CUSHMAN.
REV. JAMES S. DENNIS, D.D. REV. J. B. DEVINS, D.D.
KEV. J. r. QOUCHEB, D.D.
II. N. HILLARD.
REV. DONALD SAOE MACKAT, D.D. D. L. PIERSON.
RT. REV. BISHOP H. C. POTTER, D.D.
NOAH C. ROGERS. ROBERT E. SPEER.
J. FREDERICK TALCOTT. JOHN W. WOOD.
SailirB’ (Ilmnmittrr.
iIRS. GRANT CORBIN. MRS. GRANT CRAMER. MRS. S. V. OEISEI.MAN. MRS. J. P. OILLESrtE.
MRS. C. CUTHBEBT HALL. MRS. E. A. M'ALPIN.
MRS. L. W. MINFOBD. MRS. E. E. OLCOTT. MRS. A. R. PAGE.
MRS. E. ROPES.
MRS. RUSSELL SAGE. MRS. J. B. TABER.
F. M. OILBEET, OENEBAL 8ECBETA&7. 10» EMt esd. 6t.. New York.
ullip dlnauBtrial 10i0at0na liagaEinr
lOo East 22d St., Ne York.
Teleplione 17G4 Giamercy.
Tviblislied Quarterly by the ForeiRii Missions Industrial Association in January. April. July and October. Subscription price. 25 cents per annum in advance.
Ja>’Uauv, 1905.
Advi.sory Editorial Committee,
IlEv. .loiiN Bancroft Devins, i).D.
Fj. II. Abbott.
II. \V. F'uy. Kditor-in-Cliief.
1-'. M. Gli.BERT, Managing Editor.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Wliat Business Has u Business Man with Foreign Missions, S. M.
Zwemer .
The Basel Industrial Mission, G. R. Witte . ‘
Industrial Missions, P. Kti Isaka Seme .
What Black Boys Tbiuk o£ Industrial Education . 17
A South American Industrial Mission . 1^
Prospectus of Proposed Cannery .
Editorial Notes ..
29
INDIAN WORKER IN DRASS-AHMEDNAQAR.
Ulljr HInJ'natrial llHissiiina iiflagaEUir
VoL. 1. .lANUAKY, 1005. No. 2.
What Inainraa i^ns a iSitaiucaa Wait Witlj IFarcign Wiaaunia.
HEV. S. hr. ZWEhlER. D.D.
The word business comes from the Aiiglo-Sn.^on, hyzig which menus active, diligent ; and the fact that the term man-of-businesa means what it does and only that, speaks volumes regarding the character of our age. Other professions may have leisure, brook delays, or be sedentary in character. The man of business is al¬ ways on the go. The commercial world has no place for the care¬ less, dull, indolent, listless talker or idler. Push and Pull are writ¬ ten on every door. Competition is keen, entei-prise lively, advertise¬ ment startling and ambition world-wide. Now the one great and only business of the Church is missions, and from the nature of modern business and the character of Foreign Missions, two things are very evident. To impress them on you is strictly business and will not take five minutes of j’our time.
I. Your business is con.nected with Foreign Missions and you ARE indebted TO TiiE.M. This is true whether you are a Christian or not, and whether you believe in converting the heathen or consider the enterprise Quixotic and hopeless. Whatever branch of finance or trade you are engaged in, I challenge yon to read up its history and yo\i will find yourself face to face with Foreign Missions. There are no banks or drafts in heathendom. There is no partner¬ ship in Mohammedan lands, for no one trusts his neighbor. The history of architecture, drainage and transportation all land you in
•i
THE lyDUETIilAL J//.S’.S70.Y.S' MAG.XZiyE.
tlip story of iiiccHan'al missions, iloclorn commerce is the fruit of Christianity no less tlian mntlern civilization. The fact that I>on- <lon and New York, and not IVkin or f’onstaiitinople, are the finan¬ cial pillars of tlie workl, is due to (’olninha and Aupistin. Pesehel, the preat geographer, .said: “(Jeography, eommevee and the spread of the Christian religion liavc singularly enn\igh a common his¬ tory.’ ilissions not on.y pronuite but create commerce. Ipecac and quinine and india-ruhh<‘r were discovere<l ly missionaries; the first steamsliips on African lakes were built for missions; i)loughs were first sold in lurkey by American missiojiarics; Yankee clocks have followed \ ankee schoo’-teachc-r'. from Cliina to Peru. Com¬ mercial facts like tlu'se arc s<j luinurons and novel that I commend to you their perusal in briok.s like Warneck ? “ilodern l\Iissions and Culture,” or the Ely Volume on “.Missions and Science.”
\o\j owe a debt l(i Por<'ign Missions as a business man. The heathen have a claim on you at lea>t si.\ days a week. Some of tlie indispensables of your hinch and the comforts of your home are the rcf-xilt of licatlien labor. And no moilern business man denies that ho owes a duty to his einploy<*es. ilany of your costly imjairts are brouglit to the wharvi's liy heathen slavi'-lahor. Who gathered and tlried tlie tea in India, ('cylon and C'liina ' Who toiled at the looms in Persia and Afghanistan to fill your tapestry department^ Did the negroes who carried your ivory to the coast ever hear of your Saviour t \ou say nil luisiness men are not interested in billiard-lialls or piano-key>. Granted. But look at your desk. Whence* came the tools of your ju-ofessiont Your bottle of muci¬ lage and your bo.v of stamps owes a debt to the Arabs of Jlad- ramaut. \ our eraser ami the handle of your fountain-pen came from South America, the neglected continent. The graphite of your iK’ueil from dark Siberia, and your finest grade of ink from t’liina. If you are in the <lrug or grocer trade look down the list of oils, balsams, gums and barks and see what you owe to heathen lands. Ill tlio busine.'S wiirhl no man liveth to liiinself. A famine
THE IMHHTRIAL illiJEIONS MAGAZINE.
at the antipodes changes stock in Wall Street. The occupation of the New Hebrides by missionaries lowered quotations on arrow- root. Livingstone’s last journey opened half a million markets for piece-goods. The value of exports and imports of Hawaii for a single year are twedve times as much as the total sum spent from the beginning until the end by foreign missionaries in evangeliz¬ ing and civilizing its people. War destroys markets and has closed inore open doors than opened closed ones. But the missionary is the pioneer of commerce and the herald of civilization. If you want a wider market send out more missionaries. Tlie man who reads a primer wants a sliirt and his wife a broom. Uganda will soon import American carpet-sweepers. It ought not to take a business man long to see that missions pay, even in the lowest sense of the word.
Now while you profit by this world-market you cun not hide from yourself the fact that much of this wealth costs the lives of men for whom (Mn-ist died, and that they have dk<l practically in your service, never having heard the Blessed Niiinc. Here lies a great responsibility for business men and they should show to the world that they have a stake in the greatest business enterprise and the most stupendous Trust of the twentieth century— Foreign ilissions.
11. Foreign ^Missions needs you, because you are a busi.ness >1A.\. When the world was half asleep and wholly drowsy, in the Jliddle Ages, monks were missionaries. Now it is daybreak every¬ where and monks are out-of-date. We want business men for the business. There are certain words of David, oft quoted, about the King's business requiring haste. They were a lie to begin witli, and, as applied to Christ’s Kingdom arc only partly true and wholly inadequate. The King’s business requires a great many things more imperatively, than basic. His work requires the very quali¬ ties in its servant, which you possess, if you are a successful busi¬ ness man. Capital, caution, confidence, attention, application, ac¬ curacy, method, punctuality, dispatch — these are the elements for efficient conduct of business of any sort. They are the very elo-
0
Tilt: IM)L UTIilAL Minmosti ilAOA'/ANE.
merits that have built up and would today rejuvenate the business at the old stand of Foreign ilissions.
Tills business of Foreign Missions is sorely in need of less criti¬ cism and more capital. You can supply it. It is acknowledged on the Best Authority to be the most paying investment in the world. Ten thousand per cent, (or an hundred fold) is guaranteed; and has been paid to investors again and again. The enterprise of carrying the gospel to every creature is older, has more branch- offices, and covers a wider territory than the Standard Oil Com¬ pany and furnishes better light and warmth to humanity. Why are business men afraid to sink capital in this Divine Trust? But it is more than mere capital that the business needs. Foreign Mis¬ sions need you, yourself. A business enterprise needs business men to direct it. to extend it. and to carry it on. Some of the most suc¬ cessful missions were inaugurated by laymen or business men. There is today a wider and louder call for consecrated business men in the Foreign Mission field than there ever was before. The whole problem of industrial-missions, which lies bock of that other jirob- lem of obtaining a self-supporting native church, will have to be solved by men of business. The cause of Foreign Jfissions needs tho help of business men in its administration; business men who will give their time and talent to this important work and make it their business to do the Lord’s work in a business-like way.
When tho ifaster walk<'d outside of Capernaum one day Ilis eye fell on a business man named ifatthew, sitting in the midst of ac¬ count-books and vouchers, at the receipt of custom. And He said unto him, follow Me. And this business man left all rose up and followed Him.
‘‘Beloved, let us love so well,
()\ir work shall still be better for our love And still our love Ik; sweeter for our work.”
Christ Ilimstdf had no higher word by which to designate His mission on earth and Ilis passion for a lost world than the word
THE IXJJL .STItlAL ilLiSlOXS MAGAZINE.
7
that joins you to Him as a fellow-craftsman at the same task. “IFi’si ye not that 1 must he about My Fathe/s business?’’ You are a business man and I want to ask you a straightfonvard ques¬ tion; Who is your Father? And what is His Business?
®lff lasrl JlnJiitHtrial iliBBUin.
GEORGE B. WITTE.
At the time tlic last Ecumenical Missionary Conference was held in New Tork. five j-ears ago, I was en route to the Indian tribes, living in that great and hitherto unexplored region, lying between the Amazon and the southern limits of the three Guianas. When it is known that mail reached me in those parts, only at intervals of from six to nine months, and had to be carrietl, for the most part, by Indian runners, it will be understood why in the mail-parcels, as a rule, anything of a bulky nature had to be excluded ; and for that reason, the reports of the Mission Conference never came to my eye till my return to civilization last winter. However, a good thing never comes too late, and while the meeting to most of its participants is probably now only a faint memory, its records come to me with the charm of entire freshness.
On reading them over. I have been particularly impressed with the half-dozen reports embodied in the 29th chapter — on Industrial Education— in which this phase of mission work is very ably repre¬ sented by missionaries from five different countries, under such significant headings as “Industrial Training ns Character Build¬ ing,” “The Industrial Question in Asia,” “A Buming.Question of Today.”
I find, however, by occasional reference to these articles here and there, that their special importance seems to have been more or less lost in the mass of general mission information, given in the
S THE INDEiiTRIAL MISSI02^'B MAGAZIl^^E.
two volumes, nnd this cliscover3- must serve me as a sufficient excuse for resurrecting at least one of the essays written for that occasion. I refer to the one by the Rev. L. T. Frohnmeier, of India. The paper, unfortunately, arrived too late to be heard at the conference, nnd hejice necessarilj’ failed to moke that deeper impress, which nhvaj’s results from a personal representation by an interesting speaker. For the average missionary student. I fear, the printed report is too lengthj’ nnd may have been passed over by many read¬ ers, which is all the more to be regretted, as Mr. Frohnmeier linndles his subject in an interesting manner, iloreover, his essay has tliis added charm, that it does not deal with a theory, but pre¬ sents the simple facts of tlio development and growth of a most re¬ markable work, allowing the reader to di'aw his own deductions, yet leaving upon all the impression that the paper deals in a thorough-going manner with one of the most burning problems, which confronts mission enterprise.
THE HISTOnv OE THE WORK.
The Basel Evangelical ^Mission was led into this work by the force of circumstances. The fact that many of their Indian con¬ verts, by reason of their acceptance of Christianity, lost their caste nnd social position, forced the missionaries to consider and try vari¬ ous methods tlirough whicli tlie believers might be able to obtain a means of livelihood for themselves. At the start, these attempts at imhistrial work were directed by the regularly ordained mission¬ aries, and one charm of Mr. Frohnmeier's account of this work is this, tlmt he gives a faithful representation, making no attempt to disguise the fact that in the beginning these efforts were in no wise a success.
In 1S52. the Mission Society sent out its chief inspector, Mr. Josenhaus, to study the question on the field, and Mr. Josenhaus, on his return from India, strongly endorsed the work, pointing out that its apparent failure was due onlj’ to insufficient means and to
THE I^iDE.HTRlAL MISSIONS MAGAZINE.
9
ft want of properly-qualified men, and not to any inherent defect in the idea itself.
The objection to the work, which had been raised at home, name¬ ly, that mission funds were sunk in unproductive industrial enter¬ prises, was met by a proposition, that this part of the llissions’ work be undertaken by n separate committee, who should furnish their own funds, out of their own personal resources, and who would agree to assume all financial responsibilities. This was done, tlie committee raising a fund of % of a million francs, divided into shares of 2500 francs each, and this sum has proven amply sufficient for all the subsequent needs of the work. Of its financial results we shall speak later on ; incidentally, we may here mention that one-half of the shares have, in the course of time, become the pro¬ perty of the mission, by legacies, and are now held as the most valuable asset W’hich the Society holds, the real estate alone amount¬ ing to very close to 900 per cent, on the capital invested.
THE RELATION TO THE GENERAL WORK OF THE MISSION.
In putting the Industrial Department on a thoroughly business¬ like basis, it became a problem, with its promoters, all of whom were earnest Christian men, to safeguard the movement in such a manner as to prevent its ever falling into the control of men w’ho might look more to their own personal gain than to the higher purposes of the llission, which the enterprise professed to aid.
This w'as secured by the voluntary adoption of a rule, by which the shareholders limited the maximum of returns on their capital to themselves to 5 per cent, per annum, and agreed in advance that all the surplus, over and above this 5 per cent., should go into the general mission treasury. A number of the members of the Indus¬ trial Mission Committee also served on the general Mission Board, and the general Mission Board has been permanently represented on the Industrial Committee by naming a certain number of ex-officio members, the President of the Missionary Society and its chief inspectors always 1 eing among them.
10
THE INDUSTRIAL MISSIONS MAGAZINE.
THE COMMERCIAL BRANCH.
At first, only manufacturing industries were undertaken, but the success of these, employing a great number of converts first in India and later in Africa, soon demonstrated the necessity of en¬ gaging in mercantile operations as well. The purpose of these are; first, to supply the foreign mission stations with European goods; second, to buy the raw materials for the use of the established mis¬ sion factories; and lastly, to find a profitable market for the materials produced at the Mission works.
This part of the work (commerce) dates from the year 1859. Of the financial results of the work, Frohnmeier speaks with true Ger¬ man modesty, and the figures appended to this paper are not taken from his Conference report, but were obtained from the printed statements which have been furnished annually to the shareholders, by the Committee's chief business agent at Basel, for the last forty- four years.
THE PROBLEMS STATED.
The principles underlying the work, however, are very clearly set forth. It may be well to bring out a few of them in Mr. Erohn- ineier’s own words : “The help wliich our people received can be compared in no way to alms. Tbe wages are honestly earned, in most cases by hard work. They are in proportion to the real market value of tho work. The establishments are expected to be self-sup¬ porting, to say the least. If the people are in need of alms, the poor fund of the congregation has to meet this need, and the industrial establishments are generous enough to give every year a liberal donation to these poor funds. Brethren in charge of congregations sometimes confound industrial establishments with poor houses, expecting that the blind, the lame, and the halt can be admitted and receive full wages, or that people can be paid, not according to their work, but according to tlieir needs. It stands to reason that such a system would not be business-like nor just, and furthermore, it would be demoralizing. On the other hand, it has always been
THE INIJtiiTniAL iJ//&'.S7C*iV&' MAOAZItiE.
11
our opinion that it is our duty, not only to help our converts to keep soul and body together, but also to assist them to rise from an unworthy poverty to a position of comparative superiority in the midst of the non-Christian population, so as to enable them to exert, by an enhanced power of life, a wholesome influence on the whole nation and to demonstrate the fact, that Christianity is also the perfection of national economy, and that wheresoever it has been implanted and nourished, it has been conducive to the de¬ velopment of culture and to the transformation of all conditions of life.”
PRACTICAL LESSONS OF THEIR WORK.
Speaking about the results accomplished, Mr. Frohnmeier points out that even from the material side, the results accomplished must be viewed from a double standpoint. They are by no means measured by the number of factories established and by the num¬ ber of converts actualy employed in them, but account should like¬ wise be taken of the stimulus, which the example of the stations has imparted and of the large number of men, who have been en¬ couraged to set up industries of their own by the teaching received at the stations. The example of dignified and ennobling self-help, which these establishments are fostering, are one of the most en¬ couraging features of the Basel Society’s mission work, both in India as well as in Africa.
About the Committee’s own enterprises. Mr. Frohnmeier sig¬ nificantly says: “We have not succeeded with any article, in which we had to eomi>ete, either with native manufacturers or with goods imported from Europe. Our establishments have paid their way by producing either quite new articles, or articles of superior quality.”
In this connection, it may be interesting to know that the Khaki cloth and color, first adopted by the Indian array, is an invention of one of the Basel Industrial ^Missionaries, and the ^Mission fac-
12
THE INDUSTUIAh .1//-V.S70-Y.S' MAGA'/HyE.
tories for a long time were the exclusive manufacturers of it, inul on a contract supplied it to the Indian Government.
Another fact, which has been emphatically demonstrated by the Society’s experience during the last forty-five years is this, that no enterprise has succeeded till its management was taken in hand by trained Europeans, sent out from, home to superintend the work. These lay-workers are placed on an equal footing witli the ordained missionaries, their salaries in some cases are higher than those given to the ordained men. As regards their special work and in ah questions of technique and commerce, they are responsible to tlu- Industrial Mission Committee, but in their personal relations, they arc sul»ject to the general Mission Board, exactly as arc the preachers and teachers.
Mr. Frohnineier admits that the percentage of failures, as re¬ gards tliis class of lay-workers, is slightly larger than that of tlie ngular missionaries, but accounts for it by the fact that the latter arc required to undergo a probationary period of from five to seven years (five at home and two on the field), a plan which could not well be adopted for the industrial and mercantile workers.
In closing the report, special reference is made to the fact, that the iiuhistrinl enterprises engaged in by the Society, have proven themselves, under tlic blessing of God, of the utmost import, even in the dii'cetly spiritual work of the mission. Through it, thousands have been reached and permanently added to the mission forces, who would otherwise hardly have been able to lead consistent Christian lives under the degrading circumstances in which the mission found them, and out of which they were helped tlirough the means which the industrial work afforded.
FINANCIAL IlKSULTS.
Wo now come to the financial results of the work, of which the Conference report speaks only incidentally, though they would un¬ doubtedly furnish justifiable ground for considerable boasting, if the work had been established by an American agency. An analysis
THE IXDifi'iTilAL MISSIONS MAOAHINB.
cf the accounts speaks volumes for the faithfulness and exactitude v/ith which the work has been administered. Taking the report for the forty-third year (1902) as an example, the total receipts of the Committee are put down as Frcs. G34,50G, of this sum the home depot in Basel is credited with a gain of Frcs. 215, 527. The mer¬ cantile operations netted 275,293, and the industries showed a proht of Frcs. 143,685.
The disbursements for the year are as follows:
Salaries and support of the worker.s, including those at
home on furlough . ' j .
Pension Fund and Contribution to the Widows Fund . .. . Percentage allowed for the Education of the Children of
Missionaries .
Cost of Administration. Taxes and Repairs .
Insurance, Depreciation of Real Estate, etc .
85,179
30,013
28,800
39,563
84.587
Total . . . 208, U2
The surplus, amounting to Frcs. 300,244, which represents nearly 5(1 i»r cent, on the capital invested, was divided os follows:
Five per cent. Dividend on the capital of 750,000 . 37,j00
Special grant for a new hospital at Hongkong . 50,000
To the General Fund of the ilission . 2i8,81)..
This is surely a most remarkable record. Its chief force, how¬ ever, docs not lie in the financial c.xhihit. nor yet in the fact that the Committee’s original investment of 750,000 francs has in the course of these forty-four years grown hy its own earnings to a total of over six million and six hundred thousand francs, m Ee.al Estate and marketable securities; but it lies in the practical demoMtra- tmn which these enterprises have furnished, that under mtelligent direction and with comparatively little help, the native eonverts may be lifted from a position of helpless dependence to one where they are self-respecting and self-supporting coadjutors in the great work of spreading the Gospel and Christian civilization.
14
Tim WDVSTRIAL J//.V.S70.Y.S' MAOAZIJ^E.
iiiJiuatrtal UliaBiouB.
r. Kft, ISAKA SEME.
Every period of the world’s lii.story lias been clmracterized by some peculiar tendency, whicli stend out and dominated every other. We bear it often and again (hat the day of the pleading lawyer, of the spell-hinder is passed. Our.s is (he period of action and of great industrial awakening, territorial boundaries are no longer sacred
the earth belongs to its populations so long ns tliey make use of their share. Just as soon as people do not use what they claim as their own they lose it. Look at Africa— the struggle for the survival of the fittest was never more evident than it is at this time.
Those' who have in tlu-ir hearts the real interest for all humanity are those who help the weak and uncultured to qualify for this merciless test. Life is a stern reality. It is not enough to leave an ignorant heathen with a Bible and a hymn-book and tell him to look at the stars. The world is getting smaller under his feet. He should bo informed not only about the great glories of h<>aven, but also about the great priviligos of this life.
I believe in the industrial missions because they aim to train the heathen to face both life and death honestly and fearlessly. The hidustrial education, wisely organized, is indispensable to the mak¬ ing up of a well developed mission. I subscribe to this movement because it would give Mission Stations a progressive community and a high moral standard.
I wish it was in my power to give nij’ reader a picture of a regu¬ lar j\Iissiou Station, such as 1 liavc seen. Imagine, if j’ou can, a very antique hamlet; then think that all the members of it, only a few years before or perhaps months, for some of them, were wear¬ ing skins and running in a wild life. Xow they have bi-en advised to put on clothes — their children are taught liow to read a few botiks, the Bible, and to sing gospel hymns. They come to church several tunes a wwk ami enjoy a good gosiiel service. Some of tlicm very enrueslly come to pray for their salvation and they go
TUB IXUUBTltlAL MISSIOXS MAGAZINE. 15
av.ay rejoicing. So far good— but is this all they need to know? Is this all of life?
In this article, I cannot afford to be ungrateful for the work that has been done for my people by Christian missionaries and I can¬ not scorn or fail to appreciate the sacrifices of devoted men and women who support these in foreign fields, but I simply wish to point out the vastnoss of the mission problems and what in my mind would be their best solution. We taste the true missionary spirit only in proportion as we unselfishly help the weak to bear his own burden and regard his interests as if they were our own. When we look at the heathen world, it is not enough to think only of the souls: we must consider also the temple in which tliat soul must live and is developed.
Again, the heathen as he grows under our tutorship, unconscious¬ ly adopts our tastes and is gradually led into burdens like our own. The only difference being, that he is less and (you might say) ab¬ solutely unprepared to meet them. The dangers and temptations to which such a life is exposed are so evident that it would be use¬ less for me to try to point them out. The question in my mind is whether or not we have the remedy in our hand— if we have it, con we honestly withhold it and be free from blame since we initiated
the cause. . ^ rn. •
They must be taught how to bear the responsibilities of a Chris¬ tian home; how to make it beautiful and finally they must be taught service,— one to live for and by another, because this alone distinguishes man from the other animals.
Industrial training will fully settle this problem. It will give each one an idea which always has a market value, which all people want, and teach him how to produce it with advantage. Again such an education is an important influence in moulding the in¬ dustrial capacity of the people, so it would tend to make their labor more productive and work really attractive. This would at once make the iNfission Stations progressive CJhristian communities. They would he the lights to which the heathen around would flock
IG
THE INDUETltlAL MlHSlOyS MAGAZINE.
to get work and some of them would go back with tlie gospel in their hearts.
Lastlj', I believe in this movement because it would make Mis¬ sions iHM'manent and self-propagating. This hardly needs any ex¬ planation. Does any one believe that any individual or any group of individuals, so far advanced, could forget what he had been taught in the workshop and live again as one without such training? Of course not — the Mission Stations wouhl be pernjanent because they would l)e physically ns strong as the world around them. Their pure Christian tone would give them an elevation that would com¬ mand respect. They could l)e able not only to support the work at homo, but could be effectively encouraged to pass the work further on oven to tlioso who may yet be without the light.
.\RMKNI.\X GIRI.S MAUJXC l.A( i:. AIXTAU, Tl ltKKV.
THE J.\Dl'STRIAL MISSIONS MAGAZINE.
17
fflliat Hark Snga illljtnk of JnkuHtrial EJiuratinii.
Some missionaries in South Africa have found that weekly de¬ bates on given subjects interest their dusky scholars as nothing else does, and serve to bring out latent talent and cause the boys to think.
On a recent occasion the subject announced for a debate was as follows, “Resolved, That Industrial education is more important than Mental education.” Someone present made the following brief notes of a few of the arguments used.
One said, “If I know A, B, C, can I call myself much educated? No, that is but a step. We need also industrial education to make UP men. If you do not work, what man will you be? You may be a nothing. When I see the ground wet, I think of mealies. I love to see them growing. What is that? It is industrial education. It makes men.”
Another said, “To sail a ship to England must have mental edu¬ cation. To use the water wash (watch, i. e., compass) must have mental education.”
To this it is replied, “Mental can be of no use if there is no in¬ dustrial. There are books, but books cannot be written without in¬ dustrial education. Machines are made by those who learned in¬ dustrial education. I can thhik of many tilings that can be done, but without industrial education, wliat can be done? Teachers cannot teach before going to industrial men to build them houses. They can be glad in the day time, but in tlie night they will be sorry when they have no house. The noble people are those that work with their arms, and have learned the nobility that they have. I thought of this subject on the day it was jiut on the blackboard. I have been thinking of it every day. I have been thinking of it on the bench. You sec the bench all nicely painted. Can a mentally
18
THE I^U)UST}ilAL MISSWSS MAQAZll^E.
Gclucnted innn make n bench? lie can think of it, but he cannot make it until he has been industrially educated.”
Anotlier opinion is as follows; “Industrial education is supported by mental education. I think that noble man, Sir Isaac Hewton, first went to school. Those that made that clock up there, first they hove mental education. First by mental education they put one and two and three together. Mental education is more important, it cannot be taken away by the wind like sugar cane and things done by industrial education. It can go with a person. You can die with it.”
Ibis view was, however, stoutly challenged. “Industrial is more important. We need to be strong. Mental education is good for women. Men are made to work. All of you I see in Durban are carrying bundles. Is that mental education? Industrial education would make the world to be peace. Two or three years ago there was war. Those with mental education ran away. It was indus¬ trial education that sent them where they wanted to go. Industrial education did the work of fighting. Can’t fight when a coward. Mental sets down and looks at books only. All the world would be bad if mental education only. Wind is blowing outside. All is quiet here. Why? Industrial education did it. (Meaning that it \\as industrial education that built the house in which they were protected from the wind.) Man with industrial education would knock n weak man down. Mental education would not take you into Durban in a' day; industrial education would take you there in one hour and a half. Wlint are you going to do if you stay and do nothing? Industrial is better. Where does this industrial edu¬ cation come from? We had industrial education from God. Man \»'as sent of Kdon to till the field. In America the people are work¬ ing men. All our missionaries know how to work. Think before you stand up here and say ‘ilental education is better.’”
Our readers will agree that the swarthy little critics have some shrewd notions, and that some of the arguments in favor of indus¬ trial education are decidedly practical.
Tim IMiV.STUIAL MIHSIO^S MAGA'/ANE.
10
A i’nittli Amcriran Slnbustrial fHissimi.
In Cuzco, the eopitnl of the old Inca Empire in Peru, is a very interestinfj illustration of a useful industrial missionary work. In the year 1893, three missionaries from London went to Peru for the purpose of preaching evangelical truth to the people of that country, and after two years’ residence on the coast learning the language, they went up country and settled at Cuzco, with a view to making that their headquarters for evangelistic work. After a short residence, tlie persecution became bitter, and the authori¬ ties expelled them from the city. Their action was illegal, and the Supreme Government subsequently withdrew the expulsion and an apology was tendered. The following year, they again endeav¬ ored to settle at Cuzco, and for some months were able to organize and conduct schools, though preaching was not allowed. This, however, again occasioned great opposition, and the schools were suppressed by the authorities after they had been founded about seven months. The missionaries were not, however, to be dis¬ couraged, but made another attempt to settle in Cuzco, ostensibly as ordinary commercial people. They opened a photographic studio in 1898. and dealt in photographic supplies, stationery, and other articles that were in demand. The venture proved successful, and although they could do no public preaching, they could have quiet private meetings, distribute tracts, and speak to individuals about Spiritual things.
Erom 1898 to the present time, their business has been carried on successfully, and has developed into a large store. They have also opened a machine shop, a bakery, and a flour mill, and now employ a considerable staff. They have not only met all their own current expenses, so that donations are not needed, but out of the profits made, tliey have also improved their property by repairs, alterations, and additions, and have supported native evangelists and others for purely missionarj' work. Spiritually, the effort lias resulted in the formation of a small evangelical church of about
20
THE /.Y/>t'.S'77e/.lL .1//.S'.S70.Y.V MA(!\Zi:iE.
fifty monibc-TS. one of thc-in beiii-r n converted Dominican Friar, who will prol)ably be the first pastor of this native church.
The missionaries arc now, and have been, ever since they started tills industrial effort, wc-leome residents in the city, many of their supporters being the very priests and friars who were formerly enemies. Jlr. Peters, the senior missionary, was requested to allow liis name to be included in the Jlunicipal Council, and notwithstanding the fact that he was not naturalized, he was
I.AKCE I.ATIIF. IN THE C UZCO MISSION.
elected to (hat position, and soon afterwards, to the Board of Aldermen.
Jhi.s work shows the vahu* of missions (•slablished on coinraoreial and industrial principles. TIh-.v are W( leimip tt) the people of the district, and they are the means of supporting the missionaries without donations from the home hinds. What is to pr<*vent simi¬ lar wiirk in many cities of South America, and itnssibly of other countries^ Where are the ('liristian commercial laymen who will undertake similar self-supporting eommcreial missionary work
THE ISUVETldAL J//6’S70*VS MAOAZI^AE.
21
witli the same noble motives and for the same glorious results? The main object of tlie business is to gain the good-will of the people, proclaim the Gospel to them, and support the workers with¬ out remittances from the home land. No contributions are needed for the support and the enlargement of the work. This is a new method of missionary work, but a good one. It lias proved itself worthy of being firmly established by the investment of additional capital.
GROUP OF wooa WORKERS IN THE MACHINE SHOP.
Mr. Peters is now in the United States to secure $10,000 ad¬ ditional capital to le invested in a company incorporated under our laws, on which capital, 0 per cent, interest will be paid. Inasmuch as the business lias for several years past paid a largo jKTcentage on the capital invested, this may be looked upon ns a thoroughly sound investment. Any further particulars will he gladly forwarded on application to the Secretary of the Foreign ^Mission Industrial Association. H. W. F.
THE I^^DUSTItI.■\.L MISSIOJJS HAGAZIl^E.
JJrinijsrrtiui iif a |Jni|3nari5 (Snmtrry at <lll)uiti-0aii, <Cl)iaa
The Foreigii ^Missions Industrial Association is receiving appli¬ cations for the establishment of industrial enterprises with the object of tiplifting the people in many foreign lands. The follow¬ ing, which is printed in th© form in wliich it was i*cceivcfl, tliough not yet officially acted upon by th© Association, will serve to show the practical method proposed and the possibilities of success. Lack of money prevents tlie consideration of many such ajiplications. Tlie following conditions are submitted in consid¬ ering this enterprise.
I. Life and property at Ching*tao, within the German posses¬ sions, would bo as safe in case of war or insurrection, as anywhere.
II. Cherries, plums, apricots, grapes, quinces, pears, peaches, apples, and numerous small pitted fruits, suitable for jams and jellies, arc already grown in quantities in Shantung, and sell for one to two cents per quart United States gold.
Strawberries, blackberries and raspberries have been introduced, but are not grown to any extent, and will not be until a market is provided for them by a cannery. But all those small fruits, also vogetnblcs of all kinds, tomatoes, etc., may be grown in any quantity.
III. The foreign population— English, American. Froneli, Ger¬ man, etc., — living in the foreign concessions, coast and inland cities of Chinn. Korea, Japan. IVIanchurin, and the Philippines; also the numer<uis fleets of the world powers plying the waters of the Far East; furnish an excellent and ivndy market for canned goods of all di'serijitions.
W . Labor is exceedingly cheap — an experienced cook costs 2;> dollars Tnitixl States gohl per annum, and he finds himself.
V. Geo. S. Hays, formerly of the Presbyterian ilission at Clu- foo, China, who hasidready successfully introduced a great indus¬ try into Xorthern China — torchon lace — will give his whole time to stipcrintonding the details of the business. He knows the language. He has had actual experience on the ground in the canning busi¬ ness. and lias trained half a dozi-n men whose assistance could be
THE lyDl'STRIAL MISSIONS MAGAZINE.
23
obtained. During two seasons, he made a practical test of the pos¬ sibilities of the business. During the second season of the e-xperi- ment, two hundred dozen tins each, of a number of different kinds of jams and jellies, and two hundred dozen quarts each, of several kinds of fruit, were canned and marketed.
VI. From this test of the native fruit market in that portion of China, it is estimated that by contracting early with fruiterers in different neighborhoods for their output, sufficient fruit might be obtained the first year to make 400 dozen pound tins each of ten different kinds of jams and jellies; and 500 dozen each, of four dif¬ ferent kinds of canned and preserved fruits. These fruits begin with the early cherries in May, and continue throughout the sum¬ mer, autumn and early winter. By the time the late jellies, the sauces and tomatoes, were finished in early winter, the oranges would be in the market, and the work be continued with orange marmalade.
VII. Any quantity of tomatoes, peas, corn, etc., could be ob¬ tained by contracting with parties for their output, sufficiently early.
VIII. By the second year, strawberries, especially, also black¬ berries and raspberries, could be obtained by contracting for them, or leasing tracts of land for a term of years and growing them.
IX. The cheapest jams sell in the far east for two dollars and fifty cents, Mexican, per dozen pound tins. Crosse and Blackwell’s jams and jellies are more expensive.
X. Industrial jams and jellies could be put up for fifty to eighty cents. Jlexiean, per dozen pound tins. This estimate includes cost of fruit, sugar.' tin. solder, fuel, labels and freight. Cost of labor is placed under a different heading. The company should average one dollar and forty cents clear profit on every dozen tins of jam and jelly, the jam selling at the wholesale price of two dollars per dozen tins. Thus on the season’s work or four thousand dozen tins ot jams and jellies — estimated profit — $5600.00 or wholesale value of the first year’s output. $8000.00.
24
THE INDUSTRIAL MISSIONS MAGAZINE.
XI. “Canned fruits” — cherries, peaches, and Bartlett pears, etc., would cost from one dollar to one dollar and eighty cents, ilexi* can, per dozen quarts, or say average one dollar and fifty cents — this estimate includes cost of fruit, tin, solder, sugar, labels, fuel, and freight. These would sell for three dollars and fifty cents, Mexican, wholesale — estimated clear profit on 2000 dozen quarts canned fruit $4000.00, or wholesale value of first year’s output, $7000.00.
XII. Canned tomatoes could be put on the market for less than one dollar, Mexican, per dozen quarts, and sell wholesale for two dollars, Mexican, per dozen quarts. Clear profit on 1000 dozen quarts, $1000.00, or wholesale value of first year’s output, $2000.00.
XIII. Orange marmalade is always in great demand. Oranges are shipped from the south by steamer in great quantity, and are very cheap. Almost any supply might be obtained. Orange mar¬ malade would be the most profitable item on the whole list. Esti¬ mated cost, including fruit, tin, solder, fuel, etc., fifty cents per dozen tins. Wholesale price, $2.00 per dozen. Estimated profit on 4000 dozen tins $0000.00, or wholesale value of the first year’s out¬ put, $S000.00.
XIV. Numerous other products, on which it is impossible to make any estimate, might be handled; such as catsups. Chilli, pickles, sauces, and camliod peel. English walnuts and black pep¬ per are grown in abundance by the natives. Walnut catsup, to¬ mato catsup, and pepper sauce could be bottled. Vinegar could be mode from native grapes.
Condensed statement of estimated income for the first year;
Jams and Jellies . 4000 doz. tins, worth $8000. Clear $5600
Canned Fruits . 2000 doz. qts., worth $7000. Clear $4000
Tomatoes . 1000 doz. qts., worth $2000. Clear $1000
Orange Marmalade _ 4000 doz. tins, worth $8000. Clear $0000
Totals . $25,000. $10,000
THE IXIH STRIAL MISSIONS MAGAZINE.
25
2&ttorial.
There are certain principles on which this Association is fovinded which some of our friends do not readily grasp. We feel it is de¬ sirable to emphasize them still further, for there are fresh minds continually being drawn to consider the importance of Industrial efl’ort which get the wrong impression, namely, that we propose to do a work which the various Missionary Boards are doing or ought to do. This is entirely a mistake. We are attempting to augment the operations of the Boards in a manner which is quite beyond their scope.
There is a great difference between “Industrial Training," and what we, for the sake of distinction will call “Supporting Industrial Work‘d The former is the proper sphere of the various Missionary Boards at their respective stations, and our Association does not propose to take this up in any manner on its own account. The latter is entirely supplemental to the former. The latter only com¬ mences where the former leaves off. “Industrial Training" would in many eases be useless, unless there were some “Self-supporting Industrial IVorA-" to which those who have finished their industrial training could transfer their services. There comes a time when training must cease, and self-supporting work, which will find the trained hand permanent employment, must commence. The Boanls will see to the training, but our object is to take the ilission ad¬ herents when they ore trained, and give them the opportunity of earning a permanent livelihood by the exercise of their craft, and thus enable them to become self-supporting members of the Chris¬ tian community.
“Industrial Training” can perhaps never, or very rarely, be really self-supporting, and must to some extent be dependent on Govern¬ ment grants, or grants from the Boards, or upon donations from friends of Missions; but it is the special aim of this Association to make any industries they may initiate, self-supporting and able to pay dividends from the start. While, therefore. “Industrial
2G
TUE INDUSTRIAL MISSIONS MAGAZINE.
Training” must be more or less dependent on gifts, the “Self-sup¬ porting Industrial Work” we are founding, should be dependent on Capital only, for the use of which it should pay a reasonable return.
, , , . . H.W.F.
We have received an enquiry as to whether Commerce in general has received any benefit from Christian Missions established in foreign countries. There may be others who would like to know how far this is the case, and for their information we draw atten¬ tion to this question.
If we consider the history of the opening up of China, Africa, Lidia, Burma, Syria and other missionary fields, who were the original pioneers? Is it not a fact that missionaries have laid the foundations of a civilization from which the Commerce of the whole world has received immense advantages? Is it not also the case that in this country many of the native Indian tribes have, by means of Christian Slissions, been raised from savagery to such a state of civilization that they are now useful members of the com¬ munity?
“Trade follows tlie Hag,” but how frequently in the course of the last century has it been true, that “the flag has followed the mis¬ sionary,” and when trade and flag have arrived at the Missionary Station, they have generally found the nucleus of a new purchasing commercial community ready to become buyers or sellers or both. Who reduced the language and educated the people in such knowl¬ edge as is essential to the conduct of any Commerce?
There can be no question that Commerce is deeply indebted to missionary effort, but there is another side to the question, namely, that missionary eflfort is. humanly speaking, equally indebted to Commerce. Laws, treaties, facilities of communication, w’hich arc directly framed and organized for the benefit of Commerce, have betm and always will continue to be, of the utmost value to the mis¬ sionary. In many other ways upright Commerce, and high-minded commercial men, must l>e the missionary’s most valuable allies.
THU INDUUTUIAL MISSIONS 3IAQAXINU. 2i
A^ain, the influence of Missions promotes Commerce by pro- jnotrng honesty, and the principles of truth and j'ustice among^ barbarous peoples, as well as by creating a demand for the conveni¬ ences and comforts of civilisation; but evil Commerce is an enerny just as detrimental to true Commerce as it is to the spread of the Gospel.
Livingston stated most definitely that if ever Africa was to be won by the Gospel, industries must go there hand in hand with evangelization. This truth was strongly emphasized and amply proved by MacKay of Uganda, and by many others who have fol¬ lowed in his footsteps. , j j •
It will be a grand event for commerce on the one hand, and mis¬ sionary etfort on the other, when they make a hearty alliance, and support one another in a united endeavor to spread the Gospel ot Jesus Christ, the greatest of all civilizers, and the best possible means of increasing the range of commercial opportunities,
throughout the world. .
But in alliance with the Gospel, Commerce will have to free it¬ self from some of its objectionable features, and in so doing will render itself more profitable. What can be more shortsight^ than the importation into many a community, newly introduced to the possibilities of Commerce, of cheap rum, that effective instrument ill the degradation of mankind? Imagine a population of, say, ten thousand souls, lately reached by missionaries with the Gospel in the one hand, and good and righteous industries m the other ihey will be shown the advantages of industry, of thrift, and the eon- veiiiciices of suitable clothes, buildings, furniture, machinery, im¬ plements and other articles. A pure life on Gospel lines will soon riiise them into a valuable mercantile community, and their scale of imports and exports will rapidly increase, and extend over large areas in the interior. If the Gospel and pure Commerce are left alone what great advantage both are likely to receive! But let cheap rum come in. and for every dollar spent in purchasing it and ill degrading the purchasers, how many dollars directly and indi-
28
77//; IXDVSTRIAL J//.8.V/0.V.S' MAGAZINE.
rcetl.v nv(^ lost to Conuncrce? Commerce in clieap rum. {tuns and Ollier similar articles, is a most effective way to check and destroy the true intei’csts of commerce and civilization; whereas tlic Gos¬ pel, and the civilization order and safety it entiiils, is tln" host friend of rigrhteous commerce. IT. W. F.
* # # * *
We would call special attention to the article by ^fr. Seine, not only boeanse what is written is from personal experience, but also in view of the interestinif per.sonality of the writer. l\Ir. Seme was born at the Inanda ^Mission Station, Natal. South Africa, and is a member of a prominent Zulu family. At present he is in New ork, studying: at Columbia Thiiversity, with the purpose, as ex¬ pressed in his own words, “that I may be able to take an effective jinrt amoii};: tliose who try to solve the problems of m.y country¬ men. ’ Mr. Seme expects to take his final course in Eiifrland at Oxford University, and amons: the friends who will watch his career with interest will be many interestwl in the Forcipru 'Mis¬ sions ludustria) Association. F. M. G.
* * » # *
On anollu'r page will bo found n prospectus of a canning es¬ tablishment in China, practically in the form in which it has been submittwl. Those who are interested in this new indus¬ trial enterprise will be glad to know that sevci’al exeidlent pro¬ posals of a similar nature have been submitted, and when these have been definitely dealt with, others will no doubt be std)- mitted. The opportunity for the organization of paying commer¬ cial enterprises in various foreign fields, which shall contribute in large measur<- to the success of th«“ work of missionaries is very great, and will require large sums of money for investment in such of these, ns the Directors of this Association consider most advisable. F. JI. G.
Tiiii: isDi tiTRiAh MiRiiloys mag.\./a:^e.
20
JJntrs.
A Missioiinry of tlie Mctliodist Episcopnl Clmi-cli in Africa, writes in reference to Iinlustrial Work:
We are dealing with a people primitive and undeveloped.
Christianity increases the wants and needs of men. Better liouses, better food. lM?ttcr clothing, furniture, hooks, teachers, and inaiiy other things are at once in demand. How are they to secure these conveniences?
If there is any race that has made its way up from primitive con¬ ditions to a developed form of civilization, however simple, with¬ out work, I have yet to hear of it. "In the sweat of thy hrow thou shalt eat broad,” is an incxnrnblo law tliot individuals and people liave found written in indelible characters on our human environ¬ ment. If we give any momhers of this race an idea that they are an exception to this law. we do them wrong. Wo seek at this Mis¬ sion (o forestall tlie growth of any idea that work and learning or culture are contrary the one to the other. Hence we make it a rule that every l oy received must work a half of each week day. and the motto and order which we follow at present, is work, study, play. vSome hoys had the idea on coining to the ilission that they were through with work, hut a little talk on the subject, with an ultimatum to reform their ideas, soon cured them,
« * * * «
Jlany orphans and blind widows in Sirur, India, are being trained to earn their own living making rope and braiding matting from the aloe fibre.
In speaking of this indusliT a recent government report says: "We probably have here the germs of a great industry for the Dec- can, similar to that which is already furnishing employment to so many at Rahuri.” The report also states that the Mexican aloe, specially imported from Mexico by Mr. Winsor, seems to grow well
30
THE INDUSTRIAL MISSIONS MAQA’AINE.
in Tiitlia nnd is much more silky than the Indian aloe, to which it is evidently “superior,” so that the outlook for tins new industry is very oliecring, for the demand for aloe goods, both in India an»I Europe, is n large nnd gmwing one. — “Helping Hand.”
* » * » *
Extracts from an address by Rev. Geo. A. Eord, of Sidon :
In Industrial ilissions we reach the fourth stage of the evolution of Missionary work. This evolution, like the scientific, has had to fujhi ils iray into life and favor. The pioneers have been on the one hand the hostile sceptics, and on the other the obscure ilission- avies.
The Missionary evolution has been:
(1) Simple Evangelism, or the Gospel for the heart.
(2) Educational Evangelism, or the Gospel for the head.
(3) Medical Missions, or the Gospel for the diseased body.
(4) Industrial Missions, or the Gospel for the sound body.
Industrial Missions conspicuously win the confidence and co-op*
oration of the nnevangelized in a most honorable and useful way, and thus prepare their hearts for evangelistic appeals. A prestige is gained by the Mission or individual that introduces and carries on this hranch of work which is of no small value in securing the results at which nil evangelists aim. The poi>ulnr demand for in¬ dustrial etlucation is very loud, and growing rapidly louder, and he who heeds it and seeks to supply it, gains over the masses an in- thience for good that may not be despised.
Indusfvial
MssiO)^s
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1905 FEBRUARY
I ONE PENNY I
Tt\G . . .
1 adust rla I y v
Missionary y V l^ecord
THE
Industrial Missions Aid Society,
Registered Office:
84 GREAT PORTLAND STREET, LONDON, W.
3Foitnd£ri> :
Mr. H. W. FRY. The Late Mr. F. W. CROSSLEY.
girccloro:
Sir Brampton Gurdon, M.P. Mr. John Corv, J.P., D.L. Mr. R. Caldwell, F.R.G.S.
Dr. Eugene Cronin, M.D. Rev. John Johnston.
Mr. Wm. E. Bacon.
®n!BlcC8 for gcbenturc ^olfters:
The Trustees Executors and Securities Insurance Corporation, Ltd.
treasurer :
Mr. Alfred Fowrll Buxton.
OBJECTS.
THEINDUSTRIAL MISSIONS AIDSOCIETY was establish¬ ed for the purpose of developing the industrial element in Missionary operations by associating, where practic¬ able, agricultural and other industries with the ordinary work of Foreign Missions, financially separate, but linked in close fellowsliip.
Many advantages are gained by such a coiiibination of Spiritual and Industrial Work, but the main objects the Industrial Missions Aid Society has in view are the following: —
TO PROVIDE EMPLOYMENT FOR NATIVE
CHRISTIANS AND FAMINE ORPHANS.
TO INCREASE THE FUNDS AVAILABLE FOR
MISSIONARY PURPOSES.
rrr
CONSTITUTION.
The Society is registered under the non-profit clauses of the Companies’ Acts. Its constitution expressly p^o^^des
that the income and property of the Association, whencesoever derived, shall, after payment of inter¬ est to Investors, be applied solely towards the promotion of Its objects, as set forth in the ftemo- randum of Association. This precludes any Member of the Society from beuefitiug financially from its operations.
maustriai
iDisslonarp Rccora.
A MAGAZINE ISSUED BY
XEbe 3^n5u0ti1al /IDissions Bib Society
No. 2$. FEBRUARY, 1905. One Penny.
IPapera on prater.
(3.) Zbe Secret ot ©repaiUng ©raser.
By one op the Directors.
■yF we can g’ather from the Word of God (§ the conditions of prevailing" prayer, we shall understand at the same time the ^ reason why so many prayers remain un¬ answered. To collate carefully all the passag;es in the Old and the New Testaments which lay down the lines along" which Gob is pleased to answer prayer, or which tell of the hindrances that prevent answers being given, would be a task of considerable diffi¬ culty. It seems to us that there is one main pivotal point around which all true prayer revolves, and which, if duly attended to, will fulfil all the stipulated conditions of successful prayer. This point we will dwell upon presently.
I. — First let us consider some of the recognised conditions of prevailing prayer, (a) Towards God.
He that cometh to God must believe that He is, and that He is the rewarder of those that diligently seek Him. Without faith it is impossible to please God, and unless we do those things that are pleasing in His sight He will not hear our cry. There must be no controversy between us and God. God is froward to the froward, but to the obedient He lends His ear.
We must keep His commandments and walk together in agreement. It we listen to
2
God's voice He will not turn His ear away when we cry to Him. If we delig'ht ourselves in God, He will delig-ht Himself in us. He will g^ive us the desire of our heart, and that will be Himself ; and with Himself He will give us all things. If other things fill our hearts, as idols, or if we regard iniquity in our heart — look upon it with favour — God will not hear.
We must ask according to God's will. Every true prayer must be circumscribed by “Not my will, but Thine be done.” God’s infinite wisdom cannot be subjected to human whims.
We must pray in truth. Unless there be absolute sincerity in our prayers they cannot prevail with God. How frequently do men ask from God things they do not really desire— things they do not really expect God to give— things for which they do not really depend upon God. Much that is called prayer is in reality profanity. We bow our knees before God and mock Him. Our faith does not lay hold of the answer. We have not an unwavering expectation of receiving that which we have asked God to give. True faith goes even beyond expecting, and reckons as already ours, the things asked for. “ What things soever ye desire when ye pray, believe that ye have received them, and ye shall have them."
We must pray expectantly. Prayers that are soon forgotten, and to which we hardly, if at all, hope for an answer, cannot prevail. We should pray as we love, with all our heart, with intensity of desire. We should pray with thanksgiving— God is often grieved by our ingratitude. If we do not take the trouble to say to God, “I thank you,” need we wonder that our prayers so often do not prevail ?
To pray successfully we must belong to the class to which God has made promises, else we have no right to plead them, or to expect their fulfilment. The promises of God must not be applied indiscriminately, (b) Towd r-(fs ]esvs Christ.
If we would pray successfully we must believe m Jesus as the Son of God. Read carefully i John v. 13-15. We must abide in Christ, and His words must abide in us. .Abiding in Christ, our prayers will be the
3
outcome of the Christ life, and must prevail Having no independent life of our own, we leave all our welfare absolutely in the hands of God. From Union flows Communion, and Communion is prevailing prayer !
We must pray in Christ's Name. What is it to pray in the Name of Christ? It is not merely to tack on His Name to the end of our prayers, but we are to come as Christ Himself would come, and in the Name of the Christ ask from the Father things that are never denied to the Son. If our faith can take that attitude, there is surely nothing in heaven or in earth consistent with the honour of God which we cannot obtain. “Hitherto ye have asked nothing in My Name.” “In that day ye shall ask in My Name” — “and whatsoever ye shall ask of the Father in My Name He will do it.” So speaks the Christ to his followers. There¬ fore in our prayers we can go to God our Father as if Jesus Christ Himself were going, and we can ask as if Jesus Christ Himself were asking, and God will never say us nay.
(c) Towards one another.
God deals with us on the basis of forgive¬ ness. Having for His Son’s sake forgiven us, for His Son’s sake He hears our prayers. If we harbour any grudge against another, God will not answer our prayer. The Lord Jesus makes this very plain, and herein lies the secret of many unanswered prayers.
One recently wrote seeking some explana¬ tion why his prayers for the success of God’s cause did not seem to be answered. He added, “Do not reply by saying ‘God is testing your faith.’ I am tired of hearing tJiat." No, God was not testing his faith. He often has to wait for our obedience. Probably the true reason why the prayers of some remain unanswered is to be found in I Peter iii. 7.
2. — Praying in the Holy Ghost — the sine qua non of all true prayer.
There can be no true prayer that is not born of the Spirit of God. We venture to affirm that no prayer is heard of God or answered, unless it be a prayer Spirit- breathed, whether the suppliant be what is conventionally known as “a Sinner” or “a
4
Saint. This assertion may seem startling", but if we carefully consider the facts, we think the statement can be fully substantiated. May we put the matter thus Does Sniner" ever pray in the true sense of the word? Is one who truly prays unto God any longer a sinner? Is not the very act of prayer in a sin-convicted soul a work of the Holy Ghost? Has not such a soul already risen up from hatred of his sin and turned his face towards God? Is not such a turning", to say the least, the first stage of conversion ? Has not regeneration already begun in the soul that truly loathes its sin and seeks salvation ?
Right glad of heart was the Lord Jesus when He was able to say to Ananias of Damascus, concerning the stout-hearted rebel, Saul of 1 arsus, “ Behold he prayeth.” One would not say that Saul was actually saved at that moment, but we do venture to affirm that his prayer was begotten witliin by the Spirit ok God. Take again the case of Cornelius. His prayers were heard though he was not yet saved (Acts xi. 14) ; but his prayers, too, were assuredly born of the Spirit.
This, then, seems to us to be the irredu¬ cible minimum of the secret of prevailing prayer, viz., that any prayer to prevail with God must be a prayer born of the Holy Ghost. Such a prayer fulfils all the condi¬ tions of prevailing prayer. It is a prayer “according to God’s will,” Rom. vii. 26 and 27. When our prayers are SpiRir-breathed, when tlie Spirit who knows the mind of God, makes intercession for us according to the ill of God, His praying through us, must ever prevail. It is a prayer “ in sincerity and in truth.” It is a prayer “offered up with the whole heart,” with an intensity of desire that assures an answer. It is a believing prayer, for the Spirit of God knows what is in the mind of God. It is a persevering prayer, watching for the answer.
It is a prayer that honours Jesus Christ, for it is the Spirit’s special desire to bring glory to The \ame. In fact, to “ prav in the Hol^ Ghost” seems to embrace the whole circle of conditions of prevailing prayer, and such praying must be answered, and only such can be.
Stavving Momcn an^ Cbilbrcn.
From Miss B. Xtiom. Delhi.
Y THANK you for disposing’ of our lace. ^ It is a Mohammedan industry really ; and in old days every married woman made her husband’s and sons’ summer coats of this lace, but for years past machine made lace from England has been so cheap, and the men can go and select patterns at the shops, so women have almost ceased to make it.
In the famine of 1897, married women suffered terribly ; thousands were deserted ; and we tried to revive this work for their sakes and on behalf of our many orphans. A Purdah lady who is a believer, helped us largely by designing patterns, and giving* work on our account to starving Moham¬ medan ladies whom we could not reach. With our first stock of £10 worth I went where English people congregate, and they bought most of it. Many of the ladies offered to send parcels elsewhere, which they did. In the meantime a young Christian widow who could do this lace work very well taught the art to some of the famine orphans, who have continued to make it for their livelihood. One of these who made the large mats exceed¬ ingly well left me for the “ Father’s house” a fortnight ago. Separated from her family as so many were during the famine, she was sent to us with an infant girl. She early learnt to trust the Lord, and became a helper of others as a nurse, filling in spare time with lace work. The faith of these unlearned folk is very true and simple, and after a weary illness she was glad to go home, leaving her little girl of seven years (Chambali) to our care for His sake.
We rarely give work to Mohammedans now that there is no stress of famine. We have had good harvests, and the recent rain has prepared the ground for the next harvest.
For the spiritual sowing and reaping, the labourers are far too few, good selfless women are sorely needed for the countrj' districts.
6
floqafions’ ^ ^uCsdjiptioqs.
^ I Directors earnestly appeal for funds for the inauguration of new industries and for the dcvelopement of those already established. The field of the Society's operations is world-wide, and there is no limit to the possibilities of its usefulness other than the lack of financial suppport. The aim of the Direct¬ ors is to make ihe whole of the work carried on by the Society self-supporting as soon as possible, but from the very nature of the enterprises in which they are engaged they cannot hope to do this without laying a solid foundation.
Recently the Directors have made very considerable changes in the office staff, with a view to curtailing expenses both in the Mission Field and at Home; but it will be admitted that no Society can be worked successfully without some expense being incurred. The Directors, therefore, appeal to all friends to give this matter their serious consideration, and see whether it would not be possible for many who now only help in a casual way, to become regular annual subscribers. If this were done the Directors would know how far it was in their power to extend the work of the Society, and to render to needy workers the help which they are so often asked to give.
HOW MUCH OUGHT 1 TO GIVE?
“ Give as you would if an angel Awaited your gift at the door ;
Give as you would if to-morrow Found you where giving was o’er ;
Give as you would to the Master
If YOU met His heart-searching look;
Give as you would of your substance,
If //is hand the offering took."
7
TKUho Will Ibclp to flJrovibc these •fl-lechs ?
Extracts from Bistiop Peel's Letters.
fUR next wants will be a workshop for Carpenters, as the C.M.S. building is now too crowded. Over the shop 5, we shall need rooms for Mr. Harri¬ son. The building will beofl.M.A.S. bricks and tiles.
Mr. Harrison is keeping the accounts very clearly. I went through all the other day. The outgoings for Cotton have been heavy, but will have to be set against several years’ produce, as the initial clearing is non-recur¬ ring. Planting, cleaning ground of weeds and grass, and picking will go on.
The Brick-field has swallowed money too, but the initial outlay will go against yearly working.
Carpentering ought to stand at profit in the second year.
We MUST get the I.M.A.S. a strong foot¬ ing in Nairobi. Drain pipes, floor and roof tiles are urgently needed there.
Feeling that you will back us up, I shall establish I.M.A.S. in or near Nairobi, if the clay we are now after prove really good.
We shall work at bricks, tiles, pipes, pottery, cotton, carpentr)', rope and coir, copra and agriculture.
Hasten to give us a man "'ell skilled in clay work and in burning. Ifhe know pottery all the better, but we can manage to a good ex¬ tent in this line if only we have one who knows how to burn bricks, pots and clay generally in a proper way. May God give us the man quickly, for 1 realise how critical the position is. The demand now so real must be met. It is expected by the public that the 1.M..A.S. is ready to meet it. If we have success at Nairobi we shall need a third European, but more of this when money be¬ gins to come in for Cotton and Buildings.
8
ITlrOcnt Call to Bbvance in 3n^^a.
*7r BOUT the middle of November the Directors thoug'ht it advisable to
/(‘tl. ask their Depot Superintendent, Mr. 4/.'® Joseph Starling, to visit India in the interests of the Society.
Ea.rlv Efforts.
In the early days of the Society its opera¬ tions were confined to India, and much pioneering; work had to be done. It has always been a difficult problem to know how best to help Indian converts — who more than Christian converts in any other part of the world require to be helped because of the prejudicial caste laws that regulate society in that great dependency of the British Empire.
From time to time various kinds of work were opened up by the I.M.A.S., and ex¬ perience gained. Some of those early efforts were of a temporary nature, and having served their time and purpose had naturally to be discontinued. Other efforts were much more pretentious, some of which howe\’er did not succeed so well as the then Directors of the Society had reason to anticipate. Others pro^•ed very serviceable in various parts of the Indian field, while some are be¬ ing still continued with success and en¬ couragement.
Kresh Openlners.
.■\t the present time many and important fresh openings are presenting themselves which the Directors would be glad to avail themselves of if they had at their disposal funds sufficient to justify extension.
Since arriving at Bombay, .Mr. Starling has sent home weekly reports of what he has seen of the need of such help as this Society is expected to give, and of the openings that have been met with in the various parts visited by him. These needs and openings make it incumbent upon the Directors to issue an appeal to the Christian public at large, so that the Society may be put into such a position as will make it possible for the Directors to enter in and take possession.
9
There are many spheres in which the Society’s help would prove a real boon to all who are seeking to evangelise the millions of our great Indian Empire.
Attme<ltia.era.r Factory.
Many friends of the Society are perhaps more immediately interested in the Society’s ■carpet weaving factory at Ahmednagar. On the work there several thousands of pounds have already been spent in bringing the factory to its present state of efficiency. All such friends will be glad to know that in a letter dated Bombay, January 6th, 1905, Mr. Starung was able to send home a most encouraging report concerning Ahmednagar. From this it appears that, after years of •discouragement, the factory has been able at last to turn out monthly such a supply of manufactured carpets and rugs (all made by native Christians) as will make it possible for the work to become not only self-support¬ ing, but also will enable the Directors to pay a reasonable dividend on the money invested.
The Directors feel that those interested in the work of the Society in past years will be glad to know these facts, and to learn that brighter days for the work in India have at length begun to dawn.
Sha.U wc ero forward?
Mr. Starling’s reports touch upon other matters of a most encouraging nature con¬ cerning which it would not be wise at the present stage to write in detail. This much, however, may be said, that if the Directors are to make the best use of the outcome of this visit to India, and avail themselves of the offers that have been made to the Society, the sum of ;^2000 will be immediately re¬ quired. For this amount, either by way of loan or in the form of gifts, the Directors do not hesitate to make an urgent appeal. Con¬ fident that those who have helped the Society in the days of its early struggles will not fail to help it now as it seeks to pass into a sphereof still greater usefulness, the Directors make these needs known. The circumstances are unique. The time is urgent. Who will help?
10
®iir 2.oll^on Depot.
By Miss WooUa.r<l.
IT was not easy to give thanks, when in the height of the London season our bright anticipations of many visitors and '•7' many purchasers were shattered by the ominous notice, “ No thoroughfare,” and for weeks Great Portland Street was handed over to the road repairers. No carriage or vehicle of any kind could come near us-; we were barricaded in by a temporary wall of black bricks, and the atmosphere was heavy with dust and the odour of tar.
But “ Omnipotence hath servants every¬ where,” and if Great Portland Street was closed the Post Office was open ; and away in some provincial town or beautiful country home the suggestion was made to hearts, sensitive and responsive to the Master’s voice, tliat the “ Industrial Missions Aid Society' could meet the need of articles for a local Bazaar or Missionary Sale of work, and double help would thereby be rendered. Thus things were kept moving in a small way.
Since then. Exhibitions and Sales have been held at Tunbridge Wells, Maidstone, Guildford and Horsham with encouraging success. We are indebted to Dr. Townsend, Rev. E. H. Hardcastle, Bishop Ingham, and Mrs. Maudslay' for opening these ; also to all who ga\'e their interest, influence, time and money.
Our Christmas sales were disappointing, probably owing to the heavy fog which en¬ veloped London for days, and made shopping expeditions almost impossible.
Whence the Goods Come.
Surely it is no small thing to teach the natives of India, China and .Africa the true value and dignity of labour, to give them in¬ struction which shall enable them to provide things honest in the sight of all, and to con¬ tribute, according to their ability, to the upbuilding of a healthy, industrious Christian comnmnitv.
Many of the initial difficulties are gradually being overcome. The supplies are more regular, and the work more varied. The workers have been encouraged to use better
material, and have become more competent. But we need orders, that we may more quick¬ ly dispose of what is sent to us, and send out permission to the workers to keep steadily producing;.
An Appeal to Yow Personally.
Have not most of us felt exhilaration by work, in days of streng;th ? Have not most of us, at some time in our life, been face^ to face with a great sorrow, a huge disappoint¬ ment, which would have well nigh overwhelmed us but for the "work which keeps faith sweet and strong ” ?
With the memory of these experiences still upon us, can we not do something for those whose energies are wasting, whose abilities lie undeveloped, and whose griefs are intensi¬ fied by enforced idleness, dependence, and extreme poverty ?
May we look to you, dear reader, to help us that we may help otliers to become an in¬ dustrious self-supporting Christian com¬ munity ?
Eybibitton aiib Sale at (Blasgow.
®N Friday, December i6th,an "Exhibition and Sale” was held in Kelvinside, Glas¬ gow. Mrs. Anderson kindly lent her beautiful home "Red Hall” for this purpose, and spared neither trouble nor expense to make it successful. The chair was taken by the Rev. Mr. Bainbridge, who in a few well chosen, earnest words, com¬ mended Industrial Mission work to the sympathetic interest of those present. He then introduced some M issionaries, who spoke from their personal experience of the need for Industrial Missions in India and China; and told how the necessity had driven them to start work for the native Christians. The Sale was opened by the Hon. Mrs. C. J. Burns, who was accompanied by her little son.
In spite of the weather which was most unfavourable, many responded to the invita¬ tions which had been issued, and purchased generously from the various stalls.
12
We trust that the efforts so kindly made by our friends in Glasgow will lead to an increased and sustained interest in this branch of the Lord’s work.
Our Representative in Scotland,
Miss MacKenzie. 6, Roxburgh Street, Hill- head, Glasgow, will be pleased to answer any enquiries, to receive donations, to show specimens, and to dispose of the articles made by native Christians.
Mori? at flftoinbnsa.
(a-) By Mr. E. J. Harrison, Frere Town..
“"|^\'ERY day we are more and more IK strengthened in the belief that our particular system of Missionary work "i-'.; is one which is being, and will be, greatly blessed by God, to the strength¬ ening and building up of Converts and the conversion of precious souls to His own honour and glory. The people appreciate our efforts and it is a great joy to be able to help them and to speak with them of the things pertaining to life everlasting.
1 note the date of your Monthly Prayer Meeting and shall be with you in spirit as you wait upon the Lord our God.”
" Bishop Peel has been here, Rikuyu, since Monday, and we have had the opportunity of talking over many things ; among others, the matter of work here or near Nairobi. We have been urged by almost all theGovernment officials to start here. Sir Charles Eliot left it with us as the best advice he could give. There is a great demand for roof tiles especially, and flower pots could be sold by the thousand 1 believe, if we could make them here so as to save the heavy freight. Only ten minutes ago one of my men came back from the .Africa Inland Mission at Thum- bigwa, where 1 had sent him for a sample of clay. He has brought it, and so far as I can see it it is just what we want. To-morrow the Bishop will take it down to Mombasa to try it, and 1 shall (d.v.) go over on Saturday to inspect the field of clay. It is within eight miles of Nairobi, and I am assured that the friends there will welcome us and help us in all ways possible.
13
Bishop Peel is delig-hted with this find, and it seems to us that here, as everywhere, we are being- wonderfully led.’’
“We are g^etting on as well as can be ex¬ pected with the work. The people, of course, want quite a lot of coaxingand humouring, but I believe good is being done with them. The native teacher here is very pleased at the largely increased attendance at his morning service, and 1 believe his faithful witness for the Master will in due time have its reward.
I am afraid that it will take me some con¬ siderable time to master Ki-Kikuyusufficiently to speak to the people of the things pertain¬ ing to Life Eternal, but 1 pray that our methods and our lives may appeal to them, even if we cannot speak. Of course they are terribly ignorant and superstitious. In speak¬ ing to one only to-day, he told me in broken Ki-Suahili that not a quarter of the people round here have yet heard of Christ. I pray that the Lord will open the way, if it be His will that we may do our part in the evangelisation of this portion of -Africa.'*
* *■ *
“ I am glad to report that the work at Ki¬ kuyu is progressing favourably in all ways. The people are much impressed by the simple teaching of Bible truths by their native teacher Enoch. It is a matter of earnest and constant prayer with us that great showers of blessing may fall upon us and upon this people, even while we are with them, that many may see the Saviour as their very own, and may live to serve Him.
The house is progres.sing very well. The people are working much better now that they know the wickedness of idling. I have had to put it to them many times, that they would not think of stealing anything from me (that is as they understand .stealing); and 1 have explained that by idling, they are just as truly stealing as if they took my tools or my money.
It is, I know, a terribly hard lesson for them to learn, but I believe they are grasping the fact, and I am thankful for this beginning among these wild Wa-Kikuyu. 1 do pray that the work begun will be carried along and that the hold we have been enabled to give
the Missionary in charge over one hundred men, will be maintained. I always find them glad to listen when I can get one to whom I can talk in Swahili of the love of Christ; but oh, so few of them know an3’thing at all of His great love, but they listen at- tentivel)- as the one tells the other of what I say. ^ God grant a great ingathering of precious souls soon, here in this place."
* * *
“ I believe that our F.^ther intends Frere Town Industrial work to be one of the great means for the salvation of many souls and for the extension of His Kingdom in the districts around ; for if our work is of God, as we believe, those whom we train and whom God will give us, will be earnest workers for Him¬ self, and wherever they go will testify for Him.
(b) By the Ri^ht Rev. Bishop Peel.
Mr. HARRISON is now engaged in building the house in Kikuyu. Mr. Minshali. is at headquarters, Frere Town, busy with bricks and tiles. He has tens of thousands of the former ready for burning, but is waiting for some fine weather. Rain, on the coast, has been extraordinary this year. They say that for thirty years there has not been such a season.
The Cotton fields are looking well and promise a good yield. May God prosper the crop ! His blessing is needed in everything.
I hope to make the technical school strong¬ er soon.^ One gentleman. Judge C.\tor, is kindly giving Rs. 50 per annum to support a boy while /ctiniw^ his trade. Others will, I trust, follow suit.”
* * *
“Government has now given us the permit to work the 1,280 acres in Dabuia, near V’oi. The land is rich and water abundant. I am m.aking enquiries about the best crops for the elevation, between 4,000 and 5,000 ft.”
■s
Industrial Missions Aid Society.
Contributions received during the Half-Year ending December 31st, 1904, including Subscriptions towards The Record.
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£ |
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5 |
1654 |
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18 |
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1708 |
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CHIPAMDE DEBENTURES.
A few Debentures of ;^5o each on the above Estates are still available. The Estates are situated in British Central Africa and are being- worked as an Industrial Mission. The Debentures bear interest of the rate of 4% per annum payable half yearly.
Prompt application for these Debentures is invited so that this account may be closed.
HOW YOU CAN
HELP THE SOCIETY.
Shortly, our needs may be thus stated : —
We ask your Prayers for God’s guidance in all our undertakings.
Subscriptions are wanted. The Society must be supported by subscriptions to such an extent as to enable the Directors to meet office and other expenses, until sufficient income be received from the Society’s Industries and under¬ takings to cover such expenses.
Capital is required to be invested in Mis¬ sion Industries, upon which a reasonable return in dividends or interest is expected to be made.
Devoted Men and Women are wanted
to help the work —
By offering for service in the Foreign Field, in connection with the Society’s Industrial work.
By creating a circle of interest in the Society’s work among their friends.
By purchasing from the Missionary Depot.
By assisting to secure the use of Drawing¬ rooms, School-rooms, &c., for the purpose of meetings for the Society.
By consenting to act as Local Representa¬ tive for the purpose of distributing Magazines and Papers, and, if possible, of forming a branch or auxiliary in their district.
By organizing some Industrial work on behalf of the Society, such as Working Parties, or by undertaking some special work, the profits of which would be devoted to the Society.
If YOU desire to help in any way, please communicate with
The Industrial Missions Aid Society,
84, Great Portland Street, London, W.
HELP
Foreign Missions
BY PURCHASING AT
The Missionary Depot,
No. 84, GREAT PORTLAND ST.,
LONDON, W.
Established for the Sale of Work made by Native Christians at Foreign Mission Stations.
Fine Hand-Woven Indian Carpets and Rugs» Gold and Silver Thread Embroideries,
Silk Embroideries,
Drawn Thread Work on Irish Linen.
A large variety of beautiful Hand-made Torchon Lace, in Silk, Linen and Thread.
Carved Wood Work, &c., &c.l COFFEE from the Zambesi. ARROWROOT from New Hebrides. CURRY and CHUTNEY from Calcutta and Baranagore.
INDIAN JAMS from Baranagore.
Detailed price list forwarded on application
Registered Offices of the Society:
84, GT. PORTLAND STREET, LONDON, W.
aow«Ni mot . • « ». okKnKiNwetk. antCN.
A TEN YEARS’ REPORT
^ •
^ OF THE
a
No hi Orphan Asyitum
JAPAN
From May 20 th, 1895, to may 20th, 1905, and the
I nAN FOR EXTENSION OF THE WORK '
§ After the Japanese-Russian War. i
A TEN YEARS’ REPORJ
OF THE
No h i Orphan Asylum
JAPAN
From May 20th, 1895, to SMay 20th, 1905, and the
PLAN FOR EXTENSION OF THE WORK
After the Jap&nese-RussUn War.
1908
mxjVcrtK nh'^'^>0 'n’x^t’A. i
..'< , -'W *'i'
iiX\ 'ora. 1':
>WW HrfT V< ''I''
.-,v,V...dfc'
•V.X-. ^tJKiStX:
•<r -•
Y. IGARASHI, President of the Orphanage.
_ %
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE NOHI ORPHAN ASYLUM.
I. WHEN ESTABLISHED.
During the year 1895, Rev. Yoshihiro Igarashi, who had been sent to the region of Takayama, in the State of Hida, by the Japanese Christian Mis¬ sion to preach the Gospel, saw the awful condi¬ tion existing among the children who had neither parents nor homes to give them shelter.
Such a state of affairs was too much for the preacher to look upon with indifference. His great sympathy for these helpless children soon caused him to give up his work as pastor and devote his entire time in caring for them.
In May of the same year Rev. Igarashi, with the co-operation of friends, decided to establish an Orphan Asylum in the cold and mountainous region of Hida.
This Asylum was the foundation of the pres¬ ent Nohi Orphan Asylum.
DIFFICULT IN THE START.
At the beginning of the work there were al¬ most unsurmountable difficulties, caused chiefly by the need of bedding and a suitable house to keep out the wind and snow. Fortunately such a house was given them by a charitable person.
The question of food supply has always been uppermost in the minds of those at the head of
IT. YAJIMA.
Chaplftln of the Orphanage.
7
the institution, as money has been very scarce during the whole time of its existence,
At one time a terrible storm of wind and snow raged for almost a week; the food supply had given out and the superintendent scarcely knowing what step to take, for the best, de¬ cided to advise the children to leave the Asylum and go in search of food, hoping at some future time to be able to start again under more favor¬ able circumstances.
He stated very plainly to them that they were facing starvation, but even the urging of the superintendent could not induce them to leave the Asylum. They were determined to stay with their father, as they called liim, and in the place they had made their home.
Seeing their determination, he could do noth¬ ing more than kneel, with tears streaming down his cheeks, and offer up prayer to Him who promised to supply all our need according to His riches in glory by Christ Jesus. The children also joined with him in pra^'er.
While they were praying the answer came ; a piece of money was dropped in through a broken window and tiieir present need was then sup¬ plied.
It was afterward learned that the money was given by a poor neighbor who hearing of their trouble was constained to help them.
Their faith has been greatly strengthened by this great answer to prayer, and since then when difficulties arise, they know where to go for help
THE ORPHANGE BAND.
9
for “God is our refuge and strcngtii, a very pres¬ ent help in trouble.”
11. LOCATION.
The Asylum is located in the suburbs of Gifu City, on Ogaki street, or practically in the out¬ lying farming district adjoining the city.
In all directions, save toward the west, which IS thickly covered witii pine trees, are rice fields and vegetable gardens. It is certainly beauti- fidly situated and is quiet and healthful, which aids materially toward both the physical and spiritual welfare of the children.
III. BUILDINGS.
At present there are five one and two-room buildings in the Asylum grounds. Two of these are used for dormitories and the other three for the workshop, dining room and hospital.
With so few buildings to accommodate about loo persons, the great need of additional build' ings can readily be seen.
We plead for the necessary facilities to supply the growing need.
IV. CONSTITUTION AND LAWS GOV¬ ERNING THE ASYLUM.
CHRISTIAN PRINCIPLES.
Being based on Christian principles, this in¬ stitution endeavors to prove by precept and ex¬ ample its deep seated religious convictions as well as to teach the children Christian sympathy and love.
KINDERGARTEN.
II
AIM.
To take full charge of the children in place of parents or guardians and to educate and protect them from physical harm and evil environments.
ELIGIBILITY.
(a) Any child with neither parents nor near blood relation.
(b) Any unclaimed child.
(c) Any child suffering need caused by acci¬ dent in its family.
(d) Any child having absolutely no means of support.
EDUCATION.
All children will be given a common school education and as far as possible the arts oi science will be taught.
Children of school age receive their instruction in the public schools of the city.
Various trades are also taught, those showing aptness are sent away to thoroughly complete the trade they are learning, and those who are desirous of higher education are sent to such schools as is deemed best by those in authority.
MEANS OF SUPPORT.
The expenses of the Asylum are met as fol¬ lows :
(a) Special contribution.
(b) Monthly fee of members.
(c) Profits accruing from the commercial and industrial departments.
PLAY GROUND.
13
RETIREMENT.
After reaching the age of i8 years children may retire from the institution, providing their independent life is regarded safe by those in authority.
V. DEVOTIONS.
Morning and evening a family gathering of the institution is held in the lecture room for de¬ votional worship of Almighty God.
The children are taught to be reverent to God, to love their neighbors, to be pure, honest, and courteous, and to strive to live the Christian life as taught in the Bible.
VI. CLASSIFICATION OF WORK.
(a) Educational (school work and music).
(b) Trades (printing, fan making, etc.).
VIL FINANCE.
Although the institution has never been en¬ tirely free from financial embarrassment, yet we are glad to announce that there has been a gradual development during the ten years just closed.
Various sympathetic friends (by Divine prompting, we believe) have been moved from time to time to aid us, so this good work of car¬ ing for the needy ones has continued until the present, and we look into the future with the de¬ termination to surmount every difficulty by Divine help, and to enlarge our borders from time to time as it becomes necessary.
DINING ROOM.
VIII. NUMBER OF CHILDREN RE¬ CEIVED IN THE INSTITUTION SINCE ITS ESTABLISHMENT AND THE OUT¬ COME DURING THE LAST TEN YEARS.
Boys . 128
Girls . 42
Total . 170
The following number are at present in the institution :
Boys . 54
Girls . 26
Total . 80
Besides the above number there are more than 20 children who are learning various trades on the outside.
The number of those who have become old enough to retire and start out in life for them¬
selves are as follows:
Official member in the Asylum . i
An officer in the K. R. Co . i
Farmers . 2
Printers . 4
High School students . 5
Woman's School students . 4
Barber . i
Merchants . 4
Photographers . 2
Soldiers . 3
NIGHT SCHOOL.
Apprentice boys . -
Massacrer . 3
Nurse . ^
Total . 33
MARRIF.D.
Men . I
Women . ^
Total . 3
Children who were sent out to take up higher or special studies, number as follows :
Public School . 28
High School . 3
Girl's Pligh School . 4
School for the Blind . t
Total . 36
IX. CLASSIFYING CHILDREN INTO CITY OR COUNTY DISTRICTS.
Boys.
Gifu . SI
Nagano . 6
Mie . 3
Yamanashi . 3
Tokushima . 4
Aichi . II
Hiroshima . i
Yamaguchi Kutsuki . .
Girls.
18
2
3
2
MAKING FANS.
Id
Boys.
City of Tokyo . 6
Chiba . I
Shizuoka . ~
Saga .
Wakayama . i
Shiga . 3
Okavama . i
Akita . *
Nagasaki . i
Niigata . t
Hiyogo .
Kouchi .
Yamagata . i-
Iwate . 5
Tomiyama . i
Aomori .
Hokkaido . *
Fukushima .
Sakitama . ^
City of Kiyoto . 2
Unknown place . 3
Total
124 46
FINANCIAL-STATISTICAL REPORT YEARS.
.\nnual Income.
FOR THE TEN
Yen.
1895
1896
1897
1898
> 34-9 1
63775
1.158-15
2.356.78
MAIN BUILDINGS OF THE ORPHANAGE.
21
■899
1900
igoi
1902
1903
1904
4.873-23
5.243-95
10,146.79
11,851-27
10,207.90
6.141.40
Total income . 52,753-^3
REAL ESTATE.
Ground {400 tsubo), 2400 sq ft., esti-
mated value . Ya.ooo
Buildings . ^3.000
Total value . Ys.ooo
Special contributions . Y2.000
FIXED INCOME.
Monthly earnings through the commerci^
and industrial departments . Yioo
Membership fees (2,000 members) . Y200
. Y300
Total
MONTHLY EXPENSES.
Including education, boarding (Y3 per person), officers’ salaries, and mis¬ cellaneous .
It can be seen by the above statement that the monthly expenses exceed the monthly income 300 yen, so it becomes necessary to secure special contributions to make up this deficiency.
It was impossible to collect the full amount for
GROUP OF CHILDREN.
23
the years 1899 and 1904. For the year 1899 the debt was Y900, and the year 1904, Y600, making the total debt of Y 1,500.
X. ADVISORS. FRIENDS AND MEM¬ BERS.
ADVISORS.
Hon. S. M. P. Ehara.
Mr. M. Frnva.
Baron H. Fukuoka.
Mr. M. Kara, Editor of “Nohi News.”
Mr. T. Hayashi, Editor of “Gifu Nichinichi.’ Rev. T. Honda, President of Aoyama College. Mr. S. Kasai, Secretary in the State Office.
Mr. C. Kawamiira, Bank President.
Mr. H. Matsui.
Mr. K. Matsumura.
Baron Y. Mishima.
Hon. T. M. P. Okai.
Count P. Soeshima.
Hon. S. M. P. Shimeda.
Mr. R. Tatsunii, Manager of the “Toyko Nichinichi.”
Hon. \V. M. P. Tatekawa.
The names of friends and members are omitted because of the large number of them.
NUMBER OF FRIENDS.
(a) Particular friends . 3°
(b) Promotors .
Actual members . 2,273
24
XI. CLASSIFICATION OF DEPART¬ MENTS.
The work of the institution is divided into seven departments as follows :
1. Educational.
2. Reformatory.
3. Compiling.
4. Nursing.
3. Internal affairs.
6. External affairs.
7. Undertaking.
To carry out the above work, 13 workers are engaged and are doing their best in their several departments. The workers are divided up as fol¬
lows :
Officers . 6
Teachers in Commercial and Industrial De¬ partments . 2
Music Teacher . i
Nurses . 4
Total . 13
As tlie older children become qualified to assist in teaching, they are given charge of a class of four or five younger children.
XII. DAILY TIME TABLE.
Rising hour . 5 A. M.
Morning worship (30 minutes) . 6 "
Opening school hour and starting, all
branches of work . 7^30 "
Dinner . 12 M.
25
Reviewing lessons (i hour . 3 P. M.
Play hour . 4
Supper . 5
Evening worship . 7
Music . 9-30
There is a band composed of eight children called the “Trumpet Band,” as it is their duty to give the trumpet calls during the day.
Besides the above program, every Friday evening between 6 130 and 8 130 a social meeting of the Asylum (Gorakkai) is held.
The children seem to enjoy this social gather¬ ing very much. The singing, playing, etc., ap¬ pears to refresh them after their week of study.
XIII. ISSUING A MAGAZINE.
As an organ of this work we issue a monthly magazine in which are printed the movements of the children, a detailed report of the financial condition and of all other business connected with the institution. There is usually some very in¬ teresting matter written by prominent writers, on such subjects as will both interest and instruct our readers. The magazine is distributed free to all contributors and members of the Asylum.
XIV. PLAN FOR THE EXPANSION OF THE WORK AFTER THE PRESENT WAR.
Since the commencement of the present hos¬ tility between Russia and this country, the condi-
26
tion of affairs has been quite serious. In spite of the efforts of the various charitable organiza¬ tions to help, there is still a very large number of people, particularly the children, crying for help, wliose lathers have been killed in battle. So it becomes very necessary that these children be taken charge of. not for temporal relief only, but that they may be properly taught and protected until their safety in life is assured.
W'liile we cannot give the definite number of fathers who were killed at the front, yet we esti¬ mate that there will be no less than 10,000 who have children at home that must be cared for by some friend or society. We hope to be able to take 200 of them, making 300 in all in our institu¬ tion.
In order to meet this great demand it becomes necessary for us to secure aid from our friends abroad.
The following amounts must needs be raised if we are to carry out the plan of extention we
desire:
Rc.serve fund . $100,000.00
Buildings and grounds . 25.000.00
Total . $125,000.00
This amount will be divided as follows:
Lf*iid . $10,000.00
Six houses . 15,000.00
Total . $25,000.00
27
Boarding ($2.50 per head monthly) . . . 750.00
Salaries (officers and nurses), 30 in all. 250.00
Monthly expenses . $1,000.00
This amount could be paid from the interest of the Reserve Fund.
XV. OTHER PLANS OF EXTENTION.
(a) To build a church on the grounds of the Asylum.
(b) To establish a grammar school.
(c) To enlarge the industrial and commercial departments.
(d) To establish an agricultural department.
(e) To improve our musical departments.
(f) To enlarge the play ground.
ENDORSEMENTS.
Honolulu, H. T., March 14th, 1905. To Whom It May Concern :
This is to state that Mr. Yoshihiro Igarashi, the President of the Nohi Orphanage, Inabaku, Gifu, Japan, has come to the Plawaiian Islands and thence will proceed to the United States of America, for the purpose of raising its fund, ap¬ pealing to the sympathy of those who are inter¬ ested in the matter.
Issued by
MIKI SAITO,
H. I. Japanese Majesty's Consul-General.
Mr. Yoshihiro Igarashi is of the city and province of Gifu, Japan. Mr. Igarashi is at the head of the Nohi Orphan Asylum, one of the more notable and widely known charities of the Empire. Eleven years ago the great earthquake at Gifu and Nagoya, together with the disastrous fire which followed it, left a large number of orphans with no one to care for them. The pitiable condition of these waifs so moved Mr. Igarashi’s heart that he determined to open his home to them. Little by little outside friends became interested in what this Christian believer was doing, and the undertaking g-rew until now the asylum is known throuhogut Japan and has drawn to its support a large number of the fore-
29
most Christians in the country. Stress of war, however, has cut off much of the income of late and Mr. Igarashi has been forced to seek help abroad. He comes to Hawaii backed by many of the leading merchants and missionaries, re» gardless of denominational connection. Aid given him will go to the support of the noble charity.
ORRAMEL H. GULICK.
DOREMUS SCUDDER
JOHN W. WADMAN.
Honolulu, Feb. lo, 1905.
Honolulu, T. H., Oct. 24, 1905.
Mr. Y. Igarashi, Founder Nohi Orphanage,
Gifu, Japan.
Dear Brother:
During my long residence in Japan, it was a great pleasure for me to learn much of the good work you were doing for the little help¬ less ones of your native country, and without any hesitation I most sincerely and cordially commend this “labor of love’’ to all friends who feel disposed to assist in enlarging and more fully consolidating an institution upon which the richest blessing of Him who said, "Inas¬ much as you have done it unto one of the least of those my breathren you have done it unto me,” must surely rest. Wishing you great success in
30
your proposed tour over America, and hoping to greet you here upon your return with youi jjockets full of the “Lord’s coin,”
V'ery sincerely yours,
JOHN W. WADMAN, Supt. Hawaiian Mission M. E. Church.
Board of the Hawaiian Evangelical Association.
October 12, 1905.
To Whom it May Concern:
The bearers, Yoshihiro Igarashi and Ukichi Yajima, are traveling in America in the interest of the Nohi Orphan Asylum. They are endorsed by leading missionaries in Japan and are so well known by Dr. Scudder and others of these Islands that they have raised over $3,000.00 of their required endowment of $125,000.00
It appears that since the war there is even greater demand for an asylum for the children of parents killed in the war. We recommend these two men to all pastors and Sunday School superintendents and to those interested in charit¬ able concerns.
THEODORE RICHARDS, Treasurer.
NOHI ORPHAN ASYLUM.
To Friends of Nohi Orphanage:
Believing that you are interested in humanity, and that you are particularly interested In the
31
future of Japan, I ask you to co-operate with me in this work. Send me, (Yoshihiro Igara- shi), Gifu, Japan, or Rev. T. Okumura, Rev. G. Motokawa of Honolulu, or any of the Japanese Consulates at Honolulu, Hawaii ; San Fran¬ cisco, Cal.; Seattle, Wash.; Vancouver; Port¬ land; Chicajro; New York City; Japanese Legation in Washington City, for the Orphan Asylum, as much as you can give.
May the love of God enlighten our minds and expand our hearts until we shall be willing to withhold nothing which we are able to give to aid the helpless children in our midst.
Hoping and trusting that you will give as liberally as you can, I am,
Sincerely yours, YOSHIHIRO IGARASHI.
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agricultural Department.
aiUbaUaO Cbctetian College.
'Qlniteb pcovlnces, Knbta.
A SU^0mea^ of Conditions, Opportunities mod Plans.
artbur e. Slatec. agricultural department, ailababab Cbrlotlan College, toil.
Bitrtcultucal I>epartment,
BllababaD Gbctetlan College.
A atfrtement of coadiiioyiJi, opportunities, anA -plans.
ONE-fifth of the inhabitants of the globe are under consideration when one studies India, and of these, sixty-five per cent, are directly dependent upon agriculture. Of the one hundred and sixty one acamedic colleges in India, mission¬ ary and government cootbined, only sixteen teach a man some profession or trade. Of these aca¬ demic colleges none rank higher than our splendid American mission colleges. The Forman Christian College, Lahore, and the Christian College, Allah¬ abad may be cited. Mission work along the lines of higher education in India needs no comment here. These institutions speak for themselves.
Another great opportunity is now awaiting, developement Great efforts have and are being made, to help and influence Indian students through Christian education. Much has already been done in our mission schools and in industrial mission work to influence India's “masses," and to raise their standard of living, physically, morally, and spiritually, and to lead them into the Kingdom But these efforts looked at in the light of the densi¬ ty of the agricultural population and its present condition are altogether inadequate to meet the tre¬ mendous need. For the men and women at home, of
( 2 )
large heartland broad vision, witbthe necessary funds at their disposal, is an opportunity for a definitely planned system of mission work, along the lines treated of in this paper, the usefulness of which it is difficult to over-estimate. Missions are not, as such, philanthropic agencies, but surely may they not follow the Master’s own plan, who went about do- iog good ? May we not \ise every means blessed of God for winning mea to him? Work of this nature constitutes a direct approach to the very heart of the people and uplifts them, and helps to put the Indian Church on a sounder basis.
With these thoughts in view the following, facts have been gathered together which it is be* Iteved may make the matter clearer and more concise.
Two things arc necessary. First, a correct representation of conditions as they exist in India to-day of the life of her agriculturists and of the possibility of helping them through means blessed of God. And secondly an outline of the work it is proposed to do, and a statement of what will be needed, with which to carry on the work.
The ontline of the plans for work as submitted here is that of Mr. Sam Hingginbottom. a Professor in this College, who is now at Columbus, Ohio, specializing in agriculture, and at the same time working to secure the necessary funds. He returns this fall to open up and carry on this agricultural work in connection with the College here.
( 3 )
First let me present the need and the possibili' iy of adequately meeting' this need, from the view point of one who has just arrived in India to help with this work, and is now studying the agricultural conditions here.
INDIA is a land of farmers, there
ThoAgrlcul- being twice as many of them here as tural Out’ **, '
look. people m the United states. The ag¬ ricultural population is five hundred to six hundred per sq. mile in North India and in some districts nearly eight hundred to the sq. mile. Wages are very low. averaging four cents a day for the labourer; consequently even in a good year poverty is omnipresent, so that Sir William Hunter could say that 40,000,000 go through life with too little food while Sir Charles Elliot of Assam wrote "I do not hesitate to say that half of our agricultural popula¬ tion never know from year's end to year’s end what it is to have f.cir hunger satisfied.”
The whole outlook is agricultural. Almost every square yard is under the plough. In the growing season, great expanses of green meet the eye, wheat, barley, rice. oats. peas, sugar, cotton- etc., every variety of crop. In the intervals between the harvests an interrupted stretch of bare, baked, sun-cracked soil, is seen. Every morning in the growing season the whole family go out to work in their fields. A more simple patient people it is difficult to find. A people who
( 4 )
deserve our help and sympathy, and whom we are able to help.
All India looks to the farmer ; the Government for its revenue, the landlord for his rent, the grain merchant fur his profits, and the labourer for his wa^es. To all these persons and col¬ lectively they mean the whole of India; "the harvest" is the centre of interest, and to most of ^hem, "the state of the crops," is the one all- absorbing question of life.
Crops ^ great field for improvement lies here- Practically nothing has be,en done as yet. In normal seasons two crops are secured. V/ith improved methods the land can be cropped the year round. At present the land lies idle for nearly five months, whereas keeping the soil constantly occupied in the production of something valuable for food or fertilizer is better than to allow it to leach, wash, or sunbake. Water is the limit¬ ing factor. Given irrigation, on a soil stored with the fertility of past ages, not only would famines cease, but prosperity ensue. Deserts in Arizona, Utah, Texas have been transformed. India can be. The average wheat production is 10 bushels per acre. It might easily be 20. Cotton yeilds far less here than in the poorest farmed sections of the Southern States.
THE soil of the surrounding district and of the United Provinces gener* ally, is a deep alluvial, carried down and deposited
( 5 )
by ♦he Ganges and Jumna rivers. Its texture changes little to a depth of from 500 to 1000 feet. It contains the mineral wealth of the Himalayan Mts- stored up for ages. The people but tickle its surface lwo*inchcs deep with a wooden stick which does service as a plough and it responds Given improved methods of cultivation, manuring, and'ir- rigation, the dreadful fear of an Indian famine may forever be removed.
Famine •— DEADLY Famines result from the failure of the rains, and arc of al¬ most periodical occurrence. Irrigation must be more widely practised is order to save life. The failure of a single harvest is equivalent to six months unemployment. 'That of 1878 which lasted twelve months in the North West Provinces, and twenty- two months in Madras, directly affected a popula- lation of more than 58,000,000, with a consequent reduction through deaths and a diminished birth rate of about 7,000,000. The awful famine of 1900 severely affected 52,000,000 people and resulted directly and indirectly in the death ol nearly 1000. 000 persons, a large majority of whom were children, CHOLERA oftens accompanies famine
Famine Ac‘
cumpani~ do also fevers, so that the bye pro- ducts are calamities of considerable moment. The bubonic plague which during the year^^ 1896 — 1900 caused the death of nearly
^ liiirleu 1*. UtarUV*' ludU and CbrJ«ilaaoupurtuul(;, "
( 6 )
360.000 persons in India is produced, according to the Bombay Plague Research Committee, by causes leading to a lower state of vitality, of which in¬ sufficient food is probably the most important."
These arc some facts. More could be quoted^ but space does not allow of this here. More need not be said.
WE hear much of the teachings of Brahmanism and much of its ethics and lofty ideals. But we do not hear
Popular Relig¬ ious Beliefs.
so much of the popular religious beliefs of the people of India, of their superstitious practices and daily customs. The religion of their philo¬ sophical books is not the religion of India. The unit makes the community and in India that unit is the farmer. Let us look at some of his religious beliefs and customs. The following quotations have been taken from Crook's Popular Religious Beliefs of North India, an authority doubted by none.
“ THE farmer worships his plough and his corn sieve or winnowing basket.
Implement
Worship.
At the end of the sowing season there is a regular worship of the plough and sacrifices are made to it. At the Diwal! festival a woman takes a sieve and a house broom, which is a scarer of evU spirits, and beats them in every corner of the house, exclaiming ' God abide, and
poverty depart. '
( 7 )
Earth Wor- Earth goddess Dhai’ituri a name
fhip. which meaas ‘ upholder or “support¬
er ’’ is widely worshipped in many varied forms. In Central India it prevails widely where the marriage of the Earth to the plough is celebrated. The Dryad of the shl tree (shorca robusta) who controls the rain receives an offer¬ ing of fowls. The women next wash the .feet of the priest and worship him. He dances with them and adorns them with fidl flowers. They then soak him with water as a spell to bring the rain, and then refresh him with beer."
When the sowing of the seed is over its com- plation is celebrated by the Michandri Pujd or wor¬ ship of Mother Earth, a ceremony intended to in' voke fertility. The cultivator first makes ofTerings to the deity ; while this is going on, the ploughmen, who arc all collected in a field, drive their ploughs at a trot, striking widely ; it is the end of the year’s laboi^r to ihc bullocks. The cultivator then makes two small holes in the ground to represent grana¬ ries ; he drops in a few grains and covers them : this is the symbol of prayer that his granary may be filled from the produce ot the land. The plough¬ man then runs oft at full speed across country scat¬ tering wheat hoiUd whole as a sign of abuadan'*c. The ceremony is then over."
RataSpel/<. why these play such
Urge part in the religious belief of
( 8 )
the people. '‘Nudity on the part of women forms the central part in invocations for lain. This cus¬ tom is also met with in Servia and Russia. Du¬ ring the Gorakhpur famine of 1873-74 there were many accounts received of women going about with a plough at night, stripped naked, and dragging it across the fields, as an invocation to the rain god. One explanation that is sometimes given is that the nudity of the women represents their utter poverty and inability to give more to conciliate *he god ol the rain."
"Of the regular nudity spell in a case of failure of rains, we have the one which tock place in Chundr in the nearby Mirzapur district in 1892. Several women collected in a field from which all the men were excluded. Three women from a culti? ivator’s family stripped: two were yoked to a plough like oxen and the third held the handle. They then began to imitate the operation of ploughing. One shouted ‘O mother earth! bring parched grain, water and chaff. Our stomachs are breaking to pieces from hunger and thirst. ’ By the grace of God the weather did change almost immediately and a good rain fell. There can be no doubt that this ceremony prevails widely in N. India-
In the Punjab the village girls pour down on an old woman as she passes some cow manure dissolved in water; or an old woman is made to sit down under the roof spout of a house and get a wetting when it rains.
( » )
“ In Chhatarpur, on a wall facing the East, they paint two figures with cow manure representing Indm (the God of rain) and the other Megha (the God of the clouds) with their legs and their heads hanging down. It is supposed that the discomfort thus caused to them will compel them to grant the boon of rain."
^ “ I'HE digging of a well is a duty requir¬
ing infinite care and caution. The work should begin on a fixed day, and on the night before, little bowls of water are placed around the proposed site, and the one which dries up least marks the best site for the well. After the well is finished a sacred stone is solemnly wedded to a sacred plant (representing a garden) with the regu¬ lar marriage ceremonies."
“ There is a class of persons called " sniffers " (sunga) generally holy faqfvs who claim they can smell good water below ground. "
“ALL the products of the cow are sacred.
The respect for the cow is based on its milk yielding qualities and agricultural
usefulness.
The pious Hindu touches the cow’s tail and is carried across the river of death. A criminal as¬ cends the scaffold with the greatest composure if he is only allowed to grasp a cow’s tail- '*
CatUe DIs- expelled by noise — special in¬
ease. c.xulations. In case of an epidemic
( 10 )
disease the fattest animal is singled out and severely beaten with rods ”
"Among the Kartjodrs, wh«n disease attacks the cattle, they take a black cock, put some red lead on its head, some antimony on its eyes, a spangle on its forehead and fixing a pewter bangle to its leg, let it loose calling to the disease — ‘ Mount on the fowl and go elsewhere into the ravines and thickets ; destroy the sin. '
What relation does all this popular religious belief bear to our work? Just this, that here we have a people miserably poor, whose livelihood depends upon their efforts of getting it from the land, who are only bound down with shackles of superstit'on and popular belief ; vt/ho can only come out into the full light of the da) as we give them that light ; and that light can only be given them by the religion of Jesus Christ ; may we not lead them to the one true God, who maketh nations to prosper, and who having once entered into the heart of man, drives out superstition and ignorarce and sin, instituting in its place strong vigorous manhood and womanhood ? Is not this work worth while? May we not try to understand more fully the mysterious inner life of the races whom we are trying to uplift and help, and to sympathize more with their tremendous difficult¬ ies and obstacles and be willing to spend our¬ selves on their behalf ?
( 11 )
OUR plan is in brief, — to have here a Outline of ^ .
Plans. department of Agriculture, thfe , work of which will be very varied. Onl-y a general idea of what is to be attempted can be given here. Teaching will be given leading to a degree in Agriculture. This we' feel ought to reach those of our students here who own land ; short couises in the vernacular will form an important part of the work ; practical demonstrations on the college farm will show how present methods may be improved upon, particularly through the intro¬ duction of labor-saving machinery. A good ilairy will be equipped and training given which should prove a means of support to many. The great possiblities of truck farming, fruit growing ^nd vegetable gardening, with a large market demand on the spot, should be of mueh practical benefit. A school founded on the basis of Mt. Hermoh should prove to our beys the inestimable benefits which are the result of honest toil — a school in which any boy who is willing to pull oflF his coat and learn, can procure for himself a sound educa- lion, that will develop both his body and mind In years to come a large colony of Indian Christians might spring up who will demonstrate that the Vital active principle of Christianity is not the altitude of ‘ the one who passed by on the other side, “ but rather one of mutual sympathy and Christian brotherhood, manifested by a combi¬ nation of faith and works.
It is much to say that the possible out¬ come of such a ttaining on our low-castc converts
( 12 )
would be such as to broaden their vision and lead them to a fuller realization of the Master and of His work ?
Eventually small demonstration farms might be started in connection with the mission stations. The usefulness of these for the training of orphans and others specially selected would be very great* Materials, and Indian Christians who themselves had gone through a course of instruction in the agri¬ cultural Dept, here, could be provided for these farms. There is no doubt that Govt, would give substantial financial help towards their maintain- ance, should it be thought desirable to accept it.
Such are some of the lines of work that it is proposed to follow. This question of rural educa¬ tion is one needing most earnest prayer and deepest thought.
The great end to be always remembered is that whatever be done, let it be done for the advance¬ ment of the Kingdom, and for the honor of God. Let us work together, those on the firing line and those on the home base for this great end.
The East has much to ask: the West much to give. The darkness of superstitious beliefs and customs must give place to the brightness of the day. To accomplish this, a much larger percentage of the cultivators, and Indian Christians must be broadly educated along practical lines; their agri¬ cultural practices must be improved so as to lessen poverty and the awful and ever constant dread of famine and pestilence; the principle that God works
( 13 )
for and with, and not against, those who strive to do his will, must be forcibly brought home, and happier, holier lives will be the result.
Needs. Board of Directors of this College
has authorised Mr. Higginbottom to try to raise fifty thousand dollars for this work.
Six thousand dollars have been received for the purchase of two hundred acres of land, the final purchase settlement of which is almost com¬ pleted. We are in immediate need of funds for two American professor's houses, also a building for live slock and a machinery building. There are many other needs, but these are pressing, in or¬ der that building may be commenced at once.
besides the gilt of the land, the fol¬ lowing have been received: $2000 towaids the construction of a dairy building ; a collection of agricultural machinery from the Inter¬ national Harvester Co., Chicago, valued at $1000 ; a collection of ploughs from the Chilled Plough Co., seeds from Suttou s & Sons, Reading, England, and from Morse & Co., San Francisco ; also the pro¬ mise of agricultural machinery from the Massey Harris Co., Toronto, Ontario.
We are further in active co-operation with the U. S. Dept, of Agriculture, Washington. Dr. David Fairchild, Agricultural Explorer to the United States, and chief of the Bureau of Seed and Plant Introduction (S. P. I ) has promised us his cordial assistance. He is willing to send us seeds and plants that he thinks will be suited to climatic
( H )
conditions here. It is believed by American agri¬ cultural experts that far superior varieties of ira. proved American cotton, as «veil as those of many other crops, can be successfully introduced, and this we intend to try.
WE trust that all interested will place themselves in touch with Mr. Sam. Higginbottom, 1927 Waldeck Ave., Colum¬ bus, Ohio. Gifts may be made to him till Septem¬ ber 1911 (when he hopes to return) or sent direct to Dr. Ai S' Ewing, President. Allahabad Christian College, U. P., India. Large American cheques are negotiable in India.
It is earnestly hoped that the total sum asked for willy very shortly, be realized, so that the work may bft speedily commenced. Once established it is fell' that' the department can be made self- supportiffg.
Let us push on this work in this the day of great o^/portunity, and so do our share in establish¬ ing the Kingdom.
PRINTED AT
INDUSTRIAL EVANGEI^ISTIC MISSION PRESS.
10 MAVO ROAD.
Cbe Industrial missions
Association oT America
ADVISORY COUNCIL
Ernest H. Abbott, "The Outlook,” New York.
Rev. J. L. Barton, D.D., American Board of Com¬ missioners of Foreign Missions. Boston.
Rev. L. T. Chamberlain, D.D., New York.
Rev. Hbnrv N. Codd. D.D.. Board of Foreign Mis¬ sions of the Reformed Church in America, New York.
Rev. C. C. Cbekgan, D.D., American Board of Com¬ missioners of Foreign Missions, New York.
Rev. Charles Cuthdbrt Hall, D.D., Union Theo¬ logical Seminary, New York.
H. W. Jessup, New York.
D. L. Pierson, "Missionary Review.” New York.
RoBT. E. Speer, Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis¬ sions, New York.
Luther D. Wishard, New York.
COMMITTEE OF ORGANIZATION
Rev. C. C. Hall, D.D.. New York.
Charles N. Talbot, 34 Pine Street, New York.
H. W. Fry, Cofounder and Director of the Industrial MiuiooB Aid Society of London. Room 8i8, a8? Fourth Avenue. New York.
At a Conference held in May last in the Board room of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions in New York, at which most of the leading Missionary Boards were represented, it was unanimously agreed by those present that :
" Industrial work on a thoroughly sound commercial basis is of the utmost importance for the robust development of the work of Foreign Missions ^ ^
Industrial work needs industrial workers. This Association will endeavor to supply missionaries with competent lay industrial workers, and also provide capital, so that industries, directed by experts, may be placed on such a scale as to be made self- supporting.
The work of the Association, briefly stated, will be as follows ;
/St. To inaugurate and develop self- supporting industrial missionary operations all over the world, in order to find, as far as may be possible, a means of livelihood for mission adherents, thus helping them to become a
vigorous, self-supporting Christian commu¬ nity, instead of burdens to missions.
2d. To inaugurate and maintain subsid¬ iary industrial or commercial organizations in the Homeland, mainly retail depots or stores, to effect the following objects:
(/;) To be the means of making known the Association and its objects to American Chrisdans.
(^) To make a market in the Home¬ lands for ardcles manufactured in missionary lands, and especially for those manufactured on missionary stations.
(f) To train and test candidates desiring to devote themselves in Foreign Fields to missionary industrial operadons on self-sup¬ porting lines in connection with this Asso¬ ciation.
(«/) to make profits to be expended in forwarding the purposes of this Association.
(^) To be in every case a center of Industrial Missionary Enterprise in connec¬ tion with this Association.
^d. To receive gifts, or capital for in¬ vestment, or loans (on which reasonable in-
terest will be paid), to be utilized for the general purposes of the Association, at the discredon of the trustees.
Just as the Student Volunteer movement is intended to arouse undergraduates all over the world to offer themselves and their varied talents definitely to Christ’s most honorable service, and assist them in so doing, so this Associadon appeals to laymen in general that they should as supporting industrial mission¬ ary workers take the important position which they ought to do in this noblest of all efforts.
This Associadon claims that the powerful agency of “ Industry,” or “Commerce,” in any such branches as may be suitable, may and should be utilized as an auxiliary to ordinary missionary effort, and it exists for the special purpose of carrying this system into pracdcal effect on righteous up-to-date commercial principles.
It is hoped that the investments of this Associadon may become of recognized sta¬ bility, and that having reasonably remune¬ rated all its investors and workers, it may become a source of power, financially and
otherwise, toward the furtherance of its objects and in its own expansion.
A pamphlet, giving more detailed infor¬ mation concerning the work of the Associa¬ tion, may be had and will be gladly forwarded on application.
Correspondence and suggestions are invited from all who approve the principles of the Association.
To enable the Association to be effectively put before the Christian Public, the Com¬ mittee desire to raise at once an “ Inaugural Fund '* of $10,000 or upward, with which to meet Preliminary Expenses of all kinds, and to be, in short, the “Capital” with which to start the enterprise. This sum may be partly donated and partly loaned for this special purpose at 4 per cent, interest, to be repayable, when the society is fully established. As soon as this amount is received or guaranteed, the Association will be incorporated in accordance with the best legal advice, and a Board of Trustees will be formed, proper offices will be taken, and the usual execudve officials appointed.
Contributions toward the Inaugural Fund and for the general purposes of the Associ¬ ation will be gratefully received.
Information as to investments, rates of interest, and terms of repayment for loans and other details may also be obtained on application to the undersigned, to whom all correspondence should for the present be addressed.
H. W. FRY,
Room 8i8, 287 Fourth Avenue, New York.
(reMPORARV ADDHBSS)
Kindly pa89 this on when read
An ©pportunity anb a Problem
Foreli^n Mlssloas Industrial Association
FOREIGN MISSIONS INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATION
Rkv. Edwcn Mi’nsoli. Bliss, D.D. Gfntral Secretary
Chaki.ks N. Tai.bot Treamrer
105 East 22d Strf«i. Ntw York City
An ©ppnrtunitg anb a Problem
HE problem of foreign missions is
no longer the open door. The
doors are wide open every\vhere. It is no longer that of securing a hearing. Reverent listeners are found in every land and every race, speaking every language. It is no longer that of the establishment of a native church. Churches are organ¬ ized in every section of the field and are doing noble service.
It is the problem of the development of the native church, its education, its strengthening, its growth in power, so that it may be self-supporting, self-direct¬ ing, self-propagating, and thus assume the responsibility for the evangelization of the millions to whom as yet Christianity is little more than a name, if even it be that. Of these various conditions, the one that offers the most immediate difficulty is that of self-support. Marvelous has been the growth in other lines, and if this one essential be provided for, the others will occasion little difficulty or anxiety.
When we take up the question of the self-support of the native church, the first
thing that meets us is the appalling in¬ dustrial condition of all mission lands. That as much has been attained as the records of these past years show is mar¬ velous. Native Christians give for the Gospel and their own church ordinances in a far greater ratio to their income than any communities in civilized lands, and at the same time they cannot accomplish what ought to be done, nor will they be able to until the general conditions of life are greatly improved. No one who has traveled in mission lands can fail to realize three great difficulties:
First. The people, as a rule, have but a limited sphere of industry and that sphere is by no means always the best.
Second. They have a very limited home market for the product of their labor.
Third. Their foreign market is prac¬ tically nothing.
What is needed is some agency that can meet these three difficulties. It must open up to the natives themselves new fields of activity, always keeping in mind their relation to the supply of home demands, and also bring these industries into the view of the foreign commercial
world. It must be primarily a missionary organization, not so much in the evan¬ gelistic method of its action as in its entire sympathy with that method and its application of the evangelistic principles of His life, who announced His coming to preach good tidings to the poor. It must be in close touch with evangelistic mis¬ sions, because the representatives of those missions are, as the widest observation and the longest experience have shown, the shrewdest, ablest judges of the actual needs and opportunities of those fields. It must keep the missionary idea to the forefront, because its general purpose is to set before the non-Christian races of the world the highest conception of the Christian life, including a promise for that life as it now is not less than as it is to be.
The Foreign Missions Industrial Asso¬ ciation meets all these conditions. In closest sympathy with the missionary boards of every land and of every branch of the Christian Church, it aims to bring to the service of that great cause the shrewdest business ability, the widest commercial knowledge, and the strongest financial support of a land which is by leaps and bounds taking the foremost place among the nations of the earth. It plans to send out trained men to study 3
the industrial situation ; to provide, where needed, capital in small sums for individuals or communities that need the wherewithal to develop industries already proven to be of value. Already it has received from the mission lands many tokens of the gratitude of laborers there, and not a few foreigners resident in this country, anxious for the best things for their fellows beyond the ocean, have ex¬ pressed their belief that it has an oppor¬ tunity not less great than that of any other missionary enterprise.
It will appear, then, that there are two departments, or perhaps better, phases of this work, in a degree distinct from each other, yet so interdependent as to be practically one enterprise. So far as the commercial department is concerned, it must be on a strict business basis. Money expended should bring returns. The first essential of business prosperity in mission lands as well as in civilized lands is the establishing of a proper relation between expenditures and receipts. This however requires preliminary investigation, and a considerable amount of tentative training of the people. Furthermore, the develop¬ ment of the home market will require for some time to come more of outgo than of income. These people need to
4
be trained to know what they can do, and communities must have open before them new ideals. All this requires care¬ ful supervision, and at first considerable expenditure. So far as the foreign trade is concerned, there seems to be an opening which promises great results. To accom¬ plish these, however, funds are needed, and those who seek to do their fellow creatures a service that shall go on increasing in its value from year to year can find no better way of fulfilling their stewardship of the bounty God has en¬ trusted to them than by assisting in such an enterprise as this.
5
■V
’r*
STATEMENT O
iHE Foreign Missions Industrial Association is both philanthropic
J. and missionary in its object and method. Recognizing the truth that the industrial and social conditions in mission lands are essential factors in the develop¬ ment of Christian life, it aims to improve those conditions :
1. By furnishingemployment to ihosewho, through adoption of the Christian faith, are cut off from their ordinary means of livelihood, also to widows with large families, orphans and others in need.
2. By introducing new ideas, new methods, new industries, raising thus the conception of life as well as the actual habit of living,
3. By making it evident that the promise of the Gospel is for this life as well as for that which is to come.
4. By the introduction of true business principles in mission lands.
Its methods are :
1. Assistance of e.iclsting industrial movements, inaugurated by missionaries or in connection with missionary enterprises, with a view, wherever feasible, of assuming their entire support and management, until they attain self-support.
2. Inauguration of new movements, the starting of specific industries, e. g., cloth or carpet weaving, embroidery, carpentry, blacksmithing, brickmaking,
F PRINCIPLES
etc., etc., and particularly the development of manual training as carried on in schools in this country.
3. Sending out specially trained missionaries to investigate conditions, suggest forms of industrial enterprise, and take charge of industrial activities.
4. Bringing the products of industries in mission or other communities into touch with the markets of the civilized world.
In these enterprises, self-support will be aimed at as an essential. Any profits in the local work will be applied to missionary enterprise in the vicinity. Profits accruing from the commercial enterprise will be ap¬ plied to the general work on the field and the cost of administration.
The Association does not offer any finan¬ cial return for contributions to its work. Aside from the necessary expenses of ad¬ ministration, no one, whether connected with its management or a donor to its funds, will reap advantage from it. All contribu¬ tions and all profits will be held in trust for the advantage of mission fields, to speed the time when those communities shall be able to carry on their own evangelistic work, develop their own Christian commu¬ nity as well as individual life.
FOREIGN MISSIONS INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATION
REV. EDWIN MUNSELL BLISS. D D. General Secretary
CHARLES N. TALBOT Treasurer
105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET NEW YORK CITY
(tflo t^nrii!
IF a merchant becomes a Christian, no one will buy his goods ; if he is a weaver, no one will buy his clotli ; if he is a dyer, no one will buy his thread; if he is a jeweller, no one will employ him. If it is remembered that every particular occupation in life represents a particular caste, it will be easily under¬ stood how matters are complicated where converts from the great Trades Unions are concerned. Hence the need of In¬ dustrial Missions, and the fact that they exist.
A man wants to become a Christian, say, from the blacksmith or carpenter caste. As a Christian he loses his trade, and he has been trained to no other. His forefathers worked in iron or wood, and he cannot attempt to learn other work. . .
Just now this system is in full opera¬ tion in the case of a lad of the brassworker caste. He is a thoughtful boy, and has come to the conclusion that Christianity is the true religion ; he would like to be a Christian ; if the conditions were a little easier he would be enrolled as an en¬ quirer to-morrow. But here is the diffi¬ culty. His father is not strong, his mother and little sisters and brothers are his care ; if he were a Christian he could not support them ; no one would sell him brass, no one would buy the ves¬ sels he makes. He knows only his in¬ herited trade. He can make fine water pots, lamps, vases, and vessels of all sorts, but nothing else. He is too old to leani any other trade ; but supposing such an arrangement could be made, who would support the family in the meantime? Per¬ haps we might do it ; we certainly could not let them starve ; but it would not do to tell him so, or to hold out hopes of earthly help, till we know beyond a doubt tliat he is true. This is what is holding him back. He reads over and over
again “ He that loveth father or mother more than Me is not worthy of Me,” and then he looks at his father and mother and the little children; and he reads the verse again, and he looks at them again. It is too hard.
It is easy enough to tell him that God would take care of them if he obeys. We do tell him so, but can we wonder at the boy for hesitating to take a step which will, so far as he can see, take house and food and all they need from his mother and those little children? — From “Things as They Are,” by Miss Amy Wilson Carmichael.
FOREIGN MISSIONS INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATION
REV. EDWIN MUNSELL BLISS, D.U. General Seerelarj’
CHARLES N. TALBOT Treasurer
105 East 22d Street, New York City
DOES IT PAY?
This Caving for Orphatts in India and Tnrkeg?
'I'hp following appeal reociitly received from India will help in answering this question:
“Bj* far the most hopeful, the UH»st unique and the most eritleal undtucaking for (’hrist- ian missions in western India to-day is the care and training of these famine ehildreti. For the mass of the non-t'hristian population prol)ahly consider this I’hk Most ('iiuisti.ikk U’oKK vviinui 'I'liKSK Missions IIavk Evi-u Donk. The government also considers tliis undertaking with sincere respect and sympa¬ thy. and is leady t«» eo-operate.'*
Sui-ely it pays to help in work like thi.s; and the more of love you put into your gift the more hji[>piness you will find in it.
nitOWN BliOrUEIlS it- CO.. Treasimrs. 59 Wall St., Nfw York. N. 1*.
Enclosed please find
fur Industrial Orphan iV«»tr .
Hollies
in Ivriin.
in Turkei
City
190
DoUar.s^^ . )
Street
State
TJu* cost of properly earing for an orphan in India is about S20 a year, while in Turkey it is about $25. But do not stop with one orphan, if your heart is large enough for more.
All contributors will receive a receipt from the Treasurer and also our little illus¬ trated quarterly. Tut: IIkj,pin(; Hand. Societies, and others wi.shing it. can receive extra copies for distribution. IMease state which country your contribution is for.
I’leask Snow TO Yofi« Fimknds.
CDe foreign missions Tnaustrial Jf$$ociatioit
Board of Directors
PRBSIDBST
W. H. PARSONS, 66 Broadway, New York.
VICB-PRRSI DDNT
REV. CHARLES CUTHBERT HALL, D.D., Union Theological Seminary, New York.
CHAIRMAN OP BXHCUTIV* COMMITTBB
JAMES WOOD, Mount KUco, Now York.
TREASURER AND SECRETARY
C. N. TALBOT, H Pine Street, New York.
GENERAL MANAGER
H. W. FRY, loj Eaic aid Street, New York, Co-Founder of the Industrial Missiont Aid Society of London.
REV. C. C. CREECAN, D.D., iB? Fourth Avenue, New York.
ARTHUR M. HATCH, 96 Broadway, New York.
Adoisorv Council
E. H. AntiOTT, “The Outlook," New York.
Rev, J. L. Barton. D.D., American Board of Commls- lionen of Foreign MUsioni, Boston.
Rev. Harlan P. Beach, Student Volunteer Movement, New York.
Rev. L. T. Chamberlain, D.D., President of the Evan¬ gelical Alliance of the United Staiea, New York.
Rev. H. N. Cobb, D.D., Board of Foreign Mission* of the Reformed Chureb in America, New York.
Rev. Jambs S. Dennis, D.D., New York.
H. W. Jessup, CouncUJor-at-Law, New York.
D. L. Pierson, “The Missionary Review," New York
Ri. Rev. Bishop H. C. Potter, D.D., New York.
Robert E. Speer, Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis-
siont, New York.
Luther D. VVishaed, Young People’s Missionary Move¬ ment, New York.
John W. Wood, Corresponding Secretary Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the Protestant Epis¬ copal Church, New York.
Special Reprcaentativfr— Mr. S. L. Joshi (of Bombay).
At a Conference held recently in the Board room of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions in New York, at which most of the leading Missionary Societies were represented, it was unanimously agreed by those present that :
“ Industrial work on a thoroughly sound commercial basis is of the utmost importance for the robust development of the work of Foreign Missions ^ ,>1
Industrial work needs industrial workers. This Association will endeavor to supply missionaries with competent lay industrial workers, and also provide capital, so that industries, directed by experts, may be placed on such a scale as to be made self- supporting.
The work of the Association, briefly stated, will be as follows :
To inaugurate and develop self- supporting industrial missionary operations all over the world, in order to find, as far as may be possible, a means of livelihood for mission adherents, thus helping them to become a
vigorous, self-supporting Christian commu¬ nity, instead of being burdensome to missions.
2d. To inaugurate subsidiary organiza¬ tions in the Homeland, mainly retail depots or stores for the sale of articles from Mis¬ sionary Lands, to effect the following objects :
{a) To be the means of making known the Association and its objects to Ameri¬ can Christians.
(fc) To make a market in the Home¬ land for articles manufactured in missionary lands, and especially for those viauu- faciured on missionary stations. By means of Household Industries, thousands of needy persons may in this way be enabled to make a living; while in suitable places hun¬ dreds more may be employed in factories.
(c) From the profits to forward the purposes of this Association.
(d) To be in every case a center of Indus¬ trial Missionary enterprise in connection with this Association.
^d. To receive gifts, or capital for in¬ vestment, or loans (on which reasonable in¬ terest will be paid), to be utilized for the general purposes of the Association, at the discretion of the Directors.
Just as the Student Volunteer Movement is intended to arouse Students all over the world to offer themselves and their varied talents definitely to Christ’s most honorable service, and assist them in so doing, so this Association appeals to laymen in general that they should as self-supporting industrial mis¬ sionary workers, capitalists or otherwise, co-operate with this Association.
This Association claims that the powerful agency of “ Industry,” or ‘'Commerce,” in any such branches as may be suitable, may and should be utilized as an auxiliary to ordinary missionary effort, and it exists for the special purpose of carrying this system into practical effect on righteous, up-to-date commercial principles, and for ap¬ pealing to commercial men for their co-operation.
It is hoped that the investments of this Association may become of recognized sta¬ bility, and that having reasonably remuner¬ ated all its investors and workers, it may become a source of power, financially and otherwise, toward the furtherance of the Gospel and in its own expansion.
To enable the Association to undertake effectively such pioneer work as may be needed in the general interests of interdenom¬ inational Industrial Missionary operations, the Directors appeal for generous gifts, and capital, for the general purposes of the Association.
A pamphlet, giving more detailed infor¬ mation concerning the objects of the Associa¬ tion, will be gladly forwarded on application.
Correspondence and suggestions are invited from all who approve the principles of the Association.
Remittances should be made to the Treas¬ urer, C. N. Talbot, 34 Pine Street, New York, and information as to loans, rates of interest, terms of repayment and other details, may be obtained on application to the undersigned.
H. W. FRY,
Foreign Mitsioni Industrial Association, 105 East 22d Street,
New Yoaa.
Kindiv pa$$ tbl$ on whon road
Quite in Line
with
Apostolic Precept
Not wholly new, but worth remembering.
By GEORGE K iriTTE.
914 H'ithtrspoon Building,
Philadelphia.
A Present Day Illustration
of
Paul’s Method of Missionary Procedure,
.\cts XX : 34. 35-
At the time the last Oecumenical Mission Conference was held in New York, five years ago. 1 was en route to the Indian tribes, living in that great and hitherto unexplored region lying between the Amazon and the southtrn limits of the three Guianas. When it is known that mail in those pans reached me only at intervals of from six to nine months, and had to be carried, for the most part, by Indian riinners. it will be understood why, in the mail parcels, as a rule, anything of a bulky nature had to be excluded, and for that reason the report> of the Mission Conference never came to my eye till my return to civilization last winter. Mowewi, a good thing never comes too late, and while the meeting, tc most of its participants, is probably now only a faint memory, its records c<jme to me witti the charm of entire freshness.
On reading them over. I have been particularly impressed with the half dozen reports emlmdied m the twenty-ninth chapter— on Industrial Missions— in which this phase of inissit)n work is very ably represented by missionaries from five difTereiil coimiric' under such significant headings as • In¬ dustrial training as cliaracter buihling. ’ “The in¬ dustrial que.slion ill \sia." ’'A burning (piestiim of to-day. ■■
I find, liinvcver. by occasional references to tliese articles, that their special iinportance seems to have l)een more or less lost in the mass of general Mis¬ sion information given in the two voliniies, and this cliscoNiry imist serve me as nn excuse for resurrecting at least one of the essays written for that occasion; I refer to the one by the Rev. I.. J. Frohnmeiei. of India, on "The Basle Industrial Missions."
The paper, unfortunately, arrived too late to be heard at tlic Conference, and hence necessarily failed to nuilvc that deeper impression which always results from a imsonal presentation by an interesting speaker. For the average reader, I fear, the printed report is too lengthy, and may have been passed over l)y some missionary students. This is all the more to be regretted as Mr. Frohnmeier handles his sulijeci in an interesting manner. Moreover, his essay has this added charm, that it does not deal with a theory, but presents the simple facts of the development and growth of a most remarkable work, allowing the readc* to draw his own conclusitms, yet leaving tipon all the impression tliat the paper deals, in a thorough-going manner, with one of the most burning 'imsiions which confronts modern mission enterprise.
IIIK lUSrORV OK THE WORK.
The Basle I'-vangelical Mi.ssion was led into this work l>y the biree of eircmiistances, The fact that many of ihiir eonverts. Iiy reason of their acceptance of Christianity, lost their caste ami social position, forced tile missionaries to consider and try various meth.nls through wlmh the believers might be einbb-tl to obtain the means of livelihood for thetn- 'clves \i iIh- these attetnpts at intlu.strial
w.*rk were directed by tite regnl.-irly .irdaiiud inis-
sioiiaries and one charm of Mr. Frolmmcier's re¬ count of this work is this, that he gives a faithful represenUilion. making nn attempt to disguise the fact that, in the beginning, these efforts were in no wise a success.
In 1852. the Mission Society sent out its chief inspector. Mr. Josenhans. to study the question on the fie'd, and Mr. Josenhans. on his return from India, strongly endorsed the work, pointing out. that its apparent failure was due only to insufficient means and to a want of properly qualified men. and not to any inherem defect in the idea itself.
The objection, which had been raised at home, on the plea that mission funds were sunk in unpro¬ ductive industrial enterprises, was met by a proposi¬ tion that this part of the mission’s work be under¬ taken by n separate committee, who should furnish their own funds, out of their own personal resources, and would agree ttj assume all financial respnosi- hililics. This was done, the committee raising a fund of three-qnarters of a million francs, divided into shares of 2500 francs each, and this sum has proven amply siiflicient for all the subsequent needs of the work Of its financial results, we shall speak later on; incidentally, we may here inenticn that one-half of the shares have, in the course of time, become the property of the mission by legacies, nnd are now held as the most valuabk asset which the Society holds, the real estate alone anioimling to very close on nine hundred per cent, on the capital invested.
THE (tELVTION- TO TIIK C.ENERAl. WORK OF THE MISSION.
In putting the Industrial Department on a thor¬ oughly business basis, it became a problem with
ils promoter*:, all of whom are carnc.st Christian men, to safeguard the movement in such a manner as to prev ent its ever f.alhng into the contr:.! of men who might look more to their own personal gain than to the higlier purposes of the mission, which the enterprise professed to aid. This was sccurcl l>y the voluntary ndoptif)n of a rule, by which tlie shareholders limited the maxiinum return im their e.-ipital to themselves to five per cent, per anmnn, and agreeing in a<lvance that all surplus, over an<l above this five |)er cent., should go to the general mission treasury. .A number of the members of the Industrial Mission Committee .ilso served on tlie Cfcncral Mission Board, and the General Mission Hoard has been permanently represented c.n tiu Industrial Committee by naming a certain number of c-x-officio ineniber.s. the President of the .Mis- sitmary Society and its chief inspector always being among them.
TiiF. eo.MMiiUi i.vL nR.xxeii.
-At first only niimufacluring industries were uikIvT- taken, Init the success of these, employing a great number of converts, first in India and later in Africa, soon demonstrated the necessity i-f engaging in mercantile operations n.s well. The purpose of these .are, first, to supply the foreign mission stations witii Rnro|)e:m goods: second, lei buy the raw material (or the use of the establislied mission factories; and lastly, to find a profitable market for the material |)roduced at the Mission work.
This part of the work dates from the year 1859.
Of the financial results of the work. Mr. Frohn- meier 'peaks with true German modesty, and the figures appended to this paper arc not taken from I he Conference reports, hut were obtained from the printed statements which have been furnished annii-
allj lo tlic shar'-hi)UliT«» l)y the Cuininittee's chici l;iisiiK->-s agent at Raslc for the last forty-five years.
TItli I’HOUI.KM S1.\TIiU.
Tile principles underlying the work are very clearly set iortli. It niay he well to bring out a few of them in Mr. I'rohnineier’s own words: “The help which our people receive can be compared in no way to alms. The wages are honestly earned, in most cases by b ird work. They arc in propor tion to the real market value of tile work. The esiablishmenls are expected to be self-supporting, to say the least. If the jieople are in need of alms, the poor fund of the congregation has to meet this need, and the industrial establishments are generous enough t-i give every year a liberal donation to these poor funds Brethren in charge of congre¬ gations sometimes confound industrial estahlish- ments with poor houses, expecting that the blind, the lame and the halt can be admitted and receive full wages, or that the people can be paid, not according to their work, but according to their needs. It stands to reason that such a system would not he husiness-likv. nor just, and furthermore, it would he demoralizing. On the other hand, it has always been our opinion that it is nur duty, not only to help our converts to keep soul and body together, but also !•» assist them to rise from an unworthy poverty to a position of comparative superiority in the midst of the non-Christian population, so as to tti.ible them to exert, by an enhanced p'lwcr of life, a wholesome influence on the whole nation, and to deint-nstrate the fact that Christianity is also the perfection of national economy, and that wlicrc- ever it ha-« been implanted and nourisheil. it has been conducive to the development of culture ami to the tran'formalion of all comlitions of life.”
TIC Al, l.liSSOS's; OK THEIR WORK.
Speaking .iboiit the results of their work. Mr. Frolinmcier points out that rven from the material ^idc the results must he viewed from a donlile staiulpoiiu. I hey are by no means measured by the number of factories established, and by the number of converts actually employed in them, but accounl should likewise be taken of the stimulus which tile example of the stations has imparted, and of the large number of men who have been encouraged to set up industries of their own by the teaching received at the stations, The example of dignified and ennobling self-help wbicli these estab¬ lishment’- are fostering, is one of the most encour¬ aging features of the Basie Society’s mission work, hotli in Hindustan as well as in Africa. Aliout the Society’s (jwii enterprises. .Mr. Frolmmcier signifi¬ cantly says: "W'e have not succeeded with any article in wliich we had trr compete with native manufac¬ turers or with goods imported from Europe. Our estahlishnieiits have jiaid their way by producing either (jiMe new article.s, or articles of superior <iuality. In this connecti'm, it may be interesting to know that the Kkaki cloth and color, first adopted by tlic Indian army, is an invention of one of llio Ba-le Industrial missuinarics. and the mis¬ sion faelories for a long time were the exclusive manufacturers of it. and on a contract supplied it to I he Indian Cnn-e-miunt. .\notlier fact, which has been einuhatically dcnioiistraled by the Society's experience <liiring the last forty-five years, is this, that no eiiti riirisi- ha> succeeded till its manage¬ ment wa'- taken in hand by trained Europeans, sent *mt from home to superintend the work. These lay workers are placed on an e<|Ual fooling with the ordained missituiaries. Their salaries in some cases are higher than tluxe given to the ordained men.
As regards their special work and in all questions of technique and commerce, they are responsible to the Industrial Mission Committee; hut in their personal relation, they are subject to the General Mission Hoard, exactly as are the teachers and preachers. Mr. Frohnmeicr admits that the per¬ centage of failures, as regards this class of workers, is slightly larger than that of the ordained mission¬ aries, but accounts for it by llie fact that the latter are required to undergo a probati(»nary period of from five to seven years (five at home and two m the field) — a plan which could not well he adtiptc<l for the industrial and mercantile workers.
In closing the report, special reference is mi<le i)f the fact that the industrial eiiterpri.scs engaged in by the Commiltec have proven themselves, under the blessing of God, of the utmost import, even in the directly spiritual work of the mission. Through It thousands have been reached and permanently added to the mission forces, who would otherwise hardly have been able to lead consistent Christian lives under the degrading circumstances in which the missi< n found them, and out of which they were helped through the means which the industrial work afforoed.
We now come to the financial results of the work, of which the Conference report speaks only inci¬ dentally. They woidd furnish justifiable ground for much boasting, if the Conimitlee had any inclination in tliat direction. An analysis of the accounts speaks volumes h>r the faithfulness and exactitude with which the work has been administered. Taking the report for the forty-third year (1902) as an ex¬ ample. the total receipts of the Committee are put down as 634, 50(1 francs. Of this sum, the !iom>- depol in Basle is credited with 215.527 francs. The mercantile operations netted 275.293 francs, and the
iiuhistries showed a profit of 143.685 francs. The dislnirsemeiits for th.e year total as follows:
Salaries and snpjxjrt of workers, including
those at home on furlough . 85.179
Pension Fund and conlrilnition to the
Widows’ Fund . 30.013
Allowance for the education of the children
of missionaries . _»8,8oo
Cost of administration, taxes and repairs... 39.563
Insurance, depreciation of buildings, etc... 84.587
Total . j68.i4->
The surplus, ainounting to 366.344 franc.s. which
represents nearly fifty per cent, on the capital in¬ vested. was divided as follows;
Five per cent, dividend on the capital of
750.000 francs . 37.500
Special grant for a new hospital at Hong
Kong . 50.000
lo tlic General Fund of the Mission S<»ciety J78.862
This is surely a most remarkable record. Its chief force, however, does not lie in the financial exhibit, nor yet in the fact that the Committee’s original investment of 750.000 francs has. in the course of these forty-five years, grown by its own earnings to a total of over six million and six hundred thou- .sand francs in real estate and marketable securities, but it lies in tbe practiial denumstration which these enterprises have furnishe<l. that under intelligent direction, and with comparatively little help, the native converts may he helped from a position of helpless dependence, to become self-respecting, self- supportitig and self-propagating coadjutors in the great work of .sprea<ling the Gospel and <»f Chris- tian civilization.
POSTSCKIl'T.
The Cominittee, recently organized, for the promotion of Industrial Missions, is already in receipt of many appeals from various fields for the establishment of similar work in connection with existing missions. There is no field where it is more urgently needed than it is in Armenia. It is needed there, first, to provide the means of livelihood to the orphans, taken in charge after the great massacre of 1894-05. who are now growing up: and secondly, to bring tlie most practical form of charity and the only kind which confers real and lasting amelioration to the .‘\rmcnian people in general. This consists in re-establishing industries and colonics, by which they may sustain themselves under sucli protection as will come to them when •inch work is under the auspices of a Society, whose property riglits are coming to be respected by both Turks and Kurds.
Further information may be obtained by addressing
MR, GEORGE R, WITTE,
Secretary,
914 Witherspoon Building,
Philadelphia.
India's
- - Secret - ^ ^ Disciples.
\/
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
/
/////////./////■/ /^
Praclical I))ethods \
'^hereby the Fatherless and Widows may be ^ ” visited, fed and clothed, and many of \ them won for the Lord Jesus : also ^ "Whereby India’s Secret Disciples may be en¬ abled to confess Christ openly with- ^ out losing their daily bread. /////////////// / /'^
THE
Industrial Evangelistic Mission,
OR
IN O R T M E R IN I IN D I A .
J’rusfees and l{eferees-
Mr. R C. MORGAN.
(Editor of " The Christian.") Pastor DAVID J. FINDLAY.
(The Tabernacle, Glasgow.) Mr. R. CALDWELL.
(Zambesi Industrial Mis^i .Mr HENRY VARLEY. Mr
(Evangelist.)
.Mr. A. S. DYER.
(Late Editor of Bombay Guardian.)
•Mr. WM. QUARRIER
(Orphan Homes ofScotland.) Rev. J. C. LAWSON.
(Founder of the Mission,) Mrs, LYDIA WALSHAW
B.C.A.) (Missionary Bureau, Halifai Mr. RICHARD CORY, J,l'.
Xondon Office:
NORFOLK STREET. STRAND, \V C.
jankers :
.Messrs, B.ARCLAY & Co., 19, Fleet Street, R C.
Secretary :
.Mr. CHAS. w. COTTON.
4
Cff “ Cal'- ”
I'TER ?.2 years of faithful service at Aligarh and elsewhere in the United Provinces of Agra and Oude, India, the Rev. J. C. & Mrs. Lawson feel that they have received An imperative call from God to undertake an entirely new work on industrial and interdenominational lines.
(As every Anglo-Indian knows, there are in India large numbers of converts who, if they cannot live at the e.vpense of the missions, simply roam about the country in a helpless condition. Their fellow countrymen will not employ them and do not pity them.
This state of affairs naturally lead to spiritual impover¬ ishment and is a serious menace to the cause of Christ.
The evil is great and growing ; the remedy must be prompt and effective).
5
When they removed to their new sphere of operations they took with them large responsibilites in the shape of three additional missionaries as well as a hundred and fifty boys and some thirty youths and workers all of whom may.be described as A legacy from the last famine.
Mr. & Mrs. Lawson and their large family have now been adopted by a Board of Trustees assisted by a Council in London. The following pages will explain
the nature and possibilities of the Industrial Settlement which has been established.
Mr. Lawson and his comrades are e.xperienced in the carrying on of successful industries, and, supported by the prayers and gifts of God’s i)eople they enter on their new labours with the utmost confidence.
Out Indiiit
KfUHtd by Mrt. LiXWlon
6
Sr-^-'Sr^-erer^'arO
Pilibbil £slalc.
1^ GLANCE at page 2 will at once indicate the exact position of Pilibhit, the present head-quar¬ ters of the New Mission.
On page 8 will be found a plan of the Estate, and a study of this will reveal how admirably it is situated both for Missionary and Industrial purposes. The plentiful supply of water and timber will always be a great boon.
Tlie laying-out and cultivation of the Estate and the erection of buildings for the manufacture of domestic requirements will rapidly increase the value of the land and property, thus amply securing all moneys invested m this enterprise, the sole end and aim of which is To win souls for Christ,
and to give employment to converts, widows and orphans for whom the Mission is responsible.
The Mission desires also to strengthen in the faith all the converts to pray and make request for them that they may be filled udth the ktmvledge of His U'ill in all spiritual understanding."
7
f'-'Sj-'Sr-'Sf-^f^Sr^Sj'^Sr^Sr^Sr^Sr^SrO
HE Estate at Mussoorie was secured as a hill-station,
at a veiy low price, far below its commercial value. It consists of
25 acres of forest and grazing land and includes a large and useful stone built house.
One primary use of the house will be as a Sanatorium for the missionaries (Thus obviating the heavy expense of frequent furloughs and costly journeys to and from the homelands) and dwelling house for the workers on the Estate. It will also be an Important centre for missionary work.
The grazing land will be used for dairy-farming. In due time branches of the carpentry and shoemaking departments will be opened.
To complete payment for the two Estates (48 acres, including buildings and wells) a sum of £2000 will be needed.
9
9 -Sr -Sf-Sr
BuiKJinss al Pilibftit. S-Af'—
Already erected.
Boys’ Houses in two sections of 14 rooms each. These are at present occupied by 150 boys, all orphans who were rescued from the famine.
Workers’ Homes in five sections of 4 rooms each. Now occupied by 14 families.
Missionaries' House. This is at present occupied by three workers who are assisting Mr. & Mrs. Lawson, and one room is taken up with the printing press and accessories.
To be Erected :
Workshops.
Engine-Shed.
Timber Sheds. Dwelling Houses.
a
s
<s-i
Industries flireadp £siablisl)cd
priiitt»9,
CflHoriiio. etc,, etc.
(3-^
€>
€?
£>
Cabinet Making.
This depxrtment is now busily occupied with work for
the Mission.
I ( bids fair to beone of the leading fea¬ tures owing to the near pro.ximity of some of the best hard¬ wood timber regions in India.
Tliere is practirally an unlimited output for Carpentry of all kinds, and the Indian Boy's natural aptitude fur such work is a great help.
Shoemaking.
The work now being executed in this de] artment is of excellent quality and style, and well suited to the
r e q u i r e- ments of Kuropeans who are al ready wear- ingthe Mis¬ sion-made shoes.
The de¬ mand for shoes is far
in excess of the present rapacity of the Mission, though 75 Orphan Roys are already kept constantly employed at this work.
Printing.
This department also promises to be a fruitful source of income. The work is well e.vecuted and has already
attracted many customers, who are ready to place large and regular orders immediately the additional machinery and type are available.
Tailoring, etc.
This is a very useful business and one which is capable of indefinite extension. At present most of the
o r k is needed for those resid¬ ing in the Settlemen t ; but much may be done for outside customers as the Mis-
Boys are also being trained as house-servants for Europeans, gardeners, cooks, &c.
C'-er'a-er-a-er^aHSrO
-WV'-
-'3ri
In order to evolve out of the existing excellent nucleus a thriving industrial colony, which would bec ome A centre of Missionary zeal
in the midst of 10,000 square miles of territory where no European Missionary has been at work, it will be necessary that the Mission should be generously sup¬ ported both by investments and by gifts until the Mission is sufficiently strong to earn its own support.
It is well-known that there are in India Many secret disciples
who would come out openly for Christ, but are prevented from doing so through the certainty of losing their employment and means of livelihood.
The Mission will seek to employ as many of these as its means will permit as also of those who compose the large army of socially ostracised and unemployed believers. There is room for many more workers in connection with the industries already established; but
4
as ihe Mission grows There are other branches of work which may be undertaken and carried on. These com¬ prise Tanning, Dairy-farming, Fruit-canning, Jam-making, Wool-weaving, etc.
There will be nothing to prevent the addition of these activities when the number of native converts exceeds the demands of the present departments, and when competent and skilled Christian men have been secured to take the oversight.
Experience has proved that what the Mission is now doing can be done with success from both the spiritual and industrial stand-point, so that it is with lonfidence that the Trustees and Council lay the needs of the Mission before God's people.
The first year’s expenses will be about £1.000 for the upkeep
of the 180 workers and orphans and the payment of the Missionaries.
The sum of ;^3 will pay for a year's training for one of the orphan boys.
Many of the workers will be occupied for some time to come in building the houses and work-shops needed
15
by the Mission, and will therefore have to be supported out of the Mission’s Funds.
A further £i,ooo will be required for Buildings, I'raction-engine, machinery and tools.
The Trustees and Council will gladly receive gifts for the carrying on of the Mission and hereby Make an earnest appeal to all who read this pamphlet to help according to their means.
Contributions may be sent to Mr. Chas. W. Cotton, Secretary, I. E. M., 30, Norfolk Street, London, W.C , to whom also all enquiries may be addressed.
A Pressing Necessity.
For cutting timber in the forest, and transporting It to the workshops, a Traction Engine of oboul la HP. Is needed, a so planing and saw mills arc required. These would be a great boon to the Mission during the initial stages of the work, when so many buildings are to be erected, and would always be valuable to the wood.work department.
The cost, Including freight. Is estimated at X^uo. The Trustees and Council would be glad if some friends would supply these.
i6
[ PRELIMINARY. J
PROSPECTUS I) APPEAL
or- THH rROrOSTD
LAGOS TRAINING COLLEGE
A.NU
INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE,
' '
''■'4k •.?'-«> 4-' i‘'7 f
»
A A
OF THE PROPOSED
LAGOS 1 RAINING COLLEGE
AND
INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE.
— — — —
It is well known that for many years there has been among the Natives of West Africa a general desire for a more thorough system of education for youth at home than at present exists, so as to preclude the necessity of their children incurring the risk and expense of long residence in Europe.
It has now been decided to make an earnest at¬ tempt to place within the reach of the youth am¬ ple means of physical and mental training.
It will no doubt always be necessary for a few to visit Europe for professional or scientific pur¬ poses, as young men from America visit England, France, and Germany to complete their education in certain branches ; but the majority must be trained at home, and the desire is to afford facili¬ ties for the best possible training on the spot.
It is hoped that this desideratum will be attain¬ ed by the establishment of
THE L.4GOS TR-AINING COLLEGE
- -\ND -
INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE.
The government of the College will be vested in
Board of Trustees witli the Governor of the Co- ' 'Uy as President ex-oficio.
There will be fifteen Trustees, three Europeans .rd twelve Natives. Six of the Trustees to be
appointed by the Governor, and nmc lobe cU-c.ed by persons who shall have contributed to the fund? for the initiation of the scheme the sum ol hive Pounds or upwards.
There will be two Departments— The Liteiai> and the Industrial. ■
It is proposed that the Principal of the College .hall be a man of first class ability and scholar-, .hip and that he shall receive a salary sufficient to induce such a person to come to this country to undertake the responsible work.
The Assistant Principal to be also of good scholarship and ability.
The head of the Industrial Department to be .,n experieneed and skilful artisan, with a compe¬ tent Assistant.
The branches to be taught in the hlerary de¬ partment will include Ancient and Modern Lan¬ guages, Mathematics, History, Mental and Moral Philosophy', and Natural Science.
The branches to be taught in the Industrial Dr-- Iiartment will include the various handicrafts, ami scientific and practical agriculture.
The two Teachers in each Department will con .litute the minimum Staff which would be requir¬ ed to begin the work ; later on, when expansion look place, additions would be rcciuired in the form of other Masters or Professorial chairs.
The qualifications to be required of students s"ekiim admission, the fees to be p ud, the estab- iishment of scholarships and other matters con¬ nected with the working details, will be sell led by the Board of Trustees as soon a.' possihl.i alu r their election. , . ■ , ,
It i? exp.-cted that .sulficicut bud fw intended
3
‘■■.perations wiii be obtained in jon-iC suitable locaii- tv trom the Government.
The present paper may be regarded as. a preli¬ minary Prospectus i.ssued with a view of calling the attention of the L.agos and other portions of ihe West African public to the important effort now being made in behalt of Africa and the Negro Race, and to solicit their interest and co-operation in the way of Donations and Subscriptions towards the initiation of the scheme. Donations from other Colonies or settlements on the coast will be thank¬ fully received, and the Donors will be entitled to certain privileges in the matter of scholarships, to he defined by the Rnard of Trustees according, to the amounts contributed.
As soon as the amount of sub.scrIptions slialf have reached the sum of /^i,ooo the contributors will be notified to meet for the election of nine mem¬ bers of the Board of Trustees. Contributors not able to bo present will be permitted to vote by proxy; the proxy to be a contributor.
■ It is proposed at the earliest practicable opper- tunity alter the election of Trustees to comment till: erection of l)uildin.gs on a scale adapted l > present wants, and on a plan capable of enlarge¬ ment as circumstances in.ay reiinirc.
If the sum of;^i,ooobc not serurril b-forcLli-- end of this year. -that is to s, ay, before Dccembu 31st Ibg6, and if there app-.'ar no re.t-a n.ibic pro.- pcct of raising the said amount so .m to .iilow 1 beginning to be made on the building'- in th-. earl\ part of tile dries of iSqy, with an assuir.m i i.i eon: jiletion. the niomvs coutrilui'.cd wll bi ri liirnid 1 ' the contributors not one penny li whicb will used for anv pri.hminiirv expenses
The o''jrr: I ’,,-nght fuT.-ird in I'li; IVo ipnctc
4
has a claim upon the Public not only because in¬ dividual interest will be promoted by it and an en¬ lightened national policy carried out, but because it is a scheme of comprehensive patriotism and benc\-olence, having in ^'iew the welfare of the Ne¬ gro race everywhere.
It is hoped that all Africans interested in the welfare of their country will come forward and as¬ sist to the utmost extent of their means in the es¬ tablishment of this most desirable enterprise, which is recognised amongst all intelligent and thought¬ ful Africans to be the most urgent need of the Race.
His Excellency Sir Gilbert T. Carter, k.c.m.g., Govecnor and Commander-in-chief of the Colony of Lagos and its Protectorates, is in entire sympa¬ thy with the scheme and will give it his earnest support. In a communication dated June lo, 1896, referring to a previous communication dated June Sth in which he had reconunended the co-opera¬ tion in starting the scheme of all the West African Colonies, the Governor says:
“ My idea ia suggesting tlic co-operation of the Colonies was not that the inauguration of the scheme should be de¬ pendent uiX)n any promised support that might be obtained outside of Lagos ; but 1 had in view an ideal Institution ha^'- ing a national cltaiacter based upon the support and patron¬ age of the Natives of all the British Colonies in West Afiica. And I still think iLat if such an idea could be carried out it would be creditable to the Race.
But if it is found impracticable, this should not prevent the people of Lagos from nvaking an independent effort on a scale suited lo die importance of such an undertaking as is in com- Icmpkuioii and within the compass of their resources ; ami 1 am sure if they can initiate the scheme with a reasonable prospect of its successful prosecution, the Seciolury of State will not be indisposed lo give careful consideration to any application they may make fot the co-operation and assist ance of the Govcrnuxcnl.
5
bo tar as I am pyisuxially conceuiLd, i prefer ihul the In¬ stitution should be called “The Lagos Training College and Industrial Institute ; ” and I should like to see the Colony en¬ joy the honour of having successfully established the first purely Native College in West Africa. I will give the scheme niy earnest support. This you may state in the Prospectus.
All letters relating to the above should be ad- dressed to the Honorary Secretary, John P. Jack- son, Esq., Editor Lagos Weekly Record.
Contributions will be thankfully received and acknowledged in the local newspapers by the Ho¬ norary Treasurer, Mr. K. B. Blaize.
COMMITTEE.
[. W. CoLU, Esq.,
R. 13. Blaize, Esq.,
J. s. Leigh, Esq.,
Otonba Payne, Esq.,
]. A. Savage, Esq..
|)it. Mojola Agbebi, foHN P. Jackson, Esq.
1 tiatt. J
Broad Sircci. W«i Coasl Afticj.
AGRICULTURAL RECIPROCITY
BETWEEN
America and China
A Contribution Toward Economic Development and Permanent Famine Rdief
TRUSTEES
Office, 150 Fi/th Avenue, New York SiUtCUBi, Macavlbv Jackson, D.D., L,L.D.. PreaLdent CaAUBS A. Stoodaka. D.D., LL.D., Vlce-Prcaldent W. Hkkrv Gkant. Secretary and Treasurer Wasaen P. Laikd, Sc.D.
L. B. Miller
Franqs S. Puraner
David Buobnb Suitu. PIi.D., LL.D.
Tint PRESIDBNT OK THB COLLBGB, tx-officio.
FINANCIAL SECRETARY
Rbv. Hkrdbrt B. HomB, 1S6 Fifth Avenue, New York: 1723 West Slit Street, Los Angeles, California
ADVISORY BOARD
HoK. JouN W. Fosrsa, LL.D., Washington, D.C.
Hon. Sktii Low, LL.D., New York
Rbv. W. a. P. Martin, D.D., LL.D., Peking, Chiu
Rbv. Cuarlbs R. Brdman. D.D., Princeton, N. J.
Frank Morton McMurrv, Ph.D., Columbia Uolvervlty, New York Edwin J. Gillibs, New York
Rbv. Harlan P. Bbaoi, Yale Unlverilty. New Haven, Conn.
Rbv. Tiiossas W. Pbarcs, M.A., Hongkong, Chiu Rbv. R. H, Graves, D.D.. LL.D.. Canton. Chiu Hon. Amos P. Wilder. Ph.D., Shanghai. Chiu
FACULTY
CoUeit Address, Honglok, Canton, China Cuarlbs K. Edmunds. President. Physics. Ph.D. Johu Hopldu Andrew H. Woods. VIce-Prealdeat. M.D. Unlveraltyof PeauylvRnU W. K. Cmmo, Dean. Department of Chlneae, M.A. Chinese Government Hbnrv B. Graytull. Principal Preparetory School. A.B. Washington and Lee. M.A. Columbia
CLiwroN N. Laird, Chemistry. M.A. University of Pennsylvania Chbvtbr G. Fubon, Geography and Drawing, B.A. Emporia O. Wbioman GRors, Agriculture, B.Sc. Pemuylvnnla State College Abtuur Rusrbl Knirf. Phyalcs and Engineering, BA. Johu Hopldu. B.S. Masaachusetu luUtute Teclmology
Wiurbd B. MacDonald, Mathematics. A.B. University of Taaseuee, MA. Hsvard
Henry C. Brownrll. Illstory and Bible. B.A. Unlveivlty of Vermont On leave u Rhodea SeboUr. Osford. bNOT JOBRSH Wbbo. BA.. Uamllloa Cbari.u Mall Wicbr, BA. Coradl Kbnnbtm Duncan, A.B. Wabash College Prank Starr Wiluakb. B.& Mlllsaps CoUege
Agricultural Reciprocity
BETWEEN
America and China
Agricultural Reciprocity Promoted through the Canton Christian College Department of Agricultural Investigation, Education and Practice
BULLETIN No. 5
By GEORGE WEIDMAN GROFF
TRUSTEES OF T HE CANTON CHRISTIAN COLLEGE 150 FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK
PRESS OF
Sowers Printing Company Lebanon, Pa.
CONTENTS
Intensive A{;kiculture in America and China
Compared . 5
Extensive Agriculture in America and China
Compared .
The Opportunity for Mutual Helpfulness. ... 20
America Must Take the Initiative . 23
The Canton Christian College: . 23
Location . 2!)
Climate . 2!'^
Agricultural Conditions . 20
Field . 27
Opportunity . 27
Needs . 2S
The University Medical School . 2S
The Agricultural Department in ime Canton
Christian College . 2<S
Suggested Fields for Service:
Dairy and Stock . 32
Agronomy . *13
Forestry . 33
Horticulture . 33
Agricultural Chemistry . 33
Agricultural Extension . 34
Irrigation and Drainage . 34
Landscape Architecture . 34
Agricultural Education . 3.5
The Opinion of an Expert Agriculturist . 3.5
The Pennsylvania State College Mission to
China . 37
Letters from Chinese Students . 39
CANTON CHRISTIAN COLLEGE STUDENTS ENGAGED IN SCHOOL GARDEN WORK.
Many of iho students prefer this form of exercise and nearly all are lovers of plant life. They possess uii Intui¬ tive knowk-dge of each Individual need and characlerlsile of the KionlnB plant, but they lack the sclentlflc tralnluR that will make proftress In the agricultural development of their country pofslt’le. The Chinese are looking to the Canton Chrlatlnn College to provide this training.
AGRICULTURAL RECIPROCITY between
AMERICA AND CHINA
A New Era in Agricultural Development Has Suddenly Appeared
America has what China lacks and needs — exten¬ sive AGRICULTURE.
China has what America lacks and needs — inten¬ sive AGRICULTURE.
The American farmer invariably thinks of his field.
The Chinese gardener is concerned about his plant.
In point of agricultural development each has some¬ thing to get and something to give.
Intensive Agriculture in America and China Compared.
An intensive system of cultivation and the strictest economy of plant food make it possible for the Chinese to sustain a large population on a comparatively small area of cultivated land. The scantiness of the living thus gained and the ever-present spectre of famine are not due so much to the lack of intensive farm methods as to the need of agricultural extension and means of transportation.
A mere glimpse at the land under cultivation convin¬ ces one of the success of the Chinese gardener, and gives a vision of what can some day be done when scientific knowledge and labor-saving machinery form part of his equipment.
INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE IN CHINA Flolda ncljolnliig Canton CHrlallan ColloBe propprtj-. which have been ridged for looks and other winter vegetables. The sides of each bed have been carefully smeared with mud to prevent evaporation, and water Is always kept In the trenches. The Jars In the foreground ap used for storing night soil, all of which Is carefully saved and fed to plant life. Lychoo trees and Junks lino the river banks.
An intuitive knowledge of each individual need and characteristic of the growing plant has made possible the Chinese gardener’s success. He has inherited this through centuries of close, almost loving observation of plant life. Encouraged by this natural perception, he applies only the best practices in the economy of plant growth. He cheerfully e.vpends any amount of time ami ettergy. in order that the need of each plant may be promptly met. Early and late, at all periods of the plant’s growth, he is deeply concerned for its greatest welfare.
In China seed-time and harvest are always accom¬ panied by special diligence and rejoicing; but with the Chinese these are not the periods that demand the most careful thought and effort.
Each seedling plant, be it grain, vegetable, or fruit, is
started in a nursery environment. The seed, whether large or small, strong or weak, must germinate under none but the most favorable conditions. The seed-bed is therefore chosen with studious care for sunlight and exposure. Its soil is specially prepared, and water in sufficient quantity is provided. After the seed has been sown, the soil, which is rarely rich in itself, is coated with plant ashes, which have been carefully saved from burned grass, the princi¬ pal source of fuel.
Only after the bed has been evenly covered with a mulch of rice straw has the work of providing the little plant’s start in life been completed.
Meanwhile fields beyond are teeming with plant life; for, to secure enough food for so many, sunshine and space must be used to the utmost. When plants are young, they' are crowded in the nursery bed. The harvesting of one crop is alw'ays followed by the imme¬ diate planting of another. A person often sees three or four crops growing in the same field or bed. The weed, that universal enemy' of our American farmer, is seldom thought of in China: ages ago it was exterminated as a useless space consumer. The closest economy of sun¬ light and water is thus observ'ed. The Chinese have un-
RICE EIEEDS SOI'TH OP COLLEGE GROUNDS. A VII^LAGE IS NESTLED AMID THE TREES.
consciously applied a scientific truth that has but re¬ cently been impressed upon the minds of the American agriculturists by one of our foremost scientists, Dr. Henry P. Armsby, who says: “The problem of food supply is in essence a problem of energy supply.. .The density of population which a country can support from its own resources is practically limited by the amount of solar energ>- which the farmer can recover in food products.’’
The Chinese know that sun¬ shine and water are not enough, that as surely as men must be fed. their plants must be fed also. The Chinese farmers could not name for you the essen¬ tial plant foods, nitrogen, phos¬ phorus, and pot¬ assium. but they know the valua¬ ble raw materials which contain these elements and which feed the plants, and they also know in what stage of the plant’s development each kind of food is needed. During the days of soil preparation and seed¬ sowing they are busily collecting and keeping under the most favorable conditions the raw materials that contain these elements.
They are adepts in processes of fermentation that make the plant foods available for immediate assimila- 9
BEDS OP CANTON GINGER.
In America this product Is marketed In the preserved or sugared form. A crop watcher’s hut Is In the center of the scene and bamboo trees ore In the background. In the spring of the year the young tender shoots of this tree are marketed os "bam¬ boo sprouts" which to the Chinese Is as much of a delicacy as asparagus Is to us.
tion by the plant. The large earthenware jar in which human excrement is stored is conveniently located with reference to road and field, and is deemed as important to successful gardening as is the manure or plant com¬ post pile. Sometimes this same jar is used for dissolving the peanut or bean cake, which consists of the residue
This the Chinese recognize to be rich in plant food, but it should not be fed tothe plant before it is dis¬ solved and made ready for assimi¬ lation.
The many ponds scattered here and there o\'er the land and often used for irrigation are pru¬ de ntly stocked with fish; and during the dry season, when the water is low, the mud of the pond, which is then rich in fertilizing ma¬ terials from the by-product of fish life, is smeared over the gardens, or dried and broken into small clods, and either scattered over the field or used in potting.
To the mind of the Chinese the soil is therefore not a mine of untold natural wealth. It is rather a machine into which the raw materials should be fed, and from which will then come the finished product of plant life. The Chinese dignify their gardeners with the title “fa
left after the oil has been extracted.
A VILLAGE POND
This U II most Important feature of every vllliiKe vommunlly In that It Is used for IrrltcntlnK «nd Is the only source of sew- ngi' disposal. Yearly It Is stocked with riKl) and planted with lotus lilies, the seed and roots of which nro used as food. Sur- rouniied hy hamhoo trocs, with pagoda in the distance, this pond forms an attrac¬ tive feature of the landscape.
wong", or ‘‘flower king”; with such dignity the worth of expert gardeners should be universally recognized.
America is only now awakening to the necessity of soil conservation and a more intensive agriculture, in the past the wealth of her soil has been wasted ; farms that were once productive have been abandoned; and enriching fertilizing materials have been thoughtlessly
MOUNTAIN-SIDE RICE PATCHES These are built into steps for IrrlRtUlng and to prevent the washlnK away of the soli.
turned into the rivers, a practice that has starved plant life, polluted the rivers, and poisoned the people. The average American farmer has lacked the patience to study the individual characteristics of his plants. But the time has come when he must follow the example of his brother across the seas and become more deeply con¬ cerned about these things, converting many of his neg¬ lected fields into veritable gardens.
In China, where such intensive methods of cultivation are employed, it is natural that plant life should take on its highest forms, and that certain districts should be noted for the production of specially attractive types. The Amoy pomelo or grape fruit, the Watlam orange, and the Lau Chau plum are all illustrations of n
this fact. As one iras'els over the country, how interest¬ ing it is to note distinct changes in variety. How strange to find in one district a large, juicy, highly-flavored pomelo, while in the district adjoining, where the soil and climate are almost identical, a pomelo of very inferior quality. The result is not surprising. In China there is no end to varieties, but few of them have ever been systematically brought together and propagated; and yet
SOUTH CHINA FRUITS
Tlio poar-Bhaped pomelo (gmpe frulO In tlie background to the left and the lai'Ro porsln\mon In the foreground are especially worthy of our (itudy and Introduction Into the Ignited States. On the right the lychce and lung-ngonn (dragon-eye) are fruits no variety of which has i-vrr been successfully Introduced Into the United States.
many are worthy of the study of the various horticultural agencies throughout the world. The practical agricul¬ turist can well ponder over the words of Mr. David Fairchild, agricultural explorer in charge of the foreign exploration work of the United States Department of Agriculture, when he says, “We have come to look upon China as a 'gold mine’ of plant possibilities and to realize that an agricultural study of its crops and cropping systems must be made much more extensive than any¬ thing we have done heretofore . . . ”
12
The American farmer is fortunate in having a govern¬ ment that maintains specialists whose business it is to study plant types, and then to advise him as to those which are best adapted to the conditions under which he labors. He can well afford to purchase his seed from seedsmen whose reputation is dependent upon the suc¬ cess of their product. And his orchards are all planted from nursery-grown stock. This custom in itself main¬ tains the distribution of only the most carefully selected and budded plants.
Contrast this with the practice in China, where seed must be privately grown or purchased without any defi¬ nite guarantee that it will produce a plant of a specified type, and where the gardener cannot be certain that he is planting a tree of first-class quality unless he himself has done the budding or layering. The Chinese do not have a knowledge of even the elementary principles of Mendel’s Law of Heredity, and have accomplished little in systematically developing new varieties, or even fix¬ ing the old types.
In China there is therefore much to be done for agricul¬ tural development by a study and fixation of the Chinese types of plant life and by the organization of the seed and nursery business.
Extensive Agriculture in America and China Compared.
With an intensive agriculture that excels that of any other nation, and with plant forms that indicate the de¬ velopment of a high type of agriculture, China is never¬ theless constantly confronted with scarcity and famine; and the Christian people of America and other lands are frequently called upon for relief.
While the immediate causes of these famines are floods and droughts, both the result of deforestation, permanent relief can be immediately effected by better means of transportation, by more comprehensive 13
OLD METHODS OF TRANSPORTATION IN CHINA Passenger Traffic
THE SEDAN CHAIR,
used on country trips, and built of light bamboo for speed, is attended by two or tliree benrors.
OLD METHODS OF TRANSPORT ATION|IN CHINA Freight Traffic
niYEn TnAXSPORTATION rrtwine a load of wond up Jh? tvarl rJv^r.
TRANSPORTATION ON LAND A ChJn^*^ woman of Hawka cla«« carry- inK a load of frra55 lo the village where It la u»ed for fuel.
schemes of drainage, and by an agricultural expansion leading to the development of vast tracts of uncultivated land. A complete system of railway communication for all parts of the Chinese Empire has already been planned, and American and European capitalists are ready to furnish the money. These railways will be built as soon as the present upheaval in government policies has subsided. Red Cross Society engineers liave been at work on specifications for a system of dykes that will minimize the destructive force of devastating floods. The more progressive Chinese are beginning to direct their attention to outlying tracts of land, and a number of companies, interested in agricultural development, ha\-e been organized for the purpose of actually under¬ taking the ranch business, or the growing of grains on an extensive scale.
HAKROWINO A RICE PIELL)
Ths waUr l>u(Tn1o (cnribou). and ocoaslonally a little yellow cow. are Ihr only draft nnlmnl*. No dairy breed of cattle ba* ever been pro¬ duced. but forelgnera sometimes use the milk of this caribou.
In China, at the present time, nearly all the work is done b>’ hand with crude and clumsy implements, and on land frequently subject to severe flood and drought.
The plowing is shallow, and the soil is often poorly broken up. The cattle industry is only in an elementary stage of development. Fertilizing materials are scarce; the rock or manufactured fertilizers are rarely used. The fight against insect pests and plant diseases is carried on largely by hand.
T1LL.\BLE LAND
not belns cumvitod bccau.e or the lack ol IraneportaUon and the
knowledge of exlenslve agriculture. Large tracts of IMs land now He waste? awaiting the Introduction of labor-saving machlner> and Improved methods of agriculture.
There is a general belief that all the territory of China is in an intensive state of cultivation. On the contrary, vast stretches of land remain to be worked by new methods, it is known that “there is enough wheat land in northern China to make a second Minneapolis out of Harbin. And if the by-products of the soy bean were to be fed to cattle grazed on the wild grass lands of Mongolia. Mukden would soon develop into a second Chicago meat-packing center, and Manchuria would stand in the front rank erf meat-producing countries."
What is true of the north is likewise true of the west and the southwest. in this connection, a study of the
17
compnrative density of population in different parts of the Empire is interesting. The coast provinces have an average of 434 persons to the square mile; the Yang-tse river provinces, 465; the southwest provinces, 89; Tibet, 14; Mongolia, 2; and Manchuria, 25. The average population in the United States is about 26 persons to tlie square mile.
Even though the Chinese follow so many good prac¬ tices in the management of the soil actually under culti¬ vation, the fact that large areas of Chinese territory have been left untouched, in many cases to suffer the ravages of flood and drought, is proof enough that systematic effort in soil preservation has been lacking.
Probably no farm practice among the Chinese is more harmful than that of cutting away, from their upland areas, the grass that has grown during the wet summer weather. This is carried to the village, where it is used as fuel, and it is then returned to the soil in the form of ash rather than in the decomposed state. Thus the soil is yearly robbed of humus. Still more serious is the harm that comes with the heavy rains of spring, because there is no fully developed plant life to break their force. In a few years torrential floods wash away the soil which it has taken ages to form.
In t'hina much of the soil a short distance below the surface shows every indication of retaining valuable plant food. This is due to the shallow plowing practiced by the farmers, for which their primitive plows are largely responsible. By plowing the soil deeper with more motlern plows, great quantities of plant food may yet be obtained and utilized in the production of crops.
If China is to enter to-day upon an industrial develop¬ ment which will draw large numbers of her agricultural population from the villages to the industrial centers, and which will therefore demand the introduction of labor-saving farm methods, her industrial program must include an agricultural expansion that will develop her uulouchetl regions ami forever do away with want and IS
famine. Such agricultural expansion will raise the stan¬ dard of living and open the way to Christian civilization.
For scientific knowledge and expert direction in this momentous movement China looks to America, whose experience and skill in this type of agriculture are widely known. The phenomenal agricultural development of the North American Continent has resulted in methods which aim mainly at the saving of labor. To the Chinese of the past econo¬ my in labor has been thought un¬ worthy of consid¬ eration; to those of the future it will be of vital consequence.
Inasmuch as America has what China needs for this new period of her development, we should be unselfish in giving immediately t o the peasantry of China the knowledge of more modern agricultural methods. By actual demon¬ stration they must be taught the inferiority of their clumsy hoe. They must see with their own eves the value of the sub-soil plow and even of the steam-plow. Their buffalo cow must give place to a more nKjdern draft animal, or yield entirely to the work of machinery. The Chinese gardener can no longer depend upon a hand warfare against insect pests and plant diseases; he must resort to spraying. And the increased production resulting from the use of com¬ mercial fertilizers must be firmly impressed upon his mind by actual demonstration.
By agricultural instruction and investigation American
in
HARVE.STING RICE As soon as Ihe griiln Is cut It Is nailed hy grasping the of the sheaf and
beating the heads against a board fastened to a tub-shaped receptacle, into which the grain falls. The straw Is used os fuel or as a mulch for growing crops.
A KWANO-SI FARMER.
hlii wlfo, son, and servant. His son Is being educated In a modern sobool.
farmers ha\’e been greatly blessed. They should be willing to transmit their blessings to others. We look outward and forward to the peaceful agricultural con¬ quest of other peoples. In the United States practical labor-saving methods have been introduced and per¬ fected until only 39 per cent of our working poi)uIation. according to the census of 1900. were engaged in the pro- tluction of crops: whereas it is estimated that in China from SO to S") per cent are thus engaged. We are moving forward with great irrigation and drainage projects, which are developing large areas of our unused territory, and which will make us capable of advising China as she ex- [lands in her agricultural development.
The Opportunity for Mutual Helpfulness 'I'lKlay, as ne\er before. America realizes the necessity for conservation and concentration in agricultural de¬ velopment. The farm machine will keep its place: but man must still do his share in thought and effort if the newls of the people are to be supplied. Scientific knowUxlge is not enough: it must be applied. America
can well afford to look to China for a study of the methods there employed, and for a knowledge of the varieties of plants that have been grown by the Chinese for many centuries. A blessing will thus be ours in any effort that we make to intermingle with the Chinese. Amer¬ ican and Chinese farmers ean each teach the other some useful lessons.
China is a country chiefly of farmers and villagers, whose lack of contact with the outside world and with human progress has kept them from enjoying all the possibilities and blessings of life that await them. In China village life is probably more important and in¬ fluential than in any other country in the world. The rural population is therefore the best point of contact for a lasting influence upon the people.
The integrity of China, which means peace in the Far East, is dependent in a large measure upon her increase in agircultural production at the very time that new
A TYPICAL CHINESE VILLAGE.
the center rif farm life. The open court In front of the temple and the pond, as tn the lower left-hand corner of this picture, are promi¬ nent features of almost every village. The houses are built of a mud compost with tiled roofs, and the streets are narrow.
21
industries are lieing introduced and developed. Such de- velo|>ment will be impossible without the introduction of modern education and practice. The industrial centers will ilraw large numbers of the rural population to the cities and towns, which will necessitate the introduction of machinery and of scientific knowledge of agriculture in order to increase agricultural production. To do away with the present constantly recurring famines and
at the same time
reduce the agri¬ cultural popula¬ tion. China must adopt modern methods of agri¬ culture and de¬ velop the large areas of now un¬ cultivated land.
In order to carry on in China any scientific agricultural de- veU)pment, and make its applica¬ tion effectual, it will be necessary to train Chinese agriculturists and teachers. At the present time a thoroughly modern scientific agricultural training cannot be obtained in C'hina. .A few of the Chinese are studying the subject abroad, but not under conditions well adapted to China. The present need is therefore for a strong School of •Agriculture located within Chinese territory. The Agricultural Mission to China is timely and important.
America Must Take the Initiative At this time of crisis in China, will America prove the friend that China needs? In the past we have exerted a beneficial influence upon the Chinese Empire. We have not encroached upon her territory, but have stood for her integrity as a nation. We have remitted the Boxer indemnity for the education of her youth. Within her own territory we have sought to help her through the Christian chapel, school, and hospital; and in time of flood and famine have sent generous supplies of food and clothing. But at this time of China’s still greater need of education and of agricultural and industrial develop¬ ment, America should take the part of the big brother and help China to her feet.
FIRST PERM.VNENT DORMITORY OF THE OANTON CHRISTIAN COLLEGE
Thl.« bulldlfiK was butU wllh funds subMilbi-d by the Chinese. They have bulH another of this s«a.nie type, and money has been sub¬ scribed for still a third bulldlnir. The KradliiR and layout of walks Is preparatory to the plnnllnB of trees and .shrubs and the development of the college campus. The students are at evening drill.
The Canton Christian College The Canton Christian College is an undenominational, Christian, missionary institution, under a Board of Trustees, incorporated under the Regents of New \'ork State, with assets of $200,000 and a yearly budget of about $25,000. Its work is elementary, preparatory,
Second Permanent Dormitory First Permanent Temporary Wlilte Cloud MAi-Hn Hail "Gould” and ‘•McCormick"
(In course ot conslriicilon) Dormitory BulldlnKS Mountain ‘ SlalT Residences
PANORAMIC VIEW OF CANTON CHRISTIAN COLHEOIC PROPERTY-
These are now await CO
THE CANTON CHRISTIAN COLLEGE SITE buildings were hastily built with walls one brick thick, and being replaced by the permanent buildings. The grounds insiderable grading before the campus can be developed.
collegiate, and technical, with about 200 students and a faculty of 14 American and 18 Chinese professors and instructors. There are six permanent buildings and a campus of 48 acres located across the river from Canton.
"The proposed Agricultural Department in that noble in¬ stitution, the Canton Christian College, may be of great service in bringing about, between our agriculture and that of China, a bene¬ ficial exchange of points of superiority.
"Such a Department will eventually be able to give practical aid to Chinese farmers and to open a path of hope to educated young men, eager to promote the economic regeneration of their countr>’. Nothing could be suggested more likely to convince the Chinese of our good-will and to dispose them to listen to whatever wc offer them in the way of moral or religious ideas."
From a letter by Professor Edward A. Ross. Professor of Sociology in the University of Wisconsin.
Location. The Canton Christian College is located at Canton, the commercial, literary, and official metro¬ polis of South China, with a population of 1,500,000, situated ninety miles up the Pearl river from Hongkong, ft is the nearest Chinese city to American territory in the Philippines.
Climate. South China has the most advantageous climate in all China for agricultural effort. The two Kwang provinces are traversed by the line of the Tropic of Cancer, and there is found and grown there a wide
range of temperate and tropical plants. The climate permits of the growth of plants throughout the entire year, and live stock demands but little attention in the way of protection from the weather.
Agricultural Conditions. Kwang Tung and KwangSi are primarily agricultural provinces. The former is cultivated intensively, and the latter extensively. Kwang Tung has an area of 100,000 square miles and a
SIN’KINO AN ARTESIAN WEUL ON COLLEGE GROUNDS
dense population of .‘110 persons to the square mile. W arm climate, abundant moisture in season, and fertile soil in the lower areas, together with the plant-lo\ing and industrious habits of the people, make it the most produetiNC section in the Empire, if not in the world. Here are produced rice. silk, sugar-cane, indigo, tea, tobacco, and a wide variety of temperate and tropical vegetables, grains, and fruits.
Kwang Si. with an area of 77,220 square miles, is the most sparsely populated [)ro\ ince of the country, esti¬ mates showing onl\ sixt\ -six persons to the square mile.
2G
The province is abundantly watered by three streams, which comprise three water basins, each of which is only very partially developed. Kwang Si is known as “the granary of Kwang Tung”; here are grown paying crops of wheat, rice, millet, maize, and buckwheat. This province produces about the same fruits and vegetables that are found in Kwang Tung, though they are often of quite a different variety.
In both these provinces, though especially in the latter, vast tracts of uncultivated land remain to be de¬ veloped. When the proposed railroads are built, there can be no doubt that these two provinces will be called upon to largely supply the market needs of the north.
Field. The field is practically untouched in the work of agricultural education and investigation.
Opportunity. There is a widespread desire for know¬ ledge of western agricultural methods. Agricultural investigation and development are possible because of the progressive character of the Cantonese people. “No single agency can compare with the superior advantages offered by Christian education to mould the new civilization of China’s millions.”
A SWIMMING <*ONTEST
No Canton Christian College student Is permitted to row on the river unless he can swim at least Hfty yards. The tree* In the back¬ ground are those of the lychee. a fruit ' of America often presents to "Chinese nut* "
MARTIN HAUL
with students and teachers assembled on verandas. This Is a reinforced concrete building. It Is Are. ant and typhoon proof.
Needs. The Agricultural Department of the Canton Ciiristian College needs the hearty cooperation of American agricultural colleges and experiment sta¬ tions, and of all friends of agricultural development in its effort to establish a thorough course of Agricultural Education and Extension, including buildings, equip¬ ment, teachers, and funds for the running expenses of the department.
The University Medical School. The University Medical School is an institution closely affiliated with the Canton Christian College, maintained by the Chris¬ tian Association of the University of Pennsylvania, for the purpose of graduating skilled Chinese physicians, thoroughly trained in western scientific medicine. It has assets to the amount of §23,500 and a yearly budget of about §11,000. Its staff consists of six American and two Chinese professors and instructors.
The Agricultural Department in the Canton Christian College
For several years the Canton Christian College has been endeavoring to establish an Agricultural Depart¬ ment. It has received substantial assistance from the
WAI.KIXO PARTT OF OAKTOX CHRISTIA
rOM.KOK STI’DEXTS
i»l«- *n > ■ ri for ■..,=^rr*.atlf>i
comttirilne tbeir «du?:
Pennsylvania State College Young Men’s Christian Association toward the support of a teacher of agricul¬ ture. Elementary agricultural education has been in¬ troduced in the preparatory school, and experimental gardens for observation and practice have been estab¬ lished on the College grounds, investigations of the agricultural needs and possibilities of the two Kwang Provinces have been carried on, and some plants have been introduced into China and others into America.
CULTIVATED LAND .\DJ01NING CANTON CHRISTIAN COLLEGE PROPERTY
which U proposes to purchase for agricultural purposes. This land Is fertilo and carefully graded off Into beds, each at a level of from one to three feet above the other so os to provide for Irrigating. Note the cement whlto-ont proof fence posts and barbwlro fence at the base of tito photograph, which mark the boundary of the college property. The trees in the upper right-hand corner hide the village of Sun Pang Wong. Crop-watchers’ thatched huts are scattered hero and there over the land.
W ith this Start the College is now in a position: —
1. To advance its agricultural investigations by in¬ troducing American methods adaptable to China, by showing what Chinese methods are adaptable to America, by furnishing American plants and animals adaptable to China, and by introducing into the United States Chinese plants and animals adaptable to America.
I’liolo. fr«>ni r. S. Dept, of Ajjr-
ZIZANJA LATIFOLIA. CHINESE WILD RICE OR “KAU SUN.” Chimwe Wild lUcc.
This plant, photographed In the green-houses of the Department of Agriculture at Washington, Is one of a number brought Into the United States, under the supervision of the Canton Christian College, by one of their former students. Mr. Chan Chow.
The American species of wild rice is strictly an annual, reproducing Itself only by seed. The Canton plant is a perennial, reproducing It¬ self chiefly by rhlromes. This Canton species has never been observtd to produce seed under cultivation except In the Washington cultures, where this one plant has grown several panicles, one of which Is fle«n at the top of the stem In the upper right hand corner of the photo- graph-
“Kau Son” — A Chinese Vegetable.
In China the solid base of the stem of this wild rtce plant is gath¬ ered in early spring when it Is still very tender, cut Into pieces two to three inches long, and marketed as a substitute for "bamboo sprouts." It Is highly relished for Its peculiar richness and delicacy of flavor. Westerners boll It and serve It with melted butler or with a cream dressing. The Chinese prefer It stewed wKh meat.
2. To promote its agricultural education in its Lower and Upper Scliools, and to instruct the peasantry of China through lectures and demonstrations; and, through the circulation of pamphlets and bulletins, to inform the agriculturists of other lands what China has learned by ages of intensive cultivation.
3. To establish agricultural practice. Its own stu¬ dents are working in the gardens. It is preparing to establish nurseries and gardens for the fi.King and pro¬ pagation of the best varieties, and is lending aid to Chinese agricultural development companies.
Suggested Fields for Service
Dairy and Stock. Agricultural development in China has been chiefly lacking in the domestication of animals. The use of milk would greatly improve living conditions both among natives and foreigners.
A TRANS!‘ORTABLE ni’CK FARM .\ Hock of tlila ajto in cured for by one or two ntit<*ndHnt$, who dally t'Ortrch for new rcodluR ground on submerRrd rlct* Holds, canals, or other places. In the evonInR by n peculiar call of the attendant the ducks Rather on the boat and are given a little grain. It l.s said that n-» an Incentive to have them hnrry tbe la.«l bird I* given nothing
Agronomy. Famines in China can be overcome and the standard of living greatly raised by developing the extensive areas of uncultivated land, by the use of farm machinery, and by discontinuing some of the bad practices of soil management.
Forestry. Floods and drought in China are largely due to the deforestation of the mountains. Much is therefore to be done for China in the work of reforesta¬ tion.
A FOG-OBSCURED SCENE IN THE CANTON DELTA.
Photographed from Loh Fau, the mo.-ti renowned mountain of South China (4.000 feat high). In the lower right-hand corner Wash Au Tol is one of ■the many famous monasteries of this district. In China the monks only are careful to preserve the forests, and one finds many beautiful spots near their temples. Beyond this wooded spot are the uncultivated foothills and watery rice fields.
Horticulture. This is the logical department with which to begin agricultural educational work. Horti¬ culture in China has reached a high stage of development as far as the working of the soil is concerned. But the propagation and fixation of varieties are in a chaotic condition.
Agricultural Chemistry. This department is needed to increase the knowledge and use of commercial ferti¬ lizers, and of chemicals for the combating of insect
33
enemies and plant diseases. A profitable investigation of the present methods of soil management and ferti¬ lizing materials now in use in China could also be carried on.
Agricultural Extension. An unlimited field is open to this department for most effectual and beneficent Christian work among the peasantry. Its success is largely dependent upon the work of the other depart¬ ments.
A COMMON TYPE OF TREAD-POWER IRRIGATING PUMP These moil are pumping water from a canni and starting It on Its way down over n series of rice Helds.
Irrigation and Drainage. The Chinese are born irri¬ gators, wasting little water. They know nothing of large irrigation projects and need to be taught how to drain much of their land, which is now subject to excess water supply. Much is therefore to be learned and much to be taught concerning this subject.
Landscape Architecture. The Chinese type of land¬ scape development ought to be studied before it becomes too greatly influenced by that of the West. In many respects it can be improved, but much is attractive and
.34
BANYAN TBEES
of this type are often used In adorning temple grounds or os a seUing for a village entrance. Unlike the banyan of India, the aerial roots never reach to the ground and It Is therefore called bastard ban- yan.” It Is propagated by cuttings.
worthy of consideration. The campus at the Canton Christian College offers exceptional opportunity for the working out of an attractive development. Such a de¬ partment would be of great influence in the new planning and laying out of cities and homes. Public parks are almost unknown in China.
Agricultural Education. Upon this department will rest the development of agricultural education, both elementary and collegiate.
The Opinion of an Expert Agriculturist
"It could not be other than a matter of the highest industrial, educational, and social importance to all nations if there might be brought to them a full and ac¬ curate account of all those conditions which have made it possible for such dense populations to be maintained so largely upon the products of Chinese, Korean, and Japanese soils. Many of the steps, phases, and practices 3.'.
through which this evolution has passed are irrevocably buried in the past, but such remarkable maintenance eflficiency attained centuries ago and projected into the present with little apparent decadence, merits the most profound study and the time is fully ripe when it should be made. Li^■ing as we are in the morning of a century of transition from isolated to cosmopolitan national life, when profound readjustments, industrial, educational and social, must result, such an investigation cannot be made too soon. It is high time for each nation to study the others and by mutual agreement and co-operative effort, the results of such studies should become available to all concerned, made so in the spirit that each should become co-ordinate and mutually helpful component factors in the world’s progress.
"One \ery appropriate and immensely helpful means for attacking this problem, and which should prove mutually helpful to citizen and state, would be for the higher educational institutions of all nations, instead of exchanging courtesies through their baseball teams, to send select bodies of their best students under competent leadership and by international agreement, both east and west, organizing therefrom investigating bodies each containing components of the eastern and western civilization and whose purpose it should be to study specifically set problems. Such a movement, well con- ceix'cd and directed, manned by the most capable young men, should create an international acquaintance and spread broadcast a body of important knowledge which would develop as the young men mature and contribute immensely toward world peace and world progress. If some broad plan of international effort such as is here suggested were (Organized , the expense of maintenance might well be met by diverting so much as is needful from tile large sums set aside for the expansion of navies; for such steps as these, taken in the interest of world up¬ lift and world peace, could not fail to be more efficacious and less expensive than increase in fighting equipment.
30
OnADI'ATRR np TMR CANTON CHRISTIAN COLLEGE MIDDI-R SCHOOI,
The two on the loft passed the Bovernmenl examinations and are now at the University of Mlclileon under the Indemnity Scholarship Fund. The third from the left Is a medical student In the University Medical School. The one on the right Is Principal of a Model Primary School, a work which has been organized and is fully supported by the Canton Christian College T. M. C. A. Many students of this type are now awaiting the Inlroductlon of an Agricultural Course.
It would cultivate the spirit of pulling together and of a square deal rather than one of holding aloof and of striving to gain unneighborly advantage.”*
The Pennsylvania State College Mission to China
The Pennsylvania State College work has been defi¬ nitely organized and the Horticultural Department in this proposed School of Agriculture in the Canton Christian College is under the supervision of a Directing Committee of Pennsylvania State College men living at State College.
•From the inlroductlon to "Farmers of Forty Centuries,” the last work of P. H. King, Professor of Agricultural Pliyalcs In the IfnlviTsIly of Wisconsin, and chief of the Division of Soli Management. Cnlted States Department of Agriculture.
Those who ore Interested in Chinese agriculture and Hs message to the Western world are recommended to read this moat scholarly work by Prof. King. The price of this book is 12.60. Through the kindne.Hfl of Mrs. King It can be purchased from the Directing Com¬ mittee of the Pennsylvania State College Mission to China, the Agcnl’a profits to be devoted Co the work of the Mission. Orders should be sent to Mr. Ralph I.. Watts, State College, I’li.
37
Pa., and the field and instructional work will be carried on by men specially trained in the School of Agriculture of the Pennsylvania State College. There is also an Advisory Board consisting of alumni, trustees, members of the faculty, and prominent agriculturists.
It is the purpose of this Mission, through the medium
o f agricultural i n vestiga t io n, education, and practice, to aid Christian Mis¬ sions at work in China in promot- ing industrial self-su fficie nc y and the growth of Christian char¬ acter, fellowship, and work among the Chinese.
Investigational. To carry on in China, especially in the field of horticulture, such investigation as will lead to a bet¬ ter understanding of Chinese methods of gardening and a fuller knowledge of C'hinese plant types.
liduaitional. To assist the Canton Christian College in its work of agricultural education among the Chinese by placing on its faculty men specially trained in agricul¬ ture and capable of carrying on horticultural instruction and demonstration.
Practical. To establish on the Canton Christian College campus nurseries and gardens for the collection and the propagation of the best plant types, both for 38
practical demonstration to the Chinese of the most modern nursery and seed-growing methods, and for the distribution of well-selected seeds and plants.
Co-operalive. To establish a Department of Horti¬ culture at the Canton Christian College in the hope that other American colleges will found similar Missions at the same College in other branches of Agriculture, and thus help to give the Chinese Empire the benefit of an efficient and well equipped School of Agriculture.
Letters from Chinese Students “Dear Mr. Groff: —
“It is almost one semester while I am in school this year. As I am studying the subject of Chcmistr>’ it seems very interesting to me.
1 always asked myself, what shall 1 dt» aiul where shall 1 go next year.-’ The trouble is there arc no good agricultural schools in my native land. .Therefore the only way to get education in agriculture is to go to the country which is well developed in this work. Two weeks ago I and Mr. L. had a trip to Sam Shiii. We saw a good deal of land there is wasted. The people there pay no attention to improve their farms and products. Some of them arc getting enough just to support their families. Others even get enough to support them¬ selves. When the dry season comes, they suffer for water. When the wet season comes, they do not know how to drain the water. Many times tliey fail in their crops. They only say it is fortunate or unfortunate. When 1 came to myself, nothing I can do besides agricultural work, and there is no other work which is so important as the condition of China now. The question of studying in foreign country is not easy to answer. As far as I know it requires a large amt)unt of expenses for years. So if there will be no special chance 1 am sure I cannot reach the point. The hope which I exjrectcd is upon you. You know my condition belter than anyone else. Hoping you will send me informations whenever convenient. The work of the garden is going on well. Each month there is a gain of 20 or 15 dollars.” Sincerely yours.
A student at the Canton Christian College.
Dear Mr. Groff; —
Yesterday I have sent you a copy of the constitution of our agricultural comixiny which was written in Chinese .. I wish I 30
would iranslaic it itilo English if I had time enough. Hut one special point 1 want to make more clear to you is that the purpose of our company is to develop the agricultural work in China in order to support the establishment of schools at the vicinity of our farms. This is what we, members of the company, devote to do. Moreover there is something more inportant which is to bring the Light of Christ into the soul of our people whom we shall get a closer touch with. You know when we can give them work to do on the farms and when we can <tpen schools for the boys and girls there will be more opportunit>' for us to make friends with them; then if we preach, the inlluence will be more effective than that if we simply talk nicely without actually doing anything helpful to them..
1 realize ourselves as men of inexperience and that our work seems to be a great task. It seems that we are unlikely to carry out such a great work, but 1 want to tell you that we do it not depend¬ ing on our envn wistlom, or exi)ericnce. but on Gotl’s power. We be¬ lieve that our purpose is right iinil that (>od will help us. Therefore if we succeed we shouhl not be proud; or if we fail we should not be sorry, (iive us advises wltenever you can. If anything in the con¬ stitution you don't understand I will answer you at your request _
\'ery sincerely yours,
ItKl'Uli.VTlON IMCnil^D— STfUBNTS OF TIIK I'ANTON CHKISTl.VN *'01.1. BOK IN TUEIU SCHOOL G.VllDBN.
40
The Pennsylvania State College Mission to China
DIRECTING COMMITTEE State College, Pa.
A. Howry Espbnshade, Chairman.
L. H. Dbnnis, Vice-Chairman Ralph L. Watts, Secreta^-Treaaurer H. S. Adams J. P. Jacksok
F. N. D. Buchman Fred Lewis Pattbe
C. B. Dbbtes a. L. Tobias
W. J. Wright
ADVISORY BOARD Hok. Jas. a. Beaver, Bellefonte, Pa.
Hon. N. B. Critchfield, Harrisburg, Pa.
Hon. Wm. T. Creasy, Catawissa, Pa.
Hon. David Fairchild, Washington, D. C.
Mb. Orlando Harrison, Berlin, Md.
Da. Thomas F. Hunt, State College, Pa.
Hon. Vance McCormick, Harrisburg, Pa.
Dr. Edwin Erle. Sparks, State Collie, Pa.
Mr. Chester J. Tyson, Flora Dale, Pa.
Col. John A. Woodward, Howard, Pa. Representative on the Field G. Weidman Groff, 1907.
The University Medical School
BOARD OF DIRECTORS University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
OFFICERS
Edward C. Wood, Chairman
Thomas S. Evans, Secretory Marshall S. Morgan, Treasurer FOREIGN DIVISION George Wharton Pepper, Chairman Samuel F. Houston Charles J. Hatfield, M.D.
Charles H. Frazier, M.D. Frederick Fraley, M.D. Wn.T.TAM Campbell Posey, M.D. Warren P. Laird William Guggenheim Sbippbn Lewis
Henry Hill Collins, Jr. Horatio C. Wood, Jr., M.^
iAMBS F. Magee, Jr. Rev. Flow W; Tomkins, S.T.D.
Lupus B. Scarlett, M.D.
Francis S. McIlbbnny
FACULTY
J. C. McCracken. M.A.. M.D., University of Peansylvanls
W. W. Cadbury, M.A., M.D., University of Pennsylvania
T. M. Li, M.D., University of Pennaylvania
H. J. Howard, M.D., University of Pennsylvania
Miss Mabel Strawbridge Macbbr, Bryn Mawr Hospital
Miss Marian R. Taylor, Secretory
Mrs. Mary Stsawbridob Macher, Hospiul Matron
A Suggestion for Helpfulness
If you know of anyone who would be interested in “Agricultural Reciprocity between America and China” and who would be in position either to promote this work or to assist financially, you can help by filling in their names and addresses and sending this sheet to
The Trustees of The Canton Christian College
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
156 Fifth Avenue, New York City
(After each name write P for promote and F for financial help) Nambs Addresses
The foregoing names have been furnished by
Address
Farmers of Forty Centuries
By F. H. King
Pormtr Professor of AgrieuUural Physics in the UniversUy of Wtsconstn, and Chief of the Division of Soil Management, Untied Slates Deportment of Aerietdtuse.
Auliior of "The Soil", "Irrigation and Drainage", "Physics of Agriculture'' and other agricultural icorks.
“The Chinese farmers have reached the 'root of the matter’ in a thousand' ways during their centuries of ex¬ perience when, because of the great density of population, a failure in crops invariably spelled famine and death. They were compelled to ‘get there’ and ‘stay there’ and they did."
"The American farmer is beginning to realize that the soil is a thing that must be handled with care if it is to produce a living for his grandchildren. The best place to study this coming problem — the maintenance of fertility — is in those ancient over-populated nations of Asia, which are behind us in so many things, but centuries ahead of us in the practice of intensive agriculture. No man has bet¬ ter scientific and practical equipment for that study than Prof. F. H, King.’’ _ , ^ .
(Exlitor, Farm and Fireside, Springfield, Ohio.)
248 Illustrations; largely from photographs by the author.
This is Prof. King’s last work, just ready for the press when his untimely death occurred in August, 1911.
ORDER NOW FROM
Mb. Ralph L. Watts, Secretary-Treasurer,
The Penn State Mission to China,
State College, Pa.
Dear Sir: — Enclosed f>leasc find Two Dollars and Fifiy Cents ($2.50) for which kindly send to my address a copy of "Farmers of Forty Centuries," and oblige,
Yours truly.
Address
AGRICULTURAL RECIPROCITY
BETWEEN
AMERICA AND CHINA
America has what China lacks and needs — Ex¬ tensive Agriculture.
China has what America lacks and needs — In¬ tensive Agriculture.
The American farmer invariably thinks of his Field.
The Chinese gardener is concerned about his
Plant.
In point of agricultural development each has something to get and something to give.
If you are interested in “A Contribution Toward Economic Development and Permanent Famine Relief" write for The Canton Christian College Bulletin No. 5, “Agricultural Reciprocity be¬ tween America and China”.
34 ILLUSTRATIONS.
This bulletin deals with a Comparison of Amer¬ ican and Chinese Agricultural Methods, states the Opportunity for Mutual Helpfulness, suggests the Fields for Service, and outlines the Organization through which this work can be accomplished.
Trustees of The Canton Christian College, Department of Agriculture,
156 Fifth Avenue, New York City.
Dear Sirs: — Enclosed please find ten cents (loc.) in stamps, for which kindly forward to my address yotir Bulletin, No. 5. ond oblige,
Yours truly.
.\ddres»