Rita mie tncet
fy abba MA nt
ESE ah
ee son
“he nabalhs
we
hha teh a
itatt Uris vile ui ;
eee
* Sata at
Oey
Marrs bag tor
ahahaha!
BA ba ech tn et}
bar CAR AS tt
. oe
:
¥
Soa
+t
On
ares a
bey ee >
eitahshike Hate
Aaa iy
$
i
esos ee Bs Lees :
¢
+
gt
sana er
ete
ats tte 3
gtk re .
att A A es Th
a shah! ; f ik by 4k x Le
= Lan
Sernoonces
Nibehat “A
mea
a
Gok
see
tt
wi Oey “i
Neamt
SUGANO RK Bee
aH isalecritaest Conan
RO Re eens
Ras LARA CALA LAL eae
cei ahah beh hi th aceon eau eret
Bourret Ginna
Piiegen S
Ses
Saat
St isk:
weitat
ee es
CLA Aner ERL Set shyt ye ahet
esatat ee %
KASAM ba ba bibs eh “ eas
three ts + itn 5 ‘ “ + Sg Aah ari 55 - A
PEST OU by RTE AR UY MUSIAN nett
runt) 3
Ae ea NS
Lait
%
4
tgs
rie
rut ‘
telat A - L Z Li hag bogeys “. a eA nabs
beak hah eth A en A Bat eevee nat : Rebs octets eee a
4 PLley A teh bh fen hg en a ts yt ce ghy etl hati by bate ert weet hanged te
. RUC ia xt : ice a
eae bins F Wha ¥
AVA aah bi kubs aie kere aa valy
Bs Sioned: rs
i he YW + at! at A
pects Drees bs
- ee win +
| by ¢
fy Pcoractes ba ‘ a as 5 . eit
leet batiteeh i odet eas: “set pete pled beh GS ped been esky ui hy ty bye rhr het
SEA ASA staal cA ueam ean hatte) geet bate bho uaa Neue :
if i: re Ate
quehtls
Peat
haunt TI
ese
4454
stat:
A gheake
Lat
ibaa
er!
ah
a eee
EDM A a
ThA ea ee ha
fueeanthetate wt antes
tabetha tah
eet Crit Lakh Bs
PLA IRUX CARA ME ISOLA
BOURSES cin bet ek beg he WI ETN
Abe tet a
Wt ey eegteg tin Sahay tig fog tog hh ks TEA h eA hy
Wht bak zt SA mh
Roa techn hs! veal hth
a os
56 es peel o Ged Ctl 4 Oe
(256 Mehel oft rota
ys a’
From the Library of
Professor Henry F. Wickham
University of Iowa
Presented in 1942
295 GG
WS 3col
DEC 2 1942
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2010 with funding from
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
http://www.archive.org/details/coleopterahesper00woll
_
z
=
a
rey
ES:
=
3
2
E
3
=
S. Vicente
:
COLEOPTERA HESPERIDUM,
BEING AN ENUMERATION
OF THE
COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS
OF THE
CAPE VERDE ARCHIPELAGO.
BY
T. VERNON WOLLASTON, M.A., F.LS.
LONDON:
JOHN VAN VOORST, 1 PATERNOSTER ROW.
MDCCCLXVII.
PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
6 My.42 ¢ HF Wicxam
TO
THE BARAO DO CASTELLO DE PAIVA,
OF LISBON,
WHOSE LONG-CONTINUED LABOURS IN THE CAUSE OF NATURAL
SCIENCE HAVE RENDERED HIS NAME SO JUSTLY CELEBRATED
THROUGHOUT PORTUGAL, AND FROM WHOSE FRIENDLY INTER-
VENTION I HAVE, ON NUMEROUS OCCASIONS, DERIVED MUCH
VALUABLE ASSISTANCE IN THE PROCURING OF ENTOMOLOGICAL
MATERIAL FROM THE VARIOUS AND WIDELY SCATTERED ISLANDS
OF THESE SUBAFRICAN ATLANTIC GROUPS, THE PRESENT TREA-
TISE ON THE COLEOPTERA OF THE CAPE VERDE ARCHIPELAGO
IS DEDICATED.
119537 i
COV Se
> ¥ a Was 76
¥ 7
ac) Pee
i * ¥
:
= iY if
& ate
Risen id I
i We
ay oe 7
_ Oy 5 ; \ pda i
j : er 7
Ihy! %, i. | oe
; 4 Be shee o * 4-5 or o
af +7
“a i frou |
aD, Al
aN
Th4 '
<>
°°. 5
“les ¥ ye
PREFACKH,
Tue material from which the present Treatise has been com-
piled is mainly the result of two expeditions which were
undertaken by John Gray, Esq., in his yacht ‘the Gar-
land ;’? and it was during the second of these, when I myself
had the good fortune to accompany him, that the majority
of the species were collected.
Considering that both of Mr. Gray’s trips were accom-
plished at nearly the driest season of the year, and moreover
after an interval of almost unprecedented drought (when even
the scanty rains which are accustomed to fall during the
autumnal months had been wellnigh withheld), I should
not have ventured to elaborate from our material a Coleo-
pterous Fauna of the Group, were it not that
(1) the extreme difficulty of investigating so remote and
little-visited an archipelago renders it most desirable that
whatever is known about its productions should be so re-
corded that it may be kept permanently together ; and
(2) the result of my own experience in five of the islands
has convinced me that the species are at all times so few
in number (as compared with what are usually to be met
with in regions which are less barren), and moreover, on the
average, so uniformly distributed over the various parts of
the cluster, that I feel tolerably satisfied that the short Cata-
vi ' PREFACE.
logue which I am enabled to supply does in reality contain a
very considerable proportion of the forms which would pro-
bably be found, not only during even the rainy season, but
likewise in whichever island happened to be the one which
was selected for investigation.
The Cape Verde archipelago may be said to include within
it ten islands (for a number of outlying rocks, most of them
nearly inaccessible, can scarcely be taken into account) ; and
indeed one of these ‘‘ ten”? (namely S“ Lucia) is so small,
as compared with the rest, that it might wellnigh be ignored,
or at any rate affiliated to S. Vicente; in which case the
number would be reduced to nine. Therefore, when I men-
tion that the present Catalogue refers to siz out of the nine, it
will at least be admitted that a tolerable amount of the entire
area has been partially examined. And moreover it is espe-
cially to be noted that the three which still remain untouched
are the three eastern ones of the Group—Sal, Boavista, and
Maio (known generally as the “Salt Islands ”)—which,
from their geographical position and natural features, might
almost be said to constitute a distinct assemblage of them-
selves.
The six islands treated of in this volume are 8S. Antonio, S.
Vicente, S. Nicolio, S. Iago, Fogo, and Brava; and S. Nico-
lao is the only one of them which I have not, myself, explored.
That island however was visited by Mr. Gray during his first
cruise, in February 1864, when I was unable to accompany
him; but as he did not then pay so much attention to ento-
mology as was the case on his second trip, the list from
S. Nicolio will be found to be less complete than those from
the remaining five of the islands which I have above enu-
merated. Yet there can be no doubt that S. Nicoléo is, im
reality, one of the most productive of the whole.
PREFACE, vil
The first of Mr. Gray’s sojourns in the Cape Verde archi-
pelago (when he was accompanied by the Rev. R. T. Lowe)
commenced on February 13th, 1864, and was continued
until the 2nd of the following April; whilst the second (in
which Mr. Lowe and myself were his companions) occupied
January and February of 1866. Both of these expeditions
were undertaken in his yacht ‘the Garland, —an arrange-
ment by which the most favourable opportunities were
secured for reaching the distant parts of the Group. But,
long anterior to this (namely in December 1856) a single day
was spent at S. Vicente by Mr. Gray and the Rev. Hamlet
Clark, on their outward voyage to Brazil, when a few species
were captured by them [vide the footnote on the page which
precedes my “ Index Topographicus ”] which have not sub-
sequently been met with. And I may add also that, in
addition to this, a similar passing visit was paid to the
same island (on the 11th of June, 1857) by my nephew,
Captain F. W. Hutton—and others, of a like nature, by Mr.
A. Fry, of London,—from both of whom, though particu-
larly the latter, I have obtained some slight but interesting
accessions to the general material.
My grateful acknowledgments are due to Dr. H. Dohrn,
of Stettin, who has placed unreservedly in my hands all the
specimens which he collected during a sojourn (in January
1865) in the island of 8S. Antonio; and it is much to be
regretted that an unfortunate accident should have destroyed
completely the whole of those which he afterwards amassed
im 8S. Vicente, S'* Lucia, 8S. Nicolao, and S. Iago, and which,
consequently, are lost to science. I would call particular
attention to this fact, because Dr. Dohrn laboured success-
fully and hard in the several islands above mentioned, great
credit being due to him for the persevering energy which he
Vili PREFACE.
brought to bear upon his self-imposed task; and there can
be no doubt that his collections, had they been preserved,
would have enabled me to render the present Catalogue far
more complete than it is. But, as just mentioned, they
perished entirely,—a few little bottles of Coleoptera which
he remitted to me from 8. Antonio being all that remains to
attest his zeal in a cause which he took in hand with such
diligence and goodwill. This S. Antonio batch, however,
although containing but a small number of species, is ex-
tremely interesting ; and it will be observed that I have had
frequent occasion, throughout the volume, to allude to Dr.
Dohrn’s researches in that particular island.
My excellent friend, also, the Bario do Castello de Paiva,
of Lisbon, has not failed to add his quota to the material
which has enabled me to compile the present Treatise,—two
consignments which he obtamed from 8. Vicente and Fogo
having furnished (at any rate in the case of that from the
latter) a few novelties of considerable importance ; and I am
glad to have it im my power to place on record, thus far, the
services of one who has ever proved himself ready to lend a
helping hand to the cause of science—not only in the Cape
Verde archipelago, but in the various other islands of these
scattered Atlantic Groups.
To M. Fauvel, of Caen, my thanks are likewise due for
examining certain members of the Staphylinide, and for
communicating others—one of which has proved to be new
to the Cape Verde fauna.
It now only remains for me to acknowledge with thank-
fulness the kind help which we received, during our sojourn
at S. Vicente, from Thomas Miller, Esq., H.B.M. Consul
for the Cape Verdes, and from Mr. G. K. Rendall,—both
of whom afforded us, with characteristic liberality, every
PREFACE. 1x
facility in their power for carrying out the special object of
our trip, furnishing us with local data without which we
could scarcely have accomplished all that we desired. To
Mr. Miller indeed I am additionally indebted for numerous
contributions of Coleoptera, both previous to and since our
late campaign, which, from including occasional novelties to
the fauna, have proved to be of great geographical import-
ance. The long acquaintance of Mr. Miller with these
islands, added to his keen power of observation and general
fondness for natural science, give a value to his assistance
which it would be ungrateful to overlook ; and I have had
much pleasure therefore in placimg on record, as the oppor-
tunities presented themselves, the aid which has at various
times been granted to me by his successful and disinterested
researches.
Although pertaining to a different Group of islands from
the more northern ones which supplied the material for my
‘Coleoptera Atlantidum,’ I have nevertheless thought it
admissible to embody, in a short Appendix at the end of this
volume, a few addenda and corrigenda to the Madeiran and
Canarian faunas which have been brought to light since the
publication of that work.
Teignmouth, Dec. 7, 1867.
Xl INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
trust, hereafter, if not by myself, by some more successful observer.
But I nevertheless venture to hope that it will constitute a basis,
tolerably accurate so far as it goes, for future discoveries to be, from
time to time, engrafted upon, as circumstances may require ; and it
is this hope alone which has encouraged me to give a definite shape
to the result of the researches (principally) of Mr. Gray and myself,
during our late cruise in that remote and little-visited archipe-
lago.
The three islands of which we had not the time to attempt an in-
vestigation are Sal, Boavista, and Maio; and any naturalist, there-
fore, who will undertake the difficult task of ransacking this somewhat
isolated eastern assemblage will confer a real boon on the entomolo-
gical geography of the Cape Verdes. Yet I must express my belief
that, from all we could ascertain about them, their fauna will be found
to be extremely poor—far more so indeed than that of the western
members of this singularly unproductive cluster; for they are not
only less elevated than any of the latter, but apparently drier still
and (if possible) even more barren. One might perhaps conceive them
to have a rather closer affinity than the other islands with the African
coast (as indeed their very position itself would tend to imply); and
their more sandy, salt-producing surfaces will further point towards
the same conclusion. But they must clearly possess a fauna, however
scanty, of some sort ; and we may expect that they will be ascertained
to harbour (apart from many species which are doubtless distributed
over the entire archipelago) a few saline and sand-infesting forms
which probably do not occur elsewhere in the Group.
General Statistics—Though I have already hinted at it in my Pre-
fatory remarks, I would desire here to lay particular stress on the
strong conviction which was forced upon us, after examining six of
these widely scattered islands, touching the comparative sameness, or
want of variety, in the Coleopterous population of the Cape Verdes,
throughout the component parts of the archipelago. True it is that
every island has some forms which appear to be peculiar to it (the
result often, I cannot but think, of the shght modifying influence
possessed, within its own proper limits, by mere isolation—as exem-
plified in certain ultra-indigenous genera, hke Dinas, Oxycara, and
Trichosternum), and it likewise frequently happens that what is rare
in one island is common in another ; but it was singular how very
much, on the whole, the same actual species were met with by us in
eyen the most distant parts of the Group—far more so than what my
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. xlll
experience in the Madeiras and Canaries would have led me to anti-
cipate. I look upon this as an important consideration, in discussing
the statistics ; because it supplies presumptive evidence that the united
list, from all the islands which we investigated, must make a nearer
approach to a general fauna than could have been the case had the
several islands been less uniformly tenanted,—species which escaped
our notice in one island having had no less than five other chances (in
the remaining five islands which we partially explored) of being de-
tected. This must necessarily be true, as to principle, in the over-
hauling of every insular assemblage ; but the “ uniformity ” to which
I have just called attention inclines me to believe that it is par excel-
lence so in the Cape Verdes—where I feel tolerably satisfied that even
two or three islands well examined (ora greater number less perfectly
so—as in this instance) would give us, conjointly, an overwhelming
proportion of the species which inhabit the entire archipelago.
It will easily be gathered from the above observations that, despite
the poverty of one or two of our island-lists (such as those from S.
Nicolao and Brava), I have every reason to suspect that the 278 spe-
cies for which I am enabled to vouch embody a very considerable pro-
portion of the Coleoptera which will ever be brought to light in the
Cape Verde Group*. And although it is true that the excessive dry-
ness of the particular months during which our cruise was undertaken
resulted in an unnatural scarcity of insect-life, I nevertheless believe,
after a close inspection of fragmentary remains (often in great abun-
dance), that even the rainy season, while unquestionably furnishing
some novelties which altogether escaped us, would be more likely to
augment the number of the individuals of the species which we met
with than to favour the appearance of any vast amount of additional
forms. At any rate I think that the 278 species may be so safely
received as a fair sample of the entire beetle-population (should it
ever be made known), that we may venture to anticipate that the
novelties which may hereafter occur will not alter materially the
relative proportions, inter se, of the twelve primary Divisions under
which the Coleoptera are usually supposed to arrange themselves.
And the probability that it will not be much interfered with by
future accessions to the list may tend perhaps to render the distribu-
tion here implied all the more interesting.
* Only 275 species are actually enumerated in this volume ; but I possess the
remains of two additions to the Geodephaga (a Bradybenus? and a Stenolophus?),
and of one (on the Zonitis? type) to the Heteromera,—which, although too frag-
mentary to be made use of ina descriptive Catalogue, are nevertheless quite suffi-
cient (where mere xwmbers are alone concerned) for the general statistics.
X1V INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
Hoeteromera), ver ciskiiionid Xoemis nish 49
Brace yt alia: «payin dis. icpayaie ia oy oeeke ls aye aon 42
INTO ROR oles n cs ives ccaycue ashe PA suels ph eacmaes 39
Creod Cpa geo acne nar qeiere set sioeeniec-34 ee ene
FUR YNCHOPHOLA ioc 5 6 ie-ss5 sagt ose seas age Sa 27
PO COTRUR oycre eave atece ae tie eras ye ete otra 18
Cordylocerata, Mac. scat es ease can 16
hy Gop laa iantarteen cae scene tere 14
IESG WGI, “a onad po aoe houdcabct0.0 C 14
Philbydiida} «:s:.0%2eicda hae sehen oe 15
Hiydradephar ays tac. seconds ancgaiien sacl gtrer 7
Nu CeTatalsrstuatreracyeeusch acy te mcnrer mee 0
278
dae
The salient fact elicited from the above is that the relative propor-
tions which these great Departments of the Coleoptera bear to each
other is pretty nearly the same here as it is in the Madeiran and
Canarian Groups, except that the Heteromera and Rhynchophora would
appear to have changed places,—the former being more expressed in
the Cape Verdes, and the latter Jess so, than is the case in those com-
paratively northern and prolific archipelagos. Although it may not
have been so at every period of their history, before the improvident
inhabitants had by the destruction of the timber reduced them to the
merest cinder heaps, this is entirely in accordance with what we should
anticipate from the present condition of these arid islands—in which
the Heteromerous forms would naturally find a more congenial home
than the Curculionideous ones, which are mainly dependent, for their
subsistence, on the vegetable world. The other peculiarites which
characterize the Madeiran and Canarian faunas are here not only
shadowed forth but even exaggerated—the Hucerata, which are there
so feebly represented, having hitherto had no exponent detected in
the Cape Verdes. I do not wish however to imply my belief that the
Longicorns are absent from the archipelago ; for the fact that our re-
searches were prosecuted at the wrong season of the year may account
for our not having met with them, and indeed I did obtain a larva
(beneath the dead bark of a gigantic Ficus in the interior of S. Iago)
which I believe to have been a Cerambideous one ; but I am satisfied
that, if existing, they must be marvellously scarce, or we could hardly
have failed to observe at any rate the traces of them in some of the
numerous localities which we examined*. After the Hucerata, the
* Possibly indeed, as in the Madeiran and Canarian Groups, the rotten Huphor-
bia-stems, when patiently investigated, may be found to harbour one or two spe-
cies of the Eucerata.
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. XV
Hydradephaga occupy the lowest place in the list, and next to them
the Philhydrida—which is also in harmony with the Madeiran and
Canarian statistics : indeed it is only surprising that they should have
any representative at allin a cluster some of the islands of which
are entirely destitute (except during the short and capricious “ rainy
season ”) of the merest vestige of streams, whilst even the somewhat
less barren ones (such as S. Antonio and 8. Iago) are but scantily
supplied with water in certain distant and favoured spots. The Phy-
tophaga too have but few exponents (particularly when we take into
account that about 5 out of the 14 species which I have recorded are
probably introduced ones), and stand both relatively and absolutely
lower in the scale than is the case in the more northern Groups—the
result, doubtless, of the very same circumstances which have occa-
sioned a general depauperation of the Rhynchophorous fauna. The
Geodephaga, on the other hand, hold the same relative position
that they doin the ‘ Coleoptera Atlantidum,’—a position which must
be considered decidedly high for this arid archipelago.
Local Statistics —While discussing the local statistics of the more
northern Groups, when I compiled my ‘Coleoptera Atlantidum,’ I
drew special attention to the numerous obstacles which must needs
present themselves against the thorough exploration of any assem-
blage composed of widely scattered islands—all of which are more or
less dangerous of access, and some nearly unapproachable. This can-
not but be true, wheresoever the archipelago is situated; and it is a
vast adjunct, therefore, to the difficulty when a distance of nearly
3000 miles has to be gone over before the labour of research can be
even commenced. But, apart from this latter fact, the investigation
itself is in some cases wellnigh insuperable; for to reach the sepa-
rate islands at all, omitting none, is frequently a task of no ordinary
difficulty and sometimes of actual danger; so that to land on the
whole of them, and moreover often enough to be enabled to catalogue
their several faunas as indicated throughout the year, is an herculean
work which it might properly require a lifetime to accomplish. I
mention this in order to draw a correct contrast between the labour
of investigating an island-Group and a region which is unbroken;
for every island (whether large or small) being, as it were, a country
in itself, a general list for the archipelago will not convey a sufficiently
accurate idea of the entomological geography unless accompanied at
the same time by special ones for the several islands which are in-
cluded within it, and which in the character of their productions often
XV1 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
differ materially amongst themselves. So that while the exploring
of a continuous land involves but a single operation (however pro-
longed), that of an'insular assemblage necessitates many distinct ones,
to be commenced de novo, according to the number of the islands
which must be separately examined. From which considerations it
would follow that, whatever be the difficulty in compiling a general
catalogue for an archipelago, it is far eclipsed by that which is involved
in the elaboration of (what we may be permitted to call) a batch of
lists—rendered indispensable by the existence of islands in each of
which a considerable number of the same common species will have
to be conscientiously vouched for and recorded.
This great difficulty in filling up the island lists of an extensive and
remote insular assemblage, added to the dryness of the particular sea-
son during which we visited the Cape Verdes, must be my apology
for the incompleteness of one or two of the catalogues. Yet, at the
same time, while I am fully persuaded that they might be considerably
increased by a resumed exploration at a more favourable period of
the year (especially as regards 8. Nicolao, which we did not even
attempt to investigate during our late trip, and which was only just
glanced at by Mr. Gray on his former cruise), I will venture to hope
that their defectiveness is to a certain extent more apparent than real ;
for I have already called attention to the unusual and singular
barrenness of this wonderfully arid cluster. But, be this as it may,
the great uniformity (lately referred to) of the insect-population
throughout the archipelago, as compared with what that of the Ca-
naries and Madeiras would have led us to anticipate, encourages me
to believe that, whatever be the deficiencies in the Jocal lists (as given
below), the general one at all events (above recorded) will be found,
even eventually, to include a very considerable proportion of the en-
tire fauna. In the case indeed of an island which is so small, and so
marvellously barren, as 8. Vicente, I doubt if even the rainy season
would supply us with many additions to the 132 species which I am
enabled to enumerate ; and it is probably due to our longer sojourn
there than elsewhere that its catalogue has been raised to a higher
number than that of any of the other islands,—for I need scarcely add
that S. Antonio and 8. Iago, which are larger and (in many districts)
more luxuriant than 8. Vicente, ought in reality to possess a richer
fauna than the latter. Brava, being so limited in extent, would not
be likely to furnish any very considerable list ; nevertheless the 61 for
which alone I can vouch would probably be at least doubled during a
more favourable season of the year; for at the time of our visit it
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. XV1l
was perhaps even more dried-up still than any of the other islands. The
following Table will indicate the number of the species hitherto brought
to light, in the six islands which have been partially examined * :—
‘SL -ANITROTIOY, ASS eee oe culci octane s 114
Sb Wi@Ri PS eae oe ease eee pial ere 132
SMP NICOLA Op crisiia ic scp acie 6 eretgie a sor scs 27
Sip LOO) ieuratic ends cae RIE ODO nC a 130
HOR OM Parpersicls Aleta. dia Re cele eels aes Hs 93
1 BIE TNE «en Ae beni ROR SNE ORES Ich aCe aC 61
Considering that each of these numbers vouches for the ascertained
existence of some one species in one or the other of the above-men-
tioned islands, it follows that the 557 which they amount to might
so far as the labour of observation is concerned have been all distinct
species. But since a large proportion of the forms permeate the en-
tire archipelago, and have therefore to be registered over and over
again for the different islands, the general catalogue, so far as hitherto
ascertained, for the whole Group reaches only (as above stated) to
275.
Dominant Forms.—Although it is difficult to conjecture what the
prevailing types may have been before the native timber (which must
at any rate have clothed certain districts and ravines) had been de-
stroyed, and the islands consequently reduced to the dry and depau-
perated state in which we now find them, it is certain that the par-
ticular forms which are at present dominant, although existing in the
utmost abundance, are but few in number, and confined principally
to the Heteromerous groups. Indeed the two great genera which
may be said to characterize the archipelago—occurring beneath stones
and refuse everywhere, and permeating every part of it, from the
sea-level to the summits of the peaks—are Owycara (of the Tenty-
riade) and Trichosternum (of the Opatride); both of which possess
slightly modified, though permanently differmg, exponents for most
of the islands,—exponents which it is far from impossible may be in
reality but insular phases (shaped out, as it were, within their re-
* spective districts, by the combined influence of mere interbreeding and
isolation) of two aboriginal generic types. At any rate the evidence
before us seems suggestive of some such maturing process ; for al-
though there is nothing to warrant a suspicion that any further change
* Of the three species the fragmentary remains of which I alluded to in the
foot-note on page xii1., one was found (by Mr. Miller) in 8. Vicente, and the other
two (which are Geodephaga) in 8. Iago. I have therefore added them to the re-
spective numbers for those particular islands.
b
Xvill INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
is now going on, we may nevertheless reasonably conceive that the
altered circumstances of the entire province, consequent on its having
become broken up, might perhaps involve, as a sine qué non, a certain
amount of trifling after-modification in some of the more plastic
species which had been suddenly cut off from the rest of their kind :
for it is hardly credible that special creations, differing so minutely
iter se as the forms which we are now noticing, should have been
brought about, for the sake of giving a distinctive feature to every
individual island, and islet, in a scattered archipelago. Yet, at the
same time, we must recollect that even this is, after all, but an as-
sumption (for we have no means, in reality, of gaining any positive
knowledge whatever on the subject); so that, in the total absence of
intermediate links, we have practically no choice left us but to treat
all such kindred forms as true and bona fide species. I have entered
into these remarks because the many Oxycar@, and somewhat less
numerous T’richosterna, which I have been compelled to admit into
the present Catalogue, occupy perhaps the most prominent place, as
well as a rather peculiar one, amongst the Coleoptera of the Cape
Verdes ; and it is necessary therefore to state plainly, at the outset,
how far I feel bound to regard them (separated often, as they are,
from each other by extremely minute though permanent characters)
as genuine and undoubted species. In real fact, I consider that this
problem (in a strict abstract sense) cannot be solved—though, fortu-
nately, for all practical purposes, it may be said to carry its own solu-
tion (as a sheer matter of necessity) along with it.
After the above observations I need say little more about the Oxy-
caras, which constitute so marked a feature in the Coleopterous
population of this arid archipelago. Yet, however numerous they
are (both in species and individuals), their chief interest consists in
their exactly representing throughout these islands the Hegeters
which are so abundant in the Canarian cluster. Indeed their prima
facie aspect is so precisely that of Hegeter that until I had examined
them critically I could not persuade myself that they were generi-
cally distinct from it; and I imagined therefore that they would
prove to be but the exponents of a Cape Verde modification of that’
group. But their structural characters are nevertheless too decided,
and permanent, to admit of that conclusion ; whilst the fact that
Hegeter in its normal state (though only under the form of the widely
spread H. tristis, which of course may have been naturalized within
a comparatively recent period) does actually occur likewise in the
archipelago would tend still further to render it highly improbable
INTRGDUCTORY REMARKS. XIX
that the one is a geographical development from the other. But I
will add that, were it possible to suppose that this is the case (and I
myself do not believe it possible), [ suspect that, by parity of reason-
ing, we should be compelled to admit that the equally dominant
Trichosternum is but a southern phasis of the Madeiran (though not
Canarian) genus Hadrus. However I reject these fancies, as incapable
of proof ; and because if we once admit them to be worthy of conside-
ration, there is no limit to the absurdities into which we find our-
selves, ere long, imperceptibly led.
Next to Oxycara and Trichosternum, I should regard the common
genus Opatrum as perhaps the most prevailing one ; for although the
number of its species which have been hitherto detected is not great
(being, in fact, only three), its individuals occasionally teem to as
marvellous an extent as those of the two groups above-mentioned.
This is particularly the case with the O. patruele, which in hot arid
spots of a rather low elevation may sometimes be found in multitudes
beneath the stones. But as it is the character of the Opatra in many
countries to be eminently gregarious, and the Cape Verde ones do not
appear to be peculiar to the archipelago, I cannot look upon the genus
as possessing any great geographical or local interest.
There is one form however which, although far less abundant in
the number of its individuals, I consider to be quite as characteristic
of the Cape Verde archipelago as even Oxycara and Trichosternum ;
and it is important to note that in this instance it is a Rhynchophorous
one, and not Heteromerous. Itis a member of the subfamily Brachy-
derides, and (while of comparatively diminutive stature as regards its
exponents) somewhat allied to the Canarian genus Herpysticus ; and
as it does not seem to have been enunciated, I have treated it as new
—proposing Dinas for a title. Although we gained no positive evi-
dence concerning its mode of life, yet I strongly suspect (from the
occurrence of one of its representatives, in 8. Vicente, amongst the
dead branches, and even on the blossoms, of the Euphorbias) that it
is a Huphorbia-infesting genus ; and if this be so, the destruction of
the native timber (assuming such to have once existed), and the con-
sequent exhaustion of the major part of the vegetation from lack of
moisture, would probably not much interfere with its economy and
well-being ; for the Euphorbias (which, however, are themselves fast
disappearing—being gathered by the inhabitants for dyeing-purposes
and for fuel) are able to thrive on even the most arid mountain-slopes.
Five representatives of this group having already been brought to
light, each of them peculiar to a single island, I fully anticipate that
b2
XX INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
many more will yet be discovered, and likewise that the observations
which I have entered into concerning the “ species” of Oxycara and
Trichosternum will perhaps be found to be equally applicable to a
certain number of those which constitute Dinas. I say “a certain
number,” because at any rate one of them (namely the D. rugicollis,
which was captured by myself on the summit of Monte Verde in §.
Vicente) is so marvellously dissimilar to the remainder, while be-
longing unquestionably to the same group, that I cannot suppose that
it (at any rate) could possibly have been matured, by even the most
extravagant process of ‘‘ development,” from any of its congeners ;
while, at the same time, the existence at all of a representative which
is comparatively so monstrous and abnormal would certainly tend to
strengthen my suspicion that many others (whether intermediate or
not) may, and probably do, remain to be detected.
Other forms there are which I would regard as eminently charac-
teristic of the Cape Verdes, but which, from the fact that they have
not yet been detected throughout the major part of the archipelago,
I can scarcely pronounce to be so strictly ‘‘ dominant” as those to
which I have just called attention. I allude to such insects as that
remarkable little setose Ptinid, the Wicroptinus echinatus—which in
at any rate the two northern islands, $. Antonio and 8. Vicente, is
universal (if not exactly abundant) from the level of the shore to the
mountain-tops ; and it possesses an additional interest geographically
through its close alliance, both in generic and specific details, with
one of the most indigenous (and apparently endemic) of those inha-
biting the Canarian Group. And, next, I may direct notice to the
Carabideous Cratognathus labiatus—which, while belonging to a
genus widely spread over these various Atlantic islands, is a species
which will probably be found to be wellnigh universal in the Cape
Verdes : at all events, whether this be the case or not, it is locally
abundant (for the most part at a lofty elevation) in the three more
northern islands of 8. Antonio, S. Vicente, and S. Nicolao*.
* In my observations under this Cratognathus, at page 23, I have remarked that
in all probability it is the species which was defined by Erichson in his Paper on
supposed “Angolan” Coleoptera. The frequent allusion which has been made
to his Memoir, throughout the present volume, will suffice to place my conviction
on record of the grievous injury which was done (however unintentionally) to the
cause of entomological geography by the serious blunder into which Erichson was
unfortunately led through having been made to believe that the whole of the mate-
rial which he undertook to examine and describe had been amassed in “ Angola.”
Tt was not until after his Paper (with its false conclusions on the subject of geo-
graphical distribution) had been published that it became known that the collector
who was sent from Berlin to investigate the Coleoptera of Angola, where he died,
touched at the Cape Verde islands on his outward route, and that the material
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. XX1
The Coccinellideous genus Scymnus is rather largely represented,
as indeed is the case with it also in the Canarian and Madeiran ar-
chipelagos ; but since it is far from impossible that a few out of the
ten exponents which I have recorded may in reality be but perma-
nent phases of a central plastic type, its predominence perhaps is more
apparent than real. Amongst other forms which are locally abundant
with respect to individuals, though (unlike Scyimnus) represented, so
far as observed hitherto, by merely a single species, I may call parti-
cular attention to the curious Heteromerous Ammidium ciliatum
(which teems, around the roots of shrubby plants, on the loose sandy
maritime hillocks in 8. Vicente, and which we may expect to meet
with in similar situations elsewhere); to the Aphanarthrum hespe-
ridum (closely allied to, if not indeed a modification of, the Madeiran
and Canarian A. piscatorium, and which often swarms within the
rotten stems of the Huphorbia Tuckeyana), to the Litargus 3-fascia-
tus (also Canarian, and frequently very common beneath decaying
vegetable refuse), and to the Sunius nigromaculatus, a North-
African species which appears to be wellnigh universal, under rub-
bish, throughout the Cape Verde Group. The Dineutus wreus might
likewise be cited as extremely abundant in its own proper localities ;
and, being Hydradephagous, it is worthy of especial notice in an
island-cluster where water is so marvellously scarce. I think per-
haps however that the profusion in which it often exists on the sur-
faces of the less rapid streams and pools is in reality the result of the
latter being so reduced in number during the dry scason that such
water-beetles as ever inhabit this barren archipelago are compelled,
by the force of circumstances, to become concentrated unnaturally in
from the two countries (remote as they are ¢xter se) was afterwards mixed up in-
discriminately. Thus not only were a number of Cape Verde insects recorded
by Erichson as ‘‘ Angolan,” but absurd deductions were drawn with respect to
their geographical ranges which it will be next to impossible ever to obliterate.
Anybody who is at all conversant with Natural History literature must be well
aware of the value which is usually attached to any ‘“ habitat” which has once
been published ; for, however inaccurate it may be, and however thoroughly con-
tradicted by a subsequent writer, it will always be liable, nevertheless, to be ap-
pealed to, and even trusted in, by future authors who may not have seen the refu-
tation. Nay, more, the very;refutation itself will often be called into question ;
for it can of course be rightly contended that to prove the existence of a species
in any given region does not disprove its occurrence in a previously-asserted one
likewise. And so, in this instance, Coleoptera which are unmistakeably endemic
in the Cape Verde archipelago have been published (and are cited still) as “ An-
golan,” and will perhaps a/ways be subject to suspicion by inquirers into geogra-
phical entomology,—and this, be it observed, from no other cause than the mere
want of accuracy in an indolent collector, who would not take the trouble to
label his material aright, or to keep the specimens from two remote and dissimilar
countries properly separated,
©
XX INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
the few spots to which they are then obliged to retire. Nevertheless
I should add that we did not find the other members of the Hydrade-
phaga which have been observed within the Group in anything like
the multitudes which make the Dineutus wreus a really conspicuous
feature in almost every pool which presents itself.
Deficiency of certain Types.—Although the species which I haye
regarded as par excellence “dominant ” are not numerous, and con-
fined for the most part to the Heteromera, the total absence (appa-
rently) of many well-known Atlantic types is, on the other hand, a
salient feature in this barren archipelago ; for whilst but few genera
are indicated which do not obtain likewise in the more northern clus-
ters, the disappearance nevertheless of several which may be looked
upon as the very key-notes of the Madeiran and Canarian Coleoptera
implies an undoubted change in the primd facie aspect of the beetle-
population. Yet, when we consider how large the number of the
types is which permeate the whole of this broken-up Atlantic proyince
and the fewness of those which meet us peculiarly in the Cape Verde
portion of it, I am inclined to suspect that the “absence” of the
others, just referred to (from the latter), is more the result of mere
distance (such as would have been equally the case had there remained
an unbroken land of passage) than of any radical alteration in the
character of the fauna. And, moreover, the marvellously depaupe-
rated state of the islands, brought about by the destruction of the
timber and the consequent drying-up of the streams, may perhaps
have necessitated the annihilation of certain aboriginal species, and
in itself therefore explain their non-existence at the present period.
Apart from the considerations to which I have above alluded, it is
of course possible that some few of the supposed missing types may
really occur in the Cape Verdes, and have only escaped our notice.
But, still, if they exist at all, there can be little doubt that they must
at least be very feebly represented—or we could hardly have failed
to meet with some traces of them; while the fact that they are most
profusely developed in the more northern archipelagos would make
even their scarcity in an island-Group which has so much in common
with the latter a curious circumstance. My own belief, however, is
that most of them are decidedly absent from the fauna—though cer-
tain of them may perhaps have had a place in it when the external
conditions of the region were different, and itself consequently less
depauperated. I refer particularly to such extensive genera as Tar-
phius, Laparocerus, and Atlantis—all so truly characteristic of the
a
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. XX1l1
Canaries and Madeira, but of which no exponent has yet been detected
in the Cape Verde cluster ; and, if we except the widely diffused 7.
tristis (which may possibly have become naturalized within a com-
paratively recent period), the same might be said for Hegeter—which
is so monstrously expressed throughout the Canarian archipelago*.
Although they are not so strictly characteristic as Tarphius, Lapa-
rocerus, Atlantis, and Hegeter of the Canaries and Madeira, yet the
extraordinary development which is there traceable of the European
genera Calathus, Trechus, Acalles, and Helops makes them a salient
feature in the combined fauna of those two Groups; and it is there-
fore curious to remark that they likewise seem to have no place in the
Cape Verdes. Neither did we meet with any representative of Sca-
rites, Olisthopus, Meligethes, Atomaria, Ceuthorhynchus, Sitona, Chry-
somela, and Meloé—which, though somewhat less so, are also conspi-
cuous in both of the more northern archipelagos. I have already
called attention, under the General Statistics, to the apparent absence
(or, if not entirely so, nearly) of the great department of the Longi-
corns—a fact which is in complete accordance with what we observe
throughout the whole of these various and widely scattered oceanic
islands. It is far from unlikely that a few species may be found
(particularly in the dead Euphorbia-stems) at the proper season of the
year ; for our cruise having been undertaken during the dry winter
months we could scarcely expect perhaps to fall-in with them ; but,
if they do indeed exist, we may be quite sure, from the non-detection
of their remains, that they are at any rate very scarce.
As in the Madeiran and Canarian archipelagos, the vast family
Elateride is wellnigh wanting; but the single representative of it
which has occurred does not belong to the little Coptostethus-type
(which is the only one there indicated), but to the comparatively
gigantie Heteroderes,—the H. grisescens, a species possessing a wide
African range, being the one [allude to. The rarity of the Cetoniads
is another point in which the fauna agrees with that of the more
northern Groups; but, at the same time, their solitary witness
(namely the large Diplognatha gagates) which has hitherto been
brought to light in the Cape Verdes is, like the single Elaterid just
mentioned, an essentially African one ; whereas the few which in-
habit the Canaries are either endemic or else found in Mediterranean
latitudes. It would be hardly prudent perhaps to say much about
the flower-infesting Malacodérms, for the dryness and lateness of the
* Tmay add, however, that the Cape Verde representative of this great Canarian
genus appears to be Oxycara.
XXIV INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
season during which we visited the islands will more than suffice to
explain why we did not fall in with them; but it is at least worthy
of notice that, although so marvellously expressed in the Canarian
cluster (and tolerably so at Madeira), the entire Section, at the Cape
Verdes, is vouched-for as yet by only a single form (and even that
one of excessive rarity) allied to Pecteropus. Amongst the Hetero-
mera, there seem to be no Hrodiade or Pimelias—both of which
(while absent from Madeira) are greatly pronounced in the Canarian
Group ; but Scaurus, which does not properly occur in the more
northern archipelagos (though it has occasionally been imported into
Teneriffe from the opposite coast of Morocco), makes its appearanee
—at any rate in Fogo.
Anomalous Forms.—I have already offered some remarks on the
comparative uniformity of the Coleopterous population throughout the
various islands of this scattered archipelago ; and I may also add that
there is another fact which is perhaps equally apparent—namely the
somewhat commonplace nature of the general fauna. Possibly it may
have been otherwise before the destruction of the native timber had
reduced the Group to the dry and depauperated state in which we
now find it; but certainly at the present time there seems little,
amongst the numerous forms which have yet been discovered, to at-
tract special attention. Unlike what we observe in the Madeiran
and Canarian lists, there is scarcely a species throughout this entire
catalogue which can be regarded as actually “anomalous.” There
are many which possess a considerable geographical interest, and a
few in which the structure is rather peculiar ; but these latter are not
generally confined to the Cape Verdes, but (like Cossyphodes and
Pseudanemia) extend into the more northern archipelagos. Such
types, too, as Xenothoraw (of the Geodephaga), Hydrowenus (of the
Philhydrida), and Amimidium (of the Heteromera) are not only highly
interesting, but perhaps also endemic; but, at the same time, they
are not sufficiently abnormal to merit any very extravagant notice.
But there is a minute Staphylinid which I should be inclined to look
upon as perhaps the most remarkable of the types which have yet
been met with in the Cape Verdes. It is allied to Oligota, in the
subfamily Aleocharides ; and I have adopted for it the title of Nema-
toscelis filipes, in my description. It was captured by Mr. Gray in
the islands of 8. Antonio and $. Vicente—in every instance by beat-
ing the foliage of a kind of bean which is cultivated for food*,
* Although Nema/voscelis is the only one of them which I should regard as
at all “anomalous” in its structural details, the following ten are the new genera
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. XXYV
Blind Species.—It is perhaps owing to the fact that the Group has
been comparatively but little investigated, that hitherto we have not
found insects in which the organs of sight are wanting so conspicu-
ous at the Cape Verdes as is the case in Madeira and the Canaries.
Indeed none have yet been detected which are totally blind, and only
two in which the eyes are so imperfectly developed as to render it
probable that they must be practically almost useless. The two to
which I refer are Cossyphodes and Pentatemnus—the former of which
occurs equally throughout the more northern archipelagos, whilst the
latter is so nearly allied to the Canarian P. arenarius (of similar,
sand-infesting habits) that I am doubtful whether it is more in rea-
lity than a geographical modification of that species. I may add
however that even in Metophthalmus the ocular lenses are so few in
number that the eyes might perhaps be looked upon as somewhat
rudimentary ; but in that genus likewise the Cape Verde representa-
tive has so much in common with one which exists further to the
north (namely the Madeiran M. asperatus) that it is far from unlikely
that it may be but a more southern phasis of the latter.
Anis’-nest Species.—As in the case of the blind species, the Coleo-
ptera which we met with, at the Cape Verdes, in the society of ants
are but few in number, though doubtless by a careful, and more
continued, research certain others would be brought to ight. Per-
haps the most important of them, as being unmistakeably of myrme-
cophilous propensities, is the Cossyphodes Wollastoniw (to which I
have just alluded in the preceding section)—which resides within the
nests of the same ant (@cophthora pusilla, Heer) to which it is equally
attached in the Madeiran and Canarian Groups. Being nearly blind,
and with such a peculiar mode of life, its occurrence throughout the
majority of these widely scattered Atlantic islands is in itself a sig-
nificant fact. Other forms which may be observed occasionally in
which I have felt compelled to establish in the present volume: Xenothorax (of
the Geodephaga), Hydroxenus (of the Philhydrida), Apteroclerus and Microclerus
(of the Priocerata), Dinas (of the Rhynchophora), Argosomus (of the Phyto-
phaga), Cenoscelis, Melanocoma, and Pseudoscraptia (of the Heteromera), and
Nematoscelis (of the Brachelytra). In addition to these, however, Trigono-
rhinus, Trichosternum, and Xenogleus were enunciated by me, in the ‘ Ann. of
Nat. Hist.” in 1861, and are assumed (like the above ten) to be peculiar to the
Cape Verdes,—though I have already stated elsewhere that I consider further
evidence is desirable concerning the professed habitats of Trigonorhinus and
Xenogleus, which were communicated by the Rev. Hamlet Clark. And, as like-
wise probably confined to titis archipelago, 1 may here mention that Ammedum
(recharacterized by myself, in 1861, under the title of Hremonomus) was de-
scribed by Erichson in his Paper on supposed * Angolan” Coleoptera, Aut clearly
from Cape Verde specimens, so far back as 1845.
XXV1 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
similar situations, though at the same time by no means peculiar to
them, are the Holoparamecus bipartitus, the Teretrius corticalis, and
the Tomicus trypancoides—the last two of which are found normally
beneath the bark of trees.
Sand-infesting Coleoptera.—It is probable that when the eastern
division of the archipelago (Sal, Boavista, and Maio) has been ex-
plored the list of the sand-infesting Coleoptera which inhabit the
Cape Verdes will be more significant than it is at present; for the
published accounts of those three islands would seem to imply that
they are not only lower in elevation than the central and western
ones, but likewise more calcareous and saline: so that, however dried
up and barren they may be, it is not unreasonable to suppose that
the majority of the additional species which they may contribute to
the general fauna will be found to be more or less of sand-infesting
propensities. But.there are a few spots even in the other parts of the
Group which offer the necessary requirements for creatures of a sand-
loving mode of life—not merely along the sea-shores, which (as at
Tarrafal in 8. Antonio, Porto Grande in 8. Vicente, Porto Praia in §.
Tago, Porto da Luz in Fogo, and Porto da Furna in Brava) are occa-
sionally sandy, but likewise in low arid districts which extend often
some little distance inland immediately behind them, where the loose,
drifted hillocks are sparingly studded with dwarfed Tamarisks and
such shrubby plants (composed chiefly of Zygophyllums and Fran-
kenias) as are able to find nourishment in regions thus miserable.
On the western side of 8S. Vicente there is a considerable tract (to the
south of Porto Grande) which answers to this description—as also
on the opposite coast of 8. Antonio, to the south-west of Carvoeiros :
and on slopes like these, of dry accumulated sand, many Coleoptera
subsist which we should not find (except now and then, by mere ac-
cident) in salt places upon (or adjoining) the actual beach. In the
following short catalogue I have annexed the figure 1 to those spe-
cies which occumore particularly either on the shore itself or else
in damp saline spots (such as the artificially scooped-out Salterns)
alongside it; and a 2 to those which are par eacellence “ sand-in-
festing,”’ being attached normally to the drifted ridges and hillocks
which are more or less removed from the beach itself. None of
them have hitherto been detected in the Madeiran archipelago ; but
those which I have italicized (just half of the entire number) are found
also in the eastern portion of the Canarian Group*,
* T have written the Pentatemnus affinis, Halonomus ovatus, and Pseudostene
angusta in italics because they are so extremely near to representative Canarian
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. XXVll
Dyschirius auriculatus (1). Halonomus ovatus (2).
Pogonus Grayii (1). Ammidium ciliatum (2).
Tachys centromaculatus (1). Pseudanemia brevicollis (2).
Saprinus Paivee (2). Phaleria Clarkii (1).
Pentatemnus affinis (2). parallela (1).
Microlarinus lypriformis (2). Pseudostene angusta (1).
Cleonus mucidus (2). Anthicus dimidiatus (1).
Scymnus maritimus (1). Bledius vitulus (1).
Other species there unquestionably are (and plenty of them) which
delight in dry and dusty localities, and which therefore are often to
be met with amongst the loose sand of these drifted hillocks. But
then they occur equally, and sometimes in great numbers, at compa-
ratively high elevations, far removed from all traces of calcareous and
siliceous sand; and therefore, as they cannot strictly be termed
“‘ sand-infesting,” I have not thought it desirable to admit them into
the above list. Such, for instance, are the Opatrums, Trichosternums,
and Oxycaras (as well as the Hegeter tristis, most of the Saprini,
Corynetes rufipes, and others)—all of which, however, are quite as
abundant in regions of a totally different nature, and which fre-
quently ascend into the loftiest altitudes.
Euphorbian Fauna.—When we consider how rapidly the Euphor-
bias are disappearing from these barren islands (being used by the
inhabitants not only for fuel, but likewise for the purposes of dyeing),
and also what a vast number of Coleoptera attach themselves exclu-
sively to that singular race of plants in the more northern archi-
pelagos, I feel satisfied that the Euphorbian fauna as at present indi-
cated at the Cape Verdes is one of great depauperation. There are
certain districts however, chiefly at a high altitude, which appear
(for I have not myself visited them) to be still densely clothed with
those quaint and viscous shrubs, and which when carefully examined
may be expected to furnish us with several important additions to
the catalogue of Huphorbia-infesting species. Such regions are to
be found on the extreme summit of S. Nicolao, which, in the vicinity
of Monte Gordo, Mr. Gray and the Rey. R. T. Lowe describe as uni-
formly clad with closely packed bushes of the E. Tuchkeyana; and
the lofy uplands of Fogo seem, in a large measure, to be similarly
circumstanced. Indeed from so great a distance as even the Monte
members of their respective genera that Iam far from satisfied that they are more
in reality than permanent geographical modifications of the latter.
XXVIli INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
Nucho it was quite possible (in the latter island) to distinguish
Euphorbia-shrubs, of gigantic dimensions, studding the arid and al-
most inaccessible slopes which constitute the western buttress of the
great central crater ; and Mr. Lowe, who reached the interior of that
vast scorlaceous region (known, in situ, as the Chao da Relva), re-
ports it as abounding, though not exclusively, with Kuphorbias. It
will therefore be an interesting task hereafter, for some future natu-
ralist, to essay the exploration of these remote and elevated tracts (a
work, however, of no slight difficulty) with special reference to an
overhauling of the dead Euphorbias. My belief is, that the higher
regions of the Cape Verde cluster, above the limits of such aboriginal
wood as may be supposed ever to have existed, were once extensively
clothed with these monstrous plants; and, in accordance with this
hypothesis, the top of Monte Verde (S. Vicente’s highest mountain),
which is now being brought into rude cultivation, presents the pheno-
menon of a wholesale Euphorbian onslaught—for the benefit of mere
Indian corn, and the downfall of that noble beetle-population which
had hitherto reigned supreme. But the exact period of destruction
is often a harvest-time, however brief, for the collector ; and so the
masses of rooted-up shrubs which had been left upon the ground to
rot, during the few visits which we paid to that upland locality, gave
us a faint but pleasing glimpse of what perhaps might formerly have
been the rule, on a larger scale, before the islands had suffered from
that barbaric system of so-called ‘‘ improvement ” which has had the
effect of reducing them practically to the merest heaps of dry basaltic
scorie.
After the above remarks, it will not be surprising that the Cape
Verde list of Euphorbia-destroying Coleoptera should come short of
that which characterizes the more northern clusters. Yet when we
take into account the few plants which we were able to examine,
compared with those in Madeira, and that prodigious number which
clothe whole districts in the Canarian Group, I think that the sub-
joined catalogue is hardly to be despised—particularly when we bear
in mind that the genus Aphanarthrum, which is so copiously repre-
sented in those higher archipelagos, would seem in these islands (so
far at least as observed hitherto) to possess but a solitary witness,
which is uniformly distributed throughout the whole of them. The
fact, moreover, that the Euphorbias themselves (of this gigantic,
arborescent type) pertain apparently to a single species (the EZ.
Tuckeyana—which so nearly resembles the Madeiran and Canarian
E. piscatoria that it may perhaps be but a southern phasis of it)
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. XX1X
would naturally betoken a less amount of variety in the creatures
which are dependent upon them for food; and this therefore is an
additional reason why we should anticipate a relatively shorter cata-
logue for the Cape Verdes. Nevertheless, despite this manifest re-
duction in the species of Aphanarthrum (for the mere individuals of
its one exponent often abound quite as much as those do of any of
the more northern forms), I fully expect that the list, when properly
worked out, will include genera which are scarcely less numerous, or
less interesting, than those which occur in the higher archipelagos.
Thus, even alregdy, we have a substantial foreshadowing of accessions
in the appearance on the stage of three new Cleride (one of which,
the Apteroclerus fusiformis is more decidedly African in its relation-
ship), as well as of a most peculiar, and evidently endemic, Rhyn-
colus, of a beautiful Notiomimus distinct from the Canarian ones,
of a little Hysterid (the Paromalus digitatus) which will perhaps take
the place of the Madeiran and Canarian Lutriptus putricola, of a
Haltica which infests the foliage like the Canarian H. paivana and
which (although of a very ordinary, European contour) is not only
truly indigenous in the Cape Verdes, but wellnigh universal, and,
above all, (¢f indeed I do not evr in believing it to be attached nor-
mally to the Euphorbias) of that significant, and manifestly abori-
ginal, Rhynchophorous group (five exponents of which have already
been brought to light, and there are probably many more of them)
which I have enunciated under the name of Dinas. As regards the
others, enumerated below, they are either (like the Lemophlous cla-
vicollis) identical with species from the more boreal archipelagos, or
else (as in the case of the Aphanarthrum, Liparthrum, Mesites, Au-
letes, and Ditylus) so intimately connected with them as to leave the
question an open one whether they should not rather be treated as
mere geographical modifications of the latter... The following, then,
are what have been observed, up to the present date, as apparently
dependent upon the Euphorbias—the Ditylus, however, being ad-
mitted, merely, from its close relationship with the Canarian D. con-
color, which in at all events its previous states seems to be of Hwphor-
bia-loving propensities :—
Lemophleus clavicollis. Aphanarthrum hesperidum,
Paromalus digitatus ? Liparthrum Loweanum.
Notiomimus lineatus. Rhyncolus euphorbiarum,
Apteroclerus fusiformis. Mesites hesperus.
Microclerus Dohrnii. Auletes euphorbie.
euphorbie. Dinas rugicollis ?
XXX INTRODUCTORY REMARKS,
Dinas elliptipennis ? Dinas sitonseformis ?
—— angustula ? Haltica leevissima.
obsita. Ditylus pallidus ?
It is much to be regretted however that we had so few oppor-
tunities of examining a tribe of plants which doubtless, at one
time, must have clothed a large portion of the area presented by
these islands, and the significance of' which, therefore, in a geo-
graphical point of view, it is impossible to overate. In 8. Antonio
indeed it was with the greatest difficulty that we could meet with
any shrubs of them at all, and that too in spite of long and weari-
some rides over the mountains, in various parts of the southern
division of the island; for it was only here and there, as at Ta-
bouga and in the Ribeira da Babosa, that we could find any of
them remaining. And in §. Iago, likewise, the scarcity was quite
as great; for, except on the hills of the interior above S* Catha-
rina, there were almost none to be obtained. On the other hand,
in the higher regions of 8. Vicente, though they are fast disappear-
ing, they were more abundant (particularly, as just stated, on Monte
Verde) ; and in Fogo, apart from the quantity (to which I have
lately called attention) which clothe, as in 8. Nicolao, the lofty up-
lands, there is a small ravine, at the Fonte of the Monte Nucho,
which (although it likewise shelters some equally gigantic Echia)
still contains some monstrous bushes of them. In Brava there were
a certain number of plants scattered about the mountains, in differ-
ent directions around the Povoacao ; but everything was so maryel-
lously dried up when we were there that it was next to impossible
to find a single dead one which was not as hard, and free from mois-
ture, as if it had been baking for ten years beneath a tropical sun ;
so that we secured nothing except the Aphanarthrum hesperidum
(for the Auletes and the Haltica levissima occur on the blossoms and
foliage) from the rotten Huphorbia-stems of that island.
Species of the Ficus and of the Jatropha.—My observations on the
Coleoptera of the Cape Verdes would hardly be complete unless I
took some notice of the stray species which appear to be more or less
attached to a gigantic Ficus (allied to, if not identical with, the
F. sycamorus) which, although now scarce, may perhaps formerly
have been one of the most characteristic trees amongst the abo-
riginal timber with which we can imagine the islands to have
been partially and sparingly clothed. In the southern division of
the Group there are a few magnificent specimens of it still left,
INTRODUCTORY REMARES. XXX1
but even these are fast succumbing to that innate love for de-
struction which seems to be implanted in the very constitutions
of the short-sighted inhabitants, and which has resulted in the de-
pauperation of an archipelago which bears all the marks of having
once been well supplied’ with vegetation and streams. Although
small examples of it are to be met with in semicultivated grounds
throughout most of the islands, it was chiefly in 8. Iago and Fogo
that we observed, here and there, large detached trees which were
manifestly of native growth; and in the interior of the former we
had the good luck to fall in with one of them (perfectly prodigious
in size) which had been felled, and beneath the dead loosened bark
of which a multitude of Coleoptera seemed to have instinctively col-
lected together—as though driven, by pressure from without, into
one of the few resting-places which still remained for them in a
region which was formerly prolific. It may be true that some of
them would have been equally at home under the bark of any kind
of tree that happened to give them shelter; but the fact that we
met with certain of them elsewhere and always in connexion with
the same species of Fig, furnishes presumptive evidence that they
were even originally of Ficus-destroying propensities. At any rate
we can only take the circumstance as we find it, and point out the
conditions under which future naturalists may stand a chance of the
same amount of good fortune which happened to us in S. Iago. It
was in the Ribeira dos Orgios that the monstrous tree to which I
am now alluding happened to have been cut down; and it afforded
to Mr. Gray and myself an entomological treat for which, in such a
barren archipelago, we were totally unprepared.
I may mention that it was beneath the bark of this particular
Ficus that I noticed a Coleopterous larva which I believe to have
- been that of some Longicorn. Of course I may have been mistaken;
but if not, it is a significant fact—seeing that the section Eucerata
is actually unrepresented in the hitherto ascertained portion of the
Cape Verde fauna. With the exception of the Synchyta crenicollis,
the Paromalus digitatus, and the Tomicus trypancoides (which were
taken from a trunk of the same kind of Fig, close to the Villa da
Praia, in the same island of 8. Iago), the whole of the species enu-
merated below we captured under the bark of this single tree ; and
some of them were in such profusion that they deserve a passing
comment. This was marvellously the case as regards the Lemo-
phleus politissimus and the Synchyta impressa, and still more so
the minute Arthrolips testudinalis, the Lithocrus pallidus, and the
XXX11 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
Homalota subputrescens—which last three, nevertheless, can hardly
perhaps be looked upon as normally subcortical *. The Paromalus
digitatus may, or may not, be normally /icus-infesting ; for as I
secured but two examples of it, one of which was from beneath the
bark of a Fig and the other (in Fogo) from a Euphorbia, it has an
equal chance (so far as this amount of evidence goes) of pertaining
to either of those trees. The Tomicus trypancoides, though clearly
attached to the Ficus-trunk (which was lying on the ground) near
the Villa da Praia, appears also to be cherished by Ants ; for it was
lihewise, unmistakeably, in the society of the latter ; and indeed Mr.
Gray rescued a specimen of it from the very grasp of an Qeophthora,
which was carrying it carefully in its mouth. The Lemophleus,
although thus abundant under Fig-bark in 8. Iago, does unques-
tionably attack other trees likewise ; for in Brava we obtained a few
examples of it from a Jatropha curcas: but I have never observed
it amongst the Euphorbias (where its congener, the LZ. clavicollis,
reigns supreme).
Arthrolips testudinalis. Paromalus digitatus (?).
Lithocrus pallidus. Bostrychus Grayanus.
Synchyta impressa. Lyctus zequalis.
—— crenicollis. obsitus.
Ditoma lyctiformis. Tomicus trypanzeoides.
linearis. Hypophlceus ficicola.
Lemophleeus politissimus. —— longicollis.
Silvanus inarmatus. Homalota subputrescens.
Teretrius corticalis.
It is worth noting that the whole of these 17 species appear (so
far as I am aware) to be peculiar to the Cape Verdes,—which looks
as if the “subcortical” fauna (judging from this indication of its
remains) was more decidedly endemic than even the Euphorbian
one, which includes within it several types which are found equally
in the Madeiran and Canarian archipelagos.
And now, as regards the Jatropha curcus (or ‘ Physic-nut”),
when we consider how extensively it 1s cultivated throughout the
Cape Verde Group (entire hillsides, particularly in 8S. Iago, being
* T should state however that two out of these three (namely the Zzthocrus and
Homalata) were captured under precisely similar circumstances (and also in com-
pany with the Lemophleus politissimus and the Lyctus equalis) near the Villa
da Praia, namely beneath the loosened bark of this particular kind of Fig,—
which looks certainly as if they had some special connexion with it ; whilst the
flattened body of Arthrolips may possibly tend to imply that it, after, all, is
strictly of subcortical habits.
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. XXXIli
often clothed with it), we might perhaps have expected that it
would support a considerable fauna of its own—more especially
since its soft-wooded stems appear at times to be riddled through
and through by some special Coleopterous parasites. At any rate I
anticipated as much myself, and was rather disappointed therefore
at being seldom able (despite its promising appearance) to discover
anything at all which seemed to be attracted to it. And I may add
that this is borne out precisely by the experience of Mr. Gray. Still
it is clear, from the manner in which its dead branches are occa-
sionally perforated, that it must have at any rate a few beetle-de-
pendents ; and from the fact that I have in one or two instances (as
at Madeiral, in 8. Vicente) seen it completely devoured by multi-
tudes of the little Cryphalus mucronifer (which, be it observed, we
took, passim, in most of the islands), I am inclined to suspect that
that is the particular creature which does the work of destruction
amongst these most uninteresting shrubs. Once however, in the
Ribeira da Babosa of 8. Antonio, I met with many fragments of a
Lyctus which had been feeding within the decayed wood of an old
Jatropha-stump ; and it is possible therefore that, at a different
season of the year, we might find that species also in connexion with
it*. But, up to the present date, I have no evidence of any other
Coleopterous forms which are attached to the shrubs of the Physic-
Nut; and perhaps indeed, after all, this is to a certain extent in ac-
cordance with the fact that the Jatropha, although now so common,
is not indigenous in these islands, but has been planted for the pur-
poses of commerce.
General Considerations.—Although it would perhaps be premature,
until the outlying portions of the Group have been examined, to
attempt to generalize accurately concerning the beetle-fauna of the
Cape Verdes, yet I think that even the data which have already
been accumulated are abundantly sufficient to justify a few passing
* This Lyctus, judging from its fragmentary remains, is very closely allied to
the L. brunneus, Steph.,—an insect which is occasionally introduced, along with
certain articles of commerce, into various countries, and which occurs (though
whether it be truly indigenous, or not, I can scarcely tell) in both the Madeiran
and Canarian Groups. I think however that sufficient differences are indicated
(even in these broken specimens) to render it probable that it is not actually
identical with that species, and I have therefore described it as distinct under
the name of L. jatrophe. But at any rate its near affinity with the drwnneus
might well suggest a doubt as to whether it may not have been naturalized in
the Cape Verdes—if not with the J/atropha-plants themselves, by at all events
some other (accidental) means.
ce
XXXIV INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
remarks on certain primary peculiarities about which it seems
scarcely possible to be mistaken. In reviewing, then, what has
already been written, and taking a cursory glance at the large
amount of material from which the present Catalogue has been
compiled, the first fact which appears to strike us as surprising is—
that, in an archipelago situated thus far within the Tropics, the
character of the Coleoptera should, on the whole, be so much more
northern than we might have been prepared to anticipate. Of
course it cannot be asserted that this was equally the case before
the islands had been reduced to the dry and depauperated condition
in which we now find them; but it is conspicuously true that the
List, as here indicated, exhibits so small an amount of “ tropical”
types that one can scarcely persuade one’s self that it does really per-
tain to a country the position of which is so much more southern
than either the Canaries or Madeira. Certain species there unques-
tionably are in which an essentially “ African” element is more
traceable than is the case in those comparatively northern clusters ;
but, in spite of this, there are not more than about three forms (out
of the 278) which immediately proclaim themselves to be bond fide,
and without doubt, tropical. The three to which I allude are that
large Gyrinid (so widely spread throughout central and subnorthern
Africa) the Dineutus cereus, the Diplognatha gagates (a Cetoniad
which ranges from Senegal to the Cape of Good Hope, and which
may perhaps have been naturalized in the island where it occurs),
and that beautiful member of the Cassidid@ the Aspidomorpha cincta
—which, likewise, is common in the opposite regions of the African
continent. Possibly indeed I might associate with them the Hydra-
dephagous genus Copelatus, and the Brachelytrous ones Pinophilus
and Palaminus ; for they also are chiefly tropical in their distribu-
tion, and even the other three, although most at home within the
subequatorial districts, do occasionally extend (at any rate the first
two of'them) into those which are somewhat more temperate.
But by far the most interesting problem (arising out of our pre-
sent subject) which offers itself for notice is the one which bears
par excellence on the physical geography of the archipelago; and
here, therefore, I would tread with caution,—for rash inferences
are apt to do permanent mischief, and it is better to leave gene-
ralizations alone unless we can command sufficient data to render
them tenable. On purely theoretical points I shall consequently
keep silence, and confine myself merely to a few questions which
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. XXXV
seem as it were to stand out from the rest and challenge a discus-
sion. Of course the great enigma which occupies the foremost
rank, meeting us at the very outset, and from an attempted solution
of which we cannot escape, has reference to how far the Cape Verde
Group (as indicated by its Coleopterous fauna) is bound up with
those (placed, as they are, so monstrously to the north of it) which
constitute the Canaries and Madeira ; and it is fortunate, therefore,
that so far as the beetle-population of at least those clusters are con-
cerned, we have a tolerably accurate knowledge, which may tend to
help us in the present inquiry. When examining, in my ‘ Coleo-
ptera Atlantidum,’ the evidence with which the particular subject-
matter of that volume appeared to furnish us for the guondam union
of the various outlying islands of the Madeiras, Salvages, and Cana-
ries, I laid primary stress upon the fact that, while the most charac-
teristic types seem to permeate the entire archipelago, they are in
most instances represented on the different islands and islets by
what we are compelled to regard as different “species;” and I
thought that this (in conjunction with many other circumstances,
fully entered into) had a significant bearing upon the breaking-up
of a once-continuous tract—because if forms which had overrun the
latter were, by some sudden natural catastrophe, to be cut off into
separate assemblages, and be compelled for ever afterwards to re-
main asunder, one of the almost inevitable results would be a certain
amount of external modification (for the most part trifling and re-
strained within fixed limits) consequent upon the change, and upon
the formation of many distinct “ habitats” (differg widely inter se,
and some of them greatly depauperated) out of the original, larger
one. And I supported this idea by an appeal to the statistics—
which showed incontrovertibly that while the genera of the two
archipelagos are on the whole pretty much the same (at least as
regards those which are most remarkable and esoteric), the “ spe-
cies,” on the contrary, common to the Groups are so exceedingly
few in number that, out of 661 detected in the Madeiras, and 1007
in the Canaries, only about 200 (exclusive of a few which had been
introduced through the medium of commerce) seem to belong equally
to them both. So that the question appeared, to my mind, to turn
more upon a geological possibility than on anything else; for if
subsidencies sufficiently gigantic could be admitted as possible, and
might therefore be assumed to have taken place, I felt that it re-
quired no stretch of the imagination to conclude that a very large
c2
XXXVI INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
majority of such minute insular departures from a central form as
those which we now meet with would have resulted from them as a
matter of course, and would have been rapidly matured from their
respective types *,
Now these observations, which I made in 1865, concerning the
Madeiras and Canaries seem to me to be quite as applicable to the
Cape Verdes—and, moreover, not only to the cluster in its component
parts, but also to it as a whole (when considered in connexion with
those which are placed so much further to the north). And, in
* IT say “ rapidly matured” because I have no reason to think that the small
insular modifications to which I refer are the product of that slowly accumu-
lating infinitesimal divergence, in a given uniform direction, which certain
modern theories would suppose to be unceasingly going on throughout indefinite
time, but which seems to me, in nine cases out of every assumed ten, to have no
existence in the feral world. Such a process may occasionally be kept up by the
persevering intervention of a true controlling cause, such as that which is
implied by the skill and intellect of man; but we have no evidence that
“nature” (whatsoever the term may mean) is able to accomplish a task thus
difficult, and which requires not only sagacity and design, but, in instances
where 7d caddy is the special end to be attained, even ¢magination (in its
highest sense). I need scarcely add that a denial of this supreme power as
inherent in ‘‘nature” is perfectly compatible with a belief in those modifying
external influences which all experience assures us are ever liable to act, within
reasonable limits, and to leave their impress, upon organic structures, in accord=
ance with the exact amount of pliability which has been allotted to each sepa-
rate species; for this is totally distinct from that se/ective capability which we
are accustomed to regard as an integral part of free agency and will. Mere
variation we all know to be a fact; and, even if its importance is by some exag-
gerated, no one has ever yet questioned its existence: but I believe it can be
seldom be said to ‘‘ accumulate” during more than a few generations, or ever to
go on zcreasing in an undeviating course after the effect has been accom-
plished which is legitimately due to the combination of circumstances which
occasioned it. Towards the close of my introductory observations in the ‘ Co-
leoptera Atlandinum’ I cited the Madeiran Land-shells in support of this
thesis, showing that, so far at least as they are concerned, we possess ocular
demonstration that they have not altered during the enormous interval which
must have elapsed since the commencement of their subfossil era, except that
the size of a few of them appears to have been suddenly reduced (for there are
no traces of the intermediate grades of stature, which must have been preserved
under any process of a gradual dwindling-down), as though consequent upon
some physical catastrophe, or depauperation, in the areas over which they had
spread ; and this, supported by other considerations, led me to infer that the
many trifling insular departures which we meet with, from a central type, were
not, in all probability, brought about by any slow and imperceptible method of
long-continued, cumulative change, but in a comparatively short period (termi-
nating when the natural conditions of the newly-acquired habitats had ceased to
alter), and perhaps through the partial breaking-up of this vast Atlantic pro-
vince. At least some such inference seems borne out in many ways, and to
accord with the twofold fact that, while these trifling insular aberrations are
everywhere conspicuous, we have at the same time most unmistakeable evidence
of what I may almost call the wrchangeability of a large proportion of the pre-
sent forms. And although it is true that my remarks arose out of Madeiran
data, I am satisfied that they are equally applicable to the whole of these Sub-
african oceanic Groups.
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. XXXVll
proof of this, I might again allude to the statistics; for out of
169 genera which have been brought to light in the Cape Verdes,
no less than 123 are found in the higher archipelagos—whereas of
the 278 species hitherto met with, only 107 are in that predicament.
Or, in other words, while the general character of the Coleopterous
fauna is marvellously the same as that of the Canaries and Ma-
deira (despite many omissions, some of which may yet be supplied,
and a few southern additions), a comparatively small proportion of
the “species” are identical with the species of those Groups. I
say “‘ comparatively,” because the number 107 is in real truth, owt
of 268, an exceeding large one, and implies a wonderful agreement
between the very species of the Cape Verdes and those of the more
northern archipelagos ; but, great as the coincidence is, it seems
absolutely insignificant when contrasted with that of the genera—
as many as 123, out of 169, obtaining in the Madeiran and Cana-
rian islands also! Here, then, is a most remarkable fact,—namely,
that the amount of similarity between the beetles of the Cape Verdes
and those (combined) of the Madeiras and Canaries is even greater
than that which exists between those of the two archipelagos last men-
tioned—and this, moreover, despite the comparatively monstrous
distance which separates the former Group from these more northern
ones! Surely with such overwhelming evidence as this, which
mere numbers supply, I need scarcely appeal to the peculiarity of
a large proportion of the types which permeate the three clusters,
in illustration of the intimate manner in which the latter appear to
be connected amongst themselves. Yet the significance of such
forms as the almost blind, and apterous, Ant-associating Cossyphodes
(which bids fair to be discovered, sooner or later, on every one of
these widely-scattered islands), of the sand-infesting Pentatemnus
(likewise wingless and with but rudimentary eyes), of Piarus and
Microptinus (so essentially Canarian), of Cratognathus (which, under
some exponent or other, is seldom absent from these various oceanic
Groups), of the large Ditylus pallidus (a precise counterpart of the
Canarian and Salvages D. concolor), and of the Euphorbia-destroy-
ing Aphanarthrum, Liparthrum, Mesites, Lemophleus, Notiomimus,
and Microclerus, besides a host of others, will readily be appreciated
by every geographical entomologist who is acquainted with the affi-
nities and economy of their several Atlantic representatives. At
any rate, to my mind, the universal occurrence of such types as
these, in conjunction with that striking general similarity (and, to a
XXXVlli INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
great extent, even specific identity) of the whole Coleopterous popu-
lation of the three separate archipelagos, added to the irresistible
impression which is left by the agreement of the latter as regards
most of their physical peculiarities and phenomena, down to their
very geological structure and their position with reference to the
African continent, all combine to proclaim the islands to be but
outposts of a single gigantic province which has been rent asunder
and is now principally submerged.
With this broad statement of the conclusions which the beetle-
fauna of these three scattered archipelagos would appear to war-
rant,—conclusions which have been arrived at while ignoring
purposely all reference to geological difficulties (which may, or
may not, be insuperable), it might suffice for me to bring my
introductory chapter to a close, were it not desirable to add a few
general remarks on the amount of connexion which the Cape Verde
Coleoptera seem to possess with those of other countries extraneous
to the Madeiran and Canarian Groups. But, considering how im-
perfect our knowledge of the African fauna is, I would scrupulously
ayoid any rash generalizations from data which are insufficient ; and
when we take likewise into account the posszbility that a certain
quota of what I have been compelled to regard as distinct species
may prove eventually to be but insular phases of others which are
elsewhere known, it becomes doubly necessary to proceed with cau-
tion, and to speak only approximately on points which relate to
numbers and statistics. After giving full weight however to these
two facts, and making reasonable allowances for both of them, I
cannot satisfy myself that more than about 130, out of the 278 species
which have hitherto been detected in the Cape Verdes, are found (or
perhaps are likely to be found) on the African continent ; whilst
even of these the majority appear to occur rather in northern Africa
(ranging from Egypt, where there are at least 80 of them, through
Algeria, and down the western provinces) than, so far asI can judge,
south of the Sahara: and this, I believe, is pretty much in accord-
ance (relatively) with what obtains in the Canarian archipelago, or
at any rate is but slightly more African. With southern Europe I
do not think that the Cape Verde list (as at present ascertained) has
more than about 65 species in common ; and with America distinc-
tively (if we except the single genus Palaminus, which possibly may
have been naturalized in the islands) it seems to haye nothing what-
ever to do; but the very slight sprinkling of “tropical” forms
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 9.0.0.4 0.6
(already commented upon) which it includes bespeaks a certain small
amount of real affinity with central Africa. Hence we gather that
its “ African ” element is principally of a subnorthern, rather than
a tropical, character (though certainly, on the whole, a little more
southern than what is indicated in that of the Madeiras and Cana-
ries); whilst, at the same time, the number of its most remark-
able and suggestive forms which also permeate the higher archi-
pelagos, and do not appear to extend beyond them, is so consider-
able that what I may be permitted to call the “Atlantic type” is
undoubtedly (when taken in connexion with Atlantic deficiencies)
the most striking feature which it presents.
~ 7 y “ : _ = a ne ; :
7 1 eater bilo adbeast Sig me tad Supe
: : , Wine nell LA Leal the vin ite, fare)
_ tron iefpe 4 Ta Monod eg al yo italy Smeal
= nets Men wl sito dle ar vet orerg beibedkh) qatiarrinl (
a wee) begacvaln eed te Wit ri fretaoloat a} fda
Be ater 2m ewer on cad auth ull, el), Ope ath Bil os
7 abiimaaA veer wit wWaeavany wal, lola, Ae nth
Sad Dantes, cm el en ey ee a Lown wag of iia
- ae op h wie. Sou baa of PN ee | 7 ‘
awn Caen le tint! A Chive otetotiatias oe iy Bodied innityp
= an » sie ie ae ae wi itigh .
=
1 7 —
4
.
— =
e of ;
1
"y
. ; j
=
S aes
. ~ =
' we yo aa
x ’
Re ; "s
paar 4 7) &
e 7
7 i 7
~
re bs a. »)
i a r = + vi :
ey Wiis La i.
* Line a)
Se ES
COLEOPTERA HESPERIDUM.
Fam. 1. CICINDELIDZ.
Genus 1. CICINDELA.
Linneeus, Syst. Nat. 11. 657 (1767).
1. Cicindela hesperidum.
C. angustula, capite prothoraceque late viridescente, cuprescente et
eenescente variegatis; labro mandibularumque basi dilute testa-
ceis, illo brevi antice truncato et dente medio minutissimo armato ;
oculis intus subangulatim emarginatis ; elytris obscurioribus, aspe-
rato-punctatis, lunula humerali apicalique necnon punctis 4(duobus
anterioribus confluentibus) testaceis ornatis, ad apicem distincte
serratis et singulatim leviter rotundatis, sutura (atque etiam circa
scutellum ) subelevata.—Long. corp. lin. 4-54.
Cicindela hesperidum, Woll., Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 92 (1861).
Habitat 8. Vicente; & DD. Gray et Clark, Decembri 1856, depre-
hensa.
Obs.—Species C. littorali affinis ; sed minor, angustior, maculis
vix similibus pallidioribus ; elytris rugosius punctatis, ad apicem
magis fortiter serratis, singulatim rotundatis et spinula suturali
media majore terminatis, sutura antice magis elevata (costa etiam
circa scutellum continuata); capite, prothorace pedibusque letius
cuprescentibus ; oculis intus paulo magis angulatim emarginatis ;
labro breviore, antice magis truncato, in medio haud sinuato et
denticulo multo minore instructo ; mandibulis vix minoribus, ad
basin externam breyius albidis ; antennis paulo gracilioribus, art®
1™° minore ; femoribus gracilioribus, corporeque subtus fere im-
punctato.
The two specimens which are now before me of this Cicindela were
captured by Mr. Gray and the Rev. Hamlet Clark, during thew day’s
sojourn at S. Vicente, in December 1856. They were taken in a low
spot, behind the sea-beach, about a mile to the south of Porto Grande
B
2 CICINDELID.
(where the species appears to have been rather abundant); and I
have examined others, from the collection of Mr. A. Fry. Owing
however to the lateness, and unusual dryness, of the season during
our recent expedition, we did not meet with it. It is not impos-
sible that it may be, in reality, but a geographical phasis of the
widely-spread C. littoralis—which is found in the south of Europe,
the Levant, in various parts of Africa, and even in Siberia; but
since it possesses a number of small characters which distinguish
it from that insect, and I have already separated it therefrom, I
will not re-amalgamate the two. And in that case, perhaps, I
cannot do better than cite the observations which I made concerning
it (in the ‘ Ann. of Nat. Hist.’) in 1861.
“A single example of this Cicindela, which I forwarded to Ber-
lin three years ago, was regarded by Dr. Schaum as a variety of the
widely-distributed C. littoralis ; and, indeed, did its only differences
from that insect consist in size, colour, and the slightly altered pro-
portions of its paler patches, I should certainly have been of the
Same opinion myself. But the subsequent comparison of a large
number of examples with types of the littoralis from Northern
Africa has brought to light so many constant, and even structural,
distinctions (however small) that I cannot but receive them, in
conjunction with those less important ones of external contour, as
of specific signification. Thus it is not merely smaller than the
hitoralis, more brightly metallic in parts, and with the spots paler
and rather differently proportioned, but its elytra are more roughly
punctured, much more evidently serrate at their apex, and sepa-
rately rounded-off, causing the spiniform termination of the suture
to be larger. The suture also is more raised, particularly in front,
where the elevation is continued round the hinder portion of the
scutellum ; its eyes are rather more angularly emarginate inter-
nally ; its antennee and femora are somewhat slenderer (the former
having their basal joint, especially, less robust); its mandibles are
not quite so elongate, and with the white stripe at their outer base
shorter; its body beneath is almost impunctate; and its upper lip
is very differently constructed—being not only much shorter, but
more truncate in front, wnsinuated in the middle, and with a much
smaller central tooth.”
2. Cicindela egyptiaca.
C’. preecedenti sensim magis (tamen obscure) viridis, preecipue vires-
cente et cupreo irrorata—sc. elytrorum punctis (minus asperatis)
CICINDELID. 3
virescentibus sed intervallis lete cupreo et obscurius subnes-
cente tinctis; elytris lunula tenui humerali apicalique (hae in
supera parte ampliato-irregulari), fascié tenui externa media
arcuata (in disco late interrupta), maculaque laterali postmedia,
omnibus per marginem lateralem fere connexis, necnon macula
parva discali rotundataé ante medium (et ultra apicem lunule
humeralis) sita, albido-testaceis ornatis.—Long. corp. lin. circa 5.
Cicindela eegyptiaca, (Klug) Dej., Spec. Gén. des Col. i. 96 (1825).
vicina, Woll. {nec Dej.|, Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 93 (1861).
Halitat 8. Vicente, et S. Iago; hinc inde in inferioribus.
The remains of a Cicindela, from which I have drawn out the
above diagnosis, were taken by Mr. Gray in the Palm-grove adjoin-
ing the eastern outskirts of the Villa da Praia, in S. Iago; and,
judging from the description of that species, as well as from an
Egyptian and Sicilian type, I have little doubt that it is the C.
egyptiaca—which, I may add, is recorded by Erichson amongst his
supposed “‘ Angolan”’ Coleoptera, many of which however were in
reality from these islands (and not from Angola at all). The num-
ber of wing-cases which were present in that particular locality
would seem to imply that the insect may be common at the proper
time of the year; but our cruise having been undertaken too late
in the season, which moreover was an unusually dry one, we did
not obtain it in a living state.
Unfortunately I have not now access to some examples of a Cicin-
dela which were captured formerly by Mr. Fry in S. Vicente, and
which (in 1861) I identified with the C. vicina which occurs on the
opposite coast of Africa ; but I feel tolerably sure that the S. Vicente
individuals must be conspecific with this one, from 8. Iago, and I am
now sufficiently satisfied that the latter (at all events) is the egyp-
taaca rather than the vicina, At any rate the two species them-
selves are so nearly allied iter se that it is far from impossible
that they may be but modifications of a single type found on oppo-
site sides of the African continent ; though, on the other hand, if
this should be the case, it would seem more likely @ priori that the
Cape Verde Cicindela would be identical with the one from Senegal,
than with that (to which I have referred it) from Egypt.
Whether referable however to the egyptiaca or vicina (and, as
just stated, I feel pretty sure that it coincides with the former), the
present Cicindela, although of a dull hue, is distinctly greener and
more metallic than the C. hesperidum ; and its elytra (the punctures
of which are less asperate) have their markings slenderer and differ-
B2
A. CARABID®.
ently shaped—-the (very much narrower) lunate humeral one having
an additional rounded, detached spot (at a little distance from its
extremity) on the fore disk; whilst the medial transverse band of
the hesperidum (formed by the suffusion of two large patches) is
here replaced by a comparatively thin and backwardly-curved
streak, which terminates posteriorly in a detached comma-shaped
streak, which represents the rounded spot on the inner hinder disk
of the hesperidum.
Fam. 2. CARABIDA.
(Subfam. I. CARABIDES.)
Genus 2. CALOSOMA.
Weber, Observat. Entom. 20 (1801).
3. Calosoma senegalense.
C. obscure eeneum; capite prothoraceque dense et distincte punc-
tulatis, necnon transversim rugulosis, hujus angulis posticis vix
productis sed argute determinatis; coleopteris costato-lineatis,
grossissime transversim imbricatis, in interstitiis grosse uniseria-
tim tuberculatis, punctis lete metallicis in triplici serie utrinque
ornatis ; tibiis posterioribus masculis leviter curvatis.—Long. corp.
fim:
Calosoma senegalense, Dej., Spec. Gén. des Col. v. 562 (1851).
, Woll., Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 95 (1861).
Habitat S. Vicente, 8. Iago, Fogo, et Brava; passim.
The dull brassy hue and most coarsely sculptured, longitudinally-
costate elytra of this large Calosoma, which has its hinder protho-
racic angles scarcely at all produced, will readily distinguish it from
the two following species. It appears to be widely distributed over
the archipelago, where indeed (as it occurs likewise on the African
continent) we may expect that it will be found ultimately to be
universal; but as our late cruise was undertaken during one of the
driest seasons of the year, we did not obtain it at all in a living
state. I took its remains, however, in 8. lago, Fogo, and Brava ;
and it was captured formerly in 8. Vicente by Mr. Fry.
4, Calosoma tegulatum, n. sp.
C. nigrum ; capite prothoraceque dense sed paulo levius punctulatis,
et sepius paulo minus rugulosis, hujus margine antico magis
sinuato et angulis posticis productis sed rotundatis ; coleopteris
punctato-striatis et levius transversim imbricatis, interstitiis con-
CARABIDE. 5
vexis, punctis metallicis in triplici serie utrinque ornatis ; tibiis
posterioribus masculis sat distincte curvatis.—Long. corp. lin.
HOLT.
Calosoma Maderze, Jol. [nec Fub.], Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 95 (1861).
Habitat S. Antao, 8S. Vicente, et Fogo ; hine inde.
A Calosoma which we may be pretty sure is, during the proper
season of the year, quite as universal as the other two. I met with
mutilated portions of it in 8S. Antio, S. Vicente, and Fogo; and
some fine examples have lately been communicated from 8S. Vicente
by Mr. Miller, the English consul for the Cape Verdes. Mr. Miller’s
specimens were taken at Areia Branca, and he describes the odour
emitted by them (after the fashion so common amongst the Calosomas)
as exceedingly strong and pungent. Although a large species, it is
intermediate in size between the senegalense and the imbricatum ;
and it is also blacker than either of them, and less roughly sculp-
tured—its elytra being punctate-striate, and less coarsely imbri-
cated transversely ; and its prothorax has the anterior margin more
sinuate, with the hinder angles (although a good deal produced) more
rounded or obtuse.
I have not access now to Mr. Fry’s types, but I feel almost sure
either that this is the species which was taken formerly by him in
S. Vicente, and which I cited in the ‘ Annals of Nat. Hist.’ as the
Madere (or, which is the same thing, indagator) of Fabricius (and
which Dr. Schaum must have wrongly identified subsequently with
Heer’s C. azoricum), or else (which I am inclined to think is more
likely still) that Mr. Fry’s examples were the veritable azoricum, but
were not captured in the Cape Verdes at all, And this latter supposi-
tion is the more probable, since Mr. Fry did actually obtain the C.
azoricum in the island of Terceira, on his homeward route to Eng-
land,—so that there is a fair possibility of his having inadvertently
mixed up, afterwards, one or two of his Azorean specimens with those
from 8. Vicente. At any rate, until positive evidence has been brought
to light, I prefer ether of the above hypotheses to the risk of per-
petuating what may perhaps be a serious topographical blunder—for
the sake of augmenting the present Catalogue, by admitting into it
a more northern form concerning the true existence of which in these
islands I have, to say the least, considerable doubt *.
* From the C. indagator, which occurs sparingly in Mediterranean latitudes,
and which is common in the Madeiran and Canarian Groups, the C. tegulatwm
differs in being on the average a little smaller and less shining, and in its pro-
thorax being not gwite so thickly punctulated, whilst the sculpture of its elytra
6 CARABID.
5. Calosoma imbricatum.
C. nigrum, plus minus eeneo-virescente tinctum ; capite prothorace-
que dense et sat distinete punctulatis, necnon transversim rugulosis,
hujus angulis posticis subacute productis; coleopteris (ad humeros
vix rectioribus) subundulate obscurius punctato-striatis et grosse
transversim imbricatis, interstitiis convexis, punctis metallicis in
triplici serie utrinque ornatis; tibiis in utroque sexu fere rectis.—
Long. corp. lin. 8-9.
Calosoma imbricatum, Alug, Symb. Phys. iii. pl. 23. f. 11 (1830).
, Woll., Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 95 (1861).
Habitat 8. Vicente, 8. Iago, et Brava; hine inde, presertim in in-
ferioribus.
It is only in 8. Vicente, 8. Iago, and Brava that this Calosoma
has been observed, but in all probability it will be ascertained to be
general throughout the archipelago. It was found by Mr. Gray in a
living state, during his former cruise, near the Villa de Praia in
S. Iago, and near the Porto da Furna in Braya—in both of which
localities we met with the remains of it during our late expedition;
and it was taken, several years ago, in 8. Vicente by Mr. Fry. It
is smaller than the C. senegalense and tequlatum ; and in colour and
sculpture it is somewhat intermediate between them—hbeing black,
with a slight greenish-brassy tinge, whilst its elytra are much less
coarsely imbricated than those of the former, but more so than
those of the latter. Its strie are more undulated, and less con-
spicuously punctured than in the tegulatum; the hinder angles of its
prothorax, although about equally produced, are more acute; and
its male tibie are appreciably less curved.
(Subfam. IT. SCARITIDES.)
Genus 3. DYSCHIRIUS.
Bonelli, Observat. Entom. i. (1809).
is very much coarser—their strize being considerably deeper, the punctures con-
siderably larger, and the transverse imbrications (or rwg@) both more conspicu-
ous and less undulated. From the C. azoricum it may be known by its pro-
thorax (which has the front margin more sinuate, the hinder one wxthickened,
and the basal angles more produced) being a little broader and less abbreviated,
and not guite so subangulate on either side in the middle—by its elytra being
much more coarsely sculptured (their striz being considerably wider, deeper,
and more strongly punctured, their interstices convexer and more straightly
and largely imbricated, and their longitudinal impressions conspicuously more
developed and less metallic)—and by the four posterior tibiz of its male sex
being, as in the C. éndagafor, rather powerfully curved. It is consequently more
allied to the indagator than to the azoricum.
CARABIDA. 7
6. Dyschirius auriculatus, n. sp.
D. elongatus, nigro-sneus; capite prothoraceque paulo nigrescen-
tioribus, illius elypeo in medio recte truncato, utrinque in angu-
lum (vel lobum) auriculiformem magnum porrectum producto,
hée convexo ovato ; elytris cylindricis, punctato-striatis, striis ad
basin ipsam evanescentibus, prime puncto basali (se. juxta scutel-
lum) obsoleto, interstitio tertio punctis 3 longitudinaliter notato ;
antennis brevibus, ferrugineis ; pedibus piceis, tibiis anticis extus
minute bidenticulatis——Long. corp. lin. 2}.
Habitat 8. Vicente ; in luto Salini cujusdam parvi juxta mare siti,
Februario exeunte, bis deprehensus.
Obs.—Species D. extenso, Putz., europeeo, prima facie valde
affinis, sed antennis sensim brevioribus, tibiis anticis extus
bispinulosis (nec integris), elytrisque minus profunde punctato-
striatis, striis ad basin ipsam evanescentibus necnon puncto basali
(juxta scutellum) obsoleto differre videtur.
Two examples of this large and cylindrical Dyschirius were taken
by myself, at the end of February 1866, in 8. Vicente—on the slimy
mud of an old Saltern, in a flat and sandy spot immediately behind
the sea-beach, about a mile to the south of Porto Grande. It bears
so close a resemblance, at first sight, to the D. extensus of more
northern latitudes that it might well nigh be regarded as a perma-
nent geographical state of that species; nevertheless its distinctive
characters, although small, are so decided that I feel sure it would
be most unsafe to treat it practically as such. Thus its anterior
tibize (instead of being simple) are armed with two minute spinules
on their outer edge, its antenne are appreciably shorter, and its
elytra, which are less deeply sculptured, have their striee evanescent
at the extreme base, as well as the punctiform impression from
which the first and second strize usually arise obsolete.
(Subfam. III. LEBIADES.)
Genus 4. PLATYTARUS.
L. Fairmaire, Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de France, Bull. xvii. (1850).
7. Platytarus Faminii.
Cymindis Faminii, Dej., Spee. Gén. des Col. ii. 447 (1826).
, L. Fairm., Faun. Ent. Frang. 33 (1854).
Platytarus Faminii, MWoll., in Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 95 (1861).
Habitat 8. Vicente, mihi non obvius; a Dom. Fry mense Octobri
captus.
8 CARABID.
Five examples of this Mediterranean insect have been communi-
cated by Mr. A. Fry, by whom they were taken “ under grass” at
S. Vicente during the month of October. They seem to be truly
referable to the P. Fuminii, and not to the mauritanicus (as L
should rather have anticipated) from northern Africa.
Genus 5. TARUS.
Clairville, Ent. Helv. ii. 94 (1806).
8. Tarus alutaceus, n. sp.
T. rufo- (rarius nigro-) brunneus, in limbo dilutior, depressus, alu-
taceus, subopacus ; prothorace subquadrato-cordato, ad latera late
explanato, angulis ipsissimis posticis angulatim exstantibus, versus
basin et latera punctis levibus parce irrorato ; elytris striatis, ad
humeros obtuse rotundatis; antennis, palpis pedibusque brunneo-
testaceis.—Long. corp. lin. 33—vix 4.
Habitat 8. Nicolao ; sub lapidibus in summo monte ‘‘ Gordo” ele-
vato, mense Februario a.p. 1864 ceperunt DD. Gray et Lowe.
Several examples of this fine Tarus were taken by Mr. Gray and
the Rey. R. T. Lowe, from beneath stones, on Monte Gordo, the
highest peak in 8. Nicolao, during February 1864. Its large size,
reddish-brown hue, and alutaceous (but almost unpunctulated) sur-
face, combined with its rather wider and more margined prothorax,
and the somewhat more obtusely rounded humeral angles of its
slightly wider elytra, will readily separate it from the following two
species.
9. Tarus Dohrnii, n. sp.
T. precedenti affinis, sed omnino subangustior, paulo obscurius
coloratus, ac sensim nitidior (aut minus alutaceus); prothorace
ad latera minus explanato-recurvo, necnon versus basin et latera
rugosius parce punctato; elytris subcrenulato-striatis, in interstitiis
punctulis minutissimis levissimis parcissime irroratis.— Long. corp.
lin. 33.
Habitat 8. Antéo ; in montibus septentrionalibus exemplar unicum
cepit cl. H. Dohrn, M.D., cujus in honorem nomen triviale pro-
posul.
It is possible that this may represent but a permanent insular
state of the preceding species, peculiar to 8. Antao; but as the only
example from which I have to judge, and which was taken by Dr.
H. Dohrn on the mountains towards the north of that island, pos-
sesses undoubted characters of its own, I do not think it would be
CARABIDE. 9
safe to treat it practically as such. I have therefore retained it as
distinct, dedicating it to its captor. It appears to be a trifle nar-
rower and more shining than the alutaceus, and altogether a little
darker in hue; its prothorax is less broadly margined at the sides,
and with the punctures coarser and deeper ; and its elytra have their
strie perceptibly (though finely) crenulated, their interstices spa-
ringly sprinkled with very minute, shallow punctules, and their basal
rim slightly less curved, and less elevated, towards the scutellum.
10. Tarus anchomenoides, n. sp.
T. paliide rufo-ferrugineus, vel brunneo-testaceus, subconvexus,
nitidus, minutissime sed parce punctulatus ; prothorace angusto,
subcordato, ad latera anguste marginato, angulis posticis obtusis
(haud prominentibus) ; elytris abbreviatis (apice late truncatis),
subyentricosis, leviter striatis, margine basali mox intra humeros
(quare longe ante scutellum) evanescente; antennis, palpis et
presertim pedibus pallidioribus.—Long. corp. lin. 23-vix 3.
Habitat 8. Vicente; sub lapidibus quisquiliisque in montibus occur-
rens.
Readily known from the two preceding species by its smaller size,
pale rufo-ferruginous hue (particularly of the elytra), and its con-
yexer, rather more shining surface—which is very sparingly be-
sprinkled with exceedingly minute and shallow punctules. Its
prothorax is narrow and subcordate, and less recurved at the sides
(the lateral margin only being thickened), and with the extreme
hinder angles not produced into a minute denticle; and its elytra
are subyentricose, much shortened posteriorly, and with their basal
rim carried round the humeral region merely and there terminated,
instead of being continued so as to meet the short scutellary stria.
Like the other Zari, it appears to occur only in the higher eleva-
tions, and (so far as observed hitherto) only in 8. Vicente—where it
was captured by Mr. Gray and myself, during January 1866, be-
neath stones and refuse, on the extreme summit of Monte Verde.
Genus 6. DROMIUS.
Bonelli, Observ. Ent. ii. tab. syn. (1818).
11. Dromius attenuatus, n. sp.
D. testaceus, nitidiusculus, haud punctatus; capite ovali; protho-
race angusto, subcordato, canaliculato, angulis posticis haud pro-
minulis sed rotundate subrectis ; elytris ellipticis, apice truncatis,
10 CARABID&.
antice attenuatis, fere simplicibus (rarius obsoletissime substriatis),
per suturam necnon in fascia postmedia, utrinque valde abbre-
viata, plus minus obsoleta, obscurioribus.—Long. corp. lin, 1%.
Habitat 8. Vicente ; sub quisquiliis in montibus, rarissimus.
In general affinity this pallid Dromius belongs to somewhat the
same type as the Canarian D. amenus; nevertheless it is much
smaller and paler than that insect, its prothorax is more sinuated in
front of the hinder angles, and its (elliptical) elytra are almost wn-
striated, more narrowed (or drawn-in) anteriorly, but nevertheless
with the evtreme humeral angles themselves better defined (or less
rounded off), and with the obscured portions (which are often barely
traceable) very much paler,—the postmedial fascia, moreover, being
so much abbreviated on either side as to assume (in combination
with the clouded suture) more the form of an elongated hastate
mark (as in the European D. longiceps and others) than of a trans-
verse band. Yet an accurate inspection of it, simultaneously with
the D. amenus, and other species, would seem to imply that this
slightly darkened postmedial cloud is in reality occasioned by a
laterally-abbreviated fascia.
The D. attenuatus is evidently very scarce, and confined chiefly to
lofty altitudes,—a few specimens of it having been taken by Mr.
Gray and myself, during January 1866, from beneath refuse, on the
extreme summit of Monte Verde in 8S. Vicente. We likewise met
with it however, though sparingly, at a lower elevation, at Madei-
ralzinho, in the same island.
12. Dromius submaculatus.
D. niger, interdum obsoletissime (vix perspicue) subseneo tinctus,
alutaceus (aut potius subtilissime transversim reticulatus) sed
tamen nitidiusculus; prothorace brevi, transverso, canaliculato,
intra angulos posticos (subprominulos, recurvos) profunde im-
presso; elytris convexiusculis, obsolete striatis, macula humerali
plus minus obscura suffusé testaceore utrinque ornatis ; antennis,
palpis pedibusque breviusculis, gracilibus, plus minus saturate
testaceis.—Long. corp. lin. 13-13.
Dromius submaculatus, Woll., in Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 94 (1861).
Habitat 8. Antio, 8. Vicente, S. Iago, et Fogo; in inferioribus sed prae-
cipue intermediis, sub quisquiliis foliisque aridis, necnon circa
radices graminum, late diffusus.
The short, transverse prothorax of this Dromius, in conjunction
CARABIDA. eh
with its somewhat brassy-black hue, the suffused, more or less ob-
scure, paler blotch at the shoulder of each elytron, and its rather
abbreviated, but slender, diluted-testaceous limbs, will at once
separate it from everything else with which we have here to do.
In its general contour and colouring it more resembles a Metabletus
of the obscuroguttatus and patruelis type than a true Dromius; but
as its mentum is quite toothless in the centre, it cannot be referred
to the former of those groups. .
The D. submaculatus is widely spread over the archipelago, and
will most likely be found to be universal,—occurring beneath dead
leaves and refuse, and around the roots of dry grass, chiefly at low
and intermediate altitudes. The first examples of it which came
under my observation and from which the original diagnosis was
compiled, were taken by Mr. A. Fry, many years ago, during the
month of October, in 8. Vicente—in which island I have myself
captured it (principally at Madeiralzinho), as well asin 8. Antao (at
Tarrafal, the Ribeira Fria, and the Ribeira das Patas), around the
Villa da Praia in S. Iago, and at the Pico Pires and Monte Nucho in
Fogo ; in all of which, except the last, it was found likewise by Mr.
Gray.
Genus 7. METABLETUS.
Schm.-Gobel, Stett. Ent. Zeit. 890 (1846).
13. Metabletus Grayii, n. sp.
M. niger, eneo tinctus, alutaceus sed tamen nitidus; prothorace
quadrato-cordato, canaliculato, intra angulos posticos (subpro-
minulos, recurvos, obtusos) late impresso ; elytris obsolete striatis,
apice trisinuatis, in plaga obliqua humerali, margine laterali fas-
cidque transversa apicali magis testaceis ; antennis, palpis pedibus-
que testaceo-piceis.— Long. corp. lin. 2-2}.
Habitat 8. Nicoléo; in montibus excelsis a Dom. Gray lectus, cujus
in honorem speciem citavi.
A large and beautiful Metabletus on the patruelis and obscuro-
guitatus type—being more allied to the former in markings, and to
the latter in general contour. It is however very much larger and
more enescent than either of them, and its elytra have their shoul-
ders more obtusely rounded and their apical margin more sinuate.
So far as colouring is concerned, in addition to the oblique humeral
patch which is common both to the patruelis and obscuroguttatus, it
possesses the apical fascia and diluted lateral margin (but not the
longitudinal discal dash) of the former ; and its elytra are relatively a
12 CARABIDE.
little shorter than is the case in that species. Six examples of it were
taken by Mr. Gray, during February 1864, towards the summit of
Monte Gordo—the highest mountain in 8, Nicolao ; and I have much
pleasure in dedicating it to its captor—whose accurate entomological
researches have, in conjunction with my own, supplied the greater
part of the material from which the present volume has been com-
piled.
Genus 8. BLECHRUS.
Motschulsky, Budl. de Mose. iii. 219 (1847).
14. Blechrus strigicollis, n. sp.
B. niger, elytris magis testaceis; capite prothoraceque obsolete seneo
tinctis, subnitidis, subdepressis, illo substriguloso-granulato, hée
subcordato, angulis ipsissimis posticis prominulis, per discum
grosse longitudinaliter strigoso; elytris parallelis, abbreviatis
(postice valde truncatis), subopacis, alutaceis, leviter striatis,
saturate testaceis sed in limbo (preesertim circa scutellum) plus
minus nigrescentibus ; pygidio nitidissimo, nigro-seneo ; antennis,
palpis femoribusque piceis, tibiis tarsisque saturate testaceis; alis
minutis, obsoletis.—Long. corp. lin. 13.
Habitat 8. Antiio, 8. Vicente, et Fogo; sub lapidibus neecnon circa
radices graminum in locis paululum elevatis (rarius in omnino
inferioribus) degens.
In size and general aspect the present Blechrus has perhaps more
in common with the European B. plagiatus than with any other
species : indeed a believer in the full doctrine of development might
recognize in the pale elytra of the strigicollis a mere enlargement of
the testaceous blotch which usually adorns the two elytral disks of
that insect. Yet in reality this is but a superficial view to take ; for
there are additional characters in abundance to distinguish it, one or
two of which are almost anomalous. I allude especially to the
peculiarity of sculpture, which is quite unprecedented in any of the
Dromii (and allied forms) with which I am acquainted ; for the con- _
spicuous (but sometimes broken) longitudinal strigee which occupy
the entire space down the middle of its prothorax, in conjunction
with its coarsely granulated head (on the forehead of which smaller
and fainter strigee are likewise traceable), are exceedingly curious.
Its elytra are alutaceous and very short (being much truncated
behind); but its pygidium (as in the Blechri generally) is remark-
ably brilliant, and with a strong senescent lustre.
The B. strigicollis seems to reside principally at the roots of grass
CARABIDA. 13
and under stones, in arid spots at a few hundred feet above the sea
—apparently not ascending into the highest districts, and but seldom
occurring in the very lowest. It was taken by myself in S. Antao
and 8. Vicente, and by Mr. Gray in the latter island and Fogo. My
S. Antao specimens are from Tarrafal and the mountains above the
Ribeira Fria and the Ribeira da Babosa; whilst the S. Vicente ones
were taken principally on the summit of a rounded hill about two
miles from Porto Grande, and below the house of the English consul
(Mr. Miller).
Genus 9. AMBLYSTOMUS*.
Erichson, Kaf. der Mark Brand. i. 59 (1837).
15. Amblystomus viridulus.
A, viridulo-piceus, nitidus, fere impunctatus; capite magno; pro-
thorace brevi, transverso, lunulato-subcordato, angulis posticis
rotundate obtusis, basi valde profunde transversim impresso ;
elytris levissime striatis, seepius obsoletissime subtestaceo-dilutio-
ribus ; antennis gracilibus, fuscis, ad basin (in articulis circa 4)
palpisque rufo-testaceis; pedibus gracilibus, fusco-piceis, tibiis
tarsisque testaceis.—Long. corp. lin. 13-2.
Hispalis viridulus, Erich., in Wiegm. Arch. ix. 217 (1843).
Amblystomus viridulus, Woll., in Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 97 (1861).
Habitat 8. Antao, et 8. Vicente; sub lapidibus, necnon circa radices
graminum, in inferioribus intermediisque occurrens.
The slightly metallic-green tinge of this Amblystomus (the elytra
of which are for the most part very obsoletely diluted in hue, or as
it were faintly testaceous or subpellucid—when viewed obliquely),
combined with its short, sublunulate-cordate prothorax, will suffi-
ciently distinguish it. It is rather a common insect, at low and in-
termediate altitudes, in 8. Vicente—where it occurs beneath stones,
* Although placed by Dejean amongst his Acupalpz, of the Harpalides—a
position which has approximately been conceded to it by Erichson, Lacordaire,
Duyal, and others—I nevertheless believe that Amblystomus is strictly a ‘ Tron-
catipenn,” and a member of the Lediades; and I am glad to observe that
Schaum took the same view. Apart from the reasons adduced by him, its
general affinities (no less than its habits) seem to me to be with Dromdus, Meta-
életus, and the allied forms; for not only is the shape of the prothorax (a most
significant item) on the same type as in those groups, but its short and slender
limbs, as well as its sculpture and very colour, are far more suggestive of the
insects which compose them than of those which are akin to Bradycellus and
Stenolophus. Yndeed the almost unpunctured, submetallic surfaces of the two
Amblystomi described above are completely after the fashion which obtains in
Metabletus; whilst the actual markings of the A. /ineatus are so absurdly the
counterpart of what is the case in the M. patrwelis as to supply still further
presumptive evidence of its relationship (so to speak) with the latter.
14 CARABID.®.
and around the roots of grass ; and I took a single example of it at e
low altitude in 8. Antéo, namely at Carvoeiros (the point of the coast
exactly opposite to Porto Grande, the harbour of 8. Vicente). In8.
Vicente it was captured by Messrs. Gray and Clark, as well as by Mr.
A. Fry, several years ago ; and, during our late visit, it was met with
abundantly by Mr. Gray and myself in the vicinity of Porto Grande—
more particularly on the summit of a rounded hill about a mile below
the residence of the English Consul, Mr. Miller.
16. Amblystomus lineatus, n. sp.
A, viridulo-niger, subnitidus, fere impunctatus ; capite magno ; pro-
thorace subcordato, angulis posticis rotundatis, basi profunde
transversim impresso ; elytris levissime striatis (striis versus latera
obsoletis), singulis linea testaceé ab humeris (et ibidem obliqua),
per discum (ibidem recta) usque ultra medium ducta et ibidem ad
suturam incurva, ornatis; antennis gracilibus, nigro-fuscis, ad
basin (in articulis circa 3) palpisque rufo-testaceis ; pedibus gra-
cilibus, nigro-piceis, tibiis tarsisque (breviusculis) testaceis.
Variat linea elytrorum testacea in medio obsoleta, fracta, disyuncta.
—Long. corp. lin. 13-13.
Habitat 8. Antio, et 8. Iago; regionibus editioribus, nisi fallor,
proprius, necnon ibidem rarissimus.
A most distinct and interesting Amblystomus, apparently of the
greatest rarity—having been captured, very sparingly, by Mr. Gray
and myself, at a lofty altitude, on the mountains in the central
region of S. Antaéo. We first found it on the upland slopes above
the Ribeira da Babosa, and subsequently on the Campo Radondo
(which is considerably higher still). Hence I cannot but regard it
as a strictly alpine species; and it was therefore with some surprise
and perplexity that I afterwards met with its mutilated remains
on the sea-level in 8. Iago—namely, in the Palm-grove adjoining
the eastern outskirts of the Villa da Praia. It was merely the ely-
tra that occurred ; nevertheless the colour, sculpture, and markings
are (in this case) all so unmistakeable that I have no hesitation
about identifying them; and it has since struck me that, as the flat
piece of ground on which they were picked up is alongside a water-
course which must occasionally (even in that arid district) be filled
by the rapid autumnal floods, the fragments in question (along with
those perhaps of other insects also) may have been accidentally
brought down from some higher tract—a contingency to which I
may possibly have again to advert in my observations on the Ptero-
CARABID. rD
stichus profunde-crenatus, Which would seem to be in much the same
predicament.
Although likewise with a very faint metallic-green tinge, the A.
lineatus is on the average a trifle smaller and blacker than the vi7-
dulus,and each of its elytra is ornamented with a testaceous line (which
however is sometimes partly obsolete) extending from the shoulder
(where it is oblique) down the inner disk (where it is straight, and
parallel to the suture) to about the midway point between the centre
and apex—where it is suddenly curved inwards, so as to join the cor-
responding line (of the other elytron) at the suture. In minor par-
ticulars, the A. lineatus is just perceptibly less shining (or more alu-
taceous) than its ally; its prothorax is a little longer and more cordate,
somewhat less deeply impressed along the base, and with the hinder
angles rather more rounded-off; its outer elytral strize are perhaps still
more obsolete; its antenne and femora are a shade darker; and its
feet are, if anything, more abbreviated.
Genus 10. KENOTHORAX (nov. gen.).
Instrumenta cibaria et corpus fere ut in Lebia, sed tarsis gracilioribus
filiformibus (art® 4*° simplici) wnguiculisque parvis, intus omnino
inermibus; antennarum art? 5%° sequentibus vix longiore ; palpis
longioribus ac multo gracilioribus, art® ult™? acute fusiformi, necnon
art? 3% in mawvillaribus ultimo multo breviore ; oculis majoribus
(maximis) ; capite prothoraceque brevioribus (magis transversis), hdc
parvo, hexagono, i.e. postice utrinque ab angulo postico (fere in
medio sito) usque ad basin recte oblique truncato. Corpus alu-
taceum sed haud punctatum, alis magnis.
A évos, mirabilis, et Owpag, thorax.
The singular shape of its short, hexagonal prothorax, combined with
its slender limbs and palpi, its narrow, filiform feet (the fourth joint
being small and entire), its minute, unarmed claws, and its enor-
mously developed eyes, will at once separate the present genus from
Lebia—to which, in general aspect, it is related. Indeed the combi-
nation of its simple feet and claws will, of itself, distinguish it from
the various other groups of this department of the Lebiades ; whilst in
its more or less reddish-brown hue and unpunctured (though aluta-
ceous) surface it is, at first sight, somewhat suggestive of the common
European Bembidium rufescens. In many of its characters it would
appear to agree with the diagnosis of the Indian genus Pentagonica,
of Schmidt-Gobel; but the prothorax of that insect is described as
pentagonal and not produced in the centre behind—which latter fact
alone removes it into a different Section, in the vicinity of Masoreus.
16 CARABIDA.
17. Xenothorax hexagonus, n. sp.
X. rufofusco-testaceus, alutaceus, subopacus ; capite prothoraceque
brevibus transyersis impunctatis, oculis maximis prominentibus,
hdc parvo hexagono, late marginato, argute canaliculato; elytris
(sed vix in limbo) obscurioribus (i. e. fuscis vel rufo-fuscis) sed
paulo nitidioribus, sat profunde punctulato-striatis, interstitiis
subconvexis ; antennis (fuscis vel nigro-fuscis), palpis (infuscate
testaceis, basi obscurioribus) pedibusque (testaceis) gracilibus.—
Long. corp. lin. vix 2.
Habitat 8. Antao et Brava; sub quisquiliis foliisque in intermediis,
velocissime currens.
A single example of this curious insect was taken by Dr. H.
Dohrn in the north of S. Antio; and I met with a second (under
refuse) in the Ribeira da Babosa of the same island, as well as with
a considerable series of it subsequently in the island of Brava. The
Brava specimens were all captured at the extreme base of the per-
pendicular mountains close to the Povoaciéio,—amongst the damp
leaves, and fine earth, which had accumulated around the roots of
Ferns and other plants. It runs with excessive velocity, as indeed
its largely developed eyes and slender limbs would seem to imply.
Genus 11. MASOREUS.
(Ziegler) Dej., Spec. Gén, des Col. 111. 538 (1828).
18. Masoreus spinipes, n. sp.
M. piceo-niger, nitidus (foeminaé in elytris subopaca); capite sim-
plici (vel intra oculos obsoletissime subsulcato) ; prothorace trans-
verso, angulis anticis acutiusculis subporrectis; elytris parallelo-
ovalibus, postice valde abbreviatis, ad humeros parum obtuse
rotundatis, leviter striatis (striis obsoletissime et subremote punc~
tulatis); antennis pedibusque rufo-piceis, tibiis (saltem posterio-
ribus, validis) sat longe et robuste setosis, tarsis longiusculis.—
Long. corp. lin. 25-33.
Habitat 8. Nicolao, 8. Iago, et Fogo; in aridis inferioribus preecipue
occurrens.
As is the case with most of the dJasore:, the present species and
the following one are very closely allied; yet, after a most careful
inspection of a long series of both of them*, taken in two or three
different islands, I am satisfied that they are truly distinct—the
characters which separate them appearing quite constant, and with-
* My diagnoses have been compiled from 40 examples of the MZ. spindpes, and
25 of the ascendens.
CARABID#. 17
out any tendency to merge into each other. The M. spinipes, more-
over, seems to possess, on the average, a lower range than the ascen-
dens,—occurring generally in arid spots but slightly removed above
the sea-level, and sometimes near even to the shore itself ; whereas
the ascendens inhabits the intermediate districts—preferring subsylvan
spots, at an elevation of about 2000 feet. In which respects (although
in few others) they might possibly be looked upon as representing the
M. arenicola and alticola of the Canarian Group, though, in reality,
I think that the WM. spinipes has perhaps more in common with the
Fuerteventuran MW, nobilis. The M. spinipes was taken by Mr. Gray
in 8. Nicolao and Fogo, and by myself in the latter island and 8. Iago.
The S. Iago specimens were from the Palm-grove to the east of the
Villa da Praia, and the Fogo ones from the top of the basaltic cliffs
immediately above the Puerto da Luz.
The MW. spinipes is, on the average, a little larger, and darker, than
its ally; and its females have their elytra more alutaceous, or opake.
Its head, also, is nearly free from any tendency to be suleated within
the inner margin of either eye; its anterior prothoracic angles are
rather more porrected and acute ; its elytra (which are more parallel
at the sides, shorter behind, and somewhat less obtusely rounded at
the shoulders) have their strie finer, and only very obsoletely, and
rather remotely, punctulated (instead of being closely and finely cre-
nulate); its four posterior tibie are perceptibly thicker, and are armed
with longer and stouter spines ; and its feet are, if anything, a trifle
more elongated.
19. Masoreus ascendens, n. sp.
M. nigro-piceus, nitidus ; capite intra oculos sat distincte sulcato ;
prothorace transverso, angulis anticis obtusiusculis; elytris ova-
libus, postice leviter abbreviatis, ad humeros obtuse rotundatis,
argute striatis (striis minute sed regulariter et crebre crenulatis) ;
antennis pedibusque clare rufo-piceis vel rufo-ferrugineis, tibis
breviter setosis.
Variat (immaturus) plus minus omnino rufo-ferrugineus.—Long.
corp. lin. 23-3.
Habitat 8. Nicolao, et Fogo ; in intermediis subeditioribusque degens.
The rather smaller size (on the average), and somewhat more
piceous hue, of this Masoreus (the immature examples of which are
often entirely rufo-ferruginous), in conjunction with its more oval (or
less straightened )elytra, which are rather less abbreviated posteriorly,
and have their striz regularly and closely (though finely) crenulate,
and its paler legs—the four hinder tibize of which are less robust, and
c
18 CARABIDA.
beset with considerably stouter, fewer, and less developed spines—
will readily separate it from the preceding species. In minor details,
it is further distinguished by the more evident sulci of its forehead
(immediately within either eye), the rather blunter and less porrected
anterior angles of its prothorax, and by its shoulders being (if any-
thing) more obtusely rounded and its feet just perceptibly shorter.
In habits, moreover, the present Masoreus is not quite the same as
its ally ; for whilst the latter occurs either on or but slightly above
the sea-level, the ascendens appears (as already stated) to be found in
the intermediate elevations. It was taken by Mr. Gray in 8. Nicolao,
and by myself (rather abundantly) in the small subsylvan gorge at
the Monte Nucho in Fogo—at an altitude of, probably, between two
and three thousand feet.
(Subfam. IV. CHLAZNIIDES.)
Genus 12. CHLANIUS.
Bonelli, Observ. Ent. i. tab. syn. (1813).
20. Chlenius uncosignatus, n. sp.
C. griseo pubescens (preesertim in elytris); capite prothoraceque
nigro-cupreis sed seneo viridique micantibus, nitidissimis, illo
minute et parce punctulato, hoc transyersim subquadrato, postice
lato et per basin rectissime truncato, antice angustiore, ad latera
leviter rotundato, per marginem lateralem (saltem postice) angus-
tissime dilutiore, utrinque intra angulos posticos subrectos leviter
necnon versus medium profunde impresso, grosse sed parce (basin
versus crebrius) punctato ; elytris oblongis, obscurioribus, subere-
nulato-striatis, in interstitiis minute punctulatis, singulis linea api-
cali angusta rufo-testacea obliqua antice subito intus curvata unci-
formi ornatis ; antennis breviusculis, testaceo-fuscis, articulis 3
basalibus rufo-testaceis ; pedibus testaceis, tarsis fuscescentioribus.
Variat in elytris linee parte anteriore (curvata, unciformi) vel a parte
basali disjuncta, vel omnino obsoleta,—Long. corp. lin. 5-53.
Habitat 8. Iago, Fogo, et Brava ; in humidis intermediis, preesertim
subsylvaticis, seepius rarissimus.
The slightly larger size (on the average) and somewhat more pa-
rallel outline of this fine Chlenius, in conjunction with its totally dif-
ferent prothorax—which is broad, and straightly truncated, poste-
riorly, with the hinder angles almost right angles, and with the pune-
tures exceedingly large, coarse, and (except at the base) few in num-
ber,—its rather short and pale antenne, and the curiously shaped
testaceous line (which is at first straight but oblique, and then sud-
CARABID. 19
denly incurved in the direction of the suture) at the apex of either
elytron, will at once separate it from the following two species. Its
head and prothorax also are more shining and coppery (though with
likewise a strong greenish, and sometimes enescent, lustre); its
elytral interstices are more finely punctulated ; and its prothorax has
the extreme lateral edge (towards the hinder angles) narrowly diluted
in hue, and the large punctures of its fore disk with a faint tendency
to be arranged in longitudinal rows.
The C. uncosignatus is sparingly, but widely, distributed over the
southern islands of the Group, having been taken by myself in 8. Iago,
Fogo, and Brava. It is found in damp spots of intermediate eleva-
tions—occurring beneath decaying refuse, and under wet stones at the
edges of watercourses and streams. My S. Iago specimens are from
San Domingos and S$ Catharina; the Fogo ones from the Monte
Nucho; and the Brava ones from fissures of the moist clayey soil,
amongst some Banana-grounds, at the extreme base of the perpen-
dicular mountains immediately outside the Povoacao.
21. Chlenius Boisduvalii.
C. fulvo-pubescens(preesertim in elytris) ; capite prothoraceque zeneo-
viridibus, subnitidis, illo minute ruguloso-punctulato, hoc subcor-
dato, per basin subrecte truncato, ad latera rotundato, angulis pos-
ticis obtusis sed parum argute determinatis, postice utrinque pro-
funde impresso, profunde et crebre punctato; elytris subovato-
oblongis, vix obscurioribus, subcrenulato-striatis, in interstitiis
rugose punctatis, singulis macula dentata subapicali flavo-testacea
ornatis ; antennis fuscis, apicem versus gradatim dilutioribus, arti-
culis 3 basalibus pedibusque testaceis, tarsis fuscescentioribus.—
Long. corp. lin. 43-5.
Chlenius Boisduvalii, Buquet, in litt.
, Dej., Spec. Gén. des Col. v. 625 (1831).
—— — , Woll., in Ann, Nat. Hist. vii. 96 (1861).
Habitat 8. Vicente, 8. Nicolao, 8. Iago, et Fogo; precipue in in-
ferioribus subinferioribusque degens.
The present Chlenius, which appears to occur also on the opposite
coast of Africa, will probably be found to be widely spread over the
archipelago and to possess (on the average) a lower range than either
the preceding or following ones. Nevertheless the only examples of
it which I have seen hitherto were captured in S. Vicente, 8. Nico-
lao*, S. Iago, and Fogo,—in the first (during the month of October) by
* The example which was found by Mr. Gray in 8. Nicolao (at about five or
six hundred feet above the sea) unfortunately became mutilated on his home-
ward route; nevertheless I feel pretty certain, from what remains of it, that it
belongs to the C. Botsdwvaliz, rather than to the nearly-allied C. consanguineus.
c2
20 CARABID®.
Mr. A. Fry, in the second (about the middle of February) by Mr.
Gray, and in the third (at the end of January) by Mr. Gray and my-
self, whilst from Fogo an example has lately been obtained by the ~
Bario do Castello de Paiva. The S. Iago specimens were all taken
in the immediate vicinity of the Villa da Praia; and my own (which
I met with in the Palm-grove to the east of the town) were dead
and mutilated—thus clearly showing that we were too late in the
season, in at any rate that hot and low locality, for the normal
habits of the species: but, on the other hand, a single one (perhaps
a straggler which had lingered on) was obtained by Mr. Gray, with-
in half a mile of the same place, in a living state.
From §. Vicente the C. Boisduvalii has also been communicated by
T. Miller, Esq., H.B.M. Consul for the Cape Verdes.
22. Chlenius consanguineus, n. sp.
C. precedenti valde affinis, sed vix ejus varietas regionibus editori-
bus propria; differt precipue prothorace paulo minus cordato,
sensim latiore (presertim postice) ac magis transverso, ad latera
magis «qualiter rotundato, angulis posticis obtusius rotundatis,
quare per basin minus recte truncato (vel magis sinuato), elytris
ad latera vix magis parallelis, ad humeros vix magis porrectis,
antennisque in medio subcrassioribus nigrescentioribus.—Long.
corp. lin. 4-5,
Habitat 8. Iago, Fogo, et Brava ; humidos et aquosos in intermediis
colens.
Exceedingly close to the C. Boisduvalii, of which at first sight it
might well be regarded as a slightly altered phasis peculiar to the
intermediate districts. Nevertheless, since its few characters remain
constant in at any rate three different islands (if not indeed in more),
I think, when its apparently higher range is also taken into account,
that it would not be safe to treat it as a mere state, or variety, of
that insect. Almost its only diagnostic feature, of any importance,
consists in the shape of its prothorax—which is a little less cor-
date, and rather broader behind, with the sides consequently more
equally rounded, and the posterior angles more blunt and obtuse (the
lateral rim being carried more completely round them, so as to cause
the entire basal margin to be less straightened, or more sinuate). In
minor particulars, its two prothoracic fovez are a little wider, and
more concave, than is the case in the C. Boisduvalii; its elytra are
just perceptibly more straightened at the sides, and more porrected
at the shoulders; and its intermediate antennal joints are, if any-
CARABIDE. 21
thing, a trifle darker and thicker. In their greenish, or brassy-
green hue, close and deep sculpture, and in the pale-yellow dentate
patch towards the apex of each elytron, the two species are nearly
sunilar.
The C. consanguineus I have taken in 8. Iago, Fogo, and Brava—
in the first of which it was found likewise by Mr. Gray. The 8. Iago
examples are from the valley of San Domingos and from the Boa
Entrada at S“ Catharina, the Fogo ones from the Monte Nucho,
and the Brava ones from the base of the perpendicular hills close to
the Povoagéo—where I met with them in company with the C. un-
cosignatus.
(Subfam. V. PTEROSTICHIDES.)
Genus 13. POGONUS.
(Ziegler) Dej., Spec. Gén. des Col. iii. 6 (1828).
23. Pogonus Grayii.
Pogonus Grayii, Woll., in Ann. Nat. Hist. ix. 438 (1862).
, Id., Cat. Can. Col, 28 (1864).
—— — , Id., Col, Atl. 25 (1865).
Habitat 8. Vicente ; in salinis lutosis juxta mare parce deprehensus.
The only examples of this small, narrow, and pallid Pogonus
which I have yet seen from the Cape Verdes are three, which were
taken by myself in 8. Vicente—on the wet slimy mud of an old
Saltern, immediately behind the sea-beach, on the sandy flat about
a mile from Porto Grande. In all probability the species will be
found to be widely spread, in saline places—not merely in the
islands, but likewise on the opposite coast of Africa ; for it is rather
common in Lanzarote, of the Canarian Group, and it was captured
by the Messrs. Crotch at Mogadore.
Genus 14. PTEROSTICHUS, duct.
(Subgenus Pecilus, Bon.)
24. Pterostichus profundecrenatus, n. sp.
P. niger, elongato-oblongus, nitidissimus, glaber, subdepressus ;
capite obsolete, parce et minutissime punctulato ; prothorace sub-
cordato, angulis posticis obtusis sed ipsissimis minute prominulis,
basi punctis grossis parce irrorato, utrinque (intra angulos basales)
profunde bifoveolato ; elytris profunde et grosse crenato-striatis,
22 CARABID.
angulis humeralibus argute determinatis, acutiusculis ; antennis
brevibus, versus apicem fusco-piceis ; palpis tarsisque (presertun
anticis) piceis.—Long. corp. lin. 5.
Habitat 8. Nicolao, et 8. Iago? ; sub lapidibus, rarissimus.
The black, shining surface, subcordate prothorax (which is deeply
impressed within either hinder angle with two longitudinal fovez),
and its coarsely crenate-striated elytra, will sufficiently distinguish
this large Pterostichus from everything else with which we have
here to do. It belongs to the same type of form as the P. crenatus,
from south-western Europe and the Canary Islands; but it is con-
siderably larger, and apparently free from the blue, or cyaneous,
tinge which characterizes that species ; its hinder prothoracic angles
(instead of being nearly right angles) are more obtuse; its elytra
are a trifle less depressed ; and its antennee are relatively a little
shorter. A single example of it was taken by Mr. Gray in 8. Nico-
lao (I believe at a high altitude on Monte Gordo); and I met with
the remains of what I cannot but think was the same species at a
low elevation (indeed on the sea-level) in S. lago—namely, in the
Palm-grove adjoining the eastern outskirts of the Villa da Praia.
Nevertheless, since the fragments which I procured were scarcely
sufficient to enable me to identify them positively, I have considered
it safer to query S. Iago in the habitat of the species *.
(Subfam. VI. HARPALIDES.)
Genus 15. CRATOGNATHUS.
Dejean, Spec. Gén. des Col. iv. 46 (1829).
25. Cratognathus labiatus.
C. nigro-piceus, labro seepius paulo dilutiore, mas nitidus, foemina
subopaca ; capite prothoraceque impunctatis, illo magno, héc trans-
versim subcordato, antice lato, ad latera leviter rotundato, angulis
posticis rotundate obtusis, per marginem basalem subsinuato, basi
* Tf it be true that Mr. Gray’s example from 8. Nicolao was taken at a lofty
altitude (and I cannot but suspect that the species is truly a “‘ mountain” one),
andif it be equally true that the remains which I found at the sea-level in 8. Iago
were strictly referable to the same Pterostichus, it would look as if some expla-
nation was wanted in order to account for the existence of the latter in two such
totally opposite localities. A precisely analogous case presents itself in the Azz-
blystomus lineatus—a strictly alpine insect, which we took at a high elevation in
S. Antao, and of which I likewise met with the elytra (which were quite unmis-
takeable) in this same Palm-grove, on the sea-level, in 8S. Iago. I cannot con-
ceive it probable that these mountain species would ever descend zormailly to the
level of the shore ; but, as the locality referred to is alongside the bed of a stream
CARABIDA. 25
utrinque leviter impresso ; elytris striatis, striis fere simplicibus ;
antennis, palpis pedibusque rufo-furrugineis, interdum rufo-tes-
taceis.—Long. corp. lin, 34-53.
Cratognathus labiatus, Erich., in Wiegm. Arch. ix. 215 (1843).
Habitat 8. Antaio, 8. Vicente, et S. Nicolao ; sub lapidibus in edito-
ribus, hine inde vulgaris.
I have little doubt that this is the C. /abiatus of Erichson’s sup-
posed “ Angolan ” Coleoptera, with the short description of which it
sufficiently agrees; nevertheless if it should prove hereafter to be
distinct, I would then propose for it the trivial name of obtusus.
It appears to be widely spread over at any rate the northern half of
the archipelago, and will most likely be found to be universal in the
southern division also—though hitherto it has been observed merely in
8. Antao, 8. Vicente, and 8. Nicolao, occurring only at lofty eleva-
tions. In the first of those islands it was taken by Dr. H. Dohrn
(in the Ribeira de Joao Affonso, and other places towards the north),
as well as by myself (on the Campo Radondo, and towards the head
of the Ribeira das Patas) on the mountains of the central district ;
in the second by T. Miller, Esq., Mr. Gray, and myself, on the sum-
mit of Monte Verde; and in the third by Mr. Gray, at a lofty alti-
tude on Monte Gordo—where he described it as existing in the
utmost profusion, beneath stones.
Like the Cratognathi generally, the C. labiatus is extremely variable
in size; and of the numerous examples now before me, those from
S. Nicolaéo seem on the average to be somewhat the most developed.
It may be known from all the species found at the Canaries, Ma-
deiras, and Salvages by, inter alia, the obtusely rounded hinder
angles of its prothorax.
Genus 16. HARPALUS. ‘
Latreille, Gen. Crust. et Ins. 1. 201 (1806).
26. Harpalus Paivanus, n. sp.
H. niger, mas nitidus, foemina opaca; prothorace transversim sub-
quadrato, postice paulo angustiore, angulis posticis subrectis, basi
utrinque late sed levissime impresso et parce obsolete punctulato ;
which (although perfectly dry during the greater portion of every year) must
occasionally flood during the autumnal rains, I can imagine it within the range
of possibility that these specimens may have been washed down ( perhaps dead
and mutilated) from some higher spot, and deposited, along with other refuse,
within the low, flat enclosure where I found them.
24 CARABIDA.
elytris striatis (striis fere simplicibus); antennis, palpis pedibusque
rufo-ferrugineis.—Long. corp. lin. 4—vix 5.
Habitat 8. Vicente, et S. Nicolao; in montibus excelsis parce occur-
rens.
Species in honorem Baronis lusitanici “Castello de Paiva” citata,
scientiz naturalis patroni ac scrutatoris periti.
A Harpalus which belongs to much the same type as the Euro-
pean HH. tenebrosus (which occurs in the Madeiran and Canarian
groups) and the Teneriffan H. Schaumii, combining to a certain ©
extent the colour and outline of the latter (particularly as regards
its rather pale limbs and the subrectangular hinder angles of its,
nevertheless somewhat longer, prothorax) with the less coarse sculp-
ture of the former. It appears to be rare, and confined to lofty
elevations—having been taken by myself on the summit of Monte
Verde in 8. Vicente, and by Mr. Gray at a high altitude on Monte
Gordo in 8. Nicoléo. From the former island it has also been com-
municated by Mr. Miller. I have had great pleasure in dedicating
it to my excellent friend the Barao do Castello de Paiva, from whose
zeal in the cause of Natural History I have at various times derived
much practical assistance, while investigating the Coleopterous fauna
of these several Atlantic Groups.
27. Harpalus serienotatus, n. sp.
H. vel niger vel piceus, nitidus, in elytris plus minus obsolete metal-
lico relucens; capite fere simplici ; prothorace (transversim sub-
quadrato, angulis posticis obtuse subrectis) minute et creberrime
punctulato, punctulis antice subobsoletis ; elytris simpliciter stria-
tis, in interstitiis distincte sed haud crebre punctatis, necnon per
3fum et 5™ punctis majoribus circa 8 longitudinaliter notatis ;
antennis, palpis pedibusque breviusculis, subgracilibus, saturate
testaceis.
Variat (immaturus) plus minus rufo-brunneus, elytris haud metal-
lico tinctis.—Long. corp. lin. 33-4.
Habitat 8. Vicente, Fogo, et Brava ; in editioribus, rarissimus.
In its rather small size and slightly parallel outline, as well as in
its somewhat slender hmbs and the iridescent lustre which is
obscurely apparent on its elytra, the present Harpalus is a good
deal suggestive of the large type of Stenolophus of which the S. sub-
relucens (described below) is a member; yet the ordinary structure
of the fourth tarsal joint of its male sex will at once affiliate it with
the Harpal, whilst its punctulated surface would seem to assign it
CARABID. 25
to the Ophonus-group of the latter—with which, nevertheless, in
other respects it does not seem to have much in common. Perhaps
its most remarkable feature consists in the seven or eight larger
punctures with which its third and fifth elytral interstices are longi-
tudinally branded—a peculiarity which, although common in some
of the Canarian Calathi, I have never before observed in any Har-
palus. In one of the four examples from which the above diagnosis
has been compiled, and which was taken by myself on the mountains
in Brava, the hinder prothoracic angles are a trifle less obtuse than
is the case in the remaining three; but I can see nothing about it to
warrant the suspicion that it is specifically distinct.
The H. serienotatus is decidedly scarce, and confined to rather
lofty elevations. JI met with two specimens of it on the top of
Monte Verde in 8. Vicente, another at the Monte Nucho in Fogo,
and a fourth at a high altitude above the Povoacao in Brava.
Genus 17. DICHIROTRICHUS ?
Duval, Gen. des Col. i. 35 (1857),
28. Dichirotrichus ? lineatopictus, n. sp.
D. ubique punctatus ac parce fulyo-pubescens, subnitidus ; capite
prothoraceque submetallico-virescentibus, illo in labro mandi-
bulisque rufo-ferrugineis, hoc in limbo gradatim plus minus rufo-
ferrugineo, transversim subquadrato-cordato (postice angustato),
angulis posticis argute obtusis, basi utrinque late sed leviter im-
presso ; elytris subparallelis, profunde crenato-striatis, testaceis,
lineis nigrescentioribus, plus minus fractis, longe ante apicem
subito terminatis (et ibidem quasi fasciam transversam dentatam
interruptam efficientibus) ornatis; antennis, palpis pedibusque
testaceis.—Long. corp. lin. 3.
Habitat 8. Iago; sub lapidibus in inferioribus, rarissimus,
I do not feel quite certain that the two beautiful insects from
which the above diagnosis has been compiled should be referred un-
doubtedly to Dechirotrichus ; yet their entirely punctulated, pubes-
cent surface, partly testaceous elytra, and general outline are, I
think, more in accordance with the members of that group than
with those of any other with which I am acquainted, though, un-
fortunately, since both examples are females, I am unable to decide
whether the intermediate male tarsi are simple or dilated. There
can be no fear of confounding them with anything else with which
we have here to do; for, apart from the two important characters
26 CARABIDA.
above referred to, their slightly metallic-green head and prothorax
(the latter of which however is the more diluted of the two, shading
gradually off towards the edges and base into a reddish-ferruginous
tint), and their testaceous elytra—which are ornamented with seve-
ral (more or less broken and irregular) longitudinal blackish lines,
ending abruptly at a considerable distance from the apex, so as to
shape-out in that particular region a transverse, zigzag fascia
(posteriorly well-defined, but merging anteriorly into the darkened
lines)—will readily distinguish the species of which they are the
exponents. They were both of them taken by myself at a low ele-
vation (indeed, I may say, on the sea-level), close to the Villa da
Praia in 8. Iago, beneath stones outside the Palm-grove to the east
of the town; but, being in a dry, stony spot, I have no reason to
suppose (which, however, their general colour and aspect would
have inclined me to suspect) that they are of saline habits*.
Genus 18. STENOLOPHUS.
(Megerle) Steph., IU. Brit. Ent. i. 165 (1828).
29. Stenolophus subrelucens, n. sp. ?
S. nitidissimus, in elytris plus minus (interdum obsolete) metallico
relucens ; capite prothoraceque rufo-piceis, héc in limbo szepius
anguste dilutiore, transversim subquadrato, angulis posticis rotun-
datis, postice utrinque late sed leviter impresso punctisque sat
grossis irrorato; elytris nigro-piceis, per suturam et limbum (pre-
sertim postice) plus minus dilutioribus, profunde simpliciter stria-
tis; antennis fuscescentibus, ad basin, palpis pedibusque rufo-
testaceis.—Long. corp. lin 3-33.
Stenolophus relucens?, Erich., in Wiegm. Archiv, ix. 216 (1843).
Habitat S. Antao, 8S. Iago, et Brava; sub quisquiliis humidiusculis
in intermediis.
Judging from its more or less rufo-piceous head and prothorax
and rather darker elytra (which have their margin and suture faintly
diluted in hue), I at first imagined that this large Stenolophus might
perhaps be the S. relucens of Erichson’s supposed “ Angolan ” Coleo-
* T may notice, in perhaps about this position, the remains of an insect which
I met with, beneath a stone, in the Palm-grove above alluded to, near the Villa
da Praia of 8. Iago. I could obtain only the elytra—which are brownish-testa-
ceous and subopake, free from punctures and pubescence, coarsely (but nearly
simply) striated, and with a dull, laterally abbreviated, zigzag fascia, common
to both, behind the middle. Judging from the descriptions, I am inclined to
think that it may possibly be a portion of some Bradybenus—of which there
are a few species found on the opposite coast of Africa. Indeed the genus
appears to be an exclusively African one.
CARABIDA. aff
ptera, and even now I do not feel absolutely certain that such is
not the case; nevertheless the diagnosis of that species would seem
to imply that the elytra are conspicuously (perhaps even splendidly)
iridescent (instead of only obscurely so, and sometimes hardly at
all), and with their striz (in leu of being simple) subpunctate: so
that it is more likely that, along with the other Stenolophi of his
Memoir, it may be veritably from Angola, and not found in the Cape
Verdes. Be this however as it may, it seems to be widely scattered
over the archipelago, where most likely it will be found to be uni-
versal,—occurring sparingly, for the most part beneath refuse, in
damp spots of intermediate altitudes. It was taken in tolerable
abundance by Dr. H. Dohrn in the north, and by myself on the hills
above the Ribeira Fria in the centre, of S. Antéo; by myself at
S“ Catharina, in the interior of $. Iago; and by Mr. Gray and my-
self on the mountains above the Povoacao, in Brava.
(Subfam. VII. TRECHIDES.)
Genus 19. TRECHICHUS.
Leconte, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. x. 386 (1853).
30. Trechichus fimicola.
Trechus fimicolus, Woll., Ins. Mad. 63 (1854).
fimicola, Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 18 (1857).
Trechichus fimicola, Zd., Col. Atl. 51 (1865).
Habitat 8. Antao, 8. Iago, et Fogo; sub quisquiliis humidis in inter-
mediis inferioribusque degens.
This little Trechichus (which is rather common in the Madeiran
Group, but which has not yet been observed at the Canaries) appears
to be widely spread over the Cape Verde archipelago, where we may
expect that it will be found universally. It occurs beneath damp
refuse at intermediate, and sometimes even low, elevations ; but it
does not seem anywhere to be abundant. I have taken it at Tara-
fal in the south of 8S. Antao, at S Catharina in the interior of
S. Iago (where it was found also by Mr. Gray), and at the Monte
Nucho in Fogo.
Apart from its generic characters (or freedom both from flexuose
frontal furrows and an apically-recurved sutural stria), the 7. fim-
cola may easily be known by its shining, unsculptured surface, black
head, rufo-testaceous prothorax, dull, lurid-testaceous, almost unstri-
ated elytra, and its rather short, brightly testaceous limbs—the
28 CARABID.
antenne of which are especially abbreviated, somewhat thick, and
moniliform.
Genus 20. PERILEPTUS.
Schaum, Nat. der Ins. Deutsch. i. 663 (1860).
31. Perileptus areolatus.
Carabus areolatus, Creutz., Ent. Vers. 115, t. 2. f. 19 a (1799).
Bembidium areolatum, Dej., Spec. Gén. des Col. vy. 37 (1831).
Blemus areolatus, Daws., Geod. Brit. 173 (1854).
Perileptus areolatus, Schaum, loc. cit, 664 (1860).
Habitat 8. Antéo; per marginem rivuli cujusdam parvi, ad Catano,
in montibus excelsis captus.
The European P. areolatus seems to occur very sparingly along
the edges of the streams, at a high elevation, in the Cape Verdes.
Hitherto I have seen but two examples of it—which I met with,
amongst wet shingle, at the margin of a mountain-torrent at Catano,
towards the head of the Ribeira das Patas, in the central district of
the island. One of these I unfortunately lost; but I can detect
nothing about the other to warrant its separation from the ordinary
type. It is a species of rather wide geographical range—having
been recorded from most parts of Europe, the Caucasus, Northern
Africa, &c.; and I am far from satisfied indeed that my P. nigritu-
lus from the Canaries is more, in reality, than a dark, and somewhat
largely developed, permanent state of it peculiar to that Group.
(Subfam. VIII. BEMBIDIADES.)
Genus 21. TACHYS.
(Ziegler) Steph., Ill. Brit. Ent. ii. 4 (1829).
32. Tachys atomarius, n. sp.
7’. minutissimus, nitidus, fere impunctatus, saturate testaceus, in
capite necnon interdum in elytris paulo nigrescentior ; prothorace
transversim subcordato, angulis posticis obtusiusculis sed argute
determinatis ; elytris subdepressis, singulis stria suturali simplici
profunda (apice, ut mihi videtur, vix recurya, sed forsan in parte
recurya subobsoleta) impressis, necnon punctis duobus magnis per
discum longitudinaliter notatis; antennis pedibusque pallide testa-
ceils.
Variat (immaturus) omnino pallide testaceus.—Long. corp. lin.
3—vix 2.
Habitat 8. Antaio, S. Vicente, et S. Iago; in humidis intermediis,
presertim inter lapillos per margines aquarum latitans.
CARABIDA. 29
The excessively diminutive size, and more or less pallid hue, of this
little Tachys, combined with the fact that its elytra have but a single
stria (and that one alongside the suture) apparent on each of them,
willimmediately separate it from everything else with which we are
here concerned. I feel pretty certain that it is a true Tachys, and
(as I believe) of the bistriatum-group ; nevertheless I am unable to
satisfy myself, even with the aid of the microscope, that its sutural
stria is recurved at the apex. I think, however, that I can detect
faint indications of a recurved line—which may possibly therefore be
present, but subobsolete.
The 7. atomarius is widely spread throughout the archipelago,
where most likely it will be found to be universal—though its ex-
tremely minute size and rapid movements render it very liable to -
escape notice. It occurs in wet places of intermediate altitudes,
especially amongst the fine shingle and vegetable detritus at the
edges of the streams—in which situations I seldom fail to obtain it,
by sifting. In 8. Antao I met with it at Tarrafal, in the Ribeira
Fria, the Ribeira das Patas, &c.; in 8. Vicente, at Madeiral ; and in
S. Iago, at S* Catharina and the Orgaos ravine—in the last of which
localities it was found likewise by Mr. Gray. It is the most dimi-
nutive member of the subfamily Bembidiades with which I am
acquainted.
33. Tachys centromaculatus.
Tachys centromaculatus, Woll., Cat. Can. Col. 67 (1864).
—, Id., Col. Atl, 58 (1865).
Habitat 8. Vicente; in salinis lutosis juxta mare parce lectus.
This Zachys, which had been observed as yet only in the Canarian
Group (where I detected it along the edges of the saline lake of
_ Januyio, in Lanzarote), I captured a few examples of, at the end of
February 1866, in 8. Vicente. They were on the slimy mud of an
old Saltern, in the sandy flat (behind the sea-beach) about a mile to
the south of Porto Grande—in company with the Dyschirius awri-
culatus, Pogonus Grayit, Anthicus dimidiatus, and Bledius vitulus (all
of which, except the first, are equally Lanzarotan). It will most
probably be found widely distributed over these latitudes, if searched
for in its proper localities ; and we may be pretty sure that it will be
met with in the (hitherto unexplored) eastern islands of the Cape
Verde archipelago. The very decided points which separate it from
its near ally, the common European 7’. scutellaris, have been fully
alluded to in my Canarian Catalogue.
30 CARABID#.
34. Tachys curvimanus.
Bembidium curvimanum, Woll., Ins. Mad. 74, tab. ii. f. 6 (1854).
—, Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 22 (1857).
, Id., Cat. Can. Col. 67 (1864).
Tachys curvimanus, Id., Col. Atl. 58 (1865),
Habitat 8. Antio; in humidis intermediis, rarior.
The 7. curvimanus, which is almost universal throughout the
Madeiran and Canarian Groups (probably indeed quite so), and
which may perhaps be but a state of the Mediterranean 4-signatus,
appears to be rare in the Cape Verde archipelago. Indeed, out of
an extensive series of the 7’. Lucasii, now before me, I can detect
but three examples of the ewrvimanus—all of which were taken by
myself in the Ribeira Fria, of 8. Antaéo. We may expect, however,
when searched for in damp spots of intermediate altitudes, to meet
with it more generally. It may be known from the Lucasii by
being a little more oblong and depressed, by its prothorax being a
trifle narrower, its colour more piceous (or free from the obscure
greenish tinge of that insect), and by its elytra having their striz
(instead of being simple) strongly punctured, with the rudiments of
an additional one (or a fourth) posteriorly, and their blotches dif-
ferently shaped and (especially the hinder one) more suffused.
35. Tachys Lucasii.
Bembidium Lucasii, Duv. Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de France, x. 197
(1852).
, Woll., Ins. Mad. 75 (1854).
, Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 22 (1857).
Tachys Lucasii, Zd., Col. Atl. 58 (1865).
Habitat 8. Antao, 8. Vicente, 8. Iago, et Fogo; in humidis inter-
mediis, presertim lutosis per margines aquarum, late diffusus.
The 7. Lucasii of Mediterranean latitudes (a species which is
recorded from Spain, the north of Africa, Madeira, &c.) is widely
spread over the Cape Verde archipelago, where we may expect that
it will be ascertained ultimately to be universal. It occurs in damp
places of intermediate altitudes, particularly in muddy spots near the
edges of small streams and pools—where it is occasionally abundant.
It was taken by Mr. Gray and myself in the Ribeira Fria, the Ribeira
das Patas, the Ribeira da Babosa, &c., of S. Antao, as well as at
Madeiralzinho in 8. Vicente; and I subsequently met with it at San
Domingos, the Ribeira dos Orgaos, and 8S‘ Catharina, in S. Iago, and
at the Fonte of the Monte Nucho in Fogo.
CARABIDA. on
The Cape Verde examples of this Tachys possess a tendency which
I have not observed in the specimens from other countries—namely,
to have a large humeral spot (in addition to the ordinary subapical
one) developed on each elytron. In 8. Antao, 8. Vicente, and S.
Tago these highly-coloured individuals are, however, quite the ex-
ception ; but all which I met with in Fogo were thus adorned. Yet
I am satisfied that this extra patch has no claim whatever to be re-
garded as a specific character, and that it merely indicates a phasis
of the 7. Lucasii; for there are examples before me of every inter-
mediate grade, in some of which the humeral blotch is so exceedingly
faint as to be barely traceable. Indeed it seems to me to be the ten-
dency of all these minute, nearly-allied, maculated species of Tachys
to have two spots developed on each elytron, either one or the other of
which is usually obsolete in many of the specific types, but which is
nevertheless liable to be resumed when circumstances favour its de-
velopment. And in support of this view, I may add that the little
T. hemorrhoidalis of Mediterranean latitudes is characterized as hay-
ing a subapical patch only on each elytron; yet in examples from
Greece the late Dr. Schaum informed me that he could detect indica-
tions of a humeral one likewise ; whilst a// the specimens of it which
I found in the Canarian Group were rather conspicuously quadrima-
culate. So that, I think, there is nothing remarkable in the fact that
the 7. Lucasii, which is generally two-spotted in more northern
countries, should (from some local cause, which it is hopeless to en-
quire into) show a tendency to become more brightly ornamented at
the Cape Verdes,
Genus 22. BEMBIDIUM.
Latreille, Gen. Crust. et Ins. 1. 185 (1806).
(Subgenus Peryphus, Jeg.)
36. Bembidium hesperidum, n. sp.
B. viridi-nigrum, antennis pedibusque pallidis ; eapite prothoraceque
nitidissimis, hoc angusto, subcordato, convexo, per basin parce
rugoso-punctato, angulis posticis obtusiusculis sed argute deter-
minatis ; elytris convexis, paulo minus nitidis, profunde crenato-
striatis (striis postice et versus latera levioribus), singulis punctis
duobus magnis per discum (sc. in strié tertia) longitudinaliter
notatis ; antennis fusco-brunneis, ad basin, palpis pedibusque
rufo-testaceis——Long. corp. lin. 22.
Habitat 8. Antao, S. Vicente, et S. Nicoléo; per margines aquarum
in intermediis, rarior.
32 CARABID.
This fine Bembidium (of the Peryphus-type) seems to represent in
these islands the B. atlantidum, which is so universal throughout the
Madeiran and Canarian archipelagos. Indeed, although totally dis-
tinct from it specifically, it is much allied to that insect. It appears
however to be uniformly (with the exception of the limbs) of a
greenish-black, or blackish-green, hue—showing no tendency, so far
as I have observed hitherto, to become maculated ; its prothorax and
elytra (the former of which has the basal angles a trifle more obtuse)
are, both of them, very much more convex; and its legs, as is espe-
cially evident in the hinder feet, are relatively a little longer. It is
decidedly rare, or at any rate exceedingly local, and confined to damp
spots of intermediateandsomewhat lofty altitudes—occurring amongst
shingle, &c., at the edges of the small pools and streams. It was
taken by Dr. H. Dohrn in the north of 8. Antao, by Mr. Gray and
myself at Madeiralzinho in 8. Vicente, and by the former at a high
elevation on Monte Gordo in 8. Nicolao; and I have lately received a
specimen from §. Vicente, which was captured by Mr. Miller (the
English Consul). We may expect, therefore, to find it pretty gene-
rally distributed throughout the Group.
(Subgenus Lopha, Jeg.)
37. Bembidium subcallosum.
Bembidium 4-guttatum, Brullé [nec Fab. |, in Webb et Berth. 58 (1838).
, subcallosum, Woll., Cat. Can. Col. 71 (1864).
, Id., Col. Atl. 61 (1865).
Habitat 8. Antao, 8. Vicente, et Fogo; per margines aquarum, pre-
cipue in intermediis, degens.
This large and spotted Bembidium (which abounds throughout the
Canarian Group, and which is represented in Madeira by the B.
Schmidtii) is widely spread over the Cape Verde archipelago, where
we may expect that it will be ascertained ultimately to be universal.
Hitherto however it has been observed only in §. Antao, 8. Vicente,
and Fogo—in the first of which it was found by Dr. H. Dohrn (in
the Ribeira de Joao Affonso), as well as by Mr. Gray and myself (in
the central ravines of the island); in the second by Mr. Gray and
myself, at Madeiralzinho; and in the third, by myself, at the Fonte
of the Monte Nucho. It is far from unlikely that (as is possibly
the case with the Madeiran B. Schmidt likewise) it may be, in
reality, but a permanent geographical modification of the Mediter-
ranean B. callosum.
DYTISCID®. 33
Fam. 3. DYTISCID.
Genus 23. HYPHYDRUS.
Uliger, Mag. fiir Insek. i. 299 (1801).
38. Hyphydrus crassus, n. sp.
H. ovalis, crassus, conyexus, nitidus, dense inequaliter punctatus ;
capite plus minus rufo-ferrugineo; prothorace ad latera oblique
subrecto et anguste rufo-ferrugineo; elytris (antice basis protho-
racis latitudine) rufo-testaceis, in sutura, maculis lineisque latis
irregularibus nigro ornatis, singulis linea dorsali impressis ; an-
tennis testaceis; pedibus (crassis) rufo-testaceis, posticis paulo
picescentioribus.—Long. corp. lin. 2.
Habitat 8. Antio, 8. Vicente, et 8. Iago; hine inde in aquis inter-
mediis (vel fluentibus vel stagnantibus).
The thick, oval body and densely punctured surface of this Hyphy-
drus, combined with the rufo-ferruginous hue of its head and of the
lateral edges of its (piceous-black) prothorax, and its rufo-testaceous
elytra, which nevertheless are nearly covered with dark irregular
patches and broad longitudinal lines (usually a good deal broken,
and more or less confluent), will serve to distinguish it amongst the
very few water-beetles which have hitherto been observed in these
arid islands. It was detected by Mr. Gray, during January 1866,
in a small pool at Madeiralzinho, in 8. Vicente,—where he found it
in tolerable abundance, and where subsequently I myself obtained
it. A week later I met with a single example of it at Catano (to-
wards the head of the Ribeira das Patas) in 8. Antao; and shortly
afterwards we again captured it at San Domingosin S. Iago; so that
it seems to be widely spread over the archipelago. It is very closely
allied to the H. scriptus, of Fabricius, for examples of which (from
Angola, Caffraria, and the Cape of Good Hope) I am indebted to the
Rev. Hamlet Clark. Considering however what small characters are
supposed to constitute specific ones in the Hydrocantharide, I think
it would be unsafe to regard it as a mere geographical state of that
insect ; and such, I may add, was likewise the opinion of Mr. Clark.
But almost the only decided point in which it differs from the scrip-
tus is its more equable punctation; for although the punctures are
composed (as there) of a double series (large and small), yet the
larger ones are very much smaller, and the smaller ones distinctly
larger, than is the case in the scriptus. In other respects, it is, if
D
34 DYTISCID#.
anything, perhaps, a trifle rounder than the scriptus, with the edges
of the prothorax just appreciably straighter and more oblique.
Genus 24. COPELATUS.
Erichson, Gen. Dytic. 38 (1882).
39. Copelatus formosus, n. sp.
C. niger (interdum piceo-niger), subnitidus; capite prothoracisque
lateribus plus minus rufo-ferrugineis; elytris eleganter arguteque
simpliciter striatis, per basin interstitiumque (apice excepto) sub-
laterale, necnon in macula parva subapicali rufo-testaceis ; anten-
nis pedibusque rufo-testaceis—Long. corp. lin. 23-23.
Habitat 8. Iago; in aquis intermediis, preecipue fluentibus, rarior.
I have little doubt that this elegant Copelatus, which was cap-
tured by Mr. Gray and myself in 8. Jago, is a truly African species;
indeed it appears to be identical with an unnamed one in the collec-
tion of the British Museum, from Zulu. It is also near to the C.
africanus (= Benguelii, Aubé), but is alittle smaller and not uni-
colorous—its head, and the sides of its prothorax, being dull rufo-
ferruginous, whilst each elytron has a transverse basal line, about
three-fourths of the sublateral interstice, and a small subapical spot
(almost adjoining the latter) more or less testaceous. It seems to
me that there is very little, except the beautifully striated elytra, to
separate Copelatus from Agabus. The C. formosus was taken by Mr.
Gray and myself, at intermediate elevations, in the small streams in
the interior of S. Iago—namely, at San Domingos, in the Ribeira dos
Orgaos, and at S Catharina.
Genus 25. EUNECTES.
Erichson, Gen. Dytic. 23 (1832).
There is so much difficulty attending the supposed “ varieties” of
the E. sticticus, as to whether any of them ought not rather to be
regarded as specifically distinct, that I will not attempt to decide
whether a single ewample (now before me) which was taken by Mr.
Gray in S. Nicoléo, and which appears to accord sufficiently well
with the Madeiran £. subcoriaceus, might not be treated as a some-
what more oblong and unfasciated modification of that widely spread
insect. I believe however that, although nearly allied to it, it can
scarcely be looked upon as any phasis of the £. sticticus—though if,
on the other hand, it should prove to be so, then I have little doubt
DYTISCID#. 35
that the Canarian E. subdiaphanus must equally be regarded as a
geographical state of that species.
Yet whether the specimens from 8. Nicolo represent (together
with the Madeiran ones) a modification of the E. sticticus or not, I
feel pretty sure that it is at all events distinct from a 8. Vicente
species in the collection of Mr. Fry (but which was not captured by
himself), and of which several other examples were communicated by
the late Rev. H. Clark with the label ‘‘Cape Verde” appended to
them. This latter I described (in 1861) under the name of conicollis,
but I have since nearly satisfied myself that it is the helvolus of Klug
—a species which is actually recorded by Erichson amongst his sup-
posed “ Angolan” Coleoptera, and which Aubé cited (I think,
wrongly) as a variety of the sticticus. Sothat, apart from the ques-
tion of synonymy, I believe that we may at any rate register two
species of Hunectes for these islands.
40. Eunectes subcoriaceus.
E. oblongo-ovatus, subdiaphano-coriaceus, pallide dilute testaceus,
clypeo antice leviter emarginato; capite postice nigro et macula
frontali magna distincta antice profunde bipartita ornato ; protho-
race vitta transvers4 parva fracta nebuloso, ad latera oblique sub-
recto, angulis posticis acutiusculis; elytris punctis magnis in
triplici serie et ubique punctulis minoribus nigris notatis, singulis
macula (rarius duabus) parva sublaterali nigra ornatis.—Long.
corp. lin. 7.
Eunectes subcoriaceus, Woll., Ann. Nat. Hist. viii. 99 (1861).
—, Id., Col. Atl. 71, et Append. 12 (1865).
Habitat 8. Nicolao; & Dom. Gray semel tantum deprehensus,
The single example above alluded to, which I would regard as con-
specific with the Madeiran Z. subcoriaceus, was captured by Mr. Gray,
during February 1864, in a small freshwater pool (“not in any de-
gree brackish”) in 8. Nicolao.
41. Eunectes helvolus.
E. ovatus, angustulus, luteo-griseus, clypeo antice vix emarginato ;
capite postice nigro et macula frontali magna plus minus suffusa
antice bipartita ornato; prothorace vitta transversé abbreviata
ornato, ad latera oblique rectissimo, angulis posticis acutiusculis;
elytris punctis magnis sat profundis in triplici serie et ubique
punctulis minoribus nigris notatis, singulis maculis duabus minutis
sublateralibus et fascia transversa tenui dentata postica (plus minus
obsoleta) nigris ornatis.—Long. corp. lin. 53-63.
p2
36 DYTISCIDA.
Eunectes helvolus, Alug, Symb. Phys. 33. 3.
— conicollis, Woll., Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 97 (1861).
Habitat 8. Vicente; & DD. Fry et Clark olim communicatus.
The smaller size, paler hue, and more ovate (oranteriorly-narrowed)
outline of this Hwnectes (which has also the punctures on the fore part
of its elytra more conspicuous) will separate it, even at first sight,
from the preceding one ; but as we did not meet with it during our
late sojourn in the Cape Verdes, I have nothing more to add concern-
ing it than what I wrote (in the ‘ Annals of Natural History’) in 1861.
I believe however that it will prove to be a species of the lower eleva-
tions, and found in the briny waters of the Salinas; for a few ex-
amples of it have recently been taken by Senhor Moniz in Madeira—
amongst plants of Ruppia rostellata, Koch, in a Saltern at Paul do
Mar: and if this should prove to be the case, we may expect to
meet with it in the (hitherto unexplored) eastern islands of the
archipelago.
Genus 26. CYBISTER.
Curtis, Brit. Ent. iv. 151 (1827).
42. Cybister africanus.
C. elongatus, oblongo-ovatus, nitidus, subtus nigro-piceus, supra ob-
scure olivaceus ; labro, epistomate, prothoracis elytrorumque late-
ribus, neenon vittéa submarginali (apice hamato-dilatata) in mar-
ginem pallidum elytrorum coéunte, saturate testaceis ; elytris versus
latera leviter punctatis, seriebus impressionum duabus in singulis
longitudinaliter notatis; antennis, pedibus anticis femoribusque
intermediis rufo-testaceis (sed tamen femoribus anticis nigro ma-
culatis) ; tibiis tarsisque intermediis et pedibus posticis piceis.—
Long. corp. lin. 14.
Cybister africanus, Laporte, Etud. Ent. 99 (1834).
Trochalus meridionalis, Gené, De guib. Ins. Sard. i. 10 (1836).
Gybister africanus, dubé, Hydrocanth. 71 (1888).
, Woll., Cat. Can. Col. 83 (1864).
=i Td, Col. All. 70 (1865).
Habitat S. Vicente ; 4 Dom. Miller, Consule Britannico, nuper com-
municatus.
A single specimen of this large Hydrocantharid has lately been
communicated from S. Vicente by T. Miller, Esq., the English Consul,
by whom it was captured in a tank at Porto Grande. It is an in-
sect which is widely distributed over the African continent, and one
which oecurs also in the south of Europe and the Canary Islands ; so
that its presence in the Cape Verde archipelago is not surprising.
GYRINID. O77
Fam. 4. GYRINIDZ.
Genus 27. DINEUTUS.
MacLeay, Ann. Javan. 30 (1825).
43. Dineutus ereus.
D. late subovato-ellipticus, grosse subrecurvi marginatus, nigro-oli-
vaceus et hine inde eneo-tinctus, subopacus, ubique subtilissime
et densissime subpunctulato-alutaceus punctulisque majoribus (sed
tamen minutis) levissime adspersus; elytris levissime striatis, ad
apicem minute serratis ; antennis pedibusque piceis.
Mas elytris ad apicem ipsissimum singulatim subrotundatis, utrinque
pone apicem leviter undulato-emarginatis.
Fem. elytris ad apicem ipsissimum paulo prominulis, utrinque pone
apicem vix evidentius undulato-emarginatis.—Long. corp. lin.
53-vix 6.
Gyrinus ereus, Klug, Symb. Phys. 34. 8.
Cyclous egyptiacus, Dej., Cat, (8° édit.) 66 (1833).
Dineutes eereus, Aubé, Hydrocanth. 769 (1838).
Habitat S. Antio, S. Vicente, S. Nicolao, et 8. Iago; in superficie
aquarum (vel fluentium vel stagnantium) congregans, in inter-
medis vulgaris.
This large Dineutus (which is a species widely spread over tropical
Africa—occurring in Egypt, Nubia, &c.) is abundant in the streams
and pools of the Cape Verde archipelago; and wherever there is suffi-
cient water for the permanent existence of the Hydradephaga, there
we may anticipate that it will eventually be found. But as our late
sojourn amongst the islands was during the driest season that had
been known for many years, we obtained it only in 8. Antao, S.
Vicente, and §. Iago; nevertheless it was taken by Mr. Gray, during
February 1864, in 8. Nicoldo also. In 8. Antao (in which island it
is called by the inhabitants “ D’agua’’) it was met with likewise by
Dr. H. Dohrn. In its mode of life it is extremely gregarious ; and the
vast multitudes of it which are often seen, congregating on the sur-
faces of the pools and streams, at intermediate altitudes, could not,
fail to attract the attention of even an ordinary observer.
44, Dineutus subspinosus.
D. anguste suboblongo-ellipticus, tenuiter subrecurvi marginatus, vix
subolivaceo-niger, sed in limbo (margine recurvo angusto apiceque
exceptis) viridi-zneo tinctus, subopacus; elytris tenuissime et
levissime striatis, ad apicem truncatis et minute serratis, utrinque
pone apicem anguste fisso-emarginatis et spina acuta instructis ;
antennis piceis ; pedibus piceo-ferrugineis.—Long. corp. lin. 34.
38 GYRINIDZ.
Gyrinus subspinosus, Klug, Symb. Phys. 34. 9.
Cyclous australis, Dej., Cat. (3° édit.) 66 (1833).
Dineutes subspinosus, Aubé, Hydrocanth. 786 (1838).
Habitat 8. Iago; in rivulo quodam ad San Domingos a Dom. Gray
captus.
The present Dineutus is so very much smaller and narrower than
the last one that, taking also into account its anteriorly-rounded epi-
stome and the sharp subapical spine on either side of its elytra*, it
might well appear at first sight to be generically distinct ; yet its
total freedom from a visible scutellum, combined with its transverse
labrum, the serrated apex of its elytra, and the depressed, poste-
riorly-rounded last segment of its abdomen, are all strictly in aceord-
ance with the Dineutus-type. Indeed I feel pretty certain that it is
the D. subspinosus of Klug—a species which is widely dispersed over
the African continent (having been recorded from Senegal and Nubia,
as well as from Madagascar) and which is stated to occur likewise in
the Isle of France and the East Indiest. And it is the more pro-
bable that this identification is correct, from the fact that the D.
subspinosus is mentioned by Erichson amongst his supposed “ Ango-
lan” Coleoptera—a considerable number of which I have already
stated were not from Angola at all, but from the Cape Verde archi-
pelago. Nevertheless I should add that the description of the swb-
spinosus given by Aubé does not call attention to the little fissure,
or emargination, which exists (at least in the example before me)
immediately within the subapical spine of each elytron; but as he
speaks of an additional spinule being occasionally developed behind
the other, it is very probable that this small cavity may be merely
the result of the margin behind the spine being produced into an
anguliform rudimentary denticle. If however it should prove here-
after to be specifically distinct from the swbspinosus, which I do not
in the least anticipate, I would then propose for it the trivial name
of armatus.
The single example from which I have drawn-up the above dia-
gnosis was captured by Mr. Gray in the little stream at San Domin-
gos, in 8. Iago.
* The structure of the elytral apex of this Dinewtus—which is not only mi-
nutely serrated (as in the D. @revs), but furnished behind the serrated portion
with a small and deep fissure, or narrow excavation, which is armed at the
upper extremity with an acute spine—is exceedingly curious.
+ I possess a Dineutus, captured by the late Dr. Schaum in Egypt, which
does not seem to differ specifically from the Cape Verde one; and this, there-
fore, affords additional evidence in favour of the latter being the true szd-
spinosus,
HELOPHORIDE. 39
Fam. 5. HELOPHORIDA.
Genus 28. OCHTHEBIUS.
Leach, Zool. Miscell. iii. 91 (1817).
45. Ochthebius 4-foveolatus.
Ochthebius 4-foveolatus, Woll., Ins. Mad. 91 (1854).
, Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 28 (1857).
—— ——, Id., Cat. Can. Col. 86 (1864).
=, Id, Col, Ail, 73 (1865).
Habitat 8. Vicente ; in aquosis ad Madeiralzinho 4 Dom. Gray lectus.
Of the present Ochthebius, which is almost universal throughout
the Madeiran and Canarian Groups (probably indeed quite so), I
have seen hitherto but a single example from the Cape Verdes. It
was taken by Mr. Gray, at Madeiralzinho, in S. Vicente; and it ap-
pears to differ in no respect from the Madeiran and Canarian type.
We may expect to meet it pretty generally, in the vicinity of the
pools and streams, in intermediate altitudes.
Genus 29. HYDRANA.
Kugelann, a Schneid. Mag. i. 578 (1794).
46. Hydrena quadricollis.
Hydreena quadricollis, Woll., Cat. Can. Col. 89 (1864).
, Id., Col, Atl. 75 (1865).
Habitat S. Antao, et S. Vicente; in aquosis ad margines aquarum,
interdum etiam in aquis ipsis, rarissima.
The close and not very coarse sculpture of this little Hydrena,
combined with its rather pale, diluted-brown hue (the head only
being black) and its square prothorax, at once identify it with the
Canarian H. quadricollis—which I took, at a low elevation, in Tene-
riffe. It appears to be rare in the Cape Verde archipelago, though
I suspect widely distributed over the intermediate altitudes. I met
with it in the Ribeira da Babosa in 8. Antao, and also (more abun-
dantly) at Madeiralzinho in S, Vicente—in which latter locality a
single example was obtained likewise by Mr. Gray. It occurs also
in Egypt (and probably, therefore, throughout northern and central
Africa generally), from whence I possess examples captured by the
late Mr. Melly, as well as others which were found by Dr. Schaum
(who regarded them as an undescribed species) at Cairo.
40 HYDROPHILIDA.
Fam. 6. HYDROPHILID.
Genus 30. HYDROXENUS (nov. gen.).
Genus inter Laccobium et Berosum situm, cum illo corpore parvo,
colore, sculptura, oculis demissis, sternorum structura, pedibus
breviusculis tibiisque extus spinulosis, apice valde calcaratis nec-
non posticis sensim arcuatis, sed cum hdc antennis 7-articulatis
pedibusque posticis partim longissime pilosis congruens. Corpus
parvum, ovale, luridum, dense punctatum ; mesosterno (ut in Lac-
cobio et Beroso) postice carinato; metasterno (ut in Laccobio) fere
simplici (apice in medio minutissime canaliculato et in spinulam
parvam brevem inter coxas posticas producto); alis amplis; an-
tennis 7-articulatis, art’* 1™° et 2° inter se arcte connexis et con-
junctim clavato-subfusiformibus, illo elongato subflexuoso apice
gradatim latiore, hée multo breviore conico, 3"° paryo (nee mi-
nutissimo) obconico, 4'° brevi sed gradatim multo latiore oblique
subpoculiformi, reliquis clavam magnam elongatam laxam pubes-
centem triarticulatam é¢ quarto subpoculiformi surgentem efficien-
tibus ; pedibus (saltem anticis et posticis) breviusculis, t2biis (ut
in Laccobio) parum robustis, apicem versus gradatim paulo latiori-
bus, apice valde calcaratis, extus breviter setulosis (anticis ad an-
gulum externum spinula longiore exstante armatis), posticis sen-
sim incurvis, tarsis posticis subtus longissime ac dense pilosis,
anticis in maribus art'* 2“ et 3"° (preesertim illo) subito incrassatis.
Ab tdwp, aqua, et Eévos, advena.
The two curious little insects for which I have established the
present genus seem exactly intermediate between Laccobius and Bero-
sus—combining the small size and peculiar colour and sculpture, no
less than the comparatively short legs and externally-setulose, rather
robust tibiee (the hinder pair of which are, in like manner, subarcuate)
of the former with the 7-jointed antennze* and partially-pilose pos-
terior legs of the latter. In general contour they have something in
common with the members of both groups ; for although their palish,
somewhat lurid hue and close punctation, added to their minute bulk,
less convex body, and less prominent eyes, are at first sight more on
the Laccobius-type, yet their exact outline is also a good deal suggestive
* M. Duval’s is the only diagnosis I have yet seen which appears to me to be cor-
rect as regards the antennz of Berosus. Erichson, Mulsant, Lacordaire, and others
all speak of them as 8-jointed ; yet I am satisfied that there are but seven articula-
tions in at any rate the two species (spinosus and luridus) which I have just
carefully examined. The first and second joints (particularly the former) are
long and more or less clavate, the third is small and obconie, the fourth is much
broader (but extremely short and ¢hiz) and obliquely cupshaped, and receives the
large, elongate, pubescent, triarticulated club—which is composed of the fifth,
sixth, and seventh.
HYDROPHILIDA. 41
of diminutive Berost. Their antenne, which I have examined with
the greatest care, seem to me to possess undoubtedly but seven arti-
culations—the relative proportions of which are much the same as
those of Bercsus, except that the first joint is less clavate and the
second shorter and more conical (the apex of the former and the base
of the latter being so precisely of equal breadth that the two together
form one continuous curve). The first and second joints indeed are
perhaps more after the pattern which obtains in Laccobius; and were
it not for the omission of the minute third one which is unmistake-
able in that genus, their antennze would not differ materially from
those of the Laccobii ; but the fact of this elimination implies, even
of itself, a still closer affinity with the Berosi.
As regards other peculiarities (apart from the general intermediate
structure already alluded to), the spinule at the outer apical angle of
the anterior tibie in Hydrowenus is exceedingly elongate and out-
wardly directed, the second and third joints (the former of which is
the largest) of the front feet of its males are suddenly and greatly
thickened (more so than is the case in Laccobius), and its two hinder
tarsi are densely clothed beneath with extremely long hairs—in which
latter respect it recedes from Laccobius, and approaches Berosus,
though, at the same time, the scattered pile of the Beros? is not con-
centrated in quite the same manner, or so exclusively in the same
place, as appears to be the rule with Hydrowenus. Aided no doubt
by this elongate brush-like appendage to the under surface of their
posterior feet, the Hydrowent seem (like the Berosi) to be skilful
swimmers—far more so than the somewhat slow and awkward Lac-
cobit.
47. Hydroxenus subpictus, n. sp.
H. ellipticus, nitidus, sat dense et distincte punctulatus ; capite nigro,
clypei lateribus ante oculos late testaceis; prothorace testaceo, in
macula magna discali longitudinali (utrinque in medio plus minus
sed paulo indentata) nigro ornato; coleopteris testaceis, ubique
limbo excepto nigro-irroratis, necnon in fascia centrali transversa
breyissima lunulato-dentata obscurissima (plus minus fracta atque
etiam obsoleta) maculaque parva longe intra humeros sita nigro-
ornatis, punctis majoribus et vix seriatim dispositis; antennis
ferrugineis, ad basin, palpis pedibusque testaceis.—Long. corp.
lim, 14.
Halitat 8. Iago; aquas fluentes, precipue versus margines rivu-
lorum, in intermediis, colens.
The great primd facie resemblance of this little Palpicorn—in
42 HYDROPHILID®.
size, colour, and sculpture—to the common European Laccobius
minutus, Whilst even generically distinct from it, is very remarkable.
Its head (with the exception of a small space at the edges of the
clypeus, in front of either eye), and a laterally abbreviated patch
down the centre of its (otherwise *testaceous) prothorax, are black ;
and its elytra, although pale, are nevertheless, except along their
sides and apex, densely mottled with blackish points and obscure,
cloudy, suffused markings—much as in the Z. minutus. The sculp-
ture is rather close, and the elytral punctures (which are much
larger than those on the head and prothorax) have merely a tendency
to arrange themselves in longitudinal rows. A single example of it
was first captured by Mr. Gray, in the stream at S. Domingos, in
8. Iago; and I afterwards met with it abundantly in the Ribeira dos
Orgaos, of the same island.
48, Hydroxenus minor, n. sp.
H. breviter ovalis, nitidissimus, parce leviter punctulatus; capite
nigro, clypei lateribus minute testaceis; prothorace testaceo, in ma-
cula permagna discali lata transversé (sublunata, sed antice plus
minus 4-partita) nigro ornatis ; coleopteris testaceis, ubique (limbo
excepto) nigro irroratis, necnon in fascia centrali transversa brevis-
sima lunulato-dentata obscurissima (plus minus fracté atque etiam
obsoleta) maculaque parva longe intra humeros sit& nigro ornatis,
punctis majoribus et evidenter seriatim dispositis; antennis ferru-
gineis, ad basin, palpis pedibusque testaceis.—Long. corp. lin. 7-1.
Habitat 8. Iago; in locis similibus ac preecedens.
Obs.—A precedente differt corpore multo minore ac minus ellip-
tico, nitidiore (nullo modo alutaceo), paulo levyius ac minus dense
punctato (punctis in elytris evidentius seriatim dispositis), clypei
lateribus angustius obscuriusque testaceis, necnon macula nigra
discali prothoracicaé multo latiore vel magis transversa, antice plus
minus 4-furcata.
Found abundantly, by myself, in company with the preceding
species, in 8. Iago—namely, in the stream of the Orgaos ravine. It
is considerably smaller, and a little more oval (or less elliptic), than
the H. subpictus, rather more highly polished (the surface not being
at all alutaceous, even under a high magnifying-power), and some-
what more lightly and less closely punctured—the punctures on the
elytra, moreover, being more evidently arranged in longitudinal
rows. As regards markings, the edges of its clypeus (in front of
either eye) are less broadly, and more obscurely, testaceous ; and the
dark patch on its prothoracic disk is very much broader, or more
HYDROPHILIDZA. 43
transverse, more lunulate in outline, and divided in front (more or
less evidently) into four branches, or parts.
Genus 31. HELOCHARES.
Mulsant, Col, de France (Palpie. Errata), 197 (1844).
I refer the Palpicorn which I have described below to Helochares
because its mesosternum is totally unprovided with a longitudinal
keel, and because I cannot think that it ought to be separated from
that group. Nevertheless I am unable to detect any trace of even a
tubercle on its mesosternum, which seems to me to be perfectly
simple ; but since “ mesosternum simplex” was one of the actual cha-
racters given by Erichson for his Hydrobius dilutus, which is never-
theless now regarded as an Helochares, that fact will not militate
against my identification of the insect. In any case it may be known
generically from Philhydrus, not merely by its uncarinated mesoster-
num, but likewise by its clypeus being more scooped-out in front, by
the last articulation of its antenne being less thickened, and by its
maxillary palpi being somewhat slenderer still, with their second,
third, and fourth joints (although gradually diminishing a /itéle in
length) less wnequal in their proportions—the ultimate one being
relatively less shortened.
49. Helochares dilutus.
H. ovatus, haud valde convexus, dense, minutissime et leviter punc-
tulatus, seepius plus minus testaceo-niger (rarius niger, antice et
in limbo dilutior) ; clypeo antice emarginato ; elytris haud striatis,
sed seepius obscure subpellucide lineolato-decoratis; antennis (art?
ult? oblongo) fusco-brunneis, basi, palpis (gracillimis, art’* 2°, 3%°
et ult® gradatim paulo brevioribus, ult® penultimo paulo breviore)
tarsisque (posticis haud valde elongatis) testaceis, femoribus tibiis-
que picescentioribus; mesosterno simplicii—Long. corp. lin, 13-1.
Hydrobius dilutus, Erich., in Wiegm. Archiv, ix. 228 (1843).
Helophilus melanophthalmus, Muls., Palpic. de France, 137 (1844).
Habitat 8. Vicente ; in aquosis ad Madeiralzinho captus.
Taken by Mr. Gray and myself in 8. Vicente—adhering to the
undersides of sodden leaves, and wet stones, in the small stream which
issues from the dripping rocks at the base of the perpendicular moun-
tain-sides at Madeiralzinho. Independently of the structural cha-
racters above alluded to, which tend to remove it into a different
genus, it may be known from the Philhydrus melanocephalus, even
prima facie, by being a little more ovate and less convex, and on the
4.4. HYDROPHILIDA.
average smaller and paler—by its punctation (although extremely
fine) being if anything a trifle more apparent, causing the surface to
be usually somewhat less shining—by its elytra being altogether free
from a sutural stria, and (except in occasional darker specimens) with
a tendency to be obsoletely lineated (as though from obscure lines
shining through a subpellucid surface)—and by its two hinder feet
being perceptibly less elongate. I have little doubt that it is con-
specific with (though perhaps a small state of) the dilutus of Erich-
son, which is said to occur in south-western Europe and throughout
the greater portion of Africa (having been received from Egypt and
even Madagascar), and which Erichson first described amongst his
supposed ‘‘ Angolan” Coleoptera*.
Genus 32. PHILHYDRUS fF.
Solier, Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de France, iii. 315 (1834).
50. Philhydrus melanocephalus.
P. ovalis, convexus, dense, minutissime et levissime punctulatus, vel
niger limbo paulo dilutiore, vel plus minus testaceo-niger ; clypeo
anticesubtruncato; elytris stria suturali postice impressis; antennis
(art? ult? globoso-ovato) fusco-brunneis, basi, palpis (art. 2% reliquis
multo longiore, ult® penultimo multo breviore) tarsisque testaceis,
femoribus tibiisque piceis ; mesosterno per medium altissime la-
2
mellato-carinato.—Long. corp. lin. 15-25.
Hydrophilus melanocephalus, Olkv., Ent. iii. 389. 14 (1795).
Philhydrus melanocephalus, Woll., Ins. Mad. 98 (1854).
—, Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 32 (1857).
—— —, Id., Cat. Can. Col. 91 (1864).
, Id., Col. Atl. 77 (1865).
Habitat 8. Antao, 8. Vicente, 8. Iago, et Brava ; in aquosis ad mar-
gines aquarum, vel stagnantium vel fluentium, vulgaris.
I have given a diagnosis of this common insect, in order to call at-
tention to some of the main points in which it differs from the pre-
ceding one; for it is so extremely variable, both in size and hue, that
the smaller examples of it might seem at first sight to merge into the
larger ones of the latter. I need scarcely mention, however, that a
closer inspection will bring to ight an abundance of permanent cha-
* If however the above Helochares should prove eventually to be distinct from
the dilutus, which I hardly anticipate, I would then (having already given a full
diagnosis of it) propose for the species the name of simplex.
+ Apart from all other characters, the genus Phi/hydrus may be known by its
mesosternum being raised along the centre into an elevated lamelliform keel, and
by its maxillary palpi being greatly elongated—the second and third joints (espe-
cially the former) being very long, and the ultimate one considerably shorter than
either.
HYDROPHILID#. 45
racters of sufficient importance to assign the two species to even dif-
ferent groups. Thus, apart from the structural features, of keeled
mesosternum and the different proportions of the terminal joint of the
antennz and the last three of the maxillary palpi, the P. melanoce-
phalus (although most inconstant in dimensions and colour) is on the
average a larger and darker insect than the Helochares dilutus ; it is
also more oval (or less expanded posteriorly), more convex, and (if
anything) even still more lightly: punctulated; and its elytra have
each of them a deep sutural stria, evanescent in front but very con-
spicuous posteriorly.
The P. melanocephalus, which is common in most parts of Europe
and northern Africa, and which is almost universal in the Madeiran
and Canarian Groups, will probably be found to be generally distri-
buted over the Cape Verde archipelago, occurring principally at rather
low and intermediate altitudes. It was taken by Dr. H. Dohrn, Mr.
Gray, and myself (in the Ribeira de Joao Affonso, Curral das Vacas,
Tarrafal, &c.) in 8. Antao ; and by Mr. Gray and myself at Madeiral-
zinho inS. Vicente, as well as in S. Iago, and in the Ribeira do Sorno
in Brava.
Genus 33. STERNOLOPHUS.
Solier, Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de France, iii. 810 (1884).
51. Sternolophus Solieri.
S. ovalis, niger sed obsolete subeeneo-viridi tinctus, nitidus, minutis-
sime punctulatus (punctulis nisi oculo fortiter armato haud obser-
vandis) ; capitis linea frontali triarcuata alteraque intra oculos
necnon duabus (antica se. curvata, sed postica oblique recta) versus
utrumque latus prothoracis, omnibus plus minus irregularibus,
punctato-impressis ; prothoracis angulis rotundate obtusis ; elytris
seriebus circa 4 punctato-notatis; antennis piceis, ad basin pal-
pisque rufo-testaceis; pedibus rufo-piceis ; metasternali mucrone
ultra coxas posticas producto.—Long. corp. lin. 5.
Sternolophus rufipes, So/. [nec Fab.], loc. cit. (1854).
Solieri, Lap., Hist. Nat. des Col. ii. 54 (1841).
Habitat 8. Vicente, et 8. Iago; in aquis hine inde vulgaris.
The few Sternolophi hitherto recorded appear to be chiefly African,
though one is stated to occur in the East Indies. I have little doubt
that the present species is the S. Soliert of Laporte (the rufipes of
Solier, though apparently not of Fabricius), which is found in Senegal,
Egypt*, &c., and which according to Lacordaire is the type of the
* I possess an Egyptian specimen which (whatsoever it may be) is certainly
conspecific with the Cape Verde Sternolophus.
46 HYDROPHILID#.
genus ; yet Erichson, in the enumeration of his supposed “‘ Angolan”
Coleoptera, includes a Sternolophus which he identifies with one from
Madagascar—namely, Laporte’s wnicolor. It is of course possible
that the species determined by Erichson was truly from Angola,
and perhaps therefore truly the wnicolor ; nevertheless since so many
of the Coleoptera which he assumed to be Angolan were in reality from
these islands, and it seems scarcely likely that the collector who so-
journed for awhile (en passant) at the Cape Verdes would overlook so
large and common an insect as the Sternolophus now under conside-
ration, I should be inclined to suspect that it was our present species
to which Erichson really alluded, and that he wrongly identified it
with the Madagascar S. wnicolor (instead of the more northern S.
Solieri) through the error which he was led into in having been made
to believe that all his material was from Angola. Be this however as
it may, I feel satisfied that the Cape Verde Sternolophus is identical
with the one from Senegal and Egypt (namely the Solier), and not
with the wnicolor from Madagascar*.
Although, from the scarcity of water during the unusually dry sea-
‘son in which we visited the islands, it was only in 8. Vicente and 8.
Iago that we met with this Sternolophus, there can be little doubt
that it will be found to permeate the greater portion of the archi-
pelago—occurring principally at intermediate altitudes. The speci-
mens from S. Vicente (whence likewise it has been communicated
by Mr. Miller) were taken at Madeiralzinho, and the 8. Iago ones at
San Domingos.
Genus 34. HYDROBIUS.
Leach, Zool. Miseell. iii. 95 (1817).
* Sternolophus seems to differ so very slightly from Hydrous that I am doubt-
ful whether it ought to be regarded as more than a mere Section of the latter.
According to Lacordaire, it embraces merely a few tropical species of the Hydrous-
type in which the mentum, although rounded in front, is so dent, or corrugated,
in the centre as to cause it at first sight to appear emarginate, and in which also
the last joint of the maxillary palpi is longer than the preceding one. In the
Cape Verde species, however, the ultimate and penultimate articulations appear
to be as nearly as possible of egual length, so that the latter of the above generic
conditions can scarcely be worth much ; and yet, unless I am greatly mistaken,
this very species is the actual ¢ype of the group. Erichson apparently did not ac-
knowledge Sternolophus as a distinct genus, for he cited the S. wnicolor as an
“Hydrophilus” (i.e. Hydrous—as now understood)—merely indicating, within
brackets, that it belonged to the Sternolophus-section. He also described a new
Hydrous (or, as he there calls it, “‘ Hydrophilus”), under the name of H. ango-
lensis ; but that one cannot be our present insect, for he not only asserts the fe-
mora and tibiz to be black, but likewise the metasternal mucro to be so very short
as not to project behind the posterior coxae—-whereas in the Cape Verde species
it is produced considerably beyond that point.
SPH#HRIDIAD®. 4.7
52. Hydrobius phalacroides, n. sp.
H., ovalis, valde convexus, seneo-niger, nitidus, ubique dense puncta-
tus (punctis in elytris profundis); oculis magnis sed demissis ; pro-
thorace ad latera interdum obsolete dilutiore; elytris singulis linea
suturali antice evanescente impressis; antennis palpisque rufo-tes-
taceis, his ad apicem ipsissimum et illarum clayva fusco-piceis ; pe-
dibus rufo-piceis, tarsis vix dilutioribus.
Variat interdum obscure viridi tinctus, rarius omnino subniger.—
Long. corp. lin. 3-1.
Habitat 8. Antio, et S. Vicente; in intermediis, preecipue ad rupes
aquosas, rarissimus.
The oval outline, very convex body, and more or less brassy-black
hue of this little Hydrobius (which has sometimes also a slightly
greenish tinge, and is rarely, if ever, quite free from a faint metallic
lustre), combined with its dense and distinct punctation (especially of
the elytra), will sufficiently characterize it. It appears to be exceed-
ingly rare, and confined to damp spots of intermediate altitudes, oc-
curring principally amongst sodden leaves and refuse on dripping
rocks. ) |
CURCULIONID®. ]
142. Sitophilus oryzae.
Curculio oryze, Zinn., Cent. Ins. 12 (1763).
Sitophilus oryze, Woll., Ins. Mad. 322 (1854).
, Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 105 (1857).
—— ——,, Id., Cat. Can. Col. 280 (1864).
—— — , Id., Col. Atl. 265 (1865).
Habitat S. Antao, 8. Vicente, 8. Iago, Fogo, et Brava; circa domos
(preesertim in frumentariis) et in cultis, ex alienis introductus.
In oppidulis preedominat, qua muros lente ascendere szepius vi-
deatur.
This spotted and almost cosmopolitan Sitophilus has established
itself in the Cape Verde archipelago, much as it has at the Madeiras
and Canaries ; but it is a mere introduction through the medium
of commerce. I have taken it inS8. Antao, 8. Vicente, 8. Iago, Fogo,
and Brava,—in the first of which it was captured also by Dr. H.
Dohrn, and in 8. Antao, 8. Vicente, and 8. Iago by Mr. Gray.
(Subfam. CIONIDES.)
Genus 99. NANOPHYES.
Schonherr, Gen. et Spec. Cure. iv. 780 (1838).
143. Nanophyes longipes, n. sp.
NW. ellipticus, convexus, niger, nitidus, fere impunctatus sed pilis ro-
bustis demissis cinereis vestitus ; rostro elongato, lineari, angusto,
subarcuato, (apice leviore excepto) sulcato-striato, oculis magnis,
subapproximatis ; prothorace conico; elytris obovatis basi trun-
catis, profunde striatis; antennis (gracilibus, mox pone apicem
rostri insertis) pedibusque longissimis, illarum scapo testaceo, clava*
(3-art®*) elongata, lax; horum coxis testaceis, femoribus subtus
3-spinulosis (spinulis duabus internis minutissimis, externa elon-
gata subcurvata angusta acutissim4), tarsis longissimis, art’* 1™° et
ult™ precipue elongatis.—Long. corp. lin. 13.
Habitat 8. Iago; inter plantas in aquosis intermediis deprehensus.
This large and concolorous Nanophyes—which is black (with the
exception of the testaceous scape and coxe), but covered with a coarse,
* T believe that Duval was perfectly correct as regards the antennze of Nano-
phyes, and that the two joints which are usually looked upon as forming the
base of the club are in reality no more than enlarged ones of the funiculus—
which consequently, as in the majority of the Curculionide, is 7- (instead of
only 5-) articulate. In some of the species indeed these supposed “ claval” arti-
culations are so far reduced in size as even to appear scarcely larger than the
terminal ones often are, of funicu/i; whilst the fact that the zrwe clava is some-
times obscurely annulated shows that it alone constitutes the actual club, as
being made up of two or three other joints which are soldered closely together.
126 CURCULIONID.
decumbent, cinereous pubescence—differs from the ordinary members
of the genus in its limbs being greatly elongated (a fact which is espe-
cially observable as regards the tarsi, the length of their first and ter-
minal joints being far beyond what is normal), and in its antenne
being inserted almost at the apex of its (slender and sulcate) rostrum.
There can be no question however that it is a true Nanophyes—its
external contour and structure, added to the peculiar spinules on the
inner edge of its femora, and the modifications of its antennee, leaving
no room for doubt concerning its affinities. In its rather large size,
and concolorous, unfasciated surface, it bears astrong prima facie re-
semblance to the European JN. siculus, though in all its other, and
most important, details it recedes entirely from that species.
The NV. longipes is extremely rare, the few examples which I have
seen having been taken by myself in the interior of 8. lago—namely,
at San Domingos and in the Ribeira dos Orgios. They were all of
them captured by brushing the rank vegetation in marshy spots, ad-
joining their respective streams; but to what particular plant they
were attached I did not succeed in ascertaining.
(Subfam. RHINOMACERIDES. )
Genus 100. AULETES.
Schonherr, Curc. Disp. Meth. 46 (1826).
144. Auletes euphorbiz, n. sp.
A, elongato-ovatus, pube molli cinerea (in elytris erecta elongata)
dense vestitus; capite nigro, sat profunde punctato, rostro gracili
elongato vix picescentiore et minutius punctulato; prothorace an-
gustulo, subconico, ad latera pone medium paulo rotundato, dense
punctato, testaceo sed utrinque et super discum plus minus nigres-
cente ; elytris testaceis, per suturam nigrescentioribus, profunde,
rugulose, parcius et vix seriatim punctatis (punctis magnis) ; an-
tennis pedibusque elongatis, illis gracilibus picescentibus (ad api-
cem fere nigris), his infuscate testaceis, interdum in femoribus
(rarius in tibiis, rarissime in tarsis) obscuratis.—Long. corp. lin.
eye
Habitat 8. Antao, 8. Vicente, 8. lago, Fogo, et Brava; ad flores folia-
que Euphorbie Tuckeyane, late diffusus.
This fine Avwletes is rather larger (on the average) than any of the
Canarian and Madeiran species hitherto detected; its rostrum is a
little longer, as well as somewhat more shining and more finely pune-
CURCULIONID®. 27H
tured ; and its limbs are altogether more elongate. This last fact is
very apparent as regards the feet, which also have their third joint
very broadly bilobed. Its pubescence likewise is longer and denser,
and is on the elytra much more erect ; and its entire colour is consi-
derably darker—being normally of much the same hue as the darkest
aberration of the A. maderensis. In the shape of its posteriorly-
rounded prothorax it is more on the pattern of the maderensis and
anceps than of the cylindricollis. Like most of the exponents of this
genus, it is exceedingly variable in hue ; but typically its head, ros-
trum, and antenne seem to vary from piceous into nearly black, whilst
its prothorax is testaceous, but so largely infuscated at the sides and
across the disk as to appear (on the whole) almost dark, and its elytra
are uniformly pale except along the suture—which is conspicuously
obscured. The legs are either altogether testaceous or clouded (more
or less) in most of their parts, especially however the femora.
The A. euphorbie, as its name implies, is eminently of Huphorbia-
infesting habits—though, unlike either the wood-boring Coleoptera
or those which reside beneath merely putrid bark, it is of course only
on the flowers and foliage of those viscous shrubs that (in its imago-
state) it is to be found; but in such situations it probably exists,
wherever the 2. Tuckeyana still remains, throughout the archipelago.
It was taken by Dr. H. Dohrn (at the Barro de Ferro) in the north
of S. Antéo, by Mr. Gray and myself on the top of Monte Verde in
S. Vicente, by myself on the hills above 8 Catharina in the interior
of 8. Iago, as well as at the Monte Nucho in Fogo, and by Mr. Gray
above the Povoacio in Brava—in every instance on bushes of the
Euphorbia.
(Subfam. APIONIDES.)
Genus 101. APION.
Herbst, Kéf, vii. 100 (1797).
145. Apion 4-spinosum, n. sp.
A, elongato-ovatum, opacum, nigrum sed ubique squamis demissis
cinereo-albidis vestitum ; antennis pone medium rostri (elongati,
linearis, teretis, subarcuati) insertis ; prothorace (subter squamis
leviter et parce punctato) conico ; elytris (subter squamis profunde
crenato-striatis, in interstitiis rugulosis sed vix punctulatis) ad
basin juxta scutellum utrinque densius albido-squamosis ; pedibus
(preesertim in femoribus tibiisque rectis) clarioribus.
Mas rostro paululum breviore rugosiusque sculpturato, ad antenna-
128 CURCULIONID®.
rum insertionem obsoletissime subampliato ; tibiis posterioribus ad
angulum internum spinula subcurvata armatis.—Long. corp. lin. 13.
Habitat Fogo ; super folia plantarum, presertim Aerve javanice, in
inferioribus intermediisque occurrens.
This Apion is particularly interesting, as being the only member
of the genus hitherto detected in these islands ; and it may easily be
recognized by its surface being uniformly clothed with a coarse, de-
cumbent, whitish pubescence. It is further remarkable for the four
hinder tibize of its males being armed at their inner apical angle with
a slightly curved spinule*. We observed it only in Fogo, where it
was first captured by Mr. Gray (from plants of the Aerva javanica)
at a low elevation between S. Filippe and the Porto da Luz ; and we
subsequently met with it, at a much higher altitude, and in still
greater abundance, by beating the rank herbage at the Monte Nucho.
In all probability it is not peculiar to this archipelago ; for I possess
four specimens taken by the late Mr. Melly in Egypt which (although
perhaps a trifle smaller) seem hardiy separable from the Cape Verde
ones ; but as all of them are unfortunately females, I cannot examine
the tibie of their male sex, and therefore am not able to decide posi-
tively.
(Subfam. CLEONIDES.)
Genus 102. MICROLARINUS.
Hochhuth, Bull. de Moscou, i, 540 (1847).
146. Microlarinus lypriformis.
M. angusto-linearis, fusco-niger sed pube fusco-cinerea subalbidaque
nebulosusetpilis elongatis suberectis (in elytris sublongitudinaliter)
parce obsitus ; rostro brevi, crasso, sed sublineari, oculis sat parvis
subrotundatis ; prothorace rugose punctato, ad latera subrecto
atque ibidem densius subalbido ; elytris subcylindricis, punctato-
striatis, singulis in maculis duabus basalibus (sc. ad humerum et
juxta scutellum) necnon in duabus postmediis sublateralibus (om-
nibus indistinctis et plus minus obliteratis) densius subalbidis ;
antennis (brevibus) pedibusque (crassiusculis) rufo-ferrugineis,
clavé obscuriore, acuminata.—Long. corp. lin. 1}-2.
* Tt is not an uncommon circumstance for the two front tibize of the male
Apions to be furnished at their inner apical angle with a small spine (a charac-
ter which may be seen in the Canarian A. calcaratum, the chalybeipenne of the
Madeiran and Canarian Groups, and the European carduorum, eneum, and
radiolus, and obscurely in the onopord?); but I am acquainted with no other
species in which the spinule is removed to the fowr hinder ones. Possibly, how-
ever, a close examination might show that this structure obtains even in some of
the recognized forms.
CURCULIONIDE. 129
Rhinocyllas lypritormis, Woll., Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 102 (1861),
Habitat 8. Vicente, Fogo, et Brava; presertim plantas Zygophylli
(vel sitmplicis vel Fontanesii) in aridis arenosisque inferioribus
colens.
This rather narrow and subcylindrical little Curculionid (which is
irregularly clothed with a dirty yellowish-brown and whitish pubes-
cence, and sparingly studded with suberect, cinereous, or almost silvery,
hairs) is widely spread over the archipelago, where we may anticipate
that it will be found to be pretty general in arid and sandy spots of a
low elevation. A single example of it was taken, many years ago, by
Mr. A. Fry, in 8. Vicente—in which island a second was lately ob-
tained (at Madeiralzinho) by Mr. Gray ; and it was also found by Mr.
Gray on the succulent plants of Zygophyllum between S. Filippe and
the Porto da Luz in Fogo (where I hkewise met with it, afterwards, in
tolerable abundance), as well as near the Porto da Furna in Brava.
The WM. lypriformis is very closely allied to the MW. Lareynet of
southern Europe, of which indeed it might well be regarded as but
a geographical state. It seems to be, merely, a trifle narrower and
more straightened, with its elytra not quite so wide just behind their
base (at the humeral angles), and with the decumbent portion of its
scale-like pubescence of a slightly yellower, or less silvery, tinge.
Genus 103. LIXUS.
Fabricius, Syst. Ent. ii. 498 (1775).
147. Lixus creteopictus, n. sp.
L. eylindrico-oblongus, niger, pube grisea adspersus necnon pulvere
cretaceo plus minus albido et subroseo densissime lete variegatus ;
rostro (prothorace breviore) cylindrico, crassiusculo, oculis magnis,
reniformibus ; prothorace (subter squamis profunde et parce punc-
tato) conico, subroseo, sed ad latera (apice punctuloque medio
exceptis) albido; elytris (subter squamis grosse substriato-punc-
tatis) ad basin ipsam prothoracis latitudine, apice singulatim ro-
tundatis, subroseo albidoque irregulariter marmorato-fasciatis (se.
seepius subalbidis sed in fasciis basali obscura, media dentata, et
subapicali intus abbreviata, omnibus plus minus obscuris suffusis,
subroseis) ; antennis tarsisque brevibus clarioribus, femoribus mu-
ticis, tibiis ad apicem internum acutis sed haud uncinatis, tarsis
late dilatatis.
Variat pulvere plus minus omnino saturate vel subflave albido (vix
subroseo adspersus), fasciis gre observandis.—Long. corp. lin.
33-vix 6.
Habitat S. Iago ; ad folia Prosopidis (et rarius Zizyphi) in apricis in-
ferioribus intermediisque degens.
K
130 CURCULIONID.
This elegant, but variable, Liwus was discovered by Mr. Gray, close
to the Villa da Praia, in 8. Iago—on a prickly Acacia, or Prosopis
(probably the P. physocarpa), in the Palm-grove adjoining the east-
ern outskirts of the town, a locality in which I met with it myself,
subsequently, in equal profusion. Although chiefly on the Prosopis,
we obtained it occasionally from the (likewise spiny) Zizyphus ortha-
cantha—both of which are unquestionably indigenous in the Cape
Verde archipelago. We did not observe it in any of the other islands,
and indeed I am not aware that those trees occur (either of them)
except in 8. Iago; but in the latter it will perhaps be pretty general
throughout the districts which are characterized by that remarkable,
and often quaintly-distorted, Prosopis—from which I also captured
it at San Domingos.
The present Liaus being the only one hitherto detected in the Cape
Verdes, it can scarcely be confounded with anything else enumerated
in this volume; nevertheless the excessive beauty of the unrubbed
and highly-coloured examples of it, which are densely clothed with
a mixture of a somewhat rosy and almost white chalky powder—the
head and prothorax (which however has its sides white) being chiefly
of the former tint, whilst the elytra are mainly of the latter, but or-
namented with three more or less obscure and broken irregular red-
dish fascize,—will sufficiently characterize the species. Being very
variable, however, its cretaceous covering is sometimes almost en-
tirely of a dirty yellowish-white, with only faint traces of the darker
elytral fascize ; whilst, on the other hand, old and abraded specimens
(the clothing of which has been destroyed) are of course nearly black.
It has a slight prima facie resemblance to the L. nycterophorus, of
Reiche, from Abyssinia ; but, apart from many other distinctions, that
species (the antennze of which, judging from the published figure, are
longer) has the femora dentate ; whereas in the ereteopzctus they are
simple.
Genus 104. CLEONUS.
Schonherr, Cure. Disp. Meth. 145 (1826).
148. Cleonus mucidus.
C. oblongus, niger, pube cinereo- (vel subflavo-) brunnea densissime
tectus ; rostro (prothoracis circa longitudine) lineari, angulato,
supra bisulcato, oculis elongatis, anguste reniformibus ; prothorace
(subter squamis profunde denseque rugoso-punctato) breviter sub-
conico, in disco vix parcius squamoso; elytris (subter squamis
grossestriato-punctatis) ad basin ipsam prothoracis latitudine, pone
CURCULIONIDA. 13]
humeros (oblique sectos) subangulatis, per discum obsoletissime
fasciis tribus valde abbreviatis maculiformibus (sc. antemedia, post-
media, et subapicali obsoleta in impressione sitaé) utrinque nebulo-
sis, ad apicem ipsissimum paululum dehiscentibus ; abdominis seg-
mentis 2%, 3%, et 4° (vix 5'°) subtus ad basin nigro 4-maculatis.
—Long. corp. lin. 53.
Curculio mucidus, Germ., Mag. der Ent. 1. 132 (1813).
Cleonus velatus, maculipes, et mucidus, Schdn., Gen. et Spec. Cure. ii.
196, 197, 221 (1854).
mucidus et var, 8, Id., ibid. vi. (pars 2) 48 (1842).
, Woll., Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 101 (1861).
Habitat 8. Vicente, et S. Iago; in aridis inferioribus, rarior.
I took a single example of the C. mucidus, close to the Villa da
Praia, in 8. Iago—beneath a stone, in the Palm-grove to the east of
the town; and four more were captured, some years ago, by Mr. A.
Fry (‘under suceulent plants” near Porto Grande) in S. Vicente.
We may expect therefore that it will be pretty general, at low ele-
vations, throughout the archipelago ; for it is a species which has a
wide range along the western countries of Africa—occurring in Sene-
gal, Guinea, &c., and even so far south as the Cape of Good Hope.
In eastern Africa it appears to be represented by the nearly-allied
C. arenarius—which is found in Egypt, &c., and which extends even
into India. It is a variable insect, in the exact colour of its scales ;
and the particular phasis of it which occurs in these islands was de-
scribed in the second volume of Schonherr’s work as distinct, under
the name of C. maculipes; but subsequently (in vol. vi.) it was treated
as a “‘ var. 8” of the mucidus—being altogether of a rather yellower
tint, with its abdominal patches brighter, and its legs a trifle more
annulated.
(Subfam. BYRSOPSIDES.)
Genus 105. GRONOPS.
Schénherr, Cure. Disp. Meth. 157 (1826).
149. Gronops pallidulus, n. sp.
G. squamis fulvo-cinereis, cinereis, et paulo obscurioribus densissime
marmoratus, squamisque demissis subcinereis (in elytris longitu-
dinaliter) parcissime adspersus; rostro angulato, supra planiusculo,
inter oculos profunde foveolato; prothorace angustulo, inequali,
pone apicem transversim constricto, fulvo-cinereo sed ad latera
(subrecta) necnon in medio (late canaliculato) magis subalbido-
_cinereo ; elytris prothorace multo latioribus, grosse striato-puncta-
tis, in sutura interstitiisque alternis costato-elevatis (costa discali
K 2
132 CURCULIONIDA.
ante apicem subito terminati, nodum parvum efficiente), cinereo-
brunneis et hine inde subnigro irroratis, sed utrinque et postice
plus minus fulvo-cinereis, necnon in fasciis duabus transversis ob-
scuris (sc. in medio et ante apicem sitis) paululum albidioribus.
Variat squamis plus minus concoloribus, fasciis obsoletis——Long.
corp. lin. 23-23.
Habitat 8. Vicente ; sub lapidibus in aridis inferioribus, ac paululum
elevatis, congregans.
This handsome Gronops is very much larger than the European (and
Canarian) G. lunatus, with the subapical node of its elytra less de-
veloped, with its legs relatively longer, and with its coloration diffe-
rent. This latter (although perhaps with a less admixture of snowy-
white scales) is on the whole paler and more uniform—the major por-
tion of the surface being of a pale yellowish-brown, or brownish-
cinereous, hue; and the two elytral fascize (the anterior one of which
is narrower and less lunulate) are more suffused, or less sharply de-
fined. The only specimens which I have seen were taken by myself,
beneath stones, at a very slight elevation in 8. Vicente—on the arid
slopes about a mile to the south-east of Porto Grande, in ascending
from the sandy tracts to the first range of low rounded hills. There,
however, it was in tolerable abundance—occurring (as is usual with
the members of this genus and Rhytidorhinus) in clusters, within the
seoriaceous hollows of the stones.
(Subfam. BRACHYDERIDES.)
Genus 106. DINAS (nov. gen.).
Corpus plus minus elongato-ovatum, minutissime squamosum et in-
terdum setis erectis obsitum, apterum ; rostro brevi, subparallelo,
supra planiusculo, scrobe profundo, curvato, longe ante marginem
oculi (parvi, subrotundati) anticum oblique ducto ; prothorace an-
tice paululum constricto-angustato, sed recte terminato et fasci-
culis lateralibus hand instructo ; scutello minutissimo, egre obser-
vando ; elytris antice plus minus angustatis, ad basin ipsam aut
prothoracis latitudine aut paululum latioribus. Antenne (ad apicem
rostri inserts) subgraciles; scapo subflexuoso, ad apicem parum
subito clavato ; funiculo 7-articulato, art's 1™° et 2% obconicis, illo
longiusculo, hdc breviore, reliquis subrotundatis moniliformibus
latitudine vix crescentibus (art? horum medio, aut funiculi quinto,
annexis obsoletissime subminore) ; clavé abrupta, solide 3-articu-
lata, apice acuta. Pedes longiusculi, robusti; femoribus subtus
denticulo minuto armatis ; tbiis anticis subcurvatis, et intus seepius
minutissime subserratis ; tarsis latiusculis, wnguiculis ad basin con-
natis.
{| Typus—D. rugicollis. |
CURCULIONIDA. 133
The five species for which I have established the present genus are
remarkable (inter alia) for their femora being armed beneath with a
minute spinule, and for the first and second joints of their funiculus
being obconical and (particularly the former) comparatively elongate,
whilst the remaining five are short, subglobose, and moniliform—the
central one of them, moreover (or the fifth of the funiculus), bemg
just perceptibly smaller than the one which precedes and that which
follows it. As in most of the true Brachyderides, the elytra are more
or less narrowed anteriorly (where they are either of the same width
as the base of the prothorax, or only very slightly broader), their
bodies are apterous, their scutella are barely traceable, and their claws
are soldered together at the base. I may add that I sent the D. 0b-
sita to Liége, for the opinion of Lacordaire—who returned it with the
following remark: ‘“ J’ai examiné avec soin le petit insecte des iles
du Cap Vert. Je ne le connais pas, mais c’est évyidemment un
Brachydeéride vrai, trés voisin des Foucartia et des Platytarsus, mais
ne rentrant bien dans aucun de ces deux genres—dont il différe non
seulement par ses cuisses dentées en dessous, mais par quelques autres
caractéres portant principalement sur le rostre et les scrobes. Je crois
que vous pouvez hardiment en faire un genre, dont la place me parait
étre entre les deux que je viens de nommer.”
150. Dinas rugicollis, n. sp.
D. nigra, quasi subcalva (solum squamulis minutissimis granulifor-
mibus fere concoloribus, aut vix dilutioribus, preesertim postice ir-
rorata, pilisque suberectis subcinereis versus latera et apicem par-
cissime obsita); rostro parce et leviter punctulatosnecnon rugose
longitudinaliter strigoso ; prothorace brevi, apice truncato, ad la-
tera valde rotundato, basi distincte marginato, grosse scabroso-
tuberculato (tuberculis magnis), in medio profunde canaliculato ;
scutello minutissimo ; elytris convexis, subglobosis, inflatis, leviter
substriato- -punctatis; antennis brevibus, picescentibus, Claws ab-
rupta ; pedibus robustis, femoribus subtus denticulo minutissimo
armatis, tibiis anticis intus distincte sed parce serratis; tarsis la-
tiusculis.—Long. corp. lin, 3-34.
Habitat 8. Vicente ; sub lapidibus in summo ipso Montis Viridis par-
cissime deprehensa.
A most remarkable Curculionid, and apparently exceedingly scarce
—the very few specimens which I have seen haying been captured
by myself, beneath stones, on the extreme summit of Monte Verde,
in 8. Vicente. Probably, however, at a different season of the year
it might be more plentiful. Its rather large size and deep-black hue,
134: CURCULIONIDE.
combined with its short, laterally-rounded, and very roughly sculp-
tured prothorax (which is densely beset with exceedingly coarse
tubercles), and its convex, inflated, subglobose, lightly striate-punc-
tate elytra, will sufficiently characterize it. Its rostrum is a trifle
longer than in the four following species, its antennal club is thicker
and more abrupt, and its anterior tibie are more evidently serrated
internally. The fact of its surface being black causes it at first sight
to appear entirely bald; nevertheless when closely inspected it will
be seen that at any rate its elytra are besprinkled with most minute
and nearly eoncolorous scales, which have all the primd facie appear-
ance of granules. They are more abundant, however, behind than
in front—where, also, from being a little paler (or more fulvescent),
they are more conspicuous.
151. Dinas elliptipennis, n. sp.
D. subnigra, squamulis minutis submetallico-cinereis densissime ne-
bulosa pilisque erectis subcinereis preesertim postice parce obsita ;
rostro antice leeyi, postice argute longitudinaliter strigoso ; pro-
thorace ad latera rotundato, utrinque sepius subdensius cinereo,
in medio subintegro (vix canaliculato); scutello distincto; ely-
tris ellipticis, leviter punctato-striatis; antennis (breviusculis)
pedibusque ferrugineis, femoribus subtus denticulo minuto arma-
tis, tiblis anticis intus obsolete et parce serratis; tarsis latiusculis.
—Long. corp. lin. 23—vix 3.
Habitat Fogo; in herbidis (inter Huphorbias) ad Monte Nucho
capta.
Easily known from the other species here enumerated by its ely-
tra being more’ regularly elliptical, and its entire surface densely
clothed with whitish, or cinereous, scales which have a distinct sub-
metallic lustre. It is smaller than the last species, but a little
larger and broader than the following ones. Neither its scutellum
nor the denticle of its femora is quite so minute as is the case in
the rugicollis, and its antennal club is narrower and more acumi-
nate; but its feet are almost as broad as in that insect, and its
anterior tibize are very obsoletely serrated along their inner edge.
Its rostrum is smooth anteriorly, but longitudinally strigulose behind ;
its antenne are rather short, and of a clear rufo-ferruginous tint ;
and its prothorax is closely rugose-punctate, and almost free from
any appearance of a dorsal channel.
I have seen but five examples of this insect—all of which were
taken by myself, amongst herbage, and in the immediate vicinity of
the Euphorbias, at the Monte Nucho, in Fogo.
CURCULIONIDA. 135
152. Dinas angustula, nu. sp.
D. angustula, subnigra, squamulis minutis cinereis et brunneis
(rarius submetallicis) densissime lutoso-nebulosa, aut calva aut
setis crassis suberectis subcinereis praesertim postice parce obsita ;
prothorace ad latera leviter rotundato, utrinque subdensius cinereo,
in medio subintegro aut tenuiter canaliculato ; scutello minutis-
simo, segre observando; elytris angustulis, antice gradatim angus-
tatis (ad basin ipsam prothoracis latitudine), in medio leviter ro-
tundatis, punctato-striatis ; antennis pedibusque aut ferrugineis,
aut piceo-ferrugineis, illarum clava acuta, femoribus subtus den-
ticulo minuto armatis, tibiis anticis intus subintegris, tarsis latius-
culis——Long. corp, lin. 2-21.
Habitat 8. Antao ; in intermediis editioribusque, presertim inter Hu-
phorbias, lecta.
Whatever may be the modes of life of the other members of the
present genus, this species and the following one appear to be at-
tached chiefly to the Euphorbias—from the bushes of which they
may sometimes be taken in considerable profusion. Whether they
are exclusively, however, of Euphorbia-infesting propensities I can-
not tell; for we occasionally obtained them from the flowers of other
plants likewise, in the vicinity of those viscous shrubs ; but I am
inclined to suspect that, in at all events their previous states, they
will be found to be so. And if that should be the case, I have
little doubt that the habits of at any rate the elliptipennis (from
Fogo) are similar. The D. angustula was captured abundantly, by
Dr. H. Dohrn, in the north of 8. Antéo—from Euphorbias at the
Feijaa dos Bois; and three examples of it (which are altogether
free from additional erect sete) were found by Mr. Gray in the
same island—namely, at Catano, towards the head of the Ribeira
das Patas.
The present Dinas, however, and the following one being both
extremely variable (in outline and clothing), I cannot feel altogether
satisfied that they are more in reality than insular states of a single
plastic form. Yet, in spite of their great instability, they certainly
do possess a few distinctive characters, one or more of which are
always appreciable in even the most aberrant specimens. Thus the
D. angustula is on the average a little larger and narrower than the
obsita ; its elytra are less ovate (or less rounded behind the middle),
and more sparingly studded with rather shorter sete (some exam-
ples indeed being quite free from them); and its antenne and legs
are just perceptibly thicker. The club of the former, also, is a trifle
136 CURCULIONIDA.
less abrupt at its base (consequent on the ultimate joints of the
funiculus being a Jittle more incrassated), and more decidedly acu-
minate at its apex ; and the tibie and feet are somewhat broader,
or more developed—the former being, if anything, a little more
curved (or less straightened along their inner edge).
153. Dinas obsita, n. sp.
D. precedenti affinis et forsan ejus varietas insularis; plerumque
subminor ac paulo minus angustata, elytris magis ovatis (pone
medium rotundatioribus) setisque longioribus densius adspersis,
antennis pedibusque sensim gracilioribus, ilarum clava ad basin
paululum magis abrupta (1. e. funiculi articulis ulterioribus vix
minus incrassatis) necnon ad apicem minus acuminata, tibiis sub-
rectioribus (intus evidenter minus sinuatis), tarsis subangustiori-
bus.—Long. corp. lin. 12-23.
Habitat 8. Vicente; preecipue inter Huphorbias, sed interdum ad flores
varios (Tornabenie insularis et cet.), in editioribus occurrens.
Whilst the last species seems to be peculiar to 8S. Antao, the pre-
sent one clearly represents it in the neighbouring island of 8. Vi-
cente ; and, considering how variable both of them are, I cannot (as
just stated) feel quite sure (despite the opposite aspect of their ex-
tremes) that they are more than insular modifications of a single
form. Yet to treat them as such would perhaps hardly be prudent—
seeing that they have a few distinguishing points which are always
more or less traceable, and since the whole of these four species (the
elliptipennis, angustula, obsita, and sitonwformis) are connected topo-
graphically with each other in much the same kind of way as are
the two now under consideration. The D. obsita occurs in the
higher districts of 8. Vicente (as the angustula does in those of
S. Antao), from which island it was first communicated to me, a
few years ago, by the English consul, Mr. Miller. During our late
expedition, however, it was taken abundantly by myself and Mr.
Gray on the summit of Monte Verde—chiefly on the flowers, and
dead shrubs, of the Huphorbia Tuckeyana, though likewise on the
blossoms of Tornabenia insularis (a carrot-lke plant growing in the
immediate vicinity of the former). I have little doubt that it is, in
reality, of Huphorbia-infesting habits.
As already implied, the D. obsita is on the average a little smaller
than the angustula; and its elytra are usually more ovate (or
rounded behind the middle), as well as more densely (though, at
the same time, sparingly) beset with rather longer erect sete. Its
CURCULIONIDE. 137
limbs also are just appreciably slenderer, with the antennal club
somewhat abrupter at the base (consequent on the terminal joints of
the funiculus being a trifle less thickened), and less acuminated at
the apex; its tibie are, if anything, perhaps, straighter (or less
sinuated along their inner edge); and its feet are not quite so
broad.
154. Dinas sitoneformis, n. sp.
D. nigra, nitida, squamulis minutis cinereo-metallicis (seepius opalino
et virescente, rarius subaureo vel cupreo tinctis) nebulosa (sed
pilis setisve omnino carens); capite rostroque fere esculpturatis,
oculis majusculis prominentibus ; prothorace (saltem in disco)
leviter et parce punctato, ad latera paulo rotundato et vix subden-
sius squamoso, in medio tenuiter canaliculato; scutello minuto ;
elytris ovalibus, subconvexis, (ad basin ipsam prothorace vix latio-
ribus,) punctato-striatis; antennis pedibusque longiusculis, fer-
rugineis, illis versus apicem femoribusque (subtus denticulo mi-
nuto armatis) paulo obscurioribus, tibiis anticis intus subintegris,
tarsis longiusculis.—Long. corp. lin. 2-23.
Habitat 8. Nicolaio; 4 Dom. Gray inter plantas Malve parviflore sat
copiose deprehensa.
Several examples of this distinct species were brushed by Mr.
Gray off some plants of Malva parviflora, on the mountains in
S. Nicolao—at about 2000 feet above the sea. They bear so strong
a prima facie resemblance to a somewhat opaline, submetallic Sitona
(of the regenstetnensis and latipennis type) that, until [had examined
- them carefully, I concluded them to be an exponent of that genus ;
nevertheless the denticle of their femora, their apterous body, their
connate claws, and the structure of their funiculus—the first and
second joints of which (especially the former) are obconical and
comparatively elongate, whilst the remaining five are short and sub-
moniliform, with the third (or central) one of them just appreciably
smaller than those which adjoin it—unmistakeably affiliate them
with the members of our present group, of which perhaps they may
be regarded as the representative in 8. Nicolaéo. If peculiar how-
ever to the Mallows, they at least recede in their habits from most
of the other species (which seem more or less dependent on the Eu-
phorbias) ; but, still, we have yet to ascertain that this is truly the
case ; for Mr. Gray’s examples may possibly have been attracted to
the blossoms of those plants, just as the D. obsita in 8. Vicente ap-
pear to have been to those of the carrot-lke Tornabenia.
But whatever be the mode of life of the D. sitoneformis, it is
138 ANTHRIBIDA.
abundantly distinct from the other species here enumerated; for not
only is it more brightly coloured, or metallic (varying in its scales
from a palish opaline-blue into greenish, or even into a brassy green),
and apparently free from all traces of suberect hairs or sete, but its
surtace (beneath the pubescence) is more polished, and the sculpture
of its head and prothorax is very much lighter ; indeed the former,
together with the rostrum, is almost unsculptured. The last five
joints of its funiculus are not quite so rounded and moniliform as is
the case in the other species.
Fam. 35. ANTHRIBIDA.
Genus 107. TRIGONORHINUS.
Wollaston, Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 102 (1861).
Corpus breviter oblongum, densissime pubescente variegatum ; rostro
breyissimo, subtriangulari, apice integro bisinuate rotundato (nec
emarginato, nec etiam truncato), oculis parvis, demissis, antice
anguste emarginatis ; prothorace convexo, «quali (nec tuberculato,
nec strigato), conico, postice elytrorum latitudine, antice rotun-
date producto, basi marginato, necnon in dimidia parte postica
marginis lateralis carinato; scutello parvo, subrotundato; elytris
postice pygidio brevioribus. Antenne prothorace vix breviores,
graciles sed apice abrupte et valde clavate, mox ante sinum ocu-
lorum in fovea laterali insertee, art's 1™° et 2% (illo precipue)
longiusculis robustis, reliquis ad clavyam parvis latitudine sub-
eequalibus (3"° quarto vix longiore), 9°, 10™ et 11™° clavam mag-
nam valde abruptam crassam triarticulatam efficientibus. Pedes
sat validi, postic: paulo breviores : femoribus muticis : tarsis pseu-
dotetrameris, arti* 1™° et 2° longitudine subzequalibus, hdc apice
leviter emarginato, tertium profunde bilobum recipiente, 4°° minu-
tissimo, inter lobos tertii abscondito.
The present genus is perhaps nearer to Cratoparis than to An-
thribus proper ; and it may be known, znter alia, by its exceedingly
short and triangular rostrum (which is wide behind, regularly
attenuated anteriorly, and produced, or rounded, at its extreme
apex, instead of being scooped-out), its sunken eyes, greatly abbre-
viated, abruptly-clubbed antennse, conical prothorax, and even sur-
face. And it is also remarkable from its having no trace whatso-
ever of the antebasal prothoracic costa which is usually more or less
apparent in these immediate Orthocerous groups ; and its antenne
have their third and fourth joints subequal in length, with their
clava very wide and abrupt.
ANTHRIBIDA. 189
155. Trigonorhinus pardalis.
T. breviter subcylindrico-oblongus, squamis brunneo-nigris et ful-
vescenti-subcinereis densissime variegatus, sed pilis erectis om-
nino carens ; rostro brevi, triangulari, depresso ; prothorace conico,
convexo, brunneo-nigro sed obscure fulvescente marmorato ; co-
leopteris leetius maculatis, sc. (preesertim in disco) fulvescenti-sub-
cinereis, sed in interstitiis alternis punctis brunneo-nigris longi-
tudinaliter tessellatis, necnon uirinque macula majore discali
brunneo-nigra ornatis; antennis brevibus, rufo-ferrugineis, clava
(abrupta) pedibusque nigrescentibus.—Long. corp. lin. 17-23.
Trigonorhinus pardalis, Woll., loc. cit. 103 (1861).
Habitat 8. Vicente ; mihi non obvius, sed 4 DD. Gray et Clark mense
Decembri a.p. 1856 invenisse dicitur.
Two examples of this insect were communicated by the Rey. H.
Clark, amongst the few species which were taken by himself and
Mr. Gray during their day’s sojourn at 8. Vicente, in December 1856;
but as we did not meet with any traces of it during our recent (and
more careful) explorations in the same island, I cannot but feel that
additional evidence would be very desirable in order to make per-
fectly sure that no mistake arose concerning its habitat. I mention
this, not that I have any particular reason for questioning the
latter, but simply because we did not obtain it during our late
cruise, and because Mr. Clark had no recollection whatever concern-
ing its actual capture—and (I may further add) because I myself
inspected examples (which did not seem, primdé facie, to differ from
the supposed 8. Vicente ones) which he collected during the pre-
vious June in Algeria. Hence it appears to me to be just possible
that Mr. Clark may perhaps have mixed-up accidentally a few of
his Algerian specimens with those from the Cape Verdes—an ob-
servation which applies equally to two other species included in this
volume, namely the Xenogleus politus and the Isomalus hesperidum.
Still this is but conjecture on my part; and I must state distinctly
that I have no reason for doubting the professed habitat of any of
the three insects to which I have alluded, except that our more
recent investigations failed to detect them, and that they all rather
depart from the particular types of form which are more particularly
characteristic of these islands. It is quite possible, however, that,
so far as the 7’. pardalis is concerned, it may occur both in northern
Africa and the Cape Verde archipelago.
The 7. pardalis may be known by its short, cylindric-oblong out-
line, abbreviated, flattened, triangular rostrum, and obscurely dap-
pled surface. The latter is densely clothed with brownish-black
140 BRUCHID&.
and somewhat fulvo-cinereous scales—those on the prothorax being
chiefly of the former hue; whilst the elytra are principally of a dull
yellowish-cinereous tinge, but tessellated with darker rounded spots
which are placed longitudinally down the alternate interstices ; and
there is also a rather larger patch on the inner disk of each elytron.
Its antenne are short, slender, and rufo-ferruginous, with an abrupt
darker club.
Fam. 36. BRUCHIDA.
Genus 108. BRUCHUS.
Geoffroy, Ins. des Env. de Paris, i. 163 (1762).
§ I. Oculi modici, profunde emarginati, in fronte parwn distantes.
Femora postica versus apicem internum spinis duabus elongatis acu-
-tis armata ; tibie postice late, ad apicem calecari elongato robusto
instruct.
156. Bruchus calcaratus, n. sp.
B. niger sed squamis albidis, fulvo-cinereis nigrisque lete pictus ;
capite in medio argute carinato ; prothorace (subter squamis fulvo-
cinereis densissime et minute punctulato-rugulosis) conico, basi
trisinuato (in lobo medio densius fulvo-cinereo) ; scutello albido ;
elytris subquadratis, fulvo-cinereis sed singulis fascia magna media
intus abbreviaté, necnon ad apicem et humerum obscurius nigro-
ornatis, in interstitio tertio (parte basali concolori, punctulisque
duobus nigris, exceptis) necnon in fascia postmedia (inter maculas
nigras sita) albido irroratis, argute et profunde crenato-striatis ;
pygidio fulvo-cinereo, immaculato ; antennis robustis, serratis, ni-
grescentibus, basi pedibusque anterioribus fusco-testaceis, posticis
nigris.—Long. corp. lin. 13.
Habitat 8. Vicente ; in domo Milleriana ad Portum Grandem a Rey®
R. T. Lowe semel captus.
The single example from which the above diagnosis has been
compiled was taken by the Rey. R. T. Lowe, in 8. Vicente—in Mr.
Miller’s house at Porto Grande; so that I cannot feel quite sure
that it may not be the exponent of a species which has become
naturalized in the island. At first sight it has somewhat the colo-
ration and aspect of the European B. marginellus, though in reality
it belongs to a totally different section of the genus,—having the
eyes larger, the elytra (which are fulvo-cinereous, but brightly ma-
culated with black, and interspersed with a few snowy-white scales)
squarer, the hind femora armed beneath with two acute spines, and
the hind tibie broader and furnished with a very much more elon-
BRUCHID&. 141
gate and robust spur. Its limbs too are altogether more developed,
and (instead of all being black) the posterior legs and the apical por-
tion of the antenne are alone nigrescent—the base of the latter, and
the four front legs, being of a brownish-testaceous hue.
§ II. Oculi maximi, minus profunde emarginati, valde prominentes,
antice in fronte approximati. Femora subintegra (postica versus
apicem internum denticulo minutissimo, obsoleto, subanguliformi, vie
observando, solum armata) ; tibie posticee ad apicem caleart minuto
instructe.
157. Bruchus amplicornis, n. sp.
B. niger sed in elytris abdomineque rufo-ferrugineus, ubique fulvo-
cinereo squamosus ; capite in medio argute carinato ; prothorace
(subter squamis densissime et minutissime subpunctulato-rugu-
loso) conico, basi trisinuato (in lobo medio vix densius fulvo-cine-
reo); elytris angustulis, elongato-subquadratis, circa scutellum
(nigrum) necnon ad humeros suffuse nigrescentibus, leviter et
tenuiter suberenulato-striatis ; antennis valde robustis ac profunde
serratis, fuscescentibus, basi pedibusque rufo-testaceis, tarsorum
art? ult™? (interdum 3° 4"°que) nigrescente,
Mas paulo major, antennis pedibusque longioribus (illis valde
elongatis et grosse serratis), tarsis multo longioribus.
Fem. sensim minor, elytris brevioribus, antennis (pallidioribus ?)
pedibusque (prasertim tarsis) brevioribus.—Long. corp. lin. 13-13.
Habitat Fogo ; in intermediis rarissimus.
Two male examples of this beautiful Bruchus were taken by my-
self in the intermediate districts of Fogo, by brushing the dry vege-
tation between the Monte Nucho and Pico Pires; and a female,
which I have no hesitation in referring to the same species, was
obtained by the Rev. R. T. Lowe amongst some plants which he
had collected in the latter locality. Mr. Lowe’s specimen was
found within the semi-dried fruit of a shrub which is regarded by
the inhabitants as a kind of plum, but which in reality does not
belong to eyen the same natural family—being, most probably, a
Diosporus. Its greatly developed eyes and antennee (the former of
which are anteriorly subapproximate on the forehead, whilst the
latter in the male sex are extremely elongate and coarsely serrated),
combined with its almost simple posterior femora, will readily dis-
tinguish it. Although its entire surface is uniformly clothed with
fulvo-cinereous pubescence (giving it a somewhat hoary appearance),
the colour nevertheless (beneath the scales) of its head, prothorax,
and scuteilum is black, whilst that of its elytra, abdomen, and legs
14.2 CRIOCERIDA.
is a more or less clear rufo-ferruginous. Its elytra, however, are a
little darkened in the scutellary region and at the shoulders ; and its
feet have their apical joint conspicuously (and the third and fourth
ones slightly) blackened.
Fam. 37. CRIOCERIDA.
Genus 109. LEMA*.
Fabricius, Ent. Syst. v., Suppl. 90 (1798).
158. Lema Milleriana, n. sp.
L. nitidissima, rufo-testacea, in elytris viridi- cyanea sed rufo-testaceo
picta; capite ineequali, postice seepius nigrescente et ibidem in
medio profunde foveolato, oculis magnis, prominentibus ; protho-
race antice angulatim latiore, longe ante basin transversim valde
constricto (quare ad latera pone medium quasi profunde excavato),
fere impunctato, in maculis tribus ad marginem anticum sitis (in-
terdum inter se suffusis), necnon in altera basali ad angulum pos-
ticum utrinque posita, nigro; scutello parvo, postice truncato,
rufo-testaceo; elytris (prothorace multo latioribus) parallelis,
viridi-cyaneis, sed ad apicem necnon in fascia transversd media
rufo-testaceis, grosse substriato-punctatis, ante medium in disco
utrinque malleato-inzequalibus; antennis pedibusque elongatis,
testaceis, illis versus apicem interdum obscurioribus, tarsis ad
apicem ipsissimum nigrescentibus.
a. Elytrorum fascia media transversa integra, i. e. usque ad margi-
nem lateralem utrinque ducta. [Ins. S. Jago. |
6. Elytrorum fascia media transversa extus utrinque plus minus
abbreviata (longe ante marginem lateralem terminata). [Ins. S.
Vicente. |—Long. corp. lin. 23-23.
Habitat 8. Vicente, et 8. Iago ; in intermediis editioribusque raris-
sima.
Species ornatissima, pulchritudine superbiens, et in honorem
T. Milleri, Amigeri, in Hesperidis consulis Britannici citata.
The excessive beauty of this elegant Zema—which has the head
and prothorax rufo-testaceous (the former however being blackened
posteriorly, and the latter also in three more or less confluent ante-
rior patches, as well as in a lateral one on either side at the base),
whilst the elytra are of a bright greenish-blue, with the apical por-
* Tn their basally-connate claws, and posteriorly-constricted prothoraces, the
two species described above belong to Lema, rather than to Crzoceris; and the
shape of their scutella (which are minute, and somewhat truncated at the apex,
instead of being rounded or produced) is likewise more in accordance with the
members of the former group, than with those of the latter.
CRIOCERID. 143
tion and a central transverse fascia rufo-testaceous—will readily
distinguish it. Its entire surface is very highly polished; its pro-
thorax (which isimpunctate) is comparatively wide in front, where
it is anguliform on either side, but greatly constricted at a consider-
able distance from the base—a structure which causes the lateral
edges to appear deeply scooped-out a little behind the middle ; and
its legs are testaceous.
The LZ. Milleriana is apparently extremely scarce, occurring at
intermediate and lofty altitudes: With the exception of a single
example, which has lately been communicated from 8. Vicente by
Mr. Miller (after whom I have named the species), the few spe-
cimens which I have seen were taken by myself—partly by shaking
some heaps of dead vegetable refuse (composed mainly of the stalks
of Indian corn) on the summit of Monte Verde in 8. Vicente, and
partly at San Domingos in the interior of 8. Iago. The examples
from the latter locality were all captured, in company with the
Aspidomorpha cincta, beneath the dry loosened bark of a large native
Ficus (either identical with or allied to the F’. sycamorus) ; but as I
found them during January, it is probable that they were merely
hybernating, and are not necessarily connected with that particular
kind of tree. In the 8. lago individuals the medial fascia is con-
tinued quite across both elytra, so as to reach the outer margin of
each ; whereas in those from 8. Vicente it is much abbreviated (ex-
ternally) on either side; but there is no other difference, that I can
detect, between them.
159. Lema Clarkiana, n. sp.
L, nitida, infra nigra, supra luride flavo-testacea ; capite ineequali,
picescente, oculis vix permagnis sed valde prominentibus et sub-
conicis ; prothorace angusto, antice (vix subangulatim) rotundato,
ante basin transversim constricto (quare ad latera pone medium
~ quasi excavato), nitidissimo sed punctis perpaucis (sat magnis sed
levibus) presertim in disco et versus latera irrorato; scutello
parvo, postice truncato et subcanaliculato, nigrescente ; elytris
(prothorace muito latioribus) parallelis, per suturam nigro-
picescentibus necnon pone scutellum sepius obsoletissime ob-
scuratis, grosse substriato-punctatis ; antennis nigrescentibus, ad
basin piceo-ferrugineis ; pedibus testaceis, tarsis ad apicem nigres-
centibus.—Long. corp. lin. circa 2.
Hatitat 8. Vicente ; inter quisquilias aridas una cum specie prace-
dente parce deprehensa.
The remarkable prima fucie resemblance which this Lema bears
] 44 CRIOCERID&.
to the Crioceris lwridotestacea will shortly be alluded to,—the lurid,
yellowish-testaceous colour of the two insects, combined with their
more or less darkened antenne, head, and suture, causing them at first
sight to appear almost similar. Yet I believe, nevertheless, that in
reality they do not belong to even the same genus—the minuter
and posteriorly truncated scutellum of the present species, added to
its slenderer limbs, differently-shaped prothorax, and basally-soldered
claws, showing 7, at all events, to be a true and genuine Lema.
Apart from these characters, however, a careful inspection will
prove that, in other respects hkewise, it is abundantly distinet,—
being not only a little smaller and more shining than the Crioceris
luridotestacea, with its head more glabrous and, together with the
subconical eyes (which are extremely prominent), less developed, but
with its prothorax (which is altogether narrower) more rounded an-
teriorly, though with the evtreme front angles more thickened, and
with its elytra immaculate—the suture only being darkened.
I obtained a few examples of the LZ. Clarkiana on the top of
Monte Verde, in 8. Vicente, by shaking the dry vegetable refuse out
of which I obtained the preceding species and the Crioceris lurido-
testacea; and a single one was met with by Mr. Gray, in the same
locality, by beating the herbage about semicultivated spots. I am
glad to dedicate it to the memory of my late friend the Rey. Hamlet
Clark, whose researches have thrown so much light on the Phyto-
phagous group of the Coleoptera.
Genus 110. CRIOCERIS.
Geoffroy, Ins. des Env. de Paris, i. 237 (1762).
160. Crioceris luridotestacea, n. sp.
C. subnitida, infra nigra, supra luride flavo-testacea sed in elytris
parce nigro picta; capite lato, ineequali, parce fulvo pubescente,
postice nigrescente et in medio frontis argute canaliculato, oculis
magnis et valde prominentibus; prothorace breviter subcylin-
drico, ad latera paululum rotundato et mox ante basin transver-
sim constricto, subopaco, levissime et obsolete subpunctato-rugu-
loso, concolori ; scutello majusculo, postice subrotundato, nigres-
cente; elytris (prothorace multo latioribus) parallelis, per suturam
(sed vix ad apicem), necnon in maculis duabus parvis (se. ad
humerum et in medio ante apicem sitis) nigro ornatis, grosse
substriato-punctatis ; antennis pedibusque crassis, illis nigres-
centibus, his testaceis, tarsis latiusculis, ad apicem nigrescentibus.
—Long. corp. lin. 23.
Habitat S. Vicente ; cum speciebus Leme precedentibus semel lecta.
GALLERUCID#. 145
The single example described above was captured by myself, at a
high elevation, in 8. Vicente—by shaking the weeds and stalks
which had been cleared off from cultivated spots, and accumulated
into heaps, on the summit of Monte Verde; and a second has lately
been communicated from the same locality by the English Consul,
Mr. Miller. I feel almost sure that its claws are not soldered
together at their base; but, apart from this, its other external
features—including its thickened limbs, its more cylindrical pro-
thorax, and its rather larger and posteriorly more rounded scutel-
lum—are so much more in accordance with Crioceris than with
Lema that I have but little hesitation in referring it to the former
of those groups.
In general colouring and aspect the C. luridotestacea has a curious
resemblance, at first sight, to the Lema Clarkiana ; but, in addition
to the structural features above alluded to, it may be known from
the latter by being a little larger and broader, by its head being
wider and more sericeous, with the eyes less conical and consider-
ably more developed, by its (rufo-testaceous) prothorax being less
polished, and by its (lurid-yellow) elytra being not only more regularly
darkened along the suture, but having likewise a small patch at
either shoulder, as well as a subapical one in the centre of each
elytron, black.
Fam. 38. GALLERUCID.
Genus 111. CALOMICRUS.
Stephens, ZU. Brit. Ent. iv. 295 (1851),
161. Calomicrus teniatus, n. sp.
©. nitidus ; capite nigrescente, in fronte binodoso (nodis scapos an-
tennales simulantibus) et inter nodos profunde foveolato-sulcato ;
oculis magnis ; prothorace rufo-testaceo sed in disco antico szpius
paulo obscurato, parce punctulato, subquadrato, angulis anticis
incrassatis, posticis obtusis sed paululum incrassatis, basi leviter
rotundato; coleopteris (prothorace multo latioribus) testaceis, sed
in limbo lineaque lataé magna longitudinali discali utrinque nigro
ornatis, paulo profundius subrugulose punctatis, apice singulatim
rotundatis et pygidio nigrescente brevioribus; antennis pedibusque
elongatis, gracilibus, illarum art's 1°, 2°, 3° necnon 9° et 10° plus
minus piceo-testaceis, 4°, 5°, 6°, 7°, 8° et 11° nigrescentibus, his
testaceis, femoribus ad apicem, tibiis ad basin, tarsisque plus
minus infuscatis.
Subtus (capite, limbo, et apice, obscurioribus, exceptis) testaceus,
abdomine pubescente.—Long. corp. lin. 13-2}.
Habitat 8. Vicente, S. Iago, et Brava; inter qnisquilias aridas in
g quisq
E
146 HALTICIDA.
herbidis, necnon etiam sub cortice laxo, tempore hyemali, pree-
cipue in editioribus captus.
This beautifully-striped Calomicrus is widely spread over the
Group, occurring at intermediate and lofty elevations. It was taken
in tolerable abundance by myself and Mr. Gray, on the top of
Monte Verde, in 8. Vicente (in which island it was also captured by
Mr. Miller)—by shaking the heaps of dry vegetable refuse, com-
posed of the stalks of Indian Corn and other plants, which had been
cleared off from cultivated spots; and I subsequently met with it at
San Domingos and S‘ Catharina in the interior of S. Iago, as well
as near the Povoacio in Brava. We may expect it, therefore, to be
almost universal throughout the archipelago. It may be readily
known by its testaceous hue—the head however being darkened,
and the elytra having their margin, and a broad longitudinal band
down the disk of each, black. The limbs are elongate and slender ;
and the antennz are remarkable from having their first three joints
and the ninth and tenth more or less piceo-testaceous, whilst the
remainder (which include the ultimate one) are darkened.
Fam. 39. HALTICIDA.
Genus 112. HALTICA.
Geoffroy, Ins. des Env. de Paris, i, 244 { script. Altica} (1762).
(Subgenus Phyllotreta, Chev.)
SL. Antennarumart. 3 secundi circa longitudine (aut viv sublongior).
Scutellum minutum. . Elytra ad humeros subrotundata.
162. Haltica Dohrniana, n. sp.
H. eenea, vix subvirescente tincta, nitida; capite coriaceo (sed vix
punctato) ; prothorace (subtilissime transversim striguloso) ely-
trisque densissime et distincte punctulatis, illo ad latera distincte,
ad basin tenuissime marginato, angulis anticis paululum incrassa-
tis, his pygidio paulo brevioribus; antennis elongatis, gracilibus,
fuscis, ante basin paulo magis testaceis, art° ult? suboblongo; femori-
bus picescentibus, tibiis tarsisque plus minus saturate piceo-testa
ceis.—Long. corp. lin. vix 1}.
Habitat S. Antao, et S. Vicente; in editioribus-rarior.
Obs.—H. nodicornem, FEuropream, prima facie simulans, sed
paulo minor, nitidior, minus nigro-znea (sc. evidentius subvires-
cente tincta), ac sensim subtilius punctulata, elytris minus paral-
lelis (ad humeros magis rotundatis) et subconvexioribus, antennis
HALTICID. 147
(in utroque sexu, nisi fallor, similibus) sublongioribus, multo gra-
cilioribus et pallidioribus (sc. fuscis, vel brunneis, basi dilutioribus),
necnon pedibus, presertim in tibiis tarsisque, pallidioribus.
Two examples only of this Haltica have, as yet, come beneath my
notice. One of them was taken by Dr. H. Dohrn (after whom I have
named the species) in the Ribeira de Garca, towards the north of 8.
Antao, and the other by Mr. Gray on the top of Monte Verde in 8.
Vicente. It is rather larger and. more brassy than either of the fol-
lowing species ; its forehead is subopake and coriaceous, but hardly
punctured ; its antenne are longer and paler—being brownish (ex-
cept before the base, where they are testaceous), and with their ulte-
rior joints comparatively elongate (a structure which is very evident
as regards the terminal one); and its tibiee and tarsi are dull-testa-
ceous.
The H. Dohrniana is somewhat allied to the European H. nodicor-
nis; but, unless I am much mistaken, its antenne are similar in both
sexes. Apart from this, however, it is a trifle smaller, less deeply
punctured, and more shining, than that insect ; and, instead of being
entirely of a dark-zneous hue, it has an additional (though very ob-
solete) subvirescent tinge ; its elytra are somewhat shorter, convexer,
and less parallel (being more rounded at the shoulders); and its an-
tenn are longer, as well as very much slenderer, and, together with
the tibie and feet, paler.
163. Haltica leviceps, n. sp.
H. nigro-snea et conspicue virescente tincta, nitidiuscula ; capite mi-
tido, fere impunctato ; prothorace elytrisque alutaceis, densissime
et minute punctulatis, illo postice latiusculo, ad latera distincte, ad
basin tenuissime marginato, angulis anticis paululum incrassatis ;
antennis gracilibus, nigrescentibus, fere concoloribus (ante basin
obsolete dilutioribus), art® ult? subovali ; femoribus nigrescentibus,
tibiis tarsisque paulo dilutioribus, his ad basin saturate subtestaceis.
—Long. corp. lin. vix 1.
Habitat 8. Iago ; ad plantas Sinapis nigre, nisi fallor, capta.
Three examples of this little Phyllotreta were taken by myself
(I believe off Sinapis nigra) at San Domingos, in S. Iago. Its
rather finer punctation and more evidently greenish-brassy lustre,
combined with its brighter and almost unsculptured head, will suffi-
ciently distinguish it from the other two species here enumerated.
It has much in common at first sight with the European H. melena,
but is a little more metallic and finely punctulated, with its forehead
L 2
148 HALTICID#.
brighter and unsculptured, with its prothorax a trifle longer and more
conical (or widened posteriorly), its elytra somewhat more rounded-
off at the shoulders, and with the subbasal joints of its antenne, as
well as its tibiee and feet (the last of which have their third joint
less broadly expanded), a Jitt/e more diluted in hue, or less blackened*.
SII. Antennarum art. 3 secundo subbrevior. Scutellum paulo
major, semicirculare. Elytra ad humeros rectiora.
164. Haltica subatra, n. sp.
H. atra, vix submetallico tincta, nitidiuscula ; capite coriaceo et dis-
tincte punctulato ; prothorace elytrisque dense et parum profunde
punctulatis, illo ad latera (subsequaliter rotundata) distincte, ad
basin (saltem in medio) haud marginato, sed ante basin in medio
obsolete transversim impresso, angulis anticis subito et conspicue
incrassatis, his oblongis (ad humeros paulo rectioribus, aut minus
rotundatis); antennis subgracilibus, nigrescentibus, fere concolo-
ribus (ante basin obsolete dilutioribus), art® ult? subovato ; pedibus
nigrescentibus, tarsis (presertim ad basin) paulo dilutioribus.—
Long. corp. lin. vix 1.
Habitat S. Iago; in foliis Sinapis nigre deprehensa.
Taken by myself, off plants of Sinapis nigra, at San Domingos,
in the interior of 8. Iago—in company (I believe) with the last spe-
cies. It may readily be known by its intensely black hue (which is
almost free from even the faintest trace of a submetallic lustre), more
deeply punctured surface (even the head being distinctly punctulated),
rather larger scutellum, straighter elytra (which are a little less
rounded-off, or more rectangular, at the shoulders), and by the third
joint of its antennee being, if anything, a trifle shorter than the second.
Its prothorax also (which is somewhat more equally rounded at the
sides) has the anterior angles more abruptly thickened, and is un-
margined in the centre behind—though with an obsolete transverse
impression just in front of the base.
The present Haltica may be regarded as the representative in these
islands of the common European H. atra, though I do not think that it
can be looked upon as any geographical modification of that species—
being not only smaller and altogether less deeply sculptured, but with
its prothorax (which is narrower and less developed) provided with
an obsolete transverse impression at the base, instead of with a curved
* Fror the common European H. nigripes, the leviceps differs (inter alia) in its
smaller size, slenderer limbs, highly-polished, unsculptured forehead, and less
laterally rounded prothorax.
HALTICID®. 149
one towards either hinder angle, with its elytral punctures without
any (or scarcely any) tendency to be arranged in longitudinal rows,
and with the subbasal joints of its antennz much less evidently pale.
(Subgenus Aphthona, Chev.)
165. Haltica levissima, n. sp.
H. breviter ovata, atra (obsoletissime, vix perspicue, subpiceo tincta),
nitidissima ; capite prothoraceque fere impunctatis (hdc, oculo for-
tissime armato, punctulis minutissimis irrorato), hdc ad latera (ro-
tundata) distincte, ad basin tenuissime marginato, angulis anticis
conspicue subito incrassatis; scutello majusculo, semicirculari ;
elytris obsoletissime, minute et levissime seriatim punctulatis ; an-
tennis pedibusque gracilibus, testaceis, illis versus apicem femori-
busque posticis picescentibus.—Long. corp. lin, #-vix 1.
Habitat 8. Antio, 8S. Vicente, 8. Nicoléo, 8. Iago, Fogo, et Brava ;
preesertim inter Huphorbias degens.
Obs.—Species H. euphorbiw, Europea, minor, brevior, ac multo
magis atra, elytris multo levius sculpturatis—punctulis se. minu-
tissimis, levissimis sed (oculo fortiter armato) in seriebus longitu-
dinalibus evidenter dispositis (nee confusis), necnon antennis pedi-
busque gracilioribus, pallidioribus.
A small and dark Aphthona which appears to be universal through-
out the Cape Verde group, having been obtained in all the islands
which have yet been explored. Although found on various plants,
it is more particularly attached to the Euphorbia Tuckeyana;
and we may expect, therefore, to meet with it wherever the latter
still remains. It was first captured by Mr. Gray, in February 1864,
in §. Nicoléo; and, during our late expedition, it was taken both by
him and myself, independently of altitude, in 8. Antao, S. Vicente,
S. lago, Fogo, and Brava. It seems to occupy the place in this
archipelago of the Canarian H. Paivana.
The H. levissima may be known by its small size, short, ovate
outline, almost unpunctured, highly-polished surface, and by the dark
hue of its head, prothorax, and elytra—its limbs (except the infus-
cated apex of the antennz, and the two hinder femora) being pale.
Although its colour is black, there is likewise a just appreciable
piceous, though hardly metallic, tinge ; and the punctation of its pro-
thorax is so minute as to be quite inappreciable except under a very
high magnifying-power, whilst that of even its elytra is evtremely light
and fine—though, at the same time, disposed (as will be seen, when
closely inspected) in longitudinal lines.
150 HALTICIDA.
166. Haltica signatifrons, n. sp.
H. oblongo-ovata, pallida, nitida ; capite prothoraceque fere impunc-
tatis, illo rufo-testaceo, inter oculos linea transversa arcuata (cari-
nulam simulante) notato, héc testaceo ; scutello majusculo, semi-
circulari, piceo-testaceo ; elytris saturate pallido-testaceis, minu-
tissime alutaceis ac levissime confuse punctatis ; antennis (brevius-
culis, gracilibus) pedibusque pallido-testaceis, illis versus apicem
femoribusque posticis picescentibus.—Long. corp, lin. 13.
Habitat 8. Antio, et 8. Iago; in inferioribus intermediisque, rarior.
The present Aphthona is very much larger than the preceding one,
and (instead of being black) is pallid. Its head (which is marked
with a coarse semicircular line, having at first sight more the appear-
ance of a keel, between the eyes) is reddish-testaceous, its prothorax
(which is likewise unsculptured) is testaceous, and its elytra (which
are very lightly and confusedly, though thickly, punctured) are a
shade paler still. The two hinder femora, however, are piceous ; and
the antenne are a little infuscated towards their apex. Judging
from a type now before me, it seems very close to the flaviceps, Al-
lard, from the south of France ; nevertheless the prothorax is almost,
if not entirely, impunctate (even when viewed beneath the micro-
scope), the punctures of its elytra are more dense, and its arcuated
frontal line is much coarser and more defined,
The H. signatifrons is apparently scarce, though widely spread over
the archipelago—where it occurs independently of elevation. It was
beaten off Artemisia gorgonum by Mr. Gray, in the Ribeira Fria,
in S. Antaéo ; and we likewise took it near the Villa da Praia in 8.
Iago, in the interior of which island I subsequently met with a single
specimen (in the Orgaos ravine).
Genus 113. LONGITARSUS.
Latreille, Zam. Nat. 405 [ script. Longitarse] (1825).
167. Longitarsus stenocyphon, n. sp.
ZL. elongato-oyatus, subnitidus; capite (labro nigrescente excepto)
rufo-testaceo, impunctato ; prothorace brevi, testaceo, fere impune-
tato (oculo fortissime armato, minutissime parce punctulato), pos-
tice rotundato sed angulis posticis paululum incrassatis, ad latera
in medio subangulato ; scutello piceo-testaceo; coleopteris infus-
cate pallido-testaceis, per suturam in medio, necnon in macula
media discali utrinque posita, nigrescentibus, distincte sed confuse
punctatis, profunde striatis (sed striis internis antice subeyanes-
centibus) ; antennis pedibusque elongatis, lis nigrescentibus, ar-
HALTICID®. 151
ticulis 3 basalibus pedibusque testaceis, femoribus posticis versus
apicem picescentibus.—Long. corp. lin. 14-12.
Habitat 8. Vicente ; ad plantas Echii stenocyphonis, Webb, in editiori-
bus hine inde vulgaris.
I am extremely doubtful whether this Longitarsus should be re-
garded as more than a geographical state of the Canarian L. persimilis,
with which it seems to agree in nearly everything except colour ;
whilst even as regards that, the two insects are alike in their testa-
ceous prothorax, and the black patch with which the disk of each of
their (still paler, though more or less obfuscated) elytra is marked.
In the Cape Verde species, however, the head is less darkened (as also
a trifle less roughened transversely); and the elytra not only want
the black humeral blotch which distinguishes the persimilis, but their
suture also (instead of being blackened throughout almost its entire
length) is dark from merely a little before to somewhat behind the
middle. Its two posterior femora, likewise, are less obscured.
The ZL. stenocyphon has been captured hitherto only in the higher
districts of S. Vicente, where it was met with by Mr. Gray and my-
self on the ascent (as well as on the summit) of Monte Verde. It was
only on the Echium stenocyphon, Webb, that it was to be obtained ;
so that we may expect it to occur in most places where that plant is
found. Its near Canarian ally, the LZ. persimilis, frequents, in like
manner, the Achia of that archipelago.
168. Longitarsus laxicornis, n. sp.
L. precedenti affinis, sed vix ejus varietas insularis ; differt praecipue
corpore subangustiore, colore omnino obscuriore (minus testaceo),
antennis paulo longioribus(articulis intermediis sensim magis elon-
gatis ac paululum magis linearibus), prothorace vix minus trans-
verso, densius evidentiusque punctulato necnon minute ruguloso,
elytris subconvexioribus, angustioribus, ad humeros et latera paulo
magis rotundatis, minus evidenter striatis ac multo obsoletius
maculatis (sc. per suturam necnon in nebula media discali suffusa
utrinque sita indistincte infuscatis), pygidio pallidiore, rufo-ferru-
gineo (nec piceo), sed femoribus posticis obscurioribus.—Long.
eprpaling |.
Habitat 8. Nicolio; 4 Dom. Gray semel tantum deprehensus.
Having but a single example, from which to judge, of this Longitar-
sus (which was captured by Mr. Gray, during February 1864, in 8.
Nicolao), I at first suspected that it might possibly be but an insular
variety of the last one; nevertheless a closer examination has
152 HALTICIDA.
brought so many small distinctions to light that I cannot feel sure
that it belongs to even the same exact group, of Echium-infesting
species. Not to mention its darker (or more brownish-testaceous)
hue, itis altogether narrower than the L. stenocyphon, and its elytra
are less parallel (or more attenuated both before and behind)—being
appreciably rounder both at the shoulders and sides. Moreover the
black patch with which the ZL. stenocyphon is so conspicuously
adorned on the disk of each of its elytra is here so faintly indicated
by a suffused dusky cloud that I am a little doubtful whether the
species can strictly be defined as “‘ maculated” at all—though I am
inclined to suspect that more highly coloured individuals would have
a portion of the suture, and a central dash on either side, darkened.
In other respects, its elytra are less deeply striated than is the case
in the stenocyphon ; its prothorax is less transverse, more thickly and
evidently punctulated, and minutely ruqulose ; its pygidium is rufo-
ferruginous, instead of piceous; its two posterior femora are more
infuscated ; and its antenne are a little longer—their intermediate
joints being not only somewhat more lengthened, but also (particu-
larly the subapical ones) narrower and more filiform.
Genus 114. ARGOSOMUS (nov. gen.).
Corpus fere ut in Spheroderma (i. e. hemispheericum, vel rotundato-
ovale) sed minor, capite prothoraceque angustioribus, oculis antennis-
que magis approximatis, coleopteris ad basin prothorace latioribus ae
profunde sinuatis, ad humeros obtuse rotundatis, antennis pedibus-
que gracilioribus, edlarwm articulis brevioribus, tibiis gracilibus,
linearibus, rectis, inarmatis, tars¢s gracilibus(nec ad basin dilatatis).
Ab dpyos, velox, et cwpa, corpus.
I have ventured to propose a separate genus for the insect de-
scribed below, since it certainly cannot be referred to Spheroderma
(which seems to me to be its most nearly allied form), and it recedes
still further from Argopus (with which, also, it has something in com-
mon). In its subhemispherical body, finely but sharply punctulated
surface, and rufo-castaneous hue it partially resembles Sphero-
derma; but the species before me is smaller, and perhaps a little
less convex, than the members of that group, its antenne (which
are shorter and slenderer) are more approximated at their insertion,
and its elytra are wider anteriorly—being conspicuously broader at
their base than the prothorax, a good deal sinuated, and with the
shoulders obtusely rounded (a structure which gives the insect some-
what the outline of an Hpilachna). Its legs, moreover, are much
HALTICIDA. ‘153
slenderer than those of Spharoderma—the tibie especially being
narrower, more linear, and less developed, and the tarsi (which are
a little longer) wndilated at their base.
169. Argosomus epilachnoides, n. sp.
A. rotundato-ovalis, convexus, nitidus, rufo-castaneus, antennis ad
basin pedibusque testaceis; capite impunctato; prothorace sat
minute et parce punctulato, postice latiore, ad latera marginato ac
leviter oblique rotundato, angulis anticis paululum incrassatis,
postice in medio obsolete longitudinaliter foveolato ; scutello dis-
tincto, subtriangulari; coleopteris prothorace latioribus, basi sinua-
tis, ad humeros obtuse rotundatis, ad latera rotundata distincte
marginatis, evidentius sed parce punctulatis (punctulis inter se
subconfusis, aut obsoletissime subseriatim dispositis), intra hume-
ros subcalloso-ineequalibus ; antennis breviusculis, versus apicem
nigrescentibus, basi pedibusque saturate testaceis.—Long. corp.
lim. vix 12.
Habitat Brava; in intermediis (juxta oppidulum Povoacao) semel
captus.
Apart from the structural features above alluded to, the rounded-
oval outline, convex body, reddish-chestnut hue, and shining, rather
distantly (but sharply) punctulated surface of this insect, which has
the apical half of its antenne almost black, while the basal portion
and the legs are testaceous (with here and there a slightly obscurer,
or picescent, tinge), will sufficiently distinguish it. My single
example I took, at a tolerably high elevation, in Bravya—amongst
dry vegetable detritus, in a Banana-ground, at the foot of the more
or less perpendicular mountains close to the Povoacio.
170. Argosomus obscuripennis, n. sp.
A, preecedenti similis, sed paulo major, etiam subconvexior et omnino
obscurior (sc. in capite prothoraceque rufo-piceus sed in elytris
fere niger), nitidissimus, prothorace sublatiore, in medio integro
(nee postice longitudinaliter foveolato), sed (an semper?) fovea
rotundataé media inter discum et latera utrinque impresso, elytro-
rum punctis subremotioribus ac paululum evidentius subseriatim
dispositis.—Long. corp. lin. 13.
Habitat 8. Antao; acl. H. Dohrn, M.D., semel repertus.
As in the case of the last species, I have but a solitary example of
this Argosomus from which to form an opinion ; nevertheless I think
it possesses too many peculiarities of its own to warrant the suspi-
cion that it is any mere insular state of the former. Thus ( judging
from this single individual) the A. obscuripennis would seem to be
156 COCCINELLID&.
basi fere ad suturam, mox pone apicem, ducta) paulo latiore, ni-
gro ornatis; antennis brevissimis, testaceo-piceis ; pedibus testa-
cels.
Variat elytris ad basin ipsam (juxta scutellum) obscure albido tinc-
tis, in limbo concoloribus (nec angustissime nigris), et linea arcuata
discali usque ad suturam ipsam (mox pone apicem) ducta.—Long.
corp. lin. 2-23.
Cheilomenes vicina, Dej., Cat. 459 (1837).
circumflexa, (Klug) Id., ibid. (1837).
Cydonia vicina, Muls., Sécurip. 440 (1851).
Habitat 8. Antao, et 8. Vicente ; in intermediis editioribusque, hine
inde sat vulgaris, preesertim floribus foliisque Cassie bicapsularis
gaudens.
Judging from the published description, I have no doubt whatever
that this beautifully-striped Cydonia is the C. vicina of Mulsant’s
monograph—a species which is recorded from Egypt, Nubia, Senegal,
and Guinea, and which would appear therefore to have much the
same geographical range as the Hwochromus nigripennis, described
below. It is not uncommon in the intermediate and rather lofty
districts of S. Antaéo and 8. Vicente, but it has not yet been observed
elsewhere throughout the archipelago. In the former of those islands
it was taken by Mr. Gray and myself in the Ribeira Fria, and towards
the head of the Ribeira das Patas ; and in the latter at Madeiralzinho,
and on the summit of Monte Verde. It was found more especially
by Mr. Gray; and although he brushed it off various plants (such
as the Artemisia gorgonum &c.), it was the shrubs of the Cassia
bicapsularis that he obtained the greater number. From 8. Vicente
it has, also, been communicated by Mr. Miller and the Bardo do
Castello de Paiva.
There is little fear of confounding the C. vicina with anything else
enumerated in this volume,—its whitish-yellow head and prothorax
(the latter of which is ornamented with a large, broad, and somewhat
obtriangular black patch immediately behind its anterior excavation,
connected by a short peduncle with a wide band which covers the
entire base), its dark scutellum, and its orange-coloured, rounded
elytra (which have their suture, an arcuate stripe down the middle
of each, parallel to the outer margin, and usually also the extreme
outer edge itself, black) being more than enough to distinguish it.
Genus 117. EXOCHROMUS.
tedtenbacher, Tenrtam. 11 (1844).
COCCINELLID®. 157
173. Exochromus nigripennis.
E. subhemispheericus, nitidus, (nisi oculo fortissime armato) quasi
impunctatus ; capite prothoraceque lete sanguineo-testaceis ; scu-
tello et coleopteris (basi emarginatis et ibidem prothorace latiori-
bus) nigris; epistomate antice leviter emarginato, utrinque in genas
rotundatas facile mergente ; antennis pedibusque rufo-testaceis.—
Long. corp. lin. 13—-vix 2.
Coccinella melanoptera, Heyden, in litt.
Chilocorus nigripennis, Erich., in Wiegm. Archiv, ix. 267 (1843).
Exochromus nigripennis, Muls., Séewrip. 481 (1851).
Habitat 8. lago, et Fogo; in apricis inferioribus intermediisque, ad
plantas, rarissimus.
The bright, immaculate, reddish-testaceous head and prothorax,
and totally black elytra, of this beautiful Hvochromus, combined with
its rounded outline and almost unpunctulated surface, will abundantly
distinguish it. It is apparently extremely scarce—occurring, on
various plants, in sunny spots of low and intermediate altitudes. It
was beaten by Mr. Gray off the blossoms of Callotrupis procera
near the Villa da Praia in 8. Lago, and by myself (from amongst the
herbage) at the Monte Nucho in Fogo. It is probable however that
at a different season of the year it would be more general throughout
the Group, inasmuch as it seems to be a species of a wide African
range—haying been recorded in Egypt, Nubia, and Senegal. Indeed
I myself possess an Egyptian example, taken by the late Mr. Melly*.
Genus 118. COCCINELLA.
Linneeus, Syst. Nat. edit. i. [ seript. Cocetonella] (1735).
174. Coccinella 7-punctata.
Coccinella 7-punctata, Linn., Fna Suec. 477 (1761).
, Woll., Ins. Mad. 462 (1854).
—— ——,, Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 136 (1857).
—- ——,, Id., Cat. Can. Col, 422 (1864).
—— ——, ld., Col. Atl. 378 (1865).
Habitat 8. Antao, §. Vicente, Fogo, et Brava; passim.
* The E. nigripennis was first described by Erichson in his Paper on (sup-
posed) “ Angolan” Coleoptera ; and it is consequently recorded by Mulsant as
occurring in Angola. But since a large number of the species enumerated in
Erichson’s memoir were in reality from the Cape Verdes (the collector, sent
from Berlin, having touched at those islands on his outward route, whilst his
material from the two regions was afterwards mixed up indiscriminately), and
since the insect appears to range across the African continent at a higher lati-
tude than Angola, I think that further evidence should be required ere we admit
for it a habitat so far to the south.
158 COCCINELLID&.
The common C. 7-punctata, which possesses such a wide geogra-
phical range, and which is universal in the Madeiran and Canarian
Groups, will probably be found to be equally universal in the Cape
Verde archipelago. Hitherto however it has been noticed in only
four of the islands—having been obtained by Mr. Gray and myself
in 8. Antaéo and 8. Vicente, by myself in the lower districts of Fogo,
and by Mr. Gray in Brava. It is not generally very abundant ; but
we saw more indications of it in 8. Vicente than elsewhere, it being
in comparative profusion on the summit of Monte Verde; and it has
also been communicated from thence by the English Consul, Mr.
Miller. It seems quite independent of elevation ; for in 8. Vicente
I observed the remains of it in arid spots near the sea, and in Fogo
beneath the succulent plants of Zygophyllum which trail over the hot
sandy slopes at the base of the basaltic cliffs close to the Porto da Luz.
A single specimen was captured by the Rev. R. T. Lowe at a very
lofty altitude in Fogo (namely on the elevated scoriaceous region,
known as the Chao da Relva, adjoining the volcanic cone) which isa
little smaller and narrower than the ordinary type, and has its elytral
punctules still less distinct (indeed almost obsolete) ; but I cannot
detect any character about it of sufficient importance to lead me to
suppose that it represents more than a slight variety, or state, pecu-
liar to those upland tracts.
175. Coccinella artemisiz, n. sp.
C. ovalis, albido-flava (aut straminea) ; capite prothoraceque nitidis-
simis, subdiaphanis, (nisi oculo fortissime armato) fere impuncta-
tis, hoc brevi, ad latera subeequaliter rotundato, recurvo-explanato
et (una cum margine antico) pellucido, utrinque malleato-inzequali,
in disco postico obsolete fulvescente (interdum fere trinebuloso) ;
scutello minutissimo ; coleopteris prothorace latioribus, paulo minus
nitidis, et multo evidentius sat profunde punctulatis, per suturam
obsolete fulvescentibus, et utrinque in maculis 8 parvis (sc. 2 mox
pone basin, 3 in medio, 2 longe pone medium, et 1 ante apicem,
sitis) nigro ornatis ; antennis pedibusque flavo-testaceis.
Variat maculis plus minus incrassatis, necnon elytris singulis pone
medium interdum tribus (nee duabus solum) ornatis.—Long. corp.
lin. 13-18.
Habitat 8. Antao, 8. Iago, Fogo, et Brava; preecipue ad arbusculas
Artemisie gorgonum, Webb.
The pale, whitish-yellow (or straw-coloured) hue of this small,
oval Coccinella, added to the eight subequal black spots with which
each of its elytra is adorned, its extremely glossy, subdiaphanous,
almost unsculptured head and prothorax, and its rather strongly
COCCINELLID®. 159
punctured elytra, will at once distinguish it. Its prothorax (which
is very appreciably narrower than the elytra) is semitransparent, or
subpellucid, along its extreme lateral and anterior margins—parti-
cularly the former, which are likewise a good deal recurved. It is
widely spread over the archipelago, where it occurs independently of
elevation—being more especially attached to the shrubs of the Arte-
misia gorgonum, which characterize certain districts in several of the
islands.
The C. artemisie was first detected by Mr. Gray (during March
186+) in the north of 8S. Antao, in which island we both of us met
with it (during the following January)—in the Ribeira Fria, the
Ribeira da Babosa, and towards the head of the Ribeira das Patas.
Subsequently we brushed it off the Artemisia-bushes, at the Monte
Nucho, in Fogo ; and it was taken by Mr. Gray close to the Villa da
Praia in 8. Iago, as well as near the Poyoacao in Brava.
Genus 119. SCYMNUS.
Kugelann, in Schneid. Mag. 515 (1794),
§ I. Corpus majusculum ; prothorace distinete punctato, basi in medio
stnuato ; scutello triangulari-scutiformi.
176. Scymnus carbonarius, n. sp.
S. breviter ovalis, niger, cinereo pubescens, sat profunde (praesertim
in elytris) punctatus; prothoracis parte media antescutellari vix
producta ; antennis pedibusque in toto rufo-testaceis : subtus, pree-
sertim in metasterno convexo, profunde punctatus.—Long. corp.
jim. 13.
Habitat 8. Vicente ; & Dom. Gray semel tantum lectus.
A single example of this Scymnus (which may at once be known
from the other species here enumerated by its totally black body and
rufo-testaceous limbs) was captured by Mr. Gray, during our late so-
journ at 8. Vicente. In its dark colour, rather large size, and deeply
punctured surface it bears a strong primd facie resemblance to the
European S. ater; nevertheless it is a little wider and more
rounded in outline than that insect, and its legs (instead of having
only the tarsi pale) are entirely rufo-testaceous—including even the
coxee and trochanters. The basal line, also, of its prothorax is, if
anything, a trifle closer to the actual edge ; and the central portion
behind it, in front of the scutellum, is just perceptibly less sinuated
or produced. In its totally pale legs, but otherwise black hue, it
160 COCCINELLID#.
agrees (I imagine) with the femule examples of the Kuropean S.
pygmeus ; but it appears to be larger than the latter, and I have no
evidence that its opposite sex would possess the pale head and protho-
rax which (according to the published diagnosis) distinguish that
species.
177. Scymuus pallidulus, n. sp.
S. ovalis, plus minus pallide rufo-ferrugineus, cinereo pubescens, le-
vius (presertim in prothorace) punctatus; antennis pedibusque
concoloribus: subtus picescentior et, presertim in metasterno
(concayo, transversim subrugoso), profunde punctatus.— Long.
corp. lin. 13-1}.
Habitat 8. Antao, et 8. Vicente; in intermediis editioribusque hine
inde vulgaris.
A Seymnus which has been observed onlyin the two northern islands
of the archipelago, 8. Antao and 8S. Vicente—where, however, it ap-
pears to be rather common at intermediate and lofty elevations. It
was taken in both of those islands by Mr. Gray and myself; whilst
in the former of them it was met with likewise by Dr. H. Dohrn, and
in the latter by Mr. Miller. It may easily be known by its concolo-
rous, rufo-ferruginous hue—it being altogether free from markings,
though occasionally a /ittle infuscated in various parts. It is a trifle
more oblong, or less rounded, than the preceding species; and its
punctation is very much shallower, or more superficial. Judging
from 44 examples which I have overhauled, it would seem to have
no tendency to become maculated.
178. Scymnus nigropictus, n. sp.
S. breviter ovalis, cinereo pubescens, distincte punctatus (punctis sat
magnis sed, preesertim in prothorace, levibus, circularibus) ; capite
in maribus testaceo, in foeminis subnigro ; prothorace subnigro, ad
latera in maribus late et clare, sed in foeminis angustius et obscu-
rius testaceo ; elytris rufo-ferrugineis aut testaceo-rufis, ad basin
(precipue in regione scutellari), per suturam (usque paulo ultra
medium), ad marginem lateralem (preesertim in medio), neenon in
macula discali (extus in marginem subsuffusa), plus minus nigres-
centioribus; antennis pedibusque testaceis.— Long. corp. lin. 13-14.
Habitat 8. Iago; ad flores foliaque plantarum in apricis inferioribus
deprehensus.
Taken by myself and Mr. Gray, on various plants and shrubs (espe-
cially the Callotrupis procera), at a low elevation in 8. Iago—in the
Palm-grove which adjoins theeastern outskirts of the Villada Praia, It
COCCINELLID®. 161
is quite as large as (if anything, perhaps, a trifle larger than) either
of the preceding species; and it is more variegated with black and
reddish-testaceous markings than any of the Scymni with which we
have here to do; for its elytra not only have their entire basal por-
tion and about two-thirds of their suture, but likewise the central part
(or, sometimes, more) of their lateral margin, and a patch subcon-
nected with it on either disk, more or less darkened and suffused.
Its head and prothorax vary according to the sex—the former being
testaceous in the males, but nearly black in the females ; whilst the
latter may be described as blackish in both sexes, but with the sides
more broadly (and brightly) testaceous in the males than in the fe-
males. Its punctation, also, is somewhat peculiar ; for, when viewed
beneath the microscope, the punctures (especially on the prothorax),
although not deep, will be seen to be rather large, superficial, and
very circular—the minute points out of which the hairs arise forming
often a kind of centre for each separate circle. In the nine examples
now before me, its specific characters seem to be tolerably constant.
In its general outline, and markings, the S. nigropictus has so much
in common with the normal (or highly-ornamented) examples of the
S. canariensis that we might almost suppose it to be a permanent geo-
graphical modification of that species, though, when closely inspected,
it will be seen to possess many distinctive features of itsown. Thus,
apart from the slightly different type of its punctation (which is rea-
dily appreciable when the two insects are placed under the microscope),
its dark parts are less black, and less rigidly defined, than is the case
in the canariensis, and the paler ones are rather more suffused; and
its elytra have a deeper (and less triangular) portion at their base
darkened, and their discal patch somewhat shaded-off externally into
the blackish cloud along the middle of the outer margin—which last
does not appear to be curved inwards posteriorly (so as to form an
arcuate line which joins the suture just behind the extreme apex).
The sides, also, of its male prothorax are much more broadly testa-
ceous.
179. Scymnus posticus, n. sp.
S. precedenti similis, sed paulo minor et vix rotundatior, punctis
omnibus sensim minoribus ; capite ut in illo (sc. masculo pallido,
foemineo obscuriore) et prothorace nigro, ad latera latissime in
maribus, angustius in foeminis, testaceo; elytris letius rufo-tes-
taceis (vel testaceo-rufis), in disco immaculatis, per suturam
(sublate circa scutellum, sed haud in parte tota basali), necnon
in regione postica subarcuata (interdum fere semicireulari) sub-
M
162 COCCINELLID&.
apicali, plus minus nigrescentibus ; antennis pedibusque saturate
testaceis.
Variat elytris fere immaculatis (sc. per suturam et postice subconco-
loribus).—Long. corp. lin, 1}—vix 1}.
Habitat S. Antaio, et Brava; hinc inde minus frequens.
It is only in 8. Antao and Brava that this Scymnus has hitherto
been found—in the former of which islands it was met with by Dr.
H. Dohrn, Mr. Gray, and myself, and by myself in the latter of them.
It appears to be a little smaller than the nigropictus, and, if anything,
a trifle rounder ; and its punctures, although on the same superficial
type, will be seen (when viewed beneath the microscope) to be less
developed. It is by its elytral markings, however, that it may be
most easily recognized,—merely the suture (instead of the whole an-
terior region), and a large arcuated cloud behind the extreme apex
(which is itself pale), being darkened. The sutural stripe, although
sometimes a good deal expanded in front (so as to shape out a trian-
gular scutellary blotch), is never so much so as to reach the shoulders
and therefore, @ fortior?, to cover a deep transverse portion at the
base ; the disk of each elytron is immaculate ; and the pale parts are
of a redder and clearer hue. I have inspected but 12 examples of it
hitherto ; and I may add that it is perhaps nearer, in reality, to the
S. floricola—from which it mainly differs in the large, subarcuate
(or somewhat semicircular) cloudy dash which almost covers the hin-
der region of its elytra.
180. Scymunus floricola, n. sp.
S. precedente paululum oblongior; capite prothoraceque ut in illo,
sed prothorace vix subtilius punctulato neenon postice in medio
vix minus sinuato ; elytris fere ut in illo, sed postice (ante apicem)
concoloribus (nec nigrescentibus), per suturam a basi usque ad ultra
medium (plus minus latius circa scutellum), necnon interdum an-
guste in medio marginis lateralis, nigris vel nigrescentibus; an-
tennis pedibusque saturate testaceis.
Variat elytris fere immaculatis, et (rarissime) prothorace toto pallido.
—Long. corp. lin. 1-1}.
Habitat 8. Iago, Fogo, et Brava ; inter plantas ab ord maritima usque
ad locos editiores ascendens.
This is the universal Scymnus in the southern division of the ar-
chipelago, having been taken abundantly, by Mr. Gray and myself,
in 8. Iago, Fogo, and Brava
and occurring at all elevations, though
principally at intermediate ones. After inspecting 109 examples of
it, it seems to be rather variable in size, but tolerably constant in
COCCINELLID®. 168
markings ; and although (as regards the latter) it bears a sort of
analogy to some of the states of the Protean S. canariensis (as the
nigropictus does to the highly-ornamented specimens of that insect),
I nevertheless think that it can scarcely be regarded as any modifi-
cation of either of the two preceding species—unless indeed (which it
is scarcely possible to assume) the whole of these immediate Atlantic
forms be but permanent phases of a single plastic type*. It descends
to a smaller size than either of them, though the largest examples are
quite as large as those of the S: posticus ; and it is also a trifle more
oblong, or less rounded. But, apart from this, the chief point which
distinguishes it is that it seems to be perfectly free from any trace of
the arcuate subapical cloud which is always more or less conspicuous
on the elytra of the posticus ; and its prothorax is perhaps somewhat
more finely punctured, and less sinuated in the centre of its base.
The black sutural band is usually expanded in front (so as to form a
triangular scutellary blotch), and there are generally traces of a small
darkened portion about the middle of the lateral margin; neverthe-
less in occasional examples the elytra are nearly immaculate.
T cannot see that the present Scymnus differs specifically from an
example in my possession which was taken by the late Mr. Melly in
Egypt; so that, if the two be really identical, the S. floricola will
probably possess a wide African range, and may perhaps be already
characterized. Nevertheless I should add that I cannot identify it
satisfactorily with any of the species in Mulsant’s monograph.
§ IL. Corpus minusculum; oculis maximis ; prothorace subtilius pune-
tato, bast rectius truncato; scutello triangulari.
181. Scymnus fractus, n. sp.
S. ovalis, niger (aut subpiceo-niger), nitidissimus, grosse, longe et
* suberecte cinereo pubescens; prothorace subconcolori (aut adlatera
vix dilutiore), minutissime et parce punctulato; elytris distinctius
ineequaliter punctatis, singulis ad apicem, in macula subluniformi
(in disco postico sit), in alteré ovali longitudinali (intra discum po-
sita), et in tertia minore obliqua (longe ante humerum terminata),
rufo-testaceis, ornatis; femoribus piceis, tibiis tarsisque saturate
testaceis : subtus minutissime et (presertim in medio) parce punc-
tulatus.—Long. corp. lin. 1.
Habitat 8. Antao; inter quisquilias aridas in intermediis semel captus.
Obs.—S. maculosum, Canariensem, prima facie simulans, et forsan
* The particular forms to which I allude are the S. durante of the Madeiran
Group, the canariensis, oblongior, and cercyonides of the Canaries, and the
pallidulus, nigropictus, posticus, and floricola of the Cape Verde archipelago —all
readily distinguishable z¢er se, but belonging nevertheless to much the same 7ype.
mw 2
164 COCCINELLID®.
ejus varietas geographica : differt praesertim corpore paululum ma-
jore (?), prothorace fere concolori, subnigro (nee ad latera late et
conspicue dilutiore), basi in medio minus sinuato, elytrorumque
singwlorum macula sublaterali media omnino obsoleta,nulla,necnon
discali subhumeralique inter se fractis disjunctis (haud suffusis),
ill4 subminore angustiore atque 4 margine basali magis remota.
The single specimen from which the above description has been
compiled I captured, by sifting dry rubbish, in the interior of 8.
Antiio; and it may easily be known by its black (or somewhat pice-
ous-black) hue, its highly polished and very minutely punctulate,
but silvery-pubescent, surface, and by its elytra being ornamented
with rufo-testaceous markings—their apex being pale, and also a sub-
lunate patch behind the middle of each, aswell as an oval (but longitu-
dinally-placed) spot on the inner disk, and another (smaller and ob-
lique) which adjoins it, but pointing towards the shoulder. Although
with many small distinctions (which I have alluded to above), it so
nearly resembles the Canarian S. maculosus that I cannot feel sure
that it is more, in reality, than a permanent geographical state of that
species. It differs from it in its prothorax being concolorous (or not
diluted at the sides—at any rate in the sex now before me), and in
its elytra wanting the sublateral central spot which is always present
in the maculosus. The other patches, moreover, are not quite the
same as in its Canarian representative—the one on the inner disk
being a little smaller and narrower, further removed from the basal
margin, and entirely separated from (even though very close to) the
oblique subhumeral one*.
182. Scymnus picturatus, n. sp.
S. preecedenti similis, sed subminor (?), magis ater, nitidissimus,
grosse, longe et suberecte cinereo pubescens ; prothorace ut in illo ;
elytris vix parcius et magis equaliter punctatis, singulis ad apicem,
in macula sublunato-arcuata transversé (in disco postico sita), in
altera lineari longitudinali (intra discum posita), et in tertia minore
obliqua (longe ante humerum terminata), vel in secundam mer-
gente vel disjuncta, flavo-testaceo ornatis; pedibus corporeque sub-
tus ut in sp. preecedenti.—Long. corp. lin. 3-1.
Habitat Fogo; in herbidis intermediis haud infrequens, ad Monte
Nucho deprehensus.
* Tf (as already stated) the black-and-reddish Scymni of the preceding Sec-
tion, in these three Atlantic archipelagos, may be regarded (however distinct
from each other) as belonging to much the same type; on the other hand, the
S. fractus, picturatus, and maritimus may in like manner be, as it were, affiliated
with the Canarian macu/osus and the Madeiran flavopictus.
COCCINELLID. 165
Of this beautiful little Scymnus I captured thirteen examples, by
brushing the vegetation, at the Monte Nucho, in Fogo. It is much
on the same type as the S. fractus, but is of a more intense black,
with its markings of a paler (or yellower) hue, and therefore more
conspicuous or defined ; and its elytra (the punctation of which is a
trifle more remote and uniform—being less evidently composed of
larger and smaller punctures intermixed) have the longitudinal patch
down the inner disk of each narrower and linear, and often quite con-
fluent with the oblique subhumeral one which adjoins it.
183. Scymnus maritimus, n. sp.
S. preecedentibus duobus affinis, sed sensim minor, paulo minus niti-
dus, densius longiusque suberecte argenteo pubescens, et ubique
subcrebrius (sed in elytris paulo levius) punctulatus; elytris minus
nigris (sepe omnino fuscescentibus), fere ut in S. picturato macu-
latis sed maculis obscuris subobsoletis (interdum egre observandis)
et macula in disco postico subrotundata (nec transversa arcuata) ;
pedibus corporeque subtus fere ut in sp. preecedenti.
Var. B. obliterata {an species ?|. Elytra fusca, maculis omnino ob-
literatis. (S. Antéo.)—Long. corp. lin. $—#.
Habitat 8. Antao (var. 8), et S. Vicente; sub quisquiliis in arenosis
salinis, haud procul a mare ipso sitis, rarissimus.
I took five or six examples of this minute Scymnus (which seems
to be extremely rare, and of subsaline habits) on the low sandy flats
immediately behind the sea-beach, about a mile to the south of
Porto Grande, in 8. Vicente. It was in company with the Penta-
temnus affinis, under the small particles of triturated refuse which
had been deposited in lines by the salt water which appears occa-
sionally to overflow these level spots between the sandy hillocks and
the shore. On the probability that this indicated its normal mode
of life, I thought it not unlikely that it would prove to be at any
rate congeneric with the Celopterus salinus—a small Seymnid which
was detected in the south of France, and which is placed (in the
recent Catalogues) in juxtaposition with Scymnus proper; but I
cannot see that it possesses either the structural or trivial characters
which Mulsant assigns to that insect. Indeed this supposition is
now rendered almost untenable from the evident affinity which it
displays—in its markings, clothing, and sculpture—with the two
preceding species, as well as with the maculosus of the Canarian
Group and the flavopictus of Madeira.
A single example which I captured in 8. Antaéo may possibly be
the type of a closely allied species; but as it is hardly mature, I
166 COCCINELLID&.
cannot feel quite certain that its elytra (which appear totally imma-
culate) might not be obscurely spotted in more satisfactory speci-
mens. Still, since I believe that I met with it at a comparatively high
elevation, and far removed from the coast, I am inclined to suspect
that further material will tend to separate it from the S. maritimus ;
and therefore, if such should prove to be the case, I would then
propose for it (as above indicated) the title of obliteratus.
The S. maritimus may be known by its diminutive size, by the
coarse, dense and suberect silvery pubescence with which it is
clothed, and by its elytra (which are often much diluted in hue, or
fuscescent) being so obscurely ornamented with paler markings that
the latter are sometimes scarcely traceable. When sufficiently so,
however, to be properly observed, it will be seen that the patches
are in much the same positions as those of the pictwratus and fractus
—though the one on the hinder disk of each elytron appears (so far
as I can judge) to be rounded, instead of transverse and arcuate.
184. Scymnus inconspicuus, n. sp,
S. breviter ovalis, niger, nitidus, suberecte cinereo pubescens; pro-
thorace subconcolori (ad angulos anticos solos paulo dilutiore),
una cum elytris distincte et argute punctulato ; his saturate rufo-
ferrugineis, in regione scutellari usque ad suturee medium late et
suffuse triangulariter nigrescentibus, necnon etiam in margine
laterali paulo nebulosis ; femoribus nigro-piceis, tibiis tarsisque
saturate testaceis ; metasterno transyersim ruguloso, postice con-
vexo.
Variat elytris omnino obscuratis, piceo-nigrescentibus, postice solum
paulo dilutioribus; vel (immaturus) colore omnino pallidiore,
plus minus olivaceo-ferrugineo.—Long. corp. lin. circa 2.
Habitat S. Antao, 8. Tago, et Fogo; inter quisquilias aridas in infe-
rioribus intermedusque lectus.
A small Seymnus, much about the size of the European S. mini-
mus, though belonging to a totally different type. It may be known
by its short oval outline and pubescent surface; by its head and
prothorax being almost wholly black, whilst its elytra are of a dull
rufescent colour—but more or less largely (and gradually) darkened
anteriorly by a suffused blackish cloud, forming a triangular patch,
which is broad at the base, and extends (at its apex) to about the
middle of the suture. Their lateral edge is usually a little obscure
likewise ; and these clouded portions are at times tolerably well ex-
pressed, though more frequently shaded-off imperceptibly into the
paler ones. In occasional examples, indeed, they are so much dif-
COCCINELLID ®. 167
fused as to render the entire elytra nearly dark. Its punctures,
although small, will be seen (when viewed beneath the microscope)
to be not only considerably larger than those of the preceding three
species, but also comparatively deep and sharply defined.
The S. inconspicuus is widely spread over the archipelago, where
perhaps it will be found to be nearly universal, though hitherto it
has been detected only in 8. Antao, 8. Iago, and Fogo. It is how-
ever, decidedly scarce ; and the few examples which I have seen
(eleven in number) were taken by myself—for the most part (if not
entirely) beneath dry vegetable detritus at low and intermediate
altitudes, but never in saline spots like the S. maritimus. The ma-
jority of my specimens are Fogo ones, and were captured amongst
the small triturated rubbish which had accumulated under the suc-
culent plants of Zygophyllum on the hot sand slopes at the base
of the sea-cliffs close to the Porto da Luz; but the 8S. Antéo and
S. Iago ones were met with (so far as I can recollect), by sifting, in
the interior of those islands, at a much loftier elevation*.
185. Scymnus depressinsculus, n. sp.
S. suboblongus, minus convexus, depressiusculus, fusco-testaceus,
nitidus, brevius et demisse cinereo pubescens ; capite paululum
minus deflexo ; prothorace latiusculo, minutissime leviter punctu-
lato, in disco suffuse paulo obscuriore ; elytris subparallelis, pos-
tice pygidio sensim brevioribus, distinctius punctulatis, vel conco-
loribus vel antice circa scutellum obsolete obscuratis ; pedibus
concoloribus: subtus paulo picescentior, metasterno minus con-
vexo et in medio vix punctulato.—Long. corp. lin. #-vix 1.
Halitat 8. Iago, et Fogo ; in apricis inferioribus rarior.
Three examples only of this very distinct little Scymnus have as
yet come beneath my notice. Two of them I captured in 8. Iago
(1 beheve, at a low elevation near the Villa da Praia), and the other
(in company with the last species) close to the Porto da Luz in Fogo.
It is rather larger than the S. inconspicuus, less convex, and very
much more oblong. Indeed this latter peculiarity, in conjunction
with its somewhat less deflexed head, its pale, brownish-testaceous
hue (the disk of its prothorax being alone obfuscated), its finer and
* Although totally distinct from it, the S. ¢reonspicwus bears a certain ana-
logy to the Canarian S. cercyonides; but it is a little smaller and rounder, with
its pubescence longer and more cinereous, its prothorax more truncated at the
base (being less sinuated, or produced, in the middle), its scutellum relatively
larger, its elytral punctures ve7y much finer, and the reddish portion of its sur-
face is altogether darker and more suffused. In reality, indeed, I believe that
the cercyonides belongs to a different tpe—hbeing, rather, a small member of the
canaricnsis, nigropictus, posticus, and floricola group.
168 TENTYRIADE.
more depressed pubescence, its widish and very minutely punctu-
lated prothorax, and the fact of its elytra being perceptibly shortened
behind, so as to expose the apex of the pygidium, will more than
suffice to separate it from the other Scymni here enumerated.
Fam. 42. TENTYRIADZ.
Genus 120. HEGETER.
Latreille, Hist. Nat. iii. 172 (1802).
186. Hegeter tristis.
Blaps tristis, Fab., Ent. Syst. i. 108 (1792).
Hegeter elongatus, Woil., Ins. Mad. 510, tab. xi. f. 7 (1854).
, Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 157 (1857).
tristis, Id., Cat. Can. Col. 451 (1864).
elds. Col. Atl, 395 (1865).
Habitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, 8S. Iago, Fogo, et Brava; sub lapidi-
bus, necnon in cayernis tufse, hinc inde congregans.
The H. tristis is found in all these Atlantic Groups—to which, al-
though now met with likewise on the opposite coast of Africa, it was
perhaps originally peculiar. It occurs at the Azores, and is univer-
sal throughout the Madeiran and Canarian archipelagos ; and we
may be pretty sure that it is equally universal in the Cape Verde
islands, though hitherto it has been captured in only five of them.
It is independent of elevation, but more especially abundant perhaps
in the lower districts—where it congregates beneath stones, and in
open basaltic caverns towards the coast. It was taken in 8. Antao
by Dr. H. Dohrn and myself; in St. Vicente by myself, Mr. Gray,
the Rey. Hamlet Clark, and Mr. Miller; and by Mr. Gray and my-
self in 8S. Iago, Fogo, and Brava. From Fogo it has likewise been
obtained by the Barao do Castello de Paiva.
Apart from its larger size, more appreciably striated, basally-mar-
gined elytra, and various other characters, the H. tristis may at
once be known from the numerous Owycare@ described below by the
structure of its mesosternum, its anteriorly simple (or wnmucro-
nated) clypeus, and by its scutellum being conspicuous and trans-
verse.
Genus 121. OXYCARA.
Solier, Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de France, iv. 254 (1855).
Instrumenta cibaria fere ut in Hegetere, sed mandibule dextre margo
externus in dentem medium multo longiorem supra productus ;
palporum labialium art ult paulo minus incrassatus ; wncus lobi
TENTYRIAD ©. 169
mavillaris interni angustior magisque incurvus; et mentum ad
latera oblique rectius (minus rotundatum). Antennarum art’
ult“ etiam minor quam in Hegetere. Caput utrinque (mox intra
oculum) plica costiformi longitudinaliter instructum, clypeo antice
in medio in mucronem paryum plus minus evidenter producto.
Prothorax ad basin vel tenuiter, vel vix (nunquam ut in Hegetere
distincte) marginatus, subtus in propleuris plus minus grosse longi-
tudinaliter strigosus. Scutellum nullum (aut interdum minutis-
simum, triangulare, egerrime observandum ; nunquam ut in He-
getere distinctum, transversum, crassum). H/ytra ad basin minus
sinuata quam in Hegetere, necnon ibidem semper immarginata.
Prosterni lobus magis productus et apice acutior. Mesosternwm
magis elevatum, crassum, horizontale, planatum, parallelogram-
micum (nec obtriangulare), sed antice in medio profunde fissum,
lobum prosterni recipiens. Metasterni pars antica rotundata (inter
coxas posticas) apice latius rectiusque truncata. Abdominis seg-
mentum penultimum brevius (sc. brevissimum).
I have thought it desirable to give the above comparative dia-
gnosis of Owvycara (drawn out after a careful examination of ten
species and 409 specimens), in order to indicate the exact points in
which it differs from Hegeter; for since its numerous exponents
would seem to occupy just the same position throughout the Cape
Verde archipelago that the Hegeters do in the Canarian Group, it is
important that we should know precisely what the distinctions are
which separate them from the latter. At first sight, indeed, they
have so much in common with Hegeter that they might well be sup-
posed to constitute a mere section of that genus; yet, when accu-
rately overhauled, they will be seen to possess characters which are
abundantly sufficient to render their isolation a matter of necessity.
Perhaps their most remarkable feature is the structure of their me-
sosternum—which (instead of being as in Hegeter, obtriangular and
curved inwards, and widely scooped out anteriorly for the blunt pro-
sternal lobe to be applied against) is thick and flattened (or horizon-
tal), and almost a parallelogram in outline, though cleft in front to
receive the comparatively acute and more produced apex of the
prosternum, This particular shape causes the base of the mesoster-
num to be wider than in Hegeter (where it is scarcely more than
the apex of a reversed triangle), and consequently the rounded por-
tion of the metasternum (between the posterior coxze), against which
it rests, to be more broadly and straightly truncated.
Next to the peculiarity of the mesosternum (which removes them
from all the other known members of the Tentyriad@), the most appre-
ciable character which separates the Ovycare trom the Hegeters is
170 TENTYRIADZ.
the absence of a visible scutellum and the unmargined (and less
sinuated) base of their elytra. In one or two species indeed the
former is occasionally just perceptible, in the shape of a most minute
triangular point; but it never makes the slightest approach to
that of Hegeter—which is conspicuous, transverse, and thickened, so
as to constitute a portion of the incrassated elytral edge. Then the
head has a longitudinal costiform plait immediately within either
eye, and the clypeus (as in Thalpophila) is produced in front into a
little central mucro, The prothorax also is much less evidently
(sometimes, indeed, not at all) margined behind, and has the lateral
segments (or propleure) of its underside very coarsely and longitu-
dinally strigose, or suleated—a sculpture, however, which is faintly
recognizable in many of the Hegeters and allied forms. The penul-
timate abdominal segment is shorter than in Hegeter; and the ter-
minal articulation of the antenne is even still smaller.
The oral organs of the whole of these allied genera are so nearly
on the same type that it would be unreasonable to look to them for
any marked peculiarities ; yet there are, nevertheless, in the case
of Oxvycara, many small items in which they differ from those of
Hegeter. Thus, for instance, the last joint of the labial palpi is
sensibly less thickened, the mentum is straighter at the sides, and
the right mandible has the great central tooth which branches off
from the upper surface of its outer edge much more prominent and
elongate.
With the many peculiarities thus indicated, there can be little
doubt that Owycara is positively and aboriginally distinct from He-
geter ; and although it manifestly represents the latter (so abundant
throughout the Canarian Group) in the Cape Verde archipelago,
nevertheless we are still further debarred from supposing that it
can be any mere geographical modification of it by the fact that
Hegeter also, in its genuine and unaltered form (though only, as
hitherto observed, in a single species), has every appearance of being
equally indigenous amongst these same islands.
187. Oxycara hegeteroides.
O. elongato-ovata, atra, subnitida, in capite profunde, dense et ru-
gose, in prothorace minutius, minus dense et multo levius (tamen
argute), sed in elytris minutissime, parce et levissime punctulata ;
prothorace coleopteris angustiore, subconico, ad latera anterius
subrotundato, postice subsinuato, angulis posticis acutiusculis, basi
in medio transversim plus minus impresso (quare ibidem ad basin
TENTYRIAD®. 7d
extremam quasi subelevato); elytris convexis, vel (seepius) obso-
letissime lineatis vel simplicibus ; pedibus longiusculis.
Variat prothorace integro (postice nullo modo impresso).
Var. B. affinis [an species ?]. Paulo minor, minus ovata, nitidior,
punctura (valde instabili) omnino profundiore, pedibus plerumque
minus elongatis.—Long. corp. lin. 3}-5.
Oxycara hegeteroides, Erich., in Wiegm. Archiv, ix. 236 (1843).
Habitat 8. Antaéo; ab ora maritima (in statu typico) usque ad sum-
mos montes (plerumque, nisi fallor, 7m var. (3) ascendens, sed
nusquam vulgaris.
This Oxycara would seem to be peculiar to 8. Antio, where it oc-
curs (though nowhere very abundantly) from the sea-level to the
summits of the mountains. It is considerably more variable, both
in size and the strength of its punctation, than any of the other
species ; but on the average it is larger than most of them, and (in
conjunction with the ebenina) it has more of the outline of a typical
Hegeter—as represented by the tristis and amaroides. Although
usually finely sculptured, it may nevertheless, when contrasted with
its allies, be described as somewhat strongly punctate—at all events
anteriorly, and particularly on the head ; but the punctation of the
latter, and of the prothorax, is in reality most inconstant. In its
outline it is elongate-ovate (or subattenuated in front, and rounded
behind the middle); and its prothorax, which is altogether narrower
than the elytra, is a trifle longer and more subconical than in the
generality of the species—though the sides are comparatively pa-
rallel (even whilst a little rounded anteriorly). The latter, moreover,
has its hinder angles sensibly acute, or produced-; and although
sometimes entirely free from inequalities, it 1s usually impressed
with a transverse striga along its base—which causes the extreme
hinder margin to appear as though raised in the central part.
In its normal state (or that which accords with Erichson’s type)
the O. hegeteroides was taken by Mr. Gray and Dr. H. Dohrn in the
north of 8. Antaéo, and by myself (at Tarrafal) in the south. This
phasis of the species is on the average rather larger and less shining
than that which obtains in the higher regions, its punctation is
finer, and its legs are more elongate. What I have treated as the
“var. 3” seems to be merely a form which is gradually put on as
the insect ascends into the loftier districts. Under that guise it
appears to be a little smaller, more shining and strongly punctured,
a trifle less ovate, and with its legs less elongate, or developed ;
but, despite the very opposite aspect of the extremes, I can detect
72 TENTYRIADA.
nothing of sufficient constancy and significance to serve for a specific
character. This latter race I have met with in the Ribeira Fria, the
Ribeira das Patas, the Ribeira da Babosa, and on the Campo Ra-
dondo*.
188. Oxycara ebenina, n. sp.
O. ovata et preecedenti subsimilis, sed minor, minus nitida (plerum-
que subopaca), punctura multo subtiliore (sc. in prothoracis disco
elytrisque egre observandi) ; prothorace mtegro (nec postice in
medio transversim impresso); antennis pedibusque brevioribus,
illarum articulis (presertim tertio) conspicue magis abbreviatis.—
Long. corp. lin. 23-33.
Habitat 8. Vicente ; sub lapidibus in locis editioribus degens.
Found in the higher elevations of 8. Vicente—having been taken
by Mr. Miller, Mr. Gray, and myself on the ascent, and summit, of
Monte Verde. In its ovate outline it agrees with the hegeteroides ;
but it is considerably smaller, and (relatively) rather less elongate,
as well as more opake, its punctation is very much finer (indeed on
the elytra and prothoracic disk scarcely traceable), and its limbs are
shorter—the antennal joints (particularly the third one) being con-
spicuously more abbreviated.
189. Oxycara castanea, n. sp.
OQ. depressiuscula, rufo-picea aut potius castanea, subnitida, in ca-
pite distincte et argute, in prothorace minute et leviter, sed in
elytris minutissime et levissime punctulata; prothorace ad latera
anterius rotundato, postice rectiore et sensim angustato, angulis
posticis argute subobtusis, ad basin subsinuato, ante basin seepius
transversim impresso ; elytris depressis, vel (seepius) obsoletissime
lineatis vel simplicibus ; antennis pedibusque longiusculis,
Variat prothorace integro, necnon (var. 8) rarius colore obscuriore,
fere nigro.—Long. corp. lin. 3-4.
Oxycara hegeteroides, Woll. [nec Erich.|, Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 198
(1861).
Habitat 8. Vigente ; in editioribus plerumque (sed vix copiose) oc-
currens.
* The O. hegeteroides and pedinoides were both of them described by Erichson
in his paper on (supposed) “ Angolan” Coleoptera ; but I have already stated
that a large proportion of the latter were not from Angola at all, but from the
Cape Verde archipelago; and there can be no kind of doubt that these two Oxycaras
came from the islands ov/y. I say “only,” because the first of them is clearly
confined to 8. Antao, whilst even the second has but a slightly wider range ; so
that, manifestly endemic as they are, it would be preposterous to assume (simply
on account of Erichson having recorded for them a habitat which was erroneous)
that they extend along the African coast down to Angola !
TENTYRIADZ. M73
Easily known by its rather depressed body and rufo-piceous or
(more properly) reddish-chestnut, hue, by its extremely fine and
light punctation (that on the head, however, being rather sharper
and more distinct), by its prothorax being somewhat narrowed (and
obliquely straightened) posteriorly, and faintly bisinuated at its base,
and by its limbs being slightly elongate. Its elytra are usually very
obsoletely and obtusely striated ; but sometimes they are free from
all traces of longitudinal lines. It has been observed hitherto only
in 8. Vicente, where it occurs principally in the higher elevations—
though occasionally at intermediate ones. It is far less abundant
than the O. pedinoides, which teems everywhere ; and it is chiefly
on the ascent, and summit, of Monte Verde that I have myself met
with it. It was taken, however, by Mr. Gray, and the Rey. Hamlet
Clark, in 1856, at a lower elevation; and I obtained two examples
of it at Madeiralzinho, but which differ from those of the loftier
regions in being almost black. These latter constitute the ‘“ var. 3”
of my diagnosis.
In a paper on 8. Vicente Coleoptera, published in 1861, I identi-
tified this Oxycara with the hegeteroides of Erichson ; but I have
received, since that date, from the late Dr. Schaum, one of Erich-
son’s types—which evidently belongs to the 8S. Antao species. It is
true that this type was communicated under the name of * helopoides,
Erich. ;”’ but as Erichson never published an Owycara with that
title, and the type agrees much more accurately than the present
species does with the description of the hegeteroides, I feel quite
satisfied that it was merely by a lapsus calami that Schaum wrote
“‘ helopoides” (instead of hegeterowles).
190. Oxycara pedinoides.
O. oblongo-ovalis, atra, subnitida, in capite prothoraceque sat dis-
tincte et argute, sed in elytris minute (tamen evidenter) punctu-
lata ; prothorace fere coleopterorum latitudine, ad latera sequaliter
leviter rotundato, angulis posticis subrectis, punctulis in disco le-
vioribus ; elytris simplicibus, aut interdum obsoletissime (vix per-
spicue) sublineatis ;, antennis pedibusque breviusculis, illarum
art? 2% crassiusculo, breyiusculo, subobtriangulari (nec obconico).
Long. corp. lin. 3-43.
Oxycara pedinoides, Evich.,in Wreg. Archiv, ix. 236 (1848).
, Woll., Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 198 (1861).
Habitat 8. Antao, et 8. Vicente; in inferioribus intermediisque (pree-
sertim illis) sub lapidibus occurrens. In ins. 8. Vicente preeci-
pue abundat.
174 TENTYRIADA.
The O. pedinoides is the common Ovxycara of 8. Vicente, where it
abounds (beneath stones) in arid spots of low and intermediate alti-
tudes. It occurs likewise in the neighbouring island of 8. Antao,
where however it appears to be scarce, and found only (so far as I
was able to detect) at low elevations near the coast, under which
circumstances I met with it at Carvoeiros and Tarrafal. In 8. Vi-
cente it is almost universal; and it seems to have been captured by
everybody who has collected in that island—including Mr. Miller,
Mr. Fry, Captain Hutton, Mr. Gray, the Rev. Hamlet Clark, the
Rey. R. T. Lowe, and myself; and it was likewise obtained from
thence by the Barao do Castello de Paiva.
The O. pedinoides is rather more strictly oblong, or oblong-oval,
than the three preceding species—its prothorax (which is but slightly,
and evenly, rounded at the sides, with the hinder angles nearly
right angles) being generally of about the same breadth as the
elytra; and these latter are more conspicuously (even though mi-
nutely) punctulate than is the case in any of the other forms here
enumerated. Its head is somewhat deeply and sharply punctured ;
but the punctures of its prothorax, although distinct towards either
side, are small and nearly evanescent on the disk. Its limbs are
shortish ; and the second joint of its antenne is a trifle thicker,
more abbreviated, and more obtriangular than in the allied species.
191. Oxycara levis, n. sp.
O. preecedenti similis, sed vix ejus varietas insularis, usque ad statu-
ram satis minorem descendens, puncturaé omnino subtiliore (se. in
prothorace, lateribus exceptis, elytrisque fere evanescente), elytris
in medio vix magis rotundatis, antennarumque art® 2° paululum
longiore ac sensim minus obtriangulari.—Long. corp. lin. 23-33.
Habitat 8. Nicolio ; &4 Dom. Gray deprehensa.
Very closely allied to the last species, of which indeed it is just
possible that it may be but a permanent insular state peculiar to
S. Nicolao—in which island it was taken, during Feb. 1864, by Mr.
Gray. Still, since the pedinoides retains its characters unimpaired
in 8. Vicente and S. Antao, and the present Ovycara is most easily
separable from it, I do not see how we can treat the latter as a
mere phasis of that insect.
' The O. levis differs from the pedinoides in its punctation being
very much finer (indeed almost evanescent on the elytra, and on the
greater portion of the prothorax), in its elytra being a trifle more
rounded on either side in the middle, and in the second joint of its
TENTYRIAD®. 175
antennee being just appreciably less shortened, less thickened, and
less obtriangular. It would seem likewise to be more variable in
stature ; for while some of the specimens are as large as those of the
pedinoides, the smaller ones descend to a comparatively diminutive
bulk.
192. Oxycara cribrata, n. sp.
O. pedinoidem simulans, sed paulo minus nitida, depressiuscula ; ca-
pite et prothorace (ad latera subrectiore) multo profundius rugo-
siusque dense punctatis (punctis magnis et plus minus, preesertim
versus latera, longitudinaliter subconfluentibus) ; elytris minute
(tamen evidenter) subdense punctulatis, granulisque (sive tuber-
culis minutissimis) parce irroratis.—Long. corp. lin. 37-43.
Habitat 8. ago; in inferioribus intermediisque, presertim illis, abun-
dans.
The remarkable sculpture of the head and prothorax of this Ovy-
cara—which are densely covered with very coarse punctures, having
a conspicuous tendency (particularly towards the sides) to become
longitudinally confluent—would, of itself, separate it from the other
species here enumerated. In general size and outline it much re-
sembles the pedinoides ; but it is usually a trifle more opake and
depressed, with its prothorax somewhat straighter at the edges, and
with its elytra a little less evidently (though perhaps, if anything,
more closely) punctulate, and sparingly besprinkled with additional
granules, or minute tubercles. It is the universal species in 8. Iago
—in which island alone it has hitherto been observed, and where it
was taken by Mr. Gray and myself from the sea-level to a consider-
able altitude on the mountains of the interior *.
193. Oxycara similis, n. sp.
O. pedinoidem simulans, sed vix depressior, plerumque multo minus
nitida, ac multo levius punctulata (punctulis in elytris prothora-
cisque disco minutissimis) ; elytris fere ut in O. eribratd (se. tu-
berculis minutissimis superadditis, preesertim postice, parce 1rro-
ratis).—Long. corp. lin. 3-4.
Habitat Fogo; in inferioribus intermediisque (preesertim illis) ubique
vulgatissima.
* The cribrata is the only Oxycara that we met with in S. Iago (during our late
expedition), in spite of the most diligent research ; and therefore I feel almost
confident that some examples of the O. similis which are included amongst
Mr. Gray’s former 8. Iago material (collected in 1864) were in reality from the
neighbouring island of Fogo, where that species seems to be universal and pecu-
liar, and that they were unintentionally mixed up with his specimens from
S. Iago. Still, as I cannot be quite certain of this, I must just allude to the pos-
sibility of the similis being found in 8. Tago.
176 TENTYRIAD 2.
Peculiar, I believe, to Fogo, where it is most universal and abun-
dant,—having been taken by Mr. Gray and myself at low and inter-
mediate altitudes ; and it has likewise been obtained from thence, in
great profusion, by the Baraio do Castello de Paiva. True it is that
some examples of it are labelled as coming from 8. Iago, in the
material which was collected by Mr. Gray in 1864; but as we were
unable to detect any vestige of it in that island during our late
campaign (its place being supplied by the O. cribrata), I feel almost
confident that a mistake has accidentally arisen in Mr. Gray’s habi-
tat ; and I think it safer, therefore, not to record the species as ex-
tending beyond Fogo.
In size, outline, and general aspect, the O. similis greatly resem-
bles the pedinoides ; but it is impossible to regard it as an insular
modification of that species unless we are also prepared (which J
certainly am not) to treat as phases of the latter the cribrata from
8. Iago, the levis from 8. Nicolao, and the irrorata from Brava. It
differs from the pedinoides, principally, in being a trifle less shining,
just appreciably more depressed, and very much more finely punc-
tulate; and in haying its elytra (as in the last species) sparingly
besprinkled with additional granules, or minute tubercles.
194. Oxycara irrorata, n. sp.
O. precedente plerumque paulo major, subopacior, ac sensim magis
ovata; capite prothoraceque fere ut in ea; elytris sensim magis
rotundatis, tuberculis minutis (aut quasi punctulis asperatis)
equaliter, argute et paulo grossius irroratis.— Long. corp. lin.
Bh).
Habitat Brava; ubique, sed presertim in inferioribus, vulgaris.
This is the common Oxycara in Brava, where it swarms beneath
stones at most elevations, though particularly at low ones. It was
found by Mr. Gray and myself, in great profusion, on the dry slopes
near the Porto da Furna. Although (like most of the species) vari-
able in stature, it ascends to a rather larger bulk than any of the
remainder (except perhaps the extreme ones of the O. hegeteroides,
from S. Antao); and it is also a little more ovate, or rounded behind
the middle, than the immediately allied forms. It may further be
recognized by being somewhat opake, and by its elytra being
sharply, regularly, and distinctly beset with minute tubercles—
which may perhaps be occasioned by obliquely-impinged, asperated
punctules.
™“
ENTYRIADA. Ay
195. Oxycara asperula, un. sp.
O. ovata, atra, depressiuscula, opaca, in capite argute, sed in pro-
thorace (saltem in medio) vix punctulata ; prothoracis linea basali
integra; elytris distincte lineatis, tuberculis minutis et minutis-
simis (his quasi punctulis asperatis effectis) sat dense et conspicue
irroratis.—Long. corp. lin. 4}.
Habitat Fogo; a cl. Barone Castello de Paiva benigne communicata.
fo} to}
A single example of this Ovycara has been communicated by the
Barao do Castello de Paiva, by whom it was obtained from Fogo ;
but whether it was met with at a high elevation (as I should be in-
clined to suspect), 1 have no means of determining. In its some-
what ovate outline, opake surface, and rather distinctly lineated
elytra, it is a little suggestive, at first sight, of the Hegeter ama-
roides; and it may be further known by its slightly depressed body,
by its prothorax being (at any rate in the middle) most minutely
punctulated, and by its elytra being roughened with small tubercles
—interspersed with others which are a trifle smaller still, and which
have the appearance of being occasioned by obliquely-impinged (and,
therefore, asperated) punctules.
196. Oxycara curta, n. sp.
O. breviter ovalis, latiuscula, atra, convexiuscula, subnitida, in eapite
minute, sed in prothorace (saltem in medio) yix punctulata ; pro-
thorace convexo, valde transverso, intra angulos posticos subrectos
interdum foveolato; elytris tuberculis minutissimis (aut potius
punctulis asperatis) sequaliter et argute irroratis ; antennis brevi-
bus, articulis subapicalibus moniliformibus ; tibiis anticis vix sub-
arcuatis, apicem versus fortius dilatatis, neenon ad angulum ex-
ternum minus truncatis (sc. etiam subporrectis)—Long. corp.
lin. 3-3.
Habitat Fogo; 4 Barone Castello de Paiva, una cum specie prace-
dente, parce communicata.
In the rather shorter, and more moniliform, subapical joints of its
antenne, as well as in the structure of its anterior tibize (which are
faintly subarcuate, and more conspicuously widened towards their
apex, with the external angle less truncated, or more porrect), the
present insect might almost be supposed to merit generic separa-
tion from the whole of the preceding Oxycaras—though I believe
that a careful inspection of it will show that it is merely the ex-
ponent of a somewhat different type in the same group. It is rela-
tively shorter, wider, and more rounded (or rounded-oval) than any
N
176 TENTYRIAD A.
Peculiar, I believe, to Fogo, where it is most universal and abun-
dant,—having been taken by Mr. Gray and myself at low and inter-
mediate altitudes ; and it has likewise been obtained from thence, in
great profusion, by the Bardo do Castello de Paiva. True it is that
some examples of it are labelled as coming from 8. Iago, in the
material which was collected by Mr. Gray in 1864; but as we were
unable to detect any vestige of it in that island during our late
campaign (its place being supplied by the O. eribrata), I feel almost
confident that a mistake has accidentally arisen in Mr. Gray’s habi-
tat ; and I think it safer, therefore, not to record the species as ex-
tending beyond Fogo.
In size, outline, and general aspect, the O. similis greatly resem-
bles the pedinoides ; but it is impossible to regard it as an insular
modification of that species unless we are also prepared (which J
certainly am not) to treat as phases of the latter the cribrata from
S. Iago, the levis from 8. Nicolao, and the irrorata from Brava. It
differs from the pedinoides, principally, in being a trifle less shining,
just appreciably more depressed, and very much more finely punc-
tulate; and in having its elytra (as in the last species) sparingly
besprinkled with additional granules, or minute tubercles.
194. Oxycara irrorata, n. sp.
O. precedente plerumque paulo major, subopacior, ac sensim magis
ovata; capite prothoraceque fere ut in ea; elytris sensim magis
rotundatis, tuberculis minutis (aut quasi punctulis asperatis)
equaliter, argute et paulo grossius irroratis.— Long. corp. lin.
3-5.
Habitat Brava; ubique, sed presertim in inferioribus, vulgaris.
This is the common Oxycara in Brava, where it swarms beneath
stones at most elevations, though particularly at low ones. It was
found by Mr. Gray and myself, in great profusion, on the dry slopes
near the Porto da Furna. Although (like most of the species) vari-
able in stature, it ascends to a rather larger bulk than any of the
remainder (except perhaps the extreme ones of the O. hegeteroides,
from S. Antao); and it is also a little more ovate, or rounded behind
the middle, than the immediately allied forms. It may further be
recognized by being somewhat opake, and by its elytra being
sharply, regularly, and distinctly beset with minute tubercles—
which may perhaps be occasioned by obliquely-impinged, asperated
punctules.
™
ENTYRIAD. Me
195, Oxycara asperula, n. sp.
O. ovata, atra, depressiuscula, opaca, in capite argute, sed in pro-
thorace (saltem in medio) vix punctulata ; prothoracis linea basali
integra; elytris distincte lineatis, tuberculis minutis et minutis-
simis (his quasi punctulis asperatis effectis) sat dense et conspicue
irroratis.—Long. corp. lin. 43.
Habitat Fogo; 4 cl. Barone Castello de Paiva benigne communicata.
A single example of this Ozycara has been communicated by the
Barao do Castello de Paiva, by whom it was obtained from Fogo ;
but whether it was met with at a high elevation (as I should be in-
clined to suspect), I have no means of determining. In its some-
what ovate outline, opake surface, and rather distinctly lineated
elytra, it is a little suggestive, at first sight, of the Hegeter ama-
roides; and it may be further known by its slightly depressed body,
by its prothorax being (at any rate in the middle) most minutely
punctulated, and by its elytra being roughened with small tubercles
—interspersed with others which are a trifle smaller still, and which
haye the appearance of being occasioned by obliquely-impinged (and,
therefore, asperated) punctules.
196. Oxycara curta, n. sp.
O. breviter ovalis, latiuscula, atra, convexiuscula, subnitida, in eapite
minute, sed in prothorace (saltem in medio) vix punctulata ; pro-
thorace convexo, valde transverso, intra angulos posticos subrectos
interdum foyeolato; elytris tuberculis minutissimis (aut potius
punctulis asperatis) sequaliter et argute irroratis ; antennis brevi-
bus, articulis subapicalibus moniliformibus ; tibiis anticis vix sub-
arcuatis, apicem versus fortius dilatatis, neenon ad angulum ex-
ternum minus truncatis (sc. etiam subporrectis)—Long. corp.
lin. 3-34.
Habitat Fogo; 4 Barone Castello de Paiva, und cum specie preece-
dente, parce communicata.
In the rather shorter, and more moniliform, subapical joints of its
antenne, as well as in the structure of its anterior tibize (which are
faintly subarcuate, and more conspicuously widened towards their
apex, with the external angle less truncated, or more porrect), the
present insect might almost be supposed to merit generic separa-
tion from the whole of the preceding Oxycaras—though I believe
that a careful inspection of it will show that it is merely the ex-
ponent of a somewhat different type in the same group. It is rela-
tively shorter, wider, and more rounded (or rounded-oval) than any
N
178 SCAURID.
of the other species here enumerated—its prothorax (which is con-
vex, and with its punctules almost inappreciable except at the
sides) being, in consequence, although not in reality abbreviated,
much more transverse ; and its etytra are sharply beset, though not
densely so, with most minute asperated punctules—which form,
from being obliquely impinged, conspicuous, but diminutive, tuber-
cles.
The only specimens (four in number) which I have yet seen of
the O. curta have been communicated by my excellent friend, the
Bardo do Castello de Paiva, by whom they were obtained from Fogo.
I suspect that they are from a higher region than any which I visited
during our late campaign ; and the structure of their anterior tibice
would seem to imply that in their habits they are perhaps even more
retiring, or subfossorial, than the ordinary members of the genus.
Fam. 48. SCAURIDZ.
Genus 122. SCAURUS.
Fabricius, Syst. Ent. 253 (1775).
197. Scaurus variolosus, n. sp.
S. ater, subnitidus ; capite elongato, grosse longitudinaliter punctato-
rugoso, in fronte ineequali, epistomate parcius leviusque punctato,
ad latera conspicue recurvo, apice vix emarginato sed paululum
undulato ; prothorace convexo, transverso-subquadrato, ad latera
eequaliter subrotundato, in limbo (preesertim basi in medio) mar-
ginato, profunde, dense, et argute punctato; elytris angustulis,
ovalibus, tuberculis minutis granuliformibus parce irroratis, necnon
dense seriatim punctatis, aut fere variolosis (punctis magnis sed
levibus), sutura postice elevata, elytris singulis costis duabus
longitudinalibus (interna antice plus minus evanescente) instructis ;
pedibus paulo picescentioribus, tibiis anticis intus spina robusta
armatis.
Mas pedibus anticis paulo longioribus, femoribus subtus spina elon-
gata subarcuata interna (necnon seepius altera obsoleta anguliformi
externd) armatis, tibiis arcuatis.
Fem. pedibus anticis paulo minus elongatis, femoribus subtus spina
breviore (tamen robusta) et rectiore armatis, tibiis rectis: elytro-
rum regione scutellari plerumque magis impresso-declivibus.—
Long. corp. lin. 6-63.
Habitat Fogo ; sub lapidibus in aridis inferioribus, mox supra Porto
da Luz, sat copiose repertus.
. The present Scawrus was taken by Mr. Gray and myself, at a low
PEDINID®. 179
elevation in Fogo—from beneath stones on the top of the dry
basaltic cliffs immediately above the Porto da Luz; and it is espe-
cially interesting as being the only member of the genus which has
hitherto been detected in any of these Atlantic archipelagos. Apart
from the two raised coste down each of its elytra, and the robust
spine of its anterior femora (both of which are almost generic cha-
racters), it may be known by its strongly and sharply punctured
prothorax, and by its elytra (which are rather narrower than is
usual for the Scauri) being sparingly besprinkled with small granu-
liform tubercles, and densely crowded with large but shallow punc-
tures, or varioles, which are disposed in longitudinal rows. Its head
is very uneven, and coarsely roughened ; and its epistome is much
recurved at the sides, and minutely undulated (though scarcely
emarginate) in front.
Fam. 44, PEDINIDA.
Genus 123. CENOSCELIS (nov. gen.).
Corpus lineari-oblongum ; epistomate antice integro truncato, oculis
lateralibus, transversis, paulo arcuatis sed integris (nec a genis
divisis) ; prothorace subquadrato, postice elytrorum latitudine, an-
gulis posticis rectis (nec productis, nec in foveam elytrorum hu-
meralem receptis), subtus in propleuris obsolete striguloso ; scutello
sat magno, triangulari-scutiformi; prosterni lobo (inter coxas
anticas) subito desiliente, sed ad apicem ipsum porrecte prominulo ;
mesosterno antice late et obtuse excavato; lobo abdominali (inter
coxas posticas) angusto, rotundato-triangulari; elytris liberis; alis
distinctis, sed haud amplis. -Antenne apicem versus gradatim in-
crassate, art? 2° previ, 3%° paulo elongato. Zabrum corneum,
transversum, antice rotundatum sed in medio paulo truncatum.
Mandibule cornez, validee, apice bidentate, intus profunde si-
nuate et in medio lacinia coriacea pubescente aucte. Mawvilla
breves, lobis dense pilosis, interno apice unco subcurvato corneo
instructo. Palpi mavillares elongati, art? 1™° subconico, 2% elon-
gato gradatim clavato, 3"° breviore, ult® magno securiformi: la-
biales ad basin externam ligule (cornes, concave, bilobe) sur-
gentes, art? 1™° subflexuoso, 2% longiore apicem versus latiore,
3° latissimo, subhorizontali, supra planato tabellato elongato-
ovali, subtus convexo. Mentwm parvum, corneum, obtriangulare
basi truncatum. Pedes ad basin haud valde distantes ; tibiis ante-
rioribus (preesertim in sexu masculo) arcuatis, anticis in sexu
masculo intus per dimidiam partem apicalem subito et recte auc-
tis et biciliatis, margine interno (inter cilia) gutteeformi concavo ;
tarsis in utroque sexu simplicibus, subtus dense pilosis, posticis
art? 1™° longissimo lineari, 2° et 3° (preesertim héc) brevibus.
A xevos, cavus, et cxeXis, tibia.
A
bo
180 PEDINID#.
So far as I am able to judge from the synopsis given by Lacor-
daire, the insect for which I have established the present genus
would probably enter into his group “ Platyscélides ” of the Pedz-
nide—its eyes (though somewhat arcuate) being entire, or not
divided into two portions by the dilated edges of the clypeus, and its
epistome being straightly truncate in front. Moreover the sexual
peculiarities of the front tibie (although not quite the same as in
Platyscelis) would still further tend perhaps to point out its affinities.
Unfortunately I have no Platyscelis for comparison; but, judg-
ing from the published diagnoses, the Cape Verde insect appears to
differ from it in many important particulars—the more conspicuous
of which are probably its comparatively large scutellum and deve-
loped wings (as in the true Tenebrionide), its small and obtrian-
gular mentum, its simple tarsi in both sexes, its more approximated
posterior coxee, the elongate first joint of its hind feet, and (above
all) the marvellous structure of the enlarged terminal one of its
labial palpi. This last is most peculiar—being subhorizontal (or
placed nearly at right angles to the remainder), extremely flat on
its outer surface, which is somewhat oval, but convex on the under-
side. Its four anterior tibis are curved, particularly in what I con-
clude to be the males; and in that sex the front pair are increased
(or widened) internally throughout rather more than their apical
half by, as it were, a straightened additional piece. This broader
portion, consequently, shapes out at its commencement a kind of
angle with the basal (or narrow) part of the tibia; and (not being
laterally compressed) its two edges, which are furnished with short
cilia, are separated from each other by a hollow groove, or channel,
—a structure which obtains in many of the Rhynchophora.
198. Cenoscelis tibialis, n. sp.
C. lineari-oblonga, nitida, nigra; capite prothoraceque dense sed
vix profunde punctulatis, hoc transverso-quadrato antice paululum
angustiore, ad latera sat grosse marginato, utrinque ad basin (im-
marginatam) sepius obsolete foveolato ; elytris profunde punc-
tato- (aut fere crenato-) striatis, in interstitiis minute punctu-
latis ; antennis (presertim ad basin) pedibusque paulo picescen-
tioribus.
Mas tibiis anterioribus sensim magis arcuatis, anticis intus ut supra
indicatis.—Long. corp. lin. 33-32.
Habitat S. Tago, et Brava; inter quisquilias atque sub lapidibus in
intermediis editioribusque degens.
PHYLACID. 181
Apart from the structural characters (of tibie &c.) above alluded
to, the present insect may be recognized by its rather narrow, linear-
oblong outline, black hue, and shining, somewhat densely punctu-
lated surface. The elytra (in addition to their minute interstitial
punctules) are deeply and coarsely crenate-striated. Its prothorax
is transverse-subquadrate, with the hinder angles right angles, and
about as broad posteriorly as the base of the elytra. It was first
detected by Mr. Gray, during 1864, at a high elevation on the moun-
tains in Brava—in which island we both met with it subsequently,
in considerable abundance: and we likewise found it at S* Catha-
rina, as well as in the Orgaos ravine, in the interior of 8. Iago. It
occurs beneath stones and decaying vegetable refuse, preferring
places which are somewhat damp.
Fam. 45, PHYLACIDA.
Genus 124. MELANOCOMA (nov. gen.).
Corpus magnum, elongato-ovatum, dense rugoso-sculpturatum, bre-
viter pilosum; epistomate valde bilobo (sc. antice profunde emar-
ginato), clypeo ante oculos (laterales, antice emarginatos) rotun-
dato-exstante ; prothorace transverso, antice vix emarginato, pos-
tice bisinuato; scutello sat magno, transverso, semicirculari-
triangulari ; alis nullis; prosternt lobo horizontali, postice cras-
siusculo et paulo producto; mesosterno antice late et leviter
concavo; lobo abdominali (inter coxas posticas) rotundate qua-
drato ; abdominis segmentis 1™° et 2°° in medio leviter longitudi-
naliter impressis, 4'° brevi. Antenne capitis prothoracisque
longitudine, apicem versus vix inerassatee, art? 2° brevi, 3"° valde
elongato. Zabrum corneum, crassum, rotundato-quadratum, ad
latera rotudatum, apice profunde emarginatum et ibidem quasi é
laminis duabus efformatum, lobis ciliatis. Mandibule validissime
(sed haud magne), cornez, crassz, triangulares, apice inflexze et
obtuse bifid, intus in medio fissee, coriacee. Maaxillarum lobis
setoso-pubescentibus, interno ad apicem fortiter uncinato. Pal-
porum art? ult™ in maxillaribus magno securiformi, in labialibus
obovato. Mentum corneum, rotundato-quadratum, basi paulo an-
gustatum, apice integrum, angulis anticis rotundatis. Ligula
brevis, apice paulo emarginata et longissime ciliata. Pedes elon-
gati; tibis dense setulosis, anticis versus apicem vix reliquis
latioribus.
A pédas, niger, et xoun, pilus.
In the structure of their mouth most of these cognate forms
are nearly similar ; but, in spite of that, the present genus is un-
182 PHYLACID#.
questionably distinct from T’richosternum—to which it is neverthe-
less allied. The only member of it hitherto detected is larger
than the T’richosterna, with its elytra more rounded behind the
middle (and, therefore, more narrowed in front),—altogether more
depressed, more densely and roughly sculptured, everywhere pubes-
cent (though particularly on the elytra), with its limbs relatively
longer, and with the anterior tibie slenderer (they being scarcely
more widened than the remaining four). Its prosternum also is
more horizontal, more thickened (and produced) posteriorly, and
less pilose; and its abdominal lobe, between the hinder coxe, is
squarer.
199. Melanocoma vestita, n. sp.
M. elongato-ovata, depressiuscula, atra, ubique breviter et parce
pilosa (pilis in elytris erectis); capite prothoraceque dense, pro-
funde et rugose punctatis, hoe ad latera (argute marginata) in
medio rotundato, basi marginato et bi- (vel fere tri-)sinuato,
angulis posticis acutiusculis; scutello dense ruguloso; elytris
antice angustioribus et ibidem prothoracis latitudine, pone
medium paulo rotundatis, striatis et in interstitiis grosse denseque
tuberculato-asperatis ; antennis pedibusque longiusculis et (pree-
sertim his) dense setoso-pubescentibus.—Long. corp. lin. 73-8.
Habitat Fogo; sub lapidibus in inferioribus intermediisque rarior,
una cum Z'richosterno.
This large Melasome is at once remarkable for its elongate-ovate
outline, its depressed, roughly sculptured, sparingly pubescent surface,
for its limbs being rather elongate, and for its elytra (the short pile
on which is erect) being narrowed anteriorly (where they are of the
same breadth as the base of the prothorax), somewhat rounded be-
hind the middle, and coarsely asperated between their strize with
densely-set tubercles. Its head and prothorax are closely and deeply
punctured. It appears to be very rare, and confined (so far as
hitherto observed) to Fogo—where I met with it, beneath stones, at
the Monte Nucho and Pico Pires. It occurs, however, in the lower
districts likewise; for Mr. Gray obtained the mutilated remains of
it on the top of the basaltic sea-cliffs immediately above the Porto
da Luz.
Genus 125. TRICHOSTERNUM.
Wollaston, Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 205 (1861).
Corpus sat magnum, fere oblongum; epistomate profunde bilobo,
clypeo ante oculos (laterales, antice valde emarginatos) rotundato-
exstante ; prothorace transyerso, antice leviter emarginato, postice
PHYLACID. 183
bisinuato; scutello sat magno, transverso, semicirculari-triangulari;
alis nullis ; prosterni lobo subhorizontali, valde setoso ; mesosterno
antice late et leviter concayo ; lobo abdominali (inter coxas posticas)
rotundato; abdominis segmento 4° breyi. Antenne, instrumenta
cibaria et pedes fere ut in Melanocoma, sed tibiis anticis magis ro-
bustis, latioribus, interdum ad angulum externum conspicue am-
pliatis.
This genus, so universal throughout the Cape Verdes, may be said
to represent in that archipelago Hadrus of the Madeiran Group ; but
it has no analogue in the Canaries. It is indeed very near to Hadrus—
from which it mainly differs in its setose and sharply margined pro-
sternal lobe, less baid surface (at any rate towards the sides of the
elytra), and more robust limbs, the anterior tibiee especially being
more conspicuously widened. The structure, too, of its upper lip and
mentum is not quite the same as in //adrus; and its scutellum is
rather more triangular, or less abbreviated. The T’richosterna seem
to be truly endemic in the Cape Verde archipelago, occurring in every
island which has yet been explored; but the three species from the
more northern islands (of 8. Antao, 8. Vicente, and 8. Nicolao) belong
to a somewhat larger, and slightly different, type from the one which
permeates the three southern islands of S. Iago, Fogo, and Brava*.
200. Trichosternum tenebricosum.
T. oblongo-ovatum, conyexum, nigrum, subopacum; capite grosse
punctato ; prothorace (preesertim in disco) minus grosse subaspe-
rato-punctato, adlatera granulato-rugoso, angulis posticis acutius-
culis ; scutello dense ruguloso-punctato ; elytris minute et parce
asperato-tuberculatis, distincte et late sed vix profunde striatis (aut
sulcatis) interstitiis obtuse convexis, versus utrumque latus parce
et suberecte fulvo setosis; antennis pedibusque piceis.—Long.
corp. lin. 6-7.
Phylax validus, Dey. (ined.).
Caragonia canariensis, Retche (ined. ? ).
Opatrum tenebricosum, Erich., in Wiegm. Archiv, ix. 246 (1843),
Trichosternum striatum, Woll., loc. cit. 206 (1861).
Habitat 8. Vicente; sub lapidibus ab ora maritima usque ad summos
montes ascendens.
This is the common 7'richosternum in 8. Vicente, where it is locally
* Concerning the affinities of Trichosternum, Lacordaire, to whom (in 1861)
I forwarded the 7. tenebricosum for his opinion, wrote as follows :—“ Cet insecte
est nouveau; il rentre dans les Opatrides du groupe des Phylacides, ot il doit
former un genre particulier parmi ceux qui ont les yeux incompletement divisés.
Je le placerais par conséquent immédiatement avant les Hadrus.”
184. PHYLACID.
abundant (beneath stones) from the sea-level to the tops of the moun-
tains. Although quite as large as the melanarium, it is relatively a
trifle shorter and thicker, and has its elytra conspicuously, though
obtusely, suleated, and (in unrubbed specimens) studded towards
either side with longer robust sete. Its scutellum is more densely
sculptured ; and its whole surface is often a good deal incrusted with
a kind of earthy deposit, which causes it to look less black than it
really is. It appears to haye been taken by everybody who has col-
lected in 8. Vicente—including Mr. Miller, Mr. Fry, Captain Hutton,
Mr. Gray, the Rev. Hamlet Clark, the Rev. R. T. Lowe, and myself;
and it was obtained from thence by the Barao do Castello de Paiva.
It has long been known in European collections under the MS. name
of “ Phylax validus, De}. ;” and I have received it from Paris as the
** Caragonia canariensis, Reiche ;” but even if the latter had been
published (which, I believe, it has not), it would still be absolutely
necessary to change the specific title—the insect having nothing what-
ever to do with the Canarian Group, and indeed being confined to the
single island of 8. Vicente even at the Cape Verdes*.
201. Trichosternum melanarium.
T. oblongo-oyatum, nigrum, subopacum; capite grosse punctato ;
prothorace (preesertim in disco) minus grosse punctato, ad latera
granulato-rugoso, angulis posticis acutis ; scutello parce ruguloso-
punctato; elytris minute et parce tuberculatis, fere stris carenti-
bus (se., oculo armato, striolis indistinctis tenuibus, interdum sub-
undulatis et laxe subpunctatis, longitudinaliter notatis) ac paulo
transversim rugulosis, versus utrumque latus parce, breviter et
suberecte subnigro setulosis; antennis pedibusque piceis.
Variat elytrorum striis vel omnino, vel solum alternis, obsoletis, in-
terstitiis vel simplicibus vel obsoletissime (vix perspicue) subele-
vatis.—Long. corp. lin. 53-7.
Opatrum melanarium, Erich.,in Wiegm. Archiv, ix. 246 (1843).
Habitat 8. Antao; preecipue in intermediis editioribusque occurrens.
Obs.—Species T. tenebricoso plerumque subangustior minusque
crassa; prothorace subdensius punctato, angulis (preesertim pos-
* This is only another instance of the miserable want of accuracy, as regards
habitat, which has been indicated in the material received by me at various
times from Paris. Nearly every Canarian species hitherto communicated has
been labelled ‘‘ Teneriffe ;’ and it would really seem as if they were not aware
that there are seven large islands in the Canarian archipelago, differing widely
from each other in their respective faunas, and that Teneriffe is only one of
them. Pernicious however as this practice is of specifying a particular locality,
for which there is no kind of evidence (—instead of merely asserting the island-
Group), it is absolutely nothing to the citing of a wrong archipelago, and then
applying a trivial name as though to stereotype the very error itseif!
PHYLACIDA. 185
ticis) acutioribus ; scutello minus crebre sculpturato ; elytrisque
haud aut vix striatis (sc. striolis tenuibus subobsoletis, ut supra
indicatum est, notatis), necnon versus latera setulis brevioribus ac
minus fulvis adspersis.
The 7. melanarium is the universal T'richosternum in 8. Antao ;
and, as in the case of the Owycara peculiar to that island, it is per-
haps a little more variable in its exact sculpture than any of the others
hitherto detected. It seems to occur principally in the intermediate
and higher elevations, and was taken by Dr. H. Dohrn in the northern
districts, and by Mr. Gray and myself in the Ribeira Fria, the Ribeira
das Patas, &e., of the interior. On the average, perhaps, it is (rela-
tively) a little more elongate, and less thickened, than the last species ;
and, from being less covered with a scaly deposit, it has the appear-
ance of being blacker. Its prothorax is, if anything, a trifle more
densely (and sometimes more lightly) punctured, and has its angles,
particularly the hinder ones, usually rather more acute ; its scutellum
is less closely sculptured ; and its elytra are nearly free from striz.
The surface of the latter, however, varies within narrow limits, and
probably presents some slight modification for almost every locality
in which the species is found. Occasionally there are obscure traces
of longitudinal sulci (or, which amounts to the same thing, of very
faintly elevated interstitial lines); but in most instances these are
quite absent. At times a few exceedingly fine, thread-like strie are
appreciable, along which we may often detect some elongate, remote,
ill-defined punctules ; and in this latter case the stric have rather a
waved appearance. At others the alternate ones only of these last-
mentioned striz are clearly distinguishable, the remainder being sub-
obsolete. The surface of the elytra is generally a little wrinkled
transversely, and its minute and distant granules are perhaps
still smaller (or less raised) than those of the tenebricosum;
and the suberect hairs, or sete, towards the sides, are considerably
shorter.
I am satisfied that the present Zvichosternuwm is conspecific with
the Opatrum.melanarium of Erichson,—the late Dr. Schaum having
communicated to me types of the latter (as well as of the O. tenebri-
cosum)*.
* T need not repeat here what I have stated concerning the Oxycara hege-
teroides and pedinoides; for the present Trichosternum and the T. tenebricosum
are so unmistakeably endemic in the Cape Verde archipelago, and indeed so
confined to their respective zs/ands (S. Antao and S. Vicente), that it would be
absurd to infer (on account of their having been enumerated amongst Erichson’s
supposed ‘“ Angolan ” Coleoptera) that they have anything whatever to do with
Angola.
186 PHYLACIDA.
202. Trichosternum nicolense, n. sp.
T. preecedenti simile, sed prothorace paululum angustiore, multo le-
vius sculpturato (punctulis minoribus et asperatis, discalibus fere
obsoletis, aut potius in granula imbricata mergentibus), angulis
(preesertim posticis) minus productis; elytris versus latera setis
fulvescentibus sensim longioribus (ut in 7’. tenebricoso) obsitis ;
pedibus densius setosis, setis magis fulvescentibus.—Long. corp.
lin. 5-6.
Habitat 8. Nicolao; in montibus excelsis 4 Dom. Gray et Rev® R.
T. Lowe sub lapidibus copiose captum.
It is not impossible that this Trichosternum may be but a permanent
insular modification, peculiar to 8. Nicolao, of the last species; but
if that be the case we should almost be compelled to admit that the
tenebricosum was, in like manner, a 8. Vicente phasis of the same
type. Such a conclusion, however, would be purely conjectural ; and
as the three forms in question are most readily distinguishable from
each other, and can never be confounded (on account of each having
its own island for a habitat), I think it would be most unwise, in the
absence of all evidence for a solution of the problem, to attempt to
unite them.
The 7’. nicolense was taken, beneath stones, by Mr. Gray and the
Rey. R. T. Lowe, in February 1864, towards the summit of Monte
Gordo, in S. Nicolao ; and it appears to have been most abundant, for
Mr. Gray informs me that he has seldom met with any insect in such
absolute profusion. It differs from the melanariwm in its prothorax
being usually a trifle narrower, with the angles (particularly the
hinder ones) less porrected and acute, and with the punctures re-
duced, especially on the disk, to a comparatively diminutive size—
and (from being obliquely impinged) taking the form rather of im-
bricated granules, or minute asperated wrinkles. The suberect hairs
with which it is studded on either side are longer (indeed almost as
long as in the tenebricosum), and the sete of its legs are both more
dense and more fulvescent.
203. Trichosternum granulosum, n. sp.
T. breviter et obtuse oblongum, nigrum, opacum, et setulis brevissi-
mis fulvescentibus ubique, sed presertim versus latera, parce irro-
ratum; capite prothoraceque grosse et rugose tuberculato-punctato-
asperatis, epistomate a clypeo distincte separato, prothorace ad
latera eequaliter rotundato; scutello dense ruguloso-punctato ;
elytris ubique densissime granulosis granulisque paulo majoribus
parce obsitis, necnon punctis levissimis obsoletissimis (vix obser-
OPATRID. 187
vandis) interdum irroratis, plus minus evidenter tenuissime sub-
punctulato-striatis, interstitiis rarius subconyexis ; antennis pedi-
busque piceis, his dense setosis, tibiis anticis robustis et ad apicem
externum in angulum magnum exstantem sublamelliformem
ampliatis.—Long. corp. lin. 4-53.
Habitat 8. Iago, Fogo, et Brava; in inferioribus intermediisque vul-
gare.
This is the universal Trichosternum of S. Iago, Fogo, and Brava ;
and, although varying a little within narrow limits, I cannot see that
it presents any permanent modifications (for the several islands) of
sufficient importance to be worth recording. Itis asmaller and more
oval (or shortly-oblong) insect than the preceding three ; its head and
prothorax are denselyroughened with imbricated tubercles (occasioned
by coarse punctures being obliquely impinged, so as to be lost, or con-
fused, by the asperated anterior edges); its elytra are closely and
minutely granulose, and very delicately and lightly marked with sub-
punctulated striz ; and its anterior tibie are relatively more robust
—their external apex being produced into a large, triangular, some-
what compressed or lamelliform, outwardly-directed tooth. Its pro-
thorax is about as wide as the elytra, and regularly rounded at the
sides, and its entire surface is besprinkled (more evidently so towards
the edges) with exceedingly short, suberect, fulvescent sete. It oc-
curs at low and intermediate elevations, especially the latter, and was
taken by Mr. Gray and myself in the three islands to which I have
above alluded. From Fogo it has also been obtained by the Bardo
do Castello de Paiva.
Fam. 46. OPATRIDZ.
Genus 126. OPATRUM.
Fabricius, Syst. Ent. 76 (1775).
(Subgenus Gonocephalum, Muls.)
§ I. Ocult antice genis profunde secti: tarsi in utroque sexu simplices.
204. Opatrum patruele.
O. alatum, parallelo-oblongum, dense fulyo squamoso-pubescens ;
capite rugoso-punctato et tuberculato, genis ante oculos valde am-
pliato-exstantibus, subangulatis; prothorace argute sed haud dense
tuberculato (tuberculis prima facie puncta simulantibus), ad latera
subeequaliter rotundato, postice vix angustiore, postice in medio
plus minus evidenter oblique biimpresso; elytris profunde punc-
188 OPATRIDE.
tato-striatis, in interstitiis granulis minutis (punctula simulantibus)
parce irroratis.
Variat plus minus lutoso tectum.—Long. corp. lin. 43—vix 6.
Opatrum patruele (Dej.), Erich., in Wiegm. Archiv, ix. 248 (1843).
, Woll., Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 204 (1861).
Habitat 8. Vicente, S. Nicolao, S. Iago, Fogo, et Brava; sub lapidibus
in aridis (seepius inferioribus) hine inde copiosissime congregans.
This large and parallel Opatrwm—which may be further known by
its broad and prominent gene, by its prothorax being more or less
evidently marked behind with two oblique, shallow, central impres-
sions, and by its surface being often a good deal incrusted with brown-
ish, mud-like scales—appears to be extremely abundant in the Cape -
Verde archipelago, where we may expect that it will be ascertained
ultimately to be universal. It occurs for the most part in arid spots
of a low elevation, especially towards the coast, and was taken by Mr.
Gray and myself in 8. Iago, Fogo, and Brava, and by Mr. Gray (on
previous occasions) in S. Vicente and 8. Nicolao. In §. Vicente it
has been likewise captured by Mr. Miller and Mr. A. Fry.
IT have little doubt’ that the present Opatrum is the O. patruele,
described in Erichson’s Paper on (supposed) ‘* Angolan” Coleoptera ;
and if so, it is stated by him to occur hkewise in Senegal. Itis ex-
ceedingly close to my O. lutoswm, which abounds in the eastern islands
of the Canarian Group ; but it is on the average a good deal larger,
with its elytra a little more coarsely punctate-striate, and with its
gene (or the dilated edges of its clypeus) perhaps a trifle broader and
more prominent*.
§ II. Oculi antice genis valde profunde secti (fere divisi): tarsi
secundum sexum diversi.
205. Opatrum clavipes, n. sp.
O. alatum, parallelo-oblongum, dense subfulvo squamoso-pubescens ;
capite rugoso-punctato et tuberculato, genis juxta oculos obtusius
minusque exstantibus, rotundatis ; prothorace argute et dense tu-
berculato, equali, ad latera subeequaliter rotundato, angulis ipsis-
simis posticis fere subprominulis ; elytris profunde punctato-stria-
tis, in interstitiis granulis minutis (punctula simulantibus) parce
irroratis.
* If the Opatrwm described above should prove hereafter to be distinct from
Erichson’s patruele, 1 would then propose for it the name of /utulentwm ; for, as
T have already given a full and formal diagnosis of it, I feel that I have a right
to anticipate any such contingency.
OPATRID®. 189
Mas tarsorum anticorum art? ult™? extus in medio in lobum tubercu- .
liformem producto.—Long. corp. lin. 31-4.
Opatrum prolixum ?, Erich., in Wiegm. Arch. ix. 248 (1843).
Habitat 8. Antao, 8. Vicente, 8. Iago, Fogo, et Brava; in locis simi-
libus ac preecedens, sed multo rarius.
In its parallel outline and general sculpture this Opatrwm has much
in common with the preceding one ; but in other respects it is totally
dissimilar. Thus it is considerably smaller and rather less convex,
its prothorax is more densely tubercled, and its eyes are still more
deeply cut (indeed almost divided) by the genee—which consequently
appear (when viewed from above) to be carried along the outer mar-
gin of the eye to quite its middle point, and to be also more rounded
(or less prominent and anguliform) than is the case in the patruele.
But its main peculiarity (and it is an extremely anomalous one) con-
sists in the terminal joint of the two front tarsi of its male sex, which
is curiously developed on its outer side into a large central tubercle or
node. It isa structure altogether unprecedented in any Coleopterous
form which I have hitherto seen—and one moreover which is so ex-
traordinary that, did it not exist (without any appreciable variation)
in all the males (nine in number) which are now before me, I might
have been disposed to regard it as the result of some abnormal deve-
lopment, or monstrosity.
The O. clavipes appears to be quite as widely spread as the patruele,
and to be found in much the same places—beneath stones in hot, arid
spots of a low (but sometimes intermediate) altitude. I have taken
it in 8. Vicente, 8S. Iago, Fogo, and Brava; and it was found by Dr.
H. Dohrn in S$. Antao, and by Mr. Gray and Mr. Miller in 8. Vicente ;
whilst from Fogo it has lately been received by the Bardo do Castello
de Paiva.
Judging from the diagnosis, I think it is not at all improbable that
this Opatrum is the O. proliawm—described amongst Erichson’s sup-
posed “ Angolan ” Coleoptera ; for although I formerly received from
Schaum two examples of the following species as Erichson’s proliaum,
I suspect that there was some error in Schaum’s identification, and
that the prolixum is far more likely to be referable to the present one.
With this uncertainty, however, it would be extremely rash to adopt
for it actually the name of proliaum (particularly since Erichson
makes no mention whatsoever of its few distinctive features, one of
which is truly anomalous) ; but I mention the possibility, in the event
of Erichson’s types being at any future time accessible for comparison.
190 OPATRID®.
If it should turn out to be the prolivum, I may add that the species
is stated by Erichson to occur likewise in Senegal and Egypt.
206. Opatrum hispidum.
O. alatum, elongato-oblongum, antice vix subattenuatum, dense et
grosse griseo squamoso-pubescens (sed rarius lutosum); capite
grosse punctato, genis juxta oculos (magnos) obtuse angustissime-
que exstantibus, vix rotundatis ; prothorace dense et rugose punec-
tato, eequali, ad latera minus rotundato, antice subangustiore,
angulis acutis; elytris profunde punctato-striatis, in interstitiis
crebre transversim rugulosis punctulisque minutissimis (2gerrime
observandis) parce irroratis.
Mas tarsorum intermediorum art? 1™° subtus retrorsum pectinato-
setoso.—Long. corp. lin. 33-53.
Opatrum tomentosum, Dej., Cat. (édit. 3) 214 (1837).
—— hispidum, Brullé, in Webb et Berth. ( Col.) 68 (1838).
virgatum ?, Hrich., in Wiegm. Archiv, ix. 248 (1843).
fuseum, Woll. [nec Herbst |, Ins. Mad. 500, tab. xi. f. 1 (1854).
, Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 156 (1857).
,Id., Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 204 (1861).
hispidum, Jd., Cat. Can. Col. 488 (1864).
, Id., Col. Atl. 413 (1865).
Habitat 8. Antao, 8S. Vicente, 8S. Nicolao, 8. Iago, Fogo, et Brava;
longe lateque diffusum.
There is no insect more widely spread over the whole of these
Atlantic archipelagos than the present Opatrum. It has been taken
in the Azores, as well as in the five islands of the Madeiran Group,
and in the seven Canarian ones; and we may be pretty sure that it is
equally universal in the Cape Verdes, it having been met with in
every island which has hitherto been explored. It was captured by
Mr. Gray and myself in 8. Antao, 8S. Vicente, 8. Iago, Fogo, and
Brava; and Mr. Gray also obtained it (during 1864) in 8S. Nicolao.
From §8. Vicente it has likewise been communicated by Mr. Miller
and Mr. A. Fry; and in all probability it will be found to have an
extended African range, since it is stated by Erichson to occur in
Senegal and Egypt.
The O. hispidum belongs to a slightly different type from that of the
two preceding species,—being rather less parallel in outline, or with
a faint tendency to be narrowed (instead of somewhat widened) an-
teriorly ; its pubescence is a little longer and coarser; and its sur-
face is punctured (instead of being tuberculose), and is seldom so
much incrusted with mud-like scales. Its eyes, moreover, are rela-
tively larger than in either of the other Opatra here enumerated ;
and although the gene cut very deeply into them (as in the case of
OPATRID. 191
the clavipes), the former are still less developed, and less rounded
outwards—appearing, when viewed from above, as a mere narrow
strip extending to about the middle of the eye. There is a sexual
peculiarity, however, in the O. hispidum to which I called attention
in the ‘Ins. Mad.” and again in my Canarian Catalogue—but
which I cannot see has been noticed elsewhere, or is paralleled
in any other species hitherto described. This consists in the first
joint of the intermediate feet of the males being pectinated beneath
with backwardly-directed bristles*.
I received examples of this Opatrum from the late Dr. Schaum as
the “0. prolixum,” described in Erichson’s Paper on supposed “ An-
golan’’ Coleoptera; but, judging from the diagnoses, I am almost
satisfied that it belongs rather to the next of Erichson’s species—
the O. virgatum—and that Schaum was consequently mistaken in his
identification of it. But whichever of Erichson’s species this one
may represent, it is of no importance as regards the name; for the
title proposed by M. Brullé has the priority.
Genus 127. HALONOMUS.
Wollaston, Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 201 (1861).
Corpus oblongo-ovale, obtusum, convexum ; ¢lypeo ante oculos subito
rotundato-exstante ac paulo elevato, epistomate antice profunde
emarginato, oculis lateralibus, emarginatis sed haud divisis ; protho-
race transverso, basi coleopterorum latitudine et ibidem bisinuato,
angulis posticis paulo productis sed haud acutis ; scutello magno,
late triangulari; elytris liberis ; alis magnis ; sternis abdomineque
fere ut in Opatro, sed lobo prosternali horizontali et paulo magis
producto, necnon mesosterno antice argute triangulariter exciso
(nec mere concayo). Antenne capitis prothoracisque longitudine,
basi graciles, art’ 5 ulterioribus gradatim crassioribus. Pedes sub-
graciles: tibiis minute setulosis, apice breviter bicalcaratis, anticis
vix dilatatis, sed ad angulum externum in denticulum spiniformem
productis : tarszs filiformibus, posterioribus (sed preesertim posticis)
art? 1™° longiusculo.
The insect for which (in 1861) I established this genus is the He-
terophaga ovata of Dejean’s Catalogue; and its undilated anterior
* If Erichson’s O. prolixum and virgatum should be conspecific with the
hispidum and clavipes of this volume (and there is no doubt whatever that, at
any rate, the prolixwm is identical with one of them), it is remarkable that
Erichson should have entirely overlooked the anomalous tarsal peculiarity
which the male sex of each species possesses! But as it is the custom of conti-
nental entomologists not to se¢-owt their specimens as we do in this country, it
frequently happens that they never see the limbs (critically) at al? when deseri-
bing them; so that perhaps this omission is not to be wondered at.
192 OPATRID.
tibiz, combined with the general details of its structure, show it to
be a member of the ‘* Opatrides vrais.” Indeed Erichson cited it as
an actual Opatrum; but it has too many discrepancies with the mem-
bers of that group to allow of its being united to them. Thus, the
Halonomi are not only shorter, more oval, less sculptured, and more
convex than the Opatra, but their legs are likewise less robust, and
their anterior tibiw have the outer apical angle produced into a small
prominent spine. Their antenne also are rather more clavate at the
apex, their upper lip is entire in front, their prosternal lobe is a little
more developed and less deflexed (being in fact horizontal, and at its
extreme point even suberect), their mesosternum is triangularly and
sharply cut out in the centre (instead of being simply concave), and
the construction of their mentum and ligula is different*.
207. Halonomus ovatus.
H., oblongo-ovalis, convexus, fusco-niger, subopacus, setulis brevibus
demissis cinereis irroratus ; capite prothoraceque (presertim illo)
dense et subrugulose punctatis, ad latera explanate recurvis et pi-
cescentioribus, hoc transverso, basi (coleopterorum latitudine) bi-
sinuato et marginato; scutello picescente, calvo, dense ruguloso-
punctato ; elytris leviter subpunctato-striatis, in interstitiis obso-
lete subrugulosis et minute parce punctulatis ; antennis piceo-fer-
rugineis, ad apicem dilutioribus ; pedibus ineequaliter ferrugineo-
piceis, tibiis anticis ad angulum externum spiniformi-productis.—
Long. corp. lin. 23-3.
Heterophaga ovata, Dej., Cat. (édit. 3) 220 (1837).
Opatrum ovatum, Erich., in Wiegm. Archiv, ix. 249 (1843).
Halonomus Grayii, Woll., Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 205 (1861).
Habitat 8. Vicente ; in salinis juxta mare, necnon circa radices plan-
tarum in colliculis arenosis crescentium fodiens, hine inde yul-
garis.
A saline insect of a rather wide geographical range—having been
found in Sicily (and it will doubtless occur elsewhere throughout Me-
diterranean latitudes) and at Senegal. In these islands it has been
observed hitherto only in 8. Vicente ; but we may expect to meet with
it in the eastern portion of the Group, and indeed wherever there are
* Although perfectly satisfied concerning the affinities of Halonomus, I never-
theless a few years ago transmitted my Canarian H. salinicola to Lacordaire for
his opinion; and, in reply, he wrote as follows:—‘“ Vous avez parfaitement reconnu
la place de cet insecte. I] appartient en effet a ce groupe dont j’ai parlé (p. 269)
dans les notes relatives au genre Opatrum, en citant, comme en faisant partie,
l Heterophaga ovata de Dejean dont vous me parlez. C’est done aussi un genre
nouveau du groupe des Opatrides vrais.’’ The “ note” to which Lacordaire re-
ferred is in the fifth volume of his ‘ Genera des Coléopteres.’
STIZOPIDA. 193
salt places to afford the necessary conditions for its existence. InS.
Vicente it is decidedly common, occurring in brackish spots to the
south of Porto Grande—not merely about the Salterns which have
been dug in the low flats behind the sea-beach, but likewise (in com-
pany with the Ammidium ciliatum &c.) amongst the loose sand which
has accumulated into hillocks around the dwarf Tamarisks, and the
plants of Zygophyllum, which characterize that tract. It may be
known by its rather thick and obtuse body, oblong-oval outline,
brownish-black hue, and by the short and decumbent whitish hairs,
or minute sete, with which it is everywhere besprinkled. Its head
and prothorax (the latter of which is subrecurved at the sides, and
about as broad behind as the base of the elytra) are somewhat coarsely
punctured, and piceous at the edges ; its elytra are very lightly punc-
tate-striate, with the interstices sparingly studded with diminutive
punctules ; its wings are largely developed ; its limbs are slender, and
more or less piceo-ferruginous ; and its anterior tibize have their outer
angle produced into a small spiniform projection, or tooth.
The H. ovatus was taken by Mr. Gray and the Rey. Hamlet Clark,
in 1856, and subsequently by Mr. Fry and Captain Hutton; and
during our late campaign we met with it in considerable profusion.
Although when describing it, in 1861, I was fully aware that it re-
presented Dejean’s Heterophaga ovata, I nevertheless did not know
that Erichson had (in 1843) enunciated it as an Opatrum, under the
trivial name given in Dejean’s Catalogue. Hence it was (feeling in
nowise bound to any mere Catalogue-name) that I proposed for it the
specific title of Grayii—which must of course be suppressed, Erich-
son’s “ ovatus” having the priority *.
Fam. 47. STIZOPIDZE.
Genus 128. AMMIDIUM.
Erichson, in Wiegm. Archiv, ix. 250 (1845).
(= Eremonomus, Woll., 1861.)
Corpus breviter rotundato-ovale, convexum; clypeo ante oculos
* The 7. ovatusis so closely allied to a species which I met with in great abun-
dance in the Canarian archipelago (namely, at the Salinas in the north of Lan-
zarote) that I cannot feel perfectly satisfied that the latter, which I described under
the trivial name of sa/znicola, is more than a permanent geographical modification
of it. Still, since its characters (such as they are) are always very appreciable,
T have not thought it prudent to regard the two as absolutely conspecific. The
H. salinicola differs from the ovatus in its elytra being very much more distinctly,
and sharply, punctate-striate, and a little less wrinkled,—in its limbs being a trifle
shorter, the third (and one or two following) joints of its antenne (which are
darker at the tip) being perceptibly more abbreviate,—in its prothorax being
O
194 STIZOPIDA.
subito rotundato-exstante ac paulo elevato, epistomate antice vix
emarginato, oculis lateralibus, emarginatis sed haud divisis ; pro-
thorace valde transvyerso, basi circiter coleopterorum latitudine et
ibidem subsinuate truncato, angulis posticis rotundate obtusis sed
argute determinatis ; scutello sat magno, late triangulari; elytris
ventricosis, liberis; alis sat magnis. Antenne capitis protho-
racisque longitudine, basi graciles, arts 5 ulterioribus gradatim
crassioribus. Zabrum submembranaceum, transverso-subquadra-
tum, ad latera et prsertim ad angulos anticos rotundatum, apice
leviter emarginatum. Mandibule valide, triangulares, ad apicem
(saltem in una) obtuse bifidee, intus fissee et coriacee. Maxillarum
lobi apice setoso-pubescentes, internus biuncinatus. Palpi mawil-
lares elongati, art°® ult® securiformi, Jabiales filiformes. Mentwm
transverso-quadratum, ad latera rectum, antice latissime sed haud
profunde emarginatum. Ligula ad basin tegumento submembra-
naceo connexiyo cum mento conjuncta, cornea, robusta, subcordata,
angulis anticis fortiter setoso ciliatis. Pedes robusti: tibiis forti-
ter setulosis et muricatis, apice breviter bicalearatis ; anticzs late
triangulariter dilatatis, compressis, margine externo ante medium
profunde eroso, dentes duos magnos obtusos plus minus irregulares
efformante, intus (intra apicem externum) concavis, tarsos inter
otium reponendos recipientibus: tarsis filiformibus, posterioribus
(sed preesertim posticis) art? 1™° longiusculo.
I have not the slightest doubt that the insect from which I have
compiled the above structural diagnosis is the Ammidium ciliatum,
established in Erichson’s paper on supposed ‘* Angolan ”’ Coleoptera ;
for it agrees precisely both with the generic and specific descriptions
of the latter ; and I have therefore suppressed the name of Hremono-
mus, under which I reenunciated it in 1861.
Lacordaire appears to have fallen into a slight error, or confusion,
concerning it; for when I forwarded it to him, for inspection, after
his volume on the Heteromera had been finished, he returned it as a
new genus belonging to the subfamily St:zopides of the Opatride. I
have no doubt that its location thereabouts is correct, and this is the
more probable since it was referred to the Opatride by Erichson like-
wise ; but Lacordaire (in his ‘ Genera’) places Ammidiwm amongst
the Platyscelides of the Pedinide—a step, however, which is very
pardonable, seeing that he distinctly records that he had only a single
example from which to judge. But I strongly suspect that some mis-
take must have arisen concerning that example which had been com-
municated to him as haying been determined by Erichson, and that
it did not belong to Ammidium at all; for, had it been a genuine type,
somewhat less deeply punctured,—in its clypeus being a trifle less prominent im-
mediately in front of either eye,—and in its body being, if anything, perhaps, a
little shorter and more obtuse, with the decumbent setz still more minute.
STIZOPIDA. 195
he would not only have identified the specimens which I subsequently
sent to him (instead of regarding them as new), but he would like-
wise have come to the same conclusion about its affinities as he did
with mine—instead of assigning it to the Pedinide. And this is still
further borne out by the fact that he states (amongst the “ corrigenda”)
in his Appendix that Ammidium must be removed into the Zrachy-
scelide (!) and united with Anemia—a well-known group which has
scarcely anything in common with the careful and accurate diagnosis
of Ammidium as defined by Erichson. I think it is extremely pro-
bable, therefore, that the insect which was communicated to Lacor-
daire as Erichson’s Ammidium was in reality my genus Pseudanemia
—which is taken in the same locality, and which might have been
accidentally confounded with it*.
208. Ammidium ciliatum.
A. convexum, ferrugineum, subnitidum, in limbo pilis griseo-cinereis
longe ciliatum ; capite prothoraceque dense asperato-granulatis,
hoc transverso, ubique tenuiter marginato, ad latera rotundato et
leviter explanato ; elytris ventricosis, versus humeros rotundatis,
subtilius parciusque granulatis (aut asperato-punctatis) setulisque
brevibus demissis cinereis (interdum sublineato-interruptis) 1rro-
ratis; pedibus muricatis, tibiis anticis latis, extus plus minus grosse
irregulariter bidentatis.—Long. corp. lin. 2-23.
Ammidium ciliatum, Erich., loc. cit. 251 (1845).
Eremonomus Huttoni, Woll., Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 200 (1861).
Habitat 8. Vicente; in aridis subsalinis, et preecipue circa radices
plantarum in colliculis arenosis mox pone oram maritimam cres-
centium, fodiens.
The short, rounded-oval outline of this convex and pale-ferruginous
insect, combined with its somewhat asperate sculpture, the abbre-
viated, depressed, whitish hairs, or minute sete, with which its elytra
are besprinkled, the fine elongate cilia which fringe its lateral edges,
its roughened legs, and its broad, externally-bidentate anterior tibie,
will readily distinguish it. It is subsaline, sand-infesting, and fos-
sorial in its habits—as indeed its pallid hue, ciliated sides, and the
* Ammidium appears to have puzzled others besides Lacordaire. Duval (at
p. 287 of his ‘Genera des Coléopt.’) very properly doubts the conclusion
arrived at by Lacordaire, that it should be united to Anemia, stating that the
securiform last joint of its maxillary palpi, and its various other details as enu-
merated in Erichson’s diagnosis, would seem to prevent its amalgamation with
that group. And, indeed, had Lacordaire judged also from the diagnosis only,
he could not have united it with Axemia; but on the supposition (alluded to
above) that he had received as Ammidiwm my genus Pseudanemia (which is
taken in company with it), and contented himself with this sepposed type, instead
of the description, his mistake would be at once intelligible.
0 2
196 TRACHYSCELID®.
structure of its legs would at once lead us to anticipate; residing in
sandy places behind the sea-beach, though not generally on the actual
shore. Hitherto it has been observed only in 8. Vicente, where it was
captured abundantly by myself and Mr. Gray on the hillocks of loose
drifted sand (about a mile to the south of Porto Grande) which have
accumulated around the various plants (particularly Zygophyllum
Fontanesii and the low shrubs of Tamarisk) which stud that arid
tract. We may expect to meet with it in, at all events, the opposite
island of 8. Antéo—where there are sandy spots, about a mile or two
to the south of Carvoeiros, which seem to afford every condition for
its occurrence.
A few mutilated examples of this insect were taken, in 1857, by
Captain F. W. Hutton, who touched at S. Vicente on his outward
route to Calcutta. I have already mentioned that I was induced to
describe them as new, through the fact of Lacordaire (to whom I sent
them for inspection) having failed to identify them with Erichson’s
genus Ammidium; but as I am now quite satisfied that they are
generically and specifically coincident with the A. ciliatum, I have
suppressed the title which (in 1861) I proposed for them*.
Fam, 48, TRACHYSCELIDZ.
Genus 129. ANEMIA.
De Casteln., Hist. Nat. des Col. ii. 218 (1841).
209. Anemia crassa, 0. sp.
A. oblonga, crassa, nigra (aut subpiceo-nigra), subnitida, in limbo
longe fulvo-ciliata; capite prothoraceque (presertim illo) dense
subrugoso-punctatis, epistomate profunde bilobo (lobis rotundatis,
obtusis, apice paululum subrecurvis), hoe valde transverso, ad latera
rotundato, postice gradatim angustiore, angulis posticis obtusis sed
argute determinatis; scutello scutiformi, levi; elytris profundius
parciusque punctatis, transversim rugosis et obsoletissime (vix per-
spicue) longitudinaliter substriatis ; antennis brevibus, rufo-piceis ,
* Having already been compelled to do the same in so many similar instances,
I need scarcely call attention to the fact that the Ammdiwm ciliatum has
nothing to do (we may feel tolerably sure) with “Angola.” The unfortunate
mistakes into which Erichson was led through a quantity of Cape Verde species
having been mixed up with those from Angola, and the whole having been enu-
merated by him as coming from the latter locality, has resulted in a series of
geographical misrepresentations which, having been once published, it will be
difficult ever to neutralize. The Ammidium ciliatum (although totally un-
known in collections) is invariably cited as an Angolan insect, and perhaps
such will always be the case; yet there is no reason to suspect that it has ever
yet been taken except in the single island of 8. Vicente.
TRACHYSCELID2. 197
pedibus robustis, piceis, tibiis anticis latissimis extus fortiter biden-
tatis, posterioribus extus ineequalibus, versus basin dente spiniformi
armatis et ad apicem in alterum multo majorem productis.—Long.
corp. lin. 33.
Habitat 8. Vicente, 8. Nicolao, 8. Iago, et Fogo; sub lapidibus in in-
ferioribus intermediisque, rarissima.
Apparently very rare, though widely distributed over the archi-
pelago, occurring at low and (I believe, more particularly) interme-
diate altitudes. Ihave seen but four examples of it hitherto,—one
of which I captured on the summit of a rounded hill in 8. Vicente,
about a mile from Porto Grande, another (dead) in 8. Iago (in the
palm-grove adjoining the eastern outskirts of the Villa da Praia), and
a third at the Monte Nucho in Fogo; whilst the fourth was taken by
Mr. Gray in 8. Nicoléo. Itis found beneath stones, and appears to
be solitary in its habits,—a single specimen residing in a small hole,
or excavation, into which its powerfully dentate fossorial tibize enable
it to burrow.
The A. crassa may be known by its thick, obtuse, and parallel-ob-
long body, black (or somewhat piceous-black) hue, and by its coarsely
punctured surface—the punctures being rather larger, and more re-
mote, on the elytra than on the head and prothorax. _ Its prothorax
is rounded anteriorly, but rather straightened and narrowed behind,
with the basal angles obtuse but sharply defined; its edges are
ciliated with long, fulvescent hairs; and its legs are extremely robust—
the front tibiz being greatly dilated and powerfully bidentate exter-
nally, whilst the four posterior ones are very uneven along their outer
edge, armed with a spiniform tooth towards their base, and produced
into a large but somewhat irregular one at their apical angle.
210. Anemia denticulata, n. sp.
A. precedente multo minor et angustior, omnino subtilius sculpturata,
prothorace ad latera paulo magis rotundato, mox ante angulos pos-
ticos sinuato, quare angulis ipsissimis posticis acute prominulis,
denticuliformibus (nec obtusis), pedibus (specimine nostro muti-
lato) non obviis.—Long. corp. lin. 23.
Habitat 8. Antao; in loco quodam valde excelso (“‘ Campo Radondo ”
dicto) semel tantum, in statu mortuo, reperta.
I met with a single example (dead and partially mutilated) of this
Anemia, beneath a stone, on the Campo Radondo—a very elevated
ridge, on the mountains, in the interior of 8. Antao ; and, fortunately,
it is so well defined by the shape of its prothorax, that I can have no
198 TRACHYSCELID#.
doubt as to its being totally distinct from the preceding species. Inits
habits, too, it will probably be found to possess a higher range. It is
considerably smaller and narrower than the A. crassa, and altogether
less coarsely sculptured ; and its prothorax is rather more rounded at
the sides (or less straightened posteriorly), and sinuated, or somewhat
scooped out, immediately in front of the hinder angles—which latter
are, in consequence, acute and almost denticuliform (instead of being
obtuse). As its limbs are broken, I cannot tell whether there would
be any additional character in the armature of its tibie.
Genus 130. PSEUDANEMIA.
Wollaston, Cat. Can. Col. 492 (1864).
Corpus et instrumenta cibaria fere ut in Anemid, sed corpore minore,
breyiore ; prothorace postice rotundato, angulis fere obliteratis ;
oculorum parte superiore minore, valde demissi; epistomatis lobis
sensim magis angulatis ; palpis labialibus longioribus ; neenon an-
tennis certe 10- (nec 11-)articulatis, clavd 4- (nec 5-)articulatis.
The present genus was established, in my Canarian Catalogue, for
the reception of an insect (captured on the sandy shores of Lanza-
rote) which does not appear to be specifically distinct from the one
described below. In its general sculpture and contour, as well as
in the formation of its robust fossorial legs, and the elongate ful-
vescent pile with which it is fringed at the edges of its body, it
might be regarded at first sight as almost identical with Anemia ;
but the remarkable fact that its antenns are composed, without
doubt, of only ten articulations, and of its club being 4- instead of
5-jointed, would of themselves suffice to separate it from that
group. As adjuncts however to this primary feature, I may men-
tion that it is much smaller, and relatively shorter, than the
Anemic ; its prothorax has the posterior angles rounded off (instead
of sharply defined) ; the upper division of its eyes (and indeed its
entire head) is less developed; the lobes of its epistome are more
anguliform; and its labial palpi are longer. Its antenne and feet
are much abbreviated, its wings are large and powerful, and its
elytra (in addition to the elongate cilia at the sides) have a few
thick but fragile hairs scattered over their surface *.
* As I had but a single example, from which to judge, when compiling my
Canarian Catalogue, I stated that the elongate cilia which fringe the edges of
the body in Anemia are absent in the present genus. This appears however to
be untrue, for they are quite as much developed as (perhaps even more than) in
that group. The fact is, they are easily destroyed ; and in specimens which are
old and worn it sometimes happens that there are no traces of them left. I may
PHALERIAD&, 199
211. Pseudanemia brevicollis.
P. brevissime oblonga, rufo-ferruginea, subnitida, in limbo longe
fulvo-ciliata ; capite prothoraceque (preesertim illo) dense et trans-
versim ruguloso-punctatis, epistomate profunde bilobo (lobis an-
gulatim subrotundatis, apice paululum subrecuryis), hoe brevi,
valde transverso, ad latera rotundato, angulis posticis rotundatis,
fere obliteratis ; scutello scutiformi, levi; elytris profundius par-
ciusque asperato-punctatis, transversim rugosis et obsolete longi-
tudinaliter substriatis, pilis pallidioribus fragilibus parce irroratis ;
antennis tarsisque brevibus, piceo-testaceis; femoribus tibisque
paulo picescentioribus, tibiis anticis latissimis, extus fortiter bi-
dentatis (dente apicali obtusissimo), posterioribus extus insequali-
bus, versus basin dente brevi lato anguliformi armatis, et ad
apicem in alterum multo longiorem productis.—Long. corp. lin.
vix 23.
Pseudanemia brevicollis, Woll., Cat. Can, Col. 495 (1864).
Habitat S. Vicente, et S. Iago; in aridis inferioribus, preesertim
arenosis, rarissima.
I took a single specimen of this rare insect on the sandy hillocks
in 8S. Vicente, about a mile to the south of Porto Grande, and
another (at an equally low elevation) in S. Iago—in the palm-
grove which adjoins the eastern outskirts of the Villa da Praia.
Its strongly toothed, fossorial tibis and the elongate hairs with
which it is fringed at the sides of its body at once indicate its bur-
rowing, sand-infesting habits; and we may therefore expect to
meet with it more abundantly, when searched for in the proper
places and in the vicinity of the shore. The example which I cap-
tured, originally, in the Canarian Group was, in like manner, found
on asandy slope (in the island of Lanzarote) immediately behind the
sea-beach.
Fam. 49. PHALERIADE.
Genus 131. PHALERIA.
Latreille, Hist. des Crust. et Ins. 11. 162 (1802).
The second of the two species described below is so much more
parallel and elongate than the ordinary Phalerie that, until inspecting
it recently with considerable care, I did not recognize it as a Phaleria
at all; but I am unable to detect a single structural difference of suffi-
mention, also, that Lacordaire records the antennal club of Anemia as 4-articu-
late; but to me it certainly appears to be composed, most distinctly, of five
joints—as distinctly so, indeed, as that of Psewdanemia is made up of only four.
I perceive, however, that Duval figures the antenna correctly.
200 PHALERIADZ.
cient importance to warrant its separation from that group. It is
true that its mesosternum is longer than what is normal, and that its
wings are largely developed ; but the latter character obtains equally
in the P. Clarkii, which could not be looked upon as anything but a
genuine Phalevia. Indeed, after examining carefully their oralorgans,
and their various other details, it is impossible not to regard the
Clarkii and parallela as members of the same group; and since the
former of them is manifestly a Phaleria, I conclude that the latter
must be so likewise.
I may add however that both of these Phalerie recede a little from
the more northern members of the genus—not only in being power-
fully winged and rather less convex, but also in their eyes (which are
less cut-into anteriorly by the gene) and scutellum being somewhat
larger, and in their antenne being a trifle less abbreviated and com-
pact, with the third joint more appreciably longer than the following
one; and although the parallela is much the more elongate and pa-—
rallel of the two, yet even the Clarkzi (so unmistakeably a Phaleria)
is a little more oblong and depressed than is commonly the case.
Both Duval and Lacordaire regard the want of lateral cilia as one
of the most important distinctions of the Phalerie; but some of the
species, although not so conspicuously fringed as the members of the
Trachyscelide, have their cilia extremely apparent, whilst even in the
others we can generally detect some short and distant marginal sete.
The P. bimaculata, which occurs in Portugal, the Azores, and the Sal-
vages, my ciliata from Porto Santo, and the ornata from the Canaries,
are most distinctly furnished with these side-bristles. The absence
or presence of wings, although distinctive of the species, seems to be
no generic character at all; so that Lacordaire, who describes the
group as winged, and Duval, who affirmed it to be apterous, are both
of them equally in error.
212. Phaleria Clarkii.
P. oblongo-ovata, depressiuscula, subopaca (sc. subtilissime alutacea)
punctulisque minutissimis (zegerrime observandis) oculo fortiter ar-
mato irroratis ; capite prothoraceque saturate rufo-testaceis, illo
paulo distinctius punctulato, héc brevi, sat parvo, coleopteris sub-
angustiore, antice sensim angustato, ad latera leviter rotundato,
angulis posticis obtusiusculis, basi utrinque foveola brevi longitu-
dinaliter impresso ; coleopteris testaceis, maculé magna discali
transversi sublunata nigra ornatis, leviter et tenuissime subpunc-
tulato-striatis, interstitiis depressis, in limbo minute et parce cilia-
tis ; tibiis anticis apicem versus latis.
Var. (3. Prothoracis disco postico suffuse, elytrorumque regione scu-
PHALERIADZ. 201
tellari ac suture parte anticé (und cum macula discali junctis) dis-
tincte nigrescentibus.
Var. y. Capite prothoracisque disco suffuse, elytrisque (limbo palli-
diore, et interdum humeris, exceptis) distincte nigrescentibus.—
Long. corp. lin. 24-3.
Phaleria Clarkii, Woll., Ann. Nat. Hist. xx. 505 (1857).
, Id., ibid. vii. 246 (1861).
Habitat S. Vicente, S. Iago, et Fogo; in arenosis, preecipue sub re-
jectamentis, juxta mare fodiens.
This beautiful Phaleria will probably be found to be universal
throughout the Cape Verde archipelago, if searched for in sandy places
along, and near, the shores; but hitherto it has been observed only
in S. Vicente, S. Iago, and Fogo—in which three islands I met with
it during our late cruise. In the first and second of them it was cap-
tured likewise by Mr. Gray; but it had been previously obtained by
him and the Rey. Hamlet Clark, during December 1856, as well as
by Mr. A. Fry, in 8. Vicente. Although remarkably constant in its
general proportions and minutely alutaceous finely sculptured sur-
face, it is extremely variable in colour; for, whilst what I have re-
garded as the normal state is usually altogether pale with only a large
black sublunate patch in the centre of its elytra, in other examples
(“‘ var. 3’) the hinder prothoracic disk is more or less clouded, and the
elytra have atriangular portion at their base and the anterior half of
their suture (confluent with the medial fascia) additionally black ;
whilst in others the greater part of the head and prothorax is infus-
cated, and the black markings of the elytra are suffused over their en-
tire surface—with the exception of the pallid margin, and sometimes
the shoulders. The paler specimens are principally found in §. Vi-
cente, the intermediate ones in 8. Iago, and the darkestof all (“‘var. y’’)
in Fogo.
213. Phaleria parallela, n. sp.
P. parallelo-oblonga, depressiuscula, saturate testacea, immaculata,
nitida, punctulis minutissimis eegerrime observandis (oculo fortiter
armato) irrorata; prothorace longiore, transverso-subquadrato,
postice ad latera rectiore, angulis posticis subrectis, basi utrinque
foveola brevi longitudinaliter impresso; coleopteris prothoracis cir-
citer latitudine, subparallelis, profunde subcrenato-striatis, inter-
stitiis convexis, in limbo calvis ; tibiis anticis apicem versus latis.—
Long. corp. lin. 3-33.
Habitat S. Vicente, S. Iago, et Brava; in locis similibus ac preecedens.
The comparatively parallel outline, and shining, pallid, immaculate
202 ULOMIDA.
surface of this elongate and peculiar Phaleria, combined with its
much less abbreviated and posteriorly more straightened prothorax
(the hinder angles of which are nearly right angles), its deeply striated
elytra, and its convex interstices, will at once distinguish it. It
appears to be as widely spread over the archipelago as the P. Clarkii,
though perhaps somewhat rarer, occurring in much the same kind of
places—beneath rejectamenta, on, and near, the sandy shores. I have
taken it at Porto Grande in 8. Vicente, near the Villa da Praia in 8.
Tago, and at the Porto da Furna in Brava—in the first of which lo-
calities it was found likewise by Mr. Gray.
Fam. 50. ULOMIDZ.
Genus 132. PSEUDOSTENE.
Wollaston, Ann, Nat. Hist. vii. 247 (1861).
Genus in collectionibus cum 7ribolio conjunctum, sed a Triboliis (i. e.
ferrugineo et madente) species hujus generis toto ccelo recedunt.
Non solum fossores sunt (per oras maritimas arenosas sub conferyis,
vel in locis valde salinis, degentes), prothorace multo majore antice
lato basi haud sinuato clypeoque ad latera minus elevato necnon ad
apicem rotundato (haud emarginato), sed lobo prosternali majore
erassiore sublineari-angusto (nec spatuliformi), mesosterno in me-
dio profundius et argutius triangulariter exciso, mandibulis ad api-
cem brevius bifidis [apex collateralis nisi oculo obliquo haud obser-
vandus |, mento apice late emarginato, ligula recte truncata, maxil-
larum lobo externo multo longiore elongato-ovato loboque interno
breviore magis curvato inarmato, antennis lenius incrassatis (clava
5-, nec 3-, articulataé), art® basilari multo longiore et valde cur-
vato, et preecipue tibiis dilatioribus, anticis latissime compresso-
dilatatis.
214. Pseudostene angusta.
P. angusto-linearis, picea, nitida, calva ; capite dense punctato-rugu-
loso, clypeo dilutiore, ante oculos obtuse rotundato et vix exstante ;
prothorace majusculo, subconvexo, antice gradatim latiore, ad la-
tera oblique subrecto, angulis posticis obtusis sed parum argute de-
terminatis, (preesertim in disco postico) multo profundius parcius-
que punctato, basi utrinque obsoletissime (vix perspicue) et minute
foveolato; elytris parallelis, parce transversim rugulosis, leviter
punctato-striatis punctisque vix minoribus in interstitiis subuni-
seriatim notatis; antennis pallide ferrugineis; pedibus piceo-fer-
rugineis, tibiis anticis apicem versus late compresso-dilatatis.—
Long. corp. lin. cirea 2.
Pseudostene angusta, Woll., loc, cit. 249 (1861).
Habitat 8. Vicente ; in salinis et arenosis juxta mare, rarior.
Found in saline places, in the vicinity of the shore, and hitherto
ULOMIDA. 203
only in S. Vicente ; though, when the proper localities are searched,
we may expect to meet with it in the other islands likewise. A
single example of it was taken originally by the Rev. Hamlet Clark,
during his day’s sojourn at 8. Vicente (in company with Mr. Gray),
in December 1856; and it was again met with, though very spa-
ringly, by Mr. Gray and myself, during our late cruise. It resides
not only beneath marine rejectamenta on the beach itself, but also in
saline places generally (such as the edges of the Salterns), and even
—along with Halonomus and Ammidium—on the small hillocks
(adjoining the coast) of loose drifted sand, into which its broadly
compressed anterior tibie enable it to burrow. It may be known
by its narrow, linear outline, its rather largely developed and ante-
riorly widened prothorax (which is somewhat obliquely straightened
at the sides, and deeply punctured, especially on the disk), and by
its elytra being parallel and very lightly punctate-striate, with their
interstices sparingly besprinkled with punctures which are hardly
smaller than those contained in the striz.
The P. angusta is so nearly allied to a species which I took (in
similar, saline places) in Lanzarote, one of the eastern islands of the
Canarian Gaoup, that it is not altogether impossible that the two
may be but permanent geographical states of a single plastic form.
Even if this, however, should be the case, the name of angusta would
still have to be adopted—the Canarian fossoria being enunciated in
a footnote (and therefore secondarily, as regards position) in my
paper aboye referred to on Cape Verde Coleoptera. But I should
rather be inclined to regard them as distinct; for there seems to
be a small cluster of species, of this particular type closely resem-
bling each other, and yet differing in many minute (even structural)
particulars ; and a third, which I possess from Egypt, would still
further tend to strengthen this hypothesis. The Canarian species
recedes from the P. angusta in being altogether appreciably broader
and blacker, with its prothorax (which is somewhat more coarsely
punctured) slightly wider anteriorly and less straightened at the
sides (which causes the hinder angles to be just perceptibly more
obtuse, or less sharply defined), with its genze, if anything, perhaps,
less prominent in front of either eye, with its scutellum a little
more acute (or angular) at the apex, with its elytra not quite so
parallel, and a trifle more coarsely sculptured, and with its two
hinder tibize somewhat less slender towards their base*.
* The Egyptian P. subclavata is nearer, I think, to the Canarian species than
to the Cape Verde one, and might perhaps safely be regarded as a slight geo-
204 ULOMID2.
Genus 133. TRIBOLIUM.
MacLeay, Ann. Javan. 47 (1825).
215. Tribolium ferrugineum.
Tenebrio ferrugineus, Fab., Spec. Ins. i. 824 (1781).
Tribolium ferrugineum, WoU., Ins. Mad. 491 (1854).
, Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 151 (1857).
»Id., Cat. Can. Col. 496 (1864).
, Id., Col. Atl. 420 (1865).
Habitat S. Iago; ad nuces Jatrophe aridas in oppido ipso “ Villa da
Praia” 4 Dom. Gray deprehensum.
The almost cosmopolitan 7. ferrugineum—so liable to dissemina-
tion, through the medium of various articles of commerce, over the
civilized world—appears to have established itself in the Cape Verde
archipelago, as it has in the Madeiran and Canarian Groups. No
doubt it will be found to be pretty general, when searched for in the
warehouses and towns; nevertheless the only specimens of it (six
in number) which I have seen hitherto were taken by Mr. Gray in
8. Iago—off some bags of dried Physic-nuts (Jatropha curcas) which
had been brought from the interior to the Villa da Praia.
Genus 134. GNATHOCERUS.
Thunberg, Act, Holmiens. 47 (1814).
216. Gnathocerus cornutus.
Trogosita cornuta, Fab., Ent. Syst. Suppl. 51 (1798).
Cerandria cornuta, Woll., Ins. Mad. 490 (1854).
, Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 151 (1857).
Gnathocerus cornutus, Id., Cat. Can. Col. 496 (1864).
, Id., Col. Atl. 420 (1865).
Habitat 8. Vicente; circa domos, in granaris et ceet., ex alienis
certe introductus.
I took a specimen of this common European insect in 8. Vicente
crawling on the outer wall of Mr. Miller’s storehouse at Porto
Grande. There can be little doubt that it will be found pretty
generally throughout the Group; for,the fact of its occurring at all
is almost sufficient to ensure that, like most of these imported
species, it merely requires to be searched for in the proper places—
graphical modification of the former. Indeed it seems to differ from the Lan-
zarotan fossoria, merely, in having the ulterior joints of the antenne a little
more thickened, and its prothorax perhaps somewhat more largely developed
and with less evident traces of the two minute basal fovex.
ULOMID. 205
about the houses and granaries—in order to be obtained. It has
established itself, in like manner, in the Madeiran and Canarian
archipelagos.
Genus 135. HYPOPHLEUS.
Fabricius, Skrivt. af Natur. Selsk. (1790).
§ I. Epistoma parvum, a fronte arcuatim'separatum. Oculi minores
(tamen sat magni). Scutellum valde transversum. Elytra pygi-
dium omnino (vel fere omnino) tegentia.
217. Hypophleeus ficicola, n. sp.
H. linearis (vix subfusiformis), rufo-ferrugineus, subnitidus; capite
prothoraceque dense punctulatis, epistomate antice rotundato et
una cum clypeo paulo elevato; prothorace subquadrato, postice
gradatim paulo angustiore, ad latera et postice tenuiter marginato,
angulis anticis paululum porrectis, posticis argute subrectis; elytris
subfusiformi - parallelis, tenuiter striato-punctatis punctulisque
minutissimis in interstitiis subuniseriatim notatis; antennis bre-
vibus, fusiformibus, valde compactis, piceo-testaceis (apice ipso pal-
lidiore); pedibus brevibus, rufo-testaceis, tibiis gracilibus.—Long.
corp. lin. 1}-vix 13.
Habitat 8. Iago; sub cortice Fic? cujusdam laxo emortuo, in inter-
mediis, parce lectus.
A small and rufo-ferruginous Hypophleus, which may be known
by its narrow, parallel outline, short antenne, densely punctulated
head and prothorax, and very transverse scutellum. It is appa-
rently scarce, the only examples of it (five in number) which I have
yet seen having been captured by myself in the interior of S. Iago
—namely under the loosened bark of a large native fig-tree (proba-
bly the Ficus guineensis, Miq.) which had recently been felled in the
Ribeira dos Orgaos*.
218. Hypophleus subdepressus.
H. precedenti similis, sed paulo major et latior; clypeo magis ele-
vato ; oculis subgrossius granulatis ; capite prothoraceque vix ob-
scurioribus, hée sensim majore, quadratiore, ac magis profunde
(preesertim versus latera) punctato; scutello sublatiore; elytris
(etiam ad basin tenuiter marginatis) vix profundius sculpturatis ;
* The H. fictcola is rather larger and broader than the Canarian H. euphorbie,
with its antenne relatively shorter, its scutellum a trifle larger and wider, its
prothorax more developed anteriorly, and its elytra more coarsely sculptured
and a little less fusiform. Itis perhaps nearer to the Madeiran H. ambiguus, of
which it might almost be regarded as a geographical state; but its prothorax
and the last joint of its antennz are both of them appreciably longer, and there
are other slight differences of a more trivial kind.
206 ULOMID.
antennis subcrassioribus ; tibiisque (presertim anticis, magis ro-
buste calecaratis) paulo latioribus.—Long. corp. lin. 13.
Hypophlceus subdepressus, Woll., Cat. Can. Col. 499 (1864).
—,, Id., Col. Atl, 422 (1865).
Habitat 8. Iago; in intermediis semel tantum repertus.
The single example from which the above comparative diagnosis
has been drawn out, and which does not appear to me to differ spe-
cifically from one which I captured in Fuerteventura of the Canarian
Group, was taken by myself in the interior of 8. Iago—lI think, at
San Domingos ; and it certainly possesses too many characteristics
of its own to allow of its being referred to the preceding species.
Thus it is a trifle larger and wider than the ficicola, its clypeus is
considerably more elevated at the sides, the lenses of its eyes are
appreciably coarser, its head and prothorax are a shade darker in
hue, the latter is a little squarer and more developed (particularly
in front), as well as more deeply punctured (especially towards the
sides), its scutellum is perhaps somewhat broader, its elytra are, if
anything, more distinctly sculptured, and narrowly bordered even at
their base (at any rate towards the humeral angles), its antennee are
somewhat thicker, its tibie are less slender, particularly the anterior
ones, and these last are more powerfully spurred at their inner apex.
§ II. Epistoma magnum, elongatum, a fronte subrecte separatum. Oculi
magni. NScutellum scutiforme. LElytra pygidio breviora.
219. Hypophleus longicollis, n. sp.
H. angustus, cylindrico-linearis, nitidus ; capite prothoraceque ni-
gris, sat dense punctulatis, epistomate antice recte truncato et und
cum clypeo haud elevato; prothorace elongato, apice subclavato, pos-
tice gradatim angustiore, ad latera et postice tenuiter marginato,
angulis anticis rotundatis, posticis ipsis subrectis ; elytris angustis,
cylindricis, rufo-castaneis (interdum versus latera suffuse subob-
scurioribus),minute equaliter punctulatis (punctulissubseriatim dis-
positis, etseriebus alternis in lineis tenuibuslevissimis obsolete dispo-
sitis); pygidio subnigro; antennis crassis, fusiformibus, piceo-ferru-
gineis; pedibus longiusculis, piceo-testaceis, tibiis latiusculis, anticis
ad apicem externum spinula parva armatis.—Long. corp. lin. 13-2.
Habitat 8. Iago; sub cortice ict, una cum H. ficicola captus.
This truly indigenous and remarkable Hypophleus belongs to
somewhat the same type of form as the European JZ. bicolor, but
may be known by its eatremely narrow and cylindrical body, its
shining and finely punctulated surface, and by its head and protho-
ULOMIDZ. 207
rax (the latter of which is greatly elongated, and gradually widened
anteriorly) being black, whilst its elytra (which are truncated behind,
so as to expose a portion of the dark pygidium) are rufo-castaneous.
Its antennz (which are fusiform and picescent) are much longer
and thicker, and not quite so compact, as those of the two preceding
species; and its legs (which are piceo-testaceous) are also consider-
ably more elongate, and with their tibiee more robust—the anterior
pair, moreover, having their outer apical angle produced into a little
prominent spinule.
Several examples of the H. longicollis were captured by myself
and Mr. Gray beneath the dead loosened bark of a gigantic native
Ficus in the Orgios ravine, in the interior of 8. lago.
Genus 136. DIACLINA.
Duval, Genera des Coleopt. iii. 296 (1863).
I have followed Duval in regarding this genus as unquestionably
distinct from Alphitobius, with which it has been usual to unite it ;
but I can searcely believe (with him) that it should be removed far
enough from the latter to be placed in the adjoining family of the
Diaperide ; for its affinities seem to me most unmistakeably with the
Alphitobti. But from Alphitobius proper it is at once separated
(apart from all minor characters) by its comparatively undeveloped
gen, which cut but very slightly into the anterior region of the
eye, and by its slender legs—even the tibie being extremely nar-
row, aS well as unspinulose, and with their apical spurs very
minute. Its antenne also are slenderer towards their base than
those of the Alphitobii, which causes their six ulterior joints to
appear more abruptly thickened.
220. Diaclina suffusa, n. sp.
D. oblonga, depressiuscula, rufo-picea, nitida; capite prothoraceque
sat dense et argute punctatis, illo postice obscuriore, oculis magnis,
genis haud exstantibus et vix in oculos ductis, hée basi bisinuato
et ibidem coleopterorum latitudine, antice paulo angustiore, angulis
posticis subrectis, basi fovea brevi utrinque leviter impresso ; ely-
tris profunde crenato-striatis, interstitiis depressis et punctulis
minutissimis parce irroratis, in disco communi obsolete et suffuse
obscurioribus; antennis pedibusque saturate testaceis, illis ad
basin gracilibus, articulis 6 ulterioribus gradatim conspicue in-
erassatis ; pedibus gracilibus, tibiis simplicibus (nec spinulosis) et
calcaribus minutissimis armatis. —Long. corp. lin. 2.
Habitat 8. Iago; inter quisquilias aridas ad San Domingos 4 Dom.
Gray semel deprehensa.
208 ULOMID.
The single specimen from which I have compiled the above dia-
gnosis was taken by Mr. Gray in the interior of 8. Iago—by shaking
some dry vegetable refuse at San Domingos. It may be known by
its oblong outline, and slightly depressed, shining, rufo-piceous sur-
face, the elytra however being a little clouded (or suffused) down the
centre of their common disk—which causes the more rufescent por-
tions to have somewhat the appearance, at first sight, of obscure
macule, or very ill-defined blotches*. Its head and prothorax (the
latter of which is as broad behind as the base of the elytra) are
sharply and rather deeply punctured; its elytra are coarsely crenate-
striate, with their interstices flat and sparingly besprinkled with
most diminutive punctules; and its limbs are slender, and of a dull
testaceous hue. It is rather smaller than the European D. chryso-
melina ; its sculpture is coarser; its prothorax is relatively rather
less developed ; and its elytral cloud (although obscure) is more
confined to the central region, and does not appear to extend to
either edge.
Genus 137. ALPHITOBIUS.
Stephens, IU. Brit. Ent. v. 11 (1832).
221. Alphitobius diaperinus.
Tenebrio diaperinus, Kugel., in Panz. Fna Ins. Germ. 37. 16 (1797).
Alphitobius diaperinus, Woll., Ins. Mad. 498 (1854),
, Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 154 (1857).
, Id., Cat. Can. Col. 497 (1864).
— —, ld., Col. Atl. 419 (1865).
Habitat 8. Tago, et Fogo; in domibus, cultis mercatorumque reposi-
toriis, ex alienis certe introductus.
—
The wide-spread A. diaperinus has established itself in the
Cape Verde archipelago, as it has in the Madeiras and Canaries—
and indeed throughout a large portion of the civilized world. It
occurs about houses and stores, and sometimes even beneath stones
in cultivated spots. I have taken it in 8. Iago and Fogo, in the
former of which it was captured likewise by Mr. Gray; whilst from
the latter it has lately been obtained by the Bardo do Castello de
Paiva.
222. Alphitobius piceus.
Tenebrio mauritanicus, Fab. [nec Linn., 1767], Ent. Syst. i. 118
(1792).
Helops piceus, Oliv., Ent. ili. 58. 17. 22 (1795).
* Perhaps in highly-coloured examples this might be more evident, so as to
cause the elytra to seem (as in the European D. chrysomelina) really maculated.
ULOMID®. 209
Tenebrio fagi, Pnz., Fna Ins. Germ. 61.3 (1799).
Alphitobius mauritanicus, Woll., Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 20 (1858).
piceus, Id., Col. Atl. 419 (1865).
Habitat S. Vicente, 8. Iago, et Fogo; in locis similibus ac precedens.
* Found in much the same places as the last species, and (like it)
unquestionably naturalized, from more northern latitudes, through
the medium of commerce. It was taken by Mr. Gray and myself in
S. Iago and Fogo, and it has been communicated from S. Vicente
by Mr. Miller; but it will doubtless occur in the other islands like-
wise. It may be known from the diaperinus by being a trifle nar-
rower and less shining, by its prothorax being relatively a little
broader, rounder (and more margined) at the sides, somewhat more
thickly punctured, and with the angles more acute, by the punc-
tures of its elytral interstices being larger and more numerous, and
by its tibiz being appreciably less widened, and almost free from
(even minute) spinules. Moreover, it scarcely attains quite so large
a stature as the diaperinus.
Genus 138. KENOGLEUS.
Wollaston, Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 251 (1861).
Corpus sat parvum, subquadrato-oblongum, calyum; elypeo vix
elevato, epistomate truncato (nec emarginato) ; prothorace magno,
transverso-quadrato, antice vix emarginato, angulis posticis sub-
rectis, margine postico obtuse sinuato; scutello transverso-trian-
gulari; elytrorum angulis ipsis humeralibus exstantibus, acutis ;
alis obsoletis ; prosterno carinato (carina postice lobiformi, abrupte
terminata). Antenne prothorace vix breviores, apicem versus
moniliformes leviter incrassate, art? ult® subgloboso. Labrum
subquadratum, postice vix angustius, anticé versus angulos anti-
cos rotundatum, apice truncatum, cilatum. Mandibule valide,
subtriangulares, apice incurvee acute, intus in medio fissee coria-
cee. Maaillarum lobi valde pubescente, internus ad apicem
subito et valde inflexus incrassatus et ibidem tectiformis concayus
obtusus (nec uncinatus). Palpi mawillares art? ult? maximo, securi-
formi; labiales post ligulam inserti, art? 1™ sat parvo flexuoso,
2% multo crassiore subgloboso, ult? hoc multo majore subovali ad
apicem internum oblique truncato. Mentwm corneum, cordiformi-
quadratum, apice vix emarginatum. Jigula subcornea, cordata,
antice profunde biloba. Pedes breviuseuli: tibiis ad apicem ex-
ternum subtruncatis, anticis apicem versus inflexis latiusculis.
The single specimen on which (in 1861) I founded the present
genus was communicated by the Rev. Hamlet Clark, as having been
taken in 8. Vicente—during his day’s sojourn there, in company
- P
210 ULOMID.
with Mr. Gray, in December 1856; but as he could recall nothing
whatever about it, except that he had found it afterwards in the
same box with his other Cape-Verde species, I cannot feel altogether
satisfied regarding its habitat. Nevertheless, as it still remains unique,
and I have no absolute reason for expunging it from our list, I will
not hesitate to admit it—at anyrate until some evidence shall have
been gleaned to enable me to decide whether Mr. Clark was in error
as to its place of capture. Ishould add, however (as a somewhat sig-
nificant fact), that it was associated by Mr. Clark with two other in-
sects which we failed to obtain during our late cruise. Concerning its
structure and affinities, I cannot do better than transcribe the fol-
lowing note, which I gave in the ‘ Annals of Natural History.’
‘Tn the extraordinary structure of its inner maxillary lobe—the
apical portion of which is suddenly bent inwards (at right angles to
the basal part), and, instead of being uncinate, is much thickened,
tectiform (or concave), and obtuse at its extremity,—the present
genus differs from every other one with which I am acquainted.
Tn its robust, subcorneous, cordate ligula, moreover, and thick, sub-
cordate mentum, as well as in the largely-developed securiform last
joint of its maxillary palpi and the acute and prominent humeral
angles of its elytra, it is well characterized. With respect to its
affinities, I will merely record the opinion of Lacordaire, to whom I
transmitted for examination the unique specimen from which the
above diagnosis has been compiled. ‘Cet insecte,’ says he, ‘ m’est
inconnu. Quant & ses affinités, elles ne sont pas douteuses; cest
une Ulomide, ainsi que le prouvent la forme de sa téte, de ses an-
tennes, de ses pattes, et surtout l’absence de trochantins aux branches
intermédiaires. C’est un genre nouveau, qui repose sur la forme
générale du corps plutét que sur aucun caractére bien précis, et qui
me parait devoir étre placé dans le voisinage des Peltoides, Casteln.
(Oopiestus, Chevr.).’”
223. Kenogleus politus.
X. rufo-brunneus, politus ; capite subrugose punctato, oculis antice
nigris; prothorace convexo, leviter et sat parce punctulato, ad latera
marginato et vix rotundato; elytris profunde (presertim postice
et ad latera) crenato-striatis, interstitiis minutissime remote punc-
tulatis, antice in disco latis depressis, postice necnon ad utrumque
latus angustioribus potius elevatis ; antennis pedibusque vix pal-
lidioribus.—Long. corp. lin. 23.
Xenogloeus politus, Woll., loc. cit. 252 (1861).
Habitat S. Vicente ?; 4 Rev®® H. Clark olim communicatus.
(DEMERID&. aA
Fam. 51. EDEMERIDZ.
Genus 139. DITYLUS.
Schmidt, x Zann. Ent. i. 87 (1846).
224, Ditylus pallidus.
D. cylindrico-angustus, elongatus, pallide testaceus (oculis, mandi-
bularum apice, tibiarum calcaribus, et interdum unguiculis, solis
nigris), ubique crebre punctatus, necnon longe et densissime pubes-
cens ; prothorace subcordato, subineequali, basi grosse marginato ;
palpis, antennis versus apicem tarsisque vyix obscurioribus.
Variat colore omnino fuscescentiore (sed nunquam aurantiaco).—
Long. corp. lin. 3-7.
Ditylus pallidus, Woll., Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 253 (1861).
Habitat S. Vicente; in inferioribus 4 Dom. Fry lectus, neenon a
Barone Castello de Paiva benigne communicatus.
Obs.—D. concolori, ins. Canariensium, valde affinis et forsan
ejus varietas geographica. Differt colore nunquam aurantiaco (vel
pallidiore, vel fuscescentiore) ac pube sublongiore et (saltem pos-
tice) paululum minus demissa vestitus, oculis yix magis promi-
nentibus, prothorace paulo minus profunde punctato, necnon an-
tennarum art® 1™° suberassiore.
A large and pallid Ditylus (most variable in size) which has been
taken hitherto only in S. Vicente, though, when its habits are fully
ascertained, we may expect to meet with it in some of the other
islands also. Several specimens of it were captured by Mr. A. Fry,
and others have been obtained (more recently) by the Bardo do Cas-
tello de Paiva. It so nearly resembles the D. concolor, found in the
Canarian Group and on the rocks of the Salvages, that I cannot feel
quite satisfied that it is more than a permanent geographical modi-
fication of that insect, though perhaps it will be safer to regard it
as a closely allied species of the same type. It differs from its more
northern representative in being almost free from the beautiful
orange hue which characterizes the latter—it being ezther very pale
testaceous, or else with a somewhat yellowish-brown tinge ; and its
pubescence is a trifle longer and not quite so depressed, at any rate
posteriorly. Its eyes are, if anything, somewhat more prominent ;
its prothorax is less coarsely punctured ; and the first joint of its
antenne is just appreciably thicker. Believing the Canarian species
to be mainly attached (at all events in its previous states) to the
Euphorbias, I should have concluded, from analogy, that the
pP2
212 MELOID®.
D. pallidus would be in a similar predicament; but as Mr. Fry’s
examples were taken “ beneath trailing succulent plants,” I imagine
they must have been found in the sandy district to the south of
Porto Grande, in which I rather think that the Euphorbias (at any
rate the Z. Tuckeyana) do not grow. In all probability it is the
Zygophyllum to which Mr. Fry’s note alludes; and perhaps, there-
fore, it may be within the stalks of that low succulent shrub that our
present insect undergoes its transformations, I will add, moreover,
that I am not absolutely sure that even the Canarian species is ex-
clusively of Euphorbia-infesting habits.
Fam. 52. MELOIDA:.
Genus 140. CANTHARIS.
Geoffroy, Hist. Abr. des Ins, i. 339 (1762).
225. Cantharis Fryii.
©. cyanea; capite prothoraceque nitidis, illo subquadrato convexo
et grosse punctato, héc parvo, parcius et etiam grossius irregula-
riter punctato, postice et praesertim antice angustiore, basi grosse
marginato et in medio presertim postice profunde canaliculato;
elytris subopacis, indistincte et valde demisse concolori pubes-
centibus, densissime subtuberculato-rugulosis punctulisque minu-
tissimis sat crebre irroratis, lineis (aut costulis) 3 discalibus valde
obscuris obsoletis instructis; antennis pedibusque paulo nigres-
centioribus.—Long. corp. lin. 63.
Cantharis Fryii, Woll., Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 252 (1861).
Habitat 8. Vicente, S. Iago, et Fogo; hine inde in apricis inferio-
ribus.
This large and cyaneous (or almost violet-blue) Cantharis seems
widely spread over the Cape Verde archipelago, where perhaps
during the proper season it would be found to be not uncommon ;
but as our late cruise was undertaken at an exceedingly dry time of
the year, we saw only the remains of it—and moreover very spa-
ringly. It may be expected to occur on flowers, in hot localities of
a low altitude—having been obtained (in a dead and mutilated state)
near the Villa da Praia in 8. Iago by Mr. Gray, and by myself near
the Porto da Luz in Fogo. The specimen however from which I
compiled my original diagnosis was captured by Mr. A. Fry in S$.
Vicente, from which island a second (now before me) has been com-
municated by Mr. Miller.
MORDELLID#. 213
Apart from its large size and cyaneous hue, the C. Fryii may be
known by its head and prothorax (especially the latter) being shi-
ning and most coarsely punctured, whilst its elytra are more opake,
indistinctly and sparingly besprinkled with a very decumbent and
obscure darkish pubescence, and densely roughened with somewhat
tuberculiform callosities, which are intermixed with extremely mi-
nute punctules*.
Fam. 53. MORDELLID.
Genus 141. ANASPIS.
Geoftroy, Hist. Abr, des Ins. 315 (1762).
(Subgenus Silaria, Muls.)
226. Anaspis brevicornis, n. sp.
A elliptica, subopaca, rufo-testacea, creberrime transversim strigu-
losa pubeque brevi flavo-cinereaé demissa densissime sericata ; pro-
thoracis disco interdum paulo obscuriore ; coleopterorum sutura,
parte magna basali triangulari fasciaque transversa postmedia (nec-
non interdum apice marginisque lateralis parte anteriore) plus
minus nigrescentibus ; antennis pedibusque testaceis, illis brevibus,
his elongatis, tarsis gracillimis.
Variat colore omnino pallidiore, maculis fere obsoletis.—Long. corp.
lin. 1-1}.
Habitat Fogo; inter flores, presertim Hchii et Huphorbie, deprehensa.
Obs.—A. Proteo, ins. Maderensium Canariensiumque, affinis,
sed certe distincta; differt corpore angustiore, minus nitido, cre-
brius transversim striguloso, pubeque breviore ac magis cinerea
densius sericato; colore omnino pallidiore—antennis (multo bre-
vioribus), palpis, capite pedibusque pallidis immaculatis,—oculis
grossius granulatis, necnon tarsis gracilioribus.
A few specimens of this rather fragile little Anaspis were taken
by myself and Mr. Gray in the intermediate districts of Fogo, by
beating the blossoms of gigantic Euphorbias and Echiums at the
Monte Nucho. Like the A. Proteus, of the Madeiran and Canarian
Groups, it evidently belongs to Mulsant’s genus Stlaria ; but I can-
* There isa ‘“‘ Lytta chalybea”’ enunciated amongst Erichson’s so-called “ An-
golan ” Coleoptera which may perhaps be akin to the C. Fryiz. But it is de-
scribed as having the head and prothorax black and pubescent (neither of which
is the case in our present insect), and as haying the latter thickly punctured and
obsoletely channelled; whereas in the Cape-Verde species the prothorax is spa-
ringly punctured, and impressed with an exceedingly deep channel behind.
214 PEDILIDA.
not think that the latter has any real claim to be treated as more
than a mere section of Anaspis—its somewhat shorter antenne and
elytral epipleurse being the only points that I can detect in which
the members of it differ from the ordinary type. Be this, however,
as it may, the A. brevicornis recedes from the A. Proteus (with
which, in the general character of their elytral markings, highly-
coloured examples of it have much in common) in being relatively a
little narrower and straighter in outline, and in being less shining,
more densely strigulose transversely, and more thickly clothed with
even a minuter whitish sericeous decumbent pubescence. Then
(judging from the examples before me) it is of altogether a paler
hue, and its head and limbs are quite immaculate; its antenne are
conspicuously more abbreviated, the lenses of its eyes are coarser,
and its tarsi are more slender still.
Fam, 54. PEDILIDA.
Genus 142. PSEUDOSCRAPTIA (nov. gen.).
Corpus angustulum, elongatulum, pubescens ; capite deflexo, oculis
lateralibus, elongatis, demissis, antice valde profunde excavato-
emarginatis ; prothorace basi coleopterorum latitudine et subundu-
late truncato, in medio nullo modo producto (fere etiam subemar-
ginato), antice paulo angustiore, apice subrotundato (nec excavato),
angulis anticis rotundatis obliteratis ; scwtello sat magno, obtuse
triangulari; elytris pygidium omnino tegentibus ; mesosterno cari-
nato; metasterno elongato, postice canaliculato ; abdomine e seg-
mentis 6 composito, 1™° brevi, ult® in penultimo fere abscondito.
Antenne ad oculi emarginationem insert, longiuscule, art? 1™°
subclavato sed vix reliquis robustiore, 2°° et 3"°(preesertim illo)
brevibus, sequentibus longioribus, obconicis, ad latera (oculo fortis-
sime armato) minutissime subserratulis. Pedes basi valde approxi-
mati; tibes tarsisque gracilibus, zlis rectis, ad apicem internum
calcaribus duobus breviusculis subcompressis (intus minutissime
pectinato-ciliatis) armatis ; tavsis heteromeris, art° 1™° in anticis
longiusculo sed in posterioribus longissimo, penultimo in anterio-
ribus anguste bilobo sed in posticis integro, wltimo (unguiculis sim-
plicibus munito) in anterioribus gracili longiusculo, in posticis
brevissimo subconico,ad basin lato (sc. ibidem penultimi latitudine).
A wWetéos, mendacium, et Scraptia.
Two specimens of the small insect from which I have compiled the
above generic diagnosis were captured by Dr. H. Dohrn in the north
of §. Antao, and they are unfortunately in such a mutilated state
(from having been nearly destroyed by mould and mites) that I am
perfectly unable to examine their oral organs, or to do more than con-
PEDILIDA. 215
jecture concerning their affinities. At first sight they have somewhat
the contour of Orchesia, and somewhat also of Anaspis, and even of
Scraptia ; and, so far as I can judge from their few parts which re-
main, I am inclined to suspect that they may belong to some group
of the Pedilide, perhaps in the vicinity of Scraptia. But if that be
the case, there is certainly no genus enunciated by Lacordaire which
would receive them; and I have consequently been compelled to
establish one on purpose,—believing that their specific characters
(which are quite decipherable), in conjunction with the few structu-
ral ones to which I have called attention, will be amply sufficient, at
any future time, to enable the insect to be identified (and, ¢f needs be,
referred to its proper group).
In its narrow outline, deflexed head, and slender tibiz and feet (the
four hinder ones of which are considerably elongated) the insect in
question has something in common with both Orchesta and Anaspis ;
but perhaps its most distinctive features consist in its eyes being very
deeply scooped out anteriorly (behind the insertion of the antenne),
in its scutellum being rather large (and obtusely triangular), in its
abdomen being composed (as I believe) of six segments (the first
being short, and the apical one nearly immersed within that which
precedes it), in the basal joint of its four posterior feet being extremely
long, in the penultimate one being narrowly bilobed in its four ante-
rior ones but simple in the hinder pair, and in the terminal one of
the latter (i.e. of the hinder pair) being anomalously shortened and
subconical—in fact, shorter than the preceding one! Its tibial spurs
are not long, but tolerably robust (being somewhat compressed, and,
when viewed beneath the microscope, minutely pectinated, or ciliate,
internally); its legs are closely approximated at their base, its me-
sosternum is slightly carinate, and its metasternum is somewhat
elongated.
227. Pseudoscraptia dimidiata, n. sp.
P. angustula, elongatula, nitida, demisse fulvo pubescens; capite pro-
thoraceque fusco-testaceis, coriaceo-alutaceis et grosse imbricato-
asperatis (vix punctulatis), illo paulo obscuriore deflexo, hoc im-
marginato, postice coleopterorum latitudine et ibidem subbisinuate
truncato, antice paulo angustiore, angulis anticis rotundatis obli-
teratis, posticis rotundate subrectis, in disco antico subconvexo, intra
angulos posticos late impresso ; elytris pone medium (sed an sem-
per?) paululum dilatatis, fusco-testaceis, dimidia parte postica
(sutura margineque externo, angustissimis, exceptis) nigra, trans-
versim subimbricato-rugulosis granulisque minutis asperatis par-
cissime irroratis ; antennis pedibusque longiusculis, illis nigrescen-
216 PEDILID@.
tibus (ad basin ipsissimam paulo dilutioribus), his gracilibus fusco-
testaceis, hinc inde (presertim tarsis et versus apicem tibiarum)
picescentioribus.— Long. corp. lin. 14-vix 13.
Habitat 8. Antao; 4 cl. H. Dohrn, M.D., parce reperta.
The two mutilated examples from which my description has been
drawn out were taken by Dr. H. Dohrn, at the Sellada de Garea, in
S. Antao, and professedly amongst Euphorbias ; but whether they are
in any way connected with those shrubs I have no means of deciding.
Apart from its narrowish, elongate outline and the various structural
features above alluded to, the species which they represent may be
known by its rather shining surface being beset with a decumbent
fulvescent pile, and by its head, prothorax, and elytra being of a
brownish-testaceous hue, but with somewhat more than the hinder
half of the last nearly black. This darkened portion of the elytra,
however, does not quite extend over the suture and outer margin, and
seems to be occasioned by a large blackish dash which covers most of
the posterior region of each elytron, and which has a tendency to be
produced narrowly in front (externally) towards the shoulder, parallel
to the lateral edge. Its antenne are rather dark; and its legs are
brownish-testaceous, but more or less obscured in parts. Its protho-
rax is somewhat narrowed anteriorly, and not at all excavated in front,
but with the angles sloped off (or obliterated) ; and it is slightly rect-
angular behind (where it is about as broad as the base of the elytra),
but with the angles themselves a little rounded: it is, also, unmar-
gined and truncate (though a trifle undulated) along its basal edge ;
and it has a wide, but short, fovea on either side within the posterior
angles. The sculpture is peculiar, though of somewhat the same
character as in certain Anaspide—its surface being scarcely punctured,
but, particularly on the head and prothorax, roughened, or embricated.
On the elytra (which are perfectly unstriate) these “ imbrications ”
are less distinct, and more like ordinary transverse wrinkles; and
they are sparingly, but evenly, besprinkled with most minute aspe-
rated granules.
Genus 143. XYLOPHILUS.
(Bonelli) Latr., Fam. Nat. 383 (1825).
§ I. Antenne longiuscule, art? 1™ longiusculo suboblongo, 2% 3%
sequentibus multo brevioribus, minoribus. Oculi magni, parum
distantes (in maribus paulo magis approximati quam in feeminis).
228. Xylophilus gravidicornis, n. sp.
X. ovatus, subnitidus, testaceus, sat dense demisse subcinereo
PEDILID. Pal brs
pubescens ; capite subnigro, minute punctulato ; prothorace trans-
verso-subquadrato postice paulo angustiore, paulo densius profun-
diusque punctato; elytris sat profunde punctatis, pone basin
malleato-inequalibus; antennis elongatis, crassis, sensim obscu-
rioribus (sc. pallido-ferrugineis).—Long. corp. lin. circa 1.
Hatitat 8. Iago; in loco quodam inéeriore juxta Villa da Praia, ad
flores Callotrupidis procera, 4 Dom. Gray parce lectus.
Two examples (a male and female) of this little Xylophilus were
captured by Mr. Gray, at a low elevation, in S. Iago—by beating
the flowers of Callotrupis procera close to the Villa da Praia. Their
rather elongate antenne, the second and third joints of which are
minute compared with the remainder, in conjunction with their
large eyes (which, although somewhat more approximated in the
males than in the females, are nevertheless tolerably distant in
both sexes), show them to belong to the typical members of the
group. In its size, outline, and testaceous hue, the species at first
sight much resembles the X. pallescens ; but, apart from the charac-
ters to which I have just alluded, and which remove it into a dif-
ferent Section of the genus, it may be known from that insect by
its head being black, its pubescence appreciably coarser and less
dense, its antenne thicker (as well as more elongate), and its punc-
tation deeper—particularly on the elytra (which are likewise a trifle
more oyate, or rounded behind the middle).
§ I. Antenne breviores (capitis prothoracisque circiter longitudine),
art? 1” via elongato ovali, 2° 3°que sequentibus longitudine sub-
equalibus. Oculi minores, in utroque sexu valde distantes. (Phy-
tobsenus, Sahlb.)
229. Xylophilus pallescens.
X. subovatus, subnitidus, testaceus, densissime et minutissime sub-
cinereo sericatus ; capite fere impunctato ; prothorace transverso-
subquadrato postice paulo angustiore, minutissime punctulato ;
elytris paulo distinctius (tamen minute) punctulatis, pone basin
leviter malleato-inzequalibus ; antennis brevibus, vix obscuriori-
bus.—Long. corp. lin. 1-1}.
Xylophilus pallescens, Woll., Ins. Mad. 538, tab. xiii. f. 3 (1854).
, Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 167 (1857).
—— —, ld., Cat. Can. Col. 526 (1864).
—— —,, Id., Col, Atl. 440 (1865).
Habitat S. Antao, 8. Iago, Fogo, et Brava; inter quisquilias atque in
cultis, late sed parce diffusus.
This totally pallid Xylophilus, which is found within the cultivated
218 ANTHICIDA.
districts of the Madeiran and Canarian Groups, is widely spread over
the Cape Verde archipelago—where we may expect that it will be
ascertained to be universal. It is decidedly scarce, however—occur-
ring amongst decayed vegetable refuse at most altitudes, though more
particularly at intermediate and rather lofty ones. Indeed it may
often be taken on the wing, about gardens and other cultivated
grounds. I captured it at Tarrafal, as well as towards the head of
the Ribeira das Patas, in 8. Antéo, at San Domingos and 8S Catha-
rina in S, Iago, at the Monte Nucho in Fogo, and at the Poyoacio in
Brava. Apart from its entirely testaceous hue and abbreviated an-
tenn (the second and third joints of which, however, are not so short,
relatively, as is the case in the last species), it may be known by its
extremely delicate punctation, by the remarkably fine and minute
sericeous pubescence with which it is densely clothed, and by its eyes
(although sufficiently large) being smaller than those of the gravidi-
cornis, and widely distant from each other in both sexes.
Fam. 55. ANTHICIDA.
Genus 144. ANTHICUS.
Paykull, Fina Suec. i. 255 (1798).
230. Anthicus floralis.
Anthicus floralis, Fab., Syst. Eleu. i. 29 (1801).
, Woll., Cat. Mad. Col. 164 (1857).
, Id., Cat. Can. Col. 517 (1864),
, Id., Col, Atl, 443 (1865).
Habitat 8. Antao, 8. Iago, et Fogo ; hine inde inter quisquilias.
——s
The common European A. floralis—which has become widely dis-
tributed (probably through human agency) over the world, and which
occurs in the Madeiran and Canarian Groups—has established itself
in the Cape Verde archipelago, where we may expect that it will be
found to be universal. It occurs, though sparingly, amongst vege-
table refuse, and was taken by Mr. Gray (at a high elevation in the
Ribeira das Patas) in S. Antéo, by myself (at San Domingos and S*
Catharina) in S. Iago, and by both of us (near the Porto da Luz) in
Fogo. Ineed scarcely point out its distinctive characters ; suffice it
to add that its somewhat robust body, its shining, sharply-punctured
surface and black colour—the hinder part, however, of the prothorax
and the anterior portion of the elytra being more or less brightly suf-
fused with a rufo-testaceous tint—combined with its rather large,
subquadrate head, its irregular, or malleated, subbasal elytral impres-
ANTHICID&. 219
sions, the diluted hue of its limbs (or at any rate of the tibia, tarsi,
and antenn), and the eacessively diminutive pubescence with which
it is sparingly besprinkled, will at once serve to separate it from the
other Anthici here enumerated. It varies somewhat in colour—the
entire prothorax being often rufescent, and occasionally even the head
likewise. The state in which the latter peculiarity obtains is com-
paratively rare, but most of my Fogo specimens are in that predica-
ment.
231, Anthicus crinitus.
A, elongatus, nitidus, parce, grosse et suberecte cinereo pilosus ; ca-
pite majusculo, snbquadrato-ovali, longe pone oculos subtruncato
et, una cum prothorace, parcissime punctato (postice in medio fere
impunctato), nigro-piceo, postice spe dilutiore, hoc subcordato,
basi tenuiter constricto, lete rufo-ferrugineo; elytris densius et
valde profunde punctatis, nigris, singulis macula magna obliqua
mox pone basin (sepius partem basalem fere obtegente) et altera
parva subpostica suturali, rufo-testaceis, ornatis; antennis pedibus-
que elongatis, saturate testaceis, illis versus apicem tarsisque vix
obseurioribus, femoribus versus apicem picescentibus.
Variat (preesertim in ins. S. Antdéo) prothorace subnigro, et (rarius)
elytrorum macula postica centrali obsoleta.—Long. corp.lin. 11-1}.
Anthicus crinitus, Za Ferté, Mon. des Anth. 204 (1848).
—— —, Woll., Cat. Mad. Col. 165 (1857).
» Id., Cat. Can. Col. 518 (1864).
——, Id., Col, Atl. 444 (1865).
Habitat 8. Antao, 8. Vicente, 8. Iago, et Brava; sub quisquiliis in
inferioribus intermediisque, late sed vix copiose diffusus.
An Anthicus which is widely spread over northern and western
Africa, and which occurs (though not very abundantly) both in the
Madeiran and Canarian Groups. In the Cape Verde archipelago it
is by no means common, though at the same time so generally distri-
buted that we may expect it to be found universally. It occurs,
beneath vegetable refuse, from the sea-level (where it may often be
captured even in brackish spots) to a high altitude on the mountains,
and was taken by Mr. Gray and myself in 8. Antao and 8. Iago, and
by myself in 8. Vicente and Brava. My 8. Antio specimens are
from Tarrafal and the head of the Ribeira das Patas, and the 8. Iago
ones from the Villa da Praia, San Domingos, the Ribeira dos Orgaos,
and S* Catharina; and I met with a single example near Porto
Grande in 8. Vicente, and with another at the Porto da Furna in
Brava. In the north of 8. Antao it was obtained likewise by Dr. H.
Dohrn.
The A. crinitus may be known by its head (which is squarish-oval
220 ANTHICID®.
and very sparingly punctured) being more or less black, by its pro-
thorax (on which the punctures are a little more dense) being usually
rufo-ferruginous, whilst its elytra (which are very deeply punctured)
have a large oblique patch, on each, which covers nearly the whole
basal (or subbasal) region, and a smaller one on the suture, midway
between the centre and apex, more or less clearly rufo-testaceous.
Its entire surface is shining, and sparingly beset with elongate, sub-
erect, cinereous hairs. Its prothorax is sometimes almost dark ; and
in most of the examples which I have seen from 8. Antao this is more
or less the case.
232. Anthicus dimidiatus.
A. angusto-elongatus, gracilis, nitidus, niger (vel piceo-niger) sed
elytris antice pallidis, dense et leviter punctulatus, et demisse
minuteque cinereo pubescens ; capite obovato, pone oculos rotun-
dato; prothorace subcordato, basi grosse constricto; elytris sub-
parallelis, nigris, singulis macula magné obliqué mox pone basin
(seepius partem basalem fere obtegente) rufo-testacea ornatis (nec-
non interdum ad apicem obsolete et suffuse dilutioribus) ; antennis
pedibusque gracilibus, elongatis, saturate testaceis, femoribus pi-
cescentioribus.—Long. corp. lin. 1}-11.
Anthicus dimidiatus, Woll., Cat. Can. Col. 521 (1864).
, Id., Col, Atl, 446 (1865).
Habitat 8. Vicente, et 8. Iago ; hinc inde in salinis, sed haud vulgaris.
This is a saline species, and perhaps therefore widely diffused over
these and Mediterranean latitudes ; nevertheless I am not aware of
its having been detected hitherto except in the Canarian Group—
where, in brackish spots, it is locally far from uncommon. In the
Cape Verde archipelago it was captured sparingly, by Mr. Gray and
myself, near Porto Grande in S$. Vicente, and at the Villa da Praia in
S. Iago ; but we may be pretty sure that, were the edges of the Salinas
carefully examined, it would be met with in comparative abundance.
The A. dimidiatus may be recognized by its narrow, subparallel
outline, and slender limbs; and by its colour (when mature) being
black, or piceous-black, except the limbs and the front region of the
elytra—which have a large, oblique, testaceous patch on each, emme-
diately behind their extreme base, and which appears at first sight
to cover nearly the anterior half. Its head is somewhat small and obo-
vate (being rather long, and considerably rounded, behind the eyes) ;
its prothorax is much constricted at the base ; and its entire surface
is densely and finely punctulated, shining, and thickly clothed with
a most minute, decumbent, cinereous pubescence.
PSELAPHID®. 221
233. Anthicus reductus, n. sp.
A. breviusculus, subopacus, omnino testaceus, sat dense et demisse
subcinereo pubescens ; capite rotundato, mox pone oculos truncato
et, una cum prothorace, sat dense sequaliter punctato, hée brevi,
transverso-subquadrato, postice paulo angustiore (sed haud con-
stricto), angulis (preesertim anticis) argute obtusis ; elytris ovatis,
dense et profunde punctatis; antennis pedibusque breviusculis,
crassiusculis.—Long. corp. lin. 1.
Habitat 8. Iago; sub quisquiliis, juxta Villa da Praia, semel detectus.
A single example of this little Anthicus was taken by myself at a
low elevation in 8S. Iago—beneath vegetable refuse, in a garden, at
the Villa da Praia ; and it may be known from the other species with
which we have here to do by its comparatively small size, its more ab-
breviated outline, and its totally pallid colour. Its head is rounded
and short(the eyes extending almost to the basal region); its prothorax
is likewise short, and transverse, with the angles (particularly the
anterior ones), although obtuse, sharply defined, and a little narrowed,
but not constricted, posteriorly ; and its surface, which is subopake
and (especially of the elytra) rather distinctly punctured, is clothed
with a pale, decumbent pubescence.
Fam. 56. PSELAPHIDZ.
Genus 145. BRYAXIS.
Leach, Zool, Miscell, iii. 85 (1817).
234. Bryaxis gemmula, n. sp.
B. rufo-testacea, aut lete testaceo-ferruginea, nitida, minutissime et
parce punctulata, subtiliter flavescenti-cinereo pubescens ; capite
subtriangulari, inter oculos foveé magna rotundata utrinque, nec-
non antice in medio altera paulo minus profunda, impresso; pro-
thorace parvo, convexo, utrinque versus latera foved magna rotun-
data profunda, necnon basi in medio altera multo minore leviore
punctiformi, impresso ; elytris convexis, postice valde abbreviatis,
singulis strié discali, postice fortiter incurva, instructis ; abdominis
segmento 1™ striola basali abbreviaté in media parte utrinque im-
presso; antennis brevibus, crassis, articulis subapicalibus trans-
versis, apicali magno, ovato basi truncato; pedibus longiusculis,
gracilibus, tibiis intermediis leviter, sed posticis valde curvatis.—
Long. corp. lin. circa 2.
Habtat 8. Antao, 8. Vicente, 8. Iago, et Brava; inter quisquilias hu-
midas, presertim in locis intermediis, late sed parce diffusa.
222 PSELAPHIDZ.
This interesting little Bryaais is exceedingly close to a species in
my possession which was taken in Egypt both by the late Dr. Schaum
and Mr. Melly, and which the former communicated to me under his
own (MS. ?) name of “ rutila.”’ Indeed it seems to differ from the
latter, merely, in its somewhat shorter antenne—the intermediate
joints of which are rather more moniliform, whilst the terminal one
is likewise more abbreviated and not quite so obliquely acuminate
towards its apex. Apart from its exceedingly short and thick an-
tenn, and various other characters, it recedes from the more northern
members of the genus, with which I am acquainted, in having its
central prothoracic fovea extremely small and punctiform. Its entire
surface is reddish-testaceous, and besprinkled with a very minute
yellowish-white pubescence; and its hinder tibie are a good deal
curved. Amongst 31 examples now before me (30 of which were
taken by myself) I cannot detect any sexual peculiarity, unless it be
that the last antennal joint is perhaps a trifle larger in the males than
in the females*.
The B. gemmula is widely spread over the Group, occurring
amongst damp vegetable refuse at intermediate and rather lofty alti-
tudes. I have captured it in the Ribeira Fria and the Ribeira da
Babosa, of S. Antao, at Madeiral in 8. Vicente, at S‘“* Catharina in S.
Iago, and near the Povoacao in Brava ; anda single example was met
with in the first of those islands by Mr. Gray. It is peculiarly inter-
esting from being the only representative of the present family which
we could obtain, by constant and careful sifting, throughout the ar-
chipelago. Insects of this small stature are of course easily over-
looked, and therefore I do not conclude that there are no other Pse-
laphide to be found; but the fact of our having alighted upon this
one in no less than four different islands, and in so many localities
widely separated from each other, is at least presumptive evidence
that species even thus minute did not escape our observations to any
considerable extent.
I may add that the B. gemmula is the only Bryaais which has
hitherto been observed in any of these scattered Atlantic Groups,—
the genus which would appear to supply its place both in the
Madeiran and Canarian archipelagos being (the equally European)
Euplectus.
* Even if the Cape Verde Bryaxis should prove ultimately to be but a geo-
graphical state of the Egyptian one, I believe that the title which I have proposed
for it will still have to be retained; for I am not aware that Schaum ever
published his “ B. rutila.”
i)
Cie)
Oo
STAPHYLINIDE.
Fam. 57. STAPHYLINIDE.
(Subfam. ALEOCHARIDES.)
Genus 146. HOMALOTA.
Mannerheim, Brackél. 73 (1831).
235. Homalota coriaria.
H. subnitida, pubescens punctulisque minutis (in capite abdomineque
parcius) dense irrorata, nigra vel fusco-nigra, elytris (brevibus)
paulo dilutioribus sed versus angulos externos necnon in regione
scutellari paululum magis obscuris; capite sat parvo, subrotundato ;
prothorace sat parvo, breviusculo, postice rotundato, angulis pos-
ticis rotundate obtusis sed sensim determinatis, in disco postico
late sed leviter impresso; antennis breviusculis, nigro-fuscis, ad
basin pedibusque saturate testaceis——Long. corp. lin. 1-vix 13.
Homalota sodalis, Woll. [nec Erich., 1857], Ins. Mad. 554 (1854).
coriaria (Miller), Kraatz, Nat. der Ins. Deutsch. ii. 282 (1856).
, Woll., Cat. Mad. Col. 177 (1857).
— — , ld., Cat. Can. Col. 546 (1864).
, Id., Col. Atl. 469 (1865).
Habitat 8. Antio, 8. Vicente, S. Nicolao, 8. Iago, Fogo, et Brava ;
inter quisquilias vulgaris.
The European H. coriaria is by far the most abundant of the Ho-
malotas throughout these Atlantic Groups. In the Madeiras ané
Canaries it swarms, and it has been met with (though more sparingly)
in all the islands of the Cape Verde archipelago which have hitherte
been investigated ; and we may feel pretty confident that it will be
found to be quite universal. It occurs chiefly amongst vegetable re-
fuse, and at most elevations—though principally at intermediate ones.
It was captured by Mr. Gray and myself in 8S. Antao, 8S. Vicente, S.
Iago, and Brava, by Mr. Gray in 8. Nicolao, and by myself in Fogo.
In §. Antao it was obtained likewise by Dr. H. Dohrn. It may be
known by its very finely punctulated surface and black (or brownish-
black) hue—the elytra, however, being always a little more diluted,
or fuscescent (though less evidently so towards their outer apical
angles),—and by its prothorax being rather small and short, and
lightly (but broadly) impressed on the hinder disk.
236. Homalota subputrescens, n. sp.
H. subnitida, grosse pubescens punctulisque (in capite abdomineque
parcius) sat dense irrorata, nigra, elytris (depressiusculis, subqua-
dratis) testaceis sed versus angulos posticos externos necnon (suf-
fusius) in regione scutellari nigrescentibus ; capite transverso-sub-
224 STAPHYLINID”.
rotundato; prothorace transverso, lato, postice rotundato, angulis
posticis rotundate obtusis sed sensim determinatis, in medio leviter
obsoletissime canaliculato; antennis crassis, art® ult? longiusculo
subconico, nigro-fuscis, ad basin pedibusque testaceis.—Long. corp.
a dd
lin. 13-1}.
Habitat 8. Antao, 8. Iago, Fogo, et Brava ; inter quisquilias humidas
(preesertim in fructibus Citrz awrantic putridis), preecipue in in-
termediis hinc inde vulgaris.
Obs.—H. putrescenti, ins. Canariensium, prima facie simillima,
et forsan ejus varietas geographica. Differt prothorace postice paulo
minus leniter rotundato, angulis posticis (obtusis sed) sensim deter-
minatis, elytris argutius punctulatis antennarumque art? ult? yix
minus incrassato ac magis conico.
This is, on the average, a slightly larger and broader insect than
the coriaria, somewhat more coarsely (and, at any rate on the head
and prothorax, less densely) punctulated and pubescent, with its
head usually just appreciably larger, its prothorax wider, most obso-
letely channelled, but free from the shallow depression on the hinder
disk, its antenne a trifle longer, and its elytra (which are, if anything,
more developed and depressed) paler or more testaceous—though, at
the same time, darkly infuscated in the scutellary region and towards
the outer apical angles. It is so closely allied to the Canarian H.
putrescens (which, however, is chiefly of Euphorbia-infesting habits)
that I would not be quite sure that it is more than a geographical
modification of it. It differs merely in its prothorax being a little
less rounded off posteriorly (or with the basal angles appreciably more
defined), in its elytra being more sharply punctulated, and in the last
joint of its antenne being a trifle less thickened, or more conical.
The H. subputrescens is widely spread over the Group, where in
all probability it will be found to be universal. It occurs amongst
putrid vegetable refuse, chiefly at intermediate elevations; and it often
swarms within the decaying Oranges which so frequently strew the
ground, beneath the trees, in cultivated spots. I have taken it in S.
Antao, 8. Iago, Fogo, and Brava—in the first two of which it was
likewise captured by Mr. Gray, and in the first by Dr. H. Dohrn.
237. Homalota clientula.
H, nitida, grosse pubescens punctulisque (in capite abdomineque par-
cissime, in prothorace parce, sed in elytris dense et asperate) irro-
rata, nigra vel fusco-nigra, elytris (brevibus, convexiusculis) plus
minus dilutioribus; capite sat parvo, subrotundato; prothorace
magno, lato, convexo, postice paululum latiore et rotundato, angu-
STAPHYLINID. 225
lis posticis rotundate obtusis (fere obliteratis) ; antennis brevius-
culis, nigro-fuscis, ad basin pedibusque saturate testaceis.
Variat capite prothoraceque aut fere nigris, aut fuscescentibus, aut
etiam clare rufo-ferrugineis.—Long. corp. lin. 1-13.
Homalota clientula, Erich., Gen. et Spec. Staph. 133 (1839).
plebeia, Woll., Ins. Mad. 553 (1854).
, Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 176 (1857).
clientula, Zd., Cat. Can. Col. 545 (1864).
, Id., Col. Atl. 459 (1865).
Habitat 8. Antao,S. Vicente, et Brava ; inter quisquilias, minus fre-
quens.
Obs.—H. coriaria differt statura plerumque ‘(sed non semper)
paulo minore, corpore subgrossius pubescente, prothorace majore
et (preesertim postice) latiore necnon (und cum capite) parcius
punctulato, elytris subbrevioribus, subconyexioribus, paulo rugo-
sius asperato-punctatis et seepius aliter coloratis, atque antennis
(articulo ultimo acutiore) sensim minus ihcrassatis.
The European H. clientula—which occurs both in the Madeiran
and Canarian Groups—is very widely spread over the Cape Verde
archipelago, where we may be pretty sure that it is universal. It is
found beneath vegetable refuse, principally at intermediate altitudes,
and was taken by myself in 8. Antaéo and 8, Vicente, and by Mr.
Gray in Brava. From its general size, and the more or less brown-
ish hue of its elytra, it might almost be confounded at first sight with
the coriaria ; nevertheless a closer inspection will show that it is
totally distinct from that species,—being not only, on the average, a
trifle smaller, more shining, and more coarsely pubescent, but with
the punctation of its head and prothorax less dense, with the latter
relatively larger and wider (particularly behind), with its elytra (which
are, if anything, somewhat shorter and convexer) more roughened
with asperated punctules, and with its antennz (which have their
apical joint a little aeuter) rather less thickened.
238. Homalota exsecrabilis, n. sp.
H, precedenti affinis, sed (nisi fallor) vix ejus varietas. Differt cor-
pore paulo minore obscuriore, sc. nigro, pedibus (subgracilibus)
solum, preesertim tarsis, paulo dilutioribus, sensim minus nitido
(oculo fortissime armato etiam minute subalutaceo), minus pubes-
cente, necnon (sub lente fortissima) paulo densius, ac distincte
profundius, punctato.—Long. corp. lin. 1.
Habitat 8. Iago; semel tantum deprehensa.
The single example from which the above comparative diagnosis
Q
226 STAPHYLINID.
has been drawn out, and which was taken by myselfin 8. Iago, seems
to differ too much from the common H/. clientula to be treated as a
variety of that species ; and I have, therefore, described it as distinct.
Judging from the individual before me, the H. exsecrabilis is appre-
ciably smaller and darker than the clentula (being, apparently, black,
with the legs, and particularly the feet, somewhat diluted in hue),
less pubescent, a trifle less shining (being even slightly alutaceous
when viewed under the microscope), and with its punctation both a
little denser and coarser.
259. Homalota glareosa, n. sp.
H. fusiformis (antice et postice paulo attenuata), subopaca, grosse
subfulvo pubescens punctisque asperatis (an potius granulis?)
ubique densissime et argute irrorata, nigra, elytris saturate testa-
ceis sed versus angulos posticos externos necnon (suffusius) in re-
gione scutellari nigrescentibus ; capite subrotundato ; prothorace
sat magno, lato, antice angustato, postice rotundato, angulis pos-
ticis rotundate obtusis ; antennis longiusculis, fere nigris (ad basin
paulo dilutioribus); pedibus saturate testaceis.—Long. corp. lin.
13-132.
Habitat 8. Antéo, 8. Nicolao, et S. Iago; in stercore bovino, late
diffusa.
In its fusiform outline and dense sculpture, as well as in its rather
large, posteriorly-widened prothorax, more or less pallid elytra, and
stercoraceous habits, this Homalota is on much the same type as the
Enropean H. melanaria, Sahl. ; nevertheless it is very much smaller
and more opake, its sculpture is (relatively) even still closer and more
asperate (for it 1s difficult to say whether it should be defined as
punctured or granuled), its prothorax is more narrowed in front, and
its antenne are darker and less thickened. Perhaps at the mght
season of the year it would be found to be tolerably abundant, and
even universal; but during our late expedition we obtained but few
specimens of it—and those in the dung of cattle, at low and inter-
mediate altitudes. I took it in 8. Antéo and 8S. Iago; and it was
met with by Mr. Gray in the former of those islands, as well as (du-
ring his previous cruise) in 8. Nicoléo. It seems to be variable in
stature, and somewhat so even in the development of its elytra.
240. Homalota carbunculus, n. sp.
. , & . . .
H. subfusiformis, subnitida, sat grosse pubescens punctisque (in ca-
pite abdomineque parce, in prothorace sat densius, sed in elytris
dense et asperate) irrorata, atra; prothorace sat magno, lato, an-
STAPHYLINIDA. Da
tice leviter angustato, postice rotundato, angulis posticis rotundate
obtusis; antennis breviusculis, piceo-nigris, concoloribus, art® ult™®
ovato ; pedibus testaceo-piceis, tarsis pallidioribus.—Long. corp.
lin. 1-1}.
Habitat 8. Antao, 8. Vicente, S. Nicolao, 8. Iago, Fogo, et Brava ;
in stercore vulgaris.
Obs.—Species H. nigre, Kraatz, Europes, statura parva coloreque
nigro prima facie subsimilis, sed tamen toto ccelo distincte ; differt
corpore magis fusiformi et grossius pubescente, punctura sensim
remotiore ac minus subtih, prothorace presertim postice multo
latiore antennisque brevioribus, art? ult™? conspicue minus elon-
gato.
The comparatively minute size and subfusiform outline of this little,
deep-black Homalota, which, however, has its legs (and particularly
the feet) more diluted in hue, combined with the short and ovate
apical joint of its antennee, will at once distinguish it from the other
species here enumerated. It occurs in the dung of cattle, and ap-
pears to be universal throughout the archipelago—having been cap-
tured in, at any rate, all the islands which have yet been explored.
It was taken by Mr. Gray and myself in 8. Antao and Fogo, by my-
self in S. Vicente and 8. Iago, and by Mr. Gray in 8. Nicoléo and
Brava. It is found at most elevations, though principally at low and
intermediate ones, and is extremely active with its wings in the hot
sunshine *.
Genus 147. OXYPODA.
Mannerheim, Brachél. 69 (1831).
241. Oxypoda hydropathica, n. sp.
O. fusiformis, (abdomine, basi nigro, excepto) subopaca, minutissime
et densissime punctulata et pube fulvescente demissa dense seri-
cata, alatissima ; capite subrotundato, nigro-fusco ; prothorace ely-
trisque fuscis (his paululum subtestaceo dilutioribus), illo magno,
convexo, lato, transverso-subquadrato; elytris intra angulum ex-
ternum emarginato-excavatis; abdominepiliselongatis erectis parce
obsito ; antennis (gracilibus, fragilibus) pedibusque testaceis, illa-
* From its small size, black hue, and slightly diluted legs, the H. carbunculus
has a certain primd facie resemblance to the European H. nigra (which occurs
also in the Madeiran and Canarian Groups); nevertheless, when closely in-
spected, it will be seen to be totally distinct, belonging to almost a different
type. ‘Thus it is more fusiform in outline (or less parallel), and clothed with a
rather coarser pubescence, its punctation is somewhat less fine and more re-
mote, its antenne are a little shorter, with their apical joint less elongate, and
(above all) its prothorax is larger and wider—especially behind.
a2
228 STAPHYLINID®.
rum articulis subbasalibus paululum obscurioribus.—Long. corp.
lin. vix 1.
Habitat 8. Antio, 8. Vicente, et Fogo? ; inter quisquilias marcidas
in aquaticis rarissima, volare gaudens.
Having but a single specimen of this minute and fragile Staphy-
linid from which to judge, I have been unwilling to run the risk of
dissecting it; nevertheless I feel almost satisfied that it is a true
Oxypoda, though it appears to possess the subaquatic habits of Myl-
lena and Deinopsis.
It was taken by myself in S. Vicente—from beneath sodden leaves
alongside (indeed almost 7m) the little stream which issues from the
dripping rocks at Madeiralzinho; and I met with another (which I
afterwards lost), in a similar situation, at Tarrafal, in the south of
S. Antaéo; and I feel pretty confident that it was the same species,
of which I obtained a third example (which, however, was destroyed
in my collecting-bottle) at the Fonte of the Monte Nucho in Fogo.
And if this be the case, it would seem (although extremely rare) to
be widely spread over the archipelago. It is remarkably active—not
only with its legs, but also with its wings (which are most largely
developed).
The O. hydropathica may be known by its closely punctulated, sub-
opake, densely sericeous surface—the abdomen, however, which is
black, being shining, and sparingly studded with elongate suberect
hairs ; by its head being of a darkish brown, whilst the prothorax
and elytra (the former of which is large, and transverse-quadrate)
are of a more diluted, or paler, hue, and by its limbs being fragile
and testaceous—the antenne especially being slender, and with their
subbasal joints slightly obscured.
Genus 148. ALEOCHARA.
Gravenhorst, Col. Micropt. 67 (1802).
242, Aleochara puberula.
A. fusiformis, quasi subopaca, crebre punctulata pubeque fulvescente
demissa dense sericata, nigra, elytris intus plus minus rubescenti-
bus ; prothorace in limbo szepius anguste dilutiore ; elytris rubes-
centibus sed versus angulos externos, in parte magna scutellari
triangulari, necnon szepius per suturam plus minus late obscuratis,
densius asperato-punctulatis, postice intra angulum externum
sinuatis ; antennis brunneis, ad basin et apicem ipsissimum, palpis
pedibusque saturate testaceis.—Long. corp. lin. vix 2-23.
STAPHYLINID. 229
Aleochara puberula, Klug, Col. Madagase. 51 (1833).
decorata, Aubé, Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de France, 311 (1850).
Armitagei, Woll., Ins. Mad. 559 (1854).
puberula, Ld., Cat. Mad. Col. 180 (1857).
, Id., Cat. Can, Col. 551 (1864).
, Id., Col. Atl. 473 (1865).
Habitat 8. Antao, 8. Iago, Fogo, et Brava; inter quisquilias degens
An Aleochara which may be known by its very fusiform outline,
by its closely-punctured and densely fulyo-pubescent surface, by the
suffused, red, oblique dash on each of its elytra (which are sinuated
towards their outer apical angles), and by its antenne being of a
brownish tint, with their base and ewtreme apex (like the legs)
testaceous. It is a species of a very wide geographical range—
occurring in Mediterranean latitudes, the Madeiran and Canarian
Groups, and many distant parts of the world (where perhaps it may
have become established through human agency). There cannot be
much doubt that it is universal in the Cape Verde archipelago,
though hitherto it has been observed in only four of the islands,—
having been taken by myself in 8. Antao, 8. Iago, Fogo, and Brava,
in the first and last of which it was captured likewise by Mr. Gray.
In 8. Antao it was also found by Dr. H. Dohrn. It is principally
to be met with amongst decaying vegetable refuse, though occasion-
ally in the dung of cattle.
243. Aleochara comma, n. sp.
A, fusiformis, crassa, latiuscula, nitida, parce et profunde punctata
pubeque fulvescente grossa subdemissa parce vestita, nigra elytris
late testaceo-rufis ; prothorace ad latera (rarius in limbo) paulu-
lum dilutiore, in disco punctis duobus paulo majoribus utrinque
longitudinaliter notato; elytris testaceo-rufis vel lete rufo-casta-
neis, aut concoloribus aut (seepius) versus angulos externos ob-
scuratis, densius asperato-punctatis ; antennis brevibus, crassis,
nigris, ad basin, palpis pedibusque clare rufo-ferrugineis.—Long.
corp. lin. 23-vix 3.
Habitat 8. Iago, et Brava ; inter quisquilias in intermediis occurrens.
The comparatively large size and somewhat thickened body of
this beautiful Aleochara, combined with its shining surface, rather
coarse but remote pubescence, black hue, bright rufo-castaneous
elytra (which, however, are usually a little obscured towards the outer
apical angles), and short, incrassated antennee—the basal portion of
which, together with the legs, is clear rufo-ferruginous—will at once
distinguish it from the other species with which we have here to do.
230 STAPHYLINID®.
It occurs beneath vegetable detritus at intermediate altitudes, and
was taken by myself at S* Catharina in the interior of S. Iago, and
close to the Povoacio in Brava. In the latter locality it was abun-
dant—amongst dead leaves and loose friable earth, around the roots
of ferns and other plants, at the foot of the more or less perpendi-
cular mountain-sides, outside the town. When disturbed, it coun-
terfeits death even more completely than is ordinarily the case with
the Aleocharas—bending its head against its breast, and curving
its abdomen, so as to assume much the shape of a comma (from
which circumstance I have adopted its specific name).
244. Aleochara 4-punctata, n. sp.
A, subfusiformis, subnitida, pube grisea demissa parce vestita, nigra
elytris intus testaceo-rufis; capite prothoraceque minutissime alu-
taceis et parce punctatis (punctis sat magnis sed levibus), hoc in
disco punctis duobus multo majoribus (sc. maximis) utrinque
longitudinaliter notato et se#pius alteraé media versus latera im-
presso ; elytris testaceo-rufis sed versus angulos externos (et spe
suffusius, obscurius angustiusque ad basin) obscur atis, densius aspe-
rato-punctatis ; antennis palpisque nigrescentibus, jllis ad basin
hisque ad apicem paulo dilutioribus ; ‘pedibus rufo-piceis, tarsis
pallidioribus.—Long. corp. lin. 13 21,
Aleochara ae eae Fauvel, in litt.
Habitat 8. Antao, 8. Vicente, 8. Iago, Fogo, et Brava; in stercore
vulgaris.
Although extremely variable in stature, this Aleochara descends to
a smaller size than either of the preceding species ; but in its gene-
ral sculpture and colouring it is more on the type of the A. comma
than on that of the puberula. Apart however from its comparatively
small bulk, it may be known by its head and prothorax being alu-
tuceous (and therefore less shining), and with the four additional
punctures on the disk of the latter exceedingly large and conspicu-
ous, by its (rufo-testaceous) elytra being more evidently obscured
towards the sides and outer apical angles, and by its antennz being
less incrassated and, together with the legs, more darkened through-
out. It occurs in dung, at low and intermediate altitudes; and we
may be pretty sure that it is universal in the archipelago,—having
been captured by Mr. Gray and myself in §. Antao, S. Vicente,
8. Iago, and Fogo, and by Mr. Gray in Brava*.
* Before examining this Aleochara, I had imagined, from its general aspect
and colouring, that it was identical with the European A. nitida; but a closer
inspection shows it to be totally distinct, and more (in reality) on the type of the
rye)
jay)
po
STAPHYLINIDA.
Genus 149, OLIGOTA.
Mannerheim, Brachél. 72 (1831)
245. Oligota contempta, n. sp.
O. linearis, subnitida, parce griseo pubescens, fusco-nigra, elytris
plus minus fuscis, abdominis apice testaceo; capite prothoraceque
minutissime punctulatis ; elytris abdomineque densius rugosiusque
subasperato-punctatis ; antennis pedibusque saturate testaceis,
illarum articulis 3 ulterioribus parum abrupte incrassatis.—Long.
corp. lin. 3-vix %.
Habitat 8. Antio, 8. Iago, et Brava; inter quisquilias necnon sub
cortice arborum laxo emortuo, preecipue in intermediis, rarior.
Although scarce, this little Oligota seems to be widely spread over
the archipelago—where it occurs, both amongst vegetable refuse
and beneath the loosened bark of trees, principally at intermediate
altitudes. JI captured it towards the head of the Ribeira das Patas
in 8. Antao, at San Domingos and (under the dead bark of a native
Ficus) in the Ribeira dos Orgdos in 8. Lago, and on the mountains
above the Povoacao in Brava. Its linear outline, more or less con-
spicuously fuscescent elytra, and the testaceous apex of its abdomen,
added to its 3-jointed antennal club, would seem, when combined,
to separate it from the European O. pusilluna and atomaria—in
which the clava of the antenne is, likewise, triarticulate.
Genus 150. NEMATOSCELIS (nov. gen.).
Genus antennis (ad oculorum marginem internum insertis) 10-, tar-
sisque (nisi fallor) 4-articulatis, necnon paraglossis nullis, cum
Oligotd congruens ; sed palporum maallarium art? ult? (aciculari)
longiore, sc. penultimo vix breviore ; palpis labialibus magis coni-
cis, art? 1™° brevi, 2% multo longioré subgraciliore subeylindrico,
ult® quam hic vix breviore ac paulo angustiore (se. aciculari); l-
gula brevissima, inter palpos rotundate prominula sed integra (nec
divaricate bifida) et setulis duabus longissimis instructa ; pedibus-
que multo longioribus (sc. longissimis), gracillimis, differre videtur.
Corpus breviusculum, latum sed utrinque attenuatum (ut in Zachy-
porinis), alatissimum ; capite deflexo ; prothorace postice lato (co-
A, comma. Thus its elytra are very much more thickly, and less deeply punc-
tured, and more broadly rufescent—being in fact testaceo-rufous, but obscured
towards the edges and external angles (instead of having only a small rufescent
patch at the éxzer angle) ; its legs are more piceous ; and its head and prothorax
are minutely a/utaceous (and therefore less shining), and the latter (in addition
to its scattered shallow punctures) has two large punctiform i impressions arranged
longitudinally on either side of its disk, as well as another (less distinct) midway
between these and either outer edge.
202 STAPHYLINID.
leopterorum latitudine) et in medio rotundate producto; anten-
narum art® 1™° et 2 longiusculis ecrassiusculis, clavé abrupte
3-articulata; tibiis apice inarmatis; tarsorwnque posteriorum
art® 1™° elongato.
A yypa, filum, et ocxeXis, tibia.
The minute Staphylinid for which I have established the present
genus is closely allied to Oligota—with which it agrees (inter alia)
in the implantation and structure of its 10-jointed antenne, and
its quadriarticulate feet ; but the aciculated last joint of its palpi is
longer, its ligula is shorter, projecting but very slightly between the
labial palpi, where it is rounded and entire (instead of being mi-
nutely bifid and divaricate), but furnished with two powerful sete
which are but slightly shorter than the palpi themselves, and its legs
are considerably longer (being remarkably elongate, and slender).
Its primd facie aspect is most peculiar; for, although its short,
medially-widened, elliptic outline is a good deal on the type which
obtains in the second Section of the European Oligote, and also on
that of the Madeiran Somatium (which, however, belongs to the sub-
family Tachyporides), yet its highly polished, intensely black surface
and pale testaceous antenne, combined with its elongate, wiry legs,
give it a very singular appearance. Its wings are largely developed,
its head is deflexed, its antenne have their first two joints mode-
rately enlarged and the club abruptly triarticulate, its excessively
narrow tibie are free from apical spurs, and its four hinder feet have
their basal joint a good deal lengthened.
246. Nematoscelis filipes, n. sp.
N. breviter elliptica, lata, nitidissima, atra, antennis flavo-testaceis,
et punctulis pubeque demissa parcissime adspersa; elytris vix
minus nitidis (oculo fortissime armato subtilissime et levissime
transversim strigulosis); pedibus longissimis, gracillimis, paulo
dilutioribus (i. e. seepius hinc inde subtestaceis),—Long. corp. lin.
circa 4.
Habitat 8. Antao, et 8. Vicente; ad folia floresque Lablabie vulga-
ris, Savi, 4 Dom. Gray in cultis intermediis deprehensa.
It is somewhat remarkable that I did not take this curious little
insect at all, though it was found in several localities by Mr. Gray
(and rather abundantly). In every instance he obtained it, only, by
beating the plants of an eatable Bean (the Lablabia vulgaris—known
locally under the name of “ Feijaéo”) in cultivated spots of interme-
diate altitudes. In such situations he met with it on the hill-sides
STAPHYLINIDA. 200
above the Ribeira Fria, as well as towards the head of the Ribeira
das Patas, in 8. Antao, and at Madeiralzinho in 8. Vicente.
(Subfam. GYMNUSIDES.)
Genus 151. MYLLANA.
Erichson, Kéf. der Mark Brand. i. 382 (1837).
247. Myllena fuscula, n. sp.
M. fusiformis, opaca, minutissime et densissime punctulata (fere
quasi granulata) pubeque brevi omnino demissa dense sericata,
fusca, capite et presertim abdomine (apice excepto) paulo nigres-
centioribus ;_prothorace subquadrato, antice paulo angustiore, ad
latera sequaliter vix rotundato; elytris postice leviter sinuatis
(quare ad angulos externos retrorsum acuminatis); antennis pedi-
busque fragilibus, saturate testaceis, illis ad basin et apicem inter-
dum etiam subpallidioribus, art? ult? sensim acuminato.—Long.
corp. lin. 1-12.
Habitat 8. 1ago; inter lapillos in aquosis per margines rivulorum,
in intermediis, parce latens.
In size this Myllena is about midway between the European
dubia and intermedia, being more of the stature and outline of the
brevicornis, Matth. (=gracilis, Kr.); nevertheless it belongs to the
same type as the two former species. It is, however, browner, and
relatively a little narrower, as well as a trifle more depressed, than
either of them, its limbs are paler, and its surface is, if anything,
even still more opake. Like the Myjllene generally, it is densely
clothed with a short decumbent sericeous pile, its antennee are ex-
tremely fragile, and its wings are largely developed. In its move-
ments it is exceedingly active, residing beneath wet shingle at the
edges of the streams, and, when disturbed, making its escape either
by flight or by abandoning itself to the surface of the water—on
which it is easily buoyed up by means of the closely set pubescence
with which it is covered. The few examples of it which I have
seen were taken by myself in the Ribeira dos Orgaos, in the interior
of 8. Iago *.
(Subfam. TACHYPORIDES.)
Genus 152. LEUCOPARYPHUS.
Kraatz, Nat. der Ins. Deutsch. ii. 393 (1857).
* Perhaps, in general colouring and aspect, the Cape Verde Myllena is nearer
to the European ©. elongata; but it is distinctly smaller and slenderer than that
species, and its limbs are paler, shorter, and less developed.
234 STAPHYLINIDA,
248. Leucoparyphus silphoides.
Staphylinns silphoides, Zinn., Syst. Nat. i. ii. 684 (1767).
Tachinus silphoides, Woll., Ins. Mad. 570 (1854).
, Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 185 (1857).
Leucoparyphus silphoides, Zd., Col. Atl. 481 (1865).°
Habitat 8. Antao, 8. Iago, et Brava; hine inde, in stercore bovino.
This common European insect—so well distinguished by its highly-
polished, black, and almost unsculptured surface, the elytra, how-
ever (except a large, more or less developed, discal patch), and the
sides of the prothorax, being testaceous—occurs sparingly, in the
dung of cattle, throughout the Cape Verde archipelago, where most
likely it has become established (as it appears to have been in the
Madeiran Group) from more northern latitudes. I have taken it in
the Ribeira da Babosa in 8. Antao, at San Domingos and S“ Catha-
rina in §. Iago, and in the Ribeira do Sorno in Braya. In 8. lago
it was found also by Mr. Gray. The Cape Verde examples have
their antenne a little slenderer than is the case in the ordinary
European ones; but there is nothing about them which has the
slightest claim to be regarded as a specific difference.
(Subfam. QUEDIIDES.)
Genus 153. TANYGNATHUS.
Erichson, Kaf. der Mark Brand. i. 417.
249. Tanygnathus varicornis, n. sp.
7. angustus, elongatus, fusiformis, niger; capite prothoraceque niti-
dissimis, illo angustulo-ovali antice subaeuminato, hoe (postice
coleopterorum latitudine, aut etiam fere sublatiore) antice angus-
tato, in dimidia parte postica rufo-testaceo, angulis posticis ro-
tundatis, in dorso utrinque punctis duobus (uno sc. vix ante
medium, et altero minore mox pone marginem anticum, sitis)
longitudinaliter notato ; scutello (magno) elytrisque paulo minus
nitidis, dense asperato-punctatis et und cum abdomine pube grisea
demissa parce vestitis, elytrorum margine apicali rufo-testaceo et
intra angulos externos sinuato-emarginato; abdomine postice valde
attenuato, subiridescente, magis piceo, segmentis singulis apice
dilutioribus, setis longissimis nigrescentibus parce obsito ; anten-
nis gracilibus, filiformibus, nigrescentibus, art? 1™° fusco-testaceo,
4 apicalibus (und cum palpis longissimis) pallido-testaceis ; pedi-
bus testaceis.—Long. corp. lin. 13-2}.
Habitat S. Antio, et S. Iago; inter quisquilias putridas in Jutosis
juxta margines aquarum, vel stagnantium vel preecipue fluen-
tium, parce latitans.
STAPHYLINIDE. 235
Judging from the description, this Tanygnathus is extremely near
to the very rare European 7’. terminalis, though I think that there
are sufficient differences about it to leave no question that it is never-
theless truly distinct. And indeed, being so unmistakeably indige-
nous in the Cape Verde archipelago, it 1s highly improbable, @ priori,
that it would be found to be actually conspecific with its more northern
ally. Having no type of the latter for comparison, I am compelled
to trust to the diagnosis ; but, unless I am much mistaken, the Cape
Verde species is narrower than the terminalis, with its (slender)
antennze more pallid at their apex, and with its prothorax not only
blacker anteriorly but both paler and more broadly pale behind—
the posterior half (or even more) being of a clear rufo-testaceous
hue. Moreover, in the terminalis no mention is made of the second
(or subapical) puncture on either side of the prothoracic disk. In
their narrow, oval head, basally-rounded prothorax, large scutellum,
and the rufo-testaceous hinder margin of their elytra, the two
species appear to be similar.
Although scarce, or at any rate extremely local, the 7. varicornis
is most thoroughly indigenous throughout the Group, though
hitherto it has been observed only in 8, Antao and 8. Iago. In the
former of those islands I met with it first at Tarrafal, running over
the hot mud (amongst putrid vegetable refuse) which had formed
occasional alluvial deposits at the edges of the stream ; whilst in the
latter I obtained it, in much the same kind of places, at San Do-
mingos, in the Ribeira dos Orgaos, and at S‘* Catharina—by sifting
sodden leaves and rubbish, in damp but sunny places, at the margins
of the watercourses and pools. It would, consequently, seem to be
almost subaquatic in its mode of life. It was captured likewise by
Mr. Gray, though more sparingly, both in 8. Antao and 8. Iago.
Genus 154. HETEROTHOPS.
(Kirby) Steph., 27. Brit. Ent. v. 256 (1832).
250. Heterothops minutus.
H. angustulus, elongatulus, niger; capite prothoraceque nitidissimis,
illo angustulo-obovato, hoc (postice coleopterorum latitudine) an-
tice angustato, angulis posticis rotundatis, in disco utrinque punc-
tis duobus (uno sc. ante medium, et altero minore mox pone
marginem anticum, sitis) necnon perpaucis ad marginem ipsum
basalem notato ; scutello (magno) elytrisque paulo minus nitidis,
distincte asperato-punctatis et una cum abdomine pube grisea de-
missa grossa parce vestitis, elytris vel nigro-piceis apice et ad
humeros dilutioribus, vel testaceo-piceis, vel etiam fusco-testaceis;
236 STAPHYLINID®.
antennis nigrescentibus, art’* 3 basalibus pedibusque plus minus
clare rufo-testaceis.—Long. corp lin. 2-24.
=_
Heterothops minutus, Woll., Ann. Nat. Hist. vi. 53 (1860).
, Id., Cat. Can, Col. 562 (1864).
—— ——, Id., Col. Atl. 485 (1865).
Habitat 8. Antao, 8. Iago, Fogo, et Brava ; inter quisquilias, passim.
T am extremely doubtful whether this variable Heterothops should
not be referred to the common European H. dissimilis ; but, be that
as it may, it appears to be conspecific with my H. minutus of the
Madeiran and Canarian Groups, which I also met with at Mogadore
on the opposite coast of Morocco, We may be pretty sure that it
will be found to be universal throughout the Cape Verde archipelago,
where it occurs under vegetable refuse at nearly all elevations. It
was taken by Mr. Gray and myself in many parts of 8. Antao (such
as the Ribeira Fria, the Ribeira das Patas, Tabouga, and the Ribeira
da Babosa), as well as (at the Villa da Praia, San Domingos, and S*
Catharina) in S. Tago, and on the mountains above the Povoagao in
Brava; and I obtained it at the Fonte of the Monte Nucho, in Fogo.
The Cape Verde examples have the first three joints of their antenns
more brightly rufo-testaceous than is the case in the Canarian ones
now before me; but, as the insect is essentially variable, I can
detect nothing about them to warrant the suspicion that they are
specifically distinct.
(Subfam. STAPHYLINIDES.)
Genus 155. PHILONTHUS.
(Leach) Steph., ZW. Brit. Ent. v. 226 (1852).
§ I. Prothoracis seriebus dorsalibus é punctis 4 compositis.
251. Philonthus marginipennis, n. sp.
P. subfusiformis, capite abdomineque picco-nigris, prothorace ely-
trisque rufo-piceis, his in margine laterali (presertim ad angulos
externos) necnon angustius obscuriusque per suturam subtestaceo
pallidioribus ; elytris (convexiusculis) abdomineque longe, dense,
et demisse fulvo pubescentibus et parum crebre (sed vix profunde)
subasperato-punctatis ; antennis (breviusculis) pedibusque infus-
cate testaceis.—Long. corp. lin. 2.
Philonthus marginipennis, Gory, in litt. (teste Dom° Fauvel),
Habitat 8. Vicente ; 4 cl. Fauvel nuperrime communicatus.
Obs.—Species P. discoideo colore habituque generali prima
facie subsimilis, sed seriebus dorsalibus prothoracicis e punctis 4
STAPHYLINIDA. 237
(nec 5) compositis toto ccelo discedit. Differt preterea P. dis-
coideo statura paulo minore ac magis fusiformi, prothorace ely-
trisque magis piceis, his sensim convexioribus et longioribus, extus
argutius pallido marginatis atque, und cum abdomine, crebrius
leviusque punctatis necnon densius longiusque pilosis.
A single example of a Philonthus has lately been communicated to
me, under the above title, by M. Fauvel, as coming from 8. Vicente ;
and he has added, for comparison; another, of decidedly the same
species, from Senegal; so that I have no reason to doubt the accu-
racy of its professed habitat. In general colouring and aspect it is
a good deal suggestive, at first sight, of the common European P.
discoideus (which has established itself in most of these Atlantic
islands) ; nevertheless the fact of its prothoracic series bemg com-
posed of only four punctures, instead of five, does in reality assign it
to a totally different section of the Philonthi. But, apart from this
primary one, it will be seen (on a closer examination) to have many
characters which will immediately separate it from that species.
Thus it is a little smaller and more fusiform ; and its prothorax
and elytra are more piceous, whilst the latter (which are relatively
a trifle larger and more convex) are more broadly and conspicuously
pallid along their outer margin, as well as, together with the abdo-
men, more densely and finely punctured and more thickly pubescent.
§ IL. Prothoracis seriebus dorsalibus @ punctis 5 compositis.
252. Philonthus scybalarius.
P. ater, elytris abdomineque griseo pubescentibus ; capite ovali ;
elytris subasperato-punctatis ; abdomine sepius subiridescente ;
antennis longiusculis, fusco-nigris, ad basin vix picescentioribus ;
pedibus nigris, coxis anticis femoribusque omnibus intus plus
minus evidenter dilutioribus (sc. subtestaceo tinctis).—Long. corp.
lin, 3-44,
Philonthus scybalarius, Nordm., Symbol. 94 (1838).
varians, Woll. [nec Payk. |, Ins. Mad. 583 (1854).
scybalarius, Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 189 (1857).
, Id., Cat. Can. Col. 571 (1864).
Id., Col. Atl. 492 (1865).
Habitat 8. Antao, et S. Iago; hine inde, vel in stercore bovino vel
sub quisquilis.
This rather large and deep-black Philonthus—so common through-
out Europe and in the Madeiran and Canarian Groups, and which
was taken by the late Mr. Bewicke even at Ascension—will doubt-
less be found to be universal at the Cape Verdes, though hitherto
238 STAPHYLINID®.
it has been captured only in 8. Antéo and S. Iago. In the former
of those islands it-was taken by Dr. H. Dohrn in the north, and by
Mr. Gray (at Tarrafal) in the south; whilst in the latter it was met
with by Mr. Gray and myself at San Domingos, and S Catharina.
It occurs both in the dung of cattle, and under decayed vegetable
refuse generally.
253. Philonthus ventralis.
P.niger,clytris abdomineque grosse fulvescente pubescentibus ; eapite
subquadrato-rotundato ; prothoracis punctis dorsalibus magnis ;
elytris subconvexis, profunde parceque punctatis ; antennis fuscis,
ad basin pedibusque piceo-testaceis.
Variat elytris et interdum etiam prothorace vix picescentioribus.—
Long. corp. lin. 23-3.
Staphylinus ventralis, Grav., Col. Micropt. 174 (1802).
Philonthus , Evich., Gen. et Spec. Staph. 473 (1839).
proximus, Woll., Cat. Mad. Col. 189 (1857).
, Id., Cat. Can. Col. 573 (1864).
, Id., Col. Atl. 493 (1865).
Habitat 8. Jago; inter quisquilias in intermediis, rarior.
A European Philonthus which occurs sparingly both in the Ma-
deiran and Canarian Groups, and which appears to be rare in the
Cape Verde archipelago—the few examples which I have seen hay-
ing been taken by myself (beneath damp, decaying refuse) at S* Ca-
tharina, in the interior of S. Iago. It is smaller, and of a less
intense black, than the scybalarius—both the prothorax and elytra
having occasionally (though by no means always) a faint picescent
tinge; its head is a trifle squarer (or less oval); its elytra are a
little more convex, somewhat more deeply and distantly punctured,
and, together with the abdomen, sparingly clothed with a more ful-
vescent decumbent pile; and its limbs are shorter and paler.
254. Philonthus discoideus.
P. niger, elytris abdomineque grosse fulvescente pubescentibus ; ca-
pite rotundato-quadrato ; elytris paulo picescentioribus, sat pro-
funde parceque punctatis, in limbo et presertim per suturam suf-
fuse rufo-ferrugineis ; antennis breviusculis, clare testaceo-fuscis,
art? 3t° seepius obsolete obscuriore; pedibus piceo-testaceis.— Long.
corp. lin. 2-23.
Staphylinus discoideus, Grav., Col. Micropt. 38 (1802).
Philonthus discoideus, Woll., Cat. Mad. Col. 190 (1857).
, ld., Cat. Can. Col. 573 (1864).
—— ——} Iid., Col. Ail. 493 (1865).
Habitat 8. Antao, 8. Iago, et Fogo; vel sub quisquiliis vel in ster-
core degens.
STAPHYLINID®. 239
Likewise a common European Philonthus, and one which occurs
both in the Madeiran and Canarian Groups. It is widely spread
over the Cape Verde archipelago, where we may be tolerably sure
that it will be ascertained to be universal. I have taken it at Tarra-
fal in the south of 8. Antaéo, and at San Domingos and S Catha-
rina in the interior of 8. Iago; and it was met with, by myself and
Mr. Gray, near the Porto da Luz in Fogo. It is rather smaller
than the provimus, with its head a little squarer, its antennee (which
usually have their third joint obscurely infuscated) shorter and paler,
and with its elytra not only more picescent but conspicuously diluted
both along the margins and suture—especially the latter, which is
more or less rufo-ferruginous. It is a Philonthus which has ac-
quired for itself an extended geographical range, being one of those
species which are easily naturalized (indirectly) through human
agencies. In more northern latitudes it is often very common
about hotbeds and melon frames,
255, Philonthus sinuatus, n. sp.
P. angustus, niger (vix subpiceo-niger), elytris abdomineque fere
ealvis (aut parcissime pubescentibus); capite rotundato-ovali,
punctis perpaucis maximis irrorato; prothorace angustulo, ad latera
ante angulos posticos excavato-sinuato, punctis dorsalibus magnis ;
elytris densissime et argute punctatis; abdomine dense et minute
asperato-punctulatis ; antennis palpisque nigrescentibus, ad basin
piceo-testaceis (horum art® ult? acutissimo) ; pedibus testaceis, hinc
inde picescentioribus.—Long. corp. lin. 34.
Habitat 8. Antio; a cl. H. Dohrn, M.D., semel deprehensus.
The single specimen from which I have compiled the above dia-
gnosis was taken by Dr. H. Dohrn (in the Ribeira de Joao Affonso) in
the north of S. Antao; and before examining it closely I had imagined
it to be an unusually small and narrow example of the P. punctipennis
—with which in its general facies, colour, and sculpture it has much
in common. But amore accurate inspection shows that it belongs to
the Section of the genus in which there are only five punctures down
either side of the prothoracic disk ; and it is further distinguished by
its head being shorter and rounder, by its prothorax being narrower
and suddenly scooped out (or sinuate) on either side in front of the
posterior angles, by its elytra being even still more closely (and not
quite so coarsely) punctured, whilst the punctures of its abdomen are
very much smaller and more dense, and by its antenne and palpi being
darker—the latter, moreover, haying their apical joint even more
acute.
240 STAPHYLINID.
§ III. Prothoracis seriebus dorsalibus é punctis circa 6 vel 7 compositis.
256. Philonthus turbidus.
P. piceo-niger, elytris abdomineque parce griseo pubescentibus ; ca-
pite subquadrato-oblongo, punctis perpaucis maximis irrorato ;
elytris (interdum picescentioribus) dense et argute punctatis ; ab-
domine parcius sed parum grosse punctato, subiridescente; antennis
nigro-fuscis, ad basin rufo-piceis ; palpis pedibusque rufo-testaceis,
hine inde picescentioribus.—Long. corp. lin. 4-5.
Philonthus turbidus, Erich., Gen. et Spec. Staph. 484 (1839).
punctipennis, Woll., Cat. Mad. Col. 192 (1857).
, Id., Cat. Can. Col. 575 (1864).
—— —, Id., Col. Ati, 495 (1865).
Habitat 8. Antao, 8. Nicolao, 8. Iago, et Fogo ; sub quisquiliis parce
latens.
A large and elongate Philonthus, which may be known by its some-
what piceous-black hue, by its prothoracic series being composed of
about six, or seven (which appears to be the normal number), or even
eight, punctures down either side of the disk, by its elytra (which
are sometimes more diluted in hue) being deeply, rather closely, and
sharply punctured, by its abdomen being slightly iridescent and with
its punctures likewise coarse, though not quite so dense, and by its
antennze being dark brown, whilst the palpi and legs are dull rufo-
testaceous.
The P, turbidus is found principally at intermediate altitudes and
beneath damp vegetable refuse, and is widely spread over the archi-
pelago. I met with it in the Ribeira Fria and the Ribeira das Patas,
as well as at Tarrafal, in 8. Antaéo; at San Domingos, 8S“ Catharina,
and in the Orgios ravine, in 8. Iago; and at the Monte Nucho, in
Fogo. In S. Iago it was captured likewise by Mr. Gray, who also
obtained it (during 1864) in 8. Nicoléo. Although nowhere abun-
dant, it appears to be generally distributed throughout these various
Atlantic Groups—occurring both at the Madeiras and Canaries ; and
it would seem indeed to have a very extended geographical range,
being recorded by Erichson from Madagascar, whilst specimens have
been communicated to me by Fauyel from the Mauritius, Assam,
and Egypt.
§ IV. Prothorax (et caput) grosse punctatus, lined media longi-
tudinal levi.
257. Philonthus tenellus.
P. angusto-filiformis, niger, elytris abdomineque grosse griseo pu-
STAPHYLINIDA. 241
bescentibus ; capite (subquadrato) prothoraceque utrinque parce et
valde profunde punctatis; elytris densius ac multo subtilius sub-
asperato-punctulatis; abdominis segmentis singulis (presertim
basalibus) convexis et postice grosse denseque punctatis ; antennis
piceis, ad basin, palpis pedibusque inzqualiter piceo-testaceis ;
palporum art? ult? acutissime conico.—Long. corp. lin. 13-2.
Philonthus tenellus, Woll., Cat. Can. Col. 576 (1864).
,Id., Col. Atl. 495 (1865).
Hahitat 8. Antao, et 8. Iago; inter lapillos, necnon in lutosis, ad
margines aquarum, vel fluentium vel stagnantium, latitans.
A minute, narrow, filiform species, which may be known by its
head and prothorax being very sparingly but most coarsely punctured
on either side and unsculptured down the centre, by its antennz being
piceous, with their base and the legs piceo-testaceous, and by the
terminal joint of its maxillary palpi being very acute but conical. I
captured it sparingly at Tarrafal in the south of 8. Antao, as well as
at San Domingos and in the Orgaos ravine in 8S. Iago,—in both in-
stances amongst either mud or wet shingle, at the edges of the streams
and pools. It would probably therefore be met with more generally,
if searched for in the proper situations. It appears to be conspecific
with my P. tenellus, found in similar localities in the Canarian Group,
and also closely allied to the Madeiran P. filiformis—which possibly,
however, may be but a geographical modification of the European P.
procerulus.
(Subfam. XANTHOLINIDES.)
Genus 156. LEPTACINUS.
Erichson, Kaf, der Mark Brand. i. 429 (1837).
258. Leptacinus parumpunctatus.
ZL, nitidissimus, niger, elytris (extus seriatim punctatis) paulo dilu-
tioribus necnon ad angulos posticos externos pellucido-testaceis ;
capite triangulari, utrinque valde profunde sed parce punctato, an-
tice 4-sulcato ; prothoracis seriebus dorsalibus circa 5-6-puncta-
tis; antennis ferrugineis; pedibus piceo-testaceis.—Long. corp.
lin. 23-3.
Staphylinus parumpunctatus, Gyll., Ins. Suec. iv. 481 (1827).
Leptacinus parumpunctatus, Erich., Gen. et Spec. Staph. 353 (1839).
, Woll., Cat. Can. Col. 579 (1864).
—, Id., Col. Atl, 498 (1865).
Halitat 8. Antao, 8. Iago, Fogo, et Braya; sub quisquiliis, neenon
in stercore, passim.
R
242 STAPHYLINIDE.
This common European Leptacinus—which occurs in the Madeiran
and Canarian Groups—is widely spread over the Cape Verde archi-
pelago, where it is found (both under refuse and in the dung of cattle)
at low and intermediate altitudes. It was met with by Mr. Gray and
myself at Tarrafal and Tabouga in 8. Antao, and near the Porto da
Luz in Fogo, and by myself at S* Catharina in S. Iago, as well asin
the Ribeira do Sorno in Brava.
(Subfam. PASDERIDES.)
Genus 157. SCOPAUS.
Erichson, Gen. et Spec. Staph. 604 (1889).
259. Scopzus crassipes, n. sp.
S. subtilissime punctulatus, nitidus, minute sed vix dense cinereo
sericeus, piceus ; capite magno, convexo, subquadrato ; prothorace
subobovato, seepius (sed haud semper) paulo rufescentiore, basi in
medio tenuiter carinato et breviter bumpresso; elytris evidentius
dense punctulatis, postice plus minus dilutioribus ; abdomine sub-
opaco, densissime subasperato-punctulato, apice paulo dilutiore ;
antennis testaceis, in medio (interdum ubique, apice excepto) seepius
obsolete obsecuris ; pedibus crassiusculis, saturate testaceis.—Long.
corp. lin. 11-1}.
Habitat 8. Antao, 8. Vicente, 8. Iago, Fogo, et Brava ; inter lapillos
latens, per margines aquarum.
Obs.—WS. trossulo, ins. Canariensium, valde affinis, sed vix (nisi
fallor) ejus varietas geographica: corpore paululum robustiore
(sensim minus gracili), colore omnino obscuriore, antennis vix
breyioribus, articulis intermediis seepius obsolete obscuratis, capite
(submajore) prothoraceque etiam minutius sed elytris distinctius
punctulatis, differre videtur.
A Scopeus which is probably universal throughout the archipelago,
being found amongst wet shingle at the edges of the streams and
pools—where, however, it appears to be rare. I have taken it in the
Ribeira da Babosa in §. Antao, at Madeiralzinho in 8. Vicente, at
San Domingos in S$. Iago, at the Fonte of the Monte Nucho in Fogo,
and in the Ribeira do Sorno in Brava; and in 8. Antao it was found
likewise by Mr. Gray. It is the representative in these islands of the
European S. levigatus, of which it might almost be looked upon as a
geographical modification. And it is equally near to the S. trossulus,
of the Canarian Group,—from which however it differs in being alto-
gether a trifle more robust (or less slender) and of a slightly darker
STAPHYLINID®. 243
hue, in its antenne being appreciably shorter, with their intermediate
joints (and indeed sometimes all but the apical ones) usually a little
obseured, and in its head (which is, if anything, more developed)
being, together with the prothorax, perhaps rather more minutely
punctulated still, while the sculpture of its elytra, on the other hand,
is distinctly coarser. As in many of the Scope, its legs are (in pro-
portion to its size) considerably thickened—a structure which is per-
fectly in accordance with its subfossorial mode of life, amongst the
damp stones and shingle where it principally occurs.
260. Scopzeus filiformis, n. sp.
S. ereberrime subcoriaceo-alutaceus (vix, saltem in capite protho-
raceque, punctulatus), subopacus, minute et dense cinereo sericeus,
piceo-ferrugineus; capite longiusculo, subtriangulari-quadrato ;
prothorace angusto, subobovato, testaceo vel fusco-testaceo, pos-
tice tenuissime carinato et obsoletissime biimpresso ; elytris postice
dilutioribus ; abdomine fusco-ferrugineo, apicem versus fere tes-
taceo ; antennis pedibusque brevibus, testaceis.—Long. corp. lin.
vix 13.
Habitat 8. Antao, S. Vicente, S. Iago, Fogo, et Brava; ad margines
rivulorum, necnon interdum sub quisquiliis humidis, latitans.
This is not only smaller and considerably narrower than the last
species, but it is likewise paler and more densely clothed with a
minute sericeous pubescence. Its sculpture is finer and closer—being
(especially on the head and prothorax) thickly alutaceous, rather than
punctulated, which causes the surface to be more opake ; and its limbs
are more pallid, shorter, and less thickened. Its head and prothorax
are, both of them, relatively narrower ; and the latter is either testa-
ceous or brownish-testaceous, as well as straighter at the sides, and
more obsoletely biimpressed in the centre behind. It is just as
widely spread over the archipelago as the S. crassipes, and perhaps
not quite so scarce, occurring in similar situations—amongst wet
shingle &c. at the edges of the streams and pools, though occasion-
ally also beneath damp vegetable refuse. I met with it in the Ribeira
Fria and the Ribeira das Patas in 8. Antao, at Madeiralzinho in 8.
Vicente, in the Orgaos ravine, as well as at S* Catharina, in S. Iago,
at the Fonte of the Monte Nucho in Fogo, and near the Povoagao in
Brava.
Genus 158. LITHOCHARIS.
(Dejean) Boisd. et Lacord., Faun. Ent. de Parts, i, 431 (1835).
R 2
244 STAPHYLINID.
261. Lithocharis ochracea.
L. subopaca, dense fulvescenti-cinereo sericea, minute et crebre pune-
tulata; capite subquadrato-triangulari, nigro, oculis magnis ; pro-
thorace elytrisque subquadratis, plus minus infuscate rufo-ferru-
gineis, illo (linea tenui subelevata obsoletissime carinato) horum-
que sutura paulo rufescentioribus; abdomine fusco-ferrugineo,
apice dilutiore, granulis nigrescentibus superadditis (transversim
dispositis) parcissime irrorato ; antennis, palpis pedibusque testa-
ceis.—Long. corp. lin. 13-2.
Pzederus ochraceus, bon Col. Micropt. 59 (1802).
Lithocharis ochracea, Woll., Ins. Mad. 590 (1854).
, Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 193 (1857).
—— ——,, Id., Cat. Can. Col. 587 (1864).
—— —_,, Id., Col. Ati, 506 (1865).
Habitat 8. Antao, 8. Iago, et Brava; inter quisquilias, passim.
A common European Lithocharis which is widely distributed over
the Madeiran and Canarian Groups, and which has established itself
pretty generally in the Cape Verde archipelago. Itis however by no
means abundant, though occurring under vegetable refuse at most
elevations. It was captured by Mr. Gray and myself at Tabouga and
Tarrafal, as well as in the Ribeira da Babosa &c., in 8. Antao, at San
Domingos, S“ Catharina, and in the Orgaos ravine in S. Iago, and
in the Ribeira do Sorno in Brava. It may be known, inter alia, by
its black, subtriangular head and large eyes, by its closely and mi-
nutely punctulated, densely sericeous surface, and by its prothorax
being usually rufo-ferruginous, whilst the elytra area little more in-
fuscated, though with their suture appreciably paler. Its abdomen
is brownish-ferruginous, and very sparingly besprinkled with a few
blackish, subasperated, transversely-arranged additional granules
(out of each of which arises a short bristle) ; and its limbs are wholly
testaceous,
262. Lithocharis obsoleta.
L. subgracilis, subopaca, dense griseo sericea, minutissime et creber-
rime punctulata; capite subquadrato-triangulari, nigro ; protho-
race, elytris et abdomine (apice diluto) vix picescentioribus ; an-
tennis (gracilibus, moniliformibus) palpisque rufo-piceis, apicem
versus magis testaceis ; pedibus vel piceo- vel mere saturate tes-
taceis, ean br eritecriie!
Variat (immatura) corpore omnino pallidiore (se. capite piceo, pro-
thorace rufo-testaceo, elytris abdomineque plus minus fusco-ferru-
gineis).—Long. corp. lin. 14-vix 2.
Lathrobium obsoletum, Nordm., Symbol. 146 (1838).
Lithocharis obsoleta, Erich., Gen. et Spec. Staph. 625 (1859).
STAPHYLINIDA. 245
Lithocharis brevipes, Woll., Ann. Nat. Hist. vi. 104 (1860).
—— obsoleta, Id., Col. Atl. 506 (1865).
Habitat 8. Antao, et 8. Iago ; in locis similibus ac preecedens.
Obs.—Exemplaria immatura prima facie L. ochraceam aliquo
modo, sed preesertim in colore, simulant; at corpus angustius est
ac plerumque subminus, punctura etiam densiore et subtiliore, ca-
pite minore angustiore, oculis minoribus, prothorace ne obsolete
quidem subearinato, scutello minus triangulari magisque trans-
verso (sc. postice truncato), necnon antennis pedibusque subbre-
vioribus subgracilioribus, illis versus basin palpisque paulo obscu-
ratis, antennarum art? ult? subminore, tarsisque sensim brevioribus.
Exemplaria matura colore multo obscuriore, et cet., a L. ochraced
toto coelo discedunt.
Of the European Z. obsoleta (which occurs sparingly at Madeira) I
captured a few examples, both in 8. Antao and 8. Iago; and although,
when mature, its very much darker colour would, even alone, sepa-
rate it from the ochracea, yet specimens which are immature are often
pale, and resemble the latter so greatly in hue that they might at first
sight almost be confounded with it. A more accurate inspection,
however, will bring to light an abundance of features (apart from
colour) to distinguish the obsoleta from the ochracea. Thus it is al-
together narrower, and generally a little smaller; its punctation is
even still finer and closer; its head and eyes are considerably less
developed ; its prothorax is totally free from even the rudiments of a
central keel ; its scutellum is less triangular and more transverse (the
apical portion being more truncate) ; its elytra (whether dark or
pale) are concolorous, or with the suture not diluted in hue ; and its
antenne and legs are slightly shorter and slenderer—the basal half,
moreover, of the former, together with the palpi (and sometimes the
tibie), being a little infuscated. Its last antennal joint, too, is a trifle
more abbreviate.
263. Lithocharis debilicornis.
LZ. subopaca, pallida, parce pubescens ; capite (lato, convexo, subtri-
angulari-quadrato, oculis parvis sed prominentibus) prothoraceque
(breviusculo) rufo-ferrugineis, alutaceis, grosse sed leviter punc-
tatis; elytris testaceis vel rufo-testaceis, rugosius punctatis, ad
basin seepius obsolete obscurioribus; abdomine ferrugineo, apice
dilutiore ; antennis (brevissimis, articulis intermediis brevibus mo-
niliformibus), palpis pedibusque testaceis.—Long. corp. lin. 11-13.
Lithocharis debilicornis, Woll., Cat. Mad. Col. 194 (July 1857).
brevicornis, Allard, Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de France, 747 (1857).
segyptiaca, Mots., Bull. de Mosc. 664 (1858).
246 STAPHYLINID.
Lithocharis debilicornis, Woll., Cat. Can. Col. 589 (1864).
, Id., Col. Atl. 508 (1865).
Habitat 8. Antao, S. Vicente, et 8. Iago; hinc inde, inter quisquilias.
Thisvery peculiar little species, although somewhat scarce,is widely
distributed over the archipelago—where it occurs, beneath vegetable
refuse, at low and intermediate altitudes. I met withit at Tarrafal,
as well as in the Ribeira Fria, the Ribeira da Babosa, &c., of S. An-
tao, at Madeiralzinho in §S. Vicente, and at S* Catharina in 8. Iago
—in which island it was captured likewise by Mr. Gray. Most pro-
bably however it is, in reality, universal, since it appears to have a
rather extended range, having been recorded from Egypt and even
the south of Europe, as well asin the Madeiran and Canarian Groups.
The Z. debilicornis may be known by its small size and totally
pallid hue (the head and prothorax being rufo- ferruginous, the abdo-
men ferruginous, and the elytra either testaceous or rufo-testaceous),
by its head and prothorax (the former of which is large, convex,
squarish, and wide, with the eyes small but prominent, whilst the
latter is short) being alutaceous and distinctly, but not deeply, punc-
tured, and by its antenne (the intermediate joints of which are short
and moniliform) being greatly abbreviated.
Genus 159. SUNIUS.
(Leach) Steph., IM. Brit. Ent. vy. 274 (1882).
264. Sunius nigromaculatus.
S. elongatus, gracilis, rufo-ferrugineus, opacus, parce fulvescente
pubescens ; capite prothoraceque valde profunde, rugose et dense
subreticulato-punctatis, illo magno conyexo subquadrato-rotundato
(subtus parce regulariter punctato et in medio canaliculato), héc
obovato ; elytris rugose sed paulo minus dense asperato-punctatis,
sensim magis testaceis, singulis macula suffusa nigrescente in disco
exteriore sité plus minus evidenter ornatis ; abdomine rugose as-
perato-punctato, segmento 5” antice late nigro; antennis(brevibus),
palpis pedibusque gracilibus, pallide testaceis.
Variat elytris concoloribus, pallidis, immaculatis ; necnon (immatu-
rus) corpore omnino pallidiore.—Long. corp. lin. vix 2-2}.
Sunius nigromaculatus, Mots., Bullet, de Moscou, 561 (1860).
Habitat 8. Antao, 8. Vicente, 8. Iago, et Brava; inter quisquilias
vulgaris.
Obs.—Species S. megacephalo, Canariensi, affinis, sed capite
minus elongato (magis rotundato), oculis paulo majoribus, antennis
multo brevioribus, abdomine minus grosse punctato, necnon elytris
STAPHYLINID.E. 247
non solum longioribus sed (in statu typico, maturo), ut in S. bima-
culato, suffuse bimaculatis.
A Sunius which is widely spread over the archipelago, where we
may be pretty sure thatit is universal—occurring nearly everywhere
beneath vegetable refuse, and at most elevations ; and indeed it ap-
pears to have a very extended geographical range—being found like-
wise in Egypt (and probably, therefore, in the intermediate districts
of northern and western Africa). It was taken by Mr. Gray and
myself at Tarrafal, as well as in the Ribeira Fria, the Ribeira das
Patas, &c., of S. Antaéo,—on Monte Verde and at Madeiralzinho in 8.
Vicente,—at San Domingos, S‘* Catharina, and in the Orgaos ravine,
in 8. Iago,—and in the Ribeira do Sorno, in Brava.
The S. nigromaculatus may be regarded as the representative in
these islands of the Canarian S. megacephalus—from which, however,
it differs in being, on the average, a trifle smaller, in its head being
less elongate, or more rounded behind the eyes (which are a little
larger), in its antenne being considerably shorter, its abdomen less
coarsely punctured, and in its elytra being not only longer, but with
a more or less distinct cloudy spot on the outer disk of each—much
as in the S. bimaculatus. This discal patch however is frequently
quite obsolete, in which case the elytra are totally immaculate. In
its narrow, slender body, its rufo-ferruginous head and prothorax
(which are densely and roughly crowded with large, somewhat reé?-
culated punctures), its ferruginous abdomen, and (apart from the
spot, when present) its slightly paler elytra, as well as in its extremely
pallid limbs, it agrees with its more northern ally*.
Genus 160. PAEDERUS.
Fabricius, Syst. Ent. 268 (1775).
265. Pederus Erichsoni.
P. alatus, nitidus ; capite (subrotundato, oculis magnis), scutello ab-
dominisque segmentis 2 apicalibus nigris; prothorace abdominisque
segmentis 4 basalibus testaceo-rufis ; elytris ceeruleis, profunde et
rugose punctatis, parce subcinereo pubescentibus; antennis lon-
* The largely-developed, pedunculated head of the Swnzz of this immediate type
is so loosely attached, on account of the narrowness and flexibility of the neck,
that it is very liable to become accidentally reversed, when the specimen is
being mounted upon card; and until I had placed them beneath the microscope,
and had discovered that the wrong side was uppermost, I was a good deal
puzzled by certain examples in that predicament,—the more sparingly, and
differently, punctured surface, added to the conspicuous central line, giving
their head a very peculiar appearance.
248 STAPHYLINIDE.
giusculis, eraciusculis, fuscescentibus, art'* 4 basalibus, palpis pedi-
busque rufo-testaceis, femoribus posticis(rarius posterioribus) apice
nigris.—Long. corp. lin. 3-33.
Peederus Angolensis ?, Erich., in Wiegm. Archiv, ix. 222 (1843).
Habitat S. Iago; sub foliis aridis in clivis editioribus supra Sanctam
Catharinam, copiose deprehensus.
Obs.—P. riparium, Europeeum, prima facie simulans, sed sub-
gracilior, paulo minus rugose punctatus, oculis majoribus, protho-
race antice angustiore, elytris antennisque sublongioribus, his gra-
cilioribus pallidioribus, pedibus anticis semper (anterioribus seepius)
omnino pallidis—nec femoribus nigro terminatis.
A Pederus which I captured abundantly on the mountain-slopes
above St Catharina, in the interior of 8S. Iago,—under dry leaves,
beneath the shrubs of Jatropha curcas and Euphorbias ; and a single
specimen was also taken, by Mr. Gray, at S* Catharina itself. I have
little doubt that it is the P. angolensis, described in Erichson’s Paper
on supposed “ Angolan” Coleoptera, with the diagnosis of which it
agrees precisely —except that the apices of its intermediate femora are
not usually nigrescent; but since such zs the case sometimes, Erich-
son’s example, or examples, may have been in that predicament.
Assuming it however to be identical with the angolensis (of which, I
think, there cannot be much question), the specific title must still, of
necessity, be changed, since it tends to perpetuate a serious geogra-
phical blunder ; and therefore I have substituted that of Hrichsoni,
in its stead. Ihave already commented on the unfortunate confusion
which arose through the fact of the collector, who was sent out to
Angola (from Berlin), having touched at these islands en passant, and
mixed up indiscriminately his material from the two regions thus
widely separated from each other; and the Pederus we are now dis-
cussing affords a sad instance of this grievous want of accuracy, its
very name having been borrowed from a country with which (in all
probability) it has no concern.
In its general size and colour (the head and last two abdominal
segments being black, whilst the elytra are cyaneous-blue, and the
prothorax, together with the four anterior segments of the abdomen,
clear testaceo-rufous) this Pederus has much the prima facie aspect
of the common European P. riparius; but it is altogether a trifle
narrower and less coarsely punctured, its eyes are considerably larger,
its prothorax is less widened in front, its elytra and antenne are a
little longer, the latter are somewhat slenderer and paler, and its fore
legs, and usually the intermediate pair also, are entirely immaculate
STAPHYLINIDE. 249
—though in rare instances the intermediate femora have their apex
(like that of the hinder ones) nigrescent. Although described by
Erichson (assuming it to be his angolensis) as distinct from the
cestuans (an African species which has been recorded both from Sene-
galand Egypt), I am extremely doubtful, judging from the diagnosis,
whether it is more in reality than a geographical phasis of the latter
—from which it seems to differ, mainly, in its paler antenne and
darker scutellum. Still, without a type of the estwans for compari-
son, it is impossible to say for certain whether other (and more sig-
nificant) characters may not exist.
(Subfam. PINOPHILIDES.)
Genus 161. @@DICHIRUS.
Erichson, Gen. et Spec. Staph. 684 (1859).
266. (dichirus terminatus.
@. alatus, nitidus, antice parcissime sed postice parce subcinereo
pilosus; capite (subrotundato, oculis maximis, prominentibus),
elytrorum dimidia parte anticé, abdominisque segmentis 3 apicali-
bus nigris ; prothorace (postice angustato, punctis perpaucis maxi-
mis, in dorso biseriatim dispositis, irrorato), elytrorum dimidia parte
postica,abdominisque segmentis 4 basalibus testaceo-rufis ; coleopte-
ris abdominelatioribus, basi truncatis,ad humeros subrectangulis, ad
latera paulo rotundatis, postice arcuato-emarginatis, dorso depres-
siusculis, parce et valde profunde subseriatim punctatis ; abdomine
(segm' basali excepto) immarginato, segmentis singulis convexis
necnon transversim punctato-trilineatis, segm"® ult™? longe acutis-
simeque bicorni; antennis gracilibus, testaceis, articulis interme-
diis obscuratis ; palpis longissimis, fusco-testaceis ; pedibus pallide
testaceis (genibus vix obscurioribus), tarsis anticis maximis, latis-
sime dilatatis.—Long. corp. lin. 33-4.
(Kdichirus terminatus, Erich., in Wiegm. Archiv, ix. 223 (1843).
Habitat 8. Antéo?, 8. Iago, et Brava; sub quisquiliis humidis parce
degens.
This curious Staphylinid—so like a Pederus in its red-and-black
colouring, but so remarkable in the structure of its enormously elon-
gated maxillary palpi and its greatly developed anterior feet, as well
as in the two large acute spines which arm the apex of its (unmar-
gined) abdomen—is manifestly the @. terminatus of Erichson’s (so-
called) ‘“‘ Angolan” Coleoptera. My remarks under the last species
will doubtless, therefore, apply equally here ; and we may be pretty
250 STAPHYLINID®.
sure that the insect is not an “ Angolan” one at all. At the proper
season of the year it would perhaps be found to be universal (or nearly
so) throughout the Cape Verde archipelago, as we saw what J believe
to have been the pupa of it in several of the islands ; but hitherto it
is only in 8. Iago and Brava that I have positive evidence (now
before me) of its existence. I am satisfied however that (particu-
larly) in 8. Antaéo we met with it in an incipient state. It was cap-
tured by Mr. Gray and myself, beneath refuse, at S‘* Catharina in the
interior of S. Iago, and by myself near the Povoacaéo in Brava. In
all probability it possesses a wide African range; at any rate I have
an Egyptian example (taken by the late Mr. Melly) which resembles
it so nearly that I am far from certain that it is more than a slight
modification, or geographical variety, of the Cape Verde species.
The @. terminatus is, on the average, rather larger and broader
than the Sicilian pederinus ; its head and prothorax (the latter of
which is longer, and rather less widened anteriorly) are even still
more sparingly punctured, and the punctures on the prothoracic disk
are more evidently arranged in two longitudinal rows ; its elytra are
very much less abbreviated, nearly rectangular at the shoulders (in-
stead of being rounded off), and (instead of being wholly black) with
their apical half bright testaceo-rufous ; its abdominal segments are
more convex, and the first one is distinctly margined ; and its eyes
and limbs (particularly the last joint of its maxillary palpi, and its
anterior feet) are even more developed still—the intermediate articu-
lations, moreover, of the antenne being appreciably infuscated. The
@. terminatus, also, is winged ; whereas the paederinus (as indeed its
extremely abbreviated elytra and rounded-off shoulders would indi-
cate) is apterous.
Genus 162. PALAMINUS.
Erichson, Gen. et Spec. Staph. 681 (1859).
267. Palaminus decussatus, n. sp.
P. rufo-testaceus, abdomine (apice excepto) ferrugineo, nitidus, parce
et (presertim postice) longe fulvescenti-cinereo pilosus; capite sub-
triangulari (postice truncato) et una cum prothorace (transverso-
quadrato sed postice angustiore) grosse et parce punctatis (punctis
magnis sed haud profundis) ; oculis magnis ; coleopteris abdomine
latioribus, basi truncatis, ad humeros subrectangulis, ad latera
paulo rotundatis, postice arcuato-emarginatis, profundius sed paulo
minus grosse punctatis; abdomine immarginato, segmentis singulis
convexis et lineis obliquis decussatis (in 4 basalibus) reticulato-
impressis, segm'? ult® acutissime bispinoso ; antennis (gracilibus),
palpis (longissimis) pedibusque pallide testaceis ; pedibus anticis
STAPHYLINIDE. 251
erassiusculis, tibiis latis triangularibus, tarsis valde dilatatis.—
Long. corp. lin. 13-vix 2.
Habitat 8. Antao, 8. Vicente, 8. Iago, et Brava; inter quisquilias,
preesertim in intermediis editioribusque, rarior.
One of the few Coleopterous forms detected in these islands which
may be said to tend towards the New World, rather than the Old; for
all the Palamini which have hitherto been brought to light are essenti-
ally American. Still, in a geographical point of view, I do not lay
much stress upon this isolated fact ; for as these minute Staphylinids
are most easily transported by accidental human agencies, and since
Sugar-canes, Bananas, and other Tropical plants have long been cul-
tivated in the Cape Verde archipelago, it might well have been intro-
duced (along with roots, or possibly in some other manner) from the
West-Indian islands. But, be this as it may, it seems (although de-
cidedly scarce) to be so generally distributed over the Group that we
may anticipate that it will be found ultimately to be universal,—
occurring, as it does, for the most part, beneath vegetable refuse
(especially of Sugar-canes and Maize) at intermediate and lofty alti-
tudes. It was captured by Mr. Gray and myself in the Ribeira Fria
and the Ribeira das Patas in 8. Antao, as well as at Madeiralzinho
and on the summit of Monte Verde in 8. Vicente, and by myself in
the interior of 8. Iago, and in a Banana-ground above the Povoacio
in Brava.
In its generic characters of greatly-developed maxillary palpi and
anterior feet, as well as in its unmargined abdomen (the apex of which
is furnished with two acute spines), and the structure of its elytra
and hinder tibie, Palaminus hasa good deal in common with Gdichirus
—though most of the characters are less strongly expressed than is the
case in that group ; but (amongst many other points) in its front tibie
being considerably dilated it differs from the latter. In mere specific
details, apart from its comparatively minute size and pale hue, the
P. decussatus may be known by its shorter head and prothorax (which
are more evenly and densely, though at the same time sparingly,
punctured), its more pilose surface, and the very remarkable sculpture
of its first four abdominal segments—which are impressed with regu-
lar and obliquely-crossing lines (like Jattice-, or trellis-work), but
wholly unpunctured. Its colour is rufo-testaceous, with the limbs
extremely pallid, and the abdomen (which is brownish-ferruginous)
comparatively dark*.
* Judging solely from the diagnosis, the present Palaminus has probably a
good deal in common with Erichson’s P. variabilis (from the West Indies and
252 STAPHYLINID®.
Genus 163. PINOPHILUS.
Gravenhorst, Col. Micropt. 201 (1802).
268. Pinophilus fossor, n. sp.
P, subcylindrico-linearis, niger (sed, capite excepto, obsolete sub-
picescente tinctus), griseo pubescens ; capite subtriangulari, nitido,
grosse et parce punctato punctulisque minoribus parce irrorato,
oculis magnis, prominentibus ; prothorace elongato-quadrato, pos-
tice vix angustiore, angulis posticis rotundatis, subopaco, minu-
tissime et creberrime punctulato (quasi alutaceo) punctisque ma-
joribus sed levibus regulariter obsito, in disco postico tenuiter
carinato; coleopteris abdomineque subopacis, illis (prothorace paulo
longioribus) dense et rugose punctatis, hoe marginato, levius
punctato, subiridescente, apice ferrugineo; antennis gracilibus, tes-
taceis sed piceo variegatis; palpis saturate testaceis ; pedibus
crassis, testaceis(anticis paulo rufescentioribus atque etiam crassiori-
bus, tarsis latissime subrotundato-dilatatis).—Long. corp. lin. 42.
Habitat 8. Iago ; sub quisquiliis humidis fodiens, rarissimus.
Two examples of this fine Pinophilus were captured by myself,
beneath damp vegetable refuse, amongst Sugar-canes, at the Boa
Entrada of S* Catharina, in the interior of S. Iago. It may be
known by its narrow, elongate outline, deep-black, shining, subtri-
angular, and coarsely (but sparingly) punctured head, and by the
faintly piccous-black hue of the rest of its surface, except the limbs
—its legs (especially the anterior ones) being incrassated and testa-
ceous, whilst its antenne and palpi are slender and of a more piceous
tint! Its prothorax is elongate-quadrate, very slightly narrowed
posteriorly, with the hinder angles rounded, most minutely and
thickly punctulate (which causes it to be sabopake, and as it were
alutaceous), and also densely beset with larger but exceedingly light
punctules ; its elytra are closely but roughly punctured, and its
abdomen (which is margined at the sides, ferruginous at the apex,
and subiridescent) much more finely but quite as densely so*.
Columbia)—at any rate with his i/¢h variety of it, or form, which is thus enun-
ciated : “ Duplo vel triplo minor (long. 13 lin.), pallide flavo-testaceus, imma-
culatus, antennis pedibusque albidis.” Still that species is described as having
the last antennal joint abruptly incrassated, and its prothorax widely emarginate
in front, so as to cause the angles to be rather acute—which does not apply to
the Cape Verde member of the genus; and therefore I do not think that it
would be safe, in the absence of a type for comparison, to identify it with the
veradile Moreover it is far from unlikely that even Hrichson’s so-called
“var. 0” may be specifically distinct from the other four states to which he calls
aHentose
* The Cape Verde Pinophilus is a little allied to the Egyptian P. brevicollis ;
but it is rather larger and darker (or less picescent) ; its head particularly is
cr)
OL
es)
STAPHYLINIDE.
(Subfam. OXYTELIDES.)
Genus 164, BLEDIUS.
(Leach) Stephens, IU. Brit. Ent. vy. 807 (1882).
269. Bledius vitulus.
B. capite prothoraceque grosse alutaceis, subopacis, illo piceo et
utrinque cornu lamelliformi erecto (in maribus altissimo subcultri-
formi sed ad apicem oblique subemarginato-truncato) instructo,
hée clare rufo-ferrugineo,. transverso-quadrato, ad latera recto,
basi rotundato, parce et grosse (sed vix profunde) punctato necnon
argute canaliculato; elytris abdomineque nitidioribus, illis densius
sed minus grosse punctatis, testaceis (sutura anguste obscuriore),
hée fere impunctato, fusco-testaceo, segmentis 6° et 7™° utrinque
(rarius omnino) suffuse nigrescentibus; antennis piceo-ferrugineis,
basi clarioribus ; pedibus testaceis, tibiis anticis (rarius omnibus)
picescentioribus.—Long. corp. lin. 24—vix 33.
Bledius vitulus, Evrich., Gen. et Spec. Staph. 761 (1839).
januvianus, Woll., Cat. Can. Col. 593 (1864).
, Id., Col. Atl. 514 (1865).
Habitat 8. Vicente ; in Salinis pone oras maritimas captus.
I took many examples of this large Bledius (which is closely
allied to the B. bicornis of Southern Europe) on the slimy, brackish
mud of some small Salinas, which had been dug on the sandy flats
immediately behind the sea-beach in 8. Vicente—about a mile to
the south of Porto Grande. We may consequently expect to meet
with it in salt places generally, and particularly perhaps in-the
eastern islands of the Group. Apart from its large size (for a Ble-
dius), it may be known by its head being piceous and armed on
either side with an erect lamelliform process (small in the females,
but large and somewhat coulter-, or falchion-shaped in the opposite
sex—though truncated, and even subemarginate, at its apex), by its
prothorax being clear rufo-ferruginous, squarish, much straightened
at the sides, and (like the head) alutaceous, but sparingly besprinkled
with large punctures, by its elytra being more or less testaceous,
and more thickly punctured, by its abdomen being almost unsculp-
tured, and brownish-testaceous, but blackened on either side of its
sixth and seventh segments, and by its antenne being piceo-ferru-
ginous, whilst the legs are testaceous, but with their tibie slightly
blacker, as well as more deeply (but much more sparingly) punctured, with the
eyes more developed and prominent ; its prothorax and elytra are longer, and
the former is ve7y much more finely punctulate; its antenne are more varie-
gated (the apical portion of most of the joints being infuseate) ; and its pubes-
cence is of a less fulvous hue.
254 STAPHYLINID®.
infuscated. It appears to be conspecific with a Bledius (which
Fauvel has recently identified with the B. vitulus from Arabia) eap-
tured by myself at the edges of the salt lake of Januvio, in Lanza-
rote—one of the eastern islands of the Canarian Group; for although
the lamelliform process of its male sex may perhaps be a little more
developed than is the case in the Canarian examples (if indeed,
amongst the latter, I possess undoubted males), in all other respects
it agrees perfectly with the Lanzarotan species, and the greater or
less development of the frontal processes in these cornuted Bledii is
a matter of but trifling importance.
Genus 165. OXYTELUS.
Gravenhorst, Col. Micropt. 101 (1802).
270. Oxytelus depauperatus, n. sp.
O. niger, subnitidus ; capite prothoraceque leviter ineequaliter punc-
tatis, hdc transverso, in medio leviter longitudinaliter 3-sulcato
(sulcis externis paulo flexuosis et antice evanescentibus), versus
latera longitudinaliter strigoso, utrinque in medio late impresso ;
elytris testaceis, in regione scutellari sepius paulo obscuratis,
punctatis et minus grosse strigosis ; abdomine piceo-nigro, apice
dilutiore, alutaceo ; antennis testaceis, apicem versus sensim ob-
fuscatis ; pedibus pallide testaceis.
Mas capite majore et paulo magis rotundato, sed oculis subminori-
bus (aut potius vix ad basin ejus postice ductis) ; prothorace (vix
picescentiore ? ) antice sublatiore.—Long. corp. lin. cirea 12.
Habitat S. Antao, et S. Iago; hine inde in stercore bovino.
Obs.—Species O. piceo (Europo, necnon in ins. Maderensibus
Canariensibusque occurrenti) affinis, at major, minus profunde
punctata sed tamen distinctius strigulosa, capite postice integro
(nec canaliculato), clypeo magis depresso et apice haud elevato,
necnon antennis brevioribus ac pallidioribus.
This is the only Oawytelus which has hitherto been detected in the
Cape Verde archipelago; and even it appeared to be scarce, though
perhaps at a different season of the year it might be more abundant.
It is found in the dung of cattle; and the few specimens which I
have seen were taken by myself—at Tarrafal and in the Ribeira da
Babosa in S, Antéo, and at San Domingos in S$. Iago. In its testa-
ceous elytra and general details it is closely allied to the European
O. piceus (which occurs likewise in the Madeiran and Canarian
Groups) ; but it is smaller and less deeply punctured, though rather
more distinctly strigulose both on its elytra and towards either side
of its prothorax; its head is free from an abbreviated channel be-
STAPHYLINID FE. 205
hind, with the clypeus more depressed and not raised at the apex ;
and its antenne are shorter and paler.
Genus 166. TROGOPHLEUS.
Mannerheim, Brachél. 49 (1851).
271. Trogophleeus transversalis.
T. niger, subnitidus, subcinereo pubescens, dense et distincte punc-
tulatus; oculis sat magnis, prominentibus; prothorace breviter sub-
cordato, basi profunde transversim notato, in disco antico ineequali
(sc. foveolis obsoletis impresso); elytris amplis, depressiusculis,
apice ferrugineo-dilutioribus ; abdomine multo minutius punctu-
lato; antennis nigrescentibus, basi paulo dilutioribus; pedibus
piceo-testaceis.—Long. corp. lin. 1%.
Trogophlceus transvyersalis, Woll., Cat. Mad. Col. 202 (1857).
, Id., Cat. Can. Col. 598 (1864).
, Id., Col. Atl. 518 (1865).
Habitat 8. Vicente ; rarissimus, in intermediis bis deprehensus.
A Trogophleus which occurs, though very sparingly, both in the
Madeiran and Canarian Groups, and which appears to be equally
scarce in the Cape Verdes—the only two examples which I have
seen having been taken by myself in 8S. Vicente. It may be known
by its rather large size (for a Trogophleus), its dark hue, its con-
siderably developed, squarish elytra, the extreme hinder portion of
which is diluted, or rufo-ferruginous, and by its antenne being
nearly black, whilst the legs are piceo-testaceous. Its head, pro-
thorax, and elytra are densely, and somewhat coarsely, punctured ;
and its prothorax (which is a good deal, and rather suddenly, nar-
rowed behind) is remarkable for the very deep transverse impression
at the base, while the fore disk is merely branded with a few shal-
low, confused, obsolete foveee. Judging from the specimens before
me, it would seem to have its elytra less broadly ferruginous behind
in the Cape Verde archipelago than is the case with it in the Ma-
deiras and Canaries.
272. Trogophleus dilutus, n. sp.
T. pallidulus, subnitidus, cinereo pubescens; capite prothoraceque
subcoriaceis, vix perspicue (sed oculo fortissime armato minute et
parce) punctulatis, illo majusculo latiusculo piceo-ferrugineo, ocu-
lis parvis, héc brevi, clare rufo-ferrugineo, basi leviter transversim
notato et obsoletissime subcarinato, in disco antico subinequali
(sc. foveolis obsoletis impresso) ; elytris rufo-testaceis, distinctius
punctatis ; abdomine testaceo-fusco, laxe reticulato-coriaceo punc-
256 STAPHYLINID&.
tulisque minutissimis parce irrorato ; antennis (art? ult® majuseulo)
tibiisque ferrugineis, illis ad basin, femoribus tarsisque testaceis.
—Long. corp. lin. 13.
Habitat 8. Antao, et S. Iago; inter quisquilias in humidis, rarissi-
mus.
This is a little smaller than the last species ; and it may be known
by being pale, instead of black,—the head (which is rather large
and wide, with the eyes small) being piceo-ferruginous, whilst the
prothorax is clear rufo-ferruginous, the elytra rufo-testaceous, and
the abdomen, antenne, and tibise brownish-testaceous, except the
base of the second, the femora, and tarsi, which are testaceous. Its
head and prothorax are somewhat coriaceous (though sparingly be-
set with minute punctules, when viewed beneath the microscope) ;
and the latter has much the same kind of impressions as the 7’.
transversalis—only considerably shallower, and the basal (subar-
cuated) one having a slight tendency to be interrupted in the middle
by a faint, obsolete carina. The only two specimens which I have
seen were taken by myself—one, beneath wet vegetable refuse, at
Tarrafal in the south of 8. Antéo, and the other in the Ribeira dos
Orgios of 8. Iago.
273. Trogophleus oculatus.
T. angustulus, niger (aut subpiceo-niger), subnitidus, subtiliter ci-
nereo pubescens; capite prothoraceque minute et dense punctu-
latis, oculis magnis (fere at basin capitis postice ductis), hée bre-
viter subcordato, in disco postico utrinque longitudinaliter biim-
presso ; elytris distinctius punctatis; abdomine dense et minutius
ruguloso-punctulato; antennis pedibusque breviusculis, illis gra-
ciliusculis nigro-piceis basi paulo rufescentioribus; pedibus saturate
testaceis.—Long. corp. lin. vix 11.
Trogophlceus bilineatus, Woll. [nec awd Cat. Can. Col. 599 (1864).
oculatus, Id., Col. Atl. Append. 74 (1865).
Habitat 8. Antao, et 8. Iago; in locis similibus ac preecedens.
The two examples (one of which I took in 8. Antéo, and the
other in 8. Iago) from which the above diagnosis has been compiled
do not seem to me to differ specifically from the Canarian 7. ocu-
latus—though their eyes are perhaps a (ttle less developed, and
their punctation just appreciably finer. The species belongs to
much the same type as the European 7’. bilineatus ; but it is a trifle
smaller and narrower, with its elytra somewhat less enlarged, its
eyes distinctly longer, and its limbs perceptibly shorter. Still, since
the examples before me are not very satisfactory ones, I will not be
STAPHYLINIDA. 257
absolutely certain that they should not rather be referred to some
other, but very closely allied, species.
274. Trogophleus bledioides.
T. piceo-niger, subopacus, subtiliter cinereo pubescens; capite pro-
thoraceque minutissime et densissime punctulatis (aut quasi grosse
granulato-alutaceis), illo magno lato ovali, mandibulis majusculis,
héc angustulo longiusculo cylindrico-cordato integro (i.e. haud
foveolato) ; elytris crebre, argute et distincte punctatis ; antennis
brevibus, nigrescentibus, ad basin paulo dilutioribus ; pedibus sa-
turate testaccis.—Long. corp. lin. ?-1.
Trogophloeus bledivides, Woll., Cat. Can. Col. 601 (1864).
, Id., Col. Atl. 520 (1865).
Habitat S. Antao, et S. Vicente ; in humidis et subaquosis degens.
The very minute size of this little Trogophleus would, of itself,
distinguish it from the preceding members of the genus; but it may
be further known by its head and prothorax (the former of which is
relatively large and oval, whilst the latter is narrower or less trans-
verse than is usually the case, and quite free from fovew) being so
closely and minutely punctulated that they have more the appear-
ance of being coarsely alutaceous, or granulate, by its elytra being
sharply, densely, and conspicuously punctured, by its antenne being
rather short and dark, and by its mandibles being a good deal de-
veloped. I have taken it sparingly in damp places of low and inter-
mediate altitudes,—namely at Tarrafal in the south of S. Antao, and
at Madeiralzinho in $. Vicente.
(Subfam. PIESTIDES.)
Genus 167. ISOMALUS.
Erichson, Gen. et Spec. Staph. 838 (1839).
275. Isomalus hesperidum.
T. niger, nitidissimus, glaberrimus, valde depressus, subtilissime stri-
gulosus sed fere impunctatus (oculo fortissime armato punctulis
minutissimis parce irroratus); capite magno, subquadrato, plano,
oculis parvis ; prothorace cordato, postice fortiter angustato, late-
ribus vix pone medium leviter excisis, denticulum anguliformem
efficientibus, in dorso (prasertim postice) latissime longitudinaliter
depresso, apice intra angulos anticos utrinque foyeolato ; elytris
brevibus, singulis puncto discali impressis; antennis fusco-piceis,
ad basin pedibusque clare piceis, tarsis pallidioribus.—Long. corp.
lin, 2}.
Ss
258 STAPHYLINIDA.
Isomalus Hesperidum, Woll., Ann. Nat. Hist. xx. 504 (1857).
Habitat 8. Vicente; & DD. Gray et Clark, Decembri 1856, semel
captus.
The single specimen described above was amongst the few insects
which were collected by Mr. Gray and the Rev. Hamlet Clark,
during their day’s sojourn at 8. Vicente, in December 1856; but it
is the only one that I have yet seen. I have no reason to doubt the
correctness of its professed habitat ; but it is certain that we did not
meet with any traces of it during our late (and more careful) ex-
plorations in the same island; and therefore I cannot but feel that
further evidence would be desirable, both concerning its habits and
its precise locality—an observation, I may add, which applies to no »
less than three of the species (namely the present one, the Xeno-
gleus politus, and the Trigonorhinus pardalis) which were handed
over to me by Mr. Clark as having been captured by himself and
Mr. Gray in 8. Vicente. Judging however from its extremely flat-
tened form and primd facie aspect, I should be inclined to suspect
that it may perhaps be found within the crevices of the mud in
saline spots around Porto Grande, in which they appear to have
searched—though this is merely a conjecture, and must not in any
degree be trusted.
In its black, highly polished, exceedingly glabrous, almost un-
sculptured, and very depressed surface, the J. hesperidum is totally
distinct (apart from its generic features) from every other Staphy-
linid with which we have here to do; and its largely developed, sub-
quadrate, flattened head, and small eyes, in conjunction with its
cordate, posteriorly attenuated prothorax, which is widely impressed
down the disk (particularly behind) and has a little shallow exca-
vation in the centre of either side (which shapes out a minute an-
guliform denticle), and the conspicuous puncture in the middle of
each elytron, will still further tend to characterize it.
— — x2 “St iy
i 7 7 =
=
oe
_ 1
hy a .
_ li = =
_ ‘
- ‘
‘4 : : : . *
7 * AY = + > . 2 ‘ é
Ges ar ENT eo Te 06 eee 2 fh. v3
is 4 2
‘ . = <
sen it eer! Maye Salado nop MA yge FAP Re lite,
7 he = oa 6 ee oe eee
eis eli aie - i SSS eye ee 1- Al 1d
: = 7
eG Ss 3
7 Goa are AtE ici whe ok _
: A 4 4
eo ‘ a :
1 i Pi 4 > as
Fi patie ah a + Fal! H in wee ¢ 4 ai ws ie ee
1 ee 2 “ > :
i : A) ‘ ad @ ue >
’ * f r
\ 4 .
val ; i ,
4 ' a
es
2 bh & < é 4+\9 >
a ~~
' | ;
See eo eke. - :
-: -
7 z
: ‘ ,
‘
* J
2 >» :
; : = =
4 & “ cs
a
i
r wis <
; ;
r = yd > ;
: : | 4 ‘ 4
4% i f b }
‘ * > ; 73 4
i
a len aks caveat, rf — =
ice ae
J a “¥ ff hf i nat ga . oe 4
Ae lag eee Ee ag - 4 Ld wy ub 1, te a. to.¥ 7
i wt A
: >
ee H we 2 \
oT - : - ;
: > j
= :
S = -
r
my
:
7 or)
i i = 7 =
7 <2 =
: A *
2 > a 7 7 Mt #
7 : ad
(1) For the 3 species' the habitats of which are marked thust, I
consider that more conclusive evidence is required before it
can be looked upon as absolutely certain that they were really
captured in the Cape Verdes.
(2) The species in italics have not, so far as I am aware, been ob-
served hitherto ewcept in the Cape Verdes,—though we may
be quite sure that a proportion of them will sooner or later be
detected elsewhere, and it is possible that certain others of
them may, in reality, be but geographical modifications of
species (the names of which, preceded by an <—e, I have
usually indicated within brackets) which are already known. -
(3) As an aid to the eye, I have added the letters M and C to
those species which have been observed in the Madeiran and
Canarian Groups. There are certain ones, however, which do
not appear to be quite identical with those of the above-
mentioned archipelagos, though at the same time so nearly
allied to them that (even whilst describing them as new
species) it is doubtful whether they are more in reality
than geographical modifications of the latter. To such
forms as these I have appended an m or e¢, as the case
may be; and I may add that for the various problems
connected with the question of geographical distribution,
they may be regarded practically as conspecific with their
more northern representatives.
1 Trigonorhinus pardalis, Xenogleus politus, and Isomalus hesperidum,—all
communicated by the Rey. Hamlet Clark, and supposed to have been taken by him-
self and Mr. Gray during their day’s sojourn at S. Vicente in December 1856.
261
INDEX TOPOGRAPHICUS.
aes ° nigritulus, W.]...... Clg le olen
(Bembidiades. )
21. Tacnys (Ziegl.), Steph.
Dos ELOMANUS. “WN er talels ois.cle cies ei aieis che eiehyal> aioe ait Pa bl
Jos, CONITOMACUIALUS AV a) to ereipioiers ounisl cielo tele LOS fe alice
34. curvimanus, W. | <—«4-stgnatus, Dufts.].. MC ||. .|..|.
Sia brea Dh A Anono oo oatod wor Gu o> Fao 5 M |x| |-
22. Bremsipivum, Lat.
(Peryphus, Meg.)
SOA ICSMETUAUI Vinca lets wlaiaveisyeioyo\iouetls 0 = Soneeh lee Pane
(Lopha, Meg.)
37. subcallosum, W. [<—excallosum, Kiist.].... mC |x| |.-|..
Fam. 3. Dytiscide.
23. HypHypRvs, Ilig.
38. crassus, W. [<—emscriptus, F.] .. eee cece rene eae et serene
24. CopELatus, Erich.
SOMLOrMOSUSH Wiss cist ckecier screech iekoereteter- i
25. EunrEcTES, Erich.
40. subcoriaceus, W. [<—«zsticticus, L.]...... 1 l(a ed Re cd Fee
41. helvolus, Klug [<—ePstictieus, L.] ....-4-- bd ed By [Bi lon hac
26. CyBIsTER, Curt.
AD) Chester ID agmegusdsocne spo cd SAg6dGes Calas
Fam. 4. Gyrinide.
27. Dineutus, MacLeay.
AD OTCUSs Ihe Gives & ests verre atiisie eroneley sual ouel ele) otek tetoters ge
AA’ subspimosus, KU, . 6c. cs vi ve wlogatete anetsre'e! +1 elie nm] eel ae
Fam. 5. Helophoride.
28. OcuTHEBIUS, Leach.
45. 4-foveolatus, W. [<—e?punctatus, Steph.] MC }..} 4 |..|..]..].
29, Hyprmna, Kugel.
AG aqmaatICOllig; Wie aja cee 'e «ate «alae a eet ici ee Cilgulgeieaiee
37.
39.
41.
43.
45.
47,
. HyproxEnvs, W.
A SUBDICEUS,| WV o os oicjoynwe tine ose #2) 00 oaieeled se 8 ciaielalm me «fee
. PHILHYDRUS, Sol.
. STERNOLOPHOS, Nol.
. Hyprostus, Leach.
. CycLonotum (Dej.), Erich.
36.
. CryYPTOPLEURUM, Muls.
INDEX TOPOGRAPHICUS.
Fam. 6. Hydrophilide.
*
ASE Minor, NN cc ccces ccs cece sen se vcceceeceralenls ale. Bete foes
. Herocuarss, Muls.
AC), chilis, IDO, sodqoc0n0nGGnn0 7 Dd0G00 ore Toes Rate
50, melanocephalus, Ol. ........+eeee0e- » MC ilalz
BPP SOMETI URD: cov. = soi. <0 0 1s eve mmicivairiasisisinn ss 23
52. phalacroides, W.....+ssreessvseces BRT OnODE *
Fam. 7. Spheridiade.
Be ROMDICUIALONE Svs cin eso leis se clvalne eves ceias Clix
DactyLosTERNUM, W.
54. abdominale, F..... 2... eve ceeeeccceeces MC}..|.
Crrcyon, Leach.
DEAMECOIE Wiss ojo wae are ocsiv odes sioesiscineemage #2 ats
PROM PPULIECOUGS INV ic. wie! lal 0'6 \e 6 ol oo) oes viajennie nal eiey= .
PU IMAPOLCULLIENI Gs) WNi oa) cra «chs (0) st0!o/e) sfiniove.caiatvisis) «are via) 0 ilies
Fam. 8. Cybocephalide.
CyBocEPHauus, Erich.
58. nitens, W. [<—eespherula, W.] «0... sees mc |x|.
Fam. 9. Corylophide.
. ARTHROLIPS, W.
Ey PEL CST LLU ILLUS HEN Captaris leceisve « wena oceravesy eu auceetersner ert voucilieas s
ORTHOPERUS, Steph.
GOP a LOMATIUS SET COR. 5:s.0.02 2% aoe: oo en ns age aiaial=is NES.
. SERICODERUS, Steph.
Gle lateralisn(Meg:); Gylli.’..)1< cise ose sioes MC},
Fam. 10. Ptiliade.
Acrortricuts, Mots.
Gosna visi pili MING tte ay. ce asain vieieceketeeimin otaleis aisforesetey® Palle
Fam. 11. Phalacride.
. PHatacrvs, Payk.
Ce ALE TIIIILIES ON ole ote] «os sintered Matec niarttaa clave Te’ ata © evelistoyel ltrs |
OxrBRvS, Erich.
Gil nigihiin, Wis deocacnonclooo dn omoOpCocmon Cutt %
GON OLELUER AWW ces taiay foals alors eraartnneuclore’n bia. bei ehele alle ? emmatura, W.] ............).. |. a
SO MOD ILENE Wie. [ roi i's 's s elcleteta was oe eae ee el te Ss
Larruipivs, Hbst.
PS PRU TIEAIS 1s les 2S 5 s0 06 Saeko aenae & eee MC
MerropuTHaLmus, W.
91. creteicollis, W. [<—asperatus, W.] ... 1.445 m
| S. Vie.
| S. Nic.
* * |S. Ant.
*
ri CO Fc
* Aa hosa| |e alia tale
62,
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
69.
70.
(pls
72.
73.
74.
75.
INDEX TOPOGRAPHICUS.
| S. Ant.
| S. Vie.
| S. Nic.
| S. lago.
Fam. 19. Mycetophagide.
MyrMeEcoxeEnvs, Chey.
DoRV AO OLALLOLUI, GUST ie. ws cc vee nee oe GH safe.
TypHma (Kby), Steph.
GBs iim, JbG 6Sis cece cokes HOBO Neer On ICS MC/x
Litareus, Erich.
94, trifasciatus, W. [=—>?pilosus, W.] .....- m C | «
Fam. 20. Dermestide. °
DeErRMESTES, L.
SUM MMEOUTNUS ely secede; cxorere)siotavel s.cyeve)etoionsiole eae MC}..
ATTAGENUS, Lat.
96. ensicornis, W. [<—es? Scheffert, Hbst] .... mc|-.
Fam. 21. Byrrhide.
Linnicuus (Ziegl.), Lat.
NEN I CL ECOTMIES DNV ote aus; vi asia st oNe eons polsieie teers he elakehaae Piles lellereterliac
Fam. 22. Histeride.
. TrreETRIvs, Erich.
QS, CORRAL NN ae OOOO re TOOTS Oma vole ete
SAPRINUS, Erich.
CIEL AREAS iirc Die ean ee ie SION Dok Binisicks
100. perinterruptus, de Mars, [=»—>equestris, Er.] ....|--|.-|--
OSE MANO UM CEREUS, CES on. cans. adcveim cir g arsigiates-qieleeceiais .
PPE COU CEM cgi cotes olsvers ale) ciel aisave a: 6 aie Ssliele’ wr etectyel 0 4 .
We NG TILICR ELS ENN oo) nck oP i e.6 fois Sie 0. sievexsice gisele wf So8) ye icysinian nile #|-
106. Dryas, W.
MED TREE OLAS TOWN fore «) x) wh" s fle) s) ove''aile o10'0) 0 sieve 2) ara)py oreo |} leat.
151. elhiptipennis, W. [<—m? obsita, W.] «1.02. . ee ee velecfeste | aes
152. angustula, W. [<—eeobsita, W.| «1... ee eee ees ao es a ed
Usa, diste Wo sdhocc bend atoooscncodcoloouauodeS vol ae le eleelee
154. sitoneformis, W. [<—em? obsita, W.]. 0.050006. wele ola].
Fam. 35. Anthribide.
107. TRIGONORHINusS, W.
MEN PATS NV noe che scxjour ess sia Wiorsjeber neces se = oreafetens Bilal
Fam. 36. Bruchide.
108. Brucuvs, Geoffr.
MESSER CTC SEV corae as eiatereleic awicls ais's sv elatare ite eas [ee ¥|- aralle
MEDS mPITEUSCOUMAS: NViniecaic'ls)o) a! eho: oiel e's (os: 6i008 » C7e et eemoue [erate al «| aI.
Fam. 37. Crioceride.
109. Lema, F.
NESS A SICI ACTON eraser etches stots ic ete set once eter tse al. |x
G9? Clara aW. 6 os ia cats One Oar keeles Paar
110, Criocrrts, Geoffr.
NGO: earsdotestacets We Sccsih as Suc yosmee ees. comune le. *
268 INDEX TOPOGRAPHICUS.
Fam. 38. Gallerucide.
111. Catomicrvs, Steph.
AGL EPUEIRER OWN 8 sa wisss Otel ap oid Piagin t ee Nee
Fam. 39. Halticide.
112, Haurica, Geoffr.
(Phyllotreta, Chev.)
GQ DONTE NV PR cris a ticers Sica aaah elon Cre *% Me
163. leviceps, W. [<—m? melena, T.] ..... eee eee fee Bi Fan
164. subatra, W. age Hoth] 1) wares niete tae ae .
(Aphthona, Chev.)
165. levissima, W. | euphoria, Schr.] ........ *
| Fogo.
* |S. Iago.
* | Brava. —
* * :
166. signatifrons, W. [<—m? flaviceps, All.] ........ Pa) On:
1138. Lonerrarsts, Lat.
167. stenocyphon, W. [<—epersimilis, W.| ...... mc|..
168. laxicornis, W. [<—e? stenocyphon, W.| ....mc}--|-- Pe
114, ArGosomus, W.
LGOE epilachmotdess NV cae sieves ovaivint> onayerchee nieeety totter an
MO SNOUSCUTAPENRNIS MWiemere reieiteen ehe Be Stood, Raha uthcc setedete =3illo ole
Fam. 40. Cassidide.
115, AsprmomorpHA, Hope.
7a Cintas maar isi cites trict coisa ber eee eet
Fam. 41. Coccinellide.
116. Cyponta, Muls.
FZ 5 vavACi Nee 1 C21) 5 EMTS, © Hae tote faataten cde cle ote *
117. Exocuromts, Redt.
IUPgS hci veal ojes cTartsied ho (Cl eR Atta estes Cicep Oe OEE 9-6 hc Ga = alee
118. CoccrnELia, L.
iD inn OWE 56 5 Geb oo sd odo bes Bod MC|x|!..
UT DS OP FCM ESTO ef ctere Store islasntrs one enecentolorem tetova Pal eollad
119. Scymnvs, Kugel.
7 GCP PONAT EUS SAV ales lof ciatin Cher eae eee *
LOG pe TIDAL TERN erin Go tod a wucuosuoda das ndoonads x|#|..
178. nigropictus, W.[=—>? canariensis, W.j ....mec)..|..|..
179. posticus, W. [<—efloricola, W.] . 1.0... eee mG |= ele
WSO M/lorscolanaWeae cite pein eee eter ier MUCH hela
181. fractus, W. [=—maculosus, W.]. 0.1... mc| |...
182. picturatus, W. [—«? maculosus, W.|...... Mme) |-0e)'.
183. maritimus, W. [~<—e?? maculosus, W.].... Mec | x
SAS CON SRECUUS® NV ch-teel talevaisievevet era eieteiere eines eilocler
NSS. Gepiesstseuses mW cls -isicleia cen > cielereinietele mreeetertiarere fat ohare
Fam. 42. Tentyriade.
120, HreGETER, Lat.
OG Hristis, IN cee sees ais oe eaten eee ene eee ee MC/,
121. Oxycara, Erich.
Tei ehegeterciutes, ETICh. 6c rricic teres ie etre re ee & |» she of eee ee
188. ebenina, W. |<—«?hegeterordes, Ey.] ..........)..
NSO CASEANEG, NV a ye ios: via ayctorsdnrg shes ctamerstoley eats Oe OEE Oe
TBO spedinoudes, ETICN. 6.6.3 ve ese as es coke ee *
191. levis, W. [<—epedinoides, Er.| «6... ee eee eed. si
192. cribrata, W. [<—em?? pedinoides, Er.] «......-..).. nial Ne
121. OxycaRa (continued).
193. similis, W. [<—e?pedinoides, Er.] ..... pialcreliarel oifieifiste .
194. trrorata, W. [<—am?? pedinordes, Er.] ........+-|++/++ .
LSI. agg wii, VAG DER ee GI Qn Octobe Sloe citer) i fo .
A SeRCHEM LEAD NN bay crass cess sist cv'et/on nt Wyo}ot 0\ st 0} eioh eh aroha e: el otrorer sale [one |er™ .
122.
128,
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
151.
INDEX TOPOGRAPHICUS.
| S. Nic.
| 8. Tago.
Fam. 43. Scauride.
Scaurvs, F.
197. variolosus, NViierusteyeistons td Skeo COW oS Ge Oe A tac ol kag kes wales
Fam, 44. Pedinide.
CENOSCELIS, W.
RS PEEPLES NV bo casa eicc ic sei spe ode Paice mt vesclabuetoigbure Toroyere &.¥ 40 0\% eloetes
Fam, 45. Phylacide.
Meranocoma, W.
BEEP MN ACHE Gon! Lisionso¥e hse) sia leva’ aroia iece seals, nie Cle AE wefeale cls
TRICHOSTERNUM, W.
RMMLCUCUTACOSUM A Luks: %055/ch0/aictelele's wis sheieg shane ois ¢ base os
201. melanarium, Er. [<—etenebricosum, Er.] ...... Hlecle-
202. nicolense, W. {<—eetenebricosum, Ey.|.......... .
CMM OTATEVLOSUNL,. NV ciao s! 61 aiataials, a°6n,6'0's 8218 epele Vey eerie veleeles
Fam. 46. Opatride.
Opatrvum, F.
204. patruele (Dej.), Erich. [=—lutoswm, W.].... ¢ |. -
PECL EBILICS HON ome Syteioi'n aia nine sec J sleicidasae tesa s * | *
BrrmeRn STOUT ESCs 05, a ela)ao = afthe'd ele ea sss 2 b's oft MC\x
Hatonomus, W.
207. ovatus, Erich. [=»—salinicola, W.].......... C |..
Fam. 47. Stizopide.
AmmipivuM, Erich.
lsh (GLUERIT DS Sate Ula to oa RNRe CxO eG
Fam. 48. Trachyscelidz.
ANEMIA, de Castel.
UE), GPL SST, NIG een ROS Pas ea ae ene, I 9
DOe datas Wiel, foe Reis SL aeesie
PsEUDANEMIA, W.
Palalem DLE WACOM VV eta «os! .'s, svorsco:» meteve al alocsi shores vcard Cllr.
Fam. 49. Phaleriade.
PHALERIA, Lat.
SMD CLIT TRS Wise ao 0's os NO ores, sh Rat he es
DAS PON GIENE,, NEUEN PAG Coie oe ale ative rd co See
Fam. 50. Ulomide.
. PSEUDOSTENE, W.
214. angusta, W. [=—fossoria, W.] ............ cae
. Trrpotium, MacL.
Alert TENEUSINEUIMN Bs - 5 sis me ste rerate ie slohter erate te 3 1 GTO (el inal isi
* * *
*
* * *
| Brava.
270
134,
135,
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
144.
145.
INDEX TOPOGRAPHICUS.
GNATHOCERUS, Thunb.
ANGE Cera it el Oo AOR ODED ROD coo te oat GOLC Mahia:
Hyroruievs, F,
217. ficicola, W.[<—esambiguus, W.] .........- v0 ed oo) fe
218. subdepressus, BW istvoncneiaece: URS eet. C}..
219. longicollis, W
yan oe
© [0 616 0) © 08 0 ¢ 007 (6) 0 0..6\.0 ee 8 646.6) 8 'ee18 © \e Mere
221. diaperinus, ugel. Siuiede Mite ots tekere eae oan M C}..|..
222. piceus, Ol See Eee ee a. MC}..
XENOGLEUvS, W.
Dat POULUSs. WV cto uiwisisioeinie seis cle emiemieme = ee Sea
Fam. 51. (demeridez.
Dityuvs, Schm.
224, pallidus, W. [<—«sconcolor, Br. |
Fam. 52. Meloida.
CantTuaris, Geoff.
PATENT 4 rTM BoC Oe IC ee Le ee ee Oe EOS Cc
Fam. 53. Mordellide.
Awaspis, Geoffr.
Aa ONEVECONIES GNV cu als (akeieia'eicle)e)+\c > oposite een eee
Fam. 54. Pedilide.
. PsEuDOSCRAPTIA, W.
ilo, CHILD \Ni. “Wobaeebnoouososaogop0edos5bor
. XYLOPHILUS (Bon.), Lat.
DS MOT EUIGLCON TERS NV aeteta cool hatn ake er aeteiel eee
229 SPAUESCENS, WV oe ifelne els ene els) Safeline aalde MC
Fam. 55. Anthicide.
AnTuicts, Payk.
230; F Horalissy 3 A ocisyee sisidisiesteneeltiws) eeenetnte MC
QB iT SeEmibus.e Lind: oy. ixccmicler cuts etait eee MC
DEVE Ghiemibhy ate fon eos oBoptoAsamg hoon bd dc ° Cae
Dae VEGUCLISINN ot Taketstetonaicuctote ors ceisas etatcters eee f
Fam. 56. Pselaphide.
Bryaxts, Leach.
Dd, OCMC UME an |: alelsieie olehe\s ele eteiaeiieleeiala te
Fam. 57. Staphylinide.
(Aleocharides.)
. Homatora, Mann.
235. coriaria (Mill.), Ky
236. subputrescens, W. Fee scepaftveadene Wis].
2BYG Gis iiE I hu ha emea sae ooo oop a M C
238. exsecrabilis, W.
239. glareosa, W.
| S. Nic.
| S. Iago.
| Fogo.
Ole 0 © 0 0 6.0 0 6 0 60 8s © 26 06 6 © 6 00S 6 6 5) e108) * Sas
* * *
| Brava.
DAD Bear OUNCES: NV sso 2k es cee s melon sats eve x
* * * *
147.
148.
156,
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
168.
INDEX TOPOGRAPHICUS.
Oxypopa, Mann.
SUM OMURIELCES NV 01 pu) ei oheisi4'0\ 0 \e\e)eraiinvain » ele) e'o a 0/9/=
ALEocHARA, Gray.
22, (Pleas REA e ee ore cece nacngorc MC
TuG}, Goth Mises a puodiod Ob Oo ome mOomeeGn ten ic co
DAN AUCH CL ELVEL ig WWintias sctuiersisy => ehsin pelo) =) =the)
. OrreoTa, Mann.
DP COTUE III NV et oic.o.areie)oi nicl “Volnfepeteiera/si ss ©eys mc
. NEMATOSCELIS, W.
SPEC MUA TLETICS INV) Wj ays a isiclolois i sielal » 1s) ele /alalersiaterate soy
(Gymnusides.)
. Mytizna, Erich.
247. fuscula, W. [<—eelongata, Matth.] .........06.
( Tachyporides.)
. LeucoparyPuHus, Kraatz.
ins, Cicnen ash TGR Bee oomauec GocooocDodigog ge M
( Quediides. )
. TANYGNATHUS, Erich.
YAY, varicornis, W. [<—eterminalis, Er. | oO COMO DOC
. Hererotuoprs (Kby), Steph.
250. minutus, W. [<—exdissimilis, Gr.J........ MC
(Staphylinides.)
. Pattontuvs (Leach), Steph.
Boeermarcinipenmis (Gory); We oss... o.ns oe sens
Dace sey palartus, INOTOIMs colic» sleres vs ssic ess M
WSs}, Wemalbe, Cine BepooodosanpoUoCOOGor N
Ds eI COTM EHS OLAV cloccs's selec osm ae soe ne M
SED, GOED. Veh pdd por abe DomCOn Une Goce oombear
SPOS MM EMIT LUIS MEITICHS. 15 015 oxs.crs one « « oc0'd 6 00.010 « \
257. tenellus, W. [<—«procerulus, Gr.]........ m
(Xantholinides. )
LEpTAcIntvs, Erich.
258. parumpunctatus, Gyll. ............005- MC
(Pederides.)
Scopaus, Erich.
259. crassipes, W. [<—elevigatus, Gyll.] ........ c
ASU, jG GATS Np tr eio bo ae uOnCebobCobonce caace-
LirHocuaris, Erich.
PA SIEMOCHTACOR ACLU a0 cap.4.conso\ator'ahsy ev ocvenetaroreustone MC
Die OOSOlStA; NOLAN, g)./sc oe se oe otere Mere rehire: M
HES, Gelolliconmry We coocusodecbuooseonocn’ MC
Sunivus (Leach), Steph.
264, micromaculatis, Motss i. . ove oe ones «solve
Paperts, F.
265. Erichsoni, W. [<—mestuans, Ey.] .........+..
(Pinophilides. )
(Epicuirvs, Erich.
266; terminatis Erich. sites silo lester S <0 ce +
PALAMINUS, Erich.
DG Ue CECUSSALUS ST NV Gs tea toetiay tok -feteieiohetclena torte oy ene yo
PINOPHILUS, Gray.
BS OTT ae | oeieae Bonin doo Op bIOn on0.0 nie Cain GO one
Peale ties (Res :
}.9/.2] ®] -| 8
4/4 )S o|
wi |u| |od | | 69
* | * *
A) On) onc See
*| KI:
cule elle «| * I.
* | “|%| *| *¥
oe] Kye cle ele ele
*%\: ee Se
Kis ee ele ole
Kile e| Ke) KR) KIS
* |e °| 1 *| ¥
KBMilecle +) Klee | K
eole ele e| le
271
272 INDEX TOPOGRAPHICUS.
<4\b
( Oxytelides). w | w
164, Bieprvus (Leach), Steph. —
269. vitulus, Erich. [<—eebicornis, Germ.} .... C *
165, OxyTEetus, Gray.
270. depauperatus, W. [<—e? piceus, L.] .... mec| x
166. TrRoGorpHLa@vus, Mann.
271. transversalis, W. [<—m? arcuatus, St.] MC}..|
SF MA SMALLULUS | NV aiare toxic eRoevettetersto1e sieieke eked coat * |e
Ud TOCULRUUSS Wen Gtohatarete’steletctelatetctefetetclatote stare Cie
DAM PleGIOIGES AWice cistaus eis ais ads wieic oars INS Cle x
(Prestides. )
167. Isomauvs, Erich.
LO* MACS TETAQUTE: BWV oirealcraielote a) otetsialaie clavate oe hil
114/131
3 k
S| a s
Zi S| Sls
. | Ole
| wm ||
*
*
*
27|128)93'61
AP PEN I) 1X:
ADDENDA ETC.
TO THE
‘COLEOPTERA ATLANTIDU™.’
I starep in the Preface to this volume that, although pertaining
in reality to the mere northern archipelagos, I nevertheless thought
that it would not be inadmissible to call attention, here, in a short
Appendix, to a few additions to the ‘Coleoptera Atlantidum’
which have been brought to light since the publication, in 1865,
of that work. I have, however, but four actual novelties to record,
the whole of which are from the Madeiran Group,—one (Scymnus
epistemoides) having been captured, several years ago, by the late
Mr. Bewicke, in Porto Santo, and identified wrongly, at the time,
with a cognate form; whilst another (Hunectes helvolus) was dis-
covered, more recently, in Madeira proper by S" Moniz ; and the re-
maining two (Cephennium australe and Aleochara clavicornis,—
which raise the entire number of species detected in the Madeiras
to 668) were taken by myself, during the few days when we
touched at Funchal, in Mr. Gray’s yacht, on our outward cruise to
the Cape Verdes. )
But, apart from these, there are a certain number of corrections to
be made in nomenclature, and two fresh habitat-islands to be noted,
-—which may tend to give more significance to an Appendix which
might otherwise have been somewhat brief.
Fam. DYTISCIDA.
Page 71 (genus EUNECTES). After species 213, add :—
Eunectes helvolus.
Eunectes helvolus, Klug, Symb. Phys. 33. 3.
274 APPENDIX.
Eunectes conicollis, Woll., Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 97 (1861).
helvolus, Id., hej. op. 36.
Habitat Maderenses (Mad.), in Salinis ad “ Paul do Mar” sitis a
Dom. Moniz captus.
Examples of this Hunectes have been taken by Senhor Moniz at
Paul do Mar, in the west of Madeira proper—from amongst plants of
Ruppia rostellata, Koch, in the briny water of a Saltern. It would
appear, therefore, to be a saline species—a circumstance to which I ~
have called attention, at page 36 of this volume, whilst commenting
on its probable habitat in the Cape Verde archipelago. It is doubtless
a species of a wide African range; and I have already expressed my
belief [ude ‘Ann. Nat. Hist.’ vii. 99] that Aubé was mistaken in
treating it as a variety of the almost cosmopolitan Z. sticticus.
Fam. HELOPHORIDA.
P. 74 (genus OCHTHEBIUS).
(Sp. 223) Ochthebius subpictus.
Add Madeira proper to the habitat of this Ochthebius ; for although
the individuals taken by myself in Porto Santo were all that had
been observed until quite lately, a specimen has been communicated
by the Barao do Castello de Paiva which was captured in Madeira
proper. Being found in the brackish streams in Porto Santo, it is
not improbable that it may occur likewise in water which is almost,
or even entirely, saline: at any rate in the same bottle which con-
tained it there are examples of the Calobius Heeri, which resides
amongst Conferve in the small pools of actual sea-water (along the
rocky shores both of Madeira and Porto Santo); and I cannot but
think it likely, therefore, that this single Ochthebius subpictus may
perhaps have been captured in company with the Calobii.
Fam. HYDROPHILIDA.
P. 77. (genus PHILYDRUS).
(Sp. 252) Philydrus melanocephalus.
As in the case of the last species, Madeira proper may be added to
the habitat of this Philhydrus—examples of it having been captured,
in company with the Hunectes helvolus, by Senhor Moniz, in a
Saltern at Paul do Mar. It abounds in Porto Santo; and although
APPENDIX. Ja5
found in pools and streams generally, it appears to prefer water
which is more or less brackish. It will probably be eventually
ascertained to be universal throughout the whole of these Atlantic
Groups, wherever there is sufficient moisture to favour its mode of
life.
Fam. COCUJIDA.
P. 135 (genus SILVANUS).
(Sp. 387) Silvanus unidentatus.
For this read Silvanus bidentatus, Fab., instead of “ wnrdentatus,
Oliv.” On examining it afresh, and more critically, I find that it
should be referred to the former of the above-mentioned species,
rather than (as I had concluded) to the latter. And I may add
that the S. bidentatus differs from the wnidentatus in being a little
larger and more coarsely sculptured, in its limbs being propor-
tionately a trifle longer, and its eyes more developed, and in its
prothorax (which is more evidently bisulcate down the disk) being
a gittle more sinuate (or less straightened) at the sides, with the
anterior angles a great deal more produced, and even the basal ones
just appreciably more prominent—so as to occasion the prothorax
to appear, relatively, a trifle less narrow behind.
Fam. HISTERIDZ.
P. 169 (genus SAPRINUS).
(Sp. 485) Saprinus ignobilis.
De Marseul, without stating the reason why, has changed [vide
L’Abeille, 1. 353 (1864) ] the title of my Saprinus ignobilis into that
of S. Wollastoni. I think it sufficient Just to call attention to the
fact ; for [must own that I do not understand on what principle the
alteration has been made.
Fam. CURCULIONID:.
P. 252 (genus RHYNCOLUS).
(Sp. 706) Rhyncolus crassirostris.
For the specific name crassirostris read pinipotens—Mr. G. R.
Crotch haying called my attention to the fact (likewise referred to,
TZ
276 APPENDIX.
I perceive, by Lacordaire) that the former title was preoccupied by
Perris, in the ‘ Ann. de la Soc. Linn. de Lyon’ (sér. 2, iv. 147), for
a Rhyncolus from the south of France.
Fam. COCCINELLIDA.
P. 383 (genus SCYMNUS). After species 1054, add :—
Scymnus epistemoides, n. sp.
S. ellipticus, niger aut subpiceo-niger, nitidulus, leviter punctulatus,
et parce cinereo pubescens; prothorace breviter subconico, con-
colori; elytris subventricosis ; labro, antennis, palpis pedibusque
infuscate testaceis.—Long. corp. lin. 3.
Habitat Maderenses (P” S”); exemplar unicum olim collegit Dom.
Bewicke.
Obs.—Species nigra, aptera, S. limnichoides propinquans ; sed
subminor (?), magis elliptica (i.e. antice et postice subacutior),
vix minus nitida, et conspicue levius minutiusque punctata, pro-
thorace magis conico (antice sensim angustiore), etiam ad latera
concolori, linea basali magis per basin ipsissimam siti, elytris paulo
magis ventricosis (pone basin utrinque magis rotundatis).
The single example from which the above diagnosis has been
compiled was taken in Porto Santo, several years ago, by the late
Mr. Bewicke, and was inadvertently identified by myself with the
S. limnichoides—to which in its size, general affinity, apterous body,
and dark colour it closely approaches. The specimen having how-
ever, since the death of Mr. Bewicke, fallen into my possession, I
am enabled to examine it with greater care, and I now perceive
that it is unquestionably distinct from the limnichoides—though
belonging clearly to the same type. Whether it be a trifle smaller
than that species I can scarcely say, from the evidence afforded by a
single individual; but it is considerably more elliptical in outline,
or sharper before and behind (the prothorax being more conical, or
attenuated in front, and the elytra more rounded outwards behind
the shoulders); it is also much more lightly, and finely, punctu-
lated ; and its prothorax, which has the basal line placed even still
nearer to the extreme edge, does not appear (at any rate in the
example before me) to be diluted in hue towards the sides. Al-
though there is no label appended’ to it, I have said that it was
captured in Porto Santo because I distinctly recollect that it was
communicated to me by Mr. Bewicke as found by himself in that
island.
APPENDIX. bale
Fam. SCYDMANIDA.
P. 449. After the genus SCYDMZENUS, add :—
Genus CEPHENNIUM.
Miiller, Mon. d. Ameisenk. 12 (1822).
Cephennium australe, n. sp.
C. ellipticum, nitidulum, parce sed grosse fulvo-cinereo pubescens,
remote sed parum profunde punctatum ; capite prothoraceque pal-
lide rufo-ferrugineis, illo convexo, postice ad latera subrecto et
anguste marginato; coleopteris piceis, vel ferrugineo-piceis, ad
basin ipsam fovea media rotundata utrinque impressis; antennis
pedibusque testaceis.—Long. corp. lin. 3-§.
Habitat Maderenses (Mad.), a meipso in castanetis editioribus longe
supra urbem Funchalensem mense Decembri, A.p. 1865, parce
deprehensum.
Obs.—Species C. thoracico, Kuropeo, minor, angustior, minus
polita, paulo densius punctata, necnon omnino _pallidior—sc.
capite prothoraceque pallide subrufescentibus, elytrisque plus
minus picescentibus.
I took three examples of this interesting little Cephennium (which
introduces an entirely new, and most important, Scydmznideous
genus into the Atlantic-island fauna) on the 19th of December
1865, while touching at Madeira on our outward route to the Cape
Verdes. They were captured by sifting dead leaves and rubbish, in
the chestnut-woods at the Mount, on the hills above Funchal; but
their extremely minute size rendered them not very easy to detect.
They are smaller and narrower than the European C. thoracicum ;
also less highly polished, rather less remotely punctured, and con-
siderably paler—their head and prothorax being pale rufo-ferru-
ginous, and their elytra more or less piceous; whilst the limbs,
which are slender, are brownish-testaceous.
Fam. STAPHYLINIDA.
P. 476 (genus ALEOCHARA). After species 1312, add :—
Aleochara clavicornis.
A, nigra, elytris, antennarum basi, palpis pedibusque fusco-testaceis,
nitida, grosse sed vix dense fulvo pubescens, parce et subasperate
278 APPENDIX.
punctata ; abdomine apicem versus dilutiore ; antennis ecrassis et
Sete eke : ee
(basi excepta) piceis——Long. corp. lin. 14-12.
Aleochara clavicornis, Redt., Fna Austr. 822 (1849).
, Kraatz, Nat. der Ins. Deutsch. 11. 108 (1858).
Habitat Maderenses (Vad.), juxta mare in urbe Funchalensi a meipso
mense Decembri, a.p. 1865, semel capta.
I met with a single specimen of this little Aleochara, immediately
behind the sea-beach, at Funchal, in Madeira proper—during the
few days that we touched there, in December 1865, on our outward
route to the Cape Verdes. Although occurring in central Europe, it
appears to be found more particularly in Mediterranean latitudes ;
and I may add that I took several examples of it, some years ago,
in the vicinity of Lisbon—a fact indeed which suggests the possibi-
lity of its having perhaps been introduced into Madeira (like,
doubtless, many of the stercoraceous Staphylinide), along with
cattle, from Portugal. The Madeiran individual was captured on
the wing ; and we may expect that the species will shortly become
abundant in the island, if indeed this is not the case already. AI-
though scarcely agreeing with the diagnosis given by Kraatz (par-
ticularly as regards its somewhat larger size), I am indebted to M.
Fauyel for identifying it with Redtenbacher’s A. clavicornis.
P. 489 (genus OCYPUS).
(Sp. 1348) Ocypus atratus.
According to Fauvel this Ocypus is absolutely conspecific with the
European O. ater. This may perhaps be the case; but I am not
altogether satisfied that itis. At any rate I called attention to its
close affinity with that species, whilst mentioning a few small cha-
racters in which it appeared to me that it did not quite accord
with it; so that entomologists must judge for themselves whether
or not they will regard it as a mere geographical phasis of its
more northern representative.
P. 489. (Sp. 1850) Ocypus punctatissimus.
Fauvel regards this Lanzarotan and Fuerteventuran Ocypus as
identical with the European O. cupreus; and I think it is extremely
likely that such may be the case. Indeed I stated as much, both in
my ‘Canarian Catalogue’ and in my ‘Coleoptera Atlantidum,’—
while, at the same time, pointing out a few trivial characters in
which the species seemed to me to differ from its near ally.
APPENDIX. 279
P. 492 (genus PHILONTHUS).
(Sp. 1359) Philonthus marcidus,
This Philonthus appears to be conspecific with the European P.
concinnus, Gray., as lately pointed out by M. Fauvel. Its synonymy
should consequently be cited thus:
Staphylinus concinnus, Grav., Col. Micropt. 21 (1802).
politus?, Brullé [nec Girav.}, in W. et B. ( Col.) 60 (1888).
Philonthus marcidus, Woll., Cat. Can. Col. 571 (1864).
—~, Id., Col. Atl.'492 (1865).
P. 493. (Sp. 1360) Philonthus proximus.
As implied in my remarks at page 238 of this volume, the present
Philonthus is identical with the European P. ventralis, Grav.,—a
name which must therefore be substituted for that of proximus, Woll.
Like most of the Philonthi of these various Atlantic islands, it has
probably been introduced from more northern latitudes—occurring
sparingly in the Madeiras, Canaries, and Cape Verdes. Its syno-
nymy must therefore be altered thus:
Staphylinus ventralis, Grav., Col. Micropt. 174 (1802).
Philonthus ventralis, Evich., Gen. et Spec. Staph. 473 (1839).
proximus, Woll., Cat. Mad. Col. 189 (1857).
-—— , Id., Cat. Can. Col. 573 (1864).
—— — , ld., Col. Atl, 493 (1865).
P. 495. (Sp. 1364) Philonthus punctipennis.
M. Fauvel has communicated to me several examples of Erichson’s
P. turbidus, which are undoubtedly conspecific with my P. puncti-
pennis. It would appear, therefore, to be an insect of a wide geo-
graphical range ; for it is not only found in the Madeiras, Canaries,
and Cape Verdes, but Fauvel’s specimens are from Egypt, the Mau-
ritius, the Isle of France, and Assam, whilst it is recorded by Erich-
son from Madagascar. The following, consequently, must be quoted
for its synonymy :—
Philonthus turbidus, Lrich., Gen. et Spec. Staph. 484 (1839).
punctipennis, Woll., Cat. Mad. Col. 192 (1857),
—- ,Id., Cat. Can. Col. 575 (1864).
— — , Id., Col. Atl. 495 (1865).
P. 504 (genus SCOPAUS).
(Sp. 1390) Scopzeus trossulus.
A Scopeus which is said by Fauvel to be identical with the Me-
diterranean S. sericans, of Mulsant and Rey; and, if this identifica-
280 APPENDIX.
tion should prove to be correct, the synonymy will have to stand
thus :
Scopus sericans, Mids, et Rey, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 165 (1854).
trossulus, Woll., Cat. Can. Col. 585 (1864).
, Id., Col, Atl, 504 (1865).
P. 514 (genus BLEDIUS).
(Sp. 1418) Bledius januvianus.
I have already stated, at page 254 of the present volume, that
this large Bledius (which I captured originally in Lanzarote of the
Canarian Group, and subsequently in 8. Vicente of the Cape Verdes)
has been identified by Fauvel with Erichson’s B. vitulus—a species
recorded from Arabia. In all probability, therefore, it will be
found to possess a wide African range. Assuming Fauvel’s identi-
fication to be correct (for I have not myself had an opportunity of
verifying it), the synonymy of the species must be altered as fol-
lows :—
Bledius vitulus, Evich., Gen. et Spec. Staph. 761 (1839).
januvianus, JWoll., Cat. Can. Col. 593 (1864).
— —, ld., Col. Atl. 514 (1865).
P. 522 (genus HOMALIUM).
(Sp. 1440) Homalium sculpticolle.
This species has been identified by Fauvel with the H. Allardii,
Fairm., which was captured by M. Allard “ dans les fumiers d’une
ferme ” near Paris, and subsequently ‘‘ dans une cave ” by M. H.
Brisout de Barneville. Assuming, therefore, Fauvel’s determination
to be correct, the synonymy will stand thus :—
Omalium Allardii, Fairm., Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de France, 44 (1859).
Homalium sculpticolle, Woll., Cat. Can. Col. 602 (1864).
— , Id., Col. Atl. 522 (1865).
abdominale, Dactylo-
sternum, 48.
Acrotrichis invisibilis, 54.
zgyptiaca, Cicindela, 2.
zequalis, Lyctus, 111.
zereus, Dineutus, 37.
affinis, Pentatemnus, 122.
africanus, Cybister, 36.
Aleochara Armitaget, 229.
comma, 229.
— puberula, 228.
—— 4-punctata, 230.
Alphitobius diaperinus,
208.
mauritanicus, 209.
piceus, 208.
alutaceus, Tarus, 8.
Amblystomus lineatus, 14.
viridulus, 13.
Ammidium ciliatum, 195.
amplicornis, Bruchus,
141.
Anaspis brevicornis, 215.
anchomenoides, Tarus, 9.
Anemia crassa, 196.
denticulata, 197.
angusta, Pseudostene,202,
angustula, Dinas, 135.
Anobium paniceum, 109.
Anthicus crinitus, 219.
dimidiatus, 220.
floralis, 218.
reductus, 221.
Aphanarthrum hesperi-
dum, 117.
Aphodius lividus, 89.
Paivanus, 90.
— Rendallii, 91.
taeniatus, 89.
Apion 4-spinosum, 172.
Apteroclerus fusiformis,
oY),
areolatus, Perileptus, 28.
Argosomus epilachnoides,
153.
obscuripennis, 153.
281
INDEX.
artemisix, Coccinella, 158.
Arthrolipstestudinalis,51.
ascendens, Masoreus, 17.
aspericollis, Cryphalus,
116.
asperula, Oxycara, 177.
Aspidomorpha cincta,
154.
aterrimus, Phalacrus, 55.
atomarius, Orthoperus,
53.
, Tachys, 28.
Attagenus ensicornis, 80.
attenuatus, Dromius, 9.
Auletes euphorbie, 126.
auriculatus, Dyschirius, 7.
Bembidium curyimanum,
2
30.
hesperidum, 31.
Lucasii, 30.
subcallosum, 32.
bicolor, Corticaria, 75.
bifoveolata, Rhizopertha,
110.
bipartitus, Holoparame-
Blechrus strigicollis, 12.
bledioides, Trogophleeus,
257.
Bledius januvianus, 253.
—— vitulus, 253.
Boisduvalii, Chlenius, 19.
Bostrychus Grayanus,
109.
brevicollis, Pseudanemia,
199.
brevicornis, Anaspis, 213.
Bruchus amplicornis, 141.
calcaratus, 140.
Bryaxis gemmula, 221.
calearatus, Bruchus, 140.
Calomicrus teeniatus, 145.
Calosoma imbricatum, 6.
Mader, 5.
Calosoma senegalense, 4.
tegulatum, 4.
Cantharis Fry, 212.
Caragonia canariensis,
183.
carbonarius, Scymnus,
159.
carbunculus, Homalota,
226.
Carpophilus auropilosus,
dimidiatus, 59.
hemipterus, 58.
mutilatus, 58.
Cassida cincta, 154.
castanea, Oxycara, 172.
Cenoscelis tibialis, 180.
centromaculatus, Tachys,
29.
Cerandria cornuta, 204.
Cercyon fimicola, 48,
putricola, 49.
Cetonia gagates, 94.
Chilocorus nigripennis,
157.
Chleenius Boisduyalii, 19.
consanguineus, 20.
uncosignatus, 18.
Cicindela zxgyptiaca, 2.
hesperidum, 1.
vicina, 3.
ciliatum, Ammidium,195,
cincta, Aspidomorpha,
154.
clavicollis, Leemophleeus,
68.
clavipes, Opatrum, 188.
Clarkiana, Lema, 143.
Clarkii, Phaleria, 200.
Cleonus maculipes, 131.
mucidus, 130.
velatus, 131.
clientula, Homalota, 224,
Coccinella artemisizx, 158.
7-punctata, 157.
/ comma, Aleochara, 229.
282
consanguineus, Chlenius,
20.
contempta, Oligota, 231.
Copelatus formosus, 34.
coriaria, Homalota, 228.
cornutus, Gnathocerus,
204.
corticalis, Teretrius, 81.
Corticaria bicolor, 75.
immatura, 74.
obliterata, 75.
rotulicollis, 74.
serrata, 74.
Corynetes rufipes, 102.
Cossyphodes W ollastonii,
65.
crassa, Anemia, 196.
crassipes, Scopzeus, 242.
erassus, Hyphydrus, 33.
Cratognathus labiatus,
22.
crenicollis, Synchyta, 62.
ereteicollis, Metophthal-
mus, 76.
creteopictus, Lixus, 129.
eribrata, Oxycara, 175.
crinitus, Anthicus, 219.
Crioceris luridotestacea,
14.
Cryphalus aspericollis,
116.
mucronifer, 116.
Cryptophagus dentatus,
rile
seanicus, 71.
Cryptopleurum suleatum,
49.
eurta, Oxycara, 177.
curvimanus, Tachys, 30.
Cybister africanus, 36.
Cybocephalus nitens, 50.
Cyclonotum orbiculare,
47.
Cydonia vicina, 155.
Cymindis Faminii, 7.
Dactylosternum abdomi-
nale, 48.
debilicornis, Lithocharis,
245.
decussatus, Palaminus,
250.
dentatus, Cryptophagus,
Ale
denticulata, Anemia, 197.
depauperatus, Oxytelus,
254.
depressiusculus,Scymnus,
167.
Dermestes vulpinus, 79.
Diaclina suffusa, 207.
INDEX.
diaperinus, Alphitobius,
208.
Dichirotrichus lineato-
pictus, 25.
digitatus, Paromalus, 88.
dilutus, Helochares, 43.
, Trogophleeus, 255.
dimidiata, Pseudoscrap-
tia, 215.
dimidiatus, Anthicus, 220.
, Carpophilus, 59.
Dinas angustula, 135.
elliptipennis, 134.
obsita, 136.
rugicollis, 153.
sitonzformis, 137.
Dineutus «wreus, 37.
subspinosus, 37.
Diplognatha gagates, 94.
discoideus, Philonthus,
238.
Ditoma linearis, 64.
lyctiformis, 63.
Ditylus pallidus, 211.
Dohrniana, Haltica, 146.
Dohrnii, Microclerus, 101.
, Tarus, 8.
Dromius attenuatus, 9.
submaculatus, 10.
Dyschirius auriculatus, 7.
ebenina, Oxycara, 172.
echinatus, Microptinus,
103.
elliptipennis, Dinas, 154.
elongatum, Leucohima-
tium, 72.
ensicornis, Attagenus, 80.
epilachnoides, Argosomus,
53
equestris, Saprinus, 82.
Eremonomus Huttont,
LOSI
Erichsoni, Pzederus, 247.
Eunectes conicollis, 36.
— helvolus, 35.
subcoriaceus, 35.
euphorbiz, Auletes, 126,
, Microclerus, 101.
euphorbiarum, Rhynco-
lus, 119.
Exochromus nigripennis,
157.
exsecrabilis, Homalota,225
Faminii, Platytarus, 7.
ferrugineum, Tribolium,
204.
ferrugineus, Xyletinus,
107.
ficicola, Hypophleus,205.
filiformis, Scopxus, 243.
filipes, Nematoscelis, 232.
fimicola, Cereyon, 48.
, Trechichus, 27.
floralis, Anthicus, 218.
floricola, Seymnus, 162.
formosus, Copelatus, 34.
fossor, Pinophilus, 252.
fractus, Seymnus, 163.
fragilicornis, Limnichus,
80.
Fryii, Cantharis, 212.
fumata, Typhea, 78.
fuscula, Myllena, 233.
fusiformis, Apteroclerus,
gagates, Diplognatha, 94.
geminatus, Saprinus, 86.
gemma, Olibrus, 56.
gemmula, Bryaxis, 221.
glareosa, Homalota, 226.
Gnathocerus cornutus,
204.
granarius, Sitophilus, 124,
granulosum, 'Trichoster-
num, 186. ;
gravidicornis, Xylophilus,
216.
Grayanus, Bostrychus, -
109.
Grayii, Metabletus, 11.
, Pogonus, 21.
grisescens, Heteroderes, -
95.
Gronops pallidulus, 131.
Halonomus Grayii, 192.
ovatus, 192.
Haltica Dohrniana, 146.
leeviceps, 147.
— levissima, 149.
signatifrons, 150.
subatra, 148.
Harpalus Paivanus, 23.
serienotatus, 24.
Hegeter elongatus, 168.
tristis, 168.
hegeteroides, Oxycara,
170.
Helochares dilutus, 43.
helvolus, Eunectes, 35.
hemipterus, Carpophilus,
58.
hesperidum, Aphanar-
thrum, 117.
, Bembidium, 31.
——, Cicindela, 1.
, Isomalus, 257.
Hesperus, Mesites, 125. -
Heteroderes grisescens,
95. ’
Heterophaga ovata, 192.
Heterothops minutus,
235.
hexagonus, Xenothorax,
16.
Hispalis viridulus, 13.
hispidum, Opatrum, 190.
Holoparamecus biparti-
tus, 73.
Homalota carbunculus,
226.
clientula, 224.
coriaria, 223.
exsecrabilis, 225.
glareosa, 226.
—— plebeia, 225.
sodalis, 223.
subputrescens, 223.
Hydreena quadricollis,
39.
Hydrobius dilutus, 43.
phalacroides, 47.
hydropathica, Oxypoda,
2217.
Hydroxenus minor, 42.
subpictus, 41.
Hyphydrus crassus. 33.
Hypophleeus ficicola,
205.
— longicollis, 206.
subdepressus, 205.
imbricatum, Calosoma, 6.
immatura, Corticaria, 74.
impressa, Synchyta, 61.
inarmatus, Silvanus, 69.
inconspicuus, Scymnus,
166.
invisibilis, Acrotrichis,54.
irrorata, Oxycara, 176.
Isomalus hesperidum,
257.
jatrophx, Lyctus, 112.
labiatus, Cratognathus,22.
Lzmophleceus clavicollis,
68.
—— politissimus, 67.
vermiculatus, 68.
leeviceps, Haltica, 147.
levis, Oxycara, 174.
levissima, Haltica, 149.
lateralis, Sericoderus, 53.
Latridius minutus, 76.
laxicornis, Longitarsus,
151.
Lema Clarkiana, 148.
Milleriana, 142.
INDEX.
Leptacinus parumpunc-
tatus, 241.
Leucohimatium elonga-
tum, 72.
Leucoparyphus silphoi-
des, 234.
Limnichus fragilicornis,
80.
linearis, Ditoma, 64.
lineatopictus, Dichirotri-
chus. 25.
lineatus, Amblystomus,
, Notiomimus, 108.
Liparthrum Loweanum,
118.
Litargus trifasciatus, 78.
Lithocharis egyptiaca,245
brevicornis, 245.
brevipes, 245.
debilicornis, 245.
obsoleta, 244.
ochracea, 244.
Lithocrus pallidus, 57.
lividus, Aphodius, 89.
Lixus creteopictus, 129.
longicollis, Hypophlceus,
206.
longipes, Nanophyes,125.
Longitarsus laxicornis,
ile
stenocyphon, 150.
Loweanum, Liparthrum,
ELSE
Lowei, Piarus, 106.
Lucasii, Tachys, 30.
luridotestacea, Crioceris,
144.
lyctiformis, Ditoma, 63.
Lyctus zequalis, 111.
jatroph, 112.
obsitus, 112.
lypriformis, Microlari-
nus, 128,
marginipennis, Philon-
thus, 236.
maritimus, Scymnus,165.
Masoreus ascendens, 17.
spinipes, 16.
mauritanica, Trogosita,
66.
melanarium, Trichoster-
num, 184.
melanocephalus, Philhy-
drus, 44.
Melanocoma vestita, 182.
Mesites Hesperus, 123.
Metabletus Grayii, 11.
Metophthalmus creteicol-
lis, 76.
283
Mezium suleatum, 103.
Microclerus Dobrnii,101.
euphorbiz, 101.
Microlarinus lypriformis,
128.
Microptinus echinatus,
103.
Milleri, Pecteropus, 97.
Milleriana, Lema, 142.
minor, Hydroxenus, 42.
minutus, Heterothops,235
, Latridius, 76.
minyops, Saprinus, 87.
Monocrepidius Grayii,95.
Monotoma spinicollis, 60.
spinifera, 60.
mucidus, Cleonus, 130.
mucronifer, Cryphalus,
116.
mutilatus, Carpophilus,
58.
Myllena fuscula, 233.
Myrmecoxenus vapora-
riorum, 77.
Nanophyes longipes, 125.
Nematoscelis filipes, 232.
nicolense, Trichosternum,
186.
nigripennis, Exochromus,
157.
nigromaculatus, Sunius,
246.
nigropictus, Seymnus,
160.
nitens, Cybocephalus, 50.
nobilis, Trox, 93.
notatus, Olibrus, 56.
Notiomimus lineatus,108.
obesulus, Phleeophagus,
120.
obliterata, Corticaria, 75.
obscuripennis, Argoso-
mus, 155.
obsita, Dinas, 136.
obsitus, Lyctus, 112.
obsoleta, Lithocharis,244.
ochracea, Lithocharis,
244,
Ochthebius 4-foveolatus,
39.
oculatus, Trogophlceus,
256.
Cidichirus terminatus,
248.
Olibrus gemma, 56.
notatus, 56.
Oligota contempta, 231.
Opatrum clayipes, 188,
fuscum, 190.
284:
Opatrum hispidum, 190.
melanarium, 184.
ovatum, 192.
patruele, 187.
prolixum, 189.
tenebricosum, 183.
tomentosum, 190.
virgatum, 190.
orbiculare, Cyclonotum,
47.
Orthoperus atomarius,
oryze, Sitophilus, 125.
ovatus, Halonomus, 192.
Oxycara asperula, 177.
castanea, 172.
cribrata, 175.
curta, 177.
— ebenina, 172.
hegeteroides, 170.
—— irrorata, 176.
levis, 174.
pedinoides, 173.
similis, 175.
Oxypoda hydropathica,
227.
Oxytelus depauperatus,
254.
Pederus angolensis, 248.
Erichsoni, 247.
Paivee, Saprinus, 89.
Paivanus, Aphodius, 90.
—, Harpalus, 25.
Palaminus decussatus,
250.
pallescens, Xylophilus,
217.
pallidulus, Gronops, 151.
, Seymnus, 160.
pallidus, Ditylus, 211.
——, Lithocrus, 57.
paniceum, Anobium, 109.
parallela, Phaleria, 201.
Paramecosoma simplex,
72.
ardalis,
; 139.
Paromalus digitatus, 88.
parumpunctatus, Lepta-
cinus, 241.
patruele, Opatrum, 187.
Pecteropus Milleri, 97.
Pediacus depressus, 69.
Trigonorhinus,
pedinoides, Oxycara, 173.
Pentatemnus affinis, 122.
perforans, Tomicus, 113.
Perileptus areolatus, 28.
perinterruptus, Saprinus,
83.
Phalacrus aterrimus, 55.
INDEX.
re Hydrobius,
Phaloria Clarkii, 200.
parallela, 201.
Philhydrus melanoce-
phalus, 44.
Philonthus discoideus,
238.
marginipennis, 236.
—— proximus, 238.
punctipennis, 240,
scybalarius, 237.
sinuatus, 239.
tenellus, 240.
turbidus, 240.
varians, 237.
ventralis, 238.
Phleophagus obesulus,
120.
Phylax validus, 183.
Piarus Lowei, 106.
piceus, Alphitobius, 208.
picturatus, Seymnus, Mess
Pinophilus fossor, 25
Platytarus Faminii, 7
Pogonus Grayii, 21.
politissimus, Leemophle-
us, 67.
politus, Xenogleeus, 210,
posticus, Seymnus, 161.
profundecrenatus, Ptero-
stichus, 21.
Pseudanemia breyicollis,
199.
Pseudoscraptia dimidia-
ta, 215.
Pseudostene angusta, 202.
Pterostichus profunde-
crenatus, 21.
puberula, Aleochara, 228.
putricola, Cercyon, 39.
quadricollis, Hydreena,
39
quadrifoveolatus, Ochthe-
bius, 39.
quadripunctata, Aleocha-
ra, 230.
quadrispinosum, Apion,
127.
reductus, Anthicus, 221.
Rendallii, Aphodius, 91.
Rhinocyllus lypriformis,
Rhizopertha bifoveolata,
110.
Rhyncolus euphorbia-
rum, 119.
Rhyssemus rugatus, 92.
rufipes, Corynetes, 102.
rugatus, Rhyssemus, 92.
rugicollis, Dinas, 133.
Saprinus equestris, 82.
geminatus, 86.
—— minyops, 87.
Paivie, 85.
perinterruptus, 85.
semipunctatus, 84.
scanicus, Cryptophagus,
fille
Scaurus variolosus, 178.
Scopzeus crassipes, 242.
filiformis, 243.
scybalarius, Philonthus,
237.
Scymnus carbonarius,159-
depressiusculus, 167.
floricola, 162.
fractus, 163.
inconspicuus, 166.
— maritimus, 165.
—— nigropictus, 160.
pallidulus, 160.
picturatus, 164.
posticus, 161.
semipunctatus, Saprinus,
84.
senegaiense, Calosoma, 4.
septempunctata, Cocci-
nella, 157.
Sericoderus lateralis, 53.
serienotatus, Harpalus,24.
serrata, Corticaria, 74.
signatifrons, Haltica, 150.
silphoides, Leucopary-
phus, 254.
Silvanus inarmatus, 69.
surinamensis, 69.
similis, Oxycara, 175.
simplex, Paramecosoma,
72.
sinuatus, Philonthus, 239.
sitonzformis, Dinas, 137.
Sitophilus granarius, 124,
oryze, 125
Solieri,Sternocephalus,45
Sphzericus tuberculicollis,
105.
spinicollis, Monotoma,
60.
spinipes, Masoreus, 16.
stenocyphon, Longitar-
sus, 150.
Stenolophus subrelucens,
26.
Sternocephalus Solieri,45.
strigicollis, Blechrus, 12.
subatra, Haltica, 148.
subcallosum, Bembidium,
a)
o2.
subcoriaceus, Eunectes,
35.
subdepressus, Hypophle-
us, 205.
submaculatus, Dromius,
10.
subpictus, Hydroxenus,
1
subputrescens, Homalota,
223.
subrelucens, Stenolophus,
26.
subspinosus, Dineutus,
37.
suffusa, Diaclina, 207.
sulcatum, Cryptopleu-
rum, 49.
, Mezium, 103.
Sunius nigromaculatus,
246.
surinamensis, Silvanus,
69.
erenicollis, 62.
Synchyta impressa, 61.
Tachinus silphoides, 254.
Tachys atomarius, 28.
centromaculatus,29.
curvimanus, 30.
Luceasii, 30.
teniatus, Aphodius, 89.
, Calomicrus, 145.
Tanygnathus varicollis,
234,
Tarus alutaceus, 8.
anchomenoides, 9.
Dohrnii, 8.
INDEX.
tegulatum, Calosoma, 4.
tenebricosum, Trichoster-
num, 183.
tenellus, Philonthus, 240.
Teretrius corticalis, 81.
terminatus, Cidichirus,
248.
testudinalis, Arthrolips,
51.
tibialis, Cenoscelis, 180.
Tomicus perforans, 113.
trypaneeoides, 114.
transversalis, Trogophle-
us, 255:
Trechichus fimicola, 27.
Trechus fimicolus, 27.
Tribolium ferrugineum,
204.
Trichopteryx invisibilis,
54.
Trichosternum granulo-
sum, 186.
melanarium, 184.
nicolense, 186.
striatum, 183.
tenebricosum, 183.
trifasciatus, Litargus,
78.
Trigonorhinus pardalis,
139.
tristis, Hegeter, 168.
Trogophleus bilineatus,
256.
—— bledioides, 257.
—— dilutus, 255.
oculatus, 256.
transversalis, 255.
THE END.
285
Trogosita mauritanica,
66.
Trox nobilis, 93.
trypaneoides, Tomicus,
114.
tuberculicollis,Spheericus,
105.
turbidus, Philonthus, 240.
Typhexa fumata, 78.
uncosignatus, Chlenius,
18.
vaporariorum, Myrme-
coxenus, 77.
varicollis, Tanygnathus,
234.
variolosus, Seaurus, 178.
ventralis, Philonthus, 238.
vestita, Melanocoma, 182.
vicina, Cydonia, 155.
viridulus, Amblystomus,
13.
vitulus, Bledius, 253.
vulpinus, Dermestes, 79.
Wollastonii,C ossyphodes,
65.
Xenogleeus politus, 210.
Xenothorax hexagonus,
16.
Xyletinus ferrugineus,
107.
Xylophilus gravidicornis,
216.
pallescens, 217.
PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
en ee
a0 a epsit - re
" hii i a. p.
aatinenr ela F pie teT?
“ a ~poaieet T p= tarts treat
a Paget a aret ;
~ et!
LL ee ae
eat we - a a it *
My DA)
Pile tes estate
ee er Te
OPCS RELIES E MEASURE SH
—
CS lt a
ee
Ce ORS TEM
=
mene ee
teh
no ten wr ete +o fbenpare wiereoueese
a es