^ W^n.;^^/t./?_j: (■I//: /J-/YJ^t^i^il:{_ , /-ff.,;/ C/' > //'a^^./u>t6.^-^ J'-O.-Wcstwocideir THE vr7v e.i- COLEOPTERIST'S MANUAL, PART THE SECOND, CONTAINING THE PREDACEOUS LAND AND WATER BEETLES LINNEUS AND FABRICIUS. REV. F. W. HOPE, M.A. F.R.S. F.L.S. F.Z.S. ETC. ETC. LONDON: HENRY G. BOHN, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN. MDCCCXXXVIII. DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. G. Frontispiece. — Manticora latipennis, Waterhouse. TAB. I. F'iG. 1. — Apteroessa (Hope) grossa, Fabr. 1 a, labrum; 1 6, mandible ; 1 c, maxilla; 1 d, labium. -Calochroa crucigera, Hope. -Oxycheila bisignata, Guerin. (O. biuotata, Laporte, nee Gray.) -Eurymorpha cyanipes, Hope. 4 a, labrum ; 4 b, maxilla ; 4 c, labium. -Maerocbeilus Bensoni, Kirby. <3 a, underside of tbe head. -Plochionus Bonsfilsii. 6 a, labrum and mandibles ; 6 b, maxilla; 6 c, labium; 6 d, anterior tarsus. TAB. II. Comprising Carabideous genera, described in the Annulosa Javanica. Fig. 1. — Dirotus subirideseens, MacLeay. 1 a, front of head above ; 1 b, maxilla; 1 c, labium; 1 d, trochanter and femur; I e, extre- mity of tarsi. Fig. 2. — Gnathaphanus vulneripennis, MacLeay. 2a, front of head above; 2 b, maxillary palpus ; 2 c, meutum ; 2 d, labial palpus. Fig. 3. — Hypharpax lateralis, MacLeay. 3 a, labrum and mandibles; 3 b^ maxilla ; 3 c, mentum ; 3 d, labial palpus ; 3 e, one of the four anterior tarsi. Fig. 4. — Dioryche torta, MacLeay. 4 a, labrum and mandibles ; 4 b, max- illa; 4 c, labium; 4 d, basal joints of anterior tarsi bencatli. Fig. 5. — Hyphaereon reflexus, MacLeay. 5 a, head above ; 5 b, maxillary palpus : 5 e, mentum and labial palpus. Fig. 6. — Caelostomus picipes, MacLeay. G a, head above ; G b, maxilla ; 6 c, mentum ; 6 d, anterior tarsus. TAB. III. -Craspedophorus (Hope) reflexus, Fabrieius. 1 «, labrum and mandibles ; 1 b, mentum and labium. -Catascopus Withillii, Hope. 2 a, labrum ; 2 b, mandible ; 2 c, maxilla; 2 rf, labium. -Platysma striatulus, Fabrieius. 3 o, labrum; 3 &, mandibles; 3 c, maxilla; 3 d, labium. -Pachymorpha orientalis. Hoj)e. -Ilydcrodcs Shuckardi, Hope. 5 a, anterior tarsus; 5 b, interme- diate tarsus ; 5 c, posterior tarsus. Fig. 6. — Globaria Leachii, Latreille. G a, Insect seen sideways ; G b, labrum ; G c, mandible ; G d, maxilla ; G e, labium ; Gf, an- tenna; G g, fore leg; G h, anterior tarsus; G i, posterior tarsus. Fig. 1.- Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4.- Fig. 5.- PREFACE. From the unexpectedly rapid sale of the first part of the Manual, I am induced to attempt a second ; and should the same good fortune attend the present number as the former, provided health is given me, I shall be able to complete the re- mainder of the work at intervals of six months ; five Fasciculi forming the volume. An application from my bookseller for a second edition is the cause of the early appearance of the present part. I have not acceded to his request, being desirous of proceeding with the main work. If, however, when the whole is finished there is still a demand for a second edition, I shall be disposed to attend to it. The delay will undoubtedly enhance its value, as an extensive correspondence with the leading Entomologists of Europe has already affbrded me valuable information on some Fabrician species which are imperfectly known ; and I have still reason to expect further communications from Berlin, Copenhagen, and Paris. From my friend VI PREFACE. Dr. Erichson of Berlin, 1 have lately received the offer of the loan of his Manuscripts on Fabrician Insects, in which are noted down many observations made during a careful examination of the Copen- hagen Collections ; for the liberal offers of the above individual I cannot feel sufficiently thankful, as the value of the annotations will be appreciated by all those who happen to know the accuracy of the work entitled, " Die Kafer der Mark Branden- burg, beschrieben von Wilh. Fred. Erichson." Before entering on any remarks relating to the present number, I think it right to mention two objections brought against the Manual by some of my correspondents. They are as follows : first, " that there are no systematic tables of the family and genera given ;" and secondly, " too much im- portance has been given to the Lamellicorns as a group." With regard to the first objection, I admit it ; the only cause of the omission was a thorough conviction that it was utterly impossible to combine satisfactorily the views of different writers, unless I created several new genera, and formed almost an entire new arrangement. Now as such an arrangement will be attempted by me at a future period, when more leisure can be bestowed on the necessary investigation, I pass to the second objec- PREFACE. Vll tion, viz. that " too much importance is attributed to the Lamellicorns as a group." Against this charge I must beg leave to enter my dissent ; and in reply- ing to it, I feel compelled, partly in self-defence, to obtrude my opinions on the modern arrangement of insects, " if rightly viewed they may probably be adopted, if wrongly let them fall." Linneus, Fabricius, and Olivier placed at the head of insects the Lamellicorns ; most modern writers commence with the Cicindelidse, or Tiger Beetles, (Euptera of Kirby). Differing from the latter systematists, neither am I inclined to side entirely with the former ; for after a rigid examination into the prin- ciples of modern classification, I candidly confess I agree with no one author^ as the nervous system, according to my views, does not appear to have been sufficiently attended to. If a system of cir- cular distribution be admitted, we may as well commence with the Lamellicorns as any other group. But there are sufficient reasons why the Lamellicorns should precede Cicindela or Carabus. It is not merely the simple structure of the stomach, it is not their vast bulk or strength, (on which little stress can be laid,) but it is in the important func- tions they perform, it is in relation to the econo- mical purposes of the human race, that they ought Vlll PREFACE. to take precedence. They are of greater utility to man than nearly all other groups, in checking the over-luxuriance of tropical vegetation ; in reducing to powder the mightiest monarchs of the forest ; in purifying the air by burying all that is noxious and disgusting ; and at the same time they give fertility to the land, by carrying to the roots of vegetation the richest of manures. As to numbers, both of genera and species, they greatly surpass the Cicindelidffi, or even the Carabidse ; and in the number of individuals of species, they appear among the most prolific of insects. As examples of utility of the group in warm climates, we have only to mention the genera Xylotrupes, Copris, Ontho- phagus, Melolontha, Euchlora, and Mimela ; while in colder regions we may mention Geotrupes and Aphodius. But other writers hold different views; and it may be worth while to state their opinions. The following are the chief reasons assigned for placing the Cicindelidae first : " There are beetles of vast bulk and strength, (elephants in the class of insects,) which are distinguished neither by the swiftness of their motion, nor by the elegance of their forms ; others there are, less clumsy indeed and gigantic, but remarkable for the perfection and symmetry of their structure, the lightness and velo- PREFACE. IX city of their motions, both on the earth and in the air, and for the splendour and brilliancy of their colours ; such, with only one or two exceptions, are the Euptera, or tiger beetles. Among the higher animals the lion, chief of the predaceous quadrupeds, is usually accounted the king of beasts ; a similar reason will justify modern Entomologists for re- garding the Cicindelidse as the typical and most perfect form amongst insects (especially Coleoptera), instead of the Lamellicorns which Linneus has elevated to that rank." It will be seen from the above extract, derived from an able and learned work of the present day, that the arguments are chiefly drawn from the ex- ternal organization of insects, viz. the superior de- velopement either of the manducatory organs, or from the symmetry and agility of the species, or from the form as well as the carnivorous habits of the insects, evincing as it does an approximation to the classification of the vertebrated classes of creation. The precedence therefore assigned to the Cicindelidse in modern arrangements, would appear to arise from the adoption of the same prin- ciples which it is asserted induce Naturalists to place the Feline and Accipitrine tribes at the head of their respective classes. Had general internal PREFACE. organization been added to the above claims in favour of precedence, I should certainly have been disposed to allow more weight to the arguments adduced. Burmeister, Dufour, and others, have certainly paid some attention to the internal anatomy of insects ; but their selection has been of a parti- cular organ for classification, and not the general anatomy. The organ selected was the alimentary canal ; and accordingly as its length varied, being short m the carnivorous species, and long in the herbivorous, so they have partly allowed these facts to operate on classification. The length of the alimentary canal, however, cannot be decisive of the habits of an animal, or a vegetable feeder in the class Insecta ; nor do I think that the alimentary canal is a proper criterion on which to found a scientific arrangement, either in the verte- brated or invertebrated animals j since, although the characters derived from it may hold good in many instances, the exceptions with regard to Insecta are far too numerous to justify any reliance upon it. If the alimentary canal be taken as a leading character, it will place those with the shortest canal, the true carnivorous animals, above the omnivorous ; indeed man himself, if the rule is strictly followed out, will be placed below the feline rUEFACE. XI tribes ; at all events some of the Quadrumana (that are entirely vegetable feeders) will be placed below the lions and tigers. Such an arrangement is not natural. As to the arguments in favour of the precedence of Cicindelidse from symmetry of struc- ture and agility, if any weight could be attached to them, we should have the antelope and light gazelle taking precedence of all the vertebrata. Having thus briefly stated my objections, it will probably be asked what new system I have to pro- pose.* Without attempting a new one, I recom- * In corroboration of the above opinion, I subjoin an extract from a letter received from the author of the Paper on Sphinx Li- gustri. Vid. Philosophical Transactions. '' It has long struck me that the principle on which modern Ento- mologists have founded their arrangements are quite assumed and arbitrary, and by no means natural or in accordance with those great principles upon which comparative anatomists have attempted to arrange the vertebrated classes of creation. In all the arrangements of Insects there have appeared to me some true and some false principles intermixed, and no one great principle has been entirely followed out when commenced with, but has been interfered with by the introduction of other principles of secondary or minor importance. This appears to have arisen from the generality of Entomologists being little acquainted with the internal structure of Insects and other Invertebrata, and in consequence they have taken nearly all the cha- racters employed in their arrangements from the exterior of the animals; indeed, in almost all instances, external form has been regarded in the arrangement, and no uniform physiological principle or reference to internal anatomy has been followed. The nervous svstem indeed is almost entirely disregarded." — Newport in litteris. Xll PREFACE. mend recurring to one that has been in many instances departed fi'om. We ought in every division of the animal kingdom to look for one great principle, or basis of arrangement, in a struc- ture which exists throughout nearly the whole of the animal creation ; and which structure, both as regards its anatomical and physiological develope- ment, becomes gradually of more and more impor- tance, as we trace it upwards from the lowest beings in which it exists to the highest. This structure, I need scarcely remark, is the nervous system ; but although it constituted the chief character, or principle followed by Naturalists in the arrange- ment of the vertebrated animals, it has very singu- larly been much deviated from by them, and is rendered of scarcely more than secondary considera- tion in their arrangements of the Invertebrata. It is with reference, then, to the comparative developement of the nervous system that I would attempt to arrange insects, since I have no doubt, that when we have become better acquainted with the forms of their nervous system, the characters will be found as marked in them as in the Verte- brata. In following this mode of arrangement it will be seen, that some of the vegetable feeders will stand before the carnivorous. Thus the Lamelli- PREFACE. Xlll corns may very properly be placed at the head of the Coleoptera, from which there will be traced a transition through the Hydradephaga, to the Ne- crophaga, &c. &c. to the Geodephaga and other classes. It may be objected by some persons, that Insects are too minute for such investigations, and that few will have the courage to undertake the task of examination. To this objection I reply, that much has already been done, and much more may confidently be expected. If we look abroad, and examine the writings of the Continental authors on the Invertebrata, we shall find much to admire, in the elaborate investigations of an Herold and a Straus Durckheim, much to glean from the works of a Treviranus, of a Chabrier, a Dufour, and an Audouin. If we look at home, we cannot but ap- preciate the labours of an Owen, a Grant, a New- port, and a Rymer Jones ; and others, I trust, will yet be found labouring for the same desired end, the establishment of a uniform and more natural system of Classification than wc at present possess, a system, perhaps, which we never can perfectly realize, but which may certainly be very much in advance of that which we now tolerate. Having above stated my opinions, it is now high lime to allude to the Families which will form XIV PREFACE. the subject-matter of this second part of my Manual. The group under consideration has been deno- minated the Adephaga; the first sub-group of which are the Cicindeloidea, which, according to my views, consist of four families, the Manticoridae, the Megacephalidae, Cicindelidse, and Collyridse. As I am not satisfied with the published arrange- ment of any one author as a whole, I have, in the following groups, taken advantage of the labours of my predecessors, sometimes following one and some- times another, according as their views coincide with mine, or where I consider they have more ably threaded the intricate labyrinths of Nature than myself. It should ever be the chief object of writers on Natural History, to make their groups as conform- able to nature as possible : human systems ever must be artificial and imperfect, indeed it is presumptuous in man to fancy that he can attempt a system imi- form with nature in all its bearings. How can a finite being comprehend the wisdom of Omniscience, or even the exquisite perfection of creation's works, conceived by a Power that is infinite as well as incomprehensible . The author of this Preface hopes that, in the PREFACE. XV composition of the Families and Groups, no very great anomalies will occur. He is aware of the dif- ficulty of the undertaking, and will undoutedly err like his predecessors ; many gaps and apparent omissions will necessarily appear in the grouping of the Families, deficiencies which future discoveries will no doubt assist to rectify. To return however to Groups, I have stated above that the Cicinde- loidea was the first sub-group of the Adephaga, which latter has naturally been subdivided into two groups, the Terrestrial and Aquatic Adephaga; the former has received the denomination of Geode- phaga, and comprehends the Cicindelidous and Carabideous families : the latter also has been named by Mr. MacLeay, Hydradephaga, and in- cludes the Genera Dyticus and Gyrinus of Linneus. The next important group which follows the Aquatic Adephaga, has been denominated Rypophaga by Mr. Stephens (i. e. the Cleansers), from the impor- tant functions they perform in removing animal and vegetable putrescence. This group has also been divided into three minor groups, viz. the Philydrida, the Necrophaga, and Brachelytra ; preferring the arrangement of Mr. Stephens, who adopts the two former, I leave the latter for the termination of the Coleoptera. XVI PREFACE. Before concluding this Preface, 1 take the oppor- tunity of publicly thanking Dr. Horsfield for his liberal views and kindness in forwarding this Ma- nual. Whilst engaged in grouping the Families of the ground beetles I was repeatedly at a loss where to place several of Mr. MacLeay's genera, published in the Annulosa Javanica ; by Dr. Horsfield's ready attention to my wishes, I was enabled to examine the rich collection in the India House, and had his permission to figure those forms which, though pub- lished, are little known to the Entomologists of the Continent. Instead, however, of giving the generic details here, I beg to refer the reader to the above excellent work. The drawings were made by Mr. Westwood, and are accurately engraved by Mr. Swaine. I therefore trust that the plates will not be the least interesting part of the present num- ber, as they will tend to clear up many difficulties, and give an increased value to the publication. F. W. H. Since my manuscripts were in the printer's hands, Monsieur Aube has published a volume on Aquatic Coleoptera. Reference should be made to that work, which is evidently a great improvement on that of" the Baron De Jean's " Species General des Coleopteres." Genus CICINDELA of Linneus. CiciNDELiD^ oi Leach. CiCINDBLOIDEA of Hope. Linnean Species. Country. Genera of Authors. 1. Campestris England Cicindela, Linneus. 2. Hybrlda North Wales Cicindela, Linneus. 3. Capensis P. B. S. Cicindela, Linneus. 4. Germanica Isle of Wight Cylindera, Westwoocl. 5. Virginlca Carolina Tetracha, Westtvood. 6. Carolina N. America Tetracha, Westicood, 7. Equinoctialis Surinam Tetracha, Westwood. 8. Sylvatica England Cicindela, Linneus. 9. IMaura Algiers Cicindela, Linneus. 10. Riparia England Elaphrus, Fabricius. 11. Flavipes France Bembidium, Illiger. 12. Rupestris England Peryphus, Megerle. 13. 4-maculata Germany Lopha, Megerle. 14. Aquatlca England Nothiophilus, Bumeril. REMARKS AND ANNOTATIONS LINNEAN CICINDELIDtE. Species 1. Campestris* — From the foregoing tables it will appear that only fourteen species * For an account of various species of Cicindela described by Swedish writers, I refer the reader to Schonherr's Synonymia Insec- torum ; to Thunberg's Musseum Upsahense, page 5 1 ; to Forskall's Travels in Egypt, and to a Memoir published in the Stockholm Transactions, in 1799, by de Ljunch. Of German writers let him consult the Magazines of Wiedemann and Germar ; the Symbolse Physicas of Klug ; the Zoologischer Atlas of Eschcholtz, and the Deutschlands Fauna of Sturm. Amongst French writers, the works of Olivier and Latrielle ; the Species General des Coleopteres by the Baron de Jean ; the Magazine of Guerin ; Les Etudes Entomolo- giques par Monsieur de Laporte, and the Hist. Nat. des Insectes par Audouin et BruUe ; La Ceuturie de Carabiques par Gory ; La Revue Entomologique par Silberman, Les Coleopteres du Mexique par Chevrolat ; the Entomological part of Duperrey's Voyage autour du Monde, as well as that of the Scientific Expedition to the Morea by Monsieur Brulle, and the Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France. Amongst the Russian authorsmay be mentioned L'Entomo- graphie de la Russle par M.Fischer, tab. 1 .2. 3. Of American works the reader may consult the Monograph of Say on the Cicindelidae of North America, published in the New Series of the Philadclphian Transactions ; Say's American Entomology, and lastly a description B 2 were ranged by Linneus under the generic term of Cicindela, nine of them at present belong to the Cicindeloidea, while the remaining five are ranked under the Caraboidal families usually denominated Ground Beetles. Perhaps no one group of Insects evinces more the rapid progress which Entomology has made of late years than the Cicindelidse. Fabricius, uni- ting the Collyridse with that family, enumerates but 67 species. The Baron De Jean in his first Catalogue published in 1821, mentions 67 species and in his last (bearing the date of 1837) about 278. Dr. Gistl of Munich in the first Fasciculus of his Systema Insectorum (which does not include the whole genera composing the group) mentions the same number of species, viz. 278. It is pro- bable that 70 others will be added in his second of some new species mentioned in the Journal of the Academy of Sciences at Philadelphia by the same author. Of English writers, who treat of our indigenous species, I name for reference the works of Messrs. Stephens and Curtis, and particularly the invaluable Systematic Catalogue of the former writer. As to Exotic species consult the Annulosa Javanica by Mr. MacLeay, the Fauna Boreali Americana by Mr. Kirby, a new New Holland genus in Selby's Journal by Mr.Westwood, and also the Introduction to the Modern Classification of Insects by the same author ; lastly, the Coleopteral part of the Zoological Miscellany by myself, wherein are described the oiiental species of the collection of General Hardwicke. Fasciculus of the above work, and if we allow that there are in the different European collections about 50 which are undescribed, the total number known will be about 400 species, and this amount is evi- dently far short of what may yet be expected to occur, as Naturalists are, comparatively speaking-, unacquainted with the Entomology of many very extensive regions, situated in Asia, Africa, and the two Americas. Sp. 2. Hyhrida. — For determining accurately this species which was originally recorded by Linneus, the reader is referred to Mr. Stephens's excellent work, *' The Illustrations of British Entomology, " and also to the Histoirc Naturelle des Insectes par Audouin and Brulle, vide vol. 1. p. Q5. — Cicindela aprica Stephens is the true Hybrida of Linneus, and Cic. Hybrida of Stephens is a variety of the Linnean Hybrida. The Linnean specimen is already figured in the frontispiece of Mr. Westwood's " Introduc- tion to the Modern Classification of Insects.*' Sr. 4. Germanica. — Now of the genus Cylindera Westwood ; according to that author this species is made the type of the genus. M. M. Audouin and Brulle seem to have confounded the genus Odon- tocheila of Mons. Laporte with Cylindera ; which 6 is erroneous, the latter apparently confining itself to Europe in the Old World, while the former seems peculiar to the southern regions of the New World. Sp. 5, 6, and 7. — All of them originally be- longing to Latreille's genus Megacephala and now to Mr. Westwood's genus^ Tetracha, the major part of the species inhabit North and South America as well as some Islands of the New World : the fol- lowing genera compose the family. Megacephalid^, Hope. Genera. Country. Typical Species. 1 . Megacephala, Latreille 2. Tetracha, Westwood 3. Aniara, Hope Senegal N.&S. America Cayenne C. Senegalensis, Linneus. C. Carolina, Linneus. C. Sepulchralis, Fabriciua. The Megacephalidae belong to the Old and New World, the true type of the first genus is Meg. Senegalensis, Lat ; which in the French Encyclo- paedic, Mons. Serville has named Aptema, as it is apterous. Meg. Euphratica and 4-signata, closely allied to the former, are undoubtedly winged spe- cies, we have therefore two sections of the group, which may be described as follows. Genus 1. Megacephala (stricte sic dicta) in- habits the Old World, and forms the group (Aptema of Serville). (Mandibles with three apical teeth). Section 1. Corpus apterum elytris postice dila- tatis, humeris thoracis latitudini aequalibus. Species Meg. Senegalensis. Sec. 2. — Corpus alatum elytris in medio lati- oribus, humeris (sc. angulis anticis) magis promi- nentibus, thorace latioribus. Species Meg. 4-signata and Euphratica. Genus 2. Tetracha. — Westwood. — Inhabits the New World. (Mandibles with four apical teeth). (Typus Cic. Carolina, Linneus.) Genus 3. Aniara, Hope. — Type of the genus C. sepulchralis, Fab. This insect diverging from Megacephala and Tetracha, I consider as the type of a sub-genus, it differs chiefly from the latter in the following particulars. First, it is of a more convex form than other known species having the elytra scarcely more dilated than the thorax, near 8 the extremity of the apex they are subsinuated and subacuminate, while in Tetracha they are rounded. The head and antenna3 are in proportion shorter than in Tet. Carolina and other allied species, while the upper lip also projects, is more rounded and armed with four small teeth. Mons. Lacordaire states that the habits of this species differ fi*om the MegacephalidsB, as it is usually found running among the herbage in sandy situations and rarely is seen to fly. The typical species is named Sepul- chralis ; I apply to it the name of aviapos tristis, as it is almost the only dark species of Megacephala of my acquaintance. Sp. 10. Riparia, — Now of the Fabrician genus Elaphrus. Mr. Stephens is apparently the first Entomologist who considered these Insects entitled to rank as a family. Mons. Laporte has I think injudiciously united them to the Nebriadse, and in this opinion M. M. Audouin and Brulle seem to agree. Mr. Kirby is of a different opinion and coincides with Mr. Stephens, and adds several pertinent observations respecting the Elaphridse, to which the reader is referred. Vide Fauna Boreali Americana, p. 60. The following genera belong to the family. Elaphrid^, Stephens. (FiLiPALPiA, Kirby.) Genera, Country. Typical Species. 1. jyothiophilus, Dumeril England Cic. Aquations, Linneus. 2. Elaphrus, Fabricius England Cic. Riparius, Linneus. 3. Opisthius, Kirby N. America Op. Richardsoni, Kirby. 4. Hethisa, BoneHi England Car. Multipunctata, Fab. 6. Pelopliila, Dc Jean Sweden Car. Borealis, Fabricius. 6. Metrius, Eschscholtz California El Contractus, Eschscholtz^ It appears that the genera composing this family belong almost entirely to Northern climates, they seem peculiar (as far as is known at present) to Northern Europe and to North America. In warmer regions I am inclined to think that Catas- copus takes the place of Elaphrus. It is certain that some of the species belonging to the former genus abound in marshy places and on banks of rivers ; should it eventually appear that a large pro- portion of the species of Catascopus frequent such localities, there cannot be a doubt of the connection of the above genera. The Baron De Jean has arranged Catascopus between Thyreopterus and Graphiptera, with the latter it can have little rela- tion, and certainly it does appear singular for a 10 natural arrang-ement that the Scaritidae and Grand Carabi should be placed between Catascopus and Elaphrus.* Sp. 11, 1% and 13. — All these insects belong to the Bembidiidse, as they will be alluded to more par- ticularly in my remarks on the Caraboidea, I pass them at present. Sp. 14. Aquatica. — Now a Notheophilus of Dumeril. In addition to the authorities (for the various Elaphridse) recommended in the foregoing note, the Zoologischer Atlas of Eschscholtz and the Deutschlands Fauna by Sturm should also be consulted. * For the species of Elaphrus, vid. Insecta Sueccia by Gyllenhal De Jean Species, t. 2. page 269. et Icon. pi. 85. fig. 2. Say's North American Insects and Philadelphia Transactions, tab. 2. Germar's Magazine Le Bulletin de la Soc. des Natur. de Moscow, 1829. Messrs. Stephens and Curtis's British Entomology, and also the Fauna Boreali Americana, page 60-64. Genus CINCIDELA of Fabricius. CiciNDELiD^ oi Leach. CiciNDELOiDEA of Hope. Fabridan Species. 1. Grossa 2. Heros 3. Labiata 4. Violacea 6. Cyanea 6. Megaloccphala 7. Virginica 8. Carolina 9. Sepulchralis 10. Bicolor 11. Campestris 12. Maroccana 13. Hybrida 14. Sinuata 15. Sylvatlca 16. Maura 17. Littoralis 18. Tristis 19. InteiTupta 20. Lunukita 21. Melancholica 22. Lurida 23. Chiuensis 24. Analis 25. Semivittata 26. Flexuosa 27. Capeusis 28. Abdominalis 29. Germanica 30. Obscura 31. Micans 32. Tuberculata 33. Unipunctata 34. Bij)unctata Country. Coromandel Pacific Isles Pacific Isles Carolina East Indies Senegal Virginia N. America Cayenne Calcutta England Morocco England Austria England Barbary France Brazils Sieri-a Leone P. B. S. Guinea P. B. S. China Sumatra Sumatra Spain P. B. S. Carolina Germany N. America N. America New Zealand N. America S. America Genera of Authors. Apteroessa, Hope. Cicindela, Linneus. Therates, Latreille. Cicindela, Linneus. Therates ? Megacephala, Latreille. Tetracha, Westwood. Tetracha, Westtoood. Aniara) Hope. Calochroa, Hope. Cicindela, Linneus. Oxycheila, De Jean. Calochroa, Hope. Cicindela, Linneus. Calochroa, Hope. Heptodonta, Hope. Calochroa, Hope. Cicindela, Linneus. Cylindera ? Cylindera, Westwood. Cicindela, Linneus. Odontocheila, Laporte. 12 1 Fabrician Species. Country. Genera of Authors. 35. Chrysis S. America Odontocheila, Laporte. 36. 4-punctata Java Prothyma, Hope. 37. 6-punctata Madras Sumatra Caloclu'oa, Hope. 38. Aurulenta 39. 4-liueata Singapore Cicindela, Linneus. 40. Cincta Senegal Calochroa, Hope. 41. Vittata Guinea Calochroa, Hope. 42. Biramosa Conean Cicindela, Linneus. 43. Marginalis Canada 44. Punctulata Carolina 45. 6-gnttata Virginia 46. Catena East Indies 47. Longipes Tranquebar Abroscelis, Hope. 48. Marginata Virginia Cicindela, Linneus. 49. 10-guttata Java Calochroa 7 Hope. 50. Suturalis Isle St. Tiiomas Cicindela, Linneus. 51. 8-guttata 52. Argentata Sierra JLeone ? S. America Cylindera, Westwood. 53. Viduata Sumatra Cicindela, Linneics. 54. Trifasciata Cayenne 55. Angulata Tranquebar 56. Funesta East Indies 57. Holosericea Java Cicindela, Linneus. 58. Iiiterrupta Java Calochroa, Hope. 59. Cajennensis Cayenne Odontocheila, Laporte. 60. j32quinoctialls Surinam Tetracha, Westzcood. 61. Guttula Pacific Isles Cicindela ? Guerin. 62. Flavilabris Pacific Isles Therates, Latnelle. 63. Fasciata Pacific Isles Therates, Latrielle. 64. Minuta East Indies Cicindela, Linneus. 1. Longicollis 2. Aptcra 3. Formicaria COLLYRIS of Fabricius. CoLLiuRis of Latreille. CoLLYRiD^ of Hope. Siam Colly ris, Fabricius. East Indies CoUyris, Fabt-icius. Brazils Ctcuostoma, Klug. REMARKS AND ANNOTATIONS FABRICIAN CICINDELOIDEA. Sp. Grossa. — The Baron De Jean has expressed his opinion in his Species General des Coleopteres that the above insect is probably a Dromica, be- lieving it however to be the representative in Asia of the African Dromica. I am inclined to make it the type of a new genus, which I have named Apteroessa, as it belongs to the Apterous section ; the generic characters will appear in their proper place at the end of this Fasciculus, along with various other instituted sub-genera. My friend Mr. Kirby, in the commencement of his Fauna Boreali Americana, under his section Euptera places his three sub-tribes, viz. Longicollia (CoUiuris), Brevicollia (Cicindela), and Fissicollia (Manticora) ; with this arrangement I am inclined to differ, and suggest that the Manticoridae either 14 stand by themselves, or that the term Euptera be changed to Ocypoda, which will characterise ad- mirably the three sub-tribes ; such cannot be said of the term Euptera when some of the genera of the Manticoridae and others of the Cicindelidse are apterous. As we are now considering those groups of insects which have been most studied by Entomo- logists, perhaps a concise view of the arrangement of Authors may here be attempted, as well as an outline of the table of the sub-genera composing the family Cicindelidse. After the tables each of the genera will be separately commented on. 15 ClCINDELID^. (^Divisio prima Corpus Apterum.) Genera. Country. Typical Species. 1. Dromica, De Jean 2. Apteroessa, Hope 3. Eurymorpha, Hope P. B. S. Coromandel Madagascar ? C. Coarctata, Latreille. C. Grossa, Fabricius. E. Cyanipes, Hope. ( Divisio Q,da. Corpus alatuvi.) 4. 6. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. IG. Oxycheila, De Jean Iresia, De Jean Euprosopus, Latreille Odontocheila, Laporte Plochiocera, Hope Cicindela, Linneus Abroscelis, Hope Calochroa, Hope Distipsidera, Westwood ( Therates, Latreille { » Eurychile, Bonelli ' Cylindera, Westwood Oxygonia, Mannerlieim Heptodonta, Hope Brazils C. Tristris, Fabricius. Rio Janeiro C. Laeordaiiei, De Jean. Brazils C. 4-notata, De Jean. Cayenne C. Larordairel, De Jean. Brazils C. Nodicornis, De Jean, Europe C. Campestris, Linneus. Java C. Longipes, Fabricius. East Indies c. 8-uotata, Wiedemann. New Holland c. Undulata, Westwood. New Guinea c. Labiata, Fabricius. England c. Germanica, Linneus. Colombia c Schonberii, Mannerheim East Indies. c Analis, Fabricius. 1. Dromica, De Jean. The species of Dromica are few in number and appear to belong exclusively to the southern part of the African Continent, but three are recorded by the Baron De Jean in his last catalogue. I have however recognised a fourth in one of our English collections. 16 2. Apteroessa, Hope. The Baron De Jean appears to be acquainted only with Olivier' s figure, never having seen the real insect, or he would not have considered Cic. Grossa as a true Dromica. Apteroessa approaches in form Megacephala, and may be regarded as representing Dromica in Asia. 3. EuRYMORPHA, Hope. I am ignorant of the true locality of this remark- able insect. I have given Madagascar as its country with a doubt. It is certainly one of the most remarkable forms to be found among the Cicinde- lidae, the name is derived from evpvs and fiopcprj, from its exceedingly dilated form. 4. OxYCHEiLA, De Jean. Only five species of Oxycheila have been described, in habits they approach Cicindela, their flight how- ever is less rapid, and during the heat of the day they shelter themselves under stones.' According to Mons. Lacordaire when captured they produce a sharp noise by rubbing the posterior thighs against the edge of their scaly elytra. I have figured one species, which will be found among the 17 now srencra at the end of this fascicukis under the name of Oxyeh. Laportei. Mons. Guerin in the Dictionaire Pittoresque d'Hist. Nat. Tom. 6, p. 572, mentions a species named by him Oxycheila bisig- nata. 5. Iresia, De Jean. The Baron De Jean originally gave the term Ire- sia. It should however have been wTitten Hiresia. Three species are recorded in Gistl's Systema Insec- torum; they are found on the leaves of trees and are exceedingly rapid in flight. A fourth species is described by the Comte De Mannerheim in his excellent Memoire sur quelques genres et especes de Carabiques. 6. EuPROsopus, Latreille. Only one species of this elegant genus appears to be known ; a second equally brilliant, if not more splendid, has fallen under my inspection. It was brought to this country by Mr. Lance, from Surinam. 7- Odontocheila, Laporte. Nearly 30 species belong to this genus : evidently they require further subdivision. A remark is c 18 made in Dr. GistPs Systema Insectorum that one of the species feeds on vegetation. Is this a pecu- liarity of the genus or not ? 8. Plochiocera, Hope. I have separated the Cic. nodicornis D. J. from Odontocheila of Laporte, and have formed it into a subgenus, attaching the name of Plochiocera, derived from 7rXoKL09 twisted, and Kepas. In habits it resembles the former genus, it differs chiefly in having the first article of the antennae of the male dilated, or knotted, and in the truncation of the front of the short upper lip. In other respects it accords with Odontocheila, which has the upper lip as long and acute at the tip, as in Oxycheila. 9. CiCINDELA, Li inncus. After detaching Odontocheila from Cicindela more than 200 species remain huddled together under that term. The Baron De Jean has attempted sundry sections ; they are not however characterised, and still remain in great confusion. Cic. analis Fab. affords from its form and 7-toothed labium sufficient marks for forming a sub-genus, and might appropri- ately be named Heptodonta. 19 10. Abroscelis, Hope. The Fabrician description of Cic. longipes is almost sufficient to separate it from other species of Cicindela. I originally in my MSS. gave it the name of Podabra, which as it is used by Schonherr, I change to that of Abroscelis. The following short characters may be considered sufficient, as the type is well known; Corpus subcylindricum thorace qua- drato, postice subdilatato, elytris denticulatis, femo- ribus posticis fere longitudine corporis. To this sub-genus belong Cic. tenuipes Guerin, and other Indian species. A singular species lately received from Professor Klug, bearing the name of Cic. graphiptera belongs apparently to this genus, it is remarkable by its broad upper lip and large poste- rior trochanters. 11. Calochroa, Hope. Many of the insects of the Baron De Jean's fifth division belong to this genus. In my MSS. 1 have given it the name of Colochroa from /caAoy and X/3oa as the major part of the species are adorned with rich colours. The following characters will designate it: *' Corpus subdepressum labro pruducto c i2 20 quinque dentato, femoribusposterioribus longitudme modicis." To this genus belong Cic. 8-notata Wiedemann, Chinensis Fab. De Jeanii Hope, and Princeps of Vigors. It may bere be mentioned that the species of this genus are deservedly reckoned amongst the most beautiful and splendid insects of our Cabinets. 12. DiSTiPsiDERA, Westwood. This new genus exhibits the characters of several of the groups of Cicindelidse ; from Cicindela it is distinguished by the large size of the labrum, the unarmed mentum, the large labial palpi, the short antennae, &c. The same characters remove it from Odontocheila Laporte, of which it has the external habit, but a different thorax. From The- rates which it also much resembles, it is removed by the large labial palpi, simple fourth joint of the tarsi, and by having an external maxillary palpus. From Dromica its peculiar form and labrum remove it. It appears most nearly allied to Euprosopus and Hire- sia; agreeing with the former in the structure of the labial palpi, but differing in the labrum and mentum, and resembling Hiresia in the form of the body and in the peculiar style of punctuation on the elytra, 21 but having very different palpi. Vid. Jardineand Sclby's Magazine, vol. 1, p. 0,5% for further ample details, and an excellent figure. 13. Therates, Latreille. There are about 10 known species of Therates, apparently they are confined to New Guinea, Java, New Holland, and some of the Polynesian Isles. 14. Cylindera, Westwood. M. M. Audouin and Brulle appear to have con- founded Odontocheila with Cylindera ; the follow- ing species belong to the latter genus, viz. C. sca- laris of Latreille, Tenuis of Steven, gracilis of Pallas and various others. 15. OxYGONiA, Mannerkeim, This is an insect of the New World, I am only acquainted with the Author's description. In its form it approaches Therates, but is evidently more allied to Euprosopus. The name is derived from o^vs and yovv signifying sharp-kneed. 2^ 16. Heptodonta, Hope. See the description of the genus under C. Analis, Species 24. . * Sp. 2. Heros. — According to Vanderlinden this species is ranked by him as a true Cicindela ; the description of Fabricius inclines me to think it approaches Therates. As I have never seen the insect 1 cannot speak decidedly respecting that point, it certainly varies from the type of Cicindela. Sp. 3. Lahiata. — Now a Therates of Latreille. Bonelli of Turin gave the name of Eurychile to desififnate these remarkable insects, as the former name has the claim of priority in its favour, the latter is abandoned. For an account of the species belonging to the genus, the reader may consult Bonelli Mem. de I'Academ. de Turin, tab. 23. p, 248. Vanderlinden, sur les Cicindeles de Java. The Annulosa Javanica by Mr, W. Sharpe, Mac- Leay and Guerin's Magazine, tab. 1. n. 39. Sp. 5. Cyanea. — From the concise Fabrician description I am inclined to think that this insect may be a Therates, it was originally described from 5^3 Vahl's collection. Latreille makes mention of a species which he names Cyanea ; can they be the same, as both are from the East Indies ? Sp. 6. Megalocephala. — For the sake of euphony the word Megacephala is used instead of the former. Sp. 9. Sepulchralis.— In my MSS. I formerly gave the name of Scythropa as a generic name to the above species, as it is previously used by Schon- herr in his Curculionidse, I have substituted the name of Aniara from ai/ta/^oy msestus. There cannot be a doubt that the species (described by the Baron De Jean as Meg. variolosa) is the same as C. sepulchralis. Fab. Sp. 10. Bicolor. — There are three insects from the East Indies very similar in their appearance, viz. Cic. bicolor above mentioned, the second is Cic. pulchella Hope, described in the Synopsis of the new species of Nepaul insects in the collection of Major General Hardwicke, and the last is a new species lately received from my friend Col. Whithill from the Concan which I propose to name after him, the description will be added. All the three belong- to the genus Calochroa, the type of which I make Cic. 8~notata, Wiedemann. Calochroa Whithillii. Long. lin. 7. lat. lin. 2 J. Viridis, sutura lateribus elytrorum pallidioribus nitidis, elytris unipunctatis tibiis tarsisq. violaceis ; antennae fuscse basi virescentes. Thorax viridis ni- tidus, Elytra medio cyanea, siitura nitida, lateribus virescentibus, marginibus externe violaceis, punc- tum flavum unicum rotundatum in medio disci locatum. Corpus subtus viride, nitidum, segmentis ultimis abdominis violaceis, femoribus virescentibus, nitidis tibiis tarsisq. violaceo-cyaneis. In Museo. Dom Whithill. This beautiful insect I have named after my friend Colonel Whithill, whose superb collection of Entomology from the vicinity of Bombay is quite unrivalled. Sp. 13. Hybrida. — Mr. Stephens, in his Illus- trations of British Entomology, has made several original observations on this species, to which the reader is referred, vid. vol. i. p. 8. &c. Sp. 18. Tristis. — Now an Oxycheila of De Jean. M. M. Audouin and Brulle, in their Histoire Naturelle des Insects, mention five species of this genus. Gistl gives the same number. I have figured one species, which appears to have been mistaken by my friend the Comte de Castelneau. His Oxy. binotata evidently is not the Oxy. bino- tata of Gray, previously described. I propose therefore to give it the name of Laportei, as origi- 25 nally published by that individual, one who has so ably grouped the Cicindeloidea. Sp. 19. Interrupta. — Now a Calochroa of Hope. This insect in Africa seems to represent what C. Chinensis does in Asia ; some of the specimens are exactly like the dark varieties of the latter species. Sp. 24. Analis. — Now an Heptodonta of Hope. The Baron De Jean, uniting Cic. 4-punctata with the above insect, thinks them worthy of sectional distinction ; as the labrum of Analis has seven teeth, I make that insect the type of the genus, and exclude Cic. 4-punctata, which approaches Calochroa in its form, and yet may probably at a future time be considered as a sub-genus. As Analis is an insect well known, the generic cha- racters are derived chiefly from the points of diffe- rence it presents compared with other Cicindclidse. Corpus subcylindricum elytris cylindricis, ad api- cem latioribus, lateribus abdominis obtectis, labro septem dentate, in reliquis Cicindela convenit. This sub genus appears to unite Cicindela and Therates. Sp. 2G. Flexuosa. — Some of the varieties of this insect have been described as distinct species ; for instance, Cic. Sardea and Circumflexa of De Jean. 26 Its range is very extensive, as it occurs in France, Spain, and Sicily, as well as in the southern pro- vinces of Russia, and also at Rosetta in Egypt. Sp. 27. Capensis. — In Dr. Gistl's Systema In- sectorum the locality of Calabria is given to this insect. I apprehend there must be some mistake respecting it, or the information he has received is erroneous. Sp. 28. Ahdominalis. — I have considered this insect as a Cylindera, merely from the Fabrician description, Statura parva C. germanicse. I am totally unacquainted with the species. Sp. 29. Germanica. — The reader is referred to the observations on Germanica, given in my former remarks on the Linnean Cicindelidae. Sp. 30. Obscura. — This insect seems to deviate from the type of Cicindela. I am not aware of any other North American species that presents a similar subcylindrical and elongated form. Sp. 31. Micans. — This is evidently the same insect which Olivier has described under the name of Cic. punctulata. Sp. 34. Bipunctata. — Professor Audouin appears first to have noticed the following peculiarity in the insects belonging to the genus Odontocheila, namely, that thcv have " les tarses sillonnes en dessus." 27 Sp. 36. 4f-punctata. — I have only arranged this species under Calochroa for the present, as it ap- pears to afford sufficient characters for subdivision : my own specimens are not perfect enough to de- scribe. Since writing the above I have received a specimen, and therefore give it as a subgenus, with the name of Prothyma, from TvpoOvfio^, alacer, sig- nifying brisk and lively. The characters are, Corpus subelongato-cylindricum thorace subrotun- dato elytris cylindricis, parallelis, labro fornicate et dentate. Sp. 43. Marginalis. — This insect appears to vary considerably, when the spots on the elytra are want- ing, it is the variety which Olivier has named Cic. purpurea. For remarks on this species, which my friend the Rev. William Kirby considers the American representative of Cic. campestris of Europe, the reader is referred to the Fauna Boreali Americana, page 11, where several varieties of the above insect are minutely described. Sp. 44. Punctulata. — This is evidently a variety of the species which Fabricius previously described under the name of Micans. Sp. 45. Sexguttata. — Cicindcla violacea, Fab. is 28 only a variety of this species. It is similar, with the exception of the wings, which are spotless. Sp. 46. Catena. — I have repeatedly received this Insect from India, and believe it to be an Oriental species. Dr. Gistl says, "habitat in India Orien- tali, inque promontorio bonse spei plurimis locis satis frequens." I am inclined to think that the specimens occurring in the Cape collections, have been purchased out of ships trading with India. Sp. 47. Longipes. — I have thought fit to separate this insect from Cicindela giving it the name of abroscelis, from ajSpof and cr/ceAoy, from the delicate form of the legs. Cic. Tenuipes of Guerin may be associated with it and other East Indian species. Sp. 48. Marginata. — From the description of Cic. variegata by De Jean I have little hesitation in giving that species as a synonym of Cic. marginata, Fab. Sp. 51, 8-guttata. — There appears to exist a dif- ference of opinion respecting the country to which the above insect belongs, Palisot de Beauvois gives St. Domingo, Fabricius North America, Olivier South America, and Schonherr Sierra Leone, with the latter authority I am inclined to side. Sp. 52. Argentata. — I have given the name Cy- lindera to this species, merely from reading the S9 Fabrician description. 1 am totally unacquainted with the insect. Sp. 54. Trifasciata. — Fabricius gives two lo- calities for this species ; one America, the other Europe, there can be little doubt, therefore, that he has confounded two distinct insects. According- to modern writers, this Fabrician species enjoys an extensive range of country, as it is common to North as well as South America. Sp. 61. Guttula. — M. Guerin in his Magazine, maintains that this insect is a Cicindela. He describes it as obtained from the debris of Billar- diere's collection. It is remarkable that Fabricius mentions that the specimen he described was de- prived of its antennae. Mons. Guerin's descrip- tion therefore is partly conjectural, from his figure it certainly approaches Therates more than Cicin- dela, and if not a true Cicindela is the type of a sub-genus. CoLLYRis, Fabricius. As Collyris was early separated from Cicindela by the above author, and as at the present day it is admitted to approach the Cicindelidse rather than the Carabida), I here insert my remarks on 30 the genus before entering on the next grand group. Only three species are classed under the name of Collyris, the two former belong to it at present, the latter is a Ctenostoma of Klug. Sp. 1. Longicollis. — The type of the Genus Col- lyris.— Latreille was the first person to change the name of Collyris to Colliuris. M. M. Audouin and BruUe have very properly restored the original name. The Baron De Jean however, in his last Catalogue, still maintains his partiality for Col- liuris. Sp. 2. Aptera. — It may here perhaps save the student some loss of time to inform liim that Col- lyris aptera, Fab. is totally distinct from Trycon- dyla aptera of Olivier. Colliuris major, Latreille, is the same insect as Collyris aptera. Fab. The following genera compose the family. CoLLYRIDiE, Hope. (LoNGicoLLiA, Kirby.') Genera. Country. Typical Species. 1. Collyris, Fdbricius Siam C. Longicollis, Fabricius. 2. Tricondyla, Latreille East Indies T. Aptera, Latreille. 3. i Procephalus, Laporte r Ch ris, Fischer Brazils P. 3-notatus, Fischer, Cayenne C. 3-notatus, Fischer. 4. Ctenostoma, Klug Brazils C. Formicariuin, Fabricius. 5. Psiloccra Brulle Madagascar p Elegans, Brulle. 31 1. CoLLYRis, Fabricius. I am acquainted with about twenty species of Collyris, the major part of them are from the Continent of India ; they abound in all the Presi- dencies and in many of the Islands of Asia. They appear to have been much neglected by our Ento- mologists, with the exception of Mr. MacLeay, who has described some new species fi'om Dr. Horsfield's rich Javanese collection.* 2. Tricondyla, Latreillc. The species of Trycondyla are few in number compared with Collyris, only six have fallen under my inspection ; for a better acquaintance with them, apply to De Jean's Species de Coleopteres ; to Guerin's Icones du Regne Animal Ins. pi. 3, fig. 3. Silberman*s Revue, t. 2, p. 38. To Vander- linden's Cicindeles de Java, page '27, and the Zoologischer Atlas, by Eschscholtz, Fas. 1, p. 6. * For information respecting the species, refer among French authors, to De Jean's Species general de Coleopteres ; to Guerin's Iconographiae ; to Bellinger's Voyage to the East Indies by the same writer ; to the writings of M, M. Brullc and Laporte ; and Sil- bennann's Revue Entomologlque, Tab. 2, p. 11. and Tab. 2, p. 37. Vanderlinden sur les Cicindeles de Java should also be consulted. 32 3. Procephalus, Laporte. This genus was first published by Dr. Fischer, under the name of Caris, a name which has been applied to some of the Arachnida. Mons. Laporte consequently adopted the term Procephalus. Pro- fessor Audouin who has studied these insects mi- nutely, records an opinion in his L'Histoire Natural des Insectes (Vol. 1, page 107) that Procephalus of Laporte differs from Ctenostoma of Klug, and is identical with Caris of Dr. Fischer. For a de- scription of the known species consult L' Entomo- graphie de la Russie, pi. 4, fig. 4., and Silbermann's Revue, t. 2, p. SQ. 4. Ctenostoma, Klug. The insects of this genus as well as the former, seem peculiar to the warm regions of the new world ; only three recorded species are known. For an account of them consult the Nova Acta Acad. Natur. Curiosorum, Tab. 10. Also Observations in the Zoological Journal, by Mr. J. O. Westwood, vide Vol. 5, page 53, pi. 41. Supp. 3S 5. PsiLOCERA, Bridle. This genus was originally published by M. M. Audouin and BruUe under the name of Stenocera, it was afterwards changed to Psilocera, as the former name was used anteriorly by Schonherr in his work on the Curculionidse. For an acquaintance with the species the student is referred to an elegant Monograph, published by the Comte de Castelneau and Mons. H. Gory con- jointly ; eleven species are therein described and exquisitely figured. In concluding my remarks on the Cicindeloidea, it may here be stated that they still require further sub-divisions. The rapid progress Entomology is making, and the vast influx of new species added annually to our European Cabinets, lead me to think that few individuals in future will be bold enough to attempt a general collection of Insects. Many Entomologists confine themselves at present to one order, and the time has arrived when it is almost an impossibility for any one to accomplish even that successfully. Some persons are directing their attention to isolated groups, such as the D 34 illustrious Schonherr to the Curculionidae, and Baron Chaudoir to the Carabidse. I may go still further, and assert that the time is gone by when individual exertion can keep pace with the increasing state of Entomological Science. It is only to the united labours of different Societies and to future Committees, formed from those Societies, that we can in future expect any thing like a Species Insectorum. The Botanists, by their united labours and publications hold out to Zoolo- gists an example worthy of being followed : let Entomoloofists in the several orders make similar exertions in publishing Monographs of families and genera. It would greatly tend to the advance and diffu- sion of the science, if the different Entomological Societies of Europe were to set apart sums of money for the publication and illustration of such works. I have been led into these remarks from having investigated the first part of a Systema Insectorum, published at Munich by the zealous and indefati- gable Gistl. All must admire his ardour in the pursuit of science, and regret the difficulties he has had to encounter, as no where in Munich will be found collections at all comparable with those of London, Paris, Leyden, or Copenhagen. 35 Gmelin's 8y sterna at best is but an indifferent compilation ; in that work it is no unusual occur- rence to find the self-same species described under different names, and such must still continue to be the case, till individuals of various countries, united for a common purpose, undertake impartially to investigate and publish their researches. Let Entomologists be united for such ends, the result must be beneficial to Science. In conclusion we may add — " In tenui labor, at tenuis not Gloria." D ^ 36 CARABUS of LiNNEus. CARABID.E of Leach. CARABOIDEA of Hope. Linnean Species. Country. 1. Coriaceus Germany 2. Granulatus France 3. Hortensis England 4. Leucophthalmu8 England 5. Clathratus Ireland 6. Nitens England 7. Aiiratus Switzerland 8. Violaceus Wales 9. Cephalotes England 10. 10-guttata P. B. S. 11. Inquisitor England 12. Sycophanta England 13. Buprestoides Southern Europe 14. Fastigiatus P. B.S. 15. Liviflus England 16. Marginatus Wales 17. Complanata Spain 18. Crepitans England 19. Americanus N. America 20. Spinipes England 21. Cyanocephalus England 22. Mehuiocephalus England 23. Vaporariorum England 24. Latus. N. America ? 25. Ferrugineus England 26. Germanus Germany 27. Vulgaris England 28. CcErulescens Bavaria 29. Cupreus England 30. Piceus England 31. Velox Sweden 32. Multipunctatus England Genera of Authors. Procrustes, JBonelli. Carabus of Authors. Sphodrus, Clairville. Carabus, Linneus. Broschus, Leach. Thermophila, Leach. Calosoma, Weber. Unhiown. Aptinus, Bonelli. Nebria, Leach. Chlaenius, Bonelli. Nebria, Leach. Brachiniis, Weber. Galerita, Fabricius. Curtonotus, Stephens. Lamprias, Bonelli. Calathus, Bonelli. Stenolophus, Ziegler ? Calathus, Bonelli. Bradytus, Stephe7is. Ophonus, Ziegler. Amara, Bonelli. Psecilus, Bonelli. Agonum, Bonelli. Bembidium, Latreille. Blethisa, Bonelli. 37 Linnean Species. 33. Bipunctatus 34. 4-pustulatus 35. 6-punctatus 36. Meridianus * 37. Testaceus 38. Ustulatus 39. Crux major 40. Crux minor 41. 4-maculatus 42. Atricapillus 43. Truncatellus 44. Bimaculatus Country. England England England England England England England England England England England East Indies Genera of Authors. Tachypns, Megerle. Panagaeus ? Latreille. Agonum, Bonelli. Trechus, Clairville. Epaphius, Leachl Notaphus, Megerle. PanagSGus, Latreille, Lebia, Latreille. Dromius, Bonelli. Demetrias, Bonelli. Syntomus, Hope. Bracliinus, Fabricius. 1. RostratuR 2. Attenuatus 3. Reflexus 4. Elevatus 6. Unicolor CARABUS of Fabricius. CARABID^ of Leach. CARABOIDEA of Hope. CYCHRUSof Fab. England Germany Coromandel S. America S. America Cychrus, Fabricius. Cychrus, Fabricius. Camptoderus, Hope. Scaphinotns, Latreille. Scaphinotus, Latreille. CARABUS of Fabricius. CARABID^ of Leach. Fabridan Species. Country. Genera of Authors. 1. Scabrosus Carniola Procerus, Alegerle. 2. Coriaceus Germany Procrustes, Bonelli. 3. Coelatus Carniola Carabus, Azictorum. 4. Marginalis Russia 5. Meyerlei Guinea Tefflus, Leach. 6. Glabratus Wales Carabus of Authors. 7. Violaccus England 8. Purpurascens Germany 9. Catenulatus England 10. Carolinus S. Carolina Carabus ? 38 Fabrician Species. Country. Genera of Authors. 11. Cyaneus England Carabus of Authors. 12. Excellens Moldavia 13. Hispanus Spain 14. Nodulosus Hungary 15. Monilis England 16. 17. Lusitanicus Gemmatus Portugal Germany 18. Hortensis Sylvestris England Germany 19. 20. Concolor Holsatia Carabus ? 21. Irregularis Germany 22. Creutzeri Carniola 23. 24. Tsedatus Sclie idler! N. America Austria England 25. Arvensis Carabus of Authors. 26. Hungaricus Hungary 27. Retusus Patagonia Calosoma, Weber. 28. Maderae Madeira Calosoma, Weber. 29. Convexus Germany Carabus of Authors. 30. Auratus Switzerland 31. Splendens Pyrenees 32. Auronitens Germany 33. Suturalis Terra del Fuego 34. Morbillosus Mauritania 35. Rugosus Morocco Carabus ? 36. Granulatus France Carabus of Authoi's. 37. Cancellatus Germany 38. Clathratus Ireland 39. Melancholicus Spain 40. Nitens England 41. Leucopthalmus England Omaseus, Ziegler 42. Fasciatopunctatus Austria Pterostichus, Bonelli. 43. Terricola Germany Pristonychus, De Jean, 44. Serobiculatus Austria Platynus, Bonelli. 45. Maurus Germany Omasous ? Ziegler. 46. Niger England Platysma, Bonelli. 47. Planus .London Sphodrus, Clairville. 48. Striatulus Patagonia Platysma, Bonelli, 49. Arenarius Wales Nebria, Latreille, 50. Sabulosus Saxony 61. Lateralis France 39 Fahrician Species. Country. Genera of Authors. 52. Qiiadricolor East Indies Chlienius, Bonelli. 53. Riificornis England Harpalus, Latreille. 54. Fulvipes Germany Harpalus, Lati-eille. 55. Picicornis Italy Nebria, Latreille. 5fi. Flavicornis Saxony Dolichus, Bonelli. 57. Piceus England Calathus? Bonelli. 58. Femoralis Sierra Leone Chlsenius, Bonelli. 59. Madidus England Steropus, Megerle. 60. Decoriis Carolina Calleida, De Jean. 61. Spiiiibarbis England Leistus, Frolich. 62. .Sliieocephalus S. American Isles Ciilajnius ? 63. Huineralis Italy Tarus, Clairville. 64. Angusticollis Germany Platynus, Bonelli. 65. Miliaris Austria Tarus, Clairville. 66. Axillaris Austria 67. Trilobus Guinea Unknown. 68. Multipunctata England Blethisa, Bonelli. 69. Borealis Suecia Pelophila, De Jean. 70. Oblongopunctatus England Pterostichus, Bonelli. 71. Croesus Guinea Epomis, Bonelli. 72. Spoliatus Morocco Chlienius, Bonelli. 73. Cinctus Coromaudel Chlaenius, Bonelli. 74. Festivus Austria 75. Rufipes England Patrobus, Megerle. 76. Elegans Sumatra Catascopus? 77. Splendidulus Bengal Catascopus, Kirby. 78. Nitidiilus Kamtschatka Helobia, Latreille. 79. Tenuicollis P. B. S. Chlaenius, Bonelli. 80. Ruficollis Guinea Calleida, De Jean. 81. Tricolor Austria Ptecilus, Bonelli. 82. Modest us Austria Peryphus, Megerle. 83. Agilis England Dromius, Bonelli. 84. 4-notatus East Indies Tetragonoderus, JJe Jean. 85. Fasciatus England Dromius, Bonelli. 86. Atricapillus England 87. Marginellus Germany 88. Bis 2-guttatus E(juinoctial Africa Brachinus, Fnbridus. 89. 8-puiictatus N. America Agonuni, Bonelli. 90. Obloiigus England Anchomenus, Bonelli. 91. Pallipts England 92. Rubens Kiel Blemus, Zirgler. 40 Fabrician Species. 93. Festinans 94. Cephalotes 9.'5. Megacephalus 96. InteiTuptus 97. Calydonius 98. Caliginosus 99. Striola 100. Impressus 101. Striolatus 102. Metallicus 103. Frigidus 104. Elatus 103. Gibbus 106. Politus 107. Lepidus 108. Cassidius 109. Silphoides 110. Sabulieola 111. Globosus 112. Melanocephalus 113. Fuscus 114. Brevicollis 115. PuDctulatus 116. Oculatus 117. Posticus 118. aiicans 119. Notula 120. Obscurus 121. Stigma 122. Ammon 123. Pudicus 124. Bicolor 125. Holosericeus 126. Binotatus 127. FulvicoUis 128. Pilicornis 129. Dimidiatus 130. Coerulescens 131. Lsetus 132. Vividus 133. Tardus Cuuntiy. Cayenne England P. B. S. Arabia ? Italy N. America England East Indies Carniola Austria Germany Germany England East Indies England Paris England England Morocco England England Wales Saxony Guinea East Indies Bengal Guinea England East Indies Guinea Bengal N. America England England Barbary England Germany Bavaria Europe Madeira Germany Genera of Autlwrs. Calleida, De Jean. Brosehus, Panzer. Camptoscelis, De Jean. Ditomus, Monelli. Ditomus, Bonelli. Selenophorus, De Jean. Abax, Bonelli. Diplocheila, Brulle. Molops, Bonelli. Clieporus, Latreille. Abax, Bonelli. Molops, Bonelli. Zabrus, Clairville. Diplocheila, Brulle. Poecilus, Bonelli. Licinus, Latreille. Ophonus, Ziegler. Steropus ? Megerle. Calathus, Bonelli. Helobia, Leach. Sogines, Leach, Chlaeuius, Bonelli. Lissaucheniiis^ MacLeay ? Chlffinius, Bonelli. Cblsenius, Bonelli. Ophonus, Ziegler. Planetes, MacLeay. Chlasnius? Bonellil Chlsenius ? Harpalus, Latreille. Chlsenius, Bonelli. Anisodactylus, Be Jean. Lebia, Latreille. Loi'icera, Latreille. Poecilus, Bonelli. Poecilus ? Harpalus, Latreille. Harpalus, Latreille. M Fabridan Species. Country. Genera of Authors. 134. Cupreus 135. Tricolor 136. Carnifex 137. Vulgaris 138. Communis 139. Integer 140. Alpinus 141. Latus 142. Abdominalis 143. Ovatus 144. Helopioides 145. j\zureus 146. iEneus 147. Erythrocephalus 148. Analis 149. Lineola 150. Ferrugineus 151. Pallidus 152. St. Crucis 153. Surinamensis 154. Dorsiger 155. Aterrimus 156. Nigricornis 157. Austriacus 158. Parumpuntatus 159. 6-punctatus 160. Palliatus ICI. Discoideus 162. Marginatus 163. Vestitus 164. Nigrita 165. Pallipes 166. Quadrum 167. Cj anocephalus 168. Rufibarbis 169. Flavilabris 170. Ainethystinus 171. Lividus 172. Semivittatus 173. Notulatus 1 74. Corticalis England Kiel S. America England England American Isles Switzerland England P. B. S. England England Saxony England Kiel Germany N. America England Saxony American Isles Surinam Barbary England England Austria England England N. America Germany England England Germany N. America Senegal England England East Indies Cayenne Denmark East Indies Bengal New Cand)ridge Paicilus, Bonelli. Antarctia, De Jean. Amara, Bonelli. Bradytus? Amara? Bonelli. Bradytus, Stephens. Harpaliis, Lutreille. Amara, Bonelli. Oodes, Bonelli. Harpalus, Latreille. Nebria, Latreille 1 Leistus ? Fr'ulich. Agonoderus, De Jean. Bradytus, Stephens. Cymindis, Latreille. Agonoderus, De Jean. Cymindis, Lutrnille 1 Unknown. Omaseus, Ziegler. ChlEenins, Bonelli. Agonum, Bonelli. Selenophorus, De Jean. Bradytus ? Agonum, Bonelli. Chlajnius, Bonelli. Omaseus, Ziegler. Agonoderus, DeJean. Tetragonoderus, De Jean. Lamprias, Bonelli. Leistus, Friilich. Colpodes ? MacLeay ? Lebia, Latreille 1 Amara? Barysomus, De Jean. Panagajus, Latreille, Lebia, Latreille, 42 Fabrician Species. Country. Genera of Authors. 175. Curtus New Holland Lebia? Latreille. 176. Crux major England Panagseus, Latreille. 177. Crux minor England Lebia, Latreille. 178. Vittatus N. America 179. 2-vittatu3 N. America 180. Augulatus Tranquebar Panagaeus, Latreille. 181. Turcicus England Lebia, Latreille. 182. Haemorrhoidalis Saxony 183. Picipes Sweden Agonum, Bonelli. 184. 2-pustulatus England Badister, Clairville. 185. Andrese England Tachypus, Megerle. 186. Elevatus Paris Blemus, Ziegler. 187. Germanus England Ophonus, Ziegler. 188. Heros Barbary Anisodactylus, De Jean. 189. Spinilabris Austria Leistus, FrSlich. 190. Velox England Bembidium, Latreille. 191. Rufescens England Leistus, Frolich. 192. Praeustus Germany Leistus ? 193. Apricarius England Bradytus, Stephens. 194. Lunatus England Callistus, Bonelli. 195. Prasinus England Anchomenus, Bonelli. 196. Cursor Italy Trechus, Clah-ville. 197. Furcatus America Agonoderus, De Jean. 198. Vaporariornm England Stenolophus, Ziegler. 199. Meridianus England Trechus, Clairville. 200. Discus Germany Blemus, Ziegler. 201. Comma America Agonoderus ? 202. Verualis England Argutor, Megerle. 203. 4-maculatus England Dromius, Bonelli. 204. 4-guttatu8 England Lopha, Megerle. 205. 4-pustulatus England Panagieus, Latreille. 206. Ustulatus England Notaphus, Megerle. 207. Dorsalis Kiel Trechus, Clairville. 208. 2-guttatus Norway Philochthus, Stejiliens. 209. Guttula England Philochthus, Stephens. 210. Fenestratus Germany Dromius, Bonelli. 211. Smaragdulus East Indies Catascopus ? MacLeuy. 212. Cruciger Saxony Trechus, Clairville. 213. Testaceus England Epaphius, Leach . 214. Triincatus Saxony Dromius, Bonelli. 215. A>)brcviatiii' Noi'way Lestevii, Ldtrrillc. 43 Fabrician Species. Country. Genera of Authors. 216. 2-punetatu8 England Tachypus, Megerle. 217. Celer England Tachypus, Megerle. 218. Minutus England Trechus, Clairville. 219. PygmsBUS Germany Pliiloehthus, Stephens. 220. Tristis Germany Trechus, Clairville. 221. Fasciola S. America Tetragonoderus ? De Jean. 222. Truncatellus England Philorliyzus, Hope. 223. Minimus Germany Lopha, Megerle. 1. Maxillosa 2. Pallida CARABID^ FABRICIAN^. MANTICORA, Fabricius. I P. B. S. I Manticora, Fabricius. I P. B. S. I Platychile, MacLeay 1. Depressus 2. Marginatus 3. Testaceus 4. Grandis 5. Gigas 6. Imprcssus 7. Quadratus 8. Subterraneus 9. Lsevigatus 10. Porcatus 11. Ruflcornis 12. Crenatus 13. Cyaneus 14. 2-pustulatus 15. Arenarius 16. Thoracicus 17. Gibbus 18. Cursor 19. Arabs SCARITES, Fabricius. Cayenne N. America Senegal Brazil Africa S. America Guinea N. America Italy East Indies P. B. S. East Indies New Holland American Isles England England England Europe Arabia ? Pasimachus, Bonelli. Pasimachus, Bonelli. Scarites ? Scarites, Fabricius ? Scarites, Fabricius. Scarites, Fabricius 1 Scarites, Fabricius. Scarites, Fabricius! Scarites, Fabricius. Scarites, Fabricius 2 Acanthoscelis, Latreille. Scarites, Fabricius. Carenum, Bonelli. Clivina, Latreille. Clivina, Latreille. Dyschirius, Bonelli. Dyschirius, Bonelli. Dyschirius ? Bonelli. Scarites, Fabricius 1 1. Alternans 3. Porculatum 0. Sericeum CALOSOMA, Fabricius. American Isles New Holland Hambro' Calosoma, Fabricius. Adelium, Kirbij. Calosoma, Fabririiis. 44 GALERITA, Fabricius. Fabrician Species. Country. Genera of Authors. 1. Americana Pennsylvania Galerita, Fdbridus. 2. Attelaboides Africa ? Galerita, Fabricius. 3. Hirta Tranqiiebar Omphra, Leach. 4. Olens Italy Zupliium, Latreille. 5. Depressa East Indies Siagona, Latreille, 6. Plana East Indies Siagona, Latreille. 7. Flesus East Indies Siagona, Latreille. 8. Bufo Tangier Siagona, Latreille. 9. Fasciolatus England Polistichus, Bonelli. BRACHINUS, Fabricius. 1. Bimaculatus East Indies 2. Complanatus St. Domingo 3. Annulus Tranquebar 4. Fulminans Guinea 5. Nigripennis P. B. S. 6. Tripustulatus Siam 7. Mutilatus Austria 8. Piger East Indies 9. Histrio East Indies 10. Ruficeps P. B. S. 11. Fumans America 12. Crepitans England 13. Sclopeta Paris Pheropsoplius, Solier. Pheropsophus, Solier. Pheropsophus, Solier. Pheropsophus, Solier. Aptinus, Honelli. Pheropsophus, Solier. Aptinus, Bonelli. Pheropsophus, Solier 1 Pheropsophus "! Brachinus, Fabricius. ANTHIA, Fabricius. 1. Maxillosa 2. Thoracica 3. 10- guttata 4. C-guttata 5. Venator 6. Sulcata 7. G-maculata 8. 7-guttata 9. Nimrod 10. 4-guttata P. B. S. P. B. S. P. B. S. Calcutta Senegal Senegal Barbary P. B. S. Senegal P. B. S. Anthia, Fabricius. Thermophila, Leach. Pachymorpha, Hope. Thermophila, Leach. 4.5 Fabrician Species. Country. Genera of AutJiors. 11. Tablda P. B. S. Thermophila, Leach. 12. Umbraculata Guinea Piezia ? Brulle. 13. Variegata Arabia 't Graphiptera, Latrellle, 1 1 Barbary P. B. S. 15. Trilineata IG. Obsoleta P. B. S. 1. iEnea 2. Rufipes 3. Attelaboides 1. Mclanura 2. Bifasciata 3. Cyanocepliala 4. 3-pustulata 5. Elongata 6. Dorsalis 1 . Emarginata 2. Cylindricollis 1. Uliginosus 2. Riparius 3. Striatus 4. Impressus 5. Atratus 6. Fiavipes 7. Aquaticus 8. Semipunctatus 9. Riipestris 10. Biguttatus 1. Flexuosus 2. Liinbatiis 3. Laliiatus AGRA, Fabricius. Agra, Fabricius. S. America S. Ameriea East Indies Novum Genus. ODACANTHA, Fabricius. England Brazil East Indies Paris S. America Carolina Odacantha, Fabricius Cordistes, Latreille, Casnoidea, Laporte. Anthicus ? Fabricius ? Cordistes ? Latreille. Lcptotraclielus, Latreille. DRYPTA, Fabricius. England Morocco Drypta, Fabricius- Desera, Leach. ELAPHRUS, Fabricius. England Wales Germany Germany America England England I Saxony Germany I Norway Elaphrus, Fabricius. Elaplirus, Fabricius, Bcmbidium ? Dumeril. Bembidium, lUiger. Elaplirus ? Fabricius. Bembidium, Illiger. Nothiophilus, Dumeril. Peryphus, Megerle. Nothiophilus, Dumeril. SOLYTUS, Fabricius. I East Indies | Omoijlii'on, Latreille. Franco I I Carolina REMARKS AND ANNOTATIONS LINNEAN SPECIES OF CARABUS. Sp. 1. Coriaceus. — This insect is a Procrustes of Bonelli, and one of the family of the Carabidge. The following Table gives an outline of the genera composing it, from which I have thought fit to separate the Pamboridae, consisting at present of only two genera, Pamborus and Callimosoma, both of them inhabiting New Holland. Carabid^, Latrdlle. Genera. Country. Typical Species. 1. Procerus, Megerle CarnioJa C. Scabrosus, Fabricius. 2. Procrustes, Bonelli Germany c. Coriaceus, Fabricius. 3. Carabus, Linneus France c. Granulatus, Linneus. 4. Apotomopterus, Hope China c. Prodigus, Erichson. 5. Calosoma, Weber England c. Sycophanta, Fabricius. G. Chrysostigma, Kirby IV . America c. Calidum, Fabricius. As the major part of the above genera will be referred to in their proper places, I shall only allude at present to the fourth, which as it appears 48 to differ from any species of known Carabus, I make the type of a sub-genus, naming it Apoto- mopterus, from anoTOfio^, broken off, and irrepov, the apex of the elytra having the appearance of having been abruptly broken off. Vid, Act. Acad. Cses. Leop. Carol. Nat. Cur. Vol. 16, Suppl. Table 37, figure 1. Mr. Kirby in his Fauna Boreali Ame- rica, forms a sub-genus (named by him Chrysostig- ma) of some of the species belonging to Calosoma. The type of the latter is Sycophanta, of the former C. Calidum, Fab. ; for the characteristic distinctions the reader is referred to the above-mentioned work, page 18. Sp. 2. Granulatus. — Now a Carabus of authors. The granulatus of our English Cabinets is not the same as the C. granulatus of the French collections, the latter appears to be found in the South of France, and is never met with in the British Isles. Different writers have attempted to form the species of Carabus into sections, which I shall not here introduce, as they require very considerable alteration. In the Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, par Audouin et Brulle, when speaking of the grand Carabi, the following statement occurs, " pendant long temps on a pense quel n' en existait pas das I'Amerique Meridionale depuis les Voyages du 49 Naturaliste Eschcholtz, on a acquis la preuve du contraire. Ce n'est que dans le nord de I'Afrique et dans I'Asie Mineure que I'on trouve des especes de ce genre pour chacune de ces deux parties du monde, et 1' Australasie n'en a pas encore ofFert une seule jusqu' ici." It is singular that neither of the above Entomo- logists are aware that Fabricius had early described a species from Terra del Fuego, under the name of Car. suturalis. Mr. Charles Darwin has lately brought with him from the same country the above species, and five others. As to Carabus being found only in Asia Minor, it may here be noticed that one species, under the name of Car, Hardwickii, was published by me in the Synopsis of Nepaul Insects, and four other species were in the same collection when it reached this country. Sp. 3. Hortensis. — This insect is subject to be attacked by parasitic worms of the genus Filaria; I have twice seen the worms escape from the insect when dead. Sp. 4. Leucopthalmus. — Now a Sphodrus of Clair- ville, who first separated this genus from Carabus. The species are widely dispersed in the world, oc- curring in Europe, Africa, and Asia. Some sub- genera from New Holland are allied to it. Sphodrus 50 ought to be raised to the rank of a family. With regard to the species named leucopthalmus, it lives in the cellars of our metropolis, and feeds, I think, chiefly on Cockroaches. Sp. 9. Cephalotes. — Now a Broschus of Dr. Leach. The Baron De Jean retains Bonelli's generic name of Cephalotes, which ought to be changed, as it is previously used as a genus of Mammalia by Cuvier, in the Regno Animal. The species of Broschus are widely dispersed, as they occur in Europe, Africa, and Asia. The most splendid of them all is from New Holland, and is named by me Sumptuosus. Sp. 10. 10-guttata. — Now a Thermophila of Leach, and one of the genera of Anthiadse. Anthiad^, Hope. Genera. Country. Typical Species. 1. Aiithia, Weber P. B. S. Thoracica, Fahricixis. 2. Pacliymorpha, Hope East Indies G-guttata, Fabricius. 3. Thermophila, Leach P. B. S. 10-guttata, Fabricius. 4. Graphiptera, Latreille Africa Variegata, Fabricius, 5. Piezia, Dupont P. B. S. Axillaris, Dupoiit. 51 Anthia, Weber. I retain the name of Anthia for those species allied to Anth. Marginata, and Thoracica of Fa- briciiis. Pachymorpha 6-guttata represents in Asia what Anthia does in Africa. Thermophila includes all the sulcated species. The characters of the above genera are as follow, and might he still further subdivided. (FissicoLLiA, Kirby.) (Anthia, Fabricius.') Anthia $. Aptera, clypeo porrecto rotundato integro. Thorax bilobus marginatus, dorso clevato, medio concavo, postice producto dilatato, lamellis duabus depressis. Corpus subdepressum, glabrum sub lente subpunctatum marginatum. Anthia $, differt prsecipue thorace cordiformi bilobo, medio fortissime sulcato. Type Sp. Anthia Thoracica, Fab. Pachymorpha, Hope. Pachymorpha ^. Aptera, clypeo fere quadrato integro. Thorax cordiformis, bilobus, convexus postice productus, apicc fortissime inciso. Corpus crassum, valde convexum, punctulatum subsericeum. 52 Pachymorpha 9 differt thorace cordiformi, linea longitudinali fortiter impressa. Thermophila, Leach. Aptera, thorace cordiformi, seu subhexagono, in medio sulcata, seu linea longitudinali impressa, elytris fortissimo sulcatis. The sexes in the present genus do not appear to vary in the shape of the thorax. With respect to the localities of the above genera, Anthia and Thermophila belong to Africa, while Pachymorpha seems peculiar to Asia. A new East Indian species will be figured in the plates of the present number. The Anthiadse I am inclined to think have no intimate relationship with the Helluonidse ; they are connected on one hand with Manticora, and with Cicindela on the other, by means of Graphiptera and Emymorpha. A singular species of Cicindela, named Ritchii by Mr. Vigors, so closely resembles some of the Gra- phiptera, that at first sight it might be mistaken for one ; Fabricius indeed seems to have been of opinion that these genera were allied; he names one species Cicindeloides. In their habits also they appear to accord. My fi'iend Monsieur Lefebvre, who collected them in Egypt, writes as follows, **Ces 53 insectes se trouvent (scion lui) pendant la plus grand chaleur du jour, ils courent dans le sable des terrains peu cultives." "They produce a singular sound resembling the utterance of the word xexe, by which they are discovered in their lurking places." The reputed larva of PachymorphaG-guttata, (which I cannot consider as a Carabideous larva) ^\dll be found figured in Guerin's Magazine of Zoology. It is probable that the larvse of the African species, when known, will be found to vary considerably from those of the East Indian Anthiadse. Sp. 12. Sycophanta. — Now a Calosomaof Weber. Linneus states that at night they devour the larvae of Lepidoptera ; I am inclined to think that they are more destructive in the day time. The larvse when taken, smell strongly, as of lamp oil. The reader is referred to a valuable paper in the Ento- mological Transactions, by Dr. Hermann Bur- meister, on the anatomy of the larva of Calosoma Sycophanta. Sp. 13. Buprestoides. — Schonherr, in his Sy- nonyma Inscctorum, has not attempted to say to what genus this insect belongs, and from the concise Latin description it is impossible to determine it with any accuracy. Sp. 11, Fastiyiatus. — Now an Aptinus of Bo- 54 nelK. This insect was originally described by Linneus, and was afterwards named Nigripennis by Fabricius. Olivier was correct in following Linneus. The tabular arrangement of the genera composing this family will be found under Brachinus, among the Fabrician Carabidse. Sp. 16. Marginatus. — This insect is a Chlsenius, and has different names applied to it : the oldest is marginatus, and consequently takes precedence of the Fabrician name vestitus. Sp. 17. Complanatus. — Now of the genus Nebria Latreille. The Nebriadae require to be separated from the Elaphridae, with which they have been associated by M. M. Audouin and Brulle, the fol- lowing genera compose the family. NEBRiADiE, Hope. Genera. Country. Typical Species. 1. Nebria, Latreille N. Europe Complanata, Linneus. 2. Ptcroloma, Schonherr Kamtschatka Forstromii, Gyllenhall. 3. Helobia, Leach England Brevicollis, Fabricius. 4. Alpoeus, BoneUl Switzerland Castaneus, Bonelli. 5. Leistus, Froelich England Spinibarbis, Fabricius. In addition to the above genera, Notiobia of Perty might probably be added. Le Comte de Castelneau, speaking of Notiobia, says, that it has the general appearance of a Nebria ; as 1 am only 55 acquainted with the figure, I cannot give a decided opinion. A glance at the countries these insects inhabit, tells us at once that they are a northern group ; they are abundant amid the Alpine snows and even in Wales and Scotland ; they are found to abound more in the range of Alpine vegetation, than in the plains. With respect to the genus Pteroloma, it appears to be the Adolus of Eschcholtz and the Holocnemis of Schilhng, according to Erichson this genus belongs to Agyrtes one of the Silphiada?. I here cannot help suspecting some error, which 1 am unable to ex- plain, Eschcholtz was too accurate an Entomologist to have committed so egregious a blunder, as to confound the Carabidas with the Silphiadse. Sp. 18. Crepitans. — Now of the genus Brachinus. In the Linnean cabinet there are two distinct in- sects confounded under the above name ; one of them is the Brachinus fumans Fab. from North Ame- rica, the other the well known European species named Crepitans by Linneus. Sp. 19. Americanus. — Now a Galerita of Fabri- cius. From the Linnean description "Similis C. crepitanti sed quadruplo major," some have sup- posed the above species to be a Brachinus, and it is singular that in Lee's cabinet named by Fabriclus, 56 a large species of Brachinus is named by him Americanus. Sp. 20. Spinipes. — Now a Curtonotus of Stephens, and one of the genera of Amaridse. A species named convexiusculus, by the same author, feeds on the bleached roots of grasses under stones. Re- specting the typical species, Scopoli has recorded that it is abundant '* super trictici spicas frequens," and why there ? Some have imagined that these insects resort to standing corn in quest of the Aphides, my observations lead me to believe they attack the stalk of the wheat and devour it, and in this habit they approach Zabrus. Mr. Stephens in his Systematical Catalogue has placed Brady tus and Curtonotus before Zabrus, evidently proving himself by that judicious arrangement to be, in the language of Barrington, an out-door Naturalist. The re- searches of Zimmerman induce him to believe that the Amaridse are vegetable feeders, and from collecting assiduously the Harpalidae, I am also inclined to think that the Ophoni and Trechidee, and even some of the species of true Harpalus feed on the roots of grasses. I think it also not improbable that the pe- culiar smell of the Amaridag is derived from the vege- tation they eat. Lebia, Brachinus, and Panaga^us will eventually be found to feed on vegetation. Lam- 51 prias and Panagseus exhale alike the same disagree- able odour. Sp. 21. Cyanocephalus. — Now of the genus Lamprias of Bonelli, and of the family of Lebiadse. I differ with M. M. Audouin and Brulle in re- uniting Lamprias with Lebia ; as it appears a very natural sub-genus, I retain it. If we reject the generic characters given by such a writer as Bonelli, and revert back to early authors, it would be wise to retain the sectional characters those writers adopted, generally expressed in a short Latin sen- tence ; if not, we are again likely to have the self- same species formed into sub-genera, with increased confusion by addition of new names. Sp. 23. Vaporariorum. — Now a Stenolophus of Ziegler. The insect in the Linnean cabinet label- led as Vaporariorum is now a Tarus, and not a Stenolophus ; it appears to be the same as Tarus basalis. Sp. 24. Latus. — According to M. M. Audouin and Brulle, the above insect is a Calathus of Bonelli, and is found in France under stones, ac- cording- to Illiocer, his Carabus Cisteloides is the same insect. Erichson, in the Kafer der Mark Brandenburg, vol. 1, page 103, gives Carabus latus 58 as a synonym of C. apricarius, it must therefore be a Bradytus of Stephens. There is evidently very great confusion respecting this species, as in the Linnean cabinet it is a true Harpalus. Linneus also in the Systema Natura mentions two localities, Europe and North America, probably confounding two species. Sp. 25. Ferrugineus. — Now a Bradytus of Ste- phens. A genus closely allied to Curtonotus of the same author. Sp. 27. Vulgaris. — Now an Amara of Bonelli. The monograph of Zimmerman on these interesting insects should be studied by all Entomologists ; the following genera compose the family, viz. Percosia, Celia, Amara, Bradytus, Leirus, Leiocnemis, Amathitis, and Acrodon ; instead of Leirus the name of Curtonotus should be substituted, as pre- viously characterized by Mr. Stephens in his illus- trations of British Entomology. In the Linnean cabinet the insect ticketed vulgaris, is not an Amara but a Platysma. Sp. 30. Piceus. — Now an Agonum of Bonelli, according to the specimens preserved in the Linnean cabinet, Sp. 31. Velox. — Now a Bembidium of Illiger. 59 The Entomologists of Sweden think that Carabus velox of Linneus is only a variety of Bembidiura, impressum Gyll. Sp. 33. Bipunctatus. — Now a Tachypus of Megerle, one of the genera of the Bembidiidse. The following remarks occur in the Histoire Na- turelle des Insectes relating to the above family. *' C'est Mons. Stephens qui dans son interressant Traite sur les Insectes d'Angleterre en a le premier public les caracteres en les regardant toutes comme des genres particuliers ce savant Entomologiste en a porte le nombre a douze qui ne correspondent pas tout-a~fait a celles du species de M. le comte De Jean. Comme elles nous paraissent plus faciles a saisir dans le dernier ouvrage nous adopteron de preference la methode du Naturaliste Francais," Vid. Hist. Nat. des Insect par Audouin et Brulle, Vol.2, p. 156, &c. Argument is one thing, Nation- ality another. Because the published genera of Mr. Stephens do not correspond with the Baron De Jean's, or because De Jean's genera at first sight are more readily taken, therefore those of the French Natu- ralist are to be adopted. If the genera described by the above writers are accurate they must accord; the claim of priority then cannot be set aside on 60 any other account, excepting that of inaccuracy. It is to be regretted that the names of Megerle and Dahl were adopted by our English Naturalist. The generic details were first published by Mr. Stephens in July, 1828, by De Jean in 1831, in the first part of his fifth volume of the Species general des Coleopteres, where the Megerlean types are given. From enquiry it appears doubt- ful if Megerle ever published any Entomological brochure. In concluding these observations, a passing remark is added, which has attracted the attention of many individuals. "It is singular that scarcely a reference is ever made by De Jean and other Entomologists to the two first works ever published in this country on our Insectal Fauna, those of Messrs. Stephens and Curtis." The works are costly and valuable publications, and such works ever will be, when illustrated by excellent figures ; the great cost of them, however, cannot be pleaded as an excuse by the princely De Jean, or by other French writers, as a reason for not quoting them. It is a notorious fact, that the libraries of Natural History in France are far superior to those of England, why then, it must be asked, are our ablest authors passed by and neglected "^ 61 Bembidiid^, Stephens. Genera. 1. Lymnasum, Stephens 2. Cillenum, Leach 3. Tacliys, Ziegler . < Philochtluis, Steph ( Leia, Megprle 5. Ocvs, Kirby 6. Peryphus, Megerle 7. Notaphus, Megerle 8. Lopha, Megerle 9. Tachypus, Megerle 10. Bcmbidium, Illiger 11. Clialybe, iftyjior^e 5 ^^ga, Lnporte . ^ PselaphopetiuSjiS' Country. 12 England England England England England England England England England England Cayenne Cayenne Typical Species. Car. Nigropiceus, Marsh. {'ill. Laterale, Leach. Tach. Scutcllaris, Steph. Bern, biguttatum, Illiger. Car. Tempestivus, Panz. Bern, fenioratum, SfKriii. Car. Ustulatus, Linneus. Cic. 4-niaculata, Linneus. Cic. Andrese, i^a«. Cic. flavipes, Linneus. Chal. Leprieuri, Laporte. Mg. Anthicoides, Laporte. It is probable tbat tbe two last genera will be found eventually to connect tbe Bembicliidae witb tbe Trecbidse. Tbe above table seems to include all the kno^Ti genera composing tbe family. Inter- mediate forms may be expected to occur, uniting tbe European and Transatlantic genera ; there is, however, much to be done in tbe investigation of the exotic species, as little of their habits are known. The name of Leia was, of necessity, changed by Mr. Stephens to Philochtbus, as the former had previously been applied by Meigen to desig- nate a genus of Diptera (Vid. Meig. Zw. 1, '2.;3). After paying much attention to this family, I have 62 adopted the arrangement of Mr. Stephens as the most satisfactory. Three Entomologists of dif- ferent countries have given different types of the genus Bembidium ; Illiger refers to Paludosum Panzer, Latreille to Striatum Fab., and De Jean to Laterale Leach. Mr. Kirby in his Fauna Boreali Americana, exalts Peryphus into a family, which he denominates Peryphidse. In the following Fabrician Carabidse the genera composing it will be given. Sp. 36. Meridianus. — Now a Trechus of Clair- ville. Latreille and De Jean use the terra Acupal- pus, and Erichson that of Bradycellus ; the second name ought to be abandoned, although used by the Prince of Entomologists. Sp. 3J. Testaceus. — Most likely an Epaphius of Leach, and probably a pale variety of C. secalis. In this opinion Mr. Stephens seems to accord. In a note in the Synonymia Insectorum of Schonherr, some additional remarks occur respecting this species. Sp. 41. 4}-maculatus. —Now belonging to the genus Dromius ; according to my views Dromius should be raised to the rank of a sub-family ; in habits they are Lebiadous, and at first sight they may be distinguished from the latter by their elongated 68 form, the elytra also rarely exceed the width of the thorax, while in true Lebia they arc very considerably wider. Dromiid^, Hope. Genera. Country. Typical Species. 1. Demetrius, Bonelli 2. Dromius, Bonelli 3. Philorhizus, Hope 4. Syntomus, Hope England England England England Car. Atricapillus, Linn^ Car. 4-niaculatu?, Linn. Car. Fasciatus, Fab. Car. Truncatellus, Fab. It was my intention to have used the abandoned term of Rizophilus applied by Dr. Leach to Deme- trias ; as it might lead to further confusion I merely transpose the word, adopting that of Philorhizus, from (I)lXo9 and pt^a. The species of the follow- ing genera are apterous; as the types are well known, there is no need of long generic characters, the following may suffice. Philorhizus, Hope. Apterous, form oblong. Thorax, with its ante- rior part wider than the posterior. The anterior angles are rounded, while the latter arc nearly rectangular. The elytra at the apex are not so abruptly truncated as in Dromius, and are gradually rounded from the external sides till they meet the suture. 64 Syntomus, Hope. From eJ^ea?i. The above genera, according to modern arrange- ment, belong to the PanagsBidse. Tefflus, by BruUe and Audouin, is justly located ; but I cannot agree with them concerning Pamborus, which if it does not belong to the Carabidse, must naturally belong to a peculiar family, which I would name Pambo- ridse. Some of the genera of this group are un- known. Should it turn out that there is a differ- ence in the thorax of the sexes, it must be arransed de novo. Sr. 177« Crux minor. — In the Jianksian Cabinet the species labelled Crux minor is evidently Steno- lophus vaporariorum ; there are two specimens re- maining. Sp. 178. Vlttatus, — Now a Lebia of Latreille, it 92 was described originally from the cabinet of the un- fortunate Yeats. I cannot learn what became of his collection. There is in the library of the Linnean Society a presentation copy of Yeats's Institutions of Entomology, which was given to Sir James Smith, the president. The marginal illustrations are co- loured by Mr. Sydenham Edwards, and are far supe- rior to any entomological drawings of that period. Sp. 180. Angulatus. — This species has in later years been described under the name of Panageeus tomentosus, Vid. Zool. Journal. The Baron De Jean gives, in his last Catalogue, Cychrus reflexus Fab. as a variety of Panagseus tomentosus ; the species differ entirely. Sp. 190. Velox. — The specimens in the Banksian Cabinet labelled Velox are only varieties of Ancho- menus sordidus, Marsham. Sp. 192. Pi'ceustus. — Schonherr, in his note relat- ing to this species, writes, *' sive idem ac C. rufes- cens sive varietas C. 4-maculati vix enim species distincta," vid. p. 213, 257. IHiger is of opinion that it is only a variety of C. 4-maculatus. Sp. 191^. Lunatus. — Now a Callistus. I have lately received from the East Indies a species of this genus, which I name pulchellus ; I am not aware of its previous occurrence in Asia. 93 ISp. 19<>. Cursor. — Apparently a variety of C. micros Herbst, which is at the present day a Trechus. Sp. 198. Vaporariorum. — Now a Stenolophiis of Ziegler. In the Banksian Cabinet, the insect labelled as Vaporariorum is Anchomeniis prasinus. Sp. 201. Comma. — Probably an Agonoderus. This insect was originally described from Drury's collection ; it has never, I believe, been figured, and has scarcely been mentioned in any other entomo- looical work but that of Illiofer, who considers it a variety of Agon, furcatum, or C. lineola Fab. Sp. 211. Smaragdulus. — From the Fabrician de- scription, and locality, I am inclined to consider this insect as a Catascopus. Sp. 213. Testaceus. — Now an Epaphius of Dr. Leach, and most likely a pale variety 5f C. secalis. Vid. Stephens's Illustrations of British Entomology. Sp. 215. Abhreviatus. — Fabricius in his Eleuthe- ratorum adds a note to this species, " Nullo modo Staphylinus caraboides hue pertinct." Abhreviatus Fab. is only a synonym of St. caraboides, Linn. ii. 635. By many this insect is considered as a link uniting the Carabidse and Brachelytra. Sp. 222. Truncatellus. — The type of the genus Philorhyzus Hope, one of the genera of the sub- family of Dromiida). The two following species 9i may be mentioned as pertaining to it, D. foveolus of Stephens, and D. punctatellus of De Jean ; others also will be found in our northern European collec- tions. For an account of the British Dromii, consult Mr. Babington's Monograph in the Entomological Transactions of London, vol. i. c. 80, 1. CARABID^ FABRICIANiE. Caraboidea, Hope. Having finished my observations on the species of Cychrus and Carabus, mentioned by Fabricius, I should pass to Manticora, which appears next on the Tables among the Carabideous genera, but as it has already been treated of as a distinct family under the name of Manticoridse ; the next group we have to consider are the Scaritidse. The genera pertaining t© it are as follows : ScARiTiD^, Leach. Genera. Country. Typical Species. 1. Pasimachus, Bonelli N. America S. Depressns, Fabricius. 2. Scapterns, De Jean East Indies S. Guerini, De Jean. 3. Acanthoscelis, Latreille P. B. S. S. Ruficornis, Fabricius. 4. t Carenum, Bonelli C ArmicUus, Leach New Holland I C. Cyaneum, Fabricius. b. Oxygnathus, De Jean East Indies S. Elongatus, Wiedem. 0. Eutomus, Newman New Holland E. Tinctilatus, Newman. 7. Scarites, Fabricius S. France S. Gigas, Olivier, 8. Oxystomus, Lati-eille Brazils Ox. Cylindricus, De Jean. 9. Camptodontus, De Jean Cayenne C. Cayennensis, De Jean. 10. Clivina, Latreille England C. Ai'enaria, Fabricius. 11. Dyschii-ius, Panzer England S. Gibbup, Fabricius. 95 Genus 5. Oxygnatiius, De Jean. I formerly gave to this genus the name of Arpe- phorus, which had better be abandoned ; it is con- sequently not inserted in the Tables. - - >y" Genus 6. Eutomusj Newman. ^'*"' For the generic characters of this genus, the reader is referred to the Entomological Magazine of the year 1838, No. 22, page I70. Fabrician Scaritid^. Sp. 3. Testaceus. — Schonherr still retains this insect among the Scaritidse ; from the description it appears to be an immature specimen, the species being almost invariably black. Sp. 6, 10, 12. — These insects are all of them deposited in the Museum at Copenhagen, where we may be enabled to glean further intelligence re- specting them ; apparently they are unknown to most Entomologists. Sp. 18. Cursor. — Not unlikely to turn out an immature variety of a species of Dyschirius. Sp. 19. Aralis. — Probably the type of a new genus, as the thorax is mentioned as being serrated. This insect was collected in the East by the inde- fatigable Forskahl. 9C) Calosoma, Fahricms. Amongst my remarks on the Linnean Caraboidea will be found a Table of the genera of the Carabidse. I have only to observe, before entering on the spe- cies, that Fabricius included under Calosoma, the Heteromerous genus Adelium, mistaking analogy for affinity. I have only alluded to three species in the Tables ; ten are recorded by Fabricius, as to the rest they require no further notice. Sp. 6. Sericeum. — This insect occurs at Hambro' and in Russia, and in various parts of Germany, enjoying an extended range. De Jean makes Cal. Caspium Fischer a variety of the above. It seems doubtful if C. auropunctatum can be con- sidered as the same species. Dr. Fischer adds a sub-genus Callisthenes, which may be regarded as one of Calosomidous genera. Type, C. Panderi. Sp. 10. Longicornis. — This species of Calosoma appears to be unknown to most of the Continental collectors, not having occurred since the days of Fabricius ; it was originally described from Sehes- tedt's Cabinet, on the authority of Schousboe, the locality is Morocco. This species was accidentally omitted in my Tables ; it is too late now to alter the press. 97 Galerita, Fabrid/is. The passage from the Cicindcloidea to the Cara- boidea, by Mr. Kirby's arrangement, is through thi; family of Agridas ; by Mr. Stephens' method, by the Dryptidffi ; and according to the Comte de Castel- neau, by means of Odacanthidse. It is immaterial by which family we proceed, each of them bearing a close affinity to the other. De Jean, in his last Catalogue, proceeds from the Collyridae to the Odacanthida) : as this plan accords not with the Fabrician arrangement but with my vicAvs, we will first examine the genera of Dryptidaj, and then the remaining allied families. Dryptid^, Hope. Genera. 1. Zuphium, Latreille 2. Polistichus, Bonelli c Diapliorus, De Jean i * i Pseudaptinus, Lap. S 4. Drypta, Fabncius 5. Trichognathus, Lutreille C. Eunostus, Laporte 7. Galerita, Fahrkius 8. Schidouyclius, Klu & 8) belong to the Siagonida^. The two genera belonging to this sub-family are Ence- ladus of Bonelli, and Siagona of Latreille. It seems, according to Laporte, that Laevigatus, (Ent. Syst. p. 143, No. 86), is an Enceladus, the country of it is probably Cayenne. Brachinus, Fabricius. The genera belonging to this family, according to the French writers, are the following : Brachinid^, Jlope. Genera. Country. Typical Species. 1. Pheropsophus, Solier St. Domingo B. Complanatus, Fabricius 2. Brachinus, Weber England Car. Crepitans, Linneus. 3. Aptiiuis, Bonelli Austria C. Miitilatus, Fabricius. 4. I'seudaptinus, Laporte Brazils P. Albicornis, Laporte. 5, ( Ictiaus, Laporte Cayenne Ic. Rogcrii, De Jean. \ Pachy teles, Perty S. America P. Striola, Perty. G. Nomius, Laporte East Indies ? N. Grtecus, Laporte. ( Pliysea, Bridle \ Traclieli7-us, Solier- P. Testudinca, Brulle. T. Rufus, Solier. 7. Brazils The four first genera of this family may be considered as true Brachinida), the remaining three will eventually no doubt be formed into a sub- family, as they most probably belong to the Ozsenidae. H 2 100 Pheropsophus, Solier. This genus includes all the gigantic species of Brachinus Fab. ; they are chiefly from exotic and tropical countries, black and yellow being the pre- dominating colours ; the lateral margins of the wings are strongly elevated. Brachinus. Weher. The insects belonging to true Brachinus are small in size compared with Pheropsophus; the prevailing colours are red and green ; the elytra are rarely so deeply striated as in the latter genus. For references to the four remaining genera con- sult Audouin et Brulle's Hist. Nat. des Insectes, vol. 1. page 240. L'Histoire Nat. des Anim. Articules par Laporte de Castelneau, Livaraison 9, and refer also to page 108 of this number. Fabrician Species. Sp. 1. 9,-maculatus. — In the tables this insect is given as a Brachinus, it is a Pheropsophus of Solier, Sp. 2. N'hjripennis. — Now an Aptinus. De Jean thinks this insect the same as Fastiaiatus of Olivier ; it is no longer a matter of doubt that lot Fastigiatus of Fabricius is the same as Olivier's insect. Sp. 6. 3-pustulatus. — This insect cannot be con sidered an Helluo; the specimens in the Banksian Cabinet are decidedly of the genus Pheropsophus. In terminating my observations on the Brachi- nidae, it may be stated with regard to the habits of these insects, that the European species live chiefly beneath stones, they are gregarious, and live, as far as I have observed, chiefly on the roots of grass. I have known a dead individual remain a long period, untouched by its confederates, living beneath the same stone. Westermann in- forms us that the larger species in India, allied to Bimaculatus live beneath the bark of Palm trees, probably the whole of them are naturally vegetable feeders ; one part deriving nutriment by sucking grasses, the other feeding more particularly on the luscious sap of trees. Anthia, Fabricius. As the table of the "-enera belonging to this sub-family has been given in my observations on the Caraboidea of Linneus, I shall merely remark on the species. 102 Sp. 4. 6-guttata. — The type of the genus Pachymorpha, a new species lately received from the East Indies, will be figured among the new genera at the end of this part of the Manual. Sp. 12. Umbraculata. — This species is little known, from the description of the joints of the antenna? being compressed, it is probable that Brulle derived his notion of the genus Piezia. It is not unlikely that the above species will prove to be his P. axillaris. For an account of the species of Antliia, refer to Lequien's monograph of that aenus. Agra, Fahricius. Mr. Kirby raises Agra to tlie rank of a family, uniting it with Casnonia ; Laporte more suitably ranges the latter genus with Odacanthidae ; he considers Agra as belonging to the Ctenodactylidge, preferring Mr. Kirby's term on many accounts, but more particularly as Agra is the typical genus of the family. I consider Ctenodactyla in the light of an allied ofenus. AcRiDiE, Kirby. Genera. ). Agra, Fabriciua 2. Ctenodactyla, De Jenn Country. Cayenne Carolina Typical Species. A. vEnca, Fabricius. Ct. Chrcviolatii. lOS With regard to Agra it may very properly be subdivided into three sections, according as the species are toothed at the extremity of the wings, and into a fourth where the dentation is evanescent. There are about 50 known species in the European cabinets, for an account of them Vid. Etudes Entomologiques, by Laporte, vol. 1. page 45. Sp. 3. Attelaboides. — The Baron De Jean has stated his opinion that this is an American insect. I have received it from the East Indies and can therefore substantiate the authority of Fabricius, he describes it with a remark, *' Habitat in India Orientali, Prsecedenti affinis videtur, an satis dis- tincta;" the dentation at the extremity of the wings of Agra settles the question. 1 regard it as the type of a new genus closely allied to Casnonia, and consequently belonging to the Odacanthidse instead of Agra. Odacantiia, Fabricius. The following genera belong to the Odacanthidae, Monsieur Laporte do Castelneau is the first person who raised it to the rank of a family. i(n Odacanthid.t., Laporte. Genera. 1. Caisnom-d, Latreille ^ j Casnoidea, Laporte ] t Ophionea, Kbig J Lasioccra, De Jean f Lcptotracheliis, Lat. ") (.Spheracia, Say J Rhagoercpis, Esch. Stenidia, BruUe Stenocheila, Laporte Odacantha, Fabricius (j Cordistcs, Latreille 1 (^Caloplircna, /Om^ j Trigonodactyla, DeJean ( Miscelus, Klug 1 I Leptodactyla, Brulle J Country. N. America East Indies Senegal N. America Brazils Senegal Cayenne England Cayenne Senegal Java I'l/pical Species. C. Pensylvanica, Fabricius. C.Cyar\ocepha]a,Fabricius. L, Nitidula, iJe Jean. Lep. Dorsalis, Fabricius. R. Riedelii, Eschscholtz. St. Unicolor, Brulle. St. Lacordaiiei, Laporte. Att. Melanurus, I.utneus. C.Acuminatus, Olivier. T. Terminata, De Jean. M. Javanus, Klug. For references to the above genera, consult the works of Laporte, Audouin, and Brulle ; as well as those of Latreille, Klug, De Jean, Eschscholtz, and Say. Sp. 3. 3-pustulata. This insect is described as being found in Paris, and was originally in the pos- session of Mons, Tigny; as it is impossible to believe that any other Odacantha than Melenura is found in the vicinity of Paris, some other insect must have been confounded with it ; the only genus that ap- proaches the form is Anthicus ; as no size is men- tioned, it is impossible to speak with any certainty respecting 3-pustulata. 10,^ Drypta, Fabricins. As the genera of this family will ho tbimd in a. former page, it is only necessary to remark on the second species. '^jy*. 2. Cylindricollis. — Now of the genus Descra of Leach. It differs chiefly from Drypta in having the first joint of the antennae very long, the palpi are proportionahly larger, and the last joint is more dilated than in the latter genus. The tropical species arc numerous, ahounding particularly in the Ivist Indies, the largest species are from Sierra Leone. Elaphrus, Fabricius, The genera composing this family will be found under the Linnean Cicindclidse with which they were at that time arranged. They are intimately allied to the Pericallida? ; as this sub- family has acci- dentally been passed by, 1 now insert it. Pericallid^e, Hope. Genera. Country. Typical Species. 1. Catascopus, Kirby East Indies C. Hardwickii, Kirby. ' 2. Pcricalus, MocLeuy Java P. Cicindeloides, M. L. 3. Dyscolus, De Jean American Islos D Memnonius, De Jean. 4. Arsinoo, Laportc Maclagasear A. 4-guttatus, Lapurte. 6. Promecoptcra, JJ. J. East Indies P. Marginal!*, Wiedcnia/i. y. Euryclcra, Laporte Madagascar E. Arinata, Kliaj. 7. Thyieopterus, U. J. Senegal T. riavosignatus, JJu J can. 8. Nyctcis, Laporte Madagascar N Madaga^carcusis, Lap. 0. Eucheila, De Jean Brazil E. Flavilabiis, De Jean. 10. Ik'leopliorus, Klug Madagascar 13. C'janipcnnis, Klug. 106 This family may be considered as a receptacle for various doubtful forms, uniting the whole of the Lebiadse. By Catascopus we pass readily to the Elaphridse. Fabrician Elaphrid^. Sp. 3. Striatus. — Now a Bembidium. By some authors this species has been considered a Nothio- philus. — Vid. Schon. page 247- On the authority of Mr. Stephens, I gave it as a Bembidium. Sp. 5. Atratus. — Described originally from Hyb- ner's Cabinet, It is probably an Elaphrus ; the remaining species are scarcely worthy of a remark. ScoLYTUs, Fabricius. Omophron, Latreille. As the Fabrician name was originally applied to n genus of Bostrichidse, that of Latreille is adopted and is more appropriate. It was intended to ex- press the agreement of authors respecting the ar- rangement of these singular insects. They unite the terrestrial and aquatic Caraboidea. In form Omophron is like Haliplus ; it lives in the same element, and walks with facility at the bottom of rivers, in this respect evincing an affinity io the 107 Carabidge ; other forms will yet occur connecting it more closely with the sabaquatic Elaphrida). I am induced to rank them as a family under the name of CYCLOsoMiDiE, Hope. Genera. Country. Typical Species. 1. Omophroii, I-at. 2. Cyclosomus, Lat. 3. Metrius, Esch. France East Indies Kamschatka C. Limbatum, Fab. C. Flcxuosus, Fab. M. Contractus, Esch. This genus terminates the Carabida? of Fabricius, as inadvertently I have omitted some families, and purj)osely passed over others which may tend to connect the Cara])oidea together, I now insert them before proceeding to investigate the aquatics. Oztenid^, Hope. When I grouped my Carabidae, after examining Mons. Audouin's tables of genera belonging to the Brachinidaj, I felt convinced that Ozsena and its affi- nities were decidedly belonging to a distinct family, with this opinion, I am glad to find another individual agrees. In Guerin's Magazine will be found the genera and sub-genera of Oz;ena, which arc in my opinion allied to Ilelluo in form, and may have the Brachinating power as well as some of the Cicin- 108 tlelicUo. Its affinity with true Brachinus still re- mains to he ascertained. OzjENiDiE, Hope. Genera. Country. Typical Species. 1. Ozaena, Olivier Cayenne Oz. Deutipes, Olivier. 2. Ictiiiiis, Laporte Cayenne Ic. Tenebrioides, Laporte. 3. Goniotropis, Gray Brazils G. Brasiliensis, Gray. 4. Pseuclozsena, Lap. Java P. Megacephala, Laporte. r ^ Pliysea, Brulle '^' 1 Trachelyzus, Solier Brazils Brazils P. Testtidinea, Laporte. T. Riifus, Solier. G. Pacliyteles, Party S. America P. Striola, Perty. 7. Nomius, Laporte Asia ]Minor N. Graecus, Laporte. 8. Mclisodera, West. N. Holland M. Picipennis, Westtcood. C Basoleia, Westwood 9.? Axinopliorus, Gray (_ Catapiesis, Brulle Brazils Brazils B. Brasiliensis, Westwood. C. Nitida, Brulle. The genera composing the Brachinidae men- tioned at page 99 require alteration, as it is too late now to cancel the press, I consider the first four as Brachinidae. The remainder, with some others, form the above Table. Heteromorphid/e, Hope. This family ranks under its genera some of the most singular forms to be found in our collections ; they appear to bo allied to the Helluonidse. i (>l) Ili;TF.u()MORprni).'];, Hope. Genera. C Iletei'omorplia, Kir/it/ . J Drepanus, De Jean ' i Axinophoriis, LatreUIe I, Pseiidomorplia, Kirhi/ 2. Silphoniorpha, West. 3. Spliallomorplia, Wext. 4. Adelotopus, Hope Country. Georgia N. America N. Holland N. Holland N. Holland Typical Speiies. H. Excrucians, Kirhi/. D. Lecontei, De Jean. S. Fall ax, West wood. Sp. Doci])ions, Westtrood. A. Gyrinoides, Hope. The references for some of these genera will be found in the Linnean Transactions, Vol. 11<. page 101 ; and in the Entomological Transactions. Vid. New Coleoptera, Vol. 1. Those named by Mr. Westwood will be described in the Fauna Austra- lasiae. MoRioNiDJE, Hope. This family appears to unite on one hand the Scaritidse and Siagonidse, and on the other the Ditomidae and Thaliada) ; the following genera belong to the Morion iD.E, Hope. Genera. Country. Typical Speries. 1 . Morio, Lairclllc ,, S Canipylocnemis, WeU. " f Hypoiioii, Laportc. 3. Humiteles, lirulle 4. Homalomorpha, BruUe N. Amci ica N. Holland Madagascar Cayenne M. Monilicornis, Latreille. Sc. Sclirottori, Schonherr. H. Hiterruptus, Briille. H. Castanea, Brulle. 110 I am not at all satisfied with this sub-family. The tables of Audouin and Brulle have been adopted, with the exception of the genus Catapiesis, which is apparently an Ozsena. Campylocnemis, in my opinion, ought to be united with the Trigonoto- midai, if it is not considered as an intermediate between Morio and Catadromus. Of the habits of these insects we are altogether ignorant. Helluonid.=e, Hope. Genera. Country, T'ypical Species. 1. Helluo, Bonelli N. Holland H. Costatus, Bonelli. 2. iEnigma, Neivman N. Holland Mn. Iris, Newman. 3. Planetes, MacLeay East Indies PI. 2-maculatiis, MacLeay. 4. Macroelieilus, Kirby East Indies Mac. Bensoni, Kirby. 5. Oraphra, Leach East Indies Gal. Hirta, Fabricius. 6. Pleuracanthus, Gray Brazils PI. Sulcipennis, Gray. 7. Helluomorplia, Lap. Brazils Hel. Heros, Laporte. True Helluo belongs to New Holland, the East Indian sub-genera are allied to it ; there is a pro- bability that the sexes of some of these genera, when better known, will lead us to a more accurate grouping than can at present be done. Helluo- morpha of the New World will eventually be sub- divided into several sub-genera. For an account of the characters of Enigma, Vid. Ent. Mag. fifteenth part, page 449, where the details are published by Mr. Newman. Ill Po ( ; o N T D .1', , Kit -hif . Genera. Counlri/. Typical Species. c Pogonus, Ziegler. ■ > Rajitof, Megerle England P. BurrcUii, Haworth, ^ i Caidiaderiis, D. J. "■ \ Daptus, Fischer Siberia C. Cliloroticiis, Gebler. 3. Melanotus, De Jecvi Buenos Ayres M . Flavipes, DeJeav. 4. Oiiiphieus, De Jean Montenegro 0. Morio, Pareyss. a. Steiiomorphus, D.J. Caitliiigciia S. Angustatns, Be Jean. The next family (which was purposely omitted) is the Trigonotomidso of Laporte ; as no insects men- tioned by Fabricius can with any certainty be as- cribed to that family, excepting probably some of the exotic Paecili, I deferred introducing them till the present moment. In my remarks on the Thaliada; (Feroniadae olim), I merely alluded to Myas and some few genera which have been classed under the family Trigonotomid.t:, Laporte. Genera. Country. Typical Species. 1. Myas, Ziegler Hungary M Chalybeus, Ziegler. 2. Lesticus, De Jean Java L. Janthinus, De Haan. 3 Trigonotoma, D. J. Java 0. Viridieollis, MacLcay. 4. Catadromus,i)/.Z,. Java C. Tenebrioides, Olivier. 5. Euchioa, Brulle Unknown E. NitidicoUis, Brulle. G. ^ Microccphalus, D.J. ^ Cynthia, Latreille Brazils M DepressicoUis, DeJenn. 7- Microcheila, Brulle Madagascar M Picea, Brulle. 8. Distrigus, De Jean East Indies D. 2-pustulatus, Brulle. U. Abacctus, De Jean Senegal D Crenulatus, De Jean, 10 Drimostoma, Bridle Cayenne D fuscipes, Brulle. Such are the genera given by M. M. Audouin, Bnille, and Laporte. As to Myas it is quite out of place, nor do 1 know where at present it should be located. The affinity of ThaliadiB with the pre- sent family is seen at once, by connecting Trigono- toma with Poecilus ; the former genus may be re- garded in the East as representing in those coun- tries, what Poecilus does in our northern climes. The two remaining genera which have been omitted are Colpodes and Mormolyce. The formci^ is closely allied to Anchomenus : for a figure refer to the Annulosa Javanica. As to the latter my opinion has formerly been stated in my observations on the Indian Fauna, published by Dr. Royle ; instead of placing it with the Sphrodidje, as Latreille has done, I locate it near Agra. If we take away the greatly dilated wings, in thorax and in form it re- sembles that genus ; moreover I believe it to be a vegetable feeder, and that it lives under bark of trees, has, I believe, already been ascertained. In concluding my observations on the Caraboidea I am willing to allow that the group, as to variety of form, is one of the most interesting that can en- gage our attention. In numbers they are inferior to the Lamcllicorns, in elegance they cannot be compared with the Cicindelidse, and in beauty and 113 splendour they must yield to the rich metallic Bu- prestidse. If we look to more important ends, viz. the actual benefit derived from groups of insects, and then contrast the Caraboidea with the Lamellicorns, Entomologists, at least, if not others, will allow the superiority of the latter. As to the grouping of the families, I by no means consider them satisfactory ; it has been my endeavour to place before the reader what has been done, and, as far as the extent of my private library goes, the modern genera have been weeded out of many volumes, and incorporated in this Manual. If some of the various sub -divisions turn out to be in accordance with nature, my time has not altogether been thrown away. If others prove erroneous, and these errors should induce others to pay attention to isolated groups, and reconstruct them more accurately, I shall equally also not have written in vain. 11.5 DYTISCUS, LiNNEus. DYTICUS, Geoffroy. HYDROPHILID^ and DYTICID^, Leach. Linnean Species. Country. Genera of Authors. 1. Piceus England Hydrous, Linneus, MSS. 2. Caraboides England Hydropliilus, Auctorum. 3. Searabaeoides England Hydroblus, Leach. 4. Fuscipes England Hydrobius, Leach. 5. Luridus England Berosus, Germar. 6. Latissimus Germany Dyticus, Geoffroy. 7. Marginalis England Dyticus, Geoffroy. 8. Semistriatus England 9. Striatus England Colymbetes, Clairville. 10. Fuscus England Colymbetes, Clairville. 11. Ciriereus England Grapboderus, Eschscholtz. 12. Sticticus Barbary Eunectes, Erichson. 13. Sulcatus England Acilius, Leach. 14. Erythrocephalus England Hydroporus, Clairville. 15. Maculatus England Necticus, Hope. 16. Feri'ugineus England Haliplus, Latreillc. 17. Bipustulatus England Necticus, Hope. 18. Ovatus England Plyphldrus, Illiger. 19. Palustris England Hydroporus, Clairville. 20. Uliginosus England JVecticus, Hope. 21. Bimaculatus France Phaleria, Latreille. 22. Granularis England Hydroporus, Clairville. 23. Miiiutus England Laccophilus, Leach. 1. Natator 2. Americanus GYRINUS, Linneus. England N. America Gyrinus, Auctorum. Cyclous, Esclischoltz. I "i 116 HYDROPHILUS, Fabricius. HYDROPHILID^, Leach. Fabrician Species. 1. Emarginatus 2. Piceus 3. Ater 4. Olivaceus 5. Caraboides 6. Ellipticus 7. Lateralis 8. Abbrcviatus 9. Rufipes 10. Scavabaeoides 11. Picipes 12. Orbicularis 13. Subrotundus 14. Bicolor 15. Collaris 16. Testaceus 17. Undatus 18. Erjthrocephalus 19. Hajmorrlioidalis 20. Marginelliis 21. Attenuatus 22. Obscurus 23. Luridus 24. Melanocephalus 25. Griseus 26. Striatulus 27. 2-punctatus 28. Minutus 29. Pygmseus 30. Nigriceps 31. Truncatellus Country. England England S. America Coromandel England Guinea S. America S. America Sumatra England England Germany America England S. America England S. America Europe ? Germany Germany East Indies England England England Saxony Germany England England American Isles East Indies Denmark Genera of Authors. Spercheus, Fabricius. Hydrous, Linneus. Hydrophilus, Fab. Hydrophilus? Tropisternus, Solier. Hydrous ? Linneus. Hydrophilus, Leach. Hydrobius, Leach. Cselostoma, Bridle. Hydrobius ? Philhydrus, Solier. Hydrophilus, Fab. Hydrobius, Leach ! Berosus, Leach. Hydrobius ? Leach, Cercyon, Leach. Philhydrus, Solier? Hydrobius, Leach. Cercyon, Leach. Berosus, Gerniar. Philhydrus, Solier. Hydrobius, Leach. Laccobius, Erichson. Philhydrus^ Solier. Hydrobius? Leach. Hydrobius? Leach. Limnebius, Leach, 1. Ilermanni 2. Gibba 3. Ovalis 4. Scrlpta (HYDRACHNA,) Fabricius. England England England East Indies Pselobius, Sehonherr. Hyphidrus, IlUger, Ilyphidrus, IlUger. Hyphidrus, IlUger. 117 DYTISCUS, Fabuicius. DYTICID^, Leach. DYTICOIDEA, Hope. Fabrician SpecifS. Country. Genera of Aidhnrs. 1. Latissimus Germany Dyticus, Geojfroy. 2. Limbatus East Indies Cybister, Cio'tis. 3. Marginalis England Dyticus, Geoffrey. 4. Circumflesus Tangier? 6. Punctulatus England 6. Immarginatus Senegal Cybister, Curtis. 7. Roeselii France 8. Atratus Isles of the Pacific Cybister? 9. Costalis Surinam Cybister, Curtis. 10. Lateralis Tranquebar Cybister, Curtis. 11. Lsevigatus S. America 12. Latus S. America Cybister ? 13. Ruficollis Siam Hydaticus, Leach. 14. Sulcatus England Acilius, Leach. 15. Fasciatus East Indies Hydaticus, Leach. 16. Striatus England Colymbetes, Clairville. 17. Fuse us England Colymbetes, Clairville. 18. Lanio Madeira Meladema, Laporte. 19. Cicur P. B. S. Colymbetes, Clairville. 20. Vittatus East Indies Graphoderus, Eschsclioltz. 21. Cinereus Germany Acilius, Leach. 22. Zonatus Germany Graphoderus, Eschscholtz. 23. Unifasciatus Guinea Eunectes? Erichson. 24, Sticticus S. Africa Euncctes, Erichson. 25. Griseus East Indies 26. 10-punctatus New Holland Colymbetes, Clairville. 27. Fiiliginosus Germany Ilybius, Erichson. 28. Carbonarius England Necticus, Hope. 29. Uipustulatus Holland Necticus, Hope. 30. ductus America Colymbetes ? 31. 2-punctatus Germany Necticus, Hope. 32. Fcnestratus England Ilybius, Erichson . 33. Atcr England Ilybius, Erichson. 34. Lacnstris Germany Ilybius, Erichson. 35. Hybucri England Hydaticus, Lcnvli- 118 Fabrician Species. Country. Genera of Authors- 36. Nitidus Germany Necticus ? Hope. 37. Stagnalis England Hydaticus, Leach. 38. Transversalis England Hydaticus, Leach. 39. Calidus S. America JVecticus, Hope 1 40. Abbreviatus England Necticus, Hope. 41. Ulliginosus Germany Necticus, Hope. 42. Paludosus England Necticus, Hope. 43. IiTOratws America Necticus ? 44. Agilis England Rantus, Boisduval. 45. Maculatus England Necticus, Hope. 46. Biunneus Tangiers Necticus, Hope. 47. Erythrocephalus England Hydroporus, Clairville. 48. Varius Sumatra Necticus ? Hope. 49. Interrogatus Carolina Coptotomus, Say. 50. Notatus England Rantus, Boisduval. 51. Adspersus England Rantus, Boisduval. 52. Haemorrhoidalis Germany Rantus? 53. Bicolor Guinea Colymbetes ? Clairville. 54. Posticatus American Isles Copelatus, Erichson. 55. Planus England Hydroporus, Clairville. 56. Depressus Switzerland ril Dorsalis 6-pustulatus England England 58. 59. 60. Falusti'is Ovatus England Europe 61. Picipes Germany 62, Lituratus Italy 63. Signatus Patagonia Rantus, Boisduval ? 64. 12-pustulatus England Hydroporus, Clairville. 65. 8-pustulatus Switzerland Hydroporus ? 66. Halensis Germany Hydroporus, Clairville. 67. Granularis England 68. Confluens England Hygrotus, Stephens. 69. Obliquus Kiel Haliplus, Latreille. 70. Fulvus England Haliplus, Latreille. 71. Impressus Paris Haliplus, Latreille. 72. Semi-punctatiis Europe Noterus, Clairville. 73. Crux Italy Hygrotus, Stephens 1 74. Arcuatus Germany Hygrotus, Stephens. 75. Geminus Saxony Hydroporus, Clairville. 76. Lincatiis Germany 119 Fabridan Species. 77. Intequalis 78. Minutus 79. Pygmaeus 80. Reticiilatus 81. Crassicornis 82. Flavipes 83. Pictus 84. Nigrita 85. Pusillus 86. Parvulus Country. Genera of Authors. England Hygrotus, Stephens. England Laccophilus, Leach. Denmark Hydroporus, Clairville. England Hygrotus, Stephens. Germany Noterus, Clairville. England Hydroporus, Clairville. Germany Hygrotus, Stephens. England Hydroporus, Clairville. Italy Hydroporus, Clairville. Denmark Hygrotus, Stephens 7 GYRINUS of LiNNEus and Fabricius. GYRINID^, Leach. 1. Natator 2. Bicolor 3. Australis 4. Americauus 5. Micans 6. Premorsus 7. Hastatus 8. Spinosus 9. Striatus 10. Minutus 11. Nitidulus 12. Strigosus 13. Rufipes 14. Villosus England Switzerland New Holland N. America Guinea Sierra Leone American Isles Coromandel Barbary England East Indies New Holland New Holland Germany Gyrinus oj" Authors. Enhydrus, Laporte. Euhydrus ? Dineutes, MacLeay. Dineutes ? Dineutes, MacLeay. Gyrinus of Authors. Gyrinus? Gyrinus, Linneus. Potamobius, Leach. 1. Aquaticus 2. Nubilus 3. Elongatus 4. Humeralis 5. Flavipes 6. Crenatus 7. Pygmaeus 8. Minimus ELOPHORUS, Fabricius. HELOPHORID.^, Leach. England Germany England Germany Switzerland England England England Hclophorus of A uthors. Hydrochus, Gennar. Helophorus ? Helophorus, of Authors. Hydrochus, Gennar. Oclithebius, Leach. Hydraena, Kuyellu 'lun. 120 PARNUS, Fabricius. Fabrician Species. Country. Genera of Authors. 1. Prolifeeornis 2. Acuminatus 3. Obscurus England Saxony Germany Parnus, Fabricius. Potamophilus, Germar. Parnus, Fabricius. 1. Marginatus 2. Dubius 3. Lssvigatus HETEROCERUS, Fabricius. England Tranquebar Geniianv Heterocerus of Authors. Heterocerus ? Heterocerus, of Authors. SPHiERIDIUM, Fabricius, 1. Scarabseoides 2. Lunatum 3. 2-pustulatum 4. Marginatum 5. Glabratum 6. Abdominale 7. 5-maculatum 8. Dytiscoides 9. Fasciculare 10. Colon 11. Globus 12. Luteum 13. Obscurum 14. Rufipes 15. Anale 16. Nitiduhim 17. Flavum 18. Atomarium 19. Melanocephalum 20. Lugubre 21 . Stercorcum 22. }Ia;morrIioidiile 23. Flavipes 24. Unipunctatum England Germany Denmark Saxony Madeira American Isles East Indies St. Helena England Sweden Paris Sweden S. America S. .America S. America S. America S. America England I Europe Paris 1 (ierniany ! England England England SphsEridium of Authors. Sphseridium ? Cyclonotum, Erlchson. Sphseridium, Fabricius. Hydrobius ? Nosodendron, Latreille. Strongylus, Herbst. Agathidium, IlUger. Campta, Kirby. Cercyon, Leach 1 Cereyon, Leach. Cercyon ? Cercyon, Leach. 12i Fubnciaii Species. 25. Llmbatum 26. Ruficolle 27. Fimetarium 28. Testaceum 29. ^neum 30. Minutum 31. Pulicarium 32. Wintheriffi Country. Germany Saxony Europe American Isles Germany England France Unknown Genera of Authors. Hydrobius, Leach. Phalacrus, Paykull 1 Cercyon ? Phalacrus, Paykull. Cercyon, Leach. Catheretes, Herbst. Unknown. ANISOTOMA, Fabricius. 1. 2. 3. Ferruginea Humeral is Bicolor Denmark Styria Saxony Anisotoma, 1 ^abridu Phalacrus, Paykull. 4. Nigripennis Germany Agathidium, Illiger 5. Seminulum England Agathidium. REMARKS AND OBSERVATIONS LINNEAN AQUATIC COLEOPTERA. LiNNEUs and Fabricius very properly threw together the Aquatic groups, and certainly did not in the present instance so outrageously violate the Natural System, as later writers have sub- sequently done by their artificial arrangements. Fabricius, by means of the genus Scolytus, (now the Omophron of Latreille) passes from the Caraboidea to the Aquatics, and if we regard the habits of that genus, and compare the form of it with Haliplus or even with Paelobius, we shall with difficulty find another genus, which so satis- factorily connects the above groups. Other links might be mentioned, which will be found in the various opinions recorded by Entomologists, but the above is sufficient for our purpose, and we therefore proceed to remark on the two grand 124. divisions into which the Aquatic Beetles may be divided ; namely, the Hydradephaga of MacLeay, and the Rypophaga of Stephens. The Gyronecha of Kirby, comprising under that denomination the Whirl Beetles, or Waltzing Beetles, (Gyrinidse, Leach) appear to be altogether a distinct group, and will be treated as such ; instead of therefore dilating at present on the Aquatics generally, it will be better to remark on them separately as they occur in the respective works of Linneus and Fabricius, merely premising that out of twenty- three species published by the former writer, under the term of Dytiscus, these have been subdivided by later authors into fifteen genera. Dytiscus, Linneus. 8p. 1. Piceus. — Now an Hydrous of Leach, and of the family of the Hydrophilidse of the same Author ; the following genera belong to it, viz. 1^25 Philydrida, MacLeay. Hydrophilid^, Leach. Hydrophiloidea, Hope. Genera. Country, Typical Species. 1. Hydrous, Linneus England D. I'ieeus, Linneus. 2. ^ Hydroclmris, Lat. (. Hyrtrophilus of Authors England D. Caraboides, Li7in. 3. Philhydrus, Solier Europe Hyd. bicolor. Fab. 4. Hydrobius, Leach England Hyd. fuscipes, Linneus. 5. Tropisterniis, Solier Mexico Hyd. lateralis. Fab. 6. Sternolophus, Solier Egypt Hyd. Rufipes, Solier. 7. Volvulus, BruUe Mauritius Hyd. inflatus, Brulle. 8. Berosus, Leach England Dyt. luridus, Linneus. 9. Euoplurus, Hope East Indies Ber. Orientalis, Hope. 10. Spercheus, Fabricius England Hyd. emarginatus, Fab. 11. Limnebius, Leach England Hyd. truncatellus, Fab. 12 i Chsetartliria, Water. f Cyllidium, .Erichsov England Hyd. Seminulum, Payhull. 1. Hydrous, Linneus. The species of this genus are much more nume- rous than Entomologists are aware of, and from the notes contained in my Journal I find, at least, seventy species have fallen under my notice ; they seem to be naturally divisible into three sub-genera, 1st. into true Hydrous, which has the wings rounded at the apex and spineless. 2nd. Those species which have the sutural apex of the elytra more or less spined, to which I give the name of 126 Mesocanthicus, from /xeaoy and aKauOiKOf, spinosus, and the last sub-genus has the apex of the elytra conspicuously marked by four spines, and is con- sequently named Tetracanthicus. Three species in my collection are from Tropical Africa, it will also probably occur in the warmer parts of Asia. The two former genera seem widely dispersed throughout the world, inhabiting both the Old and New Continent. I possess among my aquatics three species of Hydrous belonging to Australia. The above insects weave a sort of coccoon, in which the ova are deposited ; as to substance it appears to combine the paper of the Wasp, with the silk of the Bombyx, when submerged beneath the water for many hours the coccoon remains nearly unaltered by the moisture, a secretion produced by the insect probably resists the action of water upon it. 2. Hydrophilus of Authors. Sp. 2. Caraboides. — For figures of the Coccoon and Larvae of Hydrous and Hydrophilus, the student may consult Rosel's Insect. Belust. Vol. 2. Tab. 41 ; and also Mr. Westwood's Introduction to the Modern Classification of Insects, Vid. Part 3. p. 121. fig. 8, &c. 1-27 3. Philhydrus, Solier. For the generic characters of the above genus, the reader is referred to M. M. Audouin and Brulle's Hist. Nat. des Insectes, Vol. 2. p. 276. Syst. Eleuth. p. 252. and also to Gyllenhall's Insecta Suecica. 4. Hydrobius, Leach. For an account of the species peculiar to Eng- land, the student may consult with advantage the Illustrations of British Entomology by Mr. Stephens, as well as the writings of Marsh am and Dr. Leach. By Fabricius, Solier, Audouin and Brulle, some exotics are also mentioned. 5. Tropisternus, Solier. The insects belonging to the above genus seem peculiar to the New World. Vid. Solier Annales de la Soc. Ent. de France. 6. Sternolophus, Solier. This form appears, as far as is known at present, to be peculiar to Africa, occurring in Egypt, Nubia, and Senegal. Vid. Annales de la Soc. Entom. de France, t. 3. p. 311. 128 7- Volvulus, Brulle. I suggest the adoption of a new term, instead of Volvulus, as Latin generic names ought not to be adopted. This exotic form is from the Island of Mauritius, a second species has occurred at Ceylon. Vid. Audouin and Brulle, Vol. 2. p. 282. 8. Berosus, Leach. The species of Berosus are numerous, those which have the wings at the apex armed with spines, I have detached under the name of Eno- plurus. For references consult the works of Messrs. Stephens and Curtis, and the Annulosa Javanica, by Mr. MacLeay, page 35. 9. Enoplurus, Hope. In my collection there are several species which have the extremity of the wings armed with spines, they seem to be widely spread, occurring in Africa, Asia, and Europe. One species was discovered by Mr. Rudd at Lymington in Hampshire, and is probably the same as Berosus spinosus of Ahrens. 1'29 10. Sperciieus, Fabricius. M. M. Audouin and Brullc place this genus along with the Helophovida3. I am, however, still inclined to rank it with the Hydrophilidai ; and of this opinion Mr. MacLeay appears to be, as well as Mr. Stephens. By the former writer a second species, named Sp. platycephalus, is described from Java, it seems however to deviate from the type ; a third has fallen under my inspection from Sierra Leone. Since writing the above, Mr. Westwood, I find, considers this genus as the connecting link between the Hydrophilida^ and HelophoridaB, Vid. part 3, page 122, of the Introduction to the Modern Classification of Insects, for further observations on these singularly formed aquatics. 11. LiMNEBius, Leach. This genus was established by Dr. Leach to in- clude several minute Hydrophilidae ; they approach in form and habits some of the Hydrobii as well as the Helophorida). There are nine species re- corded by Mr. Stephens in his Illustrations of British EntomoWv. 130 12. Ch^tarthria, Waterhoiise. Hydropliilus Seminulum of Paykull is the type of this genus, which was first separated from Hy- drohius by the above writer ; Erichson, in the Kafer den Mark Brandenburg, has given the generic name of Cyllidium to the same species ; the latter name of course falls. Vid. page 211 of the last quoted work for the generic details, &c. &c. LINNEAN AQ\JATIC^— continued. Sp. 6. Latissimus. — Now a Dyticus, and the type of the genus. The following families, according to my views, belong to the Dyticoidea, viz. Haliplidae, Dyticidae, and GyrinidsB ; the genera belonging to the family of DyticidsB are as follows : 131 Dyticid.e, Leach. Genera. Country. Typical Species. \. Dyticiis, Linneus France D. Latissimus, Linneus. 2. Leionotus, Kirhy England D. Conformis, Stephens. f Cybistor, Curtis 3,/ Tragus, Leach (Trochalus, EsclischoUz 4. Hyderodes, Hope England Roeselii, Fahricius. New Holland Ilyd. Sliuckardii, Hope. 5. Acilius, Leach England Dyt. sulcatus, Linneus. ( Eunectes, Erichson { Nogriis, Eschscholtz East Indies Dyt. griseus, Fubricius. 7. Grapliodeius, Esch. France D. Cinereus. Linneus, 8. Hydaticus, Leach England Hybneri, Fabricius. 9. Agabus, Leach England D. Serricornis, Pay hull. 10. Ilybius, Erichson France D. Ater, Fabricius. 11. Meladema, Laportc Gallia Merid. D. Coriacea, Hoffnianscgij. 12. Rautus, Eschscholtz England D. Pulvcrosus, Knoch. 13. Liopterus, Eschscholtz England D. Oblongus, lUhjer. 14. Colymbetes, Clairville England D. Striatus, Linneus. 15. Necticus. Hope England D. Bipustulatus, Linneus. 16. Copelatus, Erichson Brazils D. Posticatus, Fabricius. To the above sixteen genera, others might be added on investigating the tropical species, which have been comparatively neglected. The genus Thermonectus of Eschscholtz seems peculiar to the New World, as the characters are unpublished, and the type of the genus is only a manuscript name, I consequently pass it over. The remarks on the above genera will appear under the difFerenf. names as they occur in the Fabrician Tables, K 2 132 LINNEAN SFECIFS— continued: Sp. 16. Ferrugineus. — Now an Haliplus, and one of the genera composing the family of Haliplid^e, Hope. Genera. Country. Typical Species. 1. Haliplus, Latrielle England Dyt. elevatus, Panzer. 2. Cneniidotus, Erichson Austria Dyt. Ca3sus, Diiftschmid. 3. j" Pselobius, Schon. England Dyt. Hermann i, Linneus. \ Hygrobia, Clairville 4. Hyi^hidrus, Illiger England Dyt. Ovatus, Linneus. 5. Plygrotus, Stephens England Hyd. Fluviatilis, Leach. 6. Hydroporus, Clairville France Dyt. 12-pustulatus, Fab. 7. Noterus, Clairville Switzerland Dyt. Crassicornis, Fab. 8. Laccophilus, Leach England Dyt. Minutus, Limieus. 9. Hydi'oporomorpha, Bab. Rio Janeiro H. parallelus, Babington. 10. Anodocheilus, Bub. Rio Janeiro A. Maeulatus, Babington. 11. Desmopachrius, Bab. Rio Janeiro D. Nitidus, Babington. The three last genera will appear in the Ento- mological Transactions of London. The types are deposited in the collection of that Society by the liberality of Mr. Charles Darwin of Shrewsbury. In a paper read before the Entomological Society of London (now on the eve of publication), the de- tails will be given at length by Mr. Babington of Cambridge. 133 Sp. 18. Ovatus. — Now of the genus Hyphidrus of Illiger ; the species are few in number, not more than ten appearing in our European Cabinets ; hitherto I believe it has not been found in the New World, it may however be expected to occur there ; its geographical range extends over Europe and Asia, and some of the African isles. I am not aware of any known species having been obtained from the African Continent. Sp. 21. Bimaculatus. — This insect, Ifind, on refe- rence to the Linnean Cabinet, is only a variety of Phaleria Cadaverina. Gyrinus, Linneus. As only two species are recorded in the Systema Naturae of Linneus. I shall defer my remarks on the genera and species till wo come to the Fabrician Gyrinidaj. REMARKis FABRICIAN AQUATICS. Hydrophilus, Fabricius, Hydrophild^, Leach. Hydrophiloidea, Hope. Sp. 1. Emarginatus. — Now of the genus Sper- cheus Fab. For the Table of Genera belongmg to the HydrophilidaB refer to a former page, at the commencement of the Linnean Aquatics, the genus Spercheus, by M. M. Audouin and Brullc, is considered as belonging properly to the Helopho- ridse. I retain it, however, among the Hydrophilidae, as I never found it out of water, and have my doubts if it can exist long out of that element, which is no uncommon case with some of the spe- cies of Helophoridse. Mr. Westwood is of opinion that it may be considered as a connecting link of the two families. Sp. 4. Caraboides. — Now an Hydrophilus of Authors. By some writers the term liydrocharus is applied to it. If we retain Hydrous as n 135 generic name tor the larger species of the Hydro- philidaj, it is better not to abandon the Fabrician name of Hydrophilus. The grand difference be- tween Hydrous and Hydrophilus is the prosternum, which in the former is produced, in the latter it is not so. With respect to the species named Cara- boides, it is not unusual to meet with it in a crippled state. I possess in my collection a remarkable monstrosity, and have occasionally seen others ; when recently captured they smell like Spanish liquorice. Sp. 5. Ellipticus. — As I am unacquainted with this species, I give it as an Hydrophilus with a doubt, as it is compared by Fabricius with Cara- boides. Sp. 7. Ahhreviatus. — Evidently not a Tropister- nus, as the sternum is abbreviated. Sp.