F5 tJOUQLAS LifeRARy Presented by L. MACKAY SMITH ESTATE May 1983 Queens University at Kingston Sheens University at Kingston COLLECTION OF THE PRODUCTS OF THE WATERS AND FORESTS OP LOWER CANADA COLLECTED AND ORDERED FOR THE UNIVERSAL EXHIBITION OF LONDON, YEAR 1862. MONTREAL : PRINTED BY M. LONGMOORE & CO , MONTREAL GAZETTE STEAM PRESS. 1862. COMMISSIONERS CHARGED WITH THE PREPARATION OF THE CANADIAN EXHIBITION. SIR W. E. LOGAN, F. R. S. (Director of the Geological Survey) President. HON. L. V. SICOTTE, M. P. P., St. Hyacinthe, (President of the Board of Agriculture, C. E.) COL. THOMSON, Toronto, (President of the Board of Agriculture, C. W.) J. BEATTY, Junior, M. D., Cobourg, (President of the Board of Arts and Manu- factures, C. W.) J. C. TACHE, Quebec. B. CHAMBERLIN, B. C. L„ Montreal, (Secretary of the Board of Arts and Manufactures, C. E.) J. B. HURLBURT, LL.D., Hamilton. SHARE OF LABOR. The Commission, at a meeting held at the beginning of last December, divided the labor as follows among its members : Sir William Logan — To collect the mineral productions of Canada. Hon. L. V. Sicotte — " agricultural products of Lower Canada. Col. Thomson — « « of Upper Canada. Dr. Beatty — " manufactured articles of Upper Canada. Mr. Chamberlin — " « of Lower Canada. Mr. Tache" — ■ « productions of the waters and forests of Lower Canada. Dr. Hurlburt — " productions of the waters and forests of Upper Canada. COLLECTION OF THE PRODUCTS OF THE WATERS AND FORESTS OF LOWER CANADA. REPORT OF MR. TAOHE. As soon as I was directed, by the Canadian Commission, to prepare the collec- tion of the productions of the waters and forests of Lower Canada, I studied the best plan of rendering this collection as complete as possible. I say as complete as possible ; because it is easy to understand that in the winter months, and in the short space of time which occurs between the months of December and February, it is a matter of impossibility to make such a collection complete. Nevertheless, thanks to the intelligent activity of the fellow-laborers that I associated myself with in this work, I am certain that this collection will be, when taken as a whole, the most ample one yet exhibited. (The whole of this has reference but to natural productions, the only ones which the Canadian Government wished to take under its own superintendence.) I have divided this collection into six heads, viz. : — 1 ° . Specimens of trees and forest shrubs, with specimens of branches, leaves and flowers, prepared for study. 2 ° . Specimens of commercial woods, in the usual market form. — 4 — 3 ° . Specimens of the natural productions of the waters and forests employed \a the arts and in pharmacy. 4 ° . Specimens of the most useful species of fish in a preserved state. 5 ° . Specimens of productions derived from cetacea and fish. 6 ° . Specimens of the principal furs of the wild animals of Lower Canada. The exhibition of the woods for study is composed of specimens collected at dilVerent points of Lower Canada, as follows : 1 ° . Collection made at St. Joachim, in the neighbourhood of Quebec, the geo- graphic centre of Lower Canada, latitude 47°, about 130 leagues from the sea. This collection, which serves as a basis to all the exhibition of the trees and shrubs of Lower Canada, is composed of 66 specimens of woods, to which are added specimens of branches, leaves and flowers. For this first collection we are indebted to the Abb6 Provancher, cure of St. Joachim, who has been kind enough to place at my service his botanical knowledge, his labor and his herbarium. 2 ° . Collection of 54 specimens of wood obtained in the County of St. John, Iat. 45°, the southern extremity of Lower Canada, about 200 leagues from the sea, by Mr. F. X. Prieur. 3 ° . Collection of 31 specimens of wood obtained at Rimouski, Iat. 48°, about 80 leagues from the Gulf of the St. Lawrence, and on the banks of the salt waters of the lower part of the river, by Mr. J. B. Lepage. 4 ° . Collection of 48 specimens of woods obtained in the County of St. Maurice, canton of Chauouingan, latitude 46° 30', about 170 leagues from the sea,, by Dr. Dubord. 5° . Collection of 41 specimens of woods, obtained in the County of Ottawa, on the Gatineau river, Iat. 45° 30', about 220 leagues from the sea, by Mr. L. M. Coutlee. 6 ° . Collection of 35 specimens of woods, obtained in the County of Chicoutimi, Iat. 48° 30', about 100 leagues from the sea, by Mr. D. IVice. The whole of this collection comprises, in all, seventy-four distinct species and varieties, which are nearly all to be met with, more or less abundantly, over the whole surface of Lower Canada, with the exception of the extreme North. The peculiarities of the Canadian forests have submitted to, and still do submit to, geographical progressive changes very interesting to study. We may remark how whole localities have seen the nature of their forest trees completely change ; it is thus that in reading the ancient annals of the country we meet with perfectly cir- cumstantial descriptions, which no longer answer to the woodland peculiarities of the same places. Among the causes of these changes are to be reckoned fires in the woods, accidents in water courses, and, in level places of comparatively little extent, inundations caused by the labors of the beaver tribes. T think that the whole num- ber of species and varieties of trees and shrubs in Lower Canada amounts to about eighty ; there will, therefore, be wanting from seven to ten species and varieties to make that collection complete. I have had all these specimens prepared so as to show the wood covered with its bark, and in longitudinal, transverse, and oblique sections. I have had prepared, with particular care, 74 specimens, which may serve as a " point de depart " for comparative studies. I have thought it best to preserve these specimens whole, to divide them into two longitudinal sections, by a simple saw-cut through the centre, re-uniting the two semi-cylinders by little brass hinges. The specimens of the same species and variety bear the same number in order, and the collection of each exhibitor is distinguished by the color of the little paper marked with the number as thereon in the following catalogue. T do not warrant perfect absence of error in this classification of the species and varieties of the woods of our vast Canadian forests. Botanical studies are, in our young country, in their infancy, but there is reason to hope that, in a few years, they will have made great strides. Let me in this respect be allowed to mention the labors of the Abbe Brunet, Professor of Botany in Laval University, now travelling in Europe for the prosecution and development of this peculiar study, and those of the Abbe Provancher, (one of the exhibitors of this collection,) who has now in the press a work on Canadian Flora, which will be the most considerable work of Natural Science in Canada which has been seen. The collection of commercial woods is from two exhibitors, — Messrs. Duncan> Patton & Co., exhibiting a full collection of Canadian market timber, and Mr. G. Gingras, of Quebec, exhibiting some choice specimens of sawn wood. The beautiful exhibited collection of Messrs. Duncan, Patton & Co. has been arranged under the care of Mr. W. Quinn, Superintendent of Wood Inspectors of the port of Quebec, and by Mr. F. E. Verrault, Inspector of Wood at Point Levi. Messrs. Turgeon and Ouellet, of Quebec, are exhibitors of preserved fish. Mr. C. H. Tetu, of River Ouelle, is an exhibitor of skins and oils of the cetacea and fish of the lower part of the river. Mr. Olivier Giroux, Druggist at Quebec, exhibits vegetable and animal productions in use in the arts and pharmacy. Mr. O. Cote exhibits nineteen specimens of furs of animals of Lower Canada. All these gentlemen have accepted with pleasure, and executed with zeal and intelligence, the share of labor which I begged them to furnish toward the accom- plishment of my task. The distance, the short time, the season, and the difficulties of intercommunication have not allowed either these gentlemen or myself to do all that we should have desired. The details of objects exhibited by each will be found further on. Classification of Species and Varieties of Woods, forming part of the Collection of the Products of the Waters and Forests of Loiver Canada. TJLIACECK. 1. Lime Tree or Basswood. — Tilia amcn.cn na, Linnceus. — Tilia Canaden- sis, Michaux. — 6 — ACERINECE. 2. Sugar Maple. — Acer saccharinum, Linnoeus. 3. Bird's Eye Maple. — Acer saccharinum, Linnoeus. 4<. Swamp Maple. — Acer rubrum, Michaux. — Acer ylaucum, Marshall. 5. Curly Maple. — Glaucum. 6. Striped Maple. — Acer striatum, Lambert. — Acer Canadensis, DuhameL 7. Mountain Maple. — Acer spicatum, Lambert. — Acer montanum, Aiton. 8. Soft Maple — Acer dasycarpum, Ehrhart. AMPELIDECE. 9. Winter Grape Vine. — Vitis Riparia, Michaux. — odoratissima, Don* ZANTHOXILECE. 10. Prickly Ash. — Zanthoxylum fraxineum Willdenow. ILICINECE. 11. Canadian Holly. — Nemopa?ithes Canadensis, de Candolle. — Ilex Cana- densis, Michaux. ANACARDIACECE. 12. Sumach. — Rhus typhina, Linnceus — Rhus Canadense, Miller r AMYGDALEGE. 13. Wild Yellow Plum. — Prunus americana, Marshall. — Prunus hy emails y Elliott. 14. Choke Cherry. — Cerasus Virginiana, De Candolle. 15. Black Cherry. — Cerasus serotina, De Candolle. 16. Red Cherry. — Cerasus Pensylvanica,Jjo\se\, RHAMNE^E. 17. Buck Thorn. — Rhamnus frangula, Linnaeus. POMACE^E. 18. Mountain Ash. — Sorbus Americana, Pursh. — Pyrus Americana, De Candolle. 1 9. Shad Berry, or June Berry. — Amelanchier Canadensis, Torrey. — Pyrus* botryajrium, Linnaeus. — Aronia botryapium, Pers. 20. Red Thorn. — Cratcegus coccinea, Linnaeus. — Glandidosa, Wild. 21. White Thorn (Dotted or Apple Thorn). — Cratcegus punctata, Jacquin. — Cratcegus latifolia, De Candolle. 22. Black Thorn. — Cratcegus tomentosa, Linnaeus. — Cratcegus pyrifolia, D« Candolle. 23. Cockspur Thorn (White Thorn).— Catcegus cms galli, Linnaeus* _7 — CORNACECE. "24. Round-leaved Cornel, or Dogwood. — Comas circinala, Linn. 25. Alternate-leaved Cornel, or Dogwood. — Coinus alternifolia, Linn. CAPRIFOLIACE^E. 26. Mountain Elder. — Sambucus pubens, Linn. 27. High Cranberry. — Viburnum opulus, Linn. US. Sweet Cranberry. — Viburnum lentago, Linn. OLEACE^E. 29. White Ash. — Fraxinus Americana, Linn. 30. Red Ash, or Rock Ash. — Fraxinus pubescens, Walter. 31. Water Ash, or Blach Ash. — Fraxinus sambucifolia, Lambert. ULMACE^E. 32. White Elm. — XJlmus Americana, Linn. 33. Red Elm or Slippery Elm. — Ulmusfulva, Linn. JUGLANDACE^E. 34. Butternut. — Juglans cinerea, Linn. — Juglans cathartica, Michaux. 35. Hickory (Bitternut). — Carya «»mra,Nuttall. — Juglans amara, Michaux. 36. Hickory (Shell Bark) Sweet Nut. — Carya tomentosa, Michaux. CUPULIFER^E. 37. White Oak. — Quercus alba, Linn. — Quercus bicolor, Wild. 38. Iron Oak (Post Oak). — Quercus stellata, Wild. 39. Red Oak. — Quercus rubra, Linn. 40. Beech. — Fagus sylvestris, Michaux. — Fagus ferruginea, Aiton. 41. Iro n Wo od . — Ostrya Virginica, Linn . 42. Hazel. — Corylus Americana, Michaux. 43. Hornbeam. — Carpinus Americana, Michaux. BETULACEiE. 44. Red Birch. — Betula lenta, Linn. 45. White Birch. — Betula excelsa, Aiton. 46. Black Birch. — Betula nigra, Linn, Aiton. 47. Canoe Birch. — Betula papyracea, Michaux. 48. Poplar-leaved Biroh. — Betula populifolia, Aiton. 49. Red Alder. — Alnus rubra, Marshall. 50. Green Alder.— Alnus viridis, De Candolle. — Alnus crispa, Michaux.— Alnus undulala, Willd. SALICE^E. 51. Bicolored Willow. — Salix discolor, Miller. 52. Grey Willow. — Salix grisea, Willd. 53. Shining Willow. — Salix lucida, Muhlenberg. — 8 — 54<. Black Willow. — Salix nigra, Marshall. — Salix ambigua, Pursh. 55. Heart-leaved Willow. — Salix cor data, Muhl. 56. American Aspen. — Populus tremuloides, Mich. 57. Large-toothed Aspen. — Populns grandidentaia, Mich. 58. Cotton Tree, or Hiver Poplar. — Pojndus Canadensis, Mich. — Popn- lus monilifera, Ait. 59. Balsam Poplar. — Populus balsamifera, Linn. CONIFERS. 60. White Pine. — Piuus strobus, Linn. 61. Yellow Pine. — Pinus mitis, Mich. 62. Red Pine. — Pinus resinosa, Aiton. 63. Scrub Pine. — Pinus rupestris, Michaux. 64. Canada Balsam, or Balsam Fir. — Abies balsamea, Marshall. 65. Double Balsam Fir. — Abies Fraseri, Lind. 66. Hemlock. — Abies Canadensis, Mich. 67. Black Spruce. — Abies nigra, Mich. 68. Black Spruce (variety). — Abies nigra, Poiret. 69. White Spruce. — Abies alba, Mich. 70. Tamarack, or American Larch. — Larix Americana, Mich. 71. White Cedar. — Thuya occidentalis, Linn. 72. Red Cedar. — Juniperus virginiana, Linn. DAPHNACEiE. 73. Leather Wood. — Dirca paiustris, Linn. CELESTRINE^E. 74. Climbing Staff Tree. — Celestris scandens, Linn. The numbers of the preceding list refer to all the specimens of woods collected for study as well as the specimens of branches, leaves and flowers. The color of the paper, as I have already said, indicates the exhibitor of the specimen and the spot whence it was obtained. In comparing the woods of the commercial portion of this collection, which bear other numbers cut in the wood (see catalogue) it will be seen which are the kinds commonly worked and used in the arts. The exhibition of London of 1851, that of Paris of 1855 especially, and the recent journey to Europe of Mr. William Quinn, Supernitendent of Wood Inspectors of the port of Quebec, sent by the Forest department of the office of the " Domaine Public," have given so much information to European commerce, as to the value of Canadian woods, that it would be useless to add anything to the preceding notes. J. C. TACHE. Quebec, March 5th, 1862. CATALOGUE OF THE COLLECTION OF THE PRODUCTS OF THE WOODS AM FORESTS OF LOWER CANADA. WOOD FOR STUDY. j^ The Abbe* ProvancheRj Cure of the Parish of St. Joachim, exhibits the following specimens of woods, with branches, leaves and flowers. (The numbers of this exhibitor's articles are printed on white paper.) Specimens of Woods. — 1, Basswood. 2, Sugar Maple. 4, Swamp Maple. 6, Striped Maple. 7, Mountain Maple. 9, Winter Grape Vine. 11? Canadian Holly. 12, Sumack. 13, Wild Yellow Plum. 14, Choke Cherry. 15, Black Cherry. 16, Red Cherry. 18, Mountain Ash. 19, Shad Berry. 20, Red Thorn. 21, Dotted Thorn. 22, Black Thorn. 23, Cockspur Thorn. 24, Dogwood. 25, Alternate-leaved Cornel. 26, Mountain Elder. 27, High Cranberry. 28, Sweet Cran- berry. 29, White Ash. 30, Red Ash. 31, Black Ash. 32, White Elm. 33, Red Elm. 34, Butternut. 35, Hickory. 36, Shell-bark Hickory. 37, White Oak. 38, Postoak. 39, Red Oak. 40, Beech. 41, Iron Wood. 43, Hornbeam. 44, Red Birch. 45, White Birch. 46, Black Birch. 47, Canoe Birch. 48, Poplar-leaved Birch. 49, Red Alder. 50, Green Alder. 51, Bicolored Willow. 52, Grey Willow. 53, Shining Willow. 54, Black Willow. 55, Heart-leaved Willow. 56, American Aspen. 57, Large-toothed Aspen. 58, Cotton Tree. 59, Balsam Poplar. 60, White Pine. 61, Yellow Pine. 62> Red Pine. 63, Scrub Pine. 64, Canada Balsam. 65, Double Balsam Fir. 66, Hemlock. 67, Black Spruce. 68, Black Spruce. 69, White Spruce. 70, Tamarack. 71, White Cedar. 73, Leather Wood. — 10 — Specimens of Branches. — This portion of the exhibition by the Abbe Provancher comprises the same species and varieties as above mentioned, These specimens of twigs, flowers, &c, have been arranged in frames, and are ticketed with the same number as those above mentioned. Specimens of Leaves and Flowers of the following species and varieties : 1, Basswood. 2, Maple. 4, Swamp Maple. 6, Striped Maple. 7, Mountain Maple. 9, Winter Grape Vine. 11, Canadian Holly. 12, Sumach. 14, Choke Cherry. 15, Black Cherry. 16, Red Cherry. 18, Mountain Ash. 19, Shad Berry. 20, Red Thorn. 21, Dotted Thorn. 22, Black Thorn. 24, Dogwood. 27, High Cranberry. 31, Black Ash. 32, White Elm. 36, Shell-bark Hickory. 37, White Oak. 38, Post Oak. 39, Red Oak. 40, Beech. 41, Iron Wood. 42, Hazel. 43, Hornbeam. 44, Red Birch. 47, Canoe Birch. 49, Red Alder. 50, Green Alder. 51, Bicolored Willow. 53, Shining Willow. 54, Black Willow. 55, Heart-leaved Willow. 56, Aspen. 57, Large-toothed Aspen. 58, Cotton Tree. 59, Balsam Poplar. 60, White Pine. 62, Red Pine. 63, Scrub Pine. 64, Balsam Fir. 66, Hemlock. 67, Black Spruce. 70, Tamarack. 71, White Cedar. 73, Leather wood. J3 MR' F. X. Prieur, of St. Vincent de Paul, exhibits the following specimens of woods. (The numbers of this exhibitor's articles are printed on green paper). 1,' Basswood. 2, Maple. 3, Bird's-eye Maple. 4, Swamp Maple. 5, Curly Maple. 6, Striped Maple. 7, Mountain Maple. 8, Soft Maple. 10, Prickly Ash. 11, Canadian Holly. 12, Sumach. 14, Choke Cherry. 15, Black Cherry. 16, Red Cherry. 18, Mountain Ash. 22, Black Thorn. 23, White Thorn. 27, High Cranberry. 28 Sweet Cranberry. 29, White Ash. 30, Rock Ash. 31, Black Ash. 32, White Elm (two specimens). 33, Slippery Elm. 34, Butternut. 35, Hickory. 39, Red Oak (two specimens). 40, Beech (two specimens). 41 , Iron Wood (two specimens). 42, Hazel (two specimens). 43, Hornbeam. 44, Red Birch. 45, White Birch. 47, Canoe Birch. 59, Red Alder. 50, Green Alder. 51, Willow. 52, Grey Willow. 56, Aspen. 58, Cotton Wood, 60, White Pine. 64, Balsam Fir. 66, Hemlock. 67, Black Spruce. 69, White Spruce. 70, Tamarack. 71, White Cedar (two specimens, male and female). 73, Leather Wood. 74, Climbing Staff Tree. Q Mr. J. B. Lepage, of Rimouski, exhibits the following specimens of woods. (The numbers of the specimens of this exhibitor are printed on yellow paper). 2, Maple. 6, Striped Maple. 7, Mountain Maple. 8, Soft Maple. 11, Canada Holly. 14, Choke Cherry. 15, Black Cherry. 17, Black Thorn. 18, Mountain Ash. 19, Shad Berry. 37, High Cranberry. 29, White Ash. 33, Slippery Elm. 42, Hazel. 44, Red Birch. 45, — 11 — White Birch. 46, Black Birch. 47, Canoe Birch. 49, Red Alder. 53. Willow. 56, Aspen. 57, Large-toothed Aspen. 60 White Pine. 61, Yellow Pine. 62, Red Pine. 63, Scrub Pine. 64, Balsam Fir. 68, Black Spruce (two specimens). 69, White Spruce. 70, Tamarack. 71, White Cedar. J) Dr. Dubord, of Three Rivers, exhibits the following specimens of woods. (The numbers of this exhibitor are printed on pale rose colored paper.) 1, Basswood. 2, Maple. 4, Swamp Maple (two specimens). 6, Striped Maple. 7, Mountain Maple. 9, Winter Vine, 11, Canadian Holly. 14, Choke Cherry. 46, Red Cherry. 28, Sweet Cranberry (two specimens). 29, White Ash. 30, Red Ash. 31, Black Ash (three specimens). 32, White Elm. 34, Butternut. 35, Hickory (two specimens). 37, White Oak. 39, Red Oak. 40, Beech. 41, Iron Wood (two specimens). 43, Hornbeam (two Specimens). 44, R,ed Birch. 45, White Birch. 46, Black Birch. 47, Canoe Birch. 49, Red Alder (two specimens). 50, Green Alder (two specimens). 51, Willow. 53, Shining Willow. 56, Aspen. 60, White Pine. 62, Red Pine. 63, Scrub Pine. 64, Balsam Fir. 66, Hemlock. 69, White Spruce. 70, Tamarack. 71, White Cedar. 73, Leather Wood. TH Mr. Coutlee, County of Ottawa, exhibits the following specimens of woods. (The numbers are printed on blue paper). 1, Basswood. 2, Maple. 5, Curly Maple. 6, Striped Maple. 8, Soft Maple. 12, Sumach. 13, Wild Plum. 14, Choke Cherry. 15, Black Cherry. 18, Mountain Ash. 24, Dogwood. 29, White Ash. 30, Rock Ash. 31, Black Ash (two specimens). 32, White Elm. 33, Slippery Elm (two specimens). 34, Butternut. 35, Hickory. 36, Shell-bark Hickory. 37, White Oak. 39, R,ed Oak. 40, Beech. 41, Iron Wood. 43, Hornbeam. 44, Red Birch. 47, Canoe Birch. 49, Red Alder. 53, Shining Willow. 56, Aspen. 57, Large-toothed Aspen. 59, Balsam Poplar. 60, White Pine. 62, R,ed Pine. 64, Canada Balsam. 66, Hemlock. 69, White Spruce. 70, Tamarack. 71, White Cedar. 72, Red Cedar. JT Mr. David Price, of Chicoutimi, Saguenay, exhibits the following specimens of woods. (The numbers of the specimens of this exhibitor are printed on red paper.) 2, Maple. 4, Swamp Maple. 7, Mountain Maple. 11, Canada Holly. 14, Choke Cherry. 15, Black Cherry. 17, Buck Thorn. 18, Moun- tain Ash. 19, June Berry. 20, Red Thorn. 22, Black Thorn. 26, Mountain Elder. 27, High Cranberry. 29, White Ash. 31, Black Ash. 33, Slippery Elm. 42, Hazel. 44, Red Birch (two specimens). 46, Black Birch. 47, Canoe Birch. 49, R,ed Alder. 53, Shining Willow. 54, Black Willow. 55, Heart-leaved Willow. 56, Aspen. — 12 — 59, Balsam Poplar. G 4, Balsam Fir. G5, Double Balsam Fir. 68; Black Spruce. (>9, White Spruce. 70, Tamarack. 72, White Cedar (two specimens).* WOODS OF COMMERCE. (3J- Messrs. Duncan Pattqn & Company, of Quebec, Timber Merchants; exhibit Specimens of the following woods : Bass Wood or Lime Tree (TiHa Americana), Linn. White Wood (Liri- eodend'ron tulujnferd), Linn. Sugar Maple {Acer Saccharinum), Linn. Soft Maple {Acer dasycarpum), Ehrhart. Red Cherry (Cera- sus Pcrsylvamca), Loisel. White Ash (Fraxmus Americana), Linn. Red or Slippey Elm (Vlmus fulva), Michaux. Rock Elm (Ulmus Racemosa), Thomas. Butter Nut (Julians Cinerea), Linn. Hickory (Carya amard), Nuttal. Black Walnut (Juglans nigra), Linn. White Oak (Quercus alba), Linn. Beech (Fagus sylvestris), Michaux. Red Birch (Betula lenta), Linn. Button Wood (Platanus occidentalis), Linn. White Pine [two specimens] {Pinus Strobus), Linn. Red Pine (Pinus resinosa), Aiton. Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea), Marshall. Hemlock (Abies Canadensis), Michaux. White Spruce (Abies Alba), Michaux. Tamarack or American Larch (Larix Americana), Michaux. White Cedar (Thuya occidentalis), Linn. All these specimens form the collection of Canadian Export Timber. They have been collected in the Quebec market ; they are of an uniform length of six feet, by the whole scantling of the pieces from which they were taken, so giving an idea of tlie large sizes of our Timber of Commerce. To these pieces of squared Timber are added some Planks of Pine and Spruce and some Staves, making twenty more articles. With regard to their origin, these specimens belong to the different portions of Upppr and Lower Canada. The valley of the Ottawa is the spot which furnishes the largest quality of our Timber of Exportation. The White Wood, the Black Walnut and the Button Wood are but rarely found in Lower Canada, though very abundant in the southern, portion of Upper Canada.* £J Mr. George Gingras, of Quebec, exhibits the following specimens of Sawn Woods in large dimensions : Bass Wood. White Ash. Elm. Butternut, Hickory. Red Oak. Red Birch. White Pine. Yellow Pine. * From the absence of one or several species or varieties of trees from each of the separate collections of the different exhibitors, it must not be imagined that these species or varieties are absent in the locality in which such collection was made, but rather as a general rule that they are not abundant there. There is, however, one exception to this rule. The Pine is abundant in the Saguenay district, although there are no specimens of it in the collection of Mr. Price. This happens from the fact of pieces cf small dimen- sion not being procurable on the spot where operations were carried on. -13- PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS. ][ Mr. Olivier Giroux, Druggist of Quebec, exhibits the following produc- tions : — 1. Canada Balsam, gum of the Balsam Fir (No. 64- of the woods for study), 2. Spruce Oil extracted from the Black Spruce (No. 67 of the woods for study). 3. Extract of Spruce for the manufacture of Spruce Beer (No. 67). 4*. False Sarsaparilla, or Canadian Sarsaparilla (Aralia nudicaulis, Linn.) 5. Gold Thread, or Savoyanne, Coptis trifolia, Salisbury. 6. Wild Endive, Cichorium intybus, Linn. 7. Canadian Dragon's Blood, Sanguinaria Canadensis, Linn. 8. Wild Ariice Root, Anychia Canadensis, Elliot. 9. Ginseng, Panax quinquefolium, Linn. 10. Winter Green, Pyrola ombellata, Linn. 11. Capillaire, Adianthum pedatum, Linn. 12. Castoreum in its natural state. 13. Cod Liver Oil. PRESERVED FISH. •J Messrs. Turgeon and Ouellet, Merchants of Quebec, exhibit the folio i irig species and varieties of fish : 1. Smoked Salmon. 2. Salted Salmon. 3. Smoked Herring. 4t, Salted Labrador Herring. 5. Salted Herring from the Bay of Chaleurs. 6. Salted Rimouski Herring. 7. Salted Cod. 8. Salted Eel. 9. Salted Sardine. SUBSTANCES OBTAINED FROM CETACEA AND FISH. K Mr. C. H. TfiTu, of River Ouelle, County of Kamouraska, exhibits the following products : 1. Two sides of undressed skins of White Porpoise. 2. Two skins of Seal in their natural state. 3. Oil of White Porpoise. 4. Oil of Shark. 5. Cod Liver Oil. — 14 — FURS. "T j Mr. Olivier CoTfi, of Quebec, exhibits the following specimens of furs : — 1. Skin of Moose Deer, (undressed). •3. Skin of Bear. 3. Skin of Red Fox. 4. Skin of Black Martin. 5. Skin of Red Martin. 6. Skin of Beaver. 7. Skin of Pecan. 8. Skin of Racoon. 9. Skin of Mink. 10. Skin of Otter. 11. Skin of Canadian Lynx. 12. Skin of Skunk. 13. Six Skins of Musk Rats. 14*. Skin of Marmot. >"■