Cn cRNA iba tern ae top Riae iy abt vist red obe A siege SIA AN chew ease je ; : : 7 i fra — SO SOS bee! el er 4 = a Neer ", Zh yy — ~~) a ‘.-. =< ie rr |, = 7 SS =. 2 wx) = PR = ed) Ss eu GS “a = ea Ss AY EK a » > & be \ C ns fo) S 2 sy fo) one” Son Ye fo) Non pe © TSS fo) . = z = 2 = 2 _ = x 5 RARIES INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S31Y¥VYdIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN _INS S = 5 Bee 5 S 2s We Maat ° as = : wo = w — ao * ro oo — wo BK pas bE os Lys E a = 2/ ; =) =) R & F ‘s - > SA e > = a> = jo ke as SS WY [= 2) Les a . z ae 2 ba) SNe m oD m = 7) = wo ery = Ak z ba NLILSNI NVINOSHLINS SSIYVUEIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION . NOILALILSNI_ NVINOSHLIWS NOILNLILSNI_ NVINOSHLINS S3 ME NVINOSHLINS NVINOSHLIWS NVINOSHLINS SMITHSONIAN NYINOSHLIWS ~~ ~S SMITHSONIAN mARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION S3IYVYEIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN _INS Ss ULYy ES SMITHSONIAN % BP A, LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN wo -_ = 2 — Ww 2 a my = Ww Z = iy, = Pa a = a / s Ie: 2 NR Ea): Fei a Lg 7 € 4 RQ Cc fad (Sy foal id Ai = = SY" a = 5 ra zai fo) io) aN = oO aes fo} ay oa 2 ey Zz ay 2 ALIZASNI NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYEIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS $3 ie e z fai S is 2 7 x z ear NCQ) wo 2 o iS) = ine EON 5 S = 5 : SO EY > \ ; = > Es > = ei ; = : 2 \ = ad = a = 2 = \ m Ve bs raul eng a a4 Zz m g SMITHSONIAN NOILNLILSN! NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYEIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN IN n z a) = 7) z oe 2) z= : = = z 2 ZN : Z w 2 B 7) wy n i.e STD oF {e) : (eo) AG (oe ae \. (oe) Sc N ¢ 2 E z = 2 % Ee AN 2 E x > = > p = > g = Sian oe Ss Shy ies wn z 7) 73 7p) Son oO NLILSNI NVINOSHLINS if LIBRARI ES SMITHSONIAN! INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S= = aX. a Zz ie i i S a 5 Mt 4 QE = a. % ify “fs = a XY = eRQ : : GM z : ERR FI \ Pi ec fa) oN 2% 5 : a Gb 3 : a {5 Zz NUN Z i 2 in) = UU a RAR! BSH SMITHSONIAN RING mITUONE NOUS TON ENMNOSHITINS 24 1uvVYdIT. LIBRAR| SSS ui OAM IN ° ti ro) wi Ti Oo oe (e) - ro) ay = = Yip =O = o NS = w = w 2 EH: 2 2 Nae 2 = 3 | z a z ie 2 ik Z Pp NLILSNI NVINOSHLINS, $3 luvud yt BRAR | ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLIWS, |S: hi, 1 Br? Bo Wi RDI WW! I P: ey, 5 = BS = z i @syy, = = YY 3 i g 3 5 x JE 9 5 i ae z FE Zz S 8G ff) = zy = >" = > = \ > = > (77) 72 ”n = ” ae z “” 2 RARI ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION —NVINOSHLINS $3 (YVYGIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN IN : i ss Mw WwW Yr 2 lu < ire) rs Ww ty, z= = Yig,% = “ z = = Yi, < fy Zha < a ie = = fe 7s | a MS for S co e ce S ae GG S oa.” = {ea} — oO = co.” _ = fo) nes 2) f = ro) a Oo =) Zz 43 = ! 2 a) z LNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3SIYVYSIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILONLILSNI NVINOSHLIWS S° NSS = = “oO 2 G \ ss 2 2 ON 5 : : : 5 SOK 5 EQS 5 3 2s 3 = wel 2 \WQ = 2 = = = 2 WO = m n m ey m 2 m See NOILNL SWAY e ¢ 3 Canins N_ NOILNLILSNI INSTITUTION 1_LIBRARIES m) N NOILALILSNI LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN 1 LIBRARIES saiuvyugit NVINOSHLINWS 7 LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN _INSTITUTION NOILNILILSNI N _ NOILALILSNI INSTITUTION T_LIBRARIES y Nn NOILNLILSNI LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN NVINOSHLIWS NOILNLILSNI an oe ee airs w 2 us Spel fea A —_ fh a ad a “ 5 a Ge, S o ‘Ss o a YB = ra = a a é z HH S a NVINOSHLINS S3I1uYvVYs!IT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN ls es os - iS is uth oOo : = o = wo 0 AN © 5 7 = 2 > Qe S : = 2 RNS Fs a So is Oe eS D z D SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION = * n Zz n Sgt = y ity ES = 2 OW & Vig x 2 a E NW 207" = zt alse 5 S _NVINOSHLINS Salyvua!y LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION : eS i re is fa 3 us & = = = Lo Ss \ 2 5 = ms S Sa 8 wc (= i xs 42 SNS" o = = a OSS 5 iS) =i je) Zz = 2 J 2 = & 9 8 oO <=, & S ©) Soause INSTITUTION # INSTITUTION = Oey S Wea) & ee 332 SX = a Zp g = oo eed oa OBES = + a a vi 2 = Ss X 3 NVINOSHLINS S3S!IYVYS!I7T LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN eee ie = ie z S = w o 2 o a > a 5 wa > Ke > = > 2 = 2 = e mn Z m & m wo = n = oo poMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI _NVINOSHLIWS (Sa tyvudl) = a = gp, = < z 5 s Vip. s 2 g 2 8 Ml 2 g 2 E 2.°7 f* (ols = = = >” = > 2 7) Z 7) ze —NVINOSHLINS _LIBRARI ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 2 ul z S : z = = eX ; = (eae pf? be Arar Oe Seale 3 a” = 2 es - 2 a Zz SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION = ~— z c- rad 2 @ fe) — S yal fy a = B 2 >. YY, =) 4 Pith > e > P i “Yo = a = o ZS o Zz o _ = N NOILALILSNI_ NVINOSHLINS Sa lyYvug Mtl BRARI 2S SOTA < = LZ Ser v= =< iz =| Zz NS =| = ro) pall D Gee’ = fe) 2 B ZR 8 z z 2 fs es ~ a os a Se a INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYEIT LIBRARIES LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN % 3 BE 33) «17 ZY ro) Coney = Li cs a) NOILALILSNI_NVINOSHI zZ a — wo > = a SSS = > SX = ay A NX Z aS LIBRARIES _ SMITHSO! Pa $22) < . = z = (o) =i (2) as [e) = cs Soe > Ww za NOILALILSNI_ NVINOSH. w Sa ud n = , o ‘ e : x S SQ SS & 5 NGS 5 »y = S) SS NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYEIT LIBRARIES SMITHSOI = o g = tii, ay - GG, = oY 2 UY 2) = NOILALILSNI NVINOSH. 22) = Z < = 5 n w (e) AS = E > = Zz wn SMITHSOf 2 ” f = tt f : . NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHJ INSTITUTION ~ NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYaII_LIBRARIES NOILALILSNI_ NVINOSH. NOILNLILSNI 1 LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYUGIT LIBRARIES SMITHSO diuvugiy S = S Se SG 3 sex Ne fo) = ove) = w s = , 2 : 2 ON 5 = > E S WG aS 2 E ¢ a = 3) \ s n m n ro Cn) (STITUTION AtYVvydtt 1 yin: oases b) hull = | SEPTEMBER 1962 VOL. 24, NO. 9 Li U > [a4 Lud (a) Lu Li eax QA == me) < Lo) a8 2 LL ‘= oO i (S) = aS iS) oS wed al (e) bd (Ss iS) £ J — © jor Y (an) ) iS) YZ © wd N me, iS) = = =) Y fa 5 O Yad 2.9) = <= ” 3 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, SECRETARY FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE CLARENCE F. PAUTZKE, COMMISSIONER BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES DONALD L. MCKERNAN, DIRECTOR DIVISION OF RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT RALPH C. BAKER, CHIEF "| A review of developments and news of the fishery industries prepared in the BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES. Joseph Pileggi, Editor Address correspondence andrequests to the: Chief, Branch of Market News, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington 25, D.C. Publication of material from sources outside the Bureau is not an endorsement. The Bureau is not responsible for the accuracy of facts, views, or opinions contained in material from outside sources. reference to the source is appreciated. Budget, May 10, 1960. 5/31/63 CONTENTS Page Although the contents of the publication have not been copyrighted and may be reprinted freely, Use of funds for printing this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the COVER: One of 80,000 fresh-water ponds used for fish farming in the Republic of Malagasy. Fish farming is mainly a family busi- ness in Malagasy. The simple fish farms add valuable proteinto the Malagasy diet. The Government of Malagasy is encouraging fish farming and has also stocked lakes and rivers with species of fish that mulitply rapidly. A fisheries expert of the Foodand Agricultural Organization has suggested that fish from the farms could be preserved by smoking and drying and then transportedto dry areas of Malagasy where protein foods are lacking. 1. .The Blue Crab and its Fishery in Chesapeake Bay--Part 2 - Types of Gear for Hard Crab Fishing, by Page MGh5- 6 NG} Aso W. A. Van Engel TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS: Fishing Vessel and Gear Developments: Equipment Note No. 13--Soviet Trawlers Observed in Gulf of Alaska, by A. T. Pruter Alaska: Soviet and Japanese Fishing off Alaska, June 1962 Salmon Fishery Trends, June 1962 Herring Fishery Tanner Crab Fishery Alaska Fisheries Investigations: Herring Investigations Salmon Fry Migrations Bristol Bay Red Salmon Studies King Crab Studies Pacific Herring May be Serious Predator of Pink Salmon Fry Alaska Fisheries Exploration and Gear Re- search: Trawler Chartered for King Crab Explorations American Dietetic Association: Annual Meeting California: Midwater Trawling for Salmon Fingerlings Continued Cans--Shipments for Fishery Products, January-May 1962 Pag IG} Tee I) a4 NO see AS = 2 Oe. 230... 24... Aas Ofna. 20: fake Zoran e TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations: Tuna Studies in South Pacific Continued Crab Meat: New Crab-Picking Machine Invented Federal Purchases of Fishery Products: Department of Defense Purchases, January- June 1962 Fish Meal: New Plant Proposed for Cape Charles, Va. Fishy Odors and Flavors: Progress on Studies to Date (June 1962) Fish Farming: Fish Crop from Flooded Rice Lands Fish Protein Concentrate: Bakery Products with Concentrate Sampled by Taste Panel Florida: New Fish Behavior Laboratory Great Lakes: Lake Trout Planted in Lake Michigan from Ferry Outlook Promising for Trawling in Lake Michigan Organoleptic Evaluation of Fresh-Water Herring Contents continued page II. Page 40.. AO. 42.. 42.. DS yssete COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 9 CONTENTS (CONTINUED) TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Great Lakes Fishery Investigations: Western Lake Superior Fishery Survey Con- tinued Lake Erie Fish Population Survey Continued Gulf Exploratory Fishery Program: Burrowing Behavior of Pink Shrimp Studied Gulf Fishery Investigations: Better Shrimp Catches Forecast for 1962 Shrimp Distribution Studies Indian Fishing: Law Enforcement Conference on Indian Fish- ing Industrial Products: U. S. Fish Meal and Solubles, Production and Imports, January-June 1962 U. S. Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles: Production, June 1962 Production, July 1962 Major Indicators for U. S. Supply, July 1962 Inventions: Precooked Frozen ''Lox and Onions" Irradiation Preservation: New United States Army Radiation Research Laboratory Maine Sardines: Canned Stocks, July 1, 1962 Marketing: Edible Fishery Products Marketing Prospects, Fall 1962 Massachusetts: Marine Fisheries Promotion and Develop- ment Law Enacted Oceanography: Williamsburg as Biological Research Ship for Indian Ocean Expedition Williamsburg Renamed Anton Bruun and Con- verted to a Research Vessel Oregon: Albacore Tuna Studies in North Pacific Chinook Salmon Trucked Around Cougar Dam New Crab-Tagging Method Razor Clam Tagging Studies Oysters: Progress in Development of Chemical Con- trol Method for Enemies Long Island Sound Observations on Spawning and Setting as of July 26 Maryland Observations on Spawning and Setting, July 1962 Maryland Setting Observations, July 1962 Weed "'Steals'' Oysters Planted in Oyster River Pacific Territories: Expanded Fisheries Development Program Planned South Carolina: Fisheries Biological Research Progress, April-June 1962 Sport Fishing: Tropical Pacific Game Fish Schooling and Feeding Behavior Study Shrimp: United States Shrimp Supply Indicators, July 1962 Tuna: Blackfin Tuna Studied to Determine Federal Specification Requirements Page TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): United States Fisheries: Commercial Fishery Landings, January-June 1962 Fish Sticks and Portions Production, April- June 1962 U.S. Fishing Vessels: Documentations Issued and Cancelled, July 1962 Documentations Issued and Cancelled, June 1962 U. S. Foreign Trade: Imports of Canned Tuna in Brine Under Quota Fishery Products Imports from U.S.S.R. Insurance on United States Exports Extended to Longer-Term Policies Vessels: French Fishery Research Vessel Visits Woods Hole, Mass. Vir ginia: Outlook Promising for Croaker Populations in Chesapeake Bay System Washington: Chinook Salmon Tagging Salmon Planted in Klickitat River Salmon Spawning Channel at McNary Dam on the Columbia River Wholesale Prices, July 1962 FOREIGN: International: International Pacific Halibut Commission: North Pacific Halibut Fishing in Area 3A Ended August 11, 1962 Food and Agriculture Organization: Proposed Agenda for Fishing Gear Congress in 1963 Great Lakes Fishery Commission: Annual Meeting Chemical Treatment of Lake Superior Streams Reduces Sea Lamprey Population Contract-Fishermen Only to Fish Lake Trout in Lake Superior Lake Trout Catches in Lake Superior Re- stricted to Quotas International Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers: Third Annual Conference Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development: Subsidies and Program for 1963 Discussed by Fisheries Committee UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission: Arabian Sea Plans of Indian Ocean Expedi- tion Coordinated Working Groups on Communications and Fixed Stations Meet in Paris Group of Experts on Oceanographic Data Exchange Meets in Washington International North Pacific Fisheries Com- mission: Scientific Committee Meets in Honolulu Whale Oil: Prices Decline Fish Meal World Production, May 1962 International Whaling Commission: Fourteenth Annual Meeting Contents continued page III. September 1962 Page 61... 62.. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW It CONTENTS (CONTINUED) FOREIGN (Contd.): International (Contd. ): European Economic Community: Canned Salmon Import Duty Rate Lowered Aden: United States Vessel to Fish Spiny Lobsters off Coast Angola: New Fish Processing Plant Opened Trawling Regulated Australia: Shrimp Farming Experiments Show Promise. Southern West Australia Tuna Survey Results Tuna Fishery Trends, 1962 British Guiana: Shrimp Exports, 1961 Canada: Arctic Char Fishery New Products Being Developed from Under - utilized Fresh-Water Fish Species New Tax Applies to Shrimp Imported from the United States Purse Seiners in New Brunswick Can't Fish Within One Mile of Stationary Fishing Gear Sea-Bed Drifters Used to Study North Atlan- tic Ocean Currents Sea Lion Control Program in Coastal Waters of British Columbia Cook Islands: Joint Japanese-New Zealand Tuna Base Denmark: Filleting Association Seeks Closer Contact with Fishermen Fisheries Trends, Jan.-June 1962 Industrial Fish Landings were Heavy in June 1962 Pond Culture of Rainbow Trout Seaworthiness of Steel Cutters Under Study Second Danish-Built Fish-Freezing Vessel for U.S.S.R. Ecuador: Coastal Fishing Problems Being Studied Manta Tuna Fishery El Salvador: Fisheries Trends, Second Quarter 1962 Fiji Islands: Japanese Fisheries Agency Postpones Deci- sion on Fiji Islands Tuna Base France: United States Quality Certification of Fresh or Frozen Scallops Accepted Greece: Freezer-Trawler Landings, January-June 1962 Greenland: Shrimp Industry Iceland: Fisheries Trends, January-July 1962 Exports of Fishery Products, January-May 1962 Icelandic Production of Processed Fishery Products and Byproducts, 1960-61 Fishery Landings by Principal Species, January-April 1962 Utilization of Fishery Landings, January- April 1962 Indonesia: Soviet Technicians Plan Construction of Oceanographic School Pag SOR. bos bale ako 82.. 82% S2iean 82iee: 82... (338) ig 83... So feer. 84.. 84... tS} otc Bon. Sopa. HONG '0 8627: Silas Siliaon: Silane BU d.n 88iee S8ite- 88... he) ang BOF Oh) 6." SOK CX) 5.0 SO Sic 90m. Ore" Shilieyc Wale Sars CP IRic DO ie e FOREIGN (Contd.): Iran: Status of Fishing Industry Italy: Frozen Tuna Exported to Italy Directly from Japan Increase in Frozen Tuna Import Quota Requested Fishery Cooperatives Have Influential Role in Italian Fishing Industry Japan: Canned Tuna in Brine Sales to United States Exports to U.S. of Canned Tunain Brine, 1961 Canners Consider Increase of Canned White Meat Tuna Export Prices Shizuoka Packers Can Skipjack Tuna for U. S. Skipjack Tuna Ex-Vessel Prices Make Can- ning Unprofitable Albacore and Yellowfin Tuna Prices for Ex- ports to United States Frozen Tuna Approved for Export to U. S. Tuna and Swordfish Exports, Calendar Years 1956-60 Ex-Vessel Tuna Prices in Tokyo Frozen Tuna Ex-Vessel Prices at Tokyo, August 10 Skipjack Tuna Landings at Yaizu Yaizu Fishery Landings, January-June 1962 Tuna Fishing Conditions off Home Island, Early July 1962 Tuna Quotas Increased for Motherships and Certain Overseas Bases Fisheries Agency Requests Vessels toSubmit Yellowfin Tuna Catch Data Research Vessel to Survey Eastern Pacific Ocean Tuna Resources Research Vessel Investigates Albacore Schools in North Pacific Vessels Operating in South Atlantic Tuna Fishery, July 1962 Research Vessel to Explore for Tuna inSouth Atlantic Ocean New Albacore Tuna Areas in Atlantic Discovered Additional Tuna Vessel Tonnage Changes Sought in Regulations on Portable- Vessel-Carrying Tuna Mothership-Type Operations Tuna Fishing Vessel Tests Power Block Tuna Company to be Established by Cooper - ative National Cooperative Schedules Meeting to Study Use of Its Tuna Vessels Long-Line Vessels Reach Salmon Catch Goal South of 45° N. Latitude Salmon Mothership Fleets in North Pacific Reach Catch Quota Frozen Halibut Export Prices Steady Bering Sea Halibut Landings King Crab Operations in Bristol Bay Government Issues Fall King Crab Fishing Licenses and Regulations Landings of Fishery Products in 1961 Salmon Industry Urges End of Abstention Principle Socialist Party Opposes Extension of Tripartite North Pacific Fisheries Conven- tion Fishing Firms Plan Trawl Fishing in North- west Atlantic Contents continued page IV. IV Page OP ob Qe ons OB 606 OS eas 935. 94.. aware O55 Gi. OG: Olea lar Oao Blom SB. BIE) NOOR 100.. LOM LOT LO2Qe COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 9 CONTENTS (CONTINUED) FOREIGN (Contd.): Japan (Contd.): Fisheries Agency Authorizes Trawling in Northwest Atlantic Ocean Guidance and Concentration of Fish Schools to be Studied New Marine Research Institute Established Republic of Korea: Firm to Purchase Tuna Vessels Six Tuna Vessels to be Built in Japan Fishery Cooperatives Law Enacted Malagasy Republic: Japanese and Chinese Aid in Developing Tuna Fishery Fisheries Trends Malaya: Japanese-Malayan Tuna Base Concentrating on Frozen Tuna Exports Frozen Tuna Transshipments to U. 8S. from Penang and Singapore Tuna Fishermen Urged to Bring Catches to Penang New Caledonia: Tuna Catch Quota for Japanese-French Fish- ing Base Norway: Mackerel Shark Fishery Off United States Waters Foreign Minister Presents Declaration on Membership in EEC Only Four Fleets to Participate in 1962/63 Antarctic Whaling Pakistan: United States Firms Invited to Aid Govern- ment in Developing Fisheries Panama: Vessel Chartered for Spiny Lobster Explora- tions Peru: Fisheries Trends, Second Quarter 1962 South Africa Republic: Tuna Fishing Development Opportunities Pilchard-Maasbanker Fishery, January- March 1962 South-West Africa: Fishery Trends for 1961 Page OZ 104... FOREIGN (Contd.): Spain: Vigo Fisheries Trends, Second Quarter 1962 Sweden: Fishing Gear Attachment for Simultaneous Trolling at Different Depths Taiwan: Fishery Landings Up in 1962 U.S.S.R.: Fishing Fleet on Georges Bank, June 1962 Fishing in Gulf of Alaska, June-July 1962 United Kingdom: British Fisheries Trends, 1961 British Fishermen Need New Fishing Grounds British Suggest Using Helicopter for Ocean Trawling Fishery Loans Interest Rates Revised New Subsidy Rates Viet-Nam: Two New Trawlers Added to Fishing Fleet Yugoslavia: Canned Fish Pack Up in 1961 FEDERAL ACTIONS: Department of the Interior: Fish and Wildlife Service: Bureau of Commercial Fisheries: Revision of Fisheries Loan Fund Proce- dures Eighty-Seventh Congress (Second Session) FISHERY INDICATORS: Chart 1 - Fishery Landings for Selected States Chart 2 - Landings for Selected Fisheries Chart 3 - Cold-Storage Holdings and Freezings of Fishery Products Chart 4 - Receipts and Cold-Storage Holdings of Fishery Products at Principal Distribution Centers Chart 5 - Fish Meal and Oil Production - U.S. and Alaska Chart 6 - Canned Packs of Selected Fishery Products Chart 7 - U. S. Fishery Products Imports i RECENT FISHERY PUBLICATIONS: Fish and Wildlife Service Publications Miscellaneous Publications Editorial Assistant--Ruth V. Keefe Compositors--Jean Zalevsky, Alma Greene, Helen Paretti, and Raie Carron sle ste 3k <) ponent SHS. Kk Photograph Credits: Page by page, the following list gives the source or photographer for each photograph in this issue. Photographs on pages not mentioned were obtained from the Service's file and the photographers are unknown. Pp. 4 (fig. 5), 8& 9--Bailey, Va. Fisheries Laboratory; pp. 12, 13, 43, 44, & 105 (center)--R. C. Nabb; p. 17--Biological Lab., Honolulu, Hawaii; p. 19--Wade Lucas, N. C. Dept. of Conserva- tion &§ Development; pp. 30 & 31--F. B, Sanford and C. F. Lee; pp. 34 & 50--Andrew L. Pinto; pp. 34 (fig. 1) and 35 (fig. 2)--Navy Dept. and National Science Foundation; pp. 47, 48, & 105 (top)--Robert K. Brigham, Woods Hole, Mass.; p. 66--Info. Services, Dept. of Fisheries, Ott- wa, Canada; p. 70 (fig. 2)--Royal Danish Ministry for Foreign Affairs; Cover, pp. 84, 94 (fig. i) 95 (figs. 2 & 3), and 111--FAO; p. 99--Woodbridge Williams, FAO; pp. 106-108--W. H, Stolting. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. Price 60 cents (single copy). Subscription Price: $5.50 a year; $2 additional for foreign mailing. i) ul) ull I | i Ta sulla Wygaadanen igen (ida stl a wut ro (tn iT] iT 1000000 (hu! (00000 inna ina mu Onl mn < September 1962 Washington 25, D. C. ol. 24, No. 9 THE BLUE CRAB AND ITS FISHERY IN CHESAPEAKE BAY”! Part 2 - Types of Gear for Hard Crab Fishing 2/ By W. A. Van Engel* ABSTRACT During the 90-year history of the Chesapeake Bay blue crab fishery, many types of fishing devices were tried, but only pots, trotlines, and dredges proved suitable, and they emerged as the primary types of gear for catching hard crabs, In the early years of the fishery, trotlines with their various modifications were used principally for catching hard crabs in the summer. The Chesapeake Bay crab pot, patented in 1938 and modified only slightly since, gradually replaced the trotline. Pots now account for two-thirds of the Virginia hard crab catch and more than half of the Maryland catch. The dredge, first used about 1900 and relatively unchanged with time, is still the primary winter gear. INTRODUCTION The gradual increase in importance of the 90-year-old blue crab industry to the econo- my of the Chesapeake Bay region has been due chiefly to development of the hard crab fish- ery. It now ranks second or third among Virginia and Maryland's fisheries, exceeded in quantity only by menhaden and in value by oysters and occasionally by menhaden. On the na- tional scale, the magnitude of the industry is TUPLRLES UE onl SURG UU LGU LUG OL SL equally impressive, for the total Chesapeake Bs a Bay hard crab catch is about equal to the to- tal blue crab catch of all the other Atlantic and Gulf Coast states. Ordinary Crabbers nN on Prior to 1900 the Chesapeake Bay blue crab industry developed slowly and fishing for crabs remained a casual occupation. Al- though there has been a coast-wide consumer interest in the blue crab since colonial times, especially in the soft-shell crab, limited transportation and refrigeration facilities hindered the early expansion of the industry. The first out-of-state shipment of Chesapeake Bay soft crabs left Crisfield, Md., for Phila- delphia by train in 1873. In 1878, a large summer trotline fishery was started near Hampton, Va., to supply hardcrabs to James 40 45 50 McMenamin and Company, the first to pro- Fig. iS Virginia hard crab licenses, 1921-1961. Numbers of duce cooked crab meat in hermetically- eee eer or the Vino iia Commission or Fineent (Core sealed cans. Fresh-cooked crab meat in bined hand-dip and patent-dip trotline boats are from records of iced, unsealed cans was not made available U. S. Bureau of Fisheries and U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; no data available for 1943, Over 90 percent of the "ordinary until 1883, During those early years and un- Grabbers tilieences are fonhand@din trotlines: 1/Contributions from the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, No. 121. 2/Soft and peeler crab fishing gears will be described in a later publication. % Senior Marine Scientist, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point. nN _o ! Trotline Boats HUNDREDS OF LICENSES a fo) T Dredge Boats U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE SEP. NO. 655 2 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 9 til 1900, average annual landings in Virginia and Maryland were less than 10 million pounds and were valued at less than $350,000. Sixty percent of the weight but only one-fourth of the value was derived from hard crabs. The remainder was attributed to soft and peeler crabs2/ (Rathburn 1887, Roberts 1905, Churchill 1919, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries 1922), In contrast, landings during a recent 15-year period, 1946-1960, averaged about 60 mil- lion pounds and valued at more than $3.5 million. Over 90 percent of the catch and about 80 percent of the value was derived from hard crabs (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1942-1961, 1961). From 1929 to 19324/ more than 85 percent of the total Atlantic and Gulf Coast catch of blue crabs came from Chesapeake Bay. Average Chesapeake landings were about 60 percent from 1933 to 1953, and since 1953 have been about 47 percent of the total (U. S. Bureau of Fisheries 1922-1941; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1942-1961, 1961). Almost the entire hard crab catch of the Bay is now marketed as fresh-cooked crab meat in iced, unsealed cans. In 1959, 7.5 million pounds of meat was produced, half from Virginia and half from Maryland. The extent of distribution has been somewhat limited by extreme fluctuations inthe basic supply, the perishableness of the product, and the relatively high costs of production, transportation, and promotion (Quittmeyer 1950, 1957; Van Engel 1954, 1958). Some of the meat is processed as frozendeviledcrabs andcrabcakes, andcanned crab soups. A relatively small number of large, selected male crabs, called ''jimmies" or ''channelers,"! are shipped alive direct to large cities to be served at seafood bars as steamed hard crabs. At the base of the production pyramid is a force of about 1,800 watermen in Virginia and 3,300 in Maryland, Since their catch is limited by the basic supply and by restrictions im- posed by legislation and market conditions, only by selecting the most efficient types of gear can the watermen maintain a reasonable income. While many types of gear have been used to catch crabs in the Chesapeake Bay in the last 90 years, only a few have proved economically practical, The bulk of the hard crab catch has been made by a few types of widely different design: crab pots and trotlines in summer and dredges in winter. Less than one-fiftieth has come from dip nets, crab pounds, hand scrapes, haul seines, and hand lines, and in- cidental catches by fish pounds, gill nets, ot- ter trawls, oyster tongs, and oyster dredges. Modifications have made existing gear more efficient, resulting in more effective fishing cele Nee time per unit of gear. A review of the types ea \ aa ' | |of Maryland crab fishing gear is given by V7 / Tenlinaene i. ) bi Cargo (1954), ¥ | Continuous records of the types of hard 5 Potters crab gear in Virginia are available since Crabbers HUNDREDS OF LICENSES ro) — | |1921 (fig. 1) and in Maryland since 1916 (fig. dees Dredgé Boats 2)--(Virginia Commission of Fisheries, un- Po dg ee i to) 1916 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 published license records; Maryland, Depart- ment of Conservation 1924-1941, Department Fig. 2 - Maryland hard crab licenses, Plier Ae ence of Tidewater Fisheries 1942, Board of Natural crabbers, potters and dredge boats are from the Maryland Con- = servation Department, Department of Tidewater Fisheries and Resources 1941 1959). Reports of the U.S, Board of Natural Resources. Hand-dip trotline boats are from Bureau of Fisheries (1922-1941) and the U.S. records of U. S, Bureau of Fisheries and U, S. Fish and Wildlife Fish and Wildlife Service (1942-1961) show Service; no data available for 1943, Hand-dip trotline licenses see . . account for about one-half the '"crabbers" licenses prior to 1938. similar trends in types of gear, but continuous records are not available for years prior to 1929. TRENDS IN GEAR The hand-dip trotline was favored for many years as a summer gear. The exact number used will probably never be known. Until 1937 hand-dip trotlines were exempted from taxa- 3/Soft and peeler crab fishing gears will be described in a later publication. 4/Comparative data are not available for earlier years. September 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 3 tion in Virginia or included in a-general ‘ordinary crabbers'' license along with dip nets and peeler-crab scrapes (fig. 1). Since 1937 peeler-crab scrapes have been separately licensed, and trotline licenses have numbered probably more than 95 percent of the "ordinary" licenses. Patent-dip trotlines, introduced about 1920, have never been widely used and have accounted for a relatively small percentage of the catch. Combined estimates of hand-dip and patent- dip trotline boats (U. S. Bureau of Fisheries 1922-1941; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1942- 1961) are in good agreement with the numbers of "ordinary crabbers'' licenses in Virginia since 1929 (fig. 1). It is probable that before 1929 over 90 percent of the ''ordinary'' licenses were hand-dip trotlines. During the economic depression of the early 1930's, many Virginia watermen replaced their trotlines with dip nets, for which no license and little expense were required, and caught peeler crabs instead of hard crabs. A few years later, during a temporary return to trotlines, the Chesapeake Bay crab pot was introduced. The high efficiency of the pot has encouraged many watermen to abandon trotlines for them. Dredges have been the only gear used in Virginia in the winter fishery since its inception about 1900. Similar trends have occurred in Maryland although the exact numbers of gear types used have not been reported. Since 1916 a general ''crabbers license'' has permitted the use of a trotline, peeler-crab scrape, dip net, push net, crab haul seine, or crab pound net (fig. 2). Between 1929 and 1938 approximately one-half of the ''crabbers'' licenses were for the use of hand-dip trotlines (U.S. Bureau of Fisheries 1922-1941); this relationship probably existed prior to 1929. The decline in number since 1938 is the result of the gradual replacement of trotlines with pots. The precipitous rise in 1955 and 1956 resulted from a new law requiring licenses for all trotlines over 100 yards in length. This was enacted to tax increased numbers of casual crabbers, and the figures are probably indicative of previously existing but unreported effort. Patent-dip trotlines have never been used in Maryland. Dredges were first permitted in Maryland in 1947 and are used only in the bays on the ocean side of the eastern shore. CRAB POT The first crab pot used in Chesapeake Bay was a small, baited poultry-wire trap, 36 x 30x12 inches, patented in 1928 by B. F. Lewis of Harryhogan, Va. (Virginia Com- mission of Fisheries, unpublished minutes; Wharton 1956), Lewis' early model pot was not widely used because it allowed too many crabs to escape. His modified gear, which was introduced in 1936 and patented in 1938 (fig. 3), is essentially the design used today. The principal feature of this patent is the separation of the main body of the pot into two chambers, a lower bait chamber which contains a bait holder and passageways from the outside, and a trap chamber lying over the bait chamber. Hard crabs enter the bait chamber through entrance funnels located at the lower edges of the pot and then rise to pass into the trap chamber through a slit in the partition. Crabs are removed by spread- ing an opening in one seam at the top and shaking the crabs from the pot. The seam is closed by lapping over the adjacent edges and locking them in place with a wire hook. Fig. 3 - Drawings accompanying B, F. Lewis! crab pot (trap) patent, Usually pots are cubical in shape, 2 feet on each side, and made of 1 to 14-inch haxa- gonal mesh, 18 gauge poultry wire, galvanized filed September 2, 1937. Fig. 1, External view; Fig. 2, Vertical section through entrance funnels, bait box and partition; Fig. 3, Vertical section, at right angle to Fig. 2, through bait box and partition; Fig. 4, Part of horizontal section top of funnels. 4 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 9 after weaving (fig. 4). Bait cups are made of l-inch mesh wire or double thickness of 14-inch wire. Nine pots can be cut from a roll of wire 150 feet long and 2 feet wide. Only minor improvements have been made tothe basic design of Lewis' patent since 1938. Details of a design popular in the late 1940's are given by Andrews (1947). Frames of iron rod were lashed to the sides to increase the rigidity of the pot, but have not beenused since wire manufacturers began using heavy gauge wire in the selvage. A ny \ i {\\ ams RX) 0) at hy Since all pots are handmade, their con- struction canbe varied to suit local conditions, individual preference and budget. Continued use of pots has demonstrated a need to in- crease their stability. All watermen_ stabi- lize their pots with a square frame of 3 to Z- inch iron rod tied to the base, or galvanized pipe, bricks or cement inserted in the bottom corners. In Tagier Sound and in the York and James rivers, where there are strong bottom currents, pots are made only 20 inches high. Fig. 4 - Chesapeake Bay crab pot is 24 x 24 x 20 inches, made of double-galvanized, 18-gauge, hexagonal-mesh wire. Pots are set along the flat, sandy or muddy edges of a river or Bay channels in depths ranging from 6 to 60 feet in continuous or parallel series, the number depending on the suc- cess of fishing in the locality but usually 100 or more feet apart. In 1928 as many as 30 to 40 pots were tied on a trotline, each pot attached to the line by a 4-foot rope. The ends of the trotline were marked by buoys. Later to avoid frequent thefts of pots, buoys were re- moved and the crabber depended on visible landmarks and good grappling technique to recover his line. That method of setting pots was soon abandoned, and for more than 25 years pots have been set with individual lines and buoys. Sometimes along the edges of a channel approaching a harbor or dock, pots must be tied singly to stakes, otherwise they could be dragged or washed to shoal water by boat traffic. Potters lift their pots daily except Sunday, working from small inboard or outboard mo- tor boats up to 40 feet in length. Most of the men leave their docks in early morning dark- ness to reach the crabbing grounds at day- break and return about noon. Actual fishing time averages 24 hours per 100 pots. For better control of his boat while fish- ing a set of pots, the potter runs against the tidal current. With an almost continuous mo- tion he approaches a buoy, slows the forward speed of his boat by reducing throttle and shifting gears to reverse, snares the buoy line with a short-handled hook, shifts to neu- tral, pulls on the buoy line to raise the pot to the surface and into his boat (fig. 5), shifts to forward gear, increases throttle and steers toward the next pot. Then he begins to empty the pot and re-bait it with menhaden, salted fish heads, or any kind or part of oily trash fish. Just before he reaches the next pot the previous one is tossed overboard. Fig. 5 - When stock size is large, catch may average 200 adult crabs per pot. September 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 5 In early summer in some waters, algal growth may cover the mesh. Circulation of water through the pot is retarded, the pot is more easily tumbled by strong currents, and the escape of bait odors is restricted. For these as well as other reasons, the efficiency of the pot is ef- fectively lowered. Sometimes pots are removed to land and dried for several days, but usual- ly they are so fouled by the middle of June that they are discarded. During the 8 months potting season, from April through November, the loss of pots from all sources is so great as to require one or more replacements for each pot initially set out. Large losses occur in storms, for strong bottom currents or turbulence may tumble a pot in- to deeper water or roll it a few yards until the buoy line becomes wrapped around it. In eith- er event the buoy is pulled beneath the surface and out of sight of the fishermen. Sometimes pots may be recovered by dragging bars of ganged hooks. Careful handling of pots is required to minimize cracking the protective zinc coating. Once the underlying iron core is exposed, corrosion is rapid. At best, pots withstand daily wear and corrosion about 16 weeks. Recent studies suggest that corrosive destruction may be prevented if a sacrificial anode of zine is secured to the galvanized netting (Buck and Van Engel 1960). At the end of the crabbing season, usable pots are sometimes dipped in hot tar to prevent further corrosion until the next season. The crab pot has become especially popular because it is highly efficient, simply con- structed, easily handled, and requires relatively little time to gather the catch. An estimated 100,000 pots were used in 1960 in Virginia; about three-fourths that many in Maryland. The pot has almost completely replaced the hand-dip trotline in Virginia and now accounts for two-thirds of the annual catch of hard crabs. B. F. Lewis! early model was called a ''trap,'' a name also applied to the crab pound net. Separate names and license taxes for pots and traps were not applied until about 1938. The number of pot licenses has steadily increased in Virginia (fig. 1), and the number of pots al- lowed each man has changed. An unlimited number could be used before 1940, 35 per man until 1944, 50 per man until 1956, and an unlimited number since July 1956. Minimum mesh size was 1 inch until 1941. From 1941 to 1944, 1-inch mesh was allowed in Chesapeake and Mobjack bays, but 13-inch mesh was required inallother waters. It has been 13 inches in all waters of the Commonwealth since 1944, Similar events occurred in Maryland. The pot was introduced in 1939 and then outlawed from 1941 to 1943. It is now permitted in some waters of that state (Cronin 1950). The al- lowance per man was 35 from 1943 to 1948 and has been 50 since 1948. Minimum mesh size is 1 inch. It is one of the most important types of crab gear in Maryland, where landings by pots represent over 55 percent of the total annual catch. TROTLINE The hand-dip trotline is a baited, hookless line anchored on the bottom in moderate to deep water, and is used to catch hard crabs when they are actively feeding, primarily from April through November. Lengths of t to #-inch cotton, sisal, or hemp rope are spliced to- gether to form lines 100 yards to 1 mile in length, depending on the locality of the set and the ''crab-biting-rate.'' When large numbers of crabs are being caught, lines may be shorter so that the crabber may lift his set before all the bait is eaten. The longest lines are used wherever bottom currents are strong, to insure a constant, effective number of baits lying on the bottom. Untarred lines are usually used because they do not give off odors offensive to crabs. Trotlines have been used continually since commercial crabbing began in the 1870's. Formerly they were rigged with grapnel-type anchors tied to each end, and with a buoy line attached 30 or more feet from each grapnel (fig. 6A). With this system of rigging, while the trotline was lifted to the surface by pulling in the buoy line, it was necessary that the boat remain stationary over the end of the set, to avoid dragging the anchor and thus changing the direction of the set or getting the line fouled in the propeller. 6 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 9 CC o~— Fig. 6 - A. Former arrangement of buoys and line on hand-dip trotline. B. Present rigging of hand-dip trotline. These problems are now avoided simply by dropping separate lines from the buoy to the grapnel and from the buoy to the trotline (fig. 6B; Andrews 1948). The ends of the buoy line and trotline are joined by a short length of heavy chain to keep the trotline on the bottom. This arrangement permits the crabber to approach the buoy, lift the trotline to the surface, place it over the spool, and begin fishing with the continuous forward motion of the boat. Fresh beef tripe is preferred as bait, although salted tripe and eels, hog jowls andears, and small, tough fish such as the hogchoker are sometimes used. About 200 pounds of tripe may be used each week during October and November on a 600-yard line. More bait is used in summer when crabs are more active. From 60 to 80 pounds of tripe are used on the first full baiting of the line. When the trotline was first extensively used in 1878, bait was tied to the ends of 6- to 24-inch lateral lines, called snoods, spaced about 2 feet apart (fig. 6A). The size of the catch was partly dependent on how many times a crabber could run the same line in one day. In the earliest years of the fishery, the crabber pulled his boat forward by lifting and tugging, hand-over-hand, on the trotline. It was most convenient, but not comfortable for long periods of time, for him to lie prone on the bow of his boat while crabbing. A short-handled dip net was kept handy to scoop up crabs as they came to the surface clinging to the baited line. Hand" trotlining was easiest ''running'' with the tide or with the wind. Although most men used the "hand" trotline between 1900 and 1925, a few used sail, or motor power derived from either a 2-cycle or 4-cycle, 1- or 2-cylindered marine engine. Most engines were direct-drive, and a clutch was optional equipment. At first, mo- tor power was used primarily for transporting groups of 10 or more "hand" trotline crabbers September 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 7 to and from the crabbing grounds. Men who used their direct-drive engines in working a line were forced to work against the tide, or to obtain slower speeds by means of a drag. This re- quired a two-man crew, one to watch the trotline and scoop up crabs, the other to run the en- gine. To take advantage of the greater speed of a motor boat, the trotline was no longer lifted by hand, but allowed to pass over a roller or spool extending outboard from the side of the boat (fig. 7). This forced abandonment of lat- eral lines, for they easily became entangled on the spool. Thereafter bait was secured l, either in a slip-knot or simply tucked be- a= : oe tween strands of the main line. : ale In the late 1920's automobile engines were converted for boat use. Since then their low cost has more than offset their inefficiency compared with marine engines of the same horsepower, and they have become almost standard as the power supply of present day . 2 crab boats (Chapelle 1955). pasos S Fig. 7 - The hand-dip trotline. Trotlines usually are set parallel to shore to be fished with the tide up- or downriver. If fished during slack tide, it may be set in any direction, usually perpendicular to shore. To fish his line, the crabber approaches the buoy, picks up the line with a short-handled hook and places it on the spool which projects about a foot from the side of the boat. As the boat moves along the line, baits are raised to the surface and crabs clinging to the bait are scooped up by a dip net. Crabs drop off as the line breaks the surface of the water and crabbers must be quick with the dip net. Since crabs cling to a cotton mesh bag, the most effective dip net has a wire mesh bag. Trotlines usually are fished from daybreak to late morning, and sometimes, though in- frequently, fished again in the cooler evening hours. At the end of a day's fishing, baits are checked and renewed if necessary, and the line coiled in a barrel and well-sprinkled with salt to protect bait and line against rotting. The trotline has been extensively used in localities where many undersized crabs are present, as in the upper-Bay waters of Maryland, for it permits easy culling of the catch. Until the early 1940's it consistently account- ed for two-thirds of the entire Bay catch of hard crabs, but in recent years, since water- men abandoned trotlines in favor of pots, less than 10 percent of the Virginia hard crab catch and about 43 percent of the Maryland catchhas been obtained with trotlines. PATENT-DIP TROTLINE The patent-dip trotline differs from the hand-dip trotline only in the method by which crabs are dipped out of the water (fig. 8). The patent-dip consists of a rectangular or cylin- drical cage about 3 feet square made ofa framework of iron strips and rods. To the bottom is attached a cylindrical net of heavy twine, about 10 feet long, which is closed at = — = the end with a piece of light twine. The iron Ge eer Se ee Caee lis attaclied by Reavy tron straps tole horizontal position when fishing the line, with the top of the boom or spar which may be hoisted up against dip at the surface of the water. the boat mast or lowered to a horizontal posi- 8 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 9 tion. When the boom is lowered, the cage lies in the water with the upper edge at the surface. On this upper rim of the cage are two upright pegs about 5 inches apart, and a roller. When the crabber starts his run of the trotline, he places the line over the roller between the up- right pegs. Then as the boat cruises along the set, the line is lifted off the river bottom and over the roller. As they reach the surface, crabs drop into the iron cage and are caught in the trailing net. When the net is full, the boom is hoisted to an upright position, the tie-string at the end of the net is loosened, and the crabs are dumped into a barrel or into the bottom of the boat. The patent-dip rig permits the waterman to run more sets than could be made with a hand- dip trotline, for culling of illegal crabs can be made any time after the catchhas been made. Water- men claim that in early spring and late fall trotlines yield higher catches than pots. Crabs are less sensitive to bait odors when the water is cool. Trotline baits 2 to 4 feet apart are more quickly located than bait in pots spaced at intervals of 100 or more feet. Since 1920, when patent-dip trotlines were first licensed, the number of licenses issued yearly in Virginia has been small and variable. Licenses are not considered a reliable index of the number of gear actually used, for crab pots or patent-dips may be used by holders of either license. Patent-dips have never been used in Maryland waters. DREDGE BOAT The dredge boat (fig. 9) varies from less than 32 to over 60 feet in length, 5 net tons or more, and carries a captain and a crew of two or three. On larger boats two dredges are towed simultaneously from opposite sides of the boat, the chain from each dredge passing Sh Se se CS eee “f : Fig. 9 - Dredge boats, often Diesel-propelled, are from 32 to 60 feet in length, five net ously from opposite sides, < ons or more, and tow two dredges simultane - September 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 9 over a roller on the boat's rail, around a center post and then below deck to a windless oper- ated from the pilothouse (fig. 10). Smaller boats often drag a single power-drawn dredge over the stern. EY a ceN y The heavy metal dredge consists of a rectangular iron frame, bearing a 6-foot, toothed drag bar on its lower edge andcarry- ing a mesh bag made up of rings and cotton twine. The bag will hold between 3 and 4 bushels of crabs. The iron teeth, welded on the dragbar, are about 4 inches long and about 14 inches apart. A metal bridle attached to the dredge frame bears an eye to which the hauling chain is fastened. The length of a dredge, from the drag bar to the eye of the frame, varies with the amount of space avail- able when the dredge is hauled on deck to be emptied, but should be about 6 inches less than the distance from the top of the dredge post to the roller. Dredging is almost the only means of ob- taining crabs from December through March, when the ''crab-biting-rate'' is almost zero and movements of crabs are minimal. Dredg- ing is limited by law to the lower Bay and to the small bays on the ocean side of the east- ern shore. Concentrations of crabs in the as ected E lower part of the Chesapeake during the win- Fig. 10 - The crab dredge. ter occur as a result of the fall migrations of adult female crabs from the rivers and upper Bay following mating (Van Engel 1958). The best catches are made on the edges of broad banks adjacent to deep channels of the Bay, over " srassy,''2/ muddy-sand bottoms, in 25- to 75-foot depths. During an average fishing day from 65 to 100 ten-minute dredge hauls can be made, lifting the dredges alternately. & The dredge catch is highest in early December and becomes progressively smaller as the season advances. Approximately 85 percent of the crabs caught are adult females, and the remaining 15 percent are males and immature crabs of both sexes. About half the total catchis landed onthe west shore of the Bay between the Piankatank River and the James River. The other half is landed on the Eastern Shore, principally for sale in Maryland markets. Since the winter dredge fishery began in Virginia about 1900, there have been few changes in methods of dredging or inthe gear. Dredges have been similar to those now in use, but varying from 4 to 6 feet in width. Before 1920, gasoline and semi-Diesel engines developing 20 to 60 hp. were in common use. Since then there has been gradual replacement by engines of higher horsepower. Dredge-boat captains unanimously believe that this change has in- creased daily catches, by shortening the running time from port to fishing grounds and thus permitting more time for dredging, rather than by increasing the average catch per dredge haul. The ''Geraldine,'' an 11-net-ton Gloucester County vessel, may be considered representa- tive of the majority of vessels now used in the fishery. Built in 1928, she was first equipped with a 24 hp. Lathrop, a marine, gasoline engine with a straight drive and no clutch. Other dredgers were using 24 to 35 hp. Palmer, marine, gas engines, and a few of the larger ves- sels had 45 to 65 hp. Fairbanks-Morse, marine, semi-Diesels, all straight drive with clutch. A 50 hp. 20th Century, marine, gas engine was installed in the ''Geraldine’’ in 1932. This in turn was replaced in 1944 with a 144 hp. Chrysler Royal gas engine converted for marine use and had a 3:1 reduction gear. A 165-hp. Gray marine Diesel with a 2:1 reduction gear was installed in 1946; this Diesel has had three major overhauls in the last 16 years and is still in uSe. 5/Beds of colonial hydroids, Thuiaria argentea. 10 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 9 The number of boats dredging hard crabs in the Bay in the earliest years of the fishery is unknown, for they were often reported with boats dredging in ocean waters and sail boats scraping peeler crabs in summer, 110 vessels (fig. 1). Since 1921, the number has increased from 50 to about On the ocean side of the eastern shore of Accomack and Northampton counties of Virginia, 34 to 6 foot dredges were once used. Since 1937 dredges have been limited to 3 feet in width iad must be hand-drawn, not power-lifted, into the boat. Since its inception, the Virginia dredge fishery has landed from 10 to 30 percent of the total Virginia hard crab catch and at present accounts for about 20 percent of the landings. About 4 percent of the winter catch comes from the ocean-side bays. Dredging was first permitted in Maryland in the winter of 1947-1948. Three-foot wide, hand-drawn dredges are now used in Chincoteague Bay, Sinepuxuent Bay, Isle of Wight Bay, and Assawoman Bay and their tributaries in Worcester County, Md. (fig. 2). The Maryland winter catch is about one-third of the Virginia oceanside catch. When trotline and pot catches in late November or early April are very low and insuffici- ent numbers of crabs are being landed or shipped in to meet market demands, the Virginia Commission of Fisheries may permit crab dredging to begin as early as November 16 or last until April 16. LITERATURE CITED ANDREWS, EMMETT 1947, Crab Pot Construction (Chesapeake Bay Type). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fishery Leaflet No. 262, 4 pp. 1948, Trotline Construction, Operation, and Maintenance (Chesapeake Bay Type). U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fishery Leaflet No. 291, 5 pp. BUCK, W. R.j III, and VAN ENGEL, W. A. 1960, A Study of Zinc Anodeson Crab Pots. Summary Report to the American Zinc Institute, Unpublishedms., 7 pp. CARGO, DAVID G, 1954, Maryland Commercial Fishing Gears, III. The Crab Gears. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Educa- tional Series No. 36, 18 pp. CHAPELLE, HOWARD I, 1955, "Some American Fishing Launches, Fishing Boats of the World, pp. 1-12. Edited by Jan-Olof Traung. Arthur J. Heighway Publications Ltd., London. CHURCHILL, E: Ps Jz. 1919, Crab Industry of Chesapeake Bay, Appendix IV to the Report of the U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries, 1918, Bureau of Fisheries Document No, 868, pp. 1-25. CRONIN, LEWIS EUGENE, 1950. The Maryland Crab Industry, 1949, Chesapeake Bio- logical Laboratory, Publication No. 84, 41 pp. LEWIS, B. F. 1938, Trap. U. S. Patent Office, Patent No. 2,123,471. MARYLAND CONSERVATION DEPARTMENT 1924-1941, Annual Reports, 1923-1940. Baltimore and Annapolis. MARYLAND DEPARTMENT OF TIDEWATER FISHERIES 1942. Nineteenth Annual Report, 1941. Annapolis, 52 pp. MARYLAND BOARD OF NATURAL RESOURCES 1944-1959, Annual Reports, 1941-1959, Annapolis. QUITTMEYER, CHARLES L. 1950, The Marketing of Virginia Seafood. Advisory Coun- cil on the Virginia Economy, Richmond, vol. I, p- v+ 83; Vol. Il, pp. 84-155. Mimeographed. 1957. The Seafood Industry of the Chesapeake Bay States of Maryland and Virginia (A Study in Private Manage- ment and Public Policy). Advisory Council on the Virginia Economy, Richmond, pp. xx + 295. Mimeo- graphed. RATHBURN, RICHARD 1887. The Crab, Lobster, Crayfish, Rock Lobster, Shrimp, and Prawn Fisheries. The Fisheries and Fishery Indus- tries of the United States, Sect. V. vol. 2, pt. 21, ppe 627-810. By George Brown Goode and Associ- ates. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. ROBERTS, WINTHROP A. 1905. The Crab Industry of Maryland. Report of the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, 1904, U. S. Government Print- ing Office, Washington, De C. pp. 415-432. U. S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES: 1922-1941. Fishery Industries of the United States, 1920- 1938. Reports of the U. S. Commissioner of Fisher- ies, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, Dic. U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE 1942-1961. Fishery Statistics of the United States, 1939- 1959, Statistical Digests, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE 1961. Chesapeake Fisheries - 1960. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, C.F.S. No. 2685, 7 pp. VAN ENGEL, W. A. 1954, Prepared Crab Products Growing in Popularity. Frosted Food Field, April, pp. 19-20; Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Contr. No. 51. 1958. The Blue Crab and Its Fishery in Chesapeake Bay. Part 1, Reproduction, Early Development, Growth and Migration. Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 20, no. 6 (June), pp. 6-17. Also Separate No. 512. Virginia Institue of Marine Science, Contr. No. 79. WHARTON, JAMES 1956. The Pot at the End of the Rainbow. Baltimore Sunday Sun, June 3, Baltimore, Md. ooooa0ada September 1962 ar oo Dect sh Fishing Vessel and Gear Developments EQUIPMENT NOTE NO. 13-- SOVIET TRAWLERS OBSERVED IN GULF OF ALASKA: On May 5, 1962, two Soviet trawlers were observed by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research vessel John N. Cobb on the Albatross Gully grgunds s (vicinity of 57°59! N. latitude, 149°51! W. longitude) in the Gulf of Alaska (fig. 1). These grounds are heavy producers of halibut for the United States and Canadian long-line fleets. They also yielded up to ten metric tons of Pacific ocean perch (Sebastodes alutus) per hour of Soviet exploratory trawling in 1960(Moiseev and Paraketsov 1961). The Albatross Gully grounds, along with grounds south of Unimak Island and southwest of the Shumagin Islands, are considered likely areas for expansion of the Soviet's Pacific ocean perch trawl fishery. Fig. 1 - One of two similar Soviet trawlers encountered May 5, 1962, by M/V John N, Cobb in the Gulf of Alaska. The Soviet vessels observed from the John N. Cobb were identical side trawlers with estimated lengths of 160 to 170 feet. They bore identification numbers SRT-R- 9162 and SRT-R-9165. Twenty-two crew members (including one woman) were ob- served on deck of one vessel when first con- tact was made. Otter boards used by the Soviet trawlers were oval-shaped and were used to spreada large trawl net of synthetic construction SSS aS — AND EDEVELO PMENTS' COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 11 Fig. 2 - Soviet trawler hauling net containing an estimated 15,000 pounds of Pacific ocean perch. which appeared to be rigged to fish just above the bottom (fig. 2). The net may have been a bottom herring trawl of the type reported adopted for Pacific ocean perch fishing inthe Gulf of Alaska (Lubimova 1961). Anestimated 80 to 100 metal floats were observed attached to the headrope of the net and there were about 12 droppers, each about one-fathom long, spaced along the footrope of the net. One "sash weight" estimated to weigh about 40 pounds was attached to the end of each drop- per. When the sash weights contact the bot- tom, the reduced weight on the footrope ap- parently allows the net to raise enough to clear small obstructions. The wings and in- termediate section of the net appeared to be of double mesh construction. No gilled fish were seen in two catches observed at close range. A tracing of the net used by one of the Soviet trawlers was obtained on the John N. Cobb's white-line echo-sounder (fig. 3). The tracing clearly shows the trawl warps and outline of the trawl while it was fishing at a U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE SEP. NO. 656 12 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Russian Trawl Warps ak ban Russian Traw! Nef : sts Concentiabians AS Ocean Floor Fig. 3 - BEERS caching Sbraimea ee M/V John N. Cobb of Soviet trawl warps and net at depth of 120 fathoms. depth of 120 fathoms. The proportion of the vertical scale on the echo-sounder tracing occupied by the net indicates the net's head- rope was from 25 to 30 feet above the ocean bottom. An estimated 15,000 pounds of Pacific ocean perch were caught in the haul from which the echo tracing was obtained. Asub- sequent haul, when the net apparently snag- ged on a bottom obstruction, yielded an es- timated 3,000 pounds of Pacific oceanperch. Both catches were dumped directly into the vessel's hold, which prevented accurate ob- servation of the species caught. However, no species other than Pacific ocean perch could be seen in the net while it was along- side the vessel or when the catches were lifted aboard. A great deal of echo-sounding was done by the Soviet trawlers prior to actual setting of their nets. This apparently was necessary to determine the type of bottom and to locate schools of Pacific ocean perch. The two trawlers coordinated their echo-sounding and trawling for maximum efficiency of opera- tions. LITERATURE CITED LUBIMOVA, T. G. 1961. Gcean Perch in the Gulf of Alaska. Rybnoe Khozaist Khozaist- vo, no. 9, (English translation available in ) Circular No. 162, Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, March 1962.) MOISEEV, P. A., and PARAKETSOV, I. A. 1961. Information on the Ecology of Rockfishes (family Scor- penidas) of the Northern Part of the Pacific Ocean. Ikhtiologii, vol. 1, no. 1. (English trans- Tan Bape as "Translation Series No, 358, Fish- eries Research Board of Canada, 1961.) --By A. T. Pruter, Fishery Research Biologist, Branch of Exploratory Fishing, Division of Industrial Research, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Seattle, Wash, <= =P =P (<> Vol. 24, No. 9 Alaska SOVIET AND JAPANESE FISHING OFF ALASKA, JUNE 1962: Soviet and Japanese fishing efforts in the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska remain high. In the Bering Sea, fishing concentrations ap- pear to have shifted westward, except for the king crab mothership operations of both na- tions. At last report, the Japanese king crab mothership Tokei Maru was operating just north of Cold Bay. The Soviet king crabves- sel Andrey Zakharov was last reported just off Port Moller. Fig. ie - Spon king crab cOaRnnA drey Zakharov, op- erating in Bering Sea, July 5, 1961. Two Japanese shrimp factory vessels were working northwest of the Pribilof igi lands at approximately 58° N. 170° W. The two vessels are the EHinin Maru and the Kaiko Maru. The Einin Maru's production target is 300,000 cases for 1962. As of June 15 this vessel had produced over 100,000 cases. At the present rate of production, the factoryship is expected to reachits tar - get. She has been on the fishing grounds since May 1 and has been producing an av- erage of 2,500 to 3,000 cases of shrimp a day. The Kaiko Maru is known to be taking large quantities ‘of shrimp also; however, neither her production target nor her fishing success is known. Fig. 2 - Japanese shrimp Gkioahin eee Einin Mane, ‘Bering Sea, June 27, 1961. September 1962 Fig. 3 - Japanese whale factory p Tonan Maru, operating in Bering Sea, July 11, 1961. Both Japanese and Russian whaling ves- sels have been reported in considerable numbers along the Aleutian Chain. Most of the activity has been centered around the Amchitka Pass and Rat Islands. The Japa- nese in particular seem to be having good success this year. Twice they have been ob- served to find and take a complete school of whales. Japanese motherships fishing for salmon have not fished in the Bering Sea but have remained south of the Aleutian Islands and west of the 180th parallel, at least during the period from June 7 to June 24. Soviet and Japanese exploratory vessels have been sighted in many areas of the Gulf. The Japanese exploratory fishing trawler Izumo Maru was prospecting about 100 miles south of Seward. The Russian trawler CT 4454 was sighted approximately 30 miles off Biorka Island near Sitka on June 22. The vessel was believed fishing for ocean perch. At last report, a considerable number of Russian and Japanese trawlers were work- ing near the Trinity Islands off Kodiak. Steabstek ston slew sii 78. SALMON FISHERY TRENDS, JUNE 1962: Southeastern Alaska: Due to the continued failure of the early runs of salmon to north- ern waters of Southeastern Alaska, the Icy Strait district and Western district were closed to salmon purse-seining until July 10. Pink salmon to date have been of extremely small size and the number of chum salmon was disappointing. At last report, the only district open to purse-seining in Southeast- ern Alaska was the outside section of the west coast district. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 13 Central Alaska: The salmon runs to Cen- tral Alaska are apparently stronger this year. The Cordova district, which includes the Copper and Bering Rivers, has packed 2,411 cases of kings and 58,866 cases of reds. This indicates a very good run for the Cor- dova district. Western Alaska: The red salmon run to Bristol Bay appears to be shaping up about as expected. Last year at this time the pack of red salmon amounted to 303,382 cases. To date this year the pack is 61,091 cases. se ose sk ose ok as GP HERRING FISHERY: The herring reduction fishery in Alaska for 1962 began on June 12. The only reduc- tion plant operating this season is the one located at Washington Bay. Although only 3 seiners are fishing, the catches have been so heavy the plant has been unable to keep pace with the deliveries. Approximately 450 tons of herring had been delivered by June 17. The age composition of the catch during the first week was: 19 percent 4-year-old fish, 67 percent 5-year-olds, 13 percent 6-year - olds, and 1 percent 7-year-olds. Catch per unit of effort has been 820 pounds per ton day. This approaches the maximum catch per unit of effort obtained in 1961. TANNER CRAB FISHERY: Trawling explorations in Southeast Alaska for marketable tanner crabs (Choenocetes bairdii), undertaken in mid-May by a Juneau firm with the vessel Neptune, were discon- tinued in mid-June after a thorough search failed to reveal commercial concentrations in trawlable waters. Depths from 10 to 110 fathoms were surveyed near Juneau, in Icy Strait, Northern Lynn Canal, and offshore at Cape Fairweather. The catch in each area averaged 100 market-size tanner crabs per one hour drag; about 50 percent ofthe crabs had recently moulted and were soft. Alaska Fisheries Investigations The following is a report of June 1962 activities and studies bythe U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Labora- tory, Auke Bay, Alaska. 14 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW HERRING INVESTIGATIONS: The herring tag recovery apparatus atthe Washington Bay herring reduction plant was activated early in the month. This operation is part of a biological research study to de- fine the contributions of various stocks of herring to the commercial fishery, to plot migration routes, and to obtain an estimate of natural and fishing mortality in herring populations. 7K OK Oe 3K SALMON FRY MIGRATIONS: The salmon fry migration from Grassy Point Creek at Karluk Lake dropped to a very low level in the first week of June, whereas the Meadow Creek run peaked at that time. Both camps were closed by June 23, with the arrival of adult reds off the creek mouths. Between 266,000 and 327,000 fry migrated from Grassy Point into Karluk Lake during the study period. Meadow Creek contributed between 650,000 to 728,000 fry during the same period. The smolt out-mi- gration from Karluk Lake for the period May 18 through June 23 was estimated at 1,494,000. This estimate includes both tails of the mi- gration curve. The spring adult red salmon migration into Karluk Lake up to and includ- ing June 21 has totaled 104,494 spawners. The run was Sampled every fourth day to ob- tain length, sex, and age data. Four high- seas tagged reds had passed through the weir. ok OOK ook OK Ok BRISTOL BAY RED SALMON STUDIES: The red salmon out-migration from the Naknek Lakes was the largest since the Nak- nek smolt studies started in 1956. This year an eStimated 15,000,000 red salmon smolt left the Naknek Lakes. The previous peak year was 1959, when the smolt out-migra- tion was estimated at 12,000,000. The Ugas- hik River smolt out-migration was very large also, with the index catch being within a few thousand of the 1958 peak index catch of 456,000. The out-migration estimate for this year is nearly 16,000,000, while the 1958 out-migration estimate was 11,000,000. AK DE KE ES KING CRAB STUDIES: All research data collectedby the Bureau's Montlake Biological Laboratory on king crab south of the Alaska Peninsula have been transferred to the Auke Bay Biological Lab- oratory in Alaska. The Auke Bay Laboratory Vol. 24, No. 9 is now responsible for tag recovery and a- nalyses of king crab data resulting from the trawl survey conducted in cooperation with the International Pacific Halibut Commis - sion. In mid-June, the Commission begana second trawl survey of the continental shelf bordering the Gulf of Alaska. Operations will extend from Kodiak Island to Cape Spen- cer and will use three trawlers. Plans were made to place a Bureau observer aboard one Commission vessel which will operate out of Kodiak. Arrangements have also been made to charter the 80-foot vessel Paragon to tag king crabs in the offshore waters between Chirikof Island and the Shumagin Islands. Kk Kk OK ok ok PACIFIC HERRING MAY BE SERIOUS PREDATOR OF PINK SALMON FRY: Studies of the early salt water life of pink salmon at Little Port Walter in southeastern Alaska indicate the Pacific herring may be a serious predator of pink salmon fryin that area, according to an article in the latest Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, an international fisheries research publication. In May 1960, the stomach contents of 537 herring were examined by the author of the article. The fish had been caught by beach seines and gill nets fished in the bay near the stream mouth during the peak of the pink salmon fry migration. He found that 286 herring stomachs held pink salmon fry. The average number of fry in each stomach was 14. The author, who is a biologist at the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Laboratory at Auke Bay, Alaska, stated that herring ap- pear in the bay at Little Port Walter occa- sionally throughout the year. He said the herring often concentrate there in large schools during the spring and summer months, the same time young pink salmom enter salt water fromthe spawning streams. Observations by other biologists confirm the report of herring eating salmon fry. A biologist for the Fisheries Research Insti- tute, University of Washington, observed herring chasing and eating salmon fry in Uyak Bay, Kodiak Island, during 1958 and 1959. He examined the stomachs of herring caught by beach seine in Browns Lagoon, Uyak Bay, and found as many as 10 fry ina single herring stomach. In 1962, another Bureau of Commercial Fisheries biologist September 1962 repeated many of the observations made by the author of the article on herring preda- tion upon pink salmon fry entering the Little Port Walter estuary. The addition of herring to the list of salmon predators does not necessarily mean that predation by herring is general. Accord- ing to the Auke Bay Laboratory biologist, the extent and areas of predation are not known. He pointed out, however, that the Little Port Walter observations, and those made at Uyak Bay, demonstrate that predation upon salm- on fry by herring does occur in widely sep- arated areas, and has been observed upon several occasions in different years. Alaska Fisheries Exploration and Gear Research TRAWLER CHARTERED FOR KING CRAB EXPLORATIONS: The steel-hulled Seattle trawler Yaquina, a 75-foot vessel, was selected in June 1962 for this summer's work by the Bureau's Ex- ploratory Fishing and Gear Research Base, Juneau. Acontract charter was signed early in July. The vessel departed for Portlock Bank near Kodiak Island to begin a six-week survey of the commercial potential of king crab and associated stocks. The vessel is expected to be used continuously until No- vember on two additional six-week surveys, one for Sewardarea shrimp explorations and the other for Southeastern Alaska bottomfish explorations. American Dietetic Association ANNUAL MEETING: The 45th Annual Meeting of the American Dietetic Association will be held in Miami Beach, Fla., October 9-12, 1962. Daytime sessions for the first three days willbeheld at the Auditorium where an extensive exhibi- tion of food service equipment and food prod- ucts will be on display. On the last day, ses - sions will be held at the Deauville and Caril- lon, the joint headquarters hotels. Several sessions will be devoted to diet and nutrition. Attention will be given to atherosclerosis and one of the speakers on COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 15 this subject will talk on ''Fats, Rats, Chicken, and Men." A session on obesity and weight control will include a talk on "Nutritional Deficiencies in Other Parts of the World." Disaster feeding and civil defense will be considered at another session. Food service administration will be the subject of another session. An associate professor of Michigan State University will talk on new trends in foods. Another speak- er will talk about producing quality foods. One speaker will discuss merchandising food, and another, ''New Trends in Food." California MIDWATER TRAWLING FOR SALMON FINGERLINGS CONTINUED: M/V Nautilus” Cruise 62-N-6b (June 11-15, 1962) and 62-N-6c (June 25-29, 1962): The capture of marked salmon fingerlings on their seaward migration was the objective of both trips by the California Department of Fish and Game research vessel Nautilus. The vessel operated in the Carquinez Strait, using a cotton midwater trawl with a15-foot square opening. Trawling was conducted be- tween 8 a.m. and 3 p.m., and each tow lasted 20 minutes. All tows were alternated be- tween upstream and downstream, and be- tween north shore, center, and south shore of the channel. Other Species Caught by Nautilus on Cruise 62-N-6b and 62-N-6c Number 6,000 (est.) 11,500 (est.) Species Norther anchovy (Engraulis mordax) Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) Striped bass (Roccus saxatilis) 3, 600 (est.) Sacramento smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys) . + | 2,000 (est.) King salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) 759 Northern midshipman (Porichthys notatus) 25 American shad (Alosa sapidissima) 24 Splittail (Pogonichthys macrolepedotus) 24 Jacksmelt (Atherinopsis californiensis) 13 Starry flounder (platichthys stellatus Surfsmelt (Hypomesus pretiosus) Staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus) Walleye surfperch (Hyperprosopon argenteum) . Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii) Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus ao Shiner perch (Cymatogaster aggregata) Sacramento squawfish (Ptychocheilus grandis) 1/ . Night smelt (Spirinchus starksi) Three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). 1/New species appearing for first time since midwater trawling operations began on April 10, 1961. RRR RRP rENMYN OO A total of 109 tows completed in the Strait during the cruises yielded a total 16 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW catch of 755 king salmon(Oncorhynchus tsh- awytscha). Nineteen of these fish were marked recovieries. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1962 p. 9. Cans--Shipments for Fishery Products, January-May 1962 The amount of steel and aluminum con- sumed to make cans shipped to fish and shell- a fish canning plants dur- ing January-May 1962 was 0.4 percent above that used during the same period in 1961. Prior to this year, the figures coveredonly tinplate cans, but beginning with January 1962 aluminum cans are included. It is believed that only a small amount of aluminum is being used in cans used for fishery products at present. A total of 1,222,507 base boxes of steel (tinplate) and aluminum were used in the manufacture of cans shipped tofishery plants during the first five months of 1962, where- as in the same period of 1961 (when only tin- plate was reported), 1,217,306 base boxes of steel were consumed. More tuna, Maine sar- dines, and mackerel were canned inthe first five months of 1962 than in the same period of 1961. Note: Statistics cover all commercial and captive plants known to be producing metal cans. A "base box" is an area 31, 360 square inches, equivalent to 112 sheets 14" x 20" size. Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations TUNA STUDIES IN SOUTH PACIFIC CONTINUED: M/V “Charles H. Gilbert'' Cruise 56 (April 24-May 12, 1962): Long-line fishing for tuna and other climax predators in waters adjacent to Christmas Island was conducted during this cruise by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research vessel Charles H. Gilbert. The specimens obtained were to be used for studies by the University of Washington Lab- oratory of Radiation Biology. Five long-line fishing stations were oc- cupied at designated locations shownin figure 1. Sixty baskets of 180-fathom mainline gear Vol. 24, No. 9 KAUAI AO OAHU MOLOKAt o>, Maul 36S ¢ HAWAII 157°30' ° WASHINGTON ISLAND vy FANNING ISLAND CHRISTMAS ISLAND x LONG-LINE STATION CHRISTMAS ISLAND Fig. 1 - Track chart of Charles H. Gilbert Cruise 56 (April 24- May 12, 1962). with 16-fathom droppers were fished at sta- tions 6, 8, 13,and 17, and 20 baskets of sim- ilar gear were fished at station 22. The catch rate of tuna (per 100 hooks) rangedfrom1.1 at station 6 to 21.9 at station 13. A total of 154 yellowfin tuna, 9 big-eyed tuna, 1 wahoo, 1 sailfish, 1 black marlin, 1 lancetfish, and 15 sharks were caught at the 5 long-line sta- tions. Samples of eyes, liver, and muscle were taken from 51 yellowfin tuna, 6 big-eyed tuna, September 1962 1 wahoo, and 2 spearfish. Livers were taken from 3 sharks. Those samples, which were taken from long line-caught fish, were frozen for further study by the University of Wash- ington. Plankton and neckton were collected with 1-meter plankton nets and a 6-foot Isaac- Kidd midwater trawl. Eight 30-minute 0-50 meter oblique plankton tows and three 30- minute surface plankton tows were made with a 1-meter open net. A non-quantitative por - tion approximately one-fourth of each sam- ple was preserved in formalin. The remain- der was frozen. Settling volumes rangedbe- tween 205 and 250 ml. Three hauls with the 6-foot midwater trawl were made to a depth of approximately 70 meters. Water samples were collected to a depth of 1,200 meters using bottle casts. Six Nan- sen bottle casts (without reversing thermom- eters) were made to obtain water samples at the following depths: 25, 50, 100, and 300 meters. A five-gallon surface sample was obtained at each of the six stations by bucket. eae Collecting tuna blood sample. Blood samples were collected from tuna and marlin for serological studies at the Bureau's Biological Laboratory, Honolulu. A total of 142 blood samples were obtained from 131 yellowfin tuna, 9 big-eyed tuna, 1 black mar - lin, and 1 sailfish. Eighty-two BT casts and collections of surface salinity samples were made on runs between Honolulu and Christmas Island. Casts were made at intervals of approxi- mately 30 miles. Four BT casts were made in the survey area with a surface salinity COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW LZ sample collected at each. During this cruise, two night-light stations were held in the sur- vey area, and the thermograph was operated continuously. Four skipjack tuna schools and 17 un- identified schools were sighted during the cruise. On the run between Honolulu and Christ- mas Island, one case of drift bottles (20 bot- tles per case) was dropped each hour for the first 6 hours after departure, and after that, ong case was dropped every 3 hours until 15° N. On the return trip, one case of drift bottles was dropped at 15° N. and one case 3 hours later. M/V "Charles H. Gilbert" Cruise 57 (June 4-25, 1962): This cruise in the Line Islands area, principally off Christmas Island, by the Charles H. Gilbert was also concerned with long-line fishing for tuna and other climax predators needed as specimens in studies by the University of Washington. Five long-line fishing stations were oc- cupied at the locations shown in figure 2. Sixty baskets of 6-hook, 210-fathom main- line gear with 16-fathom droppers were fished at each station. The catch rate of tuna (per 100 hooks) ranged from 1.1 atsta- tion 16 to 3.9 at station 21. A total of 28 yellowfin tuna, 3 big-eyed tuna, 12 skipjack tuna, 1 wahoo, 1 striped marlin, 1 lancetfish, and 21 sharks were caught at the five long- line stations. Samples of eyes were taken from 8 yel- lowfin and 2 skipjack tuna; samples of liver from 27 yellowfin, 3 big-eyed, and 12 skip- jack tuna, 1 wahoo, 1 striped marlin; sam- ples of muscle from 27 yellowfin, 3 big- eyed, 12 skipjack tuna, 1 wahoo, 1 striped marlin. The tissues were taken from long- line-caught fish and frozen for further study by the University of Washington. Plankton and nekton were collected using 1-meter plankton nets and a 6-foot midwater trawl. Thirteen 30-minute 0-50 meter, one 0-100 meter oblique plankton tows, and five 30-minute surface plankton tows were made with a 1-meter open net. Settling volumes ranged from 75 to 1,150 ml. Two hauls with the 6-foot midwater trawl were made toa depth of approximately 55 and 64 meters, respectively. Water samples were collected to a depth of 300 meters with bottle casts. Five bottle 18 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 160° KAUAI OAHU YQ MOLOKAI MAUI HAWAII LEGEND: “p LIVE-BAIT FISHING @ LONG-LINE FISHING x PLANKTON TOW 5B MIDWATER TRAWL WASHINGTON — ISLAND FANNING ISLAND CHRISTMAS ISLAND Fig. 2 - Track chart of Charles H. Gilbert Cruise 57 (June 4- 25, 1962). casts (without reversing thermometers) were made to obtain water samples at depths of 25, 50, 100, and 300 meters. A 5-gallon surface water sample was obtained at each station by bucket. Blood samples for serological studies were collected from: (1) up to 300 skipjack Vol. 24, No. 9 taken by live-bait fishing methods, (2) 191 skipjack and 2 yellowfin tuna caught by live- bait fishing at 03°08' N., 157°01' W., (3) all tunas and marlins taken by long-line fishing, and (4) 28 yellowfin, 3 big-eyed, and 12 skip- jack tuna, 1 wahoo, 1 striped marlin (all of these were caught by long line). Other bio- logical and oceanographic data were collected. M/V "Charles H. Gilbert" Cruise 58 (July 10-19, 1962): The Hawaiian waters from Oahu to French Frigate Shoals were explored during this cruise by the Charles H. Gilbert. A total of 37 fish schools (based on sight - ings of bird blocks) were recorded during the period. Twenty-two of the schools were observed while within the area of the fishery, including the first scouting leg west of Niihau, and 15 schools were observed to the west. One school was composed of yellowfin tuna estimated to consist of fish weighing 125 pounds each, 7 were skipjack, and 29 were unidentified. One yellowfin, 1 unidentified, and 4 skip- jack schools were fished, with a catch from two schools of 39 skipjack. Both the schools were fished in an area 40-60 miles west of Niihau--16 skipjack averaging 25 pounds each were caught from one school and 23 43- pound skipjack from a second school. Other results of the cruise were: 1. Nine night and 6 daylight surface plankton collections were made using a 1- meter net. 2. Sixteen blood samples were collected from the 25-pound skipjack caught about 60 miles west of Niihau. 3. Trolling for 104 hours resulted in a catch of 13 little tunny, 6 yellowfin, 1 skip- jack (4 were lost), 3 dolphin (1 lost), and 1 wahoo. Two little tunny and 2 yellowfin were returned for skeletal studies. 4. Drift bottles and cards were released in groups of about 100 at four locations off eastern Oahu, namely Manana Island, Kailua Bay, Mokolii Island, and Laie Point. 5. Live bait was obtained from three sources: (a) mosquito fish from airport drain- age ditches, (b) tilapia from the State Fish and Game bait plant, and (c) iao from French Frigate Shoals. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1962 p. 8. September 1962 Crab Meat NEW CRAB-PICKING MACHINE INVENTED: A power-driven crab-picking portable machine that could reyolutionize crab processing has been invented in North Carolina. Francis Altman, the inventor, who is manager of a crab-processing plant in Oriental, N. C., believes that the machine is the first of its kind to use a dry process, The in- ventor holds the patent rights jointly with another resident of Oriental, N. C. The latter and his brother jointly own two crab plants in North Carolina which process and pack a pas~ teurized brand of crab meat--one is located in Oriental and the other in Whortonsville. Fig. 1 - Sketch of crab-picking machine. Shows some detail of the various parts of the machine. Built of stainless steel, the portable machine is fed from two sides. The meat is separated from the shell cleanly, and then comes out on a conveyor and is raked into cans, The crab meat is still encased in the shell when it is fed into the machine that the patent-right holders have named ‘‘The Crab Master.’’ Three people are needed to operate the machine. Two feed it, the other rakes in the meat. Some 15 to 17 work- ers will be required to ‘‘deback’’ and ‘‘bob’’ the crabs before they can be placed in the picking machine. By hand the crab is first debacked--that is, its hard top shell is removed; then its meaty portions are cut into pieces about the size of ordinary cup cakes, These portions are placed by women into rotary cups. Each of the rotary containers has eight unit heads. The portions fit snugly in the cups. A fast worker can feed the bobbed portions into each side of the machine at a rate of up to 150 per hour, ‘*This machine,’’ the inventoor states, ‘‘will actually do the work of 60 to 70 workers and require the services of not more than 20 persons in the course of an eight-hour work day.’’ This means that the machine and 20 workers can proc ess as much crab meat in an eight-hour day as 60 to 70 wom- en workers now produce by using the age-old method of pick- ing the’meat from the shells by hand, Altman spent more than two years in building the crab meat picker, The machine costs about $8,000 to build. The inventor has demonstrated his machine to crab processors in North Carolina and other states. The North Carolina Board of Conservation and Development and its chairman, the Governor of North Carolina, have expressed great interest in the new machine, The machine will be manufactured by a company in Balti- more, Md. Plans at present are to build at least 12 of the machines in addition to the prototype model the inventor is now demonstrating. The present holders of the patent rights plan to retain the patent rights, They plan to lease the ma- chine to crab processors at the rate of about $3 per hour, The machine will not be sold outright. Crab processing is a fast-growing industry in North Caro- lina, In 1961, according to the U. S. Bureau of Commercial COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 19 vAOTO = TXeL mOnins CRAM DANTE Fig. 2 - Francis Altman, right, beside the crab-picking machine he invented. At Oriental, N. C., a crab-processing plant em- ployee feeds bobbed crabs into the machine where the meat is separated from the shell. The machine is patented. Fisheries, North Carolina ranked fourth in landings of hard blue crabs in the Nation with a record of more than 16 mil- lion pounds, Under North Carolina law, blue crabs can be taken year-round, Pasteurized crab meat is taking its place in the crab in- dustry of North Carolina. North Carolinians eat some crab meat, but the State’s processors find their best markets for about all they can process in Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York City, where it is shipped daily under contract. (News release dated July 15, 1962, from the North Carolina Department of Conservation and Development.) P=) Federal Purchases of Fishery Products DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PURCHASES, JANUARY-JUNE 1962: Fresh and Frozen: For the use of the Armed Forces under the Department of De- fense, less fresh and frozen fishery products were purchased in June 1962 by the Defense Subsistence Supply Centers than in the pre- vious month. The decline was 6.8 percentin quantity and 7.6 percent in value. Table 1 - Fresh and Frozen Fishery Products Purchased by Defense Subsistence Supply Centers, June 1962 with Comparisons (1, 000. Lbs. 1,593 Compared with the same month a year earlier, purchases in June 1962 were up 48.0 percent in quantity and 89.2 percent in value. This shows that higher-priced fish- ery products were purchased this June be- cause the value of the purchases increased 20 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW much more than the quantity. During thefirst six months of 1962, purchases were up 10.1 percent in quantity and 27.3 percent in value as compared with the same period in 1961. Again, because of the purchase of higher - priced fishery products and an increase in the price of most fishery products, the value increased more than the quantity. Prices paid for fresh and frozen fishery products by the Department of Defense in June 1962 averaged 56.3 cents a pound, 0.6 cents a pound less than in the previous month, but 12.2 cents a pound more than in the same month of 1961. Table 2 - Canned Fishery Products Purchased by Defense Subsistence Supply Centers, June 1962 with Comparisons [_Jan.-June _| 1961 | 1962 | 1961 [1962] 1961 | 1962 | 1961 oe ‘T/Less than $1, 000 Canned: Canned sardines were the princi- pal canned fishery product purchased for use of the Armed Forces in June this year. For the first six months of this year purchases of canned tuna and salmon were up substan- tially as compared with the same period of 1961. But purchases of canned sardines dur - ing the first half of 1962 were down because of the short packs of both Maine and Cali- fornia sardines during 1961. Purchases of the three principal canned fishery products (tuna, salmon, and sardines) in the first 6 months of 1962 were up 73.3 percent inquan- tity and 123.2 percent in value as compared to the same period in 1961. The greater in- crease in value was due to larger purchases of canned salmon and an increase inthe price of canned tuna. Note: Armed Forces installations generally make some local purchases not included in the data given; actual total pur- chases are higher than indicated because local purchases are not obtainable. va Fish Meal NEW PLANT PROPOSED FOR CAPE CHARLES, VA.: A new fish meal processing plant is planned at Cape Charles, Va. The plant will be in operation early in 1965, according to the ''Virginia-Pilot,"'a Norfolk, Va., news- Vol. 24, No. 9 paper. The new facility will represent a plant investment of about $1,750,000 with an annual payroll of from $300,000 to $400,000. An industry spokesman stated the operation will be carried on by a wholly-owned firm. The factory is estimated to cost $750,000, and will be located on Cape Charles Harbor on land owned by the Pennsylvania Railroad. The remainder of the plant investment will go for a fleet of six vessels costing from $150,000 to $200,000 each. It was reported that about 100 men will be employed on the vessels, and some 50 persons in the plant. The firm building the plant now operates plants in Wildwood, N. J., Moss Point, Miss., and Reedville, Va., but the Reedville plant will be closed when the Cape Charles opera- tion begins. It was reported that the firm was approached by both the Cape Charles township and by the Railroad concerning lo- cation of the plant. One of the advantages of the location is that it is nearer to both Ches- apeake Bay and Atlantic fishing areas than Reedville. Another advantage is that the plant's products can be shipped by rail from Cape Charles, which is not the case at Reed- ville. Fishy Odors and Flavors PROGRESS ON STUDIES TO DATE (JUNE 1962): In 1955 the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries initiated its first program on the chemistry of fishy odors and flavors by awarding a contract for the study to the Hor- mel Institute, University of Minnesota, Aus- tin, Minn. At that time, the potential causes of such fishy odors and flavors had not been thoroughly understood. The assumption was made that the primary cause of such odors was an oxidative splitting of the polyunsatu- rated fish oil fatty acids to shorter chain carbonyl compounds, some of which possess fishy odors and flavors. Dr. Jacques Chipault of the Hormel In- stitute began a comprehensive investigation of the chemistry of the oxidation of fish oils. Menhaden oil was oxidized by aeration and the numerous carbonyl compounds as musty, stale, sharp-acrid, putrid, and sweet. Work on qodens and Flavors at the Seattle September 1962 program, the Bureau's Technological Labo- ratory at Seattle conducted a study aimed at finding the chemical nature of compounds re- sponsible for the fishy odors and ‘lavors re- sulting from spoilage of the protein and other nitrogenous components of fish. This work was started by David Miyauchi in 1956 and continued after 1957 by Dr. Herraan Gronin- ger. Maurice E. Stansby, the Director of the Laboratory, noted that many of the odors being found associated with spoiled fish in this research by Miyauchi and Groninger seemed also to occur in many of the men- haden oils mixed in with various rancid or otherwise oxidative types of odors. Stansby, therefore, carried out some ex- periments, some of which were first re- ported at a conference of fishery technolo- gists at Davis, Calif., 1959. This work was continued and a paper, ''Speculations on Fishy Odors and Flavors," appearedin Food Technology, April 1962 (pages 28-32). In this paper the idea is presented that we should not distinguish sharply between fishy flavors in spoiling fish resulting from bacterial de- composition and fishy flavors in oxidizing oils. Rather, it is shown that these phenom- ena probably occur together in each case. Thus in fish oil, the fishy flavor may be due to chemical changes involving both straight oxidation of the fatty acids in fish oil, but also changes in small traces of nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur, or other components present in the oil may also play an important role. Work along this line froma general point of view is continuing at Seattle. Although Dr. Chipault began in 1959 some work on the possibility of some of these trace components of fish oils being involved in fishy odors in fish oils, it was felt that so many aspects were now*involved in the mechanism of fishy flavor development, that additional effort was needed to prevent Dr. Chipault's research from being spread over too many aspects. Research on Fishy Flavors: Accordingly, in 1960, a contract project was awarded for Dr. Mangold to investigate mechanisms for fishy odor and flavor development over and beyond straight oxidative deterioration. Dr. Mangold, previous to any contract work with the Bureau, had collaborated informally with Malins of the Seattle Laboratory in the adap- tation of thin-layer chromatography to the analysis of fish oils. This research has been of tremendous importance not only to the fish oil program, but also to lipids chemistry in general. Before Mangold and Malins! re- search, thin-layer chromatography was an COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 21 almost unknown technique used in very few laboratories, and it had never been applied to lipids. Largely as a result of the efforts of Mangold and Malins, this new technique was adapted to the lipid field, and today this method is finding rapidly increasing use in hundreds of laboratories in this country and elsewhere throughout the world. For two papers, which Mangold and Malins presented on thin-layer chromatography before the American Oil Chemists! Society, they jointly received a year ago the Bond Award for the best paper on oil chemistry of the year. Thin-layer chromatography as adapted by Mangold and Malins to fish oils is becoming of great value to the fish oil program, es- pecially with respect to monitoring reactions in preparing fish-oil derivatives. By apply- ing this new technique, it is now possible to improve upon such reactions, some of which had previously been studied and had to be discarded because in the past the analytical methods had not been good enough to follow all of the reactions occurring. When Dr. Mangold received his first con- tract from the Bureau on the fish oil pro- gram, the first problem was to have avail- able rapid methods for separation and de- termining the various nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur compounds suspected of being partially responsible for fishy flavors and odors in menhaden oil. He, therefore, de- veloped thin-layer chromatographic methods for analysis in fish oils of small traces of such compounds as mercaptans and amines. A paper describing these methods was pub- lished in 1962 (Mangold and Kammereck, The method is currently being used to ana- lyze fish oils to determine whether any of these types of compounds are associated with fishy odors common in fish oils. Another approach to fishy odors in fish oils is also being investigated by Dr. Man- gold. It is known that fish oils can be com- pletely deodorized and yet these will have reversion of the fishy odor or flavor. This return of a fishy odor on flavor sometimes occurs either in the absence of oxygen or when so little oxygen is present that some mechanism other than oxidation is suspected of being responsible. With some foods other than fish, a mechanism has very recently been proposed to account for similar behav - ior. It has been shown that some oils con- tain certain precursors of fishy or other off-flavors. These precursors are not just the triglycerides or fatty acids. Rather they 22 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW are a class of compounds related to plasma- logens, which have been termed "'aldehydro- genic compounds."’ These are labile com- pounds containing an ether linkage. They readily break down to aldehydes that possess fishy or similar flavors and odors. Dr. Man- gold is currently looking into the possibility that such compounds may play a role in the mechanism of fishy flavor formation in men- haden oils. Recent Work of Dr. Chipault: Since Dr. Mangold has been assigned to work in the area which Dr. Chipault had started to in- vestigate on ''fishiness" resulting from re- actions other than mere oxidative rancidity, Dr. Chipault's current project deals within- vestigation of odoriferous and other com- pounds formed from relatively pure highly polyunsaturated fish-oil fatty acids such as the C22 hexsenoic fatty acid. This phase of the work was. started in mid-1962. It is felt that past work of Dr. Chipault carried out in the early stages of the program(1955- 1959) has demonstrated that the situation during oxidation of fish oil triglycerides is too complicated for a reasonably small pro- gram to elucidate all the complex reactions. The present approach is being used because it is felt that the use of model systems with lesser numbers of reactants will enable the mechanism of fishy-rancid odor and flavor development to be much more quickly in- vestigated. Some somewhat similar studies are also in progress at the Seattle Labora- tory of the Bureau in a program unrelatedto the fish oil program yet which involves oxida- tion of relatively pure fish oil polyunsaturated fatty acids. This research, which is financed by the Atomic Energy Commission, may even- tually be of aid in accelerating results on the program on fishy odors in fish oils as cur- rently being studied by Dr. Chipault. Inter-relationship Between Program of Contractors at Hormel Institute and Other Research at Seattle Laboratory: Several pro- grams as listed below are being carried out at the Bureau Laboratory at Seattle, most of which are not directly a part of the fish oil program, yet which are giving results that are furthering the efforts of the contract re- search on fishy odors and flavors being car - ried out at Hormel Institute. These programs are as follows: Program Investigator Compounds Forming in Spoiling Fish Dr. Groninger Nature of Compounds Responsible for Fishy Odors M. E. Stansby Effect of Irradiation on Fish Oil Fatty Acids Dr. Stout Vol. 24, No. 9 Furnishing Palatable Fish Oil for Research at Other Institutions Stability of Fish Oil and Derivatives Gauglitz Houle It has been found throughout the contract investigations on fishy odors and flavors that it is highly desirable to maintain the closest liaison among the various projects concerned with this work. The biggest problem from this standpoint is the definitions of vocabu- lary terms describing various odors and flavors. Such subjective words as musty, stale, sweet, etc. mean different things to different people. For example, at Seattle Dr. Groninger was using "'stale'' to denote the same odor as Dr. Chipault at Hormel In- stitute had termed "'fishy.'' On one occasion Dr. Chipault ran into a new type of odor which he tried to describe in words but which meant nothing to other investigators. Later it de- veloped this was an odor which had been known at the Seattle Laboratory for many years and had always been described as 'sweet.' In order, so far as possible, to eliminate these difficulties, a series of workshop ses- sions has been held between personnel of the Seattle Laboratory and those of the Hormel Institute. For example, two such sessions were held last year, one at Seattle attended by Hormel Institute personnel and one at Hormel Institute attended by Stansby. Atthe latter session, Stansby took back dozens of samples of fishery products having many different odors and flavors. These samples were examined and terminology discussed. A similar session was scheduled during September 1962 in Seattle. There are other ways in which coopera- tion among these various programs is very helpful. An example of this concerns the Seattle production with the large-scale mo- lecular still of gallon quantities of palatable fish oil for research by outside agencies. In the course of this work, concentrates of "fishy" odors and flavors are removed dur- ing the refining steps. These are often sent to Dr. Chipault and/or Dr. Mangold as sources of compounds for their research into the chemistry of fishy odors and fla- vors. Also, some of the purified oils may still retain different types of fishy flavors and sometimes portions of these oils are sent for research at the Hormel Institute. September 1962 Fish Farming FISH CROP FROM FLOODED RICE LANDS: Ways to improve the production of fish on flooded rice lands are being studied at the new Fish Farming Experimental Station at Stuttgart, Arkansas, by the U. S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. All completed experimental ponds at the new station had been filled with either surface or ground water and stocked with fish by June 1962. Fig. 1 - Sketch of the Fish Farming Experi- mental Station, Stuttgart, Arkansas. Some of the ponds were fertilized to en- courage a growth of algae. The amount of fish harvested from any area is directlyre- lated to its fertility. Basic units in the con- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 23 version of inorganic elements to proteins and carbohydrates are the tiny microscopic plants known as algae. With the aid of en- ergy from the sun, these tiny organisms form the initial food particles which willul- timately end in a food fish. Tiny animals known as zooplankton feed on the algae. These are, in turn, consumed by small fish of nearly all species. Small fish are then pursued by predators which will eventually provide food for man. Such a cycleis known as a Food Chain. If the proper inorganic elements are lack- ing in a pond, few, if any, of the needed plants can grow and the pond is said to be infertile. In such cases commercial fertilizers are often added to encourage a "bloom" or growth of algae. Precautions must be taken toavoid over -fertilization lest an excessive bloom occur and cause an oxygen depletion on a hot, cloudy day. All species of fish are dependent upon zooplankton during their early life stages. In stocking a properly fertilized pond or reservoir, fishery biologists recommend using a variety of species which will use all of the available food with a minimum of com- petition among the species. Variations such as bluegill-bass; catfish-minnows; or catfish- buffalofish-bass are desirable combinations. Carp may be added to these combinations to control excess vegetation. It is possible, however, to raise only a single species ina pond or reservoir. The ponds at the Experimental Station at Stuttgart were stocked with different com- binations of species at varying rates. The Marion National Fish Hatchery supplied ea 6nway Rw | DRAINAGE DITCH ARKANSAS POWER at he if =a : > pump => nose LI \ ay LAS CONCRETE TANKS EUTURE) naananoann Won ea Wu uu _—z POND 18 POND 36 POND pe = Pod i4 POND 352 POND ae vias = | | | | i} 1 1 1 Fig. 2 - Diagram showing arrangement of the Station. 24 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 40,000 channel catfish and 12,000 crappies; the Corning National Fish Hatchery furnished 10,000 fingerling bass; and the Arkansas State hatchery at Lonoke, Arkansas, provided large-mouth buffalofish, fathead minnows, and Israeli carp. Two flathead catfish had been spawned successfully at the station by June 1962. Field studies are being made at the Sta- tion to (1) determine the species of fish best suited for culture; (2) find methods for ef- ficiently spawning fish and producing finger - lings for stocking purposes; (3) develop eco- nomical methods for raising desirable fish to a useful size; (4) develop controls for un- desirable species of fish; (5) develop suitable methods for harvesting fish; (6) develop con- trols for aquatic weeds; and (7) determine, in cooperation with the Department of Agri- culture and the Rice Branch Experiment Sta- tion, the effects of fish-rice rotationson soil fertility. Laboratory research includes studies on (1) parasites and diseases affecting fish raised in reservoirs and the development of control measures; (2) the effect of environ- mental changes on the physiology of fish; (3) the effects of agricultural chemicals on fish survival; (4) the nutritional requirements of fish; (5) improvement of strains of fish through selective breeding and mutation; and (6) improved techniques for spawning fish through the use of hormones and manipula- tion of the water quality. Fig. 3 - Biologist examining specimens in the laboratory at Stuttgart. Vol. 24, No. 9 Research facilities are provided withboth surface and ground water, and with air, gas, and electrical outlets. Office-laboratories for the research staff are equipped with the latest in scientific equipment. & 4 Fish Protein Concentrate BAKERY PRODUCTS WITH CONCENTRATE SAMPLED BY TASTE PANEL: During a recent palatability test in Seattle, Wash., only 8 men of a group of 33 were able to guess correctly which products contained fish protein concentrate. All of the men in the group were associated with the fishing in- dustry. A U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries home economist served the group but- ter cookies and bran muffins with and with- out fish flour. Each person rated the prod- ucts on palatability score sheets. Out of a possible perfect score of 100 percent, the products scored as follows: BUTTER COOKIES Sample A with fish protein concentrate 90.58 percent Sample B without fish protein concentrate 88.52 iY BRAN MUFFINS Sample A with fish protein concentrate 89.06 percent Sample B without fish protein concentrate 88.43" Florida NEW FISH BEHAVIOR LABORATORY: Construction of a fish behavior laboratory at the University of Miami is expected to be- gin this year, according to the Director of the University's Institute of Marine Science. Grants totaling $300,000 have been received for the new laboratory, which will cost $470,000. The International Oceanographic Foundation is trying to raise the remaining $170,000 from interested fishermen. This will be the first laboratory designed specifically for investigations of the behavior of living salt-water fish. Fourteen thousand square feet of research area willbe equipped with the latest apparatus for studying the activities and responses of all kinds of ma- vine life. Every laboratory room will have clear, running sea water with accurate tem- perature control. There also will be instru- ments for precise control of water sound, light, and chemical action. September 1962 Utilizing this new Controlled Environ- ments Building, scientists will be able to duplicate sea conditions or eventocreate a new environment for animals under study, using complex instruments to record their reactions. The building's design permits living specimens tobe transferred from the sea to tanks with maximum safety. Special pressurized tubular tanks up to 40 feet in length will enable investigators to study ex- tremely large fish under simulated condi- tions of great depth. Water in the tanks will be regulated for temperature, salinity, ox- ygen, carbon dioxide, acid-base relationship, and cloudiness. Filtered rooftop settling tanks will provide up to 600 gallons of water a minute. Complex electronic equipment will record and measure the nervous reactions of fish to various stimuli. In addition, there will be facilities for studying responses tothe earth's magnetic field; rooms shielded from magnet- ic attraction, outside sound and light; and at least one laboratory equipped with a Faraday cage to screen out outside interference while minute electrical impulses from nerves and muscle tissue are recorded. The new laboratory will help findanswers to many questions that have plagued fisher - men and marine scientists alike: How and why do fish migrate? What system of bio- logical navigation do they have? Whydothey feed only at certain times? Why do they pre- fer different types of bait on different occa- sions? In short--what goes on in the mind of a fish? Emphasis will be placed on "pure" sci- ence investigations such as studies of por - poise communication by sonar and the cur- rent research of the Institute on shark hear - ing systems, but the practical byproducts of such a facility should be of value to fisher - men. From its research projects may come new and effective forms of shark control, improved baits and lures, new data on the feeding habits and times of game fish, and accurate charting of the migrations of school fish. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1962 p. 17 and May 1962 p. 19. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 25 Great Lakes LAKE TROUT PLANTED IN LAKE MICHIGAN FROM FERRY: Experimental plantings of lake trout from the National Fish Hatchery, Charlevoix, Mich., were made during the early summer of 1962 in Lake Michigan, directly from the Chesa- peake and Ohio Ferry as it passed over the Milwaukee Reef. Nearly 73,000 lake trout weighing more than 3,800 pounds, were suc- cessfully planted in that way. Personnel and equipment from the State of Michigan's De- partment of Conservation assisted in the op- eration. OUTLOOK PROMISING FOR TRAWLING IN LAKE MICHIGAN: ~The future looks promising for trawl fish- ing in Lake Michigan with the start of the 1962 summer fishing season. In June, State of Mich- igan-licensed commercial fishermen had firm orders for all the chubs they could catch, plus a fair amount of alewives. A freezer with a 2-million-pound capacity is being built at the dock in Saugatuck, Mich. Ice machines, forklift, and other equipment were ordered, and the facility was expected to be in operation by late June or early July. The equipment and docking facilities are be- ing financed by a Saugatuck construction com- pany which has confidence in the future ofthe fish business in Lake Michigan. Details of the sea lamprey and lake trout programs for Lake Michigan were discussed by U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries personnel at a meeting in Milwaukee on June 15, 1962. The meeting was attended by mem- bers of the United States section of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission to discuss prob- lems concerning the budgets and program of the Commission. ORGANOLEPTIC EVALUATION OF FRESH-WATER HERRING: Because of increased interest by the Lake Superior fishing industry to better utilize lake herring from that Lake, the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries technological labo- ratory at Ann Arbor, Mich., has been making an organoleptic evaluation of herring products. About early summer, various lake herring products were placed in cold-storage at F. 26 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW to obtain preliminary information as to the effects of processing variables on their qual- ity. Fillets, headed and gutted, and whole her- ring, with no glaze, an ice glaze, or an algi- nate glaze were individually heat-sealed in cellophane pouches. Breaded herring fillets were also put up, replacing the conventional egg batter in one lot with a thin alginate dip before applying the breading. The samples are being held at 0° F. and are scheduled for periodic organoleptic examinations, follow- ing final processing (to a breaded fillet and deep-fat frying). A one-month examination of the various herring fillet products in storage was con- ducted early in July 1962. The one-month examination did not reveal any marked dif- ferences between lots of fillets or with the control, although the products treated with alginate received slightly fewer deduction points for flavor and texture defects. The examinations are to be continued at regular intervals. ol) Great Lakes Fishery Investigations WESTERN LAKE SUPERIOR FISHERY SURVEY CONTINUED: M/V “Siscowet™ Cruise 2 (June 4-14, 1962): Spring environmental conditions were studied at three limnological stations in the Apostle Islands region--southeast of Stock- ton Island, northeast of Bear Island, and in Pike's Bay. Routine limnological collections included records of water temperatures, Secchi-disc readings, water samples for chemical analyses, and bottom and plankton samples. The water temperature did not change during the early part of the cruise, but by mid-June surface water tempera- tures in Some areas had reached 55> F. Secchi-disc readings ranged from 10 feet in Pike's Bay to 25 feet northeast of Bear Is- land. Plankton abundance was relatively low at all stations. Studies were continued on the distribution and abundance of native and hatchery-reared lake trout in the Apostle Islands area. Most of the lake trout caught in that area were from the 15- to 25-fathom depth range. With the completion of Cruise 2, the Sis- cowet in 1962 had captured 497 small lake Vol. 24, No. 9 trout, of which 477 (96 percent) were fin- clipped. Of the recaptured hatchery-reared fish planted before 1962, a total of 252 (64 percent) were from the 1961 Bayfield shore plant, 115 (29 percent) were from the 1960 shore plant, and 22 (6 percent) were from the 1959 boat plant. Those returns support evidence obtained during the 1961 season that the success of the 1960 plant was excel- lent, and that results from the 1959 plant were poor. The first-year survival of the 1961 plant appeared to be excellent. Trawling with the Siscowet during, and immediately after the release of approxi- mately 20,000 lake trout from shore, con- firmed observations made in 1961 that the fish reach suitable trout habitat (15 fathoms, 1 mile from shore) in 33 to 4 hours after planting. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Aug. 1962 p. 18. Doe pt pa 1G: bs Wa: Ersueed: Erde 0 LAKE ERIE FISH POPULATION SURVEY CONTINUED: M/V “Musky II” and M/V “Madtom" (July 1962): Vessel operations in July were mainly exploratory, and to ascertain the rel- ative abundance and distribution of young- of-the-year fish. The Musky II made 35 off- shore trawl tows, mostly in the Sandusky and Islands regions. The Madtom, a16-foot out- board craft, made 55 tows at depths of 4 to 15 feet in selected areas along the south shore, between Monroe, Mich., and Barcelona, N. Y. Numerous fish collections were pre- served and measurements recorded for later analysis. LT, s Gizzard shad In the western basin, the 1962 hatch and survival appeared to have been exceptional- ly good for yellow pike, yellow perch, white bass, alewives, gizzard shad, and spot-tail shiners. Collections later in the seasonwill be necessary to fully evaluate the spawning success of channel catfish, sheepshead, em- erald shiners, and smelt. In general, how- ever, a good year was indicated for most species. September 1962 Yellow Pike (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) Young-of-the-year (yellow pike) and yel- low perch were uniformly distributed through- out the western basin. Approximately 700 yellow pike were caught during July alone, which far exceeded the number of fingerlings taken in any previous year. A single 10- minute tow yielded an estimated 70,000 young yellow perch, and many other tows yielded 5,000 to 10,000 of that species. Collectively, the tows averaged about three times as many young yellow perch as were caught in1959-- the year in which the largest previous year- class on record was produced. Yellow perch (and the young of most other species) were caught at depths of 5 to 10 feet. Yellow pike were most numerous at depths of 10 to 12 feet. In contrast to the abundance of small fish in the western basin, trawling with the Mad- tom for 3 days along the south shore of the central and eastern basins revealed only limited numbers of young fish. The fishwere considerably smaller than in the western basin, probably because of the later hatching period and cooler water temperatures. Large numbers of yellow perch were observed in the harbor at Erie, Pa. No young yellow pike were caught east of Vermilion, Ohio. In the western basin, the growth of the young of all species appeared to be general- ly comparable to growth in other years. By the end of July, yellow pike were averaging 5 inches in length; yellow perch, 23 inches; and white bass, 2 inches. The Musky II made biweekly visits to two stations in the central basin as part of acon- tinuing study of oxygen deficiencies at the lower depths. Dissolved oxygen deter mina- tions and depth casts were made at 5-mile intervals. Oxygen deficiencies were noted in only a few of the many water samples taken, which was in contrast to 1961 when depletion was extensive in July of that year. Surface water temperatures averaged about 75° F. in the western sector of the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 27 lake and 70° F. in the central and eastern basins, and fluctuated little during the month. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Aug. 1962 p. 21. Gulf Exploratory Fishery Program BURROWING BEHAVIOR OF PINK SHRIMP STUDIED: M/V "George M. Bowers” Cruise 37 (April 19-21 and 26-28, 1962), 38 (May 10- 15), 39 (June 12-28): Field experiments on the behavior phase of the shrimp gear re- search project in the Gulf of Mexico were the objectives of these cruises by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research vessel George M. Bowers. Cruises 37 and 38 were conducted in Mississippi Sound where conditions were unfavorable for be- havior studies. Conditions for this work were excellent in St. Andrews Bay, Fla. (Panama City) during cruise 39, and the in- itial phase of the study was completed there. (i Experiments were conducted to deter - mine the burrowing behavior of pink shrimp so as to gain a better understanding of the effect of such behavior on the efficiency of commercial fishing gear. The initial objec- tives were to measure the extent and dura- tion of bottom penetration by the various commercial species, and the effect of arti- ficial stimulation on the animal while in the burrowed state. Observations were made using SCUBA gear to eliminate all but es- sential artificial environmental effects. The following data were obtained from these observations and measurements: 1. The manner by which pink shrimp burrow into the bottom using their various appendages. 28 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 2. Burrow depths ranged from WO 2 inches. 3. Pink shrimp burrow to just below the surface of the substrate, and are very diffi- cult to detect visually. 4, Mechanical stimulation (probes, chain drags, and water jets) to the dorsal body sur - face cause the burrowed animal to immed- iately withdraw deeper into the bottom sedi- ment. 5. Artificially-induced sediment clouds above burrowed shrimp caused about half of the individuals to emerge from the bottom. 6. Observed pink shrimp remained bur - rowed from 133 to 23 hours. Activity above the bottom seemed to be restricted. 7. Shrimp generally emerged from the bottom between 7 p.m. and 7:30 p.m. and were burrowed again by 9 p.m. A few in- dividuals would usually remain unburrowed and on the bottom for most of the night. Shrimp behavior experiments are to be continued through the summer inSt. Andrews Bay. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Jan. 1962 p. 20. Gulf Fishery Investigations BETTER SHRIMP CATCHES FORECAST FOR 1962: A significant upward trend in the shrimp harvest from northern Gulf of Mexico waters during the last half of 1962 is indicated by findings of shrimp studies conducted by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Bio- logical Laboratory, Galveston, Tex. This prediction is based on an analysis of com- parable measures of abundance obtained for young brown shrimp in the Galveston area over the past three years. Although the brown shrimp reproduces offshore in almost all seasons, the greatest spawning activity takes place during the period late January to early March. The re- sulting masses of larvae arrive at the bar- rier island passes and begin to enter inshore "nursery'' areas roughly 4 to 5 weeks after Spawning and hatching. Some 6 to 7 weeks later they reach a size suitable for sport fishing bait, and soon thereafter migrate Vol. 24, No. 9 back to the open Gulf where they are nor- mally caught in good quantity by the com- mercial fishing fleet during July to Septem- ber. By means of carefully executed sampling techniques, Bureau biologists measure the size of the brown shrimp's "spring run" at two distinct stages in its early development. The first measure, or index, is obtained as the shrimp pass through Galveston Bay en- trance. At that stage they are very densely concentrated, average only about 5/8 of an inch in length, and are called postlarvae. The second index is obtained from statistics of the commercial bait shrimp fishery which operates throughout the Galveston Bay sys- tem, one of the more important nursery areas on the upper Gulf coast. Referred to as juveniles or "bait,'' the shrimp at that stage range from 2 to 4 inches long, but are not so crowded or numerous as when they were Sampled at the Bay entrance six weeks earlier. Commercial size is reached at a length of approximately 5 inches and shortly after the shrimp return to the ocean. Indexes of Abundance for Postlarval, Juvenile, and Adult Brown Shrimp, East Texas Gulf Coast, 1960-1962 Month [ 1962 [1961 | 1960 | 1962 | 1961] 1960 | 1962] 1961 [1960 rPNON 1OWRNNGAOCOO OWBRrRPANUOUO BNW Wei) sta ce Ne ere rete | Scoscoeroecescosd |L/Average number of postlarvae in "standard, '' semiweekly samples taken in Galveston Bay entrance; postlarvae range in length from 10-15 millimeters (about 5/8 inch), Average catch of juvenile shrimp (in pounds) per hour's trawling throughout the Galveston Bay system; trawls aver- age about 15 ft. in width and have a mesh of 1-1/2 in.; juvenile shrimp range in length from 40-100 millimeters (1-1/2 - 4 inches); data are obtained from the commercial bait-shrimp fishery which operates continuously. 3/Average catch of commercial-size shrimp (in 1,000 pounds heads-off) per 24 hours' trawling off the Texas coast; adult shrimp range in length from 110-200 millimeters (4-1/2 - 7-1/2 inches; data from offshore commercial fishery. 4/Sample catches not separated by species during June-August. S/Includes two samples taken in San Luis Pass at the western end of Galveston Island. Observations in 1960 and 1961 revealed a very strong correlation between the post- larval and juvenile indexes, and, in each year, the subsequent production of commer - cial-size shrimp. The possibility that these indexes could be used to economic advantage September 1962 in predicting shrimp production during the last half of each calendar year became at once apparent. The fact that the second, or juvenile index, serves to substantiate what is suggested by the first or postlarval index, greatly strengthens the method's usefulness as a prediction device. In 1960, a high postlarval index in early April was succeeded in May-June by a high juvenile index and record high bait-shrimp production. Both indexes forecast a great abundance of shrimp offshore in late sum- mer. As it turned out, 1960 proved to be a record year for brown shrimp production in western Gulf waters. In 1961, the postlarval index dropped to only a fraction of its 1960 level, while the corresponding juvenile index was reduced by two-thirds. Although the production of bait shrimp in Galveston Bay fell only slightly, bait fishermen had towork up to three times harder to catch the amount needed to meet the demand. The subsequent decline in the 1961 commercial shrimp pro- duction offshore, as is now well known, brought dire results to the domestic shrimp fishing industry. Signs of recovery in 1962 are indicated in a postlarval index for the period February- April which approaches that for the corre- sponding period in 1960, and by a juvenile index for May of this year which exceeds that of the same month in 1960. Bait shrimp pro- duction during May 1962 was also the highest ever recorded for that month. On the basis of these observations, as well as supporting observations made and reported by fisher - men and other interested persons, the Bureau predicts good to excellent catches for the shrimp fleet fishing the waters off Louisiana, Texas, and areas off northern Mexico during July-October 1962. Over-all shrimp landings in 1962 should measurably exceed those of 1961, though not necessarily equal those of 1960. 1K OOK ok te ok SHRIMP DISTRIBUTION STUDIES: M/V “Belle of Texas Cruise BT-23 (July 18-24, 1962): Moderate catches of 12-15 count and 26-30 count brown shrimp were made off the Texas coast by the research vessel Belle of Texas. The vessel is oper- ated by the Galveston Biological Laboratory of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries in studying the distribution of shrimp in the Gulf of Mexico. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 29 Four statistical areas were covered. One 3-hour tow was made in eachof 3 depthranges in each area. A 45-foot shrimp trawl was used. Most of the catches consisted of brown shrimp with traces of white and pink shrimp. Large numbers of small brown shrimp count- ing over 68 to the pound were found at ia fathoms in areas 20 and 21. Depth Range - 7}, 15, 25, 35, 45, fathoms in each transect, Shows the station pattern for cruise BT-23 of the M/V Belle of Texas (July 18-24, 1962), The largest single catch was 50 pounds of over 68 count brown shrimp in the depthrange up to 20 fathoms in area 21. The same area yielded 26 pounds of 12-15 count shrimp in the 20-40 fathom depth range, and 8 pounds of less than 12 count shrimp in the 40-60 fathom depth range. Area 20 yielded 31 pounds of over 68 count brown shrimp in the up to 20 fathom depth range; 10 pounds of 15-20 count shrimp in the 20-40 fathom range; and 7 pounds of 12-15 count shrimp in the 40-60 fathomrange. A catch of 23 pounds of 26-30 count brown shrimp was made in the up to 20 fathom depth range in area 18. Catches were light in other depth ranges in area 18 and in alldepthranges in area 19. Note: (1) Shrimp catches are heads-on weight; shrimp sizes per pound are heads-off basis. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, Aug. 1962 pp. 22-23, Indian Fishing LAW ENFORCEMENT CONFERENCE ON INDIAN FISHING: Indian fishing activities on the Columbia River was the subject of a law enforcement 30 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 9 conference in Portland, Oreg., on July 20, 1962. Officials of Washington and Oregon, United States Attorneys involved with Co- lumbia River fishing problems, and repre- sentatives of the U. S. Bureau of Indian Af- fairs, and other Federal agencies attended. U. S, Supply of Fish Meal and Solubles, January-June 1961-62 and Total for 1961 Fish Meal and Scrap: Domestic productions Menhadentaytsfaleleleielelelere Tuna and mackerel. eeece Herring eoeeececneecee Otherseraroteteieieletaictoterets The assistant Director of the Oregon Fish Commission said the meeting was called to develop uniform procedures of enforcement and prosecution in cases in which Indian fish- ing conflicts with State fishery conservation laws. In opening the meeting, the Assistant Director stated that while the Fish Commis - sion has never taken the position that Indians Total production .cccece Imports: Ganada eye eleleveleveleielelele should be deprived of the right to take fish, Bast boa CGO000000 the agency is concerned with achieving a AnigOLa tic cbn haloes Panic suitable degree of regulations that will as- So, Africa Republic 2.00. sure perpetuation of Columbia River stocks. Other Countries ssceces Unrestricted fishing will ruin the Columbia TotaltimportS vererstelete te runs, he said. —- Available fish meal supply .. & Fish Solubles: Domestic production 2/.... Imports: Ganadarereleiehelctelavoroleretore So, Africa Republic. cocce Industrial Products U.S. FISH MEAL AND SOLUBLES: Other Countries occccecs Production and Imports, January-June Total i a eee ca tal IMPOFTS sccecoece 29) 1962: Based on domestic production and ¥ Ne Pet heme Available fish solubles supp 53,567. | 41,419 [318,980 _| . 1/Preliminary. 2/50-percent solids, Includes production of homogenized condensed fish, imports, the United States available supply of fish meal for the first 6 months of 1962 was 44,933 tons or 21.4 percent greater than during the same period of 1961. Domestic production was 11,873 tons or 11.6 percent higher, and imports were 33,060 tons or The total United States supply of fish meal 30.7 percent greater than in the 6 months in calendar year 1961 of 529,100 tons ex- period of 1961. Peru continued to lead ceeded the peak year 1959 when the quantity other countries with shipments of 106,377 amounted to almost 440,000 tons. tons during the first 6 months of 1962-- 32,366 tons above the imports in the same The United States supply of fish solubles period of 1961. (including homogenized fish) during January - June 1962 was 12,148 tons more than during the same period in 1961. Solubles and ho- mogenized fish of 49,277 tons manufactured from domestically-caught fish made up 92 percent of the 6-months supply in 1962. U. S. FISH MEAL, OIL, AND SOLUBLES: Production, June 1962: During June 1962, 58,400 tons of fish meal and scrap and 6.9 million gallons of marine animal oils were produced in the United States. Compared with June 1961, this was an increase of 7 percent . in meal and scrap production and 4 percent in oil. In June menhaden accounted for 53,000 SoG tons or 91 percent of the meal total, and Bagging menhaden scrap meal inareduction plantin Empire, La, September 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 31 Table 1 - U.S, Production of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles, June 1962 with Comparisons June Jan, -June accel ae Product ; i/ 1962 1961 L/ 1962 1961 a eee cececs ceocceces eo o(SOIt TOMS) s5000 cocccccce oo Fish Meal and Scrap: sme MSO qH GUO 0.COO COCO000:0G.0 640 1,258 826 1,258 5,268 IMenhadent2/fatelelelelereleleferctelelcleelelele 52, 994 49,646 93,538 83,900] 247,551 Sardine, Pacific eeeeverree0000000 Fr 689 = 2,518 Tunaandimackerel scieieeeieicia o einer 2/1,837 1,169 9,968 9,705 21,248 WnclassificdWerelerereleleieieeiciereiorlele ere 2,926 2,326 9,354 7,639 14,757 ME 46G06 GAD0000000 CO000D 58,397 54,399 114,375 102,502] 291,337 Grand total meal and scrap .eeeccccce 3/ 3, 311,265 FISHESOLUDICS Weleleleleielstelelaleloieicie\c)eleleis ; 42,412 Soe 100,551 Homogenized condensed fish ...cccccce 6, 865 | 3648) 1,690 Oil, body: ERIS 5 SAA AARC eA 107,200 185,320 216,930] 818,017 Menhaden\2//ale tem /oniea eaiclacieie: darcie 6,572,322 11,047,461] 31,355,570 Sardine mbaciicreueleletotololescieieieisierelero oe = = 86,167 Tuna and mackerel .cccoccccccccece 55,965 43,057 221,217 162,509 Other (including whale) ...cccccccoce 176,190 163,682 874,487| 1,886,542 6,911,677 6,623,483 | 12,032,728 866,095] 34,408,805 i/Preliminary data, 2/Includes a small quantity produced from thread herring, 3/Not available on a monthly basis, 6.6 million gallons or 95 percent of the oil production. There were 21,200 tons of fish solubles produced in June 1962--5,100 tons above the same month of 1961. The production of homogenized condensed fish amounted to 3,200 tons--about 1,500 tons more than in June 1961. During the first half of 1962, meal and scrap production amounted to 114,400 tons -- In menhaden reduction plants large centrifuges are used to sep- arate most of the oil from the press liquor, obtained when the cooked fish are pressed. 11,900 tons above the same period of 1961. The marine animal oil yield totaled 12 mil- lion gallons--a gain of 166,600 gallons. sle sle sk ole ook TK OK OK OK OK Production, July 1962: Preliminary data on U. S. production of fish meal, oil, and solubles for July 1962 as collected by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and submitted to the International Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers are shown in the table. U. S. Production1/ of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles, July 1962 (Preliminary) with Comparisons ? e » (Short Tons) . » East & Gulf Coasts. . West Coast2/ . | 3, 58, 196 21, 416 1, 200 an. -July 1962 Total 170, 645| 17,794 | 64,903 6, 570 an.-July 1961 Total |165,937| 19,497 | 56,894 5, 895 1/Does not include crab meal, shrimp meal, and liver oils. 2/Includes Hawaii, American Samoa, and Puerto Rico, 3/Includes condensed fish. 3/1, 200 Se te Ra: Ee 32 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 9 Major Indicators for U. S. Supply, July Inventions 1962: For the first seven months of 1962, Tish meal and solubles production was con- PRECOOKED FROZEN siderably higher than in the same period of "T OX AND ONIONS": 1961. Fish oil production showed a decrease A method that will allow smoked salmon, of 1.5 percent. onions, and shortening to be combined and ees prepared as a precooked frozen food product Major Indicators for U. S. Supply of Fish Meal, . z A ; Solubles, and Oils, July 1962 has been issued a patent. The inventor claims that his new product can be repeatedly thawed Item and Period | 1962] 1961] 1960 | 1959 | iH and refrozen without loss of flavor, natural Ara iat tlc (Short !Tons)). 4 -)-)1-)(csy ene juices and taste characteristics, and without Fish Meal: ‘up change in appearance from a freshly-prepared “September...... - 36,239] 36,874| 33,185 product. The inventor points out that the ae stokes AO O0 soee aes Tee housewife thaws what she needs, mixes it with Spent Aertel BE CELE 74,024| 91,473| 60,043 eggs to make an omelet, and returns the re- Jan.-Dec. prelim. mainder to the freezer or refrigerator. By totals 2/.....-. - se01sT Hea 748/140 adding cream cheese or other ingredients, the Jan,-Dec. final tot. = 290,137 patented recipe may also be used as a sand- BSE Sas He s 9,487| 9,224| 5,079 wich spread or dip. (Patent Number 3,012,896, INUEC) Gab ou aoe = gst) eee Pear U. S. Patent Office Classification Number ulysekelsrercdsteneyere = 13,131 , , es ue lei 1S18t | Loresel) agei| || 99-193, granted December 12,)1961 to Noe Jan,-May ..,..» | 114,433 ETE) DeXes Vota G avon x (46, Phillip Katz, 2085 F d i 0.588 Aeaas oj ip Katz, arm Road, Alexandria, Fish Solubles: Production 3/: September...... = 12,573] 23,979] 22,301 (AMIBUSE cieice tellers Jane o 16,921| 29,785] 24,653 lyase ewe 22,600 18,876 | 30,163| 24,995 Jan sJUNe sees 49,277 36,946] 58,888] 33,421 Jan.-Dec, totals .. i 165,359|130,177| Irradiation Preservation Fi ports: September ....-- - 38| 1,732 253] | NEW UNITED STATES ARMY snd BR 7 180 aus 2,819 RADIATION RESEARCH LABORATORY: Gk ae 372 302 The first radiation facility specifically [Jan.-May ...... 3,418 2,569 designed for food irradiation research was |MSanse DSc stores ee : dedicated on June 28 at the Army Quarter- NN ISN heed enste ciate ner (1,000 Gallons) ...... master Research and Engineering Research Fish Gus. Center, Natick, Mass. The new U. S. Army September...... - 3,224] 3,939 4508 3/689 Radiation Research Laboratory, the con- Atigusty.te/s.cei¢ ene - 6,548| 4,910] 3, 4,1 4 5 F Sulyaa ge ieee 6,500| 7,553] 5,337| 4,143) 3,791 struction of pened We completed in June | _Jan.-June 4/ .... | oe 11,264| 6,877] 8,010] 5,812 1962, is the world's largest military instal- Jan.-Dec. prelim. * . c apa aay Aa - | 33,471] 26,690| 24,418| 21,625 lation for the preservation of food by ioniz Jan.-Dec. final tot. | _- | 34,416] 27,886 | 24,978] 22,028 ing energy. Exports: : : September...... - 1,269| 1,861] 1,129 665 The new research laboratory is equipped August cease z Due 3 1e6 qeaee ue with the largest known cobalt-60 source in STA ee NA 656| 2,805| 2,084| 1,514| 242 the world (equivalent to more than one mil- Jan.-May = 1,745 8.278 a et oe lion grams of radium), a specially designed — —e = ee : : 24-million-electron-volt 18-kilowatt variable- joes not include crab meat, imp and misc, me. . . . 3/Preliminary data computed from monthly data. Fish meal production reported currently linear accelerator, and supporting control comprised 86 percent of the annual total for 1958, 90 percent for 1959, 89 percent for O S < 1960, and 92 percent for 1961. and food-sampling preparation laboratories. 3/Includes ho: enized fish. . : ° Z/Preliminary data computed from monthly data, Represents over 95 percent of the total The laboratory will be concerned primarily NSeenDses tae 1962iandl 1961 are! preliminary: with research on radiation of foods for use by the military, but will also conduct studies on different types of foods for civilian use. By perfecting irradiation techniques, the Army will be able to treat perishable food for storage without refrigeration. Equip- ment in the laboratory will permit precise control of radiation conditions to a hitherto unattainable high degree of accuracy. September 1962 The Army program is currently concen- trating on sterilization of beef, pork, smoked ham, and chicken, as meat items of major logistical importance. By agreement with the Department of De- fense, the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission undertook the design and construction of the laboratory at Natick. Following general fa- cility acceptance tests and training of Army operating personnel during the summer of 1962, the Army was to accept responsibility for the fully operational laboratory about September 1, 1962. The Laboratory was built at a cost of about $1.8 million. Maine Sardines CANNED STOCKS, JULY 1, 1962: Distributors’ stocks of canned Maine sar- dines began to improve on July 1, 1962, after steadily declining for the previous 14 months. But stocks on hand of 134,000 actual cases on July 1, 1962, were still 36 percent below the 208,000 cases on hand on the same date in 1961, according to estimates made by the U. S. Bureau of the Census. Canners! stocks on July 1, 1962, totaled 374,000 standard cases (100 Boe oz. cans), an increase of 86 percent over the 201,000 cases on hand July 1, 1961. The Maine sar- dine pack during June 1962 amounted to 407,500 standard cases. Stocks held by can- ners on June 1, 1962, totaled only 50,000 cases. Canned Maine Sardines--Wholesale Distributors! and Canners! Stocks, July 1, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 33 The Maine Legislature authorized a 1962 season of 13 months--December 2, 1961- January 1, 1963. The 1962 season pack De- cember 2-July 28 totaled 890,000 standard cases. The 1961 season was from April 15 to December 1, the usual legal packing sea- son for canned sardines in Maine, and the pack April 15-July 28 was 179,000 cases. During the same period in 1960, the pack was 848,000 cases. On April 15, 1962, the date on which the packing season started in for- mer years, carryover stocks amounted to 33,000 cases. One year earlier on April 15, 1961, carryover stocks totaled 457,000 cases. The Maine Sardine Council in late Julyre- ported that fishing was good all along the Maine coast. But the small size of the fish had slowed down production- because packing costs go up sharply when small fish are handled. Marketing EDIBLE FISHERY PRODUCTS MARKETING PROSPECTS, FALL 1962: In the coming fall months, the United States per capita consumption of fishery products is expected to be slightly higher seasonally than during each of the first two quarters of 1962. Commercial landings of food fish and shellfishin August were at the season's peak, and the total for 1962 could be higher than in 1961. Landings of both shrimp and sardines were unusually light in 1961. Retail prices, which were somewhat higher during the first half of 1962 than in the same period of 1961, are expected to drop slightly during the peak supply season, but will re- main higher than a year earlier. Supplies of fishery products in cold stor- age at midyear were about 13 percent lower than during the middle part of 1961. Butthere will be a gradual build-up in stocks of frozen 1962, With Comparisons1/ 1961/62 Season 1960/61 Season seer ere 1,000 actual cases 134 1,000 std. cases2/ 374 Distributors . Canners. |1/Table represents marketing season from November 1-October 31. 2/100 34-02. cans equal one standard case. 6/1/61) 4/1/61] 1/1/61 | 11/1/60) oe 193 202 208 alts) 267 233 277 144 221 201 294 506 | 1,029 1,258 34 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW View looking south on South Street in the salt-water section of New York City's Fulton Fish Market. fishery products and canned fish because of increased fishing and processing inthe third quarter. United States imports of most fishery products through the first half of 1962 were generally greater than a year earlier, and are expected to continue so for the remain- der of this year. Note: Prepared by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Fish and Wildlife Service, U. S. Department of the Interior, and pub- lished in the Department of Agriculture's July 1962 issue of The National Food Situation (NFS-101). Massachusetts MARINE FISHERIES PROMOTION AND DEVELOPMENT LAW ENACTED: A new Massachusetts marine fisheries law was signed (Chapter 715) by the Gov- ernor of Massachusetts on July 23, 1962, and became effective as of that date. The purpose of the new law, which was declared an emergency law, was to immediately bring about the orderly and coordinated activities of the Massachusetts marine fisheries and all activities relating there. The law as amended provides for the fol- lowing: 1. A Marine Fisheries Advisory Commis - sion composed of 9 members within the Di- vision of Marine Fisheries, such members to be appointed by the Governor with the approval Vol. 24, No. 9 of the Council. Initially, 3 members of the Commission are to be appointed for terms of 3 years, another 3 members for terms of 2’ years, and the other 3 members appointed for terms of 1 year. As the term of a mem- ber expires, his successor is to be appointed for a term of 3 years. 2. The Commission shall hold public hearings and make recommendations to the Director for the proper management and de- velopment of the marine fisheries of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 3. Additional funds for maintaining, man- aging, operating, and administering the Di- vision of Marine Fisheries in carrying out its functions. The new law is designed to help both the commercial and sports fisheries of Massa- chusetts, and is expected to result in ex- panded activities in the fields of fishery biology and statistics. & Oceanography "WILLIAMSBURG" AS BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH SHIP FOR INDIAN OCEAN EXPEDITION: Activation of the former Presidential yacht Williamsburg as a United States bio- logical research vessel for the International Indian Ocean Expedition was announced on July 10. The National Science Foundation today announced award of a contract to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for activation of the vessel. Fig. 1 - The former presidential yacht Williamsburg is being re- activated as a United States biological research vessel and its name changed to Anton Bruun, September 1962 Fig. 2 - The former presidential yacht Williamsburg was trans- ferred to the National Science Foundation of Washington on August 9 in brief ceremonies at the Philadelphia Naval Base. Amount of the cost-plus-fixed-fee con- tract is $500,000. Under the terms of the contract, the Institution will select the ship- yard to accomplish the activation, subject to approval by the Foundation, and will super- vise the work for the Foundation. "The International Indian Ocean Expedi- tion is a significant step forward in scientif- ic cooperation,'' said the Foundation Direc- tor in making the announcement. "It repre- sents not only the cooperative efforts of many countries, but cooperation among sci- entists of widely varying disciplines. Bio- logists as well as physical scientists will have a major share in the work. We are de- lighted that the Williamsburg is available as an important addition to their research ca- pabilities." Title to the ship remains with the United States Government, and she will be operated as a public vessel. Transfer of accountabil- ity from the Navy to the National Science Foundation, an independent agency of the Government, is now in process. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 35 The Williamsburg early in July was in reserve status at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard. She was to be towed to a private shipyard for activation, which is expected to take about 60 days from the date of her ar- rival in the yard. Activation will include minor alterations necessary to make a research vessel cap- able of carrying 26 scientific personnel and 19 crew members. The former Presidential suite will be converted into laboratory areas. A wet lab will be installed below, where spec- imens will be received, bottled, andprepared for storing. A dry lab above will be equipped with microscopes and other instruments for preliminary examination and classification of specimens, and for such work as measure- ments of plankton density. Two winches and a small crane will be in- stalled for dredging and deep-sea work. In addition, a side deck platform will be con- structed for fishing long lines. Activation will also include bringing the engines to full operating condition, and in- stalling larger bilge keels to enhance the ship's stability. Following activation and a shakedown cruise, the Williamsburg is expected to be- gin her Indian Ocean cruise in early 1963. Present plans call for the ship to spend most of her two-year research cruise period in the western half of the Indian Ocean, although one track is planned in the Bay of Bengal on the eastern side of the Indian subcontinent. Her voyages will take her from the northern part of the Arabian Sea west of India down to the latitude of the Cape of Good Hope, cross- ing and recrossing the equator. While participating in the International Indian Ocean Expedition, she will make port chiefly at Bombay, India, for resupply and to exchange personnel and specimens. Many biological specimens, particularly plankton, will be exchanged and sorted at the Inter - national center at Cochin, India. Among the questions that biologists aboard Williamsburg will be seeking to answer are: What organisms are found in the Indian Ocean--from microscopic plankton to large fish, oceanic mammals, and sea weeds ? 36 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW What is the distribution, both seasonal and geographic, of these organisms, and what is their relative abundance ? What is the productivity of these organ- isms ?--particularly organisms which if properly exploited could contribute greatly to the food needs of the peoples of the area. The President announced on March 13, 1962, that he was making the Williamsburg available for participation in the Interna- tional Indian Ocean Expedition, andassigned responsibility for conversion and assign- ment of the ship to the National Science Foundation. The Williamsburg is 243 feet long and displaces 1,700 tons. Built in 1930 as the Aras, her name was changed during World War II when she became a Navy escort ves- sel. She was later converted to a Presi- dential yacht. Sonali stontsietste 3K) ok sk 3k) ok "WILLIAMSBURG" RENAMED "ANTON BRUUN" AND CONVERTED TO A RESEARCH VESSEL: The former Presidential yacht Williams - burg will be renamed the Anton Bruun, the Director of the National Science Foundation announced on July 30, 1962. The ship was recently transferred to the Foundation for conversion to a research vessel for the In- ternational Indian Ocean Expedition. "Anton Bruun was a noted marine biolo- gist, associated with the University Zoolog- ical Museum of Copenhagen, and was first chairman of the International Oceanographic Commission, which is now sponsoring the Indian Ocean expedition,'' the Director said. "So it is most fitting that the ship be named after him." The Director made the announcement during a talk at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Algae and Man, held at the Uni- versity of Louisville, Kentucky. Oregon ALBACORE TUNA STUDIES IN NORTH PACIFIC: To study albacore tuna movements andto collect oceanographic data affecting tuna Vol. 24, No. 9 movements off the Oregon coast were the objectives of the June 28-July 8 exploratory cruise by the Sandra Lee, a vessel chartered by the Oregon Fish Commission. The Com- mission has sponsored an annual explora- tory cruise to study tuna for the last four years. The Sandra Lee followed a zigzag course within an area 40 to 140 miles off the Oregon coast. The initial catch, consisting of 3 al- bacore tuna, was made at 8:30 a.m. July 5, about 115 miles west of Cape Sebastian. Wa- ter temperature in the area of the first catch was 59° F. Water temperature readings in other areas ranged between 58° and 60° F. Many forage fish and numerous birds were seen north of the area of the first catch. No commercial vessels were observed fishing for tuna in the area at the time of the first catch. Last year the first tuna was caught on July 6, and 15 fish were taken during Ore- gon's 1961 exploratory tuna cruise. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1961 p. 34. 3k OK ok ok CHINOOK SALMON TRUCKED AROUND COUGAR DAM: The erection of Cougar Dam, a U. S. Army Corps of Engineers" flood control structure, on the South Fork of the McKen- zie River in Oregon created a serious up- stream passage problem for fish. During construction, the South Fork has been di- verted through a tunnel. The diversion is no obstacle for young downstream migrant salmon heading for the ocean. But adult chinook salmon heading upriver are unable to negotiate the fast moving waters in the tunnel. A temporary fish passage facility, oper - ated by the Corps of Engineers under super - vision of the Oregon Fish Commission, has been located just below the dam site to move the important South Fork spring chinook run past the construction area. A cement and steel adaptation of the ancient weir and fun- nel trap has been built across the stream. The weir shunts the salmon into a cement chamber. A strong current of water leads them next through a funnel entrance into a steel tank. When 20 to 50 fish are in the tank the entrance is closed and the steel tank trap is lifted by crane to a waiting truck. Water -recirculating hoses and an air line September 1962 are attached to the tank and the salmon are hauled seven miles upstream to the release site. The salmon taxi, now in its third season of operation, had moved over a thousand adult salmon from this year's spawning run past the Cougar Dam project by the end of June. * OK OK KOK NEW CRAB-TAGGING METHOD: The success of the Oregon Fish Com- mission's new Dungeness crab-tagging pro- gram became more apparent as the season advanced, according to the head of shellfish investigations at the Newport Laboratory at Newport. He emphasized that the retention of the tag through several successive shed- dings represents a major breakthrough in the study of the migration, distribution, and growth rates of crabs. An insertion point was found along the splitting line ofthe crab shell which makes retention possible, and paves the way to a much more comprehensive study of crabs. Two types of tags are used in the operation, a nylon spaghetti-type anda plastic dart-type tag. According to the Lab- oratory chief, more has been learned in the past year regarding growth rate than was de- termined during several previous seasons of study. The value of tagging efforts in the past was limited by the fact that crabs shed their shells as often as two or more times each year, with the tag being lost at the first shedding. The Laboratory chief stated that as of July 1962, over 100 recoveries had been made from the 1,000 specimens released last sum- mer with the new tag. More were being re- ported almost daily. One recovered crab was tagged in July 1961 in the Sally's Bend area of Yaquina Bay and recaptured in June 1962. This crab, when tagged, was of sub- legal size, measuring 43 inches across the back. It had grown to 63 inches in width, had shed its shell twice, and regenerated a claw which was missing when tagged. The Commission's biologist pointed out that the public could render a valuable serv- ice in the study of this important food species by reporting tag recoveries. ''So far we have received tags from both ocean- and bay- caught crabs," he said, ''and recoveries have been made as far from the Yaquina Bay tag- ging locale as Alsea Bay, some 20 miles COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 37 down the coast.'' If crab fishermen would send in the carapace, or back shell, and the tag, along with details regarding location and date of catch, the information gained would be of great value in the management and development of this important resource. According to the Laboratory chief, occa- sionally a tag is returned without the back shell, and while these are helpful in the study, the back shells are of very greatim- portance as they are the means of deter - mining growth rate. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1962 p. 25. fe gle sk K KK RAZOR CLAM TAGGING STUDIES: A method of tagging razor clams that will help provide biological facts to guide clam conservation measures has been devised by Oregon Fish Commission biologists. The razor clams are tagged by drilling a small hole through the upper edge of the shell. One end of a monofilament fishing line four feet in length can then be tied to the clam's shell. Color-coded plastic beads are slipped on the line to identify individual clams. A float one-half inch in length is then tied to the other end of the monofilament line and the clam is returned to the beach. Periodically the tagged clams are dug and examined to determine the rate of growth and the extent of movement from one area of the beach to another. The Oregon Fish Com- mission has requested sport and commer - cial clam diggers to avoid removing tagged razor clams from the beach. In most tag- ging programs, the recovery and reporting of tagged specimens is desired. But tagged razor clams are an exception at present. f =e a oe ty | Oysters PROGRESS IN DEVELOPMENT OF CHEMICAL CONTROL METHOD FOR ENEMIES: Various aspects of a chemical control method for oyster enemies are being studied in Lewis Gut, an arm of Bridgeport Harbor. It is traditionally known as an area where oysters set quite consistently, and where growth of young adult oysters is quite rapid. That area is also known as a "drill hole.” During recent years, that oyster-seed-pro- ducing section of Long Island Sound has not 38 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Planting of adult clams, Mercenaria (Venus) mercenaria, on ex- perimental lots in New Haven Harbor prior to their treatment with different concentrations of drill-controlling chemicals. been extensively used because of the preda- tory oyster drills. Chemical treatment was applied on June 27 and 29, 1962, by biologists of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Milford, Conn. Approximately 30 acres of the bottom were treated using the Laboratory's formula, consisting of a mixture of sand, Polystream and Sevin, at the rate of 5 yards of sand per acre. Biol- ogist-divers examining the bottom of the "Gut" after treatment found that all forms of snails had been affected. This included oys- ter drills, Urosalpinx and Eupleura, and conchs, such as Busycon and Polinices. The Polinices is the arch enemy of clams. It kills them by boring holes through the shell near the umbo and then consuming the mol- luscan meats through the holes. The rest of the clam was affected only slightly, or not at all. The only exception was noted among the worms, which were seen twisting out of their burrows. It is too early to evaluate all aspects of this experiment on oysters because final conclusions may be drawn only at the end of the season. But it can be stated now, that the chemical treatment reduced the oyster drill population by more than 99 percent. A method for determination of Polystream in meats of oysters and clams has been suc- cessfully developed and has been submitted to the Pesticide Branch, Division of Food, Food and Drug Administration, for approval. Quantities of Polystream of less than 0.05 parts per million in shellfish meats can now be accurately detected. Vol. 24, No. 9 Using newly-developed analytical methods, preliminary tests of samples, collected from the area receiving twice the maximum dose of treated sand needed to exterminate drills, indicated that although Polystream is present in minute quantities in oyster meats collected soon after treatment of the beds, this residue almost completely disappears within 120 days even though the oysters remain on the chem- ically-treated bottom. A sample of clam meats, taken 120 days after the bed had been treated, showed no traces of Polystream. The oysters and clams were planted on the experimental beds several days before the chemically-treated sand was spread over them. As reported earlier concerning use of the insecticide Sevin, the second component of the Laboratory's formula, no traces of it were found in oysters or clams two weeks after the treatment. Regardless of these promising prelim- inary results, no final conclusions as to the safety of the method have been formed. That will be possible only after examination of much larger numbers of samples of clam and oyster meats from areas treated invar- ious manners, and after the results of these examinations are studied and accepted by the U. S. Public Health Service and the Food and Drug Administration. The Milford Laboratory was informed by a marine biologist of the State of Oregon that, by using the Milford Laboratory's for - mula at the rate of 1,000 pounds of Poly- stream Sevin-treated sand per acre in their experiments, they achieved near absolute extermination of the mud shrimp, Upogebia and Callianassa. The experiment demon- strated that two other enemies of oysters may be easily and cheaply controlled at an approximate cost of $10 per acre. Since some of the shrimp-infested oyster grounds of the Pacific Northwest formerly produced up to 1,000 bushels of oysters a year, the cost of controlling mud shrimp may be only about one cent per bushel, or even less if the treated ground does not become rein- fested for several years. (Bulletin No. 2, July 26, 1962.) Ke Ok OK Ok 6 LONG ISLAND SOUND OBSERVATIONS ON SPAWNING AND SETTING AS OF JULY 26: Setting of Starfish: The first setting of starfish appeared on the collectors on June 27, They were most common in the Bridgeport area, Starfish setting has continued since September 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 39 that date, reaching its highest between July 12 and 16 and then decreasing. Thus far, nevertheless, starfish setting has remained heaviest in the Bridgeport area although one station at a 30-foot depth in Milford also showed quite an in- tensive setting of starfish between July 2 and 12, the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Milford, Conn., reports. Setting of Oysters: Systematic studies of the plankton collected at 3 stations have been conducted since the oyster spat collectors were placed in the water in June, Plankton samples from the auxiliary stations, including one station on Lot 152 in New Haven Harbor and 3 stations in Lewis (Bridgeport) Gut, are also collected as a matter of routine, Each sample consists of the plankton contained in 250 gal- lons of water. The numbers of bivalve larvae have been unusually light all summer, Oyster larvae first appeared about July 18 at 2 stations. Several days later, on July 23, 25 oyster larvae per 250 gallons of water were recorded at one station; 5 at another station; and 10 at another. All of these were mature, ready-to-set individuals. No oyster larvae of any age were found in samples taken at the Bridgeport Station or in Lewis Gut, where extensive experiments on chemical control of drills are conducted, but copepods, crab, and barnacle lar- vae, as well as larvae of gastropods and worms, were pres~ ent in large numbers and appeared normal. The first setting of ossers occurred on July 18. Thus, once again, the formula for prediction of the beginning of setting, which states that, ‘‘setting is normally expected to occur on July 19¢4 days,’’ proved to be correct. At first, recently~set oysters were found only at two stations in the New Haven area, but later the setting became of a more gen- eral nature, being the most intense at 3 stations. A light set- ting also occurred in the Milford area, while virtually none took place in Bridgeport. Because of the presence of mature larvae in plankton samples collected in New Haven and because many oysters on the collectors removed from the water July 23 were only a few hours old, good setting was expected to continue for several more days at 3 stations, If the intensity is main- tained at about the same level, or if it increases, the industry may expect a set of commercial importance in that area pro~ vided, of course, that it can be protected against predators. Biologists of Milford Laboratory, using information ob- tained from studies of plankton samples and other observa- tions, are advising the members of the Connecticut oyster industry as to where shells should be planted to secure the best possible results. For example, they advised against planting shells at the time in the Bridgeport area where no setting was occurring. Instead, it was suggested that advan- tage be taken of the setting in the New Haven area by plant- ing shells in that location, In mid-July several auxiliary stations for observations on spawning and setting of oysters and starfish were estab- lished. On one of the stations located in New Haven Harbor near Lighthouse Point, studies will be conducted on intensity of oyster and starfish setting-on chemically-treated and un- treated oyster shells planted as cultch, Five stations were established in Lewis Gut where experiments on extermina- tion of drills by the Laboratory’s chemical method are now in progress, (Bulletin No. 2, July 26, 1962.) OK OK KOK MARYLAND OBSERVATIONS ON SPAWNING AND SETTING, JULY 1962: July of this year was unseasonably dry and cool, This has prevented further strong rises in water temperatures that con- tinued to run around 77° F, locally, a little below seasonal nor- mal, but favorable to oyster spawning. Salinities continued above normal, according to the ‘‘Special Oyster Bulletin’’ of the Maryland State Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, The combination of long continued summer water tempera- tures, attained earlier than usual in May, and the above nor- mal salinities resulted in an early build-up of the fungus para- site, Dermocystidium, in the southern portions of the Maryland Chesapeake area (from the vicinity of Solomons to Virginia). A number of oysters heavily infected by the parasite were found on trays in St. Marys River, Holland Straits, and at Solomons, There was an accompanying mortality on those trays that is def- initely above normal for this season and among some groups quite heavy. Oysters crowded together on a tray are known to develop a higher degree of infection by Dermocystidium than do oysters that are more scattered on the bottom. However, oysters in- fected by the parasite also are appearing on natural beds in the affected areas. On Cinder Hill in Holland Straits 17 out of 20 living oysters collected on July 19 showed positive Dermocys- tidium infection, mostly light. A number of recent boxes were present on the bar. Gapers from trays and the one gaper (dead oyster) taken from a natural rock were all heavily parasitized by the fungus to the extent that the oyster deaths were almost certainly due to Dermocystidium, High water temperatures and high salinity favor develop- ment of the fungus and intensity of infection with subsequent oyster mortality tending to increase in proportion to the length of time that water conditions remain favorable to the parasite. Usually, peak losses occur in late summer, The present conditions indicate that such losses will be higher than usual during 1962, Future seasonal conditions, however, will influence the severity of the expected mortality. Dermocystidium has shown no tendency to spread among oysters growing in low-salinity water such as usually is found over the extensive oyster-growing grounds above the Solomons area. Moving infected oysters to lower salinity, however, does not kill the parasite and oysters seriously affected by it will continue to die, Oysters on a densely-populated bottom tend to develop a higher degree of infection than do oysters that are more scattered because of the easier transmission of the fun- gus from one oyster to another. Young oysters generally ap- pear to be immune to the parasite but develop infections during the second year and may undergo heavy losses during the third year in areas where Dermocystidium is common, Sizable losses from the parasite have occurred during other seasons in St. Marys River and in Holland Straits where oyster populations are fairly dense, Also, on several bars in Poco- moke Sound and in upper Tangier Sound oyster losses occurred in the past on bars that were then densely populated but now contain fewer oysters. Losses can be reduced by not permitting dense populations of oysters to remain in Dermocystidium infested areas for more than two years before harvesting them. In portions of the Gulf Coast where this parasite is a very serious pest, it has been found that better oyster crops can be produced when oysters are harvested while young. Furthermore, the more rapid growth of young oysters results in a higher bushel return from two suc~ cessive crops of young (3’’+) oysters than from a single crop that is left for the same total number of years to produce oysters that are larger but slower-growing and fewer in numbers due to the natural mortality over a longer period. No increases of infection by the parasite MSX were observed through July this year, The principal oyster mortalities asso- ciated with MSX were observed to occur in early summer and again in late summer and early fall with scattered deaths through- out the rest of the year, It is too soon for the late summer losses to be apparent this season. Since MSX infection in Marlyland has continued to be quite low and confined to the Tangier-Pocomoke Sound area, it is hoped that it will not be a serious problem in this year’s oyster production, The number of oyster spat attached to clean test shells exposed for one-week periods continued to increase in most areas, A sub- stantial set already had occurred in St. Marys River and along the eastern side of the Bay at Punch Island and Barren Island. SRUIKiAae: koe 40 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW MARYLAND SETTING OBSERVATIONS, JULY 1962: An increase in oyster setting rates in the Tred Avon River and Broad Creek, Md., com- pared with last year was apparent, according toa July 26, 1962,report from the Biological Laboratory of the U. S. Bureau of Commer - cial Fisheries, Oxford, Md. This develop- ment was revealed in laboratory counts of oyster spat in bottom collector bags tended on a weekly replacement schedule at 5 sta- tions in the Tred Avon River and 4 stations in Broad Creek. All stations were occupied both years. Setting rates are expressed as the accumulated counts of spat on 20 inner oyster shell faces per bag per week from late June to mid-July, approximately half the expected most active oyster-setting season. Counts of setting at the Cedar Point sta- tion were of some interest because they demonstrated differences in bottom and off- bottom rates. In addition to the regular bot- tom weekly collector bags at Cedar Point this year, the Laboratory tended weekly bags suspended in 1-foot strata off the bottom to just below the low-water mark. ok 3K ok) oki ok WEED "STEALS" OYSTERS PLANTED IN OYSTER RIVER: Deliberate or accidental introduction of a foreign species into oyster coastal waters often upsets the balance of nature and causes unexpected trouble. Some years ago aJapan- ese species of green marine weed known as Codium fragile appeared in Peconic Bay at the eastern end of Long Island and rapidly spread over the bottoms of planted oysters. In the spring of 1961, several thousand bush- els of Peconic Bay oysters, apparently clean of large fouling plants, were planted in Oys- ter River near Chatham, Mass. Shortly after that Codium was found on shellfish grounds, attached to newly planted stock. Its rapid growth during the following months amazed the oystermen and caused them considerable concern when it became necessary to spend extra time in cleaning the oysters for mar - keting. Codium continued its rapid growth in the summer of 1962. Specimens examined atthe U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Woods Hole Laboratory in July 1962 were much heavier and larger than the oysters to which they were attached. The unwanted weeds were nearly 3 feet high. On good sunny days so many gas bubbles were formed at the Vol. 24, No. 9 blunt, sausage-like tips of the Codium branches, that both oysters and the attached plants floated in the water and were carried away by the tides. Codium has become an "oyster thief.'' In the past weeds that ''steal"' oysters were rarelyfoundon shellfish grounds of the American coast. Pacific Territories EXPANDED FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM PLANNED: Programs to increase the fishery econ- omy, said Secretary of the Interior Stewart L. Udall, is one of the priority points of a five-point program to accelerate the develop- ment of the Pacific areas (Samoa, Guam, and the Pacific Trust Territory) administered by the United States. The announcement of the five-point program to accelerate social, po- litical, and economic progress in those Pa- cific areas was made by the Secretary fol- lowing his return from an inspection tour. The tour included an inspection of fisheries facilities in the areas visited. Secretary Udall said priority would be given to fisheries development programs which represented the best immediate hope of islanders for economic self-sufficiency. This would include not only development of such facilities as tuna canneries, but the training of natives in long-line fishing, and boat construction and operation. Most ofthe natives in those areas are skilled only in fishing close to shore, and have neither the knowledge or equipment for deep-sea fishing. Negotiations have been under way with some of the major fisheries firms which would result in new sources of income for the islanders. A new tuna cannery which will employ about 400 persons, is planned for American Samoa. A tuna cannery in American Samoa operated by a United States firm has been packing tuna for several years. South Carolina FISHERIES BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH PROGRESS, APRIL-JUNE 1962: The following is a report on the progress of biological research by the Bears Bluff Laboratories, Wadmalaw Island, S. C., for April-June 1962: September 1962 Oyster Research: A number of small sub-tidal oyster beds have been located and charted in the last four months off South Carolina. Because these ''deep-water '' beds are usually quite small, they have little com- mercial value but, being generally unmo- lested, the oysters are superior in quality and configuration to intertidal oysters. Ex- perimental planting is being done to try to enlarge several of these sub-tidal oyster beds. The rather large-scale planting of the substitute cultch (solite) made last August did not produce oysters. One cause of failure may have been silting. Recently the solite beds in Toogoodoo Creek were washed by slowly running the Laboratory's boat back and forth over the beds at highwater. This did clear up some silt and left fresh-looking solite exposed. About fifty standard bushels of the solite were dredged, washed, and re- planted in Leadenwah River. To date there has been only a light set on the material. The set is not comparable to that noted on steamed-shell cultch. Oyster Bears Bluff has been cooperating with a Yonges Island canning company in an effort to rehabilitate old oyster beds in Beaufort County in the Fripp Island area. A mechan- ical raking device was used to dig off the tops of the high old oyster beds in anattempt to soften them, lower the elevation, and ex- pose clean shell which would serve as fresh cultch for a new population of oysters. Shrimp Research: Experimental plankton tows at regular stations throughout the in- shore area were continued during the second quarter. Results showed that postlarval brown shrimp were more than five times as abundant during the 1962 recruitment period as in 1961. Postlarval brown shrimp en- tered tidal sounds and rivers for a longer period of time this year and were more con- sistent in quantity than during either 1961 or 1960. Postlarval white shrimp began to show up in plankton catches in mid-May and be- came increasingly abundant towards the end quarter. These postlarvae should reach COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 41 peak abundance sometime in July, judging from data obtained in previous years. * @S322" Spot '(Leiostomus xanthurus) Otter-trawling at regular shrimp survey stations indicated that spot have been about 30 percent more numerous during the April- June quarter of this year as compared with that of 1961. Croakers showed an increase of over 40 percent during the present quarter as compared with last year's. White shrimp were only slightly more numerous in experi- mental trawl catches this quarter than in 1961, but brown shrimp showed a consider - able increase this year, being almost 60 times as plentiful at regular stations as they were during 1961. Bears Bluff Laboratory's cast-netrecords also indicate a great increase in numbers of brown shrimp this year. Over 20 times as many brown shrimp were taken at cast-net stations in May and June of 1962 as in the same period of 1961. This indicates that the commercial catch of brown shrimp shouldbe considerably better than in 1961, and quite possibly the best in the past three years. If white shrimp also have a successful season, a bumper crop of shrimp should result this year. Pond Cultivation: Two one-acre experi- mental shrimp ponds were drained and har- vested during this quarter. One of the ponds was drained and closed off completely on February 12, 1962. This pond was then stocked by means of pumping water from a nearby creek with an 8-inch irrigation pump. During the period of February 12 to March 30, 1962, approximately 33 million gallons of water were pumped into this pond. On April16, the pond was treated with rotenone (3 lbs. per acre foot) to remove predatory fish. On June 25 the pond was drained and harvested. Ap- proximately 19 pounds of brown shrimp were taken and the number of fish harvested was minimal, indicating that the rotenone treat- ment had been successful. 42 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW The other one-acre pond had been drained on February 1, 1962, and screened with 3 inch wire mesh. The pond flood gates were opened on February 12, 1962, and allowed to remain open until March 30 for natural stock- ing of postlarval brown shrimp. On April 16, 1962, this pond was also treated withrotenone in order to remove fish. On June 26, 1962, the pond was drained and harvested. Seven- teen pounds of brown shrimp were collected. The presence of large numbers of fish in the pond was surprising, and it is felt thata com- plete kill was not obtained by the rotenone treatment in April. A similar experiment comparing the pump- ing method of stocking with the flowing meth- od was made last summer during the season when white shrimp were present. The pur- pose of this recent experiment was to further evaluate the different methods. In this case, the pumping method was equally as produc- tive as the flowing method. In last year's ex- periment the natural flowing method was about 2.5 times more effective. However, in that case less water was pumped. The re- sults of the two experiments are really not comparable nor conclusive. They do show that stocking shrimp by means of a pump is possible. However, in both cases the natural flowing method seems to be more feasible when viewed from a cost basis. Pumping is expensive. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1962 p. 29. Sport Fishing TROPICAL PACIFIC GAME FISH SCHOOLING AND FEEDING BEHAVIOR STUDY: A three-year study of the schooling and feeding behavior of several Pacific game fish was begun in July 1962. The U. 8S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife has employed a graduate student at the University of Cali- fornia at Los Angeles to make the study. The study will provide information on the rooster- fish, scad, grouper, yellowtail, barracuda, and sand bass. Field observations will be conducted in the lower Gulf of California. Underwater observations by camera and tape recorder will be emphasized. This is the third graduate study supported by the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wild- life in its marine program. Two others, now Vol. 24, No. 9 in progress at the University of Miami, con- cern the bluefish and red drum. The studies are designed to furnish life history informa- tion on important game fish, and to encourage promising students to make a career infish- ery biology. Shrimp UNITED STATES SHRIMP SUPPLY INDICATORS, JULY 1962: Item and Period 1962 | 1961 | 1960 |} 1959 1958 . (1,000 Lbs. Heads Off)...... Total Landings, So. At. & Gulf States; September ... = 9,691] 18,832] 18,331] 15,847 AUGUST etehiciere - | 10,944] 20,441] 18,595] 14,173 TUlyaeaeteraets 14,000] 10,500] 21,746] 17,493] 13,457 Jan,-June.... [32,100] 31,030] 36,775] 35,511] 36,098 Jan.-Dec,.... - | 91,395]141,035)130, Quantity canned, Gulf States 1/: September ... = 7185 AUSUSE 6ccredet sie - 1,206 Jiulyaneeewsecesee 3,800} 3,042] 6 Jan.-June.... | 8,000] 5,405] 9,840 Jan.-Dec, ... - | 15,760] 28,594 Frozen inventoties (as of each mo.) 2/ September 30 . - | 13,361) 26,119 August 31.... - | 12,728) 20,171 ULV. SUM cronenege 4/ | 14,849} 17,397 June 30 ..... | 13,796] 19,416] 15,338 May 31... 13,904] 24,696] 17,540 January 31... = 31,842} 34,332 Imports 3/ September ... 2 8,190] 7,541 AUZUSt se cee a 6,743] 6,407 AT ULY ote. Afstenerets 4/ | 6,635} 17,319 June ...:....| 9,397] 8,065] 8,932 Jan.-May .... | 54,604] 49,103] 42,433 Jan.-Dec. ... = [126,268]113,418]106,55 Saeliastacom 1/Pounds of headless shrimp determined by multiplying the number of standard cases by 33, 2/Raw headless only; excludes breaded, peeled and de- ~ veined, etc, 8/Includes fresh, frozen, canned, dried, and other shrimp products as reported by the Bureau of the Census, 4/Not available, ABLSDAAOASAASA September 1962 Tuna BLACKFIN TUNA STUDIED TO DETERMINE FEDERAL SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS: Six small blackfin tuna from the Gulf of Mexico were canned by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries technological labora- tory at Pascagoula, Miss., during earlysum- mer. The objective was to determine if black- fin tuna from the Gulf would meet Federal specification requirements for canned tuna. The first examination revealed that blackfin tuna should easily meet the U. S. Food and Drug Administration mandatory standard of identity for light meat tuna. The quality of the product was good and also should meet the Federal Purchasing Specifications. C7 LS Or, United States Fisheries COMMERCIAL FISHERY LANDINGS, JANUARY-JUNE 1962: Total Landings: Landings of fish and shellfish in the United States during the first 6 months of 1962 amounted to about 8 million pounds more than during the comparable period of 1961, Production of edible fish was about 35 mil- lion pounds less than in the first half of 1961, while landings of nonedible species, principally menhaden, were up 43 mil- lion pounds, Menhaden: During the first 6 months of 1962, landings amounted to 833 million pounds--up 51 million pounds over 1961, Tuna: Landings in California (including transshipments of United States-caught fish from South America) totaled 151 mil- lion pounds to July 14, 1962--down about 24 million pounds compared with the same period in 1961. Purse-seine landings in California dropped 9 million pounds, clipper-fleet landings were down about 10 million pounds, and transshipments de- clined 5 million pounds, j g Fig. 1 - Shrimp trawlers tied up at a dock in Thunderbolt, Ga. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 43 Salmon: On the basis of the reported pack of canned salm- on, it was estimated that the Alaska catch to July 15, 1962, to- taled almost 80 million pounds~-~a decline of about 40.5 million pounds or 34 percent compared with the same period of 1961. Mackerel: At mid-year, 1962 landings of jack mackerel (38.3 million pounds) exceeded those in the previous year by 12 million pounds; while the catch of Pacific mackerel (16 mil- lion pounds) declined slightly during the same period. United States Commercial Fishery Landings of Certain Species for Periods Shown, 1962 and 1961 Anchovies, Calif. .. (Cee Maine eve isteten sieve 56,200 _ Halibut 2/; Allaskay<) sic) 6 cs) «>| MOS. 14,200 Wash? &iOregey ) PRacificy.9. Great Lakes PuertosRico: <5 <1. reoaokaoati hb Removed from documentation 3/: New England...... Middle Atlantic .... Chesapeake ...... South Atlantic .. Gullit econ leis Pacific .. Great Lakes Hawaii... PuertosRico. ) 347. Prer_tronmnwit iw i) an 1/For explanation of footnotes, see table 2. Table 2 - U.S, Fishing Vessels/4-Documents Issued and Cancelled, by Tonnage Groups, June 1962 Gross Tonnage Issued2/ aa Cancelled 3/ ea “elie ene NUIMDET) eve ererey ts Da Onertere ce 2 4 LOST OR rey 24 15 20-29 ee guia 5 3 SUES) acto, cause tao. oracn 6 2 40-49 Poo G 1 2 50-59 spat heiee 3 2 URC trg Gia sere one ni = 2 VOGUE Sonne 6 8 1 110-119 Dieliesehe exeiia 1 = 3 OSS Oe eres cnene 1 5 2505259) S020. ciskes 3 1 SLO SOl caress) co opine iene toheste 5 1 490-499 purenfonietien eLre 1 se DS0 503 Sees oon ce = 1 MotaleNs ec apsie iste ens 52 34 peprrreed ica and sport fishing craft. A vessel is defined as a craft 2/Includes redocumented vessels previous) i : ed \ ly removed from records, Vessels issued first documents as fishing craft were built: 38 in 1962, 2 in 1961, 1 in 1953, 8 prior to 1951, and 3 unknown. Assigned to areas on the basis of their home ports. 3/Includes vessels reported lost, abandoned, foreited, sold alien, etc. Source: Monthly Supplement to Merchant Vessels of the United Stat Customs, U. S. Treasury Department, ae sa a Vol. 24, No. 9 U. S. Foreign Trade IMPORTS OF CANNED TUNA IN BRINE UNDER QUOTA: United States imports of tuna canned in brine during January 1-July 28, 1962, a- mounted to 32,594,317 pounds (about 1,552,110 std. cases), according to data compiled by the Bureau of Customs. This was 16.8 percent more than the 27,898,898 pounds (about 1,328,519 std. cases) imported during January 1-July 29, 1961. The quantity of tuna canned in brine which may be imported into the United States dur- ing the calendar year 1962 at the 123-percent rate of duty is limited to 59,059,014 pounds (about 2,812,000 std. cases of 48 7-oz. cans). Any imports in excess of the quota are duti- able at 25 percent ad valorem. se te ste sh Ko ok OK ok os FISHERY PRODUCTS IMPORTS FROM U.S.S.R.: United States imports of fishery products from the U.S.S.R. in 1961 amounted to only 59,000 pounds. U. S. Fishery Products Imports from U.S.S.R., 1961 Commodity Antipasto in oil, canned. . Fish in oil, n.e.s., canned almon, canned... . rab meat, canned Sturgeon roe, salted ..... Sturgeon roe, boiled in air- #6 ski ck ok ook INSURANCE ON UNITED STATES EXPORTS EXTENDED TO LONGER-TERM POLICIES: Insurance covering credit and political risks in overseas sales made on terms of up to 5 years is now available to United States exporters. The newly-available medium-term policies can be obtained from the Foreign Credit Insurance Association (FCIA), which operates in cooperation with the Export-Import Bank of Washington. This is the first time the United States has provided such medium-term assistance for its exporters on an extensive basis, through private business facilities which include ready availability of policy application from insurance agents and brokers, September 1962 The FCIA’s new coverage was simultaneously announced early in July by the President of the Export-Import Bank in Washington, and by the President of the FCIA in New York, The FCIA has been issuing short-term export credit in- surance (for transactions on terms up to 180 days ) since February 5, 1962. Use of the new medium-term policy in conjunction with the existing short-term policy will enable United States exporters to insure against credit and political risks in transactions whose credit terms are anywhere within a 5-year range. In the medium-term policy, exporters will be covered against loss of 85 percent of the financed portion of transactions for both credit and political risks. Credit risks are insolvency of the buyer and protracted default of payment by the buyer; political risks include such government actions as currency convertibility restrictions, export and import re- strictions, war, revolution, civil commotion and expropriation, The new insurance is available on a case-by-case basis, The FCIA will consider applications for a single sale to a for- eign buyer or revolving sales to a foreign buyer, Exporters may cover as many or as few of their buyers as they choose during the policy year, since there is no flat ‘‘whole-turnover’’ requirement in the medium-term program. But should an ex- porter wish to insure on a ‘‘whole-turnover’’ basis, he may do so at a reduced premium and increase the political risk cover- age to 90 percent. As in the short-term policies, a contract form endorsement may be attached to the medium-term policy to extend the cov- erage during the period of fabrication or manufacture of the product. Premium rates for the medium-term policy vary according to terms of payment and the buyer’s country. Both FCIA and the Export-Import Bank indicate that the premiums and fees for medium-term insurance in the United States compare fa- vorably with those charged by the leading credit insurance systems in other nations. In fact, in some instances, FCIA rates are lower than those charged by foreign insurers. The FCIA was formed by private insurance companies late in 1961 at the suggestion of the United States Government through the Export-Import Bank. It is an unincorporated as- sociation whose membership now numbers 71 companies. Membership is open to all qualified and responsible insurance companies. Both the medium-term export credit insurance policy and the short-term policy are offered to exporters through agents of member companies and general insurance brokers throughout the United States. Announcement of the FCIA’s new medium-term policy rounds out the Association’s basic program, The two policies are designed to help United States exporters meet increasing competition from foreign exports who, for the most part, have the benefit of export credit insurance plans abroad, Two salient benefits will be provided to United States ex- porters who use FCIA policies, 1. The exporters themselves will be in better position to extend credit to overseas customers, because the substantial portion of risks in the transactions are covered by the in- surance, 2, Exporters will be able to obtain financing more readily from commercial banks and other financial institutions when their foreign accounts receivable are so insured. In addition, commercial banks in the United States should find FCIA policies attractive in connection with the financing of overseas sales, since proceeds of the policies are assign- able to banks. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 47 Vessels FRENCH FISHERY RESEARCH VESSEL VISITS WOODS HOLE, MASS.: The French fishery research vessel Tha- lassa docked at the U. S. Bureau of Commer - cial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass., July 24-26, 1962. The vessel visited the Laboratory prior to a cruise to Georges Bank and northern Atlantic fishing areas. The chief of the vessel's scientific party explained that the purpose of their trip was to investigate stocks of groundfish, es- pecially those which may now be underex- ploited. The Bureau's Woods Hole scientists had the opportunity to meet the scientists aboard the vessel, learn something of their work, and examine their equipment. Scien- Fig. 1 - French fishery research vessel Thalassa arriving at the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries dock in Woods Hole, Mass, 48 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW tists on the vessel spent some time ashore conferring with the Bureau's biologists on overlapping studies and problems. A Woods Hole biologist accompanied the vessel on the first leg of her cruise, and he left the vessel at a Nova Scotia port. Thalassa. The vessel arrived direct from her home port (Brest, France). Also, she planned to explore the commercial stocks of ground- fish on the Grand Banks before returning to France some time in September 1962. Fig. 4 - Scientists aboard the Thalassa. A stern trawler with complete biological and chemical facilities, the Thalassa was built at Le Harve in 1960. She is 216 feet Vol. 24, No. 9 long, 1,481 gross tons and has a maximum range of 12,900 miles. The Thalassa's total complement is a crew of 33 and 22 scientists. On this cruise there were 8 scientists, 2 students, and a visiting Polish fishery biolo- gist aboard. Virginia OUTLOOK PROMISING FOR CROAKER POPULATIONS IN CHESAPEAKE BAY SYSTEM: Improvement in the numbers of croakers inhabiting the Chesapeake Bay system was predicted by marine scientists of the Virgin- ia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Va. The prediction made on June 27, 1962, was based on recent winter investiga - tions of the survival of young croakers inup- river areas. ~ Croaker = Micropogon undulatus) The head of Ichthyology studies at the Institute cited evidence compiled during the past winter indicating a tenfold increase in survival of small croakers over the average of the past five years. He pointed out that these small croakers were spawned in the ocean last fall, and the tiny larvae moved upstream into the brackish-water areas of rivers entering Chesapeake Bay. The su- pervisor, who is responsible for the Labora- tory's young fish sampling program, has been making regular trawl surveys in those upriver areas to determine the abundance of young croakers during fall, winter, and spring, indicating the number of fish arriving, and the number which survive the winter. The Institute's Ichthyology chief and his co-workers agreed that pinheads (6 to 8 inches in size) would begin to appear in in- creased numbers late in the summer of 1962, and that the commercial fishery and sport fishery will be considerably improved by 1963. Large croakers from the 1962 spawn- ing season will not appear until 1964. September 1962 It was also suggested by the Institute's staff that this does not mean an immediate return to population levels of years prior to the severe cold during the winter of 1957/58. They stated it will take several mildwinters in succession and the subsequent successful survival of croaker larvae before a returnto high population levels can be expected. They hoped the past 1961/62 mild winter was the first of such a series. Records kept since about 1880 show the commercial catch of croakers in 1961 was the lowest on record. It was believed the predicted increase should result in a signif- icant improvement. Croakers spawn offshore along the Con- tinental Shelf each fall. After hatching, the larvae move into the Bay and upstream to approach the brackish-water areas ofrivers. Those are the nursery grounds of young croakers during their first winter, which is a very critical time of their life cycle. Sur- vivors of the first winter migrate back down- stream with the arrival of spring to joinreg- ular croaker migrations. By the end oftheir first summer, they usually grow to pinhead size and reach adult size by the end of their second year. Rarely does a croaker pass an age of 5 or 6 years. Studies by the Institute also show that the annual mortality of croak- ers is about 70 percent, only 10 percent of which is caused by fishing. There was some evidence that the ex- tremely cold winter of 1957/58 had a great deal to do with the severe decline of Chesa- peake Bay croaker populations over the past few years. The past mild winter, and the subsequent survival in some abundance of croaker spawn, seems to support that evi- dence. Washington CHINOOK SALMON TAGGING: For a salmon tagging operation off West Beach, Whidbey Island, Wash., Washington State Department of Fisheries biologists used the drum-seine vessel Sykes. Tagging began June 17 and continued until mid-August. The purpose was to gain information about migration routes and timing of runs of chi- nook salmon that pass through the West Beach area. The Department needs the in- formation in order to determine whether COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 49 z~ Chinook salmon to manage the West Beach chinook salmon fishery as a separate fishery, or as part of the chinook fishery in Skagit Bay, Wash. Salmon were tagged only on Saturday, Sunday, and Monday, when the commercial fleet was not operating. As of June 27, a total of 141 chinook salmon had been tagged, and recoveries had been made at West Beach, Skagit Bay and Skagit River, and Fraser Riv- er. The fish averaged about 20 pounds each. se sie ole sles Ik OK OK OK OK SALMON PLANTED IN KLICKITAT RIVER: A long-range project to create a run of silver and chinook salmon inthe Klickitat River was Started in June 1962 by the Washington State Department of Fisheries. Construction of the Castile Falls fishway in 1960 opened up about 30 miles of rich salmon spawning grounds in the upper Klickitat. A plant of 31,300 spring chinook salmon fingerlings was made in the upper Klickitat in August 1961. Additional salmon fingerling plants in the McCormick Meadows area of the river were made on June 21-22, 1962. These consisted of 70,000 large spring chinook salmon from the Wind River; 100,000 silver salmon from the Toutle River; and 50,000 silver salmon from the U. 8S. Fish and Wildlife Service hatchery at Willard, Wash. The Washington State Department of Fish- eries is carrying out the project with the co- operation of the U. S. Bureau of Indian Af- fairs, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Yakima Indian tribe. The upper Klickitat is in the Yakima Indian Reserva- tion. The Indian Tribe said they will refrain from fishing in the upper river while runs are established. SICH RE eH oc Hie, SALMON SPAWNING CHANNEL AT MCNARY DAM ON THE COLUMBIA RIVER: Fall chinook salmon will spawn natural- ly in a man-made spawning stream, the eggs 50 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW &, Sketch of McNary Dam on the Columbia River showing fishways trances; C, powerhouse; D, Oregon fish ladder. will hatch, and the young fish will grow and migrate. These facts have been learned in the supplemental spawning channel at McNary Dam on the Columbia River, operated since 1957 by the Washington State Department of Fisheries under a contract from the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. The contract ex- pired on June 30,1962. The Washington fish- eries agencyhas proposed a one-year renew- alof the contract inorder to gain more knowl- edge on this project. The renewal would al- so produce a maximum number of seaward chinook salmon migrants from the McNary Dam area. A number of two-year old jack salmon have returned to the channel's discharge stream during the past two years. The Su- pervisor of Research for Washington State said that the early returns give promise that enough spawners will return to perpetuate the run to the channel. In the fall of 1961, a total of 63 jack salmon returned to the chan- nel from a 1960 release of 55,850 finger - lings which were marked with a right ventral fin clip. The first large group of chinook salmon released from the channel should return in the fall of 1962 as four-year old spawners. The group includes 39,729 salm- on from the channel, of which 20,015 were marked, and 100,000 marked Klickitat Hatch- ery fish released in the channel. The biologist in charge of the project said the spawning channel has been considerably improved in the light of knowledge and ex- perience gained in the five years of opera- tion. A major addition to the channel in1961 was the construction of a rearing pond ap- proximately one acre in size. During the 1962 season, the spawning production of salm- Vol. 24, No. 9 on hatched in the channel will be compared with the young produced at the channel by spawners that were hatched at the Klickitat Hatchery. Live boxes will be used to trap and separate the young produced by each group. When the fish are large enough to handle they will be counted and released into the rearing pond. Wholesale Prices, July 1962 Stronger market conditions caused by a dip in seasonal landings in New England and a continued good demand for all marine species were responsible for the rise in the Ju- ly 1962 wholesale price index for edible fishery products to 119.0. From June to July the index rose 0.6 percent, and it was up 14.3 percent from July 1961. The subgroup index for drawn, dressed, or whole finfish this July rose 7.9 percent from the previous month and was 19.8 percent higher than in July 1961. Compared with June, prices in July were up for all products in this group except Lake Superior whitefish at Chicago, Whitefish prices dropped 13,1 percent from June to July as the supply improved, but they were still 13.1 percent higher than in July 1961. Lake Michigan yellow pike prices at New York City were up 5.6 percent from June to July but dropped 18.1 percent from Ju- ly 1961. Ex-vessel prices for large haddock at Boston in July were up 65.7 percent from June as a result of lighter landings, and were up 65,2 percent as compared with the same month of 1961, The demand for fresh large haddock was strong because of light landings. From June to July, prices at New York City rose 2,2 percent for fresh western halibut and 1.3 percent for fresh king salmon, Compared with July 1961, prices at New York City this July were 28.5 percent higher for fresh halibut and 12.7 percent higher for fresh king salmon, From June to July, prices for fresh haddock fillets at Boston were up 23.8 percent despite relatively good landings of small haddock. Fresh shrimp prices at New York City, however, dropped 13.5 percent because of more liberal sea- sonal supplies from the South Atlantic States. As a result, the processed fresh fish and shellfish index for July dropped 6.0 percent from June, but was up 8.5 percent from July View of wholesalers' stand on South Street in the salt-water section of Fulton Fish Market. September 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 51 Table 1 - Wholesale Average Prices and Indexes for Edible Fish and Shellfish, July 1962 With Comparisons Point of Avg. Prices 1/ Indexes 2/ Group, Subgroup, and Item Specification Pricing Unit ($) (1957-59=100) July | June 1962 | 1962 1962 |3/ 1961 ALL FISH & SHELLFISH (Fresh, Frozen, & Canned) .. Fresh & Frozen Fishery Products:,........ Drawn, Dressed, or Whole Finfish; ....... Haddock, lge., offshore, drawn, fresh ..... Halibut, West,, 20/80 Ibs., drsd,, fresh or froz. . Salmon, king, Ige, & med., drsd., fresh or froz, . Whitefish, L. Superior, drawn, fresh ...... Yellow pike, L.Michigan & Huron, rnd., fresh. . Processed,Fresh (Fish & Shellfish):. ...... Fillets, haddock, sml,, skins on, 20-1b, tins. . . Shrimp, Ige, (26-30 count), headless, fresh... Oysters, shucked, standards .. 119.0] 4/118.3 | 119.4 119.9] 102.9 yg o/s 123.3] 114.3 oa 704 Boston New York Norfolk Processed, Frozen (Fish & Shellfish): ...... Fillets: Fillets: Flounder, skinless, 1- S, 1-1b. | DEG voles roaretere Haddock, sml,, skins on, 1-Ib. pkg. 2. . Ocean perch, Ige., skins on, 1-lb. pkg. . Shrimp, lge. (26-30 count), brown, 5-lb, pkg. . . Boston Boston Boston Chicago GannediBishery;Productssipieyveuie uehiebies-ephsiisinesus) Salmon, pink, No. 1 tall(16 0z.), 48 cans/cs. ... Tuna, It. meat, chunk, No. 1/2 tuna (6-1/2 02.), ASICaNS//CSuevalbowieeis sive. lah irate hae coats. fe Sardines, Calif., tom. pack, No. 1 oval (15 02.), QATCAns/(CSHay op Wha) cites ewe icrer ada lhe, bsroWauente Sardines, Maine, keyless oil, 1/4 drawn 80/4107) yl OOKCANS/(CSte ivarsiucasiecmencursinnene Seattle Los Angeles 1/Represent average prices for one day (Monday or Tuesday) during the week in which the 15th of the month occurs, These ~ prices are published as indicators of movement and not necessarily absolute level, Daily Market News Service ‘ ‘Fishery Products Reports’’ should be referred to for actual prices, 2/ Beginning with January 1962 indexes, the reference base of 1947-49=100 was superseded by the new reference base of 1957-59=100, 3/Recomputed to be comparable to 1957-59=100 base indexes, 4/ Revisions were minor and did not affect indexes published for June, 5/Index was unavailable in June, 1961. As compared with the same month in 1961, the sub- group index this July was higher because of substantially prices this July for ocean perch fillets were up 5.3 percent, and flounder and haddock fillets prices also were up Slightly. higher prices for fresh haddock fillets (up 34.5 percent) and fresh shrimp (up 24.3 percent). The price index for processed frozen fish and shellfish in July 1962 was up 0.5 percent from the previous month and 25.1 percent higher than a year earlier because of the strong frozen shrimp market at Chicago, Frozen shrimp prices in July remained at the same level as in June, but were up 45.1 percent from July 1961. From June to July prices for frozen flounder fillets rose 2.7 percent and for haddock fillets advanced 1.6 percent, but prices for ocean perch fillets dropped 2.5 percent. Compared with July 1961, Canned fishery products prices were unchanged from June to July but the subgroup index this July was 8.4 percent higher than a year earlier. Compared with July 1961, prices this July were up 1.8 percent for canned pink salmon, up 10.4 percent for canned tuna, up 16.7 percent for California sar- dines, and up 25.3 percent for Maine sardines. Prices for new-pack Maine sardines remained steady during June-July following the 11.7-percent price drop from May. By the end of July, the canned tuna pack was ahead of the same period last year by 10.8 percent and the canned salmon pack (mostly pinks and chums) was better than expected although still be- low the 1961 season pack, 52 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 9 International INTERNATIONAL PACIFIC HALIBUT COMMISSION NORTH PACIFIC HALIBUT FISHING IN AREA 3A ENDED AUGUST 11, 1962: Fishing in Pacific halibut Area 3A ended at 6 p.m. (P.S.T.) on August 11, 1962. The International Pacific Halibut Com- mission estimated that by August 11 the catch limit of 33 mil- lion pounds for Area 3A would be reached, As of July 23, 1962, the landings of halibut from Area 3A were 25.5 million pounds, compared with 23.0 million pounds to July 20,1961. The Area 3A closure this year was about 12 days earlier than in 1961 when fishing ended on August 23 (6 a,m.). In 1960, fishing in Area 3A stopped on July 25, in 1959 on August 1, and in 1958 on August 31. Area 3A includes the waters off the coast of Alaska between Cape Spencer and Shumagin Islands, Fishing in Area 3A is ended until reopened in 1963. There has been no anouncement as to closure of Area 2 and fishing in that area will continue until the 28.0-million-pound limit has been caught, Halibut landings from Area 2 as of July 23, 1962, totaled 20.0 million pounds, as compared with 21.4 million pounds to July 20, 1961. In 1961, Area 2 closed on September 7; in 1960, Area 2 closed on July 31; and in 1959, Area 2 closed on July 8. The Area 1 fishing season, with no catch limit, will end at the same time as that in Area 2. In 1961 when Area 1 consisted of two areas, that part designated Area 1A was open to fishing to October 1. The official opening date for all halibut fishing in the North Pacific eeulateny areas this year was May 9 (at 6 p.m.) in all areas (Areas 1, 2, and 3A) except in the Bering Sea (Area 3B North) where fishing started on March 28 and in waters west of the Shumagin Islands (Area 3B South) where fishing started on April 19, In Area 3B North fishing will end October 15, and in Area 3B South fishing will end September 30; there is no catch limit for either area, This year, Area 3A was open to fishing for 94 days--11 days less than the 105 days in 1961, In 1960, the area was open to fishing for 85 days, in 1959 for 92 days, in 1958 for 119 days, and in 1957 for 144 days (the longest season for the area since 1945 when the area was open to fishing for 147 days). Between 1945 and 1955 the trend had been towards a shorter season, but then the trend reversed itself and through 1957 the seasons were longer, Beginning in 1958 the trend was reversed again and the seasons through 1960 became shorter, But the season was longer by 20 days in 1961, and the trend was reversed again with the shorter season this year. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1962 p. 37. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION PROPOSED AGENDA FOR FISHING GEAR CONGRESS IN 1963: The Second International Fishing Gear Con- gress under the auspices of the Foodand Agri- culture Organization (FAO) is to be held at London, England, May 25-31, 1963. The First draft of the Proposed Agenda foi- lows: The Second Congress will be organized a- long lines similar to those of the First Gear Congress in 1957. The 1957 agenda was com- prehensive, but it is proposed to limit the 1963 meeting to a few selected topics of max- imum interest. Fewer topics will mean more time for discussion of each topic, and strict selection of topics should mean more intense and specific discussion. The main emphasis will again be on recent developments in the industry and on the growth of gear technology. This first draft of the tentative agenda is designed as a basis for discussion with con- tacts in industry, research, and government. The Fisheries Division of FAO will appreci- ate any comments on this draft. Suggestions are needed for deleting or adding items, change of emphasis, etc. Comments are also invited onorganizational aspects, duration of the Con- gress, etc. Tentatively itis envisaged that the Congress would last one working week, Monday through Saturday, with 5 days devoted to dis- cussions and 1 day for an excursion. I. New Materials and Their Application to Fishing: New synthetic fibers have been de- veloped since the 1957 Congress or have found recent application in fisheries, partic- ularly polyethylene fibers and their admix- tures. Other fibers, such as polypropylene, are in an advanced stage of development. These are expected to find commercial appli- cation in fisheries in the very near future, possibly before the next Congress is held. Such fibers are expected to have considerable impact, if advance information as to strength weight, and price holds true. There shouldbe no need to repeat from the First Congress the systematic coverage of September 1962 International (Contd.): characteristics of various net materials and preservation of gear. Numbering systems for twines might use- fully be reviewed again. The Working Group appointed at the First Gear Congress has now prepared a report with recommendations on standardization of numbering systems for netting twines. Testing methods for gear materials also need to be discussed again. The Working Group appointed at the First Congress has now prepared a report on the various testing methods used in different parts of the world. It is hoped that agreement may be reached on standardization so that test results will be comparable. Knotless nets were virtually unknown out- side Japan four years ago when the First Gear Congress met. Now these nets are finding considerable application in other parts of the world. It might be opportune to dis- cuss and compare the different makes and re- port on their application in various types of COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 53 | types of winches and gurdies, grooved sheaves on horizontal axis, either suspended (power block) or fitted on a rigid support. There might also be discussion of deck layouts and for facilitating rapid setting, etc. III. Gear and Fishing: Certain important gear types, which were passed over lightly at the First Congress, could be discussed under this heading. Gill nets and tangle nets. Design; methods of framing; effect of hanging-ratio on catch- ability and selectivity; color; strength in re- lation to fishing ability, first cost, durability. Long lines (both bottom-set and drifting) can usefully be described and discussed, particularly the types adapted for mechanized fishing. IV. Trawling: One-boat midwater trawl- ing is an interesting subject. Many of the people concerned with developing this method feel they are on the threshold of a major breakthrough. However, each developer still seems to have his own special problem. nets (trawls, purse seines, gill nets). Lines and ropes of novel construction and unconventional materials are appearing on the market. They might perhaps be included on the agenda as a minor item. Monofilament nets are finding a wider ap- plication, even in marine fisheries. It might be useful to discuss their construction and applicability to certain fishing conditions, catchability, etc. Il. Handling of Gear: Stern trawling is still a controversial subject. Until now dis- cussion has been mainly confined to stern trawling with large vessels. The application of this method on smaller craft is also of in- terest, particularly in view of simpler maneu- vering, and the possible saving of labor. Sev- eral differnt stern hauling arrangements are in use. It should be fruitful to discuss the comparative virtues of the various systems under different fishing conditions, with heavy or light gear from different types and sizes of vessels. Some have difficulties with depth regulation; some have overcome this problem and have encountered new problems. It would certain- ly be useful to assemble these persons in one room to solve each others' problems. Quite possibly, the various solutions have already been found in different parts of the world. This forum would help to bring these possible solutions into the open and to the attention of those who need them. Discussions on mid- water trawling might come under the follow- ing headings: (1) Gear--design and materials of net, floats, kites, boards, warps. (2) Deck gear. (3) Performance--opening size and shape, resistance, maneuverability. (4) Op- eration (technique)--fish finding, aiming gear (headline transducer, towed "shark," telemeter, etc.), towing speed. (5) Fish Be- havior--in relation to gear used. (6) Bottom trawling and off-bottom trawling. High-opening trawls are of growing inter- est for catching some pelagic species within afew yards of the bottom. Features of such nets are not known in many parts of the world where they might quite likely find application. Mechanical handling of gill nets and long lines was dealt with rather sketchily at the First Congress. These basic fishing methods continue to be important and in some cases, their importance is increasing. It might be useful to discuss power hauling of bottom- set and drifting nets and lines with various Low and wide-opening trawls--species selectivity of some nets of very low opening may, for instance, be of interest from both the conservation and commercial angles. This may be of growing importance with in- creasing regulation of fishing in territorial waters. 54 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW International (Contd.): V. Fish Finder With Purse Seines: In not only for detecting pelagic fish with a fish finder, but also relying on the fish finder in- dications for guidance in setting one-boat purse seines around the submerged school. This, coupled with the use of extra-deep purse seines, made of strong synthetics and hauled mechanically, has opened up new fish- eries. The technique may have far-reaching implications. It seems an effective method of catching schooling fish at considerable depth and under more difficult weather and sea conditions than has previously been feasible with seines. Purse-seining accounts for one-third of the total world catch. Its effectiveness for quantity fishing at low unit cost is unsurpassed, Possible new applica- tions of purse-seining are certainly worthy of careful consideration. VI. New Ideas: The following items give an indication of some of the subjects that might come up for discussion under this topic: (1) air-bubble curtain fishing; (2) pump fishing (any new developments); (3) accoustical attraction and detection of fish; (4) chemical attractants (artificial bait) and repellants (any new developments); (5) elec- trical fishing; (6) light attraction with new or conventional gear; (7) fleet operation on distant grounds, including transfer of catch at sea, Contributions to be presented at the Sec- ond Congress are being prepared by fisher- ies scientists and technologists from many countries. The meeting will be open not only to persons connected with official fish- eries services and institutions, but also to interested persons from private industry, and all participants will be free to take part in the discussions. It is expected that cop- ies of papers to be given at the Congress will be distributed in advance of the meeting, so that participants may be prepared to con- tribute to the discussions, and to the ex- change of information and experience. (Regional Fisheries Attache, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, October 6, 1961; Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.) GREAT LAKES FISHERY COMMISSION ANNUAL MEETING: The Annual Meeting of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission was held at Ann Arbor, Mich., June 19-20, 1962. The Commission's Vol. 24, No. 9 meeting was preceded by a meeting of the United States Advisors on June 18. The high- lights of the Commission's Annual Meeting were: 1. Reports on sea lamprey reductions in Lake Superior were very encouraging. The take of migrant adult lampreys in 1962 at 29 index barriers amounted to only 13 percent of the number taken in 1961. The population of larval lampreys in streams has been great- ly reduced. 2. Lake trout populations in Lake Superi- or in 1962 continue to show better than 80- percent reduction in occurrence of lamprey wounds. The lake trout caught were larger by 0.3 to 0.8 pounds. Stocks of young lake trout are dominated by planted and marked individuals. Natural recruitment to the stocks is very low as was expected, but sur- vival of larger fish has improved. There has been little or no recruitment for several years. The ban against lake trout fishing in Lake Superior is being effected with only nominal objections from the Great Lake's fishery industry. 3. The Commission was encouraged by the reports of its agents but, due to strin- gent needs for economy, adopted a budget and program for fiscal year 1964 only modestly above that of the 1963 fiscal year base. Some control work will be done in Lake Michigan but none is scheduled for Lake Huron. 4, Dr. A.L. Pritchard of Ottawa, Canada, was selected as Chairman of the Commission, replacing Claude Ver Duin of the United States Section. Director Donald L. McKer- nan was named Vice-Chairman. Lester P. Voigt was chosen as Chairman of the United States Section. CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF LAKE SUPERIOR STREAMS REDUCES SEA LAMPREY POPULATION: Sea lamprey catches at Lake Superior barriers were down substantially, the Great Lakes Fishery Commission reported on June 1962, at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. The Commission, which is a United States-Canadian body heading the fight against a predator that has nearly wiped out lake trout populations in the upper Great Lakes, opened its two-day annual meeting with some hopeful statistics. September 1962 International (Contd.): The Commission's chairman reported that with possibly three-quarters of the sea lam- prey spawning run over in the United States, and about half over in Canada, the United States catch at assessment barriers was then 6,191 sea lampreys compared to 51,628 in 1961, and that the Canadian catch was 454 compared with 1,555 at the same time the previous year. The over-all 1962 sea lamprey catch was about 12 percent of the 1961 catch at the same point--an indication that chemical treatment of Lake Superior streams, which was begun in 1958, was beginning to reduce the predator population. "We can be justifiably pleased and encour- aged by these results,"' the Commission chairman said, ''but I must point out that we still must determine whether or not the lam- preys have been reduced sufficiently to allow a recovery of the lake trout and re-estab- lishment of that fishery." "T suggest, therefore, that the Commis - sion, while acknowledging this major accom- plishment of its agents, recognize that total success of the control program depends up- on the rehabilitation of the lake trout popula- tion in Lake Superior. In the meantime, all reasonable measures must be taken to insure that lampreys are reduced further and main- tained at a low level." In line with that goal, the Commission or- dered immediate treatment with lampricide of 2 new Lake Superior streams where lam- prey populations were reported, and recom- mended treatment of 6 minor streams with newly-established populations by 1962-63. There are a total of 86 lamprey-producing streams in Lake Superior. Response to a Commission request that the various Great Lakes States and Province of Ontario limit lake trout fishing in Lake Superior to operations which will provide es- sential biological information has been "very encouraging,’ the chairman added. Agencies studying the fishery reported a decrease in the occurrence of lamprey scars on fish, and an increase in the average size of lake trout caught, both of which are en- couraging signs. ''Lamprey predations tend to keep down the average fish size by elimi- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 595 nating larger lake trout from the population," the chairman of a special committee on lake trout rehabilitation said. ''Recently there has been, for the first time, a significant increase in the size of lake trout taken, suggesting that more trout are being left to grow. Agencies in the United States studying the lake trout fishery also observed adecrease in sea lam- prey wounds on lake trout this spring com- pared to last year," he added. The latest evidence indicated that natural reproduction of lake trout in Lake Superior has been negligible in recent years, and that the lake trout population is approaching com- plete dependence on hatchery-raised lake trout. Hatchery fish made up 94 percent of the total 1961 catch of undersized fish by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research vessel Siscowet. kK OK ok CONTRACT-FISHERMEN ONLY TO FISH LAKE TROUT IN LAKE SUPERIOR: A recommendation that commercial land- ings of lake trout in Lake Superior be re- stricted to the amount needed for assessment studies by the various research agencies working on the lake, was made by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission at the interim meeting in November 1961. This recommen- dation was based on evidence presented by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, the Michigan Department of Conservation, the Wisconsin Conservation Department, and the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. The high percentage of hatchery-reared fish (as high as 95 percent in some areas) among the undersize lake trout in the commercial catch supported earlier evidence that natural reproduction has been practically nil for the past few years, and that the fishery faced al- most certain collapse. In view of that evi- dence, and evidence of markedly lower in- cidence of sea lamprey wounds during the past year, the Commission felt immediate action was necessary in order to expedite the restoration of the lake trout population. Ex- amination of catches made in the spring of 1962 confirmed the scarcity of small trout, and the lower incidence of lamprey wounds. The Michigan Conservation Commission is- sued the order in April, to close all commer- cial fishing for lake trout, except for eight fishermen who are under contract to the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries to provide research information on their restricted catches of lake trout. 56 International (Contd.): The eight commercial fishermen contract- ed by the Bureau are under specific controls to provide minimal numbers of lake trout re- quired to continuously evaluate the status of the lake trout population in Lake Superior. The restricted commercial fishing will yield: (1) information on the incidence of sea lam- prey scars and wounds; (2) length, sex, and age compositon of fish caught; (3) numbers of planted fish caught; and (4) the catch per unit of effort (10,000 feet of gill net) in stand- ard commercial gear. These data will be compared with similar records taken by the same eight fishermen in previous years to evaluate the current status of the population and the success of hatchery plantings. The contract-fishermen will fish only dur- ing the months for which comparable data are available from previous years. The total catch of lake trout in Michigan waters will be limited to 25,000 pounds during the balance of 1962. Amounts needed for research pur- poses in future years will be determined by administrative and research agencies con- cerned with Lake Superior. After collection of data for the U.S. Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries, the contrac- tor may keep or sell all lake trout of legal size which he has caught. All live lake trout of illegal size shall be returned to the water at the time of capture. Dead, undersize fish shall be surrendered to a conservation offi- cer who will be charged with turning them over to an institution for use in feeding in- mates, Contract fishing will be closed during the October-November lake trout spawning sea- son. Commercial fishermen who are scheduled to fish for lake trout for the assessment studies are: Tom Brown, Whitefish Point; Falk Brothers, Skanee; Robert Kaliainen, Chassell; Arthur Kolehmainen, Chassell; Arthur Lasanen and Son, Lake Linden; Fran- cis Thill, Marquette; William Tornovish, Grand Marais; and Jerome Van Landschoot, Munising. LAKE TROUT CATCHES IN LAKE SUPERIOR RESTRICTED TO QUOTAS: Because of the rapid decline in lake trout stocks in Lake Superior due to sea lamprey COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 9 depredations, Canada and the United States have agreed to restrict the 1962 commercial lake trout catch to only the amount needed by scientists of each country fortheir studies. The restriction was recommended by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission made up of representatives from both countries. In a letter to Lake Superior commercial fishermen, the Ontario Lands and Forests Minister said: "It is apparent that, due to the seriousness of the situation, we can only agree. As a result, catch quotas for 1962 have been set at 60,000 pounds from United States waters and 44,000 pounds from Canadian waters." The steady decline in the lake trout fishery in Lake Superior due to the sea lamprey is in- dicated in Canada's Lake Superior lake trout landings data for the past ten years. From 1,389,000 pounds in 1952, landings dropped to 1,371,000 pounds in 1953, 1,266,000 pounds in 1954, 1,003,000 pounds in 1955, 527,000 pounds in 1956, 324,000 pounds in 1957, 366,000 pounds in 1958, 238,000 pounds in 1959, and 122,000 pounds in 1960. In1961, Canada's Lake Superior lake trout landings were estimated to be down to only 44,000 pounds. In United States waters, the decline was from 2,838,000 pounds in 1952 to an estimated 298,000 pounds in 1961. INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FISH MEAL MANUFACTURERS THIRD ANNUAL CONFERENCE: The Third Annual Conference of the Inter- national Association of Fish Meal Manufac- turers will be held at the Mayfair Hotel, Lon- don, England, October 9-12, 1962. The Con- ference will be longer than the two previous conferences. Members of the Scientific Com- mittee will have a full day's pre-meeting dis- cussion on the many scientific and technical subjects which concern the Association. It will also allow the meeting to consider the in- creasing number of topics in which the Asso- ciation is actively interested. A special ses- sion is to be held for delegates, including lead- ing world industry manufacturers and scien- tists, to discuss problems of mutual interest with brokers, agents, and importers princi- ply dealing with fish meal. The Conference will be hosted by the United Kingdom Association of Fish Meal Manufac- turers which had a leading role in sponsoring and organizing international fish meal con- ferences before the formation of the Interna- tional Association, and in the formation of the United Kingdom Association. September 1962 International (Contd.): The International Associations' main aim and activity is devoted towards cooperation, thereby assisting world fish meal manufac- turers to open and develop wider outlets for fish meal in all its forms in both developed and underdeveloped markets, thus enabling this valuable product to play an even greater part in animal and human nutrition. To this end, manufacturers and scientists connected with the industry undertake a full exchange of information by means of meet- ings. In 1961 such meetings were held in Hamburg, Bergen, and Paris; also by issu- ance of a News Summary, and in other ways to improve methods of manufacture and pres- ervation of meal, quality standards, methods of analysis, knowledge of nutritional require- ments, and to supply the answers to many other technical and nutritional problems. During the year, a brochure on the use of fish meal was prepared in English, French, and Spanish, which can be used with appro- priate additional chapters adapted to local conditions to make its value known in less highly-developed agricultural countries, or in developed countries which now use com- paratively little fish meal. Collaborative feeding trials were recently made simul- taneously in several countries, and the re- sults were pooled for the common benefit of the industry. The Association has been actively collab- orating and exchanging information with an increasing number of international organiza- tions in connection with statistical informa- tion on fish meal, fish flour for human con- sumption, and with an expert committee of the European Economic Community (EEC) on the question of analytical methods, and sim- ilar problems. The Association also coop- erates closely with the Fish Meal Exporters Association in FEO's activities relating to establishment of wider markets, exchange of statistics, and similar matters concerned with the promotion of fish meal. All those and other problems will receive detailed scientific and commercial consideration at the Third Annual Conference. Members of the Association are the man- ufacturers' associations or individual manu- facturers in Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Holland, Iceland, Moroc- co, Norway, Peru, Portugal (including the Overseas Province of Angola), Spain, South Africa, Sweden, United States, and United Kingdom. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 57 Observers have been invited to attend the Conference from Japan and Chile, the remain- ing major producers whoare not yet members, as well as from the Food and Agriculture Or- ganization (FAO) and the Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries, U.S. Department of the Interior. ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT SUBSIDIES AND PROGRAM FOR 1963 DISCUSSED BY FISHERIES COMMITTEE: The fourth session of the Fisheries Com- mittee of the Organization for Economic Co- operation and Development (OECD), held in Paris, France, on July 9-10, 1962, was at- tended bynearly all of the 20 member countries andby representatives of the Food and Agri- culture Organization (FAO), and the European Economic Community (Common Market). The principal topics for discussion on the agenda of the meeting were: (1) a review of papers on the fishery subsidies provided by the various OECD countries, and (2) the op- erational program and budget for the calendar year 1963. Subsidy reports for seven mem- ber countries were reviewed, modified, and approved. When the reports on all countries have been cleared, they will be combined to form a complete documentation on the sub- sidies to fisheries in the OECD countries. The Committee also reviewed the progress in the draft report on the market for canned fish in OECD countries, which is scheduled for completion in the near future. The projects proposed for the calendar year 1963 include the following: 1. Promotion of uniform quality stand- ards for frozen fish. 2. Study of the establishment of a fishery market newstype service in the European countries. 3. Simplification and coordination of san- itary regulations affecting international trade. 4, Economic factors concerned with the rational exploitation of maritime resources. 5. Detailed nomenclature of the different species and varieties of sea products. The next meeting of the OECD Fisheries Committee is tentatively scheduled for the first part of October 1962, Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1962 p. 55. 58 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW International (Contd.): UNESCO INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMISSION ARABIAN SEA PLANS OF INDIAN OCEAN EXPEDITION COORDINATED: A working meeting on the coordination of operating plans for the Arabian Sea phase of the UNESCO Indian Ocean oceanographic expedition was held in Wormley, England, July 9-11, 1962. The meeting was attended by a group of United States representatives headed by John Lyman, Associate Program Director for Earth Sciences (Oceanography), National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. The Foundation has been named by the President as coordinator for the United States Government participation in the Expediton. At its first session (October 1961), the UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission adopted a resolution which commended the International Indian Ocean Expedition to its members for possible par- ticipation, and instructed the Secretary of the Commission to assume such coordinating functions as could be worked out with the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) and other appropriate bodies. SCOR in April 1962 transferred formal responsi- bility and authority for coordination of the Expedition to the Secretary of the Commis- sion. The working meeting concerned itself with the coordination of scientific programs involving oceanographic study of the Arabian Sea. The agenda, as approved by the Meeting follows: 1. Work already done and its results. 2, Existing cruise plans for the Arabian Sea. 3. Coordinating requirements for synop- tic work: (a) Time and space adjustment of cruise tracks; (b) Coordination of volume, nature, and methods of measurements to be done; (c) Standardization and intercalibra- tion requirements; (d) Reference stations; (e) Use of underwater cables and buoys. 4, Meteorological problems. Vol. 24, No. 9 5. Tide gauges. 6. Logistics, e.g. port facilities, explo- sives, communications, exchange of data, and people, etc. Besides those from the United States, the Working Meeting was attended by participants from France, German Federal Republic, In- dia, Pakistan, South Africa Republic, United Kingdom, and UNESCO's Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission. At the beginning of the meeting it was de- cided to enlarge the area to be covered by the discussion from theoriginally planned Ara- bian Sea region to the whole North-Western Indian Ocean including the Arabian Sea and the part of the open ocean south of it to 10 S. latitude. It was done with understanding of the importance of interregional coordination and of the necessitiy of some geographical overlap between the regions to be covered by all four coordinating working groups. Some of the water movements and other physical and biological processes must be followed from one region to the other. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1962 p. 51, June 1962 p. 46. sk ost le si sh ck ook ok Ok Ok WORKING GROUPS ON COMMUNICATIONS AND FIXED STATIONS MEET IN PARIS: Two Working Groups of the UNESCO In- tergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, one on Communications, and the other on Fixed Stations met in Paris, France, August 6-10, 1962. The two Working Groups studied various matters relating to communications and fixed stations, particularly the estab- lishment of oceanographic communication requirements, and the legal status of manned and unmanned buoys. The United States was a prime force in the establishment of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and has consid- erable interest in the work being done by the two groups which met for the first time. The meetings of both Working Groups were attended by United States representa- tives; the meeting on Communications by a representative from the Scripps Institute of Oceanography, La Jolla, Calif., andon Fixed Stations by a representative of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods Hole, Mass., and an adviser from the Weather Bu- reau, Marine Observation Section, U.S. De- partment of Commerce. oe ook ok Ok Ok September 1962 International (Contd.): GROUP OF EXPERTS ON OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA EXCHANGE MEETS IN WASHINGTON: A Group of Experts on Oceanographic Da- ta Exchange, UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, met in Washing- ton, D.C., August 7-10, 1962. The meeting was held at the National Oceanographic Data Center and concerned the organization of data exchanges. The Oceanographic Commission recom- mended the establishment of this Group at its first session held in October 1961. United States members of the Group at- tending the meeting were from the National Oceanographic Data Center, the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, and Coast and Geo- detic Survey, U.S. Department of Commerce. INTERNATIONAL NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES COMMISSION SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE MEETS IN HONOLULU: A meeting of the Scientific Committee, International North Pacific Fisheries Com- mission, held at Honolulu, August 8-12, 1962, concerned itself with preparations for the Interim Meeting of the Commission, which was scheduled to convene at Honolulu, August 13, 1962. The Committee meeting was attend- ed by a representative of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. WHALE OIL PRICES DECLINE: According to sources from London, Eng- land, a sale of 60,000 long tons of whale oil was made some time during July 1962 at £45 (about US$126) per long ton (about 5.6 U.S. cents a pound) ex-tanker Rotterdam, which was the lowest price in some years. The quantity was made up of British, Japanese, and Dutch oil. A previous sale of 50,000 tons of Antarc- tic whale oil at £50 (about US$141) per long ton (about 6.3 U.S. cents a pound) had been made about two months previous to July 1962. The lower price was the result of the steady decline in prices for competitive vegetable and fish oils. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1962 p. 85. FISH MEAL WORLD PRODUCTION, MAY 1962: According to preliminary data from the International Association of Fish Meal. Manufacturers, world production COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 59 of fish meal in May 1962 amounted to about 232,755 metric tons, an increase of 25.7 percent over world production in May 1961, Most of the principal countries producing fish meal sub- mit data to the Association monthly (see table). World Fish-Meal Production by Countries, May 1962 | 1962 | 1961 1962 .... (Metric Tons).... Country 35,808 28,229 5,500 32,264 1/1,600 11,476 2,329 30,861 50,772 1/10,442 26,930 19,945 460,623 MAN CEP waleneneteweremeh eu enetiete German Federal Republic . Netherlands .... 121,533 31,945 134,596 232,755 |185,106| 851,375 1/Data not available for May; data available only for January-April 1962. Note: Belgium, Chile, Japan, and Morocco do not report their fish-meal production to the International Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers at present. The increase in world fish-meal production in May 1962 was mainly due to increased output in Peru (up 50.4 percent), the United States (up 23.0 percent), Iceland (up 89.2 percent), South Africa (up 14.9 percent), and Denmark (up 58.5 percent). This year to date Peru had increased landings of anchoveta; menhaden landings in the United States, especially on the At- lantic Coast, were up; Iceland’s landings of herring were up; South Africa’s pilchard landings were higher; and Denmark’s landings of industrial fish were up. The increase was partly offset by a sharp drop in fish-meal production in Norway be- cause of the failure of this year’s herring fishery. Peru ac~ counted for 52.3 percent of world production (for countries listed)in May 1962, and the combined production of Peru, the United States, and South Africa accounted for 82.5 percent of total production this May. During the first five months of 1962, world fish~meal pro- duction for the countries listed was 851,375 tons, Peru acu counted for 54.1 percent of total production during that period followed by South Africa with 15.8 percent, and the United States with 6.0 percent. INTERNATIONAL WHALING COMMISSION FOURTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING: Scientists attending the Fourteenth Annual Meeting of the International Whaling Commis- sion at London, England, June 25 to July 6, 1962, generally agreed that the whale re- sources of the world are in very poor condi- tion. If the Commission does not act almost immediately, it seemed clear that the situa- tion would continue to deteriorate. The meeting was attended by representa- tives from Argentina, Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the 60 International (Contd.): United States, and the Union of Soviet Social- ist Republics. In addition, observers were present from the Food and Agriculture Or- ganization (FAO), the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Chile, and Italy. The first week was occupied by meet- ings of the Scientific Committee, and the sec- ond week by plenaries and other Commission committees. In 1961, the Commission appointed a spe- cial committee of experts to study the exten- sive scientific data that are available. For various reasons, the work of this special committee did not proceed very rapidly in the past year. Funds now have been provided and it is expected that this committee will complete its work and submit its report in time for the Fifteenth Annual Meeting in June 1963. The Commission did not take positive action at the 1962 meeting, preferring to a- wait completion of the special committee's report. The return to the Commission of the Neth- erlands as a participating Government was considered significant. The consequences of this, and of the agreement made outside the Convention by the five Antarctic pelagic whal- ing countries for sharing the pelagic catch in the Antarctic were most important, as out- lined in the opening speech by the United Kingdom representative. He pointed out that now that the agreement on catch-sharing had been reached, he hoped it would be possible to limit the Antarctic catch to the level which the stocks are able to bear. He considered the special scientific investigations on the condition of the Antarctic stocks, shortly to be undertaken, to be of vital significance, and hoped that the meeting would agree on the details of the International Observer Scheme, In carrying out its principles, the Com- mission has limited the annual catch of Ant- arctic pelagic whales by blue-whale units each season. (A blue-whale unit equals one blue whale, or two fin whales, or two and a half humpback whales, or six sei whales). At the time of the Twelfth Meeting in June 1960, this limit had been 15,000 units but it was then suspended for two seasons for the four countries remaining in the Convention, with the exception of Japan and the U.S.S.R. who had objected to the suspension. No change in this over-all limit was suggested at the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 9 1962 meeting so that it returns to 15,000 units again for the 1962/63 season. During the last Antarctic whaling season, when the over-all limit was still suspended, the Antarctic pelagic whaling countries had imposed on themselves the following voluntary limits: Norway 5,100 Netherlands 1,200, U.S.S.R. 3,000, Japan 6,680, and United Kingdom 1,800 units. During the 1961/62 season, 21 expeditions operated in the Antarctic (7 Norwegian, 7 Jap- anese, 4 Soviet, 2 British and 1 Dutch) and caught a total of 15,253 blue-whale units. The number of whales in the total baleen catch was 1,118 blue whales, 26,438 fin whales, 309 hump- backs, and 4,749 sei whales. The total baleen catch in the 1960/61 season had amounted to 16,433 blue-whale units(1,740 blue whales, 27,374 fin whales, 718 humpbacks, and 4,310 sei whales), A total of 4,864 sperm whales were also taken by pelagic expeditions in the Antarctic compared with 4,681 sperm whales in 1960/61. The production of baleen and sperm oil in 1961/62 amounted to 2,005,087 barrels (6 barrels to the ton); in the previous season it was 2,123,571 barrels. Only one Antarctic land station, at South Georgia, was operating in the 1961/62 season A total of 1,194 whales were caught and 49,815 barrels of oil (baleen and sperm) produced, In the previous season when two companies were operating from three land stations the total catch of whales amounted to 2,317 and total oil production to 109,727 barrels. Outside the Antarctic, 46 land stations and 3 floating factories were in operation in 1961. A total of 22,195 whales were caught com- pared with 24,313 in 1960. Total oil produc- tion, baleen and sperm, amounted to 646,676 barrels compared with 724,707 barrels in 1961. The Commission considered the position of the former sanctuary in the Antarctic (the waters south of 40° south latitude from 70° west longitude westwards as far as 160° west longitude) for baleen whales against pelagic whaling operations. Since 1955 this area has been open to pelagic operations by decisions taken at previous meetings of the Commission. On the last occasion that this matter was con- sidered by the Commission, in 1959, it was agreed that the sanctuary should remain open for a further three years, until November 8, 1962. At their Fourteenth Meeting, the Com- mission decided that it would be undesirable to close the Sanctuary again at this stage since September 1962 International (Contd.): it might result in increased catching in other more heavily hunted areas. It was therefore agreed that the former sanctuary should re- main open ‘until the Commission otherwise decided'' and that the relevant paragraph of the Schedule to the Convention should be a- mended accordingly. The Commission made no change in the length of the open season for Antarctic pe- lagic whaling which remains from Decem- ber 12 to April 7. At their 1960 meeting, the Commission altered the opening date for the taking of blue whales from February 1 to 14 and a- dopted measures for the further protection of humpback whales in closing Antarctic Area IV to humpback whaling by pelagic ex- peditions until the end of 1963 and by reduc- ing during the same period the catching sea- son in Antarctic Area V from 4 to 3 days starting on January 20. Because objections to these measures were subsequently lodged and not withdrawn by the member Antarctic pelagic whaling countries (Japan, Norway, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union), the measures were not effective during the 1960/61 and 1961/62 season. At their Four- teenth Meeting the Commission adopted a resolution calling upon those countries to reconsider their objections in view of the deteriorating position of the stocks of blue and humpback whales. At the same time, however, the Commission recognized that the Netherlands, who was not a member of the Commission when the measures were adopted, should be placed on the same foot- ing as the other Antarctic pelagic whaling countries. A further resolution was there- fore passed by which the Netherlands is en- abled, if it so wishes, to register objections to the blue whale and humpback measures within 90 days from the date of their re-ac- cession to the Convention on May 4, 1962. Discussions on the setting up of an inter- national inspection system of Antarctic pe- lagic factory ships were held during the meeting. No decisions were reached but the Commission is to convene a further meeting on this subject between the five Antarctic pelagic whaling countries. It was expected that this meeting would be held before the end of August 1962. As a result of the recommendation of the Committee of Three Scientists and the Spe- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 61 cial Scientific Committee with which they worked, the preparation of data to allow a proper appraisal of the stocks of whales in the Antarctic was completed by the national research units. It was hoped that at this meeting it would be possible to formulate in a precise way the state of some of the stocks of Antarctic whales and to see at what level the annual catch should be maintained so as to obtain the best yield. In view of a later meeting to be held by these special commit- tees, there was no disposition at the Four- teenth Meeting to take any regulatory meas- ures such as the complete restriction of the blue whale catch that the Scientific Commit- tee advocated. In view of a Japanese proposal to reduce the minimum size of sperm whales delivered to land stations in the Northwest Pacific, or over a wider area to 33 feet, the Scientific Committee was asked to undertake further study of evidence on the effect of reducing the minimum size of sperm whales both for land stations and factoryships in the North Pacific and elsewhere. A working group al- ready set up to study the North Pacific whale stocks would be asked to do this task. (Inter- national Whaling Commission, London, Eng- land, July 7, 1962.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Aug. 1962 p. 12. EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY CANNED SALMON IMPORT DUTY RATE LOWERED: A lower canned salmon duty rate of 16 percent ad valorem was granted by the Euro- pean Common Market on canned salmon im- ports from all members of the General A- greement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) in- cluding the United States. The original duty rate fixed by the European Economic Com- munity (EEC) was 20 percent. Asa result of negotiations between EEC and the United States at the GATT meetings held in 1961, the duty was reduced from 20 percent to 18 percent, Canada, which had also negotiated with the Common Market on the canned salm- on duty rate, claimed that a 16 percent rate had been promised. A review of the EEC- Canadian negotiations substantiated Canada's claim, and the rate was reduced to 16 per- cent. 62 Aden UNITED STATES VESSEL TO FISH SPINY LOBSTERS OFF COAST: A United States importing firm was mak- ing preparations in June 1962 to bring a 60- foot refrigerated fishing vessel to Aden to fish commercially for spiny lobsters along that Protectorate's coast. Fishing opera- tions were scheduled to begin some time dur- ing the fall after the southwest monsoon sea- son was over. The spiny lobster tails will all be for export to the United States. The vessel, which is the first of its type in that region, will operate in the Mukalla area. It has a refrigerated holding capacity of 10 tons of spiny lobsters or lobster tails. It is expected that a 300-ton cold-storage plant will be completed by November in that area, and the United States firm has an op- tion on space in the plant. The vessel will be capable of bringing in 10 tons of spiny lobster tails each trip for storage in the cold- storage plant, awaiting shipment to the Unit- ed States. The enterprise depends on com- LACCADIVE IS pletion of the cold-storage plant. Meanwhile, the United States importing firm has an op- tion on space in a smaller 60-ton cold-stor- age plant which is also being planned for Mukulla. The Aden fishing industry has been ina state of uncertainty for several years, but has finally started moving forward. A rep- resentative of the United States importing COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 9 firm visited Aden at the invitation of that coun- try's Marketing Department. He saw that spiny lobster fishing there looked promising, and negotiated for a United States vessel to fish the resource. The vessel was expected to arrive at Aden bythe end of July. (United States Consulate, Aden, July 12, 1962.) iY Angola NEW FISH PROCESSING PLANT OPENED: A new fish-processing factory opened on June 19, 1962, according to a report in the Diario de Luanda, June 11, 1962. The new factory is located at Equimina Bay, about 86 miles south of the city of Benguela. It will can, freeze, and dry fish as well as manufac- ture fish meal. It will also operate its own fishing fleet. No information is available as to the amount of the investment involved. (United States Consulate, Luanda, June 28, 1962.) TRAWLING REGULATED: Portuguese Government regulations gov- erning the type, equipment, and operations of trawlers fishing in Angolan waters were en- acted by Decree No. 44,398, published in the Diaro do Governo, in mid-1962. The Angolan fishing industry recently ac- quired its first trawler. This decree may mean that additional trawlers will be added to the Angolan fishing fleet as part of general measures to improve the antiquated status of Angola's fishing industry. (United States Con- sulate, Luanda, June 28, 1962.) Australia SHRIMP FARMING EXPERIMENTS SHOW PROMISE: An attempt to mass-breed shrimp in cap- tivity is being made by a group of Australians. They hope to show that large-scale shrimp farming on a sound economic basis is possi- ble along a vast stretch of the eastern Aus- tralian coast. Although the effort is still in an experimental stage, the indications are that it will be successful. September 1962 Australia (Contd.): One of the group started his shrimp in- vestigations in 1953, when employed by the Fisheries Department of the New South Wales Government. He already knew of one species of shrimp that bred in enclosed waters. This is the greasy back (Metapenaeus mastersii), a shrimp found only in Australia, that breeds freely in estuaries and lakes on the east coast from southern New South Wales to central Queensland. Another of the Australian group became interested in the prospects of shrimp farm- ing in Australia while serving with the Aus- tralian Forces in Japan. There he visited the Hiroshima district where he inspecteda farm in which trapped offshore shrimp were fattened in several ponds of 2-3 acres in ex- tent. With the idea of following the Japanese system, he leased a large section of man- grove swamp at Taren Point, on a southern fringe of Great Sydney, an area in Botany Bay, close to the estuary of the Georges Riv- er. Two ponds were dug, each measuring 75 feet by 40 feet and 5 feet deep. In November 1958, 300 pairs of breeding shrimp were obtained from Lake Macquarie, about 65 miles north of Sydney, and released in the ponds. During the following weeks, the stock was breeding prolifically, and be- fore long, several hundreds of thousands of young shrimp populated the ponds. Soon they were between a quarter and a half-inch long. At this stage they had shed their shells many times as they developed into demersal creatures easily recognizable as shrimp. Their diet slowly underwent the usual change from herbivorous to omnivorous, and on to carnivorous as they became adults. The na- tural available food in the pounds was sup- plemented with chopped liver and crayfish meal. Because of lack of scientific knowledge, plus ignorance of the food requirements of the rapidly growing young, the mortality rate was extremely high. The oxygen in the wa- ter became depleted and the shrimp died by hundreds of thousands. One pond was opened to the sea and many of the still-living shrimp left for the bay. But many stayed on, reach- ing full maturity once the pressure had been removed from the food and oxygen resources Some shrimp also reached maturity in the fully enclosed pond, These facts made it COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 63 clear that shrimp farming was possible but it was obvious that the two original ponds were not big enough for the populations they were called on to support. Later a shallow tide-fed estuarine pond was provided covering an area of 10 acres, and rich in weed and both animal and vege- table plankton. Stocking of the pond began on September 6, 1960, and small quantities of breeding shrimp were periodically released until the endof the year. Altogether, 900 pairs of migrant shrimp were introduced into the pond. Early in 1961, microscopic examina- tionof water samples showed the presence of large numbers of shrimp larvae. A little later hundreds of thousands of young, each measuring about a quarter-inch long, had developed to the demersal stage. Subsequent investigations revealed a huge population of healthy young shrimp growing to adulthood. The group was confident that the experi- ment would prove to be a great success. But an unknown factor then became evident. When an assessment of part of the pond was made in August 1961, it was found that the popula- tion had only tripled itself. Earlier indica- tions had been that the original population would have multiplied several thousand times. Seeking a reason for this devastating result, the experimenters came to the con- clusion that water pollution from chemical and other factory waste had probably caused the enormous mortality in the pond. Sufficient results were achieved, however, to convince the group that true shrimp farming was filled with the best of prospects. One of the group said, that the number of shrimp that can be raised in ponds of given sizes is one of the vital facts they are trying to establish. It is known that a female is ca- pable of spawning twice a season at the rate of about 250,000 eggs each time. As with all animals of high fecundity, the mortality is enormous, but from 5,000 to 10,000 eggs may develop into individuals. It is not known yet what order of population will emerge under the conditions in the pool. Mortality may be higher or lower than elsewhere. It may also be hard to maintain food supplies. Shrimp need different diets at different times oftheir lives. The young are plankton-eating vegetar- ians. It is therefore necessary to increase the productivity of plankton in enclosed ponds and this calls for complex procedures, in- cluding the use of fertilizers.: As the grow- ing shrimp pass through the omnivorous stage to become almost entirely carnivorous, 64 Australia (Contd.): more prepared foods such as liver meal will have to be used. The successful use of this system of feeding on a commercial scale can be decided only by experiment. The Australian group sees farming as a means of filling a gap in the existing Aus- tralian shrimp industry. One of the group said today's harvest by the usual means depends to a great extent on weather and other conditions outside the con- trol of fishermen. Supplies, as a result, vary greatly. Glut and scarcity follow each other in a monotonous cycle. Shrimp farming would play a major role in stablizing the industry. Harvests could be gathered when shrimp from the usual sources are scarce. (World Fishing, April 1962.) Kk ok Ok SOUTHERN WEST AUSTRALIA TUNA SURVEY RESULTS: A spotting plane was used by the Austral- ian chartered tuna survey vessel Estelle Star to locate schools of fish. No tuna were sighted by the spotting plane on the first six flights (May 7-9) which covered the Albany area and Cape Naturaliste to Jurien Bay. Another series of flights over a three-day period were planned for May, two series were scheduled for June, and another two series for July. The survey of tuna resources in southern West Australia began in August 1961. It is being carried out by the Fisheries Division, Department of Primary Industry, in associa- tion with CSIRO Division of Fisheries and Oceanography. When it was announced that a spotting plane would be used in the survey, Austral- ia's Minister for Primary Industry said funds for that purpose had been made avail- able from the Fisheries Development Trust Account which was also financing the survey by the Estelle Star. The Minister said it was possible for spotters to identify the fish from a height of about 1,000 feet. The aircraft would make sweeps of the area in which the Estelle Star was to work each two weeks at new moon and full moon because those were the times when tuna were most likely to be near the surface. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 9 The spotting plane is a twin-engined Aero 145, with cruising speed of 160 m.p.h. and range of 800 miles. It has cabin accommoda- tions for three in addition to the pilot. The vessel's operations out of Albany from April 13 through May 10, 1962, yielded catch- es of southern bluefin tuna by trolling on six days in April. A total of 90 tuna were caught, mostly in the Bald Head area, of which 70 were tagged and released. In May, on seven days | from May 1-May 10, a total of 280 tuna were caught with pole-and-line and 351 were trolled; a total of 631 fish (all southern bluefin). Of that total, 566 were tagged and released. Most of the fish were caught off Bald Head. The best day was May 8 when the vesselin the area between Bald Head to Cave Head caught 250 tuna--157 with pole-and-line and 93 by trolling. Most of the fish were caught 50 yards off Bald Head. Of the total caught that day, 230 were tagged and released. (Aus- tralian Fisheries Newsletter, June 1962.) SKS eee TUNA FISHERY TRENDS, 1962: A record 3,715 short tons of tuna was landed during South Australia's 1962 tuna fishing season which ended May 26, 1962. Most of the catch was for the South Austral- ian Fishermen's Cooperative, and the balance for a cannery at Eden in New South Wales. The 1961 season's catch was 2,480 tons. The New South Wales 1961/62 season was disappointing. Bad weather was responsible for the light tuna landings of 1,737 tons, com- pared with 2,363 tons the previous season. The 1961/62 season tunalandings for South Australia and New South Wales combined to- taled 5,452 tons, compared with 4,844 tons landed during the 1960/61 season. The tuna fishery in other Australian states is minor. (Australian Fisheries Newsletter, July 1962.) * British Guiana SHRIMP EXPORTS, 1961: British Guiana's shrimp exports in 1961 totaled almost 4.2 million pounds, valued at W.1.$2.7 million (US$1.6 million) f.o.b. point of export. The United States received 90.2 percent of British Guiana's total shrimp ex- ports in 1961. September 1962 British Guiana (Contd.): British Guiana's Shrimp Exports in 1961 by Countries Destination Pounds 3, 674, 832 282, 450 W.L.$ 2, 388, 559 213, 668 US$ 1, 393, 318 124, 638 United States. ... United Kingdom . . Trinidad Note: One W.I. dollar equals about 58.333 U.S. cents. Source: Department of Customs and Excise, Georgetown, Brit- ish Guiana, fP ARCTIC CHAR FISHERY: Eskimo fishermen expect to market 100,000 pounds of Arctic char during 1962. This specialty product, almost unknown out- side the arctic only four years ago, is now distributed in many parts of Canada. It was introduced to British housewives in June 1962 when a firm in London, England, im- ported 10,000 pounds. Arctic char, or 'ilka- lupik'' as the fish is known to the Eskimos, has a pink meat. It can be prepared like salmon or trout, but it has its own distinc- tive flavor. Canada The commercial fishery for Arctic char was started in Frobisher Bay in the eastern Arctic in 1958, following popular acceptance of a trial shipment to Montreal, Canada. Fish-freezing facilities were installed at Frobisher Bay before the start of the 1959 season. The char run is short and a year's harvest must be caught, frozen, and packed during a month or six weeks. An annual fish- ery quota of 12,000 pounds was established for the Frobisher Bay fishery. Other fishery stations were soon needed to meet the demand for this new product. A study by the Arctic unit of the Canadian Re- search Board showed that prospects were promising for a commercial char fishery at George River in northern Quebec. In this remote part of Canada, some 100 Eskimos were eking out a living off the land. None had ever worked in a commercial fishing op- eration, but in 1959, with the aid of officials from the Canadian Department of Northern Affairs they established a small fishery co- operative. The Canadian Government then provided a loan for the purchase of supplies and fish-processing equipment and witha tentative quota of 30,000 pounds of char set for the season, the first Eskimo fishermen's COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 65 cooperative began operating. Cooperatives were later established at Port Burwell in the eastern Arctic, and at Fort Chimo and Cambridge Bay on Victoria Island in the central Arctic. At Frobisher Bay, the entire catch is now marketed locally. The Cambridge Bay fish- ery is Canada's most northerly fishing center, and the char catch from there is used to sup- ply the western part of Canada. The growth of the cooperatives has enabled the Eskimos to harvest resources that for years had been without economic benefit to them. The point has been reached where the Eskimos are running the enterprises them- selves, and the financial returns have had a marked effect on their general standard of living. Up to the beginning of 1962, a total of 107,000 pounds of Arctic char had been pro- duced bythe cooperatives; the production for 1962 has been set at 100,000 pounds--an in- crease of 100 percent over the previous year's production. (Fish Trades Gazette, June 23, 1962.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1960 p. 53. x ste ote ok He) ok Ki aes ole NEW PRODUCTS BEING DEVELOPED FROM UNDERUTILIZED FRESH-WATER FISH SPECIES: Some people believe that fish stocks in the Great Lakes are depleted, but that is not so, according to the Chief of the London Ontario Technological Unit of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. In an interview, he went on to explain that what really has happened is that there has been a change in fish populations in the Great Lakes. There has been a decline in lake trout and whitefish populations, but an increase in underuti- lized species, or so-called "trash" fish, which present- ly find very limited markets. According to recent surveys made in the United States, 30 to 40 percent of the food products sold are products which were not on the market 10 years ago. New products, especially the fully-prepared and par- tially-prepared convenience foods, are opening new markets for food processors in Canada and in the Unit - ed States. One great, underdeveloped food resource is the Ca- nadian inland fisheries. Ontario's Great Lakes and many lakes of the Prairie Provinces contain living sil- ver which fish processors with initiative could convert to gold. Perhaps the reason they are not doing so is because they are not yet aware of the possibilities. Underutilized Fresh-Water Fish Species: Lake Erie contains more species of game fish, commercial fish, and potentially commercial fish, than any other body of water in Ontario. In recent years the dominant species in the catch from that lake has varied through 66 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Canada (Contd.): whitefish, blue pike, yellowpike, and yellow perch, to smelt. When the smelt first appeared in Lake Erie, they were considered a nuisance by the fishermen. There was little or no market for them and economical means of fishing them had not then been devised. But when they became so abundant that they clogged up nets set for other fish, steps had to be taken. Suitable smelt fishing gear was developed and gradually a year-round market for fresh, frozen, and processed smelt was built up. At the present time the consumer market absorbs about 15 million pounds of Lake Erie smelt a year. But the lake could produce a much larger quan- tity if there was sufficient demand. Some estimates are as high as 50 million pounds a year. In Lake Ontario there are thousands of tons of ale- wives, but they are not being fished because of lack of A Manitoba commercial fisherman sets his gill nets under the ice on Lake Winnipeg with a "jigger."' After the first hole in the ice has been cut, it is possible to set 50 fathoms of net in three minutes with this simple device. markets. In Lake Huron there is a large chub (a vari- ety of fresh-water herring) population, but the fishery has been limited due to market problems, The Fisher- ies Branch of the Manitoba Department of Mines and Natural Resources is desirous of finding markets for such species as suckers (mullet) and burbot (maria). Carp, sheepshead, buffalofish, and yellow perch could be exploited to a much greater degree than they now are. The whitefish is one of the most popular of the fresh-water fish. But the meat of whitefish from some Canadian lakes contains foreign bodies (such as cysts) which though harmless to the consumer, inter- fere with marketing of the fish. At the present time the only practical method of handling such whitefish is to skin, fillet, and candle them. The foreign bodies show up as dark shadows and are cut out. A propor- tion of the cut-out fillets are used to make "'gefilte fish,'' but there is room for developing additional mar- kets. Research on Underutilized Species: Unwanted fish species have one thing in Ccommon--they are not popular with consumers. The underlying cause of their unpopu- larity varies with the different species. The fact that these fish are unpopular does not mean that they lack potential for the consumer market. Food technologists feel that a more complete knowledge of their composi- Vol. 24, No. 9 tion and a better understanding of how to handle, proc- ess, and market them could mean the difference be- tween an unsalable food product and a readily salable one. The London Technological Unit of the Fisheries Re- search Board of Canada, in the five short years of its existence, has been actively investigating the underuti- lized fish problem in the Great Lakes and has made some useful discoveries. Studies of the nutrient compositon of each of the problem species have been made and are still in prog- ress. As some of the species have been found to deteri- orate rapidly, studies of the microflora (especially the spoilage organisms) found on them have been initiated. Studies of fishing gear, fish-processing equipment, and means of handling fresh-water fish products are a con- tinuing part of the Unit's program. A senior scientist at the Unit is developing a variety of new products from the underutilized fish species which may have commer- cial application. New Products from Underutilized Species: One of the scientist's current projects is the development of sausage-type fish products. Fish sausages, he affirms, are 100 percent edible, high in food value, and require little attention from the cook. If produced on a com- mercial scale to compete favorably in price with meat sausages, they would likely find a ready market. Three types of sausage are being investigated: (1) uncooked fish sausages, (2) cooked fish sausages (bologna-type rolls), and (3) cooked smoked fish sausages ("'wieners"). All three have been prepared experimentally with suc - cess and seem to have a good market potential. More work has been done on the fish ''wiener" than on the other two types of sausage. Fish ''wieners'' have been prepared from burbot, carp, catfish, perch, sheepshead, smelt, sucker, and whitefish. All varieties with the exception of smelt have proved satisfactory. Carp and whitefish, because of the cohesive properties of the meat made the best "wieners.'' Blends of various species, especially those containing carp and whitefish, were excellent. Smelt was unsuitable because the meat lacked cohesiveness and developed a dirty grey color when minced. The basic procedure for making fish ''wieners" is as follows: Chunks of frozen fillets are minced to a pulp in a grinder and blended according to a precise formula with fat, spices, water, and a cereal binder. The homogenized product is then stuffed into animal or cellulose casings and tied off in links. Chains of these links are smoked according to a predetermined sched- ule, following which they are cooked in water and chilled. The finished ''wieners" look like meat wieners. They can be formulated to taste like meat ''wieners"' or to re- tain a distinctive fish flavor, whichever is desired, Work on them is continuing as there are still a number of variables to be determined before approved formulae can be offered to commercial producers. Rivaling the ''wieners" in popularity are the fish Bo- logna-type rolls. These are prepared from skinned fil- lets pressed together in a transparent casting with a binder substance like egg albumin, and then cooked. As is the case with the ''wieners,'' it is important that the fish species selected to make the rolls have meat with good cohesive properties. Three such species found to make excellent fish rolls are whitefish, carp, and pike. September 1962 Canada (Contd.): An interesting sidelight of the work on the fish sau- sages has to do with the mincing operation. Up to now, dressed fish could not be used to make sausages be- cause of the bone. If in processing the bone could be finely ground and homogenized with the meat, the nu- tritional value of such products would be increased and the filleting operation eliminated. Recently a new cut- ting mill has been put on the market which reduces fish meat and bone to a smooth paste at a low temperature, using centrifugal force, The first one of its kind in Canada was expected to be delivered to the London Technological Unit. Cut-out whitefish fillets have been tested in several new products, one being fish ball "'servies''--all that has to be done is to heat and serve them. ''Servies," like the sausages, are prepared from homogenized fillets. They are about the size of golf balls, golden brown on the surface and smooth, firm, and white on the inside. Their flavor is mild. If produced commercially, the ''servies'' might be frozen and marketed in boilable plastic bags, each bag of a size to contain an individual serving. Ease of preparation would seem to make this product ideal for use in institutions where quick service is essential. Another possible new use for the cut-out whitefish fillets is in patties. Fish patties have been prepared by molding uncooked minced fish in a patty-molding machine developed for the commercial manufacture of meat patties. Before serving, the patties were cooked by various means such as deep-frying, sauteing, baking, and boiling in a plastic bag. Three varieties of fish, whitefish, perch, and smelt, have been used to make the patties. Whitefish made excellent patties with smooth texture and good flavor. Perch patties were also good. Smelt did not make a product of acceptable quality. A number of the new products developed have been freeze-dried in the medical laboratories of the De- fense Research Board of Canada. Of these, the minced fish patties have been one of the most successful. Freeze-dried minced fish patties may be a food item that will develop successfully in the future. A new method of dressing chub prior to smoking has been developed by the London (Ontario) Technological Unit. Chubs are found in substantial quantities in Lake Huron. The heads, tails, fins, and viscera are removed and they are spread open and flattened in such a man- ner that when viewed from the skinless side each fish looks like a fillet. After being dressed, they are soaked in brine and then smoked at temperatures progressing from 120-170 F. They emerge from the smoke tunnel fully cooked. Canned Products from Underutilized Species: When the London Technological Unit was established in 1957, one of the first problems brought to its attention was the lack of market outlets for smelt, especially during the glut season. Canning, it was felt, might be an answer and so smelt canning experiments were initiated. The smelt were canned following basic fish canning proce- dures developed earlier at the Fisheries Research Board's Vancouver Technological Station. As the work progressed, innovations were made. The smelt were canned in just about every conceivable man- ner which seemed practical, They were given various precanning treatments such as brining, smoking, mari- nating in vinegar, and breading followed by pan frying. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 67 They were packed in various forms such as whole and ungutted, whole dressed, as fillets, and as rolled fillets (rollmops"). They were packed with and without the skin removed. They were processed with added salt and with such other additives as oil, spices, and sauces. Some of the treatments produced better results than others. In general, however, the results indicated that a satisfactory canned smelt product can be obtained. Canning experiments at the Unit were not confined to smelt alone. As additional equipment was installed, the experiments were broadened to include a wide variety of species from both the Great Lakes and the lakes of the Prairie Provinces. The following general observa- tions resulted. Canning appeared to develop the flavor of certain species but not others. In some, it produced an undesirable aftertaste which may or may not be caused by overcooking or undercooking. The texture of canned fresh-water fish generally tends not to be as firm as that of canned salmon. It was found that fish of the same species taken from different lakes will, on canning, exhibit different flavor and texture character- istics. When asked which of the Unit's canned products had the greatest potential for the Canadian market, one opinion was that whitefish canned in the salmon-type pack was an attractive product and could be rated first for flavor, with canned suckers a close second. Re- garding the export market, it was believed that canned alewives, which could be produced at very low cost, might find favor in newly-developing countries. (Cana- da Trade News, May 1962.) Kk Kk Kk NEW TAX APPLIES TO SHRIMP IMPORTED FROM THE UNITED STATES: A new Canadian tax on imports has, in ef- fect, offset the reduction in the duty rate on fresh, frozen, and canned shrimp granted to the United States in recent negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). On July 1, 1962, the Canadian duty on shrimp imported from the United States and elsewhere was reduced from 10 percent to 5 percent ad valorem. Effective June 25, 1962, however, a 5-percent surcharge was added to many Canadian import duties includ- ing the duties on shrimp and other fishery products. The surcharge or tax was one of the steps taken by the Canadian Government to stabilize its currency and to overcome balance-of-pay- ment difficulties. Under the GATT, however, these surcharges must be removed as soon as these conditions have been corrected. He ok OK OK Ok PURSE SEINERS IN NEW BRUNSWICK CAN'T FISH WITHIN ONEMILE OF STATIONARY FISHING GEAR: A new amendment scheduled to become part of Canada's New Brunswick fishing regu- 68 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Canada (Contd.): lations will prohibit purse seiners from op- erating within one nautical mile of fishing weirs and trap nets during the summer fish- ing season, according to a June 5, 1962, an- nouncement by Canada's Department of Fish- eries. Canada's Fisheries Minister stated that steps were being taken to amend the regula- tions in force, which allow purse Seiners to fish within one-half nautical mile of station- ary fishing gear after discussions with the operators of weirs and trap-nets, as well as with the operators of purse seiners, particu- larly those in the Bay of Fundy area of Char- lotte County, New Brunswick. When in force, the one-mile restriction will be for the period April 15 to November 15 inclusive, whichis the time when almost all the weirs and trap-nets are in operation. For the remainder of the year, purse seiners will be permitted to operate within 2,000 feet of any weir, trap-net, or any other stationary fishing gear being used. Neste glee Te Sere) aS SEA-BED DRIFTERS USED TO STUDY NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN CURRENTS: A simple device called a sea-bed drifter is being used to get information about ocean currents. It consists of a weighted plastic rod with an orange plastic saucer at the top. Each drifter has a spaghetti-like tag tied to it. Scientists of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada are studying ocean currents that flow over the rich fishing banks along the Atlantic coast of Canada by using these devices. Tag, spaghetti-type— Plastic Rod Large numbers of sea-bed drifters were released over the Canadian Atlantic fishing Vol. 24, No. 9 banks. They will be carried on the sea bed by currents and may be caught by fishermen in their otter-trawl nets or they may be wash- ed:ashore. Fishermen or others recovering sea-bed drifters are asked to send the tag to the Fish- eries Research Board at St. Andrews, New Brunswick. The Board wants to know the date and position of drifter when found as well as the kind of fishing gear, if applicable, with which it was picked up. The Board will pay a reward of one dollar for each sea-bed drift- er tag returned with the required information. | A description of where and when the sea-bed drifter was released will also be given those sending intags. (Canada's Trade News, June 1962.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1962 p. 21. se sk ook ook ok Kk OOK Ok OOK SEA LION CONTROL PROGRAM IN COASTAL WATERS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA: Professional hunters were hired by Can- ada's Department of Fisheries in 1962 in an attempt to reduce the number of sea lions in important fishing areas along the British Co- lumbia coast. Sea lions have always plagued the gill-net and troll fisheries in certain of the better fishing areas. Some fishermen have had severe losses of catch, gear, and fishing time because of the animals. The to- tal populations of sea lions in waters adjacent to British Columbia is estimated at 7,000- 8,000 animals. Professional hunters have not been used before. In the past, Departmental officers stationed in areas where sea lions are known to be numerous have tried to control the sea lion population. The new sea lion control program was described as ''strictly experimental.’ But it has the full support of research scientists of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada who conduct extensive and continuing studies of sea lions in Canadian waters. Hunting is done under the close supervision of a scientific personnel or Fisheries Officers. A Van- couver company was given a contract for a four-week hunt. One week of the hunt was completed by June. Later in the season, the hunters were to return to the coastal areas for the remainder of the contract period. The contracting company was also granted a permit to take 1,000 sea lions from rook- eries at Cape St. James and in the Scott Is- lands. The sea lion control program in coast- al waters is entirely separate from the com- September 1962 Canada (Contd.): mercial hunt in the rookeries. This is the fourth year the company has engaged in the commercial sea lion hunt at the major rook- eries. Investigations have shown that the re- duction of sea lion stocks at the rookeries had no significant effect upon populations in areas near the fishing grounds. (Canada's Trade News, June 1962.) Cook Islands JOINT JAPANESE- NEW ZEALAND TUNA BASE: The Japanese are to take part in a tuna industry base at Rarotonga, Cook Islands. A canning factory is to built at Rarotonga by a firm in the Cook Islands which is a subsid- iary of a Dunedin, New Zealand, firm. The Japanese will provide boats and crews to catch the fish for the cannery. Final details of the joint Japanese-New Zealand venture were being worked out in May 1962. Part of the deal is that the Japa- nese must help to train Cook Islanders in their boats. Each boat will train four Cook Islanders each year and use them at the end of their training to replace Japanese crew members. Eventually full crews will be Maori, under the scheme. However, the boats and the profits from the sale of the catch would still belong to the Japanese. Meanwhile, the Cooks! Director of Fish- eries is still going ahead with his plan to train Cook Islanders for tuna fishing. He is using Japanese fishing equipment. (Pacific Islands Monthly, June 1962.) Denmark FILLETING ASSOCIATION SEEKS CLOSER CONTACT WITH FISHERMEN: At the annual meeting of the Danish Flat- fish Fillet Association in Esbjerg in late June 1962, it was noted that no decision was expected on the request that the filleting of frozen fish be approved until the Fisheries Ministry's Research Laboratory completed its study later in the year. There are divid- ed views of the proposal in the Association. Filleting machines for flatfish are in use in COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 69 several filleting plants, but it is not yet possi- ble to exercise final judgment on their value. The increase in the minimum size of plaice is a development in the right direction--larg- er fillets--but it is minor and has not been in effect long enough to determine any effect on prices. Association members were not opposed to minimum prices sought by fishermen but in- dicated low prices were due to lack of organi- zation with respect to landings. Fishermen seek the fish they can catch, leaving the dis- tribution problem wholly to the buyers. This adversely affects prices and makes it diffi- cult to take advantage of special supply and demand situations. Better contact between the filleters and the fishermen was urged for their mutual benefit. (Fisheries Attache, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, July 4, 1962.) 3 7k OR KK FISHERIES TRENDS, JAN.-JUNE 1962: Denmark's fishing industry may set new annual records for the amount of fish landed and the value of fish exported. Landings in January-June 1962 were 8 percent ahead of the same period of 1959 when the record an- nual catch was made. The value of exports of fishery products during the first half of 1962 was 16 percent greater than in the same period of the record year 1961. The value of exports of canned herring during the first half of 1962 was four times greater than in the same period of 1961; exports of lobster tails doubled in value; and exports of cod fil- lets increased 12 percent in value. But the value of exports of pond trout was down 33 percent. Denmark's total fishery products exports to the United States in the first half of 1962 were worth 26 percent more than in the same period of 1961. Denmark's increased exports were a- chieved without subsidies. The fishing indus- try in Denmark contributes only one-half to one percent of the gross national product but accounts for about 5 percent of all exports. A need for Government or joint Government- industry support of ex-vessel fish prices has been expressed by fishermen. (United States Embassy, Copenhagen, August 1, 1962.) INDUSTRIAL FISH LANDINGS WERE HEAVY IN JUNE 1962: Fish reduction plants in the Esbjerg area of Jutland on Den- mark’s North Sea coast were overwhelmed with landings of in- 70 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Denmark (Contd.): dustrial fish, especially sand eels (Ammodytes lanceolatus) in June 1962, Sand eels are characterized as ‘‘soft™ fish and lower appreciably the capacity of the reduction plants when not mixed with ‘‘firm’’ industrial fish, such as horse mackerel, whiting, etc. Between 4,000 and 5,000 metric tons of sand eels were reported landed in one day. Ultimately, this resulted in the dumping of 500 tons or more of sand eels at sea for which the cooperative reduction plant paid the fishermen the contract ex-vessel price of $26.10 a metric ton, Cutters were placed on tonnage limits, deckloads were banned, and they were re- quired to land in rotation. Prices for ‘‘firm’’ fish were tem- porarily increased from $26,10 to $29.00 a ton to induce fish- ermen to land those varieties. During the period of restricted landings arrangements were made for cutters to land their catches in Norway and West Germany with Ijmuiden in the Netherlands also expressing in- terest. Industrial fish landed in Cuxhaven, West Germany, by Danish cutters brought $21.03 a ton and in Egersund, Nor- way, $21.39 a ton, Under the circumstances, these net prices were considered reasonably satisfactory, although somewhat lower than the gross price of $26.10 a ton prevailing in Esbjerg from which, however, landing costs must be deducted, By July 1 the landing limitations in the Esbjerg area had been raised considerably and it appeared that plant capacities again were in line with landings, The immediate future of the Danish fishery for industrial fish was brightened by two decisions made at the Hamburg meeting dealing with North Sea Convention matters in May, The dispensation permitting Danish fishing vessels to land up to 10 percent undersize whiting in their industrial fish catches was continued until June 1, 1966. Anda regulation in the Skagerak-Kattegat area, permitting small Danish craft to use a mesh smaller than prescribed by the Convention and to land unlimited amounts of undersize whiting, used mostly for brook trout and mink food, was extended until June 1, 1964. (Fisheries Attache, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, July 4, 1962,) TK OK KR eK POND CULTURE OF RAINBOW TROUT: Raising rainbow trout in ponds in Denmark is primarily a fresh-water culture, but some experiments have been con- ducted in rearing trout in salt-water ponds. In its 1960 annu- al report, the Technological Research Laboratory of the Danish Ministry of Fisheries stated that samples of rainbow trout transferred from fresh-water ponds for further rearing at a salt-water trout farm developed meat that was distinctly red, At the time of transfer, the fish ranged in weight from 3,5 ounces to 5.3 ounces, Their meat remained light-colored after a period of from 1 to 2-1/2 months in the salt-water pond, but after about 4 months the meat was a definite red color, There is very little salt-water culture of rainbow trout in Denmark, and experiments made so far were not successful in the opinion of some observers, Salt-Water Culture of Rainbow Trout: To some degree, the unsuccessful experiments in salt-water rearing of rain- bow trout may have been due to technical difficulties, such as barriers being broken down by storms, or fish being killed because of oxygen deficiencies in hot weather because of lack of currents in the water, Also physiological difficulties may have occurred, especially in winter, when the fish are unable to maintain the osmoregulation necessary to compensate for the salinity of the water, Nothing is done to control the salin- ity in the ponds. As a general rule salinity must not exceed 15 percent in the summer, and 10 percent in the winter, In Denmark, rainbow trout reared in salt water are fed on fish just as they are in fresh-water ponds, There has been little experience with diseases of rain- bow trout raised in salt-water, but a bacterial disease re- sembling furunculosis has been observed, which was cured with sulfamerazine, Vol. 24, No. 9 Srassbse Sh Fig. 1 - Fresh-water rainbow trout pond at Bréns, Denmark, about 45 miles south of Esbjerg. Originally started by trout pond operators as a research station, it was later offered to the Danish Government for research, Now it is jointly oper- ated by the Government and the trout growers. Research is conducted to obtain better growth by experiments in genet- ics--mating best growers. Dry food from the United States is fed to the young trout, but older trout get fresh fish from Esbjerg. Fresh-Water Rainbow Trout Culture: The common food used in fresh-water trout culture in Denmark is salt-water fish not used for human consumption--mostly small herring and whiting, and several other species. Dry food in pellet form is used to some extent when fry are fed in troughs. ae: Iceland FISHERIES TRENDS, JANUARY-JULY 1962: Landings: All species of fish landed by Icelandic vessels in the first four months of 1962 totaled 193,399 tons as compared with 185,943 tons in the same period of the pre- vious year. The increase in the herring catch was partly offset by a decline of 6,000 tons in groundfish landings. The decline in groundfish landings was due to a drop in landings by the trawler fleet. Trawler Fishery: The trawlers had poor catches early in the year and then on March 10 they stopped fishing because of a dispute between the trawler seamen's union and ves- sel owners over wages and terms. The dis- pute was settled on July 18, but the trawlers were slow to resume fishing. By August 2, only 9 trawlers were fishing. An additional 4 or 5 trawlers were transporting herring. Iceland's own trawlers were excluded from certain inshore fishing grounds when Iceland extended her fishing limits to 12 miles. Since then the trawlers have operat- ed at aloss. The Government recently passed a bill that will provide about 60 mil- lion kroner (US$1.4 million) to help compen- sate trawlers for their losses in 1960 and 1961. The money will come partially from the existing fisheries catch guarantee fund, which is financed by export levies placed on the motorboats as well as the trawlers, and the balance (about half) is matched by the Treasury. Trawler Dispute Settled: Employers and seamen on July 18 approved the wages and terms agreement made by their representa- tives on July 5. Seamen will improve their earnings from the share-of-the-catch under the terms of the new agreement. The Chair- man of the Seamen's Federation described the increase as ''20-21 percent, provided that half of the catchis for the domestic mar- ket and the other half for the foreign mar- ket.'' Reports of good catches of codand had- dock off Greenland's east coast had exerted pressure for settlement of the dispute. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW UU Even though the trawlers were free to go to sea on July 19, other problems were to de- lay their sailing. Only part of the fleet had been fitted out at that time. The press report- ed that trawler officers were negotiating with owners for better wages and terms. Also, the question of what additional government assist- ance the trawlers may receive had not yet been settled satisfactorily from the owner's viewpoint. The trawler strike was marked by a sharp controversy over the possibility of allowing Icelandic trawlers to conduct more extensive fishing within the 12-mile fishing limits off the Icelandic coast. Ata July 5 meeting of the Reykjavik City Council, the Mayor (supported by Independent and So- cial Democratic Party members) spoke in favor of such trawler relief. The Progres- sive Party members pointed out that such steps would greatly endanger both the opera- tions and catch of the smaller motor fishing vessels, and might prompt foreign countries to demand similar rights for their trawlers. Herring Fishery: An excellent winter her- ring catch off the southwest coast of Iceland was followed by record landings from the summer herring fishery off the north coast. Winter herring landings in the first 4 months of 1962 amounted to 41,080 metric tons, a gain of 52.0 percent over landings of 27,027 tons during the same period in 1961. The summer herring season was delayed this year until June 24 by a dispute between fish- ermen and vessel owners over division of the proceeds of the catch. But by July 22, the summer herring catch amounted to 114,264 tons, a gain of 6.7 percent over the catch of 107,055 tons by the same date last year. The improvement in herring catches in the last two years was partly due to the use of more efficient equipment by part of the her- ring fleet. Some vessels added sonar to lo- cate schools of fish, and power gear to haul loaded nets, North Coast Herring Season: By mid- June 1962 fishing vessel owners and fisher- men were still in disagreement over division of the herring catch. Because it was feared the start of the Icelandic north coast herring season might be further delayed, a Provi- sional Decree was issued by Iceland's Pres- ident on June 24, making it possible for the fleet of about 240 herring vessels to put out to sea. The vessels moved promptly to the herring runs off the north coast and caught moderate quantities of what was considered good fat fish. Herring had moved close to shore and even into the fjords this summer. By July 1, a total of 14,518 metric tons was 78 Iceland (Contd.): caught as compared with 21,307 tons by the same date the previous year when there was no delay in the start of the fishery. A total of 65,612 metric tons of herring had been landed by July 15, 1962, as compared with landings of 77,424 tons by the same date last year. The catch in 1961 was the largest since 1944, This year's catch consists of good quality herring, and salting proceeded normally. The Provisional Decree was hailed by the Social Democratic and Independence Party press, but was denounced by the Central Board of IFL as ''violation by State power of the basic rights of labor unions." Timmin, a newspaper, reflecting the views of the Pro- gressive Party, charged that the Government was acting too late. Since the Icelandic State Mediator believed that further negotiations between both parties involved in ''share-of-catch'' dispute was fu- tile and since no agreement was reached be- fore July 10, 1962, an Arbitration Board (with a majority of its members chosen by the Supreme Court) was appointed to decide the question. Herring Dispute Settled: The Arbitration Board decided the herring dispute. Crews of boats equipped with Asdic finders and pow- er haulage systems were awarded 34.5 to 35.5 percent of the value of the catch depend- ing on the size of boat. The old contract, giving 40 percent of the catch value to crew members, will remain in force for boats without such equipment (about one-third of the fleet). The minimum monthly wage, pay- able in case of a poor catch was raised from 5,365 kroner (US$125) to 6,610 kroner (US$154). Each seaman gets a free 200, 000 kroner (US$4,657) life insurance policy, and 1 percent of the value of the catch goes into a medical aid fund for seamen. Salted Herring: Herring salting began on July 4, with the fat content fixed at about 20 percent. In 1961, salting started on June 19. A total of 8,255 tons had been salted by July 15, 1962. Prices received for salted herring in June were higher than in 1961, and the United States figured substantially in sales for the first time in a number of years. Ne- gotiations were continued with the Soviet Union, which bought 40,000 more barrels than the 120,000 barrels of salted herring called for in the trade protocol during 1961. The COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 9 Soviets wished to decrease correspondingly the amount purchased in 1962. As of July 27, the Soviet Union had not renewed its contract to buy salted herring from Iceland. The Herring Production Board concluded some contracts for the prospective north shore herring catch as follows: for salted herring, 165,000 barrels to Sweden and Finland, and 11,000 barrels to the United States. Herring Meal: Prices for herring meal at 16 to 18 shillings ($2.248 to $2.529) per unit of protein were fairly good, but herring oil prices were not considered good. By July 15, a total of 55,826 tons of herring had been sold to reduction plants. About 92,761 tons of the herring catch to July 22, 1962, was used for meal and oil as compared to 62,727 tons used for meal and oil by the same date last year. The export price for herring oil in July 1962 was £.37.1 per metric ton (4.7 U.S. cents per pound). In July 1961, export prices for Ice- land herring oil ranged as high as 70.0 per metric ton (8.9 U.S. cents per pound). The decline in herring oil prices was due to se- vere competition from Peruvian anchovy oil, United States menhaden oil, and vegetable oils. Contracts made by the Herring Production Board for herring meal and oil amounted to about 148 million kroner ($3.4 million)--a- bout 14,000 metric tons of meal and 11,000 tons of oil. Production and Marketing: The value of frozen fillets exported during the first five months of 1962 was 55 percent greater than in the same period of 1961 and accounted for 30 percent of the value of Iceland's total ex- ports. Early in 1962 the U.S.S.R. contracted to buy 13,000 metric tons of frozen cod and 5,000 tons of frozen perch during 1962, for b145 per ton (18.4 U.S. cents per pound). Iceland sold frozen fish to the Soviet Union in 1961 for £128 per ton (16.3 U.S. cents per pound), Although the fish could probably have been sold to the Western countries, the con- tracts were made at a time when the Freezing Plants Corporation was having difficulty in making prompt payments to its members from sales in the United States. Later the Freezing Plants Corporation and Samband, the other major frozen fish exporter, received working credits of US$4 million from two New York City banks. The credits enabled them to make prompt payments for fish sold in the United States. The Freezing Plants Corpora- tion has reorganized its sales organization in order to increase its sales of frozen fish to the Western countries. A new frozen fish September 1962 Iceland (Contd.): exporter, Atlantor Ltd., entered the frozen fish export business with five freezing plants at the beginning of 1962. It has been success- fulin selling allits frozen fish to Great Brit- ain andthe United States and in making prompt payments to its member plants. In order to take advantage of the vast fish market developing in Africa, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is planning to send a com- mercial representative to Nigeria. This area has long provided Iceland with a market for stockfish. The spread of refrigeration equipment in the more developed countries of Africa has caused this area to be consid- ered as a potential market for frozen fish exports. Iceland would welcome an addi- tional market for its fish, especially if it does not reach a favorable arrangement with the European Common Market. Whaling: Iceland was enjoying a record whaling catch this season. On June 27, the Icelandic State Radio announced that 137 whales had been caught compared with 87by the same time in 1961. From May 20, the opening of the season, until July 26, a total of 269 whales were caught as compared to 165 for the same period in 1961. But the price of whale oil slipped to E45 per long ton (5.6 U.S. cents per pound) in July 1962, down 38.5 percent from the price in 1961 of B73.1 per ton (9.1 U.S. cents per pound). Soviet Research Vessels: Two Soviet oceanographic research vessels arrived in Reykjavik on July 13, 1962. The newspaper Morgunbladid said that the Foreign Office had allowed the vessels to enter to take on water and provisons. (United States Embas- sy, Reykjavik, July 13, 20, 27, and August 3, 1962.) WOR OR OK OK EXPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS, JANUARY-MAY 1962; During January-May 1962, there was a considerable increase in exports of frozen herring, frozen fish fillets, salted herring, herring oil, and herring meal as compared with the same period in 1961, according to the Statistical Bureau of Iceland's Statistical Bulletin, June 1962. Exports of fish meal and ocean perch meal showed a considerable decrease in the first five months of 1962. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Tits) Icelandic Fishery Exports, January- May 1962 with Comparisons =| Jan.- May 1962 | Jan,.-May 1961 Product T — Qty. Value f.o.b. Qty. | Value f.o.b. Metric 1,000 US$ Tons Kr. /1,000 alted|fish/idried| ..:;.):,2:-)- . « 1,215 44,205] 1,158 alted fish, uncured ....... 14,043 113,954| 2,986 ingsiysaltedii.pcacwcvehemenene ie 735 11,108} 291 tOCKfish ey. retote: crarotoporenetone 4,213 117,611] 3,081 Gast? GW (66656 G00.0.0 4,828 9,630) 252 her fishtonyice.: sy eretenenene 12,864 58,065| 1,521 erring pfrozenter.jcuedeysieterere 11,680 39,208| 1,027 ther frozen fish, whole 857 6,995 183 rozen fish fillets ........ 26,611 259,981) 6,812 hrimp and lobster, frozen 12,498 327 oes, frozen, 6,059 159 anned fish 7,127 187 od-liver oil 14,975 392 umpfish roes, salted 5,518 145 her roes for food, salted 23,403 613 oes for bait, salted Rawsteitate! 1,327 35 erring, ealiede eee 57,912 | 1,517 erringpoiles-yeeteneletetey eveiers 17,823 22,944 601 ceaniperchioill S 3 Oe Fig. 2 - Partial view of the wheelhouse showing in- strumentation, including radar, The survey will take 14 months to com- plete, and the responsibility for perform- ance under the contract was assigned to the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 9 Fig. 3 - Hydraulic lobster pot hauling block. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Region 2, St. Petersburg Beach, Fla. The Bureau's Exploratory Fishing and Gear Researchbase at Pascagoula will exercise general super- visory authority over the survey work. Peru FISHERIES TRENDS, SECOND QUARTER 1962: The Peruvian fishing industry continued to expand during the second quarter of 1962, According to industry data to- tal exports of all fishery products amounted to 559,771 met- ric tons during the first half of 1962, up 27.7 percent from fishery products exports of 436,790 tons during the same period of 1961. Data are not available on the quantity of fish meal produced and exported during January-June 1962, But fish meal exports on the average account for about 85 per- cent of Peru’s total exports of fishery products, (Editor’s note: According to reports submitted to the International Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers, Peruvian fish meal production January~ May 1962 amounted to 460,623 metric tons.) The value of fish meal exports during the first quarter of 1962 was 845 million soles (US$31.5 million), over three times greater than the value of fish meal exports during the same period of 1961. Value (f.0.b.) of Peru’s Exports of Fish Meal, First Quarter 1960-62 January-March Million Soles 260.1 Note: Values converted at rate of US$1 equal 26.82 soles in the first quarter of 1962; 26.80 soles in the same period of 1961; and 27.70 soles in the first quarter of 1960. During the first quarter of 1962 exports of fish meal led all other Peruvian commodity exports in value, and fish oil exports ranked ninth. Heavy stocks of fish meal carried over from 1961 partly accounted for the unusually large shipments in the first quarter of 1962, Fish meal exports September 1962 Peru (Contd.): during the second quarter were not as large as in the first quarter. But industry representatives estimate that fish meal exports for the full year 1962 will be over a million tons, possibly 1.2 million tons. In 1961, fish meal exports amounted to 760,619 tons according to industry data (Gov- ernment statistics show 1961 fish meal exports as 708,366 tons). Peruvian fish meal producers enjoyed a strong world market demand for their products in the first half of 1962. During the first quarter of.1962, fish meal export prices averaged about US$92 per metric ton, 31.4 percent above the average export price of $70 per ton in 1961, European demand increased due to poor crops of animal feedstuffs in many continental areas. Reduced competition from other fish meal producing countries which continue to experience low production also helped create a favorable market for Peruvian fish meal. The present good returns to Peruvian fish meal producers have spurred substantial additional in- terest in investment in fish meal plants. It is understood that 72 applications for licenses to establish new fish meal plants along the Peruvian coast were submitted during the first half of 1962 and 38 have been granted. But construc~- tion of new plants in the Lima-Callao area has been pro- hibited. A constantly increasing number of fishing vessels of larger size and capacity, permitting access to fishing grounds farther from the coast, is expected to supply enough anchoveta for the potential increase in production, There seems to be no concern that there will be overfish- ing of anchoveta in Peruvian waters, Also, there appears to be little concern that there will continue to be a prof- itable market for the increased production of fish meal expected in the future. The Consorcio Pesquera del Peru, S. A, (Fisheries Consortium of Peru) is the marketing agency for a large percentage of Peru's fish meal production, It has been reported that the Consortium is working to expand its membership through broadening the advantages its mar- keting organization can offer, The Government may even require producers, especially those entering the industry, to become members. In the second quarter of 1962, pro- ducers in the Consortium accounted for 82 percent of to- tal fish meal production, (United States Embassy, Lima, July 26, 1962.) TUNA FISHING DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES: There is a constantly growing interest within and without the South African fishing industry in the possibilities of de- veloping an important tuna fishing industry in South Africa, This industry is thought of as an export industry; emphasis is almost entirely on catching and freezing tuna for export to Italy, Yugoslavia, and the United States. The market po- tentialities must, therefore, be measured in terms of the world market for tuna. In South Africa there are groups interested in exploiting the tuna possibilities. Aside from rod-and-line fishing from pleasure boats, tuna fishing to date has been done in the pilchard off-season with wooden pilchard boats and Jap~ anese long-line gear. The Fisheries Development Corpo- ration, a Government-sponsored body, has equipped one pil- chard boat with a tuna purse seine and power block, but tests have only just started and cannot be evaluated yet. According to investigations of the South Africa Depart- ment of Fisheries and the findings of two other firms or groups of companies, tuna is abundant in South African wa- ters. There were about 400 metric tons of tuna caught in COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 101 1961. The estimate for 1962, based on present catches, is 3,000 tons. Catch of one boat in early August was 4 tons per day. Catch of another boat in one morning’s set was 3.5 tons. The boats are 50 to 60 feet, and fishing is with Japanese-type long lines. The tuna presently caught by long lines brings the follow- ing prices at the dock: Price to boat owners who borrow equipment from factory and receive ice and bait is $57.14 a ton. Price to boat owners who have their own equipment, ice, and bait is $85.50 a ton, The boat owner pays crew $25.71 a ton. The fish is weighed after head, fins, and en- trails are removed. In 1961 about 400 tons of tuna were caught. A South African canning and fishing company is interest- ed in obtaining financial and technical assistance from United States tuna industry interests for establishing a tuna fishing enterprise in South Africa. Registered in 1953 as a propri- etary company with an authorized capital of R200,000 ($280,000) of which R129,100 ($180,740) have been paid in, the firm operates a fish canning factory at St. Helena Bay, about 80 miles north of Cape Town. The cannery employs 100 workers during the season, November-July. The firm owns two fishing vessels (67-foot wood pilchard boats); is en- gaged in the catching and canning of pilchards, jack macker- el and true mackerel; production of fish meal and oil; pro- duces a certain amount of dried shark and shark fins; and handles spiny lobster for the local market, Since there is very little room for expansion in the present fishing activi- ties of the firm because they are pegged at their present limits, the firm seeks to enter other types of fishing, such as tuna. The firm’s Managing Director points out that since the long-line method is not the most economical one for tuna, it would be desirable to use purse seines, But since that meth- od needs bigger boats, expensive nets, and a good bit of know- how, the firm envisages to form a subsidiary company for tu~ na fishing with participation of a United States firm who could bring in some, perhaps 50 percent, of the capital, as well as the necessary experience in purse seining. The type of re- turn envisaged is a share in the equity of the subsidiary com- pany to be formed, up to 50 percent. Investor would be at lib- erty to share in the management in accordance with his finan- cial interest. The type of purse seiner used in the United States west coast tuna fishery could be built cheaply in South Africa, but power blocks and nets would have to be imported, There is no import restriction on necessary equipment for the fishing industry and so there is no reason to think that there would be any obstacles in the way of equipping such a vessel, Har- bor facilities, including drydocking and marine railways, are adequate and there are plenty of highly-skilled fishermen who would be available to man the vessel. rk ok ok ok ook PILCHARD-MAASBANKER FISHERY, JANUARY-MARCH 1962: The Republic of South Africa cape west coast pelagic shoal fishery for the first three months of 1962 totaled: pilchards 283,613 short tons, maasbanker 4,451 tons, and mack- erel 9,207 tons. The total catch was 297,271 tons. The catch in March 1962 was: pilchards 94,775 tons, maasbanker 3,175 tons, and mackerel 3,020 tons. The total March catch was 100,970 tons. In March 1961 the catch was: pilchards 64,698, maasbanker 4,145 tons, and mackerel 3,663 tons; a grand total of 72,506 tons. In 1960 the total catch in March was 84,327 tons. 102 South Africa Republic (Contd.): The March catch this year yielded: fish meal 24,001 short tons, fish body oil 1,793,903 Imperial gallons, canned pilchards 2,244,576 pounds, canned maasbanker 1,681,152 pounds, and canned mackerel 1,333,776 pounds. (The South African Ship- ping News and Fishing Industry Review, May 1962.) South-West Africa FISHERY TRENDS FOR 1961: Although landings increased, the value of fishery prod- ucts manufactured in South-West Africa declined in 1961. The record catch of 378,032 short tons of pilchard and maasbanker was 21.9 percent above the amount landed in 1960. Spiny lobster landings in 1961 of 6,361 short tons increased 48.7 percent over 1960, But the total value of manufactured fishery products, estimated at 22,753,000 S.A. rands (US$31,854,000), was down 9.0 percent from 1960. The value declined because the pack of canned pil- chards in 1961 was much smaller than the pack in 1960, The decline in value was partly offset by an increase in the value of the production of frozen spiny lobster tails and fish meal. In addition to pilchards and spiny lobsters, a total of 1,912 short tons of whitefish, snoek, and other finfish were landed in 1961. South-West Africa’s Production of Sardine (Pilchard) and Spiny Lobster Products, 1960-1961 ————=—=—== Production hie (Short}Tons)- iu... sieWeWeHoheratieiteR=tsiisitelionen ola 76,975 114,034 siiohionetietereolierisite/ish seulemelieneke 77,735 55,122 eile Delisle Xerieielielelis hevtsls 19,710 16,694 —{ ... (1,000 Lbs.).... Spiny Lobster: Frozen tails .... In 1961, production was higher for fish meal (up 41.0 per- cent) and fish oil (up 18.1 percent), But the pack of canned pilchards was 32.5 percent below the pack in 1960. Heavy stocks of canned pilchards were on hand at the beginning of 1962 even though Walvis Bay canners severely restricted the pack in 1961. Only part of the canned pilchard pack had been sold by July 1962. During 1961 fish meal prices im- proved, but fish oil prices declined. The pack of frozen spiny lobster tails in 1961 was almost three times as large as the pack in 1960. Higher prices were received for the larger pack in 1961 because the demand con- tinued to exceed the supply. The amount of pilchards that may be landed in South-West Africa during 1962 has been raised to 435,000 short tons, an increase of 16 percent over the 1961 quota. (United States Embassy, Capetown, report of June 25, 1962.) Notes: One South African rand equals about US$1.40. Also see Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1962 pp. 68-70; July 1961 p. 87. et Veh COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No.9 Spain VIGO FISHERIES TRENDS, SECOND QUARTER 1962: _ Landings: Fish unloaded at the port of Vigo, Spain, dur- ing the second quarter of 1962 was 65.6 percent more in weight and 30.3 percent higher in value than during the first quarter of the year, and 4.9 percent more in quantity and 20.6 percent higher in value when compared with the second quarter of 1961, The average price per kilo for the second quarter of 1962 was 10.38 pesetas (7.8 U.S. cents a pound) compared with 13.24 pesetas (10 cents a pound) for the first quarter of 1962, and 9.04 pesetas (6.8 cents a pound) for the second quarter of 1961 The much higher landings of octopus and horse mackerel, and the fairly good start of the albacore fishing season were mainly responsible for the increased landings in the second quarter of 1962, The price of albacore started to increase as the season advanced because of the heavy demand from fish canners who were anxious to make up for the poor sar- dine season, Albacore and sardines are the basic species for the export market of canned fish. = Table 1 - Fish Handled by the Vigo Fish Exchange, Second Quarter 1962 with Comparisons Metric Tons 1,000 Pesetas 1962; eae Aprilejuneresccistemsetens January-March ,...... 18,322 11,065 190,409 146,117 1961: AprilsJunens re .veveenetevcts 17,461 157,931 Table 2 - Utilization of Fish Landed at Vigo Fish Exchange, Second Quarter 1962 with Comparisons ; Other Shipped Fresh Processing Period to For Smoking, Drying, omestic Mkts,{Canning! Fish Meal, etc.) Local Con- sum ption eae c peels a Metrictlons)i\c\, ss evecetorenenorene 813 8,624 716 TTL Vigo’s landings during April 1962 amounted to 5,804 metric tons with an ex-vessel value of 64.7 million pesetas (US$1.1 million) as compared with 5,831 tons valued at 52.0 million pesetas ($0.9 million) in April 1961. In May, 5,938 tons were unloaded valued at 54.9 million pesetas ($0.9 mil- lion) as against 6,410 tons and 56.6 million pesetas ($0.9 million) in May 1961. The lower landings for May 1962 were caused by a de- crease in catches of the following species: small hake 1,028 tons in May 1961 as against 549 tons in May 1962; pomfret 200 tons in May 1961 and 6 tons this May; sardines 378 tons in May 1961 and 207 tons in May this year; and horse mack~ erel 886 tons in May 1961 and 793 tons this May, Increases in other species, such as octopus, sea bream and cuttlefish, were not large enough to offset decreases in catches of ma- jor species, The lifting on April 15 of the conservation fishing ban on sardines did not help as catches of that species continued September 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 103 i : Canning: The fish canning industry was fairly active during Spain (Contd.): the second quarter of 1962, in spite of lack of commercial spe- cies and high costs. Sardine catches were not as abundant as ex- pected, and the prices were high. The albacore fishing season, which started about the middle of June accounted for limited catches only, and the prices also were high. Octopus and shell- fish (mainly mussels) made up the bulk of the packing at fish can- ning plants during the period. A collective agreement was being discussed for the fish can- ning industry. Unconfirmed reports indicated that minimum wage increases of about 30 percent will be granted by the agree- ment. Since this industry is dependent upon labor to a very large extent, it is easy to foresee a substantial increase in pro- duction costs, which will inevitably be reflected in the price of the finished product. Prices of Spanish canned fish in the inter- national market are already higher than those for similar prod- ucts from other countries--Portugal, Morocco, and Japan, in par- ticular--and exporters are apprehensive for their foreign trade prospects. Also contributing to high production costs is the price of tin- plate (which is estimated as a 30-60 percent factor of the total costs). Spanish tinplate costs about 1,720 pesetas (US$29,00) per 190-pound case. Imported tinplate is obtained at around 1,1 50 pesetas (US$19.00) f.o.b.; transportation costs and entrance du- ties (30-percent customs duties plus 12-percent fiscal tax) bring the price of imported tinplate to the level of domestic tinplate. light through most of the second quarter. The price of sar~ A reduction of 15 percent in customs duties has been requested dines at the fish exchange increased from 4,19 pesetas a by the canning industry. About 60,000 metric tons of tinplate are kilo (3.16 U.S. cents a pound) ex-vessel in April 1961 and imported each year. The prospects are for an increase in Span- 4,99 pesetas (3.76 cents a pound) in May 1961, to 6.87 and ish tinplate production to about 100,000 tons by 1963, when the 6.96 pesetas (5.19 and 5.27 cents a pound) in April and May needs of the canning industry will be around 140,000 tons, The 1962. Price increases were also reported for other species, problem of tinplate prices seems to be a long-term one, Table 3 - Landings and Average Ex-Vessel Prices of Principal Species at Vigo Fish Exchange April-June 1962 January-March 1962 April-June 1961 Average Price Qty. Average Price Average Price Pesetas/ US¢/ Metric | Pesetas/| US¢/ | Metric Kilo i Pesetas/ Lb. Tons Kilo Lb. Tons i Kilo OCEHPIS Goo bo o000 0000 3,09 2.3 1,711 4,44 3.4 3,249 3.23 Horse mackerel.....-.. 4,34 Sec 1,662 6.00 4.5 2,391 2.71 Makersmiallevaretcusierererele 25,58 19.3 2,794 23,07 17.4 2,973 19.84 SandineSmrepsyeleteheveleen siete HPAL 5,0 105 1,93 6.0 1,411 5,20 SCauDrealmptenevetevenelonoiens 11.76 8.9 490A 18.95 14.3 237 10.74 Hakenlargelssrarelalehsiersiere 46.62 35.2 145 59.16 44,7 238 45,45 NDACIIS 6.6:6:.0:0.00:0:0:000 28.37 21.4 - - - 188 23,04 to La Coruna, and to take full advantage of the increased capac ity of the fishing fleet under the new ‘‘Law for the Renovation of Albacore Tuna Fishing: The albacore tuna fishing season At least one local fish canner is experimenting with alu- started during the last week of June, The catches were re- minum as a substitute for tinplate with some success, es~ ported to run higher than during the first days of the 1961 sea- pecially for the more delicate products such as shellfish, and son. Prices at the fish exchange averaged 25-30 pesetas a other fish in which olive oil is not used. It will, however, be kilo (18.9-22.7 cents a pound) as compared with an average of some time before aluminum replaces tinplate in the local can- 23.04 pesetas a kilo (17.4 cents a pound) in 1961. In the opin- neries as the price is still higher than tinplate, and new ma- ion of some fishermen, the fishing for the season started too chinery will have to be installed. Some Portuguese fish can- late, since albacore were found close to Vigo Bay and they will neries are already using aluminum, probably have proceeded in their migration beyond the range of local fishing vessels before full advantage could be taken of the Canned Fish Exports: Exports of canned fish from Vigo season. dropped considerably during the second quarter of 1962, Al- though complete figures are not available, it is estimated that La Coruna Fishing Port: Improvements are being planned exports during the period April 21-May 20, 1962, were about for the La Coruna fishing port, second in importance in Galicia. 30 percent of the amount exported during the same period of The new facilities will include a 3,100-foot pier, fish exchange, 1961. post office, telephone and telegraph, banking and other services. — The plan is designed to attract fishing vessels from other ports Table 4 - Canned Fish Exported from Vigo, January-May 1962 Quantity Value the Spanish Fishing Fleet.’’ Metric Tons US$ Cod: Some of the fishing vessels that sailed to Newfoundland 962: ie for the cod fishing season in January had returned. Cod catches April 2iich Mayn2One rey scelie celeste si 319 194,652 were less than satisfactory, but data are not available as the February 21 - March 20 ....... 586 396,261 fish were landed at several ports in Galicia. January 21 - February 20 ...... 915 607,156 104 Spain (Contd.): Lack of commercial species and high prices were given as the main reason for the continued drop in exports, follow- ing the high level maintained through the second half of 1961 and early 1962. (United States Consulate, Vigo, report of Ju- ly 6 and 16, 1962, Note: Values converted at rate of 60.00 pesetas equal US$1.00. Sweden FISHING GEAR ATTACHMENT FOR SIMULTANEOUS TROLLING AT DIFFERENT DEPTHS: A recent development in trolling or line fishing is the Swedish ''surfing'' paravane manufactured in Goteborg, Sweden. It is claimed that by using 3 or 4 paravanes, fish SWEDEN SCALE OF MILES ° 50 100 OrnsRBldsvik —& —¥ 9 Leiwimesn =! “sHarnosand 74 N Por Gp VN EALY Vastera’ Troundionp _—— Goteborg GOT A/LAN Dey A Karlskrona SJ = Mh aici org S— = yd) ——— RAILROAD LINES Sy eS 1 oO” “ Trelleborg E 47-89 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. Y can be taken at the same time at different depths. An illustration of the "surfing" paravane shows a device with two fins sticking out of one side of a round ball. The vertical fin is set on the plane of the horizontal fin. (Edi- tor's note: The paravane appears to have some relation to the familiar trolling ''dodger" widely used in salmon trolling. It looks like a "'dodger"' might look if one end of the ''dodg- er'' were inserted in a ball and a vertical fin was then attached to the top side of the "'dodger.'') Both the vertical and the horizon- tal finhave sets of holes. Trolling depth can be varied by fastening the line in different holes of the vertical fin of the paravane, by the speed of the boat, by the length of line, and by the size and weight of the bait. Later- al control is provided by the horizontal fin. The surfing paravane signals a bite by sur- facing, unless a heavy bait is used. There are 3 models of the paravane. Model No. 43 is for small fish such as mack- erel and trout. Model Nos. 50 and 60 are for large fish such as salmon, kingfish, barra- cuda, dolphin, and tuna. Using model No. 60, a fisherman can troll to a depth of 90 feet. A greater depth can be reached by using 2 model No. 60's. (World Fisheries Abstracts, April-June 1962; Australia's Fisheries News- letter, November 1961. Taiwan FISHERY LANDINGS UP IN 1962: Taiwan's fishery landings in the first 6 months of 1962 were estimated at 166,400 metric tons, a 10.5-percent increase from the first half of 1961. The growth of Taiwan's fishing fleet is largely responsible for the in- creased landings during the past few years, as well as the Government's efforts to mod- ernize and expand the fishing industry. Two 550-ton tuna vessels constructed in Japan were delivered to a Taiwan fishery firm ear- ly in 1962, and 12 additional tuna vessels of 145-ton capacity, which were being construct- ed locally with United States aid funds, were due for delivery in September. The Tawain Government's success in ex- panding its fishing industry apparently has exceeded the consumption capacity of the lo- cal fishery marketing and processing indus- September 1962 Taiwan (Contd.): tries. During June 1962, a total of 17 private fishing companies petitioned the Taiwan Fish- eries Bureau to take action to relieve the off- shore fishing industry from overexpansion and overproduction, both of which had con- tributed to a drop in the market price of fish. During the second quarter of 1962, the aver- age wholesale price of fish dropped by about 30 percent as compared with the correspond- ing period in 1961. The Taiwan Fisheries Bureau was then somewhat inclined to dis- count the complaint of the fishing industry but an industry-wide conference was planned for July to review the industry's problems. The possibility of placing a limitation on the number of operating trawlers, finding new fishing grounds, improving the method of fish handling and marketing, reducing oper- ating costs of the fishing industry, and ex- panding the fish processing industry were items up for discussion at the meeting. The problems were considered domestic primar- ily, and were not believed to affect Taiwan's deep-sea fishing industry. The Taiwan Government also held a fish products processing seminar to discuss pro- motion of export sales of frozen fish. In June, the Kaohsiung Fisheries Association in Taiwan contracted to supply 30 tons of frozen dolphin and 80 tons of frozen tuna to Japan at about US$300 a ton f.o.b. Taiwan. It was believed that this fish would be re- exported to the United States. There were some reports that Japanese firms were anxious to sign long-term contracts for the supply of frozen tuna to Japan. The Taiwan Fisheries Bureau stated it was more inter- ested in finding direct outlets in the United States, or other markets instead of to Ja- pan. (United States Embassy, Taipei, re- port of July 31, 1962.) U.S.S.R. FISHING FLEET ON GEORGES BANK, JUNE 1962: During the third week in June 1962, the Soviet fishing fleet on Georges Bank in the North Atlantic numbered 169 vessels. The fleet consisted of 164 trawlers and gill-net- ters, a seagoing repair tug, and 4 mother- ships. This is approximately the same num- ber of Soviet vessels as were in the area in COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 105 Russian drifter (gill-netter) fishing on the "Northern Edge" of Georges Bank. late May. Herring was the major species being taken. (Unpublished sources.) SRE ENC HENCE FISHING IN GULF OF ALASKA, JUNE-JULY 1962: In a period of six weeks beginning in mid- June 1962, the Soviet fleet in the Gulf of Alas- ka increased to 107 vessels, consisting of 89 trawlers, 8 freezer ships, and 7 support ves- Russian king crab factoryship ndrey Zakharov, operating in Ber- ing Sea, July 5, 1961. sels, such as tugs, tankers, and cargo ships. The fleet, using midwater trawls, was catch- ing mostly Pacific ocean perch and some sablefish. No halibut or other bottom fish were reported taken. The fleet was gradual- ly moving eastward and was last reported late in July in the vicinity of Chirikof Island. (Unpublished sources.) United Kingdom BRITISH FISHERIES TRENDS, 1961: Landings: Whitefish landings by Britishand foreign vessels in the calendar year 1961 amounted to 780,022 metric tons, down 3.1 percent from landings in 1960. But the ex-vessel value of those landings in 1961 was slightly above that of the larger catch one year earlier. 106 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW United Kingdom (Contd.): Great Britain's White Fish Landings, 1961-60 Ex-Vessel Value ee ess a Million L Million US$ 780, 022 61.3 171.6 805 028 60. Z. 170. Ou A drop of 5.3 percent in white fish landings by British vessels was partly offset by an increase of 10.3 per- cent in white fish landings by foreign vessels. The decline in landings by British vessels in 1961 was mainly due to reduced rates of catch on almost all fishing grounds by near- and middle-water trawlers. Landings by that fleet in 1961 were down 13 percent even though the fleet increased. A total of 70 new ves- sels came into service and 58 were scrapped that year. At the end of 1961 there were 514 trawlers in the fleet as against 502 at the end of 1960, The fall in the rates of catch by near- and middle-water trawlers was most severe for English and Welsh trawlers, but it created a serious operating problem for all owners. Fig. 1 - Distant-water trawler getting ready to dock at Grimsby, England. Landings by the British distant-water fleet in 1961 of 359,500 tons were down slightly from the previous year. Landings by the distant-water fleet were sus- tained by an increase in fishing by grant-aided trawl- ers. The rate of catch fell in all of the main distant- water fishing areas except Bear Island. The decline in the rate of catch was partly due to increased fishing by the less powerful grant-aided trawlers. The aver- age value of the distant-water catch in 1961 was 65s, 4d. per hundredweight of 112 pounds (8.17 U.S. cents a pound) as compared to the average value in 1960 of 62s. 7d. per hundredweight (7.82 cents a pound). The quantity not sold at or above the minimum price and used for fish meal was just less than 6,000 tons in1961 as compared with 7,000 tons in 1960. The number of vessels in the distant-water fleet at the end of 1961 was 228, one less than at the end of 1960. Five new Diesel-powered vessel (including a stern trawler de- signed to freeze part of her catch at sea) came into service in 1961. In 1961, British yards had ten vessels under construction for the distant-water fleet, includ- Fig. 2 - Wharf buildings and locks leading to inner harbor, Grimsby, England. Vol. 24, No. 9 ing one stern trawler designed to freeze her entire catch at sea. The number of Scottish seiners fell by 56 during 1961, but the fleet accounted for 45 percent of Scottish landings. There was a small increase in the number of English seiners, but their catch declined slightly in comparison with the previous year. The inshore catch (excluding shellfish) in 1961 was down about 1 percent in quantity and 1.5 percent in val- ue from the previous year. Landings in Northern Ire- land recovered from the previous year's low level. Shellfish landings again showed an increase in value-- from $2,078,739 ($5,820,469) in 1960 to £.2,376,918 ($6,655,370) in 1961, due mainly to an increase in the catch of lobsters and Norway lobsters in Scotland. Aid For Fishing Industry: The White Fish Authority for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1962, showed a deficit of £17,578 (US$49,218) and the accumulated sur- plus of the Authority's funds was reduced to £187,183 ($524,112), This was revealed in the annual report of the White Fish Authority which was published in July 1962. The deficit was mainly due to increased outlays for research. The report stated that for the current year the deficit is likely to be £100,000 ($280,000) due largely to the cost of additional research. For this reason initial steps were taken to raise the general tax from 3d. per stone (4.16 U. S. cents for 100 pounds) to ld. per stone (8.33 U. S. cents for 100 pounds). The net amount outstanding as of March 31, 1962, on loans made by the Authority for new vessels, motors, nets and gear, improvements, and processing plants was over £,22.0 million ($61.6 million), Past due loans became a problem for the first time during 1961. The amount in arrears reached £417,467 (US$1,168,908) on May 14, 1962, and placed a heavy burden on the Author- ity's funds. But it was still possible to meet the half- yearly repayment of £1.4 million ($3.9 million) to the Treasury on April 30. The Authority applied a policy of restraint in1961/62 in approving assistance for building new near- and mid- dle-water vessels. Grants and loans were approved for only six trawlers and one large vessel. From the be- ginning of the program in 1953 through March 31, 1962, the Authority had assisted 356 near- and middle-water vessels. Total assistance to the near- and middle-wa- ter fleet had amounted to almost $33.5 million ($93.8 million): over £9.5 million ($26.6 million) in grants and almost £24.0 million ($67.2 million) in loans. Only 29 coal-burners were left in the fishing fleet at the end of March 1962, as compared with 87 ayear ear- lier. When the coal-burners have all been scrapped and the vessels now being built have come into service, the size of the near- and middle-water fleet will be two- thirds of the total at the end of 1953. The Authority examined applications for building new inshore vessels in 1961/62 more rigorously than when modernization was less advanced. In the case of seiners emphasis was on replacement. Only 52 grants for in- shore vessels were approved in 1961/62 as compared with 73 in the previous year. Approvals for new motors in 1961/62 amounted to 45, about the same as in the previous year. Through March 31, 1962, the Authority had approved 819 grants for new inshore vessels and 507 grants for new motors. Financial assistance had amounted to over £7.5 million ($21:0 million): about #£2,5 million ($7.0 million) in grants and $5.0 million ($14.0 million) in loans. September 1962 United Kingdom (Contd.): In accordance with the broad policy set out in the Government's White Paper on the fishing industry, issued in August 1961, the Ministers have informed the Authority of the arrangements which they desire should be adopted in administering grants for newtrawl- ers of 80 feet and over under the scheme to be pre- sented to Parliament under the Sea Fish Industry Bill. The trawler owners organizations and the Authority were consulted on and concurred in the arrangements. The arrangements provide that new grant-aided trawlers should genuinely displace older vessels (i.e. pre-war distant-water vessels and near- and middle- water trawlers built without grant) roughly on the basis of one new ton for every two old tons. The Authority should satisfy themselves that the old tonnage was scrapped. Some limited relaxations could be made at the Authority's discretion in respect to small compa- nies, genuine newcomers to the industry, and in certain exceptional circumstances. The Minsters considered that a total provision of £2.0 million ($5.6 million) for grants for trawlers should be adequate for the period up to the end of 1965. Loans--of up to 60 percent of a trawler's cost--should be made only to applicants who satisfied the Authority that they could not borrow on the open market at reasonable rates of interest. The trend towards greater concentration of owner- ship of trawlers in England and Wales continued in1961. Six companies, or groups of companies, now own 60 percent of the fleet. In Scotland also, the number of owners fell. At Aberdeen at the end of 1961, a total of 51 owners controlled 129 vessels, compared with 62 owning 122 vessels a year earlier. Marketing and Distribution: The Authority's report records the steps taken on the Fleck Committee's rec- ommendation "that a deliberate and concentrated at- tempt should be made to raise the average quality of fish by improved handling methods.'' The recommen- dation was endorsed in the Government's White Paper of August 1961. The terms of a resolution adopted by a conference convened by the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research at Hull in November showed that the need to raise standards was widely recognized in the industry. A series of discussions on the matter are being arranged jointly by the Fisheries Depart- ments and the Authority. The first, which was held in April 1962, was with representatives of the trawler owners, distributors, and quick-freezers. Meetings with other interests concerned have been planned. In the course of the year, the Authority discussed with representatives of distributors! organizations some proposals on fish boxes put forward originally by the National Federation of Fish Friers. There was general agreement that regulations should be made prohibiting, first, the use of any box for fish if it had previously been used for another commodity and, sec- ondly, the use of returnable boxes for quantities of more than two stones (28 pounds) of fish. The matter, including the question of enforcement, is now being examined in detail. The assembly of the equipment for the pilot project for mechanizing the unloading and handling of fish at Grimsby was completed in 1961. It was tried in sec- tions at experimental landings. Progress was delayed for several weeks through the strike in the spring. The results are promising, but certain problems and modifications require further study. While the equip- ment on trial is providing useful experience, it is COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 107 oe ee ie j ae \ Fig. 3 - At Grimsby, after unloading from the trawler in wicker baskets, fish is transferred to aluminum trays for display to buyers. Auction begins at 7:30 a.m. cumbersome and difficult to maneuver and is not the ultimate answer. But the traditional method of unload- ing is clearly wasteful and gives no ground for com- placency. The committee for Scotland and Northern Ireland has continued consultations with the advisory panel on the Highlands and Islands on the development of the shellfish industry, particularly crab fishing. The Authority's publicity appropriation for 1961/62 remained at the previous year's figure of £75,000 ($210,000). While the broad divisions of expenditure were much the same--advertising in evening newspapers throughout the country, the merchandising service a- mong fish-mongers and fish friers, and educational work--the general theme of the campaign was revised to take account of the findings of the consumer survey conducted in 1960. According to returns submitted to the Authority, British production of frozen processed fishery products rose in 1961 by 7.1 percent to 56,157 tons, a smaller advance than in the previous, year; about 30,000 tons were in bulk or institutional packs and 26,000 tons were in consumer packs. This production represented a usage of 16.3 percent of total white fish landings. Home market sales rose by 8.8 percent, again a smaller in- crease than in 1960. The pilchard catch of 2,669 tons showed a further decline in 1961 of nearly 10 percent. Domestic produc- tion of canned pilchards fell by over 15 percent and imports from South and South-West Africa dropped by about 83 percent. British production of white fish meal fell slightly in 1961 to 71,100 tons, due to a further drop in supplies of raw materials. But imports showed an increase of 38 percent, mainly from Norway, Denmark, South Africa, Peru, and Iceland. Prices were on the average slightly lower. Research: The Advisory Group on Experimental Fisheries Work, which was set up by the Fishery Min- isters last year to consider what grant-aided experi- mental work should be done to help the fishing industry to adapt itself to the conditions it would have to face over the coming years, submitted their first report to the Ministers in the fall of 1961. The Authority has started working on the following recommendations of the Advisory Group. 1. Design of new vessels: It was recommended that the best method of assistance was for grants to be giv- 108 United Kingdom (Contd.): en in suitable cases for building experimental vessels on condition that full information was made available for the industry. A grant for a Diesel-electric trawler designed to freeze her whole catch at sea has been made, and the Authority is keeping the need for other prototype freezer vessels under review. 2. Conversion of existing conventional trawlers: The Authority is commissioning a design study, as recommended by the Group, of the reengining of a dis- tant-water steam trawler, preferably with Diesel-elec- tric machinery, and the installation of a freezing plant. Further studies of conversion to part-freezing of dis- tant-water and middle-water motor trawlers will be considered, 3. Development of trawler-freezing plants: The Authority has approached a number of firms about the possibility of developing a compact and lighter com- pressor with other features advantageous to refriger- ating work in trawlers. Progress on research into trawling gear was made during the year. Modifications and improvements of the Granton trawl as used by distant-water vessels have been tested by the Fisheries Departments! re- search vessels Ernest Holt and Explorer, and other trials are planned. Complementary studies on fish be- havior have been carried out in the Marine Laborator - Fig. 4 - Girls candling ocean perch fillets at a Grimsby frozen fish plant. meetings between the Government scientists con- cerned with this work and the team working on the gear design. The survey work by the near-water trawler Made- line continued during the year, though it was severely restricted during the winter months by exceptionally rough weather. Among the different kinds of gear be- ing tried is the latest type of French purse-seine net. The Authority has asked the Department of Scien- tific and Industrial Research to inquire into the feasi- bility of icing and freezing pilchards for subsequent processing as well as the suitability for processing of pilchards caught during certain months of the year. The Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland has given permission to a commercial proc- essing concern to undertake exploratory trawling for shrimp in the upper reaches of the Firth of Forth and in the region of Largo Bay. Samples from the fishing are being examined by the Department's marine labo- ratory at Torry. Approval was given in August 1961 to a request from the Aberdeen Fishing Vessel Owners! Associa- tion for financial assistance towards the cost of trials COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 9 with French gear by two Aberdeen trawlers. The trials established, briefly, that this gear was more ef- fective in catching round fish than flat fish and pro- duced higher catches of superior-quality haddock than the Aberdeen gear when fished during daylight. How- ever, the apparent potential of the gear needs further confirmation. Approval has been given for an extension of the trials with the object of securing improvements and obtaining information on the gear's performance in deeper water than normally fished by Scottish trawlers. The Authority's expenditure of £29,506 ($82,617) on maintenance grants to fishermen and new entrants at- tending training was somewhat lower than the previous year's total of £31,184 ($87,315) due to a decline inthe number of trainees. On the other hand, Fleetwood be- gan courses for new entrants which attracted a satis- factory enrollment. At Aberdeen, progress was made in the comprehensive course for Diesel engineers and in the prevocational courses. The number of trainees receiving grants was 745 (460 on upgrading courses, 43 on Diesel engineers! courses, and 242 on new entrant courses). Ten training courses were organized by the Author- ity for retail distributors, in cooperation with local trade associations and education authorities. Courses for fishmongers were arranged at Leeds, Manchester, Bristol, Birmingham, Dagenham, and Woolwich. Courses for fish friers were held at Leeds, Chester, Bristol, and Southampton. With the exception of the two courses in the London area, the numbers enrolling were good. More courses are being planned for the coming autumn and winter. (Fish Trades Gazette, July i962), Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, February 1962 p. 96. se le she ste SORES CER BRITISH FISHERMEN NEED NEW FISHING GROUNDS: Danish, Faroese, Norwegian, and Iceland- ic extensions of their national fishing limits or boundaries threaten to drive Britain's high- seas trawlers to such distant waters as the Antarctic or tropical areas of Southwest Af- rica, according to anews item inthe London Financial Times of July 12, 1962, In the future, British fishermen may have to cruise south of the Equator to sustain their present catch level. The trend towards ex- tending national fishing limits to 12 miles could, within 10 years, deprive British trawl- ers of almost 9,000 square miles of fishing grounds now fished by them. The loss of such traditional fishing grounds may reduce the present British trawler catch by about 30 per- cent. According to the London newspaper, the most promising undeveloped trawling grounds are located in waters off Southwest Africa and the Antarctic. Russian trawlers are now conducting exploratory fishing off Southwest Africa. So far British exploratory trawling September 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 109 United Kingdom (Contd.): has been limited to the Farm area west of Ireland, the Dohrn Bank off Greenland, and the Grand Banks off Newfoundland. (Ber- lingske Tidende, Copenhagen, July 13, 1962, as translated by the Fisheries Attache, Unit- ed States Embassy, Copenhagen.) kk ok ok Ok BRITISH SUGGEST USING HELICOPTER FOR OCEAN TRAWLING: Four aircraft designers in Yorkshire, England, have drawn designs for adapting a helicopter to ocean trawling. The designs envision a craft with a dead weight of about 400 tons that could fly 9 feet above the wa- ter. It would travel at a speed of up to 100 miles per hour on the way to and from fish- ing grounds, and have a range of 3,500 miles. It would cost anestimated bl million (US$2.8 million) to build. The designers emphasize the advantages of fishng from the air. (The South African Shipping News and Fishing Industry Review, May 1962.) ste ot sk ok ok Sipe sitios paste FISHERY LOANS INTEREST RATES REVISED: The British White Fish Authority an- nounced that, as a result of a change in the rates of interest charged to them by the Treasury, their own rates of interest on loans made as from June 16 will be as fol- lows: Fishing vessels of not more than 140 feet, new engines, nets and Bea on loans for not sau than five years, 53 percent, de- crease + percent; on loans for more than five years, but not TNO than 10 years, 52 percent, decrease } g percent; on loans for more than 10 years, but not eee than 15 years, 62 percent, decrease + percent; on loans for more than 15 years, but not more than 20 years, 6f percent, no change. Processing plants: on loans for not more than 15 years, 73 percent, no change; on loans for more then 15 years, but not more than 20 years, 73 percent, no change. The rates on loans made before June 16 are unchanged. The White Fish Authority announced dur- ing the week ending July 21 the following ad- ditional changes in rates of interest on loans made as from July 14: Fishing vessels of not more than 140 feet, new engines, nets and gear: on loans for more than 10 years, but not more than 15 years, 63 percent, decrease 2 = percent; on loans for more wise 15 years, but not more than 20 years, 62 percent, decrease ¢ percent. All other rates were unchanged. (Fish Trades Gazette, June 23 and July 21, 1962.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1962 p. 64. Rook OK ok ok NEW SUBSIDY RATES: Five plans introducing new rates for sub- sidies and grants for vessels in the white fish and herring industries were laid before Parliament on July 4, 1962, by the British Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries and the Secretary of State for Scotland. Theplans were developed under the Sea Fish Industry Act of 1962 which received the Royal assent on July 3, 1962. White Fish Subsidy (United Kingdom) Scheme, 1962: Provides for both basic and special rates for vessels of 80 feet or more in length. Also provides for changes in the rates for vessels under 80 feet. The new rates, except where otherwise stated, apply for the 12 months ending July 31, 1963. Dis- tant-water vessels and near-middle water vessels will receive subsidy payments for each day at sea. Inshore vessel subsidies will be based on landings. The rates for distant- andnear-middle wa- ter vessels are as follows: Type of Vessel Payment Per Day at Sea L US$ “nore in e in length, other than coal- burners: Vessels between 80 and 110 feet . Vessels between 110 and 140 feet . Vessels 140 feet and over ,~...-. Special rates for vessels 80 feet or more in length: Coal-burners: Vessels between 80 and 140 feet Vessels 140 feet andover .. Oil-bumers built before Aug. 1, 1952 Vessels between 80 and 120 feet Vessels between 120 and 140 feet: (a) which spent at least 30 percen of their days at sea in 1960 or 1961 fishing grounds in the vicinity of the Faroes: Between Aug. 1, 1962 and Dec. 31, 1962 14.00 (Continued on next page) 110 United Kingdom (Contd.): Type of Vessel (Contd. 15 US$ Between Jan. 1, 1963 and July 31) 1963) 2 26. « Qil-burners built after July and motor vessels: Vessels between 80 and 90 feet ordi- narily fishing from Aberdeen, Lowe- stoft, or Fleetwood Vessels between 90 and 100 feet or- dinarily fishing from Aberdeen . . Vessels between 100 and 110 feet ordinarily fishing from Aberdeen, Granton, North Shields, Hartlepools, Milford Haven, or Fleetwood... Vessels between 110 and 120 feet or- dinarily fishing from Aberdeen, Granton, North Shields, Grimsby, or Lowestoft: (a) which spent at least 30 percent of their days at sea in 1960 or 1961 fishing grounds in the vicinity of the Faroes Between Aug. 1, 1962 and Decse3i) 1962huct alewene Between Jan. 1, and July 31, 1963 .... b) Other vessels!. .-. ++ e+e essels between 120 and 130 feet or- dinarily fishing from Aberdeen, North Shields, Grimsby or Lowestoft Between Aug. 1, 1962 and Dec. SUL IOLeaieite Matron ellen ianier vets Vessels between 130 and 140 feet or- dinarily fishing from Grimsby Between Aug. 1, 1962 and Dec. 31) 1962). ws aes ae eo ee Rates for vessels under 80 feet in length: Vessels between 60 feet registered and 70 feet over-all length 1/...... Vessels over 70 feet over-all, butunder 80 feet registered length 2#/.... 1/Includes seine -net vessels of any length up to 70 feet over-all which normally make voyages of more than 7 days. 2/Includes seine-net vessels which meet the length requirement and which normally make voyages of more than 7 days. -60 -60 31, 1952, The subsidy rates for other vessels under 60 feet are based on landings. The rates are: 1s. 3d. per stone ($1.25 for 100 pounds) for whole gutted fish and certain ungutted fish; 10d. per stone (83 U. S. cents for 100 pounds) for sprats and white bait; and 1s. 1d. per stone ($1.08 per 100 pounds) for other whole ungutted fish. Herring Subsidy (United Kingdom) Scheme, 1962: Provides for some changes in subsidy rates on herring. The new rates apply for the 12 months ending August 31, 1963. The rates for vessels over 40 feet are as follows: Payment Per | Percentage Change Retain from Old Rate otor vessels between 40 and'60feet is suis sis ses anduSOhfeetiverete: citetie lems Motor vessels over 80 feet and all steam vessels... COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 9 The herring subsidy rate for vessels un- der 40 feet are based on landings and have been increased to 6d. per stone (50.0 U. S. cents for 100 pounds). This is an increase of 23d. per stone (20.8 U. S. cents for 100 pounds) over the old rate. White Fish and Herring Subsidies (Ag- gregate Amount of Caants) Order, 1365-"In- creases from 25.25 million($70.7 million) to £30.25 ($84.7 million) the aggregate a- mount of grants available towards the cost of the white fish and herring subsidies. The White Fish Industry (Grants for Fish- ing Vessels and Engines) Scheme, 1962: Re- vokes the White Fish Industry (Grants for Fishing Vessels and Engines) Scheme, 1955, and provides for the payment of grants of 30 percent of the cost, up to a maximum of £13,000 ($36,400), for new vessels under 80 feet; 30 percent of the cost, up toa max- imum of £2,500 ($7,000), for new motors for such vessels; and 25 percent of the cost, up to a maximum of £50,000 ($140,000) for new vessels of 80 feet or over. Grants for new vessels may in certain circumstances be repayable during a period of ten years and grants for new motors dur- ing a period of five years. Unlike previous schemes this scheme imposes no restric- tions on voyages to distant waters by grant- aided vessels and does not require the ves- sels or engines to be built in the United Kingdom. The Herring Industr (Grants for Fishing Vessels and Engines) Scheme, 1962: Re- vokes the Herring Industry (Grants for Fish- ing Vessels and Engines) Scheme, 1955, and provides for grants for new herring vessels and motors similar to those provided for white fish vessels and motors under the White Fish Industry (Grants for Fishing Ves- sels and Engines) Scheme, 1962. All of the Schemes, with the exception of the White Fish and Herring Subsidies (Ag- gregate Amount of Grants) Order, 1962, re- quire the approval of both Houses of Parlia- ment. The excepted Scheme only requires the approval of the House of Commons. (Fish Trades Gazette, July 7, 1962, and The Fish- ing News, July 13, 1962.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, February 1962 p. 96. September 1962 Viet-Nam TWO NEW TRAWLERS ADDED TO FISHING FLEET: Two new trawlers arrived in Saigon in the summer of 1962 to add to Viet-Nam's small fishing fleet. The two trawlers were built in Japan and imported under the com- mercial import program of the U. 8S. Agency for International Development (AID). The vessels were purchased when the limited world-wide procurement policy of AID did not apply. Each vessel has icing facilities and can carry 50 tons of fresh fish. According to officials of the Directorate of Fisheries, only two of Viet-Nam's fleet of six trawlers were operating in the summer of 1962. Four vessels were undergoing re- pairs. Cambodia seized and held two addi- tional Viet-Nam trawlers in 1961. Cambodia said the vessels were operating in their ter- ritorial waters. (United States Embassy, Saigon, August 2, 1962.) Pye ee Yugoslavia CANNED FISH PACK UP IN 1961: Yugoslavia's canned fish pack (all species) increased steadily each year from 7,530 met- ric tons in 1956 to 19,997 tons in 1961. The 1957 pack of canned fish increased 40 percent COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW from the previous year. In 1958, the pack was 14.2 percent higher, in 1959 theincrease was 3.8 percent, and in 1960 it was 32.3 per- cent more than the previous year. Women at a Yugoslav cannery preparing fish for cooking in wire baskets prior to canning operation. The canned fish industry in Yugoslavia packs some amount of tuna. Some oftheraw fish is Japanese frozen tuna. Although the 1961 canned fish pack increased 20.8 percent from the 16,545 tons packed in 1960, the amount of tunacanned that year maynot have increased appreciably. Deliveries of Japa- nese frozen tuna to Yugoslavia were lower in 1961 because of Japan's commitments to other countries. PRESERVATION OF SOME MARINE FORMS Screw-top jars containing a formalin solution should be at hand when col- lecting. Also, jars should be labelled immediately after collecting. A 10% for- malin solution (10 parts formalin+90 parts water) will take care of most forms. Although for more fragile forms a5% solution (5 parts formalin + 95 parts water) shouldbe used. Borax should also be added. If the animal is to be dried, first preserve in 70% alcohol (70 parts alcohol - 30 parts water) with some small amount of conosive sublimate (mercuric chloride) which will permeate the animal and prevent insects from touching him. Also, if the specimen has dried out and you wish to restore the original form, place it ina solution containing one gram of tri-sodium phosphate in one liter of water. If it had been preserved in alcohol, the original shape will be restored. After the original shape returns, transfer it to 70% alcohol. (Sea Secrets, The Marine Laboratory, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Fla.) 112 tidbit Sil he Pas F Department of the Interior FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVISION OF FISHERIES LOAN FUND PROCEDURES: The proposed revision of Part 250--Fish- eries Loan Fund Procedures, published in the May 11, 1962, Federal Register, was a- dopted with minor editorial changes, andwas promulgated in the Federal Register of July 19, 1962. The revision was effective at the beginning of the 30th calendar day following the date of publication in the Federal Regis- ter. Interested parties were given 30 days in which to submit written comments, sug- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW DERAL ? Vol. 24, No. 9 Zo y Z pars gestions, or objections to the proposed changes. Two suggestions were received, and were considered in connection with the proposed changes. The purpose of the revision is to provide for procedural changes necessitated by trans- fer of certain acts formerly performed by the Small Business Administration to the Department of the Interior, to clarify the meaning of several sections, and to provide published standards that insurance under - writers furnishing insurance on property serving as collateral for a fisheries loan must meet, The revised procedures as published in the July 19, 1962, Federal Register follow: Title 50—WILDLIFE AND FISHERIES Chapter Il—Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior SUBCHAPTER F—AID TO FISHERIES PART 250—FISHERIES LOAN FUND PROCEDURES Revision of Procedures On page 4517 of the FEDERAL REGISTER of May 11, 1962, there was published a notice and text of a proposed revision of Part 250. The purpose of the revision is to provide for procedural changes ne- cessitated by transfer of certain acts formerly performed by the Small Busi- ness Administration to the Department of the Interior, to clarify the meaning of several sections, and to provide pub- lished standards that insurance under- writers furnishing insurahce on property serving as collateral for a fisheries loan must meet. Due to the numerous changes being proposed, the procedures will be more readily understood if the entire part is revised. Interested persons were given 30 days within which to submit written com- ments, suggestions, or objections with respect to the proposed revision. Two suggestions were received and have been considered in connection with the pro- posed revision. The proposed revision is hereby adopted with minor editorial changes and is set forth below. This re- vision shall become effective at the be- ginning of the 30th calendar day follow- ing the date of this publication in the FEDERAL REGISTER. Part 250 is revised to read as follows: Sec. 250.1 Definition of terms. 250.2 Purposes of loan fund. 250.3 Interpretation of loan authorization. 250.4 Qualified loan applicants. 250.5 Basic limitations. 250.6 Applications. 250.7‘ Processing of loan applications. 250.8 Approval of loans. 250.9 Interest. 250.10 Maturity. 250.11 Security. 250.12 Books, records, and reports. 250.13 Insurance required. 250.14 Penalties on default. AUTHORITY: §§ 250.1 to 250.14 issued under sec. 4, 70 Stat. 1121; 16 U.S.C. 742c. § 250.1 Definition of terms. For the purposes of this part, the fol- lowing terms shall be construed, respec- tively, to mean and to include: (a) Secretary. The Secretary of the Interior or his authorized representative. (b) Person. Individual, association, partnership or corporation, any one or all as the context requires. (c) State. Any State, the Territories and possessions of the United States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia. § 250.2 Purposes of loan fund. The broad objective of the fisheries loan fund created by the Fish and Wild- ‘life Act of 1956 is to provide financial assistance which will aid the commer- cial fishing industry to bring about a general upgrading of the condition of both fishing vessels and fishing sear thereby contributing to more efficient and profitable fishing operations. (a) Under section 4 of the act, the Secretary is authorized, among other things: (1) To make loans for financing and refinancing of operations, maintenance, replacement, repair and equipment of fishing gear and vessels, and for research into the basic problems of fisheries. (2) Subject to the specific limitations in the section, to consent to the modifi- cation, with respect to the rate of inter- est, time of payment of any installment of principal, or security, of any loan con- tract to which he is a party. (b) All financial assistance granted by the Secretary must be for one or more of the purposes set forth in paragraph (a) of this section. § 250.3 Interpretation of loan authoriza- tion. The terms used in the act to describe the purposes for which loans may be granted are construed to be limited to the meanings ascribed in this section. (a) Operation of fishing gear and ves- sels. The words “operation of fishing gear and vessels” mean and include all phases of activity directly associated with the catching of fish and shellfish for commercial purposes, except the con- struction of new vessels. (b) Maintenance of fishing gear and. vessels. The words ‘maintenance of fishing gear and vessels” mean the nor- mal and routine upkeep of all parts of fishing gear and fishing vessels, includ- ing machinery and equipment. (ec) Replacement of fishing gear and vessels. The words “replacement of fishing gear and vessels’ contemplate the purchase of fishing gear or equip- ment, parts, machinery, or other items incident to outfitting for fishing to re- place lost, damaged, worn, obsolete, in- efficient or discarded items of a similar nature, or the purchase or construction of a fishing vessel to operate the same type of fishing gear as a comparable September 1962 vessel which has been lost, destroyed or abandoned or has become obsolete or inefficient. Any vessel lost, destroyed or abandoned more than two years prior to the date of receipt of the application shall not be considered eligible for re- placement. In order to be eligible for replacement an obsolete or inefficient vessel must be permanently removed from commercial fishing, and if sold, must be sold subject to an agreement that it will not reenter the commercial fishery. (d) Repair of fishing gear and vessels. The words “repair of fishing gear and vessels” mean the restoration of any worn or damaged part of fishing gear or fishing vessels to an efficient operating condition. (e) Equipment of fishing gear and vessels. The words ‘equipment of fish- ing gear and vessels’ mean the parts, machinery, or other items incident to outfitting for fishing which are pur- chased for use in fishing operations. (f) Research into the basic problems of fisheries. The words “research into the basic problems of fisheries” mean in- vestigation or experimentation designed to lead to fundamental improvements in the capture or landing of fish conducted as an integral part of vessel or gear operations. § 250.4 Qualified loan applicants. (a) Any person residing or conducting business in any State shall be deemed to be a qualified applicant for financial as- sistance if such person: (1) Owns a commercial fishing vessel of United States registry (if registration is required) used, or to be used, directly in the conduct of fishing operations, irrespective of the type, size, power, or other characteristics of such vessel; (2) Owns any type of commercial fish- ing gear used directly in the catching of fish or shellfish; (3) Owns any property, equipment, or facilities useful in conducting research into the basic problems of fisheries or possesses_ scientific, technological or other skills useful in conducting such research; (4) Is a fishery marketing cooperative engaged in marketing all catches of fish or shellfish by its members pursuant to contractual or other enforceable ar- rangements which empower the co- operative to exercise full control over the conditions of sale of all such catches and disburse the proceeds from all such sales. (b) Applications for financial assist- ance cannot be considered if the loan is to be used for: (1) Any phase of a shore operation. (2) Refinancing existing loans that are not secured by the fishing vessel or gear, or debts which are not maritime liens within the meaning of subsection P of the Ship Mortgage Act of 1920, as amended (46 U.S.C. 971). (3) Refinancing existing mortgages or secured loans on fishing vessels and gear, or debts secured by maritime liens, except in those instances where the Secretary deems such refinancing to be desirable in carrying out the purpose of the Act. (4) G) Effecting any change in owner- ship of a fishing vessel (except for re- placement of a vessel or purchase of the interest of a deceased partner), (ii) re- plenishing working capital used for such purpose or (iii) liquidating a mortgage given for such purpose less than 2 years prior to the date of receipt of the ap- plication. (R) Replacement of fishing gear or vessels where the applicant or applicants owned less than a 20-percent interest in COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW said fishing gear or vessel to be replaced or owned less than 20-percent interest in a‘corporation owning said fishing gear or vessel: Provided, That applications for a replacement loan by an eligible applicant cannot be considered unless and until the remaining owners or shareholders shall agree in writing that they will not apply for a replacement loan on the same fish- ing gear or vessel. (6) Repair of fishing gear or vessels where such fishing gear or vessels are not offered as collateral for the loan by the applicant. (7) Finahcing a new business venture in which the controlling interest is owned by a person or persons who are not cur- rently engaged in commercial fishing. § 250.5 Basic limitations. Applications for financial assistance may be considered only where there is evidence that the credit applied for is not otherwise availakle on reasonable terms (a) from applicant’s bank of ac- count, (b) from the disposal at a fair price of assets not required by the ap- plicant in the conduct of his business or not reasonably necessary to its potential growth, (c) through use of the personal credit*and/or resources of the owner, partners, management, affiliates or prin- cipal stockholders ‘of the applicant, or (d) from other known sources of credit. The financial assistance applied for shall be deemed to be otherwise available on reasonable terms unless it is satisfactorily demonstrated that proof of refusal of the desired credit has been obtained from the applicant’s bank of account: Provided, That if the amount of the loan applied for is in excess of the legal lending limit of the applicant’s bank or in excess of the amount that the bank normally lends to any one borrower, then proof of refusal should be obtained from a correspondent bank or from any other lending institu- tion whose lending capacity is adequate to cover the loan applied for. Proof of refusal of the credit applied for must con- tain the date, amount, and terms re- quested. Bank refusals to advance credit will not be considered the full test of unavailability of credit and, where there is knowledge or reason to believe that credit is otherwise available on reason- able terms from sources other. than such banks, the credit; applied for cannot be granted notwithstanding the receipt of written refusals from such banks. § 250.6 Application. Any person desiring financial assist- ance from the fisheries loan fund shall make application to the Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries, Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior, Washington 25, D.C., on a loan applica- tion form furnished by that Bureau ex- cept that, in the discretion of the Secre- tary, an application made other than by use of the prescribed form may be con- sidered if the application contains in- formation deemed to be sufficient. Such application shall indicate the purposes for which the loan is to be used, the period of the loan, and the security to be offered. § 250.7 Processing of loan applications. If it is determined, on the basis of a preliminary review, that the application is complete and appears to be in con- formity with established rules and proce- dures, a field examination shall be made. Following completion of the field investi- gation the application will be forwarded with an appropriate report to the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Fish and Wild- life Service, Department of the Interior, Washington 25, D.C. ALS § 250.8 Approval of loans. The Secretary will evidence his ap- proval of the lban by issuing a loan au- thorization covering the terms and con- litions for making the loan. Documents executed in connection with a loan shall be in a form approved by the Secretary. Any modification of the terms of a loan following its execution must be agreed to in writing by the borrower and the Secretary. § 250.9 Anterest. The rate of interest on all loans which may be granted is fixed at 5 percent per annum, § 250.10 Maturity. The period of maturity of any loan wHich may be granted shall be deter- mined and fixed according to the circum- stances but in no event shall the date of maturity so fixed exceed a period of 10 years. § 250.11 Security. Loans shall be approved only upon the. furnishing of such security or other rea- sonable assurance of repayment as the Secretary may require. The proposed collateral for a loan must be of such a nature that, when considered with the integrity and ability of the management, and the applicant’s past and prospective earnings, repayment of the loan will be reasonably assured. § 250.12 Books, records, and reports. The Secretary shall have the right to inspect such books and records of the ap- plicant as the Secretary may deem nec- essary. Disbursements on wu loan made under this part shall be made only upon the agreement of the loan applicant to maintain proper books of account and to submit such periodic reports as may be requised by-the Secretary during the pe- riod of the loan. During such period, the books and records of the loan appli- cant shall be made available at all rea- sonable times for inspection by the Secretary. § 250.13 Insurance required. (a) If insurance of any type is re- quired on property under the terms of a loan authorization or mortgage it must be in a form approved by the Secretary and obtained from an underwriter satis- factory to the Secretary and meeting at Jeast one of the following requirements: (1) An underwriter licensed by an in- surance regulatory agency of a State to write the particular form of insurance being written. (2) A foreign insurance company or club operating in the United States that has deposited funds in an amount and manner satisfactory to the Secretary ina bank chartered under the laws of a State or the United States of America, or in a trust fund satisfactory to the Secre- tary, which funds are solely for the pay- ment of insurance claims of United States vessels. (3) A reciprocal or interinsurance ex- change licensed by an insurance regula- tory agency of a State to write the par- ticular form of insurance being written. (4) An insurance pool composed en- tirely of owners and operators of fishing vessels. (b) Any underwriter (including a company, club, or pool) writing such in- surance shall furnish such reasonable financial or operating data as the Secre- tary may require to determine the stand- ing and responsibility of said under- writer. 114 § 250.14 Penalties on default. Unless otherwise provided in the loan documents, failure on the part of a bor- rower to conform to the terms of the loan documents will be deemed grounds upon which the Secretary may cause any one or all of the following steps to be taken: (a) Discontinue any further disburse- ments of funds contemplated by the loan documents. (b) Take possession of any or all col- Jateral given as security and the property purchased with borrowed funds. (c) Prosecute legal action against the borrower. (d) Declare the entire amount of the loan immediately due and payable. (e) Prevent further disbursement of any funds remaining under his control. Stewart L. UDALL, Secretary of the Interior. JULY 12, 1962. Eighty -Seventh Congress (Second Session) Public bills and reso- lutions which may direct- ly or indirectly affect the fisheries and allied in- dustries are reported up- on. Introduction, refer- ral to committees, perti- nent legislative actions by the House and Senate, as well as signature into law or other final dis- position are covered. ANTIDUMPING ACT AMENDMENT: Introduced in the Senate, S. 3606 (Humphrey) on Aug. 3, andS. 3658 (Case) on Aug. 21, 1962, to amend certain provisions of the Antidumping Act, 1921, to provide for greater cer- tainty, speed, and efficiency in the enforcement thereof, and for other purposes; referred to the Committee on Finance. Similar to other bills previously introduced, FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE: The Subcommittee on Health and Safety of the House Committee on Inter- state Commerce, held public hearings on Aug. 8 and9, 1962, on H.R. 9101, 9102, and 9331 (identical bills), to amend clause (3) of section 402(a) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. Amends act so that "no proc- essed seafood product shall be deemed to consist of any such substance or to be otherwise unfit for food because such processed seafood product is derived from whole fish, provided such product is processed under sanitary conditions and after processing is nutritious and in no manner harmful to the health of consumers thereof," Namely, it provides that a processed seafood product can be produced from whole fish and not be considered adulterated. and protect farm income, to reduce costs of farm pro- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 9 grams to the Federal Government's excessive stocks of agricultural commodities, to maintain reasonable and stable prices of agricultural commodities and products to consumers, to provide adequate supplies of agricul- tural commodities for domestic and foreign needs, to conserve natural resources, and for other purposes; in lieu of S. 3225, the Senate version of the same bill. Senator Ellender introduced an amendment on behalf of Senator Fulbright. (Ark.) to H.R. 12391, which amend- ment had been unanimously agreed to by the Senate when it was considering S, 3225, The amendment reads ''Sec. 343. As used in this title (1) the term 'farmers' shall be deemed to include persons who are engaged in, or who, with assistance afforded under this title, intend to engage in, fish farming, and (2) the term 'farming' shall be deemed to include fish farming.'' This is an amend- ment to.a Committee amendment. The Senate agreed to the amendment of the Senator from Ark. A motion to reconsider the amendment was tabled, The Senate on Aug. 22, 1962, passed with Committee amendment (in nature of a substitute) H.R. 12391. Sen- ate insisted on its amendment, asked for conference with House, and appointed conferees. GLOUCESTER HARBOR (MASS.) IMPROVEMENT: S. Rept. 1777, Authorizing Modification of the Project for Gloucester Harbor, Mass. (Report from the Com- mittee on Public Works, United States Senate, 87th Congress, 2nd Session, July 23, 1962, to accompany S. 3544), 7 pp., printed. The Committee reported favor- ably thereon and recommended passage of the bill. Con- tains purpose of the bill, description of project, Com- mittee views, and agency comments. The Senate on Aug. 2, 1962, passed S. 3544, toau- thorize modification of the project for Gloucester Har- bor, Mass. This bill authorizes the deepening of Gloucester Harbor to 20 feet and provides turning and anchorage basins, HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE APPRO- PRIATIONS FY 1963: S. Rept. 1672, Departments of Labor, and Health, Education, and Welfare, and Related Agencies Appropriation Bill, 1963 (June 29, 1962, a re- port from the Committee on Appropriations, to accom- pany H.R. 10904, making appropriations for the Depart- ments of Labor, and Health, Education, and Welfare, and related agencies for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1963, and for other purposes). Included is $959,000 to equip and properly staff the two shellfish laboratories on the East and Gulf Coasts of the United States; also funds for research grants for shellfish technology and marine ecology, shellfish sanitation, water pollution control, and vocational training (including fisheries). The Senate on July 20, 1962, passed H.R. 10904 amended. Senate insisted on its amendments, asked for conference with the House and appointed conferees. Conference was held July 25, 1962, and the report filed July 31, 1962 (H. Rept. 2100), ey Rept. 2100, Departments of Labor, and Health, ucation, and Welfare, and Related Agencies Appro- priation Bill, 1963 (July 31, 1962, a report from the Committee on Conference to accompany H.R. 10904), The Committee on Conference came to agreement and presented their recommendations to their respective Houses. The House on Aug. 1, 1962, adopted the conference report and the Senate on Aug. 2, 1962, also agreed to conference report, thus clearing the bill for the Pres- ident's signature. September 1962 The President on Aug. 14, 1962, signed H.R. 10904, fiscal 1963 appropriations for the Departments of Labo: Labor and Health, Education and Welfare (P. L. 87-582). EXEMPT TRANSPORTATION OF AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY PRODUCTS: The House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce met Aug. 7 through 10, 1962, on H.R. 11583, to exempt certain carriers from minimum rate regulation in the transportation of bulk commodities, agricultural and fishery products, and passengers, and for other purposes. The Com- mittee on Aug. 10, concluded hearings on H.R. 11583, Testimony was given by personnel of various agencies and industry. Hearings adjourned subject to the call of the Chair. The Senate Committee on Commerce, July 27, 1962, concluded hearings on S. 3243, to exempt certain car- riers from minimum rate regulation in the transpor- tation of bulk commodities, agricultural and fishery products, and passengers, and for other purposes. Testimony was heard from various Federal agencies andCongressmen. The hearings were recessed sub- ject to call. The Senate Committee on Aug, 22 and 23, 1962, resumed hearings on 8, 3243. INCOME TAX REVISION IN FAVOR OF FISHER- MEN: The Senate Committee on Finance, inexecutive session, Aug. 3, 1962, ordered favorably reported H.R. 6413, to extend to fishermen the same treatment ac- corded farmers in relation to estimated income tax. The Senate, the same date, received the report (S. Rept. No. 1819) from the Committee. S. Rept. 1819, Declaration of Estimated Income Tax by Fishermen (Report from the Committee on Finance, United States Senate, 87th Congress, 2nd Session, Aug. 3, 1962, to accompany H.R. 6413), 7pp., printed. The Committee reported favorably with amendments and recommended passage of the bill, Contains a summary of House provision, summary of Committee amend- ment, a general explanation of the House provision and Committee amendment, and changes in existing laws. The House bill provides that, for purposes of the es- timated income tax, fishermen are to be accorded the same treatment as is presently available for farmers. The Committee amendment makes the extra 10-per- cent limitation on deduction of charitable contributions (presently available in the case of contributions to a church, school, hospital, or medical research organi- zation) available also in the case of contributions to an organization which normally receives a substantial part of its support from the United States or any State or political subdivision thereof or from direct or in- direct contributions from the general public, organized and operated exclusively to receive, hold, invest, and administer property and to make expenditures to or for the benefit of a State university or college, in- cluding a land-grant college or university. This pro- vision is to apply to taxable years beginning after Dec, 31, 1960. The Senate on Aug, 8, 1962, passed over H.R. 6413. INDIAN FISHING RIGHTS: H.J. Res. 838 (Tollefson) introduced in the House on July 25, 1962, regarding Indian fishing rights; referred to the Committee on Interior and Insular affairs. Similar to other bills previously introduced, Proposes to solve the problem of treaty and non-treaty Indians fishing off the reser- vation in violation of State regulations. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 115 INTERIOR APPROPRIATIONS FY 1963: The House on July 26, 1962, agreed to a conference with the Sen- ate on H.R. 10802, making appropriations for the De- partment of the Interior and related agencies for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1963, and for other purposes. The House appointed the following conferees: Messrs. Kirwan, Magnuson, Cannon, Jensen, and Taber, The conferees met on July 27, 1962. The Senate and the House held a joint conference, in executive session, July 27, 1962, on H.R. 10802. H. Re t ne Department of the Interior and Re- lated Agencies Appropriation Bill, 1962 (Jul ly 27, 1962, a report fron the Committee of Confer rence on H.R. 10802), 11 pp., printed. The Committee of Conference came to agreement and presented their recommenda- tions to the respective Houses. Included are funds for the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, and the Commissioner's Office. The conferees agreed to appropriate to the Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries the following appropria- tions of $15,225,000 for management and investigation of resources instead of $14,600,000 as proposed by the House and $15,981,000 as proposed by the Senate. The increase over the House allowance provides for $325,000 for expanded biological research on shrimp in the Gulf of Mexico; $100,000 for research and develop- ment of shrimp gear; and $200,000 for Atlantic herring research; and appropriations of $8,473,000 for con- struction as proposed by the Senate instead of $7,900,000 as proposed by the House. The increase provides for $413,000 for equipment for the laboratories at Seattle, Wash., and Ann Arbor, Mich., and $160,000 for pur- chase of land and land filling to initiate construction of the Shellfish Research Center at Milford, Conn, Granted to the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife was $27,112,000 for management and investigation of resources, which included $100,000 for technical as- sistance in sport fishing management through cooper - ative programs with Indian tribes; $150,000 for estab- lishing new cooperative fishery units at five institu- tions; $105,000 for increased fish control research in the southeastern United States; $85,000 for increased reservoir research in the White River interstate res- ervoir complex of Arkansas and Missouri; and $25,000 for continuing a fishery management project at Springville, Utah, Construction funds included $125,000 for improvements at the Federal Fish Farm Experiment Station, Kelso, Arkansas; $340,000 for the establishment of a fish genetics facility in Wyoming; and 11 fish hatcheries. Appropriation for the Office of the Commissioner was $364,000. The House on July 30, 1962, received the confer- ence report (H. Rept. No. 2049), on H.R. 10802. The House in a voice vote adopted the conference report and sent the legislation to the Senate. The Senate on Aug, 1, 1962, adopted the conference report (H. Rept. No. 2049) on H.R. 10802, thereby clear- ing the bill for the President's signature. The President, on Aug. 9, 1962, signed H.R. 10802 (P.L. 87-578). INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES ORGANIZATIONS: United States Contributions to International Organiz = tions (Letter from the Acting Secretary of State Trans- mitting the 10th Report on the Extent and Disposition of U.S, Contributions to International Organizations for 116 the Fiscal Year 1961, Pursuant to Section 2 of Public Law 806, 81st Congress), H. Doc. 460, 146 pp., printed. It is the annual report presented to Congress on the United States contributions to International Organiza- tions by the Secretary of State. Included are reports on the following international fisheries organizations: Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission; Interna- tional Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisher - ies; International North Pacific Fisheries Commission; International Whaling Commission; and North Pacific Fur Seal Commission, It also contains a chart showing the estimated contributions from 1946 to 1962. MEDICAL CARE FOR VESSEL PERSONNEL: The Subcommittee on Health and Safety of the House Com- mittee on Interstate Commerce announced that public hearings were held on Aug. 13, 1962, on H.R. 3797, 8029, 10921, and 11920, to provide medical care for certain persons engaged on board a vessel in the care, preservation, or navigation of such vessel. Owner- fishermen and all persons employed as fishermen on board United States registered, enrolled, and licensed commercial fishing vessels could be considered for eligibility for the medical and dental services that are provided for seamen. NATIONAL FISHERIES CENTER AND AQUARIUM: S. Report No. 1782, Authorizin the Administrator of General Services to Construct a National Fisheries United States Senate, 87th Congress, 2nd Session, to accompany H.R. 8181, to authorize the construction of a National Fisheries Center and Aquarium in the Dis- trict of Columbia and to provide for its operation), 15 pp., printed. Committee reported bill favorably, with amendments, and recommended passage. Con- tains purpose of the bill, hearings, amendments, gen- eral statement, committee views, estimated Federal cost, and agency comments. The purpose of the bill as amended is to authorize the Administrator of Gen- eral Services to plan, construct, and maintain a Na- tional Fisheries Center and Aquarium in the District of Columbia or its vicinity, for the display of fresh- water, marine, and shell fish and other aquatic re- sources for educational, recreational, cultural, and scientific purposes. The facility would be operatedby the Secretary of the Interior, who would assign such responsibility to that branch of the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife having as its major activity the rearing and holding of living fish, including the opera- tion of aquariums. A non-partisan advisory board would be established to render advice and to submit recommendations to the Secretary concerning the man- agement and operation of the Center and Aquarium. The cost would not exceed $10 million, and the Sec- retary will establish charges for visits to the Center and Aquarium, and for other uses, at such rates that will produce sufficient revenues to cover an appro- priate share of its annual operation and maintenance costs. NATIONAL FISHERIES PROBLEMS: In the Senate on Aug. 3, 1962, Senators Magnuson, Bartlett, and Smith (Mass.) discussed at length (Congressional Re- cord, Aug. 3, 1962, pp. 14565-14571) national fisheries problems, Attention was called to the decline of our United States fisheries while foreign nations have tak- en action to expand and modernize their own fishing fleets. Sen. Magnuson stated: ''Our own fishing fleets composed of small and ancient ships equipped with long outdated gear are disintegrating." It was further brought out that a few years ago the United States COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 9 commercial fishery catch was exceeded only by Japan. Today we are topped also by Soviet Russia, Communist China, and Peru. Also incorporated in the Record is the speech given by the Assistant Secretary of the In- terior for Fish and Wildlife, Frank P. Briggs, ''Fish- eries in a Changing World,"’ at the Annual Convention of the Oyster Institute of North America in Baltimore, Md., on July 31, 1962. Sen. Bartlett, in introducing an amendment (Congressional Record, Aug. 3, 1962, pp. 14563-65) to the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (H.R. 11970), which would protect the United States fisheries, also discussed national fisheries problems and the fish- ing of foreign nations off our coasts. OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH: The Subcommittee on Oceanography of the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries met Aug. 9, 1962, on H.R. 12601, to provide for a comprehensive, long-range, and coor- dinated national program in oceanography and for other purposes. The Subcommittee ordered reported favor- ably to the full committee H.R. 12601, amended. The House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fish- eries, Aug. 14, 1962, met in executive session and or- dered reported favorably to the House H.R. 12601 a- mended, The House on the same date received the re- port (H. Rept. 2221) from the Committee; referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. H.R, 12601 was passed by the House on Aug, 20. The language of H.R. 12601 then was substituted for S. 901, a similar bill passed by the Senate on July 28, 1961. Then S. 901 was passed by the House on Aug, 20, 1962. It was sent to the Senate for concurrence as amended. Senate received S. 901 (amended) as passed by the House on Aug, 21, 1962. OYSTER BROOD STOCK PURCHASES: The House on July 30, 1962, concurred with the Senate amend- ments to H.R. 7336, to promote the production of oy- sters by propagation of disease-resistant strains, and for other purposes. On Aug. 9, 1962, the President signed H.R. 7336 (P.L. 87-580), The Secretary of the Interior is author- ized to acquire oyster brood disease-resistant stock for transfer to the particular States involved for planting in spawning sanctuaries. Distribution of the resultant seed oysters by the States shall be in accordance with the plans and procedures that are mutually acceptable to the Secretary and the cooperating States. The pur- chase of the stock by the Secretary shall be conditional upon the participating State or States, in eachinstance, paying one-third of the cost of such stock. The Sec- retary is authorized to make grants to the States for the purpose of assisting such States in the financing of research and other activities necessary in the devel- opment and propagation of disease-resistant strains of oysters. A grant shall be made upon agreement by the State to use the proceeds thereof only for the pur- poses specified and to use an additional amount for such purposes from State or other non-Federal sources equal to at least 50 percent of the amount of such grant. Federal Government total appropriation for such grants is $100,000. POTOMAC RIVER COMPACT (MD. & te Ce 1958: H. Rept. 1980, Potomac River Compact (July 17, 1962; report from the Commiitee on the tadiciass, to ac- company H.J. Res. 659), 4 pp., printed. The Committee reported favorably thereon without amendment and rec- ommended that the resolution be passed. Contains the purpose, statements , and agency reports. September 1962 The House on Aug. 6, 1962, passed H. J. Res. 659, granting consent of the Congress to a compact entered into between the State of Maryland and the Common- wealth of Virginia for the creation of the Potomac Riv- er Compact of 1958. Gives Maryland and Virginia per- mission to set up a Potomac River Fisheries Commis- sion. It would regulate through three members from each State the taking of fish and shellfish from the Po- tomac River between the District of Columbia line and Chesapeake Bay. Research, regulation of fisheries, an oyster inspection fee and licensing would be within the power of the new commission. The compact suc- ceeds an obsolete agreement of 1785, which has been disputed by the States. The bill was sent to the Sen- ate. PRICE-QUALITY STABILIZATION: H. J. Res. 832 (Mason) and H. J. Res. 833 (Nelson) introduced in the House on July 25, 1962, ‘to amend the Federal Trade Commission Act, to promote quality and price stabili- zation to define and restrain certain unfair methods of distribution and to confirm, define, and equalize the rights of producers and resellers in the distribution of goods identified by distinguishing brands, names, or trademarks, and for other purposes; referred to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. The Special Fair Trade Subcommittee of the Sen- ate Committee on Commerce, on July 25, 1962, metin executive session and approved for full committee con- sideration with amendments S.J. Res. 159, to promote quality and price stabilization. The Subcommittee on Commerce and Finance of the House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, Aug. 2, 1962, ordered reported favorably to the full committee, H.J. Res. 636. H.J. Res. 857 (MacGregor) introduced in the House on Aug. 16, 1962; referred to the Committee on Inter - state and Foreign Commerce, Similar to other bills previously introduced, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COMMISSION: Create a Commission on Science and Technology (Hearings before the Committee on Government Operations, U- nited States Senate, 87th Congress, 2nd Session, on S. 2771 to provide for the establishment of a Commis- sion on Science and Technology, Part 2, July 24, 1962), 74 pp., printed, Contains information on the hearing, and statements and communications from various Fed- eral agencies and industry personnel. The Senate Committee on Government Operations, Aug. 2, 1962, ordered favorably reported with amend- ments S. 2771 for the establishment of a pagar on Science and Technology. The Senate on Aug. 6, 1962, received the report (S. Rept. No. 1828)onS, 2771. The bill provides for the establishment of a Hoover- type commission composed of representatives from a legislative and executive branches of the Government and of persons from private life who are eminent in one or more fields of science or engineering, or who are qualified and experienced in policy determination and administration of industrial scientific research and technological activities. The objectives of the pro- posed Commission provide for a study of all of the programs, methods, and procedures of the Federal departments and agencies which are operating, con- ducting, and financing scientific programs, with the purpose of bringing about more economy and efficien- cy in the performance of these essential activities and COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW S. 1542. 117 functions. Emphasis has also been directed toward the need for developing a program for the elimination of duplication in science efforts, where one agency of Gov- ernment works on programs which are under way in other agencies, or where research is being done on problems which have already been solved by other sci- entists. The Commission also would be specifically di- rected to study and recommend ways and means of meet- ing our scientific manpower needs. In undertaking its studies the Commission would be vested with authority to set up a Science Advisory Panel of outstanding sci- ence, engineering and technological authorities from all sections of the Nation to assist it in the performance of the functions outlined in the bill. S. Rept. 1828, Establishment of a Commission on Science and Technology (Aug. 6, 1962, Report of the Committee on Government Operations, United States Senate, 87th Congress, 2nd Session, onS. 2771), 54pp., printed. The Committee reported favorably withamend- ments and recommended passage of the bill. Contains an analysis of provisions of the bill, Committee amend- ments, background, and abstracts from hearings on the bill. The Committee amendments, which are of a tech- nical and perfecting nature, were adopted with a view to further clarify the purpose and objectives of the pro- posed legislation. The Senate on Aug. 8, 1962, passed with amendments S. 2771. The bill was sent to the House. The House, Aug. 9, 1962, received from the Senate S. 2771; referred to the Committee on Science and As- tronautics. SPORT FISH RESEARCH: S, 1542 (McGee) intro- duced in the Senate on Apr. 12, 1961, to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to conduct studies of the ge- netics of sport fish and to carry out selective breeding to develop strains with inherent attributes valuable in programs of research, fish hatchery production, and management of recreational fishery resources, Would authorize the Secretary of the Interior to establish fish- ery research laboratories. The Senate Committee on Commerce, on Aug. 7, 1962, reported favorably (S. Rept. No. 1857) on S. 1542 with amendments. S. Rept. 1857, Studies of Genetics of Sport Fishes (Report from the Committee on Commerce, United — States Senate, 87th Congress, 2nd Session, August 7, 1962, to accompany S.1542),5 pp., printed. The Com- mittee reported favorably with amendments and rec- ommended that the bill be passed. Contains purpose of the bill, costs, and agency reports. The Senate on Aug. 9, 1962, passed with amendments Cleared for the House. The House on Aug. 13, 1962, received from the Sen- ate S. 1542; referred to the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. STERN RAMP TRAWLERS: S. 3610 (Magnuson and others) introduced in the Senate on Aug. 3, 1962, to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to construct two modern stern ramp trawlers to be used for research, and for other purposes; referred to the Committee on Commerce. The trawlers (one for the West Coast and one for the East Coast) would have scientific facilities suitable for use as research vessels and for the de- velopment of advanced technology for the production, preparation, processing, and preservation of fishery products, including those from areas distant from 118 ports and'subject to severe climatic difficulties. The vessels would be prototype vessels for United States fisheries fleets of the future. It requires that any dis- posal of fishery products caught and processed must be done with due regard to the possible impact on the domestic fisheries industry and in a manner to avoid adverse effects upon domestic prices or current mar- ket demands. The bill would help our own fisheries industry compete against the massive foreign fishing fleets now operating off our shores. The Interior Sec- retary would have the option of chartering these ves- sels or operating them himself, but charters would be subject to certain conditions and stipulations, Com- panion bills H.R. 12848 (Bates) and H.R, 12928 (Mac- Donald) were introduced in the House on Aug. 9 and 16, 1962, respectively, also H.R. 12959 (Glenn) on Aug. 23; all referred to the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS FY 1963: The House on Aug, 13, 1962, received a communication from the President (H, Doc. No, 514) transmitting pro- posed supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year 1963 for the Judiciary, the District of Columbia, and various agencies of the Executive Branch. Includes funds for the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries in the amount of $500,000 for research and development of processes to produce a concentrated protein from fish. This program is based on the results of a survey of scientific and development work on this subject under way in other countries which were not available when the 1963 budget was presented, Because of the grow- ing need for a low-cost, dietary supplement ofanimal protein in many countries, the potential benefits to the fishing industry, and for the improved conserva- tion of fishery resources, a research and development program should be started at this time. H. Doc. 514, Supplemental Appropriations for the Judiciary, the District of Columbia, and Various Agen- cies of the Executive Branch (Communication from the President of the United States transmitting proposed supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year 1963 in the amounts of $20,000 for the Judiciary and $10,886 for the District of Columbia, proposed supplemental appropriations for the fiscal years 1962 and 1963 in the amount of $595,826,000, and requests for consid- eration of four items transmitted in the 1963 budget for various agencies of the Executive Branch), 87th Congress, 2nd Session, House of Representatives, 19 pp., printed. Included are funds for the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries in the amount of $500,000 for research and development of processes to produce a concentrated protein from fish. TECHNOLOGICAL LABORATORY LAND IN MARY- LAND: The House Subcommittee on Public Lands of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs met in executive session on July 27, 1962, and ordered re- ported favorably to the full committee H.R. 8362, amended, to provide for the conveyance of certain real property of the United States to the State of Mary- land, Property affected is the site of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Technological Laboratory at College Park, Md. TRADE EXPANSION ACT OF 1962: Senator Bart- lett, Aug. 3, 1962, introduced an amendment to the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, H.R, 11970, to promote the general welfare, foreign policy, and security of the United States through international trade agree- ments and through adjustment assistance to domestic COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 9 industry, agriculture, and labor, and for other purposes. The amendment is offered to section 252(b) of chapter 6, title II, that portion of the trade bill which specifies the conditions under which the President can withhold or withdraw from a particular country the benefits of trade concessions given to all countries. The amendment of- fers two additional circumstances under which the Pres- ident may take this action, and it supplements the au- thority given him under the present bill by adding the power to impose import quotas and embargoes, all in- tended to guarantee the preservation of our fishery re- sources, In its present form, section 252(b) permits the Pres ident to suspend or withdraw any trade concession to a nation which engages in an action that burdens or re- stricts United States commerce. With the addition of this amenment, the President can take the same action when another country permits its citizens to engage in fishing activities which will defeat the effort of our States and our Federal Government to conserve our fishery resources or when a foreign governmentallows its nationals to harass or interfere with our fishermen on the high seas while they are engaged in lawfulactiv- ities. With this amendment, the President can not only maintain present tariffs with regard to a specific coun- try, which is engaging in practices which do violence to our conservation efforts, but if appropriate, he can also increase our present tariff, for example, on canned salmon and crab from 15-1/2 percent ad valorem to 25 percent. This can be done without changing tariffs on fresh or frozen salmon and crab which may be consid- ered an important source of supply. This amendment also gives the President flexible powers to adj st im- ports by another action including the use of import quotas or embargoes. Paragraph (c) of section 252 states that the Pres- ident shall provide an opportunity for a hearing and public presentation of views on these problems. Inthe event a foreign country is violating principles of fish- ery and resources conservation, this provision, with the amendment, amply insures that any person shall have adequate opportunity to protest. Senator Javitts, Aug. 7, 1962, submitted to the Sen- ate 8 amendments to H.R. 11970. They were printed in the Congressional Record, Aug. 7, 1962, pp. 14705- 14706, Proposed amendment A would authorize the President to eliminate tariffs on a mutual basis with all fully developed countries or areas of the free world, provided that the most substantial concessions are made on the products of the strongest United States industries. Amendment B provides for the use of authority for the purpose of getting the fully developed nations to share the burden of providing markets for the developing na- tions --a burden which the United States has been car- rying to a large extent alone. Proposed amendment C is designed to facilitate the escalation of international labor standards and to place greater pressure on ex- porting nations to refrain from subsidizing their ex- ports through artificially depressed wages. Amend- ment D would specify infringements of United States patents, copyrights, and registered trademarks as actions unjustifiably restricting United States com- merce and as cause for retaliatory action by the U- nited States. Amendment E would provide for a ter- mination date (June 30, 1974) for the certification of firms and workers eligible for adjustment assistance; would provide for such termination through concurrent resolution of the Congress. Amendment F would re- quire the President to submit a detailed report on ex- September 1962 penditures and commitments under the adjustment as- sistance program, in connection with the annual report on the administration of the entire Trade Expansion Act now required by H.R. 11970. Proposed amendment G would require the Tariff Com Commission to keep up to date and publish at least every 5 years ''Summaries on Tariff Information.'’ Amendment H would establish council advisers, composed of representatives of ma- jor industry, agriculture, and labor groups. Its chair- man would be the special representative for trade ne- gotiations. Congressional delegates to negotiations would be ex officio members of the council. On August 16, 1962, the Senate Committee on Fi- nance concluded hearings on H.R. 11970. Testimony was received from Congressmen, various Federal agencies, end industry personnel, Sen. Pell on Aug. 15, 1962, in the Senate, introduced several amendments to H,R. 11970. One amendment directs the Secretary of Labor to compile a compar- ative real wage index which would contrast the aver- age real wages or earnings--in terms of purchasing power--for a worker in an American industry with the average real wages or earnings for a worker in the same industry in a country with which we would be ne- gotiating an agreement. The second amendment would make grants, in addition to loans, available to firms for the purpose of acquiring and installing new machin- ery, or modernizing or converting existing machinery. An additional amendment concerns a community which has a firm or firms with deep roots in the economical life of that community. This amendment wouldauthor- ize such a community, which suffers serious injury through idling of productive facilities and unemploy- ment resulting from expanded imports, to apply for ad- justment assistance. This would include technical as- sistance and appropriate financial assistance for public facilities which would materially contribute to the eco- nomic adjustment of the particular community. TRANSPORTATION ACT OF 1962: The House Com- mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce met Aug. 7 through 10, 1962, on H.R, 11584, to provide for strengthening and improving the national transporta- tion system, and for other purposes. The House Committee on Aug. 10, 1962, concluded hearings on H.R. 11584. Testimony was given by per- sonnel of various agencies and industry. Hearings ad- journed subject to the call of the Chair. The Senate Committee on Commerce, July 27, 1962, concluded hearings on S, 3242, to provide for strength- ening and improving the national transportation sys- tem, and for other purposes. Testimony has beenheard from various Federal agencies, congressmen, The hearings were recessed subject to call. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW aba) The Senate Committee on Aug, 22 and 23, 1962, re- sumed hearings on S, 3242, to provide for strengthen- ing and improving the national transportation system, and for other purposes. TUNA CONVENTION ACT OF 1950: Conservation of Tropical Tuna (Hearings before the Merchant Ma- rine and Fisheries Subcommittee of the Committee on Commerce, United States Senate, 87th Congress, 2nd Session, on 8. 2568, a bill to amend the act of Septem- ber 7, 1950, to extend the regulatory authority of the Federal and state agencies concerned under the terms of the convention for the establishment of an Inter- American Tropical Tuna Commission, signed at Wash- ington, May 31, 1949, and for other purposes.), 128 pp., printed. Contains hearings held May 23, 24, 1962, on S. 2568; testimonies, letters, and reports from various Federal agencies and industry representatives are in- cluded, VESSEL CONSTRUCTION SUBSIDY AMENDMENTS: 3611 (Magnuson and others) introduced in the Senate, a 3, 1962, to amend the Act of June 12, 1960, for the correction of inequities in the construction of fishing vessels, and for other purposes; referred to the Com- mittee on Commerce. Would extend the provisions of the existing fishing vessel construction differential subsidy law (40 U.S.C. 1401-1413) to fisheries which are unable to obtain a finding of injury caused by in- creased imports; also would increase the limitation on the subsidy paid from 33-1/3 percent on all vessels to 35 percent on wood vessels and 50 percent on metal vessels. Would increase the annual authorization from $2.5 million to $12.5 million and extend the date for the last application for subsidy from June 12, 1963, to July 30, 1972. The following identical House bills were in- troduced: H.R. 12849 (Bates) Aug. 9; H.R. 12927 (Mac- Donald) Aug. 16; H.R. 12960 (Glenn) Aug. 23; and H.R. 12967 (Tollefson) Aug. 23; a 23; all referred to the Committee on Merchant and Fisheries. VESSEL TRANSFER: The House on July 30, 1962, concurred with the Senate amendments to H.R. 3788, to provide for the transfer of the United States vessel A- laska to the Department of Fish and Game of the State of California, The amended bill makes the transfer conditional upon the State of California paying the Fed- eral Government an amount equal to 50 percent of the fair market value of the vessel at the time it was leased by the State of California; it also provides that if the vessel should cease to be used for a public purpose, all right, title, and interest therein shall revert to the U- nited States. The bill was cleared for the President's signature. The President on Aug. 9, 1962, signed H.R. 3788, (P. L. 87-576). 120 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 9 FISHERY INDICATORS OR ERR A a Ai ta CHART | - FISHERY LANDINGS for SELECTED ‘STATES In Millions of Pounds AND RHODE ISLAND LEGENO? 2 NEW JERSEY AND NEW YORK CUMULATIVE DATA ne MAINE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1962 - 247.4 1961 - 154.6 1961 - 518.3 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC ) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC | NORTH CAROLINA, SOUTH CAROLINA, AND GEORGIA 6 MQS. 1962 - 420.1 6 , 1961 - 497.7 2 1961 - 1,147.3 MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC FEB JAN FEB CUMULAT{VE DATA MULATIVE DATA MQS. 1962 WES) CUMULATIVES OAT? 1961 - 91.3 6 MgS. 1962 - 1961 : a 5 6 1961 - 1 1961 - 1 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC OREGON CUMULATIVE DATA WE MQs . 1961 - 29.4 7) 1960 - 25.7 12 1960 - 49,1 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC T/ONLY PARTIAL--INCLUDING PRODUCTION OF MAJOR FISHERIES AND MARKET FISH JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC LANDINGS AT PRINCIPAL PORTS. September 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 121 CHART 2 - LANDINGS for SELECTED FISHERIES In Millions of Pounds HADDOCK (Maine and Massachusetts) CUMULATIVE DATA 7 mgs. 1962 - 75.4 2 oo 1961 - 72.6 12 1961 - 123.3 1/ SHRIMP (Gulf States—' including Florida West Coast) CUMULATIVE DATA 6 MS. 1962 - 49.9 Qe? 5 1961 50.9 12 1961 33.8 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC T/LA. & ALA. DATA BASED ON LANDINGS AT PRINCIPAL PORTS AND ARE NOT COM- OCEAN PERCH (Maine and Massachusetts) CUMULATIVE DATA 7 -MQS. 1962 - 62.5 Zia 1961 - 83.1] 12 1961 - 132.2 WHITING (Maine and Massachusetts) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC SEES In Thousands of Tons MENH/.DEN (East and Gulf Coasts) CUMULATIVE DATA 7 MQS. 1962 - 643.9 a aes 657.4 1961 141.5 A a JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC PACIFIC AND JACK MACKEREL (California) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC In Thousands of Tons PILCHARD (California) CUMULATIVE DATA 1961/62 SEASON, AUG.-FEB. - 22.3 1960 SEASON, AUG.-DEC. - 27.1 LEGEND: ——-= 1961/62 evessees 1950 TUNA AND TUNALIKE FISH CUMULATIVE DATA 7 Ms. 1962 - 86.8 1961 96.2 1961 - 164.9 JAN FEB MAR APR _MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 122 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 9 CHART 3 - COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS and FREEZINGS of FISHERY PRODUCTS * In Millions of Pounds LECEND: U. S, HOLDINGS 102 U. S. FREEZINGS aa 196) CUMULATIVE DATA 7 QS. 1962 - 181 7 , 1961 - 17 12 1961 - 319. JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC NEW ENGLAND HOLDINGS !/ MIDDLE & SOUTH ATLANTIC HOLDINGS2! 0 - JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC U/MAINE, MASSACHUSETTS, RHODE ISLAND, AND CONNECT | CUT 2/ALL EAST COAST STATES FROM N. Y. SOUTH, MIDDLE-WEST HOLDINGS 2/ GULF & SOUTH CENTRAL HOLDINGs2/ 44 40 94 20 0 a oe 2 i a - — JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC Z/OH10, ING., ILL., MICH., WIS., MINN., 1OWA, MO,, N. DAK,, NEBR. & KANS, 4/aLA., MISS., LA., TEX., ARK., KY., & TENN, ASLINGTON, OREGON, AND AL:ASK/. HOLDINGS CALIFORNIA HOLDINGS AN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC * Excludes salted, cured, and smoked products. September 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 123 CHART 4 - RECEIPTS and COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS of FISHERY PRODUCTS at PRINCIPAL DISTRIBUTION CENTERS In Millions of Pounds RECEIPTS 1/ AT WHOLESALE SALT-WATER MARKET / (Fresh and Frozen) COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS2 22 CUMULATIVE DATA 7 MQS. 1962 - 101.6 7 , 1961 - 95.5 12 1961 - 164.8 20 18 16 14 12 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 1/INCLUDE TRUCK AND RAIL IMPORTS FROM CANADA AND DIRECT VESSEL LANDINGS 2/AS REPORTED BY PLANTS IN METROPOLITAN AREA. AT NEW YORK CITY. RECEIPTS AT WHOLESALE MARKET (Fresh and Frozen) COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS CHICAGO CUMULATIVE DATA 7 MgS. 1962 - 43.0 7 4 1961 - 42.9 12 1961 - 78.1 JUAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC BOSTON COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC SEATTLE WHOLESALE MARKET RECEIPTS, LANDINGS, & IMPORTS (Fresh and Frozen) LEGEND: 1962 —_me 1961 FISH OIL (In Millions of Gallons) FISH MEAL (In Thousands of Tons) CUMULATIVE DATA te 1962 - 114.4 6 ae 1961 - 102.5 12 1961 - 311.3 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 124 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 9 CHART 6- CANNED PACKS of SELECTED FISHERY PRODUCTS In Thousands of Standard Cases 1962 - 1961 - 1961 - 10,764 7 mgs. TEER tt) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC ANCHOVIES - CALIFORNIA 1962 - 3.2 1961 - 13.6 1961 - 73.1 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC SARDINES! (Estimated) - MAINE CUMULATIVE DATA 1962 SEASON DEC.-JULY - 890.0 1961 SEASON, JAN.-JULY - 179.0 1961 SEASON, TOTAL - 753.6 SARDINES - CALIFORNIA CUMULATIVE DATA 1961/62 SEASON, AUG. -JAN, 1960 SEASON, AUG. -DEC. - 419,1 - 615.9 0! AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY / MACKEREL SIE CALIFORNIA CUMULATIVE DATA QS. 1962 - 476.4 1961 - 381.6 1961 - 1,378.4 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 3/ INCLUDES PACIFIC MACKEREL AND JACK MACKEREL. SALMON - ALASKA 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC STANDARD CASES Net Wet. 32 oz. No.Cans Designation + drawn Variety SARDINES 5 oz. #43 tuna 6&7 oz. PILCHARDS... SALMON...... ANCHOVIES... # 1 oval 15 1-Ib. tall 16 $-Ib. 8 LEGEND: 1961/62 1960/61 SHRIMP - GULF STATES CUMULATIVE DATA 1961/62 SEASON, AUG. -JULY 1960/61 SEASON, AUG, -JULY - 588.6 - 636.8 0 AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC dread b PR MA TAN FEB MAR A Y_JUNE JULY September 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 125 CHART .7 - U.S. FISHERY PRODUCTS IMPORTS In Millions of Pounds GROUNDFISH (including Ocean Perch) FILLETS SLuENRs Fresh and I 1062 CUMULATIVE DATA eee ees 196) 6 MQS. 1962 - 96.0 6 , 1961 - 94.6 12 1961 - 195.1 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC SHRIMP FROM MEXICO (Fresh and Frozen) CUMULATIVE DATA 6 MQS. 1962 - 33.6 Og 1961 34.4 12 1961 - 79.2 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC tunal! (Fresh and Frozen) CUMULATIVE DATA 6 MS. 1962 - 142.0 O45 1961 - 102.6 12 1961 - 197.1 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 1/ EXCLUDES LOINS AND DISCS, U. S. IMPORTS OF CANNED TUNA AND TUNALIKE FISH (in Oil and in Brine) CUMULATIVE DATA 6 mgs. 1962 - 33.1 5 1961 - 30.4 12 1961 - 69.0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC FILLETS & STEAKS OTHER THAN GROUNDFISH (Fresh and Frozen) CUMULATIVE DATA 6 MQS. 1962 - 35.4 Chi 1961 - 31 fora 12 1961 - 68.7 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC CUMULATIVE DATA 6 MQS . 1962 - 34.1 6 , 1961 - 31.4 12 1961 - 53.9 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC SEA HERRING, FRESH, THROUGH MAINE PORTS CUMULATIVE DATA S mgs. 1962 - 8.3 5 o 1961 - 10.8 12 1961 - 43.6 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC CANNED SARDINES in Oil and not in Oil See L ~w/ CUMULATIVE DATA JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC see £9 6h Seg = FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE PUBLICATIONS THESE PROCESSED PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE FREE FROM THE OFFICE OF INFORMATION, U. S. FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, WASH- INGTON 25, D. C. TYPES OF PUBLICATIONS ARE DESIGNATED AS FOL- LOWS: CFS - CURRENT FISHERY STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES. FL - FISHERY LEAFLETS. MNL - REPRINTS OF REPORTS ON FOREIGN FISHERIES. SEP.- SEPARATES (REPRINTS) FROM COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW. SL - STATISTICAL LISTS OF DEALERS IN AND PRODUCERS OF FISH- ERY PRODUCTS AND BYPRODUCTS. SSR.- FISH. - SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORTS--FISHERIES (LIM- ITED DISTRIBUTION). Number Title CFS-2878 - Massachusetts Landings, 1961 Annual Sum - mary (by Gear and Subarea), 14 pp. Mississippi Landings, 1961 Annual Surnama- ry, 5 pp. CFS-2910 - North Carolina Landings, April 1962, 4 pp. CFS-2912 - New Jersey Landings, April 1962, 3 pp. CFS-2914 - California Landings, March 1962, 4 pp. CFS-2915 - Ohio Landings, March 1962, 2 pp. CFS-2917 - Maryland Landings, March 1962, 3 pp. CFS-2918 - Georgia Landings, April 1962, -2 pp. CFS-2919 - South Carolina Landings, April 1962, 2 pp. CFS-2920 - Frozen Fish Report, May 1962, 8 pp. CFS-2922 - Maryland Landings, April 1962, 3 pp. CFS-2923 - Virginia Landings, April 1962, 3 pp. CFS-2924 - Rhode Island Landings, March 1962, 3 pp. CFS-2925 - Louisiana Landings, March 1962, 2 pp. CFS-2926 - Ohio Landings, April 1962, 2 pp. CFS-2928 - New York Landings, April 1962, 4 pp. CFS-2933 - Massachusetts Landings, January 1962, 4 CFS-2906 - pp. CFS-2935 - South Carolina Landings, May 1962, 2 pp. CFS-2941 - Shrimp Landings, January 1962, 6 pp. FL-57 (Revised February 1962) - Care of Goldfish, 7 pp. FL-147 (Revised January 1962) - List of National Fish Hatcheries, 10 pp. FL-315 (Revised February 1962) - Aquarium Construc- tion in the Home Workshop, 7 pp. FL-481 (Revised February 1962) - The Use of Aquatic Plants in the Home Aquarium, 4 pp. Sep. No, 653 - Aspects of World Trade of Interest tothe Fishery Industries. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW FISHERY PUBLICATI OA A a A a Oe Bs I 0 0 2 p coment eZ bas 4 DSK. Vol. 24, No. 9 — «wee Se. 22 SS 3 ONS Sep. No, 654 - Use of Environmental and Economic Fac- tors to Check Biological Fluctuations in Maine Lob- ster Population, Wholesale Dealers in Fishery Products, 1962 (Revised): SL- 1 - Maine, 8 pp. SL- 2 - New Hampshire, 1 p. SL- 3 - Massachusetts, 9 pp. SL- 6 - New York Coastal Area, 10 pp. SL- 7 - New Jersey, 5 pp. SL- 8 - Pennsylvania, 3 pp. SL-10 - Maryland, 9 pp. SL-12 - Virginia, 12 pp. SL-13 - North Carolina, 6 pp. SL-14 - South Carolina, 3 pp. SL-15 - Georgia, 3 pp. SL-16 - Florida, 14 pp. SL-17 - Alabama, 3 pp. SL-19 - Louisiana, 7 pp. SL-20 - Texas, 6 pp. SL-22 - Oregon, 2 pp. SL-27 - Indiana (Great Lakes Area), 1 p. SL-29 - Ohio (Great Lakes Area), 3 pp. SL-30 - Pennsylvania (Great Lakes Area), 1 p. SL-31 - New York (Great Lakes Area), 2 pp. SL-162 - Firms Producing Fish Sticks and Fish Por- tions, 1961, 3 pp. (Revised) SSR-Fish. No, 398 - Distribution of Fish Eggs and Lar- vae, Temperature, and Salinity in the Georges Bank- - Gulf of Maine Area, 1953, by Robert R. Marak and John B, Colton, Jr., 64 pp., illus., November 1961, SSR-Fish, No, 402 - Variations in the Dissolved Oxygen Content of Intragravel Water in Four Spawning Streams of Southeastern Alaska, by William J, Mc- Neil, 17 pp., illus., processed, February 1962, Progress in Sport Fishery Research, 1961, Circular 132, 93 pp., illus., processed, 1962. This report of sport fishery research for the calendar year 1961 discusses fish viruses and hepatomas, enzyme sys- tems, amino acid requirements, hematocrits and stamina tests, quality control, estuarine research, hormone stimulation, ''fish farming" and ''fish con- trol,'' lake productivity, pesticides, electrofishing, and equilibrium yields--all descendants, of the work of earlier years, but new in concept and approach. Also includes a list of publications and special re- ports issued during the year, A Report to the Congress on the Federal Aid in Fish Resto- ration Program for Fiscal Year 1961, 4pp., processed. September 1962 THE FOLLOWING MARKET NEWS LEAFLETS ARE AVAILABLE FROM THE BRANCH OF MARKET NEWS, BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, WASHINGTON 25, D. C. Number Title MNL- 7 - Mexican Fisheries, 1961. MNL-53 - Fisheries of Honduras, 1961, THE FOLLOWING PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE SPECIFIC OFFICE MENTIONED. (Baltimore) Monthly Summary--Fishery Products, May 1962, 8 pp. ‘(Market News Service, U.S, Fish and - Wildlife Service, 103 S. Gay St., Baltimore 2, Md.) Receipts of fresh- and salt-water fish and shellfish at Baltimore by species and by states and provinces; total receipts by species and comparisons with pre- vious periods; and wholesale prices for fresh fish- ery products on the Baltimore market; for the month indicated, California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, Part I - Fishery Products Production and Market Data, May 1962, 16 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Post Office Bldg., San Pedro, Calif.) California cannery receipts of tuna and tunalike fish and other species used for canning; pack of canned tuna, tunalike fish, mackerel, and anchovies; market fish receipts at San Pedro, Santa Monica, and Eureka areas; California and Arizona imports; canned fish and frozen shrimp prices; ex- vessel prices for cannery fish; Oregon and Washing- ton receipts (domestic and imports) of fresh and frozen tuna and tunalike fish; for the month indicated, California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, Panty iule= eee Information, June 1962, 9 pp., illus. (U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Biological Laboratory, P.O, Box 6121, Pt. Loma Station, San Diego 6, Calif.) Contains sea-surface temperatures, fishing and research information of interest to the West Coast tuna-fishing industry and marine scien- tists; for the month indicated. "Fish Behavior Investigations,'' by R. Livingstone, Jr., Circular No, 99, pp. 42-43, illus., printed, 1960. (Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Biological Lab- oratory, Woods Hole, Mass.) Gulf of Mexico Monthly Landings, Production and Ship- ments of Fishery Products, May and June 1962, 8 pp. each, (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wild- life Service, Rm. 609, 600 South St., New Orleans 12, La.) Gulf States shrimp, oyster, finfish, and blue crab landings; crab meat production; LCL ex- press shipments from New Orleans; wholesale prices of fish and shellfish on the New Orleans French Market; fishery imports at Port Isabel and Brownsville, Texas, from Mexico; Gulf menhaden landings and production of meal, solubles, and oil; and sponge sales; for the months indicated, Monthly Summary of Fishery Products Production in Selected Areas of Virginia, North Carolina, and Maryland, June 1962, 4pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 18 S, King St., Hampton, Va.) Landings of food fish and shellfish and production of crab meat and shucked oysters for the Virginia areas of Hampton Roads, Chinco- teague, Lower Northern Neck, and Lower Eastern Shore; the Maryland areas of Crisfield, Cambridge, and Ocean City; and the North Carolina areas of Atlantic, Beaufort, and Morehead City; together with cumulative and comparative data on fishery prod- ucts and shrimp production; for the month indicated. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW | New 127 England Fisheries--Monthly Summary, ‘May 1962, 21 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 10 Commonwealth Pier, Boston 10, Mass.) Review of the principal New England fishery ports. Presents data on fishery landings by ports and spe- cies; industrial-fish landings and ex-vessel prices; imports; cold-storage stocks of fishery products in New England warehouses; fishery landings and ex- vessel prices for ports in Massachusetts (Boston, Gloucester, New Bedford, Provincetown, and Woods Hole), Maine (Portland and Rockland), Rhode Island (Point Judith), and Connecticut (Stonington);-frozen fishery products prices to primary wholesalers at Boston, Gloucester, and New Bedford; and Boston Fish Pier and Atlantic Avenue fishery landings and ex-vessel prices by species; for the monthindicated. Production of Fishery Products in Selected Areas of Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina, I961, by William N, Kelly, 22 pp., processed. (Available free from the Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wild- life Service, 18 South King St., Hampton, Va.) A summary of commercial landings of fish and shell- fish and the production of crab meat and shucked oys- ters as reported by producers and wholesalers in the specific areas mentioned, Catch and praduction data of fishery products in this report were obtained cur- rently for the selected principal fishing localities of Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina, The statis- tics in this summary represent partial commercial fisheries production only and do not represent com- plete commercial landings or production for a given area, individual state, or the Chesapeake Bay area as a whole, However, the statistics do show trends in fisheries production for the specific area designated and do reflect the over-all production trend by spe- cies, localities, and states, (Seattle) Washington and Alaska Receipts and Landings of Fishery Products for Selected Areas and Fish- ‘eries, Monthly Summary, June 1962, 9 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 706 Federal Office Bldg., 909 First Ave., Seattle 4, Wash.) Includes Seattle's landings by the halibut and salmon fleets reported through the exchanges; land- ings of halibut reported by the International Pacific Halibut Commission; landings of otter-trawl receipts reported by the Fishermen's Marketing Association of Washington; local landings by independent vessels; coastwise shipments from Alaska by scheduled and non-scheduled shipping lines and airways; imports from British Columbia via rail, motor truck, ship- ping lines,and ex-vessel landings; imports from other countries through Washington Customs District; for the month indicated, THE FOLLOWING SERVICE PUBLICATIONS ARE FOR SALE AND ARE AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON 25) iDeniGs ’ "Aluminum Punch Strip Method for Measuring Fish," article, Progressive Fish-Culturist, vol. 24, no. 2, April 1962, p. 87, illus., processed, 25 cents. Power, Statistical Digest No. 53, 531 pp., illus., printed, $2.75, 1962, The latest ina series of an- nual statistical reports on the fisheries of the United States contains data on the volume and value of the catch of fishery products, employment in the fish- eries, quantity of gear operated, number of fishing craft employed in the capture of fishery products, and information on the volume and value of the 128 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 9 production of manufactured fishery products and by- products. A special feature is a review of the Paci- fic Coast halibut fishery for the years 1888 to 1960. The 1960 commercial fisheries of the United States yielded a catch of 4.9 billion pounds valued at $353.6 million to the fishermen. Only in 1956, when a rec- ord 5.3 billion pounds were taken, and in 1959 (5.1 billion pounds) was the annual harvest greater. Com - pared with 1959, the catch was down 180 million pounds or 4 percent while the value was up over $7 million or 2 percent. The average price paidtofish- ermenin1960 was 7.2 cents per pound--a little higher than in the previous year. Sharp declines in landings of menhaden, Alaska herring, Pacific sardines, squid, and miscellaneous species used in the manufacture of industrial prod- ucts resulted in the reduced volume, Increases oc- curred in catches of Pacific salmon, yellowfin tuna, jack mackerel, crabs, and Maine herring. Menhaden continued to rank first in volume--a po- sition it had held continuously since 1946, The catch of 2 billion pounds--41 percent of the total U.S. production of all species of fish and shellfish, etc,-- was 184 million pounds less than in 1959; however, it was the third largest catch in the history of the fishery. In 1960, the Pacific Coast tuna fishery recovered from the chaotic conditions of the previous year. Landings totaled 288 million pounds--20 million pounds more than in 1959. Outstanding in the eco- nomic recovery of the tuna fishery was the spectac- ular success of clippers converted to seiners, Tu- na seiners were more efficient and economical, taking larger catches in less than one-half the time required by tuna clippers. Shrimp continued to yield more revenue to U.S, fishermen thanany other species. The catch amounted to 249 million pounds, with an ex-vessel value of nearly $67 million. The volume was up 9 million pounds and the value $9 million compared with the previous year, Despite increased catches during 1960, the industry was still greatly concerned over the continuing rise in imports which totaled a rec- ord 113 million pounds. Primarily through the Na- tional Shrimp Congress, the industry continued its effort to have legislation enacted that would provide for an orderly flow of imports. The 1960 Pacific salmon catch totaled 235 million pounds valued at $45 million--much better than in 1959 when 202 million pounds valued at $36 million were landed. However, only in Western and Central Alaska was the season really successful. In some areas, the fishery was nearly a failure, Red salmon returned to Bristol Bay, Alaska, in near record numbers in 1960. The total run, esti- mated at well over 35 million fish, yielded a catch of about 13.5 million fish, of which almost 10 mil- lion were taken in the Naknek-Kvichak area, Over 20 million fish (perhaps a new record) escaped capture and reached spawning grounds. Once again, the California sardine season was a failure. The catch dropped from 74 million pounds in 1959 to only 58 million pounds in 1960--the fourth smallest catch since 1915. There was no lack of in- terestinfishing, and weather did not limit activities. Sardines just failed to appear in appreciable quanti- ties. High surface water temperatures were believed, at least partially, to be the cause of poor showing of sardines during most of the season, San Pedro, Calif., was the leading fish landing port in the U.S, in 1960 with respect to both volume and ex-vessel value, Total landings in the San Pedro area, consisting largely of tuna, jack and Pacific mackerel and sardines, amounted to 375 million pounds valued at nearly $33 million, Pascagoula, Miss., a menhaden port, was in second place with landings of about 302 million pounds, followed by Lewes, Del., with landings of around 282 million pounds, chiefly menhaden, The menhaden ports of Empire and Cameron, La., were next with landings of 216 million pounds and 205 million pounds, re- spectively. Gloucester, Mass., was in sixth place with landings totaling 192 million pounds, consisting mainly of whiting, ocean perch, and industrial fish. New Bedford, Mass., was in second place with re- spect to ex-vessel value of landings (over $13 mil- lion), followed by Boston, Mass. ($9.6 million), and Gloucester, Mass. ($6 million), The predominance of high-priced sea scallops and flounders in the New Bedford receipts accounted for the high value, al- though the volume was much less than at other lead- ing ports. Improving Sport Fishing by Control of Aquatic Weeds, by Eugene W, Surber, Circular 128, 53 pp., illus., processed, 35 cents, 1961, A publication to aid fish- ery biologists, pond owners, and others who are hav- ing problems with aquatic weeds, Large amounts of either submersed or emergent vegetation in fishing waters often interferes with anglers! efficiency, and also leads to overpopulation of stunted fish, The au- thor points out that one of the best ways to control submersed or underwater plants in shallow ponds is to apply fertilizer to the water, The fertilizer en- courages the growth of microscopic green or blue- green plants called algae. This free-floating algae, when it becomes dense enough, shades out the larger plants. Many aquatic plants, however, cannot be eas- ily controlled by fertilization, and the algae itself can become a problem, In these cases, chemical con- trol can be effective. A list of aquatic plants and the chemicals that control them is included, Methods of application are discussed and easy-to-follow instruc- tions on measuring the volume of water to determine the rate of application also are included, Various 5 mechanical methods of control are mentioned, includ- ing cutting bars and hand-operated weed-cutting saws. "An Interim Report on Sacramento River Chinook Dis- ease: A Viruslike Disease of Chinook Salmon," by Thomas J. Parisot and John Pelnar, article, Pro- gressive Fish-Culturist, vol. 24, no. 2, April 1962, pp. 51-55, illus., processed, 25 cents. "Predation of Crayfish on Fishes,'' by W.L. Minckley and James E. Craddock, article, Progressive Fish- Culturist, vol. 23, no. 3, 1961, pp. 120-123, processed, 25 cents, "Standards for Reporting Fish Toxicity Tests," by Ol- iver B. Cope, articie, Progressive Fish-Culturist, vol, 23, no. 4, 1961, pp. 187-189, processed, 25 cents. September 1962 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND SHOWN. ALABAMA: "An Annotated List of Fishes from the Coosa River System of Alabama,'' by Herbert R. Boschung, Jr., article, The American Midland Naturalist, vol. 66, no. 2, 1961, pp. 257-285, printed. American Midland Naturalist, Notre Dame, Ind. ALEWIVES: "Restoration of Anadromous Alewives at Long Pond, Maine," by Keith A. Havey, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 90, no. 3, 1961, pp. 281-286, printed. Secretary, American Fisher - ies Society, P.O. Box 483, McLean, Va. AMINO ACIDS: "Studies on the External Mucous Substance of Fishes. Ill--Identification of Amino Acids in the Mucous Protein from Some Fishes by Paper Chromatogra- phy,'' by Noriyuki Enomoto, Tadaaki Nagao, and Yu- 143-146, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-Chome, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan, ANIMAL FEEDING: "Processed Foods for Dogs and Cats,'' by W.R. Wool- dridge, article, Food Manufacture, vol, 36, no. 4, pp. 162-163, printed. Leonard Hill Ltd., 9 Eden St., London NW1, England, ANIMAL NAVIGATION: "Animal Navigation in the Sea,'’ by Talbot H. Water - man, article, Gunma Journal of Medical Science, vol. 8, no, 3, 1961, pp. 243-262, printed. Gunma University Medical Library, Maebashi-shi, Japan, ANTIOXIDANT: "Applicability of Antioxidant to Marine Products," by K. Toyama, K. Saruya, and K. Ando, article, Journal of Tokyo University of Fisheries, vol. 46, no, soe 1960, pp. 107-131, illus., printed. Tokyo University of Fisheries, Shiba Kaigandori, 6 -Chome, Minato- Ku, Tokyo, Japan. BARRACUDA: Tagging of Great Barracuda, SPHYRAENA BARRA- CUDA (Walbaum), by Victor G. Springer and An- drew J. McErlean, Contribution No, 53, 4 pp., illus., printed, (Reprinted from Transactions of the Amer- can Fisheries Society, vol. 90, no. 4, October 1961, pp. 497-500.) F orids State Board of Conservation Marine Laboratory, St, Petersburg, Fla. BIOCHEMISTRY: "The Nature of the Components Liberated by Treat- ment of Cod Myosin with Alkali or with Low Con- centration of Urea," by J.J. Connell and H,S, Ol- cott, article, Archives of Biochemistry and Biophys- d. ae ics, vol, 94, 1961, pp. 128-135, illus., printe chives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Academic Press, Inc., 111 5th Ave., New York 3, N.Y. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 129 BIOLOGICAL INSTITUTE: "Biologicheskii Institut Vengerskoi Akademii Nauk" (The Biological Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), by S.V. Goryunova and L.K, Osnitskaya, article, Izvestia Akademii Nauk, SSSR Seriia Biol., vol. 6, 1960, pp. 942-944, printed in Russian. Akade- miia Nauk, SSSR. Seriia Biol., Moscow, U.S.S.R. BLACK DRUM: "Young Black Drum, Pogonias cromis, in Tidal Fresh and Brackish Waters, Especially in the Chesapeake and Delaware Bay Areas,'' by Charles M, Frisbie, article, Chesapeake Science, vol. 2, nos, 1-2, 1961, pp. 94-100, printed. Department of Research and Education, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solo- mons, Md, BONITO: "Notes on Larvae, Juveniles, and Spawning of Bonito Sarda from the Eastern Pacific Ocean,'' by W.L. Klawe, article, Pacific Science, vol, 15, no. 4, 1961, pp. 487-493, printed. Pacific Science, University of Hawaii, Honolulu 14, Hawaii, BROOK TROUT: "Growth of Wild and Hatchery Strains of Brook Trout," by Edwin L. Cooper, article, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 90, no. 4, 1961, pp. 424-438, printed. Secretary. American Fisheries Society, P.O. Box 483, McLean, Va. A Population Study of the Brook Trout, SALVELINUS ~FONTINALIS, by James T. McFadden, Wildlife Mon- ographs (Wildlife Society), no. 7, 73 pp., printed, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa, CANADA: "A Collection of Oceanic Fishes from off British Co- lumbia with a Discussion of the Evolution of Black Peritoneum,'' by D.E, McAllister, article, National Museum of Canada Bulletin, vol. 172, 1960, pp. 39- 43, printed. National Museum of Canada, Ottawa, Canada. Fisheries Statistics of Canada, 1960 (Prince Edward Island), 23 pp., illus., printed in French and English, 50 Canadian cents. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada, May 1962. Consists of tables giving the quantity and value of the princi- pal species of fish and shellfish landed in Quebec from 1948-60; quantity and value of landings by spe- cies and fisheries districts, 1959-60; quantity and value of manufactured fishery products by species, 1959-60; capital equipment employed in the primary fisheries operations, 1959-60; classification of powered fishing craft by over-all length, 1959-60; persons engaged in primary operations by fisheries districts, 1959-60; and persons engaged in the major fisheries, 1959-60, Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol, 19, no. 3, May 1962, 157 pp., illus., printed. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Otta- wa, Canada, Contains among others, the following articles: ''The Occurrence of the King Crab, Para- lithodes camtschatica (Tilesius), and of Lithodes aequispina Benedict in British Columbia, by T.H. Butler and Josephine F.L. Hart; ''Enumeration of Coliform Bacteria in Light Salted Fish Brines," by H.P. Dussault; ''Cod Tagging in the Newfoundland Area during 1947 and 1948," by Wilfred Templeman 130 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 9 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE and A.M, Fleming; ''On the Fecundity of Pacific Cod (Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius) from Hecate Strait, British Columbia,” by J. Arthur Thomson; and "A Note Concerning the Origin and Quantitative Distri- bution of Acid-Soluble Phosphorus Compounds and Free Sugars in Fish Muscle,'' by H.L.A. Tarr and M. Leroux, Statistics on Salmon Sport Fishing in the Tidal Waters of British Columbia, 1961, 29 pp., illus., processed. Department of Fisheries of Canada, 1155 Robson St., Vancouver 5, B.C., March 31, 1962, CANNING: "De bereiding van mossel- en Oestervolconserven" (The Packing of Sterilized Mussel and Oyster Prod- ucts), by H. Houwing, article, Conserva, vol. 10, no. 2, 1961, pp. 29-31, printed in Dutch. Moorman!'s Periodieke Pers N.V., Zwarteweg 1, The Hague, Netherlands, Films About the Canning Industry, 4th edition, 51 pp., illus., printed, National Canners Assoc., Informa- tion Division, 1133 20th St. NW., Washington 6, D.C., June 1962, Contains an alphabetical list of films on the canning industry (including canned fish) along with a brief description of each film. Also includes sponsor of film, cost, and where the films are avail- able, CATFISH: "Distinguishing the Catfishes of Pennsylvania,'' by Keen Buss and Jack Miller, article, Pennsylvania Angler, vol, 31, no, 3, March 1962, pp. 8-9, illus., printed, Pennsylvania Fish Commission, South Office Bldg., Harrisburg, Pa. CLAMS: Clam Poison, IV--Studies on the Nitration of Clam Poison and Model Compounds, by R.A.B. Bannard and A.A, Casselman, DRCL Report No, 353, 19 pp., illus., printed, limited distribution, Defense Research Chemical Labs., Canada, July 1961, COD: "Lipid Hydrolysis in Frozen Cod Muscle," by E. G. Bligh, article, Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 18, 1961, pp. 143-145, printed. Queen's — Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. "Observations on the Ecology of the Pacific Cod, Gadus macrocephalus, in Canadian Waters," by K.S. Ketchen| article, Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 18, no. 4, 1961, pp. 513-558, printed. _ Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada, "Razvitie Tikhookeanskoi Treski(Gadus morhua macro- cephalus Tilesius)'' (Development of the Pacific Ocean Cod Gadus morhua macrocephalus tilesius), by V.A. Mukhacheva and O,A, Zvyagina, article, Trudy In- stituta See ee Ss Akademiia Nauk SSSR, vol. 31, 1960, pp. 145-163, printed in Russian. Izdatel'stvo Akademii, Nauk SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. Synopsis of Biological Data on Cod, GADUS MORHUA Linnaeus, 1758, by John P. Wise, FAO Fisheries Biology Synopsis No, 21, FB/S21, SAST-Cod-1,48 (4), 0,02, 02, 53 pp., illus., processed (limited dis- tribution), Fisheries Division, Biology Branch, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, Decem- ber 1961, This is one of a series of synopses of bio- logical data concerning species of aquatic organisms of economic importance, It is a revision of an un- published life history summary on cod prepared orig- inally for the U.S, National Academy of Sciences Hand- book of Biological Data. It discusses the identity of the species, distribution, bionomics and life history, population, and exploitation, Also contains a com- plete list of references. CONDUCTIVITY: "Ta Mesure en Courant Continu de la Conductivite Electrique des Eaux'' (Direct Current Measurement of the Electrical Conductivity of Waters), by J.P. Labrique, article, Vegetatio, vol. 10, no. 1, 1961, pp. 42-52, printed. Vegetatio, Acta geobotanica, Den Haag., Netherlands, CONSERVATION: The Conservation of our Natural Resources, Conser- vation Bulletin 39, 30 pp., illus., printed, 20 cents. U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., revised May 1957, (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Wash- ington 25, D.C.) Outlines the responsibilities and functions of the Department of the Interior, Describes the Department's conservation program and other activities, and gives a brief historical summary of each Bureau, including the Fish and Wildlife Service, within the Department. Also includes an organization chart, list of Departmental publications, significant dates in its administrative history, and a listing of the Secretaries of the Interior during each Presiden- tial administration, President Kennedy's Message on Conservation to the Congress of the United States, 20 pp., illus., printed, 20 cents. U.S, Department of the Interior, Washing- ton, D.C., March 1, 1962. (For sale by the Superin- tendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Of- fice, Washington 25, D.C.) Presents a bold and far- seeing message on conservation which President Kennedy sent to Congress on March 1, 1962, Defines the creative relationships between man and the whole spectrum of earth, air, and water resources on which he depends, An unprecedented charter for vigorous action and a specific program for the future, Many kinds of resources, suchas energy andmetals, forests and forage, soils and water, fisheries and wildlife, are considered here, not only separately, but in that com- bination which makes up our natural environment. CRABS: Pagurid Crabs (DECAPODA ANOMURA) from St. John, Virgin Islands, with Descriptions of Three New Spe- cies, by Anthony J. Provenzano, Jr., Contribution No. 329, 15 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Crusta- ceana, vol, 3, part 2, pp. 151-166.) Marine Labora- tory, University of Miami, #1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla., 1961. DIP-TREATED FISH: "On Chlortetracycline Residue in Dip-Treated Fish," by T. Tomiyama, Y, Yone, and S, Fujino, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol, 27, no. 7, July 1961, pp. 713-717, illus., printed in Japanese, Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6- Chome, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. September 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 132 DOLPHIN: "Studies on Fishing Conditions of Dolphin, Coryphaena hippurus L., in the Western Region of the Sea of Japan, IlI--On Food Contents of the Dolphin," by Faculty of Fisheries and Animal Husbandry, Hiro- shima University, Fukuyama, Japan. FISH LARVAE: "The Survival of Larval Fish in the Northern North Sea According to the Quality of the Sea Water,'' by J.H. Fraser, article, Journal of the Marine Biologi- aENO.. 2, pp. 625-630, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-Chome, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, cal of the Tokyo, Japan. sociation of the United Kingdom, Cambridge Univer- ECOLOGY: sity Press, 200 Euston Rd., London NW1, England. ogy and Medicine--Terrestrial and Freshwater, by Charles L. Dunham and others, TID-13358, printed. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Germantown, Md, FISH MEAL: "Other Fish Feedstuffs: Fish Silage, Pulp,''article, 1960 Beretning Fiskeriministeriets Forsogslaboratorium, p. 48, printed in Danish and English. Fiskeriminis- teriets Forsogslaboratorium, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1961, ELECTRICAL FISHING: "An Electric Fishing Machine with Pulsatory Direct Current,'' by A.M.R. Burnet, article, New Zealand Journal of Science, vol. 4, no. 1, 1961, pp. 151-161, printed. New Zealand Journal of Science, Depart- ment of Scientific and Industrial Research, P.O. Box 8018, Government Bldg., Wellington Cl, New Zea- land, FISH MEASUREMENT: "A Device for Measuring Larval and Juvenile Fishes," by Robert C, Counts, article, Copeia, no. 2, 1961, pp. 224-226, printed. Copeia, American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, Calif, ELECTRONIC THAWING: "The Electronic Thawing of Fish,'' article, Peche Maritime, October 1961, pp. 723-727, illus., printed in French. Peche Maritime, 190 Boulevard Hauss- man, Paris, France. FISH POISONS: "Effect of Fish Poisons on Water Supplies. Part I-- Removal of Toxic Materials," by J.M, Cohen and others, article, Journal of the American Water Works Association, vol. 52, 1960, pp. 1551-1566, printed. American Water Works Association, 2 Park Ave., New York 16, N.Y. EYES OF FISH: "Photomechanical Changes in the Eyes of Fishes," by J.A. Nicol, article, Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, vol. 41, no, 3, 1961, pp. 695-698, printed. Marine Biological As- sociation of the United Kingdom, Cambridge Uni- versity Press, 200 Euston Rd., London NW1, England, Haptenic Properties of Paralytic Shellfish Poison, by y-E Campbell, Quarterly Progress Report No. 6, 15 pp., illus., printed, limited distribution, Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, December 31, 1961. FISH BEHAVIOR: "O Povedenii Tikhookeanskoi Treski v Razlichnykh FISH POPULATIONS: Zoogeographic Regions" (The Behavior of the Pacif- ic Codfish in Various Zoogeographic Regions), by P.A. Moiseev, article, Zoologicheski Zhurnal, vol. 39, no. 4, 1960, pp. 558-562, printed in Russian with English summary. Redaktsiia Zoologicheskogo Zhurnala, Podsosenskii per. d. 21, Moscow, B-64, U.S.S.R. FISH FINDER: "An Automatic Method of Counting Fish Echoes," by R.B. Mitson, and R.J. Wood, article, Journal du Conseil, vol. 26, no. 3, 1961, pp. 281-291, printed, Conseil Permanent International pour 1'Exploration de la Mer, Charlottenlund Slot, Denmark, FISH FLAVOR: Fish Flavors, by N.R. Jones, 21 pp., printed. Camp- bell Soup Co., Camden, N.J., 1961. Paper read at Flavor Chemistry Symposium, Camden, (Also reprinted as Torry Memoir No, 64, Torry Research Station, Aberdeen, Scotland.) FISHING NETS: "Breaking Strength of a Knot of Fishing Net as Affect- ed by the Angle Between Legs of Mesh," by Shunpei Kakuda, article, Journal of the Faculty of Fisheries and Animal Husbandry, Hiroshima University, vol. 3, no, 2, December 1961, pp. 231-245, illus., printed. "An Analysis of the Petersen-Type Fish Population Estimate,'' by Yukio Nose, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 27, no. 8, 1961, pp. 763-773, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-Chome, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. "Problemas en la Evaluacion de Poblaciones de Peces Pelagicos'' (Problems in the Evaluation of Popula- tions of Pelagic Fish), by M. Gomez Larraneta. Biological Abstracts, vol. 36, no, 22, 1960, abst. no. 78598, printed, University of Pennsylvania, 3815 Walnut St., Philadelphia 4, Pa. FISH SAMPLING: "Consideracoes sobre Amostragem de Peixes Marin- hos" (Considerations on the Sampling of Marine Fishes), by H. Nomura, article, Boletin Instituto Es- panol de Oceanografia, vol, 11, no, I, 1960, pp. 99- 119, printed in Spanish with English summary. In- stituto Espanol de Oceanografia, Alcala 27, Madrid, Spain, FISH SCALES: "Pousiti Zeissova Cteciho Pristroje pro Vyzkum Rybich Supin" (Utilization of the Zeiss Reading Ap- paratus in Examining Fish Scales), by Milan Penaz and Jiri Libosvarsky, article, Zoologicki Listy, vol. 132 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 24, no. 4, 1961, pp. 183-184, printed in Czechoslo- vakian. Ceskoslovensha Akademie, Ved. Zoologieka, Komise, nove mestv, Vodickova 40, Prague 1. Czechoslovakia, FISH TAGGING: "Fish Tagging,'' by Stacy Gebhards, article, Idaho Wildlife Review, vol. 14, no. 6, May-June 1962, pp. 6-7, illus., printed, Idaho Fish and Game Commis- sion, 518 Front St., Boise, Idaho. Gives short back- ground of fish tagging and recovery. Discusses also the common types of fish tags, information provided by tagging studies, and the value of the data for fish- ery management, FLORIDA: Catch and Fishing Effort by Anglers in Florida's Coastal an shore Waters, by Albert Rosen and Robert W. Ellis, Special Service Bulletin No. 18, 12 pp., illus., printed, Florida State Board of Conserva- tion, W.V. Knott Bldg., Tallahassee, Fla., November 1961. Notes on and Additions to the Fish Fauna of the Tam- Ea Bay Area in Florida, by Springer and Woodburn, ontribution No. 52, 3 pp., printed. (Reprinted from Copeia, no. 4, December 19, 1961, pp. 480-482.) Florida State Board of Conservation, Marine Labora- tory, St. Petersburg, Fla. FLOUNDERS: "Nekotorye Dannye o Raspredelenii Kambalovykh Ryb v Raione Severnykh Kuril'skikh Ostrovov'" (Some Data on the Distribution of Flounders in the Region of the Northern Kuril Islands), by M.I. Legeza, arti- cle, Trudy Instituta Okeanologist Akademiia Nauk, SSSR; vol. 36, 1959, pp. 275-281, printed in Russian, Izdatel'stvo Akademii, Nauk SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. "A Study of Winter Flounder Movements," by Saul B. Saila, article, Limnolo and Oceanography, vol. 6, no. 3, 1961, pp. 292-298, printed. Woods Hole Oce- anographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass. FOOD: Fish as Food, vol. 1, edited by Georg Borgstrom, 726 pp., printed, $24, Academic Press, 111 Fifth Ave., New York 3, N.Y., August 1961. This is the first of three volumes designed to give an up-to-date ac- count of the world's resources of fish, shellfish, and other aquatic organisms suitable for food and feed, their present exploitation and future potentialities. Most of the world's leading fish scientists have contributed to the volumes, Of particular impor- tance is the inclusion of Soviet and Japanese inves- tigations previously unavailable in English. The book is a valuable source of information for all those en- gaged in the study of marine and fresh-water organ- isms utilized as food, It also includes valuable and abundant information for the chemist, biologist, bacteriologist, and food technologist concerned with food commodities other than fish. The contents are as follows: Biology of Seafish Production; World Fisheries; Fish Cultivation in Europe; Carp Culti- vation in Japan; Raising Fish for Food in Southeast Asia; Organic Constituents of Fish and Other Aquat- ic Animal Foods; Biochemistry of Fish Oils; Recent Findings in Fatty Acid Composition of Marine Oils; Fish Proteins with Special Reference to Freezing; Vol. 24, No. 9 The Histamine Problem; Nonprotein Nitrogenous Com - pounds; Rigor Mortis in Fish; Vitamins in Fish--with Special Reference to Edible Parts; The Microbiology of Sea-Water Fish; Microbiology of Shellfish Deterio- ration; The Spoilage of Fresh-Water Fish; and Chem- ical Control of Microbiological Deterioration. Special lists of species mentioned in the text, prepared ina Latin and English arrangement are appended. The contents of vol, II and vol, III are also listed in the present volume. FOOD CONSUMPTION: Dietary Evaluation of Food Used in Households in the nited States, by Corinne LeBovit and others, House- hold Food Consumption Survey 1955, Report No. 16, 60 pp., illus., printed, single copy 40 cents, House- hold Economics Research Division, Agricultural Re- search Service, U.S, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., November 1961, (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.) Fish included in tables only in the basket category of ''meat, poul- try, fish." FOOD STORAGE: Storing Perishable Foods in the Home, Home and Gar- den Bulletin No. 78, 12 p p., illus., printed, 10 cents. U.S, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., October 1961. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.) This booklet offers specific storage suggestions for foods, including fish. Dis- cusses indication of food spoilage, variations in the degree of temperature and the amount of moisture needed to retain quality in storage, temperatures in the refrigerators, and storage directions for all foods. Fish may be stored in the coldest part of the refrigerator for one or two days. Loose wrappings are suggested as fish benefit from some circulation of air. FOREIGN TRADE: "Here are FCIA's Questions, Answers on Foreign Credit Insurance Plan," article, Foreign Commerce, vol, 67, no. 13, March 26, 1962, pp. 496-500, printed. Foreign Credit Insurance Association, 60 John St., New York 38, N.Y. Because of the intense interest on the part of American exporters in the new export credit procedures of the Export-Import Bank's For- eign Credit Insurance Association (FCIA), detailed information prepared by FCIA is reprinted ina question-and-answer form, Included also are sam- ples of FCIA's Short Term-Shipment form, FRANCE: "Une Annee de Peche Francaise--Le Rapport sur l'Ac- tivite du Comite Central des Peches Maritimes en 1961"' (One Year of French Fishing--Report on the Work of the Central Committee of Maritime Fisher- ies in 1961), and ''L'Activite des Comites Interprofes- sionnels" (Activity of the Interprofessional Commit- tees), by J.S. Parquic; articles, France Peche, vol. 7, no, 62, April. 1962, pp. 27-30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48-49, and vol. 7, no. 63, May 1962, pp. 62, 65-66, 69-70, 73, printed in French, France Peche, Boite Postale 179, Lorient (Morbihan), France. "Extraits du Rapport final presente par la commission des Peches maritimes du Quatrieme Plan" (Extracts September 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 133 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE of the Final Report Presented by the Commission of Maritime Fisheries of the Fourth Plan), article, France Peche, no. 58, January 1962, pp, 13-14, printed in French. France Peche, Boite Postale 179, Lorient (Morbihan), France. "Ta Position des Peches Francaises" (Status of French Fisheries), by Jules Molard, article, France Peche, vol. 7, no. 61, April 1962, pp. 15-16, printed in French, France Peche, Boite Postale 179, Lor- ient (Morbihan), France. "Reflexions sur la densite des especes'' (Considera- tions on the Abundance of the Species), by Robert Lenier, article, France Peche, no. 58, January 1962, pp. 17-19, illus., printed in French, France Peche Boite Postale 179, Lorient (Morbihan), France, "Une Saison de prospection du Roselys'' (A Season of Exploration by the "Roselys'), article, France Peche, no, 58, January 1962, pp. 40-42, illus., printed in French. France Peche, Boite Postale 179, Lorient (Morbihan), France. "Ia Situation de 1'Industrie de la Conserve du Thon et de la Sardine Avant la Campagne de 1962" (Status of the Tuna and Sardine Canning Industry Before the 1962 Season), by A. de Torquat, article, La Peche Maritime, vol. 41, no. 1010, May 1962, pp. 295-296, illus., printed in French. La Peche Maritime, 190 Boulevard Haussman, Paris, France. FREEZE-DRYING: "Accelerated Freeze-Drying in Fish Processing," by E.A.M, Bradford, article, The Fishing News, vol. 1, no. 1, October 1961, pp. 102, 105-106, illus., printed. The Fishing News, Suite 27, 110 Fleet St., London EC4, England. "Freeze-Drying Takes First Giant Step," article, Quick Frozen Foods, vol. 23, no. 11, pp. 43-45, illus., printed. E.W. Williams Publications, Inc., 82 Wall St., New York 5, N.Y. "How Liana Freeze-Dries Shrimp and Plans Full Line of Sublimated Food Products," by K.A. Andersen, article, Canner and Packer, Western Edition, vol. 130, July 1961, pp. 23-24, illus., printed. Tried Publishing Co., 59 East Monroe St., Chicago 3, IIl. "Prospect for Freeze-Drying,"' article, Modern Re- frigeration, vol, 64, no. 760, July 1961, pp. 690-692, illus., printed, Refrigeration Press Ltd., Maclaren House, 131 Great Suffolk St., London SE1, England, FREEZING: "Associated Fisheries! New Trawler Can Freeze Half Her Catch at Sea,'' article, Frozen Foods, vol. 14, no. 7, July 1961, pp. 476-477, illus., printed, Maclaren House, 131 Great Suffolk St., London SE1, England, "Freezing on Board Ship is a Logical Step Forward," by G.C, Eddie, article, Frozen Foods, vol. 14, no, 9, September 1961, pp. 646-650, 660, printed. Maclaren House, 131 Great Suffolk St., London SE1, England, Freezing on Board, Some Factors Affecting Design of Vessel and Choice of Equipment, by G.C. > ie, Torry Report No. 1, 11 pp., printed. Torry Research Station, Aberdeen, Scotland, 1961, "Optimal'nye Uslovija Zamorazivanija Ryby v Potoke Vozduha" (Optimum Conditions for Freezing Fish in an Air Blast), by G.S, Konokotin, article, Kholodil'- naia Tekhnika, no. 5, 1961, pp. 53-58, illus., printed in Russian. Four Continent Book Corp,, 822 Broad- way, New York 3, N.Y. FROZEN FISH: "Frozen Fish: Marinated Fillets of Salt Herring; Fil- lets of Spiced Herring,'' article, 1960 Beretning, Fiskeriministeriets Forsogslaboratorium, pp. 43- 45, printed in Danish and English. Fiskeriministeriets Forsogslaboratorium, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1961. "Frozen Fish: Shrimp," article, 1960 Beretning, Fiskeriministeriets Forsogslaboratorium, p. 42, printed, Fiskeriministeriets Forsogslaboratorium, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1961. "Microbiology of Frozen Seafoods," article, Frosted Food Field, vol, 32, no. 4, April 1961, pp. 31-32, illus., printed, Frosted Food Field, 321 Broadway, New York 7, N.Y. "Quick-Thawing Frozen Fish," article, The Fishin News, vol. 1, no, 1, October 1961, pp. 108-109, illus., printed. The Fishing News, Suite 27, 110 Fleet St., London EC4, England. FROZEN STORAGE: "Tiefkuhlhaus in Leichtbauweise fur Gefrierfischlager - ung" (A Cold Store of Light Structure for the Storage of Frozen Fish), by H.J. Eckert, article, Kaltetech- nik, vol. 12, no. 7, July 1960, pp. 196-199, illus., printed in German. Verlag C.F. Muller, Karlsruhe, Germany. GENERAL: "All About Fish,'' by Howard Zeller, article, Georgia Game and Fish, vol. 11, no, 1, pp. 10-11, illus., printed. Georgia Game and Fish Commission, 412 State Capitol Bldg., Atlanta, Ga. Discusses the bas- ic scientific knowledge of fish as an animal group such as classification, vision of fish, sense of smell and touch, hearing, and internal anatomy. Includes also some fishing tips. GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC: Bericht uber Stellung und Lage der Seefischerei der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Report on the Position and Status of Marine Fisheries of the Federal Repub- lic of Germany), Deutscher Bundestag--4, Wahlper- iode, Drucksache IV/230, 35 pp., illus., printed in German. Der Bundesminister fur Ernahrung, Land- wirtschaft und Forsten, Bonn, Germany, February 28, 1962. Reviews the status of the West German fishing industry and proposes a considerable increase in government aid in the form of subsidies and loans. GILL NETS: "Selectivity and Efficiency of Experimental Gill Nets in South Bay and Georgian Bay of Lake Huron,'' by 134 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 9 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM, A.H. Berst, article, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 90, no. 4, 1961, pp. 413- 418, printed, Secretary, American Fisheries Soci- ety, P.O. Box 483, McLean, Va. GROUPERS: Synopsis of Biological Data on Groupers (EPINEPHE- LUSand Allied Genera) of the Western North Atlan- fic, by C. Lavett Smith, FAO Fisheries Biology Syn- opsis No. 23, FB/S23, SATS-Groupers-1,70 (2), 65 pp., illus., processed (limited distribution), Fish- eries Division, Biology Branch, Food and Agricul- ture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, December 1961, This is one of a series of synopses of biological data concerning species of aquatic organisms of econom- ic importance. Discusses the identity of the species, distribution, bionomics and life history, population, and exploitation. Also contains a complete list of references, HAKE: "Size Distribution by Depth of the Longfin Hake, Phy- cis chesteri,'' by Raymond L, Fritz, article, Copeia, no, 2, 1961, pp. 229-230, printed, American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, Calif, HALIBUT: lations, 2 pp., processed, ibut Commission, Fisheries Hall No, 2, University of Washington, Seattle 5, Wash, Lists the signifi- cant changes of the 1962 regulations from those of 1961, Pacific Halibut Fishery Regulations (Effective March 27, 1962), 11 pp., printed. International Pacific Hal- ibut Commission, Fisheries Hall No, 2, University of Washington, Seattle 5, Wash., March 1962, These regulations were published in conformity with the Pacific Halibut Fishery Convention between the Uni- ted States and Canada, signed March 2, 1953. They are based on biological and statistical investigations, designed to show what catch can be taken from the stocks each year, Lists the regulatory areas and length of the halibut fishing seasons, and discusses closed seasons, catch limits, size limit, and licens- ing of vessels. Also covers conditions limiting va- lidity of permits, statistical return by vessels and dealers, dory gear and nets prohibited, retention of tagged halibut, responsibility of master, supervision of unloading and weighing, and sealing of fishing equipment, ICELAND: "Rannsoknir a veidum med dragnot vorid 1961" (Com- parative Fishing with Danish Seine, Spring 1961), by C.P, Joakimsson, article, Aegir, vol. 54, no, 16, 1961, pp. 325-327, illus., printed in Icelandic with English summary. Fiskifelag Islands, Reykjavik, Iceland, ICE STORAGE: "Influence of Various Factors on Keeping Quality of Fish and Changes in Nitrogen Distribution and Tex- ture of Fish During Storage in Ice," by M.N. Moor- jani, article, Food Science, July 1961, pp. 201-212, printed. Central Food Technological Research In- stitute, Mysore, India, IMPORTS: United States Imports of Merchandise for Consumption (Commodity by Country of Origin), Calendar Year 1961, Report No, FT 110, 204 pp., illus., processed, $1. Bureau of the Census, U.S, Department of Com- merce, Washington, D.C., May 1962. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.) The import statistics include government as well as nongovern- mental shipments of merchandise (including fish, shellfish, and fishery byproducts) from foreign coun- tries, INTERNATIONAL COMMISSIONS: "Colaboracion con la Comision Internacional de Pes- querias del Atlantico Noroeste (ICNAF)" (Collabora- tion with the International Commission for the North- west Atlantic Fisheries--ICNAF), by O. Rodriguez, article, Boletin de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, vol. 58, no. 2, 1960, pp. 314-334, illus., printed in Spanish. Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, Paseo de la Castellana, 84, Madrid, Spain, IRRADIATION PRESERVATION: "Food Preservation Research in Sweden," by L.E. Ericson, article, Food Irradiation, Quarterly Inter- national Newsletter, vol. 2, no. 2, October-December 1961, pp. A2-A5, printed. O.E.E.C, Mission, Publi- cations Office, Suite 1223, 1346 Connecticut Ave., NW., Washington 6, D.C, "Zur Problematik der Strahlenkonservierung von Lebensmitteln" (Preservation of Foodstuffs by Means of Irradiation), by J. Kuprianoff, article, Atomkerne- nergie, vol, 4, 1959, pp. 296-299, printed in German. Karl Thiemig KG, Pilgersheimer Strasse 38, Munich 9, Germany. "The Revised U.S, Army Quartermaster Corps Pyo- gram on Food Preservation by Ionizing Energy," by William B, Levin, article, Food Irradiation, Quarter - ¥ International Newsletter, vol. 2, no. 2, October- ecember 1961, pp. A6-A9, printed. O.E.E.C. Mis- sion, Publications Office, Suite 1223, 1346 Connecti- cut Ave., NW., Washington 6, D.C. JAPAN: Memoirs of the Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima Uni- meray vol, 10, December 1961, 130 pp., illus., printed in Japanese with English summaries, In- cludes, among others, the following articles: ''Stud- ies on the Radiological Contamination of Fishes, Sea Water and Plankton in the Southern Region of Kago- shima Prefecture during the Period from November 1959 to December 1960," by Muneo Sameshima and Saito Kaname; ''On the Proteolysis and Coagulation of Actomyosin Fraction of Fish Muscle by Action of Bacterial Proteinase,'' by Tomio Hidaka; ''Studies on the Vitamin B-complex in Marine Algae. I--On Vitamin Contents,'' by Akio Kanazawa; ''Studies on the Tannage of Fish Skin," by Michitoshi Ochi; ''On the Relation Between Body-Temperature of Mackerel 'Gomasaba! and Its Fishing Depth,'' by Toyotaka Tanoue; ''Experiments Performed in a Large Circu- lating Tank on a Model of a Fishing Vessel of Gross Tonnage About 1,000 Tons," by Yoshikazu Narasako; and "On the Building Cost of Kagoshima-Maru, Fish- eries Training Ship, Kagoshima University, by Ken- zo Takahashi, September 1962 OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. KOREA: Korean Exports, 1962, 206 pp., illus., printed. Cham- ber of Commerce of Korea, 111 Sokong-dong, Seoul, Korea, 1962, Deals with the annual investigation in- to actual conditions of Korean exports conducted for the purpose of introducing Korea's exports to foreign countries. Part 1 includes, among others, a section on the fishing industry--one of the major industries of Korea, This section gives a general description of the fishing industry, and an analysis of Korea's fisheries export market. Quantity and vaiue of fish- ery products exports for 1960 are also included. Part 2 contains general trade information, and Part 3 is a trade directory listing exporters, manufacturers, and associations. LAKE TROUT: "Recoveries of Tagged, Hatchery-Reared Lake Trout from Lake Superior,'' by Howard J, Buettner, article, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 90, no. 4, 1961, pp. 404-412, printed. Secretary, American Fisheries Society, P.O. Box 483, McLean, Va. LAMPREY: "Colorimetric Determination of Halogenated Nitro- phenols Added to Streams as Sea Lamprey Larvi- cides,'' by M.A. Smith, V.C. Applegate, and B.G.H. Johnson article, Analytical Chemistry, vol, 32,1960, pp. 1670-1675, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St., NW., Washington 6, D.C. LAWS AND REGULATIONS: Synopsis of Oregon Boating Laws and Regulations, 23 pp., printed. Sreton State Marine Bone Salem 10, Oreg., February 1, 1961. Outlines the boating laws and regulations of the State of Oregon for the purpose of making the waters safer for boaters and other users. Includes information regarding registration, duties of State Marine Board and dispositon of fees, equipment requirements, and general information on lights and equipment. Also includes information on rules of right of way, illegal operation, local regu- lations, law enforcement, and related information, LOUISIANA: An Ecological Survey of Factors Affecting Fish Pro- duction in Louisiana Waters, by Donald W. Geagan and Thomas D, Allen, Dingell-Johnson Project F-6-R Louisiana, 100 pp., printed. Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Commission, Fisheries Section, Wild Life and Fisheries Bldg., 400 Royal St., New Orleans 16, La., 1960. MACKEREL: "Consideraciones acerca del crecimiento de la Cabal- la (Scomber scombrus L.)" (Considerations on the Growth of Mackerel, Scomber scombrus L, in the Spanish Mediterranean) by Cc. Bas, article, Investi- acion Pesquera, vol. 16, 1960, pp. 33-90, illus., printed in Spanish with English summary. Investiga- cion Pesquera, University of Barcelona, Spain. MARINE SCIENCES: Marine Sciences Instrumentation, by Roy D, Gaul and others, vol. 1, 354 pp., illus., printed, $12.50. Plenum Press, 227 W. 17th St., New York 11, N.Y. Collection of instrumentation papers presented at the Marine Sciences Conference, 1961, at Woods Hole, Mass. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 135 MENHADEN: "Fecundity and Reproduction in the Large-scale Men- haden, Brevoortia patronus Goode," by Royal D. Sutt- kus and I, Bangalore, article, Tulane Studies in Zool- By: vol. 8, no. 6, 1961, pp. 177-182, printed. Tulane tudies in Zoology, Tulane University, New Orleans 18, La, MICROBIOLOGY: "Badania mikrobiologiczne ryb w toku manipulacyjnym" (Microbiological Analysis of Fish During Processing), by S. Niewolak, article, Zeszyty Naukowe Wyzszej Szkoly Rolniczej w Olsztynie, vol. 10, no. 84, 1960, pp. 1-21, printed in Polish with English and Russian summaries. Wydawnictwo WSR w Olsztynie, Olsztyn, Poland, MORTALITY OF FISH: "Studies on Estimation of Mortalities. 1--Comparison of a Method Described by Beverton and Holt and a New Linear Formula," by J.E, Paloheimo, article, Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 15, no. 5, 1961, pp. 645-662, printed, Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. MUSSELS: "Ensayo Sobre el Efecto de la Luz en el Ritmo de Cre- cimiento del Mejillon (Mytilus edulis) en la Ria de Vigo" (Experiments to Determine the Effect of Light on the Rate of Growth of Mussels, Mytilus edulis, in the Estuary of Vigo), by B. Andreu, article, Boletin de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, vol. 58, no, 2, 1960, pp. o17-336. illus. printed in Spanish with English summary. Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, Paseo de la Castellana 84, Madrid, Spain, NAVIGATION: Rules of the Road, Great Lakes, CG-172, 66 pp., print- ed. U.S, Coast Guard, Treasury Department, Wash- ington 25, D.C., May 1, 1959, Contains navigation requirements which must be followed by vessels nav- igating upon the Great Lakes and their connecting and tributary waters. Related laws and regulations af- fecting navigation on the Great Lakes under the cog- nizance of the Coast Guard, as well as certain perti- nent general regulations of the Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army, are also included. Rules of the Road, International-Inland, CG-169, 93 pp., printed. U.S, Coast Guard, Treasury Department, Washington 25, D.C., May 1, 1959, Contains the amended international Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea, 1948, which are to be followed by all public and private vessels and seaplanes of the United States while navigating upon the high seas and the rules to prevent collisions to be followedby all vessels while navigating upon certain inland waters of the United States. Related laws andregulations affecting naviga- tion in coastal inland waters under the cognizance of the Coast Guard are also included. Rules of the Road, Western Rivers, CG-184, 62 pp., printed. U.S. Coast Guard, Treasury Department, Washington 25, D.C., May 1, 1959. Contains the nav- gation requirements which must be followed by all public and private vessels while navigating on the western rivers. Related laws and regulations are also included, NORTH DAKOTA: Evaluation of Commercial Fishing by Use of a Ques - tionaire, by Louis H. Carufel, 4 pp., illus., printed. 136 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. (Reprinted from The Progressive Fish-Culturist, vol. 22, no. 4, October 1960, pp. 181-184.) North Dakota Game and Fish Department, Bismarck, N.D. Results of a survey initiated in 1953 of the fishery in the Missouri and Yellowstone Rivers, The survey was initiated at that time in order to secure infor- mation before river habitat was lost as a result of the construction of Garrison Dam, Information was compiled regarding commercial utilization, including a comparison of the catches made with various types of gear and a tabulationof the poundage of fish taken. NUTRITIVE VALUE: "Fish and Unavailable Iron," article, Nutrition Re- views, vol. 19, 1961, pp. 143-144, printed. The Nu- trition Foundation, Inc., 99 Park Ave., New York 16, N.Y. OYSTERS: Gametogenesis and Spawning of the European Oyster, OF EDULIS, in Waters of Maine, by V.L. Loosanoff, 9 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Biological Bulletin, vol. 122, no. 1, February 1962, pp. 86- 94.) U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Biolog- cal Laboratory, Milford, Conn. Survival and Growth of Larvae of the European Oys- ter, O, EDULIS, at Lowered Salinities, by fee, Davis and Alan D, Ansell, 7 pp., illus., printed. (Re- printed from Biological Bulletin, vol, 122, no. 1, February 1962, pp. 33-39.) U.S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries, Biological Laboratory, Milford, Conn, PACIFIC NORTHWEST: Common Seashore Life of the Pacific Northwest, by Lynwood Smith, 66 pp., illus., printed, $3.25; paper, $1.75. Naturegraph Co, and Naturegames Publish- ers, 8339 W. Dry Creek Rd., Healdsburg, Calif. Guide to common and conspicuous beach life; de- scribes habits and characteristics. PELAGIC FISH: Banded Color Phases of Two Pelagic Fishes, Cory- phaena hippurus and Katsuwonus pelamis," by Don- ald W. Strasburg and John C. Marr, article, Copeia, no, 2, 1961, pp. 226-228, printed. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, Calif, PHOTOGRAPHY: A Technique for Direct Photography of Translucent Objects, by Andrew J. McErlean and Ronald C. Phil- lips, Contribution No, 57, 2 pp., illus., printed. (Re- printed from Transactions of the American Fisher - ies Society, vol. 90, no, 4, October 1961, pp. 500- 501.) Florida State Board of Conservation Marine Laboratory, St. Petersburg, Fla, PIKE: "Propagation of Northern Pike,'' by Laurence E. Hiner, article, Transactions of the American Fish- eries Society, vol. 90, no, 3, 1961, pp. 298-302, printed. Secretary, American Fisheries Society, P.O. Box, 483, McLean, Va. PIKE-PERCH: "O Rybokhozyaistvennom Znachenii Sudaka v Sev - ernykh Ozerakh" (The Importance for the Fish In- dustry of the Pike-Perch in Northern Lakes), by COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 9 WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE L.A. Kuderskii, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 5, 1960, pp. 15-17, printed in Russian. VNIRO Glav- niproekta, pri Gosplanie SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. PLANKTON: "Continuous Plankton Records Contributions Towards a Plankton Atlas of the North-Eastern Atlantic and the North Sea," by J.M. Colebrook, R.S. Glover, and G.A, Robinson, article, Bulletins of Marine Ecology, vol, 5, no. 42, 1961, pp. 65-111, illus., printed. Scot- tish Marine Biological Assoc,, Oceanographic Lab- oratory, 7 Craighall Rd., Edinburg 6, Scotland, "Measurements of Primary Production in Coastal Sea Water Using a Large-Volume Plastic Sphere," by C.D. McAllister and others, article, Limnology and Oceanography, vol. 6, no. 3, 1961, pp. 237-258, print- ed. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass. "A Modification of the Small Hardy Plankton Sampler for Simultaneous High-Speed Plankton Hauls,"’ by David Miller, article, Bulletins of Marine Ecology, vol. 5, no, 45, 1961, pp. 165-172. Scottish Marine Biological Assoc., Oceanographic Laboratory, 7 Craighall Rd., Edinburg 6, Scotland. "The Multi-Depth Plankton Indicator,'' by R.S, Glover, article, Bulletins of Marine Ecology, vol. 5, no. 44, 1961, pp. 151-164, printed. Scottish Marine Biologi- cal Assoc., Oceanographic Laboratory, 7 Craighall Rd., Edinburg 6, Scotland. POTOMAC RIVER: Economic Base Survey of the Potomac River Service Area, 100 pp., illus., printed, 55 cents, Office of Business Economics, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., 1961. (For sale by the Superin- tendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Of- fice, Washington 25, D.C.) PURSE SEINING: "Novyi sposob raboty koshel'kovym nevodom" (New Method of Purse Seining), by II, Kul'batskii, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol, 36, no, 8, 1960, pp. 46-48, illus., printed in Russian. VNIRO Glavniproekta, Pri Gosplanie SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. QUALITY: "Improvement in Keeping Quality of Fish: Effect of Temperature on Freshness," article, 1960 Annual Report, Torry Research Station, p. 6, printed, Tor- ry Research Station, Aberdeen, Scotland, 1961. "Improvement in Keeping Quality of Fish: Quality of Fish Reaching the Consumer," article, 1960 Annual Report, Torry Research Station, pp. 14-15, printed, Torry Research Station, Aberdeen, Scotland, 1961, REFRIGERATED SEA WATER: Storage and Transport of Fish in Refri erated Sea Wa- ter, by S.W. Roach, J.S.M. Harrison, and H,L.A, Tarr, Bulletin No. 126, 68 pp., illus., printed, 75 cents. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 1961, (Available from Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada.) Describes the refrigerated sea-water method of holding chilled fish, Discusses the engineering aspects of freezing fish; the refrigeration theory; structural require- September 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 137 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE ments and materials used in tanks, condensers, evaporators, pumps, and piping; practical applica- tion of the method in different fisheries; physical and chemical changes in fish in ice water; bacteri- ological spoilage and its control, Also includes two illustrated appendices entitled ''Experiments on the Storage of Canadian Atlantic Coast Cod in Refrig- erated Sea Water,'' by W.A. MacCallum and M.S, Chan; and ''Chilled Water for the Preservation of Freshwater Fish," by A. W. Lantz. REFRIGERATION: "Cooling and Pre-Storage of Sardines on Board Fish- ing Boats,'' by Y. LeBerre, article, Science Peche, no. 91, March 1961, pp. 1-5, printed in French. L'Institut Scientifique et Technique des Peches Maritimes, 59 Avenue Raymond-Poincare, Paris 16°, France. Fish Room Insulation and Refrigeration--Some Ex- periences on a Modern Trawler, by J.J. Waterman, Torry Research Report No. 2, 2 pp., printed. Tor- ry Research Station, Aberdeen, Scotland, 1961, Holod na Sudah Rybnoj Promyslennosti (Refrigeration on Board Fishing Boats), by E.G. Pavlov, 2nd edi- tion, 296 pp., illus., printed in Russian, lr, 06k, (about US$1.20). Piscepromizdat, Mruzooskii, Prospekt No. 1, Moscow, U.S.S.R., 1961. "Refrigerated Brine Storage,'' article, Modern Re- frigeration, vol, 64, no, 761, August 1961, p. 824, illus., printed, Refrigeration Press Ltd., Maclaren House, 131 Great Suffolk St., London SE1, England. "Refrigeration in Fishing Vessels," by G.C. Eddie, article, World Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning, vol, 12, no. 9, September 1961, pp. 34-41, 44, print- ed. Technical Productions Ltd., 140 Cromwell Rd., London SW7, England, SALMON: "Body-Scale Relationships in Landlocked Salmon, Salmo salar,'' by Kendall Warner and Keith Havey, article, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 90, no. 4, 1961, pp. 457-461, printed. Secretary, American Fisheries Society, P.O. Box 483, McLean, Va. "Gorbusha v Basseinakh Barentseva i Belogo Morei" (Pink Salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, in the Ba- sins of the Barents and White Seas), by E.G, Kos- sov, M.S. Lazarev, and L.V. Polikashin, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 8, 1960, pp, 20-25, printed in Russian. VNIRO Glavniproekta, pri Gosplanie SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. "On the Growth Rate of Catchable Salmon in Offshore Waters,'' by Kisaburo Taguchi, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Japanese Fisheries, vol. 27, no, 7, 1961, pp. 637-644, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-Chome, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan, "The Hydrodynamical Performance of Migratory Salmon," by M.F.M. Osborne, article, Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 38, no, 2, 1961, pp. 365- 390, printed. Cambridge University Press, 200 Euston Rd., London NW1, England. "Nutrition of Salmonoid Fishes, IX--Carbohydrate Requirements of Chinook Salmon,"' by Donald R, Buhler and John E, Halver, article, Journal of Nu- trition, vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 307-318, printed, Ameri- can Institute of Nutrition, 36th St. at Spruce, Phil- adelphia 4, Pa, "Physiological Changes Occurring in the Blood of the Pacific Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Accom - panying Sexual Maturation and Spawning,” by O.H. Robertson, and others, article, Endocrinology, vol, 68, no. 5, 1961, pp. 733-746, printed. Endocrinology, Charles C. Thomas, 201-27 E, Lawrence Ave., Springfield, Ill. Salmon Investigations on the Whale River, Ungava, in 1960 and the Development of an Eskimo Fishery for Salmon in Ungava Bay," by G, Power, article, Arctic, vol, 14, no, 2, 1961, pp. 119-120, printed. Arctic Institute, 3485 University St., Montreal 2, Quebec, Canada, "The Seasonal Change of Gonad Weight of Sockeye and Chum Salmon in the North Pacific Ocean, Especially with Reference to Mature and Immature Fish," by pp. 17-34, printed. Hokkaido Regional Fisheries Re- search Laboratory, Yoichi, Hokkaido, Japan. "Use of a Fishwheel in Salmon Research and Manage - ment,'' by William R. Meehan, article, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol, 90, no. 4, 1961, pp. 490-494, printed. Secretary, American Fisheries Society, P.O. Box 483, McLean, Va. "Vyrashchivanie Molodi Baltiiskogo Lososya'' (Rear- ing the Young of the Baltic Salmon), by F.S. Ivlev, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 2, 1960, pp. 12- 16, printed. VNIRO Glavniproekta, pri Gosplanie SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. SANITATION: Fish Sanitation, 25 pp., processed. Los Angeles City Health Department, Los Angeles, Calif., revised 1961, SARDINES: "As Conservas de Sardinha Marroquinas' (Moroccan Canned Sardines), article, Conservas de Peixe, vol. 17, no. 194, May 1962, pp. 23-24, printed in Portu- guese., Sociedade Astoria, Lda., Requeirao dos Anjos, 68, Lisbon, Portugal. "Dinamica de la pesqueria de sardina de Castellon, Datos de 1958'' (Dynamics of Sardine Fisheries in Castellon--1958 Data), by M.G, Larraneta, J. Lo- pez and P, Suau, article, Investigacion Pesquera, vol, 16, 1960, pp. 113-137, illus., printed in Spanish with English summary. Investigacion Pesquera, University of Barcelona, Spain. SEAWEED: "Demyelination in Lambs from Ewes which Feed on Seaweeds,'' by H. Palsson and H. Grimsson, article, Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine, vol. 83, 1953, pp. 518-520, illus., ‘printed. Society for the Experimental Biology and Medicine, 104 Liberty St., Utica, N.Y. 138 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol, 24, 1962 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE SHAD: "Reduced Oxygen Tolerance and Toxicity of Petrole- um Products to Juvenile American Shad," by Mar- lin E, Tagatz, article, Chesapeake Science, vol, 2, nos, 1-2, 1961, pp. 65-71, printed, Department of Research and Education, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, Md, SHRIMP: Maturation and Spawning of the Pink Shrimp, PENA- EUS DUORARUM Burkenroad, by William C. Cum- mings, Contribution No, 328, 7 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Transactions of the American Fish- eries Society, vol. 90, no. 4, October 1961, pp. 462- 468.) Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami, Miami, Fla. SPAWNING: "The Enigma of Georges Bank Spawning,'' by John B. Colton, Jr, and Robert F. Temple, article, Limnolo- and Oceanography, vol. 6, no. 3, 1961, pp. 280- 291, printed. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass. "Nerestovye Skopleniya Promyslovykh Ryb v Raione Severnykh Kuril'skikh Ostrovov i Yuzhnoi Kamchatki" (Congregation for Spawning of Commercial Fish in the Region of the Northern Kurile Islands and South- ern Kamchatka), by V.A. Mukhacheva, article, Trud Instituta Okeanologist Akademiia Nauk, SSSR, vol. 38, 1959, pp. 259-274, printed in Russian. Izdatel'stvo Akademii, Nauk SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. SPINY LOBSTER: "Une Etude Bresilienne sur les Resultats de la Peche a la Langouste du Gotte et du Lonk- Ael" (A Brazilian Microbial Analysis of Frozen Raw and Cooked Shrimp. I--General Results,'' by G.J. Silverman, and others, article, Food Technology, vol. 15, no. 11, Novem- ber 1961, pp. 455-458, illus., printed. Institute of Food Technologists, The Garrard Press, 510 No. Hickory St., Champaign, Ill. SMELT: "Food of the American Smelt in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron," by William G. Gordon, article, Transac- tions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 90, no. 4, 1961, pp. 439-443, illus., printed. Secretary, American Fisheries Society, P.O. Box 483, McLean, Va. "Osobennosti Dinamiki Chislennosti ryb s Korotkim Zhiznennym Tsiklom na Primere Snetka'' (Char- acteristics of the Changes in the Numbers of Fish with a Short Life Cycle, with the Example of Smelt), by Yu E, Lapin, article, Zoologicheski Zhurnal, vol, 39, no. 9, 1960, pp. 1371-1383, printed in Russian. Redaktsiia Zoologicheskogo Zhurnala, Podsosenskii per. d. 21, Moscow, B-64, U.S.S.R. SOUTH PACIFIC: "SPC Fisheries Programme Re-Shaped," article, South Pacific Bulletin, vol, 12, no, 2, April 1962, pp. 18-19, 21, illus., printed, South Pacific Commission, Box 5254, G,P.O., Sydney, Australia. Discusses a fisheries technical meeting held in Noumea from February 5-13, 1962, to study and reshape the South Pacific Commission's program for developing fish- eries in the region, Discusses progress made in the Study on the Results of Spiny Lobster Fishing by the Gotte and the Lonk- Ael), article, La Peche Maritime, vol, 41, no, 1010, May 1962, pp. 302-305, illus., printed in French, La Peche Maritime, 190 Boule- vard Haussmann, Paris, France, STRIPED BASS: "Age, Growth, and Movements of the Striped Bass, Roccus saxatilis, Taken in Size Selective Fishing Gear in Maryland," by Romeo J. Mansueti, article, Chesapeake Science, vol. 2, nos. 1-2, 1961, pp. 9- 36, printed, Department of Research and Education, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, Md. "Contributions to the Study of Chesapeake Bay Striped Bass,'' by James E. Sykes, article, Chesapeake Sci- ence, vol, 2, nos, 1-2, 1961, pp. 1-2, printed. De- partment of Research and Education, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, Md. TAGGING: "Detection of Incomplete Reporting of Tags,'' by Gerald J. Paulik, article, Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 18, no, 5, 1961, pp. 817-832, printed. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. TEMPERATURE-DEPTH RECORDER: "New Sea Temperature Measuring Devices," by P.G, Booker, article, Journal du Conseil, vol, 26, no, 2, 1961, pp. 133-147, printed. Conseil Permanent pour past ten years, ways of expanding shell resources, problems involved in the handling and processing of fish, and design and construction of fishing boats. l'Exploration de la Mer, Charlottenlund Slot, Denmark. TIDE TABLES: Tide Tables 1962--East Coast of North and South SPAIN: "Importancia de la Industria Reductora" (Importance of the Reduction Industry), by J.M, Casal Lopez- Valeiras, article, Boletin de Informacion, no. 41, February 1962, pp. 11-14, printed in Spanish, Sinda- cato Nacional de la Pesca, 18-20 Paseodel Prado, Madrid, Spain. "Ley Sobre Renovacion y Proteccion de la Flota Pes- quera"' (Law on Renovation and Maintenance of the Fishing Fleet), article, Boletin de Informacion, no, 40, January 1962, pp. 2-5, printed in Spanish. Sindi- cato Nacional de la Pesca, 18-20,Paseo del Prado, Madrid, Spain. America (including Greenland), 283 pp., printed, $1. U.S. Department of Commerce, Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington 25, D.C., 1961. Contains full daily tide predictions for 47 reference stations and differences for approximately 2,000 stations in North and South America. Contains also a table for obtain- ing the approximate height of the tide at any time, a table of local mean time of sunrise and sunset for every fifth day of the year for different latitudes, a table for the reduction of local mean time to stand- ard time, a table of moonrise and moonset for 8 places, and a table of the Greenwich meantime of the moon's phases, apogee, perigee, greatest northand south and zero declination, and the time of the solar equinoxes and solstices, September 1962 Tide Tables 1962--Europe and West Coast of Africa Including Mediterranean Sea, 209 pp., printed, $1. U.S. Department of Commerce, Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington 25, D.C., 1961. TILAPIA: "The Food of Tilapia nilotica in Ponds of the Fish Culture Research Station at Dor,'"' by A, Yashouv and J, Chervinski, article, Bamidgeh, vol. 13, no. 2, 1961, pp. 33-39, printed. Department of Fisher- ies and Fish Breeders! Association, Nir-David, D.N., Hakirya, Israel. TOXICITY: "Acute Toxicity of Some Organic Insecticides to Three Species of Salmonids and to the Three-Spine Stickle- back," by Max Katz, article, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 90, no, 3, 1961, pp. 264-268, printed. Secretary, American Fisher- ies Society, P.O. Box 483, McLean, Va. "The Effects of Pulp and Paper Mill Wastes on Aquat- ic Habitat Requirements,'' by W.M.V. Horn, article, Pulp and Paper Magazine of Canada, pp. 61, T. 67-T. 69, and T. 80, printed. Pulp and Paper Magazine of Canada, National Business Publications, Ltd., Gar- denvale, Quebec, Canada, 1960. "A Note on the Toxicity of Insecticides to Aquatic Fauna, by A. Maher Ali, and others, Biological Abstracts, vol. 36, no. 21, 1961, abst. no, 70941, printed. University of Pennsylvania, 3815 Walnut St., Philadelphia 4, Pa. "The Toxicity of Certain Weed Killers to Trout," by J.S. Alabaster, article, Proceedings 3rd British Weed Control Conference, pp. 807-808, printed. British Weed Control Council, Cecil Chambers, 86 Strand, London WC2, England, 1956, "Toxicity of Weed Killers, Algicides and Fungicides to Trout," by J.S, Alabaster, article, Proceedings 4th British Weed Control Conference, 2 pp., printed, British Weed Control Council, Cecil Chambers, 86 Strand, London WC2, England, 1960. TRADE LISTS: The Bureau of International Business Operations, U.S. Department of Commerce has published the following mimeographed trade list. Copies may be obtained by firms in the United States from the Commercial Intelligence Division, Office of Trade Promotion, Bureau of Foreign Commerce, Washing- ton 25, D,C., or from Department of Commerce field offices at $1 each, Canneries and Frozen Foods--Producers and Export ers--Australia, 10 pp., May 1962. Lists names an addresses, size of firms, and types of products (in- cluding fish and shellfish handled by each firm. TRANSFER OF FISH AT SEA: A Preliminary Report on Experiments on the Trans- fer of Fish at Sea, by G. C. Eddie and J.J. Water- — man, Torry Research Report No. 3,5 pp., printed. Torry Research Station, Aberdeen, Scotland, 1961. TRANSPORTING FISH: "Estestvennaja Ubyl Mjasa i Ryby pri Zeleznodoroznyh Perevozkah'' (The Loss of Weight of Meat and Fish in Railroad Transportation), by O.M. Visockaja, S, I. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 139 Gakicko, and G.S, Konokotin, article, Kholodil'naia Tekhnika, no. 4, 1961, pp. 48-50, illus., printed in Russian. Four Continent Book Corp., 822 Broadway, New York 3, N.Y. TRAWLERS: "Forste Norskbydge hekktraler levert fra Aukra Bruk" (First Stern Trawler Built in Norway Delivered by Aukra Bruk), article, Skibsfart, vol. 34, no. 10, 1960, p. 265, illus., printed in Norwegian. Selvigs Forlag, 8 Raghusgaten, Oslo, Norway. "The 941-Ton Stern Trawler Munchen," article, Ship- building and Shipping Record, vol. 97, no. 18, 1961, pp. 971-572, illus., printed, Tothill Press Ltd., 33 Tothill Rd., Westminister, London SW1, England. TRAWL NETS: "O proektirovanii donnykn tralov dlia malykh i sred- nikh traulerov'' (Designing Bottom-Trawl Nets for Small and Medium Trawlers), by N.N. Vinogradov, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 36, no, 9, 1960, pp. 43-53, illus., printed in Russian, VNIRO Glav- niproekta, pri Gosplanie SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. TUNA: "Consideraciones sobre la Biologia del Atun, Thunnus thynnus (L.), de Barbate--Costa Sudatlantica de Espana" (Considerations on the Biology of Thunnus thynnus (L.) from Barbate--South Atlantic Coast of of Spain), by Julio Rodriguez-Roda. Biological Ab- stracts, vol. 36, no, 22, abst. no. 78603, 1961, print- ed. University of Pennsylvania, 3815 Walnut St., Philadelphia 4, Pa, "Diving Behavior of Hawaiian Skipjack Tuna," by Don- ald W. Strasburg, article, Journal du Conseil, vol. 26, no. 2, 1961, pp. 223-229, printed. Conseil Per- manent International pour 1'Exploration de la Mer, Charlottenlund Slot, Denmark. "Sul Regime Alimentare di Thunnus thynnus (LD! (The Alimentary System of the Tuna, Thunnus thyn - nus--L.), by Sebastiano Genovese, article, Bollettino di Pesca, Piscicoltura e Idrobiologia, vol. 15, no. 2, January-December 1960, pp. 177-189, printed in Italian with English summary. Laboratorio Centrale di Idrobiologia, Piazza Borghese, 91, Rome, Italy. "Seasonal Variation of Swimming Layer of Yellowfin Tuna by Area of Different Currents in Mid-Western and Southwestern Parts of the Pacific Ocean," by Jun Nakagome, article, Bulletin of the Japanese So- ciety of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 27, no. 4, 1961, pp. 302-306, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fish- eries, 6-Chome, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan, U.S.S.R.: 'Metod Otnositel'noi Otsenki Sostoyaniya Zapasa i Prognozirovaniya Ozhidaemogo Ulova ryb s Korotkim Zhiznennym Tsiklom" (A Method for Relative Evalua- tion of the Condition of the Stock and Prediction of the Expected Catch of Fish Having a Short Life Cycle), by Lyudiya Ivanov, article, Voprosy Ikhtiologii, vol. 14, 1960, pp. 160-165, printed in Russian, Voprosy Ikhtiologii, Akademiia Nauk, Moscow, U.S.S.R. "Iz Opyta Raboty Nauchnykh Sovetov po Vazhneishim Problemam--O Deyatel' Nosti Ikhtiologicheskoi 140 Komissii'’ (The Practical Experience of the Scien- tific Councils in our Most Important Problems--On the Activities of the Ichthyological Commission), by E.N. Pavlovskii and G.V. Nikol'skii, article, Vestnik Akademii Nauk. SSSR, vol. 29, no. 7, 1959, pp. 39-42, printed in Russian. Vestnik Akademii Nauk. SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. "O Rybnom Khozyaistve Srednego i Verkhnego Amura v Svyazi s Namechaemym Gidrostroitel'stvom" (The Fish Industry of the Middle and Upper Amur in Relation to Hydro-Construction Plans), by G.V. Nikol'skii, B.V. Verigin, and O.N. Klyuchareva, article, Zoologicheski Zhurnal, vol. 39, no. 3, 1960, pp. 407-416, printed, Redaktsiia Zoologicheskogo Zhurnala, Podsosenskii per. d. 21, Moscow, B-64, U.S.S.R. "VNIRO--the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Sea Fishery and Oceanography," by P.A. Moiseev, article, NLL Translations Bulletin, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 94-108, printed. (Translated from the Russian Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, no, 7, 1960, pp. 8-14.) National Lending Library for Science and Technology, Boston SPA, Yorkshire, England, VESSELS: "Fishery Research Vessel Clione," article, Ship and Boat Builder, vol, 14, no, 5, 1961, pp. 40-42, illus., printed, John Trundell Ltd., St. Richards House, Eversholt St., London NW1, England, Rules and Regulations for the Numbering of Undocu- mented Vessels and the Reporting of Boating Acci- dents, CG 267, 36 pp., printed. U.S. Coast Guard, Treasury Department, Washington 25, D.C., July 1, 1961, Contains the requirements for the identifica - tion of certain undocumented vessels required to be numbered by the U.S. Coast Guard, Also contains the rules and regulations prescribed under the Fed- eral Boating Act of 1958 and the Act of April 25, 1940, as amended, which set forth requirements for boating accident reports, statistical information, and Coast Guard procedures. Rules and Regulations for Uninspected Vessels, CG- 258, 41 pp., printed. U.S, Coast Guard, Treasury Department, Washington 25, D.C., September 1, 1961. A pamphlet for owners and operators of motorboats and other vessels not otherwise required to be in- spected under the navigation and vessel inspection laws. VISION OF FISH: "Cercetari Asupra Sensibilitatii Vizuale a Citorva Pesti din Marea Neagra'' (Research on the Visual Sensitivity of Some Fish of the Black Sea), by Eugen A. Pora and others. Biological Abstracts, vol. 36, no, 19, 1961, abst. no, 62797, illus., printed. Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, 3815 Walnut St., Philadel- phia 4, Pa, WATER POLLUTION: "Determination of Sea-Water Pollution, III--A Stand- ard of Pollution Caused by City Waste," by Hitoshi Morooka, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 27, no, 3, 1961, pp. 220- 224, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisher- ies, 6-Chome, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol, 24, No. 9 "Fertilizers and Insecticides as Causes of Damage to Waters,'' by E. Weber, article, Wasser und Abwasser, pp. 52-61, printed. Wasser und Abwasser (Bunde- saustalt feur Wasserbiologie und Abwasser For- schung), Vienna, Austria, 1959. "Investigations on the Effect of Sulphate Cellulose Waste Waters on the Life of Fish," by E. Marczek, and J. Zielinski, article, Przeglad Papierniczy, vol. 14, 1958, pp. 33-41, printed. Ekspozytura Czasop- ism Techniczyd., Ulica Piotrkowska, 133, Lodz, Poland. "Use of Electrophoretic Serum Separation in Fish Studies," by M. Fujiya, article, Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation, vol. 33, 1961, pp. 250- 257, printed. Water Pollution Control Federation, Prince and Lemon Sts., Lancaster, Pa. "The Use of the Sediment Bottle Collector for Moni- toring Polluted Marine Waters,'' by Donald J. Reish, article, California Fish and Game, vol. 47, no. 3, 1961, pp. 261-272, printed. California Department of Fish and Game, 987 Jedsmith Dr., Sacramento TORCalit. WATER SAMPLER: "An Easily-Assembled Water Sampler," by Troy C. Dorris and John L, Butler, article, Turtox News, vol. 39, no. 4, 1961, pp. 108-109, printed. General Biological Supply House, Inc., 8200 S. Hoyne Ave., Chicago, Ill. WEATHER CHARTS: Coastal Warning Facilities Chart, Morgan City, La. to Brownsville, Texas, 1962, 2 pp., processed, 10 cents, 1962. (For sale by the Superintendent of Doc- ments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.) Weather Bureau, U.S, Department of Com- merce, Washington 25, D.C, WHITEFISH: "Food and Distribution of Lake Whitefish in Lac la Ronge, Saskatchewan," by S.U. Qadri, article, Trans- no, 3, 1961, pp. 303-307, printed. Secretary, Ameri- can Fisheries Society, P.O. Box 483, McLean, Va. YELLOWPIKE: "Recent Changes in the Walleye Fishery of Northern Green Bay and History of the 1943 Year Class,'' by Richard L, Pycha, article, Transactions of the Ameri- can Fisheries Society, vol. 90, no. 4, 1961, pp. 475- 488, printed, Secretary, American Fisheries Society, P, O, Box 483, McLean, Va. YELLOWTAIL: "Migratory Habitude of the Young Yellowtail Based on Tagging Experiments,'' by Shumpei Kojima, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisher - ies, vol. 27, no. 4, 1961, pp. 291-295, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-Chome, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. ZOOPLANKTON: "K Voprosu o Vertikal'nykh Gruppirovkakh Morskogo Zooplanktona"' (The Question of the Vertical Class- ification of Marine Zooplankton), by M.E, Vonogradov. Biological Abstracts, vol, 36, no, 19, 1961, abst. no, 62861, printed, University of Pennsylvania, 3815 Walnut St., Philadelphia 4, Pa. wae ot Bella ey irene hk able) apd + jive ay n A , f A ? AV i Ali > D th F re) pit i it ey yl Wats h i NATIONAL FISH 'n SEAFOOD PARADE--OCTOBER 1962 In order to encourage the greater use of fish and shellfish products, this year's Fish 'n Seafood Parade will extend throughout the month of October. This is the Fishing Industry's eighth annualall-out promotion. Extensive advertising over radio, television, newspapers, and national magazines will point outto the consumer that fishery products are healthful and good eating. Three thousand food store executives have been alerted to the campaign. Because of the importance of lemons in the serving of seafoods, the promotion is being actively supported by the Sunkist Growers of California. National and local publicity will concentrate on consumers, reStaurants, and institutions. At the retail level, a poster 38''x 25" willfeature the ''sail- or boy on the fish''--the image which identifies the Annual Fish 'n Seafood Parade. ye A new feature of the promotion is the Seafood Plate Contest for the huge institutional food service industry. The contest will create new interest in fishery products and give chefs an opportunity to show their skill--and wina prize. The contest, which ’ = = runs from September 1 through October 31,has attracted special support and will be nationally advertised by fishery asso- ciations. Contestinformationis even be- ing packed and distributed with institution- alfish packs. Additional prizes are being offeredby severalfirms. The contest will cover three categories: (1) pre-cut fish portions; (2) fillets, steaks, and other fish; and (3) shellfish. As its contribution to "ish 'n Seafood Parade,'' the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries nationally dis- tributed consumer educational materials to newspaper editors and other food pub- licists, public and private schools partic- ipating in the National School Lunch Pro- gram, restaurants, public and private in- stitutions, in-plant feeders, andthe retail food trade. Black and white food photo- : Me : 4 : | graphs were supplied to newspaper food columnists. in AEG ou: the Bunea Boected radio stations throughout the country to request the use of the Bureau's new public service spot announcements and the continued use of previous recorded announcements. Bureauhome economists and marketing specialist made personal ap- pearances on radio and television food shows throughout the country. Past experience shows that each new Parade is more effective thanthe last. The 1962 pro- motion is on its way to be the best ever. SH // AF FES X Fish COMMERCIAL BEUIEL FISHERIES fue e ce be i pete, one, Se ae en pg ie . a gh oa pn ¥ e atv Bg A BE es VOL. 24, NO. 10 OCTOBER 1962 FISH and WILDLIFE SERVICE United States Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. UNITED STATES BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD L. MCKERNAN, DIRECTOR STEWART L. UDALL, SECRETARY DIVISION OF RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE RALPH C. BAKER, CHIEF CLARENCE F. PAUTZKE, COMMISSIONER A review of developments and news of the fishery industries prepared in the BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES. Joseph Pileggi, Editor Address correspondence and requests to the: Chief, Branch of Market News, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U. S. Department of the Interior, Washington 25, D. C. Publication of material from sources outside the Bureau is not an endorsement. The Bureau is not responsible for the accuracy of facts, views, or opinions contained in material from outside sources. Although the contents of the publication have not been copyrighted and may be reprinted freely, reference to the source is appreciated. Use of funds for printing this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, May 10, 1960. 5/31/63 CONTENTS COVER: A representative sample of tagged sea scallops (Placo- pecten magellanicus) from Maine's inshore scallop fishery. These are found at the bottom of estuaries and embayments from the Piscataqua River between Maine and New Hampshire. Concen- trations of commercial importance are limited to the area from Penobscot Bay eastward. Page 1 ..A Method of Predicting Fluctuations in the Sea Scallop Populations of Maine, by Robert L. Dow 5 . .Accuracy of Net-Weight Determinations for Frozen Glazed Halibut Steaks, by Max Patashnik Page Page TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS: TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): California: Great Lakes Fishery Investigations (Contd.): 9 .. Spiny Lobster Regulations and Shrimp Trawl- 18 .. Lake Michigan Fish Population Survey Con- ing Quotas Changed tinued 9 .. Growth Studies and Abundance of Market 18 .. Lake Erie Fish Population Survey Continued Crabs Investigated Gulf Exploratory Fishery Program: 10 .. Midwater Trawling for Salmon Fingerlings 19 .. Northern Gulf of Mexico Exploration for Continued Potentially-Valuable Deep-Water Species ll .. Pelagic Fish Population Survey Continued ZO peas Good Royal-Red Shrimp Catches by Research 12 .. Cans--Shipments for Fishery Products, Jan- Vessel uary-June 1962 Gulf Fishery Investigations: Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations: 21 .. Shrimp Distribution Studies 12... Skipjack Tuna Subpopulation Identification Industrial Fishery Products: Studies 22 .. Menhaden Oil Stimulates Growth of Chicks Fish Farming: 22... Fish Solubles Stimulate Growth of Chicks 13... Construction of Facilities 22 .. U.S. Fish Meal and Solubles, Production li3i. . Research and Imports, January-July 1962 Food Congress: Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles: 14... Interior Department Exhibit at Fifth Inter- a stahens U.S. Production, August 1962 national Food Congress 235. U.S. Production, July 1962 Frozen Fish: 24 .. Major Indicators for U.S. Supply, August 15 .. New Mechanized Microwave Oven for Thaw- 1962 ing Frozen Fish Irradiation Preservation: Great Lakes Fisheries Exploration and Gear 25 .. Irradiated Clam Meats Tested for Quality Research: Improvement After Refrigeration 15 .. Trawl Fishing Investigation of Southern Michigan: Lake Michigan PAY es Natural Lake Trout Reproduction Project Great Lakes Fishery Investigations: Completed a 17... Distribution of Lake Trout in Western Lake Mullet: Superior Studied Osiris Development of New Products Contents continued page II. II Page 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 30 31 33 33 34 34 34 35 37 37 38 38 38 39 41 41 42 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 10 CONTENT (CONTINUED) TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Navigable Waters: Dumping Illegal Oceanography: Coast and Geodetic Survey to Participate in International Indian Ocean Expedition Oceanographic Program Developed by Duke University Oregon: Effects of Seismic Explosions on Marine Life Probed Oysters: Long Island Sound Observations on Spawning and Setting as of August 17 Long Island Sound Observations on Spawning and Setting as of August 27 Fungus Parasite That Kills Oysters to be Studied Shrimp: Research Program Expanded United States Shrimp Supply Indicators, Au- gust 1962 South Atlantic Exploratory Fishery Program: Animal Life Explorations off North Carolina Coast United States Fisheries: Commercial Fishery Landings, January- July 1962 U.S. Fishing Vessels: Documentations Issued and Cancelled, Au- gust 1962 U.S. Foreign Trade: Edible Fishery Products, June 1962 Imports of Canned Tuna in Brine Under Quota Airborne Imports of Fishery Products: January-April 1962 January-March 1962 Wholesale Prices: Edible Fish and Shellfish, August 1962 FOREIGN: International: International Pacific Halibut Commission: Pacific Halibut Fishing in Areas 2 and 1 Ended September 8 International North Pacific Fisheries Com- mission: Fishing Problems Discussed at Interim Meeting Central American Common Market: Costa Rica Joins Food and Agriculture Organization: Fisheries Discussed at Sixth Regional Con- ference for the Near East Fishing Methods and Gear Seminar in So- viet Union World Meeting on Tuna Biology Urges Ex- pansion of Tuna Research Sixth Regional Conference for Asia and the Far East Nordic Countries: Closer Fisheries Cooperation UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission: Arabian Sea Phase of Indian Ocean Oceano- graphic Expedition Defined Page 42 43 43 44 56 FOREIGN (Contd.): International (Contd.): Fish Meal: World Production, June 1962 Marine Oils: Estimated World Production and Foreign Trade, 1958-62 Transportation: Selected Ocean Freight Rates for Selected Fishery Products and Byproducts Africa: Common Market Established by Six Nations International Council for the Exploration of the Sea: Fiftieth Statutory Meeting Held in Copen- hagen Australia: Exporter Recommends New Method of Selling Lobster Tails to United States Shrimp Fishery Started in Western Australia New Type Underwater Vehicle for Fishery Research Whale Oil Production Down in 1962 Canada: New Institute of Oceanography Ceylon: Fisheries Development Chad: Fishing Industry of Chad Colombia: Regulations Established on Issuance of Shrimp Fishing Permits Cuba: Japan Exports Fish Meal to Cuba Dahomey: FAO Fishery Officer Assigned to Dahomey Denmark: Fish Fillets and Blocks and Fishery Indus- trial Products Exports: May 1962 June 1962 Ecuador: Japanese Fishing Vessel Based in Ecuador to Fish Tuna and Shrimp Japanese Tuna Vessel Seized El Salvador: Import Duty on United States Canned Salmon and Canned Mackerel Unchanged Ethiopia: Red Sea Fishery Resources not Fully Used France: French Fishermen Protest Imports of Mo- roccan Frozen Sardines Japanese Firms Export Frozen Tuna to France First International ''Fish Fair'' Held Gabon: Status of Fisheries, 1961 Ghana: Soviets Deliver Fishing Vessel to Ghanaian Firm Republic of Hondurus: Shrimp Exports to United States Decline Iceland: Fisheries Trends, Early August 1962 Contents continued page III. October 1962 Pag 57 58 58 58 59 59 59 59 60 60 60 60 61 61 61 62 62 62 63 63 63 63 64 64 65 66 e COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW III CONTENTS (CONTINUED) FOREIGN (Contd.): Japan: Frozen Tuna Exports to United States and Europe, April-July 1962 Value of Frozen and Canned Tuna Exports in First Half of 1962 Ninth Sale of Canned Tuna in Brine for Ex- port to U.S. Expansion of Frozen Tuna Exports to United States Under Study Ex-Vessel Price for Frozen Yellowfin Tuna Drops Tuna Ex-Vessel Prices at Tokyo Costs for Exporting Frozen Tuna to Europe from Japan Proper Atlantic Ocean Tuna Fishery and Prices for Atlantic Frozen Tuna, August 1962 Special Committee Formed to Study Tuna Problems Tuna Fish-Finder Developed Overseas Tuna Bases Trying to Acquire More Vessels Revision of Tuna Vessel Fishing Regulations Planned Tuna Long-Liner Fleet Trends Stern Trawler to Fish for Cod in Northwest Atlantic Trawling in Northwest Atlantic Expected to Start Early in October 1962 Stern Trawler to Fish off West Africa Republic of Korea: Contracts for Loan of $120 Million to Build Fishing Vessels Morocco: Canned Fish Pack and Exports, 1961/62 Season Fishing Limits Extended to 12 Miles Netherlands: Japanese Canned Tuna Prices, Mid-Septem- ber 1962 Nigeria: Fish Catch from Lake Chad Norway: Exports of Canned Fish, January 1-June 23, 1962 Tuna Catch in 1962 Expected to be Less Than in 1961 Peru: Government's New Procedures for Fish Meal Plant Licenses Portugal: Joint Japanese-Portuguese Tuna Venture Proposed South Africa Republic: Pilchard-Maasbanker Fishery, January- June 1962 Pag 66 66 67 67 67 67 68 68 68 69 69 72 72 72 73 79 80 81 82 82 83 84 85 e FOREIGN (Contd.): South-West Africa: Large Order of Canned Fish Sold to Phil- ippines Spain: Bilbao Fisheries Trends, Second Quarter 1962 Tuna Packers Switch to Canning in Oil Tunisia: Yugoslav-Built Fishing Vessels Delivered to Tunisia Wig Sig Sis 18 Soviets Build First Tuna Long-Line Vessel Soviets Design Combination Factoryship- Research Vessel Soviet-Bloc Fishing Activities in North Atlantic Exploratory Fishing off South Atlantic Coast Fishing Activities in Gulf of Alaska "FEDERAL ACTIONS: Civil Service Commission: Fishery and Wildlife Biologists Examination Announced Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Food and Drug Administration: Objections to Standard of Identity for Can- ned Tuna Disallowed Department of the Interior: Commercial Fisheries Bureau Employee Ap- pointed Assistant to Interior's Science Adviser Fish and Wildlife Service: Proposed Regulations for Enforcement of Desist Orders Against Possible Restraint of Trade by Fishery Cooperatives Bureau of Commercial Fisheries: Shellfish Expert Transferred to Pacific Coast Eighty-Seventh Congress (Second Session) FISHERY INDICATORS: Chart 1 - Fishery Landings for Selected States Chart 2 - Landings for Selected Fisheries Chart 3 - Cold-Storage Holdings and Freezings of Fishery Products Chart 4 - Receipts and Cold-Storage Holdings of Fishery Products at Principal Distribution Centers Chart 5 - Fish Meal and Oil Production - U.S. and Alaska . Chart 6 - Canned Packs of Selected Fishery Products Chart 7 - U.S. Fishery Products Imports RECENT FISHERY PUBLICATIONS: Fish and Wildlife Service Publications Miscellaneous Publications CANNED FISHERY PRODUCTS - 1961 C. F. S. No. 2862, Canned Fishery Products - 1961 (An Annual Summary), shows that the pack of canned fishery products in the United States, American Samoa, and Puerto Rico during 1961 amounted to 33 million standard cases (1 billion pounds), valued at $424 milliontothe packers. Compared with 1960, this was a 4-percent decrease in production but an increase of 9 percent in value. PACK OF TUNA AND SALMON, 1941-61 16 Million cases Million cases e———- Tuna pack ee===e Salmon pack The 1961 pack for human consumption was 48 million pounds and $41 million higher than in1960. The gain in both quantity and value was due largely to record packs of tuna and crab meat, and to increased production of canned salmon, mackerel, and oysters. The value of two products--canned salmon and tuna--accounted for 72 percent of the to- tal revenue received by packers of canned fishery products. The packs of Maine and Pacific sardines, shrimp, and animal food were less than in the previous year. Copies of C. F. S. No. 2862 are available free from the Office of Information, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington 25, D. C. ||| October 1962 Washington 25, D. C. Vol. 24, No. 10 A METHOD OF PREDICTING FLUCTUATIONS IN THE SEA SCALLOP POPULATIONS OF MAINE By Robert L. Dow* DISTRIBUTION OF THE RESOURCE The sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) resource of the State of Maine consists of relatively distinct populations occupying the bottom of estuaries and embayments from the Piscataqua River, separating Maine and New Hampshire, eastward to the St. Croix River 4 - which forms the international boundary withthe | Province of New Brunswick. Verticaldistribu- | tionranges from mean low water insome areas to depths of several hundred feet in others. Concentrations of commercial importance are limited to the area from Penobscot Bay eastward. The most extensive populations are those of Penobscot Bay to Mt. Desert Is- land. In recent years landings from that area have ranged from 40 to 90 percent of the to- talinshore catch, Sporadic and generally non- commercial dragging has been carried on in Casco Bay, Sheepscot Bay, and the lower Dam- ariscotta River. THE FISHERY The fishery appears to have had its be- ginning about 1880 but records of landings ne are extant only since 1887 and then with Sev- Fig, 1 - A Penobscot Bay s eral gaps, principally in the 1890's and be- tween the end of World War I and the 1930's. Consecutive annual landings data are limited to the period since 1938. ge Biss callop being attacked by The open season from November 1 through the following March 31 has been inspired by two considerations: (1) the low-water temperatures of the winter make the scallops less ac- tive and, therefore, less able to escape the small inefficient drags used in the fishery, and (2) it provides off-season employment for those fishermen who normally are engaged in oth- er fishing activities during the remainder of the year. Since the catch is reported by calen- dar year, each year's landings include portions of two fishing seasons. Sampling of the catch from 1949 to 1953 and in 1957-58 indicated that toward the end of each fishing season (January-March) an increasing number of scallops that have completed their sixth growing season enter the fishery. By that time the population of older and larger scallops has been so reduced by fishing that fishermen depend upon the new crop for a con- ** Research Directory, Maine Department of Sea and Shore Fisheries, Augusta, Maine. U. S.~ DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE SEPe) INOR 657, 2 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 10 tinuing source of supply. This year-class is fished twice during the calendar year. The Jan- uary-March catch represents some 12 to 15 percent of the landings for the year. Following the seventh growing season the same year-class adds another 13 to 25 percent to the year's catch; the total contribution varying with the relative importance of the year-class to the available population. Landed value for the shucked meats which has ranged from 6 cents in 1887 to 61 cents in 1952, with a median of 25 cents per pound, has continuously attracted intensive commercial activity. LANDINGS AND ABUNDANCE The consistency with which periodic highs have alternated with lows in landings at ap- proximately decade intervals suggests, with whatis known of the fishery, that scallop abun- dance has likewise fluctuated in the inshore growing areas of Maine. Table 1 - Maine Scallop Landings!/, Selected Years 1889-1960 Weight of Meats 1,000 Lbs. 1/Shown are only landings from Maine "inshore waters.'' Not included are Maine landings from offshore waters or Georges Bank in those years when Maine vessels did fish those waters. This assumption has been supported by the biological sampling of M. A. Chrysler (1920) in 1917, and of the Department of Sea and Shore Fisheries from 1949 to 1953 and in 1957-58 which forecasted the general trends landings were to take during immed- iately subsequent years. SEA WATER TEMPERATURE The only data which indicate why these fluctuations have taken place are records of sea water temperature taken at Boothbay Har- bor by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service or its predecessor agencies since March 1905. Since the offspring of any year's spawn- ing--August to October--becomes of major importance to the fishery six years later, it appears from a study of temperature and pro- duction records that an association exists be- tween sea water temperature six years earlier and highs and lows of scallop landings. The values intable 2 suggest an optimum temperature of 46.0° F. to 46,59 F., for peak landings, Less favorable high and low tem- peratures yield the lowest landings. be Fig. 2 - A typical Penobscot Bay scallop drag. Table 2 - Relationship Between Sea Water Temperatures Six” Years Earlier and Highs and Lows in Maine's Scallop Landings Scallop Landings (Meats Only) “ Sea Water Temperature ot fej ote pe wi tiertce: eo ie) Netrie se! ter verte ee eo eee ow October 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 3 4 Fig. 3 - Tagging scallops for growth, mortality, and migration Fig. 4 - Bryozoon attached to adult scallop shell. Juvenile scal- studies. lops in turn attached to Bryozoon. Scallop landings for consecutive years are available only since 1938. The 24 years since 1938 were grouped by the amount of landings. Monthly mean sea water temperatures sixyears before were averaged for the corresponding years of landings. It was observed that years of low landings were preceded by extremely highor extremely low mean sea water temperatures. Therefore low landings were grouped according tothe mean temperature six years previously. Table 3 - Mean of Monthly Sea Water Temperatures (°F.) at Boothbay Harbor and Mean Annual Scallop Landings Six Years Later Mean Scallop Landings (Meats) 6 Yrs. Later 1,000 Lbs. 120 500 250 105 The data summarizedin table 3 suggest that seasonal temperatures are more closely re- lated to subsequent yield than are annual means. October-November temperatures appear to be representative of the critical August-December spawning and post-spawning period. March- April temperatures representative of the winter-spring period appear tobe equally important to the association between temperature and relative scallop abundance. This association is shown in table 4, Table 4 - Seasonal Associations Between Temperature and Landings in Maine Temperature Mean of March-April and October-November Years Sea Water Temperature in OF, at Boothbay Harbor 1,000 Lbs. 103 101-105 , 1945 137 131-144 1946, 1954 455 454-456 , 1948 509 507-512 1949, 1950 793 S 387 378-395 319 314-327 1956 219-243 1953, 1955 108-138 1958, 1959, 1961 i 1960 4 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol, 24, No. 10 SUMMARY During the past 80 years the inshore sea scallop fishery in Maine has alternated at about decade intervals between extremes of high and low landings. The financial attractiveness of the resource during the winter when other species are less available, the comparatively re- stricted area occupied by scallops, and biological sampling of the population support the as- sumption that yield is an acceptably reliable index of relative abundance. Trends of sea wa- ter temperature closely parallel declines and increases inthe relative abundance of sea scal- lops as indicated by landings and suggest an optimum range as well as unfavorable high and low temperatures. CONCLUSIONS 1. Sea water temperature is directly related to sea scallop abundance in Maine waters. 2. Optimum spring-fall sea water tem- perature (March-April and October-Novem- ber) ranges from approximately 41.5° F. to 43.50 F, Table 5 - Predicted Probable Annual Yield of the Maine Inshore Sea Scallop Fishery, 1962-1967 March-April and Predicted Scallop Landings October-November Temperature 1,000 Lbs. 360 TO G2 renee 240 Se 1963 eet. 270 Fig. 5 - Juvenile scallops attached by byssus to adult scallop. OA see reste 350 Smaller juvenile (4.5 mm.) is smallest found so attached. TXT SG Gioia 370 Juveniles slightly smaller than this were found attached only to eyeticiie 350 Bryozoa or hydroids. Larger juvenile (9.6 mm.) is approximate - ly largest found attached to scallop shell. 3. If the long-range sea water temperature trend recorded since 1905 continues, it may be anticipated that average annual long-term sea scallop landings from Maine waters will continue to decline. It may be further anticipated that annual scallop landings will average approximately 100,000 pounds by 1980. 4, On the basis of 1956-1961 sea water temperature at Boothbay Harbor, predictions with respect to the probable yield of the Maine inshore sea scallop fishery are shown for the period 1962-1967 in table 5, BIBLIOGRAPHY BAIRD, FREDERICK T., Jr. DOW, ROBERT L. 1953, Observations on the Early Life History of the Giant 1956. The Maine Sea Scallop Fishery. Maine Department of Scallop (Pecten magellanicus). Maine Department Sea and Shore Fisheries, Fisheries Circular No. 19, of Sea and Shore Fisheries, Research Bulletin No. December, 14, August. , and BAIRD, FREDERICK T., Jr. 1954, Migration of the Deep Sea Scallop (Pecten magellani- 1960. Scallop Resource of the United States Passamaquoddy cus), Maine Department of Sea and Shore Fisheries, Area, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Special Fisheries Circular No. 14, January. Scientific Report--Fisheries No. 367, December. LITERATURE CITED CHRYSLER, M. A. 1920. Preliminary Report on Maine Scallop Fishery. Second Biennial Report of the Commission of Sea and Shore Fisheries of the State of Maine. October 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 5 ACCURACY OF NET-WEIGHT DETERMINATIONS FOR FROZEN GLAZED HALIBUT STEAKS By Max Patashnik* ABSTRACT A check was made on the accuracy of the net-weight determination for frozen glazed halibut steaks as ascertained by the method given in the current U. S, Standards for Grades of Frozen Halibut Steaks; and the possibility of simplifying the method was investigated. INTRODUCTION Accurate methods of evaluating quality are essential in developing and applying U. S. Standards for grades of fishery products. Periodically, official methods used in these stand- ards are retested for accuracy and possible improvement. Inquiries into the accuracy of the method for determining net weight of frozen glazed halibut steaks were recently received at the Seattle Technological Laboratory. This method (based on the deglazing of frozen steaks Steaks, March 1959) was accordingly reevaluated. In preparing frozen halibut steaks, the processor usually cuts them from frozen, dressed, glazed whole halibut and glazes the individual steaks with ice by dipping them briefly in cold water. The glaze, which serves as a protection against dehydration during subsequent stor - age and distribution, consists of a surface covering of ice that varies in thickness and mayor may not have chemical additives incorporated init. Insetting the fill weight of the package (net weight plus glaze weight), the processor makes an allowance for the weight of the glaze (pre- existing skin glaze plus added surface glaze) in order to conform to the declaration of net weight on the label. The inspector, in applying the Federal grade standard, must check the net weight in order to determine compliance. The objectives of the present study therefore were (1) to check the accuracy of the net- weight determination for frozen glazed halibut steaks, using the official percentage-glaze method, and (2) to consider the possibility of simplifying the method. CHECK ON ACCURACY DESCRIPTION OF OFFICIAL METHOD: The method, as published in the U. S. Stand- ards for Grades of Frozen Halibut Steaks, consists essentially of the following steps: (1) Weigh the steaks with the glaze intact, which gives C, the gross weight. (2) Thaw the glaze from the surfaces of the steak with flowing tap water. (3) Wipe off the excess water from the surface with a single paper towel. (4) Weigh the deglazed steaks, which gives D, the net weight. (5) Calculate the percentage glaze as C-D x 100. D EXPERIMENTAL: To test the accuracy of the method, we prepared glaze-free frozen halibut steaks of known weight and glazed them. The glaze was then thawed off and the steaks were reweighed. The difference in weight was considered to be the error in the method. *Chemical Engineer, Technological Laboratory, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Seattle, Wash. U. S,. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE SEP. NO, 658 6 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 10 Details of the procedure were as follows: Unglazed frozen dressed halibut were cut by bandsaw into steaks of varying size, scraped clean of sawdust, and weighed immediately, which gave the true net weight, T. The frozen steaks were then ice-glazed by being dipped into cold fresh water. From 2- to 12-percent glaze by weight of the individual steak was added, and the steaks were stored at 0° F. until tested. Ina series of tests at intervals of time the glazed steaks were deglazed and weighed (actual net weight, D) according to the of- ficial method. This work was done by four analysts, using steaks that varied in size and in percentage of glaze. The percentage error in the determination of true net weight was calculated as follows: (actual net weight - true net weight) x 100 (D- T)x 100 true net weight a T RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The data are shown in tables 1 and 2. Table 1 lists the average percentage error for series A, B, and C. Table 2 lists the range of the maximum and minimum individual values for experimental series A, which gives an indication of the variability of individual values. Table 1 - Average Percentage Error in the Determination of True Net Weight Average Error in True Net Weight as Found by Analyst: Range in Amount of Glaze Grams Percent 177-286 -0.1 175-283 +0.3 91-343 86-225 102-168 82-157 160-371 200-339 108-226 107-228 97-239 2/ 125-284 3/125-284 4/125 -284 j1/In experiment 4, analyst A tested 6 steaks; analyst B, 32 steaks; the steaks were equally divided in experiments 1, 2, and 3. 2/These glaze-free samples were stored for 4 months at 0° F, in polyethylene bags till slightly dehydrated. They were deglazed in accordance with the standard procedure. |3/Each steak from experiment 10(a) was given seven successive 10-second thawing exposures to 50° -F, running water at 1-minute intervals until they were almost completely thawed. They were then weighed after removal of excess surface water. 4/Each steak from experiment 10(b) was frozen overnight, and the procedure for 10(b) was repeated. Series A: In this first series of tests on 188 steaks by three analysts, the average values ranged from +0.4 to -0.2 percent of true net weight. All the individual values (table 2) were within the range of +1.3 to -1.3 percent of the true net weight, and 95 percent of the individual values were within the range of +1.0 to -0.9 percent of the true net weight. Table 2 - Range of Individual Values for Percentage Error in the Determination of True Net Weight ee Range of Error in True Net Weight Series Experiment Total Steaks All Individual 95% of Individual Values Are Within: Values Are Within: No. Percent Percent 50 -1.3 to +0.7 -0.9 to +0.5 Data obtained by 3 experienced 50 -0.7 to +1.3 -0.4 to +1.0 analysts. 50 38 Series B: In this second series of tests (2 years later) on 207 steaks by two analysts without trial practice, the average values ranged from -0.6 to +0.9 percent from true net weight. With further practice, the analysts improved their techniques, and the average dif- ferences from true net weight were 0.2 percent or less for the last four experiments inthis series. Remarks -0.8 to +0.5 i Data obtained by 2 experienced analysts. October 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 7 Series C: In the third series of tests (4 months after series B) on a lot of nine unglazed steaks stored for 4 months at 0° F. to observe the effect of slight dehydration (simulated short retail storage), an experienced analyst obtained an average value of +0.2 percent of true net weight. To observe the effect of excessive thawing, we subjected these same steaks to seven successive 10-second exposures to running water (50 F.) at 1-minute intervals until they were almost completely thawed. The average error in true net weight was -0.3 percent. The same steaks were frozen overnight and again given seven successive 10-second exposures to running water. The average error in true net weight was now found to be -0.4 percent. Thus, slight dehydration of the sample or overthawing of the sample do not intro- duce serious errors in the method under test. POSSIBILITY OF SIMPLIFYING THE METHOD Various steps in the procedure were examined for possible improvement or simplifica- tion. FLOW RATE AND TEMPERATURE OF DEGLAZING WATER: In the removal of the glaze from halibut steaks, the, official method specifies a rate of flow of 3 quarts per minute and the use of tap water at 50° to 60° F. Variations in temperature and in rate of flow of the water had no significant effects, in- dicating that strict adherence to this part of the procedure is not necessary. DEGREE OF DEGLAZING AND WIPING OFF OF EXCESS WATER: The official method specifies that deglazing be continued until all glaze is removed from cut flesh surface, as evidenced by absence of slick feel to finger,’ "and that the analyst should "rapidly remove excess water with single paper towel." Slight to moderate overthawing of the steak surface during deglazing had no significant effect, provided that the excess water was gently wiped off with a single paper towel. It should be remembered in carrying out this step that the surface of the thawed steak is likea wet sponge. Vigorously blotting each steak with a new dry towel will remove fluid from the meat, thereby giving a smaller actual net weight. The following two alternative modifications in the method of removing excess water from the March 1959 published method were tested: (a) Gently wipe off the excess water with a single paper towel that is saturated with moisture. (Use of the moisture-saturated towel avoids the possible blotting action of a dry towel.) (b) Shake off the excess water. In this step, hold the steak lightly and then vigorously shake it 6 times through a 1-foot arc. (In using this modification, slightly overthaw the steak surface rather than underthaw it.) The two alternative methods gave equivalent results, though the shaking method was slightly faster and simpler. The difference, however, was not sufficient to justify a recom- mendation of one over the other. CONCLUSIONS (1) Ina test of the official method for [determining the average net weight of frozen glazed halibut steaks, results were within T1.0 percent of the true net weight. (2) Variation in temperature and rate of flow of thawing water for removing glaze inthe official method and moderate overthawing of the steak surface had no significant effects, in- dicating that strict adherence to this part of the procedure is not necessary. Careful removal of excess water from the surface of the deglazed steak was the key op- eration. To obtain best results, the analyst should gently remove surface water, either by 8 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 10 use of a moisture-saturated paper towel, avoiding vigorous blotting with a dry paper towel, or by holding the partly thawed steak lightly and shaking it six times through a 1-foot arc. LITERATURE CITED U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1959, United States Standards for Grades of Frozen Halibut Steaks. (March) (First Issue), 4 pp. VARY YOUR MENUS BY SERVING DEVILED CLAMS Many traditions in the United States have grown up around the serving and eating of clams. Annual clam eating contests are held in various coastal regions of the country. The connotations of the term ''Clambake'' have extended the use of that word far beyond its original meaning. Few controversies, in cooking circles at least, have more participants than that which centers onthe proper way to prepare clams. It is not only the fine distinctive flavor that recommends clams as afood; they are also an ex- cellent source of the "protective" nutrients, in- cluding proteins, minerals, and vitamins. Clams may be purchased inthreeforms: in the shell, shucked, and canned. On the Atlantic coast, the marketed species are the hard, soft, and surf clams. On the Pacific coast, the most common market species are the butter, littleneck, razor, and pismo clams. Although clams are served most often in chowders, steamed, raw on the half shell, or at clambakes, there are many other good ways to SR CITE ITS serve them. One of these which the home econ- omists of the Bureauof Commercial Fisheries, United States Department of the Interior, recom- mend serving is ''Deviled Clams". DEVILED CLAMS 1 pint clams or 2 cans (7 ounces each) clams i teaspoon thyme 4 cup chopped celery 3 drops tabasco 2 tablespoons chopped onion 1 tablespoon chili sauce 1 clove garlic, finely chopped 1 egg, beaten 4 cup butter or other fat, melted 5 cup cracker meal 1 tablespoon flour 2 tablespoons chopped parsley 4 teaspoon salt 2 tablespoons butter or other fat, melted 4 teaspoon pepper 3 cup dry bread crumbs Drainclams. Chop. Cook celery, onion, and garlic in butter until tender. Blend in flour and seasonings. Addclams and cook until thick, stirring constantly. Stir a little of the hot sauce into egg, addto remaining sauce, stirring constantly. Add meal and parsley. Place in 6 well-greased individual shellsor casseroles. Combine butter and crumbs. Sprinkle over top of deviled clams. Bake in a hot oven, 400° F., for 10 minutes or until brown. Serves 6. October 1962 47 California SPINY LOBSTER REGULATIONS AND SHRIMP TRAWLING QUOTAS CHANGED: New rules adoptedfor the California spiny lobster fishery by the California Fish and Game Commission prohibit the pulling of traps at night andrequire uniform-size per - mit numbers on trap buoys. Shrimp trawling quotas were changed in two areas by the Commission. The quota in the area off California between the Oregon border and False Cape, Calif., was raised from 1,250,000 to 1,500,000 pounds. The quota in the area between False Cape and Point Arena, Calif., was lowered from 850,000 to 250,000 pounds. The Commission made the changes at its August 24, 1962, meeting in San Francisco. kook ke ook ok GROWTH STUDIES AND ABUNDANCE OF MARKET CRABS INVESTIGATED: M/V “Nautilus” Cruise 62-N-2a-Crab (January 15-19, 1962), 2b (February 12-16), 2c (March 12- 16), 2d(April 9-13), 2e (May 7-11), 2f (June 18-22): A series of cruises by the California Department of Fish and Game research vessel Nautilus inthe coast- al waters off central California from Bodega BaytoSan Francisco. Thetwo objectives of these cruises were: (1)to collect dungeness (market) crabs (Cancer magister) for growth studies, using traps and a 10-foot beam trawl, and (2) to determine time of occur - rence and relative abundance of crabs in areas of operations. Collections were made at selected sta- tions from Bodega Head to San Francisco using a 10-foot beam trawl with a l-inch mesh net, commercial- “type, crab traps, and 1-inch mesh crab traps. A 3-inchliner was added to the cod end of the trawlnetin May, in order to collect crabs in the first post- larval stages. The crab traps were baited with squid and rockfish and fished overnight. Beam trawling was done at each Station. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 9 ete TRENDS So = AND i EDEVELO PMENTS & Each drag lasted about 20 minutes and cov- ered three-quarters of a mile. Exploratory beam trawling was accomplished at stations where traps were not set (fig. 1). LEGEND: Trawling stations and/ > or trapping stations. Bolinas Bay & Sani ie )) Lv Francisco Fig. 1 - Cruises 62-N-2a through f by the research vessel Nautilus, showing location of trawl and trap stations. It was possible to estimate age from the samples taken. At metamorphosis, crabs are about 44 to 5 months old, calculated from their January hatching. Collections of megalops in May showed the last larval stages averaged 3.7 millimeters. Those megalops were held in an aquarium for 24 to 48 hours where they molted into the first 10 Frame & lid covered with stainless steel webbing Entrance tunnel & Trigger bars Fig. 2 - Diagrammatic sketch of a crab trap showing escape port. postlarval crab. The molt resulted in an average size increase of 3.3 millimeters to first postlarval instars which averaged 7.0 millimeters in width (exclusive of antero- lateral spines). First postlarval crabs trawled during May also averaged 7.0 mil- limeters in shoulder width. The table below provides continuity of data and shows preliminary instar and growth calculations for dungeness crabs as deter - mined from collections and measurements made during this series of cruises and the cruises from June to December 1961. The width-frequencies of the market crabs taken in Bodega Bay were determined. Mean shoulder widths of the crabs within the range of each observed mode was calculated and is shown in the table. Each mean represents the average shoulder width of the various in- stars. The crabs have been followed through the 10th and 11th instars. Dates of occur- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 10 rences include the month in which the crabs were first observed and the month in which they were last observed. Mating activity of male crabs was deter- mined by examining chelipeds for abrasions and other marks incurred while the male was clutching the female. The smallest male ex- amined was 65 millimeters but none less than 132 millimeters had mating marks. Males over 180 millimeters in shoulder width showed fewer abrasions or marks, and were presumed to have been less active. sh J! Sle Sle ke DK si) kek MIDWATER TRAWLING FOR SALMON FINGERLINGS CONTINUED: M/V "Nautilus™ Cruise 62-N-7a-Salmon (July 12-13, 1962) and 62-N-7b (July 23-27, 1962): The capture of marked salmon fin- gerlings on their seaward migration was the objective of both trips by the California De- partment of Fish and Game research vessel Nautilus. The vessel operated in the Car- quinez Strait, using a nylon midwater trawl with a 25-foot square opening. Trawling was conducted between 8 a.m. and 3 p.m., with each tow lasting 20 minutes. Tows were al- ternated between upstream and downstream, and between the north shore center, and south shore jof the channel. A total of 72 tows completed in the Strait during the cruises yielded a catch of 56 king a Ss it SS See King salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Preliminary Instar and Growth Calculations for Male Dungeness Crabs as Determined by Means of Modes from a Width Frequency Graph] (Instar sizes 1 and 2 are assumed to be the same for both groups observed.) Absolute Increase Percentage Increase etreicieleirete esis OnWBUNANKUUO eemueneiuelmeltenie BAW WORK OO ate vee elt ane mote WReEFPAWHONW 1 2 3 4 5 6 U 8 9) 0 at Pe 108-129 Date of Occurrence Absolute Increase Percentage Increase 7-7 9-14 14-19 19-24 26-33 33-44 41-56 56-76 74-92 92-106 May -June May -Aug. June -Oct, June-Dec. Aug. -Feb. Nov. -May Nov. -May Nov. -June Jan. - Feb. - June PWNNWONDAA Genk sixisOegyensebwecnenie NAWWUAWORUO sueuC niet amtenper en ete AW BNWADWNWWO NRRR October 1962 salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). None of these fish were marked. Other Species Caught by the Nautilus on Cruise 62-N-7a and 62-N-7b Number 103, O00(est. ) Species Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) Jacksmelt (Atherinopsis californiensis) Sacramento smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys). . . Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) Striped bass (Roccus saxatilis) King salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).... lorthern midshipman (Porichthys notatus). . . . Surfsmelt (Hypomesus pretiosus) American shad (Alosa sapidissima) ree-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) The morning of July 27 was spent in col- lecting bottom samples in the lower Napa River, in the vicinity of the atomic submarine refueling pens. The samples were to be tested for the presence, or lack, of atomic radiation by the Public Health Department. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1962 p. 15. PELAGIC FISH POPULATION SURVEY CONTINUED: Airplane Spotting Flight 62-6-Pelagic Fish (June 13-14, 1962): To determine the distri- bution and abundance of pelagic fish schools, the area from the United States -Mexican Bor - der to San Luis Obispo Bay was surveyed from the air by the California Department of Fish and Game's Cessna "182" 9042T. No flights were made on June 11 and 12 because of low overcast. On June 13, the area from the United States -Mexican Border to Pt. Conception, Calif., was surveyed. Thirty-four anchovy schools were counted from the Tia Juana River to about 5 miles north of the river. The area around Pt. Loma could not be surveyed because of mil- itary air traffic. Between Dana Pt. and the Santa Ana River, 192 schools of anchovies were counted. Some of the schools were "breezing' and were visible for several miles. From the extent of "breezing" schools visible at sea beyond the limit of the plane's safety factor, it was estimated there were between 500 and 600 schools in the area. Be- tween Topanga Canyon and Pt. Dume, 168 anchovy schools were counted and afew dim spots were observed around Santa Barbara. The coastline from Long Beach Harbor to San Luis Obispo Bay was surveyed on June 14 but low clouds prohibited operating far - ther north. In addition to the concentration COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW at between Topanga Canyon and Pt. Dume ob- served on June 13, anchovy schools were sighted in the central inshore Santa Monica Bay area, and also in the Port Hueneme- Santa Barbara and Los Angeles Harbor areas. There were 44 anchovy schools off Santa Monica and 41 between Port Hueneme and Goleta. Visibility was poor around Santa Barbara, and the few schools seen there were very dim. More schools probably would have been visible if weather conditions had been better. For the first time in many months ancho- vy schools were seen from the air in the Los Angeles-Long Beach Harbor, and 61 schools were counted. Although no anchovy schools had been visible in the Harbor or around Santa Monica during previous flights during 1962, anchovies were present because live- bait boats were catching them. Sighting those schools from the air was probably because of clearer water. Airplane Spotting Flight 62-7-Pelagic Fish (July 18-20, 1962): On the first day's flight, the coast from the United States-Mexican Border to Los Angeles Harbor was surveyed. The only fish observed were 54 anchovy schools between Pt. Loma and the Mexican Border. The large concentration of ancho- vies that was seen between the Santa Ana River and Dana Pt. on the June flight, ap- parently had moved out. This resulted in the bait boats that normally work the area having to go to Los Angeles Harbor for bait. The bait haulers blamed the disappearance of the anchovies on the clearing of the water, and the presence of bonito inshore. On July 19, the area from Los Angeles Harbor to a few miles above Goleta Pt. was surveyed. Fourteen anchovy schools were spotted outside Los Angeles Harbor, and 21 in Santa Monica Bay. From Gorda Pt. to Goleta Pt., 400 anchovy schools were counted. An attempt was made on the last day of the flight to survey the area from Monterey Bay to San Luis Obispo Bay. But because of a solid cloud bank along most of the coast, only San Luis Obispo Bay, Estero Bay, San Simeon Bay, and a small part of Monterey Bay could be covered. The fish count in those areas was 15 anchovy schools, which were sighted off the Cayucos pier in Estero Bay. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1962 p. 15. ——_ — 12 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Cans--Shipments for Fishery Products, January-June 1962 The amount of steel and aluminum con- sumed to make cans shipped to fish and shellfish canning plants during January-June 1962 was 4.1 percent above that used during the same period in 1961. Prior to this year, the figures cov- ered only tinplate cans, but beginning with Jan- uary 1962 aluminum cans are included. It " is believed that only a small amount of aluminum is being used in cans used for fishery products at present. A total of 1,511,133 base boxes of steel (tinplate) and aluminum were used in the manufacture of cans shipped to fishery plants during the first six months of 1962, whereas in the same period of 1961 (when only tin- plate was reported) 1,452,246 base boxes of steel were consumed. The increase was mainly due to larger packs of Maine sardines and tuna during the first six months of 1962. Note: Statistics cover all commercial and captive plants known to be producing metal cans. A "base box" is an area 31, 360 square inches, equivalent to 112 sheets 14"x 20" size. The 1962 data are derived by use of the factor 21.8 base boxes per short ton of steel. Z, Ts f Fane? ae Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations SKIPJACK TUNA SUBPOPULATION IDENTIFICATION STUDIES: The relationship between seasonal changes in the abundance of skipjack (aku) tuna and changes in the chemical and physical prop- erties of the ocean in the vicinity of the Ha- waiian Islands is being studied by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory at Honolulu, Hawaii. By studying the physical properties of the ocean, it has been possible to predict whether or not the total annual landings of skipjack for a year will exceed or fall below a figure based on the average catch for about 10 years. In the skipjack fishery of the Hawaiian Islands, it has long been known that large fish, called "season" fish, enter the fishery Vol. 24, No. 10 in large numbers in the spring and summer only to disappear again in the fall andwinter. It is now known that there is a relation- ship between the changes which occur in the early spring in the physical properties of the ocean circulation systems in the Hawaiian chain and the relative abundance of ''season" skipjack found later in the spring andsummer. In order to understand more completely the biological significance of those findings, the Laboratory has been carrying out a sampling program in which two measures of the skipjack population have been obtained. One of the two measures involves astudy of chemical substances which occur on the red blood cells of nearly all red-blooded animals. These chemicals, called blood group substances (like the Aand Bsubstances of man, for example) are products of genes, the units of inheritance, which govern the basic developmental processes of all living things. Because blood group substances are produced by genes, it is possible to geneti- cally classify populations by means of count- ing the relative proportions of one or more blood group substances which occur in the population. If two samples of skipjack have different frequencies of the same substance, it is certain that they were taken from two different populations. It has recently been observed that in skipjack samples obtained from Hawaiian waters, two distinctly dif- ferent frequencies of the same substance in the B-system of aku blood groups occur. The second measure of the populations studied has to do with measuring the lengths of a large number of fish. In some years, the relative numbers of fish that are two years old (judged by length) is very much greater than the number of 1-year old fish present in the previous year. This finding October 1962 implies that many 2-year old fish are enter - ing the fishery from another population. Both lines of evidence presented are con- sistent with the idea that there are two dif- ferent populations of aku which enter the fishery. One population composed of fish of all sizes, both large and small, and classi- fied by blood group studies as population I fish, are found in all seasons. Fish of the other population, or population II fish, have only been found to be large. The question that arises is, where do the group II fish come from? So far this is not known. But it is interesting to note that a skipjack tagged near Baja California, Mexico, was caught on June 12 near Oahu, Hawaii, weighing 26 pounds when caught, just slightly larger than the mean of group II fishsampled in the summer of 1962. The next step in the study being made is to attempt to determine the relationship be- tween group II fish and skipjack populations to the east of Hawaii, and also to ascertain the relationship between those fish and the physical oceanography which plays such an important role in their migratory habits. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1962 p. 7. el Some of the highlights of the program at the Stuttgart, Arkansas, Fish Farming Ex- perimental Station of the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife during April-June 1962: Fish Farming CONSTRUCTION OF FACILITIES: Forty- five experimental ponds (including 20 0.1- acre ponds, 20 0.25-acre ponds, and 5 1.0- acre ponds) were accepted by the Regional Engineer of the Bureau on April 27, 1962. Three well houses with pumps and the stor - age reservoir were accepted at the same time. All completed experimental ponds at the new station had been filled with either surface or ground water and stocked with fish by June 1962. A contract will probably be negotiated before the end of 1962 tocom- plete 36 additional experimental ponds (in- cluding 16 0.1-acre ponds, 16 0.25-acre ponds, and 4 1.0-acre ponds) by installing water supply lines, drains, and concrete structures with valves. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 13 Severe problems due to water quality be- came very prominent in early May and a contract was let on May 16, 1962, for the construction of a water-treatment plant. The plant, which will remove excess iron and manganese from the water supplied to the laboratory and service buildings, was com- pleted in the summer of 1962. RESEARCH: Nutrition: Sixteen 0.25-acre ponds were stocked with fingerling channel catfish and fed experimental feeds. Some of the feeds are available commercially and others were formulated at the Experimental Station. ——s \ Nis AW. The popular farm ponds have increased their production - due to intensified research. Protein studies were interrupted in the spring of 1962 by water quality problems. But new studies were started July 1, 1962, using channel catfish fry kept in troughs. They were fed test rations to get compara- tive data on various high protein meals which are commercially available. Fish Cultural Studies: Successful spawn- ing of channel catfish, flathead catfish, Israeli carp, and buffalofish was accomplished with the use of 700 international units of chorionic gonadotrophins per pound of body weight. Cat- fish eggs of both species hatched well but con- siderable difficulty was experienced in getting the flathead fry to feed. The carp and buffalo- fish eggs failed to hatch probably because of water quality problems. Hybridization attempts between species of catfish, buffalofish, and carp-buffalofish 14 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW crosses were unsuccessful. In addition to chorionic gonadotrophin injections of the fe- males, delatestryl (testosterone enenthate) was administered intraperitoneally into the males to intensify the spawning drive. Some response was apparent in Israeli carp males when placed in spawning aquaria with buffalo- fish females. Studies began on the possible sterilization of Israeli carp fingerlings by using diethyl- stilbesterol in the daily ration at levels of 1 and 2 percent. Studies have been started to determine the best combinations of species and the proper stocking ratios which will provide optimal production in fish-farming reservoirs. Growth rates will be followed to determine the most desirable species combinations and stocking ratios for efficient use of natural foods. Fish-rice rotation tests, programmed over a four-year period, as well as studies on the effect on yields of simultaneously growing fish and rice are under way. In ad- dition to station ponds, a nearby 20-acre rice field has been stocked with fingerling channel catfish to determine the survivaland growth rate of the fish in a flooded rice field. Fertilization: Selected ponds (0.1 acre) have been fertilized with varying proportions of common fertilizing compounds. Various types of nitrogen compounds are also being tried along with super phosphate. Changes in the flora and fauna and in total plankton are being followed. Laboratory experiments are also in progress. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1962 p. 23. Food Congress INTERIOR DEPARTMENT EXHIBIT AT FIFTH INTERNATIONAL FOOD CONGRESS: Helping the fishing industry bring seafood to home and institutional tables in the most efficient way possible and in conserving the wealth of fishery resources was the theme of a special exhibit by the U. S. Department of the Interior at the Fifth International Food Congress and Exhibition. The Congress, held at the New York Coliseum, New York City, September 8-16, 1962, was attendedby delegates from more than 30 countries. Vol. 24, No. 10 This was the first time it was held in the United States. The Department of the Interior's Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exhibit was located in the International Pavilion. Four panels, with special lighting effects, comprised the exhibit, and each panel depicted a different phase of the Bureau's efforts in furthering the use of fishery resources. The title of the first panel was "The Re- source," and it showed the Bureau's biolog- ical fishery research work. Four telephones connected with the panel carried taped mes- sages for the 50,000 or more executives of food and allied industries, and the more than 250,000 consumers who were expected to visit the exposition and view the exhibits. The panel named ''Harvesting" depicted some of the efficient fishing methods that have been developed, including the air bub- ble curtain which is capable of catching a school of fish, plane spotting of fish from the air, bottom and midwater trawling, and elec- tronic fishing. The third panel illustrated newly-devel- oped fish products made possible by techno- logical research and advancement--irradi- ated fish which have a much longer shelf life than fresh fish, and fish protein concentrate (fish flour) which could be the lifeline of the future for millions of the world's under - nourished and protein-deficient populations. The services of the Bureau of Commer - cial Fisheries in the field of marketing, and the collection and dissemination of market news were Shown inthe final panel of the exhibit, in- cluding research conducted intest kitchens at the Bureau's Technological Laboratory at Col- lege Park, Md. Some of the research equipment used by the Bureau andillustrations of the var - ious market forms of fish completed the display. "Fishery products play such an important role in a nutritious diet today that it has been decided that this source of nutrition merits special consideration,'' the Food Congress said in inviting the Bureau to participate in the international event. In acknowledging the invitation on behalf of the Department, Secretary of the Interior Stewart L. Udall said fisheries research heralds new frontiers in nutrition andhealth for America's citizens and its neighbors across the seas. October 1962 In his June 11 letter of acknowledgment, the Secretary wrote that the United States Department of the Interior was very much interested in the Congress, especially since it afforded a unique opportunity for an ex- change of ideas on the international plane. The Secretary mentioned that inSeptem- ber 1961, the United States hosted the In- ternational Conference on Fish in Nutrition, sponsored by the Food and Agriculture Or - ganization of the United Nations. That con- ference was held in Washington, D. C., and was attended by scientists and industrialists from 33 nations. At that conference, it was pointed out that more than half of the peoples of the world are suffering from malnutrition. Many millions lack enough of the proper food ingredients for an adequate and balanced diet and numbers are suffering from diet asso- ciated diseases. The Secretary said it was clearly established that protein from the sea was the key to meeting these worldwide die- tary associated problems. Fish protein of- fers the most practical way of meeting the dietary needs of the undernourished of the world. This, he said, was the message to be presented to the food industry through the Department of the Interior's exhibit. Secretary of the Interior Udall was a member of the Committee of Honor of the Fifth International Food Congress and was represented at the meetings by officials of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Frozen Fish NEW MECHANIZED MICROWAVE OVEN FOR THAWING FROZEN FISH: A United States firm has designed a new microwave oven defroster with openings on both ends so that a conveyor belt can pass through the oven. The conveyor belt can feed frozen fish into the oven and remove the fish after they are thawed. Previous micro- wave ovens had to be completely enclosed to trap the microwave energy. An innovation in design enables the new oven to trap the microwave energy without being sealed. The microwave energy compartment in the new oven is three feet long. As frozen fish pass through the compartment; they are penetrated by ultra-high-frequency deep heat and thawed in 60 seconds. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 15 A Canadian biochemist researcher is still testing the effects of microwave defrosting on fish. The researcher plans to refreeze radar -defrosted fish, store the fish for one year, and then defrost them again for flavor and food-value analyses. Also, another phase of the study, in progress for one year, has been the evaluation of the most efficient method of freezing fish at sea. (South African Shipping News and Fishing Industry Review, May 1962.) ay Great Lakes Fisheries Exploration and Gear Research TRAWL FISHING INVESTIGATION OF SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN: M/V “Kaho” Cruise 3 (June 12-August 29, 1962): A three-month trawl fishing investi- gation of southern Lake Michigan was com- pleted on August 29, 1962, by the explora- tory fishing vessel Kaho of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Principal ob- jectives of the cruise were to study the bathymetric or distribution in depth of var - ious fish stocks and determine their avail- ability to commercial types of otter -trawl fishing gear periodically at certain selected geographical locations. The over-all area of operations extended around the southern perimeter of Lake Michigan from Little Sable Point, Mich., on the east shore, to Manitowoc, Wis., on the west shore. A total of 142 30-minute drags were made at depths ranging from 9.5 to 40.5 fathoms at sampling stations established during pre- vious cruises (see chart). An additional 40 drags (ranging from 15 minutes to 2 hours duration) were made to compare effective- ness of fishing gear modifications and day- night fishing. Commer cially-significant catches were taken during each of the 3 phases; however, the final phase in August was considerably more productive than either the June or July phases. Catches were all poor (less than 400 pounds per hour) on the east shore dur- ing the June phase. On the west shore, how - ever, catches of over 600 and up to 830 pounds per hour were taken at all but 1 of the 4sam- pling stations. During the July phase, catches of 510 to 640 pounds per hour were taken at 3 of the 5 east shore sampling stations, and 648 16 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Ludington fi Pentwater Sheboygan 45} Little Sable Pt. Port Washington ul pWhite Lake Ny = Muskegon Milwaukeg@ Grand Haven i} 1 saugatuck rim WISCONSIN ILLINOIS Waukegan §& E St. Joseph 42° Chicago MICHIGAN INDIANA ~ LEGEND: — Trawl drag: Gear damage. Lake Michigan explorations by M/V Kaho on Cruise 3 (June 12- August 29, 1962. to 1,242 pounds per hour at 2 of the 4 west shore sampling stations. All 9 stations yielded 636 or more pounds per hour during the August phase. Catches of over 1,000 pounds per hour were taken as follows: phase I--none; phase II--at 15 and 20 fathoms off Waukegan; phase IlI--at 10, 15, and 20 fathoms off Little Sable Point, at 15 fathoms off Grand Haven, at 35 fathoms off Milwaukee, and at 20 and 25 fathoms off Port Washington. The best catch (1,200 pounds) was taken in a 30-minute drag at 20 fathoms off Port Washington. Depths yielding best catches varied within each sampling station from period to period, but did not vary uniformly from area toarea during any particular period. The percentage breakdown of principal species making up the total actual catch of 35,949 pounds of fish taken during the cruise Vol. 24, No. 10 was as follows: chub (Coregonus hoyi)--82.6 percent, large chub--8.3, alewife--7.6, yel- low perch--1.2, and smelt--0.2 percent. All other species accounted for less than 0.1 percent of the total catch. Alewife appeared in a total of 69 catches, and from 50 to 520 pounds were taken in 15 drags at 10 to 25 fathoms. Yellow perch appeared in 48 catches, and from 15 to 145 pounds were taken in 5 drags at 10 and 15 fathoms in phases [land III. Smelt appeared in 26 catches; less than 15 pounds per drag were taken in 25 drags, and one catch of 50 pounds was taken at15 fathoms off Waukegan during phase II. Only 4 individ- ual whitefish were taken in 4 separate drags. Herring appeared only in amounts of less than 1 pound and in only 5 drags. Other species noted in the catches included: lake trout (two only), cottids (sculpins), sea lamprey, suckers, and trout-perch. A special test designed to compare day and night trawling effectiveness was conducted off Saugatuck in June and Augustand off St. Joseph in July. Each of the tests were confined to a limited area and depth zone. In June, 6 day- light drags averaged 215 pounds per hour and 5 night drags averaged only 86 pounds per hour. In July, 3 daylight drags averaged 167 pounds per hour and the 3 night drags, 149 pounds per hour. In August, the catches av- eraged 618 pounds per hour for 2 daylight drags as compared to 75 pounds per hour for 2 night drags. During July 10-12, operations were con- ducted in cooperation with the U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture to obtain and process C. hoyi chubs for Agriculture's mink-feed- ing experiments at the Cornell University Fur Animal Research Farm. A refrigerated water system was used to hold about 2 tons of the fish in a preliminary study to deter - mine the practicality and problems involved in this type of storage aboard Great Lakes! commercial fishing vessels. qourface temperatures ganged, from 47° to - 70°. E during phase ifs be LOM? woes during phase II; and 48° to 75° F. during phase III. A standard 52-foot (headrope) Gulf of Mexico semiballoon-type trawl net was fished on the routine sampling stations. A new 65- foot nylon modified-West Coast box-type trawl was compared with the standard net with favorable results, but the data obtained were insufficient to make exacting determi- nations. October 1962 Slight to moderate gear damage was in- curred by bottom obstacles during 7 of the 182 drags. Underwater televisiontests were conducted in cooperation with a private firm during the final 2 days of phases I and III. Gear config- uration and fish behavior within the net were studied with good results. The Kaho was expected to depart Sauga- tuck, Mich., September 19, 1962, on cruise 4 en route to Lake Erie for 29 days of ex- ploratory trawl fishing operations. All United States waters of Lake Erie were to be ex- plored. The primary objective of the cruise was to extend seasonal knowledge regarding the location, bathymetric or distribution in depth, relative abundance, and availability of various species of fish to standard otter trawl fishing gear. Echo-sounding equip- ment was to be used to survey bottom con- ditions and record fish concentrations. Bath- ythermograph casts and bottom samples were to be taken at each fishing station. A 52-foot (headrope) Gulf of Mexico-type otter trawl was to be used at standard stations toassess the commercial trawling potential. A newly- designed 65-foot western-style otter trawl was to be tested to determine its effective- ness on Lake Erie fish. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1962 p. 20. \5) Ag SV Great Lakes Fishery Investigations DISTRIBUTION OF LAKE TROUT IN WESTERN LAKE SUPERIOR STUDIED: M/V “Siscowet™ Cruise 5 (August 14-19, 1962): Studies to obtain information on the abundance and distribution of native and hatchery-reared lake trout in western Lake Superior waters were conducted by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research vessel Siscowet. Work was done at Shelter Bay (near Laughing Fish Point), Keweenaw Bay, and Traverse Bay, Mich. Semiballoon trawls were fished at depths of 16 to 42 fathoms and standard gangs of experimental gill nets (1- to 5-inch meshby $-inch intervals) were fished at 17 to 77 fathoms. Five 10-minute trawl tows in Shelter Bay yielded only 6 lake trout, all of which were hatchery-reared fish planted at Munising COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW IL (4 were from the 1962 plant, and 1 eachfrom the 1961 and 1960 plant). In Keweenaw Bay, 13 tows yielded 26 small lake trout, of which 18 had been stocked as yearlings in Keweenaw Bay in 1961 and 8 in 1960 (2 planted from shore and 6 by boat). The average length of the recaptured lake trout from the 1961 plant (8.2 inches) was 3.2 inches longer than at the time of planting. Four tows in Traverse Bay yielded 12 lake trout, all of which were fin- clipped. Nine of those fish had been planted in Traverse Bay in 1962, 2 in Keweenaw Bay in 1961, and 1 in Keweenaw Bay in 1960. Other species caught in trawls at the different stations included smelt, pygmy whitefish, sculpins, ninespine sticklebacks, and small coregonines (family of whitefishes). Experimental gill nets were set in Kewee- naw Bay northwest of Point Abbaye and north- east of Pequaming (see table). [Number of Species Caught by M/V Siscowet from One-Night Sets Location and Depth (Fathoms Point Abbaye Pequaming 17-24 20-33 63-77 Species Ci zenithicus| sees Of the 37 lake trout caught, 25 fish or 68 percent were fin-clipped. The fish ranged in length from 9.1 to 20.0 inches. The chub were in various stages of sexual development. Of the Coregonus zenithicus, about half were nearly ripe and the other half were spent. Most of the C. kiyi had well-de- veloped gonads (sexual aude aoe en 2 were spent, and 2 were ripe. All C. hoyi had well-developed gonads. Surface water temperatures ranged from 56.3° F. in Traverse Bay to 60.8° F. in Ke- weenaw Bay. Scheduled cruises 3and4were cancelled to allow time for extensive alteration of the Siscowet at a Wisconsin shipyard. The ad- dition of five feet to the length of the vessel, and reconstruction of the stern, added much- needed work space to the back deck. The im- provements greatly facilitate the operation of trawls, gillnets, and other experimental gear. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1962 p. 26. 18 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW LAKE MICHIGAN FISH POPULATION SURVEY CONTINUED: M/V Cisco” Cruise 6 (August 7-20, 1962): The depth distribution of fish during and after an extensive upwelling, and the distribution of small coregonines (fresh-water whitefish), were the principal objectives of Cruise 6 in southeastern Lake Michigan by the U. S. Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries research ves- sel Cisco. A moderately strong upwelling near shore persisted throughout much of the cruise. Ac- cording to unofficial reports from various sources, it extended as far south as Michigan City, Ind., at the southern extremity of the lake, and at least as far north as Grand Ha- ven, Mich. Off Saugatuck, Mich., the coldest surface water temperatures (near 11~ C. or about 52° F.) were within 3 or 4 miles from shore (out to depths of 10 or 15 fathoms), but strong currents and eroded metalimnions ex- tended as far as 33 miles offshore (84 fath- oms). Trawl hauls in shallow water during and after an upwelling on August 15 and 17 indicated drastic changes in fish distribution as shown in table. Number of Different Species Caught by M/V Cisco in Shallow Water Species onal per Chub] perch ara S: melt] perch |1/In addition to the species shown in the table, a few spottail shiners were collected at depths of 5 to 12 fathoms, and moderate numbers of slimy sculpins at 15 to 25 fathoms. The chubs taken were Coregonus (Leucichthys) hoyi, with extremely few exceptions, About 75 percent of the yellow perch caught at 5 fathoms on August 15, and all of the perch caught at 7 fathoms on August 17 were yearlings; all other perch catches included very few yearlings, and no young of year. Both yellow perch (except yearlings) and chubs moved into deeper, colder water as the cold water near shore was replaced. The chubs remained in colder water than the yel- low perch, both during and after the upwell- ing. Smelt also moved out as the warm wa- ter moved in, but the distribution of alewives seemed to be unaffected. Vol. 24, No. 10 Attempts to locate chubs less than7 inches long with a midwater trawl, large-mesh half- meter plankton nets, and a 4-foot tow net of 4-inch mesh (stretched) were unsuccessful. The midwater trawl, of a modified British Columbia design, caught a few alewives and C. hoyi (7.7 to 10.4 inches long) in several midwater tows over bottom depths of 15 and 40 fathoms. Fry, tentatively identified as alewives, were widely distributed in the upper 10 fathoms of water, out to a depth of at least 40 fathoms. Several alewife fingerlings (1.1 to 1.4 inches) were caught in the upper 15 fathoms of water, over the 30-fathom depth. Two fry, believed to be deep-water sculpin, were caught in a tow between 16 and 28 fath- oms, over the 84-fathom depth. Gangs of nylon gill nets were set at 40 and 84 fathoms to collect chubs for bloodsamples for an electrophoresis and serological study. The deeper set made a good catch of Core- gonus kiyi, some of which were rather large. Two days of the cruise were lost due to valve trouble on the main engine. During Cruise 5 (July 17-31, 1962) the M/V Cisco was under contract to the U. S. Public Health Service. Hydrographic and bacteriological data were collected at 30 stations in southern and central Lake Michi- gan. No report on that cruise will beissued by the Bureau's Ann Arbor Biological Labo- ratory. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1962 p. 23. te ste le sles KK OK OK AS LAKE ERIE FISH POPULATION SURVEY CONTINUED: M/V “Musky Il" (August 1962): The fish population survey in Lake Erie was continued by the .U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Operations of the research vessel Musky IL in August included the seasonal three day- night series of trawl hauls (two 10-minute tows at each of three depths during the morn- ing, afternoon, and evening) at stations 4 (East Harbor) and 49 (Bono) and the annual week-long cruise to seven index stations dis - tributed about the western basin. The summer series of three day-night trawl hauls provided further evidence of good spawning success and subsequent survival for most species of fish. Young yellow perch, white bass, and yellow pike (walleye) were particularly abundant as compared to other October 1962 recent years. Yellow perch were plentifulin all areas sampled; thousands were caught in many 10-minute drags of the trawl. Young yellow pike were abundant, but their distri- bution was less uniform (catches may have been influenced by meteorological condi- tions). A total of 447 young were taken at station 4 and 37 at station 49. The fishery-limnological cruise to the seven index stations was conducted to pre- serve continuity and for comparison with similar operations of the past 3 years. Two trawl tows were taken at each station and turbidity, pH, temperature, alkalinity, and dissolved-oxygen content of the water were determined. The water was stratified attwo of the stations (off Monroe, Mich., and north of Pelee Island), but no oxygen deficiencies were observed. Growth of young-of-year fish of most species appeared to be about average. The mean length of young yellow pike at the end of August was about 7.0 inches, an increase of 2 inches over the preceding month. This represents slightly faster growth thanin1960 or 1961, but slower than in 1959. Average total lengths in inches of young fish of other species were as follows: yellow perch, 2.5; white bass, 2.7; gizzard shad, 4.2; sheeps- head, 2.8; alewife, 3.8; smelt 2.1; spottail shiner, 2.1; and emerald shiner, 1.9. The large population of older perch is still dominated by 3-year-oldfish of the 1959 year class. The average length of these perch is now 8.2 inches; they should reach about 8.5 inches toward the end of the Ohio com- mercial fishing season. Water temperatures averaged 74° F. in the western end of the lake. Critically low dissolved oxygen was observed for the first time this year (toward the end of August) in the deeper areas of the central basin off Lorain, Ohio. Observations will be continued to determine the extent and duration of the deficiency. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1962 p. 26. Gulf Exploratory Fishery Program NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO EXPLORATION FOR POTENTIALLY - VALUABLE DEEP-WATER SPECIES: M/V “Oregon™ Cruise 79 (July 24-August 14, 1962): The primary objectives of cruise COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 19 79 by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries exploratory fishing vessel Oregon in the northern Gulf of Mexico were in two phases: (1) to explore the continental slope between 150 and 1,000 fathoms to assess the deep-water crustacean and fish potential of that area, and (2) to gather additional infor - mation on the seasonal distribution and oc- currence of the royal-red shrimp (H. robus- tus) and a smaller deep-water shrimp. (P. megalops). se MISSISSIPPI ALABAMA Northern Gulf of Mexico explorations by M/V Oregon Cruise 79 (July 24-August 14, 1962). A total of 60 trawl drags were completed during the cruise, 35 of which were made in the royal-red shrimp depth range between the Mississippi Delta and Pensacola, Fla. Royal-red shrimp were caught in small to moderate quantities--up to 109 pounds (heads- off) per 2-hour tow--in all drags completed between 200 and 260 fathoms withthe largest catches in the 200- to 225-fathom depth range. Twenty-five tows completed in that depth range yielded 1,135 pounds of 31-35 count (heads -off) royal-red shrimp. Smaller deep-water shrimp (P. megalops) averaging 52 count heads-on were caught in quantities up to 150 pounds per 2-hour drag at depths ranging from 180 to 200 fathoms. The scarlet 20 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW prawn (P. edwardsianus) was caught most frequently in 350 fathoms--up to 4 pounds of the 10-count size were caught in each drag. Large red crabs (Geryon sp.) were caught in 600 to 750 fathoms at rates up to 140 pounds (75 individuals) per drag. Young crabs of the same species were found to be heavily con- centrated in 200 fathoms. Hake (Urophysis sp.) and whiting (Mer luc- cius sp.) were the predominant fish species caught in the 100- to 300-fathom depth range. Catches ranged to 1,000 pounds per 2-hour tow. Beyond 300 fathoms, 90 percent of the catch (by weight) was comprised of macrou- rids (suborder of Decapoda crustaceans). Two 20- to 25-pound macrourids were caught at a depth of 600 fathoms. Both shrimp and fish trawls used on cruise 79 were rigged in the usual manner with loop chain and/or mud rollers. Tickler chains were used on all rigs. The trawls which included flat, semiballoon, and balloon designs varied in size from 40 to 130 feet along the headrope and were fished with ap- propriate size chain bridle or bracket doors. The smaller trawls (40 to 70 feet long) were fished with a single warp and bridle, and the larger trawls with two warps. Sea bottom conditions were suitable for trawling operations throughout the area sur - veyed with the exception of one large concen- tration of coral trees located in 230 fathoms at 29°03! N. and 88°25! W. One trawl was damaged by bogging in the mud, and gear fouling occurred occasionally due to strong surface currents in the fishing area. Sea bottom temperatures and sediment samples were obtained at each transectional trawling station between 150 to 1,000 fathoms. Marine life data were tabulated and entered on station sheets. Representative fish and shellfish samples were preserved and stored for future study by the Bureau's staff biolo- gists. Ke OK ok Ok GOOD ROYAL-RED SHRIMP CATCHES BY RESEARCH VESSEL: M/V “Oregon” Cruise 80 (August 21-31, 1962): To determine the current production potential of royal-red shrimp (Hymenopenae- us robustus) in the areas east of the Missis- Sippi Delta was the main objective of this 10- Vol. 24, No. 10 day cruise in the northern Gulf of Mexico. The areas worked on Cruise 80 had been de- lineated on previous cruises by the U.S. Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel Oregon, which returned to her base at Pascagoula, Miss., on August 31. Legend: @ - TRAWL STATION, '+ FISHING AREAS, or Northern Gulf of Mexico explorations by M/V Oregon Cruise 80 (August 21-31, 1962). A total of 51 drags in the 200-300 fathom depth range between longitude 88°46! W. and 87-41' W. yielded 2,616 pounds of 31-35 count heads-off ungraded royal-red shrimp. Major fishing effort by the Oregon was concentrated in the two areas Shown on the cruise chart as A and B. Another 23 drags completed in 225 fath- oms (optimum depth) in Area A yielded1,393 pounds of 31-35 count heads-off shrimp. The best catch in Area A amounted to 130 pounds of heads-off shrimp in a 2-hour drag. Eight tows made in 200 fathoms (optimum depth) in Area B produced 801 pounds of 31- 35 count heads-off shrimp. The best catch was 261 pounds of 31-35 count heads -off shrimp in a 3-hour drag. Smaller catches (10 to 50 pounds heads -off) were made beyond the optimum depth range in both areas. Larger shrimp (21-25 to 26-30 count, all heads-off) were caught in small quantities in 240 to 250 fathoms at the western end of Area B. Peneopsis megalops shrimp (average 52- count heads-on) were caught in amounts up to 183 pounds per two-hour tow at depths ranging from 190 to 200 fathoms. October 1962 A 900-pound sample of royal-redshrimp from both areas was graded, and yielded 500 pounds of 26-30 count (55 percent), 325 pounds of 40-50 count (36 percent), and 75 pounds of 50-60 count (8 percent) shrimp, all heads -off. Hake (Urophysis sp.) and whiting (Mer - luccius sp.) dominated the fish species caught in Areas A and B beyond 200 fathoms. Catch- es of those species combined rangedto1,000 pounds per 2-hour drag. In Area B, large catches of macrourids (other species of crustaceans such as shrimp and lobsters) averaging 1,500 pounds per 2-hour drag were caught in 190-195 fathoms. Two broadbill swordfish (Xiphias gladius) weighing 46 and 57 pounds each were caught in one trawl tow in 190 fathoms in Area B. A two-seam 2-inch mesh nylon balloon- trawl measuring 112 feet along the headrope and fished with 14-foot chain bridle doors, was used in the production trials. The trawl was fished with both loop chain and mudrol- lers and was equipped with a tickler chain. No difficulty was experienced in fishing the area, and gear damage and fouling was neg- ligible. Some catches were lost in Area B due to shark damage to the cod end. That was overcome by the addition of a twine and chain cover over the cod end. Bottom temperatures in, the red shrimp depth, range varied from Oi C tOul ae. (48.2° F. to 53.6° F.). Information on gear used and results of catches was relayed by radiotelephone to interested industry members. A commer- cial shrimp vesselfrom Freeport, Tex., ar~ rivedonthe redshrimp grounds and fished in company with the Oregon. Catches of 1 to 2 boxes of heads-off shrimp per three-hour drag were reported by the commercial ves- sel. Gulf Fishery Investigations SHRIMP DISTRIBUTION STUDIES: M/V "Belle of Texas” Cruise BT-26 (August 17-23, 1962): Shrimp catches by the research vessel Belle of Texas on this cruise were composed of 50 percent large brown shrimp (a little more than 100 pounds) counting 12-15 and 15-20 to the pound. The COMMERCIAL. FISHERIES REVIEW 21 rest of the catches (better than 100 pounds) consisted of modest quantities of smaller brown shrimp ranging from 21-25 to 41-50 count per pound, and only a handful of white and pink shrimp. The best catches of small and medium brown shrimp were made in the 20-40 fathom depth range. The vessel (op- erated by the Galveston Biological Laboratory of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries in studying the distribution of shrimp in the Gulf of Mexico) returned to her home port on August 23. \ ‘bLoutrsStANA U ‘ he eu : fi Oeleees Cy ios 30% £ Tun h Piven, WS Sr) : et, : 2 Q Pe y Nef SS eee t Station pattern for shrimp progra Depth Range 7 z. 15, 25, "38. 45, at ‘60 fathoms in each transect. GouoL rF Oo oF Oo. paw. Ly 96° 94° 920 90° 4 ! 4 at 4 Shows the station pattern for Cruise BT-26 of the M/V Belle of Texas, August 17-23, 1962. NES XP Tom CunO 260 Five statistical areas were worked dur- ing the 7 day cruise, and a 45-foot shrimp trawl was used. One 3-hour tow was made in each of the 3 depth ranges in each area. The largest single catches of 33 pounds each were in the 20-40 fathom depth range in 3 separate areas. These were all brown shrimp of 3 different sizes: 12-15 count in area 16, 21-25 count in area 15, and 31-40 count in area 13. Area 14 yielded 28 pounds of 12-15 count brown shrimp in the 40-60 fathom depth, and 16 pounds of the same size brown shrimp in 20-40 fathoms. The largest catch of any area was 59 pounds in area 15 which netted 24 pounds of 41-50 count brown shrimp and 5 pounds of 15-20 count white shrimp in the depth up to 20 fathoms, as well as the 33 pounds of 21- 25 count shrimp from 20-40 fathoms. Less than one pound of 12-15 count pink shrimp was caught in 0-20 fathoms of that area. Notes: (1) Shrimp catches are heads-on weight; shrimp sizes are the number of heads-off shrimp per pound, (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, Sept. 1962 p. 29. oo 22 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Industrial Fishery Products MENHADEN OIL STIMULATES GROWTH OF CHICKS: Menhaden oil may have unique value in poultry feeds. A scientist at the Lipman Re- search Center, Augusta, Maine, conducted comparative tests on various poultry feeds. Chicks fed a mixture containing 1 percent menhaden oil and 5 percent poultry fat gained more weight than those fed rations contain- ing 6 percent of either hydrolyzed animal and vegetable fat or poultry fat or various com- binations of those fats with menhaden oil other than the combination of 1 percent menhaden oil with 5 percent poultry fat. Efficiency of feed utilization (feed consumed divided by weight gained) with the latter combination was equaled only by 6 percent of hydrolyzed animal and vegetable fat. The results sug- gest that menhaden oil in combination with poultry fat yields better results than one would expect on the basis of the total energy value of the combined fats. The findings were announced in the July 1962 issue of Poultry Science, the official journal of the Poultry Science Association. One percent of fish oil in a broiler ration is very near the maximum ordinarily re- commended and 2 percent is excessive. A taste panel judged the meat of broilers that had received 1 percent menhaden oil "ac- ceptable," that of the ones which received 2 percent "questionable,'' and meat of broilers that received over 2 percent of the oil "un- acceptable" because of "'off'' flavors. The high rates of weight-gain and levels of feed efficiency obtained from menhaden oil and poultry fat raise the question as to whether or not the fish oil in combination with various other fats would yieldresults as good as, or even better than, the results with poultry fat. Further research also should show whether or not menhaden oil will retain its growth-promoting effect in the presence of an antioxidant such as or- dinarily is added to a highly unsaturated oil. ak ke ok ok ook FISH SOLUBLES STIMULATE GROWTH OF CHICKS: There is distinct evidence that fish sol- ubles stimulate the growth of chicks. This finding was announced recently by a group of poultry nutritionists who analyzed data compiled at the U. 8. Department of Agri- culture's Research Center, Beltsville, Md., Vol. 24, No. 10 between 1952 and 1960. The analysis showed that 4-week-old chicks fed fish solubles were significantly heavier than were the controls that received no solubles. The average dif- ference in weight was 6 percent. The num- ber of chicks involved in the study was over 8,000. Half that number of chicks were fed a ration containing solubles but no other non-vegetable protein. The other half were fed an identical ration without solubles. The nutritional study was made with growth data accumulated from routine feed- ing trials, in order to answer questions as to the growth-promoting effect of fish sol- ubles (the liquid separated from fish in the production of fish meal and oil is calledfish solubles). Most investigators who have worked with the product have reported that fish solubles are effective in promoting growth of chicks, but some groups have re- ported negative results. Because of such findings, many specialists have questioned the chick growth-stimulating property of fish solubles, and this prompted the Belts - ville nutritionists to analyze the 8-year ac- cumulation of data. With the new and more recent information at hand, there is little doubt that fish solubles stimulate the growth of chicks. The study was conducted by the Agricul- tural Research Center's poultry nutritionists who used data obtained with crossbred male chicks between the ages of 6 and 28 days. Their findings were reported in the July 1962 issue of Poultry Science, the official journal of the Poultry Science Association. * Ok Ok ook ok U.S. FISH MEAL AND SOLUBLES: Production and Imports, January-July 1962: Based on domestic production and imports, the United States available supply of fish meal for the first 7 months of 1962 was 41,219 short tons or 14.1 percent great- er than during the same period of 1961. Do- mestic production was 1,012 tons or 0.6 per- cent higher, and imports were 40,207 tons or 31.8 percent greater than in the same 7 months of 1961. Peru continued to lead other countries with shipments of 123,859 tons dur - ing the first 7 months of 1962--41,709 tons above the imports in the same periodof1961. The total United States supply of fish meal in calendar year 1961 of 529,100 tons ex- ceeded the peak year 1959 when the quantity amounted to almost 440,000 tons. October 1962 U. S. Supply of Fish Meal and Solubles, January-July 1961-62 and Total for 1961 January-July Total | 1961 1961 pO:0- OD (Shortelons) iq) snerers 1/1962 Fish Meal and Scrap: Domestic production: Menhaden... 141,012 11,617 15839 12,481 141,359 11,378 3,283 9,917 166,949 165,937 27,232 123,859 7,157 26,265 82,150 8,080 1,433 7,716 892 So. Africa Republic ..... 7,984 Other Countries ....... 511 Motal-imports \. ss)... 166,743 126,536 Available fish meal supply 333,692 292,473 Fish Solubles: Domestic production 2/.... 72,534 Imports: (CanadarencnenselersiensiereusKs 1,006 So. Africa Republic...... 789 @ther'Gountries s,s se. 2,801 motaliimpOrts). ss 6 cus) s 4,596 Available fish solubles supply. 1/Preliminary. 2/50-percent solids. Includes production of homogenized condensed fish. 77,130 The United States supply of fish solubles (including homogenized fish) during January- July 1962 was 12,414 tons more than during the same period in 1961. Solubles and ho- mogenized fish of 72,534 tons manufactured from domestically-caught fish made up 94 percent of the 7-months supply in 1962. ok ok ook ok ook FISH MEAL, OIL, AND SOLUBLES: U.S. Production, August 1962: Pre- liminary data on U. S. production of fish meal, oil, and solubles for August 1962 U. S. Production 1/ of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles, August 1962 (Preliminary) with Comparisons st & Gulf Coasts West Coast 2/ 1/Does not include crab meal, shrimp meal, and liver oils. 2/Includes Hawaii, American Samoa, and Puerto Rico. /Includes condensed fish. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 23 At Moss Point, Miss., workers play heavy streams of water onto the fish in the hold of a menhaden vessel. This operation is necessary in order to make the menhaden flow into the stand- pipe and then through a discharge pump located on the dock of the fish reduction plant. as collected by the U. S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries and submitted to the In- ternational Association of Fish Meal Manu- facturers are shown in the table. OK OK OOK U. S. Production, July 1962: During July 1962, 52,600 tons of fish meal andscrapand 6 million gallons of marine-animal oils were produced in the United States. Compared with July 1961, this was a decrease of Chemist examining fish meal scrap in a fish reduction plant at Empire, La. 24 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 10 [ U.S. Production of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles, July 1962, with Comparisons —_— July Jan.-July Total Product 1/1962 1961 1/1962 1961 1961 Sco Udi SuciolooMoto ha (SHaCrRE ANCINS) Sard. G Oho Oloo ob OO O.0 Fish Meal and Scrap: Herr IN GH sielomenenedcuey elie GONOVOLON'Ol. 6 Did. OO Gio dio. d 1,013 1,839 3,283 5,268 Menhadentar/imsiencivenecenersielionsienen sroncirensiie Guacoe: S 47,474 141,012 141,359 247,551 SARdinesPAac hic wis aMetaleaielt shisiet sree sist eilelleiienenatts =. 689 a 2,518 Munavyandymackerele sie, ciisilells lene) Reetenete wen siete oils 1,649 2/11,617 Tua Seite} 21,243 Wneilassitlediynrcnevedeieplienelieneite DUO tof oOo eo Gap 6 2,438 Leper, O 2: 9,917 14,757 MOLAR A rauueise neville elevation enebistiomaneneiislemeteiens 52,574 166,949 165,937 291,337 Shellfish, marine-animal meal and scrap ........ 3/ 3/ oy/ 19,928 esata totalmealvandiscrape scualel sue oe 3/ 3/ 3) 311,265 Hishssolublle sitrsasweteiiecsueweu suet eiwremcuiomsueuses pirstnraisreldoitalita 20,965 64,469 56,894 100,551 : So corded : 1,200 8,065 5,895 11,690 cle siretteWomretis Comrortenteteantcd site Salen (Galllons) A jcisashedey eto ewe eat Oil, body: HEGHING MWA Mens Pool ometicrspiaielience meteheteret ticle 219,457 189,827 333,657 406,757 818,017 Menhadenrai/Mwsnnt crete cierto teeter tei Chere 5,601,930 | 7,057,597 | 16,675,825 | 18,105,058 31,355,570 Sardine Raciticn iors eke ee NOTOUe Cop ct aumtcos = = 19,111 = 86,167 Mhunayandimackereligzaicaeusen dem reewcecveneieuensieiene 64,170 65,608 3205553 292,825 762,509 @ther (including whale)\...). isle silences ssieeee ere Salas 128,315 318,461 474,057 692,948 1,386,542 MOtalSowuy ers vce cea tewouicer mane kena nee eolreie Saentene 6,013,872 7,631,493 | 17,828,200 | 19,497,588 34,408,805 1/Preliminary data. 2/Includes a small quantity produced from thread herring. 3/Not available on a monthly basis. 10,900 tons or 17 percent in meal and scrap ; ; Major Indicators for U.S. Supply of Fish Meal, Solubles, production and 1.6 million gallons or 21 per- le and Oil, August 1962 cent in oil. [Item and Period 1962 | 1961 | 1960 | 1959 | 1958 Bees 2205 (Short Tons) wae In July, menhaden meal amounted to iene ebony noes) 47,500 tons or 90 percent of the meal total Production 1/: Pe F : Octoberl amciens - 16,852] 24,455] 22,026] 11,630 and 5.6 million gallons of the oil production. See i 28/642| 36/239] 36°874| 337185 Auguste an ions ae 41,100] 57,031] 49,709] 47,364] 40,783 There were 21,000 tons of fish solubles januaty= July . . [166,949|162,400]130, 443] 144,865|103,632 . an,~Vec,. prelim, produced in July 1962--600 tons above the totale) 2) ened = 289,039|257,969|275,396|216,510 same month of 1961. The production of ho- Jan.-Dec. final tots] - |311,265]/290,137| 306,551 |248,140 mogenized condensed fish amounted to 1,200 Imports: | tons--about 1,000 tons less than in July 1961. Octoberie seienepee + 9,425] 12,515] 3,821) 5,899 September ..... - 13,941] 9,487] 9,224] 5,079 ‘ ANISUStH nit eoney sella + 19,026 8,340 5,695 5,310 During the first 7 months of 1962, meal Saal ysl Mee ihe oe a aa | Bae 18,710| 13,131] 4,303| 13,546 ; January-June... {140,886 |107,826] 66,375/101,421| 55,946 and scrap production amounted to 166,900 January-December| - |217,846/131,561]132,925|100,352 tons--1,000 tons above the same period of : 2 R a : ; Fish Solubles: 1961. The marine-animal oil yield totaled Production 3/: 17.8 million gallons--a drop of 1.7 million October Weenies S 8,459) 7,192] 12,487] 8,867 il September ..... = 11,232] 12,573] 23,979] 23,049 gailons. AugUSiticben iuewe -... | 16,700] 19,685] 16,921] 29,785] 24,653 January-July... . | 72,534] 62,969] 55,822] 89,051| 58,415 Se taeescise Jan.-Dec, totals.. | - [112,241] 98,929]165,359|130,177 Imports: ; i Octoberie nia seen - 110 - 1,908] 2,54 Major Indicators for We Ss. Supply, August September ..... - 263 38| 1,732 ‘ae 1962: For the first eight months of 1962, August Sei ee tele - 318 180| 4,718] 2,819 ——— : : : ules ee ee 306 708 96| 4,938 607 fish meal and fish oil production was lower January=sune —.. | 4,290} 1,219] 2,518} 3-073] 2,293 by 5.2 percent and 12.0 percent, respec- Jan.-Dec. totals.. | - 6,739| 3,174 26,630 14,567 tively, as compared with the same period = 3 IS TERT Ma aS Ta UA Fo (eer SM tne Cet EY] rhs meet, OOOGallions) iS rcuceeweuetenre of 1961. Fish solubles production showed Fish Body Oils: an increase of 8.0 percent. Production: OCtOberit yr .asians = 1,901] 3,024] 2,176] 1,139 (Table continued on following page) October 1962 and Oil, August 1962 (Contd.) 1962 | 1961 1960 Major Indicators for U. S. Supply of Fish Meal, Solubles, t em and Period | Oncadi A teeete (1,000 Gallons)........ | September ..... - 3,224| 3,939] 2,888] 3,689 AW HUSE o'6 016 6.050 4,500 6,548 4,910 3,877 4,160 January-July 4/ . . | 17,828] 18,815] 12,572] 12,318 9,620 Jan.-Dec. prelim. | totalshwuel Wace. = 33,471 | 26,690| 24,418 | 21,625 Jan.-Dec., final tots. o | 34,416 BUIIT3| 24,978] 22,028 WESpOES: Osteo G5 o605n0 = 2,027 591 1,911 3,591 september tei 2 1,269] 1,861 1,129 665 UES 5 615'6 Slots 6 = 1,774 186 2,449 752 JU vests case lees 17 589 5,414 3,770 791 January-June ... 8,401 9,084] 7,043/ 6,581 | 4,320 Jan.-Dec. totals. . Bi 16,331 [19,154[ 19,264 | 12,539 1/Does not include crab meat, shrimp and misc. meals, 2/Preliminary data computed from monthly data. Fish meal production reported cur- rently comprised 86 percent of the annual total for 1958, 90 percent for 1959, 89 percent for 1960, and 92 percent for 1961, 3/Includes homogenized fish. 4/Preliminary data computed from monthly data. Represents over 95 percent of the total production. Note: Data for 1962 and 1961 are preliminary. Irradiation Preservation IRRADIATED CLAM MEATS TESTED FOR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT AFTER REFRIGERATION: A series of sensory tests to determine if refrigeration of clam meats during irradia- tion results in a detectable improvement in quality was conducted by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Technological Lab- oratory at Gloucester, Mass. Initially, the vitamin content of clams sampled during the Spawning season was determined by using a part ofa carmpie which was irradiated at 350,000 rads=/ and stored for 30 days at 33° F. The experiment showed no signifi- cant difference in quality after that period of storage. 1/Rad = The quantity of ionizing radiation which results in the absorption of 100 ergs per gram of irradiated material at the point of interest, Erg = unit of energy. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1962 p. 24. Michigan NATURAL LAKE TROUT REPRODUCTION PROJECT COMPLETED: A community conservation project which may set the stage for natural lake troutre- production in Higgins Lake, Roscommon County, Mich., was completed early in Au- gust 1962, the State of Michigan Conserva- tion Department reports. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 25 The project is a new Spawning reef for lake trout located about one mile out from the lake's west shore. The reef measures about half the length and twice the width of a football field in an area where the fish are known to concentrate during the fall spawn- ing season. Selection of the project site was also pin- pointed by Michigan Conservation Depart- ment studies which showed the area is free of siltation, and has suitable water temper - atures and currents for egg hatching. Some 200 yards of broken concrete were hauled on barges and dumped in the area by Michigan Conservation Department fisheries workers to create the artificial spawning bar. Lake trout are expected to place their spawn in crevices of concrete chunks where the eggs will be protected from predation by perch and mud puppies. A skin-diving fisheries biologist will check the reef for eggs in early November during the fall spawning season. Plans also call for placing some boxes of lake trout eggs in the area to study hatching results. ES, Mullet DEVELOPMENT OF NEW PRODUCTS: Experiments towards finding new uses for mullet were conducted this summer by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Technological Laboratory at Pascagoula, Miss., ina joint program with the Florida Conservation Department. Butterfly mullet fillets cut from 500 pounds of fish were canned in brine at the Laboratory. The canned product was to go to Florida State institutions for consumer taste-testing. If the canned mullet is ac- ceptable to Florida's State institutions along the Gulf and South Atlantic Coasts, it is be- lieved that a new market could be developed for a large amount of unutilized fish. Another 100 pounds of dressed mullet was shippedfrom Pascagoula to the Fishing Cor- poration's Research Department in Chicago in a joint program to use mullet ina smoked fish sausage, Ameat packer in the Pascagoula a- rea has agreed to try aconsumer market test on the new product. 26 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Navigable Waters DUMPING ILLEGAL: The dumping of petroleum products, garbage, and other refuse into the navigable waters of the United States with resulting pollution is of common concern to everyone, The laws of the United States, Section 13 of the River and Harbor Act of 3 March 1899 (33 USC 407), make it un- lawful to discharge, or suffer, cause, or permit the dis- charge of petroleum products, garbage, or other refuse mat- ter of any kind or description into the navigable waters of the United States. This includes placement on shore or in tributaries so as to be washed into navigable waters; refuse thrown from shore is also included, Every person and every corporation that shall violate, or that shall knowingly aid, abet, authorize, or instigate a violation of this provision shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, Conviction carries a fine not exceeding $2,500 nor less than $500, or imprisonment for not less than 30 days nor more than one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court, One-half of said fine is to be paid to the person or persons giving information which shall lead to conviction (Federal employees are not to benefit). Section 16 of the River and Harbor Act of 3 March 1899 (33 USC 412) states that any boat, vessel, scow, raft, or oth- er craft used or employed in violating any of the provisions listed above shall be liable for the pecuniary penalties speci- fied above and in addition thereto for the damages done by said boat, vessel, scow, raft, or other craft, which latter sum shall be placed to the credit of the appropriation for the im- provement of the harbor or waterway in which the damage oc~- curred, and said boat, vessel, scow, raft, or other craft may be proceeded against summarily by way of libel in any dis- trict court of the United States having jurisdiction thereof, Oceanography COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY TO PARTICIPATE IN INTERNATIONAL INDIAN OCEAN EXPEDITION: Plans were announced in August by the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey for its ves- sel Pioneer to participate in the Internation- al Indian Ocean Expedition. The program has been planned to cover areas where little has been done to date, and to supplement work of the other expeditions. The Pioneer is scheduled to sail in mid-February 1964 from San Francisco, Calif., and will return to San Francisco the following September. In addition to under way observations en route to and from the Indian Ocean, the Pio- neer will concentrate on gravity, magnetic, and hydrographic operations in the Andaman Sea and in the eastern Bay of Bengal. Three north-south profiles of oceano- graphic stations are planned from 5° N. to 5° S. across the Equator south of the Bay of Bengal. Between San Francisco and Hono- lulu the Pioneer will carry out track-line hydrographic, gravity, and magnetic obser- vations for coverage between the West Coast Vol. 24, No. 10 and 155° W. Under way observations will include bathythermograph, surface salinity, and temperature, surface weather and upper air observations, visual observations of sea, swell, marine life, etc. Also included will be such under way biological observations as may be programmed by the biologists. From Honolulu to Guam, under way observations will continue along a track planned to cover a route not previously crossed for such ob- servations. The Pioneer will make three crossings over the Marianas Trench. A sim- ilar program will be carried out with three crossings of the Phillipine Trench northeast of Samar. Under way observations will be continued to Manila. From Manila to Singa- pore, under way operations will continue with one long oblique crossing of the Palawau- North Borneo Trench. From Singapore, the track will be north- west through the Malacca Straits into the Andaman Sea. Sediment cores and bottom photographs will be taken in the Andaman Sea. At the northern end of the Andaman Sea, special lines will be run to determine if submarine channeling extends seaward of the mouths of the Irrawaddi River. From the Andaman Sea, the ship will pass into the Bay of Bengal where the under way operations, cores (or dredgings), and bottom photography will continue along a series of east-west lines from the coast of Burma out to approximately 88° E. Special care will be taken along the more northerly of those lines to look for any south- erly extension of the Ganges Canyon. The Pioneer will carry out a detailed survey of the Ganges Canyon seaward of the continent - al shelf, which will be traced as far seaward as possible. Cores will be obtained from the canyon floor, where possible, and at- tempts will be made to dredge the canyon walls. At the termination of this project the ship will proceed to Trincomalle, Ceylon. When the Pioneer leaves Trincomalle, a supposedly existing canyon will be traced seaward with a set of profiles and anattempt will be made to dredge the walls. Uponcom- pletion of the Canyon Survey, three north- south sections of oceanographic stations will be occupied from 5° N. to 5° S. along 84° E., 88° E., and 92° E. The track to Djkarta is tentatively planned to accomplish two cross- ings of the northeastward extension of the trend of the Java Trench. October 1962 From Djkarta, under way observations will be carried out through the Java Sea, Macassar Strait, Celebes Sea, and from there to the Palau Islands. Under way ob- servations will be continued to Guam. From Guam, three more crossings would be made of the Marianas Trench, and then to Hono- lulu along a line parallel to the track run on the way out. From Honolulu to San Francisco the track would be along one of the predeter - mined routes. These preliminary plans are only tenta- tive and may change as biologists and me- teorologists! ideas take shape, and results of other ships operating in the Eastern In- dian Ocean become available. (National Oceanographic Data Center Newsletter, Au- gust 15, 1962.) OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM DEVELOPED BY DUKE UNIVERSITY: Recent developments in the Biological Oceanography Program of Duke University's Marine Laboratory (located at Beaufort, N.C.) were announced in August. Much of the data collected under the program are to be given to the National Oceanographic Data Center, Washington, D. C. The laboratory's area of operations is likely to extend from Beaufort, N. C., south to Florida, and north to Virginia. Going eastward, the laboratory will probably concentrate its investigations in the Gulf Stream and the Sargasso Sea. The majority of the work scheduled in the program will be on shallow-water processes along the con- tinental shelf, but some work will be done in deep water off Cape Hatteras. The work to be undertaken will involve hydrographic observations, submarine ge- ology, fisheries studies, and basic marine biological studies at sea. Those are the major aspects of the study programmed by Duke University, and also by various uni- versities and laboratories involved in the Cooperative Ship Program. As it now stands, the program has three major phases: (1) Cooperative Ship Program as a means of reaching the research goals of the cooperating agencies and institutions; (2) teaching of oceanography; and (3) graduate research in oceanography. (National Ocea- nographic Data Center Newsletter, August 15, 1962.) \ COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 27 Oregon EFFECTS OF SEISMIC EXPLOSIONS ON MARINE LIFE PROBED: Seismic explosions detonated by oil ex- ploration crews operating off the Oregon coasts were charged to be seriously damag- ing fish, shellfish, and other marine life. The charges were to be probed in an investigation scheduled for September 6-7, 1962, by the Oregon Fish Commission. Oregon's water resources analyst for the State fisheries agency stated the initial biological experi- ment would be conducted off Astoria on Sep- tember 6. That phase of the investigation was to determine if appreciable damage was being done to such species as sole, flounder, and Pacific ocean perch, which comprise a high percentage of Oregon's important trawl fishery landings. A chartered Astoria trawler, the Betty, accompanied by the Shell Oil Company seis - mic boat Miss Ida, and an observer boat, were to move into an area between the Co- lumbia lightship and Cape Falcon, in waters from 20 to 50 fathoms. When fish were lo- cated with fish-detection equipment, the trawler was to make two 1-hour tows, the second following as closely as possible the course of the first tow. At the end of the second tow, the seismic boat would begin detonating a series of charges suspended 3 to 5 feet beneath the surface along the same track, spacing the blasts at =-mile intervals. The powder charges were to be the same as those used in routine seismic work--5-pound charges in water up to 200 feet in depth, and 162 pounds in water deeper than 200 feet. The trawler would again lay down fishing gear and follow closely behind the shot boat in an effort to determine if there were any change in abundance of fish. A second post-blast tow would be made back along the shot linein an attempt to pick up possible fish kills sink- ing to the bottom. Catches were to be analyzed closely for species composition, size composition, total poundage, and for dead or injured fish. The catches were to be retained aboard the trawl- er and later marketed in the regular manner by the fisherman. Filleting operations were to be observed by Oregon Fish Commission biologists for signs of damage to individual fish attributed to the seismic explosions. Expenses for the biological investigation are to be paid by the oil companies engaged in seismic operations. 28 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW In another phase of the project, Dungeness crabs of various sizes held in commercial crab pots in waters off Newport were to be subjected to typical seismic explosions. Half of the experimental pots would be pulled for examination immediately following the ex- plosions, while others would be left for 72 hours to determine if there was any delayed mortality. Crabs held in pots not subjected to explosions were to be compared with ex- perimental animals. The Oregon State Police were to provide a boat and crew to assist Oregon Fish Commission biologists in con- ducting that phase of the investigation. SCUBA divers from both the Washington Department of Fisheries and Oregon Fish Commission were to make underwater ob- servations during the two phases of the study. Oysters LONG ISLAND SOUND OBSERVATIONS ON SPAWNING AND SETTING AS OF AUGUST 17: Setting of Starfish: Observations showed that setting of starfish continued from the latter part of July through the middle of Au- gust 1962, reports the U. 8S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Milford, Conn. With the exception of the Bridgeport area, setting remained very light, especially in New Haven Harbor where vir - tually none occurred during that period. Setting of Oysters: Examination of plank- ton samples collected on July 30 showed an almost complete absence of bivalve larvae. The situation had improved somewhat by August 2 when only two early umbo oyster larvae were found. On August 6 a small number of young oyster larvae was found at 3 stations andata recently established station, but none was found at another station. The majority of the larvae was less than 150 microns long. Samples collected on August 13 contained a few oyster larvae at 4 stations, but none at another station. The majority of the larvae was less than 200 microns long except for several that were somewhat larger, and up to 290 microns long. The larger larvae were found at stations established in Lewis Gut. Plankton samples collected on August 16 indicated irregular distribution of larvae. Vol. 24, No. 10 But since a comparatively large number of mature larvae was found at the New Haven and Bridgeport stations, an increase in in- tensity of setting may develop in the vicinity of those two points. It is also possible that the small patches of oyster larvae found at 2 stations may be carried by currents for some distances before they set. Setting of oysters began July 18, but was largely confined to 3 stations in the New Ha- ven area. That wave of setting continued until about July 29 and then ended, without spreading to other areas, especially Bridge- port. With the exception of a single spat re- corded from time to time on some collectors, virtually no setting of oysters occurred at any of the stations from the latter part of July to the middle of August. An auxiliary station was recently estab- lished in the Bridgeport area at the point where 4 lots join. The new auxiliary station serves as the control for the stations estab- lished in Lewis Gut, which had been chemi- cally treated, and also because several oys- ter companies planted shells in that area. (Bulletin No. 3, August 17, 1962, issued by the Milford Biological Laboratory.) she si sle ste K OOK Ok OK OK LONG ISLAND SOUND OBSERVATIONS ON SPAWNING AND SETTING AS OF AUGUST 27: Setting of Oysters: As reported earlier in August 1962, the first wave of oyster setting, confined largely to the New Haven stations, continued until about July 29 and then vir- tually ceased, However, the presence of a comparatively large number of mature larvae, found around August 16 at a station in New Haven and one in Bridgeport, indicated a second wave of setting, reports the U. S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Milford, Conn. This proved to be correct and on August 17 oysters began to set in shallow stations in Milford and 2 stations in the New Haven area. The Bridgeport stations showed a light set until about August 22 when a good number of recently- set oysters were found on the collectors from a Bridge- port station, At one station located near Lighthouse Point in New Haven Harbor, the second wave of setting had been com- paratively light but continued, while at a recently-estab- lished station in Bridgeport oysters set rather heavily on August 23, Judging that the majority of recently-set oys- ters found on the collectors on August 23 were less than one day old, setting was expected to continue for several days. This is especially true of 2 stations in the Bridge- port area, Setting of Starfish: Contrary to the increase in inten- sity of setting of oysters, starfish setting remained light throughout the oyster-producing area, especially at the shallow stations of Milford and all stations of the New Ha- ven area, Development of Method for Chemical Control of Oys- ter Enemies: Continuing observations under natural con- ditions on the effectiveness of the Milford method upon October 1962 ee) RAS RY & anil EER Biologists of U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Milford, Conn., spraying a chemical over oyster drill-infested bed. boring gastropods, an experiment was conducted in coop- eration with the Northern Oyster Company, Inc., at Fire- place, Long Island, where ten acres of oyster bottom heav- ily infested with drills were covered on August 10 at the rate of 3.5 yards of chemically-treated sand per acre, Af- ter the treatment, a trap line (with 10 traps baited with mussels)\was placed across the treated area and an iden- tical line was placed on the untreated section. One week after the treatment the trap lines were fished and exam- ined, The examination indicated that over 90 percent of the drills on the treated area were killed. A week later examination of the traps gave only 6 drills and no starfish, while the traps from the control area contained 306 drills and 74 starfish. Thus, 2 weeks after treatment the popu- lation of drills on the treated area was reduced by approx- imately 98 percent, In connection with this experiment it should be empha- sized that the Fireplace oyster bed, located near the tip of Long Island, lies virtually in the open ocean at a con- siderable depth. Thus, treatment of such an area present- ed many difficulties, nevertheless, it apparently has been a success. Properly trained employees of the Northern Oyster Company, Inc., will continue trap studies as long as neccessary. Observations in Lewis Gut, Bridgeport, which was treat- ed earlier in the season, indicate that drills are still virtu- ally absent, In trying various anti-drill compounds last-year, two ex- perimental lots in New Haven Harbor were treated with dif- ferent quantities of a crystalline material, paradichloroben- zene. The treatment reduced the drill population but not as effectively as the mixture of sand, Polystream and Sevin, At present, tests are being made to determine whether the addition of Sevin to crystals of paradichlorobenzene increases its effectiveness against drills. Laboratory experiments con- ducted so far indicate that when Sevin is added to paradichlo- robenzene the drills are affected more quickly and more severely, This experiment will continue and may develop in- to another modification of the basic method developed by the Laboratory. (Bulletin No, 4, August 27, 1962.) FUNGUS PARASITE THAT KILLS OYSTERS TO BE STUDIED: Research on a fungus parasite that is kill- ing oysters in the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic is to be conducted by a marine biol- ogist of the Texas Agricultural and Mining College. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 29 The marine biologist will investigate the effects of antibiotics on fungus parasites in oysters with the help of a $5,175 grant from the National Institutes of Health. He is an assistant professor of oceanography at Texas A & M College, and will conduct his research at the College's Marine Laboratory at Fort Crockett, Galveston. The fungus parasite (Dermocystidium marinum) is the cause of considerable mor - tality to oysters in warm Seasons in rela- tively high salinity ocean areas, the re- searcher said. Oyster beds are being de- pleted drastically and the industry is failing. The biologist doing the research will con- duct physiological and nutritional studies of oysters under laboratory conditions. All commercially available antifungal antibiotics will be tested for effects on the oyster fungus parasite. (Science News Letter, September I POLK Ad) Shrimp RESEARCH PROGRAM EXPANDED: The Gulf of Mexico shrimp research pro- gram of the U. 8S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries will be expanded this year because of the additional funds voted by the United States Congress. The sharp drop in land- ings of shrimp from the Gulf of Mexico in 1961, because of unknown natural factors, emphasized the need for more knowledge about the causes of fluctuation in this im- portant marine resource. Commercial land- ings by Gulf fishermen in 1961 were little more than half the amount expected normally. With the addition of $325,000 this year, the Bureau's biological research program, aimed at ultimately developing a method of predicting the seasonal abundance of shrimp and better management of this valuable re- source, will reach a level of $750,000 annu- ally. Another $100,000 has been added to studies of fishing gear improvement in the hope of reducing costs through more efficient shrimp fishing. A considerable amount of research has been done along this line, but it needs to be accelerated, because of the constantly in- creasing pressure of competition of foreign fishery products in the United States markets. Price is one of the competitive factors, and under normal producing conditions United 30 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW States fishermen must seize every opportu- nity to hold a favorable position. Because of the wide-spread interest in shrimp research by all of the States border - ing the Gulf of Mexico, the Gulf States Ma- rine Fisheries Commission sponsored a joint meeting between Federal representa- tives and State research men early in Sep- tember to work out final details of the ex- panded shrimp research program. seincte a asic seine UNITED STATES SHRIMP SUPPLY INDICATORS, AUGUST 1962: IE 1961 [1960 1959 [1958 Item and Period October pay ae O 2 12,696] 21,690} 19,601] 16,462 September... -nets = 9,691] 18,832) 18,331] 15,847 Augustresshets chetetee 11,200] 10,944] 20,441) 18,595] 14,173 January-July..... 44,200} 41,530} 58,521) 53,004) 49,555 January~December. 5 91,395]141,035]130,660]116,552 uantity canned, Gulf States 1/ 1 Octobexyaertcnsueeste = 2,307] 2,567) 2,531] 3,489 September: cyoietere.< a 785) 2,236) 2,108] 2,825 ANUgUs tremenometedston ets 1,400 1,206) 5,041 2,427) 2,809 January-July. .... 11,600 8,447] 16,159} 14,023] 11,914 January~December. = 15,760} 28,594) 24,679] 26,404 Frozen inventories (as of end of each mo.) 2/: Octoberisil err = 17,811) 31,209] 33,057] 24,620 September 30 .... = 13,361] 26,119] 18,079] 16,896 Auigust:3 Sees sy ctoe 4/ 12,728) 20,171] 23,780] 15,274 uly to tecesmey eae 13,677| 14,849] 17,397] 22,357) 12,351 Juney3OLerene aeeaeneye 13,796| 19,416] 15,338] 19,283] 10,664 Mayrsileeteucrelsisiel(ve 13,904] 24,696) 17,540) 21,137] 11,013 Januarysslineesceners = 31,842] 34,332] 30,858] 17,963 Teanerte SV fr Octobert are 16,831] 14,211] 15,340] 11,463 September. 5 610.5 6. Gig 6.000 O00 010 oO 127,920 19,317 IIREWOO 6 cae toto G.000,0.0-0 155 463 MotalMeriShys asc.) susy sie) « eons 129,075 20,148 Shrimp: (GWAtSmal agar carci cut cnet ielict susie 54,796 27,383 MAS alvad ong oueasivelcienemeenesisiene 102,334 67,841 INT CAG ACU Aerator sehen steneicie te ce 526,008 172,437 CostapRicalarsucteysissc sesifetelspene 33,669 12,787 Ranainamen metic lemcoosseS 118,612 Wene Zelaya clerescutrie te yc iets cere 668,525 306,004 INCVACYOS GidinesigaGicntaGEocLere-tic 12,210. 3,440 Wiexsd CORWMeielteheiete tirel nels eleteite 6,072 3,850 Motalyshrimp) (pee cticperle: efeteiei|1L 036,042 712,354 Shellfish other than Shrimp: BritishpHonduras}. jis alee svleks 46,674 29,737 FLONGUN AS iapeelenewer er sl ctekons tectsifs 55,613 46,856 (CostagRicaweyewsvene ss sucueuersitew ee 1,400 1,247 IPEMMERETE) (4 Gio Olg OC. Ore OID DIO OIG Did 1,040 1,011 AINA Agomen Miele ey siejetensilegee 14,900 10,880 Netherlands Antilles........ 1,761 684 Wenezuellaimcnsweliciceulsascsinciieisyateiis 18,703 12,158 UVleni CObmeneiepieneiiensianeicicdersseacis 11,726 6,889 (Guatemala roy aokeid co oueweWereece 2,370 1,880 Leeward and Windward Islands. 9,212 3,268 INN CENTAGE GIG Biola 6 cictoly 6 bidedes 390 281 JIEVSEING (6 /aNG Io GIa-ore 6 score a 26 330 ISETINOS 6 oo iO Raat oo Os Os0 80 207 Total Shellfish (exc. shrimp). 163,895 115,428 GrandiMotalyicseseedetleteve | 1,929 812 847,930 1/When the country of origin is not known, the country of shipment is shown. 2/Gross weight of shipments, including the weight of containers, wrappings, crates, and moisture content. 3/F.o.b. point of shipment. Does not include U. S. import duties, air freight, or insurance, Note: These data are included in the over-all import figures for total imports; i. e., these imports are not to be added to other import data published. Source: United States Airbome General Imports of Merchandise, FT 380, January, ie February, and March 1962, U. S. Department of Commerce. tell) airborne imports in the first quarter of 1962. The leading suppliers of airborne imports of shrimp and prawns during the period were Venezuela with 40.8 percent of the total and Nicaragua with 32.1 percent of the total. The data as issued do not show the state of the product--fresh, frozen, or canned, but it is believed that the bulk of these airborne im- ports is fresh and frozen products. Wholesale Prices EDIBLE FISH AND SHELLFISH, AUGUST 1962: The August 1962 wholesale price index for edible fishery products (fresh, frozen, and canned) at 121.6 percent of the 1957-59 base was up 2,2 percent from the previous month, and was also higher by 10.1 percent from August 1961. High- er wholesale prices for fresh large haddock, fresh halibut, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 35 ee Fig. 1 - Hand-weighing shrimp in a cannery located in Biloxi, Miss. and salmon, and fresh and frozen shrimp this August were mainly responsible for the increase over July, but prices for Maine canned sardines dropped sharply from July to Au- gust, The fresh and frozen drawn, dressed, or whole finfish subgroup this August rose 6,7 percent from July, Prices this August were higher for all products in the subgroup, except for fresh Lake Superior drawn whitefish at Chicago (down 12.4 percent), Prices were higher at Boston for large ex-vessel haddock (up 11.4 percent), and at New York City for fresh dressed Pacific halibut (up 4.4 percent) and fresh dressed king salmon (up 7.7 percent). Great Lakes yellow pike at New York City was up 5.3 percent from July to August. Compared with the same month the previous year, the subgroup index this August was 15.4 percent high- er, Substantially higher prices at New York City for fresh dressed halibut (up 23.6 percent) and fresh dressed king salmon (up 20.0 percent) and at Boston for large ex-vessel haddock (up 11.1 percent), were offset only slightly by the lower prices for Lake Superior whitefish (down 17.9 per- cent) and yellow pike (down 9,1 percent). Higher fresh shrimp prices at New York City (up 8.3 per- cent) were responsible for a 3,7-percent increase in the pro- cessed fresh fish and shellfish subgroup index this August. The demand for shrimp was good and market conditions were even stronger despite some increase in seasonal South Atlan- tic shrimp landings. Prices for fresh haddock fillets at Bos- ton were down 5.2 percent from July to August because of Fig. 2 - View in front of wholesaler's stand in the "old shed" of the salt-water section of Fulton Fish Market, New York City. Boxed fish ready for shipment, 36 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 10 (igs Table 1 - Wholesale Average Prices and Indexes for Edible Fish and Shellfish, August 1962 With Comparisons Point of Avg. Prices 1/ Indexes 2/ Group, Subgroup, and Item Specification Pricing Unit (3) aa (1957-59=100) Aug. | July 1962 | 1962 ALL FISH & SHELLFISH (Fresh, Frozen, & Canned) . . Fresh & Frozen Fishery Products:. ....... Drawn, Dressed, or Whole Finfish; ...... Haddock, Ige., offshore, drawn, fresh .... Halibut, West., 20/80 lbs., drsd., fresh or froz. Salmon, king, lge. & med., drsd., fresh or froz. Whitefish, L.Superior, drawn, fresh ..... Yellow pike, L. Michigan & Huron, rnd., fresh . Boston Processed, Fresh (Fish & Shellfish);. .... New York New York Chicago New York 3/Recomputed to be comparable to 1957-59=100 base indexes. Fillets, haddock, sml., skins on, 20-1b. tins. . ./ Boston tb. oT 439) Shrimp, lge. (26-30 count), headless, fresh . . .| New York | Ib. 98} .90 Oysters, shucked, standards ...... . . «| Norfolk gal.} 7.50] 7.50 126.5] 126.5 ProcesSedj)Frozen\(Eish Se Shellfish):arep eerste isha olive. vel aloo Liga oli elite Migtaiolia 117.8] 113.3 Fillets; Flounder, skinless, l-lb.pkg. ..... A0) .39 100.1 98.9] 96.3] 97.6 Haddock, sml., skins on, Lib. PK Terrenrenne o30| 34 101.1 98.2 96.7 95.2 Ocean perch, lge., skins on 1-1b. pkg.. . 30) .30 105.2} 103.4 | 106.1; 99.9 Shrimp, lge. (26-30 count), brown, 5-1b. pkg. . . 1.08] 1.03 128.1) 122.2] 122.2 96.7 Canned Fishery Products:. ....... O Bho olan BARA aie eal fal geal lire 117.4 | 120.1 | 120.1] 112.5 Salmon, pink, No. 1 tall (16 0z.), 48 cans/cs. . . .{ Seattle 28.50 | 28.50 124.2} 124.2 | 124.2) 122.0 Tuna, lt. meat, chunk, No. 1/2 tuna (6-1/2 o0z.), ABICANS/CS-Hategct's olkabtelned oncliciich: tioned sre | LOS'Angeles 12.15 | 12.15 107.9] 107.9) 107.9) 97.7 Sardines, Calif., tom. pack, No. 1 oval (15 oz.), PA(CANS/CS..0 is) sieie oie. s+, © \e 6) «ee 6. || LoSAngele. 5.25| 5.25 118.5) 118.5 | 118.5} 101.5 Sardines, Maine, keyless oil, 1/4 drawn (3-3/4 0z.), 100 cans/es._ . .....~.~. ~. ~~ «|New York |cs.| 9.31}11.31 119.4] 145.1 | 145.1] 132.2 1/Represent average prices for one day (Monday or Tuesday) during the week in which the 15th of the month occurs. These ~ prices are published as indicators of movement and not necessarily absolute level. Daily Market News Service ‘‘Fishery Products Reports’”’ should be referred to for actual prices. 2/Beginning with January 1962 indexes, the reference base of 1947-49=100 was superseded by the new reference base of ~ 1957-59=100. heavier small haddock landings as compared to the substanti- ally lower landings of large haddock. When compared with Au- gust 1961, the subgroup index this August was 3.9 percent high- er because of increased prices for fresh haddock fillets (up 21.2 percent) and a 12.7 percent increase in fresh shrimp prices at New York City. The price index for processed frozen fish and shellfish this August rose 4,0 percent from July and was up 20.9 percent from August 1961. From July to August, the market was stronger for frozen shrimp at Chicago (prices were up 4.8 per- cent) because of very low supplies, and those prices were up 32.5 percent from August 1961. In August, prices for frozen haddock fillets were up 3.0 percent, ocean perch fillets rose 1.7 percent, and flounder fillets were up 1.2 percent as com- pared to the previous month, As compared with August 1961, prices for all fillets in the subgroup were higher. Canned fishery products prices this August were unchanged for all items except canned Maine sardines. A 17.7-percent drop in canned Maine sardine prices from July to August was responsible for a 2.3-percent decline in the subgroup index, As of the end of August, the Maine sardine pack of about 1.5 mil- lion standard cases was about 3 times greater than the pre- vious season’s pack and prices were 9.7 percent lower than at the same time last year. Canned tuna stocks at the end of Au- gust 1962 were liberal, but prices were still 10.4 percent high- er than a year earlier. Stocks of California sardines this Au- gust were about exhausted and prices for that product were 16.7 percent higher than in August 1961. October 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 37 International INTERNATIONAL PACIFIC HALIBUT COMMISSION PACIFIC HALIBUT FISHING IN AREAS 2 AND 1 ENDED SEPTEMBER 8: The International Pacific Halibut Commission on August 29 announced the closure of Area 2 and Area 1 to halibut fishing effective at 6:00 p.m. (P.S.T.) September 8, 1962. The Com- mission estimated that the 28-million-pound limit set for Area 2 would be caught by the closing date. Area 1, which has no catch limit, will also be closed on the same date as Area 2, In 1961, when Area 1 consisted of two areas, the part des- ignated Area 1B closed on the same date as Area 2, but the part designated Area 1A was open to fishing until October Ik Fishing in Area 3A ended on August 11, 1962, Fishing in Areas 1, 2, and 3A is ended until the areas are reopened in 1963. Area 1 includes the waters south of Willapa Bay, Wash.; Area 2, the waters between Willapa Bay and Cape Spencer, Alaska; Area 3A, the waters between Cape Spencer and the Shumagin Islands of the Alaska Peninsula. The official opening date for all halibut fishing in the North Pacific regulatory area this year was May 9 at 6:00 p.m. (P.S.T.), except that fishing in Area 3B South started on April 19 and Area 3B North started on March 28, Areas 2 and 1 this year were open to halibut fishing for 122 days. Areas 2 and 1B were open for 120 days in 1961, 91 days in 1960, 68 days in 1959, 59 days in 1958, 47 days in 1957, and 38 days in 1956. Before the ‘“‘lay-over’’ provision was adopted in 1956, halibut seasons were shorter. The ‘‘lay- over’’ rule requires halibut vessels to remain in port for a specified rest period after each trip. The fishing season in Areas 2 and 1B was only 24 days in 1955, 21 days in 1954, and 24 days in 1953. Fishing in Area 3B South was to continue until 6:00 p.m, (P.S.T.) September 30, 1962. Fishing in Area 3B North was to continue until 6:00 p.m. (P.S.T.) October 15, 1962, Area 3B South includes the waters west of Area 3A, not including the Bering Sea. Area 3B North includes the waters in the Bering Sea, Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1962 p. 52. INTERNATIONAL NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES COMMISSION FISHING PROBLEMS DISCUSSED AT INTERIM MEETING: Top fisheries officials and experts of Can- ada, Japan, andthe United States on August 22, 1962, concluded a week-long meeting in search of a solution of certain of their joint fishing problems in the northern North Pa- cific Ocean. The main purpose of the special meeting, in which 27 persons took part, was to dis- cuss expanding Japanese bottom-trawling operations in areas of the eastern North Pa- cific Ocean where Canadian and United States fishermen fish for halibut with long lines. Al- though Japan, under the terms of a tri-partite fisheries treaty, abstains from taking halibut in the eastern Bering Sea and the eastern North Pacific, her fishermen trawl for other species of groundfish in those areas. Since halibut and other groundfish are usually found on the same grounds, a difficult situation has arisen. Up to the present, Japanese bottom trawl- ing operations in the Gulf of Alaska have been limited to small-scale exploratory operations. North of the Aleutian Islands, in the eastern Bering Sea, both Japanese and Soviet trawlers have developed large bottom-fishing opera- tions. Their total catch in 1961 was approxi- mately 1.5 billion pounds. Halibut apparently formed a very small proportion of that catch. Entry of a sizable fleet of trawlers from the U.S.S.R., which is not a signatory to the North Pacific Treaty, into the Gulf of Alaska has increased the complexity of the problem and strengthened pressure in Japan for entry of her fleets into the Gulf. Discussions at the meeting centered on the question of how Japan may exercise her right to fish for species of groundfish other than halibut in the Gulf of Alaska in a way which will minimize damage to the halibut stocks, which Japan has agreed to abstain from fish- ing. Although final conclusions were not reached at the meeting, spokesmen for all the member countries expressed satisfaction at the degree of understanding of each others' problems which was achieved. It is believed that information developed at the meeting will enable the Commission to resolve the joint problems at its 1962 Annual Meeting, which will be held in Seattle, Wash., in November 1962. An expert from the International Pacific Halibut Commission took part in the meeting of scientists and presented information on 38 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW International (Contd.): recent surveys of the distribution and abun- dance of halibut in. the Gulf of Alaska. CENTRAL AMERICAN COMMON MARKET COSTA RICA JOINS: Costa Rica formally joined the Central American Common Market on July 23, 1962. The member states of the region which have now signed the General Treaty of Central A- merican Economic Integration are Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nica- ragua, At the end of July representatives of those countries meeting in San Jose, Costa Rica, signed further agreements establishing uni- form tariffs on more than 95 percent of all products entering the area. In June 1962 Costa Rica and Nicaragua formally ratified the 10-year Treaty of Pref- erential Exchange and Free Trade, signed in August 1961 by Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama. This tripartite agreement is simi- lar to the Economic Association Treaty rati- fied by El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras in April 1960, and likewise aims at speeding the process of economic integration. Both agreements are allowed within the frame- work of the General Treaty of Central Amer- ican Economic Integration. (Fortnightly Re- view, August 11, 1962, of Bank of London & South America, Ltd.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1961 p. 31. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION FISHERIES DISCUSSED AT SIXTH REGIONAL CONFERENCE FOR THE NEAR EAST: Two recommendations were sent to the Director-General of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) with regard to fisheries by the Sixth FAO Regional Conference for the Near East held at Tel Ama- ra, Lebanon, July 30 to Au- gust 8, 1962. The recom- mendations were: (1) to assist in training person- nel, and (2) to advise mem- ber governments on the need for fish industry sur- veys. Member countries that have or are planning to increase the fishing industries in their countries include: Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, Vol. 24, No. 10 United Arab Republic, Pakistan, Sudan, and Libya. The Conference was attended by Delega- tions from the following countries: Afghani- stan, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, United Arab Republic, Yemen, France (representing French Somaliland), and the United Kingdom (representing Aden, Bahrein, Muscat and Oman, Qatar, and Tru- cial Oman). The following countries were represented by observers: Denmark, the Netherlands, and the United States. (United States Embassy, Beirut, report of August 16, 1962.) FISHING METHODS AND GEAR SEMINAR IN SOVIET UNION: A seminar and study tour on fishing meth- ods and fishing-gear technology, for partici- pants from Asian and African countries, in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics from August 18 to September 22, 1962, were spon- sored by the Food and Agriculture Organiza- tion (FAO). The seminar and tour were organized by FAO's Fisheries Division at the invitation of and in cooperation with the U.S.5S.R. Govern- ment under the technical assistance program of the United Nations. The two-week seminar was held in Moscow; the tour lasted three weeks and covered fisheries in Astrakhan, Baku, Yalta, and other places of fishing in- terest. Some 25 to 30 participants were expected to attend, most of them officers charged with developing fishing industries in their home countries. Most of the countries invited were tropical or subtropical and emphasis was on warm-water fishing from small and medium mechanized craft of 25 to 100 feet in length. The seminar and tour concentrated on fish- ing methods of main importance in Asian and African countries--long-lining and gill-net- ting, trawling in shallow water for fish and shrimp, tuna fishing and fishing with various types of traps, encircling nets, and purse seines. It also studied electronic devices for fish detection, and attracting fish by light. Director of the seminar and tour was pro- vided by the U.S.S.R., with an associate di- rector from FAO, HK Soke ste (OK, 3K October 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 39 International (Contd.): WORLD MEETING ON TUNA BIOLOGY URGES EXPANSION OF TUNA RESEARCH: Fisheries biologists from around the world are urging stepped up efforts toward solving one of the sea's oldest riddles--the tuna--its behavior, migratory routes, spawning grounds, size of stocks, and the oceanic environment natural to each of the various species. The international movement to supply an- swers to the many mysteries surrounding this most important of commercial fishcomes as a result of the World Scientific Meeting on the Biology of Tunas and Related Species held in July 1962 in La Jolla, Calif, At that 12-day meeting--first of its kind to be held on a global basis--248 scientists from 18 nations passed 20 resolutions, all of them designed to both expand and speed up all phases of world tuna investigation. Oneof the most important was for the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)-- sponsor of the La Jolla meeting--to set up a Continuing Committee for the Facilitation of . Tuna Research. The proposed Continuing Committee would be made up of from 12 to 15 outstanding scientists from various countries, with a secretariat provided by FAO. The Commit- tee will oversee the implementation of the Meeting's resolutions. In a recent interview at FAO's Rome head- quarters, the Director of the Organization's Fisheries Division said FAO has acceptedthe biologists! proposal and is now moving to- ward the establishment of the Committee. "We've needed such a committee for a long time,'' he said. ''Most tunas live in interna- tional waters and practically all the mari- time nations do at least some tuna fishing. These nations and their scientists are going to have to pull together if we are to make the fullest and wisest use of the sea's tuna re- sources." Too Many Unknowns: Men have fished tuna since biblical times. Tunas are taken in all the world's oceans. There is no other major commercial fish that has such an in- ternational character, Since the end of the Second World War tuna fishing has developed into one of the world's greatest sea indus- tries. During the past ten years alone the total catch has nearly doubled--from 500,000 metric tons in 1953 to just under a million this year. Japan and the United States, in that order, dominate tuna fishing, but Peru, France, India, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Norway, and West Germany also support thriving tuna fishing fleets and Australia, South Africa, Brazil, and several other nations, particularly the West African ones, are striving to enlarge their own tuna fisheries. Despite all this, scientists and fishermen agree, there are still altogether too many un- knowns about the fish. Where, for instance, are the great tuna spawning grounds? Just how many species and subspecies of tuna are there and what is the difference between them ? What is the most efficient way to fish each species? What are the tuna migration routes? What is the life span of these fish? And per- haps most important of all, how much tuna can be taken without depleting the oceans!’ natural stocks? It is to answer this last question that there is particularly chronic need for more and bet- ter catch and total-fishing-effort statistics. "Aside from the obvious value of tuna fish- ing to a country's economy,'' the Fisheries Division Director said. ''We need to take as much tuna as possible to help feed the world's explosively growing population. Tuna is apro- tein-rich fish and it is precisely protein that is most lacking in the diet of our already too numerous undernourished. "But to fish tuna really scientifically, we need to know a lot more answers than we have now." Food Through Research: It was because of this need for more answers that FAO de- cided to call the La Jolla meeting. As one scientist put it: ''A much greater understand- ing of the oceans of the world is needed not only in explaining the availability of tunas, but also in relation to all the natural resources of the sea." The La Jolla group expressed much inter- est in the forthcoming 27-nation International Indian Ocean Expedition. Among their rec- ommendations, the scientists urged that the expedition study the Indian Ocean's tuna wealth and take advantage of the opportunity to test the latest fishing gear and methods of collect- ing larvae and young tunas. The inclusion of tuna study in this expedi- tion could go far toward stimulating tuna fish- ing in the countries bordering on the Indian 40 International (Contd.): Ocean. All 27 of them are in need of greater supplies of protein rich foods. On the systematics of tuna, the biologists recommended that a few major centers be selected for the housing of large scombroid fish collections. Three were cited as spe- cially qualified: The United States National Museum of Washington, D. C., The Museum National d'Historie Naturelle of Paris, and the Fisheries Department of Kyoto University in Japan. The biologists also called on all tuna fish- ing nations to launch wider tagging programs, using improved tags and better coordinated systems of recovery. Tagging has proved to be one of the best methods for identifying tuna stocks, growth, and migrations. As Japan and the United States are the world leaders in tuna fishing, the Conference urged the two nations to carry outa joint co- operative study of the albacore and bluefin tunas of the Northern Pacific. Bluefin, the largest of the six major species, and alba- core, a light meat tuna, make up the bulk of the Japanese and American tuna catches. The other principal species are the big- eyed, yellowfin, skipjack, and the bonitos. In size, the tunas range from bonitos of less than 18 inches in length and 10 pounds in weight to the regal bluefins that sometimes reach 15 feet and more than 1,500 pounds. West Africa is another potentially rich tuna fishing area that drew the La Jolla bi- ologists' attention. They suggested that FAO aid West African countries in setting up a regional commission similar to the Inter- American Tropical Tuna Commission. The latter's work has greatly contributed to the development of tuna fishing in American wa- ters. A last important recommendation of the La Jolla group requested FAO's Director General to call a world meeting of experts on the economic aspects of tuna fisheries. FAO, the Fisheries Division Director re- ports, agrees such a meeting should be held. "Tf all goes well," he said. ''We'!ll try to hold it in late 1964 or early 1965." Probable Future Trends: In the course of the La Jolla meeting, with so many of the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 10 world's finest tuna biologists on hand, predic- tions as to future trends inevitably came up. Some of these were: 1. By 1970 the world tuna demand will probably reach 1.5 million tons, 50 percent again over present world landings. This means there is still plenty of room--room for all--for expanding the various tuna fisheries. 2. The greatest immediate increase in tuna catches will probably come not so much from further build up of the long-range fleets, but from increased development of coastal fisheries based on small, economical, locally- based vessels. These may well fish primari- ly for the smaller tuna-like fishes. Such a development should enrich local nutrition and, in time, put more tuna on the export market. 3. If the constantly rising demand for tuna is to be intelligently met with maximum bene- fit for all, consumer and fisherman, large and small fishing nations, research must march hand in hand with greater fishing effort. The La Jolla scientists and their FAO col- leagues believe that, now, perhaps it will. The eight sections of the meeting covered species identification and distribution (adults, larvae, and eggs); population identification; size and composition of stocks; availability (accessibility and vulnerability); physiology and behavior; fishing methods; statistics of catch and effort; future lines of tuna research. There were also four working groups which considered blood samples; stock transfers; identification of larvae and juveniles; and tagging. Presented at the meeting were 10 papers on methodology. Included were a review of the fishes of the family Scombridae, as well as distribution of eggs, larvae, and adults; subpopulation identification; size and compo- sition of tuna stocks; matter of availability and harvest of tunas; behavior and physiology; fishing techniques for tunas and skipjack; need for statistics of catch and effort; future lines of research; and worldwide tuna research planning. The 29 papers on species synopses in- cluded biological data on bonito (Sarda sarda), black skipjack (Euthynnus lineatus); bonito (Sarda orientalis), frigate mackerel (Auxis thazard); little tuna (Euthynnus affinis); Kuro- maguro Thunnus orientalis; little tuna (Eu- October 1962 International (Contd.): thynnus yaito); albacore (Thunnus germo); yellowfin tuna (Neothunnus macropterus); big-eyed tuna (Parathunnus mebachi); bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus); California bluefin tuna (Thunnus saliens); big-eyed tuna (Para- thunnus sibi); skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis); yellowfin tuna (Thunnus or Neothunnus alba- cares); bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus mac- coyii and Thunnus thynnus orientalis); little tuna (Euthynnus alleteratus); albacore (Thun- nus alalunga); blackfin tuna (Thunnus atlan- ticus); yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). In addition there were 40 experience pa- pers and 9 information papers. The last of the information papers consisted of the reso- lutions of the Pacific Tuna Biology Confer- ence, Honolulu, Hawaii, August 1961. This meeting on the biology of the tunas was concerned both with the assessment of present knowledge and with the questions that may be asked of tuna biologists in the future. The most obvious and dramatic aspects of the world tuna situation developed at the meeting were two: (1) Up for consideration was not an unutilized resource, nor a re- source at the terminal stages of develop- ment, but rather one in mid-stream., De- mand and yield have doubled approximately each ten years. Current landings are approx- imately 800,000 tons annually and there is every indication that market demand for 1,500,000 tons will exist by 1970. At this date, at least one population, the eastern Pa- cific yellowfin, has apparently reached the limits of its productivity. Indications are that other populations are responding to fish- ing in a predictable manner, This exponen- tially expanding demand on what must be a finite resource, will soon be the central bi- ological problem before world tuna scientists, though at the moment the world-wide central problem appears to be the development of a more complete understanding of their ecology and behavior leading toward more efficient utilization of this valuable resource. (2) The resource is international in character. Ex- cepting for whales, no other major, current- ly utilized fishery resource shares this char- acter in such a spectacular way. Most of the tunas live in international waters, and modern fishing techniques and the modern means of distributing the product places no group of people ina favored position, ex- cepting for very special situations. Tuna COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 41 scientists around the world, then, must share global responsibilities for providing the scien- tific basis for the full and wise use of the tuna and tuna-like fishes. The meeting principally indicated areas of research that seem to require acceleration, and/or changes in direction to the extent that the meeting has provided guidelines. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1962 p. 49. KOK KF SIXTH REGIONAL CONFERENCE FOR ASIA AND THE FAR EAST: The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Sixth Regional Conference for Asia and the Far East was held at Kuala Lumpur, Fed- eration of Malaya, September 15-29, 1962, to review the results in Asiaand the Far East of technical and economic work in the fields of agriculture, fisheries, forestry, and nutrition over the two preceding years, and to consider at policy level the recommendations of the various technical meetings. This is one of the four regional conferences that are held at two-year intervals between sessions of the FAO Conference. NORDIC COUNTRIES CLOSER FISHERIES COOPERATION: The Fisheries Ministers of Denmark, Fin- land, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, at a meet- ing in Trondheim, Norway, in August 1962 a- greed on the establishment of a Nordic liaison committee to coordinate fisheries policies of the five countries. The joint committee will comprise four representatives from each country. Two are to be named by the Govern- ment and two by national trade associations. The chairmanship will rotate among the coun- tries. In the opinion of the Fisheries Ministers, the Nordic liaison committee might consider advantageously such questions as taxation of the fish stock, fisheries research, price for- mations, commercial policy, standardization of packaging, and setting up a joint Nordic rescue service. Concrete proposals for a joint rescue service in the North Sea, now being drafted by a Danish-Norwegian-Swedish committee, were also discussed. Norwegian fisheries researcher Finn De- vold, in a report on Nordic herring fisheries over the past 50 years, told the Ministers that the herring quantity estimated in Nor- wegian waters in 1962 was only one-fourth as 42 International (Contd.): large as it was six years ago. He saw some hope, however, that the influx of young fish might stem the steady decline in the stock of winter herring along the Norwegian coast. (News of Norway, August 23, 1962.) UNESCO INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMISSION ARABIAN SEA PHASE OF INDIAN OCEAN OCEANOGRAPHIC EXPEDITION DEFINED: At the working meeting for coordination of the scientific program of the International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE), it was de- cided to enlarge the area covered by the dis- cussion to include all the Arabian Sea sector north of latitude 10° S. Other conclusions reached by the working meeting held inWorm- ley, England, July 9-11, 1962, were: (1) That a proposed aircraft study by the U.S. Weather Bureau of air-sea interaction during May-July 1963 will require continuous observations from 30 or more research ves- sels arranged in a geometric spacing of 100- 200 miles. (2) The 1960 Copenhagen recommendations concerning physical oceanography should be strengthened by decreasing station spacing to not in excess of 60 miles, and continuing all possible stations to the bottom. (3) Special attention should be paid to: (a) the stagnant layers discovered by the Vityaz in the Arabian Sea; (b) hydrogen sulfide de- terminations made in the 625-1,000 meter layers; and (c) means taken to eliminate in- terference by hydrogen sulfide in the oxygen determination. (4) A list of standard stations was estab- lished and two were recommended for the Bay of Bengal. Other standardization was recommended including the Worthington air equilibration technique as a standard for the Winkler titration. (5) The unused cable between Madagascar and Africa should be investigated as a means of monitoring current flow by geokinetic elec- tromagnetic means, (6) A list of locations of desirable tide gauges was established. (7) Additions were made to the list of bi- ological collections and observations. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 10 (8) The production of a bottom contour chart of the Indian Ocean by cooperative effort was encouraged. Meetings were also scheduled for two other sections of the Indian Ocean. Those were for © August 6-8 in Sidney, Australia, for the south- east quadrant, and later in the year for the Bay of Bengal sector, possibly in Bangkok, Thai- land, (National Oceanographic Data Center Newsletter, Aug. 15, 1962.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Sept. 1962 p. 58. FISH MEAL WORLD PRODUCTION, JUNE 1962; According to preliminary data from the International As- sociation of Fish Meal Manufacturers, world production of fish meal in June 1962 amounted to about 211,478 metric tons, an increase of 7.1 percent over world production in June 1961. Most of the principal countries producing fish meal submit data to the Association monthly (see table). — World Fish-Meal Production by Countries, June 1962 | June Jan,-June ountry ia reel 1961 1962 «| (Metric“fons) ie ineees Gianadare wemenemetetens siisiemeientelie 7,471 pa del 43,279 Denimarkige a peewenceN eter eter stil s 10,641 OF 315) 38,870 ECPANnGe)? hers netelerete Theremeuiedke ite 1,100 1,100 6,600 German *ederal Republic ... 3,857 5,564 36,121 Netherlands Mavercner sere: sist cee he 200 700 2,400 Palme hes eyes afetietsMeveeectsnenste 2,236 2,427 13,712 WEGENViehedepoetemcasione ton stentie 167 226 2,496 Uniteduking domiey ets circle voile 6,787 6,399 37,648 WnitediStatestrenren ty caer eet 52,978 | 49,351 103,750 \Angola 2,483 4,723 14,467 Iceland 5,400 Biatalty) 32,330 INorway 10,739 | 14,876 30,684 NAST ABwice G0 |Osoung 0408000 5 an 83,819] 68,718} 544,442 South Africa (including South WiestyAtinl cal) etre eves lane 23,600 | 23,100} 158,196 elistaedvitsteh sts) temeiemenrs [e147 197,425|1,064,995 Total lote: Belgium, Chile, Japan, and Morocco do not report their fish-meal production to the International Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers at present. The increase in world fish-meal production in June 1962 was mainly due to more output in Peru (up 22.0 percent), the United States (up 7.3 percent), Iceland (up 45.3 percent), and Denmark (up 14.2 percent). This year through June, Peru had increased landings of anchoveta; the United States had heavier landings of menhaden; Iceland’s landings of herring were higher; and Denmark’s landings of industrial fish were up. The increase was partly offset by a drop in fish-meal production in Norway (down 27.8 percent), Angola (down 47.4 percent), and Germany (down 30.7 percent), The herring fish- ery was a failure in Norway this year and Angola was plagu- ed with organizational and marketing problems as well as de- clining catches. Peru accounted for 39.6 percent of world fish-meal pro- duction (for countries listed) in June 1962, followed by the United States with 25.1 percent, and South Africa with 11.1 percent, During the first six months of 1962, world fish-meal pro- duction for countries listed was 1,064,995 metric tons, Peru accounted for 51,1 percent of total production during that pe- riod, followed by South Africa with 14.9 percent, and the United States with 9.7 percent, October 1962 International (Contd.): MARINE OILS ESTIMATED WORLD PRODUCTION AND FOREIGN TRADE, 1958-62: World production of marine oils (including whale and sperm whale oils, and fish and fish-liver oils) in 1962 is ex- pected to increase, but at a lower rate than in the preceding three years. Increased production of fish oils will be partly offset by a decline in whale oil from the Antarctic. Sperm whale oil production from areas outside the Antarctic is ex- pected to show a small increase, Table 1 - Estimated World Production of Marine Oils, 1958-62 iN cm Type 1/1962|2/1961|2/1960]2/1959] 1958 4 ad o'6/c (1,000 Short Tons)..... 428 418 417| 435 124 122 130 135 750 590 575 515 1,302] 1,130} 1,122/1,085 |1/Forecast. 2/Revised. World exports of marine oils are expected to increase to another all-time high in 1962, but the increase will not be as large as in the preceding two years, Exports of fish oil and COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW sperm whale oil will increase, but exports of whale oil will decline. Product US$/Metric Tons From Callao (Peru) to Rotterdam (Holland) or Le Havre (France) or Hamburg (Germany): Fish meal: Up to Aug. SISO 2k . After Aug. 31, 1962 . In bulk In drums Canned tuna: In cartons In cases Fish oil: Gonos. o Gu cual Fish meal: 1962 1962 Up to Aug. 31, eiksiichelusiasats After Aug. 31, In bulk Ankcrunis iret circle cetteynel jaye s Canned tuna: In cartons In cases Fish oil: O°0 D0) OD 1OkO BO. From Yokohama (Japan) to Rotterdam (Holland) or Hamburg (Germany): Fish oil: Contract rate Lies! 5 ‘Non=contractirate) filjtene fete! sacle sels Canned salmon and canned tuna: Contract rate 152 From Capetown (South Africa) to Rotterdam (Holland) or Hamburg (Germany) or Liverpool (England)4/: Fish oil in bulk2/: With a value up to £50 ($140) per longton .... With a value between L50-57) ($140-160) irae) ton Witha value over £70 Were es rare ton . Fish meal: In bags : : Shillings/40 Cubic Feet 1/Not available. Shillings/ Metric Ton Shillings/Long Ton (plus 1 percent ad valorem) 167.5 (plus 1.1 percent ad valorem) Shillings/Long Ton 43 [Table 2 - Estimated World Exports of Marine Oils, 1958-62 Marine Oils 1/ 1962] 2/1961 2/1960]2/1959]2/1958 stew .(1,000 Short Tons)..... \WihtalleWrstvnu ceiver ees 402 428 418 417 435 Sperm whale...... 126 124 122 130 135 Fish (including liver) 335 300 248 179 130 POtalheerensietedeiiews 788 726 700 1/Forecast. | 2/Revised. Note: Only exports from producing countries are included. Production and exports of fish oil in 1962 are expected to increase because of greater output in Peru, Chile, and Ice- land which produce mainly for export markets. A sharp drop in fish oil production in Norway will partly offset the increase in world production of fish oil, but will stimulate fish oil ex- ports to Norway. Very little, if any, production increase is expected in the Republic of South Africa or the United States. Edible vegetable oils compete with edible marine oils on the world market. Exports of edible vegetable oils are expected to be at an all-time high in 1962, exceeding last year’s total by 25 percent, (Foreign Crops and Markets, U.S. Department of Agriculture, August 30, 1962.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Nov. 1961 p. 41. TRANSPORTATION SELECTED OCEAN FREIGHT RATES FOR SELECTED FISHERY PRODUCTS AND BYPRODUCTS: Ocean Freight Rates US$/Short Ton 22.00 19.96 4/ L/ 16.00 14,51 22.40 20.32 30.80 27.94 2/26.60 2/24,13 US$/Short Ton US$/Short Ton 19.00 (plus 1 percent ad valorem) 20.94 (plus 1. 1 percent ad valorem) 3/208.5 3, 3/26.06 230 28.75 US$/Short Ton 134 US$/40 Cubic Feet 18.76 2/At ship's option, the rate may be $26.60 per 40 cubic feet of space. 3/At ship's option, the rate may be 208.5 shillings ($29.19) per 40 cubic feet of space. 4/Rates from Walvis Bay, South-West Africa, not available. 5/Rates established up to Dec, 21, 1962. Source: United States Embassy, Copenhagen, August 29, 1962. 44 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW International (Contd.): AFRICA COMMON MARKET ESTABLISHED BY SIX NATIONS: The establishment of an African Common Market was included among the seven eco- nomic agreements formulated at the Second Session of the Casablanca Powers! Economic Committee which met in Cairo, Egypt, March 26-April 2, 1962. The agreements, including the Treaty Establishing the African Common Market, were signed on April 2 by delegates of the six member nations: the Republics of Algeria, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, the United Arab Republic, and the Kingdom of Morocco, The main purposes of the participating Governments in establishing the AfricanCom- mon Market are to achieve sustained econom- ic growth, financial stability, and the full and rewarding employment of the human resources at its disposal. To bring about the most fa- vorable conditions for promoting and regu- lating trade among them, and in conformity with the spirit and principles of the Casa- blanca Charter, the African Common Market is open to all independent African States on the following basis: (1) More liberal trade for national commodities and products; (2) Free movement of establishment rights, labor and employment for the development of economic ac- tivities; (3) Freedom of transport, transit, and utilization of all means of communication, ports, and civil airports. The Articles of five Sections comprising the Treaty establishing the African Common Market follow: SECTION ONE: The Means: Article 1: In order to achieve the objectives of the Treaty, the Contracting Nations agreed: (1) To establish a Customs Union among them, and to coordinate all customs tariffs, rules, and regula- tions that are applicable. (2) To coordinate the import and export policies and all rules and regulations related to trade betweenthem and to adopt a common policy regarding basic commod- ities. (3) To unify customs regulations as regards specifi- cation and classification of products. (4) To coordinate trade policies in fuel and power. (5) To harmonize their social legislations. (6) To establish organizations and agencies neces- sary for the implementation of the Treaty. Vol. 24, No. 10 (7) To take all necessary measures for the realiza- tion of objectives planned. SECTION TWO: The Provisions of the Treaty Cus- toms Tariffs: Article 2: Each Contracting Party shall, within five years from the date of the coming into force of this Treaty, abolish all customs duties on its imports from the other member countries by a gradual reduc- tion of the import levies on all products imported from member countries. This reduction shall be 25 percent during the first year. The percentage of reduction dur- ing the successive four years shall be determined by the Economic Committee of the Charter. The reduction shall apply to the duties existing on March 31, 1962. After that date any member State which shall raise its duties shall not apply the increase to the rates applicable on the goods originating from other member States. In order to safeguard their trade interests in certain manufactured products, two or more member States can conclude provisional bilateral agreements. A list of such manufactured products shall be decided on by mu- tual agreement. Article 3. The reduction in customs duties, men- tioned in Article 2, shall be made on all custom duties (fiscal and protective) levied on the imports of goods from member States of which goods are exempted if they are of local origin. Article 4. A product shall be deemed of Common Market origin, benefiting from the reductions men- tioned in Article 2, if it is either harvested or taken from the soil of the Common Market Countries, or manufactured in them. A manufactured product shall be considered a national product of a member country if it undergoes in the country concerned, a process of transformation amounting to at least 50 percent of its total cost of production. Article 5, Each Contracting Party shall, by a pro- gressive reduction, and within five years from the com- ing into force of the Treaty, abolish all restrictions on imports and exports of goods originating from the es- tablished African Common Market. This reduction shall be 25 percent during the first year. Article 6. The Contracting Parties shall grant each other the most-favored-nation treatments as: regards trade among them. Article 7. The Contracting Parties shall give prior- ity to the imports of goods from member countries. Article 8. The Contracting Parties undertake to pro- hibit the re-export of both basic and manufactured goods to non-member countries unless otherwise agreed upon by the country of origin. Article 9. Each Contracting Party shall facilitate the transit of goods from member countries through its territory, subject to the laws, rules, and regulations of its transit trade. SECTION THREE: Administration: Article 10. The Contracting Parties shall establish a permanent body to be named "'The Council of the African Common Market," hereinafter referred to as the ''Council.'' The Council shall be entrusted with the implementation of the Treaty establishing the African Common Market. Its functions and powers shall be determined by the provisions of the present Treaty. October 1962 International (Contd.): Article 11. (1) The Council of the Common Market shall be composed of one permanent representative for each State assisted by advisers. (2) The Permanent Seat of the Council of the Com- mon Market shall be at Casablanca and the Council may hold its meetings in any other place of its choice. (3) The term of office of the President of the Coun- cil shall be one year. The Contracting Parties shall appoint a President to the Council by rotation. (4) The Council shall convene periodic meetings every six months. It may hold extraordinary meetings whenever necessary. (5) The decisions of the Council shall be taken by unanimous vote, each member country having one vote unless the matter is referred to the Economic Com- mittee of the Casablanca Charter. Article 12. The Council shallcarry out its functions with the assistance of permanent or temporary com- mittees. The Council may, however, entrust experts from among the nationals of the Contracting Parties with carrying out studies or research on specific questions. Article 13. (1) The Council shall enjoy financial and administrative autonomy and shall have its own budget supplied by the member States. The Council shall sub- mit annually, a draft budget to the Permanent Secre- tariat of the Charter which shall be entrusted withpro- viding the necessary funds. (2) The Council shall, at its first meeting, lay down its own rules of procedure. Article 14. The Governments of the Contracting Parties shall appoint their representatives at the Coun- cil within a maximum period of one month from the date of the coming into force of this Treaty. The Coun- cil shall carry out its functions upon its formation. Article 15. The Council shall carry out the func- tions and exercise the powers provided for in this Treaty and its annexes, as well as other prerogatives which may be deemed necessary for the successful implementation of the provisions of this Treaty, with special regard to the following: (1) The implementation of the provisions of this Treaty and annexes, as well as all decisions taken in application of the present Treaty and annexes. (2) The supervision of the work of its committees and subsidiary organs. (3) The recruitment of personnel and experts re- sponsible to the council itself, in conformity with the provisions of the present Treaty. (4) Coordination of the Foreign Trade Policies of the Member States. Article 16. The Council shall submit a report on its activities to the Economic Committee of the States of Casablanca Charter at each meeting of its members. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 45 SECTION FOUR: Transitory Provisions: Article 17. When assuming its responsibilities, the Council shall take into consideration the special circumstances prevailing in some member countries. Article 18. Two or more Contracting Parties may conclude closer economic agreements than those pre- scribed in this Treaty. Article 19. Any member country desiring to con- clude an agreement with any economic bloc or customs union outside the Casablanca Charter should first con- sult with the other Contracting Parties. Under no cir- cumstances must an individual agreement prejudice the interests of the AfricanCommon Market. SECTION FIVE: Ratification and Admission: Article 20. This treaty shall be ratified on June 1, 1962 at the latest, by the Contracting Parties in accordance with their respective constitutional procedures. The instru- ments of ratification shall be deposited at the Perma- nent Secretariat of the Charter. Each deposit shall be recorded and other contracting parties shall be notified. Article 21. Any African State joining the Casablanca Charter in the future shall, at its request, be admitted as a Contracting Party to this Treaty. Any African non-member State may adhere to this Treaty or associate itself with it according to the pro- cedure to be determined by the Council of the African Common Market. Any application by a non-member State for integra- tion or association shall be examined by the Economic Committee of the Charter, and submitted to the Politi- cal Commission for approval. Article 22, This treaty shall come into force one month after the deposit of the instruments of ratifica- tion by two of the Signatory States. This Treaty shall be applicable to other States one month after the de- posit of their instruments of ratification or of admis- sion, The Treaty establishing the African Common Market was drawn up in Cairo, Egypt, on April 1, 1962, in 3 original copies in the Arabic, English, and French lan- guages. The 3 original copies were to be deposited at the Permanent Secretariat of the Casablanca Charter, and a certified true copy delivered to each Contracting Party, and to any State subsequently agreeing to the Treaty. Included among the other economic agreements was: (1) agreement for establishment of the African Development Bank; (2) agreement on the establishment of a Council for African Economic Unity; Convention of Economic and Technical Cooperation. (United States Embassy, Cairo, May 15, 1962.) INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE EXPLORATION OF THE SEA FIFTIETH STATUTORY MEETING HELD IN COPENHAGEN: The fiftieth Statutory Meeting of the Inter- national Council for the Exploration of the Sea was held in Copenhagen, Denmark, September 28-October 10,1962. The agenda for the open- ing meeting of the General Assembly included: 46 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW International (Contd.): 1. Report on Permanent Commission, 2. Report on International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries. 3. Report on Intergovernmental Oceao- graphic Commission, 4. Report on European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission. 5. Report on the Meeting on the Biology of Tuna and Related Species. 6. Report on International Whaling Com- mission. A special meeting was devoted to problems in exploiting and regulating fisheries for shellfish. The program of the Council in- cluded meetings by the committees on plank- ton, gadoid fish, scombriform fish, herring, salmon and trout, sardines, and shellfish. There were also meetings by the commit- tees on hydrography, statistics, and compar- ative fishing; and the committees on the At- lantic, Baltic-Belt Seas, distant Northern Seas, and near Northern Seas. Australia EXPORTER RECOMMENDS NEW METHOD OF SELLING LOBSTER TAILS TO UNITED STATES: An orderly system for exporting Austra- lian frozen spiny lobster tails to the United States is needed. This is the opinion of an Australian exporter who, in the spring of 1962, made an on-the-spot survey of the United States market. The exporter is the director of the largest privately-owned spiny lobster tail exporting firm in Australia. The Australian exporter said, ''A feeling of uncertainty prevails among the United States importers of Australian crays (lobster tails) especially on the East Coast. It is quite possible that large stocks which have had to be accumulated on account of irregu- lar sailings to that coast will have to be sold at a loss because direct sales have been made from Australia to other than primary importers.'' He felt that sales to other than primary importers in the United States had caused a loss of good will, particularly on Vol. 24, No. 10 the East Coast which also obtained supplies from South Africa and South America. He suggested that a system similar to South Af- rica's, where a limited number of exporters sell to a limited number of importers, was ideal. Australia is the third largest exporter of lobster tails to the United States. They ship- ped over 8,026,000 pounds of frozen lobster tails to the United States in 1961. (Fish Trades Review, Australia, June 1962.) SHRIMP FISHERY STARTED IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA: A bright future is predicted for Western Australia's shrimp, started on a commercial basis for the first time early this summer by a Whaling Company at Carnarvon. Some shrimp fishing had been attempted before, but there were no processing plants, freezers, or transports to handle the catch properly. Some experts believe the Western Austra- lia shrimp fishery potential is equal to Queens- land where the industry employs 300 boats and is worth £2 million (US$4.5 million) a year in exports. Until the extent of the shrimp grounds is full known, it would be impossible to say how much the shrimp fishery could be worth to Western Australia. All that can be said at present is that results have been encouraging. The Fremantle spiny lobster fleet, which is laid up every winter, is particularly inter- ested. The shrimp season in the northwest coin- cides with the slack period down south. If this season's shrimp trawling is successful, many of the Fremantle boats will be working next year instead of lying idle over the win- ter. The whaling company has chartered one of Queensland's top shrimp fishing skipper and his trawler Dorothea W., for their pio- neering effort. The company has also engaged two Queens- land crews to man their specially-designed shrimp trawlers Nor Land Nor Il, The boats were built at Fremantle, to Queensland de- sign, at a cost of £14,000 ($31,500) each. The shrimp have received an enthusiastic reception in the Sydney fish trade because of October 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 47 Australia (Contd.): their uniformity in size and quality. (Aus- tralian Fish Trades Review, July 1962.) Se sel se se fe sk ok) SK 3S Kk NEW TYPE UNDERWATER VEHICLE FOR FISHERY RESEARCH: A new type of underwater vehicle has been developed and built in South Australia. It could have many uses in commercial fishing and fish research. The vessel is called a ''Towvane'' and its designer is M. E. Lawrie, a commercial diver and slipway owner of Port Adelaide. New type of underw icle--'Towvane''-- being hauled aboard a vessel. It can be towed behind any vessel over 35 feet long and needs no motive power of its own. Instructions are given to the operator by telephone from the towing vessel. This means that the ''Towvane'' rider need have no experience in underwater activity. The new vehicle could be used to observe fish habits and effectiveness of fishing and trawling methods, survey the sea floor, search for and inspect underwater installa- tions. Floodlights can be carried for use in murky waters. Among the vehicle's advantages over ''con- ventional" self-propelled submarines are its readiness for use at any time and the little maintenance or preparation needed, It can be carried on deck and requires no special cradles or accommodation. A winch is used to launch or recover the ''Towvane.'! No special clothing is needed and once the vessel has been ''trimmed'' underwater the rider is free to obServe and record his obser- vations. In an underwater survey made re- cently, an engineer made on-the-spot notes on a tape-recorder carried on his lap. There are no engines to operate, refuel, or maintain. And no turbulence from screws. The ''Towvane'' has a range and speed lim- ited only by that of the vessel towing it. There- fore it can be taken out to fishing grounds that would be inaccessible to other types of vessel. The ability to send the expert comfortably below to make his own unworried observations is an advantage over secondhand reports from frogmen or other divers. Should the towing cable break the vessel will rise to the surface. The vehicle is of welded construction, built to vessel pressure standards. It is of simple design and would lend itself to mass-production methods. It has been proved in many tests and open-sea trips. "'Towvanes'' could work in groups to sweep wide areas, being linked together by tele- phone. The model being developed at presentis 3 feet in diameter and stands about 6 feet high. The specifications are: Depth limited only by hull thickness (probably suited to depths less than 1,000 feet; weight 1,600 pounds; posi- tive bouyancy 30 pounds; plywood control vanes hydrostatically balanced; air supply; pressure release valve; transparent plastic window with 360 degree vision; interior and exterior ac- commodation for all types of ancillary equip- ment; telephone; interior hatch release. ste ste Sl, sie le pi aI 03) 63) 53 WHALE OIL PRODUCTION DOWN IN 1962: Australian baleen whale oil production dur- ing the 1962 season is expected to drop to 7,000 short tons, down 44 percent from pro- duction of 12,500 tons in 1961. Sperm whale oil production is expected to slightly exceed last year's output of 3,500 tons. A sharp drop in the number of whales mi- grating from Antarctic waters for mating in warmer northern waters has caused a drastic decline in the abundance of humpback whales off the East Coast of Australia. Some observ- 48 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Australia (Contd.): ors blame the shortage on the lack of an ef- fective international convention for limiting kills in other regions. The shore-based Tangalooma station at Moreton Island on the East Coast announced in early August that it had caught only 68 whales since the start of the whaling season June 18, 1962, and was suspending operations. The station on Nor- folk Island on the East Coast also suspended operations, leaving only one station opera- ting on the East Coast. The firm operating the station had been allocated a quota of 600 whales in the three months' season which opened last June 18. In the first three weeks of the season only 29 whales were caught. Last year the firm had a quota of 660 whales, but caught only 593, In recent years the annual value of production from Tangalooma has been about £A100,000 (US$225,000). In 1959/60 (the last year for which figures are available) it was worth £A96,384 ($217,000). Unofficial sources quote last year's produc- tion value at slightly over £75,000 ($169,000). This year's operating costs will far exceed the revenue. The West Coast catch by shore-based whaling stations at Carnovan and Frenchman Bay also declined. But the decline was not as disastrous as on the East Coast, in part because of the availability of sperm whales. West Coast stations continued to operate. The Australian Whaling industry has had a long history dating back to 1788. Commer- cially it has had many vicissitudes frequently due to overhunting. For just short of ten years the humpback whale which uses the coastal waters of eastern Australia for its annual migration from Antarctica to the tropics for breeding purposes has been hunted by chasers from the shore base at Tangalooma, on Moreton Island, Queensland. There was no difficulty in filling quotas of up to 660 whales ina Season. But over the last few years there have been fewer whales to catch. This is not surprising when it is considered that a female humpback rarely produces more than one calf every two years, and that the species is hunted in other re- gions. (United States Consulate, Brisbane, August 10, 1962.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Sept. 1962 p. 59, July 1961 p. 45. Vol. 24, No. 10 Canada NEW INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY: The construction of a new Canadian Insti- tute of Oceanography at Bedford, Nova Scotia, was nearing completion about the middle of this year. The Institute, which is a part of the Marine Sciences Branch of the Canadian Department of Mines and Technical Surveys, will cost US$4.5 million when completed. A similar center is planned for Canada's west coast in about three years. The Bedford In- stitute, near Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, will have an office and laboratory building, docking fa- cilities for ten ships, woodworking and elec- trical shops. In addition to the newly-built oceanographic Institute, the Canadians have a long-range oceanographic shipbuilding program under way for survey and research work. As of May 1962, three ships were being designed or under construction. One of the ships, the Maxwell, was launched last year. The larg- est, the Hudson, will have a cruising range of 15,000 miles. The two additional vessels will be about 225 feet long and will replace obso- lete ones now in use. (National Oceanographic Data Center Newsletter, May 31, 1962.) Ceylon FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT: Landings and Imports, 1957-1960: Ceylon's total fishery landings in 1960 was 28.7 per- cent greater than in 1957. Imports and per capita consumption of fishery products also increased from 1957 through 1960. Three times as muchfishery products are being im- Table 1 - Ceylon's Landings, Imports, and Per Capita Consumption of Fishery Products, 1957-60 1959: 1958 (Long Tons) 43, 832 40,032 Item 1960 1957 Percentage of Land- ings to Total Suppl Annual Per Capita Consumption of Fishery Products in Ceylon Ceylon Department of Fisheries. 38.80 40.77 Source: ported as are produced locally. Data in Table 2 show that most of the imports con- October 1962 Ceylon (Contd.): sist of dried or cured fish. A significant a- mount of canned and frozen fish also is im- ported. Table 2 - Ceylon's Imports of Selected Fishery Products, 1960 Value Mechanization of Fishing Fleet: The in- crease in Ceylon's landings has been achieved by mechanizing part of the fishing fleet. In 1951, when the Government of Ceylon first decided to start mechanizing fishing boats, not one of Ceylon's 20,000 fishing craft had a motor. In 1952, total fishery landing a- mounted to only about 25,000 metric tons. In Fig. 1 - A kattamaran near Jaffna on the north coast of Ceylon on the way to fishing grounds. This type of boat is made of five logs pegged and tied together, and equipped with centerboard. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 49 1959, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) sent a Finnish naval architect to Cey- lon following a request by the Government of Ceylon for an expert capable of designing an ideal fishing boat for Ceylonese waters. (Edi- tor's Note: In the early years of the mechani- zatiom program, the motorized fishing vessels built in Ceylon were based on designs first de- veloped by FAO naval architects in India for Indian fishing vessels.) The Finnish expert designed a 28-foot inboard motor vessel that is now known throughout Ceylon as the 'E-26!' In the summer of 1962, there were about 600 of those boats in operation, many of them in the rich shallow waters of the 55-mile Palk Strait between Ceylon and India. Bz), Fig. 2 - A Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) expert in- stalled two motors on two Ceylonese craft to demonstrate how the local boats could be motorized to advantage. The ''E-26" carries a crew of five and its average daily catch during the main fishing season between December and April is above a thousand pounds. This is far above the catch of any other Ceylonese vessel. The Finnish expert is now working on an improved version of the ''E-26'' which will be four feet longer and specially designed for fishing in the rough- er northern waters. Ceylon still has about 400 of the older mod- el inboard motor boats which were built ear- lier in the mechanization program. They car- ry only 12 nets while the ''E-26" can carry 50. The Finnish naval architect also helpedthe Government start a program to mechanize Ceylon's traditional fishing craft by adding outboard motors. Ceylon's traditional fish- ing fleet consists of kattamarans (log rafts with a sail and a 2-man crew), teppams (a smaller version of the kattamaran), orus (out- rigger sailing canoes), and vallams (dugouts with or without outriggers). All traditional craft can be beach-landed. 50 Ceylon (Contd.): About 400 teppams and 200 kattamarans have been mechanized. The teppams require outboard motors of from 4-10 horsepower while the larger kattamarans need more pow- erful motors. A total of 200 vallams and orus have also been mechanized, etna. Loetentys a oN i s => re Fig. 3 - Speed trials of a small outrigger canoe fitted with a 10- hp. outboard motor on the south coast of Ceylon. FAO expert aided in introducing outboard motors for use on this type ofboat. The Finnish expert commented, ''We figured putting outboards on these boats would in- crease their catch about five times. Actually it has been closer to ten.’ A non-mechanized kattamaran takes 10-12 pounds of fish per day. A 15-pound catch is considered good. Fora mechanized kattamaran a catch of 120 pounds per day is normal. Improved tackle and nets have also helpedincrease the catch. The mechanization program has been fi- nanced for the most part by Government loans. Revised Plan for Fisheries Development: Investment in the fishing industry has fallen short of the goals announced in Ceylon's Ten Year Plan for the development of the fishing industry, which was published by the Govern- ment in 1959. The Plan had 1958/59 as its base period. In the summer of 1962, the Government of Ceylon published a ''Memo- randum on Development Projects of the De- partment of Fisheries for Which Foreign Aid and Assistance Is Sought.'’ The ''Mem- orandum'' reviews the projects under the Ten Year Plan and makes recommendations for their revision. It states that the goal of self-sufficiency in fish production has been given less emphasis because of underinvest- ment in the fishing industry and increased per capita consumption, A shortage of har- bors is cited as the main bottleneck hamper- ing other projects under the Ten Year Plan. According to the original Plan, 1,650 mechanized vessels were to be constructed during the period 1958/60-1959/61 and 650 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 10 more in the year 1961/62, bringing the total to 2,300. Actually, just under 700 vessels had been constructed by the end of 1958/61. If the present target of 500 to be built in 1961/62 is reached, the total will be little more than half that of the Ten Year Plan tar- get. The ''Memorandum"' says that the goal was not met because of initial inexperience in this type of boat building; poor recoveries of loan installments; and slow construction of fishery harbors. The revised plan of the De- partment of Fisheries is to launch 500 vessels annually for the next three years. When more harbors are available, it is hoped to step up the rate of construction. The problem of additional harbors is a vital one as it is estimated that present har- bors will accommodate only 2,000 vessels. A survey carried out in 1960 by the Interna- tional Engineering Consultants Association of Japan recommended the construction of 17 harbors at an estimated cost of about Rs.140 million ($29.4 million). The estimate will probably need revision. The ''Memorandum" states that the Government of Japan has un- officially indicated that it would asssist in harbor construction. Even if decisions are made promptly, and plans are carried out, harbor constructiontime is estimatedat from 2 to 3 years. Because of limited harbor space for some time to come, the Department of Fisheries pointed out the necessity of continuing to mechanize the traditional craft which can easily be beached and now produce about 60 percent of the annual catch. The original pro- gram inthe Ten Year Plancalled for the mech- anization of 1,700 traditional craft at a cost of Rs. 5.8 million ($1.2 million). A total of 5,170 craft were to be provided with modern fishing gear at a cost of Rs. 7.8 million ($1.6 mil- lion). The Department of Fisheries now pro- poses torecommend a modified planunder whichmarine engines and fishing gear willbe given at subsidized rates to fishermen own- ing approved registered craft. The new plan proposes to mechanize 500 out of 2,627 vallams, and at least 500 out of about 7,263 orus. Outof about 4,400 teppams and 2,200 larger kattamarans, it is proposed to mechanize at least 500 to 600. Engine breakdowns on mechanized vessels have been substantial, due to the inexperience of fishermen. The ''Memorandum'! reports that engine suppliers will arrange training classes for mechanics and the Fisheries Training Center planned with Japanese aid October 1962 Ceylon (Contd.): will give the necessary training to both fish- ermen and mechanics. A Food and Agricul- ture Organization (FAO) officer is reported to have started a detailed study of engines used by Ceylon's fishing vessels. A program on the use of improved gear and modern fish- ing techniques is being directed by another FAO expert with Japanese assistants and the staff of the Ceylon Department of Fisheries. The Fisheries Department proposes to add anew trawler, for which Rs. 1.8 million ($0.4 million) has been provided, to the two it now operates. The ''Memorandum" points out that existing facilities at the cold-storage plant built with Canadian aid at Mutwal must be expanded if additional trawlers are to be accommodated. The Department of Fisheries has outlined a plan for expanding the Mutwal Project and hopes the plan can be carried out with foreign aid. The Port Commission of Ceylon is build- ing a harbor at Galle that will have 1,200 feet of alongside dock space for fishing vessels needing less than 20 feet of water. The har- bor will cost Rs. 6.6 million (US$1.4 million) and is scheduled for completion in 1964. The Government of Ceylon has invited foreign in- vestors to join with Ceylon in developing Galle harbor as a base for a tuna long-line fishing venture. It is hoped that foreign in- vestors will develop the necessary shore fa- cilities at Galle for processing fish. Roads and transport facilities for marketing the catch landed at Galle are also needed. For- eign investors in a joint fishing venture at Galle would be asked to furnish vessels, train the Ceylonese in modern fishing meth- ods, and eventually transfer all interest in the venture to the Ceylonese. Ceylon has published an outline of the joint venture pro- posed for Galle harbor. Ceylon is also in- terested in receiving plans for other joint fishing ventures with foreign countries. (United States Embassy, Colombo, August 24, 1962; Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, August 6, 1962.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Aug. 1962 p. 58, Mar, 1962 p. 36, Sept. 1961 p. 68, June 1961 p. 55, May 1961 p. 44, Mar. 1961 p. 48 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW ol Chad FISHING INDUSTRY OF CHAD: The annual fresh-water catch from rivers and lakes in landlocked Chad amounts to about 100,000 metric tons. About 30 percent of the catch is consumed fresh close to the fishing areas. The other 70 percent is smoke-dried eed TN lara RepuBLic im | (eover) sua | a! a x \ wigeRIA 77 ore 0 uineag 6 : na eta’ x. \ 2 ivory i Vey aS BS ETHIOPIA *. COAST ‘Cpalenoun’ REPUBLICS. o 2 Su NV OR Cs and yields about 18,000 tons of dried fish. Some dried fish is exported to neighboring countries. Lake Chad is not fished by the Chadians because the people along its shore consider fishing unworthy work. (United States Embassy, Fort Lamy, June 18, 1962). Note: See also under "Nigeria." = Colombia REGULATIONS ESTABLISHED ON ISSUANCE OF SHRIMP FISHING PERMITS: Regulations covering issuance of shrimp fishing permits to foreign flag shrimp vessel operators, prescribed in De- cree 1656, were issued by the Colombian Government on June 28, 1962, The text of the Colombian Decree follows: Article 1. Foreign flag vessels larger than 10 tons as- sociated with local firms, and which intend to fish for shrimp, shall be permitted to dock at a Colombian port only after hav- ing obtained the required fishing permits as issued by the Min- istry of Agriculture, Article 2, -The issuance of fishing permits by the Ministry of Agriculture shall be subject to prior approval by the Colom- bian Merchant Marine headquarters (Direccion de Marina Mercante Colombiana). All documents relating to each vessel, such as registration and tonnage certificates and navigation permits, must be submitted to the Colombian Merchant Marine, Article 3. Article 7 of Decree 1409 of 1958, which permit- ted only Colombian flag vessels to fish for shrimp, is here- by rescinded. Article 4, This decree shall be effective from the date of its publication in the Official Gazette. Earlier in 1962, the Colombian Government placed a re- striction on the issuance of licenses to fish for shrimp. These were limited to 100 on the Pacific Coast and 60 on the Atlantic 52 Colombia (Contd.): Coast. About 80 licensed operators were fishing shrimp on the Pacific Coast as of February 1962 and the prospects were then dim for additional licenses to be granted for that region due to an excessive supply of shrimp in local cold-storage centers, No operators were holding licenses for shrimp fish- ing on the Atlantic Coast at that time. (United States Embassy, Bogota, report of July 27, 1962.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1962 p, 45. Qe, Ps Cuba JAPAN EXPORTS FISH MEAL TO CUBA: Japan, which hopes to export 20,000 met- ric tons of factoryship-produced fish meal this year, is reported to have contracted to deliver 2,000 metric tons of fish meal to Half of the contracted amount, or 1,000 tons, is said to have already been shipped. Export price of the fish meal sold to Cuba is approximate- ly US$147 a metric ton, f.o.b. Japan. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, August 15, 1962.) Cuba in exchange for Cuban sugar. Dahomey FAO FISHERY OFFICER ASSIGNED TO DAHOMEY: The assignment of a Fishery Officer (a native of Belgium) to Dahomey (formerly a part of French West Africa) was announced by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) on September 4, 1962. He will head a project being sponsored jointly by FAO and the United Nations! Expanded Program of Technical Assistance. The newly-appointed Fishery Officer was scheduled to arrive in Dahomey about August 29. He will remain there for one COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 10 year, assisting the Government in reorganiz- ing its fisheries. One of his principal tasks will be to draw up a plan for the improvement of both lagoon and sea fishing, including the resettlement of lagoon fishermen on the coun- try's coast. The Fishery Officer assigned to Dahomey had made a preliminary survey of Dahomey's fisheries for FAO in April 1962. Denmark FISH FILLETS AND BLOCKS AND FISHERY INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS EXPORTS, MAY 1962: Denmark’s exports of fresh and frozen fillets and blocks during the first five months of this year were 24.4 percent greater than in the same period of 1961, mainly because of an increase of 156.5 percent in exports of herring fillets. [Denmark’s Exports of Fresh and Frozen Fish Fillets and Blocks and Fishery Industrial Products, May 19621/ May Jan.- May Product 1962 | 1961 1962 | 1961 rar ener | 6 dtorooto (L000; Eb Si) Mer mencuerents Fillets and Blocks: Cod and related species.| 3,782] 2,947 |} 17,067] 16,734 Flounder and sole ....| 2,299] 2,356 9,288 8,193 HSK In Oe neueqenertenenemasen 1,762 440 9,430] 3,676 Otherieercdemetemenenens C 118 88 379 477 DO Lar ehsnsedelsive ces .| 7,961 | 5,831 | 36,164] 29,080 oH.0.doo (Shont Dons) i ea erolewees Industrial Products Fish meal, fish solubles, and similar products... BROQTA ra) 2Oin| a2 saril On elem orad 1/Shipments from the Faroe Islands and Greenland direct to foreign countries not included. 4 : —= Hvide Sande, fishing port on west coast of Jutland, Denmark, October 1962 Denmark (Contd.): Exports of cod and related species increased 2,0 percent and flounder and sole fillets were up 13.4 percent. During the first five months this year exports to the United States of fresh and frozen fillets and blocks of almost 7.3 million pounds (mostly cod and related species) were up 25,9 per- cent from the exports of about 5.8 million pounds in the same period of 1961. Denmark’s exports of fresh and frozen fish fillets and blocks during May 1962 were 36.5 percent greater than in the same month in 1961. Of the total exports, almost 2.3 million pounds (mostly cod and related species) were shipped to the United States in May. Denmark’s exports of fish meal, fish solubles, and similar products in January-May 1962 were 82.8 percent greater than in the same five months a year earlier. During May 1962, Denmark exported almost 3 times the meal, fish solubles, and similar products shipped out in the same month of 1961. The principal buyers were West Ger- many, Finland, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. sek Lk SS Es etl ese FISH FILLETS AND BLOCKS AND FISHERY INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS EXPORTS, JUNE 1962: Denmark’s exports of fresh and frozen fillets and blocks during the first six months of this year were 16.7 percent greater than in the same period of 1961, mainly because of an increase of 148.4 percent in exports of herring fillets. Exports of flounder and sole fillets increased 11.9 percent, but exports of cod and related species declined 5.7 percent. During the first six months of this year exports to the United States of fresh and frozen fillets and blocks of about 8.4 mil-- lion pounds (mostly cod and related species) were up 9.1 per- cent from the exports of about 7.7 million pounds in the same period of 1961. Denmark’s exports of fresh and frozen fish fillets and blocks during June 1962 were 17.6 percent below exports in the same month in 1961. Of the total exports, about 1.2 mil- lion pounds (mostly cod and related species) were shipped to the United States in June, Denmark’s Exports of Fresh and Frozen Fish Fillets and | Blocks and Fishery Industrial Products, June 19621/ June Jan,-June Product 1962 1961 1962 1961 bo oo R oD (HEOO OME Sa) rere sieu ements Fillets and Blocks: COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Cod and related species.| 2,245 | 3,740 | 19,312] 20,474 Flounder and sole 2,159 | 2,039 | 11,447] 10,232 VST ING Meme Wsitey clieprersnenis)ie 904 485 | 10,334] 4,161 Otherewonwen ites sliomstie te volte 40 419 700 080 6.0"0-0 0010.05 41,512 | 35,567 - Fish meal, fish solubles, and similar products .. 8,191 | 9,070 | 31,910] 22,047 i1/Shipments from the Faroe Islands and Greenland direct to foreign countries not in- cluded. | Denmark’s exports of fish meal, fish solubles, and similar products in January-June 1962 were 44.7 percent greater than in the same six months a year earlier. During June 1962, Denmark’s exports of fish meal, fish solubles, and similar products were 9.7 percent below the amount shipped out in the same month of 1961. The principal buyers were the United Kingdom and West Germany. —a / ») i x \ FrRan(cihco } / Ng pA PE kf | - 2 AN,/ Neon y / D) 6 aaa ‘ Hk ov Fria ‘ He e—: > EL/APaRAISO fe f Yuscaran WE NN poe REPUBLIC OF HONDURAS . fe rie Run > bee Shs ah His agen et aa my WEATHER ROADS —— geal ous Si Sa. aaa lice \ N aicnoaos — \ ~ IMTER OERTUENTAL nnn PACIFIC OCEAN. The 1961 exports of frozen shrimp from that country to the United States were below the previous year, and were the lowest since 1958 when they were at a record high. Shrimp landings in Hondurus during 1961 totaled only a little more than 200,000 pounds, practically all of which was shipped to the United States. United States frozen shrimp imports from Hondurus during the past several years were: 362,000 pounds in 1960; 271,000 pounds in 1959; and a high of 836,000 pounds in 1958 (when they were first shown separately from other countries). In 1958, the Hondurus shrimp landings amounted to nearly one mil- lion pounds, with the bulk coming to the United States. The sharp downward trend in shrimp fishing activity in Hondurus seemed to stem from certain provisions in the Fish- ing Law enacted during 1959, which appar- ently discouraged foreign investment in the Hondurus shrimp fishery. (Comercio Ex- terior, 1961.) ea Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1962 p. 65. INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES *—r——— © 10 2 30 40 Som NOTE: This mop is fo be regarded only a iMustrotive Iceland FISHERIES TRENDS, EARLY AUGUST 1962: Summer Herring Fishery: Less north coast herring was salted this summer than in the previous summer, even though 1962 north coast herring landings were at a record level. North coast herring landings totaled 189,806 metric tons by August 5, 1962, as compared with landings of 160,976 tons by the same date in the previous year. A total of 34,464 tons of the 1962 catch was salted by So Soa Brailing a good catch of herring. October 1962 Iceland (Contd.): early August, while 46,286 tons of the north coast herring catch was salted by the same time last year. Most of the remainder of the 1962 catch was processed into fish meal and oil. Although hampered at times by bad weath- er, the herring fishery was rated very good. According to the Icelandic weekly herring report of August 19, 1962, a total of 226,195 metric tons of herring had been caught to that date compared with 200,263 tons by the same time the previous year. Herring Salting: The amount of herring salted by August 1962--43,736 tons--was the greatest since 1939 except for the summer of 1961 when it was boosted up to 48,151 tons. But herring salting was stopped by August 19 as summer herring contracts totaling 312,000 barrels had been filled. Those con- tracts consisted of: 128,000 barrels to Swe- den; 80,000 barrels to the U.S.S.R.; 55,000 barrels to Finland; 12,300 barrels to the United States; 8,700 barrels to West Ger- many; 6,700 barrels to Norway; 4,500 bar- rels to Denmark; and about 17,000 barrels for local use, including canning. Herring salting was resumed after the announcement on August 8, 1962, that con- tracts had been signed with the Soviet Union and Israel for salted north coast herring. The announcement temporarily ended the an- nual speculation and unrest over the Soviet herring contract. The contract with the So- viet Union was for 80,000 barrels of salted north coast herring at a ''somewhat higher price than last year.'' Last year, contracts with the Soviet Union for both north and south coast herring amounted to 152,000 bar- rels. The new contract with Israel calls for 6,000 barrels of specially-cured herring. Work had not yet begun on the Israeli con- tract. There were some prospects of addi- tional contracts with Sweden or Finland, North coast contracts for salted herring to- tal 320,000 barrels. The Herring Fisheries Committee had not yet signed any contracts for south coast salted herring. There was an air of pessimism over their prospects. Considerable discus- sion had taken place over the future of salted herring markets in view of declining con- sumption. Even the Conservative press at- tacked the State Herring Board's sales sys- tem and called for a reorganization, as well as an intensive search for new markets. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 57 Fishery Trade with Soviet Bloc: In re- sponse to Icelandic newspaper editiorials which emphasized the disadvantages of trade with the Soviet Bloc nations, the Icelandic Freezing Plants Corporation stated that trade with the Bloc has been beneficial to the freez- ing-~plants, as well as to Iceland's fishing in- dustry as a whole. The statement generated a new wave of democratic press protests against such trade. The main theme of the protests was that because fish products are sold on a barter basis to the Bloc countries, the Icelandic consumer is forced to buy in- ferior goods at high prices. The press also pointed out that it is extremely dangerous for Iceland to be in a position where Icelandic trade is subject to the whims of Soviet trade decisions, which are often based on political considerations. Visit of Russian Vessel: A large 3,250-ton Russian trawler visited Reykjavik in connec- tion with a joint research project on size of mesh, Experts who visited the vessel were impressed with its freezing and reduction plant. Scandinavian Fisheries Conference: Ice- land sent a strong delegation of nine repre- sentatives to the Scandinavian Fisheries Con- ference in Trondheim, Norway, in the middle of August. It is understood that much of the Conference discussion was about new fisher- ies conditions being created by the Common Market (European Economic Community). The Icelandic Minister of Fisheries discussed in a press interview the resolution of the Scandinavian Fisheries Ministers Conference. The essence of the resolution was that the Scandinavian countries should have a hand in formulating European Economic Community fisheries policy, because the Scandinavian countries would, on joining, account for more than half of the fish production of the expand- ed Common Market. (United States Embassy, Reykjavik, August 10 and 24, 1962.) Japan FROZEN TUNA EXPORTS TO UNITED STATES AND EUROPE, APRIL-JULY 1962: The Japan Frozen Foods Exporters Asso- ciation has compiled data showing frozen tuna exports to the United States and Europe for April-July 1962. (Suisan Tsushin, August 9, 1962.) 58 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Japan (Contd.): [ Table 1 - Japanese Frozen Tuna Exports to United States, April-July 1962 — Product and Source 1962 1961 1960 ooeii-d)'t (Short Tons)..... Albacore: Japan proper: YOUN Cipeu eres stehcleiemenen elon 2,848 3,741 4,061 OLD Means eacytettetei a a -lr eke 362 415 285 TransshipMentsit.) a icteneies.6:¢ 2,445 1,715 561 + - PRO taller nenetieh lemon leit emente hele 5,655 5,871 4,907 Yellowfin: Japan proper: Gilled and Gutted: Waithyheadiniepeeieimwcusts te 10,481 13,031 Withoutsheadwer i eueusneielis 2 63 IE Orbe Sng aia.e iO Bros0 Oolo"e 942 970 VITO ES bet sais rtvtetiete tote terte 315 68 Wrans Shipments: yer. vere ecy.eFeike 7,787 4,099 Oval cies iiemetere te TeyeGemenet! 19,525 | 18,231 Big-eyed: Japan Proper... 2. os suse 137 62 Skipjack: JAPANEP OP Clava emehewew steele aes = ie 71 Bluefin: JapanIPNOPerir aie se tvs eevee = 220 Total exports from Japan proper| 16,031 18 331 | Total transshipments ...... 9,502 4,660 — Combined total exports..... 25038) 23,491 Table 2 - Japanese Frozen Tuna Exports to Europe & Africa, April-July 1962 aif Seales Destination 1962 1961 1960 a | Bithanoid (Metric Tons), . 4. Tall yineecircve ey slisncwtenelicuss emcees 9,345 LULU 8,734 MUpOSTaVi ails relics ctesesthepemetene 3,034 3,506 4,804 Pinan esi i vainsrete sist ols che 418 = 4,160 Glana Sot cts steered chele 393 a Cc @zechoslovakial 75.5. versie 192 656 a Otherscountwestersccsseaenwe em 5 1,029 | 528 Ot (yah ston nseontessuoets 13,387 12,968 | 18,226 skins cskinok sik VALUE OF FROZEN AND CANNED TUNA EXPORTS IN FIRST HALF OF 1962: Japan’s exports of frozen tuna to the United States in the first 6 months of 1962 were up 72.1 percent in value as com- Vaiue of Japan’s Exports of Selected Fishery Products, January-June 1961-62 Jan,~June 1962 Jan,-~June 1961 Product U.S. U.S. U.S. Total | Ratio} U.S.| Total | Ratio (In US$1,000) a (In US$1,000)| % Tuna, frozen... {16,138 | 25,760| 62.6 | 9,375| 18,485] 50.7 Tuna, canned 6,932 | 9,936] 69.8 | 8,410] 12,797] 65.7 Pearls, worked , |10,423 | 22,192| 47.0 | 8,065| 17,063 | 47.3 Note: Exports are valued f.o.b. Japan. Source: Customs Bureau, Japanese Ministry of Finance. Vol. 24, No.10 pared with the same period in 1961. For the same period the export value of canned tuna dropped 17.6 percent. The United States took 62.6 percent of Japan’s total frozen tuna exports during the first half of 1962 as compared with 50.7 percent in the same period of 1961. The United States ratio of Japan’s total canned tuna exports was 69.8 percent as against the same period in 1961 when it was 65.7 percent. The marked improvement in Japan’s balance of trade dur- ing the first half of 1962 was expected to remain good until the close of the year, with indications that exports to the United States of most major commodities would continue good for the remainder of 1962, (United States Embassy, Tokyo, August 24, 1962.) s! le st, she Reeth eat etait NINTH SALE OF CANNED TUNA IN BRINE FOR EXPORT TO U. S.: The ninth sale of canned tuna in brine for export to the United States was approved by the Canned Tuna Sales Standing Committee of the Japan Canned Foods Exporters Associ- ation at the August 21, 1962, meeting of the Association. The Committee approved the sale of 200,000 cases (48 No. 4, 7-oz., cans) of canned tuna in brine, consisting of 135,000 cases of white meat tuna and 65,000 cases of light meat tuna. Export prices per case remain unchanged: white meat US$1040, light meat US$7.80, f.o.b. Japan. Japanese exports of canned tuna in brine to the United States up to and including the ninth sale totaled 1,943,000 cases, consisting of 1,103,000 cases of white meat tuna and 840,000 cases of light meat tuna. Reportedly, there now remains only 257,000 cases of can- ned tuna in brine yet to be exported to the United States before the export quota estab- lished by the Japan Canned Foods Exporters Association is filled. (Suisan Tsushin, Au- gust 22, 1962.) stom lel siethsloukele HOEK TSK KES EXPANSION OF FROZEN TUNA EXPORTS TO UNITED STATES UNDER STUDY: The Japanese Export Frozen Tuna Pro- ducers Association has undertaken an investi- gation for the purpose of expanding exports of frozen tuna to the United States from Ja- pan proper. According to the Association, exports of frozen tuna to the United States from Japan proper for April, May, and June 1962 were exceedingly good, and, as of July 15, a total of approximately 20,000 shorttons of the 35,000-ton export quota for yellowfin tuna had been used. This left only 15,000 short tons of yellowfin available for export for the remainder of the fiscal year (to March October 1962 Japan (Contd.): 1963) and the Association feels this amount to be inadequate. One element in the Producers Association feels that the separate quota of 30,000 short tons of albacore for export to the United States from Japan proper should be combined under one over-all yellowfin-albacore export quota. Their reasoning at the present time is that it appears the albacore export quota will not be completely utilized. As of July 15, alba- core exports to the United States reportedly totaled about 4,000 short tons. This move, if it develops, is expected to be opposed Strongly by those groups that hold allocations of frozen albacore export quotas, for their allocations until now have been based on past performance records, and they do not wish to see this system re- placed with one which completely ignores their hard-won export quotas. Exports of frozen tuna to the United States had begun to decline in July and this develop- ment was expected to delay settlement of the yellowfin quota expansion issue. However, the need for increasing the yellowfin export quota is acknowledged by the Association, (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, July 19, 1962.) sle le le keke 3 3S 3K 3K 3S EX-VESSEL PRICE FOR FROZEN YELLOWFIN TUNA DROPS: After July 1962, the Japanese export price of frozen tuna for shipment to the United States declined. Because of this, the Japa- nese landed or ex-vessel price of frozen tuna at Japanese ports dropped markedly. For instance, the ex-vessel price for yellow- fin of 20-100 pounds dropped to ¥110 per kilo (US$277.20 a short ton) on August 18 at Yaizu. Later it dropped to ¥108 ($272.20 a short ton), which is said to be the lowest for this year and some ¥30 a kilo ($75 a short ton) lower than at the time of the best mar- ket. The reason for the drop is attributed to increased arrivals of frozen tuna in Au- gust, and particularly to the cautious com- mitment and sales policy of the frozen tuna exporting firms. (Japanese periodical, Au- gust 21, 1962.) Seroeag isin erent ors TUNA EX-VESSEL PRICES AT TOKYO: The following ex-vessel prices were paid on August 22, 1962, for 393 metric tons of COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 59 tuna and spearfish landed in Tokyo by two Japanese long-line vessels. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, August 24, 1962.) Tokyo Ex-Vessel Tuna Prices, August 22, 1962 Product Price US$/Short Ton 257 -277 227-229 353, Yen/Kq. 102-110 90-91 Yellowfin (gilled & gutted): 20-80 pounds Over 80 pounds Albacore . . O 140 Fillets: Yellowfin Big-eyed 102-111 105-106 257 -280 264-267 HE) Ke sie) 3k ok COSTS FOR EXPORTING FROZEN TUNA TO EUROPE FROM JAPAN PROPER: The European tuna market is reported to have become particularly attractive to Japa- nese tuna exporters in view of the price de- cline in the United States tuna market. Ac- cording to the Japanese periodical Suisan Tsushin of July 25, 1962, the present price of frozen yellowfin tuna (dressed with tail) ex- ported to Europe from Japan proper is about US$380 a metric ton at port of destination. Deducting 3 percent for broker's commission and $55-60 a ton for transportation cost (un- scheduled freighter rates!/) from this figure leaves a balance of $310-315, which would be the Japan f.o.b. price per metric ton. Further if allowances of $20 per metric ton for han- dling costs up to time of shipment and a maxi- mum of 10-percent loss for processing (i.e., deheaded, gilled and gutted frozen tuna landed by clippers) are made, the new adjusted price amounts to $232-239 a short ton. This ad- justed price is higher than the present Tokyo ex-vessel price of $222 a short ton for gilled and gutted frozen yellowfin, which allows a good margin of profit for Japanese exporters exporting frozen yellowfin tuna to Hurope from Japan proper. The Suisan Tsushin adds that frozen ski- jack tuna were recently exported to Italy from Japan proper on a trial basis. Reported- ly, they were exported for $310 per metric ton, c.i.f. Italy. (Suisan Tsushin, August 25, 1962.) i 1/Scheduled freighter rates are quoted at $77 a metric ton by the Suisan Tsushin. ATLANTIC OCEAN TUNA FISHERY AND PRICES FOR ATLANTIC FROZEN TUNA, AUGUST 1962; About one-third of the nearly 80 Japanese long-line tuna vessels operating in the At- lantic Ocean were reported to be fishing in 60 Japan (Contd.): the Caribbean Sea in early August 1962. Late in July, a number of the vessels found a new fishing ground for albacore around Puerto Rico. Catch of albacore (vessels of 350-500 gross tons averaged 7 metric tons per day in early July) was reported to have declined in August to about 3 metric tons per day. The main fishing grounds had shifted south- ward to the offshore waters near the Guianas. Elsewhere in the Atlantic Ocean, Japanese vessels operating off the West African coast are reported to be averaging 3-4 metric tons of fish per vessel per day. Catch was report- ed to consist of 60 percent yellowfin and 40 percent bigeyed. The yellowfin tuna catch was better than last year off West Africa. Export prices of Japanese Atlantic Ocean frozen tuna for shipment to the United States (Dakar delivery) in early August were re- ported: albacore US$340 a short ton; yellow- fin $290 a ton; big-eyed $230 a ton. Prices of frozen tuna exported to Italy, at Italian ports of destination, in early August were reported: albacore $450 a metric ton; yellowfin $380 a ton; big-eyed $350 a ton. These prices include brokers! commission, (Suisan Tsushin, August 23, 1962.) fewrolenisie SPECIAL COMMITTEE FORMED TO STUDY TUNA PROBLEMS: Japanese tuna industry members held an informal conference at Tokyo on August 24, 1962, to consolidate industry's views con- cerning the forthcoming Japan-United States tuna meeting scheduled to be held at Tokyo, beginning October 9. Upon the recommenda- tion of the President of the Japan Fisheries Society, the group decided to establish a spe- cial committee within the Japan Fisheries Society to study problems relative to the tuna industry in view of growing internation- al tuna problems. The committee's firstas- signment is to prepare a paper for submis- sion to the Japanese Government summa- rizing industry's views concerning the Octo- ber tuna meeting with the United States. The following organizations were repre- sented at this meeting: Japan Fisheries So- ciety, Canned Tuna Exporters Association, Canned Foods Exporters Association, Tokyo Canned Tuna Sales Company, Frozen Foods Exporters Association, Export Frozen Tuna COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 10 Producers Association, Export Frozen Tuna Sales Company, Federation of Tuna Coopera- tive Associations, and the National Federation of Fishery Cooperatives. (Minato Shimbun, August 25, 1962.) TUNA FISH-FINDER DEVELOPED: A Japanese fish detector manufacturer with offices in Numazu, Shizuoka Prefecture, is re- ported to have developed a fish detector (called "'Televi-graph De Luxe") exclusively for tuna detection. The detector is said to detect alba- core tuna to a depth of 985 feet, clearly re- produce images of individual fish, and accu- rately record plankton masses and boundaries of water masses. Its vertical depth range is said to exceed 9,800 feet. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, August 15, 1962.) OVERSEAS TUNA BASES TRYING TO ACQUIRE MORE VESSELS: As the tuna catch quota has been increased by Japanese authorities by 20 percent inmoth- ership-type operations and by 50 percent at the bases in American Samoa and Espirito Santo, respectively, additional vessels are required at all those bases. Further, the port of Penang in Malaya has acquired atrans- shipment quota of 6,000 tons of frozen tuna, and plans are stepped up in establishing new bases at Fiji, Tahiti, New Caledonia, and Madagascar. All of the fishing companies concerned in those operations and projects are trying to acquire additional vessels of up to 180 gross tons in size. It is reported that representa- tives of the firms concerned are seen at all principal Japanese tuna ports. (Japanese periodical, August 21, 1962.) REVISION OF TUNA VESSEL FISHING REGULATIONS PLANNED: The Japanese Fisheries Agency is re- ported to have revealed its intention to re- vise existing regulations governing operation of medium- and distant-water tuna vessels and portable-vessel-carrying tuna mother- ships, based on the request submitted by the National Federation of Japan Tuna Fisheries Cooperative Associations. Reportedly, the Agency intends to make the following changes in the existing regulations: October 1962 Japan (Contd.): 1. Licensed tuna fishing vessels will be permitted to transfer their catches at sea, with certain exceptions. 2. Fishing vessels operating independ- ently will be permitted to unload their catch- es at transshipment bases in the Pacific Ocean for shipment to Japan proper. How- ever, they will not be allowed to transship their catches for export purposes. 3. Restrictions on types of fishing ves- sels authorized to land catches at overseas bases or authorized to fish for motherships will be removed. 4, Conditions and restrictions currently governing the licensing of tuna fishing ves- sels, such as retiring a vessel before con- structing a new vessel, will be removed, with certain exceptions. (Present regulations re- quire that more than 50 gross tons be put up as replacement tonnage when constructing a new vessel.) 5. Regulations will be revised to strength- en control over unlicensed fishing vessels. 6. In the assignment of vessels to over - seas fishing bases, the provision in the regu- lations which grants priority to newly-li- censed fishing vessels will be deleted. (Sui- san Keizai Shimbun, August 14, 1962.) Kk OK ok OK TUNA LONG-LINER FLEET TRENDS: Data compiled by the Japan Export Fro- zen Tuna Producers Association show that, as of July 1, 1962, the number of Japanese tuna distant-water long-liners totaled 445 vessels. Composition of Japanese Distant-Water Tuna Long-Liner Fleet No. Vessels Total Gross Tonnage Size Range 170, 415 The data also revealed that between Janu- ary-June 1962, a total of 49 new tuna long- liners (totaling 16,759 gross tons) were con- structed. In 1961, 116 long-liners (totaling 38,820 gross tons) were constructed; in 1960, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 61 78 vessels (totaling 32,274 gross tons) were built. Examination of data for January 1960-June 1962 shows that the majority of the long-liners constructed during that 24-year period were under 250 tons gross, followed by vessels in the 250-350 ton category. Also, 72 percent of the vessels under 250 tons gross and 60 per- cent of those in the 250-350 ton category were constructed after 1960. In contrast, only 3 vessels in the 550-1,000 ton class have been constructed since January 1960. (Suisan Tsu- shin, August 17, 1962.) HK OOK kK STERN TRAWLER TO FISH FOR COD IN NORTHWEST ATLANTIC: A license permitting temporary trawling operations in the Northwest Atlantic by the stern trawler Aoi Maru No. 2 (1,138 gross tons) was issued by the Japanese Fisheries Agency to one of the three Japanese fishing firms which applied for such permits during early August this year. The vessel was sched- uled to leave Nagasaki for fishing in the vi- cinity of Newfoundland, using St. Pierre (a French free port) as its base of operations. The fishing firm that was granted the per- mit is a subsidiary of a Japanese marketing firm, which has shown considerable interest in supplying cod for the St. Pierre fish stick processing industry, and also exporting cod to the United States and Europe. It was reported that the plan was stimu- lated by a sharp rise in the consumption of cod in the United States and Latin American countries, and was not to be regarded as a substitute for any failure in Japanese trawl- ing operations off Africa's Atlantic Coast. (Japanese periodical, July 24-30, 1962.) Sle ve ste se ke 3K OS OK OK 3K TRAWLING IN NORTHWEST ATLANTIC EXPECTED TO START EARLY IN OCTOBER 1962: The Japanese trawler Aoi Maru (1,134 gross tons) was expected to start fishing in the Northwest Atlantic off the coast of Green- land early in October 1962. The vessel left Japan August 20, 1962, and was expected to arrive on the fishing grounds October 10, 1962. Catches (probably frozen) were to be transshipped to the United States from St. Pierre Island or Trini- dad. The Japanese company that operates 62 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Japan (Contd.): the Aoi Maru maintains a branch office in New York City. Their New York branch of- fice has arranged sales contracts with two fish processing firms in Boston, Mass., for fish transshipped by the Aoi Maru. The Japanese Fisheries Agency is ex- pected to approve the license application sub- mitted by another Japanese fishing company for permission to fish in the Northwest At- lantic. (Fisheries Attache, United State Em- bassy, Tokyo, September 14, 1962.) gle Se Sle Sle sk KOK OK Kk STERN TRAWLER TO FISH OFF WEST AFRICA: A large Japanese fishing firm's stern trawler Akebono Maru No. 50 (1,500 gross tons) left Japan in August 1962 for West African waters and was scheduled to arrive at the fishing grounds off Las Palmas Island in early September. The stern trawler is the first of thefirm's trawlers to operate in the Atlantic Ocean, Another of the firm's trawlers, Akebono Maru No. 53 (1,500 gross tons), currently operating in the Indian Ocean northwest of Australia, is also expected to proceed to the Atlantic Ocean. (Shin Suisan Shimbun Soku- ho, August 22, 1962.) & Republic of Korea CONTRACTS FOR LOAN OF $120 MILLION TO BUILD FISHING VESSELS: Representatives of an Italian-French combine signed a contract with the Government of the Republic of Korea on August 8, 1962, to provide a $120 million loan for the de- velopment of Korea’s fishing industry, Certain conditions must be met before the contract becomes binding and some details of the contract still have to be negotiated. New fishing vessels (729) with a total tonnage of 118,000 tons are to be built with the loan. Most of the vessels are to be built in Europe. Engines and other equipment (except lumber) will be supplied from Europe for the vessels to be built in Korea, All supplies are to be delivered to European ports. As a result of the agreement, South Korea would nearly double its fishing fleet. The Italian-French combine is to train Korean fisher- men and technicians and assist in marketing Korean fishery products throughout the world. It is predicted that the proj- ect will boost the annual Korean catch to over one million metric tons and the value of the annual catch to US$70 mil- lion. Modern packing facilities would be created at six Ko- rean ports. In1961, the Korean total catch amounted to 412,000 tons (including 37,000 tons of seaweed) with a value of $29 million, Vol. 24, No. 10 The contract will go into force after (1) approval of the Korean, Italian, and French Governments: (2) the issuance of credit guarantees by the Italian and French authorities; (3) the deposit of a down payment of 10 percent by the Ko- reans in Europe; and (4) the deposit of drafts as stipulated in the contract in a bank designated by the Contractor. Fur- ther details of the work to be done under the contract are to be negotiated within three months. The combine is to sub- mit for approval by Korea a plan for first priority work, Prices, to be agreed upon by the two parties, are to be ‘‘based upon international competitive market prices.”’ Terms of the contract call for advance payment of 20 percent of the loan, and half of that must be paid in cash in U. S. dollars on specified dates before work on the new ves~ sels begins, Then ten percent of the price of each vessel or unit of equipment is to be paid in U.S. dollar drafts when the unit is delivered to a European port. Eighty percent of the price of each vessel or unit of equipment is to be paid in 7 years in semiannual installments, with an annual inter- est rate of 5.5 percent, This payment is to be in drafts of U.S. dollars ‘‘issued by the Contractor to its own order or to the order of a Financing Institute to be disignated by the Contractor.’’ (United States Embassy, Seoul, August 10, 1962.) The present agreement is a revision of the Italo-South Korean agreement of February 12, 1962. Morocco CANNED FISH PACK AND EXPORTS, 1961/62 SEASON: The canned fish pack in Morocco during the 1961/62 canning year (June 1-May 31) showed a moderate increase over the previ- ous year. Morocco's Canned Fish Pack, 1961/62 and 1960/61 Products 1961/1962 1960/1961 Siete sales (Cases) icatentememns 2,014,878 | 1,984,572 171, 967 130,988 315, 265 215, 891 2,502, 110 2,331,451 Although Morocco's exports for the 1961/62 canning year setan all-time high, the sardine industry is in difficulty. After having disap- peared from the waters off Safi during July and most of August 1962, the sardine returned but the quality of the catch was reported to be very poor from Casablanca south. In addition, Moroccan sardine exports face difficulties in their major market in France. Sardines or pilchards ..... Tuna Other fish (incl. mackerel) .. 2° © 0 © © © © © © © © © 8 The Government has endorsed ''Operation Tuna,''aplanto promote tuna fishing to offset the poor results being obtained with sardines. Success will depend in part on whether or not arrangements canbe made to contract for freez- ing and factoryships to work together with Mo- roccan fishing vessels onthe highseas. (United States Embassy, Rabat, September 7, 1962.) sk le cle ke ke BS) aie oie) ise es October 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 63 Morocco (Contd.): FISHING LIMITS EXTENDED TO 12 MILES: The Government of Morocco on July 27, 1962, announced the extension of Moroccan fishing limits from 6 to 12 miles. The an- FRANCE GIS nouncement included the statement that the new measure would permit the Government to reinforce its surveillance of its territori- al waters and to fight with greater effect against the ''systematic ravages'' to Moroc- can fishing waters. The extension will make it impossible for French and Portuguese fishermen to continue catching sardines off the Moroccan coast. (United States Embas- sy, Rabat, August 10, 1962; Le Marin, fish- ery periodical, August 3, 1962.) Netherlands JAPANESE CANNED TUNA PRICES, MID-SEPTEMBER 1962: In mid-September 1962, the wholesale prices of Japanese canned tuna in the Neth- erlands were as follows: ‘Tuna in "dressing" sauce (48 64-02. cans) . $6.70 per case Tuna in jelly (48 7-0z. cams). ..e.s+seeoe $6.40 per case Only a small quantity of Japanese canned tuna is being sold in the Netherlands. The market for canned salmon in the Netherlands is much larger than the market for canned tuna. (United States Embassy, The Hague, September 14, 1962.) Nigeria FISH CATCH FROM LAKE CHAD: The estimated annual catch from the Ni- gerian sector of Lake Chad is 10,000 metric tons. The annual catch yields about 4,800 tons of dried fish which when marketed has a re- tail value of about $4.2 million. (Fed- eral Fisheries Service, Lagos, January 1962.) Note: See also under "Chad." Norway EXPORTS OF CANNED FISH, Norway’s total exports of canned fish during the period January 1-June 23, 1962, were 14.5 percent greater than in the same period of 1961. All of Norway’s important canned fish products, except soft herring roe, were export- ed in greater quantity in 1962. Exports of canned smoked brisling were up 22.8 percent and exports of canned smoked sild were up 19.7 percent, [ Norwegian Exports of Canned Fish, January 1-June 23, 1962 1/ Product 1962 1961 Metric 1,000 Metric 1,000 Tons Lbs. Tons Lbs, Smoked brisling .... 2,393 5,276 1,948 4,295 ISmoked small sild ... 6,543 | 14,425 5,472 | 12,063 IKippered herring .... 2,422 5,340 2,169 4,782 ae herring roe... 575 1,267 587 1,294 ild delicatessen .... 221 487 146 322 Other canned fish.... 1,709 3,767 1,718 3,787 SHevitishiyremsemeteneltentcie 920 2,028 870 1,918 ie rs HNO Lally Weetemeta wells ene _| 14,783 | 32,590 | 12,910 | 28,461 1/Preliminary. al During January- May 1962, Norway’s total exports of canned fish showed an increase of 11.3 percent in quantity and 15.2 percent in value over exports in the same period of 1961, due mainly to an increase in exports to the United States. Norway’s Total Exports of Canned Fish, January-May, 1961-62 17 — = | Year Quantity Value Metric 1,000 | Million | Million Tons Lbs. News US$ ea ob a ia@cialo aremer econ | alae Ore: 28,378 | 63.84 8.9 HO Gig leneiounp oe olninio 11,565 25,496 | 55.44 7.8 1/Preliminary. The United States was the leading buyer of Norwegian canned fish during January- May 1962 with 6,527 metric tons valued at N. kroner 33.2 million (US$4.6 million) as compared with 4,509 tons valued at N, kroner 23.7 million (US$3.3 million) during the same period of 1961, Other important markets for Norwegian canned fish in 1962 were Great Britain, Australia, South Africa, and Canada, The brisling catch on the west coast has been good this year, although catches declined in July. As of July 21, 1962, the brisling pack totaled 238,763 cases and the small sild pack amounted to 222,130 cases, as compared with 298,522 cases of brisling and 162,219 cases of small sild by the same date last year, (Norwegian Canners Export Journal, August 1962.) sle Sle se ske ook 3K Sk SK OOK OOK 64 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 10 Norway (Contd.): The tuna catch and the number of vessels engaged in the fishery fluctuate considerably TUNA CATCH IN 1962 EXPECTED from year to year. Norwegian fishermen be- TO BE LESS THAN IN 1961: gan purse-seining for tuna in 1948. The rec- Norwegian fishermen as of early Septem- | ord catch of about 12,000 tons was made in ber had landed about 5,400 metric tons of 1952. tuna this year. The tuna fishing season in Norway is from July-October. A total of 160 At the World Scientific Meeting on the Bi- purse-seiners manned by 1,700 fishermen ology of Tunas and Related Species, La Jolla, are engaged in the main tuna fishery off West | Calif., July 2-14, 1962, a Norwegian scientist Norway. Others were fishing for tuna off the | reported the results of his investigation of Nordland coast. tuna migration. His study showed that bluefin tuna tagged off Spain and the United States mi- The tuna catch will probably increase be- | grate to Norwegian waters. (News of Norway, fore the season ends, but it is doubtful if it September 6, 1962.) 3° 10" 13° T — \ : aye ess _ T ARCTIC CIRCLE—— — — — MAP OF NORWAY SOUTH OF o ) THE f, ARCTIC CIRCLE PIN a ft a MAP OF NORWAY —- : SSN tes ‘ : : >< Gan hee ee ‘ x NORTH OF Hh Py jodo ¥ Dew 8 an eal ea A y LA “E : ARCTIC CIRCLE m\ 2 OS\0 — S y Notoddety 7 K\ ae 2.8 aRcTIC GIRCL —< RAILWAYS Be jo Q J A Gwe == ROADS g INTERNATIONAL, BOUNDARIES \" 4 Sy Risor me PAvedestron rent , f OT a IAF Lllevend round” (XE “Kristiansand landal will match the 1961 catch of 6,500 tons with an export value of 15 million N. kroner (US$2.1 million). (Editor's Note: Off the coast of Norway, tuna are more difficult to catch in the fall because the fish on which they feed become less plentiful and the tuna Peru inhabit the deeper waters.) Most of the Nor- wegian tuna catch is shipped to Italy, but GOVERNMENT'S NEW PROCEDURES FOR substantial quantities are also exported to FISH MEAL PLANT LICENSES: West Germany and Czechoslovakia. A new Peruvian law (Decree No, 14195) published in El Peruano, August 29, 1962, establishes new procedures for October 1962 Peru (Contd.): issuance of licenses to fish meal plants in Peru. Significant provisions of the new Decree are: 1. An applicant for a license to establish a new fish-meal plant must pay 500 soles (US$18.65) a ton per hour of raw material capacity. Fig. 1 - A Peruvian boat with the hold and decks loaded with anchovetas, used for making fish meal and oil. Boat is un- loading at the Port of Chimbote. 2, The applicant must obtain authorization from the Office of the Director of Industries and Electricity showing that the plant meets the requirements established for that type of in- dustrial plant. 3. Licenses to set up new plants will be valid for a year and can be renewed for up to one year by making a flat pay- ment of 10,000 soles ($373) for each month of the renewal. 4, Before entering into regular production, the plant must pass a technical inspection. ane 2 = Fig. 2 - A typical Peruvian anchoveta boat about ready for launching. 5. A register of fish-meal factories will be set up, to in- clude plants already established as well as those to be estab- lished under the new law. 6. Registration, bringing with it a definitive license, can be accomplished by payment of 500 soles a ton per hour of raw material capacity. (Existing plants also must be regis~- tered and pay this fee.) 7. Those plants having definitive licenses will pay an an- nual fee of 200 soles ($7.46) per ton of capacity. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 65 8. Money from the fees established in the Decree will be used to carry out the programs of the Fish Service in the Re- public, principally the’ program for utilization of fish products in low-cost food for human consumption. 9. Installation of new fish-meal plants is prohibited in certain zones, including Callao, Chimbote, and Laguna Grande, 10, The Ministry of Agriculture is authorized to establish closed fishing seasons as a conservation measure. The Peruvian Government has already granted about 40 licenses for new fish-meal plants in recent months. In the past, it usually took several months to obtain a license even under the best of conditions. Under the new system, licenses are expected to be issued within about a week after applica- tion, This would obviously make it easy to break into the fish-meal business in Peru if one has sufficient capital. The average cost of installing and starting a fish-meal plant in Peru was recently estimated at about $1 million. It seems likely that a number of new plants, applications for which were pending under the old regulations, will now be granted licenses and begin operations within the next few months. Peruvian Government officials anticipate, however, that most of the 60 to 65 applications now pending will be dropped, since many of those applications were filed by per- sons who thought they could get licenses and then sell them at a profit, This resulted from licenses being hard to obtain under the old system, It is believed that individuals who still plan to establish plants will find it difficult, or impossible, to get into production in time to benefit from the good fishing season anticipated in late 1962 and early 1963. A Peruvian industry source, who thinks there are already too many fish-meal plants in Peru, does not believe many new plants will be established as a result of the new Decree. It was also pointed out that the Government apparently intends to take further steps to regulate the industry, and may very well prohibit fishing at certain times, and in certain areas, Concerning this last point, a Government official stated that the Government has no intention of regulating the commercial side of the industry, but will impose conservation measures if such are necessary. Up to now, the Government official said, there is no indication that the anchoveta supply is being overfished, Peru’s fish~meal production has been increasing steadily and is expected to be more than one million metric tons in 1962, In the first 6 months of 1962, Peru’s fish-~meal pro- duction was reported to be 544,000 metric tons according to preliminary data from the International Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers, Most of the leading countries produc- ing fish meal submit monthly data to the Association. De- spite the heavy production, the demand and price of Peruvian fish meal have been holding up. Peru’s fish-meal production may continue to increase in 1963, but it is too early at this time to predict or guess what effect it will then have on mar- ket conditions and prices. (United States Embassy, Lima, Peru, August 31, 1962.) Portugal JOINT JAPANESE-PORTUGUESE TUNA VENTURE PROPOSED: A large Portuguese firm was reported in August 1962 tohave offered alarge Japanese fishing company a proposal to establish a joint tuna venture. Under this plan, a tuna base equipped with cold-storage facilities and a packing plant would be established 66 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Portugal (Contd.): jointly in a Portuguese territory bordering the Atlantic Ocean with Japanese and Por- tuguese capital, the products to be sold to the European market. The Japanese firm is said to be studying the offer carefully in view of the tuna import restrictions imposed by the European Com- mon Market. (Shin Suisan Shimbun Sokuho, August 22, 1962.) South Africa Republic PILCHARD-MAASBANKER FISHERY, JANUARY -JUNE 1962: The South Africa Republic cape west coast pelagic shoal fish catch for the first six months of 1962 totaled 400,394 short tons of pilchards, 63,263 tons of maasbanker, and 19,321 tons of mackerel; a total of 482,978 tons. The catch to the end of June last year was 386,996 tons of pilchards, 41,350 tons of maasbanker, and 45,726 tons of mackerel; a total of 474,072 tons. The total catch in the same period of 1960 was 336,869 tons. iz eee =o — == = A modern fish meal plant at Alfred Basin Cape Town's first har- bor of the last century, The basin is now used mainly by South Africa's deep-sea trawling fleet. According to figures released by the Di- vision of Sea Fisheries, the June catch was 13,615 tons of pilchards, 10,585 tons of ma- asbanker, and 34 tons of mackerel; a total of 24,507 tons. This compares with 43,181 tons of pilchards, 11,439 tons of maasbanker, and 10 tons of mackerel in June last year; and with 50,141 tons of pilchards, 1,707 tons of maasbanker, and 80 tons of mackerel in June 1960. Vol. 24, No. 10 The June 1962 catch yielded 6,376 short tons of fish meal, 457,273 gallons of fish body oil, 1,798,432 pounds of canned pilchards, and 2,564,016 pounds of canned maasbanker. During June, the shoal fishing industry at Walvis Bay in South-West Africa landed 75,387 short tons of pilchards, and the catch there to the end of June totaled 267,794 short tons. (The South African Shipping News and Fishing Industry Review, August 1962.) South-West Africa LARGE ORDER OF CANNED FISH SOLD TO PHILIPPINES: The South-West African fishing industry has received an order for 900,000 cases of canned fish from the Philippines. The order is valued at about R3 million (US$4.2 million) and will be shipped in September, October, and November of this year. The Philippine Government's buying organization (NAMARCO) is the purchaser. Sales of canned fish to the Philippines had been in jeopardy for many months because of the Philippines' foreign exchange problems. Consequently, the South-West African fishing industry was greatly relieved at the consum- mation of this very large order. (United States Embassy, Pretoria, September 6, 1962.) dal Spain BILBAO FISHERIES TRENDS, SECOND QUARTER 1962: A total catch of about 3,500 tons of tuna was reported by the 16 Spanish vessels from northern Spain that fished off Dakar and Abidjan, West Africa, in the winter tuna sea- son of 1962. It was Spain's most profitable and successful winter tuna season inthe past six years, although catches declined to about one-third of the fleet's capacity in April. The Spanish fleet returned to its home ports at the end of April. It is believed that about 30 Spanish vessels plan to fish for tuna off Afri- ca in the fall of 1962. The 1962 summer tuna Season in those waters began in early June. Initial catches and prospects were good. The early catches October 1962 Spain (Contd.): brought about 60 pesetas a kilogram ($1,000 a metric ton) in the local retail market for fresh consumption as compared to 45 pesetas a kilogram ($750 a metric ton) last year. Anchovies off Spain had been abundant and of good quality and size long before the tradi- tional start of the season on March 1. But anchovy catches during the second quarter of 1962 did not live up to expectations. They were sporadic due to weather conditions and often consisted of small fish. The fish caught was sold mostly for fresh consumption since the prices were too high for the canneries. The total second quarter anchovy catch inthe Bilbao district was reported to have been 30 percent less than in the same period of 1961. The average wholesale price in the fishing ports was estimated to have been about 5 pesetas a kilogram (about 3.8 U.S. cents a pound), or twice the price of last year. In view of the light anchovy catches, the Fish- ermen's Brotherhood increased temporarily the maximum catches per vessel per day from 8,000 kilograms to 10,000 kilograms. (United States Consulate, Bilbao, August 8, 1962.) TUNA PACKERS SWITCH TO CANNING IN OIL: The Spanish tuna packing plants seem to have switched to tuna in olive oil from tuna in brine as of August 1962. In European markets tuna canned in olive oil packed in Spain has begun to appear in a noticeable quantity. (Suisan Tsushin, August 23, 1962.) Tunisia YUGOSLAV-BUILT FISHING VESSELS DELIVERED TO TUNISIA: Five Yugoslav-built seiners were deliv- ered on August 22, 1962, to the Tunisian Na- tional Office of Fisheries. Completely equip- ped, including electronic gear and refrigera- tion equipment, each of the 60-ton vessels cost about US$70,000. These vessels are the first to be delivered under an agreement signed in March 1962. (United States Em- bassy, Tunis, August 24, 1962.) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 67 U.S.S.R. SOVIETS BUILD FIRST TUNA LONG-LINE VESSEL: The hull of the first Soviet tuna long-line vessel was laid ina Far East shipyard in the spring of 1962. The vessel, designed by Leni- grad engineers, will have a displacement of 1,000 tons and be capable of fishing for 50 days without touching at port. The vessel's two storage holds with a combined capacity of 100 tons will be refrigerated by a dry meth- od. The vessel will be equipped with a long- line 46.6 miles long with 1,750 hooks; the lat- est navigation instruments; and fish-finding equipment. The long-line will be set and raised by two winches and tuna processing work will be mechanized. The crew will be quartered in one- and two-berth air -condi- tioned cabins. (Leningradskaya Pravda, June 29, 1962.) se ke see a OK OK A OK SOVIETS DESIGN COMBINATION FACTORYSHIP-RESEARCH VESSEL: Lenigrad engineers have drawn plans for a vessel that will be a floating laboratory as well as a modern commercial stern trawler- factoryship. The vessel will be equipped with 11 research laboratories, submerged port holes for underwater observations, a hydro- stat that can be lowered to a depth of 600 meters to collect oceanographic data, and 2 aquariums with continuous running water for holding fish under study. But it will also be equipped for stern trawling and purse-seining. A fish meal and oil reduction plant and fish freezing facilities will be installed. It will have a carrying capacity of 300 tons of fro- zen fish, as well as space for canned fish, cod-liver oil, and ''fish flour.'' The fishing operations of the vessel are expected to pay half of the maintenance costs as well as help determine the best fishing methods, The Soviets plan to use the vessel in the study of marine life in the near-bottom lay- ers of the sea, marine microfauna and micro- flora, fish nutriment resources, and other studies. The vessel's laboratories are de- signed for hydrological, ichthyological, hydro- mechanical, microbiological, and other re- search. The vessel will be named after N. M. Knipovich, a zoologist who founded the Soviet school of ichthyologists and organized a num- 68 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW WaiSaoreRa (Contd): ber of Soviet fishing research expeditions. (Leningradskaya Pravda, June 29, 1962.) nk ook ook ook ook SOVIET-BLOC FISHING ACTIVITIES IN NORTH ATLANTIC: The Soviet Union continues to utilize the fishery resources of Georges Bank as evi- Vol. 24, No. 10 sels. In addition, several trawlers from East Germany and Poland were also on Geor- ges Bank fishing for herring. (Unpublished sources.) Sie) ie, 3K) ok) ok EXPLORATORY FISHING OFF SOUTH ATLANTIC COAST: A Soviet exploratory fishing vessel was reported off the east coast of Florida during denced by the presence, during August 1962, August 1962. The vessel, the Boguchar, is a of a Soviet fleet consisting of 125 to 160 ves- 150-foot refrigerated medium trawler of the Okean class. Earlier in the year (June 1962) the same vessel was reported seeking men- haden off the coast of South Carolina. (Un- ) _. | published sources.) 2K OOK 6 OK Ok FISHING ACTIVITIES IN GULF OF ALASKA: Soviet fleets in the Gulf of Alaska during August 1962 continued to fish for Pacific ocean perch. In early August, a mothership and several trawlers were reported taking king crab southwest of Kodiak Island. (Un- published sources.) A 1,500-ton stern trawler-factoryship operating on Banks. SHARK SWALLOWS DRIFT BOTTLE Apparently mackerelsharks couldn't care less what they eat. A member of that species of the sharp snout and the razor-like teeth swallowed a drift bottle around Georges Bank about 150 miles off the western tip of Nova Scotia. The drift bottle encountered the shark--or vice versa--about a month after it had been cast overboard from the car ferry Bluenose somewhere between Yarmouth and Bar Harbor, Maine. The bottles are released by the Fisheries Research Board of Canada through its biological station at St. Andrews, N.B., for the purpose of get- ting information on currents. The bottle in question was one of many thrown into the sea in connection with a study of herring movements now being conducted by the Board's biologists. Inside the bottles are writteninstructions asking the finder to return information tothe Board concerning the time and place where the bottles are found. A reward of one dollar is paid to the person forwarding the information. A United States fisherman from Quincy, Mass., returned the information about the bottle found inside the shark. The big fish was caught at the northeast peak of Georges Bank inthe North Atlantic. (Canadian Department of Fisheries Trade News, April 1962.) October 1962 ee | Civil Service Commission FISHERY AND WILDLIFE BIOLOGISTS EXAMINATION ANNOUNCED: The U. S. Civil Service Commission Kea announced on August 21, 1962, the ' 'Fishery Biologist and Wildlife Biologist" examina - tion (Announcement 285 B), There is no closing date for the examination. Fishery and Wildlife Biologists perform professional and scientific work in connec- tion with the conservation and management of fish and other aquatic organisms, such as crustaceans and mollusks, and of various forms of wildlife. Announcement No. 285 B gives the educa- tional, experience, and training require - ments, as well as a more detailed descrip- tion of the work and duties involved. Copies can be obtained from U. 8S. Civil Service Re- gional Offices, or from the U. 8. Civil Serv - ice Commission, Washington 25, D. C. Applications for the examination are to be sent to the Executive Secretary, Board of U. S. Civil Service Examiners, Fishand Wild- life Service, U. S. Department of the Interior, Washington 25, D. C. Applications will beac- cepted until further notice. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION OBJECTIONS TO STANDARD OF IDEN- TITY FOR CANNED TUNA DISALLOWED: Objections to the requirement that (1) the words "in water" be included in the name on the label of canned water-pack or in-brine tuna and (2) tuna darker than Munsell value 5.3 be labeled "dark tuna'' rather than sim- ply ''tuna'’ were disallowed by the Food and Drug Administration in a final order on the Mi FEDERAL & ae“ ACTIONS COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 69 standard of identity for canned tuna published in the Federal Register of September 7, 1962. The order affirmed the proposed find- ings of fact published in the Federal Register of March 31, 1961. The labeling requirements of the standard of identity for canned tuna be- come effective 120 days from September 7, 1962, the date the final order was published in the Federal Register. A notice of a proposal to establish a defi- nition and standard of identity and a standard of fill of container for canned tuna was first published in the Federal Register of August 28, 1956. No objections were filed to the fill of container standard and compositional re- quirements of the identity standard and the effective date of those provisions was set out in the order of February 13, 1957 (22 F.R. 892), In recognition of the objections to the labeling requirements of the identity standard, those requirements were stayed pending a decision on the objections indicated above. The final order as it appeared in the Sep- tember 7, 1962, Federal Register follows: Title 21—FOOD AND DRUGS Chapter I—Food and Drug Adminis- tration, Department of Health, Edu- cation, and Welfare SUBCHAPTER B—FOOD AND FOOD PRODUCTS |Docket No. FDC-64] PART 37—FISH; DEFINITIONS AND STANDARDS OF IDENTITY; STAND- ARDS OF FILL OF CONTAINER Findings of Fact and Order Ruling on Objections to Standard of Identity for Canned Tuna In the matter of establishing a defini- tion and standard of identity for canned tuna fish: In the FepERAL ReGIsTer of August 28, 1956 (21 F.R. 6492), there was published a notice of a proposal to establish a defi- nition and standard of identity and a standard of fill of container for canned tuna fish. An order was published Feb- ruary 13, 1957 (22 F.R. 892) , adopting the proposals, with modifications. Subse- quently, objections were filed, and a public hearing was requested on two of 70 the labeling requirements in the identity standard: (1) The requirement that tuna darker than a prescribed level be labeled “dark”; and (2) the requirement that for water-pack tuna the name on the label should include the words “in water’. By an order published in the FEDERAL REGISTER Of August 29, 1957 (22 F.R. 6961), notice was given that no ob- jections had been filed to the fill of con- tainer standard or to the compositional requirements of the identity standard, and the effective date for these provi- sions, as set out in the order of Febru- ary. 13, 1957 (22 F.R. 892), was con- firmed. In recognition of the objections to the labeling requirements of the iden- tity standard, these requirements were stayed pending the outcome of the hear- ing on the issues raised by the objections (23 FLR. 245). Pursuant to a notice of hearing pub- lished in the FEDERAL REGISTER (22 F.R. 10964), a public hearing was held to receive evidence on the issues raised by the objectors. Thereafter a tentative order including proposed findings of fact was published March 31, 1961 (26 F.R. 2723). Exceptions to this tentative order were filed in behalf of distributors of water-pack tuna imported from Japan. These exceptions challenged the conclu- sion that the objectors had failed to prove that the interests of consumers would be promoted by rescinding the pro- vision requiring that the words “in water” be included in the name on labels of water-pack tuna. The record has been restudied, in the light of the ex- ceptions, and findings concerning the objectors’ claim that consumers usually discard the oil from cil-pack tuna have been revised. However, these revisions do not alter the ultimate conclusion that consumer interests would not be served by rescinding the requirement for in- cluding the words “in water” in the name on labels of water-pack canned tuna. On the basis of the evidence received at the hearing, and pursuant to the author- ity vested in the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare by the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (secs. 401, 701(e) (3), 52 Stat. 1046, 1055 as amended 70 Stat. 919; 21 U.S.C. 341, 371(e)(3)) and delegated to the Commissioner of Food and Drugs by the Secretary (25 F.R. 8625), and after con- sideration of the exceptions filed, which are adopted in part and rejected in part as is apparent from the detailed findings herein made; It is ordered: A. That the findings of fact in the above-identified matter be established as follows: Findings of fact... 1. By an order pub- lished in the FEDERAL RecIsTER of February 13, 1957 (22 F.R. 892), a defi- nition and standard of identity for canned tuna fish was promulgated. Ob-— jections were filed protesting those por- tions of the order requiring that tuna darker in color than Munsell value 5.3 be declared on the label as “dark tuna” and that the name on the label of canned tuna packed in water rather than in oil include the words “in water” as a part of the name of the food. Notices of the objections, the stay of the labeling requirements, and the announcement of the public hearing on the objections were 1The citations following each finding of fact refer to the pages of the transcript of testimony and the exhibits received in evi- dence at the hearing. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW published in the FEDERAL REGISTER on August 29, 1957 (22 F.R. 6961), and December 28, 1957 (22 F.R. 10964). (Ex. 2, 4, 5, 7, 23) 2. The only issue concerning the color of canned tuna to be determined on the basis of the evidence was raised in the objection filed by one packer, the oper- ator of a cannery in Maine, who advo- cated changing the wording of § 37.1(d) (3) of the standard from: (3) Dark. This color designation in- cludes all tuna darker than Munsell value 5.3, to (3) Tuna. This designation includes all tuna darker than Munsell value 5.3 canned from the light meat of tuna. The objection did not make an issue of whether the method specified in the order was appropriate for making the differentiation between dark and light tuna; of whether the value for such differentiation was properly set at 5.3 on the Munsell scale; or of whether the standard should require the label desig- nation for tuna darker than Munsell value 5.3 to be different from the label designation for tuna lighter than Mun- sell value 5.3. The sole issue was whether the standard should require cans containing tuna darker than Mun- sell value 53 to be labeled “dark tuna” rather than simply “tuna.” (R, 9, 11-12, 14, 17, 38, 47, 54-55; Ex. 7) 3. The only witness who supported the objection to the label declaration “dark tuna” sometimes employed the phrase “light meat of tuna” to mean striated muscular tissue, as specified in § 37.1(c) of the standard, without regard to the color shade of such tissue. At other times, when referring to this same striated muscular tissue (as prepared from large blue-fin tuna and from Atlantic little tunny), the witness used the term “dark meat.’ Apparently, it was for this dark-colored striated mus- cular tissue that he urged the change of the standard to provide for labeling it by the unmodified word “tuna” though he sometimes used the designation ‘‘dark meat” or “black meat” to mean non- striated tissue, which is an _ entirely different part of the fish and which the standard requires to be eliminated before canning. (R, 18, 33-34, 37, 43, 50, 66) 4. Several kinds of tuna have been caught in the Atlantic waters, but the only color determinations reported in the record are for the categories little tunny; large blue-fin tuna, exceeding 500 pounds in weight; and blue-fin tuna ranging in weight from 20 pounds to 104 pounds. These color determinations showed that little tunny and the large blue-fin tuna yield canned tuna of color darker than Munsell 5.3. The canned tuna prepared from the smaller blue- fin tuna (those not exceeding 104 pounds in weight) measured lighter than Mun- sell 5.3. (R. 10, 18, 29-30, 54, 58, 60, 74, 76; Ex. 8) 5. The canned article prepared from large blue-fin tuna, where the fish weighed in excess of 500 pounds each, not only was of a dark color but it was coarse in texture and had a distinctive taste, described as stronger, heartier, and more fishy. The opinion was expressed that this darker colored, stronger fla- vored article prepared from large blue- fin tuna would appeal to a limited seg- ment of consumers. (R. 14, 33-35, 46-47, 58-59) 6. The responses to a questionnaire answered by more than 4,000 consumers Vol. 24, No. 10 showed an interest on the part of a sub- stantial number of consumers in having labels show whether the meat in the can is light or dark. A consumer survey in which interviewers visited 252 house- holds in which the homemaker used canned tuna showed that 65 percent of these homemakers regarded a color photograph of a can of tuna meas- uring 5.3 on the Munsell scale as dark tuna. Over two-thirds of the home- makers interviewed were interested in whether the tuna they serve is light or dark tuna, and substantially all wanted the label on the cans to show whether the tuna is light or dark. (R. 140-141, 162-164, 168, 172, 184-189, 202-204, 210-— 212, 273, 278-279, 281-282; Ex. 14, 17, 18, 24, 25, 26) 7. In households where canned tuna is used, one of the forms in which it is most frequently served is as a salad. For use as a salad the color of tuna is important to housewives and they wish to avoid dark tuna for salads. (R. 42, 168-169) 8. The other issue for the hearing arose from objections filed by distributors of water-pack tuna imported from Japan. These distributors objected to the re- quirement that the name on the label of such canned tuna should include the words “in water.” They asserted: (a) That showing the words “in water” in the name would lead consumers to be- lieve that water would be a major in- gredient of the food and that cans so labeled would contain less fish than equal-sized cans of oil-pack tuna; (b) that consumers usually discard the oil from oil-pack canned tuna; (c) that by inference the provision concerning label declaration of the words “in water” re- quires that these words must follow the word ‘“‘tuna” in the same line on labels. They declared that these. assertions would. be proved by consumer letters and consumer-survey data that would be produced at the hearing. (R. &6~-87, 91, 98, 101, 106-107, 109, 111-114, 134-135; Ex. 23) 9. Historically, it has been conven- tional to use vegetable oil as the packing medium for canned tuna. Tuna canned in the United States, with the exception of tuna prepared for special dietary us- age, has been packed in oil. Around 1951 or 1952 small quantities of imported canned tuna packed in water appeared on the United States markets. Since then, the volume of imported water-pack tuna has increased considerably but re- mains substantially below the total vol- ume of oil-pack tuna on the market. (R. 108, 112, 121, 127, 145-146, 148-149, 173, 249-250; Ex. 15, 16) 10. By various expressions the ob- jectors asserted that consumers usually discard the oil from oil-pack tuna. Two objectors stated that the oil is “in prac- tically all instances discarded’’; one that it “is usually discarded”; another that it is “common practice to discard the oils”; and two objectors asserted that it is safe to state that 98 percent of con- sumers dispose of the oil “since it is not considered an edible part of the con- tents.” The objectors failed to prove their assertions. The results of a ques- tionnaire-type survey submitted by the Food and Drug Administration showed that of more than 4,000 consumers who answered the questionnaire, 56.4 percent reported that when using oil-pack tuna they either always or sometimes use the oil. This percentage agrees well with data published by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the United States Department 71 of the Interior, showing that of more than 1,900 homemakers interviewed in a 1956 survey, 38.7 percent reported that in using oil-pack tuna they always use the oil with the fish and 20.4 percent re- ported that they sometimes use the oil. (R. 109, 150, 278-279; Ex. 16, 24-26) 11. Consumers are concerned whether the canned tuna they purchase is the conventional oil-pack article or i$ tuna packed in water. Some labels on water- pack tuna have shown “no oil added” or “without added oil,” but, in general, the declaration that the tuna is packed in water has been so subordinated on labels that consumers would be apt to overlook it under customary conditions of pur- chase. Housewives serve canned tuna in various ways; they make salads, sand- wiches, casserole dishes, tuna-with- noodles, and use tuna in other cooked dishes. Generally, recipes for the cooked dishes, and frequently those for tuna in salads, call for using the oil from the can along with the tuna fish. The oil adds richness and significantly increases the caloric value of the dishes. When following such recipes, a housewife using water-pack tuna needs to add butter, margarine, or salad oil. It promotes her interests for the label declaration show- ing that the tuna is packed in water to be so displayed that under ordinary con- ditions of purchase she will note it. Some distributors of imported water- pack tuna have sought in their promo- tions to appeal to those consumers who wish to avoid high-calorie foods. These promotions have emphasized that canned tuna where water has been sub- stituted for oil as the packing medium is lower in caloric value than conven- tional oil-pack tuna. The interest of these consumers also is promoted by a prominent label declaration to show that the tuna is packed in water. (R. 120, 128, 134, 137, 138, 167-174; Ex. 12) 12. A consumer survey especially de- signed to elicit evidence from a fair sam- ple of homemakers on the issues raised Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1961 p. 68, July 1961 p. 98. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW in the objections to the canned tuna order was carried out by an organization experienced in conducting such con- sumer interviews. In this survey home- makers were shown cans of water-pack tuna under conditions designed to simu- late those she would experience in mar- keting for canned foods. For cans with commercial labels, fairly representative of the labels that have been used on water-pack tuna and showing ‘Packed in water” on side panels, two-thirds of the homemakers interviewed mistakenly thought that the tuna was packed in oil. (R. 79-83, 178-190, 200-202, 207-210, 219, 221-223, 237, 245, 255, 270-271; Ex. 17-22) 13. The evidence at the hearing did not support the assertion by the objectors that including the words “‘in water” in the name on labels of water-pack tuna would lead consumers to believe water to be a major ingredient and to believe that the cans so labeled would contain less fish than similar cans of oil-pack tuna. In the consumer survey described in Finding 12, the interviewers showed homemakers cans of water-pack tuna with labels specially printed to conform to the requirements of the standard. The names on the labels were: LIGHT TUNA FLAKES IN WATER and SOLID PACK LIGHT TUNA IN WATER The homemakers were asked whether they thought the cans of water-pack tuna would contain less fish, the same amount of fish, or more fish than cans of the same size where the tuna is packed in oil. Half the homemakers answered that the amount of fish would be the same and the others divided about equally between answering that there would be less fish or more fish in the cans of water-pack tuna. Two witnesses trained in statistically evaluating such data testified that these results do not Vol. 24, No. 10 support the claim that showing the words “In water” in the names on labels would lead consumers to believe the cans con- tain less tuna fish. (R. 87, 106-107, 111- 112, 136, 204, 213-214, 251, 267-269, 274- 275; Ex. 17-22) 14. The objectors to the labeling re- quirement for water-pack tuna failed to show that it would promote consumer interests to rescind the provision that the words ‘‘in water” be included in the name and to substitute a requirement that water be named on labels as an optional ingredient. One witness, sup- porting the objections, expressed ap- proval of a suggestion that the words “in water" be shown on labels in type half as large, and on a line below, the other words in the name. A witness, trained and employed in the field of home economics, objected to the use of smaller type for the words “in water.” She ex- plained that women are accustomed to getting tuna packed in oll and for that reason when the tuna is packed in water the label should declare “in water” in easily legible type. She made no specific objection to the suggestion that these words be shown in a line immediately below other words in the name. (R. 97, 152, 154, 156, 165-168, 170, 173) B. That the objections to the standard of identity be disallowed. Effective date. Provisions A and B of this order are effective 120 days from the date of publication in the FEperaL REGISTER. C. That the stay as to the effective date of the labeling requirements of § 37.1(h) of the standard of identity for canned tuna (23 F.R. 245) shall ter- minate 120 days following the date of publication of this order in the FzpERAL REGISTER. (Secs, 401, 701(e) (8), 52 Stat. 1046, 1055 as amended 70 Stut. 919; 21 U.S.C. 341, 871(@).(3) ) Dated: August 31, 1962. Geo. P. Larrick, Commissioner of Food and Drugs. The spear is a fishing implement provided withtwo or more pointed barbedor barbless prongs or blades. usually not detachable from the handle or shaft. ment is generally thrown by hand. A rope is sometimes fas- tened to the shaft to aid in retrieving the spear. SPEAR Spear. Note: Excerpt from Circular 109, Commercial Fishing Gear of the United States, for The blades are | The instru- sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C., single copy, 40 cents. V2 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW More Fish Eaten Per Capita in 1961 Department of the Interior COMMERCIAL FISHERIES BUREAU EMPLOYEE APPOINTED ASSISTANT TO INTERIOR'S SCIENCE ADVISER: Howard H, Eck- les, of McLean, Va., has beenappointed assistant to the Inte - rior Department's science adviser, Sec- retary of the Interior Stewart L. Udallan- nounced on Septem - ber 14, 1962. Eckles, acareer employe, has been servingas chief of the Branch of Marine Fisher- ies inthe Fish and Wildlife Service's Bureau of Commer - cial Fisheries since 1958, He joined the Department in 1948 as a research biologist and has served since then in progressively higher positions. Howard H, Eckles, Secretary Udall said, ''We have established this position under the Department's Science Adviser, Dr. Roger Revelle, for the purpose of broadening the career experience of the younger, talented scientists of the Depart- ment,'' Eckles is the first to be appointedand will return to the Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries upon completion of his assignment. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE PROPOSED REGULATIONS FOR ENFORCEMENT OF DESIST ORDERS AGAINST POSSIBLE RESTRAINT OF TRADE BY FISHERY COOPERATIVES: The Department of the Interior published in the Federal Register of August 31, 1962, Vol, 24, No. 10 proposed rules of procedure governing the enforcement of the issuance of cease and de- sist orders against associations of produc- ers of aquatic products that the Secretary of the Interior has reason to believe are monop- olizing or restraining trade in interstate or foreign commerce to such an extent that the price of any aquatic product is unduly en- hanced, The proposed regulations give the scope of the rules, and have provisions for institution of proceeding, complaint, notice of hearing, intervention, hearing, and prepara- tion and issuance of final decision and order, Interested persons had until September 29, 1962, to submit comments, suggestions, or objections on the proposed regulations. The Act of June 25, 1934 (48 Stat. 1213; 15 U.S.C, 521-522), the functions under which were transferred to the Secretary of the In- terior by 1939 Reorganization Plan No, II, in section 2 thereof provides a remedy whereby the associations of producers of aquatic prod- ucts authorized by section 1 of the Act may be ordered by the Secretary of the Interior to cease and desist from monopolizing or re- straining trade in interstate or foreign com- merce to such an extent that the price ofany aquatic product is unduly enhanced by reason thereof, The proposed rules implement sec- tion 2 of the Act by establishing the procedure to be followed by the Secretary of the Interior or his authorized representative, in the in- forcement of the section. ale fiste, Salel cnlel fale CE SRNL NS ENS BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES SHELLFISH EXPERT TRANSFERRED TO PACIFIC COAST: Dr. Victor L. Loosanoff, an internationally- recognized authority in shellfish biology, was appointed by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice's Bureau of Commercial Fisheries to the position of Research Fishery Biologist on the Pacific Coast, effective October 1, 1962, the Department of the Interior announced. He will be stationed in Tiburon, Calif. Loosanoff has been director of the Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries Biological Laboratory at Mil- ford, Conn., since it was established in No- vember 1931, During his career, devoted almost entire- ly to research on the biology of oysters, clams, and other marine invertebrates and their en- emies, he has made major scientific break- throughs--notably in the development of meth- ods for the farming of mollusks and their ar- October 1962 tificial propagation under hatchery conditions, and inhis oyster pests control studies resulting inthe development ofa ''fence"' of chemically - treated sand which effectively prevents the in- vasion of oyster beds by oyster drills, one of the oysters! deadliest predators. Workis continu- ing on both of these achievements to enable their potential economic benefits to be made avail- able to the industry. In recognition of the importance ofutil- izing to the maximum extent the talents and experience of our Nation's most outstanding scientists, Loosanoff's promotion will re- lieve him of administrative duties and per- mit him to continue his valuable shellfish research, In addition to the already impres- sive list of published reports on his work, completion of the study, analysis, and pub- lication of other accumulated data from his 30 years of shellfish investigations, which will be accomplished in his new position, will be of inestimable value to the science of shellfish biology throughout the world. Loosanofi's location on the West Coast will also make him available, as requested, for consultation and advisory services tothe shellfish authorities of the Pacific States, and to educational institutions and their grad- uate students in aquatic biology. Eighty-Seventh Congress (Second Session) Public bills and resolutions which may directly or indirectly affect the fisheries and allied industries are reported upon, Intro- duction, referral to committees, pertinent legislative actions by the House and Senate, as well as signature into law or other final disposition are covered. AMERICAN SAMOA INCLUDED IN CERTAIN LAWS: The House on Aug. 23, 1962, received the conference report (H. Rept. No. 2264) on H.R. 10062, to extend the application of certain laws to American Samoa. Would authorize the Secretary of the Interior to request Fed- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 73 eral departments, corporations, or agencies to ex- tend, without reimbursement, scientific and technical assistance to promote the welfare of the territory. Examples of the sorts of technical assistance which may be called for from time to time include revision of Samoa's tax structure, education, agricultural and fisheries production and marketing, harbor improve- ment, public utilities, and land planning and zoning. There is a limitation of an aggregate of $250,000 in any one fiscal year. House Report No, 2264, Extending the SEE Report from the Committee of Confe Conference, United States House of Representatives, 87th Congress, 2nd Session, to accompany H.R. 10062), 3 pp., printed. The Committee of Conference agreed to recommend to their respective Houses that the House recede from its dis- agreement to the amendments of the Senate and agree to the same with an amendment, The Senate on Aug. 28, 1962, adopted the confer- ence report (H. Rept. No. 2264) on H.R. 10062, to ex- tend the application of certain laws to > American Samoa. The House conferees and the Senate conferees a- greed that authority to request technical assistance from other departments shall rest with the Secretary of the Interior, instead of the Governor of Samoa. It was also agreed that benefits from the School Lunch Act and the other acts included in the bill shall not be- come effective except upon request of the Secretary of the Interior made to the Secretary of Agriculture and to the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, The House on Aug, 30, 1962, adopted the conference report (H. Rept. 2264) on H.R. 10062. The House and the Senate on Sept. 4, 1962, approved H. Con, Res, 519, that the President of the United States is requested fo return to the House of Representatives the enrolled bill H.R. 10062, to extend the application of certain laws to American Samoa, for re-enrollment in conformance with the conference report (H. Rept. No, 2264) thereon adopted by the two Houses. The President of the United States on Sept. 25, 1962, signed H.R. 10062, to extend the application of certain laws to American Samoa (P.L. 87-688). aoe ENERGY AGENCY: The Fifth Annual Re- port Covering U.S. Participation in the International - Aianite Energy Agency for 1961 (Message from the President of the United States T Transmitting the Fifth Annual Report Covering U.S. Participation in the In- ternational Atomic Energy Agency for the Year 1961, Pursuant to the International Atomic Energy Agency Participation Act), H. Doc. 538, 40 pp., printed. Con- tains the Annual Report on the activities of the Inter- national Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and on the participation of the United States therein, presented to Congress by the President; letters of transmittal; operational activities (consist of preliminary assist- ance missions, training courses and fellowships and exchange of scientists, experts and equipment, infor- mation and conferences, research etc.; relations with other organizations; and administrative and budget- ary matters. A report on the fifth regular session of the General Conference of IAEA is also included. In research, studies are under way on soils, fertilizers and plant growth, entomological problems, animal dis- eases, and food preservation. Agreement was reached during 1961 ona 3-year joint research program with the Oceanographic Institute in Monaco. Under the a- 74 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW greement work began on the study of radionuclides and their concentrates in organisms in the sea and the ef- fects of such concentrates on the organisms. In its program relating to radioactive waste disposal, the Agency convened panels that dealt with (1) problems of disposal of wastes into fresh water, (2) preparation of a manual on safe disposal of small-scale users, (3) methods of monitoring disposal into the sea and stand- ardizing sampling and analysis of radionuclides in sea water and in marine products, and (4) methods of treat- ing and storing radioactive wastes rather than discharg- ing them into the environment. The publications issued the previous year by the IAEA also are listed. EXEMPT TRANSPORTATION OF AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY PRODUCTS: The Senate’ Committee on Commerce on Aug. 24, 1962, continued hearings on S. 3243, to exempt certain carriers from minimum rate regulation in the transportation of bulk commodities, agricultural and fishery products, and passengers, and for other purposes, Testimony was heard from various agencies and industry personnel. Hearings were re- cessed subject to call, The Senate Committee on Commerce resumed hear- ings Sept. 10-12, and again on Sept. 24-26, 1962, on S. 3243, FISHERY RESOURCES INTERNATIONAL CONFER- ENCE: S. Re S. Res. 392 (Magnuson et al) introduced in the Senate on Sept. 14, 1962, to express sense of the Sen- ate on International Conference on the Conservation of Fishery Resources; referred to the Committee on Com- merce, Upon introducing this legislation, Senator Mag- nuson stated that the "fisheries are an important eco- nomic and employment factor in 22 of our 50 states which front the oceans, and to a degree in the 8 others which border the Great Lakes which we share with Can- ada. Our fisheries are international, and the problems which confront our fisheries and those of other nations of the world are international.'' One of the problems is maintaining the species which man has found most de- sirable as food, and also the species for which impor- tant industrial uses have been found, For several spe- cies, the peril point already has been reached; for oth- ers it is approaching. With the great population in- creases expected over the years, the demands for pro- tein foods will be inevitable from whatever source they may be obtained and one of the principal sources is the sea and shore, The nations of the world must not only begin to think about conservation, but must do something about it; and that requires understanding, mutual agreements, and accommodations. The Senate on Sept, 20, 1962, received a favorable report (S. Rept, 2112) from the ‘Gommittee on Com- merce on 8, Res. . 392, The Senate on Sept. 20, 1962, considered and agreed to S. Res. 392: Resolved, That ‘it is the sense of the Senate that the President should propose an Interna- tional Confernece on the Conservation of Fishery Re- sources to consider the technical, economic, and sci- entific problems relating to the conservation, utiliza- tion, and regulation of living marine resources in the high seas and estuarine waters of the world, and that government, industrial, scientific, and technical par- ticipation in such Conference on as wide a basis as may be practicable should be encouraged." Since this is a Senate resolution no House action is required, Vol. 24, No. 10 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ACT OF 1962: The 2385) from the Committee of Conference on H.R, 12391, to improve and protect farm income, to reduce costs of farm programs to the Federal Government's ex- cessive stocks of agricultural commodities, to main- tain reasonable and stable prices of agricultural com- modities and products to consumers, to provide ade- quate supplies of agricultural commodities for domes- tic and foreign needs, to conserve natural resources, and for other purposes, | Included is an amendment which defines 'farmers' to include persons who are engaged or intend to engage in fish farming, and the term "farming" to include fish farming, The House on Sept. 20, 1962, adopted the confer- ence report (H. Rept. 2385) on H.R. 12391, The Senate on Sept. 25, 1962, adopted the confer- ence report (H. Rept. 2385) on H.R. 12391; thus clear - ing the bill for the President's signature. The President on Sept. 27, 1962, signed H.R. 12391 (P.L. 87-703). INDEPENDENT OFFICES APPROPRIATIONS: The House Committee on Appropriations July 27, 1962, re- ported out of Committee (H. Rept. 2050) appropria- tions for independent offices. On July 30, 1962, HR, 12711 was introduced in the House, making appropria- tions for sundry independent executive bureaus, boards, commissions, corporations, agencies, and offices for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1963, and for other pur- poses. Passed the House on Aug, 1, 1962. Received in the Senate on Aug. 2, 1962, referred to the Commit- tee on Appropriations, Reported to the Senate from the Committee on Appropriations (S, Rept. 1923) on Aug. 27, 1962. Passed the Senate, amended on Aug. 31, 1962. The Senate insisted on its amendments and asked for a conference with the House. The House on Sept. 13, 1962, agreed to a conference, The confer- ence report was filed Sept. 14, 1962 (H. Rept. 2376). H, Rept. 2376, Independent Offices Appropriation Bill, 1963 (Sept. 14, 1962, a report from the Commit- ‘tee of Confe:ence, House of Representatives, 87th Congress, 2nd Session, to accompany H.R. 12711), 20 pp., printed, The Committee of Conference came to agreement and presented their recommendations to the respective Houses. Included are funds for the Office of Science and Technology. The Committee appropriates $750,000 for salaries and expenses in- stead of $700,000 as proposed by the House and $850,000 as proposed by the Senate. The Congress has laid down programs concerning the National Aero- nautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, the Atomic Energy Commission, and other agencies, The conferees ask the Director of the Of- fice of Science and Technology that any changes in those scientific programs be submitted for the ap- proval and action of the Congress. The House on Sept. 18, 1962, concurred with the conference report (H. Rept. 2379) on a number of Senate amendments, but insisted on its disagreement on three Senate amendments. The Senate on Sept. 19, 1962, agreed to the conference report and insisted on its amendments and asked for a further conference. The House and the Senate, Sept. 25, 1962, received from the Committee of Conference the further confer- ence report (H. Rept, 2466) on the amendments still in dispute on H.R. 12711. October 1962 H. Rept. 2466, Independent Offices Appropriations Bill, 1963 (Sept. 25, 1962, a report from the Commit- tee of Conference, House of Representatives, 87th Congress, 2nd Session, to accompany H.R. 12711), 3 pp., printed. The Committee of Conference having reached an agreement on the amendments in dispute on the bill recommended passage to their respective Houses. Contains a statement on the Managers on the part of the House. The Senate and the House on Sept. 25, 1962, adopted the conference report (H. Rept. 2466) on H.R, 12711, making appropriations for sundry independent execu- tive bureaus, boards, commissions, corporations, agencies, and offices for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1963, and for other purposes. Included are funds for the Office of Science and Technology. The Con- gress has laid down programs concerning the Nation- al Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, the Atomic Energy Cammission, and other agencies. The conferees ask the Director of the Office of Science and Technology that any changes in those programs be submitted for the approval and action of the Congress. INCOME TAX REVISIONS IN FAVOR OF FISHER- MEN: The Senate on Sept. 10, 1962, passed H.R. 6413, to extend to fishermen the same treatment accorded _ farmers in relation to estimated income tax, with a- mendment after adopting committee amendment re- lating to time for filing declaration of and payment of estimated income tax, and rejecting committee amend- ment that would have added section respecting limita- tion on deductions for charitable contributions. Makes it possible for commercial fishermen to file their in- come tax estimates at the end of the tax year and pay the amount by the following January 15, rather than filing the estimates by April 15 of the same tax year and paying the estimates quarterly during the year. Alternatively, commercial fishermen would have the option of filing returns and paying the taxes on or be- fore February 15 following the close of the tax year. The House on Sept. 11, 1962, agreed to the Senate amendments to H.R. 6413, therefore clearing the bill for the signature of the P: President, The President of the United States, on Sept. 25, 1962, signed H.R. 6413 (P.L. 87-682), MAINE LOBSTERMAN STATUE: H. Res. 799 (Tup- per) introduced in the House on Sept. 12, 1962, making provisions for a statue to ''The Maine Lobsterman" in new Southwest Washington, D.C.; referred to the Committee on House Administration. The House on Sept. 14, 1962, gave unanimous con- sent that H. Res. 799be rereferred from the Committee on House Administration to the Committee on the Dis- trict of Columbia. Subcommittee No, 5 of the Commit- tee on the District of Columbia met Sept. 17, 1962, on the resolution, The House Committee on the District of Columbia met in executive session Sept, 19, 1962, andordered reported favorably H.J. Res. 799. The House on Sept. 20, 1962, received the report (H, Rept. 2446) from the Committee on the District of Columbia on H. Res. 799. Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. The House, Sept. 24, 1962, passed H.Res. 799. Res- olution asks the National Capital Planning Commission COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 75 of the District of Columbia to provide for a suitable site for the ''Maine Lobsterman Statue," which is to be supplied and erected by the State of Maine. No Senate action required on a House resolution, H.R, 8181, ‘authorizing construction of a National Fish- eries Center and Aquarium in the District of Columbia. Adopted were all committee amendments en bloc, thereafter considered as original text of bill; Miller amendment to provide that such fees shall be charged as will cover costs of construction and of operation of the Center; Miller amendment to limit use of educa- tional and scientific facilities of the Center to those whose nations make such facilities available to United States citizens and with whom the U. S, has diplomatic relations; and a Randolph amendment of a technical corrective nature. A motion by Sen. Morse to recom- mit the bill to the Committee on Public Works was re- jected. - The House on Sept. 24, 1962, received from the Senate H.R. 8181 (amended), Congressman McMillan requested the bill be taken from the Speaker's desk so that the House could concur in the Senate amend- ments. Congressman Gross objected, therefore, no action was taken on the bill. NETTING IMPORTS FOR RESEARCH: The Senate on Sept. 12,1962, insisted on its amendment (adding the text’of S. 1814, providing for free importation of monofilament gill nets for use in fish sampling) to H.R. 12180, to provide a temporary suspension of duty on “personal and household effects brought into the United States under Government orders, agreed to the conference asked by the House, and appointed confer- ees, The House on September 18, 1962, received the conference report (H.Rept. 2413) on H.R. 12180, The Conferees retained the amendment which adds the text of S, 1814, H. Rept. 2413, Household Effects - -Monofilament Gill Fish Nets--Accident and Health Insurance Con- tract Premiums (Sept. 18, 1962, a report of the Com- mittee of Conference, House of Representatives, 87th Congress, 2nd Session, to accompany H.R. 12180), 4 pp., printed. The Committee of Conference having reached agreement recommended to their respective Houses passage of the bill, Contains statement of the managers on the part of the House and the amend- ments. The House on Sept. 21, 1962, adopted the conference report (H.Rept. 2413) on H.R. 12180, OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PROGRAM: The Senate on August 29, 1962, received from the House S. 901 amended (passed in lieu of H.R. 12601), to ad- vance the marine sciences, to establish a comprehen- sive 10-year program of oceanographic research and surveys, to promote commerce and navigation, to se~ cure the national defense, to expand ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes resources, to authorize the construc- tion of research and survey ships and laboratory fa- cilities, to expedite oceanographic instrumentation, to assure systematic studies of effects of radioactive ma- terials in marine environments, to enchance the public health and general welfare, and for other purposes. The Senate disagreed to the amendments of the House and requested a conference, The following conferees were 76 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW appointed for the Senate: Senators Smathers, Engle, Bartlett, Butler, and Keating, The House on Sept. 14, 1962, insisted on its amend- ments to S. 901, and asked for a conference. The fol- lowing conferees were appointed: Dingell, Lennon, MacDonald, Casey, Pelly, Ellsworth, and Morse, The Committee of Conference, in executive session, Sept. 24, 1962, agreed to file a conference report on the differences between the Senate- and House-passed versions of S. 901, The House Sept. 27, 1962, received the report (H. Rept. 2493) from the Committee of Conference on 8. 901, It is to be cited as the "Oceanographic Act of 1962." PACIFIC MARINE FISHERIES COMPACT: The Sub- committee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation of the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fish- eries met Aug, 28, 1962, on H.R. 12205, to consent to the amendment of the Pacific Marine Fisheries Com - pact and to the participation of certain additional States in such compact in accordance with the terms of such amendment. Alaska, Hawaii, and Idaho will be eligi- ble for membership. The Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Con- servation of the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries met in executive session Sept. 18, 1962, and ordered reported favorably to the full committee S. 3431, The House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fish- eries met in executive session Sept. 20, 1962, and or- dered reported favorably S. 3431. The House on Sept. 21, 1962, received the report (H. Rept. 2454) on S. 3431: Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. POTOMAC RIVER COMPACT (MD, & VA.) oe 1958: The Senate, Sept. 25, 1962, received a report (S. Rept. 2156) from the Committee on the Judiciary without amendment on H, J. Res. 693, granting consent of the Congress to a compact entered into between the State of Maryland and the Commonwealth of Virginia for the creation of the Potomac River Compact of 1958, Gives Maryland and Virginia permission to set up a Potomac River Fisheries Commission. three members from each State the taking of fish and shellfish from the Potomac River between the District of Columbia line and Chesapeake Bay, Research, reg- ulation of fisheries, an oyster inspection fee and li- censing would be within the power of the new commis- sion, The compact succeeds an obsolete agreement of 1785, which has been disputed by the States, The Senate Sept. 27, 1962, passed H.J. Res. 693. PRICE-QUALITY STABILIZATION: Quality and Price Stabilization (Hearing before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, House of Representatives, 87th Congress, 2nd Session, on H.J, Res, 636, H.J. Res, 637, H.J. Res. 639, H.J. Res, 679, H H.R. 1 10335, H.R. 10340, H.R. 10517, H.R. 1127, H.R. 11346, anc and H.R. 11778, joint resolutions and bills | to amend the Federal Trade Commission Act to promote quality and price stabilization, to define and restrain certain unfair methods of distribution, and to confirm, define, and equalize the rights of pro- It would regulate through Vol. 24, No. 10 ducers and resellers in the distribution of goods iden- tified by distinguishing brands, names, or trademarks, and for other purposes, June 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 1962), 466 pp., printed, Contains reports of various Federal agencies; statements of various members of Congress and industry people, and statements and communica- tions received from members of industry. The House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce in executive session, Aug, 30, 1962, or- dered favorably reported H.J. Res. 636 (amended), to amend the Federal Trade Commission Act, to promote quality and price stabilization, to define and restrain certain unfair methods of distribution and to confirm, define, and equalize the rights of producers and re- sellers in the distribution of goods identified by dis- tinguishing brands, names, or trademarks, and for other purposes, The House on September 12, 1962, received the re- port (H. Rept. No. 2352) from the Committee on Inter- state and Foreign Commerce on H, J. Res. 636. H, Rept. 2352, Quality Stabilization Act (Sept. 12, 1962, Report of the Committee on Interstate and For- eign ‘Commerce, House of Representatives, 87th Con- gress, 2nd Session, to accompany H.J. Res. 636), 73 pp., printed. Committee reported joint resolution fa- vorably, with amendments, and recommended passage. Contains explanation of the joint resolution, background information, need for legislation, reports from execu- tive departments and agencies, changes in existing law, and economic consequences, SALMON DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM IN CALI- FORNIA: The Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wild- life Conservation of the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries met Sept. 11, 1962, on H.R, 11343 and identical bills, to direct the Secretary of the Inte- rior to initiate a salmon and steelhead development program in California, Would authorize an anadromous fish development in California. This is based on joint recommendations of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice and the California Department of Fish and Game, Existing facilities of the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife and the California Department of Fish and Game would be utilized to the fullest extent. The Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Con- servation of the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries on Sept. 12, 1962, concluded hearings on H.R, 11343 and related bills. On Sept. 18, 1962, the Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation of the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries met in executive ses- sion and ordered reported favorably to the full com- mittee, amended, H.R, 11343, SALMON IMPORT RESTRICTIONS: The Subcom- mittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation of the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries met Sept. 11, 1962, on H.R. 9547, to facilitate the ap- plication and operation of the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956, and for other purposes. Would prohibit the im- port of salmon products derived from fish caught by nationals of any country that permits fishing for salm- on by gill nets on the high seas at times and places where occur large quantities of immature salmon of North American origin. The Subcommittee on r'isheries and Wildlife Con- servation of the House Committee on Merchant Marine October 1962 and Fisheries on Sept. 12, 1962, concluded hearings on H.R. 9547, Testimony was heard from Department of the Interior witnesses. The Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Con- servation of the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries met in executive session on Sept. 18, 1962, and ordered reported favorably to the full com- mittee, amended, H.R. 9547. The House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fish- eries met in executive session, Sept. 27, 1962, and or- dered favorably reported as amended H.R. 9547. SPORT FISH RESEARCH: The Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation of the House Com- mittee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries met Aug, 28, 1962, on H.R. 7826, to authorize and direct the Secre- tary of the Interior to’conduct studies of the genetics of sport fishes and to carry out.selective breeding of such fishes to develop strains with inherentattributes valuable in programs of research, fish hatchery pro- duction, and management of recreational fishery re- sources, TECHNOLOGICAL LABORATORY LAND IN MARY- LAND: The Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs in executive session, Sept. 5, 1962, ordered favorably reported S, 3019 (amended), to provide for the conveyance of certain real property of the United States to the State of Maryland, Property affected is the site of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Tech- nological Laboratory at College Park, Maryland, The Senate on Sept. 7, 1962, received from the Com- mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs the report (S. Rept. No. 2020) on S. 3019 with amendments. Senate Report No, 2020, Providing for the Convey- ance of Certain Real Property of the United States to the State of Maryland (Sept. 7, 1962, Report from the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, United States Senate, 87th Congress, 2nd Session, to accompany S. 3019), 4 pp., printed. The Committee reported favor- ably:on the bill with amendments and recommended passage, Contains purpose, need, costs, and Depart- mental reports. The Senate on Sept. 12, 1962, passed with amend- ment S. 3019. TEXAS RESOURCES AND PROBLEMS: The Re- port *t_of the the U.S. Study Commission - Texas (H (H. Doc. 494, House of Representatives, 87th Congress, 2nd Session), printed. Part I, The Commission Plan, 209 pp., illus.; Part Il, Resources and Problems, 380 pp., illus.; Part III, The Eight Basins, 228 pp., illus.; and Part IV, Summary and Recommendations, 20 pp., il- lus. This report is the product of a cooperative river basin planning effort conducted under the study com- mission form of organization. It is a final report (in compliance with Public Law 85-843), in three volumes, on a basic, comprehensive, and integrated plan of de- velopment of the land and water resources of the Neches, Trinity, Brazos, Colorado, Guadalupe, San Antonio, Nueces, and San Jacinto River Basins in the State of Texas. In Part I, Chapter 8 (Analysis of Water Prob- lems) devotes a section to fish and wildlife, water pol- lution control and abatement, and the effect of water resource development on resources of marine bays. Part II, has a chapter on fish, wildlife, and recreation which covers fishery resources, fresh-water fish, and marine fish. Also included in Part II are short sec- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW UU tions on propagation of fish and other aquatic life, shellfish culture, and problems in estuaries. TRADE EXPANSION ACT OF 1962: H. Res. 795 (Boggs) introduced in the House on Sept. 6, 1962, to authorize the printing of a document entitled ''Free Trade, Tariff Legislation, and Common Markets for the Western Hemisphere" as a House document and to provide for the printing of additional copies; to the Committee on House Administration, Senate Finance Committee reported favorably on H.R. 11970, to promote the general welfare, foreign policy, and security of the United States through in- ternational trade agreements and through adjustment assistance to domestic industry, agriculture, and labor. Committee approved these additional amendments: Permit President to increase duties or impose other import restrictions; trade adjustment allowances to be paid from Federal funds; permit President to im- pose import duties or other restrictions on products of countries with restrictions against U.S. agricul- tural products; on escape clause, redrafted to provide that injury need only result "in major part'' of conces- sions granted and Tariff Commission also to consider inability of a firm to make a reasonable profit; Tariff Commission not required to make industrywide in- vestigation if firm files a petition of adjustment as- sistance; permit President to negotiate with Great Britain and ''Outer Seven'' as well as Common Market to reduce tariffs to zero; give President authority to enter into orderly marketing agreements with foreign countries limiting the export of certain articles to the U.S. Another amendment would give the President discretionary authority to withdraw United States con- cessions from any one country which discriminates against another with resulting injury to the United States. Effort to continue "peril point'' defeated; Tar- iff Commission would make studies of effect of pro- osed cuts, but would not have to designate a specific ‘peril point." The Senate on Sept. 17, 1962, received the report (S. Rept. 2059) from the Committee on Finance on H.R. 11970, S. Rept. 2059, Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (Sept, 14, 1962, Report from the Committee on Finance, U.S. Senate, 87th Congress, 2nd Session, to accompany H.R. 11970), 40 pp., printed. The Committee reported the — bill favorably with amendments and recommended pas - sage of the bill. Contains the purposes of the bill which are: (1) to extend the authority of the President to en- ter into foreign trade agreements for 5 years from July 1, 1962, through June 30, 1967; (2) to authorize the President to proclaim modifications in or the con- tinuance of existing duties or other import restric- tions or such additional import restrictions as he de- termines to be required or appropriate to carry out such trade agreements; and (3) to authorize adjust- ment assistance to industries, firms, and groups of workers who may be seriously injured or threatened with serious injury by increased imports resulting from concessions granted in trade agreements, It also contains committee amendments; principal fea- tures of the bill as reported; technical explanation of provisions amended; changes in existing law; and com- ments of Senator Carl T, Curtis. The Senate on Sept. 18, 1962, worked on H.R, 11970, There were the following actions on amendments: Adopted: Smathers amendment to language providing that payments of unernployment insurance to adversely- 78 affected workers shall be disregarded in certain in- stances where State agency is reimbursed therefor; Pell amendment to allow a special study by Tariff Commis- sion regarding wages paid in foreign supply countries; Bartlett amendment regarding conservation of fishery resources; Bush amendment providing that Tariff Com- mission shall consider level reasonable profit in tariff adjustments; and Kerr amendment respecting filing with Tariff Commission of petitions for tariff adjustments. The fishery amendment (Bartlett) states that at a con- ference on the conservation of international fishery re- sources the President shall seek to persuade countries whose domestic fishing practices or policies affect such resources, to engage in negotiations on the use or con- servation of such resources, Amendment would per- mit President to increase the tariff rate on fishery products to a rate not more than 50 percent above the rate in effect on July 1, 1934, from any country which fails to engage in negotiations in good faith concerning conservation of fishery resources. This amendment was substituted for the original Bartlett amendment (withdrawn) which provided for the use of import quotas or embargoes for fishery products under certain con- ditions. Rejected: By 38 yeas to 40 nays, Bush amendment to restrict the President's tariff-cutting powers by re- storing to the bill the peril point provisions of existing law (Mansfield motion to table Dirksen motion to re- consider the vote rejecting this amendment was adopted by 40 yeas to 39 nays); by 13 yeas to 65 nays (motion to re- consider tabled), Curtis amendment to authorize the establishment of a legislative branch committee which, upon disapproval of any raising, lowering, or imposi- tion of new tariff, may recommend congressional ac- tion for final decision thereon; by 23 yeas to 58 nays (motion to reconsider tabled), Curtis amendment to eliminate provision for financial assistance to firms and workers adversely affected by the legislation, Var- ious other amendments were rejected also, The Senate on Sept, 19, 1962, passed with amend- ments H.R. 11970. A technical corrective amendment by Senator Mansfield was adopted before the bill was passed, Senate insisted on its amendments, asked for a conference with the House, and appointed the follow - ing conferees: Byrd (Va.), Kerr, Long (La.), Smathers, Williams (Del.), Carlson, and Curtis. The House on Sept. 20, 1962, disagreed to Senate amendment to H.R, 11970. Agreed to a conference re- quested by the Senate, The following conferees were appointed: Mills, King (Calif.), Boggs, Keogh, Mason, Byrnes (Wisc.), and Baker, The Committee on Conference, in executive session, Sept. 26, 1962, agreed to file a conference report on the differences between the Senate- and House-passed versions of H.R, 11970, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 10 The House Committee on House Administration, Sept. 26, 1962, met in executive session and ordered reported favorably H. Res. 795, to authorize the printing of a document entitled "Free Trade, Tariff Legislation, and Common Markets for the Western Hemisphere." TRANSPORTATION ACT OF 1962: The Senate Com- mittee on Commerce on Aug. 24, 1962, continued hear- ings on S, 3242, to provide for the strengthening and improving the national transportation system, and for other purposes. The Senate Committee on Commerce resumed hear - ings Sept. 10-12, and again on Sept. 24-26, 1962, on S. 3242, TUNA CONVENTION ACT OF 1950, AMENDMENTS: The Subcommittee on Inter-American Affairs of the House Committee on Foreign Affairs met Aug. 28, 1962, on S. 2568, to amend the act of Sept. 7, 1950, to extend the regulatory authority of the Federal and State agen- cies concerned under the terms of the Convention for the establishment of an Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, signed at Washington, May 31, 1949, and for other purposes. The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission was originally conceived as an investi- gatory body. But with recent development of new fish- ing techniques and gear, namely purse seining with nylon nets and power blocks, the productivity of the U. S. tuna fleet has increased rapidly, particularly as regards yellowfin tuna, and certain conservation reg- ulations are needed, Would provide for the issuance and enforcement of Federal regulations to carry out recommendations of the Commission for the conser- vation of tuna (especially yellowfin) resources in the eastern Pacific. The House on Sept. 18, 1962, received the report from the Committee on Foreign Affairs (H. Rept. 2409) on §. 2568 (amended), Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. H. Rept. 2409, Conservation of Tropical Tuna (Sept. 18, 1962, report from the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, 87th Congress, 2nd Session, to accompany S. 2568), 24 pp., printed, The Committee reported the bill favorably with amend- ments and recommended passage. Contains the pur- pose and need for the bill; generally it will provide the necessary authority to the Secretary of the Interior to issue regulations for controlling the amount of tuna, tuna-like and tuna-bait fish caught in the area, to pro- vide for the imposition of embargoes on tuna caught in violation of the regulations, and to provide various penalties for acts in violation of the regulations; com- mittee action; detailed discussion of the bill; changes in existing law made by the bill; and appendix, October 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 79 FISHERY INDICATORS CHART |. FISHERY LANDINGS for SELECTED STATES In Millions of Pounds LEGEND: MAINE, MASSACHUSETTS, AND RHODE ISLAND CUMULATIVE DATA NEW JERSEY AND NEW YORK "CUMULATIVE DATA 6 MQS 1962 - 335.9 6 MgS. 1962 - 247.4 6 1961 - 277.7 6 1961 - 154.6 12 1961 - 741.3 12 "1961 - 518.3 NORTH CAROLINA, SOUTH CAROLINA, AND GEORGIA 140 CUMULATIVE DATA 1962 - 88.5 7 , (1961 - 91.6 12 1961 - 316.3 7 MQS. CUMULATIVE DATA B MgS. 1962 - 882.6 8 |, 1961 - 970.2 12 1961 - 1,147.3 MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR _APR_MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 0 JAN FEB FLORIDA CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA 7 MQS. 1962 - 10.6 Th 1961 - 13.2 12 1961 - 15.8 7 ¥gS. 1962 - 94.5 ab 1961 - 106.7 12 1961 - 187.7 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 0 UAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC CALIFORNIA 2/ OREGON CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA 7 Qs. mgs. 1962 289.0 as 1961 295.4 1961 - 599.0 1961 - 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 0 T/ONLY PARTIAL--!NCLUDING PRODUCTION OF MAJOR FISHERIES AND MARKET FISH JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC LANDINGS AT PRINCIPAL PORTS. 80 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 10 CHART 2 - LANDINGS for SELECTED FISHERIES In Millions of Pounds HADDOCK (Maine and Massachusetts) CUMULATIVE DATA OCEAN PERCH (Maine and Massachusetts) CUMULATIVE DATA 7 MQS. 1962 - 75.4 aie 1961 - 72.6 12 1961 - 123.3 62.5 7 mgs. 1962 - 7 , 1961 - 83.1|— 12 1961 - 132.2 1/ SHRIMP (Gulf States—' including Florida West Coast) WHITING (Maine and Massachusetts) CUMULATIVE DATA 8 MQs. ints 12 7 mgs. 1962 - 33.4 7 4 1961 - 40.4 12 1961 - 86.1 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC V/ta, & ALA. DATA BASED ON LANDINGS AT PRINCIPAL PORTS AND ARE NOT COM- tats In Thousands of Tons JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC MENHADEN PACIFIC AND JACK MACKEREL (East and Gulf Coasts) (California) CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA 8 mgs. 1962 - 807.2 B MS. 1962 - 32.0 8 i 1961 - 895.5 i N 8 1961 - 28.4 1961 - 1,141.5 12 1961 - 70.7 JAN rs MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC In Thousands of Tons PILCHARD (California) TUNA AND TUNALIKE FISH CUMULATIVE DATA 8B MQS. 1962 - 104.5 8 , 1961 - 114.2 12 1961 - 164.9 A CUMULATIVE DATA 1961/62 SEASON, AUG.-FEB. - 22.3 1960 SEASON, AUG.-DEC. ~- 27,1 LEGEND: —— = 1961/62 soecanes 11980) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC haw 2 ,AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY October 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 81 CHART 3 - COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS and FREEZINGS of FISHERY PRODUCTS * In Millions of Pounds LEGEND: U. S. HOLDINGS ——— 38 U. S. FREEZINGS SR CUMULATIVE DATA 8 mgs. 1962 8 iu 1961 12 1961 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 2 NEW ENGLAND HOLDINGS!/ MIDDLE & SOUTH ATLANTIC HOLDINGS! UAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 2/ALL EAST COAST STATES FROM N. Y. SOUTH, GULF & SOUTH CENTRAL HOLDINGS#/ JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC S/OHIO, IND., ILL., MICH., WIS., MINN., IOWA, MO., N. DAKs, NEBR. & KANS. 4/ALA., MISS., LAW, TEX., ARK., KY., & TENN, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND ALASKA HOLDINGS CALIFORNIA HOLDINGS JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC * Excludes salted, cured, and smoked products. 82 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 10 | CHART 4 - RECEIPTS and COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS of FISHERY PRODUCTS at PRINCIPAL DISTRIBUTION CENTERS In Millions of Pounds 1/ / RECEIPTS — AT WHOLESALE SALT-WATER MARKET COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS2 (Fresh and Frozen) CUMULATIVE DATA 8 MAS. 1962 - 117.6 8 , 1961 - 109.8 12 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT _NOV DEC 1/INCLUDE TRUCK AND RAIL IMPORTS FROM CANADA AND DIRECT VESSEL LANDINGS 2/AS REPORTED BY PLANTS IN METROPOLITAN AREA. AT NEW YORK CITY. RECEIPTS AT WHOLESALE MARKET (Fresh and Frozen) CHICAGO COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS 8 mgs. 1962 - 50,1 8 , 1961 - 51.4 12 1961 - 78.1 SEATTLE WHOLESALE MARKET RECEIPTS, LANDINGS, & IMPORTS (Fresh and Frozen) CUMULATIVE DATA 8 MQS. 1962 - 63.0 8 1961 - 61.5 12 1961 - 97.3 FISH MEAL (In Thousands of Tons) FISH OIL (In Millions of Gallons) CUMULATIVE DATA 7 mgs. 1962 17.8 een 1961 12 1961 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC October 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 83 CHART 6- CANNED PACKS of SELECTED FISHERY PRODUCTS In Thousands of Standard Cases TUNA AND TUNALIKE FISH - CALIFORNIA CUMULATIVE DATA B mgs. 1962 - 7,996.0 B | 1961 - 7,324.1] — 12 1961 - 10,764.3 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC ANCHOVIES - CALIFORNIA UMULATIVE DATA i] \ x 7 MQS. 1962 - S.1 UG 1961 - 20.7 12 1961 - 73.1 ! I | 1 U T | 1 I JAN FEB MAR _APR_ MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC SARDINES! (Estimated) - MAINE CUMULATIVE 2/ 700}11962 season DEC. -AUG. 1961 SEASON, JAN. -AUG. 1961 SEASON, TOTAL SARDINES - CALIFORNIA CUMULATIVE DATA 1961/62 SEASON, AUG. -JAN. 1960 SEASON, AUG. -DEC. - 419.1 - 615.9 0 AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY MACKEREL 2/- CALIFORNIA CUMULATIVE DATA 1961 - 445.2 7 mgs. 1962 - 518.0 7 12" 1961 - 1,378.4 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 3/ INCLUDES PACIFIC MACKEREL AND JACK MACKEREL. SALMON - ALASKA CUMULATIVE DATA 3 MQS. 1962 - 3,192.8 3, 1961 - 3,126.6 12 1961 - 33212.0 0) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC STANDARD CASES Variety No.Cans Designation Net Wet. SARDINES..... 100 $¢ drawn 32 oz. SHRIMP....... 48 co 5 oz. ST UINASrretefoieiere 48 #4 tuna 6&7 oz. PILCHARDS... 48 # 1 oval 15 oz. SALMON...... 48 1-Ib. tall 16 oz. ANCHOVIES... 48 4-lb. 8 oz. LEGEND: Naraves SHRIMP - GULF STATES -—-— elfen }280 CUMULATIVE DATA seeseeeee 1960/61 1962/63 SEASON, 1240 AUG. - 1961/62 SEASON, AUG . - -| 1961/62 SEASON, TOTAL 200 / 0 233 mele AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY 84 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 10 CHART .7 - U.S. FISHERY PRODUCTS IMPORTS In Millions of Pounds GROUNDFISH (including Ocean Perch) FILLETS LEGEND: FILLETS & STEAKS OTHER THAN GROUNDFISH Fresh and Frozen) 1062 (Fresh and Frozen) —_——- 1901 CUMULATIVE DATA 8 MQS. 1962 - 141.7 8 MAS. 1962 - 46.8) — 8 , 1961 - 133.5 8 , 1961 - 43.3 12 1961 - 195.1 12 1961 - 68.7 CUMULATIVE DATA JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC SHRIMP FROM MEXICO (Fresh and Frozen) CUMULATIVE DATA B MQS. 1962 - 44.9 8 |, 1961 - 40.8 12 1961 - 53.9 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC AEA IE IN Ae ie, ole BONY ele Tunat! SEA HERRING, FRESH, THROUGH MAINE PORTS (Fresh and Frozen) CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA 8 MQS. 1962 - 189.6 6 MQS. 1962 - 12.1 8 | 1961 - 133.5 6 , 1961 - 14.3 12 1961 - 197.1 12 1961 - 43.6 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 1/ EXCLUDES LOINS ANDO DISCS, U. S. IMPORTS OF CANNED TUNA AND TUNALIKE FISH CANNED SARDINES (in Oil and in Brine) in Oil_and not in Oil CUMULATIVE DATA 8 MQS. 1962 - 32.8 8 , 1961 - 25.0 12 1961 - 42. CUMULATIVE DATA —____| 8 mgs. 1962 - 45.0 Sits 1961 - 43.9 12 1961 - 69,0 4 MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC October 1962 FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE PUBLICATIONS THESE PROCESSED PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE FREE FROM THE OFFICE OF INFORMATION, U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, WASH- INGTON 25, D. C. TYPES OF PUBLICATIONS ARE DESIGNATED AS FOL- LOWS: CFS - CURRENT FISHERY STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES. FL - FISHERY LEAFLETS. MNL - REPRINTS OF REPORTS ON FOREIGN FISHERIES. SEP.- SEPARATES (REPRINTS) FROM COMMERCIAL FISHERIES RE- VIEW. SSR.- FISH. - SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORTS--FISHERIES (LIMITED DISTRIBUTION). Number Title CFS-2908 - Alabama Landings, April 1962, 3 pp. CFS-2927 - Maine Landings, April 1962, 4 pp. CFS-2929 - Wisconsin Landings, April 1962, 2 pp. CFS-2930 - Michigan Landings, March 1962, 3 pp. CFS-2931 - Alabama Landings, May 1962, 3 pp. CFS-2932 - North Carolina Landings, May 1962, 4 pp. CFS-2934 - New Jersey Landings, May 1962, 4 pp. CFS-2936 - Mississippi Landings, April 1962, 3 pp. CFS-2937 - Florida Landings, May 1962, 9 pp. CFS-2938 - Rhode Island Landings, April 1962, 3 pp. CFS-2939 - Wisconsin Landings, May 1962, 2 pp. CFS-2940 - Frozen Fish Report, June 1962, 8 pp. CFS-2942 - Georgia Landings, May 1962, 2 pp. CFS-2943 - Fish Meal and Oil, May 1962, 2 pp. CFS-2944 - Massachusetts Landings, February 1962, 5 pp. CFS-2945 - Michigan Landings, April 1962, 3 pp. CFS-2946 - Ohio Landings, May 1962, 2 pp. CFS-2947 - Maryland Landings, May 1962, 3 pp. CFS-2948 - Texas Landings, April 1962, 3 pp. CFS-2949 - New York Landings, May 1962, 4 pp. CFS-2950 - Virginia Landings, May 1962, 3 pp. CFS-2951 - Fish Sticks and Portions, April-June 1962, 2 pp. CFS-2952 - Maine Landings, May 1962, 4 pp. CFS-2953 - Shrimp Landings, February 1962, 6 pp. CFS-2956 - North Carolina Landings, June 1962, 3 pp. CFS-2958 - South Carolina Landings, June 1962, 2 pp. CFS-2968 - Florida Landings, June 1962, 8 pp. FL-23 (Revised May 1962) - Earthworms for Bait, 5 pp. FL-97 (Revised April 1957) - Fish Culture as a Live- lihood, 4 pp., 1959. FL-190 (Revised April 1962) - Turtle Trapping, 9 pp., illus. FL-359 (Revised June 1961) - Manufacturers of Equip- ment for the Fish Processing Industries, 12 pp. ¢ Ole eat CATA OBO SSS IPs 2? “lus Ppaa. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 85 FL-533 - Bibliography of Publications of the Branch of Technology, Author Index--1960, compiled by F, Bruce Sanford and Helen E, Plastino, 5 pp., Febru- ary 1962. Lists in alphabetical order by author's name, publications of the Branch of Technology, Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries, Fish and Wildlife Service, for 1960. Indicates where the publications appeared and if reprints are available. FL-535 - Jellyfishes and Related Animals, by Victor L. Loosanoff, 9 pp., illus., February 1962, Sep. No. 655 - The Blue Crab and its Fishery in Ches- apeake Bay--Part 2 - Types of Gear for Hard Crab Fishing. Sep. No. 656 - Equipment Note No, 13--Soviet Trawl- ers Observed in Gulf of Alaska. SSR-Fish. No. 390 - Seasonal Occurrence of Marine Fishes in Four Shores Habitats Near Beaufort, N. C., 1957-60, by Marlin E. Tagatz and Donnie L. Dudley, 20 pp., illus., August 1961. SSR-Fish. No. 400 - Tuna Oceanography in the East- ern Tropical Pacific, by Maurice Blackburn, 51 pp., illus., February 1962. SSR-Fish No. 403 - Attempts to Guide Small Fish with Underwater Sound, by Clifford J. Burner and Harvey L. Moore, 33 pp., illus., February 1962, Asummary of attempts to guide fish by means of subaqueous sonic vibrations. The tests were made during No- vember and December 1947 and March and April 1949 at the Biological Station at Leetown, W. Va. The tests were limited to four undersea warfare sound-producing instruments involving three prin- ciples of sound production: electromagnetism, Pie- zoelectricity, and the hydraulic turbine. SSR-Fish. No. 404 - An Oceanographic Study of the Gulf of Tehuantepec, by Maurice Blackburn, 31pp., illus., February 1962, SSR-Fish. No. 408 - Variability in Pink Salmon Es- capements Estimated from Surveys on Foot, by William L. Sheridan, 10 pp., illus., March 1962. SSR-Fish. No. 411 - Distribution of Fish Eggs and Larvae, Temperature, and Salinity in the Georges Bank-Gulf of Maine Area, 1955, by Robert R. Mar- ak, John B. Colton, Jr., and Donald B. Foster, 69 p., illus., March 1962, SSR-Fish No. 416 - Marking Sockeye Salmon Scales by Short Periods of Starvation, by Richard L, Ma- jor and Donovan R. Craddock, 14 pp., illus., April 1962, 86 SSR-Fish. No. 417 - Distribution and Seasonal Move- ments of Saginaw Bay Fishes, by IraA. Carr, 16pp., illus., April 1962. Effects of Pesticides on Fish and Wildlife, Circular 143, 57 pp., illus., printed, 1962. Outdoor Fish Cookery, Special Fisheries Marketing Bulletin, 24 pp., illus., printed, 1961. THE FOLLOWING MARKET NEWS LEAFLETS ARE AVAILABLE FROM THE Number Title MNL-56 - Norwegian Fisheries, 1961 MNL-58 - Republic of Korea's Fishing Industry, 1961. MNL-73 - Red Sea Fishery Off Massawa, Ethiopia. THE FOLLOWING PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE SPECIFIC OFFICE MENTIONED. (Baltimore) Monthly Summary--Fishery Products, June 1962, 8 pp. (Market News Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 103 S. Gay St., Baltimore 2, Md.) Receipts of fresh- and salt-water fish and shellfish at Baltimore by species and by states and by provinces; total receipts by species and com- parisons with previous periods; and wholesale prices for fresh fishery products on the Baltimore market; for the month indicated, California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, Part I - Fishery Products Production and Market Data, June 1962, 16 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Post Office Bldg., San Pedro, Calif.) California cannery receipts of tuna and tunalike fish and other species used for canning; pack of canned tuna, tunalike fish, mackerel, andan- chovies; market fish receipts at San Pedro, Santa Monica, and Eureka areas; California and Arizona imports; canned fish and frozen shrimp prices; ex- vessel prices for cannery fish; Oregon and Wash- ington receipts (domestic and imports) of freshand frozen tuna and tunalike fish; for the month indicated, California Fishery Products and Byproducts Brokers and Importers, 1962 (Partial List, as Revised July 1, 1563), SP List 1, 6 pp. (Market News Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Post Office Bldg., San Pedro, Calif.) Contains the names and addres- ses of primary receivers of various types of im- ported fishery products and byproducts in the Los Angeles, San Diego, San Francisco, and Oakland areas, (Chicago) Monthly Summary of Chicago's Wholesale Market Fresh and Frozen Fishery Products Re- ceipts, Prices, and Trends, June 1962, 13 pp. (Mar- ket News Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 565 W. Washington St., Chicago 6, Ill.) Receipts at Chicago by species and by states and provinces for fresh- and salt-water fish and shellfish; and weekly wholesale prices for fresh and frozen fishery prod- ucts; for the month indicated, English Translations of Pacific Salmon Literature tA Preliminary List), compiled by Paul T. Macy, 24 pp., processed. Literature Research Unit, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Biological Lab- oratory, 2725 Montlake Blvd., Seattle 2, Wash., March 20, 1961. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 10 Monthly Summary of Fishery Products Production in Selected Areas of Virginia, North Carolina, and Mary- land, July 1962, 4 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 18 S. King St., Hampton, Va.) Landings of food fish and shellfish and-produc- tion of crab meat and shucked oysters for the Vir- ginia areas of Hampton Roads, Chincoteague, Lower Northern Neck, and Lower Eastern Shore; the Mary- land areas of Crisfield, Cambridge, and Ocean City; and the North Carolina areas of Atlantic, Beaufort, and Morehead City; together with cumulative and com- parative data on fishery products and shrimp produc- tion; for the month indicated. New England Fisheries--Monthly Summary, June 1962 and July 1962, 21 pp. each. (Market News Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 10 Com- monwealth Pier, Boston 10, Mass.) Review of the principal New England fishery ports. Presents data on fishery landings by ports and species; industrial- fish landings and ex-vessel prices; imports; cold- storage stocks of fishery products in New England warehouses; fishery landings and ex-vessel prices for ports in Massachusetts (Boston, Gloucester, New Bedford, Provincetown, and Woods Hole), Maine (Portland and Rockland), Rhode Island (Point Judith), and Connecticut (Stonington); frozen fishery products prices to primary wholesalers at Boston, Gloucester, and New Bedford; and Boston Fish Pier and Atlantic Avenue fishery landings and ex-vessel prices by species; for the months indicated. New York City's Wholesale Fishery Trade--Monthly Summary--April 1962, 18 pp. (Market News Serv- ice, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 155 John St., New York 38, N. Y.) Includes summaries and analy- ses of receipts and prices on wholesale Fulton Fish Market, including both the salt- and fresh-water sec- tions; imports entered at New York customs dis- trict; primary wholesalers' selling prices for fresh, frozen, and selected canned fishery products; market- ing trends; and landings at Fulton Fish Market docks and Stonington, Conn.; for the month indicated, (Seattle) Washington and Alaska Receipts and Landings of Fishery Products for Selected Areas and Fisher - ies, Monthly Summary, July 1962, 9 pp. (MarketNews Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 706 Federal Office Bldg., 909 First Ave., Seattle 4, Wash.) In- cludes Seattle's landings by the halibut and salmon fleets reported through the exchanges; landings of halibut reported by the International Pacific Halibut Commission; landings of otter-trawl receipts re- ported by the Fishermen's Marketing Association of Washington; local landings by independent vessels; coastwise shipments from Alaska by scheduled and non-scheduled shipping lines and airways; imports from British Columbia via rail, motor truck, ship- ping lines, and ex-vessel landings; and imports from other countries through Washington customs dis- trict; for the month indicated. printed, May 25, 1962, (Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries, Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass.) A historical sketch of the Woods Hole Biological Labo- ratory, and the part Spencer Fullerton Baird, the first Commissioner of Fisheries, played in the es- tablishment of the first marine biological station in October 1962 the United States. It discusses the scientific and marine investigations undertaken in the formative years, and gives a general outline of the research projects carried out in the laboratory and the more important contributions during the years 1887-1951. In addition to its function as afishery research cen- ter for the North Atlantic area, in 1951 the Labora- tory became the center of United States research activities sponsored by the International Commis- sion for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries. THE FOLLOWING ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE AR- TICLES ARE AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERV- ICE, BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, AT THE INDICATED OFFICES: 101 TERMINAL ISLAND, CALIFORNIA. The Study on the Color of the Fishing Net, I--Observa- "tions on the Passage of Fishes Through a Colored Net, by Kenji Kanda and Atushi Koike, Translation Series No. 1, 6 pp., processed. (Translated from the Japanese Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 23,no.10, 1958, pp. 612-616, printed. P. ©. BOX 3830, HONOLULU, HAWAII. The Basic Types of Vertical Distribution of Copepods in the Central Pacific Ocean, by A. K. Heinrich, 6 pp., illus., processed. (Translated from the Rus- sian Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, vol. 132, no. 4, 1960, pp. 921-924.) The Horizontal Distribution of Copepods in the Cen- tral Pacific and the Factors Determining It, by A. K. Heinrich, 14 pp., illus., processed. (Translated from the Russian Trudy Instituta Okeanologii, vol. 41, 1960, pp. 31-41.) The Surface Plankton of the Central Pacific, by A. K. Heinrich, 8 pp., illus., processed. (Translated from the Russian Trudy Instituta Okeanologii, vol. 41, 1960, pp. 42-47.) FISHERY TECHNOLOGICAL LABORATORY 2725 MONTLAKE BLVD., SEATTLE 2, WASH. anese —— of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 24, no. 5, 1958, pp. 338-341.) Japanese Yushi Kagaku Kyokaishi, VOLS nO sO), LOS: pp. 317-322. THE FOLLOWING SERVICE PUBLICATIONS ARE FOR SALE AND ARE AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, U. S. GOV- ERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON 25, D. C. Determining Age of Young Haddock from Their Scales, by Albert C. Jensen and John P. Wise, Fishery Bul- letin 195 (from Fishery Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service, vol. 61), pp. 439-450, illus., print- ed, 15 cents, 1962. Development, Distribution, and Comparison of Rudder Fishes (KYPHOSUS SECTATRIX, Linnaeus, and K. INCISOR, Cuvier) in the Western North Atlantic, by Donald Moore, Fishery Bulletin 196 (from Fishery COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 87 Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service, vol. 61), pp. 451-480, illus., printed, 30 cents, 1962, Estimating Red Salmon Escapements by Sample Counts from Observation Towers, by Clarence Dale Becker, Fishery Bulletin 192 (from Fishery Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service, vol. 61), pp. 355-369, il- lus., printed, 20 cents, 1962. Growth of the Adult Male King Crab (PARALITHODES CAMTSCHATICA, Tilesius), by Douglas D. Weber and Takashi Miyahara, Fishery Bulletin 200 (from Fishery Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service, vol. 62), pp. 53-75, illus., printed, 25 cents, 1962. Influence of Early Maturing Females on Reproductive Potential of Columbia River Blueback Salmon (ON- CORHYNCHUS NERKA), by Richard L. Major and Donovan R. Craddock, Fishery Bulletin 194 (from Fishery Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service, vol. 61), pp. 429-437, illus., printed, 15 cents, 1962. Propagation and Distribution of Food Fishes for the Calender Years 1959 and 1960, Statistical Digest 52, 48 pp., printed, 1962, 20 cents. Raft Culture of Oysters in Massachusetts, by William N. Shaw, Fishery Bulletin 197 (from Fishery Bul- letin of the Fish and Wildlife Service, vol. 61), pp. 481-495, illus., printed, 20 cents, 1962. Discusses anexperimentto test the possibilityof growing oys- ters attached to rafts as a method of culture that might be useful in reviving the declining oyster in- dustry. Describes the area involved in the experi- ment as to temperature, salinity, oxygen content, and pH of the water and aquatic life in the river; construction of the raft; origin of oysters used; as- sembling the strings of oysters; anddetermining the shell growth and oyster mortality. Includes also an analysis of results of shell growth rate; effects of temperature, fouling, and spawning on growth; and mortality and practical aspects of raft culture, The experiment demonstrates that raft culture is com- mercially feasible in Massachusetts. Rearing Tilapia for Tuna Bait, by Thomas S. Hida, Joseph R. Harada, and Joseph E, King, Fishery Bul- letin 198 (from Fishery Bulletin of the Fish and Wild- life Service, vol. 62), pp. 1-20, illus., printed, 20 cents, 1962. Discusses the hatchery rearing of Ti- lapia mossambica in 1958 and 1959 at Paia, Maui, to determine if tilapia could be produced economically to supplement the supply of naturally-occurring bait fish. A description of the hatchery and its opera- tion and the results obtained are presented. Dis- cusses environmental conditions, chemical deter- minations, stocking the brooding tanks, feeding sched- ules, collecting the fry, and production and mortality of the young. Also discusses production of bait-size tilapia, 1958-1959; acclimatization of tilapia to sea water; utilization of tilapia as bait; and production costs. Studies on PARORCHIS ACANTHUS (Trematoda: Di- genea) as a Biological Control for the Southern Oy- ster Drill, THAIS HAEMASTOMA, by Nelson R, Cooley, Fishery Bulletin 201 (From Fishery Bul- letin of the Fish and Wildlife Service, vol. 62), pp. 77-91, illus., printed, 20 cents, 1962. 88 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS PUBLISHER MENTIONED. DATA ON PRICES, IF READILY AVAILABLE, ARE SHOWN. ADRIATIC FISH: Kvantitativno-Kvalitativna Analiza Ribljih Naselja Kanala Srednjeg Jadrana (Quantitative -Qualitative Analysis of the Fish Populations inthe Channels of the Adriatic), by S. Zupanovic, Acta Adriatica, vol. 9, no. 3, 1961, 151 pp., illus., printed in Serbo- Croatian with summary in French. Institut za O- ceanografiju i Ribartstvo, Split, FNR, Yugoslavia. Novi Podaci o Maksimalnim Duzinama Nekih Jad- ranskih Riba (New Data on Maximum Length of Certain Adriatic Fish), by Fabjan Grubisic, Bil- jeske-Notes, no. 14, 1959, 8 pp., printed in Serbo- Croatian with summary in French. Institut za O- ceanografiju i Ribarstvo, Split, FNR, Yugoslavia. Prilog Poznavanju Biologije Jadranskih Riba CHON- DRICHTHYES (Contribution to the Knowledge of the Biology of Adriatic Fish), by S. Zupanovic, Acta Adriatica, vol. 9, no. 4, 1961, 84 pp., illus., printed in Serbo-Croatian with summary in French. Insti- tut za Oceanografiju i Ribarstov, Split, FNR, Yugo- slavia, Sur La Presence de Genre RUVETTUS COCCO en Adriatique (On the Presence of the Species Ruvettus cocco in the Adriatic), by Dinko Morovic, Biljeske- Notes, no, 15, 1960, 8 pp., illus., printed in French with summary in Serbo-Croatian. Institut za O- ceanografiju i Ribarstvo, Split, FNR, Yugoslavia. AIRCRAFT IN FISHERIES: "Planes Provide Yeoman Service," by Bruce Wood- land and J. J. Quigley, article, Trade News, vol. 15, no. 1, July 1962, pp. 3-6, illus., printed. De- partment of Fisheries, Ottawa, Canada. ALGAE: Marine Algae From the Tropical Atlantic Ocean. V--Algae From the Lesser Antilles, by William Randolph Taylor, 21 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, vol. 36, part 2, pp. 43-62.) U.S. Na- tional Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washing- ton, D.C., 1962. "Some Fresh-Water Algae of New York," by George J. Schumacher, article, The Conservationist, vol. 16, no. 6, June-July 1962, pp. 22-25, 36, illus., printed. The Conservationist, Room 335, State Campus, Albany, N.Y. ANCHOVETA: Artificial Fertilization of the Eggs, and Rearing and Identification of the Larvae of the Anchoveta, CET- ENGRAULIS MYSTICETUS, by Edward F, Klima, Izadore Barrett, and John E. Kinnear, Inter-Amer- ican Tropical Tuna Commission Bulletin, vol. 6, no. 4, 1962, 26 pp., illus., printed in English and Span- ish, Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, La Jolla, Calif. Discusses results of a study to identify anchoveta, an important bait fish used to Vol. 24, No. 10 capture tunas in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean, from the time of hatching to about 25 mm. Describes the artificial fertilization of anchoveta eggs; and rearing of planktonic eggs and larvae, Also covers examination of field collections of anchovy larvae made shortly before, during and immediately after the anchoveta spawning season, to identify and sep- arate the anchoveta larvae from the larvae of other anchovies, using meristic, morphometric, and ana- tomical characteristics. ene of the Anchoveta (CETENGRAULIS MYSTI- Bulletin, vol. 6, no. 2, 1961, 14 pp., illus., printed in English and Spanish. Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, La Jolla, Calif. ANTIBIOTICS: "Effects of Tetracycline Antibiotics on the Products of Anserinase Action in Chill Stored Haddock (Gadus aeglefinus) Muscle," by B. Sanz Perez and N, R. Jones, article, Journal of Food Science, vol. 27, no. 1, January-February 1962, pp. 69-72, illus., printed. Institute of Food Technologists, 510-522 No. Hickory St., Champaign, Il. AQUATIC LIFE: "The Effects of Erosion, Silt, and other Inert Materials on Aquatic Life" (Transactions of the 2nd Seminar of Biological Problems of Water Pollution, 1959), by J. Wilson, Technical Report W60-3, pp. 269-271, printed. Robert A, Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Public Health Service, Cincinnati, Ohio. BARENTS SEA: The Results of Surveys on Young Cod and Haddock in the Barents Sea During the Period 1946-1959, by A. S. Baranenkova, 13 pp., processed. (Translated from the Russian Soviet Fisheries Investigations in North European Seas, 1960, pp. 267-275.) Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food, Fisheries Lab- oratory, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England, 1961. BONITO: Estudios Sobre la Reproduccion del ''Bonito'" SARDA CHILENSIS en Aguas Advacentes a la Costa Peruana, I--Desarrollo Sexual, Epoca y Caracteristicas del Desove (Studies on the Reproduction of “Bonito” _ Sarda chilensis in Waters Adjacent to the Peruvian Coast. I--Sexual Development and Characteristics of the Spawning Season), by Aurora Chirinos de Vil- doso, Serie de Divulgacion Cientifica No. 14, 77 pp., illus., processed in Spanish. Ministerio de Agri- cultura, Direccion de Pesqueria y Caza, Lima, Peru, 1960. BRAZIL: Informacos Sobre a Pesca Maritima no Nordeste Brasileiro--Estados do Maranhao a Bahia (Informa- tion on the Maritime Fish of North Brazil--States of Maranhao and Bahia), by Rui Simoes de Menezes, 20 pp., processed in Portuguese. Assessor de Pesca do Governo do Estado da Bahia, Caixa Postal, 1, 366, Bahia, Brazil, 1960. CALIFORNIA: California Fish and Game, vol. 48, no. 3, July 1962, pp. 151-211, illus., printed, single copy 75 cents. Department of Fish and Game, Printing Division, October 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 89 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. Documents Section, Sacramento 14, Calif. Includes, among others, the following articles: ''Catch Rec- ords from the Striped Bass Sportfishery in Cali- fornia," by Harold K. Chadwick; ''The 1960 Presea- son Albacore Survey in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean," by William L. Craig and Robert H. Cane- day; ''The Electrophoretic Characteristics of Alba- core, Bluefin Tuna, and Kelp Bass Eye Lens Pro- teins,'' by Albert 6, Smith; and "An Unusual Catch of a Large Number of Pacific Round Herring Off Long Beach, California,'' by John G, Carlisle, Jr. CANADA: eries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa, Canada, June 1962. (Available from Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. ) Includes, among others, the following articles: Packaging Air Shipments of Fresh Fish," by F. G, Claggett; "A New Method for Unloading Fish," by S. W. Roach and J. S. M. Harrison; ''Abalones in British Colum - bia," by D. B. Quayle; "Pollution in Coastal Waters of British Columbia,'' by Michael Waldichuk; and "Frozen Albacore Tuna--The Influence of Storage Conditions Prior to Freezing,'' by N. Tomlinson, Shirley E. Geiger, and Eve Roberts. CANNING: "La Industria Conservera Portuguesa" (Portuguese Fish Canning Industry), article, Industria Conserv- era, vol. 28, no. 275, May 1962, pp. 111-112, print- ed in Spanish. Union de Fabricantes de Conservas de Galicia, 41 Marques de Valladares, Vigo, Spain. COMMUNIST CHINA: Marine Biology in China During the Past Decade, by Tseng Ch'eng-K'wei, OTS No. 60-11, 776, 13 pp., processed, 50 cents, June 26, 1960. Technical Services, U. S. Department of Commerce, Wash- ington 25, D. C. CRAYFISH: "The Female Reproductive Cycle of the Crayfish Cambarellus shufeldti: The Influence of Environ- mental Factors, by Mildred Eileen Lowe, article, Tulane Studies in Zoology, vol. 8, no. 6, July 14, T961, pp. 157-176, illus., printed. Tulane Univer - sity, New Orleans, La. DEFROSTING: "Tining av Frosne Fiskevarer' (Defrosting of Frozen Fishery Products), by Olaf Karsti, Jakob Stromme, and Torbjorn Krog, article, Fiskets Gang, vol. 48, no, 24, 1962, pp. 328-329, printed in Norwegian, Fiskets Gang, Fiskeridirektoratet, Radstuplass 10, Bergen, Norway. DEMERSAL FISH: "Neuere Modellvorstellungen uber die Dynamik der Grundfischbestande" (On Concepts of Models for the Dynamics in Demersal Fish Stocks), by Gotthilf Hempel and Dietrich Sahrhage, article, Berichte der Deutschen Wissenschaftlichen Kommission fur Meeresforschung, vol. 16, no, 2, 1961, pp. 51-89, printed. Deutsche Kommission fur Meeresfors- schung, 199 Elbchaussee, Gross Flottbek, Hamburg, Germany. DENMARK: Journal du Conseil, vol. 27, no. 2, May 1962, pp., 119- 216, illus., printed, single copy Kr. 16 (about US$2. 31) Conseil Permanent International pour 1'Exploration de la Mer, Charlottenlund Slot, Denmark. (Available from Messrs. Andr. Fred. Host & Son, Bredgade, Copenhagen, Denmark.) Includes, among others, these articles: ''The Use of Electronic Sector - Scanning Sonar for Following the Movements of Fish Shoals: Sea Trials on R.R.S. Discovery II," by F. R. Harden Jones and B. S. McCartney; The Influence of Wind and Tide on the Catch by Drift Nets in the East Anglian Herring Fishery 1952-1956, "by G. C. Bolster; ''On the Correlation Between the Arrival and Spawning | of the Norwegian Winter Herring," by Olav Aasen; ''Reactions of Larval and Young Salm - onids to Water of Low Oxygen Concentration," by H. M. Bishai; and "Reactions of Larval and Young Salmonids to Different Hydrogen Ion Concentra- tions,’ "by H. M. Bishai. DEPRECIATION RULES: Depreciation Guidelines and Rules, Publications No. 456 (7-62), 59 pp., printed, 25 cents. U.S. Treas- ury Department, Internal Revenue Service, Wash- ington, D. C., July 1962. (Available from the Su- perintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Print- ing Office, Washington 25, D. C.) The new Procedure, Revenue Procedure 62-21, provides basic reforms in the guideline lives for depreciation and in the ad- ministration of depreciation for tax purposes. It sets forth simpler standards and more objective rules which will facilitate adoption of rapid equip- ment replacement practices in keeping with current and prospective economic conditions. The new Pro- cedure consists of 3 parts, Part I contains the new guidelines for depreciation which set forth the guide- line classes and lives. Parts Il and III, intended basically for use by accountants and lawyers, include the administrative procedures, and illustrative Re- serve Ratio and Adjustment of Class-Life Tables and detailed instructions for their use. Also includes a group of questions and answers concerning some specific inquiries which may arise, ELECTRIC FISH SCREENS: "Keep Out Fish Electrically," by R. E. Dodson, article, American City, vol. 76, no. 2, pp. 95-96, printed. American City Magazine Corp., 470 Fourth Ave., New York 16, N. Y. EUROPEAN COMMON MARKET: Agricultural Commodities and the European Common Market (13 FAO Commodity Policy Studies), CCP 62/8, 69 pp., printed, $1.00. Food and Agriculture Organi- zation of the United Nations, Commodities Division, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, 1962. The purpose of this study is to provide information and some preliminary analysis with respect to the role of major agricultural commodities under the provisions of the Treaty of Rome of 1957 which created the European Common Market, and prepos- als under consideration for putting these provisions into effect. Includes an assessment of the possible effects of the establishment of the European Com- mon Market on the agricultural trade of the rest of the world, Also discusses the possible consequences of the entry of the United’ Kingdom and the associa- 90 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 10 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. tion of Commonwealth countries, Although fishery products and fisheries are not specifically covered, some of the general concepts may also be appli- ciable to fisheries, FEEDING FISH: "A Device for Feeding Brine Shrimp to Fishes,'' by John G,. VanDerwalker and Edward Chin, article, vol. 91, no. 2, 1962, pp. 230-231, illus., printed, Secretary, American Fisheries Society, P, O. Box 483, McLean, Va. Method of Estimating the Food Utilized by Growing ~ Fish, by V. Ivlev, Translation Series No. 374, 10 pp., processed. (Translated from the German Zeitschrift fur Fischerei und Deren Hilfswissen- schaften, vol. 9, N.E. no. 3/4, 1960, pp. 281-289.) Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C., Canada, 1961, FISH BEHAVIOR: An Analysis of the Mechanism of Distribution of Fish "ina Temperature Gradient, by V. Ivlev, Transla- tion Series No. 364, 8 pp., illus., processed. (Trans - lated from the Russian Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, vol. 39, no. 4, 1960, pp. 494-499.) Fisheries Re- search Board of Canada, Biological Station, Na- naimo, B.C., Canada, 1961. "Conditioning in Fish: Effects of X-Irradiation,'' by Barron B, Scarborough and Robert G, Addison, ar- ticle, Science, vol. 136, no. 3517, May 25, 1962, pp. 712-713, illus., printed. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1515 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washington 5, D, C. FISH BLOCKS: "Moisture in Fish Blocks Processed from Very Fresh Fish," by W. J. Dyer and D, I. Fraser, article, Ca- nadian Fisherman, vol, 48, August 1961, pp. 17= -19, printed, National Business Publications, Ltd., Gar- denvale, Quebec, Canada. FISHING REEFS: Artificial Fishing Reefs (Report on the Meeting Re- garding Artificial Reefs, Annapolis, Md., April 28, 1960), by George M. Staples III, 20 pp., proc- essed, Consulting Engineer, Box 66, Crisfield, Md. FISH MEAL: Comision Tecnica Plantas de Harina de Pescado (Technical Commission for Fish Meal Plants), Di- vulgacion Tecnica, 33 pp., illus., processed in Spanish, Ministerio de Fomento y Obras Publi- cas, Direccion de Industrias y Electricidad, Lima, Peru, 1961. FISH ODORS: "Speculations on Fishy Odors and Flavors," by M.E. Stansby, article, Food Technology, vol. 16, no, 4, 1962, pp. 28-32, printed. Garrard Press, 510 North Hickory, Champaign, Il. FISH PASSAGE: A Study of the Upstream Passage of Anadromous Fish at Willamette Falls, with Recommendations for Improvements in Fish-Passage Facilities, by Harlan B. Holmes and Milo C, Bell, 233 pp., illus., processed, Oregon Fish Commission, 307 State Office Bldg., Portland, Oreg., 1960. FISH POISONS: “Effect of Fish Poisons on Water Supplies," by J. M. Cohen, G. A. Rourke, and R, L. Woodward, article, Journal of the American Water Works Association, no, 53, 1961, pp. 49-62, printed. American Water Works Association, 521 Fifth Ave., New York 17, Nee FISH POPULATIONS: Mathematica Model of the Fish Population Consider - ing the Change of the Availability, by Ichiro Yaman- aka, Bulletin of the Japan Sea Regional Fisheries Research Lal Laboratory No. 8, 97 pp., illus., printed in Japanese with English abstract. Japan Sea Re- gional Fisheries Research Laboratory, Niigata, Japan, March 1961. "O Formakh Prisposoblenii k Samoregulyatsii Chislen- nosti Populyatsii u Ryb."' (Types of Adaptation to Self-Regulation of Population Size in Fish), by G. V. Nikol'skii, Biological Abstracts, vol. 36, no. 23, 1961, abst. no. 79139, printed. University of Penn- sylvania, 3815 Walnut St., Philadelphia 4, Pa. FISH STORAGE: "Post-Rigor Changes in Nitrogen Distribution and Texture of Fish During Storage in Crushed Ice,' by M. N. Moorjani and others, article, Food Tech- nology, vol. 16, no, 2, February 1962, pp. 80-84, printed, The Garrard Press, 510 No. Hickory St., Champaign, Ill. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION: Multilingual Vocabulary and Notation for Fishery Dynamics, by S. J. Holt, 42 pp., printed. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, 1959. Proceedings of the World Scientific Meeting on the Biology of Sardines and Related Species (Meeting held in Rome 14-21, September 1959), edited by H. Rosa, Jr. and Garth Murphy, vols. I, I, and III, 1,403 pp., illus., processed in English with.sum- maries in French and Spanish. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, 1960, The objectives of the meeting were to appraise the status of knowledge on certain major aspects of the biology of sardines and related species, to examine and appraise the methods in research being used in the study of these aspects, and to indicate the lines along which national and international action might be developed, witha view to obtaining improvement in the methods and development of the research programs. The dis- cussions exposed many problems, especially with regard to terminology, the study of the vulnerability and accessibility of stocks, and the identification of population units and measurements, The three vol- umes present the texts of contributed documents and the results of these discussions. World Fisheries Abstracts, List of Periodicals Searched as at 31 December 1959, Supplement to vol, 12, no. Tal of the ‘United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Cara- calla, Rome, Italy, 1962. October 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 91 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. a chapter on marine products); biological significance FOODS: of autoxidized lipids (includes a chapter on nutrition- Practical Food Microbiology and Technology, by Harry H. Weiser, 355pp., illus., printed, $11linU. S. and $12 foreign. The AVI Publishing Co., Inc., Westport, Conn., 1962. Toemphasizea few basic concepts that are related to some of the biochemical changes induced by microorganisms from a practical viewpoint in processing certain foods is the purpose of this book. The preface points out that ''obviously the composi- tion of foods will influence the kind and nature of biochemical changes caused by microorganisms in food.'' Food spoilage is discussed with emphasis on appropriate control measures. Food additives, including antibiotics, are stressed because they are legally used in some cases while in other instances they may be detrimental. The role of radiation in food technology is explained and discussed. Food poisoning is emphasized because it is on the in- crease in spite of the sanitary measures taken at the present time. A discussion on sources and treatment of water supplies is stressed. But no attempt is made to list microbial standards for raw and processed foods because that information is available from various sources, The chapters on food and man, composition of foods, and enzymes should be of interest to any food processor or han- dler, Fish and fishery products are mentioned in several places. The chapter on microbiology of meats discusses briefly the preservation of fish (including icing, salting, smoking, freezing, and canning); microbiology of fish, shellfish meats, and shellfish meat products; microbiology of oysters and shellfish; inspection of oysters for harmful or- ganisms; propagation of oysters; public aspects of oyster production; purification of oysters; survival of enteric organisms in shellfish; the biology of oys- ters; public health significance of paralytic shell- fish poison, Since more and more of the fishery products are being packed in advanced forms of processing, this book should be of interest to proc- essors, buyers, sellers, and users of fishery prod- ucts. --Joseph Pileggi Symposium on Foods: Lipids and Their Oxidation, Editor, H. W. Schultz, Assistant Editors--E. A, Day and R. O. Sinnhuber, 452 pp., illus., printed, $3 in U. S., $3.50 foreign (includes packing). The AVI Publishing Co., Inc., Westport, Conn., 1962. The present knowledge of oxidative deterioration of lipids, particularly as related to foods, is re- viewed and appraised in this book. It contains the 21 papers presented by international authorities at the second biennial Symposium on Foods arranged by the Department of Food and Dairy Technology, Oregon State University, in September 1961, Dis- cussions which followed each of the papers arealso included to provide additional information. To focus the attention of scientists on the acceptability and toxicological implications of oxidation of lipids in natural and prepared foods was the purpose of the meeting. The book is made up of 22 chapters di- vided into five sections, The first chapter and sec- tion introduces the subject of oxidative deteriora- tion of food lipids. The other sections cover mech- anisms and products of lipid oxidation; factors af- fecting lipid oxidation (includes a chapter on high- energy irradiation); autoxidation in foods (includes al effects and thermally polymerized fish oils). The chapter on marine products points out that ''fish products are more rapidly oxidized and the reac- tions are more complicated than those of other foods, mainly because the kinds of fatty acids present are more highly unsaturated and more numerous.'' The chapter discusses fresh fish, cooked fish, frozen fish, freeze-dried fish, fish meal, fish oils, and the use of antioxidants in fish products. Of course, the book is an excellent reference work for use by all persons interested in lipids of foods generally, but anyone interested in fishery products and byproducts also will find it useful. The National Institutes of Health provided financial assistance not only for con- ducting the symposium, which is the basis of the book;. but also for making it possible to sell the book at below the usual price. --Joseph Pileggi FOOD SANITATION: General Principles of Food Sanitation, FDA Publica- tion No, 16, 22 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Microscopic-Analytical Methods of Food and Drug Control, Food and Drug Technical Bulletin No. 1, pp. 7-27.) Food and Drug Administration, U. S. De- partment of Health, Education, and Welfare, Wash- ington 25, D, C. The first two chapters of Technic- al Bulletin No, 1 attempt to show the place of san- itation in good commercial production and to out- line the general principles of factory and product control. The reprint can assist administrative and sanitation personnel in understanding basic con- cepts of sanitation. FREEZING: "Freezing on Board Fishing-Boats,'' by G. Giannesi, article, La Peche Maritime, vol. 40, no. 999, June 1961, pp. 382-392, illus., printed in French. La Peche Maritime, 190 Blvd. Haussmann, Paris, France. GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC: Versuche zur Fangausweitung durch Anderung der Fangtechnik, 1958/59 (Experiments on Increasing the Catch by Variation of the Catch Technique, 1958/59), by A. v.Brandt and others, 64 pp., illus., processed in German. (Reprinted from Protokolle zur Fischereitechnik, vol. 6, no. 25, September 1959.) Institut fur Netz und Materialforschung, Bundesforschungsanstalt fur Fischerei, Hamburg, Germany. Versuche zur Fangausweitung durch Andefung der Fangtechnik, 1959/60 (Experiments on Increasing the Catch by Variation of the Catch Technique, 1959/60), 140 pp., illus., processed in German, (Re- printed from Protokolle zur Fischereitechnik, vol. 6, no, 27/28, April 1960, pp. 156-295.) Institut fur Netz und Materialforschung, Bundesforschungsan- stalt fur Fischerei, Hamburg, Germany. GIBRALTER: Erlauterungen zur Bathymetrischen Karte der Strasse von Gibralter (Explanations on the Bathymetric Map of the Strait of Gibralter), by Gunter Giermann, Bul- letin de 1'Institut Oceanographique Nos. 1218A and 92 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 10 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. 1218B, 31 pp., and 5 charts, printed in German with French and English summaries. Musee Oceano- graphique, Monaco-Ville, Monaco, October 30, 1961, GRAYLINGS: Sistematika i Ekologija Lipljena Jugoslavije (The Systematics and Ecology of Graylings, Thymallus thymallus L,, in Yugoslavia), by Draga Jankovic, 148 pp., illus., printed in Serbo-Croatian with English summary, Biological Institute, Belgrade, Yugoslavia, 1960, GREAT LAKES: "Our Stake in the Great Lakes Fisheries,'' by John R. Greeley, article, The Conservationist, vol. 16, no. 3, December-January 1961-62, pp. 14-15, illus., print- ed, single copy 50 cents. The Conservationist, Room 335, State Campus, Albany, N. Y. HAKE: "Analysis Bromatologico Comparativo en Merluza (MERLUCCIUS GAY1I) Entera y Eviscerada (Compar- ative Analysis of Composition of Hake, Merluccius gayi, Whole and Eviscerated), by Omar Rojas J. and Berta Lorca P., Divulgacion Pesquera Cartilla No. 4, 22 pp., illus. | processed, Departamento de Pesca y Caza, Ministerio de Agricultura, Direccion de Ag- ricultura y Pesca, Santiago, Chile, June 1962. HALIBUT: "Movement of Tagged Halibut Off New England--II," by Albert C. Jensen and John iP. Wise, article, tary, American Fisheries ees IO Box 483, McLean, Va. HERRING: ~ern North Sea. L = A. = ‘Burd; and Recruitment to to the North Sea. Herring Stocks. Il, by D. H. Cush- ing, Fishery Investigations Series II, vol. 23, no. 5, 1962, 73 pp., illus., printed, $4.50. Ministry of Ag- riculture, Fisheries and Food, London, England, (For sale by British Information Services, 45 Rocke- feller Plaza, New York 20, N. Y.) The purpose of Part I is to show that the general pattern of the bi- ology of the southern North Sea herring is depend- ent on their growth rate, and also that southern North Sea herring recruit to the adult stock ata given length, the Critical Length, irrespective of age. It discusses the distribution and the growth rates of the Downs and Bank herring stocks; the adult broods and recruit age groups of the East Anglican distributions; relationship between Cala- nus~--preferred food of the herring--and herring growth; and recruitment to East Anglia. Part II discusses two patterns of recruitment--the prewar pattern and the post-1952 pattern; the effect of a- vailable food on recruitment; and related informa- tion, Extensive statistical data are also included. Herring (Selected Articles from Soviet Periodicals), 158 pp., illus., printed, $1.50. The Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 1961, (For sale by the Office of Technical Services, U. S. De- partment of Commerce, Washington 25, D, C.) Con- tains translations of articles on herring, as follows: "Some Factors Determining | the Abundance of Clupe- idae,"' by A. N. Svetovidov; ''Herring of the Barents Sea,''by Z. A. Borodatova; ''The Catches of Small Kan- dalaksha Herring in Spring 1929," by I. M. Germasi- mov; ''The Herring with Low Vertebral Count (Clupea harengus pallasi Val.) of the Barents and Kara Seas, by V. K. Esipov; "The Reproduction and Life-Cycle of the Murman Herring (Clupea harengus harengus L.),"’ by T. S. Rass; Mor phophysiological Characters of the Kara Sea Herring,'' by M. E. Makushok; ''The Abun- dance of South Sakhalin Herring," by A.N. Proba- tov; ''Biology of Foraging Herring Inhabiting the Wa- ters of Southwestern Kamchatka and the Northern Kuril Islands," by I, A. Piskunov; ''Distribution and Abundance of Spawning Herring Near the Eastern Coasts of the Sea of Japan," by A. N. Probatov. ICES Herring Tagging Experiments in 1957 and 1958, ~ by Olav Aasen and others, Rapports et Proces-Ver- baux des Reunions, vol. 152, September 1961, 50 pp., illus., printed, Kr.15 (about. US$2.20). Conseil Per- manent International pour 1'Exploration de la Mer, Charlottenlund Slot, Denmark, INDIA: Fisheries of Maharashtra, 25 pp., illus., printed. De- partment of Fisheries, Government of Maharashtra, Sachivalaya, Bombay-32, India, April 1961. INDUSTRIAL WASTE: "Damage to Fish by Industrial Waste Waters," by W. Schmassmann, article, Beseitigung und Reinigung, pp. 60-71, printed in German. Beseitigung und Rein- igung industrieller Abwasser, R, Oldenbourg, Munich, Germany. INSECTICIDES: "Aerial Forest Spraying in Canada in Relation to Ef- fects on Aquatic Life" (Transactions of the 2nd Sem- inar of Biological Problems of Water Pollution, 1959), by F. E. Webb, Technical Report W60-3, pp. 66-70, printed, Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Public Health Service, Cincinnati, Ohio. "Bio-Assays to Determine the Toxicity of Pesticides to Aquatic Invertebrates," by A. R. Gaufin, article, Proceedings of the 15th Industrial Waste Conference, No, 106, pp. 94-98, printed. Engineering Extension Service, Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind. "Effects of Forest Insect Spraying on Trout and Aquatic Insects in some Montana Streams" (Transactions of the 2nd Seminar of Biological Problems of Water Pol- lution, 1951), by R. J. Graham, Technical Report W60-3, pp. 62-65, printed. Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Public Health Service, Cincin- nati, Ohio. "Effects on Young Salmon of Forest Spraying with DDT" (Transactions of the 2nd Seminar of Biological Problems of Water Pollution, 1959), by C. J. Kers- will and others, Technical Report W60-3, p. 71, print- ed. Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Pub- lic Health Service, Cincinnati, Ohio. "Herbicides" (Transactions of the 2nd Seminar of Bi- ological Problems of Water Pollution, 1959), by C. R. Walker, Technical Report W60-3, p. 272, printed. Robert A, Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Public Health Service, Cincinnati, Ohio, October 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 93 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. "The Retention of DDT by Trout and Whitefish" (Transactions of the 2nd Seminar of Biological Prob- lems of Water Pollution, 1959), by O. B. Cope, Tech- nical Report W60-3, pp. 72-75, printed. Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Public Health Service, Cincinnati, Ohio. "The Toxicity of Organic Phosphorus and Chlori- nated Hydrocarbon Insecticides to Fish" (Transac- tions of the 2nd Seminar of Biological Problems of Water Pollution, 1959), by C. Henderson, Q. H. Pickering, and C, M. Tarzwell, Technical Report W60-3, pp. 76-88, printed. Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Public Health Service, Cincin- nati, Ohio. "Toxicity of Various Herbicidal Materials to Fishes" (Transactions of the 2nd Seminar of Biological Problems of Water Pollution, 1959), by C. E. Bond, R. H. Lewis, and J. L. Fryer, Technical Report W60-3, pp. 96-101, printed. Robert A, Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Public Health Service, Cincin- nati, Ohio. "Toxicological Investigations on Insecticides in Wa- ter,'' by G, Bringmann and R. Kuhn, article, Ges- undheits-Ingenieur, no, 81, pp. 243-244, printed in German. R. Oldenbourg, G.m.b.H., Munich 1, Ger- many. IRELAND: TIascaigh Mhara, 67 Lower Mount St., Dublin 2, Ire- land. Iascaigh Mhara, 67 Lower Mount St., Dublin 2, Ire- land, Discusses boats and gear, grants and reduced interest rates for new fishing craft, operation of vessels by the Board, offshore vessels, marketing, shellfish, mussel transplantation, fish processing stations, ice making plants, fishing industry de- velopment fund, exploratory fishing vessel, fish meal plant, promotional activities, and training programs. Includes balance sheets for the various accounts administered by the Board, acteristic Ultraviolet Absorbing Material in Rhodo- phyceae,"’ by Isami Tsujino and Tsuneyuki Saito; and "Studies on the Compounds Specific for Each Group of Marine Algae, Il--Extraction and Isolation of Characteristic Ultraviolet Absorbing Material in Rhodophyceae,'' by Isami Tsujino. Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido Uni- versity, vol, 12, no. 2, August 1961, pp. 93-159, il- lus., printed in Japanese with summaries in English, Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan. Contains, among others, the following papers: "Exploratory Fishing of Salmon with Gill Nets of Var- ious Mesh Sizes and witha Trammell Net in Aleutian Waters 1957," by Takeji Fujii and others; ''Biochem- ical Studies on Muscle of Sea Animals. I--OnAdenylic Acid in the Boiled Liquor with the Muscle of Scallop, Pecten yessoensis," by Atsushi Iida, Isao Araki, and Kiichi Murata; "Larvae and Young of the Sand-Launce (Ammodytes hexapterus Pallas) from the North Pacific, by Kiuy Kobayashi; and "Studies on Soluble Alginates. IlI--On the Metachromasy of the Soluble Alginates Lithium Alginate, Sodium Alginate, Potassium Al- ginate,'' by Miki Oguro. Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido Uni- versity, vol, 12, no. 3, November 1961, pp. 161-245, illus., printed in Japanese with summaries in Eng- lish. Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan. Contains, among others, the fol- lowing papers: ‘Fatty Oil from Shellfish,'' by Hi- sanao Igarashi, Koichi Zama, and Kozo Takama; "Biochemical Studies on the Muscle of Sea Animals. II--On Color-Evaluation of Hotate-kaibashira made of Adductor Muscle of Scallop (Pecten yessoensis)," by Atsushi lida and others; ''Notes on the Blood of Masu Salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) during Up- Stream Migration for Spawning, with Special Ref- erence to the Osmoconcentration,''by Tatsuro Kubo; "Enzymatic Studies on the Muscle of Aquatic Animals. 3--The Effect of Various Inhibitors on Aerobic Gly- colvsis of Fish (Cyprinidae) and Squid (Ommastrep- hes sloani pacificus Muscle," by Takeshi Shibata; and "Chemical Studies on the Meat of Abalone (Hal- iotis discus Hannai Ino)--I,"' by Eiichi Tanikawa and Jiro Yamashita. Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido Uni- versity, vol. 12, no. 4, February 1962, pp. 247-308, illus., printed in Japanese with summaries in Eng- lish. Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, JAPAN: Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido Uni- versity, vol. 12, no. 1, May 1961, pp. 1-92, illus., printed in Japanese with summaries in English. Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Hako- date, Japan. Contains, among others, the follow- ing papers: "IIIl--Acid-Soluble Nucleotides in Muscle of Marine Invertebrates. Acid-Soluble Nucleotides in Foot and Adductor Muscles of Sea- shells,'' by Ken-ichi Arai, Tomoe Furukawa, and Tsuneyuki Saito; ''Studies on Marine Agar-Digest- ing Bacteria," by Takahisa Kimura; ''A Method for Rapid Detection of Alginic Acid-Digesting Bacte- ria," by Takahisa Kimura; ''The Effects of Under - water Explosions for the Purpose of Killing Pre- dacious Fishes,'' by Toshiro Kuroki and Kazumi Kumanda; ''Studies on the Compounds Specific for Each Group of Marine Algae. I--Presence of Char- Hakodate, Japan. Contains, among others, the fol- lowing papers: "On Reflection of Ultrasound from Discontinuous Boundaries in the Sea,'"' by Masami Ishida and Noritatsu Sano; and ''Chemical Studies on the Meat of Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino)-- Il,"' by Eiichi Tanikawa, Minoru Akiba, and Jiro _ Yamashita. Memoirs of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido Uni- versity, vol. 9,no. 2, 1961, pp. 85-226, illus., printed. The Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Hak- odate, Japan. Contains, among others, the following papers: "Studies on Bound Water in Fish Muscle," by Minoru Akiba; and''Studies on the Structure and Growth of the Scales in the Goldfish,'' by Juro Yamada. KELP: "Sublittoral Ecology of Kelp Beds of the Open Coast Area Near Carmel, California," by James H. Mc- 94 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No.10 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE Lean, article,.The Biological Bulletin, vol, 122, no. 1, February 1962, pp. 95-114, printed. Marine Bi- ological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. LIPIDS: "New Methods of Analyzing Industrial Aliphatic Lip- ids,'' by Helmut K, Mangold and Rudolf Kammereck, article, Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ So- ciety, vol. 39, no, 4, April 1962, pp. 201-206, illus., printed, American Oil Chemists! Society, 35 East Wacker Dr., Chicago 1, Il. LOBSTERS: "Carbon Dioxide Fixation in Lobster Nerve," by Sze- Chuh Cheng and Heinrich Waelsch, article, Science, vol. 136, June 1962, pp. 782-783, printed. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1515 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washington 5, D. C. A Contribution to the Bionomics of the Lobster (HOM - by A. C. Simpson, Fishery Investigations Series II, vol, 23, no. 7, 1961, 31 pp., illus., printed, $2.10. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Lon- don, England, (For sale by British Information Services, 45 Rockefeller Plaza, New York 20, N. Y.) Covers investigations, made in conjunction with a survey of the Welsh lobster fishery, to initiate a program of research on the bionomics and popula- tion dynamics of the lobster in the main lobster fishing areas of England and Wales. Discusses body measurements of the lobster, increase in length of the lobster on molting, time of hatching and laying eggs, time of molting, and size at first maturity. Discusses also the random feeding movements of lobsters as well as mortality rates. "Effect of Acetylcholine on the Electrical Activity of Somatic Nerves of the Lobster," by Wolf D, Dett- barn and Floyd A. Davis, article, Science, vol. 136, no, 3517, May 25, 1962, pp. 716-717, illus., printed, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1515 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washing- ton5, Drie, Trampas Langosteras (Lobster-Fishing Traps), by Frank E, Firth, Divulgacion Pesquera Cartilla No. 3, 23 pp., illus., processed. (Translation of FL 64, Contruction and Operation of Lobster Fishing Gear), Departamento de Pesca y Caza, Ministerio de Agri- cultura, Direccion de Agricultura y Pesca, Santiago, Chile, June 1962, MALAYA: Malayan Offshore Trawling Grounds (The Experi- mental and Exploratory Fishing Cruises of the F.R.V. Manihine in Malayan and Borneo Waters, 1955-56 with a Note on Temperatures and Salini- ties in the Singapore Strait), by F. D. Ommanney, Fishery Publications No, 18, 1961, 98 pp., illus., printed, £1 16s. (about US$5). Her Majesty's Stationery Office, York House, Kingsway, London WC2, England, 1962, MARINE FOULING: The Process of Marine Fouling, by N. G. Lignau, Trans-8, 38 pp., illus., processed. (Translated from the Russian Russische Hydrobiologische Zeits- chrift, vol, 2-3, no, 11-12, pp. 280-290 and vol, 4-5, no, 1-2, pp. 1-10.) U.S. Navy Hydrographic Office, Washington, D. C., 1961. MIGRATORY FISH: "River Utilization and the Preservation of Migratory Fish Life,'' by G. Baxter, article, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers No, 18, pp. 225- 243, printed, Institution of Civil Engineers, Great George St., Westminster, London SW1, England, MONACO: Prospection Biologique Sous-Marine dans la Region de Villefranche-sur-Mer en Juillet-Aout 1960 Bi- ological Observations Made by a Bathyscaph Near Villefranche-sur-Mer in July-August 1960), byG. Tre- 1220, 16 pp., illus., printed in French with English summary. Musee Oceanographique, Monaco-Ville, Monaco, November 7, 1961, NETS: "Les Filets Tournants a Thons sur les Cotes Fran- caises de la Mediterranee'' (Purse Seines Along the French Mediterranean Coasts), by M. S. di Meglio, article, La Peche Maritime, vol. 41, no, 1011, June 1962, pp. 419-421, illus., printed in French, La Peche Maritime, 190 Blvd. Haussmann, Paris, France. NEW ZEALAND: Fisheries Research in the East Cape Area (Paper Pre- sented at the Royal Society of New Zealand Ninth Science Congress 1960), by M. K. McKenzie, New Zealand Marine Department, Fisheries Technical Re- port No, 3, 13 pp., illus., processed, New Zealand Marine Department, Wellington, New Zealand, 1961. Report of the Marine Department for the Year Ended 31 March 1962, 53 pp., printed. Marine Department, Wellington, New Zealand, 1962. Covers the activi- ties and accomplishments of the Marine Department, including a report on fisheries for 1961. The latter discusses the quantity and value of fish and shell- fish landings, fishing vessels, total landings at var- ious ports, foreign trade in fishery products, and fish-liver oil production, It also discusses the whaling season, oysters, mussels, fresh-water and marine research, and fishery legislation. A number of statistical tables are included, NIGERIA: casional Paper No, 4, 54 pp., processed, Federal Fisheries Service, Ministry of Economic Develop- ment, Lagos, Nigeria, 1962. Covers an economic survey of the fishery resources of the Nigeriansec- tor of Lake Chad. Includes data on the hydrology and geography of the region; fishing techniques; processing and packaging of fish; insect infestation of fishery products; marketing channels and major trade routes for fishery products; and annual level of production, Also includes statistical tables on catches of set-nets; weights of contents of various packages of fishery products; costs of transport of packages of fish; quantities of imported and exported fishery products; and related data. NORTH BORNEO: The Fresh-Water Fishes of North Borneo, by Robert F, Inger and Chin Phui Kong, 268 pp., illus., printed, $6.50. Chicago National History Museum, Chicago, 5, Ill. Pre- sents basic information on species now known in sucha way that data canbe used by future reviewers of the various groups, October 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 95 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. NORWAY: Fiskefartoyers Lonnsomhet i 1960, Arsresultater" (Fishing Vessel Profits in 1960--Annual Data), ar- ticle, Fiskets Gang, vol. 48, no, 26, June 28, 1962, pp. 353-362; no, 27, July 5, 1962, pp. 371-378, print- ed in Norwegian. Fiskets Gang, Fiskeridirektoratet, Radstuplass 10, Bergen, Norway. Noen okonomiske undersokelser angaende Norges fiskerier i 1930-arene (Economic Research Con- cerning Norwegian Fisheries During 1930), by Ing- var Wedervang and Gerhard Meidell Gerhardsen, Fiskeridirektoratets Skrifter, Serie Fiskeri, vol. IV., no. 5, 109 pp., illus., printed in Norwegian. Sene Teknologiske Undersokelser Undersok, Di- rector of Fisheries, Bergen, Norway, 1961. NUTRITION: "Fish in Nutrition,'' by Donald G, Snyder, article, Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, Fourteenth Annual Session, November 1961, pp. 42-47, printed. Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, Marine Laboratory, University of Miami, #1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. OCEANOGRAPHY: An International Directory of Oceanographers (third edition), compiled by K. O. Emery and Mary Sears, 181 pp., printed. Committee on Oceanography of the National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Washington, D. C., 1960. Oceanography, and Canadian Atlantic Waters, by H. BE Hachey, Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada No. 134, 120 pp., printed, C$1.50, Fisher- ies Research Board of Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 1962. (Available from Queen's Printer and Con- troller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada.) Secrets of the Sea: Oceanography for Young Scien- tists, by Howard Jonah Pincus, American Education Publications 342, 31 pp., illus., printed. Education Center, American Education Publications, Colum - bus, Ohio, 1960. Study of the World Ocean, by E, M. Suziumov, JPRS 9695, processed, (Translated from the Russian Vesnik Akademii Nauk SSSR, no, 3, 1961, pp. 67-77.) Photocopies of this report may be purchased from Photoduplication Service, Library of Congress, Washington 25, D. C. Tongue of the Ocean Research Experiment, by A. Wayne Magnitzky and Howard V, French, TR-94, ASWEPS Report No, 3, 140 pp., illus., processed, $1.10. U.S. Navy Hydrographic Office, Washing- ton, D. C., 1960. Two New Pacific Chaetognaths (Their Distribution and Relationship to Allied Species), by Angeles Al- varino, Bulletin of the Scripps Institute of Oceanog- raphy, vol. 8, no, 1, January 15, 1962, 53 pp., illus., printed, $1.50. Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California, La Jolla, Calif. OCEAN PERCH: "Biologiya Morskikh Okunei i Perspektivy ikh Prom- ysla v Moryakh Severnoi Atlantiki'' (Biology of O- cean Perch and the Outlook for their Fishery in the North Atlantic), by V. I. Travin., article, Trudy Soveshchaniya, vol. 10, pp. 125-130, printed. Ikhtiol. Komissiya MEG Nauk SSSR 10, Moscow, U.S.S.R. OCTOPUS: "Receptors in the Suckers of Octopus," by P. Grazi- adei, article, Nature, vol. 195, no. 4836, July 7, 1962, pp. 57-59, illus., printed, St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Ave., New York 1, N. Y. OILS: A Report to the Fishing Industry Regarding Blown Oils, by P. M. Jangaard and R. G. Ackman, Circular No. 7, 1 p., printed. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Technological Station, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, 1962. OYSTERS: "Aragonite in the Resilium of Oysters," by H. B. Sten- zel, article, Science, vol, 136, no, 3522, June 29, 1962, pp. 1121-1122, printed. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1515 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washington 5, D. C. The Government-Industry Cooperative Oyster Research Program, Part I--History and Methodology, by Ami- hud Kramer and others, 14 pp., illus., printed. (Re- 540, Benjamin Franklin Station, Washington 4, D. C. This is the first of four parts of the final report of the Government-Industry Cooperative Oyster Re- search Program (GICORP), sponsored jointly by the Fish and Wildlife Service, the Food and Drug Admin- istration, and the Oyster Institute of North America. GICORP was organized for the purpose of establish- ing the composition of the oyster in its ''native'' state, and the changes that occur as a result of processing, packing, and marketing. Discusses the objectives of GICORP, definition of oyster identity, and chemical, physical, and physiological methods to measure oys- ter identity. "Haplosporidium costale (Sporozoa) Associated with a Disease of Virginia Oysters, by John L. Wood and Jay D. Andrews, article, Science, vol. 136; no, 3517, May 25, 1962, pp. 710-711, illus., printed. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1515 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washington 5, D. C. and Culture of an East African Oyster, CRASSOSTRAE CUCULLATA (Born), 27s.6d. (US$5.50). Sales Section, British Information Services, 45 Rockefeller Plaza, New York 20, N.Y., 1961, PACKAGING: "Packaging of Freeze-Drieds,'" by T. C. Taylor, arti- cle, Food Engineering, vol, 33, no. 9, September 1961, pp. 41-44, illus., printed, Food Engineering, Chilton Co,, Chestnut and 58th Sts., Philadelphia 39, Pa, Gives a comprehensive survey of packaging ma- terials, such as cans, cartons, and flexible pouches, single and laminated, used and being developed by many producers of freeze-dried foods, Containers should be capable of offering physical protection to 96 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol, 24, No. 10 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. fragile and brittle products and of maintaining oxy- gen level below 2 percent and moisture content be- low 3 percent. Where products are extremely sen- sitive to enzymatic activity, lower levels are essen- tial and inpackage desiccants can be used. Most producers use nitrogen to flush the container be- fore inserting the freeze-dried food, PERU: Importancia Economica de la Pesqueria en El Quin- quenio: 1957-1961 Economic Importance of the Fishing Industry for the Years 1957-1961), by Javier Iparraguirre Cortez, 118 pp., illus., printed in Span- ish. Ministerio de Agricultura, Servicio de Pes- queria, Lima, Peru. PLANKTON: Continuous Plankton Records: Contribution Towards a Plankton Atlas of the North-Eastern Atlantic and _ (Reprinted from Bulletins of Marine Ecology, vol. 5, no. 49, January 1962, pp. 247-253, 9 figs., illus., printed.) Officer in Charge, Oceanographic Labora- tory, 78 Craighall Rd., Edinburgh 5, Scotland, Continuous Plankton Records: The Distribution of Young SEBASTES MARINUS (L.), by G. T. D. Hen- derson, 22 pp., illus., printed, 7s. (98 U. S. cents). (Reprinted from Bulletins of Marine Ecology, vol. 5, no. 46, December 1961, pp. 173-193.) Officer in Charge, Oceanographic Laboratory, 78 Craighall Rd., Edinburgh 5, Scotland. An Ecological Survey of a Scottish Herring Fishery. Part Ill--Geographical and Ecological Groups in the Plankton, by R. S. Glover, G. A. Cooper, and D, C. T. Forsyth; Part IV--Changes in the Plankton During the Period 1949 to 1959, by M. H. Williamson; Appendix: A Method for Studying the Relation of Plankton Variations to Hydrography, by M. H. Will- iamson, 36 pp., illus., printed, 9s. (about U.S.$1.26). (Reprinted from Bulletins of Marine Ecology, vol. 5, nos. 47-48, December 1961, pp. 195-2294 Of- ficer in Charge, Oceanographic Laboratory, 78 Craighall Rd., Edinburgh 5, Scotland, the Russian Bull. Moscow Nat, Soc., Ser. Biol., vol. 45, no. 3, 1960.) Fisheries Laboratory, Lowes- toft, Suffolk, England, Use of the Hardy Continuous Plankton Recorder in a Fishery Research Programme, by John B. Colton and Robert R. Marak, 16 pp., illus., printed, 10s. (US$1.40). (Reprinted from Bulletins of Marine Ecology, vol. 5,no. 49, January 1962, pp. 231-246.) Officer in Charge, Oceanographic Laboratory, 78 Craighall Rd., Edinburgh 5, Scotland. Zooplankton in Relation to Herring in the Norwegian Sea, June 1959, by Ulf Lie, 12 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Fiskeridirektoratets Skrifter, Serie Havundersokelser, vol. 13, no. 1.) Fiskerid- irektoratet, Bergen, Norway, 1961, PONDS AND LAKES FISHERY MANAGEMENT: Management of Artificial Lakes and Ponds, by George W. Bennett, 300 pp., illus., printed, $8. Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 430 Park Ave., New York 22, N. Y., 1962, The author has included the most recent scientific advances and practical techniques inarti- ficial lake and pond management. For those interested in a comprehensive and integrated presentation of the dynamics and management of warm-water fish popula- tions in artificial lakes and ponds, this is just the book, Students, researchers, and professional workers will find that the development of the subject is broad in scope, and well suited to their needs. The foreword interestingly points out that "Much of man's activity, either indirectly or directly, is aimed at manipulating populations.'' Among the examples cited is the work going on in the Great Lakes area of North America where man wishes to increase the numbers of lake trout and at the same time destroy the sea lamprey, a trout predator, The change from the "art'' of man- agement to the ''science'' of management is a new phenomenon which has appeared within the present century. In my opinion, the author has attempted and succeeded in bringing together and giving meaning to fish management knowledge which has been hidden in the literature and has had no meaning to the non-spe- cialist. Specific directions, such as, for example, how to stock a lake, have been avoided. The book shows the range of reasonable stocking and its relationship to the range of potential results. A brief and concise view of fish culture is presented first. Next, artifi- cial aquatic habitats are distinguished from natural bodies of water, are described, and categorized as much as possible. This is followed by an examina- tion of the ecological interrelationships of fish and lake habitats and a discussion of the implications for the professional manager, Then there is a fairly thorough treatment of such large concepts as carry- ing capacity, productivity, growth, reproduction, com- petition, and predation. After discussing the theory and techniques of management, the complex problems of fishing mortality and natural mortality are taken up. The last few chapters deal with sensory percep- tion and behavior in sport fishing and its commer- cial aspects, Technical terminology has been re- duced to a minimum and the mathematical approach to population dynamics has been left to a listing of papers on the subject. The text of the book does not show the scientific names of the fish mentioned; how - ever, the scientific names and the common names of all the fish mentioned appear in the Appendix. The book has a good index, and is well documented, Pond owners, professional fishery biologists, limnologists, conservation workers, government fishery experts and administrators, fishermen, and studentg of aquat- ic biology and fishery management will find the book of considerable interest and value, --Joseph Pileggi PORTUGAL: Gremio dos Armadores de Navios da Pesca do Bacal- hau, Relatorio e Contas do Exercicio de 1961 e Orcamento para 1962 (Cod Fishing Vessel Owners! Guild, Statement of Operations for 1961 and Budget for 1962), 34 pp., printed in Portuguese. Comissao Revisora de Conta, Lisbon, Portugal, February 17, 1962, October 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW oi THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. Gremio dos Armadores da Pesca de Arrasto, Rela- torio e Contas do Exercicio de 1961 e Orcamento para 1962 (Trawler Owners! Guild, Statement of Operations for 1961 and Budget for 1962), 40 pp., printed in Portuguese. Comissao Revisora de Con- tas, Lisbon, Portugal, 1962. Gremio dos Armadores da Pesca da Baleia, Rela- para 1962 (Whaling Vessel Owners' Guild, Report of Operations in 1961 and Budget for 1962), 33 pp., printed in Portuguese. Comissao Revisora de Con- tas, Lisbon, Portugal, February 24, 1962, Gremio dos Armadores da Pesca da Sardinha, Rela- para 1962 (Sardine Fishing Vessel Owners! Guild, Statement of Operations for 1961 and Budget for 1962), 20 pp., printed in Portuguese. Comissao Re- visora de Contas, Lisbon, Portugal, January 26, 1962. PREDATORS: Predator-Prey Relationships Between Fish-Eating Birds and Atlantic Salmon (With a Supplement on Fundamentals of Merganser Control), by P. F. El- son, Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada No. 133, 87 pp., printed, C$1.00. Fisher- ies Research Board of Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 1962. (Available from Queen's Printer and Con- troller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada.) PRESERVATION: Preservation of Fish by Antibiotics and by Pene- trating Radiations," by H. L. A. Tarr, article, Fish- ing News International, vol. 1, no. 1, October 1961, pp. 17-20, and vol. 1, no, 2, January 1962, pp. 46-48, illus., printed. Arthur J. Heighway Publications, Ltd., Ludgate House, 110 Fleet St., London EC4, England, PROCESSING: "Hagnyting Fiskaflans, 1961'' (Processing of the Fish Catch, 1961), article, Aegir, vol. 55,.no. 11, June 1962, pp. 217-221, printed in Icelandic. Aegir, Fiskifelag Islands, Reykjavik, Iceland, RADIATION: Radiation-Processed Foods as a Component of the Armed Forces Feeding Systems, AD 268 479, 94 pp., printed, $2.25, Office of Technical Services, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D. C., August 1961, RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINANTS: "Accumulation of Radioactive Pollutants by Marine Organisms and its Relation to Fisheries" (Trans- actions of the 2nd Seminar of Biological Problems of Water Pollution, 1959), by W. A. Chipman, Tech- nical Report W60-3, pp. 8-14, printed, Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Public Health Service, Cincinnati, Ohio, "Investigation of the Effects of Radioactive Material on Aquatic Life in Canada" (Transactions of the 2nd Seminar of Biological Problems of Water Pol- lution, 1959), by I, L. Ophel, Technical Report W60-3, p. 21, printed. Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Public Health Service, Cincin- nati, Ohio. "The Significance of the Uptake of Radio-Isotopes by Fresh-water Fishes" (Transactions of the 2nd Sem- inar of Biological Problems of Water Pollution, 1959), by R. F. Foster, Technical Report W60-3, pp. 15-20, printed. Robert A, Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Public Health Service, Cincinnati, Ohio. REFRIGERATION: "Prestorage of Sardines in Refrigerated Sea-Water on Board Fishing-Boats," article, Revue Conserve, vol. 16, no. 6, October 1961, pp. 133-134, printed in French, Societe d'Edition pour 1'Alimentation, 1 Rue de la Reale, Paris 1, France. RESEARCH VESSELS: "Canada's Research Vessels," by G. J. Gillespie, ar- ticle, Trade News, vol. 14, no. 12, June 1962, pp. 3-6, illus., printed, Department of Fisheries, Ot- tawa, Canada. Describes a research trip completed by A. T. Cameron, the largest vessel operated by the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. The author explains the complexity of work carried on by Cana- da's 18 research vessels. Detail Specifications for Building Oceanographic Re- search Ship AGS, 377 pp., and Modification Nos, 1 & 2 to Detail Specifications for Building Oceanographic Research Ship AGOR (formerly AGS), 24 pp. and 9 pp., respectively, processed, U.S, Department of the Navy, Bureau of Ships, Washington 25, D. C., Dec, 22, 1958, Feb. 24, 1960, and Mar, 25, 1960, respectively. ROCKFISH: Ocean, by P. A. Moiseev and I. A. Paraketsov, Translation Series No. 358, 10 pp., illus., processed. (Translated from the Russian Vopros Ikhtiologii, vol, 1, no. 1(18), 1961, pp. 30-45.) Fisheries Re- search Board of Canada, Biological Station, Nan- aimo, B.C., Canada, 1961, SALMON: Acclimatization of Pacific Salmon in the Barents and White Seas, by A. Isaev, Translation Series No. 361, 7 pp., processed. (Translated from the Russian Voprosy Ikhtiologii, vol. 1, no. 1(18), 1961, pp. 46- 31) Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Biolog- ical Station, Nanaimo, B.C., Canada, 1961. (Translated from the Russian Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, no. 7, 1957, pp. 70-71.) Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C., Canada, July 1961, Body-Scale Relationship in Atlantic Salmon (Prelim- inary Report), by Arne Lindroth, International Coun- cil for the Exploration of the Sea--Salmon ahd Trout Committee no, 104, 25 pp., printed. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Charlotten- lund Slot, Denmark, "The Influence of Salinity on the Rate of Oxygen Con- sumption of Young Quinnat Salmon, Oncorhyncus tschawytscha," by J. S. Bullivant, article, New Zea- land Journal of Science, vol. 4, 1961, pp. 381-391, 98 OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. printed. Department of Scientific and Industrial Re- search, P. O. Box 8018, Government Building, Well- ington C.I., New Zealand. Local Stocks of Autumn Chum Salmon in the Amur Basin, by I. ‘Birman, Translation Series No. 349, 22 pp., processed, (Translated from the Russian Vop- rosy Ikhtiologii, no, 7, 1956, pp. 158-173.) Fisher- ies Research Board of Canada, Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C., Canada, 1961. Local Stocks of Summer KETA, ONCORHYNCHUS KETA (Walbaum), of the Amur Basin, by A. Sveto- vidova, Translation Series No, 347, 16 pp., illus., processed, (Translated from the Russian Voprosy Ikhtiologii, no. 17, 1961, pp. 14-23.) Fisheries Re- search Board of Canada, Biological Station, Nana- imo, B.C., Canada, 1961. Marine Tagging of Fraser River Sockeye Salmon, by L. A. Verhoeven and E. B. Davidoff, Bulletin XIII, 132 pp., illus., printed. International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission, New Westminster, B.C., Canada, 1962, The Stocks of West Kamchatka Salmon and Their Commercial Utilization, by R. Semko, Translation Series no, 288, 131 pp., illus., processed. (Trans- sated from the Russian Zapadnokamchatskikh lososei iikh promyslovoe ispol zovanie.) Fisheries Re- search Board of Canada, Biological Station, Nana- imo, B.C., Canada, 1960. SARDINES: "Ta Peche a la Sardine sur les Cotes Francaises de Mediterranee" (Sardine Fishing Along the French Mediterranean Coasts), by L, Zali, article, La Peche Maritime, vol. 41, no, 1011, June 1962, pp. 414-418, illus., printed in French. La Peche Maritime, 190 Blvd. Haussmann, Paris, France. Sur Une Alteration des Caracteristiques d'Age des Populations de Sardine Pechees au Nord du Por- tugal (On the Change in Age Characteristics of Sar- dine Populations Fished in Northern Portugal), by J, Amorim Machado-Cruz, Publicacoes do Instituto de Zoologia No, 73, 13 pp., illus., printed in French, Porto, vol, XLII.) Instituto de Zoologia, Faculdade de Ciencias do Porto, 108 Rua Formosa, Porto, Por- tugal, 1960, SCALLOPS: "Giant Scallops in Newfoundland Coastal Waters," by H. J. Squires, Bulletinof the Fisheries Research Board of Canada No. 135, 29 pp., printed, 50 Canadian cents. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 1962. (Available from Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada.) Gulf of St. Lawrence Scallop Explorations, 1961, by N. Bourne and A, McIver, Circular No. 35, 4 pp., printed. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Bi- ological Station, St. Andrews, N.B., Canada, 1962, SHARKS: "What You Should Know About Sharks (Part 2),'' by Ednard Waldo, article, Louisiana Conservationist, vol, 14, nos. 7-8, July-August 1962, pp. 6-8, illus., printed, Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Com- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 10 mission, Wild Life and Fisheries Bldg., 400 Royal St., New Orleans 16, La. This is the second part of an article on sharks. Describes primarily the char- acteristics of sharks! teeth. Discusses variations of teeth found in different species, power of the teeth and how this power is used as a weapon for attack and defense, citing several examples. Also lists the common species of sharks, giving their common and scientific names, and their maximum sizes. SHRIMP: Dados Sobre Modificacao do Peso do Camarao, Provo- od Used at the Fishery Rearing Station of Cananeia), by Victor Sadowski and Alexandre Radasewski, no. 147, 5 pp., illus., processed in Portuguese. (Re- printed from Universidade de Sao Paulo Contribui- coes Avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico, Tecnologia No. 1, 1960.) Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto Oceanografico, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 1960. "Shrimp Fleet Blessing--Colorful Louisiana Cere- mony," by Jack Britt, article, Louisiana Conserva- tionist, vol. 14, nos, 7-8, July-August 1962, pp. 12- 13, illus., printed, Louisiana Wild Life and Fisher- ies Commission, Wild Life and Fisheries Bldg., 400 Royal St., New Orleans 16, La, Use of Stains in Shrimp Mark-Recapture Experiments, by T. J. Costello, Contribution no, 23, 5 pp., printed. International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries, Forrest Bldg., Carleton St., Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Paper presented at the ICNAF North Atlantic Fish Marking Symposium, May 1961, SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT: Electric Motor Maintenance for Small Plants, Tech- Administration, Washington 25, D. C. The common causes of electric motor trouble are identified and some of the ways to keep electric motors running are discussed, Electric motors, like any other equip- ment, can only be maintained economically when they are fitted for the service they are expected to per- form, Whether AC or DC motors are selected to run the machinery, they must be properly applied and correctly installed. Only then can proper mainte- nance reduce the chances of motor failure and the accompanying costs in repairs. processed, Small Business Administration, Wash- ington 25, D. C., April 1962, A summary of a re- port on problems and prospects of South Carolina food processors, The findings of the report repre- sent extensive research in the over-all aspects of food processing in South Carolina, Besides pro- viding a factual analysis of the State's food proc- essing industries, the study aimed to determine the managing, marketing, and operating problems of the eight major categories of the food and kindred prod- ucts industries, how they were being resolved, and what the future prospects were, Sound Objectives Help Build Profits, Management Aids No, 142, by T. Stanley Gallager. 4 pp., printed. Small October 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 99 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. Business Administration, Washington 25, D.C. A report on how sound objectives help build profits. It discusses the desirability of formulating and for- malizing company goals, as well as the continuing need for reviewing such objectives in order to keep them current and sound. By setting up specific busi- iness objectives, small businessmen can provide their organizations with an efficient blueprint to guide company progress in an orderly manner, By reviewing objectives periodically, small business- men can learn: (1) whether their objectives need to be adjusted, and (2) what, if any, policy and proce- dure changes are needed in order to achieve current goals. SPINY LOBSTERS: "The Freezing of Spiny Lobster Tails,'' by J. Deniel and J. Nouy, article, La Peche Maritime, vol. 40, no, 999, June 1961, pp. 402-412, illus., printed in French. La Peche Maritime, 190 Blvd. Haussmann, Paris, France. "On the Occurrence of the Spiny Lobster, Panulirus dasypus (H. Milne-Edwards) in Bombay Waters, with a Note on the Systematics of Bombay Lobsters, ' by B. F. Chhapgar and 8S. K. Deshmukh, article, Jour- na] of the Bombay Natural History Society, vol. 58, no. 3, December 1961, pp. 632-638, illus., printed. Bombay Natural History Society, 91 Walkeshwar Rd., Bombay 6, India. SNAPPER: The Shark Bay Fishery on Snapper (CHRYSOPHRYS STANDARDS: UNICOLOR), by B. K. Bowen, Report I, 18 pp., il- Tus., printed, Fisheries Department, 108 Adelaide Terrace, Perth, Australia, 1961. SOUTH AFRICA REPUBLIC: Fishing Industry Research Institute (Fourteenth An- nual Report of the Director, 1 January-31 December 1960), 47 pp., illus., printed. Fishing Industry Re- search Institute, University of Cape Town, Ronde- bosch, South Africa. Discusses part played by the Fishing Industry Research Institute of Cape Town in solving factory production problems and in research on the scientific background to fish processing. Out- lines investigations undertaken by the Institute on fresh and frozen fish; salted and dried fish; fish canning; fish sausage; use of fish flour as the basis for new food products; fish meal; and stickwater re- covery. The primary emphasis of research was on fish meal and fish oils; variation of fish meal com- position during production; moisture distribution vs. particle size of fish meals; methods of estimating the digestibility of fish meals; available lysine in fish meal; oxidation of fish oils; drying of fish oils with silica gel; and apparatus for spontaneous heat- ing tests. Also discusses routine chemical and bac- teriological analyses as well as routine investiga- tions on frozen fish; frozen rock lobster tails for export; canned fish and rock lobster; fish meal sampling and supervision of loading; fish mealbags; and tomato paste. Institute, Cape Town, South Africa Republic, 1958. SOUTH DAKOTA: Fishes of South Dakota, by Reeve M, Bailey and Mar- vin O. Allum, 131 pp., illus., printed, $2.50. Uni- versity of Michigan, Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Mich, It gives a short history of South Dakota ich- thyology, collecting stations, and annotated list of fish. SPAIN: Sobre Algunos Peces Poco Frecuentes o Descono- cidos en la Costa Vasca (On Some Rare and Un- known Fish on the Basque Coast), by Jose Mari Navaz y Sanz, Publication No. 14, 57 pp., illus., printed in Spanish. Sociedad de Oceanografia de Guipuzcoa, San Sebastian, Spain, 1961, Index to Microscopic-Analytical Methods in Food and Drug Control, Food and Drug Technical Bulletin No. 1, 14 pp., printed, Food and Drug Administration, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washington 25, D. C., 1962. An index to Technical Bulletin No. 1, entitled ''Microscopic-Analytical Methods in Food and Drug Control," which discusses the latest methods for microscopic identification of contaminants in foods and drugs and is designed to help analysts trace adulterants to their sources STURGEON: The Lake Sturgeon, by W. J. K. Harkness and J. R. Dymond, illus., printed, The Ontario Department of Lands and Forests, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. This account of the lake sturgeon covers distribution, hab- its, food, growth, reproduction, artificial propaga- tion, fishing methods, the fishery itself, and conser- vation of the species. The largest lake sturgeon of which there is authentic record weighed 310 pounds. It was caught in Batchewana Bay, Lake Superior, in 1922, and a more recent fish of the same weight was caught in Lake Michigan in 1943, Each was nearly eight feet long. Larger ones are reported to have been taken in earlier times, but their weight cannot be authenticated, The lake sturgeon has much larger relatives; a white Oregon sturgeon taken in the Co- lumbia River was 12.5 feet long and weighed 1,285 pounds. Prejudice against eating sturgeon seems to have been based partly on the fact that many people did not know how to prepare it, although French Ca- nadians are said to have used it for bouillon and also to have pickled it. Much of the low opinion of the species, however, was based on its destructiveness to nets and worthlessness as a commercial fish as well as to the belief that it was destructive to more valuable food fish. It was the practice of smoking sturgeon and the use of their roe in making caviar that led to an active demand, and by 1880 the stur- geon fishery had become an important branch of the fishing industry. TEXAS: A Checklist of Texas Fresh-Water Fishes, by Clark Inland Fisheries, Texas Game and Fish Commission, Austin, Tex., revised December 1958. TEXTURE OF FISH: "Development of an Instrument for Evaluating Text- ure of Fishery Products,'' by John A, Dassow, Lynne 100 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 10 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. G. McKee, and Richard W. Nelson, article, Food Tanaka, article, Refrigeration, vol. 36, no. 409, No- Technology, vol. 16, no. 3, 1962, pp. 108-110, illus., printed. Garrard Press, 510 North Hickory, Cham- paign, Ill. THAWING: "Application of Centrifugal Method for Measuring Shrinkage During the Thawing and Heating of Frozen Cod Fillets," by D. Miyauchi, article, Food Tech- nology, vol. 16, no, 1, January 1962, pp. 70-72, il- lus., printed, Garrard Press, 510 No. Hickory St., Champaign, Ill. "Das Dielektrische Auftauen Schnellgefrorener Leb- ensmittel'’ (Dielectric Thawing of Frozen Food- stuffs), by O. Lang, article, Die Kalte, vol, 41, no. 10, November 1961, pp. 615-618, illus., printed in German. Hans A. Keune Verlag, Pressehaus, I Speersort, Hamburg 1, Germany, TRAWLERS: In Defense of Certain Conditions in the Designing of Fishing Trawlers, by E. Muragin, O.N.1. Transla- tion No. 852, 9 pp., processed. (Translated from the Russian Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 11, 1960, pp. 27-33.) Office of Naval Intelligence, Translations Section, Washington 25, D, C. "Lord Nelson, First British Trawler with Partial Freezing, has an Aft Ramp,'' by M.B.F. Ranken, article, La Peche Maritime, vol. 40, no. 999, June 1961, pp. 393-397, illus., printed in French, La Peche Maritime, 190 Blvd, Haussmann, Paris, France, TRAWLING: Our Observation on the Behavior of the Trawl in Wa- “ter, by N. A. Lyapin, OTS60-51080, 6 pp., illus., processed, 50 cents. (Translated from the Russian Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 35, no. 2, 1959, pp. 43-46.) Office of Technical Services, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D. C. "Treuils de Manoeuvre de Chalut a Enitrainement Electrique ou Electro-Hydraulique des Chantiers Seebeck'' (Tests of Trawl Operated by Electrical or Hydraulic-Electrical Device of the Seebeck Ship- yard), article,La Peche Maritime, vol. 41, no, 1011, June 1962, pp. 446-447, illus., printed in French, La Peche Maritime, 190 Blvd. Haussmann, Paris, France, TRAWL NETS: Trawl Mesh Regulation in the Strait of Georgia, by K. 8S. Ketchen, Circular No. 61, 16 pp., printed. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C., Canada, 1961, TROUT: "Physical Characteristics and Chemical Composi- tion of Two Subspecies of Lake Trout," by Claude E,. Thurston, article, Journal of the Fisheries Re- search Board of Canada, vol. 19, no. I, 1962, pp. 39-44, illus., printed. Queen's Printer and Con- troller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. TUNA: "Fundamental Studies on the Prevention of Discol- ouration of Frozen Yellow-Fin Tuna Meat," by K. vember 1961, pp. 1-17, printed, Japanese Associa- tion of Refrigeration, Kenchiku Kaikan Bldg., 3-1 Ginza Nishi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Measures of Population Density and Concentration of Fishing Effort for Yellowfin and Skipjack Tuna in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean, 1951-1959, by "Ta Peche du Thon a Madagascar, Thomas P,. Calkins, Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission Bulletin, vol.6, no. 3, 1961, 84 pp., il- lus., printed in English and Spanish, Inter-Ameri- can Tropical Tuna Commission, La Jolla, Calif. The primary objective of this study is to compute two indices of population density and an index of concen- tration of fishing effort of tuna bait boats for skip- jack alone and for yellowfin and skipjack combined, and to examine the quarterly and annual variations in these indices, Secondary objectives are to ex- amine the relationship between these indices and the dispersal of the fishery, and to demonstrate the sea- sonal changes in the geographical distribution of the catch-per-unit-of-effort in the skipjack fishery. The report discusses the source and routine processing of data, and the calculation of the indices. Then for skip- jack alone and for yellowfin and skipjack combined, it discusses the quarterly variations in the indices of density and index of concentration; relationship be- tween weighted and unweighted indices of density. For skipjack, the report analyzes the seasonal changes in the geographical distribution of catch-per-stand- ardized-day's-fishing. Neighboring Waters of New Caledonia), by Michel Angot and Rene Criou, 31 pp., illus., processed in French, Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Tech- nique Outre-Mer, 20, rue Monsieur, Paris 7©, France, September 1959, "Tuna Fishing in Madagascar), by A. Crosnier and P, Fourmanoir, article, Bulletin de Madagascar, vol. 11, no, 185, October 1961, pp. 867-891, illus., printed*in French, M. le Directeur de 1'Imprimerie Nationale, Tana- narive, Madagascar, Possibilites de Peche Artisanale du Thon en Nouvelle- Caledonie (Possibilities for a Tuna Fishery in New Caledonia), by R. Criou, 26 pp., illus., processed in French, Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Tech- nique Outre-Mer, 20, rue Monsieur, Paris 7©, France, June 1959, A Review of Present Knowledge Relative to a Possible Tuna Fishery in New Zealand, by M, K. McKenzie, Fisheries Technical Report No, 4, 49 pp., illus., processed, New Zealand Marine Department, Well- ington, New Zealand, 1962, Discusses the bic ogy of the main species of tuna found in New Zealand, their size, distribution, season, and fishing methods used; exploratory cruises made to locate tuna con- centrations; recent work done in oceanography inthe Tasman Sea and coastal waters of New Zealand; and tuna boats and fishing gear. Includes also figures charting the probable distribution of the tuna species below the surface of the sea, as well as data on wa- ter temperatures, The author says northern bluefin October 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 101 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. is known to occur in New Zealand, striped tuna oc- curs in spring and autumn in the northern half of the North Island, yellowfin occurs in the summer in northern latitudes, albacore in the summer and autumn in the North Island, and southern bluefin in the spring and autumn, 5, no. 6, 1961, 68 pp., Spanish. Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commis- sion, La Jolla, Calif. jes Technical Report No, 5), 43 pp., illus., Sas eey. New Zealand Marine Department, Wellington, New Zealand, 1962. Discusses Australian tuna clippers, their fundamental requirements and special equip- ment; live bait tanks and holding pens, their con- struction and equipment; methods of capture and care of live bait fish; searching and fishing for tuna; and handling and storage of tuna on board ship. In- cludes illustrations of equipment used and struc- tural and miscellaneous details on Australian tuna vessels (pole fishing). Tuntsy i drugie ob'ekty tuntsovogo promysla (Tunas and Other Objects of the Tuna Fishery), by V. L. Zharoy, Iu. L. Karpechenko, and G, V. Martinsen, 114 pp., illus., printed in Russian, 49 kop. (about 60 U.S. cents). VNIRO Glavniproekta, pri Gos- planie, SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R., 1961, The book consists of two sections entitled: "The Description of Tunas and other Objects of the Tuna Fishery''and "The Catch Statistics of the Objects of the Tuna Fishery.'' The following groups of fish are consid- ered by the authors to be the objects of the tuna fish- ery: scombroids (tunas and mackerel-like fish), the billfish and the barracouta. Identification keys for various groups of fish are scattered throughout the book, Each species is illustrated by a text figure. The brief description of each species includes in- formation on the following: common names in var- ious languages, synonymy, size, habits, geographi- cal distribution, methods of capture, economical importance, as well as the form in which the species is utilized. The statistical portion of the book con- tains information on the catch of various fish dealt with in the first section, containing tabulations with a world-wide coverage for the catch of various coun- tries for the years 1938 and 1947 through 1958. --W. L. Klawe, Senior Scientist, Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission Year Class Abundance, Mortality and and Yield-Per- Recruit of Yellowfin Tuna in the Eastern Pacific Ocean, 1954-1959, by Richard C. Hennemuth, Inter - American Tropical Tuna Commission Bulletin, vol. 6, no. 1, 1961, 51 pp., illus., printedin English and Spanish. Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commis- sion, La. Jolla, Calif. TURKEY: Balik ve Balikcilik (Fish and Fishery), vol. 10, no. 5-6, May-June 1962, 31 pp., illus., printed in Turk- ish with English table of contents. Balikcilik Mud- urlugu, Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey. Includes, among others, the following articles: ''Oils Utilized in Canned Fish Industry and Their Standardization;" "Main Features of Fishery Financing in Japan; it "Tuna Long-Line Fishing at Marmara and Prepara- tions of the Materials;'' and ''Seasonings Utilized in Preparations of Fish Products." UNITED KINGDOM: Scottish Sea Fisheries Statistical Tables, 1961, 50 pp., printed, 5s. 6d. (about 76 U.S. cents). Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland, St. An- drew's House, Edinburgh 1, Scotland, 1962. (Avail- able from Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 13a Cas- tle St., Edinburgh 2, Scotland.) Contains 27 statis- tical tables showing quantity and value of fish landed and processed, number of vessels and fishermen, and creek returns. Tables 1 through 19 cover quan- tity and value of fish landed in the United Kingdom and Scotland by British and foreign vessels; land- ings of British vessels according to methods of fish- ing, 1938-1961; quantity and value of each kind of fish landed in each district by various types of Brit- ish vessels; quantity of each kind of fish landed by foreign vessels from each fishing region; and quan- tity and value of fish landed by foreign vessels by each nationality. They also cover seasonal landings of herring fishing; quantity of each kind of fish landed from and expenditure of fishing effort in each fishing region; and quantity and value of each kind of fish landed by British vessels, 1913, 1938, and 1954-1961. Tables 20 through 22 show quantity and value of proc- essed fish, including herring and white fish. Tables 23 through 26 show fishing vessels by type and dis- trict; fishermen employed; and greatest number of vessels and persons employed in the herring fish- ery. The last table gives data on the number of vessels and fishermen and quantity and value of fish landed in creeks. Sea Fisheries Statistical Tables, 1961, 44 pp., printed, 5s. (about 70 U.S. cents), Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, London, England, 1962. (Avail- able from Her Majesty's Stationery Office, York House, Kingsway, London WC2, England.) Consists of statistical data showing the quantity, value, and average value of fish and shellfish landed in England and Wales by species, region, and method of capture. The different kinds of fish are divided into three main groups: demersal, pelagic, and shellfish, Also includes data on number of fishermen and fishing vessels employed as well as quantity and value of exports and imports, 1960-1961, by kinds and coun- tries, White Fish Authority, Annual Report and Accounts for ws Year Ended 3ist March 1962, 57 pp., printed, . 6d. (about 50 U.S. cents), Her Majesty's Station- a Office, York House, Kingsway, London WC2, Eng- land. Discusses the activities and functions of the White Fish Authority for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1962, its income, expenditures, and fishery loans. Includes sections‘on production of fishery products; marketing and distribution; research and experiments undertaken; training courses for fishermen; and in- vestigations into the costs and earnings of inshore fishermen. Also includes statistical tables on dis- tribution of trawlers; rebuilding of fleets; interest rates charged by the Authority on loans; and a sum- mary of white fish imports. 102 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol, 24, No. 10 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT: United States Government Organization Manual, 1962- 63, 766 pp., illus., printed, $7.50, Office of the Fed- eral Register, National Archives and Records Serv- ice, Washington, D, C., June 1, 1962, (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.) The official organization handbook of the Federal Government, Contains sections descriptive of the agencies in the legislative, judicial, and executive branches. Sup- plemental information includes brief descriptions of quasi-official agencies, selected multilateral in- ternational organizations, selected bilateral or- ganizations, charts of the more complex agencies, and appendices relating to abolished and trans- ferred agencies, and to governmental publications. Also describes the agencies connected with fisher - ies: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries, and Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. U.S.S.R.: The Pre-Conventional Fishing (Japanese and Russian Fisheries), English translations of fishery literature, miscellaneous series no, 322, 39 pp., processed. U. S. Department of the Interior Library, Washing- ton 25, D. C. Results of Three Years of Observations on Fish Be- low the Lenin Hydroelectric Station on the Volga, by A, Diuzhikov, Translation Series No, 363, 16 pp., processed, (Translated from the Russian Vopros Ikhtiologii, vol. 1, no, 1(18), 1961, pp. 69-78.) Fish- eries Research Board of Canada, Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C., Canada, 1961, Some Theoretical Results of Investigations by the Murmansk Biological Station, The Hydrological, Hydrochemical and Biological Features of the Region Investigated, by M. M. Kamshilov, 18 pp., processed. (Translated from the Russian Regular Features of the Concentration and Migrations of Commercial _ Fishes in the Coastal Zone of Murman, 1958, pp. Food, Fisheries Laboratory, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England, 1961, VESSELS: "Refrigerated Ship Tavriya for the Freezing and Transport of Fish, by L. R. Kozyrchuk and E, C, Yusupov, article, Sudostroenie, vol. 27, no, 3, 1961, pp. 1-3, illus., printed in Russian, Soviet Ministrov SSSR, Sudpromgiz, Suvorooski, Leningrad S-15, U.S.S.R. WEATHER CHARTS: Coastal Warning Facilities Chart, Hawaiian Islands, 1962, 2 pp., processed, 10 cents. Weather Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D, C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.) The chart shows stations displaying small craft, gale, whole gale, and hurricane warnings, explana- tion of warning displays and schedules of AM and FM radio and TV stations that broadcast weather forecasts and warnings. Chart, Great Lakes: Huron, Erie, and Ontario, 1962, 2 pp., processed, 10 cents. Weather Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington 25, D, C.) This chart shows stations displaying small craft, gale, whole gale, and hurricane warnings, explanation of warning displays, and schedules of AM and FM radio and TV stations that broadcast weather forecasts and warnings. WHALES: The Biology and Hunting of Beluga or White Whales in the Canadian Arctic, by D. E, Sergeant, Circular No. 8, 15 pp., printed. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Arctic Unit, Montreal, Canada, 1962. The Biology of the Pilot or Pothead Whale in New- foundland Waters, by D. E. Sargeant, Bulletin No, 132, printed, C$1. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa, Canada. (For saleby the Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada.) eries Research Board of Canada, Arctic Unit, Mon- treal, Canada, 1961. WHALING: International Whaling Statistics, no. XLVII, 77 pp., printed, Kr. 2.00 about 28 U.S. cents). The Commit- tee for Whaling Statistics, Oslo, Norway, 1962, A report on the results of the whaling operations in the Antarctic during the season 1959/60 and on grounds outside the Antarctic in the calendar year 1960, In- cludes statistical tables on whaling in the Antarctic; whaling operations of Norway, the United Kingdom, Japan, and the U.S.S.R.; whaling results for various other countries; average size of whales caught; and whales caught by species, sex, and size, Also in- cludes data on average production of oil per "blue- whale equivalent;'' average production of oil per sperm-whale; and whale foetuses measured, "New Whaling Fleet in Venture off British Columbia Coast,'' by Bruce Woodland, article, Trade News, vol. 14, no. 12, June 1962, pp. 7-8, illus., printed. Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, Canada, Describes the revival of whaling on Canada's west coast with the departure of British Columbia's largest-ever whaling fleet, The sailing was the first since 1959, when the Pacific Coast industry halted whaling oper- ations because of poor markets. WORLD TRADE: The following World Trade Information Service Re- port, published by the Bureau of Foreign Commerce, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C., is for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, WAS: Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C., at 10 cents a copy. Licensing and Exchange Controls, Australia, Opera- tions Report No, 62-36, WTIS Part 2, 5 pp., printed, June 1962, The following printed World Trade Information Serv- ice Reports, published by the Bureau of International Programs, U. S. Department of Commerce, Wash- ington, D, C., are for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Wash- ington 25, D.C. October 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1038 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. Import Tariff System of Colombia, Operations Re- port No. 62-34, WTIS Part 2, 4pp., 10 cents, June 1962. Import Tariff System of chang, Operations Report No. 62-32, WTIS Part 2, 2 pp., 10 cents, June 1962. Import Tariff System of Pakistan, Operations Report No. 62-35, WTIS Part 2, 2 pp., 10 cents, June 1962. Licensing and Exchange Controls--France, Opera- tions Report No. 62-33, WTIS Part 2, 8 pp., June 1962. Licensing and Exchange Controls --Republic of Guinea, Operations Report No, 62-27, WTIS Part 2, 4 pp., 10 cents, May 1962. 10 cents, ZOOPLANKTON: Sound Scattering Layers and the Vertical Distribu- Beklemishev, Trans-109, 23 pp., processed. (Translated from the Russian Uspekhi Sovremennoi Biologii, vol. 41, no. 1, 1956.) U.S. Navy Hydro- graphic Office, Washington, DiiC:, 1962: CORRECTION In the July 1962 issue, page 130, under the heading: INTER- NATIONAL COMMISSIONS, a review of the "Report by the Presi- dent on the Ninth Meeting of the Permanent Commission Held in Copenhagen, May 1961," showed the wrong address for the Com- mission, The correct address is: Office of the Permanent Com- mission, East Block, Whitehall Place, London SW1, England. The Commission's financial year 1960 ended on 30th June and not 30th July as reported in the Review. SUCTION DREDGE This is a special type of capturing device used almost solely inthe oyster industry. The oysters are removed from the bottom and brought tothe surface by action of suction ap- plied to the dredge head which is connected to a power pump on board the dredge vessel. Suction dredge. Note: Excerpt from Circular 109, Commercial Fishing Gear of the United States, for sale from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C., single copy, 40 cents. Editorial Assistant--Ruth V. Keefe Compositors--Jean Zalevsky, Alma Greene, Helen Paretti, and Raie Carron kook ok ke xe kK kik Photograph Credits: for each photograph in this issue. Page by page, the following list gives the source or photographer Photographs on pages not mentioned were obtained from the Service's file and the photographers are unknown. Pp. 23, 31, 32 & 35--F. B. Sanford and C. F. Lee; p. 36--Andrew L. Pinto; p. 47--A. Finch; p. 49 (fig. 1)--A. Glanville and fig. 2--S. Bunnag, FAO; p. 50--United Nations; p. 52--Turistforeningen for Denmark; p. 65--Mil- ton J. Lindner, U. S. Embassy, Mexico. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. Price 60 cents (single copy). Subscription Price: $5.50 a year; $2 additional for foreign mailing. a ROBERT H GIBBS Ja COMMERCIAL ZEW L FISHERIES &i8 fa GF Fie os “oe Be e, a | a Ue & Ny oe oA = Bet fp Poke arpa 4 ve; - VOL. 24 NO.11 NOVEMBER 1962 FISH and WILDLIFE SERVICE United States Department of the Interior W ashington, D.C. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, SECRETARY FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE CLARENCE F. PAUTZKE, COMMISSIONER (ar (fina alll ad ralinte [rere wa BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES DONALD L. MCKERNAN, DIRECTOR DIVISION OF RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT RALPH C. BAKER, CHIEF i iad lt oe") A review of developments and news of the fishery industries prepared in the BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES. Joseph Pileggi, Editor Address correspondence and requests to the: Chief, Branch of Market News, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U. S. Department of the Interior, Washington 25, D. C. Publication of material from sources outside the Bureau is not an endorsement. The Bureau is not responsible for the accuracy of facts, views, or opinions contained in materialfrom outside sources. reference to the source is appreciated. Budget, May 10, 1960. MCA MEIER neta ALOR NE oe 5/31/03), CONTENTS COVER: Part of the Capetown fleet engaged in the South African spiny lobster fishery. Most of the vessels are of wood, 50 to 60 feet long. Each vessel carries 4 to 6 wood- en dinghies and a crew of 12 to 16 men. The Republic of South Africa's annual production of spiny lobster tails is about 7 million pounds. (See p. 12 of this issue.) Page i's 12. Page iio Niven Lie CRs alien: 25) 0 Ze wene PORT 23.0. 24... 24.. 25... TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS: Alaska: Court Ruling Allows Alaska to Tax Freezer - ships Operating in Bristol Bay Alaska Fisheries Exploration and Gear Re- search: Stocks of King Crabs Located near Kodiak California: Pelagic Fish Population Survey Continued Midwater Trawling for Salmon Fingerlings Continued Annual Salmon Spawning Survey Started Cans--Shipments for Fishery Products, January-July 1962 Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations: First Raft Expedition to Study Fish Behavior near Ocean Flotsam Machine Tabulating Equipment Used to Ana- lyze Cruise Observations Fishy Odors and Flavors: Contract Study Completed Great Lakes Fishery Investigations: Lake Trout Distribution Studies in Western Lake Superior Continued Gulf Exploratory Fishery Program: Shrimp Marking Study in Gulf of Mexico Con- tinued Clam and Scallop Distribution in Northwest- ern Gulf of Mexico Studied Page 26.. 20am 2BRaT CAEN SONeh Ora 32 hits Ose 34.. SA SORere Although the contents of the publication have not been copyrighted and may be reprinted freely, Use of funds for printing this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the -Progress Report on Midwater Trawling Studies Carried Out off the New England Coast in 1961 by M/V Delaware, by Warren F. Rathjen and L. A. Fahlen -The Stockfish and Spiny Lobster Fisheries of South Africa, by Albert C. Jensen TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Gulf Fishery Investigations: Shrimp Distribution Studies Industrial Fishery Products: U. S. Fish Meal and Solubles, Production and Imports, Jan.-Aug. 1962 U. S. Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles: Production, August 1962 Major Indicators for U. S. Supply, September 1962 Nautical Charts: Folded Intracoastal Charts for Small Craft Navigation North Atlantic Fisheries Exploration and Gear Research: Otter-Trawl Net with Electric Field Tested Commercial Fishing Potential of Ocean Perch off Novia Scotia Studied North Atlantic Fisheries Investigations: Distribution and Abundance Studies of Sea Scallops on Georges Bank Continued Fluke Tagging Experiment North Pacific Exploratory Fishery Program: Oceanic Fish Survey and Midwater Trawl Tests off Pacific Northwest and California Coasts Continued Shrimp Distribution off Vancouver Island Studied Contents continued page II. II Page 36... SY a6 38... 39ir. 39... 39... 40.. 41... 41)... 41.. 42.. BoM: 42.. AS 45... 46a-4. 46.. 46 o-: tana Aili en CEE 48.2 48... 49... DOR 50... OL. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No.11 CONTENTS (CONTINUED) TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Oceanography: New Coast and Geodetic Survey Research Vessels Peirce and Whiting New Oceanographic Research VesSel near Completion Oregon: Fish Passage Projects of New Salmon Re - habilitation Program Completed Obstacle to Oceanbound Migrant Salmon I e- moved Public Hearing Held on Dungeness Crab Fishing Regulations Oysters: Long Island Sound Observations on Spawning and Setting as of September 19, 1962 Maryland Observations on Spawning and Setting as of September 18, 1962 Poor Crop of James River Seed Oysters Predicted After Setting Failure Pollution: New Laboratory to Study Salt-Water Quality Standards .New Laboratory to Study Fresh-Water Quality Standards Scientific Vessel Conducts Water Pollution Control Research in Lake Michigan Refrigerated Sea Water: Refrigerated Sea Water Tank Installed in Ocean Perch Fishing Vessel Shrimp: United States Shrimp Supply Indicators, September 1962 South Atlantic Exploratory Fishery Program: Royal-Red Shrimp and Calico Scallop Ex- plorations off Florida's East Coast South Carolina: Fisheries Biological Research Progress, July-September 1962 Standards: Voluntary Standards and Inspection Program for Fishery Products Transportation: Selected Ocean Freight Rates for Certain Fishery Products Tuna: Production and Marketing Problems Discussed at Second Japan-United States Conference Proposed Japanese -United States Tuna Venture in California Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Tuna Fore- casting and Behavior Programs U. S. Fishing Vessels: Fisheries Loan Fund and Other Financial Aid for Vessels, July 1-September 30, 1962 First Fishing Vessel Construction with Aid of Government Subsidy U. S. Foreign Trade: Edible Fishery Products: July 1962 August 1962 Airborne Imports of Fishery Products: January-May 1962 January-June 1962 Virginia: I Study of Effects of Man-Made Wastes on Marine Animals Pag 52... 54.. (hia TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Wholesale Prices: Edible Fish and Shellfish, September 1962 FOREIGN: International: Tuna: U. S. Interior Department Officials Partic- ipate in United States-Japan Conference in Tokyo General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade: Effects of Nontariff Measures on Fishery Trade Studied European Free Trade Association: Norway Cuts Tariffs on Imports from Other EFTA Countries Food and Agriculture Organization: Fishing Methods and Gear Seminar and Study Tour in U.S.S.R. Recommendations Made at World Scientific Meeting on Biology of Sardines Being Carried Out International Labor Organization: Work Conditions of Commercial Fishermen Reviewed UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission: Second Session Held in Paris Working Group Plans Programs for Trop- ical Atlantic Investigations Coordination Group on the International Cooperative Investigations of the Tropical Atlantic Meets Fish Meal: World Production, July 1962 Belgium: Japanese Canned Tuna Prices, Mid-Septem- ber 1962 Frozen Fish Market Brazil: Fisheries Trends, August 196z Canada: West Coast Vessels Enter Tuna Fishery off Southern California and Mexico British Columbia's Record Pack of Canned Pink Salmon Government Liberalizes Fishing Vessel Subsidy Regulations by Dropping Vessel Replacement Provision Colombia: National Fishing Exposition to be Held November 20-30, 1962 Cuba: Fishing Port to be Built by Soviets Soviet-Bloc Fishery Technicians in Cuba Denmark: Fish Fillets and Blocks and Fishery Indus- trial Products Exports, July 1962 To Manufacture Food for Rainbow Trout Growers Fisheries Trends, January-June, 1962 Faroe Islands: Fisheries Trends, Early September 1962 German Federal Republic: Japanese Canned Tuna Prices Greece: New Mechanical Device for Hauling in Purse- Seine Nets Invented by Shipowner Contents continued page II. November 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW III CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Page Page FOREIGN (Contd.): FOREIGN (Contd.): Greece (Contd.): Mexico: 67.. Freezer-Trawler Fleet Expanded 80.. West Coast 1962/63 Shrimp Fishing Season 68 .. New Fish Cannery to be Built Delayed by Vessel Tie-Up Guatemala: Portugal: 68 .. Joint Japanese-Guatemala Firm Fishing 81 Canned Fish Exports, January-June 1962 Shrimp off Central America 82 Canned Fish Pack, January-June 1962 Iceland: 82 Modern Fishing Base Planned 68... Fisheries Trends, Early September 1962 South Africa Republic: 68... Seeks U. S. Loan to Aid Fish-Processing 82 Plans to Extend Territorial Fishing Limits Plants to 12 Miles 69.. Exports of Fishery Products, January-July Switzerland: 1962 83... Japanese Canned Tuna Prices, Mid-September 69... Utilization of Fishery Landings, January- 1962 May 1962 Saudi Arabia: G0) 5 o Fishery Landings by Principal Species, Gis) 6 4 Authorizes Import of Japanese Canned Saury January-May 1962 United Kingdom: Japan: 83... Fishery Loans Interest Rates Revised 70.. Tenth Sale of Canned Tuna in Brine for Ex- Venezuela: port to the U. S. 83... Japanese Fishing Firm not Able to Rotate 70.. Packers Seek Removal of Restrictions on Tuna Technicians in Venezuela U. S. Imports of Canned Tuna FEDERAL ACTIONS: 70 .. Canned Tuna Industry Trends, August 1962 Department of Commerce: 71.. Claims Mount Against Japanese Frozen Area Redevelopment Administration: Yellowfin Tuna Exports to the United States 85... Industrial Loan to Maine Fishery Firm pueage Sluggish Frozen Tuna Market Causes Concern Approved Yaa Second Japan-United States Tuna Meeting as toe Industrial Loan to Washington Oyster Firm Reported by Japanese Approved Wd exes Regulations on Landing and Transfer of Tuna Department of Health, Education and Welfare: Catches Relaxed by Japanese Government Food and Drug Administration: 73... Frozen Tuna Exports to Europe and Africa, 86.. Canned Tuna Labels Must Say "Light" or April-July 1962 "Dark" 73... Direct Frozen Tuna Exports from Atlantic 86.. Use of Hydrogenated Sperm Oil Permitted Tuna Vessels to European and African as Food Additive Countries, 1961 Department of the Interior: 73... One District to Expand Skipjack Tuna Fishery Fish and Wildlife Service: 73... Tuna Landings by Species, 1955-61 Bureau of Commercial Fisheries: 73... Tuna Fishing Forecast for Pacific Ocean, 87... Proposed Yellowfin Tuna Conservation September 1962 Regulations for Eastern Pacific 74.. Another Firm to Start American Samoan Department of the Treasury: Fishing Operations in January 1963 Coast Guard: 74.. Tuna Vessel Demonstrates Efficiency of 92 Plans for Full-Time Fisheries Patrol Ves- Power Block sel for Georges Bank ime Tuna Industry Trends 92. Eighty-Seventh Congress (Second Session) Wo. Views on North Pacific Halibut Research Adjourns 78. Frozen Swordfish Exports to United States FISHERY INDICATORS: 78 . Frozen Octopus Exports to U. S. and Canada 100 .. Chart 1 - Fishery Landings for Selected States 78. Fish Meal Factoryship to Operate off Angola 101 Chart 2 - Landings for Selected Fisheries 78. Transistorized Depth-Finder Developed by 102 Chart 3 - Cold-Storage Holdings and Freezings Japanese Firm of Fishery Products Ole Stern Trawler Launched 103 Chart. 4 - Receipts and Cold-Storage Holdings Wc Considers Russian Trawl Fishing Methods of Fishery Products at Principal Distribution in Gulf of Alaska Outdated Centers 79. More Japanese Views on Second United 103 Chart 5 - Fish Meal and Oil Production - U. S. States-Japan Tuna Meeting and Alaska Kuwait: 104 Chart 6 - Canned Packs of Selected Fishery 80 Shrimp Producing Potential Surveyed by Products United States Firm 105 Chart 7 - U.S. Fishery Products Imports RECENT FISHERY PUBLICATIONS: Fish and Wildlife Service Publications Miscellaneous Publications For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. Price 60 cents (single copy). Subscription Price: $5.50 a year; $2 additional for foreign mailing. November 1962 Washington 25, D. C. Vol. 24, No. ll PROGRESS REPORT ON MIDWATER TRAWLING STUDIES CARRIED OUT OFF THE NEW ENGLAND COAST IN 1961 BY M/V DELAWARE By Warren F. Rathjen* and L. A. Fahlen* ABSTRACT Experiments with midwater trawling gear were conducted in 1961 by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries with the research vessel Delaware. The principal objective of work in 1961 was to modify midwater trawling gear so that it could be controlled accurate - ly. A depth-sounder transducer was mounted on the headrope of a trawl to allow a con- stant check to be made on the relation of the net to the bottom and to fish schools, In limited fishing trials, carried out with the transducer-equipped net, over 25 species of ma- rine animals were sampled. Atlantic herring were caught in amounts up to 4,500 pounds per tow. Other commercially -desirable species taken included whiting (silver hake), mackerel, and butterfish, The midwater gear experiments and explorations are scheduled to continue. INTRODUCTION Widespread interest has developed and been maintained during the past decade in finding and using various fishery resources known to occur in mid-depths of the oceans.!/ Ordinary fishing techniques, such as Seining and trawling, are for the most part applicable only insit- uations where the fish sought can be seen from the vessel or the air (as in seining) or are known to be close to or on the bottom (as in otter trawling). Some fish occurring in mid- depths have been harvested by gill nets, traps, long lines, and a few other types of gear, but more versatile gear for the midwater depths has long been needed. Recent encouraging catches of fish by midwater trawls in the northeastern Pacific and off northern Europe have aroused interest in possible uses for this gear in other areas of the world, including the waters off the northeastern states of the United States. Several workers (including Parrish 1959, Schaefers and Powell 1958, and Steltner 1961) have stressed that development of midwater trawling techniques depends largely on two fac- tors: (1) finding the fish, or other marine life, in the mid-depths; and (2) controlling the fish- ing depth of the gear. Finding concentrations of marine animals has been made less difficult by the develop- ment and use of sonic fish-finding devices (Kristjonsson 1959); and several ways of position- ing the trawl in the proper depth have been developed in the past several years (Smith 1957, McNeeley 1958). But a means of controlling the trawl so that it stays in the desired depths has only been developed recently (Scharfe 1960). The studies under discussion here were started early in 1961 by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Principal immediate objective was to obtain gear that could be placed in position and controlled readily. The experiments were designed, also, as part of a larger-scale study having the ultimate objective of establishing the availability, to com- mercial fishermen, of stocks of fish or invertebrates (shrimp and other animals) capable of supporting fisheries off the northeastern United States. *Fishery Methods and Equipment Specialists, Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research Base, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Gloucester, Mass. 1/"Mid-depths" and "mid-depths resources"--also "midwater" and "midwater resources"--are terms used in this report to denote all layers and resources of the sea from just below the sea surface to immediately above the sea bottom. U. S,. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE SEP. NO. 659 2 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 11 BACKGROUND Several years ago Barraclough and Johnson (1956, 1960) developed a one-vessel mid- water trawl that proved successful in British Columbia waters. Schaefers and Powell (1958) used similar trawls and controlled their position in the water with a Bureau-designed depth indication device (McNeely 1958). More recent developments in midwater gear design have come from European experi- ments described by Scharfe (1960). Scharfe mounted a depth-sounder transducer on the head- rope of the trawl to aid in orienting the gear during tows. This and other techniques have since been modified and used successfully in Bureau studies in the Gulf of Mexico (Bullis 1961). Off the New England coast, various approaches to one-vessel midwater trawling have been attempted from time to time. Single-vessel trawls were used by the Bureau as sam- pling gear as early as 1956 in herring surveys off Maine, and a few early attempts were made by the Bureau to develop a controllable trawl for use with commercial draggers. The attempts were terminated, however, owing to the lack of proper instrumentation, time, and facilities at that time. COVERAGE In 1961, primary effort was devoted toward obtaining and adapting gear and establishing techniques to be used in a long-term effort aimed at defining midwater resources. Four cruises by the Delaware were carried out (table 1) with main stress on adapting suitable mid- water trawls and gaining familiarity with fish-finding techniques (U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service 196la, b, c, e). Secondary effort was devoted to supplementary sampling techniques, i.e., night-light collections and gill-net sampling. Table 1 - Midwater Trawl Cruises of the M/V Delaware, 1961 Principal Species No. of Midwater | Average Time} Represented Cruise No. Area Date Sea re s Trae Tows| Per Tow in Catches Nantucket Light Vessel -| Jan..23'-Feb. 2, 1961 60 minutes | Silver hake, butter- Hudson Canyon fish, scup, spiny dogfish, Atlantic mackerel Gulf of Maine - May 24-June 7, 1961 60 minutes | Herring, mackerel, N. Georges Bank silver hake Gulf of Maine and July 6-14, 1961 60 minutes | Spiny dogfish, At- Georges Bank lantic herring, sil- ver hake, butterfish, Atlantic mackerel, alewife Gulf of Maine - Oct. 10-18, 1961 90 minutes | Haddock (young of Georges Bank- year), silver hake, Nantucket Shoals butterfish, herring, dogfish, shrimp During the four cruises, the midwater trawl gear was set only 40 times. Twoadditional sets with the gear were made on a herring survey cruise (Delaware 61-15) near Mt. Desert Island off the coast of Maine (U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service 19614). METHODS AND MATERIALS Early in 1961, limited trials were made with a standard No. 36 eastern otter trawl of 23 -inch-mesh webbing. To allow for an extension or underhang in the lower leading portion of the net, the trawl was fished upside down with 50 floats on what would otherwise have been the footrope. Also used in a few early trials was a 40-foot square sampling net''’ made of 5-inch-mesh webbing. Both trawls were fished with 14-fathom legs and 33z- by 63-foot brack- et doors. Trawl depth was determined, roughly, from a curve of vessel speed and tow warp November 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 3 length that was obtained in gear trials, with a vessel riding over the towed net recording the depth of the trawl headrope at varying speeds and with varying lengths of wire out. (This technique has been described by Scharfe.) Results from these early trials made it obvious that more elaborate gear and equipment was necessary. In particular, gear was needed that could be controlled accurately, and equip- ment was needed that would allow such control and give a constant reading on (1) net depth and (2) relation of the net to the bottom and to fish schools. The European gear and equip- ment described by Scharfe (1960) appeared to fulfill these requirements. Trials of compara- ble gear were witnessed in the Gulf of Mexico, and soon after, similar gear was obtained for use with the Delaware. wi ld he 40 ja SOTA Fig. 1 - Diagram illustrating the midwater trawling system used during 1961 Delaware pelagic explorations. A transducer ismounted on the net and connected to the vessel through a net transducer cable. The approximate vertical and horizontal fields of the echo- ranging and echo-sounding equipment are shown. The complete system (fig. 1) consists of the net, doors, legs, warp, depth-recorder, and 2 transducers--one mounted on the headrope of the net and connected to the vessel by means of a conductor cable and the other mounted in the vessel hull. THE NET: The net is a modification of that described by Scharfe. It is built ona 2- seam design, of nylon webbing graded from 6-inch stretched measure in the mouth and wings to 1g-inches in the extension piece and cod end. The trawl is fitted with heavy nylonriblines and reinforcing lines. Headrope and footrope are both approximately 70 feet long. The meas- ured distance between headrope and footrope under fishing conditions varied from 30 to 42 feet depending on the speed of the towing vessel. 4 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 11 OTTER BOARDS AND LEGS: '"'Suberkrub" otter boards, developed in Hamburg, Ger- many, were used exclusively in tests with the 2-seam trawl. The boards are of hydrofoil Fig. 2 - "Suberkrub"'-type otter board outboard of the after- gallows of the Delaware. These boards are fished in the ver- tical position, as illustrated. With them rapid changes can be made in the depth of a midwater trawl by altering the Tepem. Of the vessel's engine. Three legs lead from the doors to the trawl. a) ; as 4 Fig. 4 - Depth gunedncee Egan aaguneds on the headrope of the midwater trawl. A conventional transducer is mounted in wood blocks at the center of the board. The junction box be- tween transducer and cable is filled with silicone compound. The transducer cable is covered with a rubber hose at net to help reduce the effect of possible chafing. design and, as described by Scharfe, con- sist of cylinder segments. Those used meas- ured 33 by 8 feet and weighed 480 pounds each. The boards fish with their longest dimension in a vertical plane (fig. 2), contrast to conventional bottom trawl otter boards. They were connected to the trawl net by z-inch combination manila-wire rope legs that were 15 fathoms long. Three legs were used on each door--one attached to the headrope, one to the footrope or ground- line, and the third or middle leg to the side seam or "'gore"' of the trawl. Fig. 3 - Depressor used on each of the wing ends of midwater trawl. Depressors are cast of bronze and weigh approximately 45 pounds each. WEIGHTS AND FLOATS: The footrope of the trawl was weighted with mackerel seine leads, which had a total weight of about 40 pounds. One 45-pound depressor (fig. 3) was attached to the end of each wing to help spread the gear. Fifty 8-inch-diameter alu- minum floats were spaced evenly along the headrope. ECHO SOUNDING AND RANGING EQUIP- MENT: The most significant departures from conventional trawling gear and procedure were the addition and use of an unmodified standard depth-sounder transducer that was mounted on a board attached to the headrope of the net (fig. 4). A satisfactory watertight connection was made between the transducer and the 3- inch, rubber-covered, 2-conductor (No. 10) cable that led to the vessel by usinga bronze junction box filled with silicone paste. The transducer system gave no serious trouble during the experiments. November 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 5 The cable used measured over 200 fathoms in length and allowed the net to be operated at depths up to50 or 60 fathoms. It was cov- ered with a 30-foot section of rubber garden hose at the net end for protection against abrasion at the point where the transducer cable was’ seized to the headrope of the net. The cable was set and hauled back from a hydraulically-powered reel mounted on the stern of the Delaware (fig. 5). Avessel-mounted depth-sounder and re- corder designed specifically for fisheries work was used in conjunction with the net transducer arrangement. No modification was required to the recorder. By means of a simple switch in the pilothouse the record- er could be made to record either the netand hull transducers at the same time or the hull an ae - The Pyare a ees one reel mounted on stern transducer only. of M/V Delaware. A 2-conductor(No. 10) rmbber-covered elec- tric cable is used to transmit power to the transduceron the trawl. Simultaneous impulses to the net transducer and to a similar transducer mounted on the Delaware's hull yielded pilothouse recordings of water depths between net headrope and the bottom and vessel hull and bottom. Indications were also given as to the opening of the trawl (distance from the headrope to the footrope) and the presence or absence of fish schools, with- in or below the net (fig. 6). mer PRT r fait Bai zill ans a BOTTOM PROFILE FROM NET TRANSDUCER . BOTTOM PROFILE i ie Dye FROM VESSEL TRANSDUCER | 3 eae ae es z Z ¥ hy i 4 g. 6 - Reco Gain hel net over ie econ Constant indications are given of the net's position in , relation to the bottom, the presence of fish schools, and the size of the net opening (in this case about 40 feet between the headrope and footrope). This record was made along the northern edge of Georges Bank in June 1961 from the M/V Delaware. 6 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 11 Inaddition to vertical depth-sounding gear, echo-ranging or 'ASDIC"' equipment was also used to find concentrations of fish. This equipment operates in principle similar to that of the ASDIC equipment developed for submarine detection. Operational characteristics ofthe echo-ranging gear permit horizontal scanning of a zone up to 2,000 yards ahead or to either side of the vessel. FISHING RESULTS It became obvious early in the experiments that little in the way of catches could be an- ticipated unless the gear was set where positive indications of marine life appeared on the recorder or the echo-ranging screen. A need to relate the various echos received to actual catches also became obvious. The findings of Schaefers and Powell (1958), that certain types (species) of marine life display characteristics traces, seems verified, but success in asso- ciating these traces with actual organisms making them requires considerable interpretation. Although 30 species of fish and invertebrates (table 2) were represented in the small number of midwater catches made, only 5 species were represented in catches five or more times, and just 4 species were taken in amounts of over 100 ) Pounds per one-hour tow. Nev- ertheless, when fair to good signs of fish were indicated on the recording equipment, the gear used was usually effective. Table 2 - List of Species Taken in Midwater Trawl, M/V Delaware, 1961 Scientific Number of Tows Species Name Represented Fishes: I Atlantic herring Clupea harengus 13 Whiting (silver hake) Merluccius bilinearis ll Spiny dogfish American mackerel Butterfish Lumpfish Squalus acanthias Scomber scombrus Poronotus triacanthus Cyclopterus lumpus Blueback herring Longhorn sculpin Scup Atlantic wolffish Alosa aestivalis Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus Stenotomus chrysops Anarhichas | upas Goosefish Haddock Northern puffer Snipe eel Viperfish Lanternfish Melanogrammus aeglefinus Sphaeroides maculatus Nemichthys scolopaceus Chauliodus sloani’ Myctophum punctatum Notoccopelus sp. Hygophum sp. Pseudoscopelus altipinnis / / Chlorophthalmus agassizi / Nessorhamphus ingolfianus 1/ Ceratoscopelus maderensis HEL R}E 7 5 5 3 1 1 1 1 Lophius ar americanus 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Arthropoda Euphausids Nyctiphanes norvegica 4 Rhoda inermis 1 1 1 Amphipod Shrimp Ctenophora: Comb jelly Euthemisto compressa Pandalus borealis Pleurobrachia sp. 1 Annulata Sea worm Glycera sp. 1 Cephalopoda: Sea arrow Ommastrepnes illilebrosa 1 Squid Calliteuthis reversa 1 Octopus Alloposus mollis 1 1/No known common name. 1 ATLANTIC HERRING: Herring were taken in 13 of the tows completed, in amounts up to 4,500 pounds per one-hour tow (fig. 7). During cruise 61-8, schools of small herring were abundant along the northern edge of Georges Bank. After several trial tows, good catch- es of herring could be made consistently. Most of the herring schools were in 25 to 35 fath- oms of water. School depth (observed with echo-sounding gear and visually) varied from the surface to the bottom with time of day, state of tide, and other factors (fig. 8). Fig. 7 - Approximately 24 tons of midwater-trawl-caught herring aboard the Delaware. Catch was made in June 1961 along the northern edge of Georges Bank. Of particular interest were certain of the observations made possible by the presence of a transducer on the net. On several occasions fish were sonically determined to be at a cer- tain depth off the bottom when the Delaware passed over them. By the time the net reached the schools, the fish had sounded--in some cases as much as 10 fathoms. Movements of these fish must be anticipated and the net must be fished at the depth toward which the her - November 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 7 ring move. Herring were also observed swimming in the mouth of the trawl; when the speed of the vessel was increased, these fish were "flushed" into the cod end. Fig. 8 - Tracings indicating herring schools along northern edge of Georges Bank, June 1961. Depth of bottom, 32 fathoms, schools extended to about 15 fathoms over the bottom. WHITING (SILVER HAKE): Although whiting were never taken in great numbers (the best individual catch rate was only a- bout 30 pounds per hour), they were present in 11 tows, and on all 1961 pelagic fishing cruises. Commercial fishermen have noted that the whiting sometimes tend to rise off the bottom and enter mid-depths at night. This was observed during Cruise 61-11. The Delaware was allowed to drift among |the com- mercial whiting vessels from late afternoon on July 10 until morning on July 11 while depth-sounder recordings were made. Two one-hour midwater tows were made to sam- ple the schools indicated on the recorder (fig. 9). The resulting catches yielded only 15 to 20 pounds of small 5- to 10-inch whit- ing. Although the whiting were present in tidied = sa ale ea = ere some numbers in the mid-depths, they did Fig. 9A - Fish starting to rise off bottom in early evening on the not appear to be heavily concentrated at western edge of Georges Bank in about 43 fathoms. Recording was made while the Delaware was in the midst of the fishing that time. fleet as whiting were being taken, ie 8 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 11 SPINY DOGFISH: This species, presently regarded as a pest by New England fishermen, was taken on seven different occasions. Had dogfish been the object of trawling, little trouble would have been experienced in capturing almost unlimited numbers. Dogfish were especial- ly common in Massachusetts Bay from June through Octobér 1961 (fig. 10). Aside from the existing lack of commercial interest in them, dogfish are avoided because of the damage that heavy catches of dogfish can inflict on a trawl net, particularly on a light nylon midwater trawl. OTHER SPECIES: Mackerel as large as 10 inches long were taken on five occasions. Mackerel as large as 10 inches long were taken on five occasions. Best catch was roughly 100 pounds. Butterfish were present in 5 tows, but only in small numbers. Other species represented in catches and the frequency of their occurrence are listed in table 2. Onecatch of 500 pounds of euphausids (krill) resulted from a short (less than one-hour) tow off Mt. Desert Rock, Maine (fig. 11). DISCUSSION Accelerated worldwide interest in the ability to harvest fish with midwater trawl gear has led to new developments which make such harvesting more feasible. To date, the most obvious successes have been in the capture of various species of herring, certain other fishes November 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 9 % mer of 1961. A short tow (less than RAs Rie et ; RO santana Gash an Fig. 10 - Typical indications of dogfish (Squalus acanthias) in the Massachusetts Bay during the sum one-hour long) yielded 700 pounds of dogfish. related to herring, mackerel, and some of the hake. The difficulty in gaining capacity loads of fish in short periods has become a factor contributing to the present unstable economic condition of the New England trawl fishery. The midwater trawling technique offers the pos- sibility of increasing harvests in existing fisheries under some natural circumstances. Fish that leave the bottom during part of the day might possibly be fished profitably with midwater trawls. Such fishes include ocean perch (redfish), whiting, cod, haddock, pollock, scup, and butterfish. Other fish stocks in unknown supply, presently of no particular commercial in- terest, or not fully used, could be caught with midwater gear. Included here are, particularly, the herring, pilchard, shad, menhaden, and their close relatives, and the mackerel, spiny dog- fish, squid, and possibly even tuna. The limited amount of work accomplished so far indicates that the type of midwater trawl gear described has great potential usefulness in midwater trawl fisheries. Among the advan- tages are: (1) the ability to keep constant watch over the depth of the net and (2) the ability to adjust the depth of the net to compensate for changes in fishing depth due to wind, current, or tide changes during a tow. Observations made during the 1961 experiments indicate that changes in direction or speed of wind, current, or tide may affect the depth at which the trawl fishes. With the trans- ducer -equipped net, such affect can be readily detected. Depth corrections can then be made, 10 ‘COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 11 easily, by increasing the vessel speed. With the "suberkrub" doors used during the experi- ments, it was demonstrated that a slight change in r.p.m. would produce a rather marked change in fishing depth of the net; for example, in one instance, the net was raised 10 fathoms merely by increasing vessel r.p.m. from 160 to 180. There are also disadvantages in the gear system used. Some of these may be worked out in the near future. The need for a third wire to the net transducer is, perhaps, one of the greatest disadvantages. Handling the third wire during setting and hauling calls for extra care on the part of the captain and crew and imposes restrictions on the ability to fish in heavy weather. Fig. 11 - Depth recording made off Mt, Desert Rock (Maine) in September 1961, A midwater trawl tow, made coincident with the recording, yielded 500 pounds of euphausids and 15 pounds of small brit-size herring in less than one hour of fishing time. Finally, development of an effective gear system, alone, does not assure development of a fishery. Particular attention in the future must be given to finding concentrations of ma- rine animals and sampling them effectively. Supplementary gear may prove of value here, i.e., lift nets, long lines, gill nets, and lights. Detailed seasonal coverage must be obtained. Advanced concepts should also receive attention--among them electrical fields and their ap- plications to harvesting midwater resources. November 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW abil LITERATURE CITED BARRACLOUGH, W. E. and JOHNSON, W. W. 1956. A New Midwater Trawl for Herring, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Bulletin No. 104, 25 pp. 1960. Further Midwater Trawl Developments in British Co- lumbia, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Bul- letin No. 123, 45 pp. and NEEDLER, A. W. H. 1959. The Development of a New Herring Trawl for Use in Midwater or on the Bottom, Moder Fishing Gear of the World, Fishing News (Books) Ltd., London, pp. 351-356. BULLIS, HARVEY R., Jr. 1961. A Progress Report on Experimental Fishing for Sardine- Like Fishes in the Gulf of Mexico, Proceedings of | 1960, pp. 94-97. KRISTJONSSON, H, (EDITOR) 1959, Section Il - Detection of Fish, Modern Fishing Gear of the World, Fishing News (Books) Ltd., London, pp. 474-537. McNEELY, RICHARD L. 1958. A Practical Depth Telemeter for Midwater Trawls, Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 20, no. 9 (September), pp. 1-10. (Also Separate No. 522.) PARRISH, B. B. 1959. Midwater Trawls and Their Operation. Modern Fish- ing Gear of the World, Fishing News (Books) Ltd., London, pp. 333-343. SCHAEFERS, E. A., and POWELL, D. E. 1958. Correlation of Midwater Trawl Catches with Echo Re- cordings in the Northeastern Pacific, Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 20, no. 2 (February), pp. 7-15. (Also Separate No. 502.) SCHARFE, J. 1959, The Use of Echo Sounding as a Means of Observing the Performance of Trawling Gear, Modern Fishing Gear of the World, Fishing News (Books) Ltd., London, pp. 241-244, 1960. A New Method for "Aimed" One Boat Trawling in Mid- water and on the Bottom, Studies and Reviews, Gen- eral Fisheries Council for the Mediterranean, FAO, Rome, Italy, 38 pp. SMITH, KEITH A, 1957. An Experimental Air-Pressure Depth Meter for Use with Midwater Trawls, Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 19, no. 4(April), pp. 6-10. (Also Separate No. 474.) STELTNER, H. A. R. 1961. Proposed New Approach for Design of Midwater Trawl System, Canadian Fisherman (January), pp. 21-24. U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE 1961a. Survey of Midwater Stocks Initiated, Commercial Fisheries Review, |vol. 23, no. 4 (April), p. 26. 1961b. Midwater Trawling for Atlantic Herring Promising, Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 23, no. 8 (August), pp. 32-33. 1961c. Survey of Midwater Fishery Resources off New England Continued, Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 23, no. 9 (September), pp. 34-35. 1961d. Exploratory Fishing for Canning-Size Herring Unsuc- cessful, Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 23, no, 11 (November), pp. 25-26. Midwater Trawling Operations Completed for 1961, Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 23, no. 12 (December), p. 41. 196le. PICKS A pickis a two- or three-pronged in- strument set in a short wooden handle. It isusedin gathering of hardshell clams and oysters. Another instrument is known asa mussel pick. flattened at one end. The mussel pick is a rod It is used in gather- ing fresh-water mussels by inserting the rod betweenthe shellofthe mussel. vice similar to the mussel pick is some- times used in taking oysters. A de- Clam pick. Note: Excerpt from Circular 109, Commercial Fishing, Gear of the United States, for sale from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C., copy, 40 cents. single 12 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 11 THE STOCKFISH AND SPINY LOBSTER FISHERIES OF SOUTH AFRICA By Albert C. Jensen* ABSTRACT The stockfish (Merluccius capensis) is the most important species in the Repub- lic of South Africa's trawl fishery. Recent annual stockfish landings were on the or- der of 169 million pounds. The fish are caught by large otter trawlers with the bulk of the landings going to the fresh fish market, When the stockfish are dressed at sea, the entrails are saved for the oil and meal plants ashore and the heads are saved for bait in the spiny lobster fishery. During the unloading operations, great care is ex- ercised to insure the highest quality product possible. The fishery for the South African spiny or rock lobster (Jasus lalandii) is carried out with two-man dinghies tended by wooden-hulled vessels 50 to 60 feet long. The lobsters are caught in a conical, twine pot baited with stockfish heads, fish frames, or whole fish. Only the meaty tails of the spiny lobster are used. Over 90 percent of South Africa's production of 7 million pounds of spiny lobster tails is exported to the United States. INTRODUCTION During October-December 1961, I was an observer for the U. 5S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries aboard a U.S. Navy ship operating off the West Coast of Africa. As part of the cruise the ship visited several coastal cities including Capetown, Republic of South Africa. Thus, I was able to observe the shoreside operations of two of South Africa's most important marine fisheries. STOCKFISH FISHERY The otter-trawl fleet of the Republic of South Africa includes about 62 vessels, slightly more than half of which are based at Capetown. Although some 14 species of bony fishes are fi Raa ahaha Mate set ea _.. included in the catches of the : trawlers, the principal effort is directed toward the stockfish (Merluccius capensis). Recent annual stockfish landings were in excess of 169 million pounds. In second place for the landings by the trawlers was the maas- banker (Trachurus trachurus) with nearly 7 million pounds, and in third place was kingklip (Genypterus capensis) with slightly less than 3 million pounds. The stockfish closely resem- bles whiting or silver hake (Mer- luccius bilinearis), except that most of the fish I saw unloaded were larger than the usual com- mercial sizes of whiting in the United States. Many stockfish : —- seemed to be between 80 and 85 = Se : = centimeters (31.5-33.5 inches) Fig. 1 - A large otter trawler at the dock in Capetown, long with the heads on. Kingklip vessel is typical of the fleet that fishes for stockfish. resembles a red hake (Urophycis *Fishery Research Biologist, Biological Laboratory, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Woods Hole, Mass. = Cibteres cra aia U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE SEP. NO. 660 November 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 13 chuss) both in shape and color, but grows to larger size; some of the kingklip I examined ranged from 30 to 80 centimeters (11.8-31.5 inches) in length. It is eagerly sought for the fresh-fish trade and commands a good price in the market. FISHING VESSELS: The vessels I saw at Capetown were large, steel-hulled, about 150 feet long and resembled the large otter trawlers that fish out of Boston. They are powered by coal-fired reciprocating steam engines (since coal is relatively cheap in South Africa), al- though recently some thought has been given toward introducing Diesel-powered trawlers. The vessels have the conventional arrangements of winches, etc., but with gallows frames on the starboard side only. The crew numbers between 20 and 25 men, including 12 deckhands (fishermen), captain, mate, boatswain, one or more fishermen apprentices, cook and engine- room personnel. FISHING OPERATIONS: The Continental Shelf around South Africa is quite narrow, thus relatively little time is spent steaming to and from the grounds located about 50 miles off- shore, in about 300 fathoms. The vessels spend 53 days at sea, and fish during daylight hours only since the stockfish are off the bottom at night: and thus unavailable to otter-trawl gear. About 60 to 70 metric tons of fish constitutes a good trip. Fig. 2 - Unloading the catch of stockfish and other species. The Fig. 3 - The filled baskets of stockfish and other species caught wicker baskets are filled with fish by the hold-man and hoisted by the trawlers are placed on a mechanical conveyor that raises to the deck. them to the pier where the fish are sorted and boxed. The fishing operations are carried out generally about the same as they are aboard United States trawlers. The fish are gutted, beheaded, washed, and put below in the hold in pens with liberal quantities of ice. The stockfish heads also are iced below, while the liver and entrails are saved for the meal and oil plants ashore. Fish ovaries in a ripening condi- tion (''spawn'') are saved for the food market, and any octopus or squid are saved for the fish-bait market. (Incidentally, a favorite mug-up treat for the crew is a dish of boiled stock- fish tongues.) UNLOADING AND PROCESSING: The day I visited the fish pier six trawlers were tied up, some ready to unload. Ina good day, 200 tons of fish will be taken out, but the biggest 14 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 11 day is on Sunday when about 400 tons are unloaded. The unloading process is quite interest- ing, particularly to someone who has witnessed the treatment, including pitchforks, that is accorded fish at our New England fish piers. Aboard the vessel, the hold-man shovels the fish from the pens into wicker baskets about 3 feet long, 13 feet wide, and 1 foot deep. The shovel used is very much like the perforated ice shovel used aboard our trawlers. Great care is exercised in removing the fish from the pens. Any bruised or damaged fish are rejected by the fresh-fish market, and must go to be 5 ; 4 — rs a { >= f of i ‘ 4 Beas ES ‘ e ee : Fig. 4 - Sorting the stockfish and other species caught by the trawlers. The fish move on a conveyor belt and the men separate them by species. Any damaged fish are removed, the rest are packed in aluminum kits and shipped by truck or rail to mar- ket. salted and dried, or smoked. Ice is put in the wicker baskets to insure the continued fresh- ness of the fish during the unloading operations. This is especially important with the stock- fish which, like our whiting, tends to soften in a comparatively short time. The filled wicker baskets are hoisted out of the hold to the deck where they are placed on a conveyer belt that raises them to\thefishpier. Atthe topof the conveyer a worker dumps the basket into a hopper that separates the fish and ice. The ice drops into a separate trough while the fish move onto a horizontal conveyer belt that passes in front of a line of men. The men sort out the species and also reject any damaged fish. The fish are then placed in alu- minum fish boxes, each holding about 100 pounds, with plenty of ice. The boxes go immedi- November 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 15 ately into waiting refrigerated trucks or railroad cars and are transported directly to retail markets in Capetown and other parts of South Africa. In season, spawn is cello-wrapped for the retail markets. Throughout all of the fish handling operations the emphasis is on secur- ing the highest quality product possible. Rote a Fig. 6 - Boxes of stockfish heads ready to be loaded aaa a Fig. 5 - Piles of stockfish heads. The heads are packed in alu- spiny lobster vessel for bait. minum kits and taken to one of three markets, Some are smoked and sold for human food in other parts of Africa, some are used The stockfish heads are unloaded and sep- for bait in the spiny lobster fishery, and the rest go forreduction. = : : arated according to size. The smaller heads are sold to the spiny lobster fishery for bait; the larger heads are smoked and sold as food in other African nations. Ghana, for example, is an important customer for smoked stock- fish heads, and they are also popular in the interior sections of Africa. Any heads not used in either of these outlets go to the meal plant. Some of the slightly bruised or damaged stock- fish are smoked and sold in the retail markets as 'haddock.'' Stockfish (not suitable for the fresh fish or the haddock trade), maasbanker, and pilchards are salted and dried, and shipped as ''minefish'' to feed the workers in the South African gold and diamond mines. SPINY LOBSTER FISHERY The fishery for "kreef"!/ or spiny lobster (Jasus lalandii) began on a limited scale in South Africa before the beginning of the 20th Century but was not established on a sound ec- onomic basis until after World War II. Today, the annual production of frozen spiny lobster tails is about 7 million pounds. Fig. 8 - A spiny lobster vessel with a few crew members sersaan 4 around one of the dinghies used to tend the lobster pots. The Fig. 7 - Part of the Capetown fleet engaged in the South African pots, with their buoy lines and the strings of cork floats that form spiny or rock lobster fishery. the buoys, are draped over the boom. i/Afrikaans word for crayfish. 16 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 10 VESSELS AND FISHING OPERATIONS: The spiny lobster fleet that fishes out of Cape- town is composed of wooden vessels, 50 to 60 feet long, that resemble New England draggers in profile. Each vessel carries 4 to 6 wooden dinghies and a crew of 12 to 16 men. Theyfish days only, 30 to 40 miles offshore in about 15 fathoms. Some of the vessels stay out over- night, fish the morning of the second day, and return to unload their catch in the afternoon. The gear used is a conical, twine pot, to which is attached a length of buoy line and a marker buoy. When the boat reaches the fish- ing ground the dinghies, each manned by two men, are put over the side. Each dinghy fish- es eight pots. The pots are baited with stock- fish heads, pilchards, maasbankers, or fish frames, and set on the bottom. From time to time they are lifted and inspected, and any lob- sters in the pots are removed and placed ina bag hung over the side of the dinghy. <—TO SURFACE UNLOADING AND PROCESSING: At the end of the fishing period the catch from each dinghy is placed on ice in the hold of the ves- sel; about 100 pounds of lobsters constitutes a DOO oT u Fig. 10 - Sketch showing the way the pot rests on the bottom = when it is fishing. Stockfish heads or other bait are tied to the Fig. 9 - Diagram showing the shape and size of the spiny lobster mesh and the pot is raised periodically to remove any lobsters pot used by the Capetown fleet. that may have entered. fair trip. At the wharf, company-employed lumpers unload the trip of iced, but still living, lobsters, A man in the hold loads the lobsters into wicker baskets that are passed up by hand to the wharf and dumped into hand carts. At this point in the operation, inspectors hired by the fishing industry association check the lobsters for minimum size. The filled carts are then wheeled into a long, open concrete shed where workers separate the tails from the body. The tails are graded by weight, packed in cartons holding about 20 pounds, and frozen, with the bulk of the production (more than 90 percent) going to the United States. The remainder of the lobster body goes to the meal plant. November 1962 2 ae > = STRENDS => = AND a E DEVELOPMENTS & Alaska COURT RULING ALLOWS ALASKA TO TAX FREEZERSHIPS OPERATING IN BRISTOL BAY: An Alaska Court ruling probably will sub- ject freezerships operating in Bristol Bay to an Alaska license tax even ifthe freezerships take on fish at sea from catcher vessels. Ac- cording to the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Sept. 6, 1962, the First District Superior Court of Alaska ruledonSept. 5, 1962, that the terri- torial waters of Alaska in Bristol Bay are those waters within a line from Cape Newenham on the north side of Bristol Bay to Cape Menshi- kof on the Alaska Peninsula. A line from Cape Newenham to Cape Menshikof wouldpass at least 50 miles southwest of Nushagak Bay and would enclose all important salmon-fishing grounds in Bristol Bay. The Alaska legislature imposed a license tax in 1951 on freezerships and floating cold storages equal to 4 percent of the value of the fishery products frozen by the vessel. Most freezerships operating in Bristol Bay buy salmon for canneries in the State of Wash- ington. They move into Bristol Bay during the salmon season, take on a cargo of fish for freezing, and then return to their home ports where the fish are processed, RY A ws rr Alaska Fisheries Exploration and Gear Research STOCKS OF KING CRABS LOCATED NEAR KODIAK: M/V "Yaquina Cruise 62-1 (July 7-August 19, 1962): Possible commer cially-valuable stocks of king crabs were located asa result of exploratory fishing conducted by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries chartered fishing vessel Yaquina, during a cruise inthe vicinity of Kodiak. COMMRCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 17 ~ Combined trawl and king crab pot sampling was undertaken by the Yaquina ona six weeks exploration of potential king crab fishing grounds in the Portlock Bank area east of Ko- diak Island. Fig. 1 - The 75-foot Yaquina chartered by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries to conduct exploratory fishing surveys in Alaskan waters during 1962. Depths from 42 to 120 fathoms were sur- veyed for crabs ina series of 61 one-hour tows with a standard 400-mesh eastern otter trawl, The trawled zones found most productive of king crabs were then fished approximately 24 hours each with units of 15 standard, 6-foot, round king crab pots equipped with vertical tunnel openings. Pot sampling was accom- plished at 16 locations, Crabs were found on nearly all of 77 stations, representing prelim- inary examination of an area of about 5,500 square miles, Marketable crabs in commercial quantities (more than 30 crabs per pot) were found at depths from 46 to 82 fathoms in a submarine gully extending about 40 miles southeast from the vicinity of Cape Chiniak. The best catches here were made along the northeast side of the gully, increasing in quality and abundance pro- ceeding seaward and into deeper water, The average catch per pot of 48 pot sets in the 70- 18 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW to 82-fathom zone was 24 marketable male crabs averaging about 10 pounds each; the best catch by a single pot in Chiniak Gully was 58 such male crabs from 73 fathoms. 3 ) ee KODIAK CHINIAK aN “ - Penis eee - King crab pots | <— - Otter trawl. bh— - Sna | = Snag. - 50 fathoms. - 100 fathoms. =i - Best fishin (king Crab) Fig. 2 - Grounds fished by M/V Yaquina cruise 62-1 (July 7-Au- gust 19, 1962). Vessel operates from Juneau, Alaska, A second area of potential value to the commercial fishery during the summer pe- riod lies in a broad submarine gully at a- bout 20 miles due east of MarmotIsland, In this area 46 pots caught an average of 20 marketable crabs each, withina depth range of 59 to 94 fathoms, The best catch from a single pot here was a catch of 64 crabs. This pot was of amodified design and was fished in a depth of 92 fathoms, Trawl catches also yielded information on other potentially-important species, Pa- cific ocean perch were frequently taken at rates ranging from 1,000 to 5,500 pounds per hour. Also in abundance were rock sole, caught in amounts up to 1,800 pounds during a one-hour tow in the Chiniak Gully area at depths from 42 to 60 fathoms. Incidental to the exploratory operations, was the tagging and releasing of king crabs and halibut in cooperation with biologists of the Bureau and the International Pacific Hal- ibut Commission, Specimens of marine life were preserved for later study by cooper- ating scientists. The chart shows the grounds fished and shaded areas where commercial fishing of king crabs might be possible, Three otter - trawl drags and one pot station near 58°35! north latitude, 148930' west longitude, are not shown. These stations did not yield com- mercial quantities of crabs. Lv Vol. 24, No.11 California PELAGIC FISH POPULATION SURVEY CONTINUED: M/V “Alaska” Cruise 62-A-3 (July 16-Au- gust 14, 1962): The three objectives of this cruise were: (1) to determine if there were any traces of the sardine population that formerly migrated to the Pacific Northwest in summer, (2) catch live sardines for sub- population studies, and (3) collect other pe- lagic species for density and distribution studies, The sounds of western Vancouver Island and the coastal waters of Washington, Oregon, and central California were the areas — Esperanza Sound Nootka Sound Barkley Sound Washington Columbia River Oregon Cascade Head Legend: Catch Localities: X - Northern anchovy. V_ - Pacific herring. —-- - Survey area. Heceta Head Area of operations of M/V Alaska during cruise 62-A-3. explored by the California Department of Fish and Game research vessel Alaska during cruise 62-A-3, VANCOUVER ISLAND: No sardines were caught or observed off the Island. Night-light stations using a blanket net and visual scout- ing during both day and night failed to locate fish. Several fishermen reported seeing a few individual sardines in 1958, but most fishermen interviewed on this trip hadn't seen any for many years. November 1962 Pacific herring were abundant in the sounds and inlets. They were caught on 72 percent of the night-light stations and ranged from 60 to 200 millimeter (2.4to 8.0 inches) standard length. The blanket net appeared to be an excellent sampling tool for herring in this area. Up to 7,000 herring were taken in single sets, with catches averaging about 1,000 fish. Excellent sea conditions and fa- vorable fish behavior made the net effective. Large northern anchovies ranging from 142 to 165 millimeter (5.7-6.6 inches) standard length, were caught in Barkley Sound. Young silver salmon 115 to 382 millimeter (4,.6-15,3 inches) standard length were caught on 39 per - cent of the light stations. They were feeding on polychaete worms and small herring which were attracted tothe light. Uptoa half dozen were observedat once, butusually not more than two were caught in the net, WASHINGTON -OREGON-CENTRAL CALIFORNIA: No sardines were caught or observed in these areas. Light stations were much less productive than those off Vancou- ver Island. One sample of Pacific herring was caught by blanket net and a school group of large adults was observed off Cascade Head, Oregon. A single albacore tuna was caught 65 miles west of the Columbia River. Catch Summary of Cruise 62-A-3 by M/V Alaska Except for central California, fair weath- er prevailed over the areas surveyed dur- ing the cruise. Sea-surface temperatures ranged from 67.19 F. (19.5° C.) at Esper- anza Sound to 52.20 F, (11.29 C.) off Cape San Martin. Temperatures in the sounds of Vancouver Island dropped sharply within a few feet of the surface. bd Eset sures M/V "Alaska Cruise 62-A-4 (August 22- September 7, 1962): To evaluate a midwater trawlasa tool for sampling the pelagic en- vironment in coastal waters (including those around the Channel Islands between Point Hueneme and San Diego) and to develop tech- niques for handling the gear on future sea sur- veys were the principal objectives of this cruise by the California Department of Fish and Game research vessel Alaska. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 19 Point Hueneme Santa Cruz Island @Bs J P ~\ Santa Monica Legend; 7 - Midwater trawl station. S - Sardine, adult - Anchovy, postlarvae A - Anchovy, adult - Jack mackerel, juvenile. J - Jack mackerel, adult. - Pacific mackerel, juvenile. P - Pacific mackerel, adult. ®- Bonito, postlarvae. B - Bonito, adult. Santa Catalina Island San Clemente Island Oceanside # Area of operations of M/V Alaska during cruise 62-A-4, The midwater trawl is constructed witha square mouth opening of 63 feet on each side, The over-all length is 160 feet and the mouth, breast, and lead lines are 91 feet long. The wings and body are made from 43-inch mesh webbing; the intermediate section is made from 3-, 2-, and 1-inch mesh, and the cod end, from 3-inch mesh. The net is 1,200 meshes in circumference behind the wings. All netting and lines are made of nylon. The net is held open by quarter doors attached to the four corners ofthe net. Each quarter door i is 32 by 48 inches, and is con- structed of 14-inch marine plywood, The quar - ter doors are bridled with 45 fathoms of 5/16- inch cable, Two regular trawl doors areat- tached at the apex of the bridles, and provide the downward pull to sink the net to the de- sired fishing depth, The net operated quite well during the cruise and only minor adjustments were nec- essary to produce the maximum attainable spread, The net spread to an opening of 35 to 40 feet, with all doors stable, That spread 20 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW was not as great as hoped for, because the wing meshes were not opening properly. The wings are to be redesigned in an attempt to increase the net opening, The twin-engine Beechcraft owned by the California Fish and Game Department was used during the last two days of the cruise to locate fish schools, and to guide the Alas- ka over them. Fog limited those operations to the afternoons during both days. The plane used in conjunction with the cruise spotted several small schools, but the lack of maneuverability of the net and the speed of the schools prevented success in catching any fish. A total of 39 tows was made under a va- riety of conditions. Most of the tows were made at or near the surface, A few tows were made at depths up to 100 fathoms, Some tows were made in clear offshore wa- ters, others in the shallow, turbid water near the coast. The amount of fish caught in a haul varied from nothing to 3 tons of fish. On the aver- age, catches were small, with a few dozen fish being the general rule, Adult bonito were caught in 10 tows, in amounts ranging from 2 to 118 fish. Young jack mackerel were netted in 17 tows. Adult jack mackerel were caught in 5 tows, in- cluding 1 tow which yielded about 50 pounds (1,500 fish) of mixed adult and young fish. Adult and young Pacific mackerel were each taken in another tow. A single adult sardine was found ina mixed haul of jack mackerel and jack smelt from Los Angeles harbor. Post larval anchovies were found hung upin the net meshes on 5 tows, and about 3 tons of adult anchovies were caught on 1 tow. A number of less important species were caught fre juently, Bat rays were caught in tows, molas in 5, and medusafish in 6. Two samples of jack smelt yielded about 175 fish each, and young Pacific hake were caught in 2 tows. Invertebrates comprised a prominent part of the catch on this cruise. About 500 pounds of large jellyfish were collected on several tows, and large numbers of salps were frequently found in the cod end and hung up in the net mesh. Smallamounts of several species of squid were caught oc- casionally, Vol. 24, No.11 Preliminary tows made on the cruise showed considerable promise for the midwa- ter trawl as a sampling tool. The ability of the net to sample fast-moving bonito, its abil- ity to catch a large sample of a dense concen- tration of anchovies, and its ability to collect consistent samples of young jack mackerel all demonstrated its effectivenessasa sam- pling tool, There are plans to test the net further during the fall months of 1962 so as to compare catches made using a blanket net with those made using the midwater trawl. %* ok oe ok ok Airplane Spotting Flight 62-8-Pelagic Fish (August 7-9, 1962): To determine the distri- bution and abundance of pelagic schools, the inshore area from tne United States-Mexican Border to Bolinas Bay was surveyed from the air by the California Department of Fish and Game's Cessna '182" 9042T, The first day's survey covered the area from Los Angeles Harbor to Point Conception. Seven anchovy schools were sighted below Point Dume, and in the area between Port Hueneme and Gaviota, there were 173 an- chovy schools. So far this year the schools in that area, have been for the most part, be- tween 1 and2 miles offshore. Onthis spotting flight, the schools were very close (200 to 300 feet) to shore, and some were strung out along shore for about one-half mile. Where kelp beds were present, which is common in that area, the schools were between the inner edge of the kelp and shore. On the second day of the flight, the area from Bolinas Bay to Point Sal was surveyed. The aircraft started at Moss Landing and flew along the coast to Bolinas Bay. Between the Pajaro River and Bolinas Bay, 519 schools of anchovies were counted, Between Half Moon Bay and the Pajaro River, 437 schools were counted, and 78 between Half Moon Bay and Bolinas Bay. What was believed to be four anchovy schools were sighted off Angel Island in San Francisco Bay. Red tide was prevalent in Monterey Bay, and was espec- ially heavy from Santa Cruz to Moss Land- ing, There were numerous anchovy schools in the same area, It seemed that if they were not in the red tide, they were beneath it, Eighty-eight schools were counted from Pfieffer Point to Cape San Martin. From San Simeon to Pismo Beach, 272 anchovy schools were observed--189 of them inEs- tero Bay. In the cove above Gamboa Point, November 1962 four purse seiners were reported to be look- ing for sardines. One boat was making a set but there were no fish in the net. On the last day of the survey, the area from Redondo Beach to the United States - Mexican Border was covered, Eight anchovy schools were noted off Rock Point and one at Los Angeles Harbor. Two schools were seen off Bolsa Chica (Tin Can) Beach and six off Newport Pier. Off Capistrano Pier, 13 schools appeared to be mixed in with the red tide. A total of 57 anchovy schools were ob- served between Camp Pendleton and ''The Barn.'' The usual concentration of ancho- vies was sighted between San Diego and the United States-Mexican Border where 62 schools were counted. Traces of red tide were also seen in that area, No sardine or mackerel schools were seen on any days of the flight. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1962 p. 11. CORT RO: cg COS. OK OK OOK OOK ook MIDWATER TRAWLING FOR SALMON FINGERLINGS CONTINUED: M/V “Nautilus” Cruise 62-N-8a-Salmon (August 7-10, 1962) and 62-N-8b (August 20- 24, 1962): Mid-water trawl operations in the Car- quinez Strait for marked salmon finger- lings on their seaward migration were con- tinued by the California Department of Fish and Game research vessel Nautilus. Anylon midwater trawl with 25-foot square opening was used, Trawling in Carquinez Strait was con- ducted between 8 a.m. and 3 p.m. and each tow was for 20 minutes. All tows wereal- Other Species Caught by the Nautilus on Cruises 62-N-8a and 8b orthern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) 134,000 est. Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) 1,500 est. acksmelt (Atherinopsis californiensis) 1, 300 est. Striped bass (Roccus saxatilis) 368 American shad .(Alosa sapidissima) 161 Sacramento smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys).... 84 King salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) urfsmelt (Hypomesus pretiosus) Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii) hite croaker (Genyonemus lineatus) ite sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) hite catfish (Ictalurus catus) PRR RP RPP WwW Pp COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 21 ternated between upstream and downstream, and between the north shore, center, and south shore of the channel. A total of 101 tows completed in the Strait during the cruises yielded a catch of only 19 king salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). No marked salmon were caught. Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) was a new species appearing for first time since mid-water trawling by the Nautilus began on April 10, 1961. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1962 p. 10. Cee ie CMS ANNUAL SALMON SPAWNING SURVEY STARTED: The annual survey of California's salmon spawning stock on all salmon streams in the Central Valley was started on October 1, 1962, by the California Department of Fish and Game. It will continue through the middle of January 1963. Most of California's salmon sport fish- ery is in the survey area which extends from Redding south into the San Joaquin Val- ley. Fourteen State fish and game assistants and fisheries men were scheduled to work full time on the project during the survey period, The annual survey is made to estimate the number of king salmon spawners, their spawn- ing success and distribution in the streams, and to detect any adverse conditions affecting California's salmon resource, The survey includes aerial counts of individual spawning beds and of concentrations of spawning fish. Because salmon die after spawning, ground observers keep a count of spawned-out salm- on carcasses so as to avoid duplication, California's annual salmon spawning sur- vey furnishes much of the basic information needed for managing its salmon resource, and provides data needed to evaluate water project developments which affect salmon, 22 Cans--Shipments for Fishery Products, January-July 1962 The amount of steel and aluminum con- sumed to make cans shipped to fish and shell- fish canning plants during January-July 1962 was 4.5 percent above that used during the same period in 1961, Prior to this year, the figures covered only tinplate cans, but be- ginning with January 1962 ‘aluminum cans are included. It is believed that only a smalla- mount of aluminum is being used in cans used for fishery products at present. A total of 1,827,187 base boxes of steel (tinplate) and aluminum were used in the manufacture of cans shipped to fishery plants during the first seven months of 1962, where- as in the same period of 1961 (when only tin- plate was/reported), 1,747,703 base boxes of steel were consumed, The increase was mainly due to larger packs of Maine sar- dines, shrimp, salmon, and tuna during 1962. Note: Statistics cover all commercial and captive plants known to be producing metal cans. A ''base box" is an area 31, 360 square inches, equivalent to 112 sheets 14"x20" size. The 1962 data are derived by use of the factor 21.8 base boxes per short ton of steel. Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations FIRST RAFT EXPEDITION TO STUDY FISH BEHAVIOR NEAR OCEAN FLOTSAM: Raft "Nenue" (September 26-October 13, 1962): A new and unique floating laboratory consisting of a 12-foot square raft called the Nenue was recently used off the Kona coast of Hawaii to study the makeup and be- havior of the mixed fish communities which form under drift logs and other flotsam in the ocean, This first raft expedition (de- scribed as Koalana I) by the Honolulu Bi- ological Laboratory of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries was in conjunction with operations of the Bureau's research vessel Charles H. Gilbert. The raft was COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No.11 used as a floating laboratory by three of the Bureau's scientists from September 27 to Oc- tober 9. The Charles H. Gilbert with the Nenue a- board sailed on September 26 for the raft's planned launching position off Napoopoo, Kona. The expedition was to return to its base at Kewalo Basin, Honolulu, on October 13. The vicinity of any sizable drifting object often provides excellent fishing, particularly for dolphin (mahimahi) in Hawaiian waters, and is also an indication of tuna concentra- tions in some parts of the Pacific. The sci- entists studying tuna behavior are seeking information on (1) the association between fish and flotsam, (2) how the various members of such an aggregation react, and (3) how their reaction might be put to practical use in the commercial fisheries. The Nenue is built of timbers, with a bam- boo facing to provide a base for growth of seaweeds and sessile animals such as barna- cles, Six oil drums under the raft give addi- tional buoyancy. From the middle of the raft a 6-foot metal cylinder, closed at the bottom and equipped with six glass-viewing ports, protrudes down into the water, A smallhouse protects the observers from the weather and shades the inside of the observation capsule for better visibility. The observers worked aboard the raft, one in the underwater chamber and one on deck, The fish, birds, and marine mammals which gathered under and around the Nenue were recorded and photographed, Detailed notes were taken on their behavior toward the raft and toward one another, At the same time, similar observations were made from the deck and the underwater observation chambers of the Charles H, Gilbert at various distances from the raft. Plankton collections, water temperature and salinity measurements, and weather observations also were made from the accompanying research vessel, The work was limited principally to daylight hours. HF OK eA MACHINE TABULATING EQUIPMENT USED TO ANALYZE CRUISE OBSERVATIONS: The fishery resources and oceanic envi- ronment of the central Pacific Ocean have been studied for the past 12 years by biolo- gists of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- November 1962 eries Biological Laboratory at Honolulu, Ha- waii. More than 150 cruises have been made between 1950 and 1962 by the laboratory's research vessels and chartered fishing boats. Many of those cruises were long trips over immense stretches of the Pacific, extending from the Society Islands and New Caledonia in the South Pacific to the Aleutians on the north, and from the United States coast to Wake Island in the northwestern Pacific. Routine watches for fish schools and bird flocks (which indicate the presence of fish schools) were kept on each cruise, and all sightings have been recorded, Laboratory records of these cruise observations were recently tabulated on IBM machine-sort cards in a way that permits their analysis interms of sightings per hour of scouting. The observations data have been compiled to show the geographical and seasonal dis- tribution of sightings of bird flocks, allfish schools, and schools identified as skipjack tuna. The result is a series of 12 charts, each covering 3 months of the year and show - ing the number of sightings per 10 hours of scouting for each 5-degree square. Within the area between latitudes 20° S. and 30° N., longitudes 110° W. and180°, the charts make certain features of the distribu- tion immediately apparent. Fish schools and bird flocks are most numeous near island groups, andare very scarce throughout the intervening oceanic areas. Sightings of all fish schools, of skipjack schools, and of bird flocks were most frequent in the Marquesas, Tuamotu, and Society Islands of French Pol- ynesia, followed by the Line Islands and then the Hawaiian Islands. Skipjack schools were 6 times as numerous in the Marquesas as in the Hawaiian area during December to Feb- ruary, while from June to August they were seen in about equal numbers in both regions. The heaviest concentration of bird flock sightings appears in the Christmas Island area of the Line Islands. These charts also prominently show the seasonal changes in the apparent abundance of schools and bird flocks. In the Hawaiian area there is a definite seasonal trend with sightings at a maximum from June to August. In the waters around the Marquesas Islands, the seasonal trends are less well defined, especially in the sightings of bird flocks, but there was a maximum of schools seen from December to February. The Line Islands did not show the uniform pattern of seasonal COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 23 distribution that might have been expected from their location close to the Equator, Sightings of bird flocks and of all fish schools were at a maximum during March-May, with a secondary peak in fish school abundance indicated from September to November. For the Hawaiian area, the charts point up a marked contrast between the northeast- ern sector, where sightings were conspicu- ously infrequent, and the higher sighting rates recorded for waters to the southwest of the Islands. Only during the summer months from June to August were bird flocks and fish schools at all numerous more than 100 miles northeast of the Hawaiian chain. At other seasons of the year they were either absent or present in very small numbers, This series of charts is part of a pro- jected summary of the past records of cruise observations by the Honolulu) Biological Lab- oratory's scientists and fishermen. The use of automatic data processing methods will make it possible to produce similar graphic condensations of the results of extensive long-line, pole-and-line, and troll fishing in much of the same area. a \ Fishy Odors and Flavors CONTRACT STUDY COMPLETED: The final report on a project to investi- gate the origin and the nature of compounds responsible for undesirable fishy odors and flavors that develop in fish oils was submit- ted in September 1962 to the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, The contract for the project, which is now completed, was awarded by the Bureau to the Hormel Institute, Uni- versity of Minnesota, Austin, Minn, The pro- ject was under the supervision of the Bureau's Seattle Technological Laboratory. The methods used in the study included separation of the odors and attempts to as- sociate them with different components of the oil, isolation and identification of the highly volatile compounds present in fish oil, and studies on the auto-oxidation of purified fish oil methyl. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1962 p. 20. 24 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Great Lakes Fishery Investigations LAKE TROUT DISTRIBUTION STUDIES IN WESTERN LAKE SUPERIOR CONTINUED: M/V “Siscowet™ Cruise 6 (August 27 -Sep- tember 7, 1962): Studies to obtain informa- tion on the abundance and distribution of young lake trout in the Apostle Islands region of Lake Superior were continued during cruise 6 of the research vessel Siscowet (op- erated by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries). Semiballoon trawls were usedon this cruise. They were towed at 15 locations, at depths ranging from 6to31lfathoms. Small lake trout were caught at almost every sta- tion; one 15-minute tow east of Basswood Is- land yielded 137 small trout from six differ - ent plantings. Nearly all of the lake trout were found at depths between 20 and 25 fath- oms. Out of a total of 605 young lake trout caught during the cruise, 599 (99 percent) were fin-clipped. About 500 of the fish were returned alive to the water after removal of the anal fin, in an attempt to obtain informa- tion on population density. Only one of the re-marked fish was caught a second time. The table lists the number of hatchery- reared lake trout caught in the Apostle Is- lands area to date in 1962 with completion of cruise 6, and the percentage of the total contributed by different plantings. Number of Hatchery-Reared Lake Trout Caught by M/V Siscowet as of September 7, 1962 Age Group of Fish I Il (And Older) Season No. of [No. of ] % of Total No, of] % of Total and Year Fish Fish Caught a Fish Caught a of Release Planted |Caught |Second Time| Caught | Second Time [Spring 196Z (Bayfield, St. Croix Falls) 256,500 286 69.6 = z Spring 1962 |(Pendills Creek) |120,800 125 30.4 = Ne = Spring 1961 |(Bayfield) 108,800 - - 218 34.5 Spring 1961 If |(Pendills Creek) |108,200 - - 215 34.0 Spring 1960 allt (Bayfield) 161,350 - - 170 26.9 Spring 1959 lim =| (Bayfield) 226,600 S 7 29 I 4.6 Note: Recaptures of less than 10 fish from a single planting are not listed; the rearing station is given in parentheses in the first column. Other species caught in the trawls in- cluded Coregonus hoyi chubs (as many as 116 in one 15-minute tow), smelt, pygmy whitefish, sculpins, and ninespine stickle- backs, Chubs (C, hoyi) and smelt were taken most commonly in tows which yielded large Vol. 24, No, 11 numbers of lake trout. Sticklebacks and sculpins were most common in areas where few or no lake trout were caught. Experimental gill nets (1- to 5-inch mesh by 1/2-inch intervals) set in 25 fathoms in Presque Isle Bay caught few fish, most of which were chubs, Surface water temperatures ranged from 59.4° F, east of Bear Island to 66,2° F. in Punky Bay. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1962 p. 17. Gulf Exploratory Fishery Program SHRIMP MARKING STUDY IN GULF OF MEXICO CONTINUED: M/V "George M. Bowers” Cruise 42 (September 19-October 4, 1962): The catch- ing, staining, and release of brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) and white shrimp (Pen- aeus setiferus) were the main objectives of this cruise by the U. 5S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research vessel George M, Bow- ers. The vessel operates from the Gulf and South Atlantic Exploration and Gear Research Base at Pascagoula, Miss. This was another cooperative trip made jointly with the Bu- reau's Galveston Biological Laboratory, and was part of the initial phase of a continuing study to obtain a preliminary estimate of growth, mortality, and migration patterns of those shrimp species. Staining of white shrimp was conducted in two areas off the Louisiana coast. In one of the areas, between Trinity and Tiger Shoals, 1,900 shrimp were stained with fast green dye and released in the 2- to 5- fathom depth range. In the other area between Cameron and Sabine, 2,200 shrimp were stained with a Trypan blue dye and released in the same depth range, On this cruise, trawling was also con- ducted between Grand Isle and Trinity Shoal but too few shrimp were caught, and none was stained, The same situation existed in the 10- to 14-fathom depth range southeast of Freeport, Texas, Bad weather ended cruise operations at that point. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1962 p. 26. % ok ae is 3c November 1962 CLAM AND SCALLOP DISTRIBUTION IN NORTHWESTERN GULF OF MEXICO STUDIED: M/V “Oregon” Cruise 81 (September 11- October 2, 1962): To obtain seasonal infor- mation on offshore clam and scallop distri- bution along the Louisiana and Texas coast- al areas were the main objectives of this cruise. The northwestern Gulf of Mexico was the general area explored during this 22-day trip by the U. S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel Oregon. A total of 231 exploratory dredge hauls lasting from 15 to 30 minutes each were made during the trip. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 25 these were generally small. Both species showed an apparent preferential depth range of 21 to 40 fathoms. Catch rates fluctuated widely on this exploratory cruise, and only general patterns of density were determined. The frequent incidence of Gulf clams and paper-shell scallops in the middle shelf zone was observed during earlier shrimp explora- tions by the Oregon. A preliminary evalua- tion of meat quality and yield for both these species indicated a commercial potential, but concentrations and seasonal condition and yield would first have to be delineated. 96° 94° Legend: \_ - Vessel track. o - Dredge station. 92° 90° Shows the station pattern for cruise 81 of the M/V Oregon (September 11-October 2, 1962). Two hundred 5- and 6-foot tumbler dredge stations were made inthe 4 to 80 fathom depth range between Ship Shoal, La., and Browns- ville, Tex, An additional 31 tumbler dredge stations were made south of Brownsville off Laguna Madre, Mexico. Paper -shell scallops (Amusium papyra~- ceus) and deep-water Gulf of Mexico clams (Pitaria cordata) were observed throughout the survey area, although concentrations of The relatively small individual catches made during cruise 81 were not significant enough for conclusive yield studies, The vessel made port calls at Galveston on September 17, and at Brownsville on Sep- tember 23, 26 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Gulf Fishery Investigations SHRIMP DISTRIBUTION STUDIES: M/V "Belle of Texas” Cruise BT-24 (July 26-August I, 1962): Five statistical areas were covered on this cruise and a 45-foot shrimp trawl was used. One 3-hour tow was made in each of the 3 depth ranges in each area. The vessel (operated by the Galveston Biological Laboratory of the U. S. Bureauof Commercial Fisheries in studying the dis- tribution of shrimp in the Gulf of Mexico) re- turned to her home port on August 1. Concentrations of medium brown shrimp counting 31-40 to the pound were found at 0-20 fathoms in area 14 (12 pounds) andarea 16 (67 pounds). A few pounds of larger white and pink shrimp were caught in the same depth range in both areas, Seven pounds of 21-25 count brown shrimp were found in the 20-40 fathom depth range of area 14, and from 40-60 fathoms of the same area, 3 pounds of 12-15 count brown shrimp were caught, Legend: Station Pattern for Shrimp Program Depth Range--74, 15, 25, 35, 45, and 60 fathoms in each transect. GO NU iL oY, o PF ME NE is OX) nda nG™ 10: Shows station pattern for cruise BT-24 of the M/V Belle of Tex- as, July 26-August 1, 1962. Area 16 yielded 12 pounds of 12-15 count brown shrimp from the 20-40 fathom depth range and 3 pounds of the same size and spe- cies from 40-60 fathoms, as well as the lar- ger catch of medium shrimp from the shal- lower depth. Tows in the 3 depth ranges of areas 13, 15, and 17 yielded small catches of various sizes of brown shrimp--in area 13, only 3 pounds of 12-15 count shrimp from 40-60 fathoms, and 10 pounds each of 41-50 count in 0-20 fathoms and 21-25 count from 20-40 fathoms. Vol, 24, No, 11 In area 15, brown shrimp (13 pounds) 12-15 count were caught at 40-60 fathoms. Six pounds of 12-15 count brown was taken from area 17 evenly divided between 2 depth ranges; nothing was caught in 0-20 fathoms of that area, M/V "Belle of Texas'’ Cruise BT-25 (August 9-14, 1962): In all areas covered by the M/V Belle of Texas during this cruise, nearly all brown shrimp were caught, ex- cept for less than one pound each of large white and pink shrimp. A 45-foot shrimp trawl was used, and one 3-hour tow was made in each of the 3 depth ranges. Of the 4 statistical areas worked, area 18 yielded the largest catch--69 pounds of 31- 40 count shrimp from the 0-20 fathom depth range, and 6 pounds of 21-25 count from 20- 40 fathoms. There was no catch from the tow in 40-60 fathoms. Station Pattern for Shrimp Program Depth Range--7}, 15, 25, 35, 45, and 60 fathoms in each transect. | Legend: Go Ul iL o PF MOME OXY. Ry ecto: 2604 Shows station pattern for cruise BT-25 of the M/V Belle of Tex- as, August 9-14, 1962. Nine pounds of 51-67 count shrimp were found in 0-20 fathoms of area 19, The amount caught in other depths of the same area were small--only one pound of 12-15 countat 20-40 fathoms, and 3 pounds of 9-12 count at the 40-60 fathom depth. The catch from 0-20 fathoms in area 20 was 36 pounds of 51-67 count shrimp and only negligible amounts of white and pink shrimp. Larger shrimp of 15-20 count were caught in 40-60 fathoms of the same area. Shrimp 12-20 count were found in area 21 at depths of 20-40 and 40-60 fathoms--3 pounds from each depth range. The tow in 0-20 fathoms yielded only one pound of small shrimp. November 1962 M/V "Belle of Texas'' Cruise BT-27 (Sep- tember 7-12, 1962): Shrimp catches by the research vessel Belle of Texas were almost negligible and confined mostly to small and medium brown shrimp from the 0-20 fathom depth range. The few pounds of white and pink shrimp caught in that depth range were all 21-25 count to the pound, Each of the 4 statistical areas (18 through 21) covered on this cruise were off the coast of Texas from Galveston down to Browns- ville. A 45-foot shrimp trawl was used, and one 3-hour tow was made in each of the 3 depth ranges of the areas worked. Legend: Station Pattern for Shrimp Program: fathoms in each transect. G uuL Pe co oF MpaEst XAETH ICO, Shows the station pattern for cruise BT-27 of the M/V Belle of Texas, September 7-12, 1962. Shrimp catches were less than 10 pounds per haul in all depth ranges except from 0-20 fathoms which yielded 80 percent of the total shrimp catch (less than 150 pounds) in the 4 areas covered, Shrimp caught in that depth range were all brown shrimp, counting most- ly 41-50 to the pound, plus a scattering of white and pink shrimp. The 0-20 fathom depth range in area 21 yielded 30 pounds of 21-25 count brown shrimp, and 2 pounds of pink shrimp of the same size. The largest catch of any area was slight- ly less than 50 pounds in area 19--44 pounds of 41-50 count brown shrimp and about 3 pounds of 21-25 count white and pink shrimp. The same area yielded only a handful of larger brown shrimp of 9-15 count from the 20-60 fathom depths. The other 3 areas worked on this cruise yielded an average of 9 pounds each of larger shrimp of 9 to 15 count, and COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW at some 15-20 count from the 20-60 fathom depth ranges. M/V "Belle of Texas'' Cruise BT-28 (September 18-25, 1962): Large brown shrimp counting 12-20 to the pound predom- inated in catches by the research vessel Belle of Texas (operated by the Galveston Biological Laboratory of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries) in studying the distribution of shrimp in the Gulf of Mexico, y Ny / ;bLoursrana C 30 : ° : ° 13 28°. New Orleans # Depth Range--74, 15, 25, 35, 45, and 60 Legend: Station Pattern for Shrimp Program: fathoms in each transect, GO) Lee, ‘O.1?, EE Rey ki C530) SUSE EAD Berg M/V Belle of Texas cruise BT-28 (September 18-25, 1962). Five statistical areas were worked on this 8-day cruise, and a 45-foot shrimp trawl was used. One 3-hour tow was made in each of the 3 depth ranges in each area, Area 16 yielded the largest catch (43 pounds) of any area--75 percent was 12-15 count brown shrimp, most of it from the 20- 40 fathom depth range. The depth up to 20 fathom in that area accounted for the rest of the catch consisting of 10 pounds of 15-20 count brown shrimp. The next largest catch of a little more than 20 pounds was from area 17 which also yielded large brown shrimp counting 12-20 to the pound from all depth ranges. Less than one pound each of 12-15 count white and pink shrimp were caught in 0-20 fathoms of that area, Shrimp catches in the other 3 statistical areas covered on the cruise were small, ranging from 12 to 18 pounds, These were mostly large shrimp from all of the 3 depth ranges except 0-20 fathoms which yielded very small amounts of 31-40 and 51-67 count 28 brown and wiute shrimp, There was also a catch of 7 pounds of 26-30 count brown shrimp from 0-20 fathoms in area 14, Notes: (1) Shrimp catches are heads-on weight; shrimp sizes are the number of heads-off shrimp per pound. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1962 pe 21. Industrial Fishery Products U. S. FISH MEAL AND SOLUBLES: Production and Imports, Jan.~Aug. 1962: Based on domes- tic production and imports, the United States available supply of fish meal for the first 8 months of 1962 was 33,135 short tons or 9,0 percent greater than during the same period of 1961. Domestic production was 16,299 tons or 7.3 percent lower, but imports were 49,434 tons or 34,0 percent greater SESSA RI eRe saeee i Se E $ ai wy Fig. 1 - Steam power is needed in fishery byproducts plant. It is used to cook the raw fish, evaporate the water in making condensed fish solubles, and in many plants, for heating the meal dryers. This is a scene ina plant at Moss Point, Miss. Fig. 2 - Raw fish at the plant in Moss Point, Miss. The large hose at the right is clamped to a standpipe through which the menhaden are pumped from the bottom of the hold when the vessel is un- loaded. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 11 than in the same 8 months of 1961, Peru continued to lead other countries with shipments of 146,195 tons during the first 8 months of 1962--52,462 tons above the imports in the same period of 1961, The total United States supply of fish meal in calendar year 1961 of 529,100 tons exceeded the peak year 1959 when the quantity amounted to almost 440,000 tons, The United States supply of fish solubles (including ho- mogenized fish) during January-~August 1962 was 9,378 tons more than during the same period in 1961. Domestic pro- duction increased 8,0 percent, but imports jumped 123.5 percent, U. S. Supply of Fish Meal and Solubles, January-August 1961 and Total for 1961 Jan.-Aug. Total 1/1962 1961 1961 Fish Meal and Scrap: Domestic production: Menhaden 175,649 13,728 193,177 13,458 2,627 4,462 15,171| 12,377 207,175 | 223,474 30,765 146,195 8,146 311,265 9,184 706 So, Africa Republic Other Countries . 194,996 402,171 89,079 82,474 | 112,241 Available fish meal supply Fish Solubles: Domestic production 2/.... Imports: Canadayeacasteietenenenenens So. Africa Republic. . Other Countries .... 1/Preliminary. 2/50-percent solids. Includes production of homogenized condensed fish. kok ke ok OK U.S. FISH MEAL, OIL, AND SOLUBLES: Production, August 1962: During August 1962, a total of 39,000 tons of fish meal and scrap and 4,3 million gallons of marine-an- imal oils were produced in the United States. Compared with August 1961, this was a de- crease of 18,600 tons or 32 percent in meal and scrap production and 2,3 million gallons or 35 percent in oil yield. Menhaden meal amounted to 33,400 tons-- accounting for 86 percent of the August 1962 meal total, Oil from menhaden (3.9 million gallons) comprised 91 percent of the August 1962 oil production. November 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 29 U.S. Production of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles, August 1962, with Comparisons Product 1/1962 1961 1/1962 1961 1961 OOOO OOOO IOS O5 ekegen (OHOLt ONS) let nelie te) oteiel ciel chokes seeks Fish Meal and Scrap: jpoHerring sle.... 788 1,179 2,627 4,462 5,268 Menhaden 2/ ..... 33,366 51,818 175,649 193,177 247,551 Sardine, Pacific .. 2/17 - 2/706 - 2,518 Tuna and mackerel 2/2,111 2,080 2/13,728 13,458 21,243 Unclassified ..... 2,673 2,460 14,465 12,377 14,757 WO 6 Go00 ob 38,955 57,537 207,175 223,474 291,337 Shellfish, marine-animal meal and scrap ........ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ BERT O eer cuetG OLS ae enh 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 311,265 d:d:010: 001620 06-0'S)8'G 15,883 16,883 81,014 73,777 100,551 6'0-0:6-O10'O Cit 020500 = 2,802 8,065 8,697 11,690 Suenemete Medevaletelehehehepelaeh Gallons) iepavstegebel sehen lieder sree sate Qil, body: HIER KING a everenetel cle e) Seat etercMeteye wetomerelte Mtciveltewelieuewe 194,068 230,773 527,725 637,530 818,017 Menhadent2if/irre css .0ci sl ccbeie ietehemererele rene Se aeee 3,918,942 | 5,955,991 | 20,761,354 | 24,061,049 31,355,570 Sardine, Pacific ....... Miscae istiga}retisurongerette veneers 2/1,373 oS 2/20,484 = 86,167 Tuna and mackerel .......... us Wine ware th 2777,246 82,352 2/402,799 375,177 762,509 Others(including/ whale)! lc. oc esis cere eueeoneecas 134,337 353,251 608,394 1,046,199 1,386,542 FOLATE OUR hee eke oe t osha pe bal oee menace ius cule! eres 4,325,966 | 6,622,367 | 22,320,756 | 26,119,955 34,408,805 1/Preliminary data. 2/Includes a small quantity produced from thread herring. 3/Not available on a monthly basis. There were 15,900 tons of fish solubles produced in August 1962--1,000 tons below the same month of the previous year. There was no homogenized condensed fish produced in August 1962 as compared with 2,800 tons in the same month of 1961. During the first 8 months of 1962, meal and scrap production totaled 207,200 tons-- Adjusting valve on a steam pump in the fish solubles unit of a — fishery byproducts plant in Empire, La, 16,300 tons below the same period of 1961. The marine-animal oil yield totaled 22.3 million gallons--a drop of 3.8 million gal- lons as compared with the same period in 1961, OK OF OK OK MAJOR INDICATORS FOR U.S, SUPPLY, SEPTEMBER 1962: For the first nine months of 1962, United States fish meal and fish oil production was lower by 4.1 percent and 8.0 percent, re- spectively, as compared with the same pe- riod of 1961. Fish solubles production in- creased 8.3 percent. Major Indicators for U. S. Supply of Fish Meal, Solubles, and Oil, September 1962 1962 | 1961 [ 1960 1959 wea{Shorts Lions): i. f)yever's Item and Period Fish Meal: Production 1/: November...... October 6.0... September ..... JansAUgsvsneneete 2 totals 2/ 289,039|257,969|275,396|216,510 ec 311,265|290,137|306,;551 [248,140 Jan.~Dec, final tots (Table continued on following page) 30 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Major Indicators for U. S. Supply of Fish Meal, Solubles, and Oil, September 1962 (Contd.) Item and Period 1962 1961 1960 1959 1958 Ae (Shortibons) Seo nme Imports: November ..... o 25,649} 6,149] 3,673] 6,082 Octobersecieenciee. = 9,425) 12,515} 3,821] 5,899 September ..... a 13,941] 9,487) 9,224] 5,079 August........ | 28,253] 19,026] 8,340] 5,695] 5,310 January-July... . {166,743]126,536| 79,506|105,004] 69,492 January-December ° 217,845/131,561|132,925|100,352 Fish Solubles: Production 3/: November .():. 2... October ....... September ..... January-August. , Jan.~Dec, totals. . Imports: November ...... Octoberyeyeiiereseueis September cieicuc:« August........ January-July... . Jan,-Dec, totals. . Fish Body Oils: Production: November. 21: (or October evaeveteire September ..... F 5 January~August 4/_| 22,321] 25,392| 17,482] 16,187 6 4 totalsii i clewawe 33,471| 26,690] 24,418] 21,625 Jan.~-Dec. final tots, as 34,409) 27,853] 24,945] 21,977 Exports: November. . October ... : September . August.... January-July, ,.. Jan.-Dec. totals. . 19,154| 19,264] 12,539 apes not include crab meat, shrimp and miscellaneous meals. 2/Preliminary data computed from monthly data. Fish meal production reported cur- rently comprised 86 percent of the annual total for 1958, 90 percent for 1959, 89 per- cent for 1960, and 92 percent for 1961. 3/Includes homogenized fish. 4/Preliminary data computed from monthly data. Represents over 95 percent of the total production. Note: Data for 1962 and 1961 are preliminary. es = Nautical Charts FOLDED INTRACOASTAL CHARTS FOR SMALL CRAFT NAVIGATION: Plans to produce a ‘‘compact series’’ of Intracoastal Wa- terway Charts were announced by the Coast and Geodetic Sur- vey, U.S. Department of Commerce, on October 7, 1962, fol- lowing one of the most active boating seasons in the Nation's history, The plan is to produce a chart format that will not be awkward and unwieldy when used for small craft navigation. o 8 © eo New Intracoastal Charts will be accordian folded, measur- ing only 7-3/8 by 15 inches and easy to handle even in the smallest skiff or dinghy. In recent years the largest market for Intracoastal Charts has been among the pleasure boatmen; in many areas, par- ticularly along the Gulf Coast, however, commercial tariffic in the waterway has contributed substantially to the economic stability of many coastal communities, In reshaping these charts for greater handling ease and utility, the Coast and Geo- detic Survey has considered both the commercial boatman and the small craft operator, The chart quality has not been com- promised in any way that would impair navigational safety, Vol. 24, No, 11 WATCH HILL TO NEW HAVEN RHODE ISLAND - CONNECTICUT SMALL-CRAFT SERIES CHARTS 116-1,116-2,1 16-3 / BY car ees pe = —_ = = e ree U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY WASHINGTON, D.C FIRST EDITION 1962 PRICE $1.50 Although Intracoastal Waterway Charts are not new, having first been published in 1936, the Agency’s cartographers and a cross-section of boat owners are quite enthusiastic about the folded format. ‘We are providing the boat operator with much more than just a chart in this folded edition,’’ commented the Chief of the Agency’s Nautical Chart Division, ‘‘Within its protective wrap-around cover, the folio contains just about everything the mariner needs to know, including annual tide tables, a complete tabulation of supplies and facilities, direction and velocity of tidal currents, information on marine weather services, and much more-~all in the package,’’ he said, The Intracoastal Waterway is a protected route, with some exceptions, for vessels between Boston, Mass., and the Rio Grande, a distance of approximately 2,900 miles, Navigation is restricted, however, by the limiting depths which in some places is only 5 feet. Generally the project depth is 12 feet or more, Long canals have been cut through dry land in several areas such as the canals between Norfolk, Va., and Albemarle Sound, N.C. More than 60 Intracoastal Waterway Charts rim the At- lantic and Gulf Coasts of the United States from Norfolk, Va., to Brownsville, Texas. The first remodeled charts are scheduled for issue early in 1963, These are No, 824, Sandy Hook to Little Egg Inlet, November 1962 New Jersey, and No, 829, Norfolk, Va., to Albemarle Sound, N.C. With the exception of the New Jersey chart, reconstruc tion will begin at Norfolk and generally progress southward to Florida and into the Gulf of Mexico area, It is contemplated that additional offshore hydrography will be added to the new editions, if space permits, to provide continuity for vessels plying between the waterway and the open sea, The expanded hydrography should render these charts more useful to the fishing fleets and the sports fish- ing industries. In many ways, the new Intracoastal Chart folios will be comparable to the popular Small Craft Chart Series. Similar in size and utility, the new Intracoastals will be revised and published annually, usually to coincide with the boating season in each area, Several years will be needed to convert all charts to the new compact format, to checkout the boating facilities through field inspection, and to assemble other complemen- tary information planned for this unique Series, But Coast and Geodetic Survey chart-makers are going to keep a close watch on boating trends and developments in coastal areas and bolster the program where it is needed. North Atlantic Fisheries Exploration and Gear Research OTTER-TRAWL NET WITH ELECTRIC FIELD TESTED: M/V “Delaware” Cruise 62-9 (July 11- August 24, 1962): To test and evaluate the effect, if any, of an electric field upon the catch of a commercial otter trawl net when the field is used as an adjunct to the net, was the primary purpose of this cruise by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel Delaware, The tests were conductedin marine waters and in areas and at depths where commercial species could be fished. Positive results encourage both further research into this principle of fishing and the development of specific gear by which this method might be applied within various segments of the fish- ing industry. The electrical equipment used was experimental in nature and built by a Lewes, Del., firm as a result of their re- search in the field of electrical fishing equipment. A No. 41 large mesh (4-1/2 inch internal measurement) polypropylene net was e- quipped for electric fishing with a system designed primarily to immobilize fish in the path of the advancing trawl. Compara- tive tows were made using this net with and without the electric field during alternate tows. Towing was conducted between po- sitions determined by Loran bearings and COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 31 along depth contours in an area long enough to include two consecutive tows. By towing back and forth in the designated area, and alternating tows using electricity with tows not using electricity, the same area was fished by both methods during various phases of tide and other changes. The effect of var- iables were eliminated or minimized as much as possible, Electrical values were keptnear- ly alike although minor differences, due to changes in the configuration of the net and consequent small variations in the distance between electrodes, could not be controlled. All fish caught were identified and counted, A volumetric measure was taken on all com- mercial species when the catch numbers were large enough to make this feasible. Tests were conducted with the anodes in two positions: (1) grouped around the low voltage transformers and laced to the foot- rope and netting of the lower wings andbot- tom belly, and (2) laced to the headrope and netting of the upper wings and square, Dur- ing both test series, the low voltage trans- formers were shackled to the footrope and the cathodes were laced to the netting in the afterpart of the lower belly. Comparative catch results with anodes positioned on the footrope, and on the head- rope, are shown in tables 1 and 2. Table 1 - Comparative Catch Results With Anodes Positioned on Footrope Without Electric Field; With Electric Field Syl Sa Comparison Total Mean to Catch Made Grouped Species ‘is of Fish No. Fish without Per Tow | Electric Field ‘ish normally escaping large-mesh nets (herring, shad, whiting, red hake)... 297 1 12.9 1643 TAT 579.1 ‘cles were caught in too few numbers to use for comparison. Grouped Species is! Table 2 - Comparative Catch Results With Anodes Positioned on Headrope od and haddock» sss .s.eue ‘latfish (gray sole, dab, Without Electric Field With Electric Field Comparison Total Mean to Catch Made: No. Fish} No. Fish |No, Fish|No. Fish without Caught |Per Tow | Caught | Per Tow | Electric Field) yellowtail, blackback re or lemon gole) ,,....,.04 515 ‘rash fish (sea raven, sea pout, monkfish, ish normally escaping large-mesh nets (herring, shad, whiting, red hake)... . 32 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW The catch results from comparative tows made with the anodes in one position were considered separately from the catch re- sults made with the anodes in the other po- sition, That was to indicate the effect, if any, of the change in anode positions upon the quantity of fish caught. During the first se- ries of tests, made with the anodes on the footrope, 45 successful tows were completed. Of that number, 22 were with the electric field and 23 were without the electric field. During the second series, made with the anodes on the headrope, 36 successful tows were completed, Of that number, 17 tows were with the electric field and 19 tows were without the field. Due to the unequal number of tows, the gross number of fish caught by each method was not a good basis for com- parison, The average number of each spe- cies of fish caught per tow (mean) by each method was used for comparison purposes. The tables show the species grouped into arbitrarily-chosen catagories instead of in- dividually. Irregularities in the abundance and/or availability of fish may cause con- siderable variation in catch results; the num- ber of tows made (a total of 81) was too few to expect definite values to be determined. In general, the results may be considered in- dicative of final values that could be deter- mined through extended testing. Evaluation of this method of fishing, and the gear and equipment used during the tests, may be made from several directions. As the electrical equipment and accessory gear were experimental in nature, a number of difficulties, breakdowns, and other problems were to be expected, Nevertheless, with the exception of several components, the equip- ment performed satisfactorily. A more de- tailed description of the gear and component performance together with a more complete analysis of catch data is to be published at a later date. Phase III of cruise 62-9 by the Delaware was devoted to herring sampling onGeorges - Bank under the direction of the Bureau's Boothbay Harbor Biological Laboratory. We OK OK OK OK COMMERCIAL FISHING POTENTIAL OF OCEAN PERCH OFF NOVIA SCOTIA STUDIED: M/V Delaware” Cruise 62-11 (September 3-October 3, 1962): Bottom “trawling opera- tions to investigate the commercial potential Vol, 24, No, 11 of ocean perch (Sebastes marinus) in waters deeper than those usually fished by commer- cial trawlers were conducted on the Conti- nental Slope 100 miles north of Halifax, Nova Scotia, during this cruise by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fish- ing vessel Delaware. A total of 14 1-hour tows were completed in depths ranging from 175 to 525 fathoms on a 55-mile section of the slope. One of the larger catches of ocean perch buoys the cod end to the surface during haulback aboard the exploratory fishing ves- sel Delaware on cruise 62-11. The four largest catches (2 estimated at 3,000 pounds and the other 2 at 2,000 pounds) were made at a mean depth of 300 fathoms, The larger catches were not comparable to the size of commercial catches, but they in- dicated a resource of large ocean perch (a- bout 2-3 pounds each) at those depths and show some promise for projected explora- tions of the Continental Slope area, Fishing gear used during the cruise con- sisted of a roller-rigged No. 41 manila net with 30 floats on the headrope, 5-fathom legs and 5-fathom ground cables. The ground cables were removed after the third tow to prevent gear damage from hang-ups on the extremely uneven bottom, There was only minor damage to fishing gear during the cruise and little time was lost making re- pairs. While average towing time from hook- up to knockout was approximately one hour, longer setting and hauling-back time in deep water required an over-all time of two hours on each tow. Other commercial species caught in less than significant numbers included whiting November 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 33) Legend: —> Trowl tow =| Hangup Cruise 62-11 of the exploratory fishing vessel Delaware investigated the commercial potential of ocean perch on the Continental Slope off Nova Scotia. (silver hake), white hake, squirrel hake, cusk, Atlantic cod, American plaice (dab), Atlantic halibut, Greenland halibut, witch flounder (gray sole), and the red crab. Preliminary identification of specimens preserved for continuing study included grenadiers (Macrouridae), snipe eels (Nemi- chthyidae), black dogfish (Centroscyllium fabricii), blue hake (Antimora rostrata), spiny eel (Notocanthus sp.), 2 specimens of blue whiting (Gadus poutasou), and Stomias sp.). North Atlantic Fisheries Investigations DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE STUDIES OF SEA SCALLOPS ON GEORGES BANK CONTINUED: M/V Delaware’ Cruise 62-10 (September 11-20): To collect data on the distribution and abundance of sea scallops in the area from Northern Edge to the Southeast part of Georges Bank was the purpose of this cruise by the research vessel Delaware of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. The cruise was part of a continuing study to determine the population abundance and length compo- sition of sea scallops on the offshore bank. Samples taken of Georges Bank sea scallops were to be used for comparison with similar samples collected previously. A total of 29 unit areas were sampled dur - ing the cruise. Each unit consisted of 6 sta- tions, Live scallops and clapper shells from 199 tows at 174 stations were measured, and condition of spawning observed, A 10-foot standard dredge with a 2-inch ring bag was used, and each tow lasted 10 minutes. The distance of each tow was measured with a standard odometer, and a new experimental odometer was tested simultaneously. Samples of scallops were brought back to the laboratory for length-weight rations, aging, and spawning studies. These will be reared in specially-designed tanks to con- duct biological research on growth rates, Five additional 5-minute tows with a 30- inch Digby-type dredge having a 1/2-inch mesh liner were made at designated stations. 34 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No, 11 Samples from those 5 tows were to be studied | North Pacific Exploratory Fishery Program to determine bottom organisms and bottom types. OCEANIC FISH SURVEY AND MIDWATER TRAWL TESTS OFF PACIFIC NORTHWEST AND CALIFORNIA COASTS CONTINUED: M/V "John N. Cobb” Cruise 55: To study the oceanic or offshore fish off the coasts of Washington, Oregon, and southern Califor - nia and to test the fishing capabilities ofa large midwater trawl, were the primary ob- jectives of the July 9-September 21, 1962, cruise of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel JohnN. Cobb. The vessel returned to its base at Seattle after completing 11 weeks of exploratory fishing and gear testing in cooperation with the Bureau's San Diego and La Jolla Biolog- ical Laboratories, the Oregon Fish Commis- sion, and the California Department of Fish and Game. Total mileage traveled during the cruise exceeded 8,000 nautical miles. Sea scallop survey on Georges Bank by the research vessel Dela- aware, September 11-20, 1962. Hydrographic information was collected at hourly intervals from 210 stations while steaming to and from Georges Bank. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1962 p. 33. PHASE ONE TRACK LINE FLUKE TAGGING EXPERIMENT: About 1,000 fluke were tagged in Septem - ber 1962 at inshore locations between Point Judith, R. I., and Block Island. This tagging experiment was conducted by biologists of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. Tagged fish returned from this experiment will complement the results of previous off- GEAR TEST AREAS shore tagging east of Hudson Canyon, which [PHASE TWO |. 44 showed a summer inshore movement to Long MGS alee Island and southern New England fishing 5,933 1,133 24,748 9,052 NethsyAntemyegsossienel = = 3,075 | 2,122 Total Shrimp. ... |615,485 | 321,649 | 3,208,799 |1,516,154 Shellfish Other Than Shrimp: British Honduras .. 9,576 3,154 75,340 42,864 On dUnaAS ele is) ele > = 60,203 47,706 CostavRicaters ens. 2 = 1,400 1,247 Pianamiatentevcier sr sie = = 1,040 1,011 JAMA AUN shes) eile tere = = 30,014 21,324 ING thyAntepan step enemete 1,099 486 15,258 9,750 Menezuelataycy selec’ = a 22,263 13,624 IMIGXI CI Ope peuenetial sienare 1,806 985 29,599 17,035 Guatemallae sever. 5 = 7,370 3,880 Leeward and Wind- ward Islands .... 2,072 861 19,346 7,078 Nicaragua....... = rs 390 281 JAPAN ed pay etiei sis) 6) ole 5 = 26 330 WEIN S 6 Op Olu OD = = 324 937 Clolombiagercnse inc. 95 400 1,422 3,626 Br Cua Ory Vice shelter = = 940 704 Canadareyciinstiede yoen (L408 62,320 168,481 70,140 EVSalvador.) +... 0. 495 242 495 242 Prinidadkweverc hence 2,338 971 2,338 971 Total Shellfish (exc, Shrimp) soy cuensiete 165,239 69,419 436,249 | 242,750 es Grand Total... |869,345 414,202 | 4,026,051 [1,853,501 1/Imports into Puerto Rico from foreign countries are considered to be United States im- ports and are included. But United States trade with Puerto Rico and with United States possessions and trade between United States possessions are not included. |2/When the country of origin is not known, the country of shipment is shown. 3/Gross weight of shipments, including the weight of containers, wrappings, crates, and moisture content. 4/F.o.b. point of shipment. Does not include U.S. import duties, air freight, or in- surance. Note: These data are included in the over-all import figures for total imports; i.e., these imports are not to be added to other import data published. Source: United States Airbome General Imports of Merchandise, FT 380, June 1962, U.S. Department of Commerce. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 51 borne imports of fishery products in the first half of 1962, All of the U. S. airborne shrimp imports during the first six months of 1962 originated in Central and South American countries. The leading suppliers of airborne shrimp imports in January-June 1962 were Venezuela with 36.3 percent of the total. Nic- aragua with 24.7 percent, and Panama with 21.1 percent. The data as issued do not show the state of all products--fresh, frozen, or canned--but it is believed that the bulk of these airborne imports is fresh and frozen products. Virginia STUDY EFFECTS OF MAN-MADE WASTES ON MARINE ANIMALS: The effects of man-made contaminants on marine animals will be studied by the Vir- ginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Va., under a $33,300 research grant awarded recently by the Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control of the U. S. Pub- lic Health Service. The Institute Director stated that the two-year investigation willbe under the direction of the head of the Ecology- Pollution Research Department, The project will determine the effects of continuous exposure of marine animals to low concentrations of poisonous materials, such as insecticides, herbicides, and domes- tic and industrial wastes. These are materials known to be discharged into the marine system at present, and will be increased as our pop- ulation and economy grows in future years, thus posing a threat to marine life. Safe levels of contaminants may change as the salinity and temperature of the waters change. Animals that are not directly killed by toxic substances may be weakened, ex- posing them to the onslaughts of predators and diseases, or hindering their reproduc- tion. It is also possible that one link in the food chain may be destroyed resulting in the starvation of all animals dependent upon that link for food, "We cannot expect to have positively pure waters in areas heavily populated by man," reported the Director. 'We can, however, intelligently use our natural resources, and this requires research and planning. The 52 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW results of this project will aid those respon- sible for planning in making decisions on the amounts of contaminating materials that can be discharged into our waters without harm- ing marine life. Our problem today is tode- termine these damaging effects before con- tamination levels become great enough to cause harm!" State and Federal agencies are rapidly accummulating data for predicting industrial and population levels in the years 1975 and 2000. This information will assist in actions to protect our nation's water resources, GE Wholesale Prices EDIBLE FISH AND SHELLFISH, SEPTEMBER 1962: From August to September 1962 there was a slight drop in the wholesale price index for edible fishery products (fresh, frozen, and canned), The September index at 119.8 percent of the 1957-59 average was down 1.5 percent from the previous month, but rose 8.6 percent from September 1961. This September’s declines in the subgroup indexes for drawn, dressed, or whole finfish, and canned fishery products were offset by increases in the other subgroups. There were significant decreases from August to Sep- tember in several fresh drawn and dressed fish products which caused a 5~percent decrease in that subgroup, These included fresh large haddock (ex-vessel price at Boston down 28.9 percent) and fresh or frozen halibut (wholesale price at New York down 8.9 percent), The September av- erage wholesale price at New York City for fresh or fro- zen dressed king salmon was almost unchanged from the previous month, but was 25 percent higher than a year earlier, The fractional drop in the index for dressed king salmon resulted from slightly lower prices for the frozen product as the season for fresh salmon came to an end. Prices were higher at Chicago for fresh Lake Supe- rior whitefish (up 25.6 percent), and at New York City for Great Lakes yellow pike (up 12 percent), Compared with the same month in 1961, the subgroup index this Septem- ber was 18,7 percent higher, Prices were higher for all products in the subgroup, except yellow pike at New York City (down 6.7 percent), Fig. 1 - Barrels and boxes of fish at wholesalers! stands in the "new shed" of the salt-water section of Fulton Fish Market, New York City. Vol, 24, No. 11 The index for the processed fresh fish and shellfish subgroup this September rose 4.7 percent from August and was up 10,5 percent from September 1961. As in Au- gust, fresh shrimp prices at New York City (up 9.7 per- cent) were responsible for the increase, The demand for shrimp continued good and market conditions were strong in September, Although there were some indications of a price drop for shrimp towards the end of the month, the drop in imports from Mexico because of the tie-up of that country’s west coast fleet reversed the trend and prices firmed up again. Prices for fresh haddock fillets at Bos- ton were lower (down 4 percent) than in August despite some decline in the September landings of small haddock, The new season for fresh shucked oysters started in Sep- tember. Prices at Norfolk of $7.50 a gallon were the same as in September 1961, and remained unchanged since April 1962, When compared with September 1961, the subgroup index this September was up 10.5 percent because of high- er prices for fresh haddock fillets (up 14.5 percent) and fresh shrimp at New York City (up 20.2 percent). se: 2 - Deveining shrimp in a fishery plant located in Tampa, ae The processed frozen fish and shellfish subgroup index this September increased 4,2 percent from the previous month and jumped 19.5 percent from September 1961. From August to September, prices were higher for frozen shrimp at Chicago (up 6.5 percent) and for ocean perch fil- lets at Boston (increased 4,9 percent), The frozen shrimp market continued strong during September at even higher prices than in August, Erratic frozen shrimp prices at Chicago for a brief period in September did not change the firm over-all market tone that prevailed throughout the month. As compared with September 1961, prices for all fillets in the subgroup averaged 4 percent higher, Frozen shrimp prices at Chicago were up 29.9 percent from Sep- tember a year earlier, In the canned fish subgroup, a weakening trend was indi- cated for all major products because of heavier seasonal packs, From August through September the subgroup index dropped 6,1 percent and declined 4 percent from September 1961, Prices this September were lower for canned pink salmon (down 10.6 percent), canned tuna (down 3,3 percent), and canned Maine sardines (down 2,1 percent), The canned tuna pack at the end of September was considerably ahead of the same period a year ago, and well ahead of the record 1959 pack for the same period, But canned tuna prices this September were still 2.3 percent higher than a year earlier; in August they were higher than the previous year by 10.4 percent. The new pack of canned Maine sardines at 1.8 mil- lion standard cases as of September 22, was nearly 4 times greater than in the same period of 1961. Prices for canned Maine sardines this September were 11.6 percent lower than at the same time last year, Through September very few California sardines had been packed because there were prac- tically no significant landings. November 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 53 Table 1 - Wholesale Average Prices and Indexes for Edible Fish and Shellfish, September 1962 With Comparisons Point of Avg, Prices 1/ Indexes 2/ Group, Subgroup, and Item Specification Pricing Unit ($) (1957-59=100) Sept,| Aug, Sept, | Aug, | July | Sept 1962 | 1962 1962 | 1962 | 1962 |3/1961 ALL FISH & SHELLFISH (Fresh, Frozen, & Canned) «2 ec ccc ccccc cc cee 119,8 | 121,6) 119,0) 110.3 Fresh & Frozen Fishery Products:. 2 ee eece Drawn, Dressed, or Whole Finfish: eeceee oe I, 107.9 Haddock, Ige., offshore, drawn, fresh . o oA Halibut, West, 20/80 ibs., drsd,, fresh or froz, .| New York Salmon, king, Ige, & med,, drsd,, fresh or froz, . | New York Whitefish, L, Superior, drawn, fresh . « « © e | Chicago Yellow pike, L, Michigan &Huron, rnd,, fresh. .|New York Processed, Fresh (Fish & Shellfish):, . « © © Fillets, haddock, smi,, skins on, 20-1h, tins, . .[Boston BY 30] 037 *| 86.2 ao : 153 Shrimp, Ige, (26-30 count), headless, fresh , . »| New York 107} 98 125.4 | 114.3 foal : 104,3 Oysters, shucked, standards . 2» © © © e e e| Norfolk 7,50 | 7.50 126.5 | 126.5] 126.5) 126.5 Processed, Frozen (Fish & Shellfish): . . 2... weet te pees | 122.8 | 137.8] 113,3| 102,8_| Fillets: Flounder, skinless, 1-Ib, pkg. 2 eo ee 9 Haddock, smi, skins on, 1-Ib, pkg. o © Ocean perch, ige,, skins on 1-tb, pkg... Shrimp, ige, (26-30 count), brown, 5-1b, pkg, . iGanned(Fishery; Productsssi 6.6 «ee, «06 « 6 « Salmon, pink, No, I tall (16 oz,), 48 ‘cans/cs, 4 Tuna, It, meat, chunk, No, 1/2 tuna (6-1/2 a 48 cans/CS.o 0 0 « ee Sardines, Calif, tom, pack, No. “L oval a5 OZ)y. 2A canS/CSee ee © e@eeeee Sardines, Maine, keyless oil, 1/4 drawn -3/4 0Z.), 100 cans/c 9,11 119, 1/Represent average prices for one day (Monday or Tuesday) during the week in which the L5th of the month occurs, These prices are published as indicators of movement and not necessarily absolute level, Daily Market News Service ‘‘Fishery Products Reports” should be referred to for actual prices, 2/Beginning with January 1962 indexes, the reference base of 194'7-495100 was superseded by the new reference base of 1957-59=100, 8/Recomputed to be comparable to 1957-59=100 base indexes, ville ARCTIC RESEARCH REVEALS LITTLE MARINE LIFE The Fisheries Research Board of Canada in the spring of 1961 sponsored research of the frozen wastes of Canada's far north where the seas lie forever bound bypolarice. A scientist from the Board's Pacific Oceanographic Group at Nanaimo, B. C., was the only fisheries representative on a scientific team which carried out specialized studies on the Prince Gustaf Adolph Sea, in an area roughly 600 miles from the North Pole. The precise interest of the fisheries scientist were to determine the physical and chemical properties of sub-ice seas and to gain information onthe living creatures found inthem. Forms of marine life are limited on the polar region. No fish was taken although many different methods were used in an effort to do so. Plankton hauls to depths of 400 feet were not too productive. However, they yielded quantities of shrimp-like organisms insimilar magnitude to winter sampling in certain areas of the North Pacific Ocean where water temperature conditions are vastly different. Many important contributions to the fields of oceanography and biology of arctic seas were made through the party's observations on the Prince Gustaf Adolph Sea. These ob- servations required sustained effort under the most trying and hazardous of conditions. (Trade News, September 1962, of Canada's Department of Fisheries.) 54 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 11 International TUNA U.S. INTERIOR DEPARTMENT OFFICIALS PARTICIPATE IN UNITED STATES-JAPAN CONFERENCE IN TOKYO: Frank P. Briggs, Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Fish and Wildlife, and Philip H. Trezise, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Economic Affairs, were cochair- men of the United States delegation to the United States-Japan Tuna Conference in To- kyo, Japan, October 9-13, 1962. The conference was to be an official inter- governmental meeting of experts on essen- tially technical matters to exchange informa- tion and views on certain aspects of the con- servation, production, processing, and mar- keting of tuna by the United States and Japan. Greater understanding and mutual benefits are expected from this bilateral exchange and discussion of current information on such matters as tuna fisheries, trends in tuna pro- duction, conservation and utilization of tuna resources, market trends, and expanded in- ternational trade of tuna. The Tokyo meeting was first suggested last May 16 by Ichiro Kono, Japan's Minis- ter of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Forestry, when he visited the United States and met Secretary of the Interior Stewart L. Udall. A similar conference was held in Tokyo in September 1959, Tuna fishery operations since have expanded even more around the globe, and because Japan and the United States are the two most prominent tuna-pro- ducing nations in the world, Minister Kono proposed that another conference on tuna would be most appropriate and helpful. Sec- retary Udall had indicated to Minister Kono that the Department of the Interior would generally be interested in such a meeting, Plans for the conference were developed by both countries. Members of the United States delegation attending the Tokyo conference included 9 other Government representatives and 11 in- dustry advisers. GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE EFFECTS OF NONTARIFF MEASURES ON FISHERY TRADE STUDIED: A study to determine the use and effects of nontariff measures in support or protection of agriculture or fishery production and trade was conducted by Committee II of the Gener- al Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The reports resulting from the study contain the Committee's general findings and conclu- sions on the use and effects of support and protection measures on international trade. The Committee consulted with 39 GATT member countries about their policies. Of the 39 member countries, 34 of them had im- portant fisheries. With the experience and information gained from those consultations, the Committee has published its second and third reports. Pertinent portions of the re- port concerning fisheries follow: Nontariff Measures: Of the 34 countries examined by the Committee, all but 6 had some form of nontariff devices affecting trade in fish and fishery products. There are wide differences from country to country in the use of nontariff measures, and some of the measures examined are either not in use or of no practical importance, as for instance mixing regulations and State-trad- ing. Consumer's subsidies and arrangements for the disposal of surpluses are in use in some countries. The predominant and im- portant devices applied are various forms of income and price support including govern- ment subsidies, import levies and quantita- tive restrictions on imports. Of the 34 coun- tries examined, 17 of them practice income November 1962 International (Contd.): and price support systems of various kinds, and of those countries, 12 give direct govern- mental financial support to the fishing indus- try. In most of those countries subsidies, ei- ther as grants or as loans at preferential in- terest rates, are given in connection with the building of new fishing vessels and in order to improve generally the fishing gear and equipment. Governmental guaranteed minimum price systems in many cases also involve subsidies. A few countries give sub- sidies directly to the fishermen to improve their incomes. Grants and loans given to the fishing in- dustry for improving the equipment and the guaranteed minimum price systems are ar- rangements which are usually in operation over a long period of time, as a part of the fishing policy pursued by the country. Direct subsidy schemes are often of a more limited character based on special circumstances such as sudden and heavy decreases in catch- es of certain products or sudden drops in market prices. Quantitative restrictions are applied by 25 of the 34 countries. In some countries, quantitative restrictions are directed against imports from certain countries or areas. Other countries impose restrictions on all or most imports of fish and fishery products. Only 13 of the 25 countries stated that quan- titative restrictions are imposed for balance- of-payment reasons. Quantitative restric- tions appear to be an integral part of the pro- tective systems in force in many countries and have no longer any connection with the balance-of-payment position. Seventeen of the countries examined have GATT tariff bindings on all or some categories of fish imports; many of those countries maintain some form of nontariff devices by which the benefit of the bindings is reduced or in some cases largely nullified. In addition, many of those countries aim at self-sufficiency or a high degree of self-sufficiency. Effects of Nontariff Measures: There is a general feeling that the widespread non- tariff measures applied by the various coun- tries, especially such measures as public financial assistance, and quantitative re- strictions affect production, consumption, and prices in international trade in fish and COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 55 fishery products. The lack of expansion of trade must to a large extent be attributed to those measures, which in most cases seem to be especially designed as part of the fish- ery policies pursued by countries. In countries where quantitative restrictions are in use, the measures constitute a barrier to the development of the trade for fishery products against which they are directed, in this way protecting the producers from import competition and insulating them from fluctua- tions in world market prices. Income and price support, including gov- ernmental subsidies, grants and loans at pref- erential rates, may in the long run have ad- verse effects on the fishing industry if the fi- nancial support leads to overfishing in certain waters. Nontariff measures will, in one way or an- other, tend to restrain structural changes and natural development in production and to im- pede the free development of competition in international trade. The increase in production is not reflected in a corresponding increase in human con- sumption. Removal of the existing barriers to trade would lead to an increase in the con- sumption of edible fish products, especially in the field of frozen products. The great in- land areas in the world, where fish supplies until now have been scarce or nonexistent should be potential markets for large quanti- ties of fish, especially frozen fish, when''cold chains" are sufficiently established. The national fishery policies pursued create great problems for the traditional ex- porting countries and, in particular, for those countries whose national economies depend heavily upon fisheries. Furthermore, the measures applied cannot be said to have solved adequately the economic problems confronting the fisheries of other countries. Many of the countries examined have GATT tariff bindings on fish imports. Many ofthose countries maintain some form of nontariff de- vice which reduces the benefits of the bind- ings and, in some cases, largely nullifies them. Certain of those countries are impor- tant fish consumers. The Committee noted that the impairment of bindings was obvious- ly of great significance to the fish exporting countries. The Committee took note that a positive assurance of access to the markets 56 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW International (Contd.): of the countries with whom tariff concessions were negotiated is regarded as essential by some exporting countries if they are to be able to participate effectively in tariff nego- tiations."' Notes: (1) A copy of the 50-page report (GATT Program for Ex- pansion of International Trade, Trade in Agriculture Products, Second and Third Reports of Committee Il) may be obtained from the Sales Agent for GATT Publications, International Documents Service, Columbia University Press, 2960 Broadway, New York 27, New York. The price is $1.00. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1962 p. 1. EUROPEAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION NORWAY CUTS TARIFFS ON IMPORTS FROM OTHER EFTA COUNTRIES: Norway's tariffs on imports from six oth- er European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries were cut from 70 percent to 60 percent effective Sep- tember 1, 1962. Nor- way has also agreed to make a further 10 percent reduction not later than April 30, 1963. Five of the Outer Seven countries reduced their import tariffs from 70 percent to 60 percent in March 1962. Another 10-percent cut was to be made by those 5 countries on October 31, 1962. FIA The second 10-percent cut in October 1962 by the other EFTA countries was ef- fected much earlier than originally planned, and will mean a total 50 percent tariffslash since the EFTA agreement was signed. The Norwegian tariff cuts had been postponed with approval of the EFTA Ministerial Coun- cil. (News of Norway, August 30, 1962, of the Norwegian Information Service.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1962 p. 51. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION FISHING METHODS AND GEAR SEMINAR AND STUDY TOUR IN U.S.S.R.: Representatives from Asian and African countries participated in a seminar and study tour on fishing methods and fishing gear tech- nology, held in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics August 18 through September 28, 1962. The seminar-study tour was sponsor- ed by the Food and Agriculture Organization Vol. 24, No.11 (FAO) at the invitation of, and in cooperation with the U. S. S. R. Government. The Prospectus for the Seminar -Study Tour as outlined by FAO follows: Background and Objectives: The participants in the seminar and study tour will be fisheries officers charged with developing fishing in- dustries in their home countries which are now at various levels of development. All are familiar with the general techniques of fishing. Most of the countries are tropical or subtropical andthe emphasis will be on warm-water fishing, main- ly with small and medium size mechanized craft ranging from 25-100 feet, but withsome briefing on fishing with bigger vessels. During the seminar, the entire field of fish- ing methods and gear technology will be cov- ered as far as time permits, but with major emphasis on basic subjects such as materials, rational design and construction of fishing gear, fishing theory including tactics of fish finding and attraction of fish, as well as a general briefing on various methods of fishing and discussion of their relative suitability under various conditions. Several of those subjects will be covered more thoroughly in the course of the study tour where fishing operations can be observed and analyzed critically. Major emphasis will be on the methods of main importance in the home countries of the participants, such as long-lining and gill-net- ting (bottom-set and! drifting), trawling in shal- low water for fish and shrimp, warm-water fishing for tuna, scomberoids, etc., and fish- ing with various types of traps, haul seines, encircling nets and purse Seines. The proposed seminar study tour has been planned with those objectives in view so that the group of participants from countries in Asia and Africa eligible for technical assist- ance might discuss their respective problems with each other, and with an experienced group of subject-matter specialists, against a background of a highly advanced and varied fishing industry and gear technology research and development activity. November 1962 International (Contd.): I SEMINAR Fisheries specialists from the U.S.S.R. and FAO will deliver a number of lectures and lead a series of discussions under the fol- lowing main headings: 1, Materials of Fishing Gear: 1.1 Terminology and numbering systems. 1,2 Characteristics of net materials and methods of test- ing these. 1.3 Relative efficiencies of gear made of different ma- terials. 1.4 Preservation and maintenance of gear. 2. Net Making: 2.1 Mechanized knitting of webbing. 2.2 Knotless nets. 2.3 Cutting and joining of machine-made webbing. 2.4 Framing and hanging of nets. 3. Rational Desiqn of Fishing Gear: 3.1 Engineering theory and experiments with models. 3.2 Measuring instruments and underwater observation. 3.3 Selectivity; comparative fishing experiments. 3.4 Specifying shape, dimensions, materials of gear. 4, Operation of Fishing Gear: 4,1 Types and choice of fishing gear (with emphasis on warm -water fishing) with small and medium sized craft; special lectures on gill-netting and long- lining, purse-seining, trawling for shrimp and fish, tuna fishing. 4.2 Efficient handling of fishing gear. 4,3 Efficiency in handling of catch. 4.4 Fish processing on board craft. 4.5 Choice of type and size of boat in relation to meth- ods of fishing, distance to grounds, etc. 5. Strategy and Tactics of Fishing: 5.1 Location of fish. 5.2 Detection of fish. 5.3 Attraction of fish. 5.4 Electrical fishing. 6. Training of Fishermen and Gear Technologists: 7. U.S.S.R. Fisheries: 7.1 Review of U.S.S.R. fishing industry. 7.2 Organization of the fisheries. 7.3 The role of research in the development of fisheries. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 57 These lectures will be conducted mainly in Moscow during the period August 18-31. Additional lectures and discussion periods will be arranged during the Study Tour of the Caspian and Black Sea fisheries. Il DEMONSTRATIONS During the period devoted to the Seminar, a number of visits will be arranged to fishery institutions and places of interest in and near Moscow. Those will include: the Institute of Marine Fisher- ies and Oceanography, VNIRO, including the Fishing Technique Laboratory, a net making plant, etc. Ill STUDY TOUR Caspian Fisheries, Based at Astrakhan: 1. Visit to CaspNIRO technological institute. Lectures on U.S.S.R. fishing gear with demonstration of models, Visit to fisheries cooperative, inspection of boats and sea trip to observe trap fishing. Visit to net making plant. Visit to processing plant. Visit to Fisheries Training School. Lectures on pump fishing with light attraction. Pump Fishing with Light Attraction, Based at Baku: 1. Sea trip to observe pump fishing in the Caspian. 1. Inspection of big, modern factory trawler. 2. Sea trips - purse-seining, drifting, trawling. Field Visits to Observe Fishing in Rivers, Lakes and Reservoirs: During the period September 1-26, the participants will be conducted on a tour of fishing centers and fishery institutions in the Caspian and Black Sea area. They will have an opportunity to study the conduct of fishing operations with various types of equipment and methods, as well as the handling of the catch, technological and biological research activities, vocational train- ing of fishermen, cooperative and collective fishing activities, and various ancillary undertakings associated with fishing. Fre- quent discussion periods will |be arranged wherein the participants will have ample opportunity to discuss among themselves and with subject matter specialists from the U.S.S.R. and FAO, the equip- ment and methods observed and their applicability in the home countries of the participants, The Seminar-Study Tour will close in Mos- cow on September 28, Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1962 p. 2. sic histelatstcln okie RECOMMENDATIONS MADE AT WORLD SCIENTIFIC MEETING ON BIOLOGY OF SARDINES BEING CARRIED OUT: At the World Scientific Meeting on the Bi- ology of Sardines and Related Species (held in Rome, September 14-21, 1959), several recommendations were made proposing fu- ture action by the Food and Agriculture Or- ganization (FAO). 58 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW International (Contd.): In Supplement 1 of the report of the meeting, FAO describes the actions takenor proposes totake on the recommendations as follows: I. The meeting recommended that FAO should publish an annotated bibliography of sardine research up to 1959. Suchabibliog- raphy is available for the years since 1957 in the Current Bibliography for Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries. References in the Current Bibliography to sardine research can be found by referring to the Taxonomic Indexes. FAOtherefore proposes to concen- trate on preparing a comprehensive bibliog- raphy for the years since 1931 when G. C. Wheeler's, A Bibliography of the Sardines (Fish. Bull., Sacramento 1931, vol. 36, 135 pp.), was published until 1956 inclusive, in- cluding Sardinella which is not covered in the Current Bibliography. FAO is contact- ing principal fisheries laboratories concerned with sardine research to see what material is already available. Itis proposed that the bibliography will be compiled and issued dur- ing the 1962-63 FAO budgetary biennium. II, It is proposed to publish in the FAO Fisheries Biology Branch Technical Papers Series, an indexed list of names and address- es of scientists concerned with sardine re- search according to a format which has al- ready been established in other fields such as tuna research workers, algologists. The cooperation of research institutions will be sought in making such a list comprehensive and up-to-date. FAO expects to issue the list in 1962, III, The need for follow-up meetings on the biology of sardines and on particular aspects of sardine research is expected. The desirability of holding such a meeting within 5 years of the first meeting, as was recommended, will be borne in mind, but FAO will have to consider relative priorities of such a meeting and of meetings on other species groups. IV. The meeting recommended that simi- lar meetings should be organized on other species for which major fisheries exist. This recommendation was implemented by plans for convening a World Scientific Meet- ing on the Biology of Tunas and Related Spe- cies, which was held in La Jolla, Calif., July 2-14, 1962, V. The meeting recommended that FAO should continue to work for the standardiza- Vol. 24, No.11 tion of routine methods. It is proposed to ef- fect this through contacts with regional fish- eries councils and commissions or similar organizations, or where these do not exist, with national research organizations directly. VI. It was recommended that conversion factors for length dimensions should be sub- mitted by the various institutions to FAO. This has been done, and the data provided is summarized in a table included as table 2, Subject Synopsis 2, A Preliminary Compara- tive Study of the Growth, Maturity and Mor- tality of of Sardines, by S. J. Holt, which is in- cluded in volume 2 of the Proceedings. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1962 p. 49, August 1959 p. 38; February 1959 p, 41. INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION WORK CONDITIONS OF COMMERCIAL FISHERMEN REVIEWED: The secretariat of the International Labor Organization (ILO) is preparing several re- ports on employment conditions of commer- cial fishermen for submission to the Second Session of the Committee of Experts on Fish- ermen, which will be held in the latter part of 1962. The reports concern crew accom- modation on board fishing vessels, safety on board fishing vessels, accident insurance of fishermen, and vocational training and certif- icates of campetency. In 1954, an International Labor Organiza- tion Committee of Experts on Fishermen met and recommended conventions concerning minimum age, medical examination, and ar- ticles of agreement for fishermen. The con- ventions were adopted by the 43rd conference of the International Labor Organization in 1959. The first two conventions, concerning minimum age and medical examination, have this year received a sufficient number of ratifications to enter into force. The United States participated in previous deliberations of the Committee of Experts on Fishermen and plans to send representatives to this year's meeting. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Sept. 1959 p. 52. UNESCO INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMISSION SECOND SESSION HELD IN PARIS: The second session of the Intergovern- mental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) convened in Paris, France, September 20- November 1962) International (Contd.): 28, 1962. The Commission was established by UNESCO in 1960 for the purpose of pro- moting coordinated scientific investigation with a view to learning more about the nature and resources of the oceans. The session was attended by 5 United States representatives and six advisers. There was general discussion at the sec- ond| IOC session that other nations not now participating in the International Cooperative Investigation of the Tropical Atlantic (ICITA) program, might join. The delegate from Spain stated that his country was prepared to participate in that program. There was also considerable discussion that Japan might take part init. Japan operates a number of fisheries research vessels in the tropical Atlantic which would tie in with one of ICITA's main objectives in developing the fisheries off Africa. A resolution submitted by the United States delegation at the second IOC meeting was u- nanimously adopted by the Commission. The resolution designates the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research of the Inter- national Council of Scientific Unions as the advisory body to the Commission on the broad scientific aspects of oceanography. Also designates the Advisory Committee on Marine Resources Research of the Food and Agriculture Organization as the advisory body to the Commission on fisheries aspects of oceanography, the Committee being aug- mented for this purpose by two additional members from countries not members of FAO to be recommended by the Bureau of the Commission as invited by the Director- General of FAO in his letter of August 17, 1962, Taking into account the important activity of the U.S.S.R. in fisheries oceano- graphy, it is recommended that the two ad- ditional members of this Committee be se- lected from scientists in this field of re- search in the U.S.S.R. Further, it requests the Bureau and the Secretary of the Commis- sion to consult WMO, IAEA, and other appro- priate intergovernmental and nongovernmen- tal organizations of a world-wide and region- al nature on international programs inocean- ography. The first session of the Intergovernmen- tal Oceanographic Commission was held in Paris, October 19-27, 1961. At that meeting, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 59 the Commission took the first steps to coor- dinate national and regional programs on o- ceanography and to establish the organization- al mechanism, within the Commission, which could develop an integrated, well-coordinated international program in oceanography. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, February 1962 p. 55. 1K OK OK A OK WORKING GROUP PLANS PROGRAMS FOR TROPICAL ATLANTIC INVESTIGATIONS: The proposal for an oceanography -fishery investigation of the tropical Atlantic Ocean, submitted by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries to the Interagency Committee on Oceanography (ICO), became a major inter- national undertaking under the sponsorship of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Com- mission (IOC). An IOC Working Group met in Washington at the National Oceangraphic Data Center June 20-23, 1962, to draw up plans for an In- ternational Cooperative Investigation of the tropical Atlantic. The Bureau's Biological Laboratory, Washington, D. C., with assist- ance from the National Oceanographic Data Center and the Navy Hydrographic Office, were responsible for the preliminary plan- ning and arrangements for the meeting. The opening session on June 20 was at- tended by some 60 persons, including repre- sentatives of 14 foreign countries. There was good representation from Universities on the east coast of the United States who have an interest in oceanography. The purpose of the meeting was to plan in detail the working programs of the Tropical Atlantic Investigations, which are to start early in 1963. Also, to arrange for the ex- change and publication of the resulting data, and the preparation and publication of an at- las. The United States is to contribute seven ships to the investigation, representing the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Coast and Geodetic Survey, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Texas A & M, and the Lamont Geological Observatory. Two fisheries re- search vessels and a large oceanographic vessel from the U.S.S.R. are to participate. Other ships will be from Argentina, Brazil, France, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, and the (former French) Congo. The plans adopted at the Working Group meeting were to be presented at the Inter- 60 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW International (Contd.): governmental Oceanographic Commission September 1962 meeting in Paris. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1962 p. 56. ok ok ook ook ok COORDINATION GROUP ON THE INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE INVESTIGATIONS OF THE TROPICAL ATLANTIC MEETS: A meeting of the Coordination Group on the International Cooperative Investigations of the Tropical Atlantic (ICITA), a compo- nent of the UNESCO Intergovernmental O- ceanographic Commission, was held in Paris, France, September 17-19, 1962. The pur- pose of the Group meeting was to coordinate the plans and programs of the various coun- tries participating in the tropical Atlantic in- vestigations. The Paris meeting of the Coordination Group was recommended by the Working Group of the ICITA, which met in Washing- ton, June 20-238, 1962. FISH MEAL WORLD PRODUCTION, JULY 1962: According to preliminary data from the International As- sociation of Fish Meal Manufacturers, world production of fish meal in July 1962 amounted to about 227,533 metric tons, an increase of 11.5 percent over world production in July 1961. Most of the principal countries producing fish meal submit data to the Association monthly (see table), World Fish Meal Production by Countries, July 1962 July | Jan.-July Country 1962 iE 1961 1962 (Metric Tons). ./...5. 5,914 6,287 49,193 11,700 8,010 50,570 1,100 1,100 7,700 7,196 6,229 43,317 500 2,400 2,117 2,116 15,829 10 149 2,506 7,287 6,813 44,935 47,685 57,636 151,435 1,100 2,046 15,567 19,094 | 18,133 51,424 36,494 | 24,730 67,178 65,716 | 44,933 610,158 South Africa (including South- WestiAfnica)icyreras, hele (ote, 22,120 | 25,300 180,316 DOtaliceccisversrerstiesveterelle 227,533 [203,082 1,292,528 Note: Belgium, Chile, Japan, and Morocco do not report their fish meal production to the International Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers at present, The increase in world fish meal production this July was mainly due to more output in Peru (up 46.3 percent), Norway (up 47.6 percent), and Denmark (up 46,1 percent), Norway’s increase in production in July 1962 reversed the downward Vol. 24, No. 11 trend in the previous two months. This year through July, Peru had increased landings of anchoveta and Denmark’s landings of industrial fish were up. The increase was partly offset by a sizable drop in fish meal production in the United States (down 17.3 percent), South Africa (down 12.6 percent), and Angola (down 46,2 percent), The menhaden catch in the United States in July 1962 was 14.7 percent below the catch in July 1961. Peru accounted for 28.9 percent of world fish meal produc- tion (for countries listed) in July 1962, followed by the United States with 20.9 percent, and Norway with 16.0 percent. During the first seven months of 1962, Peru accounted for 47,2 percent of total fish meal production, followed by South Africa with 14.0 percent, and the United States with 11.7 per- cent, Belgium JAPANESE CANNED TUNA PRICES, MID-SEPTEMBER 1962: In mid-September, the average prices of Japanese canned tuna, c. & f. Antwerp were: Yellowfin or Skipjack: Lightmeat, solid pack in cottonseedoil, Fancy A: 48 7-02. cans wee cee ee ee ow wo © $7.42 a Case « $4.40 a case - $8.75 a case $6.70 a case (United States Embassy, Antwerp, September 18, 1962.) se sk ok ook ook ok ook ok Ok ok FROZEN FISH MARKET: Belgium is importing an increasing amount of frozen fish, and a domestic frozen fish in- dustry has developed. The ready availability of fresh fish in Belgium has dampened the sale of frozen fish in the past. But the ap- pearance of chain stores and supermarkets in recent years has helped change the pattern of consumer buying. Today a wide variety of frozen fish is available, including cod, had- dock, whiting, bream, and plaice. Fish fillets are retailed in one-half and one-pound pack- ages. Whole and gutted fish are packed in 2- to 15-pound packages. Frozen shellfishsuch as shrimp, spiny lobsters or crayfish, and scallops are also available in consumer pack- ages. The domestic frozen fish industry has a production capacity of 200 metric tons every 24 hours and a cold-storage capacity of about 1,200 cubic meters where fish can be stored ati =259\to.=30° CG, |\(-13° to =220)m)i) Tt also has a storage capacity of about 2,500 cubic meters where fishcanbe cooled at 0° to -1° C, November 1962 Belgium (Contd.): (30.2° to 32° F.). Freezing is normally done at temperatures of -30° to -40° C. (-22° to -40° F.), depending on the type of fish. Round fish are filleted by machine. The machines currently in use can handle 25 pieces a minute, which corresponds to four metric tons an hour for large fish and two tons for smaller varieties. Flatfish are fil- leted by hand. Belgium's frozen fish industry has not yet reached full capacity. Because landings are irregular, prices vary and are oftenhigh. This affects the still hesitant consumer mar- ket and the industry in turn is reluctant to undertake maximum production. Some cir- cles feel that increased production would stimulate consumption. Despite the uncer- tainty, an increasing quantity of frozen fish is being imported from neighboring countries and the struggle for the consumer market is becoming more and more severe. The sale of consumer packs of frozen foods in Belgium is still handicapped by the large number of small retail stores which lack refrigerated food cabinets. Belgium has only 4,000 retail outlets equipped with refrigerated food cabinets, far less than several other European countries of compar- able population. To encourage the use of frozen foods, some refrigerated cabinets are now being distributed to selected retail- ers at exceptionally advantageous terms. (Canadian Foreign Trade, September 8, 1962.) Brazil FISHERIES TRENDS, AUGUST 1962: The new fishing port at Itajai will be com- pleted by September 1963. The new port cost- ing 37.6 million cruzeiros (US$82,728) will have cold-storage space for 150 metric tons of fish. The Third National Meeting of Specialists in Sea Fishery Research was held August 20- 24, 1962, at Florianopolis, Brazil. Fishery experts from all Brazil attended. (United States Consulate, Curitiba, September 10, 1962.) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 61 Canada WEST COAST VESSELS ENTER TUNA FISHERY OFF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA AND MEXICO: Two British Columbia purse-seiners (the Pacific Harvester and the Dominator) were diverted from the Canadian herring fishery and sent to tuna fishing grounds off California and Mexico in early July 1962. Ina short time each vessel had caught a full load of a- bout 100 tons of bluefin and albacore tuna. They unloaded their catch in Steveston, British Columbia, in August 1962. According to re- ports, the albacore tuna was to be canned in British Columbia, while the bluefin was to be sold to United States canners for processing. The brine-spray freezing system installed on the purse-Seiners by the Fisheries Re- search Board of Canada was described as an unqualified success. Tuna were frozen solid by the new freezing system and were deliv- ered at Steveston in prime condition. (Facts on Fish, Fisheries Association of B. C., Au- gust 1962.) ste ook sk ooke Sek VK! 13K) 1K: BRITISH COLUMBIA'S RECORD PACK OF CANNED PINK SALMON: British Columbia packers had canned a record 1,179,369 standard cases of pink salm- on by September 15, 1962, according to pre- liminary data from the Canadian Department of Fisheries. Pink salmon accounted for 67.6 percent of the total British Columbia canned salmon pack of 1,744,839 cases on September 15, 1962. The pack also included 289,972 cases of sockeye salmon, 149,782 cases of silver salmon, 107,940 cases of chum salm- on, and 17,776 cases of miscellaneous spe- cies of salmon. The British Columbia pack of sockeye salmon is heavily dependent on returns to the Fraser River system of the Adams River race of sockeye salmon. The International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission early this year predicted a low return of Adams River sockeye because the river flow was low when the yearling salmon entered the salt water in 1960. The returns bore out this prediction and the Commission was forced to restrict fishing severely to ensure an ade- quate escapement to the spawning grounds. This year's poor Adams River run of sock- eye salmon was particularly disappointing because it was based on brood stock from the near-record return in 1958. 62 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Canada (Contd.): Returns of sockeye salmon to the Skeena River in the northern section of British Co- lumbia were also light. We ste sh se ok Keak oisk moka xe GOVERNMENT LIBERALIZES FISHING VESSEL SUBSIDY REGULATIONS BY DROPPING VESSEL REPLACEMENT PROVISION: The requirement that a steel fishing trawl- er built with the aid of a Government subsidy must replace a steel or wooden fishing ves- sel was not included in amended Ship Con- struction Assistance Regulations effected by Order-in-Council of the Canadian Govern- ment and published in the Canada Gazette, August 22, 1962. This means applicants no longer have to withdraw a steel or wooden fishing trawler from the fishing fleet in or- der to qualify for a capital subsidy toward the cost of building a new steel fishing trawler. The new Regulations continue the capital subsidy for new steel fishing trawlers at the old rate of 50 percent of approved costs. The subsidy may be paid for the construction of new trawlers to be operated out of a port in any of the Provinces of New Brunswick, New- foundland, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Is- land, or Quebec. The subsidy will now be applicable only to vessels on which construc- tion was begun after May 12, 1961. Trawlers built with the aid of a subsidy must have a steel hull and be at least 75 feet in length. The Regulations stipulate that shipowners who receive a subsidy must agree to under- take to retain the vessel on Canadian regis- try for a period of five years, and not to sell or transfer the vessel without the consent of the Canadian Maritime Commission and the approval of the Treasury Board. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Aug. 1961 p. 58. Colombia NATIONAL FISHING EXPOSITION TO BE HELD NOVEMBER 20-30, 1962: The Colombian Second National Fishing Exposition and Second National Fishing Con- gress will be held in Bogota November 20- 30, 1962, according to the Colombian Fish- ermen's Association and Fishing Industries. The Association is interested in having Vol. 24, No.11 United States firms display fishing equip- ment and supplies at the fair. They are also interested in United States investments in Co- lombia's fishing industry to help exploit their fish resources along both the Atlantic and Pa- cific Coasts. (United States Embassy, Bogota, September 17, 1962.) Cuba FISHING PORT TO BE BUILT BY SOVIETS: Plans for the building of a major fishing port in Cuba by the Soviets were announced by the Prime Minister of Cuba on September 25, 1962. The port will be used as a base for the Soviet's Atlantic fishing fleet. The Prime Minister said the facilities will make unneces- sary the trips Soviet trawlers now make to Eastern European ports for maintenance and overhaul. A small fleet of Russian trawlers, equip- ped with refrigeration and electronic detection equipment, arrived this summer in Havana. It was reported that Soviet crews would in- struct Cubans in the operation of the vessels and that the fleet ultimately would become the property of the Cuban Government. Earlier this year the Prime Minister said that Cubans would pay for the Soviet vessels by exporting fish to the Soviet Union. The Russians were to provide tinplate for canning the fish. After signing of the contract by the Prime Minister and the Soviet Fisheries Minister, Cuba's Prime Minister appeared on television to make the announcement. He said the port will cost 12 million pesos (about US$12 mil- lion at the 1960 rate of exchange). The loca- tion of the port was not announced. The Soviet Union will pay for the cost of building the port through a "'credit'' to finance purchase of the machinery needed to operate the port. The Prime Minister stated that it will be built by Cuban laborers and material; Cuba will be compensated for this by addi- tional food shipments from the Soviet Union. But the port will actually belong to Cuba and will be operated by Cuban workers, the Prime Minister said. The port will be equipped with facilities for vessel repairs so that Soviet vessels will not have to return to Russia for periodic over- haul. The port would provide facilities for 115 to 130 medium trawlers. The port will November 1962 Cuba (Contd.): be built and used by the Soviets under a 10- year contract. But the Prime Minister said the pact was a mere formality. ''It surely will continue much longer than 10 years,’ said. he Thus far the largest Cuban fleet is believed to operate out of the Las Villas Province town of Caibarien, on the north coast of cen- tral Cuba. The fishermen sail in locally- made 33-foot motor trawlers designed to hold a catch of about 1,000 pounds. The prime Minister said the Cuban fish- ing fleet next year would comprise 5 Soviet vessels at present attached to the fleet but to be bought outright, 5 Japanese vessels due for delivery at the end of this year, 2 Polish vessels, and 50 75-foot vessels being built in Cuba. He claimed that next year 110 75-foot ves- sels and 12 122-foot vessels to be built in Cuba would be added to this fleet. Note: Cuban Government considers peso on par with U. S. dol- lar, but foreign exchange brokers in Miami give about 16 U.S. cents for a Cuban peso. sk ole sk ok ok OK OK OK KS SOVIET-BLOC FISHERY TECHNICIANS IN CUBA: A June 1962 research report issued by the Department of Fisheries of Cuba lists a Soviet technician on the staff of the Fish Technology Section. In addition, a specialist from East Germany is in the Cuban section of Resource Development. Denmark FISH FILLETS AND BLOCKS AND FISHERY INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS EXPORTS, JULY 1962: Denmark’s exports of fresh and frozen fillets and blocks during the first seven months of this year were 17.4 percent greater than in the same period of 1961, mainly because of an increase of 163.9 percent in exports of herring fillets, Ex- ports of flounder and sole fillets increased 13.4 percent, but exports of cod and related species declined 7.3 percent, Dur- ing the first seven months of this year exports to the United States of fresh and frozen fillets and blocks of about 9.1 mil- lion pounds (mostly cod and related species) were up 2.3 per- cent from the exports of about 8.9 million pounds in the same period of 1961. Denmark’s exports of fresh and frozen fish fillets and blocks during July 1962 were 21.9 percent above exports in the same month in 1961. Of the total exports, about 0.7 mil- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 63 lion pounds (mostly cod and related species) were shipped to the United States in July. Denmark’s Exports of Fresh and Frozen Fish Fillets and Blocks and Fishery Industrial Products, July 1962 1/ July Jan.-July Product 5] 1962 | 1961 1962 1961 a SE a Sd od6 (1,000 Lbs.)....... illets and Blocks: Cod and related species. | 1,814] 2,325 | 21,126 | 22,799 Flounder and sole .... | 3,121 | 2,619 | 14,568 | 12,851 Henringirapeiaicietet ed olen oie 1,717 406 | 12,051 4,567 GOD OD ODO ee 28 128 447 828 rs Pe Rega an ei 6,680 | 5,478 | 48,192 | 41,045 -»«.» » (Short Tons)... ; ndustrial Products: i Fish meal, fish solubles, ; and similar products.. | 7,221 | 4,737 39,131 | 26,784 1/Shipments from the Faroe Islands and Greenland direct to foreign countries not in- cluded. Denmark’s exports of fish meal, fish solubles, and similar products in January-July 1962 were 46.1 percent greater than in the same seven months a year earlier, During July 1962, Denmark’s exports of fish meal, fish solubles, and similar products were 52.4 percent above the amount shipped out in the same month of 1961. The principal buyers were the United Kingdom and West Germany, cn BOE KOK * sek TO MANUFACTURE FOOD FOR RAINBOW TROUT GROWERS: Food for rainbow trout, formerly imported by Denmark from the United States, will now be manufactured in that coun- try. The fish food is used by the Danish pond trout industry, according to the United States Regional Fisheries Attache, A group of Danish brook trout growers recently formed a share company, on a license basis, to make food for rainbow trout. The plant will be located in Herning, a small town in the trout- growing area of Jutland. It had not been decided whether to build, buy, or rent a factory, but the mid-Jutland site was cho- sen becauSe it would be easier to ship the product to trout pond operators throughout that area, The chairman of the new enterprise is the owner of a trout farm having 250 ponds, and is also head of Danish Cooperative Trout Export. Shares in the new company amounting to 200,000 kronur (US$29,000) al- ready have been subscribed by trout pond operators, and the total investment in the firm is expected to be 500,000 kronur ($72,400). Denmark has imported about 500 metric tons of United States-produced trout food annually. When the new Danish A pond trout enterprise in Denmark, 64 Denmark (Contd.): company gets into full operation, the annual production will be about 10,000 tons, enough to cover two-thirds of the Danish de- mand for trout food. The price is expected to be cut in half from what it was formerly. In May 1962, Danish trout-growers were successful in having the Folketing (Parliament) change a law permitting imports of fish food after furnishing the Ministry of Fish- eries full information on its composition, but not requiring as was formerly the case, that the composition be disclosed to buyers of the product, The Danish pond trout industry wanted the law changed because the United States manufac- turer of the fish food did not want to reveal the exact com- position of his product for competitive reasons. The United States-produced fish food was found to be especially suit- able in raising Danish rainbow trout. Trout food is manufactured by a special process, and United States biologists have worked on its composition for 20 years. Attempts have been made in Denmark to put out a similar fish food, but the drawback was that it was not possible to analyze the composition of the product imported from the United States. The result was the purchase of rights from the United States firm to manufacture the prod- uct in Denmark. The owner of the United States firm was in Denmark this past summer to conclude the licensing negoti- ations which involved an advance payment of $10,000, anda subsequent 6 percent royalty on all sales. A large proportion of the 600 Danish trout pond opera- tors already use the food for fry, and also for trout raised for stocking purposes, But it is now believed that the prod- uct can be used for the entire trout output. According to the head of the new Danish fish food firm, that type of fish food produces the healthiest trout specimens, A so-called ‘‘wet food’’ was used by the Danish trout growers before they started importing the dry fish food some 5 years ago, About twice as much dry food will be fed the trout. The dry food is easier to handle, and the trout pond can be operated with less labor, If a trout pond operator shifts over to dry food for his entire production, he can figure that his fish food costs will balance out. (European Regional Fisheries Attache, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, August 1, 1962.) se se ske ook ok mK OK HK OK OK FISHERIES TRENDS, JANUARY-JUNE 1962: Summary: Denmark's landings and ex- ports of fishery products in the first half of 1962 were at record levels. Industrial fish prices were up slightly, but there had been no agreement on minimum prices for plaice. For the first time countries in the European Economic Community (EEC) are buying more Danish fishery products than countries in the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), Four Danish vessels may go to the Philip- pines to fish sardines for a United States company. Two of four freezerships for the U.S. S. R. have been launched in Copenhagen. A fish processing plant with a daily capacity of 40,000 pounds of fish fillets and a fish re- duction plant are planned for Greenland. Den- mark was not invited to the first Common Market fisheries policy meeting of EEC countries. But Denmark's largest fisheries association has asked to have an observer at the next meeting of the European Federation COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 11 of Fishing Enterprises (EUROPECHE). An- other International Fisheries Fair is planned for Copenhagen in 1964. Increased United States exports to Denmark are not probable. Fishing limits discussions are quiet. y y va ae shee Mase a (eT L258 Fig. 1 - Drying plaice. The fishery for plaice is the most valuable in Denmark, Plaice is marketed alive in fish shops throughout Denmark, but sales of plaice fillets are increasing yearly --production in 1960 reached 24,000 metric tons. Landings: Landings by Danish vessels in the first half of 1962 were 27 percent greater than in the same period of the previous year and 6 percent greater than in the first half of Fig. 2 - Part of the harbor of Hvide Sande on the west coast of Jutland, Denmark. Landings at this port consist mostly of plaice and herring. the record year 1959, The increase in 1962 landings would be even more impressive if landings in Denmark by foreign vessels were considered. Heavier landings of industrial fish accounted for most of the increase. A slight increase in industrial fish prices helped attract vessels to the fishery. In June, the arrival of industrial fish at Esbjerg, Den- mark's largest port, was So great, 500 tons or more had to be dumped at sea. November 1962 Denmark (Contd.): Table 1 - Danish Fisheries Catch, January-June 1962, 1961, and 1959 January -June Species [Landings in Denmark by Danish Vessels: Salt-Water Fish: 36, 665 112, 351 139,752 Total salt-water fish . . 322,897 | 253,639 | 301,052 Fresh -Water Fish: Pond trout . . 3,537 3,679 3,506 Fresh -water fish 1, 349 1,251 1, 230 Total fresh-water fish . 4, 886 4, 930 4,736 Shellfish: Mussels & starfish .. 8, 036 5,885 11,570 2,970 2,462 1,761 Total fish and shellfish . 338,789 | 266,916 | 319,119 Danish landings in foreign ports of United Kingdom, tons valued at 370.2 million kroner (US$53.6 million), 2/Mostly industrial fish. Shrimp and other shellfish [Landings in Denmark by ee, ea 44,078 | 25,341 | 33,164 Sweden, & Holland ... 21905) 5, 149 2,322 Source: Ministry of Fisheries. Foreign Vessels ..... e 1/Year of record total catch which amounted to 667, 800 metric Minimum Ex-Vessel Prices: The planfor minimum ex-vessel prices for plaice and oth- er Species remains in the talking stage. The minimum ex-vessel price plan calls for prices to be supported by Government and industry through a pool arrangement. The Danish Fisheries Association supports the plan, but the next largest group, the West Jutland Association, is less enthusiastic. Exports: Totalexports of fishery products in the first half of 1962 were greater than in the same period of the record year 1961. increase was 16 percent in value and 7 per- cent in quantity. Fishery exports to the Unit- ed States increased 26 percent in value due mainly to larger shipments of canned herring (up 357 percent in value) and frozen spiny lob- sters (up 110 percent in value). But the value of pond trout exports to the United States in 1962 dropped 36 percent, and this means bet- ter markets are being found nearer Denmark. Denmark's exports of fishery products to European Common Market countries in the first 5 months of 1962 were 10 percent above exports to EF TA countries. Denmark is a member of the EFTA. Denmark's exports of fishery products to EEC countries in the first 5 months of 1962 were 50 percent great- er than in the same period of 1961, while ex- ports to EFTA countries increased by only about 15 percent. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW The (esas Products January-June 171962 Table 2 - Danish Fishery Exports, January-June 1961-1962 1 1l Countries: Fish and fish products nited States: Pond trout Cod fillets, frozen . . Lobster, frozen.... Herring, canned ... Other. oe. 31. 0-00 Total exports to the United States.... 1/Preliminary data. lote: One Danish krone Source: Ministry of Figh Venture in the Philippines: Several Skagen fishermen are negotiating a contract witha United States company to take four Danish cutters to the Philippines to fish for sardines. The catches would be landed at a Philippine plant for reduction and canning. Freezer Mothership Vessels Built for U.S.S.R.: Two of four freezer motherships constructed in Copenhagen for the U.S.S.R. were launched in the second quarter of 1962. The 2,600-ton vessels will dress and freeze-- but not fillet--the catch of accompanying fish- ing vessels. Detached cod ends will be hauled aboard over a stern slipway. Processing and Marketing: A new fisheries enterprise has been planned for Godthaab, Greenland. Financial backing in the amount of 7.5 million kroner (US$1.1 million) will come from Denmark, the Faroe Islands, and the Royal Greenland Trade Department. Plans called for construction of a fillet plant witha daily capacity of 40,000 pounds in the summer of 1962. Machinery is to be installed during the winter and operations will begin August 1, 1963. A fish reduction plant is also planned for Godthaab. The last reports concerning the coopera- tive filleting plant which fishermen are hoping to establish in Esbjerg state that 800,000 kroner (US$116,000) of the one million kroner (US$145,000) needed has been pledged. Tests to determine whether quality is ma- terially affected, if fillets are prepared from frozen fish, have been started at the Techno- logical Research Laboratory of the Ministry of Fisheries in Copenhagen. The tests are expected to be completed late in 1962. Findus International, Ltd., a new Swiss- Norwegian-Swedish frozen foods company, was established in May 1962. The new Com- pany took over all operations in Scandinavia of the North Norway fish deep-freezing firm 66 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Denmark (Contd.): A/S Findus including a large modern fish fil- leting plant at Fredrikshavn, Denmark, which employs 300 people. Findus International, Ltd. plans to expand. Ina recently issued booklet, The Findus Saga, the company esti- mates that more than 200,000 shops in West- ern Europe now Sell about 300,000 metric tons of frozen foods. In 1970, it is expected that 400,000 to 500,000 shops will sell from one million to 1.5 million tons. In Sweden, Findus maintains storage temperatures of at least -4° F. throughout the distribution chain and -22° F, in its main depots. It designed the Polar Reefer, the first ship built exclu- sively for transporting pallet loads of frozen foods. The Polar Reefer's capacity is 550 tons at -13° F. Current Findus production is reported to be about 40,000 tons annually, consisting of about 100 products. European Economic Community: The Danish fishing industry is awaiting the de- velopment of a European Common Market fisheries policy with considerable interest. Disappointment was expressed at the recent announcement that the Common Market coun- tries will meet this fall before conferring with Denmark, Norway and the United King- dom in regard to fisheries matters. The Danish Fisheries Association with a membership of about 11,000 from 175 local groups has applied to EUROPECHE, the fed- eration of national fisheries associations in Common Market countries, for the privilege of sending an observer to the next EURO- PECHE meeting. Fairs and Exhibits: Sponsors of the Fourth International Fisheries Fair which was held in Copenhagen April 1962 have an- nounced that the Fifth International Fisher - ies Fair will be held September 4-13, 1964. Imports from United States: There is little opportunity for United States firms to sell more fishery products in Denmark. U.S. distributors visiting Denmark believe frozen scallops might find a larger European market, possibly including Denmark. Fishing Limits: There have been no fur- ther official pronouncements on progress or developments in regard to negotiations over fishing limits around the Faroe Islands since Denmark gave notice to the United Kingdom on April 28, 1962, of termination of the 1959 agreement on fishing limits in the Faroes. Vol. 24, No.11 Industry and government views expressed in the press in regard to an extension of Den- mark's own fishing limits agree that nochange should be sought while the Danish application to join the Common Market is pending. (Euro- pean Fisheries Attache, United States Embas- sy, Copenhagen, August 15, 1962.) Notes: (1) See Commercial Fisheries Review, Sept. 1962 pp. 69- 70, Aug. 1962 p. 59; July 1962 pp. 61 and 88; June 1962 p. 47; March 1962 p. 37; Feb. 1962 p. 64. (2) Values converted at rate of one Danish krone equals US$0, 145. Faroe Islands FISHERIES TRENDS, EARLY SEPTEMBER 1962: Marketing Frozen Fillets: The fishing in- dustry in the Faroe Islands is concerned over reports of sharply decreased sales of frozen fillets, mainly cod and haddock, in the United Kingdom. About 500 metric tons of fillets have been exported this year at profitable prices through the Faroese sales organiza- tion in Thorshavn and a large British import- ing firm in Grimsby, England, the United States Regional Fisheries Attache stationed at Copenhagen reports. Faroese newspapers report that the senior officer in the British importing firm has stated that his company's refrigerated warehouses are filled with quick- frozen fillets which they have been unable to move at prices competitive with the iced fish still favored by many British housewives. British imports of Faroese frozen fillets are not expected to stop completely but they may be curtailed, An especially large number of vessels had been expected to participate this fall and win- ter in the Faroese local long-line fishery for cod and haddock for delivery to the British market. The United States has imported Fa- roese fishery products in the past and is now being mentioned as a market for this year's production of frozen fillets. The total production of fillets in the Faroe Islands was 1,585 tons in 1961, 1,223 tons in 1960, and 571 tons in 1959, according to the Faroese release, ''Faroese in Figures,'' No. 18, June 1962. Salted Herring: Despite favorable weath- er, only 43,700 barrels of salted herring had been landed in Faroese ports by September 1, 1962, as compared with 79,300 barrels by the same date last year. The Faroese herring November 1962 Faroe Islands (Contd.): sales organization has arranged salted herring sales contracts calling for the delivery of 70,000 barrels to Sweden, 20,000 barrels to Denmark, and 3,000 barrels to East Germany. In order to meet the contracts, anextra effort was going to be made to increase the herring catch between mid-September and the begin- ning of October. That period is the last, but usually the best, part of the herring season. (September 19, 1962, report from the Fisher- ies Attache, United States Embassy, Copen- hagen.) German Federal Republic JAPANESE CANNED TUNA PRICES: In mid-September 1962, Japanese canned tuna price quotations to West German import- ers for light meat solid pack tuna in cotton- seed oil, c.i.f. West German ports, were: Bluefin: (48 33-oz. cans). . $4.17 a case (48 7-oz. cans) .. $7.10 a case Skipjack or yellowfin: (48 7-oz. cans) .. $7.30 a case German importers expect little change from the above prices inthe near future. The canned tuna products described above make up the bulk of West Germanimports of canned tuna from Japan, Chunk style tuna and tuna packed inbrine are imported only occasionally, (United States Embassy, Bremen, September 14, 1962.) Greece NEW MECHANICAL DEVICE FOR HAULING IN PURSE-SEINE NETS INVENTED BY SHIPOWNER: A new mechanical device for hauling in purse-Sseine nets was recently installed in a Greek purse-seiner. It was reported as giving satisfactory results. The device, which was invented by a Greek shipowner, consists of one pulley which is hung from a mast at the vessel's center towards the stern. A screw inside the mast starts the pulley operating. The pulley, together with aclutch located inside the vessel, is powered by the main engine. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 67 The pulley is made of hard aluminum and has an open space of 45 centimeters (17.7 inches). The inside of the pulley is rubber- coated. As it turns, the net is hauled in with- out causing the slightest damage to the mesh. By using this device, a purse seine 1,800 feet long and about 400 feet deep has been hauled in full of fish in 18 to 22 minutes with the aid of only 3 men. The Greek purse-seiner using the new in- vention is owned and operated by the inventor. In 20 days of fishing, the vessel caught 88,000 pounds of fish which was considered an a- chievement in the Greek commercial fishery. The operation of the new mechanical de- vice was hailed as significant in Greece's fishing industry. It was pointed out that it was inspired by an entirely different concept from that of the ''power block" used in the United States tuna fishery. (Alieia, Athens, Greece, August 1962.) Hk ok ok ok ook FREEZER-TRAWLER FLEET EXPANDED: Another freezer-trawler, the Zephyros IV, was added to Greece's Atlantic fleet of freez- er-trawlers in August 1962. This brings the Greek freezer-trawler fleet engaged in the Atlantic fishery to 17 vessels of that type. The vessel was bought in Germany, and under- went extensive modifications at Piraeus under the technical supervision of one of Greece's foremost fishing firms. The new vessel is the fourth of that type owned by the firm. The Zephyros is 144 feet long by 26 feet broad, has a depth of 14 feet, and is 399 gross tons. Its main engine is 820 horsepower, and during her trials, the vessel developeda speed of 12% knots. The new vessel is capable of freezing 12 metric tons of fish every 24 hours at -459 C, (-49° F.), and its holding capacity of frozen fish is 170 tons at -25° C, (-13° F.), The day following her dedication, the ves- sel left for the Mauretania fishing grounds with a crew of 26. In July 1962, 4 Greek freezer-trawlers landed 1,191 metric tons of frozen fish, as against 6 vessels with 1,850 tons the previ- ous month. In July 1961, 4 vessels of this type brought in 1,055 tons of frozen fish. In the period January through July 1962, 68 Greece (Contd.): Greek freezer-trawlers landed 8,672 tons of frozen fish as compared with 7,543 tons in the same period of 1961. (Alieia, Athens, Greece, August 1962.) NEW FISH CANNERY TO BE BUILT: The construction of a large fish cannery is planned for Cavalla in eastern Macedonia, an important fishing center in Greece. The plant is expected to be able to process from 800 to 1,000 metric tons of fish annually, mainly sardines and anchovies. The proposed cannery will be an enter- prise operated mainly by owners of local salt-fish plants and Cavalla fishing boat own- ers, who will be sold proportional shares of Guatemala JOINT JAPANESE-GUATEMALA FIRM FISHING SHRIMP OFF CENTRAL AMERICA: The shrimp fishing operation along the coast of Guatemala, Central America, joint- ly carried out by a Japanese firm and local Guatemala interests, has been using 14 ves- sels and some chartered vessels. Fishing conditions were reported favorable in Au- gust 1962, The joint company has decided to add six more vessels, thus expanding its fleet to 20 vessels by November in an effort to increase catches. The six vessels are now under con- struction at a shipyard in Jacksonville, Fla., and they are of the 50-ton class. (Suisan Tsushin, August 30, 1962.) Iceland| FISHERIES TRENDS, EARLY SEPTEMBER 1962: Summer Herring Fishery: A recordcatch of 311,838 metric tons of herring valued at 392.9 million kronur (US$9.1 million) had been landed off the north and east coasts by September 9, 1962, as compared with 211,136 tons caught by the same date during last COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 11 years good season. The 1962 summer herring fishery is about over, but south coast herring operations could not begin because no price had been set for landings there. As many as 235 vessels took part in the summer herring fishery this year. The average share of the catch for deckhands amounted to 58,892 kronur (US$1,368) and, for skippers, 148,073 kronur (US$3,439). Herring Salting: Summer herring salting was resumed August 25, because of the possi- bility of a new contract for 20,000 barrels with the U.S.S.R. Salting had been shut down temporarily since August 19, because all exist- ing contracts for summer herring were filled. The first contract for salted herring from the anticipated south coast winter catch was signed and it provided for delivery of 25,000 barrels of specially-cured split herring to West Germany. Other Fisheries: The off-shore trawlers continued bringing in good catches (principal- ly of ocean perch). They were fishing off western Greenland and, to a limited extent, off Newfoundland. The 15 trawlers operating off Iceland reported rather poor catches of cod and haddock. An Icelandic fisheries scientist was quoted in the British Fishing News as saying that Iceland's extension of its fishing limits has had an extremely beneficial effect upon fish stocks off the Icelandic coast where the small fishing vessels have done well. He predicted that before long the in- creased fish stocks would move outward where the trawlers would benefit. The lobster catch was very good and was expected to exceed considerably last year's catch of 2,000 tons. (United States Embassy, Reykjavik, August 31, and September 14, 1962,) Me. ste: sr ici ok SEEKS U.S. LOAN TO AID FISH-PROCESSING PLANTS: The Icelandic Government has requested a loan of 29 mil- lion kronur (US$673,478) from the United States from the 1961 and/or 1962 U.S, Public Law 480 (Agricultural Trade De- velopment and Assistance Act of 1954) agreements, Iceland asked that the loan be made to the Icelandic Development Bank for the Fisheries Loan Fund, Iceland’s Fisheries Loan Fund would use the money mainly to increase loans to fish processing plants. U.S, loan under Public Law 480 would be made in Icelandic kronur rather than in U.S, dollars. Iceland’s Fisheries Loan Fund has been used mainly to improve the fishing fleet. By now increasing fish processing facilities through loans, Iceland hopes to add value to fish ex- ports, which make up 93 to 96 percent of its tangible exports. It is estimated that a large part of loans to fish processing plants (freezing plants, oil and meal plants, salt fish plants) November 1962 Iceland (Contd.): would be absorbed by local costs, such as labor, supplies, and construction material. Less than a third would go for ma- chinery such as boilers, motors, filleting machines, conveyor belts, and refrigeration units. The United States has already used the authority of Public Law 480 to aid Iceland’s Industry Loan Fund. This fund makes modest loans to individual manufacturers to purchase machin- ery. The Industry Loan Fund loaned 4.4 million kronur (US$102,183) in 1960. The Fisheries Loan Fund has a far greater scope and loaned 182.9 million kronur (US$4.2 million) in 1960, Part of a statement by the Government of Iceland describ- ing the Fisheries Loan Fund follows: History and Operations of the Fund: The Fisheries Loan Fund was established by law in 1905 for the purpose of pro- moting the development of fisheries in Iceland with loans for purchase of new fishing vessels. At that time a breakthrough was taking place in Icelandic fisheries as the first motor boats were introduced, The Fund was later authorized to grant loans for construction of fish-processing plants as processing of fish became more important. The Fund grants loans to a maximum of 75 percent of the purchase price of new fishing vessels. The loans are repaid in 15 years with 6-1/2 percent interest. Equipment loans are of shorter duration, The maximum amount loaned for proc- essing plants is 60 percent of construction costs, which must be repaid within 12-15 years, Sources of Income: The main source of income to the Fund is a 1.8-percent levy on exports of fish and fish products, which yielded 35.3 million kronur (US$819,786) in 1961, In- terest on loans (gross) amounted to 15.4 million kronur (US$357,640). The Fund receives besides this an annual Gov- ernment grant of 2,0 million kronur (US$46,447). The debts of the Fund consist almost entirely of long-term foreign credits, Loan Operations in Recent Years: Loan operations in- creased sharply in 1960 and continued at the higher level in 1961 and 1962. New and larger steel vessels were bought to replace smaller wooden ones, Operators started to equip their boats with a new and more efficient technique for catch- ing herring. The Fund’s current resources were not suffi- cient to meet the heavy demand for loans so in 1961 long- term loans were taken by the Fund, is Sought: Great technical changes have been taking place in fishing in recent years requiring large investments in new equipment, It is therefore of great importance to finance such equipment on a fairly large scale. At the same time it is be- coming important to invest more in fish-processing plants both to improve efficiency and make it possible to receive the larger catches now being landed, Here the main emphasis will be on freezing plants and herring processing plants, The larger part of the resources of the Fund will continue to be used for financing new boats built abroad, Additional financing to the amount of 29 million kronur (US$673,478) is sought in order to make it possible for the Fund to meet other urgent needs of the fishing industry, It is planned to use the requested funds for the following categories of loans: 1. Loans to fish-processing plants to enlarge capacity and install more modern machinery. 2, Loans for new equipment and modernization of fishing boats in order to reap the benefit of new fishing tech- niques, 3. Loans to finance the building of fishing boats in Icelandic yards. These are mostly the smaller type wooden boats used for inshore fishing. (United States Embassy, Rey- kjavik, September 19, 1962.) * ok ok Ok oO [ Icelandic Fishery Exports, January-July 1962 with Comparisons Jan.-July 1962 Jan,-July 1961 Product Qty. Value f.o.b. Qty. | Value f.o.b, I Metric} 1,000 US$ | Metric 1,000 | US$ Tons Kr, 1,000 | Tons Kr. 1,000 alted fish, dried......... 1,370] 26,402 613} 2,807] 52,481] 1,375 alted fish, uncured ....... 22,449] 273,931] 6,355] 22,173|222,334] 5,825 ings saltedi rrereretetenspomete 983} 11,271 261) 1,250) 11,517 302 Btockfish ir seasons siehe yet talent! 5,691 |145,877| 3,384) 6,062/139,640| 3,659 IXenringyOnvices qsveitcuensuel eects 4,899) 17,144 398) 3,754 9,630 252 Other, fish on ice)... 6s..0 13,932] 63,839] 1,481) 16,660] 70,524] 1,848 Herring frOZeniie.| sheieicielciene 16,047] 87,423] 2,028/10,069| 48,151] 1,262 (Other frozen fish, whole .... 973} 12,915 300 736| 7,729 202 Frozen fish fillets ........ 32,575 | 560,480 |13,003] 22,955] 346,692| 9,083 Shrimp and lobster, frozen .. 195] 16,758 389 255| 18,477 484 OestufrOZenvervaietencvelebetelat’s 617} 11,770 273 504 6,547 172 annedifishtpuier-neneteiovenenen ete 155 7,874 183 119] 7,640 200 od=liversoiliticy sencueneteneier sie 2,767 | 22,097 513} 2,447] 19,806 519 Lumpfish roes, salted ..... 362] .5,625 131 394 6,560 172 Other roes for food, salted . . 2,743 | 37,899 879) 2,468] 24,897 652 lRoes for bait, salted....... 976 5,511 144 (Herring salted! Penalties. “(d) Any person violating uny provision of subsection (a of this section shall be fined not more than $25,000, and for a subsequent violation of nny provisions of said subsection (a) shall be fined not more than $50,000, i : “(e) Any person violating any provision of subsection (b) of this section shall be fined not more than $1,000, and for a sul uent vio- lution of any provision of subsection (b) shull be fined not more than $5,000, he) Any person violating any provision of subsection (c) of this section shall be fined not. more than F100, 000. 2 “(y) All fish taken or retained in violation of subsection (a) of this section, or the monetary value thereof, may be forfeited. : “(h) All provisions of Jaw relating to the seizure, judicial forfeit- ure, and condemnation of a cargo for violation of the customs laws, the disposition of such cargo or the proceeds from the sale thereof, and the remission or mitigation of such forfeitures shall apply to seizures and forfeitures incurred, or alleged to have been incurred, under the provisions of this Act, insofar as such provisions of law are applicable and not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act.” Src. 5. Section 10 of the Act entitled “Tuna Conventions Act of 1950” (16 U.S.C. 959) is amended by deleting the section in its en- tirety und substituting in lieu thereof the following: . “Seo. 10. (a) The judges of the United States district courts and United States commissioners may, within their respective jurisdic- tions, upon proper oath or affirmation showing probable cause, issue such warrants or other process as may be required for enforcement of this Act and the regulations issued pursuant thereto. i “(b) Enforcement of the provinions of this Act and the regulations issued pursuant thereto shnll be the joint responsibility of the United States Const Guard, the United States Department of the Interior, and the United States Bureau of Customs. In addition, the Secre- tary of the Interior may designate officers and employes: of the States of the United States, of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and of American Samoa to carry out enforcement activities hereunder. When so designated, such officers and employees are authorized to function as Federal jaw enforcement agents for these purposes. “(c) Any person authorized to carry out enforcement activities hereunder shall have the power to execute any warrant or process issued by any officer or court of competent jurisdiction for the en- forcement of this Act. “(d) Such person so nuthorized shall have the power— “(1) with or without a warrant or Biller proces, to arrest any persons subject to the jurisdiction of the United States at any lace within the jurisdiction of the United States committing in in presence or view a violation of this Act or the regulations issued thereunder; “(2) with or without a warrant or other process, to search any vessel subject tc the jurisdiction of the United States, and, if asa result of such search he has reasonable cause to believe that such 64 Stat. 779, Enforoemente COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 99 76 STAT. 926. vessel or any person on bourd is engaying in operations in vio- lation of the provisions of this Act or the regulations issued there- under, then to arrest such person. “(e) Such person so authorized muy seize, whenever and wherever lawfully found, all fish taken or retained in violation of the provisions of this Act or the regulations issued pursuant thereto. Any fish so seized may be disposed of pursuant to the order of a court. of com- petent jurisdiction, pursuant to the provisions of subsection (f) of this section or, if peridlinbles in & manner prescribed by regulations of the Secretary of the Interior. “(f) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 2464 of title 28 of the United States Code, when a warrant of arrest. or other process in rem is issued in any cause under this section, the marshal or other officer shull stay the execution of such process, or discharge any fish seized if the process has been levied, on receiving from the claimant of the fish a bond or stipulution for the value of the property with suffi- cient. surety to be upproved by a judge of the district. court having jurisdiction of the offense, conditioned to deliver the fish seized, if condemned, without impairment in value or, in the discretion of the court, to pay its equivalent value in money or otherwise to answer the decree of the court in such cnuse. Such bond or stipulation shall be returned to the court and judgment thereon ayminst both the prin- cipal and sureties may be recovered in event of any breach of the conditions thereof us determined by the court. In the discretion of the accused, und subject to the direction of the court, the fish may be sold for not less thun its reasonable market value und the proceeds of such sule pluced in the registry of the court pending judgment in the case. Sec. 6. Nothing in this Act shall be construed to amend or repeal the rovisions of section 4311 of the Revised Statutes, as amended (46 S.C. 251). 62 Stat. 974. The Department of the Interior has published in the Federal Register of Oct. 18, 1962, proposed regulations for the eastern Pacific yellowfin tuna fishery. VESSEL REPLACEMENT PROBLEMS: The follow- ing statement by Mr. Tollefson (Washington) appeared in the Appendix of the Congressional Record, Oct. 8, 1962 (p. A7462): "Mr. Speaker, according to the August 31 issue of the Fishing News, London, 14 German fishing trawlers are being scrapped. These vessels are termed 'obso- lete.! They were built: one in 1953; one in 1951; seven in 1949; one in 1948; one in 1944; one reconditioned in 1941, and so forth. "Unfortunately, we in the United States do not re- gard vessels of this age as obsolete. Many of our trawlers are twice as old as the oldest German trawl- er being scrapped. Still worse is the fact that we can- not scrap our old vessels for the simple reason that we cannot build new ones at double the cost our friends in Germany, Japan, and the rest of the world can build them. This constitutes one more urgent reason for Congress to enact legislation in the next Congress, if the United States is to continue in the business of pro- ducing fish. Otherwise, we shall yield the resources of the high seas to other nations who have forced us from the second highest producing nation to the fifth in a matter of 3 years." VESSEL COLLISION LIABILITY: The Senate on Sept. 28, 1962, agreed to postpone indefinitely action on 8. 2313, to unify apportionment of liability in cases of collision between vessels, and related casualties. VESSEL OWNERS LIABILITY: The Senate on Sept. 28, 1962, agreed to postpone indefintely action on S. 2314, to limit the liability of shipowners, andfor other purposes, 100 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 11 ~ FISHERY = INDICATORS ‘CHART | - FISHERY LANDINGS for SELECTED STATES In Millions of Pounds LEGEND: CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA 7 MQS. 1962 - 455.7 8 MgS. 1962 - 371.9 7 4 1961 - 379.2 8" t961 410.9 12 1961 - 741.3 12 1961 - 518.3 \ \ v A CUMULATIVE DATA 9 MQS. 1962 - 1,075.6 9 | 1961 - 1,054.0 12 1961 - 1,147.3 MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC FLORIDA CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA 8 MQS. 1962 - 11.6 8 , 1961 - 14.0 12 1961 - 15.8 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC CALIFORNIA 1/ 140 CUMULATIVE DATA OREGON 120 « 1962 - 341.8 CUMULATIVE DATA o 1961 - 347.1 7 12 MQS. 1961 - 49.8 1961 - 599.0 ie 9: Heh Se 100 80 60 40 20 pe JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC | V/ONLY PARTIAL--INCLUDING PRODUCTION OF MAJOR FISHERIES ANO MARKET FISH JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC LANDINGS AT PRINCIPAL PORTS, November 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 101 CHART 2 - LANDINGS for SELECTED FISHERIES In Millions of Pounds HADDOCK (Maine and Massachusetts) CUMULATIVE DATA ~ 1962 - 1961 - PLETE. 1 SHRIMP (Gulf States—' including Florida West Coast) CUMULATIVE DATA 9 MQS. 1962 - 9 1961 - 94, 12 1961 - 133.8 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC V/LA. & ALA. DATA BASED ON LANDINGS AT PRINCIPAL PORTS AND ARE NOT COM- In Thousands MENHADEN (East and Gulf Coasts) CUMULATIVE DATA 9 MQs. 1962 9 i: 1961 - 1,008 1961 - 13141.5 PILCHARD (California) CUMULATIVE DATA 1962/63 SEASON, AUG.-SEPT. - 1961/62 SEASON, AUG. -SEPT. 1961/62 SEASON, TOTAL LEGEND: —————-_—-»11962//63 ——— 1961/62 AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC. JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY OCEAN PERCH (Maine and Massachusetts) CUMULATIVE DATA 1962 - WHITING (Maine and Massachusetts) CUMULATIVE DATA 7 MQS. 1962 - 42.4 7 4 1961 - 40.4 12 1961 - 86.1 PACIFIC AND JACK MACKEREL (California) CUMULATIVE DATA Q MgS. 1962 - 33.2 9 Rs 1961 - 34.3 12 1961 - 70.7 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC TUNA AND TUNALIKE FISH CUMULATIVE DATA 9 mgs. 1962 - 115.9 9 a 1961 - 129.7 12 1961 - 164.9 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 102 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 11 CHART 3 - COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS and FREEZINGS of FISHERY PRODUCTS * LEGEND: U. S. HOLDINGS —_—_— Neer U, S. FREEZINGS ae ATIVE DATA 9 MS. 1962 - 275.8 9 |, 1961 - 247.3 12 1961 - 319.6 y JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC NEW ENGLAND HOLDINGS!/ 2/ALL EAST COAST STATES FROM N. Y. SOUTH. JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC S/OHI0, IND., ILL., MICH., WIS., MINN., IOWA, MO,, N. DAK., NEBR. & KANS« 4/ALA., MISS., LA., TEX., ARK., KY., & TENN, , , WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND ALASKA HOLDINGS CALIFORNIA HOLDINGS JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC * Excludes salted, cured, and smoked products. November 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 103 CHART 4 - RECEIPTS and COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS of FISHERY PRODUCTS at PRINCIPAL DISTRIBUTION CENTERS In Millions of Pounds RECEIPTS wh AT WHOLESALE SALT-WATER MARKET (Fresh and Frozen) CUMULATIVE DATA 9 mgs. 1962 - 131.5 9 ve 961 - 12 1961 - 164.8 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC J/INCLUDE TRUCK AND RAIL IMPORTS FROM CANADA AND DIRECT VESSEL LANDINGS AT NEW YORK CITY. RECEIPTS AT WHOLESALE MARKET (Fresh and Frozen) CUMULATIVE DATA JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC SEATTLE WHOLESALE MARKET RECEIPTS, LANDINGS, & IMPORTS (Fresh and Frozen) CUMULATIVE DATA 9 mgs. 1962 - 71.9 9 1961 - 71.3 12 1961 - 97.3 FISH MEAL (In Thousands of Tons) CUMULATIVE DATA 8 MQS. 1962 - 207.2 8 , 1961 - 223 12 1961 - 311.3 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS2! JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC REPORTED BY PLANTS IN METROPOLITAN AREA. COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS CHICAGO JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC BOSTON COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS LEGEND: ee 1962 ——— 1961 FISH OIL (In Millions of Gallons) CUMULATIVE DATA 8 gs. 1962 8 | 1967 12 1961 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 104 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 11 CHART 6- CANNED PACKS of SELECTED FISHERY PRODUCTS In Thousands of Standard Cases Us CALIFORNIA 3 TUNA AND TUNALIKE FISH - CALIFORNIA MACKEREL — CUMULATIVE /OATA) CUMULATIVE DATA 9 MQS. 1962 - 8,899.0 8 mgs. 1962 - 544.5 9 Y 1961 - 8,306.2 8 |, 1961 - 495.5 12 1961 - 10,764.3 12 1961 - 1,378.4 tY) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC ANCHOVIES - CALIFORNIA SALMON - ALASKA CUMULATIVE DATA 3 -Mgs. 1962 - 3,192.8 3 4 1961 - 3)126.6 12 1961 - 3,212.0 CUMULATIVE DATA 8 mgs. 1962 - 5.4 8 is 1961 - 51.7 12 1961 - 73.1 0 t JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC / SARDINES+ CUMULATIVE DATA (Estimated) - MAINE STANDARD CASES 2/ 1962 SEASON Variety No.Cans Designation Net Wet. DEC.-SEPT. - 1,998.0 1961 SEASON SARDINES..... 100 + drawn 32 oz. JAN.-SEPT. - 536.0 rs 1961 SEASON TOTAL - 753.6 SHRIMP....... 48 bX 5 oz. TLUNAN eta. 48 #3 tuna 6&7 oz. PILCHARDS... 48 # 1 oval 15 oz. SALMON...... 48 1-lb. tall 16 oz. ANCHOVIES... 48 $-Ib. 8 oz. LEGEND: SARDINES - CALIFORNIA SHRIMP - GULF STATES CUMULATIVE DATA 1962/63 -—— 1961/62 280 CUMULATIVE DATA 1962/63 SEASON, 1962/63 SEASON, AUG.-SEPT.- 21.4 240 AUG.-SEPT. — - 100.2 1961/62 SEASON, 1961/62 SEASON, AUG. -SEPT.- 191.9 AUG , -SEPT - 55.7 1961/62 SEASON, 200 ——|1961/62 SEASON, TOTAL - 419,41 TOTAL - 588.6 ee / — JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY Ol 0 AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY November 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 105 CHART .7 - U.S. FISHERY PRODUCTS IMPORTS In Millions of Pounds LEGEND: GF ~UNDFISH (including Ocean Perch) FILLETS Fresh and } FILLETS & STEAKS OTHER THAN GROUNDFISH (Fresh and Frozen) CUMULATIVE DATA 8 MQS. 1962 - 141.7 8 | 1961 - 133.5 12 1961 - 195.1 CUMULATIVE DATA JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT _NOV_DEC SHRIMP FROM MEXICO (Fresh and Frozen) CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA 8 MQS. 1962 - 39.2 8 , 1961 - 40.3 12 1961 - 79.2 8 MQS. 1962 - 44.9 8 | 1961 - 40.8 12 1961 - 53.9 UAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC Tunal! SEA HERRING, FRESH, THROUGH MAINE PORTS (Fresh and Frozen) CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA 8 MGS. 1962 - 189.6 7 MOS. 1962 - 20.5 8» 1961 - 133.5 7 1961 - 21.0 v2 Vee Aleeay 12." 1961 - 43.6 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV _DEC 1/ EXCLUDES LOINS AND DISCS. U. S. IMPORTS OF CANNED TUNA AND TUNALIKE FISH CANNED SARDINES (in Oil and in Brine) in Oil_and_ not in Oil CUMULATIVE DATA 8 MQS. 1962 - 32.8 8 , 1961 - 25.0 12 1961 - 42.5 CUMULATIVE DATA B MS. 1962 - 45.0 8 1961 - 43.9 12 1961 - 69.0 ——1_1___} JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 106 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 11 < , ry SA A Oa BE IG. a4 yo 0 pewamae- sl Sel bas 4 BSL: FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE jectives of marking and tagging studies. Includes PUBLICATIONS erates of methods of attaching different types THESE PROCESSED PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE FREE FROM THE Sep. No, 657 - A Method of Predicting Fluctuations in OFFICE OF INFORMATION, U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, WASH- the Sea Scallop Populations of Maine. INGTON 25, D. C, TYPES OF PUBLICATIONS ARE DESIGNATED AS FOL- LOWS: Sep. No, 658 - Accuracy of Net-Weight Determinations CFS - CURRENT FISHERY STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES. for Frozen Glazed Halibut Steaks. FL - FISHERY LEAFLETS. MNL - REPRINTS OF REPORTS ON FOREIGN FISHERIES. ? : F SEP.- SEPARATES (REPRINTS) FROM COMMERCIAL FISHERIES Review, | SL-21 - Wholesale Dealers in Fishery Products, Cali- SL - STATISTICAL LISTS OF DEALERS IN AND PRODUCERS OF FISH- fornia, 1962, 7 pp. (Revised). ERY PRODUCTS AND BYPRODUCTS. SSR.- FISH. - SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC R --F . ITED DISTRIBUTION) « Scmmcebatg Trae Firms Canning, 1961 (Revised): WL - WILDLIFE LEAFLETS. SL-102 - Maine Sardines. 1 p. ; SL-102A - Pacific Sardines, 1 p. Number Title SL-103 - Tuna, 2 pp. CFS-2877 - Massachusetts Landings by Ports, 1961 SL-103A - Tunalike Fishes, 1 p. Annual Summary, 14 pp. SL-104 - Mackerel, 1 p. CFS-2954 - New Jersey Landings, June 1962, 3 pp. SL-105 - Alewives, 1 p. CFS-2955 - Massachusetts Landings, March 1962, 5 SL-106 - Shad, 1p PP. ‘ SL-107 - Fish and Shellfish Specialties, 5 pp. CFS-2957 - Shrimp Landings, 1961 Annual Summary, SL-109 - Caviar and Fish Roe, 2 pp. 21 pp. SL-110 - Oysters, 2 pp. CFS-2959 - Rhode Island Landings, May 1962, 3 pp. SL-116 - Food for Animals from Marine-Animal CFS-2960 - Frozen Fish Report, July 1962, 8 pp. Products, 2 pp. CFS-2961 - Mississippi Landings, May 1962, 3 pp. SL-119 - Squid, 1 p. CFS-2962 - Maryland Landings, June 1962, 3 pp. CFS-2963 - Virginia Landings, June 1962, 3 pp. Firms Manufacturing, 1961 (Revised): CFS-2964 - California Landings, April 1962, 4 pp. SL-154 - Seaweed Products, 1 p. CFS-2965 - Shrimp Landings, March 1962, 6 pp. SL-155 - Marine Pearl Shell Buttons, 1 p. CFS-2966 - Massachusetts Landings, April 1962, 5 pp. SL-156 - Pearl Essence, 1 p. CFS-2967 - Fish Meal and Oil, June 1962, 2 pp. SL-159 - Fresh-Water Mussel-Shell Products, 1 p. CFS-2969 - Maine Landings, June 1962, 4 pp. SL-160 - Menhaden Products, 2 pp. CFS-2970 - California Landings, May 1962, 4 pp. CFS-2971 - Ohio Landings, June 1962, 2 pp. SL-161 - Producers of Packaged Fish, 1961, 7 pp. (Re- CFS-2972 - Wisconsin Landings, June 1962, 2 pp. vised). CFS-2973 - Michigan Landings, May 1962, 3 pp. CFS-2974 - New York Landings, June 1962, 4 pp. SSR-Fish. No, 409 - Conversion of "Whole" and''Head- CFS-2975 - California Landings, June 1962, 4 pp. less" Weights in Commercial Gulf of Mexico Shrimps, CFS-2976 - Rhode Island Landings, June 1962, 3 pp. by Joseph H. Kutkuhn, 8 pp., illus., March 1962. Dis- CFS-2978 - Texas Landings, May 1962, 3 pp. CFS-2979 - South Carolina Landings, July 1962, 2 pp. CFS-2981 - Georgia Landings, June 1962, 2 pp. CFS-2982 - Georgia Landings, July 1962, 2 pp. CFS-2983 - Mississippi Landings, June 1962, 3 pp. CFS-2984 - Maryland Landings, July 1962, 3 pp. tion of weight conversion factors for five of the most CFS-2985 - Shrimp Landings, April 1962, 6 pp. common Gulf of Mexico shrimp, Equations and fac- CFS-2988 - North Carolina Landings, July 1962, 3 pp. tors for predicting whole or headless weights are CFS-2990 - Florida Landings, July 1962, 8 pp. given for brown, white, pink, and rock shrimp, and seabob, Nomographs which facilitate the conversion of individual whole or headless shrimp on a simple weight or number-per-pound basis are provided for brown, white, and pink shrimp. cusses a statistical survey on the conversion of com- mercial catch statistics tabulated according to weight from ' ‘headless"’ or "heads-off'' terms back to "whole or "heads-on" units. Measurements of whole and corresponding headless weights permitted estima- FL-534 - Marking and Tagging Fishes, by Albert C. Jensen, 8 pp., illus., March 1962, Discusses the two most common techniques of marking fish, fin clipping and tagging. Describes the most widely 3 j used types of tags, a tagging method represent- WL-444 - Fur Catch in the United States, 1961, 4 pp., ative of that used for many species of fish, and ob- June 1962, November 1962 Annual Report of the Commissioner Fish and Wildlife Service to the Secretary of the Interior, 44 pp., il- lus., printed. (Reprinted from the Annual Report of the Secretary of the Interior, for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1961.) Summarizes the various ac- tivities of the Service. Describes the activities of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries: biological re- search on salmon, tuna, sea lamprey in the Great Lakes, radiation of seafood, fish meals, fishing gear, and economic trends within the fishing industry; and construction of new laboratories and research ves- sels. Also covers marketing reports and statistics; foreign trade activities, including tariff negotiations and fish meal promotion; the Columbia River Fish- ery Program; and the Pribilof Islands fur-seal re- source. Activities of the Bureau of Sport Fisher - ies and Wildlife include, among others, a marine game-fish research program, Federal aid insport- fish restoration, fishery management activities, river basin studies, and a national fish hatchery program. Report of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries for the Calender Year 1957, 78pp., printed, 1962. This is the first report of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, established in 1956. This, however, is not the first annual Government report on fishery activities, for the U.S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries issued an annual report to Congress for the year 1872-73, The U.S. Bureau of Fisheries continued the report- ing through 1940, after which fishery activities were described annually by the Secretary of the Interior in his departmental report to the President. The present fishery report renews the original series and presents a condensed record of the administra- tive actions of the Bureau, After background mate- rial is given, the report discusses the budget and physical property for the fiscal year 1957; condi- tions, trends, and developments in both domestic and international fisheries; principal accomplish- ments of the Bureau in the North Pacific, Califor - nia, Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic coast, and the Great Lakes; and new programs, meetings, and cooper- ative efforts in fishery matters undertaken by the Bureau, The appendix includes the Fish and Wild- life Act of 1956, an organization chart of the Bu- reau, the budget for FY 1957, a list of laws relating to the U.S. commercial fishery, a 1957 list of pub- lications by Bureau personnel, and other data. THE FOLLOWING MARKET NEWS LEAFLETS ARE AVAILABLE FROM THE BRANCH OF MARKET NEWS, BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, U. S. FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, WASHINGTON Case (Gy Number Title MNL- 8 - Portugal's Fishing Industry, 1961, 22 pp. MNL-32 - Venezuelan Commercial Catch, Production of Processed Fishery Products and For- eign Trade, 14 pp. MNL-564 - Fisheries in Singapore and British Borneo, 3 pp. SPECIFIC OFFICE MENTIONED. Annual Report of the Biological Laboratory, Woods ~~ Hole, Mass. (for the Year Ending June 30, 1961), Circular 137, 92 pp., illus., processed, February 1, 1962. (Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Biolog- ical Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass.) Presents a summary of the laboratory's research activities in the Northwest Atlantic Fishery Investigations pro- gram. Studies relating to the management of the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 107 groundfish of the Northwest Atlantic, as in pastyears, continued to occupy an important place in the pro- gram. Recommendations limiting the size of net meshes in the various subareas were made by the International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries to member countries. The conservation of seascallops was given considerable attention this year, The highlight of the year was the completion and occupation of the aquarium building. The report also outlines investigations on haddock, oceanperch, cod, hake, flounder, groundfish ecology, benthic ecol- ogy, plankton, fish behavior, and larval fish feeding. Also contains reports on biometrics, tagging, shell- fish research, and instrumentation studies, Recent publications are also listed and statistical data are given concerning the Laboratory's library. (Baltimore) Monthly Summary--Fishery Products, July 1962, 8 pp. (Market News Service, U. 5. Fish and Wildlife Service, 103 S. Gay St., Baltimore 2, Md.) Receipts of fresh- and salt-water fish and shellfish at Baltimore by species and by states and provinces; total receipts by species and comparisons with pre- vious periods; and wholesale prices for fresh fishery products on the Baltimore narket; for the month indi- cated, California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, Part I - Fishery Products Production and Market Data, July 1962, 17 pp. (Market News Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Post Office Bldg., San Pedro, Calif.) California cannery receipts of tuna and tuna- like fish and other species used for canning; pack of canned tuna, tunalike fish, mackerel, and anchovies; market fish receipts at San Pedro, Santa Monica, and Eureka areas; California and Arizona imports; canned fish and frozen shrimp prices; ex-vessel prices for cannery fish; for the month indicated. (Chicago) Monthly Summary of Chicago's Wholesale Market Fresh and Frozen Fishery Products Receipts, Prices, and Trends, July 1962, 13 pp. (Market News Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 565 W. Wash- ington St., Chicago 6, Ill.) Receipts at Chicago by species and by states and provinces for fresh- and salt-water fish and shellfish; and weekly wholesale prices for fresh and frozen fishery products; for the month indicated, Gulf of Mexico Monthly Landings, Production and Ship- ments of Fishery Products, July and August 1962, 8 and 9 pp. respectively (Market News Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Rm. 609, 600 South St., New Orleans 12, La.) Gulf States shrimp, oyster, finfish, and blue crab landings; crab meat production; LCL express shipments from New Orleans; wholesale prices of fish and shellfish on the New Orleans French Market; fishery imports at Port Isabel and Browns- ville, Texas, from Mexico; and sponge sales; for the months indicated, Monthly Summary of Fishery Products Production in Selected Areas of Virginia, North Carolina, and Mary- land, August 1962, 4 pp. (Market News Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 18 S. King St., Hampton, Va.) Landings of food fish and shellfish and produc- tion of crab meat and shucked oysters for the Vir- ginia areas of Hampton Roads, Chincoteague, Lower Northern Neck, and Lower Eastern Shore; the Mary- land areas of Crisfield, Cambridge, and Ocean City; and the North Carolina areas of Atlantic, Beaufort, and Morehead City; together with cumulative and com- parative data on fishery products and shrimp produc- tion; for the month indicated. 108 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 11 from fur seals, and related data. Also includes data on the Pribilof sealskin industry and on natural col- ors of seals and their pelts. (Seattle) Washington and Alaska Receipts and Landings of Fishery Products for Selected Areas and Fisher- ies, Monthly Summary, August 1962, 9 pp. (Market News Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 706 Federal Office Bldg., 909 First Ave., Seattle 4, Wash.) Includes Seattle's landings by the halibut and salmon fleets reported through the exchanges; landings of halibut reported by the International Pacific Halibut Commission; landings of otter-trawl receipts re- ported by the Fishermen's Marketing Association of Washington; local landings by independent vessels; coastwise shipments from Alaska by scheduled and non-scheduled shipping lines and airways; imports from British Columbia via rail, motor truck, ship- ping lines, and ex-vessel landings; and imports from other countries through Washington customs district; for the month indicated. "Shipping Small Chinook Salmon in Closed Plastic Con- tainers,'' by Richard S. Harrison and Keith D. Moore, article, Progressive Fish-Culturist, vol. 24, no. 3, July 1962, pp. 135-136, illus., processed, 25 cents. MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS MENTIONED. DATA ON PRICES, IF READILY AVAILABLE, ARE SHOWN. New York City's Wholesale Fishery Trade--Monthly Summary--May 1962, 21 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 155 John St., New York 38, N. Y.) Includes summaries and analyses ABALONE: of receipts and prices on wholesale Fulton Fish Market, including both the salt- and fresh-water sections; imports entered at New York customs dis- trict; primary wholesalers! selling prices for fresh, frozen, and selected canned fishery products; mar- keting trends; and landings at Fulton Fish Market docks ‘and Stonington, Conn.; for the month indicated. "Isolation of a Photodynamic Agent from the Liver of Abalone Haliotis discus hannai,'’ by Yoshiro Hashi- moto and Junzo Tsutsumi, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 27, September 1961, pp. 859-866, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-Chome, Shiba- Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. ALASKA: Regulations of the Alaska Board of Fish and Game for Commercial Fishing in Alaska, 124 pp., printed. THE FOLLOWING SERVICE PUBLICATIONS ARE FOR SALE AND ARE AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, U. S. GOV- ERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON 25, D. C. "A Comparison of Rearing Methods for Channel Catfish Fingerlings,'"' by J. R. Snow, article, Progressive Fish-Culturist, vol. 24, no. 3, July 1962, pp. 112-118, processed, 25 cents. "A Device for Evaluating the Numbers and Rates of Downstream Fish Movements," by Donald H. Nolting, article, Progressive Fish-Culturist, vol. 24, no. 3, July 1962, pp. 131-132, illus., processed, 25 cents. "Hatchery-Reared Atlantic Salmon Smolts in Ten Months," by Henry C. Markus, article, Progressive Fish-Culturist, vol. 24, no. 3, July 1962, pp. 127- 130, illus., processed, 25 cents. "Lethal Effect of Fluorescent Light on the Eggs of the Brook Trout,'' by Alfred Perlmutter and Edward White, article, Progressive Fish-Culturist, vol. 24, no. 1, January 1962, pp. 26-30, processed, single copy 25 cents. "A 132-Kilocycle Sonic Fish Tag," by Anthony J. Nov- otny and Gordon F. Esterberg, article, Progressive Fish-Culturist, vol. 24, no. 3, July 1962, pp. 139- 141, illus., processed, 25 cents. "Pelage and Surface Topography of the Northern Fur Seal," by Victor B. Scheffer, North American Fauna No. 64, 212 pp., illus., printed, $1, 1961. Contains information on the fur-seal pelage of the northern fur seal,Callorhinus ursinus (L.),on the Pribilof Islands. Describes certain gross and microscopic aspects of the pelage on representative specimens ranging in age from fetal to old adult, and other features of the surface topography. Contains sta- tistical data on length and weight of male andfemale fetal seals, sizes of male sealskins taken in early and late season, trade classification of sealskins with relation to field length of seals, yield of oil Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 229 Alaska Office Bldg., Juneau, Alaska, 1962. Contains license fees and statutes, definitions of terms used in the regulations, and provisions for commercial fishing in Alaska and in international waters. The general provisions section discusses regulations such as license requirements for fishermen, vessels, and gear; reports required from operators; inspection of fishery establishments; prohibition of explosives, chemicals, and poisons. Also discusses salmon, bottomfish, smelt, herring, shellfish, whitefish, sheefish, and char fisheries requirements; subsis- tence fishery provisions; and emergency regulations. ALGAE: "Ninhydrin Reactive Substances in Marine Algae. I--On the Absorbable Fraction on Strong Cationic Ion-Exchange Resin; II--On the Nonabsorbable Fraction on Strong Cationic Ion-Exchange Resin," by Mitsuo Kuriyama, article, Bulletin of the apes nese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 27, Ju y 1961, pp. 9-698, printed in Japanese. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-Chome, Shiba- Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. ALGERIA: "La place de la peche maritime dans le developpe- ment economique de 1'Algerie'' (The Position of the Marine Fishery in the Economic Development of Algeria), by R. Simonnet, article, La Peche Mari- time, vol. 41, no. 1012, July 1962, pp. 512-518, illus., printed in French. La Peche Maritime, 190, Boule- vard Haussmann, Paris, France. AMINO ACIDS: Amino Acid Composition of Fresh Fish and Influence of Storage and Processing (Paper read at FAO In- ternational Conference on Fish in Nutrition, Wash- ington, D. C., 19-27 September 1961), by F. A. L. Bramstedt, 8 pp., processed in English with French November 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 109 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. and Spanish abstracts. Fisheries Division, Foodand Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, 1961. "A Chromatographic Analysis of the Bound Amino Acids in Lamprey Muscle (Petromyzontidae),"' by Bruce M. Carlson, article, Journal of Experimental Zoology, vol. 147, no. 1, 1961, pp. 43-56, printed. Cambridge University Press, 200 Euston Rd., Lon- don NW1, England. ANTIBIOTICS: "The Method of Determination of Chlortetracycline in Fish Muscle," by G. B. Dubrova, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 55, November 13, 1961, 23866a, printed. Amer- ican Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washing- ton, D. C. BACTERIOLOGY: "Influence of Heavy Metals Upon the Growth and the Activity of Marine Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria," by Y. Hata, article, Journal of the Shimonoseki College of Fisheries, vol. 9, 1960, pp. 363-367, printed in Japanese with English summary. Shimonoseki Col- lege of Fisheries, Jamaguchi Prefecture, Yoshimi, Shimonoseki, Japan. "Response of Marine Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria tothe Salinity of Culture Medium," by Y. Hata, article, Journal of the Shimonoseki College of Fisheries, vol. 9, 1960, pp. 329-345, printed in Japanese with English summary. Shimonoseki College of Fisher - ies, Jamaguchi Prefecture, Yoshimi, Shimonoseki, Japan. BIOCHEMISTRY: "Muscle Extracts of Aquatic Animals. III--On the Method for Determination of Betaine and its Content of the Muscle of Some Marine Animals," by Shoji Konosu and Eiichi Kasai, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 27, February 1961, pp. 194-198, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-chome, Shiba- Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. "Ophidin Isolated from Whale Pancreas," by Shigeru Tsuno, Akhiko Musashi, and Kazuyoshi Horisaka, article, Proceedings of the Japan Academy, 1959, pp. 485-490, printed in German. Secretary, Office of the Japanese Academy, Ueno Park, Tokyo, Japan. "On the Prosthetic Group of Hemoglobin and Myo- globin of Tuna,'' by Yuzo Yamaguchi and Fumio Matsuura, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 27, January 1961, pp. 38- 41, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisher - ies, 6-chome, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. "Studies on Muscle of Aquatic Animals. XXIX--Ex- tractability of Fish Myosin (Part 1). Composition of Myosins Extracted Under Various Conditions," by Tadao Ueda, Yutaka Shimizu, and Wataru Simidu, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 27, February 1961, pp. 150-157, printed in Japanese. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-chome, Shiba Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. "Sulfhdryl Groups and the Retardation of Cleavage by Extracts of Sea Urchin Eggs,'' by Nancy Wolfson and K. M. Wilbur, article, Experimental Gell Re- search, vol. 21, 1960, pp. 219-222, printed. Ex- perimental Cell Research, Academic Press, Inc., 111 Fifth Ave., New York 3, N. Y. BIVALVES: Effects of Turbidity on Some Larval and Adult Bi- valves, by Victor L. Loosanoff, 16 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, Fourteenth An- nual Session, November 1961, pp. 80-95.) Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, Marine Laboratory, University of Miami, #1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. CALIFORNIA: A Field Guide to Some Common Ocean Sport Fishes Shall, and Richard Nitsos, 40 pp., illus., printed. California Department of Fish and Game, 722 Cap- ital Ave., Sacramento 14, Calif., 1961. Statistical Report of Fresh, Canned, Cured and Man- ufactured Fishery Products, Year 1961, Circular No. 36, 16 pp., printed. Department of Fish and Game, Biostatistical Section, Marine Resources Operations, Sacramento Calif., 1962. Thisreport, the latest in a series of annual reports on com- mercial fishery production in California, includes statistical tables on landings by species andareas, imports of tuna, and pack of canned fish. Dataalso cover volume of other types of processed fish, sar- dine meal and oil production, and the annual pack of sardines, anchovies, tuna, and bonito and yellow- tail. Lists canning and reduction plants operating in 1961 as well as plants curing and manufacturing fishery products. CANADA: ies, Economics Branch, Pacific Area, Vancouver, B. C., Canada, April 1962. Discusses the total value of fish and fish products produced in 1961 with an analysis of the increase in total landings; landed and marketed value, production and utiliza- tion, and canned pack of salmon; landings and value of herring, halibut, crab, and shrimp; fishing ves- sels; gear and equipment; and number of licensed fishermen. Includes statistical tables on landings and values by species and by years; salmon pack, 1961; fish-liver production; and other similar data. Fisheries Statistics of Canada, 1960 (Canada Sum- mary), 65 pp., printed in English and French, 75 Canadian cents. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada, June.1962. This report provides a summary of the Canadian fisheries, ar- ranged to show separately the three main fisheries areas--Atlantic, Pacific, and Inland. Also contains statistical tables on landings, quantity, and value by species and provinces; value of exports and imports of fish and fishery products; employment and cap- ital equipment in the primary industry; and fish processing, packing, or handling establishments in Canada and the provinces. 110 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 11 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. Fisheries Statistics of Canada (Nova Scotia), 1960, 42 pp., printed in French and English, C$1. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada, June 1962. Consists of tables giving the quantity and value of fish and shellfish landed in Nova Scotia, 1948-60; quantity and value by species and fisheries districts, 1959-60; capital equipment employed and number of persons engaged in the primary opera- tions by fisheries districts, 1959-60; and classifica- tion of powered fishing craft by over-all length. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 19, no. 4, July 1962, 214 pp., illus., printed, single copy C$1.50. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. Includes, among others, the following articles: ''The Effect of Re- duction of Fishing Effort on Yield," by Syoiti Tanaka; "Comparison of Ocean Growth and Mortality of Sock- eye Salmon during Their Last Two Years," by W. E. Ricker; ''Estimations of-Ocean Mortality Rates for Pacific Salmon (Oncorhynchus),"' by Robert R. Parker; "Proteins in Fish Muscle. 17--Fractionation of Aqueous Extracts with Zinc Acetate," by J. R. Dingle, J. A. Hines, and J. M. Neelin; ''Conversion of the Free Fatty Acids of Cod Oil to Methyl Esters in Situ,'' by R. G. Ackman and others; "Effect of Tet- racycline Antibiotics on Objective and Subjective Fish Quality Tests," by J. W. Boyd and B. A. South- cott; Blood pH and Mortality in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdnerii) and Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhyn- chus nerka),” by R. E. E. Jonas, Harcharan S. Seh- dev, and N. Tomlinson; "Skin -Diving Observations of Atlantic Salmon and Brook Trout in the Miramichi River, New Brunswick," by Miles H. A. Keenleyside; "Physical Properties and Hydrostatic Function of the Swimbladder of Herring (Clupea harengus L.)," by Vivien M. Brawn; "Distinctions between the Broad Whitefish, Coregonus nasus, and Other North Amer- ican Whitefishes,” by C. C. Lindsey; "Effect of Food Quantity on Fecundity of Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri," by D. P. Scott; and "The Phospholipid Content of Lingcod Muscle during Frozen Storage," by R. E. E. Jonas and N. Tomlinson. Operations of Modern Fishing Craft, Atlantic Sea- board, 1960, by John Proskie, Primary Industry Studies No. 1, vol. 10, 141 pp., processed. Eco- nomics Service, Department of Fisheries of Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 1962. (Available from Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada.) Annual progress report on a study of the economics of primary fishing enterprises in the Atlantic prov- inces. Presents in summary form the results of fishing activities and the financial outcome for 139 primary fishing enterprises. The statistical data cover description of boats, capital cost, financing, and ownership; landings and landed values of fishery products, prices, receipts, expenditures, and net re- turns; fishing effort and returns; geographic opera- tional areas; and seasonal fishing effort and landings. "Proximate Composition of Canadian Atlantic Fish. Il--Mackerel, Tuna, and Swordfish," by A. Mannan, D. I. Fraser, and W. J. Dyer, article, Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 18, no. 4, July 1961, pp. 495-499, printed. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. ° CARP: "O Prichinakh Zabolevaniya Sazana v Del'Te Volgi" (The Causes of the Disease Among the Carp of the Volga Delta), by M. S. Kun, Biological Abstracts, vol. 37, no. 3, 1962, 8405, etateds University of Pennsylvania, 38-5 Walnut St., Philadelphia 4, Pa. Serological Analysis of Wild and Domesticated Forms of Carp (CYPRINUS CARPIO L.), by D. N. Taliev, OTS 61-11418, 45 pp., illus., printed, 50 cents. (Translated from Trudy Zoologicheskogo instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR, vol. 8, no. 1, 1946, pp. 43-88.) Office of Technical Services, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D. C., 1961. CATFISH: "Arkansas Studying Commercial Feeding of Channel Catfish,'' article, Feedstuffs, vol. 33, November 18, 1961, p. 77, printed. Feedstuffs, Miller Publishing Co., 2501 Wayzata Blvd., Minneapolis 5, Minn. "A Comparison of Spawning Environments for the Channel Catfish," by J. R. Snow, article, Proceed- ings of the Fourteenth Annual Conference, South- eastern Association of Game and Fish Commis- Sioners, pp. 137-142, printed. Southeasters Asso- Ciation of Game and Fish Commissioners, Columbia, S. C., 1960. "Preliminary Results on the Production and Spawning of White Catfish in Ponds," by E. E. Prather and H. S. Swingle, article, Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Conference, Southeastern Association of Game Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Com- missioners, Columbia, S. C., 1960. "Spawning of Channel Catfish by Use of Hormone," by Ben A. Nelson, article, Proceedings of the Four- teenth Annual Conference, Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners, pp. 145-148, printed. Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners, Columbia, S. C., 1960. CHAR: "Age and Growth of the Freshwater Stage of Anadro- mous Char Salvelinus alpinus (L.),"' by Jorgen Niel- sen, article, Meddelelser om Gronland, vol. 159, no. 8, 1961, printed in Danish. Meddelelser om Gronland, C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, Denmark. CHITIN: "Structure of Chitin,'' by N. E. Dweltz, article, Bio- chimica et Biophysica Acta (International Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics), vol. 44, 1960, pp. 416- 435, printed. Elsevier Publishing Co., P.O. Box211, Amsterdam, Holland. CLAMS: "Clam Poison. Il--Purification of Clam Poison Res- idues of Low Toxicity by a Heavy-Paper Technique," by R. A. B. Bannard and A. A. Casselman, article, Canadian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 39, October 1961, pp. 1879-1887, printed. National Research Council, Ottawa 2, Canada. "Marine Sterols. [X--Biosynthesis of 24-Methylene- cholesterol in Clams," by U. H. M. Fagerlund and November 1962 OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM, D. R. Idler, article, Canadian Journal of Biochemis- try and Physiology, vol. 39, September 1961, pp. 1347-1355, printed. Division of Administration, The National Research Council, Sussex St., Ottawa, Can- ada. COD: "Chemical Characteristics of Salted Cod," by A. Car- din and others, article, Journal of the Fisheries Re- search Board of Canada, vol. 18, September 1961, pp. 851-858, printed. Queen's Printer and Control- ler of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. The Effect of Linoleic and Linoleic Acids on the Sol- “ubility of Cod Actomyosin (Paper read at FAO In- ternational Conference on Fish in Nutrition, Wash- ington D. C., 19-27 September 1961), by F. J. King, M. L. Anderson, and M. A. Steinberg, printed in English with French and Spanish abstracts. Fish- eries Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Cara- calla, Rome, Italy, 1961. "The Light Pickle Salting of Cod," by P. B. Crean, article, Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 18, September 1961, pp. 833-844, printed. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. "Partial Desalting of Salted Cod,'' by P. B. Crean, article, Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of ueen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. "Temperature and the Biochemical Processes Oc- curring during Rigor Mortis in Cod Muscle," by Doris I. Fraser, Somsee Punjamapirom, and W. J. printed. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Queen's Printer and Controller of Sta- tionery, Ottawa, Canada. "Vliyanie Gidrologicheskikh Uslovii na Sroki Neresta i Urozhaninost! Baltiiskoi Treski'' (The Effect of Hydrobiologic Conditions on the Spawning Time and Productivity of the Baltic Cod), by A. E. Antonov, article, Trudy Baltiiskogo Nauchno-Issledovatel skii, Inst. Morskogo Rybnogo Khoz. i Okeanograf., vol. 6, 1960, pp. 22-27, printed in Russian. Four Continent Book Corp., 156 5th Ave., New York 10, INDY: COLD STORAGE: Economical Methods of Maintaining Low Temperature and High Humidity in Cold Stores, by S. Forbes Pearson, Torry Memoir No. 31, 6 pp., printed. Tor- ry Research Station, Aberdeen, Scotland. "Freezing and Cold Storage: Determination of Tough- ness," article, Torry Research Station, Annual Re- port 1960, pp. 15-16, printed. Torry Research Sta- tion, Aberdeen, Scotland, 1961. "Storage in Chilled Sea Water: Use of Flake Ice for Storage at Sea," article, Torry Research Station, Annual Report 1960, pp. 7-8, printed. Torry Re- search Station, Aberdeen, Scotland, 1961. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 111 eries Commission for the Year 1961, 120 pp., illus., printed. Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission, 741 State Office Bldg., 1400 SW. 5th Ave., Portland 1, Oreg. Reports briefly the specific activities of the Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission during 1961 and presents a review of developments in the fields of research, regulation, and coordination. Reviews recent changes in Commission policy, meetings and conferences held during 1961, and Federal legisla- tion of interest to the Commission. Presents sec- tions on the status of albacore, crab, pink shrimp, troll salmon, and bottomfish fisheries of the Pacific Coast. Also includes the results of investigations on the distribution of albacore in the North Pacific, the inspection of Japanese oyster seed, a mortality study on preseason troll-caught silver salmon, and the embryonic survival of coho salmon and steelhead trout as influenced by some environmental conditions in gravel beds. COMMUNIST CHINA: "China's Fishing Industry is Developing Fast,''article, World Fishing, vol. 10, December 1961, p. 51, printed. John Trundell Ltd., St. Richard's House, Eversholt St., London NW1, England. "Gibrobiologicheskje i Ikhtiologicheskie Issledovaniya Rek Yantszy i Khan'Tszyan v Svyazi s Gibrostroi- tel'Stvom v Basseine Reki Yantszy v Kitaiskoi Na- rodnoi Respublike''(Hydrobiological and Ichthyologi- cal Studies on the Yangtze and Hanchiang Rivers in Connection With the Construction of a Dam in the Yangtze River Basin in the Chinese Peoples' Repub- lic), by Pai Kuo-Tung and others, article, Zoologi- cheski Zhurnal, vol. 8, 1960, pp. 1121-1134, printed in Russian. Redaktsiia Zoologicheskogo Zhurnala, Podsosenskii per. d. 21., Moscow B-64, U.S.S.R. COMPOSITION: "Adenosinetriphosphate and the Related Compounds in the Muscle of Aquatic Animals," article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 27, May 1961, pp. 461-470, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-chome, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. "Changes in Chemical Composition of Fish Tissue During Storage,'' by A. N. Bose and D. Roy Chowd- hury, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 54, June 25, 1960, 12416b, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C. "Proximate Composition of Canadian Atlantic Fish. II--Mackerel, Tuna and Swordfish," by A. Mannan, D. I. Fraser, and W. J. Dyer, article, Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 18, July — 1961, pp. 495-499, printed. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. Proximate Composition of Fish (Paper read at FAO International Conference on Fish in Nutrition, Wash- ington, D. C.,19-27 September 1961), by M. E. Stans- by, 7 pp., processed in English with French and Spanish abstracts. Fisheries Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, 1961. 112 "Studies on the Ascorbic Acid Content of Fish Tissues. I,'' by P. Ambuja Bai and M. Kalyani, article, Jour- nal of the Zoological Society of India, vol. 12, no. 2, T961, pp. 216-219, printed. Zoological Society of India, c/o Zoological Survey of India, 34 Chittaran- jan Ave., Calcutta 12, India. CRABS: "Metabolism of Glucose in the Crabs Cancer magister and Hemigrapsus nudus,"' by V. R. Meenakshi and B. T. Scheer, article, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, vol. 3, 1961, pp. 30-41, printed. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 122 E. 55th St., New York 22, N. Y. CZECHOSLOVAKIA: "Okhrana Rybnykh Zapasov v Chekhoslovakii"' (Con- servation of Fish Resources in Czechoslovakia), by N. Bakanov, article, Rybovodstvo i Rybolobstvo, vol. 1, 1961, pp. 54-55, pririted in Russian. Mini- sterstvo sel'skogo Khoziaistva SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. DENMARK: "Danmarks Fiskekonservesindustri, 1961-62" (Den- mark's Fish Canning Industry, 1961-62), article, Konserves & Dybfrost, vol. 20, no. 6, 1962, pp. 74- 76, illus., printed in Danish. Konserves & Dybfrost, Gothersgade 2, 1., Copenhagen K, Denmark. DRIED FISH: "Studies on Dried Bombay Duck (Harpoden nehereus). I--Denaturation of Proteins and Texture Changes During Drying; II--Changes in the Nutritive Value During Processing,'' by P. L. Sawant and N. G. Mag- ar, article, Journal of the Science of Food and Ag- riculture, vol. 12, 1961, pp. 298-305, illus., printed. Society of Chemical Industry, 14 Belgrave Square, London SW1, England. ELECTRICAL FISHING: "Electric Fishing with Pulsatory Direct Current," by A. M. R. Burnet, article, New Zealand Journal of Science, vol. 2, 1959, pp. 46-56, printed. Depart- ment of Scientific and Industrial Research, P. O. Box 8018, Government Bldg., Wellington Cl, New Zealand. ENZYMES: Conference on Fish in Nutrition, Washington, D. C. 19-27 September 1961), by G. Siebert, printed in English with French and Spanish abstracts. Fish- eries Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Cara- calla, Rome, Italy, 1961. FACTOR YSHIP: "Designing the Refrigerating Plant of Fish Factory- ship," by E. Zimmerman, article, Schiffbautechnik, vol. 10, 1960, pp. 379-389, printed in German. VEB Verlag Technik, 13/14 Oranienburgerstrasse, Ber- lin C. 2, Germany. FARM PONDS: Some Aspects of the Ecology and Management of Warm-Water Fish in New York Farm Ponds, by Henry Abraham Regier, thesis, 420 pp., processed. Cornell University, Ithaca, N. ee LGA COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 11 FATTY ACIDS: Monoenoic Fatty nds in Dogfish Livers: Isomers of the ©16, ©18, ©20, and ©22 Series,"'by Donald C. Malins and Clifford R. Houle, article, Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, vol. 108, October 1961, pp. 126-129, printed. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 630 W. 168th St., New York 32, N. Y. FILLETS: "Large-Scale Mechanized Fish Filleting," article, Food Processing and Packaging, vol. 29, 1960, pp. 367-370, printed. Food Processing and Packaging, Tothill Press Ltd., 33 Tothill St., London SW1, Eng- land. Discusses the mechanized large-scale produc- tion of fillets at a quick-freezing plant at Hammer- fest, Norway. Describes how iced fresh fish deliv- ered by trawlers are first washed and disinfected, weighed, cut into two portions by splitting down the middle, filleted, and skinned. Each fillet is then subjected to an examination on a translucent glass panel so that any bones and discolorations are re- vealed and removed. After critical analysis by a quality-control expert, the fillets are routed accord- ing to their intended use. This will be either for fish-stick production or for sale in consumer pack- ages. FISH BAIT: "A New Fish Bait," article, Current Affairs Bulletin, Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council, no. 31, 1961, pp. 10- I1, printed. Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council, FAO Regional Office, Bangkok, Thailand. "Spratelloides delicatulus (Bennet) as a Potential Live Bait for Tuna in the Laccadives,'' by S. Jones, arti- cle, Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, vol. 2, no. 1, 1960, pp. 103-104, illus., printed. Marine Biological Association, Marine Fisheries Post Office, Mandapam Camp, South India. FISH BEHAVIOR: "Opyt Primeneniya Tekhnicheskikh Sredstv Izucheniya Raspredeleniya i Povedeniya Promyslovykh Ryb" (An Experiment in Applying Technical Means for Studying the Distribution and Behavior of Commer - cial Fishes), by O. N. Kiselev, article, Trudy Sove- shchaniia, Ikhtiol. Komissiia Akad. Nauk R, vol. 10, 1960, pp. 235-238, printed in Russian. Four Con- tinent Book Corp., 156 5th Ave., New York 10, N. Y. FISHERY RESEARCH: The Establishment of a National Program of Fisheries Research, by C. R. Idyll, Contribution No. 271, 5 pp., printed. (Reprinted from Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council, 9th Proceedings, section III, 1961, pp. 1 7-21.) Marine Laboratory, University of Miami, #1 Ricken- backer Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. FISHERY RESOURCES: "Natural Resources of the Sea," by Louis S. Kornicker, article, Naval Research Reviews, June 1961, pp.1-9, illus., printed. Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy, Washington 25, D. C. A brief review of the sea's natural resources and the part the Navy plays in the development of the marine sciences in the United States. The author discusses the develop- ment and acquisition of new and improved research instruments, devices, and techniques for oceanograph- ic research. Resources of the sea are also discussed. November 1962 The World Biomass of Marine Fishes (Paper read at FAO International Conference on Fish in Nutrition, Washington D. C., 19-27 September 1961), by H. W. Graham and R. L. Edwards, 6 pp., illus., processed in English with French and Spanish abstracts. Fish- eries Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Cara- calla, Rome, Italy, 1961. FISH FARMING: Fish Farming Methods in the Philippines, Indonesia, and Hong Kong, by T. Gottfried Pillai, FAO Fisher - ies Biology Technical Paper No. 18, 74 pp., illus., processed, limited distribution. Food and Agricul- ture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, March 1962. This report is the result of a 25-week study tour ona fellowship granted by the Food and Agriculture Or- ganization of the United Nations. The methods of brackish-water and fresh-water fish farming, as practiced in the Philippines, Indonesia and Hong Kong are discussed. Covers the culture of milkfish, shrimp, siganid, oyster and Mytilus, grey mullet, rice-cum-fish, and fresh-water species. The mate- rial is arranged and presented as a guide, and may also serve as a basis for the classification and ac- cumulation of data on fish-farming methods. "Fish Hatcheries and Farms Flourishing," article, Japan Report, vol. 7, November 15, 1961, p. 10, printed. Information Office, Consulate General of Japan, 253 E. 42nd St., New York 17, N. Y. FISH FAUNA: "Benthic Fauna of Georges Bank,'' by Roland L. Wig- ley, article, Transactions of the Twenty-Sixth North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Confer - ~ ence, pp. 310-317, printed. Wildlife Management Institute, Wire Bldg., Washington 5, D. C., 1961. FISH FLOUR: Fish Flour--Technological Developments in Canada “(Paper read at FAO International Conference on Fish in Nutrition, Washington, D. C.,19-27 Septem- ber 1961), by H. Fougere, 8 pp., illus., processed in English with French and Spanish abstracts. Fisher - ies Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, 1961. Fish Flour --Technological Developments in Iceland (Paper read at FAO International Conference on Fish in Nutrition, Washington, D. C., 19-27 Septem- ber 1961), by G. Hannesson, 6 pp., printed in Eng- lish with French and Spanish abstracts. Fisheries Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, 1961. Fish Flour--Technological Developments in Scandi- navia (Paper read at FAO International Conference on Fish in Nutrition, Washington, D. C.,19-27 Sep- tember 1961), by K. Bakken, 10 pp., illus., printed in English with French and Spanish abstracts. Fish- eries Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Cara- calla, Rome, Italy. Fish Flour--Technological Developments in the United States of America (Paper read at the FAO Interna- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 113 tional Conference on Fish in Nutrition, Washington, D. C., 19-27 September 1961), by E. R. Pariser, 11 pp., processed in English with French and Spanish abstracts. Fisheries Division, Food and Agriculture Or ganization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, 1961. FISH MEAL: "Available Lysine as an Index of Fish Meal Quality," by Shirley Kellenbarger, article, Poultry Science, vol. 40, November 1961, pp. 1756-1759, printed. Poultry Science Association, Ohio State University, Columbus 10, Ohio. "Fish Meal Does Not Flavor Beef," article, Feedstuffs, vol. 33, September 23, 1961, p. 75, printed. Feed- stuffs, Miller Publishing Co., 2501 Wayzata Blvd., Minneapolis 5, Minn. "Fish Meal Growth Factor Remains Potent in Storage," article, Feedstuffs, vol. 34, February 17, 1962, p. 24, printed. Feedstufts, Miller Publishing Co., 2501 Wayzata Blvd., Minneapolis 5, Minn. "The Nutrition of the Early-Weaned Calf. II--A Com- parison of Commercial Peanut Meal, Heat-Treated Peanut Meal, and Fish Meal as the Major Protein Source in the Diet,'' by F. G. Whitelaw, T. R. Preston, and G. S. Dawson, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 55, Oc- tober 16, 1961, 21297a, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. (Sr "The Value of Menhaden Fish Meal in Practical Broiler Diets,'' by R. H. Harms, P. W. Waldroup, and C. R. Douglas, article, Poultry Science, vol. 40, November 1961, pp. 1617-1622, printed. Poultry Science Asso- ciation, Ohio State University, Columbus 10, Ohio. FISH MEAL AND SOLUBLES: "Nutritive Element of Fish Meal and Solubles Produced in Various Countries,'' by Shigeo Murayama and Ma- saaki Yanase, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 55, May 1, 1961, 8691c, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C. FISH MORTALITY: "A Method of Estimating Mortality Rates From Change in Composition," by Robert H. Lander, article, Jour- nal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 19, no. 1, January 1962, pp. 159-168, printed. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. FISH MUSCLE: "The Specific Heat and Thermal Conductivity of Fish Muscle," by A. C. Jason and R. A. K. Long, article, Froid, 177 Blvd. Malesherbes, Paris 17e, France. "Water Retention of Fish Muscle Paste. II--Effect of pH on the Water-Holding Capacity,'' by Yutaka Shim- izu, Isao Fujita, and Wataru Simidu, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 26, July 1960, pp. 749-752, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-chome, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. FISH OILS: "Preparation of a Coating Material by Chlorination of Fish Oil. X--Change in Melting Point of a Chlorina- 114 tion Product Caused by Irradiation with %-Rays; XI--Fire-Retardative Effect of a Chlorination Prod- uct of Fish Oil on Coating Materials Mixed There- with; XII-Temperature during Combustion of a Wooden Plate Painted with a Coating Material Con- taining a Chlorination Product of Fish Oil," by Ko- saku Suzuki, articles, Bulletin of the Japanese Soci- Japanese. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-chome, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. "Studies on Antimicrobial Action of Oxidized Fish Oil. VI--Relation Between Antimicrobial Action and Co- polymerization of Oxidized Oil,'' by Masamichi To- yomizu, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 27, May 1961, pp. 446-450 printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-chome, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Ja- pan. 2 "On the Yellowtail Oil. III--On the Compound Lipids in Liver," by Hideo Tsuyuki and Uhei Naruse, arti- cle, Journal of Japan Oil Chemists! Society, vol. 10, no. 8, 1961, pp. 474-479, printed. Japan Oil Chem- ist's Society, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Moto- fujicho, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. FISH PRESERVES: "Preserves Made of Marine Byproducts," by K. A. Barbaianov, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 35, 1959, pp. 57-61, printed in Russian. VNIRO Glavni- proekta, pri Gosplanie SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. FISH PROCESSING: Research in Connection with Processing of Fish on Board (Paper read at Visserij Congres, Scheven- ingen, Netherlands, 31 May-2 June 1961), byJ. van Mameren, printed. Institute for Fishery Products, Haringkade 1, Ijmuiden, Netherlands, 1961. FISH SAMPLING: "Results of Sampling the Fish Population of an 88- Acre Pond by Electrical, Chemical, and Mechanical Methods," by Albert E. Sanderson, Jr., article, Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Conference, Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Com- missioners, pp. 185-198, printed. Southeastern As- sociation of Game and Fish Commissioners, Colum- bias So" 1960: "Toward a Safe and Effective Method of Using Dyna- mite to Sample Fish Populations and Determine Species Range in Large Rivers," by Robert C. Ave- rett and Robert M. Stubbs, article, Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science, vol. 37, no. 1, 1962, pp. 20-22, printed. Secretary, Tennessee Academy of Science, Belmont College, Nashville, Tenn. FISH SCHOOLING: "The Development of Schooling in Fishes. II," by Evelyn Shaw, article, Physiological Zoology, vol. 34, no. 4, 1961, pp. 263-272, printed. University of Chicago Press, 5750 Ellis Ave., Chicago 37, Ill. FISH SOLUBLES: "Isolation and Nature of an Unidentified Growth Fac- tor(s) in Condensed Fish Solubles,'' by Michael E. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 11 THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE Mason, Jacob Sacks, and E. L. Stephenson, article, Journal of Nutrition, vol. 75, November 1961, pp. 253-264, printed. American Institute of Nutrition, 36th St. at Spruce, Philadelphia 4, Pa. FISH SPOILAGE: "The Pseudomonas and Achromobacter Groups of Bacteria in the Spoilage of Marine Whitefisn,'' by J. M. Shewan, G. Hobbs, and W. Hodgkiss, article, Journal of Applied Bacteriology, vol. 23, no. 3, 1960, pp. 463-468, printed. Wallace’and Tierman Ltd., Power Rd., London W4, England. FISH STORAGE: "Changes in Histological Texture and Additional Freez - ing Out of Water in Fish Tissue During Storage," by A. I. Piskarev and A. K. Kaminarskaya, article, Kho- lodil'naya Tekhnika, no. 2, 1962, pp. 34-38, illus., _ printed in Russian. Kholodil'naya Tekhnika, Four Continent Book Corp., 822 Broadway, New York 3, NeeYe FISH TRAPS: "Evaluation of a Wire Fish Trap as a Commercial Fishing Device in Large Impoundments," by A. Leon Kirkland, article, Proceedings of the Fourteenth An- nual Conference, Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners, pp. 199-215, printed. South- eastern Association of Game and Fish Commission- ers, Columbia, S. C., 1960. FISHWAYS: "A Report on the Operation of a Fishway on Lake Bistineau, La.,"' by Donald W. Geagan and Harry E. Schafer, article, Proceedings of the Fourteenth An- nual Conference, Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners, pp. 222-225, printed. Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Com- missioners, Columbia, S. C., 1960. FLORIDA: port No. 62-4, 208 pp., illus., processed. Marine Laboratory, University of Miami, #1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. Contains data collected during 1961 on seven cruises with the R/V Gerda and three cruises with the M/V Green Seas in Florida Straits and the eastern part of the Gulf of Mexico. The data were obtained for studies of the hydrograph- ic conditions prevailing in Florida Straits and adja- cent waters, with particular regard to the kinematics of the water movements and also to the physical en- vironment of the shrimp population inhabiting Florida Bay. The tracks of the vessels and the positions at which observations were made are shown in charts. Also includes bathythermograph traces and code tables. FOOD ADDITIVES: "Food Additives: A Reference Guide," article, Frosted. Food Field, vol. 33, December 1961, pp. 13-14, 16-19, printed. Frosted Food Field, Inc., 321 Broadway, New Wonk: 7, GNes-Ye FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION: Current Bibliography for Aquatic Sciences and Fish- eries--Taxonomic Classi ication, FAO Fisheries Biology Technical Paper No. 12, 90 pp., processed in English, French, and Spanish, limited distribution. November 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 115 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, December 1961. This paper contains a list, in alphabetical order, of generic names occurring in the taxonomic indexes of the Current Bibliogra- FAO Catalogue of Fisheries Publications and Docu- ments, May 1948-1962 (Provisional edition), com- piled by Patricia M. Andrews, 56 pp., processed in English, French, and Spanish. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, 1962. Replaces the pre- vious edition of June 1961. Lists publications and documents issued by FAO, such as FAO Fisheries Papers, FAO Fisheries Study series, and Meeting and Survey Reports; and publications of the Indo- Pacific Fisheries Council, General Fisheries Coun- cil for the Mediterranean, European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission, and Regional Fisheries Com- mission for Western Africa. Also lists publications issued by permission of FAO and reprints of docu- ments or articles not published by but available from FAO. The Food and Agriculture Organization has published reports describing that Agency's activities under the Expanded Technical Assistance Program for devel- oping the fisheries of many countries. These reports have not been published on a sales basis, but have been processed only for limited distribution to gov- ernments, libraries, and universities. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. Rapport au Gouvernement de la Yougoslavie sur L'Os- treiculture et la Mytiliculture (Report to the Govern- ment of Yugoslavia on Oyster Culture and Mussel Culture), by Pierre E. Lubet, FAO Report No. 1334, 77 pp., processed in French, 1961. Report on the Training Centre for Master Fishermen Conducted by the United Arab Republic and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations at Suez (September 1-October 1960), by P. A. Lusyne, FAO Report No. 1345, 27 pp., illus., processed, 1961. Rapporto al Governo della Yugoslavia sulla Pesca Marittima (Report to the Government of Yugoslavia on the Marine Fisheries), by Luigi Fausto Farina, FAO Report No. 1367, 23 pp., illus., processed in Italian, 1961. General Fisheries Council for the Mediterranean, Proceedings and Technical Papers, no. 6, 482 pp., illus., printed in French and English. General Fish- eries Council for the Mediterranean, Food and Ag- riculture Or ganization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, 1961. Part I contains a list of the participants and a summary record of the plenary sessions of the sixth session of the GFCM, Rome, September 22-28, 1960. In- cluded is a report of the work programs and re- commendations and resolutions of the marine re- sources, production, utilization, inland waters, and economics and statistics committees. Part II con- sists of the texts of the technical papers presented in addition to lists of the papers in numerical order and in alphabetical order of authors. FREEZE-DRYING: "Freeze-Drying of Foodstuffs,’ by G. W. Oetjen, arti- cle, Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 4, no. 1, 1961, pp. 10-12, illus., printed. Foxlow Publications Ltd., 19 Harcourt St., London W1, England. "How Freeze-Dried Shrimp are Produced," article, Food Processing, vol. 22, December 1961, pp. 27-31, printed. Food Processing, Putman Publishing Co., 111 E. Delaware Pl., Chicago 11, Ill. FREEZER-TRAWLER: "New Freezer-Trawler Zephyros IV," article, Alieia, vol. 16, no. 182, 1962, pp. 59-61, illus., printed in Greek. Alieia, 51 Stadium St., Athens, Greece. FREEZING: "Freezing Crabs Afloat,'' by C. V. Tench, article, Food Manufacture, vol. 36, December 1961, pp. 517-519, printed. Food Manufacture, Leonard Hill, Ltd., Strat- ford House, 9 Eden St., London NW1, England. "New Developments in Quick-Freezing,'' by Graham Kemp, article, Food Manufacture, vol. 36, August 1961, pp. 339-342, printed. Food Manufacture, Leonard Hill Ltd., Stratford House, 9 Eden St., Lon- don NW1, England. "Present Freezing.Techniques for Fish," by A. Benezit, article, La Peche Maritime, vol. 40, no. 999, June 1961, pp. 371-381, illus., printed in French. La Peche Maritime, 190 Blvd. Haussmann, Paris, France. Quality Changes in Fish on Freezing, by A.I. Piskarev, Governmental Publication of Books for Trade Require- ments, 40 pp., illus., printed in Russian. Four Con- tinent Book Corp., 156 5th Ave., New York 10, N. Y., 1960. "Ueber das Gefrieren von Seefischen" (On the Freez- ing of Marine Fish), by J. Gutschmidt, article, Kael- tetechnik, vol. 13, no. 6, 1961, pp. 216-225, illus., printed in German. Verlag C. F. Muller, Karlsruhe, Germany. FRESH-WATER BIOLOGY: "Flectronics and Freshwater Biology," by W. H. Moore, article, British Communications and Electronics, vol. 7, no. 1, 1960, pp. 20-23, printed. Heywood and Co., Ltd., Drury House, Russell St., London WC2, England. FRESH-WATER FISH: "Poissons d'Eau Douce," (Fresh-Water Fishes), by Charles Jacques Spillman, Biological Abstracts, vol. 37, no. 3, 1962, 12182, printed. University of Pennsylvania, 38-5 Walnut St., Philadelphia 4, Pal FRESH-WATER IMPOUNDMENTS: "Effect of Mixing Depth and Turbidity on the Produc- tivity of Fresh-Water Impoundments," by Garth I. Murphy, article, Transactions of the American Fish- eries Society, vol. 91, no. 1, 1962, pp. 69-76, printed. Secretary, American Fisheries Society, P. O. Box 483, McLean, Va. FROZEN FISH: "Air-Thawing of Sea-Frozen Fish; Dielectric Thawing of Herring and Sea-Frozen Fish," article, Torry Re- search Station Annual Report, 1960, pp. 21-22, printed. Torry Research Station, Aberdeen, Scotland, 1961. 116 OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. "Quality of Sea-Frozen Fish," article, Torry Research Station Annual Report, 1960, pp. 17-18, printed. Tor- ry Research Station, Aberdeen, Scotland, 1961. GEAR: An Approximate Method for Estimating Trajectories of Cable-Towed Vehicles, by Douglas A. King, IAS Paper No. 62-56, II pp., illus., processed, $1. In- stitute of the Aerospace Sciences, 2 E. 64th St., New York 21, N. Y., 1962. According to the author, "Adequate relationships exist for predicting such steady-state performance characteristics of cable- towed underwater vehicles as running depth, towing force, and effects of vehicle and cable parameters. The time required to go from one depth to another, ability to follow a sloping sea bottom, and other dy- namic performance characteristics are more diffi- cult to predict, primarily because of the dynamic forces on the tow cable." After a brief review of the basic forces acting, there is described a method for calculating the changes in cable forces brought about by descending or ascending velocities of the towed vehicle. Examples are given of dynamic per - formance characteristics of a hypothetical cable- towed vehicle. It is shown that space trajectories of a winged cable-towed vehicle are essentially in- dependent of towing speed. The method presented is based on some simplifying assumptions regard- ing the cable shape and the distribution of vertical velocity along the cable. Tests indicate satisfac- tory prediction of dynamic behavior up to moder - ately large ratios of running depth to cable length. "On the Nature of the Selective Fishing Action of Long -line Gear," by Vernon E. Brock, article, Pa- cific Science, vol. 16, no. 1, 1962, pp. 3-14, printed. Office of Publications, University of Hawaii, Hono- lulu, Hawaii. GENERAL: "Urban Family Expenditures for Fish 1953, 1955 and 1957," by H. C. Frick, article, Trade News, vol. 13, March 1961, pp. 5-18, processed. Information and Educational Service, Department of Fisheries, Ot- tawa, Canada. GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, Analysis of United States Negotiations, 1960-61 Tariff Con- ference, Geneva, Switzerland, Department of State Publication 7408, Commercial Policy Series 194, 154 pp., processed, 45 cents. U.S. Department of State, Washington, D. C., July 1962. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.) GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC: Berichte der Deutschen Wissenschaftlichen Kommis- sion fur Meeresforschung (Transactions of the Ger- man Scientific Committee for Sea Research), Neue Folge, Band XVI, Heft 3, 1962, 89 pp., illus., printed in German. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuch- handlung (Nagele u. Obermiller), Stuttgart, W. Ger - many. Contains the following articles: ''Verglei- chende Untersuchungen an Otolithen von Jungherin- gen der Nordsee im Fruhjahr 1960" (Comparative Studies of the Otoliths of Small Herring of the North Sea Conducted in the Spring of 1960), by Eva Bohl; and ''Biologisch-Statistische Untersuchungen uber COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 11 BUT USUALLY MAY BE Penh fale WA, Stake) die Deutsche Hochseefischerei. IV--Die Entwick- lung der Hochseefischerei in Fangtechnischer, Raum- licher und Biologischer Hinsicht. 5--Die Dampfer- fischerei in der Nordsee" (Biological-Statistical Studies of the German High Sea Fisheries. IV--The Development of the High Sea Fisheries in View of Catching Technique, Capacity, and Biological Con- siderations. 5--Steamship Fishing in the North Sea), by Johannes Lundbeck. "The New Fish-Market at Cuxhaven,"' article, Peche Maritime, Fr. No. 993, December 1960, pp. 779-803, printed. Peche Maritime, 190, Boulevard Haussman, Paris, France. GILL NETS: "The Selection Characteristics of Nylon Gillnets for Tilapia esculenta Graham," by D. J. Garrod, article, Journal du Conseil, vol. 26, 1961, pp. 191-203, illus., printed. Conseil Permanent International pour 1'Ex- ploration de la Mer, Charlottenlund-Slot, Denmark. "The Selection of Clarias mossambicus (Peters) by Nylon Gillnets,"' by J. A. Gulland and D. Harding, article, Journal du Conseil, vol. 26, 1961, pp. 215- 222, illus., printed. Conseil Permanent Internation- al pour 1'Exploration de la Mer, Charlottenlund-Slot, Denmark. HADDOCK: "Torsken och dess vandringsvanor i Ostersjon"' (The Migrating Habits of Haddock in the Baltic Sea), by Gunnar Otterlind, article, Svenska Vastkustfiskaren, vol. 32, no. 6, March 25, 1962, pp. 124-129, illus., printed in Swedish. Svenska Vastkustfiskarnas Centralforbun, Goteborg, Sweden. HALIBUT: "Browning of Frozen Halibut,'' article, Torry Re- search Station, Annual Report 1960, pp. 16-17, _ printed. Torry Research Station, Aberdeen, Scot- land, 1961. The Exploitation, Scientific Investigation and Manage- “ment of Halibut (HIPPOGLOSSUS STENOLEPIS Schmidt) Stocks on the Pacific Coast of North Amer- ica in Relation to the Abstention Provisions of the North Pacific Fisheries Convention, International _ North Pacific Fisheries Commission Bulletin No. 7, 97 pp., illus., printed. International North Pacific Fisheries Commission, 6640 NW. Marine Dr., Van- couver 8, B. C., Canada, 1962. Under the provision of the International Convention for the High Seas Fisheries of the North Pacific Ocean, Japan agrees to abstain from fishing halibut in the Conventionarea off the coasts of Canada and the United States in which commercial fishing for halibut is being or can be prosecuted. The halibut referred to are defined as those originating along the coast of North Amer- ica. The purpose of the papers contained in this bul- letin was to provide information which would aid the Commission to determine annually, beginning in1958, whether the halibut stocks in question continued to meet the requirements for abstention given in the Convention. They were submitted to the Commission between 1956 and 1960 by representatives of the Governments of Canada, Japan, and the United States. November 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW aL THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE HERRING: Biological Differences and Similarities Between the White Sea Herring and the Baltic Herring, by N. A. Dmitriev, OTS 61-31039, 9 pp., printed, 50 cents. (Translated from Trudy Vsesoyuznogo nauchno-is - sledovatel'skogo instituta morskogo rybnogo khoz - yaistva i okeanografii, vol. 34, 1958, pp. 178-184.) Office of Technical Services, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D. C., 1962. "Canada: Catching Winter Herring," article, New Scientist, vol. 12, November 9, 1961, p. 362, printed. New Scientist, Harrison, Raison and Co. Ltd., Crom- well House, Fulwood Pl., High Holborn, London WCl1, England. "Chemical Studies on the Herring (Clupea harengus). VI--Carbonyl Compounds Formed During the Heat Processing of Herring,'' by R. B. Hughes, article, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 12, December 1961, pp. 822-826, printed. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, Society of Chemical Industry, 14 Belgrave Sq., London SW1, England. "Decline of British Herring Fisheries in the North Sea," by B. B. Parrish, article, Fishing News In- ternational, vol. 1, January 1962, pp. 15-45. printed. Fishing News International, A. J. Heighway Publica- tions, Ltd., Ludgate House, 110 Fleet St., London EC4, England. "Inhibition of the Denaturation by Salt of Myosin in Baltic Herring,'' by R. R. Linko and O. E. Nikkila, article, Journal of Food Science, vol. 26, November - December 1961, pp. 606-610, printed. Institute of Food Technologists, 510-522 No. Hickory St., Cham- paign, Ill. ICED FISH: "Improvement in Quality of Iced Fish: Fish Hold De- sign on Trawlers," article, Annual Report, Torry Research Station, 1960, p. 10, printed. Torry Re- search Station, Aberdeen, Scotland, 1961. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSIONS: (International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission) Annual Report, 1961, 43 pp., illus., printed. Inter- national Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission, P. O. Box 1120, New Westminster, B. C., Canada, 1962. Discusses commission meetings held during 1961; 1961 regulations, recommendations for regu- lations, and emergency amendments governing salm- on fisheries in Canada and the United States; fishery, escapement, and rehabilitation of sockeye salmon; and a report on pink salmon. Discusses alsoresults of general research activities throughout the yearas well as watershed protection. Includes statistical data on sockeye and pink salmon catch by gear; cy- clic landings and packs of sockeye from convention waters; daily catch of sockeye and pinks; escape- ment of sockeye and pinks to the Fraser River spawning areas; and related data. "International Whaling Commission Fourteenth Annual Meeting," article, Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende (The Norwegian Whaling Gazette), vol. 51, no. 7, July1962, pp. 291-293, printed. Hvalfangerforeningen, Sandef- jord, Norway. An account of the Fourteenth Meeting of the International Whaling Commission in London, July 2-6, 1962. Included are discussions of the 1961/62 Antarctic whaling season results, actions taken during the meeting, and financial operations of the Commission. The catch of blue whales will once more be limited to 15,000 units during the 1962/63 season. The length of the open season for Antarctic pelagic whaling will again be from December 12 to April 7. JAPAN: Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki Univer- sity, No. 12, 84 pp., illus., printed in Japanese with English summaries. Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, Sasebo, Japan, March 1962. Includes, among others, the following articles: "Studies on the Fluctuation in Catch of the Tuna-Fishing Fleet. X--Variability of Hooked-Rates for Tunas and Mar- lins in the Western South Pacific Ocean during Four Months from August to November 1960," by Shigeyuki Koga; ''Studies on the Decree of Fishery-Ground in Meiji,'' by Shigeshi Aotuka; and ''On the Decrease of Hematocrit Value of Fish by the Extraction of Blood," by Osamu Tamura, Tetsuo Fujiki and Kuniomi Eto. Modern Developments in Japanese Fisheries (Paper read at Visserij Congres, Scheveningen, Netherlands, 31 May-2 June 1961), by N. Fujinami, printed. Fish- eries Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, 1961. Describes the fishing industry in Japan. According to the author, the total annual catch is 5,875,000 metric tons which is often eaten raw, requiring that the fish must be strictly fresh. Over the last decade fish consumer habits in Japan have undergone a drastic change and the fishing in- dustry is looking for new products to meet the new requirements (fish sausages). Numerous fishing companies are establishing their own chicken or mink farms so as to be able to use fish offal. The Japanese fishing boats operate wherever fishing can be done profitably, ships operating as far afield as the Atlantic (tuna fisheries). The development of trawlers has in the past few years been strongly stimulated by the operation of stern factory trawlers. This enabled extension of operation from the East and South China Seas to the Atlantic. The author also discusses research, construction of fishing ves - sels, freezing aboard ship, earnings of Japanese fishermen, and extension of the Japanese market. LATIN AMERICA: The Latin American Free Trade Association, TC mission, Washington 25, D. C., July 1962. A digest of the Montevideo Treaty, establishing the Latin American Free-Trade Association. Discusses the nature and objectives of the treaty, its organization and administration, the methods by which the Latin American Free-Trade Area is being developed, and the manner by which additional economic integration is to be achieved by the participating countries. Also includes interpretations of certain provisions of the treaty and gives an account of pertinent regulations adopted by the Contracting Parties since the treaty entered into force on June 1, 1961. Member countries are Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay. During Processing and Storage (Paper read at FAO International Conference on Fish in Nutrition, Wash- ington, D. C., 19-27 September 1961), by J.A. Lovern, 45 pp., processed in English with French and Spanish Fisheries Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme abstracts. di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, 1961. LOBSTER TRAPS: "Research Boats Test Rock Lobster Traps," article, South African Shipping News and Fishing Industry Review, vol. 15, no. 4, 1960, p. 61, illus., printed. Odhams Press, South Africa, P.O. Box 2598, Cape Town, South Africa Republic. LOBSTERS: "A Preliminary Account of the Experimental Rock- Lobster Fishing Conducted Along the South-West Coast of India with Bottom-Set Gill Nets," by R. Balasubramanyan, A. V. V. Satyanarayana, and K.A. Sadanandan, article, Indian Journal of Fisheries, vol. VII, no. 2, October 1960, pp. 407-422, illus., printed. Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Govern- ment of India, New Delhi, India. "Vacuum Packing Lobster Tails Aboard the Lobster Fishing Boat-Freezer,'' article, La Peche Maritime, vol. 39, 1960, pp. 156-157, printed in French. La Peche Maritime, 190 Blvd. Haussmann, Paris, France. MARINE OILS: "Fatty Alcohols from Marine Oils and Segregated Esters,'' by P. M. Jangaard and R. G. Ackman, ar- ticle, Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 18, September 1961, pp. 865-872, printed. Queen's Printer and Controller of Sta- tionery, Ottawa, Canada. MARINE SCIENCE: Prospectus of the Institute of Marine Science, Univer- sity of Miami, 38 pp., illus., processed. Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami, #1 Ricken- backer Causeway, Virginia Key, Miami 49, Fla., June 1962. METABOLISM: "Glucose and Acetate Metabolism in Fish," by P. W. Hochachka, article, Canadian Journal of Biochem- istry and Physiology, vol. 39, December 1961, pp. 1937-1941, printed, Division of Administration, The National Research Council, Sussex St., Ottawa, Canada. MOLLUSKS: "Polarographic Studies on the Molluscan Meat. IV," by Kiyoshi Fukushima and Ikunosuke Okada, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fish- eries, vol. 27, February 1961, pp. 171-177, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-chome, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. MOTHERSHIPS: "Russian Herring Fishing Mothership," article, Hansa, vol. 97, 1960, p. 784, printed in German. Hansa, C. Schroedter und Co., 10 Stubbenhuk, Ham- burg II, Germany. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 11 NETS: "Certain Problems of the Theory of Fishing with Gill- nets,'' by N. N. Andreev, article, Trudy VNIRO, vol. 30, 1955, pp. 109-127, printed in Russian. Vsesoiu- zny Nauchno-Issledovatelski Institut, Morskogo Ry- bnogo Khoziastva i Okeanografii, Pishchepromizdat, Moscow, U.S.S.R. "On the Fatigue of Netting Twine Against Repeated Loads," by Katsuji Honda, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 26, July 1960, pp. 668-672, printed in Japanese with English abstract. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6>chome, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. "On the Suitable Mesh Size on Salmon Gill Nets Infer- red from the Relationship between Body Weight of Salmon Caught by Gill Nets and Its Mesh Size," by Kisaburo Taguchi, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 27, July 1961, pp. 645-649, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-chome, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. "On the Torsional Oscillation of Netting Cords; Torque of Netting Cords Caused by-Elongation,"' by Tadashi Nagata, articles, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 26, August » pp. @18- 782, and vol. 26, September 1960, pp. 868-870, re- spectively, printed in Japanese. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-chome, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. NEW YORK: "The Sport Fisheries of Great South Bay and Vicinity," by Philip T. Briggs, article, New York Fish and Game Journal, vol. 9, no. 1, 1962, pp. 1-36, printed. New York Conservation Department, Albany, N. Y. NORWAY: "Fiskefartoyers Lonnsomhet in 1960, Sesongresul- tater" (Fishing Vessel Profits in 1960, Season's Results), article, Fiskets Gang, vol. 48, no. 28, July 12, 1962, pp. 385-400, printed in Norwegian. Fis- kets Gang, Fiskeridirektoratet, Radstuplass 10, Bergen, Norway. "Rapport fra tokt med F/F G. O. Sars til Vest-Gron- land og Island i april-mai 1962"' (Report of the Cruise of the G. O. Sars to West Greenland and Ice- land in April-May 1962), by Erling Bratberg, article, Fiskets Gang, vol. 48, no. 29, July 19, 1962, pp. 411- 412, illus., printed in Norwegian. Fiskets Gang, Fiskeridirektoratet, Radstuplass 10, Bergen, Norway. NUTRITION: "Fish in Nutrition,'' by C. L. Cutting, article, Nature, vol. 192, December 16, 1961, pp. 1013-1015, printed. Nature, St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Ave., New York 10, N. Y. OCEANOGRAPHY: A Program for Automatic Temperature and Depth ~ Calculations of the IBM 650 Computer, by Donald T. Eger, Report 62-3, 49 pp., illus., processed. Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami, #1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla., 1962. Discusses a program designed to perform November 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 119 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. automatically all the functions necessary for rapid and accurate temperature, thermometric depth, and wire angle depth calculations in the processing of oceanographic data. The entire program consists of two sections: the actual operating instructions necessary for the calculations and a set of tables which contain all of the required thermometer cor - rection factors. Includes a generalized flow dia- gram of automatic temperature and depth calcula- tions on the IBM 650 computer, explanation of for- mulas, data preparations, storage assignment, and discussion of tables. The appendix, which makes up a large portion of the report contains sample stations, program listings, sample tables, and a detailed flow diagram. OYSTERS: "Components of Oyster Extract. I--Separation and Quantitative Analysis of Taurine Using Paper Par- tition Chromatography," by Kimihiko Kono, article, Yakugaku Kenk (Japanese Journal of Pharmacy and Chemisty vol. 32, 1960, pp. 860-868, printed in Japanese with English summary. Dept. of Phar- macy, Faculty of Medicine, Osaku University, Osaku, Japan. "Notes on Shell Morphology, Growth, and Distribution of Ostrea equestris Say, by Paul S. Galtsoff and Arthur S. Merrill, article, Bulletin of Marine Sci- ence of the Gulf and Caribbean, vol. 12, no. 2, June 1962, pp. 234-244, illus., printed, single copy $2. Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami, #1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Virginia Key, Miami 49, Fla. "Tritiated Water for Measuring Fluid Transfer in Oysters," by E. A. Fieger, A. F. Novak, and W. T. Burnett Jr., article, Food Technology, vol. 16, January 1962, pp. 112-114, printed. Food Tech- nology, The Garrard Press, 510 No. Hickory, Champaign, I1l. PACIFIC OCEAN: "Lichinki i Mal'Ki Tuntsov, Parusnikov i Mechryby (Thunnidae, Istiophoridae, Xiphiidae) Tsentral'Noi i Zapadnoi Chasti Tikhogo Okeana" (Larvae and Fry of Tunny, Sailfish, and Swordfish (Thunnidae, Istiophoridae, Xiphiidae) in the Central and West- ern Parts of the Pacific Ocean), by C-J Sun, arti- cle, Trudy Instituta Okeanologist Akademiya Nauk, SSSR, vol. 41, 1960, pp. 175-191, printed in Russian. Four Continent Book Corp., 156 5th Ave., New York PLANKTON: "Plankton: The Food of Fishes," by D. J. Tranter, article, Fisheries Newsletter, vol. 21, no. 7, July 1962, pp. 19-20, illus., printed. Department of Primary Industry, Commonwealth Director of Fish- eries, Canberra, Australia. Discusses the marine vegetation of the sea called phytoplankton and the organisms that graze on it. Also discusses the con- ditions producing large quantities of phytoplankton as well as the possibility of atomic upwelling as a means of creating additional supplies of plankton. POLLUTION: "Nature and Extent of Damage Caused by Oil Pollution at Sea," by Alfred L. Hawkes, article, Transactions of the Twenty-Sixth North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, pp. 343-355, printed. Wildlife Management Institute, Wire Bldg., Wash- ington 5, D. C., 1961. Origin and Treatment of a Supersaturated River Water, by H. H. Harvey and A. C. Cooper, Progress Report No. 9, 22 pp., illus., processed. International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission, New Westminister, B. C., Canada, 1962. Summarizes the investigation of a small stream, Corbold Creek, as to the cause of supersaturation of the water. Discusses the stream investigations, methods of water treatment and effects of the supersaturated water on sockeye alevins and fry. Two methods of treatment of supersaturated wa- ter are evaluated. A highly effective air-equilibrat- ing tower is described. Also includes a review of European literature on the subject. cents. Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washington 25, D.C., 1961. (Available from the Superintendent of Docu- ments, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washing- ton 25, D. C.) This is the second annual summary report of pollution-caused fish kills published by the Public Health Service. It includes all reported fish kills for the year 1961, along with statistical tabula- tions and some interpretative remarks. Discusses the handling of reports, reporting by 45 states, re- lationship of fish kills to pollution, sources of pol- lution, cases of exceptionally large fish kills, in- crease in average size of kills during 1961, evalua- tion of reporting, and state agencies! comments on the program. 10, N. Y. PRESERVATION: "Experiments on Keeping Quality of Marine Products by Using Antibiotics. III--Alaska Pollack; IV--Fur- PILCHARDS: The Pilchard of South West Africa (SARDINOPS ~ OCELLATA Pappe), The Annual Cycle of Phyto- plankton in the Waters off Walvis Bay, 1958, by W. E. Kolimer, Research Report No. 4, 42pp., illus., printed. Administration of South West Africa, Marine Research Laboratory, Windhoek, South West Africa. PLAICE: "The Fecundity of Plaice from the Coasts of Norway," by T. B. Bagenal, article, Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, vol. 42, no. 1, 1962, pp. 105-112, printed. Marine Bio- logical Association of the U. K., Cambridge Univer - sity Press, 200 Euston Rd., London NW1, England. ther Experiment on Alaska Pollack; V--Stability of Chlortetracycline Permeated into Alaska Pollack Meat; VI--Squid-Meat Preservation," by Tsutomu Uno and others, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 55, May 15, 1961, 9713f, 9713g, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C. "Investigation of the Acid Preservation of Fish and Fish Offal," by L. L. Lagunov and others, article, Israel Program of Scientific Translations (PST) Catalogue, No. 109, 1960, pp. 95-111, illus., printed. Utrenstste from the Russian Trudy VNIRO, vol. 35, 1958, pp. 115-130.) Israel Program of Scientific Translations, 14 Shammai St., Jerusalem, Palestine. 120 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 11 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. "The Use of Chlortetracycline in Preserving Fish," by G. B. Dubrova and others, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 55, July 24, 1961, 14748d, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, IDE, PRESERVATIVES: "Chemical Preservatives in Foods. IV--Prolongation of the Keeping Quality of Fresh Fish by Antibiotics," by Reino R. Linko, Olavi E. Nikkila, and Jorma J. Laine, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 55, December 25, 1961, 27689g, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C. "Studies on the Fish-Components Influencing the Pre- servatives. I--On the Antagonism of Fish-Muscus to Preservatives,'' by Yukio Tomiyasu and Noriyuki Enomoto, article, Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushi University, vol. 16, November 15, 1957, pp. 323-328, printed. Librarian, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushi University, Fukuoka, Japan. PROTEINS: Proteins in Fish Muscle (Paper read at FAO Inter- national Conference on Fish in Nutrition, Washing - ton, D. C., 19-27 September 1961), by J. W. Jebsen, 10 pp., processed in English with French and Span- ish abstracts. Fisheries Division, Food and Agri- culture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, 1961. "Studies on Mucoprotein in Marine Products. I-- Isolation of Mucoprotein from the Meats of Sticho- pus japonicus and Cucumaria japonica," by Terush- ige Motohiro, article, Bulletin of the Japanese So- ciety of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 26, December _ 1960, pp. 1171-1174, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-chome, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. PURSE SEINE: "On the Form and the Tension of Purse Line of a Purse Seine," by Kazumi Ishii and Tuneo Konagaya, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientif- ic Fisheries, vol. 27, September 1961, pp. 846-849, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-chome, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. QUALITY: "Effect of Temperature on Freshness," article, Tor - ry Research Station, Annual Report 1960, p. 6, printed. Torry Research Station, Aberdeen, Scot- land, 1961. "The Fish Technologist's Attitude to Food Assess- ment," by C. L. Cutting and R. Spencer, Torry Misc. Paper No. 16, article, Occupational Psychol- ORY. July 1961, pp. 1-6, printed. National Institute of Industrial Psychology, 14 Welbeck St., London W1, England. "A Rapid Method for the Determination of Moisture in Fish Products," by L. S. Leviteva, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 54, March 10, 1960, 3778e, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C. "Refractive Index of Eye Fluids for the Estimation of Freshness of Marine Fish," by H. J. Wegner, article, Archiv fur Lebensmittelhygiene, vol. 11, 1960, pp. 83-84, printed. Verlag M. & H. Schaper Grazer Str. 20, Hannover, Germany. "Sensory Assessment of Freshness," article, Torry Research Station, Annual Report 1960, pp. 5-6, printed. Torry Research Station, Aberdeen, Scot- land, 1961. RADIATION: Use of Radiations and Radio-Isotopes in Food and ~ Agriculture (List of Research Institutes and Scien- tists in OECD Member Countries), Documentation in Food and Agriculture No. 46, 96 pp., processed in English and French, 75 cents. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2 Rue Andre- Pascal, Paris 16, France, December 1961. RADIOACTIVITY: "Metabolism of Radionucleotides in Fish. I--Stron- tium-Calcium Discrimination in Gill Absorption," by Ryushi Ichikawa and Mikio Oguri, article, Bul- letin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 27, April 1961, pp. 351-356, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-chome, Shiba- Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. REACTION OF FISH: The Reactions of Fish in Concentration Gradients, by “Lars B. Hoglund, Research Report No. 43, 147 pp., printed. Fishery Board of Sweden, Institute of Fresh- water Research, Drottningholm, Sweden, 1961. ROE: "Changes in the Roe During Preparation of Pressed Caviar," by Yul. Raninskaya, article, Israel Pro- gram of Scientific Translations (PST) Catalogue, No. 109, 1960, pp. 66-80, illus., printed. (Translated from the Russian Trudy VNIRO, vol. 35, 1958, pp. 70-83.) Israel Program of Scientific Translations, 14 Shammai St., Jerusalem, Palestine. SALMON: "Ability of Salmonids to Ascend High Fishways,"' by Gerald B. Collins, JosephR. Gauley, and Carl H. Elling, article, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 91, no. 1, 1962, pp. 1-7, printed. Sec- retary, American Fisheries Society, P. O. Box 483,. McLean, Va. "Anaesthetizing Experiments of Chum Salmon Fry with Tricaine Methanesulfonate (M.S. 222),'' by Ei- ichi Sakano, article, Scientific Reports of the Hok- kaido Salmon Hatchery, no. 16, pp. 103-106, printed. Hokkaido Salmon Hatchery, Fisheries Agency, Na- kanoshima, Outskirt of Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, 1961. "The Antigenic Relationship of Some Salmon," by Sadaaki Koizumi and Isao Hatakeyama, article, Sci- entific Reports of the Tohoku University, Fourth Ser. Biol., vol. 27, no. 1, 1961, pp. 1-6, printed. Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. "The Ascorbic Acid in the Pituitary of the Adult Salm- on,'' by M. Fontaine and J. Leloup-Hatey, article, Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique, vol. 1135, 1959, pp. 1-8, printed. Musee Oceanographique (Bul- letin), Monaco-Ville, Monaco. November 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 121 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE "K Biologii Molodi Kety v Morskoi Periodee Zhizni" "Olfactory Perception in Migrating Salmon. II-- (Biology of Young Chum Salmon During the Marine Studies on a Laboratory Bio-Assay for Homestream Period of Their Life), by I. A. Piskunov, article, Water and Mammalian Repellent,' by D. R. Idler and Izvestiia Tikhookeanskogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'sko- others, article, Canadian Journal of Biochemistry go, vol. 47, 1959, pp. 186-188, printed in Russian. and Physiology, vol. 39, no. 10, 1961, pp. 1575-1584, Izvestiia Tikhookeanskogo Nauchno-Issledovatel! - printed. Division of Administration, National Re- skogo, Instituta Rybnogo Khoziaistva i Okeanografii, search Council, Sussex St., Ottawa, Canada. Viadivostock, U.S.S.R. "Refrigeration of Salmon as the Raw Material for "Distribution of the Salmon Salmo salar L. in Green- Canning," by Eiichi Tanikawa and Terushige Moto- land," by Jorgen Nielsen, article; Meddelelser om hiro, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 55, October 2, 1961, Gronland, vol. 159, no. 8, 1961, printed in Danish. | 20256i, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 Meddelelser om Gronland, C. A. Reitzel, Copen- 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C. hagen, Denmark. "Seventh Progress Report on Salmon Diet Experi- Downstream Migration of Young Pink Salmon ON- ments,'' by Duncan K. Law and others, article, Fish CORHYNCHUS GORBUSCHA (Walbaum) in the Riv- Commission of Oregon, vol. 8, no. 1, 1961, pp. 62- ers of Sakhalin, by P. A. Dvinin, OTS 61-31043, — 70, printed. Fish Commission of Oregon, Portland, 5 pp., printed, 50 cents. (Translated from Zoolog- Oreg. icheskii Zhurnal, vol. 38, no. 8, 1959, pp. 1268- 1269.) Office of Technical Services, U. S. Depart- "Sixth Progress Report on Salmon Diet Experiments," ment of Commerce, Washington 25, D. C., 1962. by Russell O. Sinnhuber and others, article, Fish Commission of Oregon, vol. 8, no. 1, 1961, pp. 53- "Effect of Estradiol Monobenzoate on Some Serum 60, printed. Fish Commission of Oregon, Portland, Constituents of Maturing Sockeye Salmon (Oncor - Oreg. hynchus nerka),"' by F. Chung-Wai Ho and W. E. Vansonte, article, Journal of the Fisheries Re- "Some Ecological Studies on the Kokanee Salmon O. search Board of Canada, vol. 18, September 1961, nerka var. Adonis in Lake Shikotsu, Hokkaido. I-- pp. 859-864, printed. Queen's Printer and Control- Frequent Occurrence of Adult Salmon With Abnormal ler of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. Ovaries in 1956," by Takashi Kurohagi and Shozo Sasaki, article, Scientific Reports of the Hokkaido "The Metabolism of Inositol in Salmon. III--The Salmon Hatchery, no. 16, pp. 137-143, printed. Hok- Biochemical Reactions of 2-C14-Myoinositol in kaido Salmon Hatchery, Fisheries Agency, Nakano- Coho Liver," by H. Tsuyuki and D. R. Idler, article, shima, Outskirt of Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, 1961. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, vol. 39, June 1961, pp. 1037-1042, printed. Caneilian "Some Observations on the Downstream Chum Salmon Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, Division of Fry, O. Keta, Counted in the Natural Spawning Ground Administration, The National Research Council, at Memu Stream," by Ariaki Nagasawa and Seizo Sussex St., Ottawa, Canada. Sano, article, Scientific Reports of the Hokkaido Salmon Hatchery, no. 16, pp. 107-125, printed. Hok- Movement of Salmon in the North Pacific Ocean and kaido Salmon Hatchery, Fisheries Agency, Nakano- Bering Sea as Determined by Tagging, 1956-1958, shima, Outskirt of Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, 1961. by Allan C. Hartt, Bulletin No. 6, 166 pp., illus., printed. International North Pacific Fisheries "Spawning and Migration of the Greenland Salmon Commission, 6640 NW. Marine Dr., Vancouver 8, Salmo salar L., by Jorgen Nielsen, article, Med- B. C., Canada, 1962. This bulletin contains reports deleIser om Gronland, vol. 159, no. 8, 1961, printed from national sources on the results of research on in Danish. Meddelelser om Gronland, .C. A. Reitzel, the high seas fisheries of the North Pacific Ocean Copenhagen, Denmark. conducted by research organizations of Canada, Japan, and the United States, member nations of the "Studies on the Carotenoids of Salmon. III--On the International North Pacific Fisheries Commission. Fading of the Red Color in Canned Salmon(Part 1)," The program directs its principal attention tosalm- by Tsunetoshi Kanemitsu and Fumio Matsuura, ar- on, genus Oncorhynchus. Discusses fishing gear, ticle, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific fish-handling techniques, tagging procedures, types Fisheries, vol. 27, May 1961, pp. 453-457, printed. of tags, evidence of salmon migration routes from Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-chome, seine catches, and conclusions from tag returns Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. and seine catches. Also includes tables on catch, tagging, tag-return, and recovery, as well as spec- "Studies on the Kokanee Salmon. IV--Spawning Mi- ifications of purse seines. gration of the Kokanee Salmon in Lake Shikotsu, Hokkaido, Japan,'' by Toshinobu Tokui, article, "Novye Dannye 0 Morskom Periode Zhizni i Morskom Scientific Reports of the Hokkaido Salmon Hatchery, Promysle Tikhookeanskikh Lososei'' (New Data on no. 16, pp. 137-136~ printed. Hokkaido Salmon d the Marine Period of Life and the Ocean Fishery for Hatchery Fisheries Agency, Nakanoshima, Outskirt Pacific Salmon), by I. B. Birman, article, Trud of Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, 1961. Soveshchaniia, Ikhtiol. Komisiia Akad. Nau R, vol. 10,1960, pp. 151-164, printed in Russian. Four "Water Velocities Tolerated by Spawning Kokanee Continent Book Corp., 156 5th Ave., New York 10, Salmon," by Glenn E. Delisle, article, California INEM Fish and Game, vol. 48, no. 1, 1962, pp. 77-78, 122 printed. California Department of Fish and Game, 987 Jedsmith Dr., Sacramento 19, Calif. "Zavisimost! Neresta Semgi v Reke Pechore ot Gid- rologicheskikh Uslovii'' (Relationship Between the Spawning of the Kamchatka Salmon in the Pechora River and Hydrologic Conditions), by M. I. Vladi- mirskaya, article, Voprosy Ikhtiologii, vol. 16, 1960, pp. 111-120, printed in Russian. Voprosy Ikhtiologii, Akademiia Nauk, SSSR, Ikhtiologicheskaia Komis- saia, Moscow, U.S.S.R. SARDINES: "Optimum Conditions for Production of Canned Fish-- Atlantic Sardine in Oil," by A. L. Petelina and S. A. Artiukhova, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 36, 1960, pp. 57-61, printed in Russian. VNIRO Glavni- proekta, pri Gosplanie SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. SEEWEEDS: "The Drying of Seaweeds and Other Plants. IV-- Through-Circulation Drying of Chondrus crispus in a Semi-Continuous Dryer," by J. H. Merritt, K. Katsuura, and E. Gordon Young, article, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 12, Octo- ber 1961, pp. 718-724, printed. Society of Chemical Industry, 14 Belgrave Sq., London SW1, England. "Quality of Kombu, Edible Seaweeds Belonging to the Laminariaceae. IV--Relation between Quality and Amino Acid Composition of Extractives,"' by Keiichi Oishi and others, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 27, June 1961, pp. 601-605, printed in Japanese. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-chome, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. SEINES: "Studies on the Configuration of Danish Seine," by Kei Nakasai, Otohiko Suzuki, and Tasae Kawakami, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientif- ic Fisheries, vol. 27, July 1961, pp. 641-644, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-chome, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. SEROLOGY: Serological Analysis of the Races of the Baikal Omul COREGONUS AUTUMNALIS MIGRATORIUS (Georgi), by D. N. Taliev, OTS 61-11417, 25 pp., illus., printed, 50 cents. (Translated from Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR, Tait 6, no. 4, 1941, pp. 68-91.) Office of Technical Services, U. S. De- partment of Commerce, Washington 25, D. C., 1961. "Serological Techniques in Fishery Research," by Carl J. Sindermann, article, Transactions of the Twenty-Sixth North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, pp. 298-309, printed. Wild- life Management Institute, Wire Bldg., Washington 55, Cel 9614 SHARK SKIN: "Physical Properties of Dogfish Shark Skin Collagen," by Marc S. Lewis and Karl A. Piez, article, Federa- tion Proceedings, vol. 20, Part I, March 1961, p. 380, printed. Federation Proceedings of American Soci- eties for Experimental Biology, 9650 Wisconsin Ave. NW., Washington 14, D. C. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 11 SHELLFISH POISON: "Paralytic Shellfish Poison. VIII--Some Chemical and Physical Properties of Purified Clam and Mussel Poisons,"' by Edward J. Schantz and others, article, Canadian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 39, October 1961, pp. 2117-2123, printed. National Research Council, Ottawa 2, Canada. SHRIMP: "Industrial Utilization of Red Deep-Sea Shrimp," by P. Hansen, article, Konserves, vol. 18, 1960, pp. 37- 42, printed in Danish. Konserves, Det Tekniske For- lag, 29 Vester Farimagsgade, Copenhagen-V, Den- mark. Discusses industrial shrimp processing in Denmark. Shrimp are still packed in crushed ice in wooden boxes and landed one or two days after being caught. A piece of equipment continuously grades the catch into (1) large shrimp to be processed by the traditional hand-peeling method (2) medium-size shrimp for machine peeling, and (3) small shrimp which are not processed. The raw shrimp are given a short heat treatment to develop the desired flavor and texture. This article discusses results of recent Danish experiments in the heat treatment of shrimp. An experimental, continuous shrimp boiler of Ger- man design is described. Discusses also the peeling of red deep-sea shrimp after heat treatment, as well as the freezing storage, and packaging of boiled peeled shrimp. SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT: Sources of Equity and Long-Term Financing for Small Manufacturing Firms, by Haro . stevenson, Man- agement Research Summary, 4 pp., processed. Small Business Administration, Washington 25, D. C., June 1962. A summary of a report on relations between the small manufacturing firms and the suppliers of capital in Minnesota. Points out that in raising cap- ital, small firms in urgent need of financing that in- volves risk should expect investors to insist on some sharing of equity. Discusses the types of firms sur - veyed and the sources of funds available such as the commercial banker, State Commission, community development organizations, community capital pools, Small Business Administration loans, Small Business Investment Companies, and public offerings of secu- rities. SPAIN: "Produccion y Comercio--Nuestro Comercio Exterior Pesquero en cifras'' (Commercial Production--Sta- tistics on Our Commercial Foreign Fishery Trade), article, Boletin de Informacion del Sindicato Nacional de la Pesca, no. 44, May 1962, pp. 10-14, printed in Spanish. Sindicato Nacional de la Pesca, 18-20 Paseo del Prado, Madrid, Spain. SPILLWAYS: "Escape of Fish Over Spillways; Maryland, 1958-1960," by H. J. Elser, article, Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Conference, Southeastern Re cociation of Game — and Fish Commissioners, pp. 174-185, printed. South- eastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners, Columbia; 'S:G:3 1960; SPINY LOBSTER: Notes on the Distribution of the Spiny Lobster PAN- ~ ULIRUS in Florida and the Gulf of Mexico, by Donald November 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 123 OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM, R. Moore, Contribution No. 343,2pp., printed. (Re- printed from Crustaceana, vol. 3, part 4, 1962.) Marine Laboratory, University of Miami, #1 Ricken- backer Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. SQUID: "Two New Species of Squids of the Genus Calliteuthis from the Western Atlantic with a Redescription of Calliteuthis reversa Verrill,"' by Nancy A. Voss and Gilbert L. Voss, article, Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, vol. 12, no. 2, June 1962, pp- 169-200, illus., printed, single copy $2. Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami, #1 Ricken- backer Causeway, Virginia Key, Miami 49, Fla. SQUID, OCTOPUS, ETC.: List of the Types and Species of Cephalopods in the Collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Gilbert L. Voss, Contribution No. 371, 7 pp., printed. (Reprinted from Notulae Na- turae, no. 356, June 29, 1962.) Marine Laboratory, University of Miami, #1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Virginia Key, Miami 49, Fla. STEROIDS: "Steroids in Marine Organisms," by G. A. D. Hasle- wood, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 55, July 10, 1961, 13487g, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C. ST. PIERRE AND MIQUELON: "Le frigorifique de Saint-Pierre et la societe de peche et de congelation de Saint-Pierre-et-Mique- lon" (The Cold Storage Industry of St. Pierre and the Fishing and Freezing Company of St. Pierre and Miquelon), article, La Peche Maritime, vol. 41, no. 1012, July 1962, pp. 492-496, illus., printed in French. La Peche Maritime, 190, Boulevard Haus - smann, Paris, France. STRIPED BASS: Racial Status of Juvenile Striped Bass in the Delaware River Estuary, by Donald P. De Sylva, 35 pp., printed. University of Delaware, Department of Biological Sciences, Newark, Del. SUNFISH: "Distinguishing the Sunfishes of Pennsylvania (Fam- ily--Centrarchidae),'' by Keen Buss and Jack Miller, article, Pennsylvania Angler, vol. 31, no. 6, June 1962, pp. 6-9, illus., printed. Pennsylvania Fish Commission, South Office Bldg., Harrisburg, Pa. TAGGING: "Preliminary Results of Tagging Experiments with Char Salvelinus alpinus (L.) in Greenland," by Jor- gen Nielson, article, Meddelelser om Gronland, vol. 159, no. 8, 1961, printed in Danish. Meddelelser om Gronland, C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, Denmark. "The Two-Sample Capture-Recapture Census When Tagging and Sampling are Stratified," by J. N. Dar- roch, article, Biometrika, vol. 48, parts 3-4, 1961, pp. 241-260, printed. Biometrika Office, University College, London WC1, England A Winter Steelhead Tagging Program on the Columbia “River, by Lawrence Korn, Contribution no. 26, 35 pp., printed. Fish Commission of Oregon, Portland, Oreg., 1961. TAIWAN: Taiwan Fisheries Yearbook, 1961 Edition, 187 pp., illus., printed in Chinese and English. Department of Agriculture and Forestry, Taiwan Fisheries Bu- reau, Provincial Government of Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan, August 1961. Contains statistical tables on fishermen's organizations and membership, number of fishing vessels, status of ice making and cold- storage industries, fisheries production in quantity and value, and quantity of supply and sale of fishery products and their average value at principal fish markets. Also includes data on processed marine products, fish culture area, production of fish fries, number of casualties of fishermen, losses and damages to fishing crafts, fishing activity at principal fishing harbors, and marine products trade. Most data are for 1960. TARIFFS: United States Import Duties Annotated, 594 pp., printed, $4. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Washington, D. C., July 1, 1962. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.) Presents rates of duty for U_ S. imports. By commodity classes, lists individ- ual commodities and for each shows full rate, re- duced rate and effective date, along with tariff para- graph and reporting numbers. Also gives statistical reporting numbers and commodity descriptions to be used by importers in completing entry and withdraw - alforms. Correlates statistical classifications with Tariff Act schedules. Also shows free list, Tariff Act of 1930 (as amended); applicable Internal Reve- nue Code provisions; supplemental and additional import duties; and special exemptions and restric- tions. Alphabetical index of commodities carried in dutiable and free lists. Punched for loose-leaf bind- er; new pages issued as required. TOXICITY: "Some Measurements of Toxicity of Tannery and Tex- tile Wastes and Their Components to Fish by Bio- Assays," by A. David and P. Roy, article, Indian Journal of Fisheries, vol. 7, no. 2, 1961, pp. 423- 442, printed. Ministry of Food and Agriculture of Government of India, New Delhi, India. TRANSFER OF FISH AT SEA: "Transfer of Fish at Sea," article, Torry Research Station, Annual Report 1960, pp. 11-13, printed. Tor- ry Research Station, Aberdeen, Scotland, 1961. TRANSPORTING FISH: "Le stockage et le transport du poisson en eau de mer refrigeree" (Holding and Transportation of Fish in Refrigerated Sea Water), by Jean Deniel, article, La Peche Maritime, vol. 41, no. 1012, July 1962, pp. 531-535, illus., printed in French. La Peche Mari- time, 190, Boulevard Haussmann, Paris, France. TRASH FISH: "Cull Fish as a Protein Supplement. I--For Growing and Finishing Swine; Il--For Finishing Heifers," by S. C. Stothers, article, Feedstuffs, vol. 34, January 6, 1962, pp. 46, 48, printed. Feedstuffs, Miller Pub- lishing Co., 2501 Wayzata Blvd., Minneapolis 5, Minn. TRAWLER-FREEZER: "The Processing of Sardines and Other Fish on Board BMRT, a Large Size Trawler-Freezer, in Tropical 124 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 11 OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. Conditions," by Iu. A. Zorzhova, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 36, 1960, pp. 64-68, printed in Russian. VNIRO Glavniproekta, pri Gosplanie SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. TRAWLERS: Fishroom Insulation and Refrigeration--Some Ex- periences on a Modern Trawler, by J. J. Waterman, Torry Research Report No. 2, printed. Torry Re- search Station, Aberdeen, Scotland. "The Lord Nelson--First British Stern Trawler with Deep Freezing, article, Shipping World, vol. 145, no. 3544, 1961, pp. 29-32, illus., printed. Shipping World, 127 Cheapside, London EC2, England. TRAWLING: "O Rezul'tatakh Rabot po Raznoglubinnomu Tralovmu Lovu a Sudov Tipa SRT" (Results of Midwater Trawl- ing as Practiced by Medium Trawlers), by A. A. Gerbich, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 36, no. 11, 1960, pp. 49-56, illus., printed in Russian. VNIRO Glavniproekta pri Gosplanie SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. "Visual and Hydroacoustic Observations of Midwater Trawl,"' by M. D. Truskanov and E. I. Zaitsev, ar- ticle, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 35, 1959, pp. 30-34, printed in Russian. VNIRO Glavniproekta, pri Gos- planie SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. TRAWL NET: "Nisobiki Kisen Sokobikiami no Mokei Jikken. I." (Model Experiments on the Japanese Two-Boat- Type Trawl Net. I.), by T. Taniguchi, article, Journal of the Shimonoseki College of Fisheries, vol. 10, no. 3, 1961, pp. 355-370, illus., printed in Japanese with English summary. Shimonoseki Col- lege of Fisheries, Yoshimi, Shimonoseki, Japan. TRAWLS: "On the Comparative Catch Efficiency of Hand-Op- erated and Winch-Operated Trawls," by S. D. Desh- pande, article, Indian Journal of Fisheries, vol. VII, no. 2, October 1960, pp. 458-470, illus., printed. Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Government of India, New Delhi, India. "Results of Hydrodynamic Tests of Trawl Floats," by A. I. Iakovlev, article, Trudy VNIRO, vol. 30, 1955, pp. 36-56, printed in Russian. Vsesoiuzny Nauchno-Issledovatelski Institut, Morskogo Ryb- nogo Khoziaistva i Okeanografi, Pishchepromizdat, Moscow, U.S.S.R. "Sustentateur auto-equilibre de chalut R. L. B."(R. L. B. Self-Balancing Trawl-Net Supporter) article, La Peche Maritime, vol. 41, no. 1012, July 1962, pp. 528-530, illus., printed’in French. La Peche Maritime, 190, Boulevard Haussmann, Paris, France. TROUT: "An Ecological Comparison of Six Populations of Brown Trout Salmo trutta," by James T. McFadden and Edwin L. Copper, article, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 91, no. 1, 1962, pp- D3-62, printed. Secretary, American Fisheries Society, P. O. Box 483, McLean, Va. "Effect of Harvest, Migration, and Stocking on Rain- bow Trout Spawning Potential in a Wyoming Lake," by John W. Mueller and Louis C. Rockett, article, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 91, no. 1, 1962, pp. 63-68, printed. Secretary, American Fisheries Society, P. O. Box 483, McLean, Va. "Fecundity of the Spotted Seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus Cuvier from Lake Borgne Area, Louisiana," by Bang- alore I. Sundararaj and Royal D. Suttkus, article, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 91, no. 1, 1962, pp. 84-88, printed. Secretary, se ican Fisheries Society, P. O. Box 483, McLean, Va. TUNA: "Chemical Studies on the Red Muscle (Chai) of Fishes. XII--Oxygen Dissociation Curve of Tuna Myoglobin," by Fumio Matsuura and Kanehisa Hashimoto, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisher - jes, vol. 27, February 1961, pp. 162-165, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-chome, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. "Indian Tunas--A Preliminary Review, with a Key for their Identification,'' by S. Jones and E. G. Silas, article, Indian Journal of Fisheries, vol. VII, no. 2, October 1960, pp. 369-393, illus., printed. Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Government of India, New Delhi, India. "Lipids of the Muscle of Tuna, Thynnus orientalis. VII--Distribution of Lipids in Dark-Colored Muscle, Ordinary Muscle, and Several Other Tissues," by Muneo Katada, Koichi Zama, and Hisanao Igarashi, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 26, April 1960, pp. -429, printed. (Translated by George Kudo, U. S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries, Technological Laboratory, Seat- tle, Wash.) Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-chome, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. "Mammoth Purse Seiners, Helicopters Open a New Era in Tuna Fishing," article, Fish Boat, vol. 6, November 1961, pp. 22-25, printed. Fish Boat, H. L. Peace Publications, 624 Gravier St., New Orleans, ORatiar "O Rasprostranenii, Biologii I Promysle Tikhookean- skikh Tuntsov'' (Distribution, Biology of, and Fishery for the Pacific Tunas), by V. G. Osipov, article, Trudy Soveshchaniia, Ikhtiol. Komissiia Akad. Nauk SSSR, vol. 10, 1960, pp. 188-194, printed in Russian. Four Continent Book Corp., 156 5th Ave., New York LO; N.Y "Ou en est le Japon dans le domaine de la peche et du commerce international des thonides?'' (Where Does Japan Stand in the Fishery and International Trade for Tuna?), by F. Doumenge, article, La Peche Mari- time, vol. 41, no. 1012, July 1962, pp. 504-511, illus., printed in French. La Peche Maritime, 190, Boule- vard Haussmann, Paris, France. "Purse Seining for Pacific Albacore," by John A. Shaver, article, California Fish and Game, vol. 48, January 1962, pp. 81-82, printed. California Depart- ment of Fish and Game, 987 Jedsmith Dr., Sacra- mento 19, Calif. "On the Quality of Katsuwo-Bushi (Dried Bonito Meat, One of the Popular Seasonings in Japan). I--Methods November 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 125 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. of Preparing the Stock from Katsuwo-Bushi," by Keiichi Oishi, Yuko Tamura, and Kiichi Murata, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scien- tific Fisheries, vol. 25, December 1959, pp. 636- 638, Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6- chome, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. "Schooling Intensity of Albacore in South Pacific," by Takeo Ishii and Yoshio Hiyama, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 27, August 1961, pp. 805-812, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-chome, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. "Studies of Movements of Albacore Fishing Grounds in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. IlI--Influence of Fluctuations of the Oceanographical Conditions upon the Fishing Grounds of Albacore in the Summer Period and Its Fishery Conditions in the Eastern Waters Off Japan,'' by Motoo Inoue, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 26, December 1 » pp. 1152-1161, printed. Japa- nese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-chome, Shiba- Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. A World List of Experts Concerned With the Study of the Biology of Tunas and Related Species, FAO Fish- eries Biology Technical Paper No. 10, 27 pp., proc- essed, distribution restricted. Food andAgriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, April 1962. This is one of a series of technical papers in which are listed the names and addresses of persons known to FAO to be conducting research on, or interested in, a particular subject within the general field of aquatic sciences and fisheries research. This document, a revision ofafirst draft (FB/T 10 issued in February 1961), contains names of persons interested in tuna and related species. Includes also geographic, lan- guage, subject, and taxonomic indexes. TURKEY: Balik ve Balikcilik (Fish and Fishery), vol. 10, no. 1- 2, January-February 1962, 32 pp., illus., printed in Turkish with English table of contents. Balikcilik Mudurlugu, Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey. Includes, among others, the following articles: ''The Most Precious Sea Product: Caviar;" 'The 1961 Exports of Sea Products and Fish Products;" ''The Produc - tion of Sea Products in Turkey;" and ''The 1961 Production and Export of Sponge in Turkey," U.S.S.R.: "O Neobkhodimosti Biologicheskogo Obosnovaniya Minimal'Nykh Promyslovykh Razmerov Na Ryb, Dopuskaemykh K Vylovu Po Pravilam Rybylovstva" (The Necessity for a Biological Basis for the Mini- mal Commercial Size of Fish Allowed to be Caught in Accordance With Fishing Laws), by L. S. Berdi- chevskii, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 9, 1960, pp. 23-27,’printed in Russian. VNIRO Glavniproekta, pri Gosplanie SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. "Puti Uluchsheniya Uslovii Razmnozheniya Ryb v Del'te Volgi" (Ways of Improving the Conditions for the Multiplication of Fish in the Volga Delta), by V. Y. Goremykin, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 10, 1960, pp. 17-20, printedin Russian. Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, VNIRO Glavniproekta, pri Gosplanie SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. VESSELS: "Zagadnienie Szybkosci Dalekomorskich Statkow Ry- backich" (The Problem of Speed for Deep-Sea Fish- ing Boats), by D. Bogucki and J. Swiecicki, article, Budownictwo Okretowe, vol. 6, no. 2, 1961, pp. 47-50, illus., printed in Polish with English summary. Wy- dawnictwa Czasopism Technicznych NOT, 3/5 Czac- kiego, Warsaw, Poland. VITAMINS: "Loss of Vitamin B, in Raw Fish and Pork by Cooking," by Noriko Arima and others, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 55, September 18, 1961, 19059f, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D.C. "Vitamin B Content in Tissue of Red Salmon," by Shi- geo Murayama, Masaaki Yanase, and Kikuko Tabei, article, Tokaiku Suisan Kenkyusho Kenkyu Hokoku (Bulletin of Tokai Regional Fisheries Research Lab- oratory), no. 25, 1959, pp. 67-79, printed. Tokaiku Senkyujo, 12-2, Tsukishima Hishigashi-dori, Chuo- ku, Tokyo, Japan. WASHINGTON: Washington State Department of Fisheries, 1960 Annual Report, 232 pp., illus., printed. Washington State De- partment of Fisheries, 4015 20th Ave. W., Seattle 99, Wash., 1961. Includes information on the activities of the Department of Fisheries during 1960 in the fields of pollution, fish farming, water management, fish disease investigations, and fisheries law enforcement. Sections are also included on otter trawling, troll salmon tagging, the Columbia River Fisheries, coast- al investigations, chinook escapement, effects of seis- mic tests on fish life, and power dam studies. Spe- cialized problems are dealt with in chapters on the razor clam fishery, Japanese seed oyster export program, coastal pink shrimp fishery, and oyster reproduction. A considerable portion of the report is devoted to the 1960 fisheries statistical report containing data on commercial landings and fishway counts. WEST INDIES: "Fisheries Development in the West Indies, 1960- 1961," by Ernest Hess, article, West Indies Fisher - ies Bulletin, no. 1, January/February 1962, pp. I- 14, processed. Ministry of Natural Resources and Agriculture, Federal House, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, W.I1. Discusses work done in marine and fresh- water fisheries, fishing craft and gear, major fish- ing operations, handling and processing of fish, and marketing and exports. Discusses also fisheries education and training, aid and technical assistance, organization of fishermen, as well as special prob- lems and major needs of the industry. WHALES: "Whale Observation and Whale Marking off the Coast of Chile in 1958 and from Ecuador Towards and Be- yond the Galapagos Islands in 1959," by Robert Clarke article, Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende (The Norwegian Whaling Gazette), vol. 51, no. ls July 1962, pp. 265- 280, 283-284, 286-287, illus., printed. Hvalfanger- foreningen, Sandefjord, Norway. WHALING: "Participation, Production and Price Conditions in the Small-Whale Fisheries 1938-1960," by J. L. 126 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. Holm, article, Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende (The Nor- wegian Whaling s Gazette), vol. 51, no. 6, June 1962, pp. 225-240, 242, 244, 246, 249, illus., printed in Norwegian and English. Hvalfangerforeningen, Sandefjord, Norway. Discusses prices, production, and participation in the Norwegian small whale fish- eries during the periods 1938-1947, 1948-1953, and 1954-1960. In 1949 concessions were granted to 384 whalers and the production of whale meat be- came so large that steps had to be taken to restrict the number of concessions. The number of conces- sions issued was gradually reduced and stabilized at about 200 per annum since 1954. The whaling season was restricted to 6 months a year beginning in 1952. In 1955, regulations provided that the tak- ing of small whales in waters north of 70° N. lati- tude should terminate June 30. Since the shore stations! production declined after 1952, the small- whale fishermen have increased their whaling in- tensity, so that the average annual production of Vol. 24, No. 11 the two combined has remained at about 6,400 tons of whale meat. The wholesale price of little piked whale meat had a regulative influence on the total production of whale meat between 1949 and 1957. Since 1958 the wholesale prices have risen unusual- ly high, while the production has been below the average. WORLD TRADE: "World Export Regulations," article, International Commerce, vol. 68, no. 3, July 2, 1962, pp. 8-11, printed, single copy 35 cents. Bureau of Interna- tional Programs, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D. C. (For sale by the Superintend- ent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.) This tabulation of the import and exchange permit requirements of foreign coun- tries was prepared as an aid to exporters. The regulations apply primarily to goods of United States origin and to other goods payable in United States dollars. This list was revised as of June 1, 1962. FISH CURING ON NORTH AMERICAN NORTH ATLANTIC COAST DATES BACK TO 1500 "The fish-curing industry of the North Atlantic coast of North Amer- ica dates back at least to the year 1500. There are authentic records of fish-curing activities as of that period, and legends of activities at much earlier date. An extensive fish-curing industry along the North Atlantic coast of North America was carriedon for more than one hundred years before there was any permanent settlement. As early as the year 1580 more than 300 ships from Europe were salting cod in this area. New- foundland, 'the oldest British colony,' owes its origin to the fish-curing industry which is still the dominant factor in the economic life of that " countrys --Principles and Methods in the Canning of | Fishery Products, Research Report No. 18 (page 2), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Editorial Assistant--Ruth V. Keefe Compositors--Jean Zalevsky, Alma Greene, Helen Paretti, and Raie Carron Kk Ok ok Ok Photograph Credits: Page by page, the following list gives the source or photographer for each photograph in this issue. Photographs on pages not mentioned were obtained from the Service's file and the photographers are unknown. Cover, pp. 12, 13, 14, & 15--A. C. Jensen, Woods Hole, Mass.; p. 17-- V. L. Fortin, Juneau, Alaska; pp. 28, 29, 42, & 52--F. B. Sanford and C. F. Lee; p. 37--Coast and Geodetic Survey; p. 48--New Bedford Standard Times; p. 64, fig. 2--Royal Danish Ministry of Foreign Af- fairs; p. 78--Consulate General of Japan, N. Y. INDUSTRIAL FISHERY PRODUCTS - 1961 C. F. S. 2863, Industrial Fishery Products - 1961 (An Annual Summary), shows the production of industrial fishery products by 170 plants in the United States, American Samoa, and Puerto Rico in 1961 was valued at $74.5 million to the processors. The 1961 production of fish scrap and UNITED STATES SUPPLY OF FISH MEAL AND SOLUBLES, 1955-61] meal amounted to 311,000 tons valued at = $32 million to the processors. This was : 21,000 tons more thanin 1960 and exceeded la Thousand tons (dry weight) the previous record established in 1959 by nearly 5,000 tons. Menhaden meal ac- counted for 80 percent of the total produc- tion of fish meal. productisn —__ Elimpors ae Production of fishand fish-liver oils inthe United States and Puerto Rico totaled nearly 35 million gallons. The production was 23 percent above that of 1960 but below the record 40 million gallons produced in 1936. Menhaden oil established a new record and accounted for 91 percent of the 1961 production. The yield, during 1961, of homogenized condensed fish (nearly 12,000 tons) was about 2,000 tons above that of the previous year. Production of fish solubles (100,000 tons) was about 10,000 tons larger than in 1960. Copies of C.F.S. No. 2863 are available free from the Office of Information, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington 25, D.C, | = | DECEMBER 1962 FISH and WILDLIFE SERVICE United States Department of the Interior N fe) Zz Sei N — O W ashington, D.C. UNITED STATES BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD L. MCKERNAN, DIRECTOR STEWART L. UDALL, SECRETARY DIVISION OF RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE RALPH C. BAKER, CHIEF CLARENCE F. PAUTZKE, COMMISSIONER A review of developments and news of the fishery industries prepared in the BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES. Joseph Pileggi, Editor Address correspondence andrequeststo the: Chief, Branch of Market News, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U. S. Department of the Interior, Washington 25, D. C. Publication of material from sources outside the Bureau is not an endorsement. The Bureau is not responsible for the accuracy of facts, views, or opinions contained in material from outside sources. Although the contents of the publication have not been copyrighted and may be reprinted freely, reference to the source is appreciated. Use of funds for printing this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, May 10, 1960. 5/31/63 CONTENTS COVER: Cod end of fish trawl being hauled aboard the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing ves- sel Silver Bay. Catches consisted of snapper, grouper, and related species. They were caught along the southeastern coast of the United States. (See pp. 1-7 of this issue.) Page 1. .Snapper Trawling Explorations Along the Southeastern Coast of the United States, by Robert Cummins, Jr., Joaquim B. Rivers, and Paul Struhsaker 8 ..The United States Fishing Industry and the European Common Market, by Harold E. Crowther and Arthur M. Sandberg 14 ..Hydraulic Press for Laboratory Preparation of Fish Press Cake, by Lynne G. McKee and Richard W. Nelson Page Page TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS: TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Alaska: American Samoa: 17... Bristol Bay Approaches Ruled Alaska Ter- 21 .. Training Program for Samoans to Learn ritorial Waters Long-Line Tuna Fishing 17 .. Russian Whaling Near Kodiak California: 17... Salmon Pack in 1962 Largest in Ten Years 22... Midwater Trawling for Salmon Fingerlings 17 .. Kodiak Area Salmon Catch Continued 18 .. Shrimp Catch Up in 1962 22 Pelagic Fish Population Survey Continued 18 .. Herring 1962 Season Successful 25 .. Abalone Growth Studies Conducted for Com- Alaska Fisheries Exploration and Gear Re- mercial and Sport Fishery search: Cans--Shipments for Fishery Products: 18 .. Chartered Trawler Begins Exploratory Bot- 27... %January-August 1962 tom Fishing in Southeastern Alaska 28 .. By Areas, January-June 1962 and 1961 18 .. Stocks of Shrimp Located Near Prince Wil- Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations: liam Sound 28 .. Tuna Studies in South Pacific Continued Alaska Fisheries Investigations: 30 .. Fish Behavior Near Floating Objects Studied 2 Oat Pink Salmon Studies Siar Fish Behavior Studied on First Raft Expedi- 20 .. Red Salmon Studies in Bristol Bay-Naknek tion River System Fish Protein Concentrate: 21 .. Yukon River Salmon Research 33 .. National Academy of Sciences Spurs Interior 21 .. Herring Research Department Research 21 .. King Crab Research Fur Seals: 21 .. Maiden Voyage of New Oceanographic Re- 33... Five Firms Seek United States Government search Vessel Sealskin Processing Contract Contents continued page II, II COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 12 CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Page Page : TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Great Lakes Fisheries Exploration and Gear U. S. Foreign Trade (Contd.): Research: BS) by Edible Fishery Products, September 1962 34 .. Trawl Fishing Investigation in Lake Erie Wholesale Prices: Great Lakes Fishery Investigations: eds se Edible Fish and Shellfish, October 1962 36 0 Lake Erie Fish Population Survey Continued FOREIGN: 36 Dredge Performance Tested for Bottom International: Studies in Southern Lake Michigan General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade: 37 Lake Trout Distribution Studies in Western 56 Twentieth Session of Contracting Parties Lake Superior Continued Europe: Gulf Exploratory Fishery Program: 56 West European Fishery Conference Held in 37 Shrimp Marking Study in Gulf of Mexico Goteborg 38 .. Electrical Field Experiments and Shrimp Orisa Scandinavian and British Fisheries Associ- Burrowing Behavior Cbservations in Gulf tions Meet of Mexico Food and Agriculture Organization: Gulf Fishery Investigations: BY 6 Asiatic Fresh-Water Shrimp Culture Ex- 38 Shrimp Fishery Program periments Successful 40 Behavior Program 58 FAO Requests Funds for Central America 41 Estuarine Program Fishing Industry Study 41 Industrial Fishery Program International Association of Fish Meal Manu- 42 Shrimp Distribution Studies facturers: Industrial Fishery Products: 58 Report on Third Annual Conference Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commis - 43 U. S. Production, September 1962 sion: 44 How Much Fish Meal Should Broiler Rations GOErr. Results and Recommendations of Second Contain for Best Results Session 4d More Fish Meal and Oil in Animal Mixed Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council: Feeds Encouraged GOlares Tenth Session Held in Seoul Inventions: Fish Meal: 45 New Outboard Motor Tilting Device Patented 61 World Production, August 1962 45 New Fish Lure Patented Argentine Republic: 45 New Lifeboat Launching Device Patented 61 Joint Japanese-Argentine Tuna Fishing Ven- Massachusetts: ture 46 New Marine Fisheries Advisory Commission Australia: Michigan: 61 Western Australia Begins Export of Shrimp 46 Lake Trout Planted in Six Lakes 62 re Fisheries Research, Development, and Ad- Middle Atlantic States: ministration Discussed 46 Fishery Landings, 1961 62 .. Tagging Results in Australian Waters Missouri: Brazil: 47 Fisheries Research Unit for Missouri Uni- 63 New Shrimp Processing and Exporting versity Company New England: Canada: 48 Fisheries, 1961 64 .. Frozen Fish Trade Mission to Europe Ohio River Basin: 64 Price Disagreement Ties Up British Colum- 48 Water Quality Management Plan for Upper bia Herring Fleet ‘ Ohio River Basin 64 , New Research Vessel G. B. Reed Launched Salmon: 65 .. Pacific Salmon Tagging 49 Interior Department to Intervene in New Don Ceylon: Pedro (Calif.) Reservoir Project Hearing 65. Fishery Trends and Foreign Investment Shrimp: Possibilities 49 United States Shrimp Supply Indicators, Chile: October 1962 66 Fisheries Trends, September 1962 Tuna: Denmark: 50 Pack in United States and Territories in 67... Fish Fillets and Blocks and Fishery Indus- 1962 at Record High trial Products Exports, January-August 50 Bluefin Tagged off California 1962 50 Shark-Tuna Relationships in Eastern Pacific (fe U.S. May Get Fillets Formerly Sold to East Under Study Germany United States Fisheries: 68 .. Fishery Exports, January-August 1962 50 Commercial Fishery Landings, January - 68 .. Fish-Reduction Plant Odor Control Studied October 1962 68 .. Fishery Landings in Danish Ports, January- 51 Fish Sticks and Portions Production, July- August 1962 September 1962 Fiji Islands: U.S. Fishing Vessels: 69 Tuna Base Approved by Japanese Government 53 Documentations Issued and Cancelled, Sep- BO a. Fisheries Division to be Established tember 1962 Ghana: U.S. Foreign Trade: 69 Economic Cooperation with Japan 53 Imports of Canned Tuna in Brine Under Quota 69 .. Six Fishing Vessels to be Purchased from Japan Contents continued page III. December 1962 Page COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW TI CONTENTS (CONTINUED) FOREIGN (Contd.): Ghana (Contd.): Soviets Land Fish in Ghana Soviets to Deliver Fishing Vessels Ghanaian Fishermen Trained to Use Purse Seines Greece: Outboard Motors Donated to Greek Fisher- men Iceland: Fisheries Trends, Late September 1962 Japan: Price Drop in August 1962 for Frozen Tuna Exports to U.S. Status of Frozen Yellowfin Tuna Export Quota Frozen Tuna Exports to U. S. Direct from Japan, April-September 1962 Frozen Tuna Exports to Italy Exports of Frozen Tuna to the United States, 1961 Exports of Frozen Tuna and Canned Tuna in Brine, FY 1961 Eleventh Sale of Canned Tuna in Brine for Export to U.S. Exports of Canned Tuna in Oil, April-July 1962 Exports of Canned Tuna in Oil, April-August 1962 Exports of Canned Fishery Products, Jan- uary-March 1962 Canned Tuna in Oil Market in Europe Weakens Tuna Vessel Operations in Atlantic Ocean, October 1962 Research Vessel to Survey Eastern Pacific Ocean Tuna Resources Tuna Ex-Vessel Prices at Tokyo New Regulations for Portable-Vessel-Car- rying Tuna Motherships Four Japanese Firms to Use Class Two Tuna Motherships with Portable Vessels Tuna Mothership Operation in Indian Ocean Yaizu Fishery Landings, January-August 1962 Frozen Tuna Heads Exported for Bait Frozen Halibut Export Trends, August 1962 Canned Jack Mackerel Sales, April-Septem- ber 1962 United States-Japan Agree on Sanitation Standards for Fresh or Frozen Oysters Stern Trawler Departs for West African Waters Republic of Korea: Korean Group Visits Italy to Implement Loan to Build Fishing Vessels Lebanon: Fisheries Trends Malaya: Joint Japanese-Malayan Cannery Reported Packing Tuna in Brine Mexico: Shrimp Fishery Trends, August-September 1962 Morocco: Territorial Waters Extended Frozen Sardine Exports to France to be Re- sumed Page 80 80 87 87 88 88 88 89 89 89 90 FOREIGN (Contd.): Mozambique: Seeks Joint Fishing Venture with Japan Nigeria: Poland Sends Factory Trawler to Nigeria Norway: Tuna Landings as of September 9, 1962 Herring Fishery Trends, September 1962 Fishery Sales Organization's Sales and Ex- ports Set Records Nearly All Ex-Whalers Have Shore Jobs New Norwegian Stern Trawler Hekktind Peru: Exports of Principal Marine Products, Jan- uary-June 1962 Fish Meal Marketing Organization Gains Legal Control Over Peruvian Fish Meal Exports Government's New Procedures for Fish Meal Plant Licenses Ryukyu Islands: Tuna Fishing Trends South Africa Republic: New Direct Shipping Point for Fish Meal Participation in Indian Ocean Research Spain: Bilbao Tuna Fisheries Trends, Third Quarter 1962 Tunisia: Territorial Waters Extended WES Sake: Fishery Exploration in Bering Sea Fishing Fleet Expansion and 1961 Catches Stern Trawler Returns from West Africa Two-Boat Trawl Used in North Atlantic United Kingdom: Fishery Studies by Humber Laboratory “FEDERAL ACTIONS: Department of Commerce: Area Redevelopment Administration: Industrial Loan to Fishery Firm in Wash- ington State Approved Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Food and Drug Administration: Survey of State and Local Food and Drug Laws Public Health Service: Shellfish Sanitation Centers to be in Opera- tion in 1963 Department of the Interior: United States Strives to Rehabilitate Its Fish- ing Industry Fish and Wildlife Service: Bureau of Commercial Fisheries: New Assistant Regional Director Appointed for Great Lakes and Central Region Sport Fisheries and Wildlife: Two Fishery Research Stations Dedicated Department of Labor: Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Divisions: Expiration Date Extended on Handicapped Work- er Certificates Issued to Shellfish Industry Conditions Governing Employment of Learn- ers at Subminimum Wage Rates U. S. Tariff Commission: Proposed Changes in Import Tariff Schedules Include Frozen Fish Blocks and Monofilament Gill Nets Contents continued page IV. IV COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 12 CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Page Page FEDERAL ACTIONS (Contd.): FISHERY INDICATORS (Contd.): Treasury Department: 96 .. Chart 4 - Receipts and Cold-Storage Holdings Coast Guard: of Fishery Products at Principal Distribution Xo). Gen Amended Federal Regulations for Port Centers Security Cards 96 .. Chart 5 - Fish Meal and Oil Production - U.S. 91 ,,. Eighty-Seventh Congress (Second Session) and Alaska FISHERY INDICATORS: 97 .. Chart 6 - Canned Packs of Selected Fishery 93 .. Chart 1 - Fishery Landings for Selected States Products 94 .. Chart 2 - Landings for Selected Fisheries 98 .. Chart 7 - U.S. Fishery Products Imports 95 .. Chart 3 - Cold-Storage Holdings and Freezings RECENT FISHERY PUBLICATIONS: of Fishery Products 99 .. Fish and Wildlife Service Publications 102 .. Miscellaneous Publications ORIGIN OF MAINE SARDINE CANNING INDUSTRY "Sardines were first packedat Nantes, France, in 1834, and by 1860 a fairly goodmarket had been created for French sardines in this coun- try. Efforts were made to establish an American industry in 1871, uti- lizing young menhaden as rawmaterial. In1877 Julius Wolff began can- ning small herring at Eastport, Me., and is credited with starting the first really successful American sardine cannery. Ina few years a large number of sardine canners were operating in northern Maine and nearby Canada." --"Principles and Methods in the Canning of Fishery Products, " Research Report No. 7 (page 3), U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Editorial Assistant--Ruth V. Keefe Compositors--Jean Zalevsky, Alma Greene, Helen Paretti, and Raie Carron Photograph Credits: Page by page, the following list gives the source or photographer for each photograph in this issue. Photographs on pages not mentioned were obtained from the Service's file and the photographers are unknown. Cover & p. 6--J. B. Rivers, Brunswick, Ga.; p. 4--P. J. Struhsaker, Brunswick, Ga.; p. 17 (upper right)--Alaska Dept. of Fish & Game, (lower right)--F. Hipkins; p.18--V. L. Fortin; pp. 30 & 32--Biologi- cal Laboratory, Honolulu, Hawaii; pp.47 & 69--A. W. Anderson, U. S. Regional Fisheries Attachefor Europe; pp. 51 & 54--F. B. Sanford and C. F. Lee; pp. 57 & 66 (lower right)--FAO;p.66 (upper right)-- United Nations; p. 76--Consulate General of Japan, N. Y. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C Price 60 cents (single copy). Subscription Price: $5.50 a year; $2 additional for foreign mailing December 1962 Washington 25, D. C. Vol. 24, No. 12 SNAPPER TRAWLING EXPLORATIONS ALONG THE SOUTHEASTERN COAST OF THE UNITED STATES By Robert Cummins, Jr.,* Joaquim B. Rivers,* and Paul Struhsaker* SUMMARY Concentrations of food fish along the southeastern coast of the United States have been discovered by U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing with the chartered trawler Silver Bay. Catches, during the explorations, ranged up to 2,000 pounds of snapper, grouper, and ecologically-related species having average landed values of 15 to 23 cents a pound. Bestcatches were made on "live bottom" off St. Augustine, Fla., and SSE. of Cape Fear, off the Carolinas. Careful attention to depth-recorder fish traces and use of a funnel flapper in the roller-rigged trawls were major factors in the success of the explorations. INTRODUCTION Exploratory fishing has revealed commercial concentrations of food fish in selected areas along the south Atlantic coast of the United States. Because of the interest shown in this potential fishery, the following report has been prepared to provide preliminary infor- mation on trawl-caught snapper, grouper, and ecologically-related species. The information is preliminary in that explorations on a regional and seasonal basis are incomplete. Data obtained on cruises of the trawler Silver Bay, a vessel chartered for fishery explorations by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, form the basis of the report. AREA OF EXPLORATIONS Exploratory fishing with roller-rigged fish trawls was conducted over the continental shelf in 15 to 70 fathoms between Ft. Pierce, Fla., and Cape Hatteras, N. C. Most coverage was obtained in 15 to 30 fathoms where the bottom varied from smooth to broken, but where trawling with roller-rigged trawls was generally possible. Limited coverage was given the 30- to 70-fathom range. From 15 to 70 fathoms between Cape Lookout and Cape Canaveral, "live bottom" areas were found where food fish were caught with bottom trawls in varying amounts. ''Live bot- tom" is composed, typically, of the following animals and inert materials. Loggerhead sponge - generally present, small to very large amounts Fire sponge generally present, variable amounts Other sponge - always present, small amounts Coral - occasionally present, small amounts Rock - sometimes present, variable amounts Shell - usually present, small amounts The area beyond 70 fathoms adjacent to the Gulf Stream was not explored with fish trawls, and the extent of the resources in deep water is, therefore, unknown. *Fishery Methods and Equipment Specialists, Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research Station, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Brunswick, Ga. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE SEP. NO. 661 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 12 During exploratory fishing trials, the best catches were invariably made on "live bottom" when fish tracings appeared on a whiteline depth-recorder. Characteristically, the catches possessed a strong, warmly pungent odor associated with the "live bottom.' and SSE. of Cape Fear, 5S. C., good catches were made consist- Off St. Augustine, Fla., Cov- ently on "live bottom" at different seasons during several Silver Bay cruises (fig. 1). 80 35 Southport ( S77 orga oO S @C. Fear = va : i LONG BAY oN S, Georgetown »& BETO as S., : Sn ue Oy NA Ye f ge Be gk. nose oes 2537 Charleston wd a 3348 yee ot eon 3650 Ou 3324 EA 3654 we An MaiscAqN a : = M 2 Pras: a os Alaska BRISTOL BAY APPROACHES RULED ALASKA TERRITORIAL WATERS: The territorial waters of the State of Alas- ka in Bristol Bay are those waters withina line from Cape Newenham to Cape Menshikof on the Alaska Peninsula," ruled the First Superior Court of Alaska early inSeptember 1962. This decision culminated an involved legal battle over Alaska's right to tax freezerships op- erating more than three miles offshore with- in Bristol Bay. Defense attorneys did not dispute the locations where the freezerships purchased salmon butargued that the accepted three-mile territorial limit placed the ves- sels outside Alaskan waters, therefore, they should not be subject to state taxation. The Superior Court Judge stated that in his opinion the Federal Government "hasas- serted a claim to all Bristol Bay waters landward of a line drawn between Cape New- enham and Cape Menshikof as inland waters through interrelated administrative and ju- dicial action" and that in order to control the fisheries ofthe area "jurisdiction has been, and must be, asserted to that extent," Hk ook ook ok RUSSIAN WHALING NEAR KODIAK: Late in September 1962, a concentration of Russian whale catcher vessels moved in- to the area immediately south of Kodiak Is- land off Alaska. Patrol vessels traversing those waters estimated the Russian fleet at approximately 12 killer vessels. Fishingwas apparently good as many whales were inevi- dence throughout the area, This movement appears to be a major shift of Russian whal- ing effort which was previously centered in the central Aleutian Islands. Cards cer sy Eki SALMON PACK IN 1962 LARGEST IN TEN YEARS: The Alaska canned salmon pack as of Sep- tember 23, 1962, totaled 3,410,000 cases (48 1-lb. cans). This is the largest pack re- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 17 =! REN DSS == = AND EDEVELO PMENTS} Gill-net boat in Alaska with a load of red salmon. corded since 1952, when the pack totaled 3,574,000 cases. The large pack this year was the result of the excellent run of pinks in Central Alaska, which accounted for 1,212,000 cases or 35.5 percent of the total Alaska pack of all species. KODIAK AREA SALMON CATCH: The total catch of salmon in the Kodiak district totaled 15,750,000 fish. Of that total, pinks accounted for 14,098,000, chums 821,000, reds 774,000, cohos 56,000, and kings 1,800 Salmon, clam, and crab cannery in Cordova, Alaska. 18 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW fish. The pink salmon catch exceed all pre- vious even years in the history of the Kodiak Island fishery. The 565,770 cases of pinks packed constituted 70 percent of the total pack of 711,000 cases packed for the dis- trict, He ok ok ok ok SHRIMP CATCH UP IN 1962: The Kodiak district shrimp catch in the first 9 months of 1962 was greater than the 1961 catch and that for any previous year. The Kodiak catch in 1961 was 11,084,000 pounds, The 1962 catch as of September 30 was 11,219,000 pounds. Seuistenbolena kan ste HERRING 1962 SEASON SUCCESSFUL: The herring reduction fishery in South- east Alaska ended on September 12, 1962, following a decline in the availability of her- ring. The single reduction plant in opera- tion experienced a relatively successful sea- son with a total catch of over 13,800 short tons. The catch per unit of effort was better this season than that found in recent years. However, it is believed that the absence of competition among the several plants nor- mally in operation may have contributed more to the success of fishing than did a possibly larger abundance of fish. Nearly 80 percent of the season's catch was four- year-old herring, The oil yield was high throughout the season, = Alaska Fisheries Exploration and Gear Research CHARTERED TRAWLER BEGINS EXPLORATORY BOTTOM FISHING IN SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA: Exploratory bottom fishing with the char- tered trawler Yaquina was scheduled in the waters of Lynn Canal and Chatham Straits in Southeastern Alaska during October-No- vember 1962, by the Bureau's Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research Base at Juneau. The principal objective is to determine the potential fisheries resources in Alaskan waters, The emphasis is on finding out the availability and abundance of fish and shell- fish resources which might expand the com- mercial fisheries in that area, The princi- Vol. 24, No. 12 pal method to be used is bottom fishing with trawl gear at regular intervals down to depths Yaquina, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel. of over 400 fathoms (2,400 feet). Crab pots and experimental gear for octopus were to be used, as well as trawls. The results of these surveys and similar studies by the Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries may pave the way toward the increased use of valuable resources which are not now completely understood, The Yaquina was to be used continuously from early July until November 1962 onking crab exploration near Kodiak, shrimp ex- ploration in the Seward area, and bottomfish exploration in Southeastern Alaska, The king crab exploration ended on August 19, and the shrimp exploration was completed on October 4, Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1962p. 15. Cp Seems oe STOCKS OF SHRIMP LOCATED NEAR PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND: M/V "Yaquina™ Cruise 62-2 (August 21- October 4, 1962): To define the availability of shrimp in the waters near the Kenai Pen- insula and Prince William Sound was the principal objective of this 6-week explora- tory cruise by the U. 8. Bureau of Commer - cial Fisheries chartered vessel Yaquina. Shrimp catches in amounts up to 2,500 pounds December 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 19 were made per 1-hour trawl drag during the trip. A semi-balloon shrimp trawl, measuring 70 feet along the footrope, was used ina series of 93 drags lasting about one hour each. Depth intervals from 9 to 200 fath- oms were sampled for indications of shrimp. Incidental to trawling, experimental shrimp pots were set at 11 locations. Shrimp were caught at over 80 percent of the locations fished during the cruise. The dominant species caught was pink shrimp (Pandalus borealis), followed by side-stripe shrimp (Pandalopsis dispar), Other species were also caught in small quantities. Best 3 fishing during the survey was east of Monta- aN ae gue Island off Patton Bay. Four 1-hour trawl EE. drags in depths from 45-75 fathoms in that SE ee ne RRR < area, yielded a catch of approximately 8,000 Stern view of vessel Yaquina showing reel retrieving and stowing pounds of shrimp. Most of that catch was trawl net. Legend: —<— SHRIMP TRAWL. e— SNAG. eared 50 FATHOMS. —— 100 FATHOMS. (2222 BEST FISHING (SHRIMP). Resurrection Bay 148 146° Explorations in Alaskan waters by chartered vessel Yaquina Cruise 62-2 (August 21-October 4, 1962). 20 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW pink shrimp averaging about 80 individual shrimp (heads-on) to the pound. Commer- cial vessels fishing for shrimp near Kodiak Island usually maintain catch rates of about 3,000 to 4,000 pounds an hour or more, Other areas where good signs of shrimp were found included off Johnstone Bay where 1,100 pounds of shrimp were caught during two l-hour drags. It was of particular sig- nificance that over two-thirds of the shrimp caught in that area were the side-stripe va- riety averaging from 28 to 36 shrimp (heads- on) per pound, Trawl catches in the vicinity of Hinchinbrook Island indicated a fair con- centration of shrimp with several catches of over 500 pounds. Most of those were small shrimp not suitable for commercial use. The results of limited pot-fishing ex- periments did not indicate that it was a good method of catching shrimp, Fifteen indi- vidual pots, cylindrical-shaped and measur- ing 3 feet long, with tunnels at each end, were set at each of the 11 locations, The baited pots were attached to a line at 5-fathom in- tervals and were anchored on rocky bottom where trawl sampling was not practical. The pots were retrieved after fishing for periods ranging from 12 hours to several days. Catches rarely exceeded more than a few shrimp per pot but included small quantities of large 6 to 10 count heads-on spot shrimp (Pandalus platyceros). This confirmed prior knowledge that this desirable shrimp species frequents rocky bottom, King crab and halibut were tagged during the cruise in cooperation with independent studies. Hydrographic data were recorded at certain locations for information on water temperatures. Trawl catches during the cruise also indicated widespread distribu- tion of tanner crabs. In addition, a single trawl catch near Cape St. Elias in 58 to 62 fathoms yielded 300 large scallops. It was believed that the last two species mentioned may be of commercial importance some time in the future, Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, November 1962 p. 17. Alaska Fisheries Investigations The following is a report of the August- September 1962 activities and studies by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Auke Bay, Alaska. Vol. 24, No. 12 PINK SALMON STUDIES: Attempts to regulate the even-year stock of pink salmon in Sashin Creek, Alaska, were apparently successful. The purpose of this study is to determine if the run of pink salm- on ina particular stream can be re-estab- lished naturally. It is not certain whether the pink salmon entering Sashin Creek fish are strays from neighboring watersheds, However, it is concluded that for 1962, sub- stantial straying did not occur, This was one of the questions set forth when the small even-year cycle was controlled at Sashin Creek, The spawning escapement of pink salmon into the Olsen Bay stream was in excess of 50,000 fish. Studies so far indicate that there is an egg saturation point in the gravel be- yond which further spawning would not be beneficial. In the Olsen Bay study area this may mean that the final one-fourth of the run spawned without increasing the actual amount of egg deposition, The heavy escapement of pink salmon at Olsen Bay, even after a heavy commercial fishery, resulted from the unex- pected abundance of pink salmon in the Prince William Sound area, Pei SB 0s Digs ciaolcims cute RED SALMON STUDIES IN BRISTOL BAY-NAKNEK RIVER SYSTEM: It is becoming increasingly apparent that young red salmon fry in the Bristol Bay-Nak- nek River system do not remain ina single lake even during their first year in freshwa- ter. Tow net catches in September 1962 in Coville and Grosvenor Lakes indicated that the young salmon were concentrated in the outlet end of each lake preparatory to out- migration, The outmigration from Coville Lake was finished by mid-September but that of Grosvenor Lake was still in progress. In Coville River the red salmon fry outmi- gration seemed to be independent of light intensity; in contrast the outmigration to Grosvenor River occurred only during dark- ness. Brooks Lake also demonstrated a moderate outmigration of red salmon fry throughout September. These findings havea bearing on the basic question concerning the productive capacity of the Naknek system for rearing red salmon. Lake areas in the lower system may play a vital role in the survival and abundance of red salmon races which initially utilize lake areas in the upper watershed. December 1962 YUKON RIVER SALMON RESEARCH: The chum salmon run in the Rampart Canyon section of the Yukon River continued throughout September 1962, Heavy rains and severe landslides in the canyon area in early September resulted in the loss of one fish wheel and damage to the remaining wheel. Tagging operations were suspended for one week, and the last part of the late August- early September peak of the chum salmon run was missed. The chum salmon runwas falling off rapidly at the end of September with a light showing of cohos coming in, Six king salmon were tagged during the week of September 23-29. To that date 7,900 chums, 1,380 kings, and 25 cohos had been tagged. Sepa este HERRING RESEARCH: Eight additional radioactive herring tags were recovered in the Washington Bay her- ring reduction plant in September 1962, all of which hadbeenreleasedin 1961. Fromall the radioactive tags recovered so far it would seem that herring which spawn in such scat- tered places as Sitka, Auke Bay, Craig, and the Seymour Canal all mix together in the Frederick Sound and lower Chatham Strait areas. Three radioactive tags had beenrecovered by the rejection equipment in early August in the herring reduction plant. One of these had been released by the Auke Bay Labora- tory staff in 1960 and the other two in 1961, The development of suitable scanning, de- tection, and rejection of tagged fish from the herring production lines has been very dif- ficult. ba fds test tee es KING CRAB RESEARCH: Research on king crabs south of the Alas- kan Peninsula got under way in the summer of 1962 and in August the chartered M/V Paragon released 2,000 tags on its king crab tagging pattern between Chirikof and Trinity Islands. Most of the crabs were taken at depths around 60 fathoms. The samplearea between the Shumagin and Chirikof Islands yielded very few crabs, producing only 142 tag releases. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 21 MAIDEN VOYAGE OF NEW OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSEL: The oceanographic research vessel Murre Il returned to Juneau, Alaska, the latter part of October 1962 after completing her maiden voyage. The Murre II, is an 86-foot power scow being operated by the Auke Bay Bio- logical Laboratory of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. The Bureau's ocean- ographer aboard stated the cruise marked the beginning of a program to relate ocean- ographic conditions to production of fish and shellfish. The trip served as a shakedown and training cruise for the Bureau's ocean- ographers and three scientists from the Douglas Marine Station of the University of Alaska. The Murre II visited five stations during the cruise. Physical, chemical, and biolog- ical data were collected in Behm Canal, Clarence Strait, Sumner Strait, and in Chat- ham Strait off Little Port Walter and off Washington Bay. The preliminary survey included measurements of sea temperatures, salinity, oxygen content of the water, and chemical analyses for mineral content. Tows were made at each station to collect zooplank- ton (minute animals important as food for many species of fish) present in those waters, ait meth ls Cima American Samoa TRAINING PROGRAM FOR SAMOANS TO LEARN LONG-LINE TUNA FISHING: The United States canning firm which operates the tuna cannery in AmericanSamoa in January 1961 began a fishery training pro- gram for Samoans to learn the use of long lines in fishing for tuna. The United States firm in 1954 leased from the United States Government and started operating the tuna cannery in American Samoa. The cannery provides employment for about 400 Samoans. Negotiations were under way in the sum- mer of 1962 for another United States firm to construct a second cannery. (South Pa- cific Bulletin, July 1962.) 22 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW California MIDWATER TRAWLING FOR SALMON FINGERLINGS CONTINUED: M/V “Nautilus ee 62-N-9a-Salmon (September 5-8, 1962); 62-N-9b (September 17-21); 62-N-10a Cua 1-5): Mid-water trawling in the Carquinez Strait for marked salmon fingerlings on their seaward migra- tion were continued by the California De- partment of Fish and Game research ves- sel Nautilus. A nylon midwater trawl witha 25-foot square opening, and a cotton midwa- ter trawl with a 15-foot square opening were used, Trawling was conducted between 8 a.m. and 3 p.m. and each tow lasted 20 minutes. All tows were alternated between upstream and downstream, and between the north shore, center, and south shore of the channel. A total of 150 tows completed in the Strait during the cruises yielded a catch of 48 king salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and 15 adult rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), Two of the salmon were adults, one of which was marked D-RM. The marked salmon was re- leased in the Sacramento River at Hamilton City in 1959, Other Species Caught by the Nautilus on Cruises 62-N-9a, 9b, and 62-N-10a Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) » « « « American shad (Alosa sapidissima) . « « « « Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi). » « « » « « Jacksmelt (Atherinopsis californiensis) ... 2, 000(est) 1, 000(est) Striped bass (Roccus saxatilis) .. 915 Sacramento smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys) . 341 Threadfin shad (Dorosoma petenense) ... 101 Northern midshipman (Porichthys notatus)- + 58 King salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) - « 48 Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) » . » +.» 15 Surfsmelt (Hypomesus pretiosus) + + + +e « Starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) . « « « Staghom sculpin (Leptocottus armatus) « « « Walleye surfperch (Hyperprosopon argenteum) Topsmelt (Atherinops affinis affinis) ... THe aeeee stickleback (Gasterosteus a aculeatus) Pipefish (Syngnathus griseo-lineatus) . » » « Shiner perch (Cymatogaster aqgregata) » Splittail (Pogonichthys macrolepedotus) PRE RPNWWOW These cruises conducted in September - October 1962 conclude a 33-cruise series started on April 10, 1961, by the California Department of Fish and Game. All were re- ported in previous issues of Commercial Fisheries Review. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, November 1962 p. 21. SORE ea See osicie oicmolci ac Vol. 24, No. 12 PELAGIC FISH POPULATION SURVEY CONTINUED: M/V “Alaska” Cruise 62-A-5-Pelagic Fish (September 18-October 7, 1962): The objectives of this cruise were to: (1) survey the sardine population to determine the amount of recruitment from this year's sardine spawn- ing, and to measure the population density of older fish; (2) sample other pelagic species for age, length, and distribution studies; (3) evaluate the midwater trawl as a tool for sampling pelagic species; and (4) collect live sardines for blood genetic and other studies by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisher - ies Biological Laboratory at La Jolla, Calif, The coastal waters of central Baja Califor - nia, Mexico, from Ballenas Bay to Blanca Bay were the areas explored by the Califor - nia Department of Fish and Game research vessel Alaska during this cruise, A Aas Blanca Bay O+ 115 W xt Neve Maria Bay aot, * Ne Black Point Santa Rosalia Bay Cedros Island (, Lagoon Head | * 40* 4 /\) | oF Legend Series iente c * - Light station. He Lagoon + - Midwater trawl ane. By Thurloe station. a \. Bay Sardines, 1962 @~- year-class. © - Sardines, adult. - Anchovies. ao San Cristobal x Bay oO - Jack mackerel. 4 - Pacific mackerel. San Hipolito Bay | | ox” Balenas Bay M/V Alaska Cruise 62-A-5-Pelagic Fish, explorations in coastal waters of central Baja California, Mexico, Night Light Stations: A total of 48 night light stations were occupied, Sardines were present at 9 stations, anchovies at 7, Pacific mackerel at 18 and jack mackerel at 8, Sardines were scarce south of Point San Eugenia and around Cedros Island. Two of December 1962 the 4 samples taken in those areas consisted of single fish-of-the-year found in catches of other species. Another sample from Rompiente Bay, was taken froma large school of 1961 year-class sardines mixed with top- smelt and Pacific mackerel, The fourthsam- ple consisted of a few older fish taken witha sample of Pacific mackerel from South Bay, Cedros Island. Sardines were more abundant in the south- ern part of Sebastian Vizcaino Bay. Large numbers of sardines were attracted on 4out of 5 stations in that area, They were adult fish, ranging from 165 to 206 millimeters in standard length. Most of the fish were in an advanced state of maturity, with one ripe female noted in the samples taken, Adult sardines were also caught in Playa Maria Bay. They ranged from 176 to 204 millimeters standard length, and were not in as an advanced stage of maturity as those from the southern part of Sebastian Vizcaino Bay. A total of about 900 sardines from southern Sebastian Vizcaino Bay, and 400 from Playa Maria Bay were delivered alive to the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Bio- logical Laboratory at La Jolla for further study. Midwater Trawl Stations: Thirteen tows were made with the midwater trawl, allei- ther at the surface or within 50 feet of the surface. The first 10 tows were made dur- ing the day, the last three were made at night. All tows were made in areas where night light stations were also occupied, Daytime tows were disappointing as com- pared with night light stations. The first tow in San Hipolito Bay caught nothing. The next three tows were made in Ballenas Bay, where night light stations showed thread her- ring to be abundant. Two of those tows a- gain were blank, but the third caught 15 sierra ranging in size from 18 to 28 inches, and one 14-inch bonito. The next tows were made along the east side of Cedros Island. The first of 3 tows yielded 416 bonito weighing from 1 to 2 pounds each, the second tow was a blank, and the third yielded 5 larger bonito, weighing 33 to 4 pounds each. Three daylight tows were made in the southern part of Sebastian Vizcaino Bay, where sardines were known to be abundant COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 23 from night-light work, No fish were caught in those tows. The last three tows were made at night, between Playa Maria and Blanca Bays. Sar- dines had been caught in Playa Maria Bay on a light station the previous night. A trawl tow in that area yielded 450 sardines and 30 squid mixed with a few bat rays, Pacific mackerel, and round herring. The second tow, off False Bay, yielded pompano anda few anchovies, while the last tow, in Blanca Bay, caught 60 sardines and about 500 squid. The sardines caught in those tows were adult fish, and the samples appeared similar in all respects to the night-light sample from Playa Maria Bay. No schools had been sighted vis- ually or with the depth finder during those tows. It was evident that daylight tows did not produce samples comparable to night-light samples. This may have occurred because the same fish were not available in the same areas during the day, or because the fish were able to see and avoid the net during daylight. But the few night tows that were made indicated good comparability. Whether or not night tows will be comparable under a variety of conditions remains to be tested. Only 9 schools were sighted during 300 miles of night scouting between stations. Although scouting conditions were often poor, with poor phosphorescence and choppy seas, schools were not evident even when scouting conditions were good. The weather was fair during most of the cruise, although a tropical storm south of Point Eugenia in the early part ofthe cruise, and strong westerly winds on the last work- ing day caused a loss of two nights! work, Sea surface temperatures ranged from 64,2° F. off Black Point to 74.8° F. off Ab- reojos Point. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, November 1962p. 18. Airplane Spotting Flight 62-9-Pelagic Fish (September 4-6, 1962): To assist in evaluating a midwater trawl as a tool for sampling the pelagic environment by locating fish schools and guiding its research ves- sel Alaska over them was the objective of this aerial survey by the Twin Beechcraft N5614D of the California Department of Fish and Game. On this flight, the aircraft sur- veyed the inshore area from Long Beach to 24 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW San Diego, and the offshore islands and banks of southern California and northern Baja Cal- ifornia, Mexico. Low clouds and poor visibility limited scouting to the afternoon on each day of the flight when conditions varied from poor to fair. The coastal area from Long Beach Har- bor to the United States-Mexican Border was scouted on the first day but no fish were sighted. There was extensive red water in Long Beach Harbor, and off Newport Beach the organisms responsible for the red water had converged in drifts at oblique angles to the shore. Small patches of red water were sighted off Laguna Beach, Doheny State Park, San Mateo Point and Point Loma. On the second day of the flight, the area surveyed was from San Diego to the Coron- ados Islands, then to Sixtymile Bank, Cortes Bank, San Clemente and Santa Catalina Is- lands. A cloud deck between 500 and 1,000 feet above the ocean covered most of the general area. Because of that, flying was at a lower altitude than the normal 1,500 feet. An unidentified whale and 16 albacore boats were sighted off Sixtymile Bank, Scouting conditions around San Clemente and Santa Catalina Islands were only fair because of some scattered clouds. The research vessel Alaska was notified of the three Pacific mackerel and two un- identified fish schools sighted off the south- east end of San Clemente Island. A small purse seiner was making a set in that area, and later delivered 10 tons of Pacific mack- erel to the cannery. The Alaska made a midwater haul in the general area about 7 hours later and netted 16 jack mackerel, as well as an assortment of small, non-com- mercial fish species and invertebrates. A total of 7 deep schools believed to be jack mackerel, were sighted off the south- east end of San Clemente Island on the last day of the flight. They were round, yellow- ish-brown schools that did not flash. The research vessel was directed over one of the schools and as she went over it, divided it into two separate schools. ‘The depth- finder aboard did not detect any traces of the school, The midwater trawl had not been set. The second school successfully evaded the vessel and the net. The midwater trawl limited the maneuverability of the vessel, Vol. 24, No. 12 which together with the speed of the fish school, prevented catching any fish. Bad EAI DENS) GS! 3 Airplane Spotting Flight 62-10-Pelagic Fish (September 10-12, 1962): Todetermine the distribution and abundance of pelagic schools, the inshore area from the United States-Mexican Border to Point Conception was surveyed from the air by the California Department of Fishand Game's Cessna ''182" 9042T, Ero The first day's survey covered the area from Redondo Beach to the United States - Mexican Border, A total of 21 anchovy-schools were observed off Point Loma. The anchovy concentration between Point Loma and the border, present the six months previous to September 1962, was not seen onthis flight. On September 12, the last day of the flight, the area from Redondo Beach to Point Con- ception was surveyed. Thirteen anchovy schools were sighted south of Goleta Point and 17 off Pitas Point. Both of those school groups were only 200 to 300 feet offshore. That number of schools was small compared to the hundreds usually found in the area, During the month of August, the anchovy schools observed from Goleta to Ventura were also 200 to 300 feet offshore, instead of 1 to 3 miles offshore as they had been during the previous six months, An influx of bonito may have caused the change in lo- cation of the anchovy school groups, Small patches of red tide were present in many places along the coast. It was im- possible to survey the area north of Point Conception on this flight because of cloudy weather, Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, November 1962 p. 20. Meade! ike tsiean ole Airplane Spotting Flight 62-11-Pelagic Fish (October 16-17, 1962): To determine the distribution and abundance of pelagic schools, the inshore area from the United States-Mexican Border to Santa Cruz was surveyed from the air by the California De- partment of Fish and Game's Cessna PLS 2a 9042T. The coastal waters from Los Angeles International Airport to Santa Cruz were sur- veyed on the first day's flight. A total of 13 anchovy schools were counted south of Cape San Martin, Between the Salinas River and Monterey, 46 anchovy schools were counted. December 1962 On October 17, the coast from the United States-Mexican Border to the Los Angeles International Airport was surveyed. Three small schools, probably anchovies, were ob- served off the ''Barn,'' a familiar local land- mark between Dana Point and Oceanside. Red tide was prevalent along the coast from Santa Barbara to Oceanside, and also the in- shore waters of Monterey Bay. The color of the red tide had faded since the aerial survey conducted in August 1962. The brightestred tide in southern California was in the areas between Gorda Point and Point Hueneme, and from Long Beach to Newport. Both those areas are flat, shallow, and sandy. Red tide was negligible off rocky shores such as Palos Verdes and much of central California. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, November 1962p. 20. ABALONE GROWTH STUDIES CONDUCTED FOR COMMERCIAL AND SPORT FISHERY: M/V "N. B. Scofield” and M/V"'Mollusk" First Cruise 62-5-5 and 62-M-1-Abalone (August 15-27, 1962); Second Cruise 62-S-6 and 62-M-2-Abalone (September 5-17, 1962): The objectives of these cruises were to: (1) examine areas of commercial and sportab- alone fishing, (2) examine established sta- tions, (3) collect samples for maturity and growth studies, and (4) tag a limited number of abalones for transplanting experiments. The mainland coastal areas of Avila andSan Simeon, and the Channel Islands of Santa Catalina, San Clemente, Santa Barbara, San Nicolas, Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa, and Ana- capa, were explored by the California De- partment of Fish and Game research ves- sels N, B. Scofield and Mollusk during Au- gust and September 1962, Results of the First Cruise by area were: Avila: No abalones were found on any of the dives. There was no explanation for this since the bottom and general environment appeared suitable for them. San Simeon: The abalones sampled here had well-developed gonads and appeared to be approaching spawning. Sizes ranged from 153 to 216 millimeters but most were be- tween 190 and 198 millimeters. All but two showed evidence of the previous season's growth, Several had added over 2.5 centi- meters of shell. This season's growth ap- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 25 Legend: Q - Diving site. (Hard-hat gear) Pt. Conception Fig. 1 - Shows diving stations during Cruises 62-S-5 and 62-M-1 by research vessel N. B. Scofield and Mollusk. peared to be just starting; most of the sampled abalones had added 1 to 2 millimeters of shell. Because of rough weather, plans for diving along the mainland coast were changed and operations were shifted to San Miguel and Santa Cruz Islands. San Miguel Island: At Station ISM, con- siderable bottom changes had taken place since the previous year. Sand had moved in over large areas, almost completely cover- ing the rocks; most of the kelp was growing through the sand but no abalones were pres - ent. At the east end of the station, rocks were almost bare and covered with sea ur- chins. In the middle area, the kelp growth was so thick it was difficult to get through, but no abalones were found. Abalones were finally located at the extreme west end of the area. Many young were found on the undersides of rocks. Forty abalones, 144 to 26 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 220 millimeters across, were collected for Marineland, Many of those showed evidence of the previous season's growth, and only 1 or 2 of them had started this season's growth. Santa Cruz Island: Dives were made at Scorpion Cove, a representative abalone area. Almost all red and pink abalones col- lected showed considerable growth for the previous season, The ratio of 42 red to 17 pink abalones compared favorably with the trend first observed a year earlier (that the red abalones are increasing in numbers on the north shore of Santa Cruz Island). Sizes in the sample of red abalones collected ranged from 148 to 201 millimeters but most were between 175 and 190 millimeters. Santa Catalina Island: At Harbor Reef (Station IC), the kelp had continued to re- turn and was about as concentrated as it was in 1957, before the influx of warm wa- Santa Barbara Anacapa Vol. 24, No. 12 ter. Many young pink abalones, all of which were in good condition, were observed feed- ing. Most showed new shell growth but not an exceptional amount, Results of the Second Cruise by area were: Santa Rosa Island: An effort was made to inspect black abalones tagged in 1961 atSta- tion ISR, but rough weather prevented sam- pling them. Anacapa Island: Diving was delayed be- cause both divers working on this project had mild respiratory infections. First dives were made on the north side where bottom conditions appeared good, but abalones were scarce, Skin and SCUBA divers frequent this area and as a result it is heavily fished, which may account for the scarcity of abalones. At Anacapa Station IA, on the south side, few Legend: A - Station site. ¢) - Diving site (SCUBA) 4 - Hard hat. ® - Scorpion cove. “ZO” Santa ech (J Long Beach Om NS Ise fe San Clemente yy 2s¢ on ASD ISCs a Ait Awo Fig. 2 - Shows stations and diving sites during Cruises 62-S-6 and 62-M-2 by research vessels N. B. Scofield and Mollusk, December 1962 abalones were observed. Kelp continues to return, but bottom conditions unfavorable to abalones (increases in sand and sea urchins) appeared to be spreading. Santa Barbara Island: At Station ISB, kelp was not as dense as a year earlier, Many abalones were close to shore and on the undersides of rocks, and there was no evidence of unusual growth. Spot dives on the north side of the main island in the thick growth of Postelsia palmaeformis revealed only an occasional abalone, but on the edge of kelp beds, great concentrations of sea ur- chins were observed, San Nicolas Island: A sample of 40 red and I1 pink abalones was taken from Station ISN. Reds ranged from 65 to 230 millimeters across, with 25 of them between 200 and 230 millimeters, Considerable growth of the previous year was evident on almost all shells, and only a small amount for the cur- rent season. Pink abalones showed recent growth of from 2 to 4 millimeters, Both the red and pink species had well developed gonads, approaching spawning condition, The great- est abalone concentrations were found in 50- to 60-foot depths. San Clemente Island: Abalones appeared to be less numerous at Station ISC than the year earlier, The previous season's growth ranged between 3 to 5 millimeters, and lit- tle or no growth for this season was ob- served for pinks. Growth on green abalones was highly irregular, ranging from 0 to 2 inches, At Pyramid Cove (Station 2SC), pink and green abalones were found in large concen- trations. In some areas they were stacked 2 and 3 deep. Abalones were not present in such numbers the previous year in this area. Several of the greens were inspawn- ing condition but the pinks were not. At China Cove (Station 3SC), commercial divers were working, but dives in connec- tion with this project were made in the immediate area, Legal-size pinkabalones were scarce, The commercial divers had been working for several hours and had only a few dozen abalones. This area has been heavily worked by commercial divers during the past year. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 27 Santa Catalina Island: Abalones at Station 2C were more numerous than the previous year and there was a noticeable increase in small (1- to 3- inch) individuals. A pink abalone tagged in October 1958, which had grown 18 millimeters by Septem - ber 1962, was recovered from this station. All 145 abalones taken at San Nicolas, San Clemente, and Anacapa were measured, tagged, and placed in Station 2C. At Station 3C (Avalon Harbor), about 30 pink abalones tagged in 1957 with plastic disks were found, The disks had completely deteriorated and only the wire remained, At StationIC, empty shells of two redaba- lones transplanted in 1956 were recovered. Both were recovered in 100 feet of water and neither one had grownafter tagging. Atadepth of 115 feet, three young white abalones (H. so- renseni), ;, 13, and 4 inches across, were re- covered from the undersurface ofa rock. Kelp had returned on the reef and was about as thickas in1956. Many young pinks were ob- servedandall appeared to be in good condition. Summary of Observations: In general, the environment of all areas showeda progressive improvement in food supply for the present abalone population, This was reflected in an increase in the numbers of growing young abalones in most areas, Where commercial fishing pressure had been heaviest, legal- size abalones were scarce. Where skin-div- ing pressure had been heavy (Anacapa), ab- — alones of all sizes were scarce. Most of the abalones showed considerable growth for the previous season, This season's growth was just beginning. Gonad examinations indicated that spawn- ing had not yet occurred, although most were approaching ripeness, The over-all condi- tion of the abalone resource is encouraging from a biological standpoint. If present con- ditions prevail, it should remain so for the balance of the season, Cans--Shipments for Fishery Products JANUARY-AUGUST 1962: The amount of steel and aluminum con- sumed to make cans Shipped to fish and shellfish canning plants during January-Au- 28 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW gust 1962 was 7.5 percent above that used during the same period in 1961. Prior to 1962, the figures covered only tinplate cans, but be- ginning with January 1962 aluminum cans are includ- ed. It is believed that only a small amount of alumi- num is being used in cans for fishery products at present. A total of 2,247,559 base boxes of steel (tinplate) and aluminum were used in the manufacture of cans shipped to fishery plants during the first eight months of 1962, where- as in the same period of 1961 (whenonly tin- plate was reported) 2,056,663 base boxes of steel were consumed. The increase was mainly due to larger packs of Maine sardines, shrimp, salmon, mackerel, and tuna during 1962, 1 OK ook ok ook BY AREAS, JANUARY -JUNE 1962 AND 1961: A total of 1,510,280 base boxes of steel and aluminum were used in the manufacture of cans shipped to fishery firms during the first half of 1962, Of the total, 73.9 percent was usedin cans for shipments to the Pacific Area or West (includ- ing Alaska and Hawaii). The bulk of the fish-canning facilities are located in the Pa- cific Area. The Pacific Area was followed Vol. 24, No. 12 Southern Area and the Central Area com- bined used only 3.1 percent. The over-all total in the first half of 1962 was up 4.0 percent from that for the same period of 1961, An increase of 6.9 percent in the amount of metal used in cans for ship- ment to the Pacific Area was partly offset by a drop of 3.5 percent in the total amount used for the Eastern, Southern, and North Central Areas. The increase in the Pacific Area was due toa greater pack of tuna. The average wholesale price index for tinplate cans during January-May 1962 showed an increase of 2.7 percent over theaverage in 1961 and an increase of 5 percent over the average in 1957-59. The average wholesale price index for tinplate cans in January-May 1962 was 80.4 percent above the average in 1947, Notes: (1) Statistics cover all commercial and captive plants known to be producing cans, The data for 1961 cover only ship- ments of steel (tinplate) cans, but the data for 1962 covership- ments of steel and aluminum cans. It is believed that only a small amount of aluminum is being used in cans for fishery prod- ucts at present. A "base box" is an area 31, 360 square inches, equivalent to 112 sheets 14" x 20" size. The tonnage equiva- lent figure for 1961 data is derived by use of the factor 23.0 base boxes per short ton of steel, The tonnage equivalent figure for 1962 data is derived by use of the factor 21.8 base boxes per short ton of steel. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1962 p. 17. Fit - Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations TUNA STUDIES IN SOUTH PACIFIC CONTINUED: M/V "Charles H. Gilbert" Cruise 59 (Ju- ly 23-August 15, 1962): One of the objec- by the Eastern Area with 23.0 percent. The tives of the cruise was to conduct long-line U. S. Domestic Shipments of Metal Cans for Fishery Products, First and Second Quarters, 1961 and 1962 (Base Boxes of Metal Consumed in the Manufacture of Cans for Fishery Products) Receiving Area i Hush Seu ger Masta een tne SOUbMeieM ie Seat Second Quarter 348,087 46,071 ee © © © © 6 e 6 © © © oe Botaliall areas... |1/Includes Puerto Rico. Southern, and North Central areas are shown. |3/Includes Alaska and Hawaii. 2/The grouping of States by geographic areas for reporting purposes was changed in 1962 so only total shipments in 1961 to the East, December 1962 fishing for tuna and other_climax predators so as to provide specimens for studies by the University of Washington. The Line Is- lands and waters southwest of Christmas Is- land were the areas where the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research vessel Charles H. Gilbert operated during this cruise. The vessel, which departed Hono- lulu, Hawaii, on July 23, 1962, made bathy- thermograph casts, collected surface salin- ity samples, dropped drift cards, and made plankton tows on the initial leg of the cruise to Christmas Island, where she arrived on July 29, The vessel departed Christmas Is- land on that same day and conducted long- line fishing, plankton tows, Nansen bottle casts, and serological collecting in waters — a Legend: | o - Long-line station. A s - Plankton tow. o - Water sample. i | * - Live-bait fishing. Loe / 4 j | | pavanvra 1S. « a EP BS WASHINGTON 5. “*<« IGTON IS. SY FANNING 1S. AN eal A xz a __——96—_ CHRISTMAS IS Se Sere a eee a o° or Ye a 170° 165° \60° 155° i i att = Track Chart of Charles H. Gilbert Cruise 59 (July 23-August 15, 1962). southwest of Christmas Island, returning there on August 6. During August 8-10, live -bait fishing was conducted along the Line Islands. Following departure from Palmyra Island on August 11 (the day after arrival there) bathythermograph casts were made, surface salinity samples collected, plankton tows were made, and drift cards COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 29 dropped, on the return trip to Honolulu, where the vessel arrived on August 15, Five long-line stations were occupied at various locations, Sixty baskets of 6-hook, 210-fathom main-line gear with 16-fathom droppers were fished at each station. The catch rate of tuna (number per 100 hooks) ranged from 0.6 at Station 11 to 4.2 atSta- tion 27, A total of 23 yellowfin, 9 big-eyed, 4 shipjack, 1 albacore tuna, 4 marlin, 1 sailfish, 1 wahoo, and 5 sharks were caught at the 5 long-line stations. Tissues were taken from long line-caught fish and frozen for further study by the Uni- versity of Washington. Those tissues were: samples of eyes: 7 yellowfin; samples of livers and muscle: 23 yellowfin, 9 big-eyed, 4 skipjack, 1 albacore, 4 sharks, 4 marlins, 1 sailfish, 1 wahoo. In addition, samples of eyes, muscle, liver, and vertebrae were col- lected from 3 yellowfin taken by live-bait fishing near Palmyra Island, and 1 yellow- fin caught trolling near Fanning Island. Another objective was to collect plankton using 1-meter open nets as follows: 1, Hight 30-minute surface plankton tows and 30-minute tows at a depth of ap- proximately 50 meters (164 feet) were made using 1-meter open nets in the waters southwest of Christmas Island. Displacement volumes ranged from 73 to 255 ml, after large organ- isms were removed, 2. On runs between Honolulu and the Line Islands, a 30-minute surface plankton tow was made each evening at 9 p.m. with a l-meter open net. Those sam- ples were to be turned over to the University of Washington after pon- tellid copepods were removed, The third objective was to collect water samples to a depth of 300 meters (984 feet) using Nansen bottle casts. Five Nansenbot- tle casts (without reversing thermometers) were made at each long-line position to ob- tain water samples above and below the thermocline. Four Nansen bottles were po- sitioned above the thermocline and 4 bottles below the thermocline. Samples from each group of 4 bottles were pooled together. In addition, a 5-gallon surface water sample was obtained at each cast and at several other locations. 30 Collecting blood samples from tuna and marlins for serological studies was the fourth objective, as follows: 1. From up to 300 skipjack caught by live-bait fishing methods, blood was collected from 1. In addition, blood samples were obtained from 30 yel- lowfin obtained by live-bait fishing outside Palmyra Island, and from 1 yellowfin caught by trolling. 2. From all tuna and marlins caught by long-line fishing, blood samples were collected from the following long line-caught fish: 23 yellowfin, 9big- eyed, 4 skipjack, 1 albacore, 1 wahoo, 4 marlin, and 1 sailfish. 3. Total blood samples collected: 54 yellowfin, 9 big-eyed, 5 skipjack, 1 albacore, 4 marlin, 1 sailfish, 1 wa- hoo. Other details of the cruise were: 1, Bathythermograph casts and collec- tions of surface salinity samples were made every 30 miles on runs between Honolulu and Christmas Is- land, between Palmyra Island and Honolulu, and also at long-line fish- ing locations, 2, Stomach contents of 25 long-line caught tuna and marlins were presented for studies at the U. S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries Biological Labo- ratory, Honolulu. Skeletons of 3big- eyed tuna were retained for studies at the Bureau's Honolulu Laboratory. 3. The thermograph was operated con- tinuously throughout the cruise. 4, Hight skipjack, 8 yellowfin, and 37 un- identified fish schools were sighted during the cruise. 5. One skipjack, 1 yellowfin, and 1 rain- bow runner (Elagatis bipinnulatus) were caught by surface trolling. 6. Drops of drift cards (20 cards per drop) were made every hour for the first 6 hours after departure, and thereafter every 3 hours until 15° N, On the return trip, one group of drift COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 12 cards were dropped every hour commencing 4 hours from Honolulu. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1962p. 16. 2K Gk OK FISH BEHAVIOR NEAR FLOATING OBJECTS STUDIED: M/V "Charles H. Gilbert™ Cruise 60 - Koalana I (September 26-October 12, 1962): Observations during this cruise on the ecol- ogy and behavior of animal life in the vicinity of a floating object at sea were made jointly by the research vessel Charles H. Gilbert and the raft Nenue, both operated by theU.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory at Honolulu. The area covered was in waters ranging up to 10 miles off the Kona coast of Hawaii between latitudes 19° and 20° N. This first raft expedition, defined as Ko- alana I, was an experimental joint research project utilizing the raft so as to study the makeup and behavior of mixed fish commun- ities which form under drift logs and other flotsam in the ocean. In addition to other related environmental observations the Gil- bert which left her base at Kewalo Basin, The underwater caisson being lowered on to the Nenue I from the mothership, Charles H. Gilbert. December 1962 Honolulu, on September 26 with the Nenue aboard acted as support vessel to the raft which drifted within 11 miles off the Kona coast during the cruise period. A total of 106 man-hours of direct obser- vation was made from the underwater ports of the raft, and 10 man-hours of direct ob- servation from the underwater ports in the bow chamber of the Charles H. Gilbert while the vessel took samples and scouted for fish around the raft at distances of 1 and 2 miles. The most common members of the fish community which formed under the raft were the nomeid (Psenes cyanophrys), the bali- stid (Canthidermis maculatus), and mahimahi (Coryphaena hippurus). Although the raft never drifted for more than 50 hours with- out having to be moved because of either drifting to shore or dangerously close to rough water, as many as 60 nomeids, 33 bal- istids, and 33 mahimahi were at times pres- ent. In addition, the following fishes were seen from the raft chamber: maomao (Abudefduf abdominalis), wahoo (Acanthocy- bium solandri), skipjack tuna (Euthynnus pelamis), opelu (Decapterus pinnulatus), pilotfish (Naucrates ductor), Kahala opio (Seriola aureovittata), a rare omaka (Caranx kalla), kaku (Sphyraena barracuda), whitetip shark (Carcharhinus longimanus), mobulids, istrophorids, mullids, and many unidentified fish. Porpoises were also observed during this period. Behavior observations were made on as many of those species as possible. The permanence of a species! association to the raft was noted, and rates of accumulation for each species were recorded. Stomach samples and fish specimens were preserved whenever possible. A total of 1,600 feet of 16 millimeter film and 88 still pictures were taken from the raft's viewing ports, and of the general operation. Depth casts and weather observations were made every 6 hours after the raft was in the water. A total of 44 fish schools were seen from the Charles H. Gilbert, and only one- half of those schools were accompanied by birds. Location and movement of fish schools relative to the raft's position were measured whenever possible. Plankton was collected during the cruise for use in rearing tuna larvae. A total of 23 surface plankton hauls were made with the 1-meter net at 2 a.m. and 2 p.m. Very few COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 31 fish eggs were taken in night hauls. Although more fish eggs were taken in day hauls, the bulk of the catch consisted of crustacean eggs. Larvae were hatched from eggs of several fish species, but only a few of them were reared past the yolk sac stage. No tuna eggs were identified on this cruise. A total of 9 night-light fishing stations were also worked in order to catch young tuna for rearing in a shipboard aquarium. Only one tuna-like fish (Auxis sp.) was taken, and it died a few days later when the water cir- culating pump had to be turned off. A total of 289 drift cards was released. These were released 10 at a time at each bathythermograph cast. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, November 1962p. 22. Ne gle ste ste SSK! 38) 3K FISH BEHAVIOR STUDIED ON FIRST RAFT EXPEDITION: A unique and quite unusual type of re- search craft, the raft Nenue, was brought back to Honolulu on October 12, 1962, after two weeks of scientifically productive drift- ing off the Kona coast of Hawaii. The ex- pedition, designated Koalana I, was the first attempt in Hawaiian waters to make direct observations of the communities of fish and other marine animals which congregate under objects floating in the ocean. Four scientists of the Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory at Honolulu who were on the Nenue while she was drifting, were enthusiastic about the opportunities which the raft afforded for sustained study of the behavior and inter- actions of a variety of fish species. But they admitted that over 100 hours in the cramped observation capsule under the raft, concentrating on the circling fish while the 12-by-12 foot Nenue bobbed on the swells, had been a severe test of their stomachs' devotion to science. The Laboratory's research vessel Charles H. Gilbert launched the Nenue about 10 miles off Kealakekua Bay on September 27 and stood by within sight and walkie-talkie range of the raft at all times. The Nenue drifted north along the Kona coast unexpectedly fast, sometimes at 4 miles an hours. This resulted in the Charles H. Gilbert having to pick the raft up four times to keep it from drifting ashore or out into rough channel waters. A fish behavior specialist on the 32 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW expedition reported that each time the Nenue was placed in the sea, small fish began to be attracted to it within 5 or 10 minutes. The first fish arrivals were generally rudderfish, . ~ ~ SS See The Nenue I adrift off the Kona Coast of the Island of Hawaii. similar to the species nenue for which the raft was named. At times there were as many as 60 of that species under and around the raft. Small triggerfish (closely related to the familiar humuhumunukunukuapuaa) were also numerous and regular members of the fish groups following the raft. Mahimahi (dolphin) were often about the raft, sometimes as many as 30 at a time. Those colorful, fast-swimming fish would come in under the Nenue and rub their sides against its oil-drum floats, then range out to the far periphery of the drifting fish com- munity where, the scientists guessed they may have been picking off stragglers or in- tercepting new recruits attracted by the raft. The mahimahi mingled harmoniously with the triggerfish, but they voraciously harried a stray jack, similar to the akule, keeping it holed up under the raft for sev- eral hours, The jack finally escaped by joining the pilotfish escort of a passing whitetip shark. Vol. 24, No. 12 From the windows of their observation capsule in the raft, the biologists also saw porpoise, marlin, manta rays, barracuda, opelu, wahoo (ono), and skipjack tuna (aku). With the exception of the wahoo, those fish gave no indication that their behavior was affected by the presence of the raft and re- mained in its vicinity only briefly. When the Nenue was moored to the anchored Charles H. Gilbert, with a strong current running by, it failed to attract even the rudderfish and triggerfish which were its almost constant companions when it was drifting free. Preliminary consideration of the results of the expedition Koalana I points to several areas of possible scientific and commercial fisheries application. The raft Nenue's ob- servers were aware of the regular use of rafts in the dolphin fishery of Japan, but they were unprepared for the rapidity with which considerable numbers of mahimahi gathered around their raft, particularly since it has commonly been thought that drift logs and other flotsam do not affectively attract large fish until they have been drifting long enough to accumulate a growth of seaweeds and a population of small invertebrate animals. The unexpectedly wide variety of fish species and large numbers of individuals seen from the Nenue offer some promise that floating observation posts could provide an additional and useful technique for estimating the abun- dance and composition of the fish resources of an area, There were some indications on expedition Koalana I of rather definite changes in the make-up of the raft's follow- ing as it drifted into different locations at varying distances from shore. If further observations show those changes to be reg- ular ones, they should give new insights in- to the relations between some commercially- important fish and their environment. Many of the observations made by the scientific raftsmen were recorded in still and moving pictures, and numerous speci- mens were collected for identification, and for examination of their stomach contents. Detailed analysis of the data collected, and of similar observations made from the under- water viewing chambers of the accompany- ing vessel Charles H. Gilbert at various distances from the raft will furnish a basis for more sharply focused experimental work on future voyages to be made by an improved raft. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, November 1962p. 22. siacre UCD aa ik eae -- December 1962 Fish Protein Concentrate NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES SPURS INTERIOR DEPARTMENT RESEARCH: Conclusions by a National Academy of Sciences panel that ‘‘a wholesome, safe and nutritious product can be made from whole fish’’ has given the U. S, Department of the In- terior a ‘‘green light for accelerated research into manufac- ture of fish protein concentrate (FPC), a new source of food for the world’s hungry,’’ Secretary of the Interior Stewart L. Udall reported on November 8, 1962. Fish protein concentrate is made by reducing fish toa fine white powder or a liquid by chemical, enzymatic, or other means, The resulting product can be added to any foods, By utilizing the unharvested catch of fish in United States waters alone, a sufficient quantity of animal protein could be produced to supplement deficient diets of one bil- lion people for 300 days at a cost of less than one-half cent per person per day, Secretary Udall reported, Most of those fish today are not commercially marketed. On the request of Secretary Udall, the National Academy of Sciences appointed a seven-man panel to study the safety, wholesomeness, and nutritional features of fish protein con- centrate as well as other questions related to its potential. The report, sent to Secretary Udall by Dr. Frederick Seitz, Academy president, stated in part: ‘“*The committee concluded that a wholesome, safe, and nutritious product can be made from whole fish. The com- mittee accepted the definition of a ‘wholesome product’ to be a product which is healthful and promotes physical well-be- ing. It stressed the necessity of maintaining high standards in the preparation of the concentrate.’’ While stating that there is no immediate nutritional need for such a product in the United States, the committee held that it would be of ‘‘great value in meeting food problems presented in times of emergency or by expanding world population,’’ Commending the Academy for its carefully considered opinions on a matter of highest importance to meeting the nutritional problems of the world, Secretary Udall said: ‘‘The United States, through research conducted by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, has assumed leadership in providing this lifeline of the future to the world’s under- nourished, It is estimated that in the United States coastal waters alone, fishermen could harvest for fish protein con- centrate purposes over 7 billion pounds of fish annually with- out disturbing the brood stock necessary to assure contin- ued harvests. Many of these fish today have little or no commercial value,’’ The ‘‘desperate need’’ for a low-cost source of animal protein is evidenced, Secretary Udall said, in the fact that studies show ‘‘approximately two billion of the world’s pop- ulation now suffer from protein lack,’’ ‘“‘FPC, which keeps indefinitely and is easily transport- able to the most remote areas, can meet this need and at the same time provide limitless economic benefits to the commercial fishing industry,’’ he added, Secretary Udall said that he would give ‘‘the highest priority’’ to a program of accelerated research on FPC. Legislation providing about $500,000 for such a program was lost when the supplemental appropriations bill was not enacted: The National Academy of Sciences panel conducting the survey included: W.H. Sebrell, Jr., M.D., Institute of Nu- trition Sciences, Columbia University; James B, Allison, Ph.D., Bureau of Biological Research, Rutgers University; Grace A, Goldsmith, M.D., School of Medicine, Tulane Uni- versity; Harold Humphrey, B.S., Consultant in Food Tech- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 33 nology, UNICEF; H. S. Olcott, Ph.D., Institute-of Marine Resources, University of Calif., Berkeley; M. B. Schaefer, Ph.D., Institute of Marine Resources, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, La Jolla; R. E. Shank, M.D., School of Medi- cine, Washington University, The report concluded: ‘‘Until a suitable and acceptable fish protein concentrate product can be made available commercially, the committee is of the opinion that there should be no consideration of a definition and standard of identity under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and that the postponement of public hearings in the matter should be continued indefinitely. Unduly restrictive regulations and judgments as to the wholesomeness, safety, and nutritive value should not be made during the period of research on and development of new and possibly valuable food products, such as fish protein concentrates. Such actions constitute a serious handicap tending to discourage research and de- velopment initiative. ‘‘The committee recommends that government agencies as well as private industries be encouraged to pursue basic and developmental research with the assurance that new wholesome, safe, and nutritious food products resulting therefrom will be made available to consumers without prejudice: ““The United States is blessed with an abundance of food and, through research, has attained preeminence in food production and technology. In order to maintain leadership, broadly based and continuing research, with the freedom es- sential thereto, is an absolute necessity, Although there may be no demonstrable nutritional or economic need at the present time by the people of the United States for a fish protein concentrate, the committee reemphasizes its opin- ion that the public should not be denied the availability of safe and nutritious new products, and American industry should not be deterred from the research necessary to mak- ing such products available. The production of good foods economically should be encouraged by all means, and es- pecially the development of procedures for the most com- plete and effective use of protein resources should be com- mended,’’ Fur Seals FIVE FIRMS SEEK UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT SEALSKIN PROCESSING CONTRACT: Five firms, one of them in London, Eng- land, met the November 1, 1962, deadline for submitting proposals for processing and selling Alaska sealskins for the United States Government, the U. S. Department of the In- terior announced on November 5. The Department stated that no contract will be awarded until the various proposals have been carefully evaluated and that it will be some time in 1963 before negotiation of anew contract can proceed. There are two phases to the evaluation: The first phase re- lates to the quality of work which the pros- pective contractor can produce and the second requires proof of his ability to fulfill the re- quirements of a contract. The U.S. Bureau of Standards will make physical and chemical tests of the sealskins submitted with the pro- 34 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW posals. A panel of consultants will alsomake separate, subjective evaluations, The invi- tation for proposals to handle the sealskins for the Government follows last winter's announcement that the Department of the In- terior was cancelling its contract with the Fouke Fur Company of St. Louis on Decem- ber 31, 1962. The Fouke Fur Company has processed the skins for many years. As a basis for a new contract, the Fish and Wildlife Service's Bureau of Commer - cial Fisheries--the agency charged with managing the Alaska fur seal resource-- issued on June 20, 1962, a prospectus for processing and selling these skins. The prospectus listed four steps in the specifi- cations--preliminary processing of the seal- skins on the Pribilof Islands, processing the skins from the cured stage to the finished luxury skin, developing the market, and selling the finished skins at public auction. This prospectus was distributed to all inter- ested firms and individuals. Raw skins were supplied to 11 firms and individuals for use in developing an adequate process. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1962 p. 92. e 2 ae : noses eee, a & IC a bs Ee <— es a Great Lakes Fisheries Exploration and Gear Research TRAWL FISHING INVESTIGATION IN LAKE ERIE: M/V Kaho’ Cruise 4 (September 23-Oc- tober 10, 1962): To obtain additional sea- sonal information concerning the depth and geographic distribution of various fish stocks and their availability to commercial-type bottom trawls were the primary objectives of trawl fishing operations in Lake Erie dur- ing this 4-week cruise by the exploratory fishing vessel Kaho of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. A total of 62 drags was made during this cruise--18, 37, and 7 in the eastern, central, and western basins of Lake Erie. Alldrags lasted 30 minutes except 2 which snaggedon bottom obstructions and 2 that were termin- ated when sets of trap nets or gill nets were encountered, The two hang-ups caused con- siderable gear damage. Standard 50-foot (headrope) Gulf of Mexico-type semiballoon trawls equipped with Western-style foot- rope were used, Vol. 24, No, 12 T T T T T 83° . 82° @ 81° 80° 79° Fas? ONTARIO CANADA @ Barcelona Fel Al !” NEW YORK PEre * MICHIGAN’ + ¥ a ap L 4x0 : / \ v‘e ' Seanite Miles Lake Erie explorations by M/V Kaho on Cruise 4 (September 23- October 10, 1962.) Smelt catches of commercial significance were made only in the eastern basin of Lake Erie at depths greater than 75 feet. Three drags off Dunkirk, N. Y., yielded 200, 380, and 490 pounds each; five drags off Barcel- ona, N. Y., accounted for 150, 300, 450, 480, and 600 pounds each; and off Erie, Pa., three drags yielded 120, 150, and 1,125 pounds each. Incidental catches during the cruise con- sisted of 4 catches (115 to 363 pounds) of large yellow perch from 5 fathoms of water in the western basin, 5 catches (95 to 225 pounds) of carp in the central and western basins, and two night catches of (92 pounds each) sheepshead in the central basin, Al- though fair showings of alewife and gizzard shad were noted in the central and western basins, concentrations available to the bottom trawl were not considered heavy enough to support a fishery. Young-of-the-year yellow perch were found in heavy concentrations in depths of 11, 12, and 13 fathoms from Erie, Pa., to Vermilion, Ohio. A small-mesh (1-inch stretched measure) cod-end liner accounted for large catches (52 to 1,020 pounds) made in 10 drags. Changing the mesh size was effective in reducing catches of small fish. Young-of-the-year yellow pike were caught in moderate numbers in 12 drags just east and west of the main island group. Mesh-size selectivity in relation to yellow perch was studied with the aid of a''trouser leg" cod end (a means of fishing two cod ends with different mesh size simultaneously on one net), Although additional data is needed to verify the findings, cod-end mesh sizes of December 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 35 Lake Erie Trawl Explorations by M/V Kaho During Cruise 4 pecies Composition Percentage of catch Species Yellow perch (over 8") Yellow perch (4" to 8") Yellow perch (under 4") Carp Alewife Gizzard shad Sheepshead estern Basin Yellow perch (under 4") Carp Gizzard shad Smelt White bass Other species 30 to 3/8 49 Yellow perch (over 8") 8 50 66 Yellow perch (4" to 8") 5 Central Basin to 4/15 to 645 Yellow perch (under 4") 70 74 2,116 Sheepshead 5 Other species 12 Yellow perch (over 8" Yellow perch {fs to 8") 10 75 40 Yellow perch (under 4") 17 to to 198 Sheepshead 31 84 710 Alewife 6 Other species 5 Yellow perch (over 8") 5 Yellow perch (4" to 8") Tr. Yellow perch (Under 4") Y 60 52 Smelt 42 to 5 to 94 Carp 20 74 178 Yellow pike (walleye) 9 White bass 7 Alewife 6 Other species 4 [Eastern Basin 75 to 4 99 1/"Tr."' = Less than 0.5 percent. 2 /"'Other species" includes those that individually amounted to less than 5 percent. 3/Four other drags, resulted in gear damage, were stopped to avoid set nets, or otherwise malfunctioned. /Two other drags, either resulted in gear damage or were stopped to avoid set nets. Yellow perch (over 8") Yellow perch (4" to 8") Yellow perch (under 4") Smelt Other species Yellow perch (all) 946 Smelt Other species Yellow perch (all) Smelt Other species 25-inches and 2%-inches caught few yellow the area, were caught more readily during perch smaller than 8 inches. The 24-inch mid-morning hours. and 12-inch mesh sizes yielded increasing- Be ly greater proportions of younger yellow Surface temperatures ranged from 57 she perch age groups. to 63° F. in the eastern basin of Lake Erie, 61° F. to 65° F, inthe central basin, and59° F. Day-night fishing on a 14-fathom drag to 61° F. in the western basin. site off Cleveland yielded better catches at Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1962 p. 15. night. The main difference was caused by the presence of 92 pounds of sheepshead in each of two night drags, while comparative daytime drags contained 16 and 17 pounds of that species. Large yellow perch, the only other fish present in significant amounts in 36 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Great Lakes Fishery Investigations LAKE ERIE FISH POPULATION SURVEY CONTINUED: M/V Musky II” (September 1962): The Lake Erie fish population survey was con- tinued in September by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research vessel Musky II, Operations in September included routine fishery and limnological observa- tions at five stations in the western basin of Lake Erie, Two of the stations were visited twice during the month. Also, the vessel made trips to another two areas in the cen- tral basin to determine the extent and dura- tion of oxygen deficiencies in deep water, Oxygen deficiencies in those areas were ob- served for the first time about the latter part of August 1962 in the deeper areas of the central basin off Lorain, Ohio, Species and sizes of fish caught in bottom trawls were fairly consistent and uniform at different stations, The hauls averaged 821 fish for each 10-minute tow in Sandusky Bay and 765 fish in the open lake, In both the bay and lake, young-of-year fish made up about 85 percent of the catch. Somewhat fewer young white bass and yellow pike were caught than during previous months, probably be- cause of greater escapement related to in- crease of size, The growth of most young-of-year fish continued to be mediocre, Average total lengths in inches at the end of September 1962 were: yellow perch, 2.9; yellow pike, 8.6; white bass, 3.2; sheepshead, 4.4; smelt, 2.5; gizzard shad, 3.8; alewife, 4.6; spottail shiner, 2.7; trout-perch, 3.1; and emerald shiner, 2.6. In mid-September, critically low dissolved oxygen remained in depths over 60 feetat one of the stations off Lorain. Limited numbers of trawl tows, made in conjunction with the water chemistry, yielded few fish as com- pared to similar tows earlier in 1962 in the same area and depth. The lower numbers of fish and low oxygen appeared to be directly correlated, Surface water temperatures in the west- ern basin of Lake Erie were 74° F. at the beginning of the month. Strong winds and decreasing air temperatures brought about a rapid and continuous decrease, down to an average of about 60° F, by late September. That change in temperatures was accompa- Vol, 24, No. 12 nied by an increase in the numbers of smelt in the western portion of the lake. Commercial landings of yellow perch by Ohio fishermen showed signs of increasing during September. How long the good catches would continue was difficult to estimate be- cause it was not known how long the domi- nant 1959 year-class of that species would support the fishery. Yellow perch of the 1960 year-class were found to be fewer innumber and were growing more slowly than fish of the 1959 year class. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1962 p. 18. Eg. bd ees Iensl bes DREDGE PERFORMANCE TESTED FOR BOTTOM STUDIES IN SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN: M/V “Cisco” Cruise 8 (September 18-Oc- tober 1, 1962): A comparison of (1) the per- formance and relative efficiency of various types of dredges for bottom sampling and (2) the collection of data on the distribution of bottom organisms at different water depths and in different sediments, were the major objectives of this cruise in southern Lake Michigan by the U. S. Bureau of Commer - cial Fisheries research vessel Cisco. Three samples were taken with each dredge at depths of 3, 10, 20, 30, and 40 fathoms off South Haven and St. Joseph, Mich., and Chi- cago and Waukegan, Ill. Samples werealso taken at 8 fathoms off Racine, Wis. The Racine reef was selected for sampling inor- der to observe dredge performance in hard clay, gravel, and rock, Studies conducted on this cruise were or- iginally planned in 1960, when sampling off Grand Haven, Mich., with aSmith-MclIntyre dredge (borrowed from the Bureau's Woods Hole Biological Laboratory) and a Petersen dredge showed that the two samplers were not performing equally at depths greater than 20 fathoms. The number of bottom organisms taken by the Petersen dredge de- creased as the depth range increased from 20 to 50 fathoms, whereas the number taken by the Smith-MclIntyre dredge being tested remained about the same. The orange-peel type dredge was included in the cruise 8 study because much previous sampling in gravel and hard sediments had been with that type of dredge, A brief examination of the samples col- lected during the cruise indicated that sedi- ment type at the various depths, rather than December 1962 the depth itself, probably determines the sam- pling efficiency of the dredges. Bathythermograph casts were made at 1- mile intervals on a transect between Mil- waukee, Wis., and Grand Haven, Mich., as part of a study of internal waves in Lake Michigan conducted by the Director of the Scottish Marine Laboratory who was thenat the University of Wisconsin. During the latter part of cruise 8, a large- mesh (No, 1558 ''Nitex''), 1-meter, nylon plankton net was towed at speeds up to about 7 knots per hour to attempt to collect small fish. One 20-minute oblique tow from the surface down to 4 fathoms, over a 5-fathom bottom, yielded 41 fingerling alewives, but no other fish were caught. The M/V Cisco was under contract to the _U. S. Public Health Service during cruise VII (August 28-September 11), On that cruise, limnological and bacteriological samples were collected at 69 stations at the 1-, 4-, 7-, and 10-mile contours between Milwaukee and Chicago. No report on that cruise will be issued by the Bureau's Ann Arbor Biological Laboratory. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1962 p. 18. KOK OK OK os LAKE TROUT DISTRIBUTION STUDIES IN WESTERN LAKE SUPERIOR CONTINUED: M/V “Siscowet™ Cruise 7 (September 24- October 9, 1962): Environmental conditions were studied at three limnological stations in the Apostle Islands region of Lake Supe- rior during cruise 6 of the research vessel Siscowet (operated by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries). Collections in- cluded records of water temperatures, Sec- chi disc readings, water samples for chem- ical analyses, and bottom and plankton sam- ples. Water temperatures ranged from 59° to 55° F. at the surface, dropped from 55° to 41° F, in the stratum of water between about 10 and 15 fathoms, and were 40° F, at depths of 50 fathoms or more, Plankton abundance was relatively high at all stations. Trawl tows at depths ranging from 10 to 30 fathoms, and experimental gill nets (1- to 5-inch mesh, by 3-inch intervals) set at 22 fathoms yielded a total of 269 young lake trout. Of that total, 264 (98 percent) were fin-clipped fish. Nearly all of the lake trout were caught at depths between 20 and 25 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 37 fathoms. Lake trout from the 1961 and 1962 Bayfield plants were most common in the catches. Trawling during and immediately after release of about 16,000 hatchery-reared lake trout from shore at Frog Bay revealed that the fish reached a depth of 10 fathoms in slightly over 1 hour after planting. Earlier observations by the Siscowet on previous cruises showed that lake trout planted in the spring required 22 hours to reach that depth. The fall-planted fish were larger (8.5 fish to the pound) than those planted in the spring (22 to the pound). This was believed might be the reason for their faster movement to deep water. In an effort to learn some of the factors which may affect the depth distribution of young lake trout, a $-meter plankton net was towed along the bottom at various depths be- tween 10 and 30 fathoms. Zooplankton (pre- dominately copepods), Pontoporeia, and My- sis were most abundant at 20-25 fathoms, but were relatively scarce at depths above 20 and below 25 fathoms. Chubs (Coregonus hoyi) were common in nearly all the trawl catches. One 15-minute tow at 20 fathoms yielded a total of 711 fish of that species weighing 165 pounds. Other species in the catches included small num- bers of smelt, sticklebacks, and sculpins. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, November 1962 p. 24. Gulf Exploratory Fishery Program SHRIMP MARKING STUDY IN GULF OF MEXICO: M/V "George M. Bowers” Cruise 40 (July 6-19 1962): The catching, staining and re- lease of brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) was the main objective of this cruise by the gear research vessel M/V George M. Bowers of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Cruise 40 which was made jointly with the Bureau's Galveston Biological Laboratory, was the initial phase of a continuing study to obtain a preliminary estimate of the growth, mortality and migration patterns of brown shrimp. The vessel operated in two general areas. In the area off Grand Isle, La., a total of 2,370 shrimp were marked with fast green 38 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW dye and released in a depth range of 12 to 17 fathoms. In the other area off the northern Texas coast, some 3,000 shrimp were marked with a Trypan blue dye and released in 43 to 9 fathoms. Recoveries of marked shrimp from the first release off the Louisianacoast were reported as being very high, Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, November 1962 p. 24, and August 1962 p. 26. sk sy! sle osle ste kook ke ok ok ELECTRICAL FIELD EXPERIMENTS AND SHRIMP BURROWING BEHAVIOR OBSERVATIONS IN GULF OF EEO. M/V George M. Bowers. Cruise 41 Electrical field strength experiments and a continuation of studies on the behavior phase of the shrimp gear research project in the Gulf of Mexico were conducted in St. Andrews Bay, Fla. (off Panama City), during this cruise by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisher- ies gear research vessel George M. Bowers. The vessel operates from the Gulf and South Atlantic Exploration and Gear Research Base at Pascagoula, Miss., where she returned on August 31, 1962. Electrical Field Strength Experiments: Experiments to determine the shape and magnitude of an a.c. electrical field between two electrodes in sea water were conducted on this cruise. Three sizes of brass elec- trodes were tested (3' and6! g"'rodand3! 3" rod). Currents tested were 1 amp, 3 amps and 6 amps. Voltage potentials were meas- ured in predetermined planes surrounding the electrodes with a vacuum-tube voltme- ter. Inaddition, 3" stainless steel cable elec- trodes were also tested and the following factors were investigated: (1) The field a- bove the electrodes, (2) the field below the electrodes when they are at an angle to the bottom, (3) the electrodes at right angles, and (4) various frequencies from 60 to 50,000 cycles per second. Data collected on this trip are being eval- uated. An apparent significant increase in voltage drop with an increase in frequency was of interest. Burrowing Observations: Observations were continued to determine the burrowing behavior of shrimp. During the observation period, the moon was at or near-dark and generally the shrimp remained out of the bottom the entire night. This was in con- trast to observations during the full moon when they remained out for onlyafew hours. Vol. 24, No. 12 These observations are to be continued using time-lapse cameras and a photometer in an attempt to determine whether light level, moon phase, or both are contributing signifi- cantly to this behavior. Response To Electrical Stimulus: Ex- periments to evaluate the power level needed to bring about a significant response were undertaken. It was observed that frequently with shrimp in identical positions relative to the electrodes, that a given power level pro- duced a very strong response in some ani- mals but a very weak response in others. Possible reasons for this include: (1) The physiological condition at different molting stages, (2) the physiological condition as a result of trawl capture and tank holding or, (3) a combination of the two. Instrumentation Development: Perform- ance of instruments on this cruise was as follows: 1. The load cell system was tested on a 40-foot trawl and performed well electrically. 2. The door angle of attack recorder per- formed well mechanically. 3. The bottom speed indicator functioned well but a magnetic counter was indicated rather than the mechanical one used. 4, The bathykymograph units were tested and found satisfactory. Gulf Fishery lveaig ations Some of the highlights of studies conducted by the Galveston Biological Laboratory of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries during July-September 1962: SHRIMP FISHERY PROGRAM: Shrimp Spawning Populations: Brown shrimp ovaries taken off Galveston in 15 and 25 fathoms during January-June 1962 were examined. Comparison between 1961 and 1962 ovary samples shows that a much larg- er percentage of ripe and recently-spent females occurred in 25 fathoms in 1962. The converse was true for 15-fathom samples. The percentage of ripe and recently spent ovaries from 15 fathoms was much greater in 1961. A large proportion of the brown shrimp females from 15 fathoms in 1962 December 1962 were young with ovaries either undeveloped or in early developmental stages. During July-September 1962, six research cruises were completed in which 175 one- hour hauls were made with a 45-foot flat shrimp trawl. There were 35,905 penaeid shrimp taken, of which 12,857 or 35 percent were commer- cial species. About one-third of the catch consisted of rock shrimp (Sicyonia breviro- stris), a species not now exploited. The catch per unit of effort for adults of all spe- cies increased with an increase in longitude in much the same manner as the penaeid larvae. Migrations of Brown and White Shrimp: Of the 2,431 stained and 1,690 tagged shrimp released off the Texas coast in April 1962, 144 stained shrimp and 61 tagged shrimp had been recovered by the end of the third quarter 1962. The movement of the stained shrimp was eandom in relation to the Texas coast and more than 92 percent of the recoveries were captured less than 30 miles from the center of the staining area. Tagged shrimp slight- ly northeast of Port Aransas moved in a southerly direction, while shrimp released south of Port Aransas moved mostly in a northerly direction. One shrimp traveled about 68 miles in a northeasterly direction. None of the tagged shrimp released off Free- port traveled more than 15 miles. The data indicate no significant immigration of large adult shrimp from adjacent areas into the staining area, nor any Significant emigra- tion of shrimp from the staining area into adjacent areas. Two mark-recapture experiments de- signed to obtain estimates of fishing mor- tality and other parameters on the brown shrimp stocks were initiated during July 1962. A total of 2,370 stained shrimp, in- cluding three different size groups, was re- leased off Grand Isle, Louisiana, and 2,973 stained shrimp of two different size groups was released off Galveston, Tex. In addi- tion, a preliminary estimate of the number of nonrecoveries was obtained for the Gold- en Meadow-Grand Isle area during July. A total of 623 shrimp had been recovered by the end of the third quarter from the Lou- isiana experiment, and 69 recoveries had been returned from the Galveston experi- ment. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 39 During the quarter, 72 stains, pigments, and fluorescent dyes were tested to determine their suitability as primary or secondary marking agents on penaeid shrimp. Two of the stains, Bates numbering inks blue and green, tested as primary marks retained suf- ficient color in the gills to be considered use- ful as marking agents for short-term experi- ments. The movement of Sanford's checkwriter inks, red, blue, and black, from the site of injection into the gill area where they mask the primary stain definitely limits the suita- bility of those inks as secondary marks. A number of fluorescent pigments usedas secondary marks have proved successful when used with the primary stain, fast green FCF. These pigments are easily detected and differentiated under ultraviolet light. No fading or shedding was observed at the end of 84 days. Since those pigments can be localized at the site of injection, the number of second- ary marks can be increased by varying the in- jection site. Bait Shrimp Fishery: Bait shrimp produc- tion in the Galveston Bay system increased in July and August 1962 as compared with the same months of 1961. However, species composition percentages indicate that juve- nile brown shrimp left the Bay earlier this year than in 1961. Substantial offshore catch- es of brown shrimp too small to meet the re- quired 50 count (heads-off) per pound in July, August, and the first part of September would seem to support this conclusion. Shrimp Larval Studies: During the quarter 222 plankton samples were examined for pe- naeid larvae. These were collected during Janu- ary-April 1962 at the 60 monthly stations be- tween the Mississippi River and Brownsville, Texas. The data show that the relative abun- dance of penaeid larvae increased with an increase in longitude, i.e. moving east to west. Statistical areas 13-15 had a relatively low larval abundance. In areas 16-18 penaeid larvae were slightly more abundant and were found to be most abundant in statistical areas 121 In all statistical areas penaeid larvae were more abundant in the 20-40 and 40-60 fathom depth zones than in the 0-20 fathom zone. Larval stages consisted primarily of protozoea, mysis, and postlarva. Very few 40 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW nauplius stage shrimp were taken, an indica- tion that spawning activity was reduced dur- ing January-April 1962. Commercial Catch Sampling: It was re- ported by fishermen in July and August 1962 that large quantities of undersized shrimp (Texas law) were being discarded at sea. In mid-August a 10-day trip was made on a commercial shrimp boat to make observa- tions on the amount of discard relative to the amount of shrimp retained. Culling ranged from 0 to 64 percent of each haul with 74 percent of the total catch being marketable. According to the captain of the boat this was an improvement over the preceding month when up to 75 percent of the catch was dis- carded because of size. Measurements of tail and total length and conversion charts were completed for brown and white shrimp. The landings of 387 vessels were sampled for size and species composition. In this work nearly 40,000 shrimp were examined of which 84 percent were brown shrimp, 14 percent white shrimp, and 2 percent pink shrimp. Migrations of Pink Shrimp: A mark and recapture experiment designed to give addi- tional information on the geographic distri- bution of the Tortugas shrimp population was initiated near Indian Key, Fla. Between Au- gust 27 and September 5, 1962, a total of 19,860 pink shrimp were marked with trypan blue and released. Two pink shrimp marked on the Sanibel grounds in March 1962 were recoverednear the northwest border of the Tortugas grounds. They had traveled about 82 nautical miles in 115 days. These recoveries were the first indication of movement between the two fish- ing grounds. No Tortugas marked shrimp have been taken on the Sanibel grounds. The returns from the Sanibel experiment are complete with 563 (22 percent) of the 2,496 marked shrimp having been returned as of September 21, 1962. Growth datafrom this experiment indicate an average incre- ment of 2.4 mm. per month for females and 1.3 mm. per month for males. Study of the relative abundance and dis- tribution of larvae of the pink shrimp (Pe- naeus duorarum) on the Tortugas Shelf of Vol. 24, No. 12 the Gulf of Mexico was continued by the Insti- tute of Marine Science University of Miami, under a contract with the U. 8S. Fish and Wild- life Service. Plankton collecting trips were made to the Tortugas Shelf (4) and to Buttonwood Canal (4) using a Gulf V plankton sampler in the former area and a plankton pump in the latter. Considerable time during the quarter was occupied with purchasing and assembling equipment for the year's work. During the quarter pink shrimp were twice reared from egg to postlarvae in the laboratory. The successful rearing through metamorphosis confirms earlier conclu- sions regarding pink shrimp development, which were partly based on stages of lar- vae found in the plankton. BEHAVIOR PROGRAM: Effect of Tem- perature and Salinity on Growth and Survival of Estuarine Species: The acquisition of automatic temperature recording equipment has made it possible to study the behavior of small shrimp in vertical temperature gradients, Although the experimental appa- ratus employed was identical to that used in testing shrimp responses to salinity gradi- ents (previously reported), the results ob- tained were strikingly different. While shrimp demonstrated a marked behavioral response to salinity gradients (avoiding salinities above 35 parts per thousand), most of these animals have been found to be in- capable of avoiding lethal low temperatures in temperature gradients. Thus 32 of 37 shrimp tested became immobilized through cold narcosis before the end of the 25-min- ute observation period. While it is too early to postulate the relative ecological significance of salinity and temperature to small shrimp, the pres- ent findings show that under comparable conditions these animals are more respon- sive in terms of linear movement to salin- ity than to temperature. Results of a 24-hour survival study of shrimp grown from postlarval to juvenile size strongly support our previously re- ported suggestion that juvenile (13-inch total length) brown shrimp can tolerate considerable changes in temperature and salinity. The over-all survival was ex- cellent (95 percent). The high level of sur- vival in this experiment becomes even more December 1962 striking when we note that the temperature and salinity changes were immediate, pro- viding the animals no opportunity for gradu- al acclimation. ESTUARINE PROGRAM: Ecology of West- ern Gulf Estuaries: Analysis of 5 years of hydrological, meteorological, and biological data from the Galveston Bay estuarine system has been initiated. Analysis will include a comparison of the relative value to the fish- ery of four separate areas within thesystem. Field sampling in the Galveston Bay sys- tem has been temporarily reduced inscope pending a preliminary review and examina- tion of results from the past 5 years, A modified field program is being developed that will supplement and enhance the previ- ous work, Effects of Engineering Projects: During the quarter, 36 appraisals were made of engineering projects potentially affecting Texas estuarine fishery resources under the present system of coordination with the Branch of River Basin Studies. The majority of these resulted from the more than 109 Corps of Engineers public notices and letters received during the quarter and screened to determine which projects could materially affect estuarine areas, and consequently marine fishery resources, Portions per- taining to these fishery resources in 13 Bu- reau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife draft re- ports were reviewed for concurrence or rec- ommendations, INDUSTRIAL FISHERY PROGRAM: Pre- liminary analysis of fish samples collected from waters off the Texas and Louisiana coasts from January through August 1962 had been completed by the end of the third quarter, Consistent trends can be seen in both the distribution and abundance of major species in spite of the fact that a relatively small number of samples are used to characterize this wide geographic area (monthly 5-lb. samples from each of 60 stations), No adequate measure of the absolute abundance of fish is available but, in general terms, it can be said that biomass appears to decrease as one proceeds west- ward from the Mississippi Delta or from the shoreline toward deeper waters. For the most part, these changes in biomass can be attributed to the distribution of individual species, A series of curves which relate the relative abundance of a species with COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 41 depth or distance from shore have been con- structed. These, when used in conjunction with a measure of the contribution to the to- tal catch made by each species, provide an approximate description of abundance, Variation in the species composition of trawl catches taken from a given area has been recognized in the literature by several authors, This type of variation is some- times extreme, i.e., a particular species may either dominate or be virtually absent from trawl hauls made in the same locale. Clarification of such marked variation is necessary before either sampling data or commercial statistics can be related to the actual fish stocks available in an area, A first step in this direction was made during a cruise in June when stations were sampled at 3-hour intervals over 24-hour periods, Information gained at that time indicated that the greatest single source of variation was associated with the diurnal periods of activ- ity of the species involved. Several species, heretofore considered to be demersal, were found to be liable to capture by the trawl during approximately half of each 24-hour period, A second, more extensive, cruise which will employ both bottom and midwa- ter trawls is planned in order to investigate this question more thoroughly. Since sev- eral other sources of variation may tend to mask the results of the field program, the question will also be pursued under labora- tory conditions, An outdoor tank, measuring 18 feet in diameter and 16 feet in depth, has been fitted with a total of 10 portholes at various depths. It is expected that an ob- server situated outside the tank will be able to photograph or otherwise record the rel- ative position of each species of fish over 24-hour periods, The industrial trawl fishery in the north- ern Gulf is composed of two distinct fleets. Vessels in the East Gulf fleet fish east of the Mississippi River Delta from Pass a Loutre, La., to Gulf Shores, Ala., are usually less than 60 feet in length, and have an av- erage capacity of about 30 tons. The West Gulf fleet generally fishes west of the Delta from Southwest Pass to Ship Shoal, La., and is made up of vessels more than 60 feet long with an average capacity of about 90 tons. Relative fishing effort between the two fleets was calculated from 363 trips be- tween April and September 1962, About 93 42 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW percent of the effort by both fleets occurred within the 10-fathom curve. The most con- centrated efforts by vessels of the East Gulf took place in an area of about 300 square miles east of the entrance to Mobile Bay, Ala. Grounds of most importance to the West Gulf fleet lay immediately off Bara- taria Bay, Timbalier Bay, and Terrebonne Bay, occupying about 400 square miles of Louisiana coastal waters. Work continues on collecting and reading scales and otoliths of Atlantic croaker, spot, and sand sea trout, Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1962 p. 19. Ed EAE oes ens SHRIMP DISTRIBUTION STUDIES: M/V “Belle of Texas” Cruise BT-29 (October 16-27, 1962): Four statisticalareas were covered on this cruise by the research vessel Belle of Texas, and a 45-foot shrimp trawl was used. One 3-hour tow was made in each of the 3 depth ranges in each area, The vessel (operated by the Galveston Bio- logical Laboratory of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries in studying the dis- tribution of shrimp in the Gulf of Mexico) returned to her home port on October 27. NX Gls 10.1U, Ts'S TCA UNA Cw Ne ~ Orleans + (< SE Shows the station pattern for Cruise BT-29 of the M/V Belle of Texas, October 16-27, 1962. Catches of brown shrimp were very small at all depths except 0-20 fathoms in areas 18 and 19, The largest total catch of any area was in area 21 which yielded about 28 pounds, most of it large brown shrimp count- ing 12-15 to the pound from 20-40 fathoms, Catches in other depths of that area were small, and included a scattering of ‘white and pink shrimp. Vol, 12, No. 24 A total catch of about 20 pounds from area 20 was made up of 12 pounds of 21-25 count brown shrimp from the 20-40 fathom depth, and 6 pounds of 31-40 count brown shrimp from 0-20 fathoms, A small amount of 12-15 count brown shrimp and some 21-25 count white shrimp were also caught in that area. HK OK OK OK OK M/V ''Belle of Texas'' Cruise BT-30 (October 27-30, 1962): Shrimp catches were relatively good in2 ofthe 4 statistical areas worked by the Belle of Texas during this 4-day cruise. A 45-foot shrimp trawl was used, and one 3-hour tow was made in each of the 3 depth ranges. Areas 16 and 17 yielded an average of 40 pounds each, mostly large brown shrimp counting 9-20 to the pound. A total of 16 pounds of smaller brown shrimp counting 26-30 were caught at 0-20 fathoms inarea 16. In area 14, shrimp counting 31-40 to the pound were caught at 0-20 fathoms--11 pounds were white shrimp and 6 pounds brown shrimp. Brown shrimp caught at other depths in that area counted 12-15 to the pound. } \ Ces HGH 6/7 ral TOUMMIUTES a Ty AS NEA ‘ H if Coa Orleans # SS Shows the station pattern for Cruise BT -30 of the M/V Belle of Texas, October 27-30, 1962. “December 1962 Area 15 accounted for 25 pounds of brown shrimp ranging from 21-30 count caught at depths up to 40 fathoms, and a small amount of larger shrimp from deeper water. Notes: (i) Shrimp catches are heads-on weight; shrimp sizes are the number of heads-off shrimp per pound. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, November 1962 p- 26. Soro os Ss bre Industrial Fishery Products FISH MEAL, OIL, AND SOLUBLES: U. S. Production, September 1962: Pre- liminary data on U. S. production of fish meal, oil, and solubles for September 1962 U. S. Production!/ of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles, September 1962 (Preliminary) with Comparisons Homog- enized3/ Solubles 1,000 Gallons . . (Short Tons). . 2/Includes Hawaii, American Samoa, and Puerto Rico. 3 /Includes condensed fish. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 43 as collected by the U. S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries and submitted to the Interna- tional Association of Fish Meal Manufactur- ers are shown in table 1. During September 1962, a total of 31,200 tons of fish meal and scrap and 4 million gallons of marine-animal oils were produced in the United States. Compared with Septem- ber 1961, this was an increase of 2,400 tons or 8percent in mealandscrap production and 608,000 gallons or 18 percent in oil. Menhaden meal amounted to 27,200 tons-- accounting for 87 percent of the September 1962 meal total. Oil from menhaden (3.7 mil- lion gallons) comprised 94 percent of the September 1962 oil production, There were 12,000 tons of fish solubles produced in September 1962--1,500 tons above the same month of the previous year. There was no homogenized con- densed fish produced in September 1962 as compared with 710 tons in the same month of 1961. During the first 9 months of 1962, meal and scrap production totaled 238,300 tons--13,900 tons below the same period of 1961. The marine animal oil yield to- taled 26.3. Table 2 - U.S. Production of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles, September 1962, with Comparisons September Jan.> 4 Bess. Pp | an,*Sept Total 1/1962 1961 ae ee 1961 1961 deh onehsuelosenetteMeeetsfieireyrah COLLOT tr 66. Onin I D0) 0-0/0 010.0 elshepe Fish Meal and Scrap: aes LCT GING erekevcnevene « 424 525 3,051 4,987 5,268 Menhaden 2/. see 27,217 24,914 202,866 218,091 247,551 Sardine, Pacific .. 8 688 714 688 2,518 Tuna and mackerel 1,368 1,958 15,096 15,416 21,243 Unclassified...... 2,148 at 16,613 13,092 14,757 a le on im| OOD o-oo olD!s.0 5 SELES nie es800 238,340 252,274 291,337 $010 0.06 3/ 3/ 3/ | 3/ 19,928 Tara Cdiblo. clo gidic Ub nae G 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 311,265 HIshisoluples| cic ciel leieiehetsss elolievisireisentoiie . 12,009 10,522 93,023 Homogenizedicondensed fish) ys sie ej ere| ine eh oe oe *e “710 *06 eer ego Gils Béay: Slicvisiteteiet eGerepictts aor (GALLONS) iipeast cv alkeueMoroner metas esters HOTTIE ew cineleyiehioteite 82,455 164,017 610,180 8 s/lelieiie! otere tells te tieie) (6 eee eee A 7 01,547 818,017 iene sela DEUS amon bo vnics i hate abe Na ae 3,733,844 | 2,963,935 | 24,495,198 | 27,024,984 | 31,355,570 set ING Mh ACTIN wel emfeielisialieticte tele steterstoteteteseUete #55 22,851 21,239 22,851 86,167 Bee and) mackerel (01)... <4. Raa 60,223 109,968 463,022 485,145 762,509 er (including whale) ...... UCN eal aura eae 87,037 95,741 | 695,831 1,141,940 1,386,542 | MOtalOUl pe Larwetelaicioieille tallels Lb Glog p.geticied A eee Neecbates? 3,964,314 | 3,356,512 | 26,285,470 | 29,476,467 | 34,408,805 2/Includ u ‘i Un Amin Amemuper air Tend Pan 44 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 12 Table 3 - U.S, Foreign Trade in Selected Industrial Products, August and September 1962 with Comparisons August September | Jan.-Sept,. Product =] 1/1962 1961 1/1962 | 1961 1/1962 iL 1961 Hod OU odo OOOO OO Gb OD-DowWOD (Shere, WO) 6-915 0.0/0 obo O'DIOw:.0'0 05 010'0.0:0.0 50 Imports: HShyMealkewS CRA recone sr suelo vemeieeltelis 28,253 19,026 13,698 13,941 208,694 159,503 HiShtSOlUbLe Siren eucmrstrencienueuob ci evoireyte A 422 318 178 263 5,196 2,508 fe 8100.00 0.0/0.0 6-ni\0'0-8) Orn o-oLocaNbreb «i(Galllon's) Wain wesenoneteneneten ous heleuenenon eka acm net Whale oil, sperm (crude and refined) .. o 717,855 | 462,576 293,081 4,740,749 | 4,938,798 | Ho sMortefieliieMcmeieln helen siosited eterieitaliel’= GPCI IGS Gedo oa G6 ooo oD 0000600000 Exports: By Shew ti Shs liverOllSy.ve ey oilers siielisyis -| 33,271,765 |13,304,278 | 219,241 | 9,521,370 | 96,624,014 | 95,374,843 6,892 | = 30,300 6,826 1,972,811 169,952 Whale and sperm oil... wn. ee es A 1/Preliminary data. million gallons--a drop of 3.2 million gal- lons as compared with the same period in 1961, Imports and Exports: Imports of fishmeal during January-September 1962 (208,700 tons) were 49,200 tons above the same period in 1961, and imports of fish solubles (5,200 tons) were up 2,700 tons. Exports of fish and fish- liver oils amounted to 96.6 million pounds (129 million gallons) during the first 9months of 1962--up 1.2 million pounds (166,600 gal- lons) compared with the same period in 1961. He ok Kk ok is HOW MUCH FISH MEAL SHOULD BROILER RATIONS CONTAIN FOR BEST RESULTS? The question of how much fish meal is enough in an otherwise all vegetable ration for broilers is, in part, answered by re- search on the subject. Levels of 7- and 10.5- percent fish meal in rations yielded signifi- cantly greater weight gains in broilers than did a 3.5-percent fish meal level. These were the results of experiments at the Mis- sissippi State University carried out with broilers fed rations having nearly equal a- mounts of protein, The two higher levels of 7- and 10.5-per- cent fish meal also increased efficiency of feed utilization (pounds of feed per pound of gain) when added to corn-soybean oil meal rations. Results obtained with the two high- er levels of fish meal were not significant- ly different. These results indicate that as far as the fish growth factor of UGF (uniden- tified growth factor) is concerned, a3,5-per- cent level of fish meal is not enough where- as a 7-percent level is sufficient. Where neither 3.5-percent fish meal nor 4-percent condensed fish solubles as the only source of animal protein in a ration was adequate for maximum growth and feed efficiency, excellent results were obtained with 3.5-per- cent fish meal plus 4-percent fish solubles. Broiler rations containing 7-percent fish meal were not improved by the addition of methionine (an amino acid or protein con- stituent), showing that this level of fish meal supplies all the methionine that is required. In addition, the efficiency of feed utilization was about the same at relatively high and low levels of protein intake when as much as 7-percent of the ration consisted of fish meal, But this was not true with only 3.5- percent fish meal, This means that 7-percent fish meal in a corn-soybean oil meal ration fully supplies the required amounts of meth- ionine and other necessary amino acids. Raising the fish meal level to 10.5 percent did not further improve the ration, According to research reported by nu- tritionists in the July issue of Poultry Science, a 7-percent fish meal level is enough in an otherwise all vegetable broiler ration, Poul- try Science is the official journal of the Poul- try Science Association, MORE FISH MEAL AND OIL IN ANIMAL MIXED FEEDS ENCOURAGED: The Midwest represents a good potential market for the additional use of fish meal in noncritical rations where only very small amounts are used primarily so that the meal can be mentioned on the tag. This was the opinion of a U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries animal nutritionist after a trip to December 1962 Illinois and Missouri to encourage the use of more fish meal in mixed feeds, and to de- termine possible ways in which more fish oil can be utilized in animal feeding. Fish meal is generally used in Illinois in critical rations such as breeder, turkey start- er, and broiler rations, despite the added transportation charges that increase costs of industrial fishery products in the Midwest. There is only a limited demand at this time for stabilized fish oil for use in poultry feeds. Eventually, uses may be found for the oil in feeds other than poultry feeds. In or- der to increase the demand for fish oil, quali- ty should be improved, and definite efforts should be made to: 1, Produce a uniform and dependable product, 2. Stabilize the oil. 3. Determine how fish oil can best be marketed. (As pure fish oil? Asa blend? Asa partially hydrogenated fat ?) A long-range point of view suggests that research should be carried out to determine uses of fish oil in animal nutrition, in addi- tion to those already known. At the Annual Convention of the National Feed Ingredients Association, held September 12-14, 1962, at Chicago, a motion picture pro- duced by Successful Farming, ''Farming's New Face, was shown. The basic idea con- veyed by the picture is that with the forma- tion, now taking place in the United States, of relatively large farm units from several small farms, profits to farm operators have increased. As a result of increased profits, such operators are now potentially better customers of feed and other supplies than they were formally. In the sectional meetings of the Chicago Convention, both the ''feed manufacturers" and the''specialty ingredients" groups seemed mainly concerned with Food and Drug Ad- ministration (FDA) restrictions on labeling. When feed producers wish to add a new drug to their feed line, they need permission from FDA under certain conditions but not under others. In general, if the additive is sup- posed to have a therapeutic effect (medicine), permission is needed, If the additive is con- sidered a nutrient only, then permission from FDA is not needed, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 45 A great deal of interest in trace miner- als in nutrition was in evidence at the Con- vention meetings. The known diseases re- lated to trace mineral deficiencies were de- scribed, Processors of salt and other min- erals were represented by specialists on the program who pointed out the values of their products in preventing deficiencies. | ia a) Inventions NEW OUTBOARD MOTOR TILTING DEVICE PATENTED: The inventor of an outboard motor tilting device claims his device allows a personin any part of a small boat to lift the motor easily. He claims the device is very useful when the motor is stuck in sand or mud, It consists of an elongated rod which is attached in an upright position to the forward tilting handle of an outboard motor. A cable is attached to the top of the rod and then looped about the rear tilting handle of the motor, To tilt the motor, the top of the elongated rod is pulled forward, The device is sim- ple, inexpensive, and easily attached and de- tached, (Patent Number 2,979,017, U.S. Patent Office Classification Number 115-17, eranted April 11, 1961, to Donald H. Soper, 1015 L, Avenue, Nevada, Iowa.) He ee cath “ic KOK OK OK OK NEW FISH LURE PATENTED: The inventor of a new fish lure claims his lure is long-lasting and creates the impres- sion of a swimming fish by the use of multi- colored mirrors which rotate within sealed watertight transparent plastic tubing, The lure turns freely on a metal shaft. Angular fins on the outside create a rotary movement, (Patent Number 3,031,796, U. S. Patent Of- fice Classification Number 43-42.2, granted May 1, 1962, to Carl Ellis Swenson, 9 Mag- nolia Street, Bergenfield, N. J. Ice CEE SIC NS: NEW LIFEBOAT LAUNCHING DEVICE PATENTED: The inventor of a new lifeboat launching device claims his device can be used for launching lifeboats or rafts even if a ship is tilted or has its port holes open, The device consists of a metal carriage and cradle. The carriage has 8 wheels which go over a ship's port holes. The cradle sits in the carriage 46 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW on a pivot which holds the lifeboat at even keel at all times, The lifeboat is ready for launching by one man at all times and is automatically released once it is in the water, (Patent Number 3,032,786, U. S. Patent Office Classification Number 9-41, granted May 8, 1962, to Frank and Russell W. Hudson, Box 411, Line Road, Manorville, L. I., N. Y.) Massachusetts NEW MARINE FISHERIES ADVISORY COMMISSION: The purpose of the new Massachusetts marine fisheries law (Chapter 715) which became effective July 23, 1962, was to im- mediately bring about the orderly and coor- dinated activities of the Massachusetts ma- rine fisheries and all relatedactivities. The law as amended provided for a Marine Fish- eries Advisory Commission composed of 9 members within the Division of Marine Fish- eries, All 9 members appointed by the Gov- ernor of Massachusetts were confirmed by The Governor's Executive Council by the end of October 1962, The members of the new Commissionare given considerable latitude in using their experience, knowledge, and ideas for the benefit of the Commonwealth of Massachu- setts in the field of marine fisheries. Under the law, meetings must be held at least quar - terly, but opinions were that more than 4 meetings a year would be held, with perhaps as many as 10 a year, according to one sug- gestion, The Director of the Massachusetts Divi- sion of Marine Fisheries said he was cer- tain the new Commission would be a great help to the State. He stated that when fish- eries matters come up in the future, point of view of various interests can be ex- pressed through the Commission, instead of having hundreds of persons forced to give up a day's work in order to attend meet- ings. Commission members pointed out that there were numerous problems to be re- solved but that none was yet singled out for priority. There was a possibility of early consideration to the question of how to reg- ulate tuna fishing, bearing in mind the inter- ests of both sport fishermen and commer- Vol. 24, No. 12 cial fishermen. Zoning of certain waters for one or the other interests also was proposed. It appeared that the Commission would not immediately consider the spending of additional money for the benefit of the fish- eries. Funds were expected to be available in the coming year, with a quarter of a mil- lion dollars estimated as potentially avail- able from the State tax on fuel consumed by boats, Members of the new Commission include a cross-section of well known persons in the Massachusetts commercial and sport fisheries, and related industries. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1962 p. 34. Michigan LAKE TROUT PLANTED IN SIX LAKES: Michigan's late fall lake trout planting program called for some 32,500 lake trout to be released for restocking six lakes in the northern peninsula, announced the Mich- igan Department of Conservation on Novem- ber 1, 1962, A total of 5,000 lake trout were released in Big Glen Lake, Leelanau County, during the latter part of October. Other lakes scheduled for lake trout restocking early in November were: Higgins Lake, Roscommon County, 10,000 fish; Elk and Torch Lakes, Antrim County, 5,000 each; Walloon Lake, Emmett County, 5,000; Lake Avalon, Mont- morency County, 2,500, The plantings were made at dusk when sea- gulls have less chance of preying on the fish before they take to deep water, Releases con- sisted of 2-year-old lake trout measuring 7 inches and longer. About 5,000 lake trout were planted in Crystal Lake, Benzie County, in the spring of 1962, as part of Michigan's Department of Conservation 1962 lake trout planting program, Middle Atlantic States FISHERY LANDINGS, 1961: Landings of fish and shellfish in the Mid- dle Atlantic States (New York, New Jersey, December 1962 VALUE OF MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES CATCH, 1961 Menhaden Clam meats Oyster meats Scup Flounders Other Vda. Million i, 1 ne 1 1 dollars 1 2 3 4 5 and Delaware) during 1961, totaled 825 mil- lion pounds valued at $24 million ex-vessel. Landings (up 41.6 million pounds over 1960) were the highest since 1957. The value was more than $2 million over the previous year. Increased catches of menhaden largely ac- counted for the gain in volume. The higher value was mainly the result of improved prices received for menhaden and oysters. MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES CATCH, 1961 Menhaden Clam meats [ Scup Flounders Whiting Other Million pounds New Jersey, with 397 million pounds, accounted for 48 percent of the catch, fol- lowed by Delaware with 37 percent. New Boxing and icing butterfish from vessel at Fulton Fish Market, New York City. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 47 Jersey also led in ex-vessel value with $11 million or 46 percent of the total; New York was second with 38 percent. There were 8,559 fishermen engaged in the Middle Atlantic fisheries in 1961--227 more than in 1960. This increase took place in the shore and boat fisheries; fewer men fished aboard vessels, Fishing craft oper- ated in the Middle Atlantic area during the year consisted of 602 vessels (31,159 gross tons), 3,676 motorboats, and 447 other boats. Manufactured fishery products of the Mid- dle Atlantic area in 1961 amounted to $91.8 million--an increase of $11.4 million over the previous year. Increased production of breaded fresh or frozen fish, canned fishand shellfish, smoked and kippered fish, and in- dustrial products largely accounted for the gain. Missouri FISHERIES RESEARCH UNIT FOR MISSOURI UNIVERSITY: The Missouri Conservation Commission, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the University of Missouri will cooperate ines- tablishing a fisheries research unit at the university. It will be the third such unit in the nation. The research unit will be staffed by two employees of the Fish and Wildlife Service and will have its facilities in the wildlife building, Stephens Hall, on the university's campus, The work will include research, teaching, extension, and fish resource sur- veys. With the university furnishing the quar- ters, the Conservation Commission will fur- nish $10,000 and the Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice will furnish $30,000. Of the Federal ap- propriation, $3,000 will be used for admin- istration at the regional and national level and $27,000 will come into Missouri. The unit is expected to go into operation this fall after a unit leader is selected, ac- cording to an October 12, 1962, news release from the Conservation Commission, 48 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW New England FISHERIES, 1961: Fish and shellfish landings in the New England States (Maine, New Hampshire, Mas- sachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut) during 1961 amounted to 760 million pounds valued at $60.9 million ex-vessel. The 1961 catch was 92 million pounds less than in the previous year and the smallest in that region since 1944, The value fell $616,000 below the 1960 level. VALUE OF NEW ENGLAND STATES CATCH, 1961 Lobsters Haddock Sea scallops Flounders Ocean perch Other Million Dollars 0 5 10 15 20 Only one State--Rhode Island--gained in volume over 1961. This increase of nearly 15 million pounds resulted from larger land- ings of fish taken for industrial purposes. NEW ENGLAND STATES CATCH, 1961 Haddock Whiting Flounders Sea herring Other Million Pounds 0 50 100 150 250 300 The 1961 decline in volume was due chiet- ly to greatly reduced landings of Maine sea herring. Total landings of that species fell from 155 million pounds in 1960 to 58 mil- lion pounds--the lowest yield since 1940, The value decreased more than $1 million ex-vessel. Landings of menhaden were down almost 17 million pounds; whiting, down 10 million pounds; ocean perch, down 9 million pounds; and lobsters, down over 3 million pounds, There were moderate increases in the catches of haddock, scup, cod, flounders, alewives, and species taken for industrial use. Sea scallop landings of 23.8 million pounds (mostly at New Bedford, Mass.), exceeded the 1960 record yield of 22.5 million pounds. Vol. 24, No, 12 There were 21,737 fishermen engagedin the New England fisheries in1961--about 463 less than in the previous year. Fishing craft in the New England area during the yearcon- sisted of 738 vessels (44,242 gross tons), 11,155 motor boats, and 709 other boats. Manufactured fishery products of the New England area in 1961 were valued at $107.8 mil- lion--a decrease of $8.9 million compared with the previous year. Adecline inthe canned pack of Maine sardines largely accounted for the drop. A: Naren Ohio River Basin WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR UPPER OHIO RIVER BASIN: A six-year water quality management plan for the upper Ohio River Basin was announced on October 31, 1962, by the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. The comprehensive water pollution con- trol program will be conducted by the Pub- lic Health Service's Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control in cooperation with states, communities, and industries of the basin, Wheeling, W. Va., has been selected as project headquarters for the initial studies which are to be in the area drained by the Allegheny, Monongahela, Beaver, Muskingum, Hocking, Kanawha Rivers, and the Ohio River itself upstream from the mouth of the Kana- wha River. Acid mine drainage is probably the great- est single pollution problem in the basin and constitutes the greatest unknown factor with respect to satisfactory and economical means for pollution control and abatement, The object of the study is to assure the Ohio River Basin of high quality water which will help improve the economy and recrea- tional facilities of the area and protect the public health. At its peak of activity a staff of 40 to 50 engineers, chemists, biologists, and other scientific and supporting personnel will be required to collect and evaluate the plan's engineering and laboratory data. ape Ss | 5) ers v December 1962 Salmon INTERIOR DEPARTMENT TO INTERVENE IN NEW DON PEDRO (CALIF.) RESERVOIR PROJECT HEARING: To safeguard an average annual run of about 49,000 chinook salmon in California's Tuolumne River, the U. S. Department of the Interior announced its intention to inter- vene ina Federal Power Commission hear - ing on a license application for the proposed Don Pedro dam and reservoir project near La Grange, Calif, The salmon are an important interstate and international fishery resource, sup- porting sport and commercial fisheries, not only in California waters, but also in the Pacific Ocean off the coasts of Oregon, Washington, British Columbia and, probably southern Alaska, the Department said. Studies by the Department's Fish and Wildlife Service indicate that the new Don Pedro project, as proposed, would jeopar- dize the fish runs unless minimum flows downstream are guaranteed by the license applicants, the Turlock and Modesto Irriga- tion Districts. The project, in addition to producing hydroelectric power, will supply municipal water to the City of San Francis - co for marketing to localities and commun- ities outside the city. The application for a license to construct the dam was filed with the Federal Power Commission over a year ago, Since then, the California Department of Fish and Game and the Fish and Wildlife Service have held discussions with the applicants to try and reach a compromise that would allow the project to be constructed and still maintain the valuable fishery. This fishery annually produces about one million pounds of com - mercial salmon and provides 36,900 man- days of sport fishing. Under the terms requested in the appli- cation by the irrigation districts it would be possible to remove all the water from the Tuolumne River in dry years. Negotiators from the California Fish and Game Department, the City and County of San Francisco, and the irrigation districts drafted a proposed agreement on the prob- lem subject to ratification by their governing bodies. This agreement, however, was re- jected as inadequate by the California Fish and Game Commission at its meeting July COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 49 20, 1962. Following this rejection, the Fed- eral Power Commission scheduled a hear- ing on the project for October 16, 1962, in San Francisco. The Interior Department has now started action to intervene formally in the case and to participate in the hearing in order to pre- sent license conditions to protect adequate- ly the fishery resources of the Tuolumne River, Shrimp UNITED STATES SHRIMP SUPPLY INDICATORS, OCTOBER 1962: = { 1962 1961 1960 1959 | 1958 Item and Period serail O00 (EDS. pleads =Off) sisi scree Total landings, So, Atl. and Gulf States: Decembexrkicisiene s =) 6,538] 7,097] 8,716] 8,099 November ...... = 9,996] 14,454) 12,412] 12,416 October ....... | 13,000) 12,696] 21,690] 19,602] 16,461 January~September | 69,280] 62,165] 97,794] 89,929] 79,576 January~December a 91,395]141,035 130,659)116,55 Quantity canned, Gulf States 1/: | December fs). here 800 977) 1,278] 1,943 November...... = 2,215} 1,614] 2,312] 3,424 Octobersiv.asssteouewe 3,900) 2,310] 2,567] 2,531] 3,489 January=September January~December | 15,763] 28,594| 24,679 al 10,438] 23,436 scr Bes Frozen invéntories (as of end of each mo,) 2/: December 31-2. 5 19,755| 40,913] 37,866) 32,844 November 30.... oO 20,668) 37,264] 37,334] 30,211 Octoberwsipyie shee 18,944] 17,811] 31,209] 33,057] 24,620 September 30.... 14,111] 13,361] 24,492) 26,119] 18,079 AUgustislwemerenciens 12,754] 12,728) 20,171] 23,780] 15,274 DULY ASIG Penetenetlelelrs 13,677| 14,849] 17,397| 22,352] 12,351 February 28 .. 19,012] 37,612] 29,063] 27,555] 16,359 = Imports 3/: December... .. r 15,442] 12,411] 10,611] 10,448 November ...... = 14,852] 13,516] 10,269] 10,617 October swajcuntetene 4/ 16,813] 14,211] 15,340] 11,463 September ..... 9,696| 8,629] 8,190] 7,541| 7,620 | January-August .. | 79,647| 70,546] 65,090] 62,794| 45,246 January~December | 126,282|113,418|106,555| 85,394 ——- — ... (¢/lb., 26°30 Count, Heads~Off)... x=vessel price, all species So, Atl, and Gulf Ports: December... . o 75.2 54,2 48.4 70.8 November ...... 2 73.9. 54,0 46,2 69.0 October! waists. fi 0/5/9600 68.7 53.0 44,4 66.4 September...... |5/95.0 | 70.1 ye 46.4 65.6 August)... a). so. « /'9/93.0) | 6681 52.0 46.9 70.8 Julyaseictnet teres oi 90s0 55.8 54.6 49,2 72.6 January"June.... [ 81.0 53.8 56.7 | 66.5 74.9 Wholesale price for froz. domestic brown species (5~lb. pkg.) at Chicago, Ill,: December...... 2 91-92 |68-70 |64=66 |87"89 November ...... = 89-92 |69°73 |60765 |83-87 October ........{1117115| 83-90 |69°73 |59-62 |80~84 September ......|113°118] 87°90 |65-70 |62°64 |78-84 August .........|1107112| 76-91 |64-67 62-64 |81-86 JULVaeeRehe tensa = 70-75 |72°77 |62"74 |90-93 January*June... A\ 91-104] 67-72 |64-77 |70-88 |81-98 1/Pounds of headless shrimp determined by multiplying the number of standard cases by EEK 2/Raw headless only; excludes breaded, peeled and deveined, etc. 3/Includes fresh, frozen, canned, dried, and other shrimp products as reported by the Bureau of the Census. 4/Not available. 5/Estimated. Note: Data for 1962 and 1961 are preliminary. October 1962 data estimated from in- formation published daily by the New Orleans Fishery Market News Service. To con- vert shrimp to heads-on weight multiply by 1.68. Exes 50 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Tuna PACK IN UNITED STATES AND TERRITORIES IN 1962 AT RECORD HIGH: As of November 1 for the United States west coast and as of October 1 for Hawaii, AmericanSamoa, and Puerto Rico, this year's combined tuna pack for those areas totaled about 12.9 million cases--an increase of 800,000 cases or 6.6 percent as compared with the previous record pack in 1961 for the same period, The pack in the areas mentioned represents about 70 percent of the total pack in the United States, Ameri- can Samoa, and Puerto Rico, during 1962. The California tuna pack up to November 1 totaled 9.6 million cases in 1962, or an increase of 500,000 cases as compared to the same period in 1961. Up toOctober 1, the combined 1962 pack in Puerto Rico, American Samoa, and Hawaii of almost 2.8 million cases was over 400,000 cases more than at the same date in 1961, The increase was both in white meat and light meat tuna. SR SKa cE EES BLUEFIN TAGGED OFF CALIFORNIA: A total of 960 tagged bluefin tuna was re- leased from the commercial purse-seiner West Point August 13-23, 1962, by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, San Diego, in cooperation with the California Department of Fish and Game. Releases were made about 30 miles north of the 176-Fathom Spot (309° N., 117° W.), the 43-Fathom Spot (32936' N., 118906! W..), and 20 miles west of the north end of San Clemente Island (33000' N., 119900! W.). These releases are the first of a series de- signed to provide vital information on mi- gration, availability, and other aspects of the life history of this little-known tuna in the eastern north Pacific, Tags used are of standard yellow plastic dart-type design, identical to those used by the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Com- mission for marking of yellowfin and skip- jack, andare attached to the left side of the fish below and aft of the second dorsal fin. The tags are marked ''Return to California De- partment of Fish and Game," If you should catch a tagged bluefin, please preserve the specimen, Upon return to port, contact waterfront representatives of the Tuna Com- mission, California Department of Fishand Vol. 24, No. 12 Game, or U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries. Any one of these representatives will measure and check the condition of the fish, as well as take the tag from it. Be sure to record the date and location of capture. There is a $1.00 reward for the return of each prop- erly documented tag. SHARK-TUNA RELATIONSHIPS IN EASTERN PACIFIC UNDER STUDY: A study of sharks and their relationships with the tropical tuna species has beenstarted by scientists of the U. S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, San Diego. A total of 160 tagged sharks has been released, Of that number, 70 were released from the commercial fishing vessel Royal Pacific off Guatemala, Colombia, and Ecuador; the remainder were released from the com- mercial purse-seiner West Point off the Revilla Gigedo Islands. The tags are monel metal straps attached to the dorsal fin of the shark. A colored vinyl disk has been added on the latest tags to make them more conspicuous. Purse- seine fishermen are requested to look over all sharks taken in purse-seine hauls--a $1.00 reward will be paid to persons recov- ering the tags and noting the date and place of capture. foe United States Fisheries COMMERCIAL FISHERY LANDINGS, JANUARY-OCTOBER 1962: Landings: Landings of fish and shellfish in the United States during the first 10 months of 1962 were 63 million pounds or 2 percent more than during the same period a year earlier, The gain resulted’from sharply increased production of menhaden and Maine herring. Menhaden: Total landings for the first 10 months of 1962 amounted to 2,160.0 million pounds--about 21 million pounds more than during the same period in 1961. During October, there was a marked increase in landings all along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts as compared with October 1961. Salmon: On the basis of the reported pack of canned salm- on, it was estimated that the Alaska catch for the 1962 sea- son totaled approximately 280 million pounds--15 million pounds more than in 1961, Tuna: Landings in California (including transshipments of United States-caught fish from South America) totaled a- bout 257 million pounds to November 10, 1962--30 million pounds less than for the same period in 1961. Shrimp: South-Atlantic and Gulf States landings amount- ed to 16.4 million pounds in the first 9 months of 1962--an increase of 12 million pounds as compared with the same December 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 51 iz apa United States Commercial Fishery Landings for Periods [ao Shown, 1962 and 1961 Total Species Period 1/1 962 1961 1961 sledstee cen: (LOO Obs) himse mene aaa Calif... .|to Nov. 3 aa 5,762 7,712 od: Maine ey. nciiste ele eh i| Co NOS 1,700 1,908 2,507 IB OSTONMae ie tater Velfey | OMe 19,600 17,300 18,837 Gloucester ......|10 ”’ 3,100] -2,585| 3,358 Rotalkcodbryrce-mewskewevelmmene 24,400 21,793 24,702 (Haddock: al MAING Ya cyssteitecersie fei) (O. NOS. 1,500 1,881 2,940 BOSLOMM ets nouenomegisitel| Om ent2 74,700 73,800 84,093 Gloucester ....../10 7’ 13,600 12,722 15,025 Total haddock ........ 89,800 88,403] 102,058 + Halibut 2/ : ‘ AAS Kay eremenenensiene,|eso 20S. 27,100) 24,496 25,077 WiashadiOne pseu ewerel| me Oeenre 11,900} 14,121 14,947 Total halibut......... | 39,000/ 38,617 40,024 Herring, Maine .. 9 mos. 142,000 39,235, 54,463 SSS L Sas S Industrial Fish, Crows nest of a menhaden fishing vessel operating out of Reed- Me. & Mass.3/. . 10 mos 40,400] 40,18 41,851 ville. Va. Mackerel: : ACHAT attewarl cfieiietye oNov. 3 65,100) 70,438) 97,606 Ra Cificnweasesnsneie o Nov. 3 34,700) 31,688) 44,110 period in 1961, A slight upward trend took place in the land- Menhaden a Pa 10 mos. | 2,160,000 2,139,207 2,314,677 ings in all but three of the states. Weeanpenci. € 3 foe MEIGS Oe yobs 8mos.| 50,800] 55,606) 77,350 Mackerel: Jack mackerel landings of 65 million pounds Boston....... LOS. 700 559) 701 to November 3, 1962, fell slightly below the 70.4 million Gloucester ..... ./10 50,600] 49,876) 53,991 | pounds taken during the same period in 1961. Pacific mack- Total ocean perch ..... 102,100} 106,041] 132,042 erel with 34.7 million pounds exceeded by 3 million pounds eniman landi ‘Salmon: phe Ri gougancines cir ougliche;sameldate. Alaska........./year 279,700| 264,814] 264,814 Maine herring: Landings through September 1962 totaled Oregon). << 2)«\+ pos Ae ee8 eee 142 million pounds--up sharply from the 39.2 million pounds California. ... + —_ Gilt {i BCs taken during the first 9 months of 1961. Sardine, Pacific oNov. 15] 13,300 31,333) 43,169 Scallops, sea, New Bedford (meats) 10 mos. 17,000) 17,534 20,648 Shrimp (heads-on): So, Atl, & Gulf 9 mos, 116,400} 104,436) 153,544 Washington.... Om es 1,400 751 1,464 Oregon ...... Gye 1,000 224 1,427 Squid, California 9 mos 7,100) 1,360) 5,410 Tuna, California . oONov.10| 257,300} 286,890) 307,263 Whiting: IMaING | Jitehetevenete 8 mos, 17,500 13,761 14,147 Boston psciicie st0 LON 200 99 144 Gloucester .... LO ge 4,700 49,189 51,598 Total whiting......... | 22,400] 63,049[ 65,889 =— — Total all above items ... 3,422,100]3,361,234| 3,738,575 Othe nthe Pwarcitetetier sites ek ete | 855.200 663,530)1,442,196 GrandUhotaliweleh anise leriehs 4,087,800 Liga teal eo ai |1/Preliminary. 2/Dressed weight. [3/Excludes menhaden. eae landings for species not listed. lote: Finfish generally converted to round weight, crustaceans to weight in the shell, and mollusks reported in meats only. R v4 In some areas, shell oysters are brought to the shucking plants in bags. Shuckers may be paid by the number of bags shucked rather than by the volume of shucked oysters, This is the rea- son for compartmented benches in this New Orleans oyster shucking plant. sks 1K OK He OK ook FISH STICKS AND PORTIONS PRODUCTION, JULY-SEPTEMBER 1962: United States production of fish sticks amounted to 15.8 million pounds and that of fish portions was 18.5 million pounds during the third quarter of 1962, according to pre~ liminary data, This was a gain of nearly 1 percent in fish sticks and 26 percent in portions as compared with the same 52 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW |Table 1-U.S. Production of Fish Sticks by Months and al July-September 1962 1/ Month Cooked Raw | Total ee Mecrocome e WWW Go.0-0 0.0 Gan 00 3,262 SOL 3,613 [Atuipus theveieieilst sizelieteneis Gyre kts} 381 5,696 September.) ./. «i: «) 10 6,005 501 6,506 ; === Total 3rd Qtr. 1962 1/ 14,582 A2i3/3: 15815) Total 3rd Qtr. 1961 . 14,450 1,258 15,70 Tot. 1st 9 mos, 1962 1/ 49,049 3,725 52,774 —+ Tot. lst9mos, 1961 . 48,172 3,608 51,780 = Tot, Jan.-Dec, 1961 . 65,006 4,813 “liasceus 1/Preliminary . Table 2 - U. S. Production of Fish Sticks by Areas, July-September 1962 and 1961 Area 1/1962 2/1961 No, of 1,000 No, of | 1,000 Firms Lbs. Firms Lbs. tlantic Coast States 20 12,789 22 12,625 nland & Gulf States . 4 1,765 6 1,647 acific Coast States . 8 1,261 10 1,436 Miotaly Me tense crete 32 15,815 38 15,708 [1/Preliminary . 2/Revised. ' [fable 3- U.S. Production of Fish Sticks by Months, 1958-1962] = Month vi962] 2/1961 1960 | 1959 1958 siketeinerelesstieseris (CL OOOMEDS i wewercienetlente s JANUATY Ast smeliel eveite 6,104 6,091 Gh al 6,277] 5,471 February ......| 6,859 7,092 6,542 6,352 | 5,925 Marchisi sp eseten sie: « 7,706 7,233 7,844 5,604] 5,526 Ato il lexeseicehenerenei 6 5,480 55599 4,871 4,717] 4,855 WERE RSE O80 hb tye 5,609 5,129 3,707 4,407] 4,229 TUNER iereniateteretens 5,058 4,928 4,369 4,583 | 4,702 Ou lyabisdet skeensae 3,613 355/09 3,691 3,790 | 4,574 MUSUS tiscensmeneiette fs 5,696 6,927 5,013 3,879 | 4,358 September pai. sv. 6,506 5,206 5,424 5,353] 5,328 Octoberi cites shea os 6,133 6,560 5,842 | 5,485 Novemberty, is. « = 6,288 6,281 4,831 | 5,091 Decembets er. nenece r 5,618 5,329 4,743 | 5,467 Ta =f |SeieeRotaliveaesewects i = is 69,819 | 65,142 60,378 | 61,011 [i/ Preliminary . 2/Revised. quarter of 1961, The increase in portions was due mainly to greater production of raw breaded portions (up 3.8 million pounds), Cooked fish sticks (14,6 million pounds) made up 92 per= cent of the fish stick total, The remaining 8 percent con- sisted of raw fish sticks. A total of 18 million pounds of breaded fish portions (of which 15 million pounds were raw) and 537,000 pounds of unbreaded portions were processed during the third quarter of 1962, Plants on the Atlantic Coast produced the bulk of the fish sticks and portions--22,4 million pounds, The Gulf and in- land States produced 10 million pounds, and the Pacific Coast States, 1.9 million pounds, i Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. During the first 9 months of 1962, fish stick production of 52,8 million pounds was up 2 percent, and the fish por- Vol, 24, No, 12 tions production of 55,3 million pounds was up 31 percent as compared with the first 9 months of 1961, UNITED STATES PRODUCTION OF FISH STICKS AND PORTIONS, 1960 - 1962 Million pounds May Jure July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Table 4 - U, S. Production of Fish Portions by Months and Type, July-September 1962 !/ [ Breaded Month ooked | Raw | Total | Unbreaded| Total sMefeltemaiemauemene (VGOOOL TED Si) aie eeeenel mene Jul yprretes neice he 486 3,998 4,484 222 AU BUSI eresenaive 957 5,565 6,522 140 September 1,561 5,423 6,984 | 147{5) 4 — Tot. 3rd Qtr. 1962 2c 3,004 14,986 | 17,990 537 18,527 Le Tot. 3rd Qtr. 19 Gerensue 2,597 {11,633 | 14,230 440 14,670 — = = Tot, 1st 9mos. 1962 1/. .. 9,743 |43,995 | 53,738 1,580 55,318 Tot. lst 9mos, NYG Gms 7,485 |33,219 | 40,704 1,404 42,108 => Tot, Jan.-Dec,. LOGI ceo OOSM 4683 eot G86 2,061 59,847 1/Preliminary. Table 5 - U, S, Production of Fish Portions by Months, 1958-1962 Month 1/1962 | 2/1961 tL November December : , Totals reer. syeishe 59,847 37,147 | 21, 2/Revised. 1/Preliminary. December 1962 Table 6 - Production of Fish Portions by Areas, July-September 1962 and 1961 4 Area | 1/1962 2/1961 No. of 1,000 No. of 1,000 Firms Lbs. Firms Lbs, Atlantic Coast States} 23 9,601 23 8,744 Inland & Gulf States 7 8,258 12 5,578 Pacific Coast States 8 668 6 348 GUOUEW AG ano nino 38 18,527 41 | 14,670 /Preliminary. 2/Revised. U. S. Fishing Vessels DOCUMENTATIONS ISSUED AND CANCELLED, SEPTEMBER 1962: During September 1962, a total of 26 ves- sels of 5 net tons and over were issued first documents as fishing craft, as compared with 22 in September 1961, There were 36 doc- uments cancelled for fishing vessels in Sep- tember 1962 as compared with 25 in Septem- ber 1961, Table 1-U.S. Fishing Vessels+/ --Documentations Issued and Cancelled, by Areas, September 1962 with Comparisons Area September} Jan.-Sept. Total (Home Port) 1962 1961] 1962 1961 1961 r = HAGNB Ea Khe) ig Graded Geo Issued first documents 2/: New England........ 2 1 24 27 33 Middle Atlantic ...... 3 2 2 11 12 Chesapeake ........ 3 5 29 48 75 South Atlantic). 25. 2). . 6 6 Si 40 47 (Guull fevenemeicncienewoncns rete is) 4 87 87 100 ACLU Chew eitericctetlessel: en evi otic 5 4| 115 141 149 GreatiWakesyicn.. sc. «ie 1 3 3 11 12 PuertoyRicowe is ne = cs 2 2 —{ Mota wwe csivers sedereil {i 26h e22n|e2 or 367 430 Removed from documentation 3/; New England........ 5 2 19 15 20 Middle Atlantic ...... 3 4 31 23 34 Chesapeake....... Ga 2 1 27 28 South Atlantic ....... 4 2 21 30 Gull farm temewenromelsier siic\rs) 5 7 fel 103 IP ACITICH yemereheieaejehslie! sis 4 8 71 112 Great Lakesiicy. lc « 3 1 13 14 Hawailteyeresiensteners) oss = z i a FEDERAL § ~¢ ACTIONS COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 87 Anacortes is in Skagit County, Wash., which was designated as eligible to partici- pate in the Area Redevelopment program be- cause of persistent and substantial unem- ployment and underemployment over an ex- tended period of time. The Small Business Administration in- vestigated the Anacortes project and made recommendations which led to approval of the loan by ARA. The U. S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries also played a key role in the investigations which preceded ARA ap- proval of the project. Department of Health, Education and Welfare FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION SURVEY OF STATE AND LOCAL FOOD AND DRUG LAWS: A survey of state and local food and drug laws and the facilities for their enforcement will get under way this year, according to an October 15, 1962, announcement by the Com- missioner of the U. S. Food and Drug Admin- istration. The survey, long sought by state and Fed- eral food and drug officials, is made possible by $300,000 which Congress included in this year's appropriation for the Federal agency. Representatives of the Association of Food and Drug Officials of the United States and the Food and Drug Administration held a planning session October 5. The objective of the survey is to deter- mine what improvements are needed inlaws, resources, and facilities of agencies con- cerned with protecting consumers of foods, drugs, devices, cosmetics, and household chemical products. The study will be made by a nonprofit research organization outside the Government. 88 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE SHELLFISH SANITATION CENTERS TO BE IN OPERATION IN 1963: The new shellfish sanitation research centers at Kingston, R. I., and Dauphin Is- land, Ala., of the U. S. Public Health Service are expected to be in operation by July 1963. Both centers will engage in research de- signed to assess pollution dangers in shell- fish growing areas and develop new ways to safeguard the sanitary quality of market oysters, clams, and mussels. Scientific staffs in both centers will en- gage in microbiological, radiological, and toxicological studies as well as give techni- cal assistance and training to state person- nel engaged in shellfish sanitation activities. An estimated 65 scientists, technologists, and supporting staff will be employed in the Kingston facility to provide research and training assistance to New England shellfish- growing states. An estimated staff of 35 will be employed at Dauphin Island to provide such support to South Atlantic and Gulf Coast shellfish-growing states. Recruitment of bacteriologists, chemists, laboratory technicians, marine biologists, oceanographers, sanitary engineers and others is currently under way by the Serv- ice's Division of Environmental Engineering and Food Protection, Washington 25, D. C. Department of the Interior UNITED STATES STRIVES TO REHABILITATE ITS FISHING INDUSTRY: The most intensive oceanographic research program in the history of the United States, part of an Administration drive to rehabilitate the Nation’s fishing industry, was cited in October 1962 by Secretary of the Interior Stewart L. Udall as ‘‘a vital part of an unequalled conservation record attained to date through Departmental actions and those of the 87th Congress,’’ His remarks accompanied the submis~ sion of a 32-page report outlining what he termed ‘‘an all- time high-water mark in conservation and resource manage- ment.’’ The report’s section on oceanography cites the ‘‘long- overdue recognition’’ provided marine research, involving the building of three new ocean-going laboratories, the con- version of two Navy tugs for the same purpose, and the commissioning in early 1963 of the all-season, all-weather fishery research Albatross IV. During coming months, work also will start on new fisheries research laboratories at La Jolla, Calif., Ann Arbor, Mich., Beaufort, N. C., and Seatthe, Wash. Additional recognition of the growing need for knowledge, particularly among young students, of our fishery resources, Vol. 24, No. 12 was provided by Congress in authorizing expenditure of $10 million to provide the Nation’s Capital with an outstanding fishery research center and aquarium, ‘‘Fishing as a United States industry has in many areas lagged competitively behind other nations that are making great technological strides,’’ Secretary Udall said. To re- store the prosperity of the United States fishing industry and to guarantee consumers ample supplies of protein-rich fish- ery products, accelerated programs are under way involving laboratory research, ocean surveys, construction of hatch- eries, fish-survival facilities at dams, and provisions for in- dustry loans. ‘‘Additionally, through research conducted by U.S, Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries scientists, the United States has now taken a lead in an intensified program to develop a marketable fish protein concentrate which not only can pro- vide an important economic stimulus to the domestic fishing industry, but can provide a dramatic new answer to the world’s hunger problems,’’ Secretary Udall estimated there are approximately from 7 to 9 million tons of fish not presently harvested in United States waters that can be utilized to produce fish protein concentrate (FPC), ‘‘Processing FPC will allow our fishing fleets to become year-round operations, rather than season- al,’’ he said, Other high points in the conservation accomplishments re- port included: 1. A vigorous new Water Pollution Control Act is mount- ing a full-scale attack on one of our most destructive forms of waste; 2, National investment in water conservation and develop- ment projects has reached an all-time high, including two major reclamation projects. 3. A new marine laboratory has been established at Sandy Hook, N. J., to study management of salt-water sport fish--the basis of a growing industry, and a national reser- voir fishery research program has been launched with es~ tablishment of two new research centers in South Dakota and Arkansas, 4, At President Kennedy’s request, a special Interagency Committee on Oceanography has been established to coordi- nate an expanded long-range program of oceanographic re- search designed to meet the divergent needs of commerce, defense, atomic energy development, and production of min- eral and fishery resources, 5. Educational grants have been provided oceanographeis and other marine scientists; vast areas of the ocean are be- ing surveyed; new programs, both construction and research, are under way to assist salmon migration over dams; more than a million dollars in ARA loans has provided economic stimulus and a fishing vessel construction subsidy program is under way in New England. 6. Valuable new progress has been made in studies of diseases and pesticides as a result of the establishment of the new Federal Pest Control Review Board. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES NEW ASSISTANT REGIONAL DIRECTOR APPOINTED FOR GREAT LAKES AND CENTRAL REGION: Ernest D. Premetz, Assistant Chief of the Branch of Marketing, U. S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries, Washington, D. C., has December 1962 been appointed Assistant Regional Director of the Bureau's Great Lakes and Central Re- gion, with headquarters at Ann Arbor, Mich., the Department of the Interior announced on October 18, 1962. The appointment was ef- fective October 28. The Great Lakes and Central Region in- cludes Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, lowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Mis- souri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Okla- homa, South Dakota, Tennessee, Wisconsin, and those portions of New York and Pennsyl- vania bordering the Great Lakes. Premetz entered Federal service as an aquatic biologist in 1949. As Fishery Re- search Biologist, he was associated with the flounder and haddock investigations at New Bedford and Woods Hole, Massachusetts, until 1954, when he was assigned to Washing- ton, D. C., to participate in the Departmental Management Training Program. He joined the Branch of Marketing in August 1955 and headed up the industrial utilization program in the Great Lakes area with headquarters at Sheffield Lake, Ohio. Later, he was detailed to Washington, D. C., for 3 months as amem- ber of a 4-man task force to help develop a long-range program for the Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries; and in May 1958, he was transferred to Washington, D. C., as Assist- ant Chief, Branch of Marketing. SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE TWO FISHERY RESEARCH STATIONS DEDICATED: Two Fish and Wildlife Service fishery research stations, one in Wisconsin for fish population control studies and one in Arkansas to work on fish~farming experiments, were ded- icated during the week of October 21, 1962, the U.S, Depart ment of the Interior announced, The Fish-Farming Experimental Station was dedicated October 21, at Stuttgart, Ark, The work at that station is designed to find ways of growing fish profitably in conjunc- tion with rice and other agricultural crops, This station has a modern laboratory, fishholding facilities, shop, ga- rage, and storage buildings, plus several reservoirs and holding ponds, Some of the problems to be solved are: water quality and levels; control of aquatic vegetation; overpopulation; preda- tion; disease and parasite infestations; feeding; and brood stock selection, The station is under the administration of the Fish and Wildlife Service’s Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. The Service’s Bureau of Commercial Fisheries is cooperat- ing on improving processing, merchandising, and distribut- ing methods for fishery products produced through fish~ farming techniques, The Fish-Control Laboratory in La Crosse, Wis., was dedicated on October 25 in conjunction with the Tri=State Fishery Conference, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 89 The Fish=Control Laboratory at La Crosse was estab= lished to develop the necessary tools for controlling unwant- ed fish populations. Although the search for better chemical toxicants will be the initial objective of the station, other methods of control will also be studied, Chemical removal of fish populations is not new. The technique was largely developed in the North=Central States and has been widely used for decades, These toxicants will not harm other forms of wildlife living in or near the water or human beings who might drink the water. Future empha~ sis, however, will be on the search for toxicants that will be even more selective, controlling certain unwanted fish with- out harming the more desirable kinds, To carry out this intensive research program, a Staff of chemists, biologists, and other specialists has been assem~ bled at the La Crosse station, Considerable remodeling of buildings has been completed to provide adequate research facilities, These two research Stations of the U.S, Fish and Wild- life Service are expected to make a major contribution toward improved fresh=water sport and commercial fishing, oro Department of Labor WAGE AND HOUR AND PUBLIC CONTRACTS DIVISIONS EXPIRATION DATE EXTENDED ON HANDICAPPED WORKER CERTIFICATES ISSUED TO SHELLFISH INDUSTRY: The expiration date of handicapped worker certificates issued to workers in the shellfish industry has been extended to January 31, 1963. The extension was made by the U. S. Department of Labor under Section 524.12 of 29 CFR Part 524 pending completion of anal- ysis of a survey of the shellfish industry con- ducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U. S. Department of Labor. The survey by that Bureau may affect future Department of Labor rulings concerning the shellfish in- dustry. In the case of new applications for handicapped worker certificates submitted before January 31, 1963, present standards and procedures will continue to be used in the issuance of certificates. se oske oskeosle oske bt) ab ee di CONDITIONS GOVERNING EMPLOYMENT OF LEARNERS AT SUBMINIMUM WAGE RATES: The conditions governing the issuance of a certificate by the U. S. Department of Labor authorizing the employment of learners at wage rates below the statutory minimum are described in Section 522.5 of 29 CFR Part 522, Employment of Learners, as follows: Section 522.5: Conditions governing is- suance of a learner certificate. 90 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW The following conditions shall govern the issuance of a special certificate authorizing the employment of learners at subminimum wage rates: (a) An adequate supply of qualified ex- perienced workers is not available for em- ployment; the experienced workers presently employed in the plant in occupations in which learners are requested are afforded an op- portunity, to the fullest extent possible, for full-time employment; learners are available for employment; and the granting of a certif- icate is necessary in order to prevent cur- tailment of opportunities for employment. (b) Reasonable efforts have been made to recruit experienced workers, including the placement of an order with the local State or Territorial Public Employment Service Office (except in possessions where there is no such office) not more than fifteen days prior to the date of application. Written evidence from such office that the order has been placed shall be submitted by the employer with the application. (c) The issuance of a learner certificate will not tend to create unfair competitive labor cost advantages nor have the effect of impairing or depressing wage or working standards established for experienced work- ers for work of a like or comparable char- acter in the industry. (d) Abnormal labor conditions such as a strike, a lock-out, or other similar condi- tion, do not exist at the plant for which a learner certificate is requested. (e) There are no serious outstanding vio- lations of the provisions of a learner certif- icate previously issued to the company, nor have there been any serious violations of the act which provide reasonable grounds tocon- clude that the terms of a certificate may not be complied with, if issued. (f{) The occupation or occupations in which learners are to receive training involve a sufficient degree of skill to necessitate an appreciable training period. (g) Learners shall be afforded every reasonable opportunity for continued em- ployment upon completion of the learning period. Vol. 24, No. 12 U. S. Tariff Commission PROPOSED CHANGES IN IMPORT TARIFF SCHEDULES INCLUDE FROZEN FISH BLOCKS AND MONOFILAMENT GILL NETS: A proposal for a Fourth Supplemental Re- port of changes in the Tariff Schedules of the United States necessary to reflect changes made in the tariff treatment of imported ar- ticles as set forth by various statutes and administrative and judicial rulings has been made public. The notice by the U.S. Tariff Commission was published in the Federal Register of October 31, 1962. The only fishery product listed is frozen fish slabs, andthe description reads: ''skinned or boned, whether or not divided into pieces, and frozen into slabs each weighing over 10 pounds, imported to be minced, ground, or processed into fish sticks.'' The proposed change will remove the fish slabs or blocks from items Number 110.50, 110.55, 110.57, 110.60, 110.61, and establishes a new class 110.47. ''The change incorporates the sub- stance of customs practices based upon re- cent court rulings (Customs Decisions 2327 and 2340). The principle of these rulings cannot be effectively administered except by following the fish into consumption.'’ These decisions provide for entry of fish blocks or slabs under paragraph 720(b) of the Tariff Act of 1930 which carries a rate of 1 centa pound rather than duties which could range from 1% to 23 cents a pound under paragraph 717(b). Also listed are monofilament gill nets, and the change provides for the free importa- tion of that type net for fish sampling. A public hearing was held on November 16, 1962, in the Tariff Commission Building, Washington, D. C. a pie a \ z= ae oa Treasury Department COAST GUARD AMENDED FEDERAL REGULATIONS FOR PORT SECURITY CARDS: A change has been announced in the Fed- eral Regulations for Coast Guard Port Se- curity Cards. The new regulations became effective on publication in the Federal Reg- ister of November 15, 1962. December 1962 (a) Only the following persons may be issued Coast Guard Port Security Cards: 1. Persons regularly employed on ves - sels or on waterfront facilities. 2. Persons having regular public or private business connected with the operation, maintenance, oradmin- istration of vessels, their cargoes, or waterfront facilities. (b) A holder of a Merchant Mariner's Document, Validated for Emergency Service, shall not be issued a Port Security Card, un- less he surrenders the Merchant Mariner's Document to the Coast Guard. In this con- nection, see Section 125.09. The regulations are covered by Title 33-- Navigation and Navigable Waters, Chapter 1--Coast Guard, Department of the Treasury, Subchapter L, Section 125.17. © “a Eighty -Seventh Congress (Second Session!) The 87th Congress adjourned ''sine die" on October 13, 1962. Bills not completed during this Congress are "dead" and do not carry over to the 88th Congress, which will convene on Jan- uary 9, 1963. This means that bills if and when re- introduced must go through the entire process of committee considera- tion, hearings etc. GLOUCESTER HARBOR (MASS.) IM- PROVEMENT: H. Doc. 341, Gloucester Harbor, Massachusetts, Letter from the Secretary of the Army transmitting a letter from the Chief of Engineers, Department of the Army, dated Oct. 6, 1961, submitting a report, together with accompanying papers and an illustration, requested by resolutions of the Committee on Public Works, House of Representatives, adopted Mar. 30, 1955. GREAT LAKES HARBORS STUDY: H. Doc. 340, Great Lakes Harbors Study--Second Interim Report on Erie Harbor, Pennsylva- transmitting a letter from the Chief of En- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW il gineers, Department of the Army, Dated Oct. 6, 1961, submitting a report, together with accompanying papers and an illustra- tion, requested by resolutions of the Com- mittees on Public Works, United States Sen- ate and House of Representatives, adopted May 18, 1956 and June 27, 1956. H. Doc. 415, Great Lakes Harbors Study-- Interim Report on Conneaut Harbor, Ohio, Letter from the Secretary of the Army trans - mitting a letter from the Chief of Engineers, Department of the Army, dated Jan. 17,1962, submitting a report, together with accompa- nying papers and an illustration, requested by resolutions of the Committees on Public Works, United States Senate and House of Representatives, adopted May 18,1956, June 27, 1956, and June 3, 1959, respectively. It is also in full response to a resolution of the Committee on Public Works, House of Rep- resentatives, adopted Apr. 13, 1948. H. Doc. 496, Great Lakes Harbors Study -- Interim Report on Kenosha Harbor, Wiscon- sin, Letter from the Secretary of the Army transmitting a letter from the Chief of En- gineers, Department of the Army, dated June 20, 1962, submitting a report, together with accompanying papers and an illustration, re- quested by resolutions of the Committees on Public Works, United States Senate and House of Representatives, adopted May 18, 1956, April 30, 1957, and June 27, 1956. It is in final response to a resolution of the Com- mittee on Public Works, House of Repre- sentatives, adopted July 31, 1957. H. Doc. 474, Great Lakes Study--Interim Report on the Muskegon Harbor, Michigan, Letter from the Secretary of the Army trans- mitting a letter from the Chief of Engineers, Department of the Army, dated Apr. 30, 1962, submitting a report, together with accompa- nying papers and an illustration, requested by resolutions of the Committees on Public Works, United States Senate and House of Representatives, adopted May 18, 1956, and June 27, 1956. H. Doc. 451, Great Lakes Harbors Study-- Second Interim Report on the Buffalo Harbor, New York, Letter from the Secretary of the Army transmitting a letter from the Chief of Engineers, Department of the Army, dated May 18, 1962, submitting a report, together with accompanying papers and an illustra- tion, requested by resolutions of the Com- mittees on Public Works, United States Sen- 92 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW ate and House of Representatives, adopted May 18, 1956 and June 27, 1956. HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS: S. Doc. 106, Key West Harbor, Florida, Letter from the Secretary of the Army transmitting a letter from the Chief of Engineers, Department of the Army, dated June 1, 1962, submitting a report, together with accompanying papers and an illustration, requested by a resolution of the Committee on Public Works, United States Senate, adopted Mar. 15, 1951. H. Doc. 500, Searsport Harbor, Maine, Letter from the Secretary of the Army trans- mitting a letter from the Chief of Engineers, Department of the Army, dated June 22, 1962, submitting a report, together with accompa- nying papers and an illustration, requested by a resolution of the Committee on Public Works, House of Representatives, adopted June sd, 199: H. Doc. 482, Portsmouth Harbor and Piscataqua River, Maine and New Hampshire, mitting a letter from the Chief of Engineers, Department of the Army, dated June 1, 1962, submitting a report, together with accompa- nying papers and illustrations, requested by resolutions of the Committees on Public Works, United States Senate and House of Representatives, adopted Nov. 18, 1958, and June 3, 1959. S. Doc. 101, Tacoma Harbor, Port Indus- trial and Hylebos Waterways, Washington, Letter from the Secretary of the Army trans - Vol. 24, No. 12 mitting a letter from the Chief of Engineers, Department of the Army, dated May 4, 1962, submitting a report, together with accompa- nying papers and illustrations, requested by a resolution of the Committee on Public Works, United States Senate, adopted May 27, 1955. MEDICAL CARE FOR VESSEL PERSON- NEL: Medical Care for Self-Employed Fish- ermen (Hearing before the Merchant Marine and Fisheries Subcommittee of the Com- mittee on Commerce, U. S. Senate, 87th Con- gress, 2nd Session, on S. 367, to provide medical care for certain persons engaged on board a vessel in the care, preservation, or navigation of such vessel May 2, 1962), 90 pp., printed. Contains statements given by personnel of various Federal agencies and industry people; letters and various other correspondence submitted to the Committee; and reports from Federal agencies. TRADE EXPANSION ACT OF 1962: H. Doc. 598, Free Trade, Tariff Legislation, and Common Markets for the Western Hem- isphere: A Collection of Excerpts and Se-- Iected References, House of Representatives, 87th Congress, 2nd Session, 76 pp., printed (prepared by the Economics Division, Leg- islative Reference Service, Library of Con- gress). Contains excerpts and selected bibliography on free trade and protective tariffs, the 1962 trade expansion legislative proposals, and excerpts and selected ref- erences on Western Hemisphere common markets. Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior--America’s Department of Natural Resources--is concerned with the management, conservation, and development of the Nation's water, fish, wild- life, mineral, forest, and park and recreational resources. Indian and Territorial affairs. As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department works to assure that nonre- newable resources are developed and used wisely, that park and recreational resources are con- served for the future, and that renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress Prosperity, and security of the United States--now and in the future. ; It also has major responsibilities for December 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 93 SSS CHART | - FISHERY LANDINGS for SELECTED STATES eee ee ee ee eel MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC NORTH CAROLINA, SOUTH CAROLINA, AND GEORGIA sr] sip CUMULATIVE DATA 9 MQS. 1962 - 132.0 9 |, 1961 - 138.6 12 1961 - 187. JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC CALIFORNIA 2/ OREGON CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA 12 mgs. 19617 49 12 19 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC T/ONLY PARTIAL--INCLUDING PRODUCTION OF MAJOR FISHERIES AND MARKET FISH JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC LANDINGS AT PRINCIPAL PORTS, 94 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 12 CHART 2 - LANDINGS for SELECTED FISHERIES In Millions of Pounds LEGENO: HADDOCK (Maine and Massachusetts) CUMULATIVE | DATA) Q mgs. 1962 - 95.9 3/9 ai) 961i =9 196157, 12 1961 - 123.3 OCEAN PERCH (Maine and Massachusetts) CUMULATIVE DATA 9 MQS. 1962 - 105.8 9 , 1961 - 109.4 12 1961 - 132.2 SHRIMP (Gulf States! including Florida West Coast) CUMULATIVE DATA WHITING (Maine and Massachusetts) CUMULATIVE DATA | 9 MpS. 1962 - 71.6 CF 1961 - 73 re 12 1961 - 86 QMQs. 1962 - 96.7 9, 1961 - 9. 12 1961 - 13: JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC T/LA. & ALA. DATA BASED ON LANDINGS AT PRINCIPAL PORTS AND ARE WOT COM- PLETE. JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC In Thousands MENH/.DEN (East and Gulf Coasts) PACIFIC AND JACK MACKEREL (California) CUMULATIVE DATA 10 MQS. 1962 - 1,082.9 10 | 1961 - 1)069.6 12 1961 - 13141.5 Ai MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC PILCHARD TUNA AND TUNALIKE FISH (California) CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA ut SEASON 10 mgs. 1962 13 Snare aaah 10 i 1961 - 1 1961/62 SEASON, 12 1961 - 4 AUG.-OCT, - 12. 1961/62 SEASON, TOTAL - 22. LEGEND: 1962/63 1961/62 SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY UAN FES MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC December 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 95 CHART 3 - COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS and FREEZINGS _| of FISHERY PRODUCTS * In Millions of Pounds LEGEND: U. S. HOLDINGS a U. S. FREEZINGS 10 MQS. 10 ft 12 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC NEW ENGLAND HOLDINGS |/ JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 2/ALL EAST COAST STATES FROM N. Y. SOUTH. GULF & SOUTH CENTRAL HOLDINGS#/ JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC B/OH10, IND., ILL., MICH., WIS., MINN., OWA, MO., N. DAK., NEBR. & KANS. A A/ALA., MISS., LA., TEX., ARK., KY., & TENN, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND ALASKA HOLDINGS CALIFORNIA HOLDINGS JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC * Excludes salted, cured, and smoked products. 96 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 12 CHART 4 - RECEIPTS and COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS of FISHERY PRODUCTS at PRINCIPAL DISTRIBUTION CENTERS In Millions of Pounds 1/ = a RECEIPTS — AT WHOLESALE SALT-WATER MARKET 22 (Fresh and Frozen) NEW YORK y JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC T/INCLUDE TRUCK ANO RAIL IMPORTS FROM CANADA AND DIRECT VESSEL LANDINGS AT NEW YORK CITY. RECEIPTS AT WHOLESALE MARKET (Fresh and Frozen) CHICAGO SEATTLE WHOLESALE MARKET RECEIPTS, LANDINGS, & IMPORTS (Fresh and Frozen) CUMULATIVE DATA 10 M 962 - 83.2 if 1961 - 63.8 12 1961 - 97.3 LEGEND: 1962 ——— 1961 COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS 2! COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC BOSTON COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS FISH MEAL (In Thousands of Tons) CUMULATIVE DATA 10 MQS. 1962 - 275,. ORs, 1961 - 268. 12 1961 - 311. JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC FISH OIL (In Millions of Gallons) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC December 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW CHART 6- CANNED PACKS of SELECTED FISHERY PRODUCTS In Thousands of Standard Cases LEGEND: TUNA AND TUNALIKE FISH - CALIFORNIA UR gga ———- 196) CUMULATIVE DATA 10 MgS. 1962 - 9,751.2 10 |, 1961 - 9,099.7 1961 - 10)764.3 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC ANCHOVIES - CALIFORNIA CUMULATIVE DATA JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC SARDINES! (Estimated) - MAINE CUMULATIVE DATA 2/ 700}: 1962 season, OEC.-OCT. - 2,073.1 1961 SEASON, JAN.-OCT . - 623.8 1961 SEASON, TOTAL - 753.6 SARDINES - CALIFORNIA re GENRE ————-_—11 962/63 CUMULATIVE DATA ——— 1961/62 1962/63 SEASON, AUG. -OCT, 1961/62 SEASON, AUG. -OCT . 1961/62 SEASON, —_—— AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY MACKEREL sie CALIFORNIA CUMULATIVE DATA 10) JAN FEB CUMULATIVE DATA 4 MQS. 1962 - 3,420.4 a 1967 12 1961 ol Rs JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC STANDARD CASES | Variety No.Cans Designation Net Wet. SARDINES..... 100 3 drawn 32 oz. SHRIMP....... 48 ==) 5 oz. EDU INAS aye fetelsier 48 #3 tuna 6&7 oz, PILCHARDS... 48 # 1 oval 15 oz. SALMON...... 48 1-Ib. tall 16 oz. ANCHOVIES... 48 37lb. 8 oz. 280 240 200 160 120 80 SHRIMP - GULF STATES CUMULATIVE DATA 1962/63 SEASON, AUG.-OCT. - 219.6 1961/62 SEASON, AUG.-OCT. = 117.2 ——] 1961/62 SEASON, TOTAL - 588.6 0 — AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY 97 98 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 12 CHART 7 - U.S. FISHERY PRODUCTS IMPORTS | In Millions of Pounds GF “UNDFISH (including Ocean Perch) FILLETS LEGEND: FILLETS & STEAKS OTHER THAN GROUNDFISH Fresh and Frozen) ms 1062 (Fresh and Frozen) CUMULATIVE DATA ERETRESE 106 CUMULATIVE DATA 9 MAS. 1962 - 164.9 . 1962 - 54.4 9 | 1961 A = 1961 - 49.2 12 1961 B 1961 - 68.7 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC SHRIMP FROM MEXICO (Fresh and Frozen) CUMULATIVE DATA Q MQS. 1962 - 47.3 1961 - 43.2 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC SATE TUR SE A ale eS Tuna2! SEA HERRING, FRESH, THROUGH MAINE PORTS (Fresh and Frozen) CUMULATIVE DATA 8 MQS. 1962 32.0 8 te 1961 31.1 12 1961 - 43.6 CUMULATIVE DATA 9 MgS. 1962 - 22. 9 id 1961 - 1 12 1961 - 19 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC pitshs IMPORTS OF CANNED TUNA AND TUNALIKE FISH CANNED SARDINES (in Oil and in Brine) in Oil and not in Oil CUMULATIVE DA CUMULATIVE DATA 1961 - 49.9 1961 - 69.0 JAN FEB MAR_APR_MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC December 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW whe) = one ONS FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE PUBLICATIONS THESE PROCESSED PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE FREE FROM THE OFFICE OF INFORMATION, U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, WASH- INGTON 25, D. C. TYPES OF PUBLICATIONS ARE DESIGNATED AS FOL- LOWS: CFS - CURRENT FISHERY STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES. FL - FISHERY LEAFLETS. MNL - REPRINTS OF REPORTS ON FOREIGN FISHERIES. SEP.- SEPARATES (REPRINTS) FROM COMMERCIAL FISHERIES RE- VIEW. SL - STATISTICAL LISTS OF DEALERS IN AND PRODUCERS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS AND BYPRODUCTS, SSR.- FISH. - SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORTS--FISHERIES (LIM- ITED DISTRIBUTION). Number Title CFS-2977 - Massachusetts Landings, May 1962, 5 pp. CFS-2980 - Frozen Fish Report, August 1962, 8 pp. CFS-2986 - Fish Meal and Oil, July 1962, 2 pp. CFS-2987 - Middle Atlantic Fisheries, 1961 Annual Summary, 7 pp. CFS-2989 - New York Landings, July 1962, 4 pp. CFS-2991 - Maine Landings, July 1962, 4 pp. CFS-2992 - Wisconsin: Landings, July 1962, 2 pp. CFS-2995 - Ohio Landings, July 1962, 2 pp. CFS-2997 - Mississippi Landings, July 1962, 3 pp. CFS-2998 - Virginia Landings, July 1962, 3 pp. CFS-3001 - Alabama Landings, June 1962, 3 pp. CFS-3002 - Alabama Landings, July 1962, 3 pp. CFS-3003 - Michigan Landings, June 1962, 3 pp. CFS-3004 - Louisiana Landings, April 1962, 2 pp. CFS-3007 - Maryland Landings, August 1962, 3 pp. CFS-3008 - North Carolina Landings, August 1962, 3 pp. CFS-3009 - South Carolina Landings, August 1962, 2 pp. CFS-3011 - Georgia Landings, August 1962, 2 pp. CFS-3012 - New Jersey Landings, July 1962, 3 pp. CFS-3014 - Wisconsin Landings, August 1962, 2 pp. CFS-3015 - Fish Meal and Oil, August 1962, 2 pp. FL-176 - Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar), 3 pp., June 1962 (Revised). FL-448 - Some Publications on Fish Culture and Re- lated Subjects, 13 pp., June 1962 (Revised). FL-537 - A List of the Fishery Bulletins of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, by L. T. Dees, 16 pp., April 1962. The Fishery Bulletins are technical reports of scientific investigations of fishery biol- ogy. The Bulletin of the United States Fish Com- mission was begun in 1881. It became the Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries in 1904 and the Fishery Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service in 1941. Paging is serially by volumes. Through volume 46, separates were issued as Documents, each witha Document number. Beginning with volume 47, each separate was issued as a numbered Bulletin. Fish- ery Bulletins are distributed to depository libraries and are sold by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. FL-540 - List of Fishery Leaflets of the U. S. Fishand Wildlife Service, by Lola T. Dees, 37 pp., May 1962. Fishery Leaflets are correspondence aids giving in- formation on fishes and fisheries. In this report the latest issue or revision of each leaflet is listed, without reference to the original issue. Available fishery leaflets may be obtained without charge from the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Sep. No. 659 - Progress Report on Midwater Trawling Studies Carried Out Off the New England Coast in 1961 by M/V Delaware. Sep. No. 660 - The Stockfish and Spiny Lobster Fisher - ies of South Africa. Firms Canning, 1961 (Revised): SL-101 - Salmon, 3 pp. SL-111 - Clam Products, 2 pp. SL-112 - Shrimp, 2 pp. SL-113 - Crab Meat, 2 pp. SSR-Fish. No. 397 - Winter Water Temperatures and an Annotated List of Fishes--Nantucket Shoals to Cape Hatteras, Albatross II Cruise No. 126, by Robert L. Edwards, Robert Livingstone, Jr., and Paul E. Hamer, 34 pp., illus., September 1962. SSR-Fish. No. 399 - Some Effects of DDT on the Guppy and the Brown Trout, by Susan Frances King, 24 pp., illus., processed, March 1962. SSR-Fish. No. 412 - Distribution of Fish Eggs and Larvae, Temperature, and Salinity in the Georges Bank-Gulf of Maine Area, 1956, by Robert R. Marak and others, 98 pp., illus., March 1962. SSR-Fish. No. 415 - Pacific Tuna Biology Conference (August 14-19, 1961, Honolulu, Hawaii), edited by John C. Marr, 50 pp., processed, May 1962. A re- port of the work and results of the Pacific Tuna Biology Conference, held at the University of Hawaii in August 1961 under the auspices of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Hon- olulu, and attended by tuna research workers and fishery experts from 11 countries. The report com- prises a general account of the proceedings of the Conference; summaries of the discussions in 6 general sessions on distribution, migrations, sub- populations, behavior, tuna oceanography, and tax- 100 onomy and nomenclature; the reports of 2 special working groups, on identification of larval and ju- venile tunas and on taxonomy and nomenclature; resolutions adopted by the Conference; abstracts of the 50 papers presented; and a list of the par- ticipants. SSR-Fish. No. 418 - Use of Mobile Bioassay Equip- ment in the Chemical Control of Sea Lamprey, by Jahn H. Howell and Willman M. Marquette, 13 pp., illus., April 1962. SSR-Fish. No. 419 - Annual Fish Passage Report - Rock Island Dam, Columbia River, Washington, 1960, by Paul D. Zimmer and Clifton C. Davidson, 25 pp., illus., April 1962. Common Parasites of Fishes, by Glenn L. Hoffman and Carl J. Sindermann, Circular 144, 19 pp., illus., 1962. Monthly Mean Charts, Sea Surface Temperature, North Pacific Ocean, Circular 134, 41 pp., illus., printed, April 1962, limited distribution. The historical charts of monthly sea surface temperature in the North Pacific Ocean for 1956 and 1957 contain mean temperature data and isotherms. Also includedare 12 charts showing the temperature change from each month in 1956 to the corresponding month in 1957. According to the report, the 1956-1957 period was selected for initial treatment because of widespread scientific interest in the warming which began in 1957 along the eastern boundaries of the North Pa- cific Ocean. Something About--Fish, Wildlife --and You, 2 pp., illus., processed, 1962. A leaflet, intended for Girl Scouts, which discusses the importance of conservation of our fish and wildlife resources. Emphasizes the responsibility of every citizen in furthering the con- servation cause. Describes the role of the Fishand Wildlife Service's National Wildlife Refuges, Nation- al Fish Hatcheries, research laboratories, explora- tory fishing and research vessels, and other facil- ities in conservation. Something About--the Sea, 2 pp., illus., processed, 1962. A leaflet describing the sea, its resources, typography, and movements. Discusses the food chain, peaks and valleys in the oceans! floors, ocean currents, errosion of the coastlines by the seas, and the upwellings of water from the oceans! depths. THE FOLLOWING MARKET NEWS LEAFLET IS AVAILABLE FROM THE Number Title MNL-17 - Italian Fishing Industry, 1960-61, 8 pp. THE FOLLOWING ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE AR- TICLES ARE AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY, BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, U. S. FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, BOOTH- BAY HARBOR, MAINE. Preliminary Results of the ''Forfangst'' and Fat-Her- ring Investigations in Summer of 1954, by Olaf Dragesund, 11 pp., processed, 1957. (Translated from Fiskets Gang, vol. 41, no. 23, June 1955, pp. 317-322.) The Recruitment of the Herring Stocks and the Growth of the Spring and Autumn Herring in the Western COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol, 24, No. 12 Baltic, by Rudolph Kandler, 16 pp., illus., processed, 1957. (Translated from the German, Monatshefte fur Fischerei, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 17-22) THE FOLLOWING ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF A FOREIGN LANGUAGE ARTICLE IS AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE U. S. BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY, BOX 3630, HONOLULU, HAWAII. Gorbusha (Pink Salmon) - ONCORHYNCHUS GORBUS- CHA (Walbaum), by L. S. Berg, English Translations of Fishery Literature, Miscellaneous Series No. 365, 5 pp., printed, 1956. (Translated from the Russian, Promyslovye Ryby SSSR, 1949, pp. 154-156.) THE FOLLOWING ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF A FOREIGN LANGUAGE ARTICLE IS AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERV- Saika (Polar Cod), BOREOGADUS SAIDA (Lepechin), by L. S. Berg and others, 7 pp., printed, 1957. (Translated from the Russian, Promyslovye Ryby SSSR, 1949, pp. 519-521.) == sae THE FOLLOWING PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE SPECIFIC OFFICE MENTIONED. Annual Report of Sealing Operations, 1962, PribilofIs- lands, rasta. 17 pp., processed, October I, 1962. (Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S. Fishand Wildlife Service, 6116 Arcade Bldg., Seattle 1, Wash.) Discus- ses killof commercial bachelor seals, age composition, regular or bachelor season, kill of female seals, mor- tality among young-of-the-year, expectations for 1963, labor imported for seal killing and skin curing, and ma- terials usedincuring. Also discusses rejection of seals from killing drive, byproducts, remuneration of employees, details of daily kills, and time spent on sealing operations. Including statistical tables show - ing distribution of sealskins, counts of bull seals, blub- ber reserved for sealskin processing, ages of male seals comprising kill, abstracts of seals killed onSt. Pauland St. George Islands, and time report of sealing operation, (Baltimore) Monthly Summary--Fishery Products, August 1962, 8 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 103 S. Gay St., Baltimore 2, Md.) Receipts of fresh- and salt-water fish and shellfish at Baltimore by species and by states and provinces; total receipts by species and compari- sons with previous periods; and wholesale prices for fresh fishery products on the Baltimore market; for the month indicated. California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, Part I - Fishery Products Production and Market Data, August 1962, 17 pp. (Market News Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Post Office Bldg., San Pedro, Calif.) California cannery receipts of tuna and tunalike fish and other species used for canning; pack of canned tuna, tunalike fish, mackerel, and anchovies; market fish receipts at San Pedro, Santa Monica, and Eureka areas; California and Ari- zona imports; canned fish and frozen shrimp prices; ex-vessel prices for cannery fish; Oregon and Wash- ington receipts (domestic and imports) of fresh and frozen tuna and tunalike fish; for the month indicated. (Chicago) Monthly Summary of Chicago's Wholesale Market Fresh and Frozen Fishery Products Receipts, Prices, and Trends, July, August, September i962, 13 pp. ea. (Market News Service, U. S. Fish and December 1962 Wildlife Service, 565 W. Washington St., Chicago 6, Ill.) Receipts at Chicago by species and by states and provinces for fresh- and salt-water fish and shellfish; and weekly wholesale prices for freshand frozen fishery products; for the months indicated. Fish Protein Concentrate, Lifeline of the Future, 6 pp., ~ illus., printed, September 1962. (Branch of Tech- nology, U..S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Washington 25, D. C.) Fish protein concentrate (FPC) is the name for a group of possible products from dehydrated and defatted fish. It may be ren- dered tasteless, odorless, and colorless and the final product can range from a fine powder to one of granular consistency. It is an excellent source of high quality protein. This leaflet discusses the role of fish protein concentrate in the complete utiliza- tion of the fishery resource, hunger as the biggest human problem of the century, doubling of the world population in the next 40 years, and the inability of land food resources to supply needs. It also dis- cusses the sea as the key to an immediate solution, the immense potential of fish protein concentrate, some notable efforts at FPC manufacture, and the need for a more vigorous research and development program. Gulf of Mexico Monthly Landings, Production and Ship- ments of Fishery Products, September 1962, 8 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fishand Wildlife Service, Rm. 609, 609 South St., New Orleans 12, La.) Gulf States shrimp, oyster, finfish, andblue crab landings; crab meat production; LCLexpress shipments from New Orleans; wholesale prices of fishand shellfish on the New Orleans French Market; fishery imports at Port Isabeland Brownsville, Texas, from Mexico; and sponge sales; for the month indicated. Monthly Summary of Fishery Products Production in Selected Areas of Virginia, North Carolina, and Maryland, September 1962, 4 pp. (Market News Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 18 S. King St., Hampton, Va.) Landings of food fish and shell- fish and production of crab meat and shucked oys- ters for the Virginia areas of Hampton Roads, Chincoteague, Lower Northern Neck, and Lower Eastern Shore; the Maryland areas of Crisfield, Cambridge, and Ocean City; and the North Carolina areas of Atlantic, Beaufort, and Morehead City; together with cumulative and comparative data on fishery products and shrimp production; for the month indicated. New York City's Wholesale Fishery Trade--Monthly Summary--June, July 1962, 18 pp. ea. (Market News Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 155 John St., New York 38, N. Y.) Includes summaries and analyses of receipts and prices on wholesale Fulton Fish Market, including both the salt- and fresh-water sections; imports entered at New York customs district; primary wholesalers' selling prices for fresh, frozen, and selected canned fish- ery products; marketing trends; and landings at Fulton Fish Market docks and Stonington, Conn.; for the months indicated. (Seattle) Washington and Alaska Receipts and Land- ings of Fishery Products for Selected Areas and Fisheries, Monthly Summary, September 1962, 9 pp. (Market News Service, U. S. Fish and Wild- life Service, 706 Federal Office Bldg., 909 First Ave., Seattle 4, Wash.) Includes Seattle's landings by the halibut and salmon fleets reported through the exchanges; landings of halibut reported by the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 101 International Pacific Halibut Commission; landings of otter-trawl receipts reported by the Fishermen's Marketing Association of Washington; local landings by independent vessels; coastwise shipments from Alaska by scheduled and non-scheduled shipping lines and airways; imports from British Columbia via rail, motor truck, shipping lines, and ex-vessel landings; and imports from other countries through Washington customs district; for the month indicated. Status of Fish Tagging and Tagging Techniques, U. S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, for the Period 1957 through 1961, by S. Cogswell, Woods Hole Laboratory Report No. 62-2, 23 pp., printed, 1962. (U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries, Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass.) THE FOLLOWING SERVICE PUBLICATIONS ARE FOR SALE AND ARE ERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON 25, D. C. Chronic Effects of Endrin on Bluntnose Minnows and Guppies, by Donald Irvin Mount, Research Report 58, 42 pp., illus., 35 cents, 1962. "A Comparative Study of the Blood of Wild and Hatchery- Reared Lake Trout,'' by Robert G. Piper and Robert F. Stephens, article, Progressive Fish-Culturist, vol. 24, no. 2, 1962, pp. 81-84, processed, 25 cents. "Experimental Heating of Pond Water to Start Rainbow Trout Fry on a Dry Diet,'' by Kenneth E. Morton, article, Progressive Fish-Culturist, vol. 24) NO wees 1962, pp. 94-96, processed, 25 cents. Federal Aid in Fish Restoration, Regulatory Announce- ment 65, 22 pp., printed, 15 cents, 1962. Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration, Regulatory An- nouncement 64, 21 pp., printed, 15 cents, 1962. "Growth Rate of Brook Trout at Different Population Densities in a Small Infertile Stream," by Edwin L. Cooper, Joseph A. Boccardy, and John K. Andersen, article, Progressive Fish-Culturist, vol. 24, no. 2, 1962, pp. 74-80, processed, 25 cents. "The Indispensable Amino Acids for Rainbow Trout," by Warren E. Shanks, George D. Gahimer, and John E. Halver, article, Progressive Fish-Culturist, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 68-73, processed, 25 cents. "A Method for Force-Feeding Radioisotopes to Year- ling Trout,'' by R. E. Nakatani, article, Progressive Fish-Culturist, vol. 24, no. 2, 1962, pp. 56-59, proc- essed, 25 cents. Predicting Year-Class Abundance of Yellowstone Lake Cutthroat Trout, by Ross V. Bulkley and Norman G. Benson, Research Report 59, 25 pp., illus., 25 cents, 1962. Central South Pacific Ocean, by Tamio Otsu and Richard J. Hansen, Fishery Bulletin 204 (from Fishery Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service, vol. 62), 11 pp., illus., printed, 15 cents, 1962. "Some Observations of the Feeding Habits of Brown Trout,'' by F. Phillip Sharpe, article, Progressive 102 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol, 24, No, 12 Fish Culturist, vol. 24, no. 2, 1962, pp. 60-64, processed, 25 cents. "Supplemental Feeding of Fingerling Channel Catfish," by Otto W. Tiemeier, article, Progressive Fish- Culturist, vol. 24, no. 2, 1962, pp. 88-90, processed, 25 cents. MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANI ZA - TION ISSUING THEM. CORRESPONDENCE REGARDING PUBLICATIONS THAT FOLLOW SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO THE RESPECTIVE ORGANIZATIONS ORI, PUBLISHER MENTIONED. DATA ON PRICES, IF READILY AVAILABLE, ARE SHOWN. ABALONE: "Muscle Extract of Aquatic Animals. IV--Distribu- tion of Nitrogenous Constituents in the Muscle Ex- tracts of an Abalone, Haliotis gigantea Discus Reeve," by Shoji Konosu and Yasuhiko Maeda, ar- ticle, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 27, March 1961, pp. 251-254, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-chome, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. ST eEReN ee mport Tariff System of Afghanistan, WTIS Part 2, ao aane Report No. 62-47, 2 pp., printed, 15 cents. Bureau of International Programs, Wes De— partment of Commerce, Washington, D. C., Septem- ber 1962. (For sale by the Superintendent of Docu- ments, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washing- ton 25, D. C.) Discusses units of currency, weights and measures; bases of specific and ad valorem duties; method of payment of duty; customs sur- taxes; sales and other internal taxes; preferential duties; consular documenis and fees; trade restric- tions; and other information. ALASKA: Kitoi Bay Research Station, Its Development, Ac- ~complishments and Future, by Howard D. Tait, In- formational Leaflet No. 9, 6 pp., processed. Divi- sion of Biological Research, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska, February 23,1962. Discusses the purpose and facilities of the Labora- tory; current research activities--lake rehabilita- tion studies, pink salmon studies, and predator studies; and future plans. ALGAE: "An Approach to Sea Farming," by Alan D. Ansell, article, Fisheries Newsletter, vol. 21, no. 9, Sep- tember 1962, pp. 17-18, 26, illus., printed. Com- monwealth Office of Fisheries, Department of Pri- mary Industry, Canberra, Australia. A progress report on experiments, using flue gas from a power station and fertilizers, to promote the growth of marine algae, for direct use or for feeding to shell- fish. According to the author, "It is possible that combined algal and shellfish culture will present an efficient method of intensive cultivation of small areas of sea water. Clams, or other shellfish, reared under controlled conditions, planted on pre- pared grounds, protected from enemies and receiv- ing food supplements, would be the main product. Growth of these shellfish might be further accelerated in some areas by irrigation of the beds with the warm water effluents from industrial cooling systems." Bibliographic Data Useful in the Stu dy of of Marine Algae, by Harold Judson Humm, Special Scientific Report No. 29, 12 pp., printed. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Va., 1962. Contribution to the Study of the Marine Algae of Ceylon, by M. Durairatnam, Bulletin No. 10, 181 pp., illus., printed, Department of Fisheries, Fisheries Re- search Station, Colombo, Ceylon, 1961. Key to the Genera of Marine Bluegreen Algae of South- eastern North America, by Harold Judson Humm, _ Special Scientific Report No. 28, 6 pp., printed. Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences, Gloucester Point, Va., 1962. "Preliminary Survey of Fungistatic Properties of Marine Algae,'' by Ann Marie Welch, article, Journal of Bacteriology, vol. 83, January 1962, pp. 97- 99R printed. Society of American Bacteriologists, Mount Royal and Guildford Aves., Baltimore 2, Md. ANGOLA: Sobre a Ocorrencia de SARDINOPS OCELLATA (Pappe) em Aguas Centro-Angolanas (On the Occur - rence of Sardinops ocellata (Pappe) in the Waters of Central Angola), by R. Monteiro, Notas Mimeo- grafadas, no. 25, 12 pp., illus., processed in Portu- guese with English summary. Centro de Biologia Piscatoria, Lisbon, Portugal, 1962. ANTIBIOTICS: "Antibiotics as Food Preservatives,'' by R. H. Vaughn, and G. F. Stewart, article, Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 174, 1960, pp. 1308-1310, printed. Journal of the American Medical Associa- tion, 535 N. Dearborn Ave., Chicago 10, I1l. "Gli antibiotici nella conservazione dei prodotti ittici. Effetti dell'Aureomicina sui processi di alterazione della carne di pesce" (Antibiotics in the Preserva- tion of Fish Products: Effects of Aureomycin on the Decomposition of Fish Meat), by C. M. Ricotta, article, Conserve e Derivati Agrumari, vol. 9, no. 1, 1960, pp. 18-20, printed in Italian. Centro Speri- mentale per l"Industria della Pesca e dei Prodotti del Mare, Palermo, Sicily, Italy. AQUATIC SCIENCES: HUN Developing Aquatic Sciences Information Retrieval System,’ by Joel S. O'Connor, and Saul B. Saila, ar- ticle, Transactions of the American Fisheries Soci- ety, vol. 91, no. 2, 1962, pp. 151-154, printed. Amer- ican Fisheries Society, 233 Broadway, New York, N.Y: ARGENTINA: "La Pesca en el Mar Argentino" (The Fishery in Argentine Waters), by Juan Manuel Gordini, article, Pesca y Marina, vol. 14, no. 4, August-September 1962, pp. 4-8, illus., printed in Spanish. Pesca y Marina, Fernando Flores Ltd., 705 N. Windsor Blvd., Los Angeles 38, Calif. La Pesca en el Mar Argentino, Primer Parte--Pesca ~Costera (The Fishery in Argentine Waters, Part One--Coastal Fishery), by Juan Manuel Cordini, 161 pp., illus., printed in Spanish. Direccion General December 1962 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 103 BUT USUALLY MAY BE FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. OBTAINED de Pesca y Conservacion de la Fauna, Secretaria de Estado de Agricultura y Ganaderia de la Nacion, Buenos Aires, Argentina. ATLANTIC OCEAN: A Literature Survey of the Hydrography, Bathymetry and Fisheries of the Atlantic Ocean Under the At- lantic Missile Range with an Appendix on the Mona Island Region, by Godfrey C. Day, Reference no. 61- 36, 114 pp., illus., processed. Oceanographic In- stitution, Woods Hole, Mass., 1961. BACTERIOLOGY: Physiological Studies on the Radiation Resistant Bacteria Occurring in Food, by D. E. Duggan, Dissertation for Ph. D., 187 pp., printed. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oreg., 1961. BALTIC SEA: Ecology of the More Important Benthic Invertebrates in the Baltic Sea, by Zygmunt Mulicki, OTS 60-21297, 58 pp., illus., processed, 50 cents. (Translatedfrom the Polish, Prace Morskiego Instytutu Rybackiego w Gdyni, no. 9, 1957, pp. 313-379.) Office of Tech- nical semis U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D. C., 1961. BIOCHEMISTRY: Biosynthesis of Trimethylammonium Compounds in Aquatic Animals. II--Choline Metabolism in Ma- rine Crustacea, by E. Bilinski, 6 pp., printed. (Re- printed from the Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 19, no. 3, 1962, pp. 505-510.) ueen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. "Extraction of Sarcoplasmic Fraction of Fish Muscle with Salt Solutions of Different Ionic Strengths and pH," by B. R. Baliga, M. N. Moorjani, and N. L. Lahiry, article, Food Technology, vol. 17, February 1962, pp. 86-88, printed. Food Technology, The Garrard Press, 510 N. Hickory, Champaign, Ill. "Technical Characteristics of Various Fish Products," by L. S. Levieva and others, article, Israel Program of Scientific (PST) Catalogue, no. 109, 1960, pp. 175- 188, printed. (Translated from the Russian, Trudy VNIRO, vol. 35, 1958, pp. 192-204.) Israel Program of Scientific Translations (PST) Catalogue, 14 Sham- mai St., Jerusalem, Israel. BLACKFISH: "Some Phases in the Life History of the Alaskan Blackfish Dallia pectoralis,"' by Roger F. Blackett, article, copels no. 1, 1962, pp. 124-130, printed. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetol- ogists, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, Calif. BRAZIL: "Relatorio dos Trabalhos Realizados Pelo Servico de Piscicultura, Durante o Anode 1959"' (A Report of the Work Carried Out by the Fish Culture Serv- ice during the Year 1959), by Osmar Fontenele, article, Publicacion Departamento Nacional Obras Contra as Secas, no. 219, 1960, pp. 1-123, printed in Portuguese. Servicio Piscicultura, Fortaleza, Brazil. BREAM: Growth and Sexual Maturity of the North Caspian Bream in Relation to Changes in Its Abundance, by K. A. Zemskaya, OTS 61-31041, 29 pp., illus., processed, 50 cents. (Translated from the Russian, Trudy Vsesoyuznogo nauchno-issledovatel'skogo instituta morskogo rybnogo khozyaistva i okeano- grafii (VNIRO), vol. 34, 1958, pp. 63-86.) Office of Technical Services, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D. C., 1962. CANADA: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 19, no. 5, September 1962, 253 pp., illus., printed, single issue C$1.50. Queen's Printer, Ottawa, Canada. Includes, among others, these articles: ''Distribution and Survival of Herring Larvae (Clupea pallasi Val- enciennes) in British Columbia Waters," by J. C. Stevenson; ''Migration and Feeding of the Gray Whale (Eschrichtius gibbosus),'' by Gordon C. Pike; "Air Blowing of Cod Liver Oil and Other Marine Oils," by P. M. Jangaard and R. G. Ackman; ''Seasonal Changes in Feeding of Coho and Chinook (Spring) Salmon in Southern British Columbia Waters," by A. Prakash; "Efficiency and Rate of Yolk Utilization by Developing Embryos and Larvae of the Pacific Sardine sardinops caerula (Girard),"' by Reuben Lasker; “Possible Effects of Passamaquoddy Power Project on Clams, Scallops and Shipworms in Can- adian Waters," by J. C. Medcof; ''Flow of Water in the Passages of Passamaquoddy Bay Measured by the Electromagnetic Method," by R. W. Trites and D. G. MacGregor; ''On the Feeding and Growth of Young Herring (Clupea harengus L.) in Captivity," by Naresh Das and S. N. Tibbo; and "'A Relationship between Growth, Hatching and Spawning Season in Canadian Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus Tee) aby, T. R. Graham. CANNING: "Ta Conserve Appertisee se Porte Bien" (Appert's Canning Method is Still Good), article, France Peche, vol. 7, no. 64, July-August 1962, pp. 23-26, illus., printed in French. France Peche, Service Abonnement, Boite Postale 179, Lorient (Morbihan), France. CATFISH: "Daily Movement of Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punc- tatus (Rafinesque), in a Farm Pond," by Earl D. Stevens and O. W. Tiemeier, article, Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, vol. 64, no. 1, 1961, pp.218-224, printed. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, Library, Kansas State College, Lawrence, Kans. CEYLON: The 1958 Pearl Oyster Fishery, Gulf of Mannar, by ~S. Sivalingam, Bulletin no. ih 28 pp., illus., printed. Department of Fisheries, Fisheries Research Station, Colombo, Ceylon, 1961. CHAR: "O Pitanii Dal'nevostochnykh Gol'tsov" (The Nutrition of Far-Eastern Chars), by K. A. Savvaitova, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, no.-1, 1961, pp. 9-11, printed in Russian. VNIRO Glavniproekta, pri Gosplanie SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. A Preliminary Study of the Migration and Growth of the Dolly Varden Char in Kitoi Bay, Alaska, by Leonard Revet, Informational Leaflet No. 17, 6 pp., illus., processed. Division of Biological Research, 104 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No, 12 Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alas- ka, August 23, 1962. The Dolly Varden char, Salve- linus malma (Walbaum),.is an important predator and competitor of young salmon. In some areas, it is also an important sport and food fish. For these reasons and because attempts are now being made to utilize this species commercially in Alaska, a life history study was started at the Kitoi Bay Re- search Station on Afognak Island in 1961. During the first two years of the study, the objectives were (1) to define the migratory pattern and (2) to study the ocean growth of the fish. CLAMS: "Clams as Indicators of Strontium-90,"' by D. J. Nel- son, article, Science, vol. 137, no. 3523, July 6, 1962, pp. 38-39, illus., printed. American Associa- tion for the Advancement of Science, 1515 Massa- chusetts Ave. NW., Washington5, D. C. Research indicates that fresh-water clams concentrate stron- tium-90 in their shells and may be used as indica- tors of the Sr 90 contamination of their environment. Analysis of data derived from the specific activity of Sr920 in shells showed that Sr99 released to the Tennessee River system remained in solution and that concentrations to a distance of 500 miles from the release site can be predicted on the basis of the dilution of contaminated White Oak Creek water by uncontaminated Clinch-Tennessee River water. COD: "Agressive Behaviour in the Cod Gadus callarias L.,' by Vivien M. Brawn, article, Behaviour, vol. 18, nos. 1-2, 1961, pp. 107-147, printed. Behaviour, E. J. Brill, Leiden, Netherlands. "The Measurement of 'Condition' in North Sea Cod," by R. M. Love, article, Journal du Conseil, vol. 27, no. 1, 1962, pp. 34-42, printed. Conseil Permanent International pour 1'Exploration de la Mer, Charlot- tenlund-Slot, Denmark. Reaction of Cod Actomyosin with Linoleic and Lino- Ienic Acids, by Frederick J. King, Margaret J. Anderson, and Maynard A. Steinberg, 4 pp., printed. (Reprinted from Journal of Food Science, vol. 27, no. 4, 1962, pp. 363-366.) Journal of Food Science, Institute of Food Technologists, 510/22 N. Hickory St., Champaign, Ill. "Reproductive Behaviour of the Cod Gadus callarias L.,'' by Vivien M. Brawn, article, Behaviour, vol. 18, no. 3, 1961, pp. 177-198, printed. Behaviour, E. J. Brill, Leiden, Netherlands. "Sound Production by the Cod, Gadus callarias L.," by Vivien M. Brawn, article, Behaviour, vol. 18, no. 4, 1961, pp. 239-255, printed. Behaviour, E. J. Brill, Leiden, Netherlands. Variations Regionales et Saisonnieres de 1'Alimenta- tion de la Morue (GADUS MORHUA L.) a I'Entree de Ta Baie des Chaleurs (Regional and Seasonal Varia- tions of the Feeding of the Cod (Gadus morhua L.) at the Entrance of Chaleur Bay), by Guy Lacroix and Alexandre Marcotte, Contribution No. 84, 11 pp., illus., printed in French. (Reprinted from Natural- iste Canadien, vol. 88, no. 10, October 1961.) De- partment of Fisheries, Quebec, Canada, 1962. COLD STORAGE: "Low Temperature Storage of Cod and Ocean Perch," by A. I. Piskarev, A. P. Bornovalova, and L. G. Luk'janica, article, Kholodil'naia Tehknika, no. 3, 1961, pp. 38-43, printed in Russian. Kholodil'naia Tekhnika, Four Continent Book Corp., 156 5th Ave., New York 10, N. Y. CONGO REPUBLIC: Licensing and Exchange Controls--Republic of the Congo (Leopoldville), by A. L. Steigman, WTIS Part 2, Operations Report No. 62-38, 8 pp., printed, 10 cents. Bureau of International Programs, U. S. De- partment of Commerce, Washington, D. C., July 1962. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.) Discusses import and export controls in the Congo, United States controls of exports and imports, and related information. It also contains a list of food products (including fishery products) authorized for import into the Congo. CONSERVATION: Federal Aid in Fish and Wildlife Restoration (Annual Report on Dingell-Johnson and Pittman-Robertson .Programs for the Fiscal Year Ending June 30,1961), 123 pp., illus., printed. Sport Fishing Institute, Bond Bldg., Washington, D. C., 1962. CRABS: "Undersokelser av krabbe (Cancer pagurus L.) i farvannene ved Bergen i arene 1959-60” (Investiga- tion of the Crab--Cancer pagurus L.--in the Waters around Bergen in the Year 1959-1960), by Kaare R. Gundersen, article, Fiskets Gang, vol. 48, no. 31, August 2, 1962, pp. 439-444, illus., printed in Nor- wegian. Fiskets Gang, Fiskeridirektoratet, Radstu- plass 10, Bergen, Norway. DEFROSTING: "Dielectric Defrosting,'' article, Food Manufacture, vol. 36, no. 9, 1961, p. 378, illus., printed. Food Manufacture, Leonard Hill Ltd., 9 Eden St., London NW1, England. DISTRIBUTION: Similarities and Differences in the Distribution, Ecol- ogy, and Some Other Characteristics of Cod and Oceanic Herring, by A. N. Svetovidov, OTS 61-31042, 11 pp., illus., processed, 50 cents. (Translatedfrom the Russian, Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, vol. 23, no. 4, 1944, pp. 146-153) Office of Technical Services, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D. C., 1962. FAROE ISLANDS: Faroes in Figures, no. 19, September 1962, 6 pp., illus., printed. Faroes in Figures, Faero Amts Sparekasse, Copenhagen, Denmark. Includes an article, 'Development of the Faroese Fishing Fleet," which discusses the post war renewal.of the Faroese fishing fleet, provisions for financing the construc- tion of new vessels and rebuilding of old ones, the present size and composition of the fleet, andvessels now under construction. Also includes a short arti- cle on the Faroese Fishing Vessel Mortgage Finance Corporation, which grants loans ranging up to 50 per- cent of the loan value for construction and recon- struction. Presents statistical tables showing the December 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 105 BUT USUALLY MAY BE volume and value of salt-fish production and export, and dried cod exports during the first six months in 1962, with comparisons. FINLAND: Import Tariff System of Finland, WTIS Part 2, Opera- tions Report No. 62-44, 2 pp., printed, 10 cents. Bureau of International Programs, U. 8. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C., September 1962. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.) Discusses units of currency, weight, measure; bases of specific and ad valorem duties; method of pay- ment; preferential duties; sales and other internal taxes; and import restrictions. Licensing and Exchange Controls--Finland, WTIS Part 2, Operations Report No. 62-43, 4 pp., printed, 10 cents. Bureau of International Programs, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C., Au- gust 1962. (For sale by the Superintendent of Doc- uments, U. S. Government Printing Office, Wash- ington 25, D. C.) Discusses Finland's import con- trols, including licensing procedures, license-free imports, licensing under global quotas, individual licensing, and exceptions to licensing procedures; exchange controls; and export control. It also discusses United States export and import controls and similar information. FISH BEHAVIOR: "Daily Rhythm in the Reaction of Fish to Light," by Roger E. Davis, article, Science, vol. 137, no. 3528, August 10, 1962, pp. 430-432, illus., printed. Amer- ican Association for the Advancement of Science, 1515 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washington 5, D. C. Bluegills in a 24-hour light-dark cycle were ex- posed briefly to light at a random time in the daily dark period, The duration of the accompanying "light-shock reaction" daily became longer at times early in the dark period and shorter at times in the later hours of darkness. "Minimal Light Intensity and the Dispersal of School- ing Fish," by Evelyn Shaw, article, Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique, no. 1213, 1961, pp. 1-8, printed. Bulletin de [Institut Oceanographique, Musee Oceanographique, Monaco-Ville, Monaco. FISH DETECTION: "Asdic og Fiskileitartaeki"' (Asdic and Fish Detec- tion), by K. Juliusson, article, Aegir, vol. 54, 1961, pp. 90-93, 113-117, 145-151, 159-163, illus., printed in Icelandic. Aegir, Fiskifelag Islands, Reykjavik, Iceland. FISH DISEASES: "Novye Dannye po Prizhiznennoi Diagncstike Zabole- vanii Ryb"' (New Data on the Diagnosis of Fish Dis- eases during Life), by E. M. Lyaiman, article, Trudy Soveshchanii Ikhtiologiia Komissiya Aka- demiia Nauk SSSR, vol. 9, 1959, pp. 18-20, printed in Russian. Trudy Soveshchanii Ikhtiologiia Komis - siya Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Four Continent Book Corp., 156 5th Ave., New York 10, N. Y. Taschenbuch der Fischkrankheiten fur Fischerei- biologen, Tierarzte, Fischzuchter und Aquarianer (Handbook of Fish Diseases for Fishery Biologists, Veterinarians, Fish Breeders and Owners of Aquaria), by Erwin Amlacher, 297 pp., printed in German, DM 19.80 (US$4.75). VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, Germany. FISH FEEDING: Rukovodstvo po Izucheniiu Pitaniia Ryb v Estestven- nykh Usloviakh (Management of the Study of Fish Feeding Under Natural Conditions), printed in Rus- sian. VNIRO Glavniproekta, pri Gosplanie SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R., 1961. FISH FLOUR: Enrichment of Lime-Treated Cornflour with Deodor - ized Fish Flour, by R. Bressani, paper presented at FAO International Conference on Fish in Nutrition, Washington, D. C., 19-27 September 1961, printed in English with French and Spanish abstracts. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, 1961. The Nutritive Value of Fish Flour and Its Use as a Protein Supplement, by B. C. Johnson, V. Chalam Metta, and H. E. Schendel, paper presented at FAO International Conference on Fish and Nutrition, Washington, D. C., 19-27 September 1961, printed in English with French and Spanish abstracts. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, 1961. FISHING TECHNIQUES: "Sound Technique for Fishing," article, New Scientist, vol. 11, August 24, 1961, p. 466, printed. The New Scientist, Harrison, Raison and Co., Ltd., Cromwell House, Fulwood Pl., High Holborn, London WC1, England. FISH LADDER: "Fish Ladder,'' by V. Vasiltev, article, Neva, no. 1, 1961, p. 219, printed in Polish. Neva, Ul. Wesolow- skiego #1, Bialystok, Poland. FISH-LIVER OIL: "Low-Boiling Fractions Obtained by Industrial Mole- cular Distillation of Basking Shark Liver Oil," by Isamu Tsujino and Kiyokazu Kikuchi, Chemical Ab- stracts, vol. 50, November 25, 1956, p. 17487, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Wash- ington, D. C. "Multipurpose Cod Liver Oil--Food, Medicine and Nutrient," article, Fishing News International, no. 1, January 1962, pp. 111-113, printed. Fishing News International, A. J. Heighway Publications Ltd., 110 Fleet St., Ludgate House, London EC4, England. "Production of Cod-Liver Oil Without Using Heat, and the Evaluation of the Byproducts as Sources of Vi- tamins in Nutrition," by E. Kraack, Chemical Ab- stracts, vol. 55, December 25, 1961, p. 27689b, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C. "Stable Cod-Liver Oil Emulsion for Supplementary Animal Foods," by Carl G. Bischoff, Chemical Ab- stracts, vol. 55, September 4, 1961, p. 17949e, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C. "Vitamin A Oil Fraction from Fish Liver for Animal Feeds,'' by Michael Comar, Chemical Abstracts, 106 vol. 55, September 4, 1961, p. 17949c, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C. FISH MEAL: "The Growth of the Fish-Meal Industry," by D. F.S. Raitt, article, Scottish Fisheries Bulletin, no. 17, June 1962, pp. 21-22, printed. Marine Laboratory, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scot- land, P. O. Box No. 101, Victoria Rd., Aberdeen, Scotland. Nutritional and Chemical Changes in the Lipid Frac- tion of Herring Meals with and without Antioxidant Treatment, by B. E. March and others, 8 pp., printed. (Reprinted from Poultry Science, vol. 41, no. 3, May 1962, pp. 873-880.) Poultry Science Associa- tion, University of Ohio, Columbus 10, Ohio. "The Nutritive Value of Fish Meal Protein; a Com- parison of Chemical Measurements with a Chick- feeding Test," by C. E. Thurston, L. E. Ousterhout, and P. P. MacMaster, article, Journal of the As- sociation of Official Agricultural Chemists, vol. 43, 1960, pp. 760-762, printed. Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, P. O. Box 540, Benjamin Franklin Station, Washington 4, D. C. FISH OIL: "The Addition of Herring and Vegetable Oils to the Diet of Cats," by Patricia P. Scott and E. R. Hump- hreys, article, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, vol. 21, no. 1, 1961, p. xiii, printed. Nutrition So- ciety, Cambridge University Press, 200 Euston Rd., London NW1, England. FISH PONDS: "Einfluss der Stickstoff-Phosphordungung auf die Chemische Zusammensetzung des Wassers in Fis- chteichen" (The Influence of Nitrogen- Phosphorus Fertilization on the Chemical Composition of the Water in Fish Ponds), by S. Wrobel, article, Acta Hydrobiologica, vol. 1, no. 1, 1959, pp. 55-86, printed. Acta Hydrobiologica, Polska Akademia Nauk, Zaklad Biologii Wod, Krakow, Poland. "Primary Production in Fishponds and Its Applica- tion to Fertilization Experiments,'' by B. Hepher, article, Limnology and Oceanography, vol. 7, no. 2G 1962, pp. 131-136, printed. Limnology and Oceano- graphy, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass. FISH POPULATIONS: "On the Petersen-Type Estimate of Fish Population under the Existence of Recruitment,'' by Yukio Nose, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 27, no. 10, 1961, pp. 881- 892, printed in Japanese with English summaries Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-chome, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE: "Production Specifications for Concentrated Fish Protein,'' article, Fishing News International, vol. 1, January 1962, pp. 58-59, printed. Fishing News International, A. J. Heighway Publications, Ltd., 110 Fleet St., Ludgate House, London EC4, England. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol, 24, No, 12 FISH SAUSAGE: "Kamaboko and Fish Sausage Products. X, XI, XII, The Special Concentration of Salt Impeding the Ka- maboko Formation (Parts 1, 2, 3),"' by K. Okamura, articles, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scien- tific Fisheries, vol. 26, 1960, pp. 595-599, 600-604, 605-609, illus., printed in Japanese with English summary. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-chome, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. Fish Sausages in Japan, by M. Okada, paper presented at FAO International Conference on Fishin Nutrition, Washington, D. C., 19-27 September 1961, printed. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. "Fish Sausage Processing Soars Rapidly in Japan," article, Food Engineering, vol. 34, January 1962, pp. 87-88, printed. Food Engineering, Chilton Co., Chestnut and 56th Sts., Philadelphia 36, Pa. "Gyoniku sausage no sakkin ni kansuru kenkyu. I" (Studies on the Heat Sterilization of Fish Sausages. I), by E. Tanikawa, M. Suwaki, and M. Akiba, article, Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido Uni- versity, vol. 10, no. 4, 1960, pp. 332-355, illus., printed in Japanese with English summary. Hokkaido University, Kameda-Machi, Hakodate, Japan. "Studies on Fish Sausage. V--Effect of Erythorbic Acid and L-Ascorbic Acid on the Color of Fish Sausage,''by Wataru Simidu and Kinji Endo, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fish- eries, vol, 27, August 1961, pp. 723-727, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-chome, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. "Studies on Utilization of Gluten in Fish Sausage. I-- Influence of Gluten on Elastic Property of Fish Sausage," by Hasao Hujita, Wataru Simidu, and Ken- iti Inoue, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 27, February 1961, pp. 199-202, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-chome, Shiba-Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. FISH WASTES: "Vitamin Content of Acid Ensiled Fish Wastes Heated Briefly under the Boiling Point," by E. Kraack, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 55, September 4, 1961, p. 17942f, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C. FLORIDA: Oyster and Clam Culture in Florida, by Robert M. Ingle, Educational Series No. 5, 25 pp., illus., printed. Florida State Board of Conservation, Di- vision of Oyster Culture, W. V. Knott Bldg., Talla- hassee, Fla. The objective of this booklet is to pro- vide the information necessary for the successful development of the oyster industry throughout the State of Florida. It discusses how the oyster lives, how it breeds, oyster enemies, rate of oyster growth, where it is found and how collected, and the value of the industry and how it may be improved. Also ex- plained are how leases for cultivating oysters may be obtained, the process of oyster cultivation, what the State is doing for the oyster industry, and th December 1962 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. food value of oysters. In addition, information is presented on the species of clams harvested com- mercially, artificial cultivation, and research in clam culture. "Records of Freshwater Fishes in Florida," by Ralph W. Yerger, article, Tulane Studies in Zoology, vol. 9, no. 5, 1962, pp. 323-330, printed. Tulane Studies in Zoology, Tulane University, P. O. Station 20, New Orleans 18, La. A Study of the Behavior of Some Tagged South Florida ~ Coral Reef Fishes, by Victor G. Springer and Andrew J. McErlean, Contribution No. 64, 12 pp., printed. (Reprinted from The American Midland Naturalist, vol. 67, no. 2, April 1962, pp. 386-397.) Florida State Board of Conservation, W. V. Knott Bldg., Tallahassee, Fla. Summary of Florida Commercial Marine Landings, 1961, by Albert Rosen and Richard K. Robinson, Marine Fisheries Research No. 62-5, 20 pp., printed. Florida State Board of Conservation, W. V. Knott Bldg., Tallahassee, Fla., May 1962. The first part of a summary of Florida's commercial landings of marine products for 1961. Contains data on land- ings and value of fish and shellfish. Data are pre- sented for each county in the State and summarized for the East Coast and West Coast. FOREIGN TRADE: Licensing and Exchange Controls--Republic of the Ivory Coast, WTIS Part 2, Operations Report No. 62 37, 4 pp., printed, 10 cents. Bureau of Inter- national Programs, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C., August 1962. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.) FRANCE: "La Production de la peche francaise en 1961--500,000 t pour une valeur de 726,800,000 NF" (French Fish- ery Production in 1961--500,000 Metric Tons with a Value of 726,800,000 NF), article, La Peche Mari- time, vol. 41, no. 1013, August 1962, pp. 584-588, printed in French. La Peche Maritime, 190, Boule- vard Haussmann, Paris, France. FPREEZE- DRYING: "Experimental Storage of Fish Dried by the Freeze- Drying Method," by K. B. Martem'Yanova, article, Israel Program of Scientific Translations (PST) Catalogue, nee 109, 1960, pp. 161-169, printed. (Translated rom the Russian, Trudy VNIRO, vol. 35, 1958, pp. 177-185.) Israel Program of Scien- tific Translations Catalogue, 14 Shammai St., Jerusalem, Israel. "La lyophilisation peut rapidement modifier le marche francais de la conserve et peut-etre aussi celui du frais!'' (Freeze-Drying May Rapidly Affect the French Canned Fish Market and Perhaps Also that for Fresh Fish!), article France Peche, vol. 7, no. 64, July-August 1962, pp. 39-40, illus., printed in French. France Peche, Service Abonnement, Boite Postale 179, Lorient (Morbihan), France. FREEZER VESSELS: "Pesqueros Congeladores en la Flota Espanola" (Freezer Vessels in the Spanish Fleet), by R. D. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 107 BUT USUALLY MAY BE Cullun, article, Industrias Pesqueras, vol. 36, nos. 841-842, May 15, 1962, pp. 150-151, illus., printed in Spanish, Industrias Pesqueras, 21/2 Policarop Sanz, Vigo, Spain. FREEZING: "Clest grace aux filets de poisson que le consommat- eur francais apprend a connaitre les produits surge- les'' (Acceptance by the French Consumer of Quick- Frozen Products is Promising for Fish Fillets), by M. Bachmann, article, France Peche, vol. 7, no. 64, July-August 1962, pp. 49-51, illus., pr printed in French. France Peche, Service Abonnement, Boite Postale 179, Lorient (Morbihan), France. "La congelation du poisson a Saint-Pierre et Mique- lon. Il--Les projets d'avenir' (Fish Freezing in St. Pierre and Miquelon. Il--Future Projects), ar- ticle, La Peche Maritime, vol. 41, no. 1013, August 1962, pp. 571-578, illus., printed in French. La Peche Maritime, 190, Boulevard Haussmann, Paris, France. "Freezing Fish in Russia," article, Quick Frozen Foods, vol. 22, no. 6, 1960, pp. 83-86, illus., printed. Quick Frozen Foods, E. W. Williams Publications, Inc., 82 Wall St., New York 5, N. Y. "Quick-Freezing in France,'' by M. Anquez, article, Revue Generale du Froid, vol. 39, no. 1, January 1962, pp. 17-22, printed in French. Association Nationale des Ingenieurs et Techniciens du Froid et des Industries Connexes, 129 Blvd. St. Germain, : Paris VI, France. Discusses the early development of quick-freezing of foods, particularly fish. Covers the present situation in the industry, including pro- duction capacity of food freezers in France, national production in 1960, cold-storage capacity, long-dis- tance transport and retail delivery of frozen foods. Reasons for relatively low development of frozen products, and efforts by various organizations to promote the industry are also covered. FRESH-WATER FISH: "Flavor and Aroma of Fish Taken from Four Fresh- Water Sources," by Ruth E. Baldwin, Dorothy H. Strong, and James H. Torrie, article, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 90, no. 2, T961, pp. 175-180, printed. American Fisheries Society, 233 Broadway, New York, N. Y. "Underwater Competition," by Phil Dotson, article, Utah Fish and Game, vol. 18, no. 9, September 1962, pp. 6-7, illus., printed, single copy 25 cents. Utah State Department of Fish and Game, 1596 W. North Temple, Salt Lake City 16, Utah. Describes briefly the game fish's struggle for survival, and the role of the fishery biologist in properly managing fisher - ies resources. The author states that ''To manage fishery resources effectively fisheries biologists must understand how fish compete with each other for available food, and how they must compete for spawning areas, space, oxygen, cover, and other vital requirements. FROZEN FOODS: Frozen Foods in Food Service Establishments, by Kirby M. Hayes and others, Food Management Pro- gram. Leaflet 2, 23 pp., illus., printed. Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture, University 108 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 12 OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. of Massachusetts, 408 Atlantic Ave., Boston 10, Mass. According to the authors, ''Frozen foods are increasingly important in modern food service establishments. Larger supplies, continuing re- search, and greater availability of many types of frozen foods make possible regular and expanding menu uses. The use of frozen foods in restaurants, hotels, and other eating places has brought changes in food preparation and cooking methods. These have come as food service operators capitalize on advantages offered by frozen foods, while at the Same time adopting procedures to minimize the disadvantages. Effective use of frozen foods re- quires a good knowledge of these advantages and disadvantages. It also requires the use of appro- priate ordering, handling, storing, preparation, and cooking procedures. It is the purpose of this leaflet to suggest ways in which food service operators can use frozen foods to best advantage.'' Includes in- formation on thawing and cooking of frozen fish and shellfish, how temperatures affect them, and their storage life at 0° F. GEAR: "Les engins de peche--les palangres" (Fishing Gear -- Long-Lines), by A. Percier, article, France Peche, vol. 7, no. 64, July-August 1962, pp. 75-76, illus., printed in French. France Peche, Service Abon- nement, Boite Postale 179, Lorient (Morbihan), France. "Novyi tip probleskovogo fonara dlia oboznacheniia promyslovykh buiev" (New Type of Flashing Lamp for Marking Fishing Buoys), by Iu. I. Bykhovskii, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 35, no. 6, 1959, pp. 47-50, illus., printed in Russian. VNIRO, Glav- niiproekta, pri Gosplanie SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. "Predokhranitelnoe ustroistvo k tralu'' (Protective Gear for Trawl), by L. I. Denisov, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 35, no. 11, 1959, pp. 46-47, illus., printed in Russian. VNIRO Glavniiproekta, pri Gosplanie SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. Studies of Factors Influencing Catching Potential of Salmon and Trout Fishing Gear, by Marian Szaty- belko, OTS 60-21364, 30 pp., illus., processed, 50 cents. (Translated from the Polish, Prace Mor- skiego Instytutu Rybackiego w Gdyni, no. 9, 1957, pp. 565-596.) Office of Technical Services, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D. C., 1961. "Use of Gill-Net Rollers in Fishery Investigations," by Gordon F. Hartman, article, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 91, no. 2, 1962, _ pp. 224-225, printed. American Fisheries Society, 233 Broadway, New York, N. Y. GENERAL: Some Fishes that Survive Extreme Injuries, and Some Aspects of Tenacity of Life, by Gordon Gunter and J. W. Ward, 7 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Copeia, no. 4, December 19, 1961, pp. 456- 462.) American Society of Ichthyologists and Her- petologists, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, Calif. GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE: GATT Programme for Expansion of International Trade, Trade in Agricultural Products, Secondand | Third Reports of Committee I, GATT/1962-2,50pp., printed, or The Contracting Parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, Geneva, Switzer- land, 1962. (For sale by the International Documents Service, Columbia University Press, 2960 Broadway, New York 27, N. Y.) GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC: Patent Licensing Agreements with Firms in the Fed- eral Republic of Germany and West Berlin, WTIS Part 2, Operations Report No. 62-39, 4 pp., printed, 10 cents. Bureau of International Programs, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C., August 1962. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.) Discusses use of patents for direct invest- ment, utilization of patent rights, taxation, and im- portant considerations to be covered in a licensing contract. GREAT LAKES: "El Arrastrero de los Grandes Lagos'' (The Trawl Fishery in the Great Lakes), article, Pesca y Ma- rina, vol. 14, no. 4, August-September 1962, pp. 18- 20, illus., printed in Spanish. Pesca y Marina, Fernando Flores Ltd., 705 N. Windsor Blvd., Los Angeles 38, Calif. GROWTH OF FISH: "O Kharakteristike Rosta Ryb'' (Characteristics of Fish Growth), by V. L. Bryuzgin, article, Voprosy Ikhtiologii, vol. 15, 1960, pp. 77-90, printed in Rus- sian. Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Ikhtiologicheskaia Komissaia, Moscow, U.S.S.R. GULF OF MEXICO: Gulf Research Reports, vol. 1, no. 3, July 1962, 27pp., “illus., printed. Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, Ocean Springs, Miss. A journal devoted primarily to publication of data of the marine sciences, chiefly of the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent waters. Includes these articles: ''Specific Names of the Atlantic American White Shrimp," by Gordon Gunter; ''On the Names of Penaeus setiferus (L) and Penaeus schmitti Burkenroad," by L. B. Holthuis; "Reply to Dr. L. B. Holthuis on the Names of White Shrimp," by Gordon Gunter; "Studies on the Larval Develop- ment of Rithropanopeus harrisii (Gould) of the Fam- ily Xanthidae (Brachyura)," by M. Roy Hood. HERRING: "Bemerkungen zum gegenwartigen Zustand des atlanto-skandischen Heringsbestandes"' (Remarks on the Present Status of the Atlantic-Scandinavian Herring Stock), by S. Holzlohner, article, Fischerei- Forschung, vol. 5, no. 2, March-April 1962, pp. 6- 11, illus., printed in German. Institut fur Hochsee- fischerei und Fischverarbeitung, Rostock-Marienehe, Germany. Daily Migration of Herring Shoals and Their Reaction to Fishing Gear, by Stanislaw Okonski and Hubert Konkol, OTS 60-21306, 14 pp., illus., processed, 50 cents. (Translated from the Polish, Prace Morskiego Instytutu Rybackiego w Gdyni, no: 9) L957 pp mo49= 363) Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D. C., 1961. "Destruction of the Reproductive Organs of Herring Caused by Ultrasound under Natural Conditions," December 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 109 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. by A. I. Rumyantsev, article, Doklady, vol. 134, no. 4, 1960, pp. 955-958, printed in Russian. Doklady Akademiia Nauk SSR, Podsosenski Per. 21, Moscow B-64, U.S.S.R. Effect of Salinity on the Sperm, Eggs, and Larvae of the Okhotsk Herring, by L. A. Galkina, OTS 61-31037, 15 pp., illus., processed, 50 cents. (Translatedfrom the Russian, Izvestiya Tikhookeanskogo nauchno- issledovatel'skogo instituta rybnogo khozyaistva i okeanografii, vol. 45, 1957, pp. 37-50.) Office of Technical Services, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D. C., 1962. Experiments in the Incubation of Baltic Herring Eggs, by M. M. Toom, OTS 61-31040, 13 pp., illus., proc- essed, 50 cents. (Translated from the Russian, Trudy Vsesoyuznogo nauchno-issledovatel'skogo in- stituta morskogo rybnogo khozyaistva i okeanografii, vol. 34, 1958, pp. 19-29.) Office of Technical Serv- ices, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington 2a), 1D)5 (Gan tee "Results of Scottish Herring Fisheries in 1961 and Prospects for 1962,''by B. B. Parrish, A. Saville, and I. G. Baxter, article, Scottish Fisheries Bul- letin, no. 17, June 1962, pp. 3-12, illus., printed. Marine Laboratory, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland, P. O. Box No. 101, Victoria Rd., Aberdeen, Scotland. "Smasildundersokelsene i Nord-Norge 1961/62" (In- vestigation of Small Herring in Northern Norway in 1961/62), by T. Hognestad, article, Fiskets Gang, vol. 48, no. 32, August 9, 1962, pp. 453-457, illus., printed in Norwegian. Fiskets Gang. Fiskeridirek- toratet, Radstuplass 10, Bergen, Norway. "Swimming Speed of River Herring Pomolobus pseu- doharengus (Wilson),"' by Robert L. Dow, article, Journal du Conseil, vol. 27, no. 1, 1962, pp. 77-80, printed. Conseil Permanent International pour l'Exploration de la Mer, Charlottenlund-Slot, Den- mark. HYBRIDIZATION: Experimental Hybridization Among Three Coregonine Fishes, by E. T. Garside and W. J. Christie, 5 pp., printed. (Reprinted from Transactions of the Amer- ican Fisheries Society, vol. 91, no. 2, April 1962, pp. 196-200.) American Fisheries Society, 233 Broadway, New York, N. Y. HYDROGRA PHY: Uae as Data from the Atlantic Plankton Cruises illus., printed. Virginia Fisheries Laboratory, Gloucester Point, Va., 1961. New Ways of Measuring Salinity and Temperature of Sea Water, by H. Wattenberg and J. Joseph, Trans- 34, 12 pp., printed. (Translated from the German, Annalen der Hydrographie und Maritimen Meteoro- ee 1943, pp. 240-245.) U.S. Navy Hydrographic ice, Washington 25, D. C. Surface Water Temperature and Salinity, Pacific Coast North and South America and Pacific Ocean Islands, C&GS Publication 31-3 (First Edition), 73 pp., illus., processed, 45 cents. Coast and Geodetic Survey, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C., 1962. (For sale by the Superintendent of Doc- uments, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washing- ton 25, D. C.) Summaries of sea water temperatures and salinities are based on observations made in Pacific harbor and coastal waters through the year 1960. Presents monthly and annual means and ex- tremes of the surface water temperatures and salin- ities for each year of observation after 1954. Earlier observations are combined in 5-year groups. Also includes an index map of Pacific Ocean stations, a list of stations, a table for conversion of Fahrenheit to centigrade, and mean temperature and salinity curves. ICE MACHINE: "Ice Maker for Trawlers,'' by P. F. Konoplev, H. A. Abdul'manoy, and V. P. Nekrasov, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 36, January 1960, pp. 66-69, printed in Russian. Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, VNIRO Glavniproe- kta, pri Gosplanie SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT: pp., processed. Small Business Administration, Washington 25, D. C., September 1962. Small busi- nessmen in increasing numbers are taking a new look at export markets. Some of them are seeing tremendous possibilities there. This leaflet is de- signed to help you re-examine foreign markets. It points out that facts are the key to market research, whether domestic or export. The kinds of facts are much the same for both markets. Although there are some differences in overseas markets, these differences often are not as great as they mayseem. Information about specific foreign markets helps owner-managers to work around such differences. ‘This leaflet lists sources, both Government and private, from which small businessmen can get such information. Renovation-Expansion Checklist, Management Aids No. 143, 4 pp., processed. Small Business Admin- istration, Washington 25, D. C., August 1962. A leaflet designed to help small businessmen who face the problem of renovating or expanding their production facilities. The first section, on weak- nesses in present facilities, should help owner- managers determine what sort of renovations are needed. The next section, on what a renovation plan would involve, suggests specific improvements which owners need to consider when drawing up renovation plans. In some cases present facilities may call for an addition to the plant or other ex- pansion. INSECTICIDES: "Insecticide Contamination in a Farm Pond. Part I-- Origin and Duration. Part II--Biological Effects," by H. Page Nicholson and others, article, Trans - actions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 91, no. 2, 1962, pp. 213-222, printed. American Fish- eries Society, 233 Broadway, New York, N. Y. IRAN: Licensing and Exchange Controls--Iran, WTIS Part 2, Operations Report No. 62-42, 4 pp., printed, 10 cents. 110 Bureau of International Programs, U. S. Depart- ment of Commerce, Washington, D. C., August 1962. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.) Discusses Iran's import policy, including licensing and exchange controls, commercial profits tax, prohibited imports, and Iran's export controls. Also discusses United States export and import con- trols and similar information. IRRADIATION PRESERVATION: Food Irradiation, vol. 1, no. 2, October-December 1960, 27 pp., illus., processed. Interdepartmental Committee on Radiation Preservation of Food, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D. C. Includes, among others, the following articles: "Evaluation of the Wholesomeness of Irradiated Food," by H. F. Kraybill; ''Comments on the Whole- someness of Irradiation-Processed Foods," by B. Connor Johnson;''Package Irradiation Plant in U. K.," by F. J. Ley; and "Information to be Supplied in Support of a Request for Authorisation to Possess Radioactive Substances with a View to the Treat- ment of Foodstuffs by Ionising Radiations, France." Food Preservation by Irradiation, 1951-58, CTR-357, 4 pp., processed. Office of Technical Services, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D. C., May 1959. A bibliography of publications on radiation preservation of foods. Includes an ex- planation of how to order the reports, addresses of Department of Commerce Field Offices, and types of reports available from them. "The Radiation Department of the Federal Research Institute for Food Preservation in Karlsruhe (Ger- many)," by J. Kuprianoff, article, Food Irradiation, vol. 1, no. 4, April-June 1961, pp. 7-8, illus., proc- essed. Interdepartmental Committee on Radiation Preservation of Food, U. S. Department of Com- merce, Washington 25, D. C. ISRAEL: Fishermen's Bulletin, vol. 4, no. 2 (32), June 1962, 32 pp., illus., printed in Hebrew with English ab- stracts. Sea Fisheries Research Station, P. O. B. 699, Haifa, Israel. Includes, among others, arti- cles on: "Israel South Red Sea Expedition, 1962," by O. H. Oren; ''Fisheries Investigations of the ISRSE (Part 1. Thunnids),"' by A. Ben-Tuvia; ''Trans- port of Fish from the Red Sea to Eilat," by Z. Sam- ish and A. Har-Tabor; ''Hybrids of Two Species of Fishes of the Genus Tilapia (Cichlidae, Teleostei),"' by L. Fishelson; ''Fisheries in USSR," by S. Tal; and "On the Fisheries of Israel,"' by M. Shavit. ITALY: "Italian Fisheries,'' by Giuseppe Milone, article, Review of the Economic Conditions in Italy, vol. 16, no. 2, March 1962, pp. 130-145, illus., printed. Banco di Roma, Ufficio Studi, Casella Postale 2442, Rome A/D, Italy. Discusses the role of the fish- eries in the Italian economy, necessity for increas- ing the total productivity of the fisheries, mecha- nization of the fleet and government regulation of and aid to the fisheries, and size of the fleet and production. Also discusses the excessively large difference between production and consumption prices, the setting up of fishery cooperatives, par- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol, 24, No, 12 ticipation of the Italian fishing fleet in the Atlantic Ocean fishery and the necessity of constructing suitable harbors for this purpose, and the necessity for increased fishery production to meet the needs of the expanding world population. KENYA: Report on Kenya Fisheries, 1961, 25 pp., printed, 3 s. (about 42 U. S. cents). Government Printer, Nairobi, Kenya, 1962. Reviews the work done by Kenya's Fisheries Department in inland fisheries develop- ment, Lake Victoria fisheries, a fish-culture farm, and a trout hatchery and fisheries. Discusses the fishery survey and possibilities of dried fish produc- tion at Lake Randolph. The section on sea fisheries discusses landings and value of fishery products, imports, markets, loans to fishermen, crawfish land- ings, catch of green turtles, and the shark fishery. Also covered are two experimental fishing surveys, oyster culture, use of fish-finding gear, gear re- search, netting trials, deep-sea snapper traps, drift- ing shark long lines, and big-game fishing. Included are statistical tables showing landings and value of fish and shellfish. KING CRAB: King Crab (PARALITHODES CAMTSCHATICA) Re- coveries in 1962 from Alitak Bay Tagging, by Guy C. Powell, Information Leaflet No. 19,5 pp., illus., processed. Division of Biological Research, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska, Sep- tember 28, 1962. Of the 5,976 adult male king crabs tagged in August 1961 in Alitak Bay (Alaska), 517 were recovered in July 1962. Tag recovery had been heavy during previous months as well as during July, and as a result, approximately 2,500 crabs (42 per- cent) had been captured since release, Length- Width Relationships of Carapace Measurements of the King Crab (PARALTTHODES CAMTSCHATICA), by Roy Rickey and William Sheridan, Informational Leaflet No. 2, 6 pp., illus., processed. Division of Biological Research, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska, October 1961. Because taking both carapace length and carapace width measure- ments of male king crabs requires more time than taking only the length measurement, and because width measurements are subject to greater error, a calculated width was developed and is presented. Data from male king crabs measured in Chiniak Bay, Southeastern Bering Sea, and Kachemak Bay are analyzed and compared. No significant differ- ence was found between slopes of the carapace width- length relationship lines from the three areas. Tests also showed that the length-width relationship for Chiniak Bay data was definitely linear. LAMPREY: "Studies on European Lampreys,'' by Giuseppe S. J. Zanandrea, article, Evolution, vol. 15, no. 4, 1961, pp. 523-534, printed. Society for the Study of Evolu- tion, American Museum of Natural History, New York 24, N. Y. LANE SNAPPER: Estudios Estadisticos y Biologicos sobre la Biajaiba ~ (LUTIANUS SYNAGRIS) (Statistical and Biological Studies on the Lane Snapper--Lutianus synagris), by Zeida Rodriguez Pino, Nota Sobre Investigaciones No. 4, 88 pp., illus., printed-in Spanish with French resume. Centro de Investigaciones Pesqueras, Playa Habana, Bauta, Cuba, April 1962. December 1962 LARVAE: "On the Relation between the Numbers of Eggs, the Larvae of Fishes and the Volume of Plankton Col- lected Simultaneously with the Larval Net," by Tetsushi Senta, article, Japanese Journal of Ecology, vol. 11, no. 6, 1961, pp. 221-223, printed. Ecological Society of Japan, c/o Biological Institute, Tohoku, Japan. LOBSTERS: "Lobster Storage Problem Solved," article, Modern Refrigeration, vol. 134, February 1962, p. 134, printed. Refrigeration Press Ltd., Maclaren House, 131 Great Suffolk St., London SE1, England. "Refrigerated Storage of Lobsters,'' by H. J. Thomas, article, Scottish Fisheries Bulletin, no. 17, June 1962, pp. 16-20, illus., printed. Marine Laboratory, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scot- land, P. O. Box 101, Victoria Rd., Aberdeen, Scot- land. LOUISIANA: "Distribution of Fishes in Lake Bistineau, Louisiana," by Victor W. Lambou, article, Journal of Wildlife Management, vol. 26, no. 2, 1962, pp. 193-203, printed. Wildlife Society, 2000 P St. NW., Washing- tons Ds.C: NETHERLANDS ANTILLES: Import Tariff System of the Netherlands Antilles (Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao), WTIS Part 2, Operations Report No. 62-46, 2 pp., printed, 10 cents. Bureau of International Programs, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C., August 1962. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.) Dis- cusses the territory included; currency, weights, and measures; bases of duties; method of payment of duty; sales and other internal taxes; exchange regulations; and trade restrictions. Also discusses the absence of requirements of customs surtaxes, preferential duties, and consular documents and fees. NETS: Conseil Permanent International pour 1'Exploration de la Mer, Charlottenlund Slot, Denmark, April1962. The gauge described in this prospectus was developed under the auspices of the Comparative Fishing Com- mittee of the International Council for the Explora- tion of the Sea. It represents, in the opinion of the Committee, a combination of the best features of the various gauges which have been developed in recent years, and it has been adopted as the standard gauge for research purposes by the Council in place of the 1959 Westhoff Gauge which was previously adopted as an interim standard. NEW ZEALAND: Commercial Fishing, vol. 1, no. 1, September 1962, 32 pp., illus., printed, annual subscription rate (12 copies), 36/-; Australia 47/6; U. K. and foreign 38/-; U. S. and Canada $5.50. (Sole subscription agents: R. Hill & Son Ltd., Cnr. Crowhurst and Kent Sts., Newmarket, Auckland, New Zealand.) Commercial Fishing, Trade Publications Ltd., 47 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW ibaa Lewis Eady Bldg., 192 Queen St., Auckland, New Zealand. The first issue of a new periodical de- voted to the New Zealand fishing industry. Itstates that, 'In launching the journal, the publishers were influenced by two main considerations: commercial fishing is the only New Zealand primary industry which has not hitherto been served by its own pub- lication; and secondly, all indications are that the industry is approaching a period of all-time record growth." Includes, among others, articles on: Wholesalers and Fishermen Call for More Dynam- ic Approach toIndustry Development,''by A. R. Simm; "Latest Statistics: Last Year's Fish Catch;" "Tuna Project Could be Based on New Zealand and the Cook Islands,''by Ronald Powell; ''Dunedin Exporter, Back from World Tour, Reports on Overseas Markets;" "Programme for an Integrated Fishing Industry," by W. B. Sutch; 'Disputes and Bad Weather Heavily Re- duce 1962 Oyster Catch;" ''Cutting Cables Can Be Dan- gerous--and Costly;"'''Six Fishing Boats Being Built at Port Chalmers;" "Inflatable Liferafts Have Saved Many Lives;"'''Dorman Engines Power Fishing Craft Throughout the World;''''Facilities Being Expanded for Timaru''s Growing Fleet;'' ''San Rosa Makes Ex- perimental Trawl in Bay of Plenty;" "Quest, New Gis- borne Tuna Boat, Will Use Long Line Method of Fish- ing;''and ''New Charts are Important Aids to Navigation.” NIGERIA: printed, 15 cents. Bureau of International Programs, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C., July 1962. (For sale by the Superintendent of Docu- ments, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washing- ton 25, D. C.) Discusses the Nigerian Government's policy on private foreign investment, incentives to industrial development, foreign ownership, trade factors, and customs tariff. It also discusses types of business organization, industrial property rights, legislation, regulations affecting employment, and taxation. NORTHERN PIKE: The Growth and Harvest of Stocked Yearling Northern Pike, ESOX LUCIUS Linnaeus, in a Minnesota Wall- eye Lake, by Merlyn L. Wesloh and Donald E. Olson, Investigational Report 242, 9 pp., printed. Minnesota Department of Conservation, Division of Game and Fish, 301 Centennial Bldg., 658 Cedar St., St. Paul 1, Minn. NORWAY: Fiskeflaten 1961 (Fishing Fleet, 1961), Arsberetning vedkommende Norges Fiskerier (1961) No. 13, 30pp., illus., printed in Norwegian. A.s John Griegs Bok- trykkeri, Bergen, Norway, 1962. Licensing and Exchange Controls--Norway, WTIS Part 2, Operations Report No. 62-41, 4 pp., printed, 10 cents. Bureau of International Programs, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C., Au- gust 1962. (For sale by the Superintendent of Docu- ments, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washing- ton 25, D. C.) Discusses Norway's import controls including licensing and exchange controls and export controls including the free list and exchange con- trols. Also discusses United States controls on ex- ports and imports from Norway and related information. 112 "Melding fra Fiskeridirektoren 26/7 1962, Fisker- ioverenskomsten mellom Norge og Sovjet-Sam- veldet'’ (Announcement of the Fisheries Director, July 26, 1962; Agreement on Fisheries between Norway and the Soviet Union), article, Fiskets Gang, vol. 48, no. 30, July 26, 1962, pp. 422-427, printed in Norwegian. Fiskets Gang, Fiskeridirektoratet, Radstuplass 10, Bergen, Norway. Norges Handel, 1960, Del IL (Foreign Trade of Nor- way, 1960, Part I), Norway's Official Statistics, Series 12, no. 73, 259 pp., printed in Norwegian with English titles. Central Bureau of Statistics of Norway, Oslo, Norway, 1962. Discusses foreign trade statistics and the balance of current account, imports and exports of foods included in foreign trade statistics, and index numbers of volume and price. Also covers imports and exports by principal commodities (including fishery products), and for - eign trade by countries and by ports of entry. Presents statistical tables showing imports and ex- ports by sections and divisions, by groups anditems, and by principal countries and commodities. Com- modities are classified according to the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC). NUTRITION: "Mathematical Theory of Nutritional Relationship of Fishes," by V. S. Ivlev, article, Nature, vol. 192, October 28, 1961, pp. 297-298, printed. Nature, St. Martin's Press, 175 5th Ave., New York 10, N. Y. OCEANOGRAPHY: Bottom Topography from "Crawford" Cruise Ten Ob- tained for the International Geophysical Year of | 1957-58, by Robert Allen Lufburrow, 8 pp., illus., printed. Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass., 1957. Datos Oceanograficos de la Playa Habana: II (Ocean- ographic Data for Havana Beach. III), by Jose A. Perez Sori, Contribucion No. 16, 26 pp., illus., printed in Spanish with French resume. Centro de Investigaciones Pesqueras, Playa Habana, Bauta, Cuba, June 1962. Meeres-Mikrobiologie Tiefseeforschungen (Deep-Sea Microbiology), by A. E. Kriss, 579 pp., illus., printed in German, 98.10 D. M. (about US$24.53). Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, Federal Republic of Germany, 1961. Presents a composite picture of the vertical and horizontal distribution of bacterial populations throughout the world's seas and oceans, including the effects thereon of various seasonal, geographical, and other factors. Includes descrip- tions of the various species of bacteria, yeasts, and actinomycetes encountered and their morphological variations, both vertical and horizontal. Describes the microbial biomass in the seas and oceans. Covers microorganisms in relation to the biological productivity of the ocean. Oceanographic Data from "Crawford" Cruise Ten Ob- tained for the International Geophysical Year of — 1957-58, by Frederick Charles Fuglister, 129 pp., illus., printed. Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass., 1957. Oceanographic Instrumentation: Salinity, Tempera- ture, and Sound Ve ocity Measurements, 98 pp., COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 12 printed. Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, Missiles and Space Division, Sunnyvale, Calif., 1960. The Present Status of Knowledge Concerning the Pri- mary Production of the Ocean, by O. Koblents -Mish- ke, Translation 147, 28 pp., printed. (Translated from the Russian, Okeanologiya, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 95- 106.) U.S. Hydrographic Office, Washington, D. C., 1962. Processing Physical and Chemical Data from Oceano- graphic Stations, Manual Series Publication M-2, 110 pp., illus., processed, 90 cents. National Ocean- ographic Data Center, Washington, D. C., 1962. (For sale by U. S. Navy Hydrographic Office, Washington 25, D. C.) The National Cceanographic Data Center is sponsored by 6 government agencies having an interest in the marine environment. The sponsoring agencies are Atomic Energy Commission, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Coast and Geodetic Survey, Department of the Navy, National Science Foundation, and Weather Bureau. This publication describes the methods used at the National Oceanographic Center (NODC) for reducing processed physical and chemi- cal oceanographic station data to a standard format. It is intended also for use by other agencies or con- tributors interested in furnishing oceanographic data to NODC or making their data systems compatible with those of NODC. An outline of the format of the Computed Card is included in order to acquaint the users of the NODC oceanographic station data hold- ings with the end product of the routinely performed computations. "'Sovremennoye Sostoyaniye Izucheniya Pervichnoy Produktsii Okeana'' (The Present Status of Knowl- edge Concerning the Primary Production of the Ocean), by O. I. Koblents-Mishke, article, Okeano- logiya, vol. 1, no. 1, 1961, pp. 95-106, printed in Russian. Okeanologiya, Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mos- cow, U.S.S.R. Transparency Records as a Method of Oceanographic - al Investigation, by Joachim Joseph, Translation 108, 20 pp., illus., printed. (Translated from the German, Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift, vol. 3, nos. 1/2, May 1950, pp. 69-77.) U. S. Hydrographic Office, Washington, D. C., 1961. OYSTER DRILLS: Transportation of Oyster Drills by Horseshoe ''Crabs," by Clyde L. MacKenzie, Jr., 2 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Science, vol. 137, no. 3523, July 6, 1962, pp. 36-37.) American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1515 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washington 5, D. C. Observations indicate that horseshoe "crabs" (Limulus polyphemus) which were collected in New Haven Harbor, Long Island Sound, had large numbers of oyster drills attached to them. Since these animals migrate long dis- tances, they may be important distributors of oys- ter drills. OYSTERS: "Are Oysters Edible during the Summer Season," by Motokazu Asano and Masao Itoh, article, Tohoku Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 12, October 1961, pp. 2 55-043, printed. The Faculty of Agricul- ture, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. December 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 113 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FRCM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. Collecting Spat and Producing Bedding Oysters on Shell Strings, by J. C. Medcof, General Series Cir- cular No. 36, 3 pp., illus., printed. Fisheries Re- search Board of Canada, Biological Station, St. Andrews, N. B., Canada, July 1962. Describes ways of collecting spat, preparing shell strings, and use of shell strings in deeper water and the intertidal zone. Also describes wintering spat onshell strings, rearing spat to bedding size, and separating bedding oysters. Older and useful Japanese methods are also described. “Respiration, Electron-Transport Enzymes, and Krebs-Cycle Enzymes in Early Developmental Stages of the Oyster Crassostrea virginica, by Robert E. Black, article, The Biological Bulletin, vol. 123, no. 1, August 1962, pp. 58-70, printed, single copy $2.50. The Biological Bulletin, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. Seasonal Cycle of Condition Index of Oysters in the York and Rappahannock Rivers, by Dexter Haven, Contribution no. 104, 25 pp., illus., processed. (Re- printed from Proceedings of the National Shellfish- eries Association, vol. 51, 1960, pp. 42-66.) Vir- ginia Institute of Marine Science, Virginia Fisheries Laboratory, Gloucester Point, Va. Five series of studies were made to test for differences in con- dition index of oysters grown in the York and Rappa- hannock Rivers. Oysters were cultured in elevated trays and on the bottom from 1956 through 1961. All groups came from a Single source and were selected for uniformity in size. Results showedthat, in general, the level of quality in the York was al- most always lower than in the Rappahannock. Dif- ferences in level of index between tray and bottom oysters were not associated with presence of Der- mocystidium or Pinnotheres ostreum or with age or crowding, but were probably the result of factors associated with the bottom. "Ultra-Violet Light Helps Oyster Cleaning," article, New Scientist, vol. 12, December 7, 1961, p. 605, printed. Harrison, Raison and Co. Ltd., Cromwell House, Fulwood Place, High Holborn, London WC1, England. PACKAGING: "Fish-in-Bags Hook Plus-Sales,"' by R. Bloomberg, article, Food Engineering, vol. 32, no. 6, 1960, p. 99, printed. Food Engineering, Chilton Co., Chestnut and 56th Sts., Philadelphia 39, Pa. "Packaging of AFD Foods - Progress Report,'' by J. L. Mills, article, Sales Appeal and Packaging Technology, vol. 3, no. 10, 1961, pp. 10-12, 14, 16, printed. Creative Journals, Ltd., 9 Grosvenor St., London W1, England. PARASITES: Immature Nematodes of the Genus CONTRACAECUM Railliet and Henry, 1912, from Shrimps, by Robert F. Hutton, Thelma Ball, and Bonnie Eldred, Con- tribution No. 65, 6 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from The Journal of Parasitology, vol. 48, no. 2, April 1962, pp. 327-332.) Florida State Board of Conservation, W. V. Knott Bldg., Tallahassee, Fla. "Rapid Counting of Nematodes in Salmon by Peptic Digestion," by J. A. Stern and others, article Bul- letin, International North Pacific Fisheries Com- mission, no. 3, 1961, pp. 1-4, printed. School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. PASTEURIZATION: Pasteurization--a Method of Extending Storage Life of Shellfish Meat,” by C. F. Dunker and G. W. Whar- ton, paper presented at FAO International Conference on Fish in Nutrition, Washington, D. C., 17-29 Sep- tember 1961, printed in English with French and Spanish abstracts. Food and Agriculture Organiza- tion of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, 1961. PENNSYLVANIA: servation Education Commission, Pennsylvania Fish Commission, South Office Bldg., Harrisburg, Pa. PERU: Algunos Peces Nuevos y Poco Conocidos de la Fauna Marina del Peru (Some New and Little Known Fish of the Marine Fauna of Peru), by Norma F. Chirich- igno, Serie de Divulgacion Cientifica No. 17, 29 pp., illus., printed in Spanish. Servicio de Pesqueria, Lima, Peru, 1962. PHYSIOLOGY: "Die abhangigkeit des Standardmetabolismus vom Gewicht der Fische' (The Relation Between Stand- ard Metabolism and Weight of Fishes), by E. Zeis- berger, article, Zeitschrift fur Fischerei, vol. 10, nos. 1-3, 1961, pp. 203-219, printed in German with English and Russian summary. Neumann Verlag, 19 Dr. Schmincke Allee, Radebeul 1, Germany. PICKEREL: "The Redfin Pickerel Esox A. Americanus in North Carolina, by E. J. Crossman, article, Copeia, no. 1, 1962, pp. 114-123, printed. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, Calif. POISONOUS FISH: "Ciguetera: Tropical Fish Poisoning,'' by J. E. Ran- dall, article, Sea Frontiers, vol. 7, no. 3, 1961, pp. 130-139, illus., printed. International Oceanographic Foundation, The Marine Laboratory, University of Miami, #1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. POLLOCK: "The Growth Rate of New England Pollock," by John M. Hoberman and Albert C. Jensen, article, Trans- actions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 91, American Fish- eries Society, 233 Broadway, New York, N. Y. POND FISH: "Materialy po Kormovoi Baze i Ikhtiofaune Girinskogo Vodokhranilishcha"' (Data on the Food Supply and the Fish Reserves of the Girin Reservoir), by B. V. Verigin, article, Biulleten Instituti Biologia Vodo- khranilishchev, no. 7, 1960, pp. 35-37, printed in Russian. Instituti Biologia Vodokhranilishchev, Moscow, U.S.S.R. PORTUGAL: 114 1962 (Tuna Vessel Owners! Guild, Report of Opera- tions in 1961 and Budget for 1962), 17 pp., printed in Portuguese. Comissao Revisora de Contas, Lis- bon, Portugal, January 24, 1962. PREDATORS: "O Roli Khishchnykh Bespozvonochnykh v Dinamike Chislennosti Prokhodnykh Ryb"' (The Role of Preda- tory Invertebrates in the Dynamics of Abundance of Migratory Fishes), by V. I. Vladimirov, article, Voprosy Ikhtiologii, vol. 16, 1960, pp. 56-66, printed in Russian. Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Ikhtiologicheskaia Komissaia, Moscow, U.S.S.R. PROCESSING: "Technology of Fish Processing, by T. I. Makarova, 263 pp., printed, $2.75. The National Science Foun- dation, 1951 Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DAC 1960) PROTEINS: "Phospholipids in Fish Lipoproteins," by June Olley, article, Biochemical Journal, vol. 81, December 1961, pp. 29p-30p, printed. The Biochemical Journal, Cambridge University Press, 200 Euston Rd., London NW1, England. "Phospholipids in Fish Proteins," by J. Olley, article, Biochemical Journal, vol. 18, no. 3, 1961, pp. 29p- 30p, printed. Biochemical Journal, Cambridge Uni- versity Press, 200 Euston Rd., London NW1, England. RED TIDE: Red-Water Blooms Off Northern Chile, April-May 1956, with Reference to the Ecology of the Sword- fish and the Striped Marlin, by Donald P. de Sylva, 9 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Pacific Sci- ence, vol. 16, no. 3, July 1962, pp. 271-279.) Pacific Science, Office of Publications, University of Hawaii, Honolulu 14, Hawaii. REFRIGERATED SEA WATER: "Het koelen van vis en garnalen in taks met zeewater" (Cooling and Keeping of Fish and Small Shrimps in Seawater), by L. van Pel, article, Visserijwereld, vol. 20, 1961, nos. 51-52, 1961, pp. 27-29, illus., printed in Dutch. Visserijwereld, N. V. Drukkerij Trio, 27 Nobelstraat, The Hague, Netherlands. ROCKFISH: "Seasons of Birth of Rockfish Sebastodes Spp. in Oregon Coastal Waters," by Charles R. Hitz, arti- cle, Transactions of the American Fisheries Soci- ety, vol. 91, no. 2, 1962, pp. 231-233, printed. American Fisheries Society, 233 Broadway, New Wonks: Nin Yc RUMANIA: Data on Fish in the Bistrita River and their Long Range Prospects for Development in the Bicaz Stor - age Lake, by Ion Miron, JPRS 13484, 10 pp., illus., processed. (Translated from the Rumanian, Natura - Seria Biologie, vol. 13, no. 5, September -October 1961, pp. 61-65.) Sales and Distribution Section, Office of Technical Services, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D. C., April 16, 1962. SALMON: "Atlantic Salmon Production in Cove Brook, Maine," by Alfred L. Meister, article, Transactions of the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 12 American Fisheries Society, vol. 91, no. 2, 1962, pp. 208-212, printed. American Fisheries Society, 233 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Causes of Fluctuations in the Abundance of ONCOR- HYNCHUS NERKA (Walbaum) of the Ozernaya River (Kamchatka), by T. V. Egorova and others, 17 pp., illus., printed, 1962. (Translated from Vopros Ikhtiologii, vol. 1, no. 3 (20), 1961, pp. 439-447.) Fisheries Research Institute, College of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash., 1962. "Comparative Hooking Mortality between Treble and Single Hooks on Silver Salmon," by J. E. Lasater and Frank Haw, article, Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission Bulletin 5, 1961, pp. 73-76, printed. Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission, 741 State Office Bldg., 1400 SW Sth Ave., Portland 1, Oreg. "Development of a Fast-Growing Strain of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar), by J. A. Dalziel and K. G. Shillington, article, The Canadian Fish Culturist, Issue 30, 1961, pp. 57-59, printed. Information and Educational Service, Department of Fisheries, Ot- tawa, Canada. "The Distribution of Phosphatides in the Organs of Salmon," by V. I. Trusov, article, Biochemistry, vol. 25, no. 1, 1960, pp. 17-19, printed. Biochem- istry, Consultants Bureau, 227 W. 17th St., New York 11, N. Y. The Effect of Tricaine Methanesulphonate (MS 222) ~ and/or Chilled Water on Oxygen Consumption of Sockeye Salmon (ONCORHYNCHUS NERKA Fry, by William R. Meehan and L. Revel, Informational Leaflet 4, 5 pp., illus., processed. Division of Bio- logical Research, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska, December 6, 1961. In con- junction with a research program involving the transportation of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) fry for stocking purposes, three series of laboratory tests were run to determine the oxygen consumption of the fry and their apparent condition using tricaine methanesulphonate (MS 222) and/or cold water to decrease the rate of respiration. An External Characteristic to Differentiate between King and Silver Salmon Juveniles in Alaska, by William R. Meehan and John S. Vania, Informational Leaflet No. 1, 6 pp., illus., processed. Division of Biological Research, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska, March 20, 1961. Discusses several methods for distinguishing between the two species, including one which has a high degree of accuracy. This method utilizes the finding that in the king salmon juvenile the adipose fin is not com- pletely mottled but has a clear area, generally at the anterior base of the fin. In the silver salmon juvenile, however, the adipose fin is completely mottled. Frequency of Digging Movements of Female Pink Salmon before and after Egg Deposition, by William L. Sheridan, Contribution No. 68, 3 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Animal Behaviour, vol. 8, July- October 1960, pp. 3-4.) School of Fisheries, Univer- sity of Washington, Seattle, Wash. "Influence of Oxygen Concentration on the Growth of Juvenile Coho Salmon," by Robert B. Herrmann, December 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 115 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE Charles E. Warren, and Peter Doudoroff, article, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 91, no. 2, 1962, pp. 155-167, printed. American Fisheries Society, 233 Broadway, New York, N. Y. "The Landlocked Salmon Spawning Run at Cross Lake Thoroughfare, Maine,'' by Kendall Warner, article, Copeia, no. 1, 1962, pp. 131-138, printed. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, Calif. "Materialy po Etiologii i Patogenezu Belopyatnistoi Bolezni Lichinok Lososevykh Ryb" (Data on the Etiology and Pathogenesis of White-Spot Disease of the Fry of the Salmonidae), by A. D. Shishanina, article, Trudy Soveshchanii Ikhtiologiia Komissiya Akademiia Nauk SSSR, vol. 9, 1959, pp. 94-98, printed in Russian. Trudy Soveshchanii Ikhtiologiia Komissiya Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Four Continent Book Corp., 156 5th Ave., New York 10, N. Y. Muscle Proteins of Pacific Salmon (ONCORHYNCHUS). --An Investigation of Muscle Protein and Other Substances Soluble in Sait Solutions of Low Tonic Strength by Column Chromatography, by H. Tsuyuki, 1a Robe and R. E. A. Gadd, 9 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Canadian Journal of Biochemistr and Physiology, vol. 40, 1962, pp. 919-927.) Divi- Sion of Administration, The National Research Coun- cil, Sussex St., Ottawa, Canada. "A Note on the Practical Use of a Salmon Repellent," by C. R. Forrester, article, The Canadian Fish Cul- turist, Issue 30, 1961, pp. 61-62, printed. Informa- tion and Educational Service, Department of Fish- eries, Ottawa, Canada. Preliminar Survey of Afognak Lake, by William L. Sheridan, William R. Meehan, and L. Revet, Infor- mational Leaflet No. 5, 16 pp., illus., processed. Division of Biological Research, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska, December 15, 1961. The general objective of this survey was to find out if factors limiting sockeye salmon produc- tion in the area could be discovered and using pre- liminary findings recommend directions future work should take. Newfoundland, by David L. Belding and Georges Pre- fontaine, Contribution no. 82, 104 pp., illus., printed in English and French. Department of Fisheries, Quebec, Canada, 1961. Steroid Hormones in the Plasma of Salmon at Various States of Maturation, by P. J. Schmidt and D. R. Idler, 11 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Gen- eral and Comparative Endocrinology, vol. 2, no. 2, April 1962, pp. 204-214.) General and Comparative Endocrinology, Academic Press Inc., 125 E. 23rd St., New York 10, N. Y. Summary of Recent Knowledge of Certain Factors Influencing Survival of Salmon in Freshwater, by William L. Sheridan, Informational Leaflet No. 3, 5 pp., processed. Division of Biological Research, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska, November 20, 1961. Studies show that: (1) high dissolved oxygen levels and high seepage velocities are necessary for high survival of salmon eggs; (2) major source of water containing high dis- solved oxygen content is the surface of the stream; (3) since one of the limiting factors to a high rate of interchange is permeability of the streambed, it fol- lows that addition of fine sand and silt will be detri- mental to survival and, conversely, removal will be beneficial. "Yaponskii Lososevyi Promysel v Otkrytom More i Ego Vliyanie na Zapasy Krasnoi'' (The Japanese Open-Sea Salmon Industry and Its Effect on Sockeye Salmon Stocks), by F. V. Krogius, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, no. 2, 1961, pp. 33-36, printed in Rus- sian. VNIRO Glavniproekta, pri Gosplanie SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. "Zabolevaniya Molodi Baltiiskogo Lososya pri Iskus- stvennom Vyrashchivanii'’ (Diseases of Young Baltic Salmon under Conditions of Artificial Rearing), by O. N. Bauer and Yu. A. Strelkov, article, Trudy Soveshchanii Ikhtiologiia Komissiya Akademiia Nauk SSSR, vol. 9, 1959, pp. 86-90, printed in Russian. Trudy Soveshchanii, Ikhtiologiia Komissiya Akademi- ia Nauk SSSR, Four Continent Book Corp., 156 5th Ave., New York 10, N. Y. SALT FISH: "Changes in Salted Fish during Storage in Salt Solu- tions,'' by I. Ya. Kleimenov, Z. P. Uspensakaya, and T. M. Lebedeva, article, Israel Program of Scientif- ic Translations (PST) Catalogue, no. 109, 1960, pp. 142-160, printed. (Translated from the Russian, Trudy VNIRQO, vol. 35, 1958, pp. 159-176.) Israel Program of Scientific Translations Catalogue, 14 Shammai St., Jerusalem, Israel. "La grande peche salee est-ell encore viable?" (Will the Great Salt Fish Industry Still Be Able to Sur- vive?), by Jean Jouen, article, France Peche, vol. 7, no. 64, July-August 1962, pp. 27-30, illus., printed in French. France Peche, Service Abonnement, Boite Postale 179, Lorient (Morbihan), France. "Studies on the Storage Characteristics and Packag- ing of Sun-Dried Salted Mackerel (Rastrelliger Kana- gurta Cuv.),'' by D. P. Sen and others, ie Food Science, vol. 10, no. 5, 1961, pp. 148-156, printed. Food Science, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India. SARDINES: "Dix patrons pecheurs de la cote Atlantique ont etudie les methodes de peche de la sardine en Mediterranee" (Ten Fishing Vessel Masters from the Atlantic Coast have Studied Sardine Fishing Methods in the Mediter- ranean), article, La Peche Maritime, vol. 41, no. 1013, August 1962, pp. 565-566, printed in French. La Peche Maritime, 190, Boulevard Haussmann. Paris, France. "Estudio del Crecimiento de la Sardina Gallega" (Study of the Growth of the Galician Sardine), by B. Andreu and Maria Luisa Fuster de Plaza, article, Industrias Pesqueras, vol. 36, no. 841-842, May 15, 1962, pp. 164-165, 167, illus., printed in Spanish. Industrias Pesqueras, 21/2 Policarpo Sanz, Vigo, Spain. "The Fatty Acid Composition of the Lipids of Some Pacific Sardine Tissues in Relation to Ovarian THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE Maturation and Diet,'' by Reuben Lasker and Gail H. Theilacker, article, Journal of Lipid Research, vol. 3, January 1962, pp. 60-64, printed. Journal of Lipid Research, University Publishers, Inc., 59 E. 54th St., New York 22, N. Y. "The Nutritive Value of Maine Sardines. I--Chemical Composition,"' by B. E. Proctor and others, article, Journal of Food Science, vol. 26, 1961, pp. 283-287, printed. Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. SEA GRASSES: Distribution of Seagrasses in Tampa Bay, Florida, by Ronald C. Phillips, Special Scientific Report No. 6, 12 pp., illus., processed. Florida State Board of Conservation, W. V. Knott Bldg., Talahassee, Fla., September 1962. SEAWEED MEAL: "Forsok med tang og taremjol som sikringsfor til kyllinger og honer. I'' (Experiments with Seaweed Meals as Supplements to Rations for Chicks and Laying Hens. I), by J. Hoie and O. Sandvik; II, by J. Hoie, O. Sandvik, and F. Sannan, articles, Meld- inger, Norges Landbrukshogsk, vol. 35, 1956, pp. 121-169; vol. 39, no. 19, 1960, 76 pp., printed in Norwegian with English summary. Meldinger fra Norges Landbrukshogskole, Vollebekk, Norway. SHAD: "A Late Report on the Susquehanna Shad Study," by Albert M. Day, article, Pennsylvania Angler, vol. 31, no. 8, August 1962, pp. 2-3, illus., printed, single copy 25 cents. Pennsylvania Fish Commission, South Office Bldg., Harrisburg, Pa. SHARK AND DOLPHIN: "New Records for Occurrence of the White-Tip Shark, Pterolamiops longimanus Poey, and the Dolphin, Coryphaena hippurus L., in the Northwest Atlantic," by 2 N. Tibbe, article, Journal of the Fisheries Re- of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. SHARKS: "A Hunter's Observation of Shark Behavior," by W. Travis, article, New Scientist, vol. 11, 1961, pp. 646-648, illus., printed. The New Scientist, Harri- son, Raison and Co. Ltd., Cromwell House, Fulwood Pl., High Holborn, London WC1, England. "Let a Sleeping Shark Lie,'' by J. E. Randall, article, Sea Frontiers, vol. 7, no. 3, 1961, pp. 153-159, illus., printed. International Oceanographic Founda- tion, The Marine Laboratory, University of Miami, #1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. "A Pharmacological Method for Killing Sharks," by S. A. C. Watson, article, Australian Journal of Science, vol. 24, no. 1, 1961, pp. 43-44, printed. Australian Journal of Science, Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science, Science House, 157-161 Gloucester St., Sydney, Australia. SHRIMP: Quartermaster Corps Interim Purchase Description for Shrimp, Frozen, Raw, Breaded, IP/DES CS-14-2, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 12 BUT USUALLY MAY BE eae 22 pp., processed. Headquarters, New Orleans Re- gion, Defense Subsistence Supply Center, 4400 Dau- phine St., New Orleans 40, La., September 4, 1962. This interim purchase description covers the re- quirements for frozen, raw, breaded shrimp for use by the Armed Forces as an item of general issue. The term "shrimp" refers to the tail portion of the shrimp. This document was developed for use in lieu of a coordinated specification which is now or soon will be in process of preparation or revision. Effective with contracts awarded on and after No- vember 1962, all requirements for Shrimp, Frozen, Raw, Breaded, Style V only, will be purchased under this interim purchase description--IP/DES CS-14-2. Reproduction, Development and Rearing of PENAEUS JAPONICUS Bate, by Motosaku Fujinaga, 120 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Japanese Journal of Zoology, vol. 10, no. 2, 1942, pp. 305-393.) Research Institute of Nippon Suisan Kaisya, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. According to the author, the shrimp, Panaeus japoni- cus, is one of the most important crustaceans in Japan from the fisherman's point of view. This paper describes experimental studies since 1935 regarding its reproduction and development, and method of rear- ing the larva at each stage of its life cycle. Studies on the Biology of the Pink Shrimp, PENAEUS DUORARUM, Burkenroad, in Everglades National Park, Florida, by Durbin C. Tabb, David L. Dubrow, and Andrew E. Jones, Technical Series No. 37, 28 pp., illus., printed. Florida State Board of Conservation, W. V. Knott Bldg., Tallahassee, Fla., May 1962. The biology of pink shrimp of northern Florida Bay was studied in conjunction with other studies on the ecol- ogy of estuarine plants and animals in a natural fluc- tuating environment. More than 25,000 juvenile pink shrimp collected during the period September 1957 through April 1962 were examined for length and sex composition. Also studied were periods of abundance, catch-per-unit-effort, causes of shrimp mortality, growth, movement, and distribution in relation to salinity. "Trimethylamineoxide Content of Marine Prawns Oc- curring in the Backwaters and in the Sea off Cochin," by N. K. Velankar and T. K. Govindan, article, Pro- ceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, vol. 52B, no. 4, 1960, pp. 111-115, printed. Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore, India. SMALL BUSINESS: Accounting Practices in Small Firms, by Albert Slavin and Seth Armen, Management Research Summary, 4 pp., processed. Small Business Administration, Washington 25, D. C., September 1962. A leaflet presenting results of a survey of accounting practices in small firms in Massachusetts. Bookkeeping and accounting practices in 177 manufacturing and 341 nonmanufacturing firms were analyzed under the fol- lowing general headings--statement analysis, internal control, inventory control, credit control, cost control, financial planning, break-even analysis, and account- ing and decision making. Many owner-managers of small businesses, according to the survey, are not aware of the advantages of a good accounting system. As a consequence, they are not managing their busi- nesses as well as they could if they utilized more fully the accounting techniques available to them. December 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 117 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE SMOKED FISH: "New Type of Smoke Generator," by D. L. Nicol, ar- ticle, Food Manufacture, vol. 35, no. 10, 1960, pp. 417-419, illus., printed. Food Manufacture, Leonard Hill Ltd., 9 Eden St., London NW1, England. SOUTH AFRICA REPUBLIC: "What's Current in Commodities ?--Canned Fish, South Africa," by M. R. M. Dale, article, Foreign Trade, July 28, 1962, pp. 18-20, illus., printed. Foreign ‘Trade, Queen's Printer, Government Printing Bureau, Ottawa, Canada. Discusses the export of Canadian canned fishery products to South Africa and the reasons for its decline in recent years. Increase in the costs of Canadian canned salmon and competition by the Japanese products have reduced the volume of imports of the former to a tiny fraction of their previous years! totals. Another factor has been the de- velopment of South Africa's own domestic fishing industry. Landings of pilchards, maasbanker, mackerel, spiny lobster, and tuna totaled over one million pounds in 1961. Some landings by offshore trawling and whaling are reported each year. Present volume of sales of Canadian can- ned fish can be maintained with sufficient pro- motion planning. SPAIN: Carta de Pesca de Cataluna. I--Desde el Paralelo de Cabo Bear a Palanos (Chart of Catalonia's Fishery. I--From the Parallel of Cape Bear to Palanos), by Miguel Oliver, Trabajos no. 30, 9 pp., illus., printed in Spanish. Ministerio de Marina, Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, Madrid, Spain, 1961. "Ia Exportacion de Conservas de Pescados en 1961" (Canned Fish Exports in 1961), by Mareiro; ''Nues- tra Exportacion Conservera en Cifras" (Our Can- ners' Exports in Figures), by Alevin, articles, In- dustria Conservera, vol. 28, no. 276, June 1962, pp. 137-139, illus., printed in Spanish. Industria Con- servera, Union de Fabricantes de Conservas de Galicia, 41 Marques de Valladares, Vigo, Spain. "El Mercado Comun y la Pesca Espanola" (The Com- mon Market and the Spanish Fisheries), by Angel Fernandez, article, Industrias Pesqueras, vol. 36, no,843, June 1962, pp. 218-219, printed in Spanish. Industrias Pesqueras, 21/2 Policarpo Sanz, Vigo, Spain. "1961 Produccion Pesquera Maritima Espanola" (1961 Fishery Production in Spanish Waters), by Mareiro, article, Industrias Pesqueras, vol. 36, nos. 841-842, May 15, 1962, pp. 198-203, printed in Spanish. Industrias Pesqueras, 21/2 Policarpo Sanz, Vigo, Spain. "La Renovacion de la Flota Pesquera--Se Distribuyen 810 Millones de Pesetas en Prestamos"' (The Reno- vation of the Fishing Fleet--810 Million Pesetas Have Been Loaned), article, Industrias Pesqueras, vol. 36, no. 843, June 1962, pp. 212-213, printed in Spanish. Industrias Pesqueras, 21/2 Policarpo Sanz, Vigo, Spain. SPINY LOBSTERS: "Europa ¥ las Pesquerias de Langosta en la Costa Africana" (Europe and the Spiny Lobster Fisheries off the African Coast), by Manuel Gallego Cortes, article, Industrias Pesqueras, vol. 36, nos. 841-842, May 15, 1962, pp. 136-137, illus., printed in Spanish. Industrias Pesqueras, 21/2 Policarpo Sanz, Vigo, Spain. "La Pesqueria de Langostas del Brasil'' (The Spiny _Lobster Fishery in Brazil), by Manuel Gallego Cortes, article, Industrias Pesqueras, vol. 36, nos. 841-842, May 15, 1962, pp. 134-135, illus., printed inSpanish. Industrias Pesqueras, 21/2 Policarpo Sanz, Vigo, Spain. SPRAT: "The Effect of Storage Temperature on, Development of Microflora in Canned Baltic Sprat,' byI.1. Ivanova, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 54, September 25, 1960, 18822e, printed. American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C. SQUID: A Monograph of the Cephalopoda of the North Atlantic. ~[-=The Family “Lycoteuthidae, t by Gilbert L. Voss, Contribution No. 381, 42 pp., illus., printed. (Re- printed from Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, vol. 12, no. 2, June 1962, pp. 264- — 305.) Marine Laboratory, University of Miami, #1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. Studies on the Characteristic Odor of Squid. VI-- ~ Liquid Acids in the Unpleasant Odorous Isolate from Rain Spoilt L Dried Squid,” by Tei Yamanishi, Toshiko Kiribuchi, and Michiko Ishiwata, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 27, November 1961, pp. 1009-1013, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 6-Chome, Shiba- Kaigandori, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. STANDARDS: "Standards Development Program at the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Technological Laboratory, Gloucester, Massachusetts,'' by Anthony J. Frasca- tore and others, article, Food Technology, vol. 15, December 1961, pp. 16-18, printed. Ford Technol - ogy, The Garrard Press, 510 N. Hickory, Champaign, Ill. STERN TRAWLERS: "Distant Water Stern Trawler," article, Shipping World, vol. 145, no. 3562, 1961, pp. 384-385, illus., printed. Shipping World, 127 Cheapside, London EC2, England. "Ghana Stern Trawlers Completed," article, World Fishing, vol. 11, no. 9, September 1962, pp. 24-26, illus., printed, single copy 3s. (42 U. S. cents). John Trundell and Partners, Ltd., St. Richard's House, Eversholt St., London NW1, England. De- scribes two new freezer stern trawlers (the Odaw and Kakum) recently built in the United Kingdom for Ghana. The trawl is handled on the main deck and a conventional ramp is not necessary, since a Unigan gantry is used. Features include a hydraulic trawl winch, hydraulic anchor windlass, hydraulic steering gear, two large blast freezers with a ca- pacity of 15 tons of fish every 24 hours, andthe most modern fish-finding and communications equipment. "Junella--Britain's Second Freezer Stern Trawler," article, World Fishing, vol. 11, no. 9, September 118 1962, pp. 30-34, illus., printed, single copy 3s. (42 U. S. cents). John Trundell and Partners, Ltd., St. Richard's House, Eversholt St., London NW1, Eng- land. Describes a newly-commissioned freezer stern trawler having a modified bulbous bow, afor- ward section strengthened for ice, a system of gear- hauling which involves use of a fixed bipod gantry aft of the superstructure, and a freezing capacity of 400 kits (56,000 pounds) of heads-on gutted fish every 24 hours. The fish pounds are situated below the trawl deck immediately forward of the hydrau- lically-operated hatch through which the cod end is emptied. After gutting, fish are placed in a circu- lar washer, passing then by conveyor to the factory deck and the 11 12-station vertical plate freezers. The frozen blocks of fish are discharged from a hatch in the trawl deck. The blocks are hauled on deck by pulley and rope using specially-shaped bas - kets, then placed on a conveyor transporting them on to the fish dock. Power is supplied by 3 Diesel engines, giving a total of 2,715 hp. Gear includes two echo-sounders, electronic communication and navigation equipment. "A Soviet-Built Stern Trawler, article, Motor Ship, vol. 42, no. 494, 1961, pp. 268-270, illus., printed. Motor Ship, Temple Press Ltd., Bowling Green Lane, London EC4, England. STORAGE OF FISH: "Changes with Pyrophosphate-Containing Buffer and Precipitation of Protein Fraction at T/2-0.225 dur- ing Storage of Fresh-Water Fish in Ice," by B. R. Baliga, M. N. Moorjani, and N. L. Lahiry, article, Food Technology, vol. 16, February 1962, pp. 84-86, printed. The Garrard Press, 510 North Hickory, Champaign, Ill. SUDAN: "Shell Fisheries in the Sudan," by William Reed, ar- ticle, Fishing News International, vol. 1, January 1962, pp. 31-32, printed. Fishing News Internation- al, A. J. Heighway Publications, Ltd., 110 FleetSt., Ludgate House, London EC4, England. SWEDEN: Import Tariff System of Sweden, WTIS Part 2, Opera- tions Report No. 62-45, 2 pp., printed, 15 cents. Bureau of International Programs, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C., August 1962. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. 8S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.) Dis- cusses units of currency, weight, and measure; method of payment of duty; bases of specific and ad valorem duties; preferential duties; sales and simi- lar internal taxes; shipping documents; and import restrictions. SWITZERLAND: Licensing and Exchange Controls--Switzerland and Liechtenstein, WTIS Part 2, Operations Report No. 62-40, 4 pp., printed, 10 cents. Bureau of Inter- national Programs, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C., August 1962. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.) Discusses Swiss import controls, including licensing and ex- change controls; Swiss export controls, including licensing; and Swiss exchange controls. Also cov- ers United States export andimport controls, and oth- er similar information. Swiss regulations affecting COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol, 24, No. 12 licensing and exchange controls are also applicable to Liechtenstein. These controls are administered for both countries by the Swiss Government. TAGGING: The Tagging and Marking of Marine Animals in Aus- tralia, by J. M. Thomson, Technical Paper No. 13, 39 pp., illus., printed. Division of Fisheries and Oceanography, Commonwealth Scientific and Indus- trial Research Organization, Melbourne, Australia, 1962. TAIWAN: Fisheries of Taiwan, 17 pp., illus., printed. Chinese- American Joint Commission on Rural Construction, Taipei, Taiwan, June 1962. Provides a rather com- pact review of the fisuneries in Taiwan. The report discusses the deep-sea fisheries, and points to tuna long-lining as the most promising fishery for Taiwan. Inshore and coastal fisheries, fish culture, fish proc- essing, and marketing are also reviewed. TARIFF AND TRADE: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, Analysis of United States Negotiations. Volume III, 152 pp., illus., printed, 45 cents. Department of State, Washington, D. C., 1962. (For sale by the Superintendent of Doc- uments, U. 8S. Government Printing Office, Washing- ton 25, D. C.) The United States has completed its negotiations in the bilateral phase of the 1960-61 Tariff Conference held under the auspices of the Contracting Parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), in Geneva, Switzerland. This part of the analysis covers the results of the reciprocal negotiations with Cambodia, Haiti, India, and Japan. Also included in this volume is a con- solidated list of all the concessions granted by the United States to all countries which negotiated new concessions with the United States as a result of the tariff conference, and a summary of the concessions granted by the United States, including comments on some of the most important concessions negotiated. TIDE TABLES: Tide Tables--Central and Western Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean--High and Low Water Predictions 1963, 386 pp., printed, $1. Coast and Geodetic Survey, __ U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D.C. Tidal Current Tables 1963--Pacific Coast of North America and Asia, 238 pp., printed, $1. Coast and Geodetic Survey, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D. C., September 1962. TRAWLERS: "Die wirtschaftliche Reisgeschwindigkeit von Trawlern" (The Most Economic Steaming Speed of Trawlers), by U. Wegner, article, Schiffstechnik, vol. 37, no. 7, 1960, p. 114, illus., printed in German. C. Schroed- ter und Co., Stubbenhuk 10, Hamburg 11, Germany. TROUA: "Artificial Spawning Facilities for Brook Trout Sal- velinus fontinalis,"' by Dwight A. Webster, article, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 91, no. 2, 1962, pp. 168-174, printed. American Fisheries Society, 233 Broadway, New York, N. Y. "Comparisons of Inlet and Outlet Spawning Runs of Rainbow Trout in Loon Lake, British Columbia," by December 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 119 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. G. F. Hartman, T. G. Northcote, and C. C. Lindsey, lumbia,'' by Dayton L. Alverson, article, Journal of article, Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. is Canada, vol. 19, no. 2, 1962, pp. 173-200, printed. December 1961, pp. 1145-1152, printed. Journal of Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ot- the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Queen's tawa, Canada. Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. "The Effect of Temperature on the Artificial Culture "Properties of Tuna and Other Myoglobins,'' by W. of Aurora Trout," by N. D. Patrick, article, Cana- Duane Brown, article, Federation Proceedings, vol. dian Fish Culturist, Issue 30, 1961, pp. 49-55, 20, Part I, March 1961, p. 381, printed. Federation printed. Information and Educational Service, De- Proceedings of American Societies for Experimental partment of Fisheries, Ottawa, Canada. Biology, 9650 Wisconsin Ave. NW., Washington 14, Dye. "Notes on Dolly Varden Trout,"’ by Masamitsu Oh- shima, article, Scientific Report of Yokosuka City UNDERWATER LIGHTS: Museum, vol. 6, 1961, pp. 57-63, printed. Scientific "Tspol'zovat! Podvodnyi Elektrosvet v Poiskovoi Ra- Report of Yokosuka City Museum, Yokosuka City, bote'' (The Use of the Underwater Electric Light in Japan. Prospecting for Fish), by I. Ya. Akhlynov, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, no. 11, 1960, pp. 38-42, printed "Physical Alteration of Stream Habitat to Improve in Russian. VNIRO Glavniproekta, pri Gosplanie Brook Trout Production," by J. W. Saunders and SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. M. W. Smith, article, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 91, no. 2, 1962, pp. 185-188, UNITED KINGDOM: printed. American Fisheries Society, 233 Broadway, Establishing a Business in the United Kingdom, WTIS New York, N. Y. Part 1, Economic Report No. 62-56, 8 pp., printed, 15 cents. Bureau of International Programs, U. S. "Problems in Sampling Wild and Domestic Stocks of Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C., Au- Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis,"’ by William A. gust 1962. (For sale by the Superintendent of Doc - Flick and Dwight A. Webster, article, Transactions uments, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washing- of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 91, no. 2, ton 25, D. C.) Discusses the United Kingdom's 1962, pp. 140-144, printed. American Fisheries policy on foreign investment, location and building Society, 233 Broadway, New York, N. Y. of factories, business organization, employment laws and regulations, and taxation. "Trout Farming in America," by M. Hallam, article, Fish Trades Gazette, no. 4077, 1961, pp. 13-16, "Grande-Bretagne: Nette augmentation dans la produc- illus., printed. Fish Trades Gazette, Industrial tion et la consommation des conserves classiques et Newspapers Ltd., John Adams House, John Adams des produits surgeles" (Great Britain: Net Increase St., London WC2, England. Describes commercial in the Production and Consumption of Standard Can- practices of raising trout in Idaho, which is the ned Products and Quick-Frozen Products), article, leading State in trout culture. France Peche, vol. 7, no. 64, July-August 1962, pp. 53-54, printed in French. France Peche, Service TUNA: Abonnement, Boite Postale 179, Lorient (Morbihan), "L'evolution de la peche au thon--Les Japonais dans France. 1'Atlantique'' (The Development of the Tuna Fish- ery--the Japanese in the Atlantic), by E. Postel, URUGUAY: article, La Peche Maritime, vol. 41, no. 1013, Au- Establishing a Business in Uruguay, WTIS Part 1, gust 1962, pp. 579-583, illus., printed in French. Economic Report No. 62-55, 19 pp., printed, 15 La Peche Maritime, 190, Boulevard Haussmann, cents. Bureau of International, Programs, U. S. Paris, France. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C., June 1962. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, "Informe sobre los Datos Obtenidos en el 'Tuna U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, Spawning Survey Cruise! del 1~ al 20 de Julio de D. C.) A report on Uruguayan regulations affecting 1957"' (Report on the Data Obtained during "Tuna foreign investment and the establishment and opera- Spawning Survey Cruise," July 1-20, 1957), by tion of foreign-owned enterprises in Uruguay. It W. L. Klawe, article, Ciencia (Mexico, vol. 21, discusses the Uruguayan Government's policy on in- no. 2, 1961, pp. 65-74, printed in Spanish. Ciencia vestment, entry and repatriation of capital, and (Mexico), Vanderbilt Marine Museum, Huntington, trade factors--tariff concessions, advantages of ins Alay Na Ge locating in Uruguay, and import regulations. It also hs covers types of business organization, regulations Measures of Population Density and Concentration affecting employment, new income tax laws, and of Fishing Effort for Yellowfin and Skipjack Tuna in related information. the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean, 1951-1959,''by Thomas P. Calkins, article, Inter-American Trop- VESSELS: ical Tuna Commission Bulletin, vol. 6, no. 3, 1961, "Note on Jet Propulsion,'' by A. C. Walker, article, pp. 69-152, illus., printed in English and Spanish. Ship and Boat Builder, vol. 14, no. 3, 1961, pp. 63- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, La 64, illus., printed. Ship and Boat Builder, John Jolla, Calif. Trundell Ltd., St. Richards House, Eversholt St., és London NW1, England. Ocean Temperatures and Their Relation to Albacore Tuna (Thunnus germo) Distribution in Waters off WEATHER CHARTS: the Coast of Oregon, Washington, and British Co- The following processed weather charts, 2 pp. each, are published by the Weather Bureau, U.S. Department 120 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 24, No. 12 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAFLABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. of Commerce, Washington, D. C., and are for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C., 10 cents each. Charts show stations displaying small craft, -gale, whole gale, and hurricane warnings, explanation of warning displays, and schedules of AM and FM radio, TV, and radiophone stations that broadcast weather forecasts and warnings. Coastal Warning Facilities Chart, Canadian Border to ~ Eureka, Calif., and Alaska, 1962. Coastal Warning Facilities Chart, Eastern Fla., 1962. Eastport, Maine, to Coastal Warning Facilities Chart, Montauk Point, N. Y., 1962. Coastal Warning Facilities Chart, Manasquan, N. J., to Cape Hatteras, N. C., and Chesapeake Bay, 1962. Coastal Warning Facilities Chart, Morgan City, La., to Apalachicola, Fla., 1962. Coastal Warning Facilities Chart, Puerto Rico and Vir- gin Islands, 1962. Small Craft, Gale, and Whole Gale Warning Facilities Chart, Great Lakes: Superior and Michigan, 1962. WHALES: "Extraction of Nutrients from Liver of Whales," by Tokimatsu Oki and Kojiro Ueno, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 54, August 10, 1960, p. 1585ih, printed. Amer- ican Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washing- ton, D. C. "Technological Features of Antarctic Whales and Efficient Methods for Their Utilization," by K. A. Mrochkov, article, Israel Program of Scientific Translations (PST) Catalogue, no. 109, 1960, pp. 189- 216, printed. (Translated from the Russian, Trudy VNIRO, vol. 35, 1958, pp. 205-230.) Israel Program of Scientific Translations (PST) Catalogue, 14 Sham- mai St., Jerusalem, Israel. WHALING: "The World Catch 1961," article, Norsk Hvalfangst- Tidende (The Norwegian Whaling Gazette), vol. 51, no. 8, August 1962, pp. 312-314, 316-318, 321-328, illus., printed in Norwegian and English. Hvalfan- gerforeningen, Sandefjord, Norway. The Internation- al Whaling Commiss:odn held its 14th meeting in London, July 2-6, 1962. For this meeting, the Bu- reau of International Whaling Statistics had prepared a provisional issue of International Whaling Statistics No. XLIX comprising the world catch in 1961. By the world catch in 1961 is meant the catch in the Antarctic in the season 1960/61 and in the fields out- side the Antarctic in the calendar year 1961. Dis- cusses whaling operations in the North Atlantic and Arctic, Africa, the North Pacific, Japan, Bering Sea, Kamchatka, Kurile Islands, Brazil, Peru, Chile, Australia, and New Zealand. Also discusses the production of whale byproducts. Includes statistical tables showing whaling results by the various coun- tries and areas and the production of byproducts by years and areas. WHITEFISH: "Exploitation of Canadian Lake Huron Whitefish," by John C. Budd and D. Cucin, article, Transactions, of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 91, no. 2, 1962, pp. 223-234, printed. American Fisheries Society, 233 Broadway, New York, N. Y. CERTAIN CANNED FISHERY PRODUCTS REQUIRE LONGER HEAT PROCESSING penetration. starchy ingredients. packed canof the same product. tion." A product packed too tightly heats much more slowly than a more loosely- This is indicated most clearly in the canning of certain vegetables, but the condition may occur in the canning of fishery products. A too heavy consistency will of itself delay the rate of heat penetra- "It has long been known that starchy foods have a very slow rate of heat Fishery products suchas fishballs, fish pudding, and fish pastes must be processed for longer periods than fish which are canned without added For example, fish pudding will require a process aver- aging 5 minutes longer than mackerel or salmon solely because of starch con- tent, even though the size of can, fill, initial temperature, and all other factors show no difference between the products. --"Principles and Methods in the Canning of Fishery Products, " Research Report No. 7 (page 21), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES Review SH t/ 44463 X fFrshes Index for 1962 Volume 24. se C SERS ores RE FSO TRE . Production Manager and Associate Editor: Jean Zalevsky Editorial Assistants: Alma Greene Mary Andrews Compositor: Mary Andrews An index of Volume 24,Numbers 1 through 12, issued in 1962. It is a subject index, with an author index for only thefeature articles in each monthly issue. Indexing of other mater- ial is based on the principal subject with some cross-reference. The use of "' "in en- tries denotes the omission (repetition) of the major subject heading which appears in ALL CAPS. Actions in Congress affecting or of interest to commercial fisheries are indexed only once by subject under the generalheading: ''CONGRESS, EIGHTY-SEVENTH (Second Session)", i.e., there is no cross-reference indexing of these entries. r Publications listed in the ''Recent Fishery Publications" section have not been indexed. Use of funds for printing this publication was approved by the Director, Bureau of the Budget, April 18, 1968. 1962 Index COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1 INDEX TO VOLUME 24 (NUMBERS 1 - 12 INCLUSIVE)--1962 The reference gives the month and the page number. ABALONE ALASKA California growth studies conducted for commercial Crab: and sport fishery; Dec. p. 25. king: Japanese Bristol Bay operations; Feb. p. 82, Sept. ADEN p. 90. Industry, fishing, Fisheries Department trying to develop; July p. 53. United States vessel to fish spiny lobster off coast of ; Sept. p. 62. AFRICA Common Market established by six nations; Oct. p. 44. "Cooley Loans" now available in 18 countries; Aug. p. 94. Japanese frozen tuna export quotas to Europe and , adjustments proposed in; July p. 74. USSR seminar and study tour on fishing methods and gear sponsored by FAO, participates in; Nov. p. 56. AFRICAN COMMON MARKET Six nations establish ; Oct. p. 44. AGAR-AGAR Portugal's rules for assuring normal supply of gellidium to industry; Feb. p. 90. AGE Fish ; Jan. p. 17, Aug. p. 100, AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT "Cooley Loans" now available in eighteen African countries; Aug. p. 94. United States: foreign investment surveys, assistance to busi- nessmen for; Apr. p. 67. private enterprise overseas new guaranties for; Jan. p. 65. AIRPLANE SPOTTING Australian survey vessel uses plane to spot tuna; Sept. p. 64. California pelagic fish population survey continued; Mar. p. 11, May p. 14, Aug. p. 15, Oct. p. 11, Nov. p. 20, Dec. pp. 23, 24. AIR TRANSPORTATION Imports, U. S., of fishery products by 7 Oct. p. 34, Nov. p. 50. Salmon, fresh Pacific, shipped to New York City by air freight; July p. 9. ALABAMA Landings, fishery, 1961; July p. 9. ALASKA Bristol Bay approaches ruled waters; Dec. p. 17. Commercial fishermen, nonresident, restrictions ruled unconstitutional; Apr. p. 12. Crab: king: catch in western July p. 11. territorial in first quarter 1962; research; Aug. p. 9, Sept. p. 14, Dec. p. 21. stocks located near Kodiak; Nov. p. 17. tanner fishery; Sept. p. 13. Freezerships operating in Bristol Bay, court ruling allows to tax; Nov. p. 17. Gulf of : bottomfish: exploratory trawling; June p. 32. populations surveyed; Aug. p. 35. trawler surveys; Feb. p. 11. Soviet: fishing in; Sept. pp. 12, 105. trawlers observed in; Sept. p. 11. trawl fishing methods considered outdated by Japan; Nov. p. 79. Herring: fishery; July p. 12, Sept. p. 13. investigations; Sept. p. 14. Japanese fishing in Shelikof Strait; June p. 58. Pacific, may be serious predator of pink salmon fry; Sept. p. 14. research; Dec. p. 21. season successful in 1962; Dec. p, 18. spawning studies; Aug. p. 10. Japan: fishing off ; Sept. p. 12. government to protest seizure of fishing vessels off ; July p. 83. Maiden voyage of new oceanographic research ves- sel; Dec. p. 21. Marine station being set up at Douglas; Aug. p. 10. Pribilof Islands pay plan approved for residents of; Aug. p. 92. Salmon: canned pack in 1962 largest in ten years; Dec. p. Wiis fry migrations; July p. 10, Sept. p. 14. Kodiak area catch; Dec. p. 17. red, Bristol Bay run outlook in 1962 poor; Jan. p. 27. studies: Auke Bay estuary; Aug. p. 10. Bristol Bay red; Sept. p. 14, Dec. p. 20. Karluk Lake sockeye; Aug. p. 10. Little Port Walter pink and chum; Aug, p. 9. pink; Dec. p. 20. trends, fishery, June 1962; Sept. p. 13. Yukon River research; Dec. p, 21. Seal skins, fur: contract for processing to be canceled; Jan. p. 65, Interior issues prospectus on processing; Aug. p. 92. International Fur Seal Commission, fifth annual meeting; Mar. p. 32, May p. 40. prices at spring auction set new record; July p.19. United States government processing contract, five firms seek; Dec. p. 33. Shrimp catches: central outstanding; Jan. p. 29. Kodiak up in 1962; Dec. p. 18. ALASKA (cont.) Sole, rock, trawling explorations near Kodiak find; Nov. p. 18. Soviets: fishing off 3; Sept. p. 12. whaling near Kodiak; Dec. p. 17. Trawling south of Peninsula, Japanese c'ish- eries Agency permits; Feb. p. 79. "ALASKA" California: exploratory fishing for pink shrimp off northern area; Aug. p. 13. pelagic fish population survey continued; Feb. pp. 14, 15, Mar. p. 11, July p. 12, Nov. p. 18, Dec. p. 22. ALASKA FISHERY EXPLORATIONS AND GEAR RESEARCH Bottom fishing; Feb. p. 11, July p. 10, Dec. p. 18. King crab, trawler chartered for; Sept. p. 15, Nov. ps Lyte Shrimp stocks located near Prince William Sound; DECMp lis: ALASKA FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS Crab, king: catch in first quarter 1962; July p. 11. research; Aug. p. 9, Dec. p. 21. studies; Sept. p. 14. Herring: fishery; July p. 12, Sept. p. 13. investigations; Sept. p. 14. Pacific, may be serious predator of pink salmon fry; Sept. p. 14. research; Dec. p. 21. spawning studies; Aug. p. 10. "Murre II'', maiden voyage of new oceanographic research vessel; Dec. p. 21. Salmon: fry migrations; July p. 10, Sept. p. 14. studies: Auke Bay estuary; Aug. p. 10. Bristol Bay red; Sept. p. 14, Dec. p. 20. Karluk Lake sockeye; Aug. p. 10. Little Port Walter pink and chum; Aug. p. 9. pink; Dec. p. 20. Yukon River research; Dec. p. 21. ALEUTIAN ISLANDS Japanese bottomfish mothership fleet departs for waters; Aug. p. 76. AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION Annual meeting of; Sept. p. 15. AMERICAN FISHERIES ADVISORY COMMITTEE Interior Department: advisory group views status of fisheries; Aug. p. 11. objectives, responsibilities, and authority of 5 Feb. p. 97. Udall announced appointment of six new members; June p. 67. AMERICAN GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY Atlas, serial, of North Atlantic marine environment, receives grant for; Apr. p. 23. AMERICAN SAMOA Development program planned, expanded; Sept. p. 40. Tuna: cannery, second, negotiations for; Dec. p. 21. Japanese firms plan fishing operations from base; July p. 77, Nov. p. 74. : training program for Samoans to learn the use of long lines, U.S. canning firm begins; Dec. p. 21. ANCHOVY Brazil's fishery for zone; July p. 54. Landings: Argentina, 1960-61; Aug. p. 57. Portugal, 1961; Aug. p. 86. Spain, first quarter 1962; Aug. p. 88. or ''manjuba'' in southern ANGOLA Enterprise, new fishery, planned; July p. 53. Government plans for fisheries development; Feb. p. 57. Industry trends, 1961; May p. 42. Japan: base in » company plans to establish; Aug. p- 96. fish meal operations off ; Jan. p. 56, Feb. p. 83, Apr. p. 56, June p. 55, July p. 81, Nov. p. 78. Processing plant for fish opened, new; Sept. p. 62. Trawling regulated; Sept. p. 62. ANIMAL MIXED FEEDS Fish meal and oil, use of more in Dec. p. 44. encouraged; ANIMAL NUTRITION (see NUTRITION) ANTARCTIC Fish remains discovery may support 50-year-old ice shelf theory; Apr. p. 92. Japanese to study fisheries resources; Jan. p-406: Soviet whaling fleet increasing; May p. 73, July p. 104, Studies in , fisheries and oceanography included in; Aug. p. 11. ANTIBIOTICS Fillets, fish, foHeb ey used by Canada to preserve; Feb. ANTIMETABOLITES Rat-feeding studies to determine presence of in raw menhaden as compared with raw haddock and beef; May p. 6. AQUARIUM Brine shrimp industry in Saskatchewan, Canada; Mar. p. 35. ARABIAN SEA Indian Ocean Oceanographic Expedition, phase defined by working committee of; Oct. p. 42. ARCTIC OCEAN Canada's Nov. p. 53. research reveals little marine life; AREA REDEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION Industrial loans to: Florida canning firm; Mar. p. 59. Maine fishery firm; Nov. p. 85. Washington: oyster firm; Nov. p. 85. State fishery firm; Dec. p. 87. Shellfish industry study in York County, Maine, ap- proved; Aug. p. 94. ARGENTINA Japan: company to establish whaling and crab fishing base in ; Apr. p. 54. tuna fishing venture, joint planned; Dec. p. 61. Landings of fish and shellfish, 1960-61; Aug. p. 57. ARKANSAS Fish farming on flooded rice lands; Sept. p. 23. ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF THE Diet of , cardiologist recommends change in; Jan, p. 25. ARTERIOSCLEROSIS Diet of U. S, Army, cardiologist recommends change in; Jan. p. 25. Sardines, canned, Maine, promote healthier arteries, research suggests; June p. 27. ASIA Food and Agriculture Organization: regional conference for and Far East, sixth; Oct. p. 41. USSR seminar and study tour on fishing methods and gear, participates in; Nov. p. 56. ATLANTIC OCEAN Atlas, serial of the Marine Environment of the North , grant for; Apr. p. 23. Japan: trawlers: large, sent to ; May p. 59, June p. 55. mothership-type fleet in 3; May p. 59. twelve, reported in ; May p. 59. tuna: fishing conditions; Feb. p. 75, Apr. p. 52, July p. 75. frozen, warehouse in area; Feb. p. 76. producers discuss declining catch; Aug. p. 71. vessel operations in ; Sept. p. 87, Dec. p. 74, Oceanographic tropical cooperative investigations; June p. 33, Aug. p. 56, Nov. p. 59, Dec. p. 60. Tuna: bluefin: Northwestern Slope, concentration found during a long-line exploration of the; Feb. p. 1. tagged fish swims across North ; Feb. p. 42. ATLANTIC SEABOARD March storms roughed-up ocean bottom and altered navigation channels along ; Aug. p. 31. "ATLANTIS II" Oceanographic research vessel, new, near com- pletion; Nov. p. 37. ATLAS North Atlantic marine environment serial; Apr. p. 23, July p. 34. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION Oregon Fish Commission announces research agree- ment with; May p. 25. ATOMIC POWER Vessel for marine research using; May p. 42, June p. 46. AUSTRALIA Canneries, firm to sell to Japan; Jan. p. 45. Japanese trawlers depart for; Aug. p. 78. Meeting discusses fisheries research, development, and administration; Dec. p. 62. Shrimp: farming experiments show promise; Sept. p. 62. ‘tiger species export begun by Western ; Dec. p. 61. Western Spiny lobster: _ catch in 1961/62; Dec. p. 62. exporter recommends new method of selling to United States; Oct. p. 46. Tagging results in waters for salmon, sea mullet, shark school, spiny lobster, bluefin tuna, and humpback whale; Dec. pp. 62, 63. Tuna: canned imports; July p. 53. catch, 1961/62; Dec. p. 62. research to be expanded; Aug. p. 58. survey vessel uses plane to spot; Sept. p. 64. trends and survey; Apr. p. 42, May p. 42, Sept. p. 64, Underwater vehicle for fishery research, new type; Oct. p. 47. Whale oil production down in 1962; Oct. p. 47. Whaling industry trends; Oct. p. 47. fishery started; Oct. p. 46. AUTHORS AND TITLES ALBANO, G. A.: Chicago Receipts of Fresh and Frozen Fishery Products, and Wholesale Market Trends, 1961; July p. 1. AMBROSE, MARY E. (and Sammie Bethea): Comparison of pH, Trimethylamine Content, and Picric Acid eaeees as Indices of Iced Shrimp Quality; Mar. p. 7 BARTLETT, MARTIN R. (and Frank J. Mather III): Bluefin Tuna Concentration Found During a Long- Line Exploration of the Northwestern Atlantic Slope; Feb. p. 1. BETHEA, SAMMIE (and Mary E. Ambrose): Comparison of pH, Trimethylamine Content, and Picric Acid Turbidity as Indices of Iced Shrimp Quality; Mar. p. 7. CROWTHER, HAROLD E., (and Arthur M. Sandberg): United States Fishing Industry and the European Common Market, The; Dec. p. 8. CUMMINS, ROBERT, JR. (and Joaqium B. Rivers : Blue Crab Trawl Fishery of Georgia; Mar. p. 1. (and Joagium B. Rivers and Paul J. Struhsaker): Exploratory Fishing Off the Coast of North Caro- lina, September 1959-July 1960; Jan. p. 1. Snapper Trawling Explorations Along the South- eastern Coast of the United States; Dec. p. 1. AUTHORS AND TITLES ( cont.) DiPALMA, SALVATORE: Fishery Tariff Concessions in the 1960-61 GATT Negotiations; June p. l. DOW, ROBERT L.: Method of Predicting Fluctuations in the Sea Scal- lop Populations of Maine, A; Oct. p. 1. Use of Environmental and Economic Factors to Check Biological Fluctuations in Maine Lobster Population; Aug. p. 6. FAHLEN, L. A. (and Warren F. Rathjen): Progress Report on Midwater Trawling Studies Carried Out Off the New England Coast in 1961 by M/V ''Delaware"; Nov. p. 1. GORDON, WILLIAM G.: Great Lakes Stern-Ramp Trawler, A, Equipment Note No. 11; Apr. p. 33. JENSEN, ALBERT C,: Stockfish and Spiny Lobster Fisheries of South Africa, The; Nov. p. 12. KHANDKER, N, ALAM: Composition of Shrimp Meal Made from Fresh and Spoiled Shrimp Heads, The; Feb. p. 8. KIFER, ROBERT R. (and Caroline H. Kurtzman and Donald G. Snyder): Rat-Feeding Studies to Determine Presence of Antimetabolites, Water-Soluble Vitamins, and Essential Minerals in Raw Menhaden as Compared With Raw Haddock and Beef; May p. 6. KURTZMAN, CAROLINE H., (and Robert R. Kifer and Donald G. Snyder): Rat-Feeding Studies to Determine Presence of Antimetabolites, Water-Soluble Vitamins, and Essential Minerals in Raw Menhaden as Compared With Raw Haddock and Beef; May p. 6. LEE, CHARLES F. (and F. Bruce Sanford): Machines Solve Handling Problems in Oyster Plants; Apr. p. 1. Soft-Crab Industry; Jan. p. 10. LOOSANOFF, VICTOR L.: Oyster Spawning and Setting Observations in Long Island Sound, Summer 1961; Feb. p. 35. MATHER, FRANK J., III (and Martin R. Bartlett): Bluefin Tuna Concentration Found During a Long- Line Exploration of the Northwestern Atlantic Slope; Feb. p. 1. McKEE, LYNN G, (and Richard W. Nelson): Hydraulic Press for Laboratory Preparation of Fish Press Cake; Dec. p. 14. NELSON, RICHARD W., (and Lynn G. McKee): Hydraulic Press for Laboratory Preparation of Fish Press Cake; Dec. p. 14. PARISER, E, R.: Fish Protein Concentrate--A High-Quality Animal Protein; May p. 1. PATASHNIK, MAX: Accuracy of Net-Weight Determinations for Frozen Glazed Halibut Steaks; Oct. p. 5. PRUTER, A. T.: Soviet Trawlers Observed in Gulf of Alaska. Equip- ment Note No. 13; Sept. p. 11. RATHJEN, WARREN F., (and L., A. Fahlen): Progress Report on Midwater Trawling Studies Carried Out Off the New England Coast in 1961 by M/V "Delaware"; Nov. p. 1. RIVERS, JOAQUIM B.,: New Scallop Trawl for North Carolina, A. Equip- ment Note No, 12; May p. 11. (and Robert Cummins, Jr.): Blue Crab Trawl Fishery of Georgia; Mar. p. 1. AUTHORS AND TITLES’ RIVERS, JOAQUIM B. (and Robert Cummins, Jr. and Paul J. Struhsaker): Exploratory Fishing Off the Coast of North Caro- lina, September 1959-July 1960; Jan. p. 1. Snapper Trawling Explorations Along the South- eastern Coast of the United States; Dec. p. 1. SANDBERG, ARTHUR M.: Aspects of World Trade of Interest to the Fishery Industries; Aug. p. 1. (and Harold E. Crowther): United States Fishing Industry and the European Common Market, The; Dec. p. 8. SANFORD, F. BRUCE (and Charles F. Lee): Machines Solve Handling Problems in Oyster Plants; Apr. p. 1. Soft-Crab Industry; Jan. p. 10. SILLIMAN, RALPH P.: North Pacific Fishery Research Vessels; Jan. p. 13. SNYDER, DONALD G., (and Caroline H. Kurtzman and Robert R. Kifer): Rat-Feeding Studies to Determine Presence of Antimetabolites, Water-Soluble Vitamins, and Essential Minerals in Raw Menhaden as Com- pared With Raw Haddock and Beef; May p. 6. STRUHSAKER, PAUL J. (and Robert Cummins, Jr. and Joaqium B. Rivers): Exploratory Fishing Off the Coast of North Caro- lina, September 1959-July 1960; Jan. p. 1. Snapper Trawling Explorations Along the South- eastern Coast of the United States; Dec. p. 1. THOMPSON, MARY H.: Effect of Butylated Hydroxy Toluene and Potassium Sorbate on Development of Rancidity in Smoked Mullet; Apr. p. 5. VAN ENGEL, W. A.: Blue Crab and Its Fishery in Chesapeake Bay, The: Part 2 - Types of Gear for Hard Crab Fishing; Sept. p. 1. BAHAMA ISLANDS Ocean survey, new, to cover area near; Apr. p. 21. Shrimp, scallops, and snappers in South Atlantic, exploratory fishing for; Jan. p. 29, Feb. p. 39, Apr. p. 27, May p. 27. BARBADOS Industry trends in 1961; July p. 57. BEHAVIOR Camera, underwater remote control, developed by British to study ; Mar. p. 56. Communication between fish studied; May p. 19. Florida laboratory, new, at University of Miami; July p. 18, Sept. p. 24. Honolulu lab studies Dec. p. 30. Shrimp: burrowing studied in Gulf of Mexico; Sept. p. 27, Dec. p. 38. light effect on studied by Florida; May p. 19. Studied on first raft expedition; Dec. p. 31. Tuna program, chartered vessel completes study; Nov. p. 47. near floating objects; BELGIUM Canned fish import tariffs to be raised; Feb. p. 57. Frozen fish market; Nov. p. 60. Japanese canned tuna prices; Nov. p. 60. "BELLE OF TEXAS" Shrimp distribution studies in Gulf of Mexico; Jan. p. 20, Feb. p. 28, Mar. p. 19, Apr. p. 15, May p. 20, June p. 22, Aug. pp. 25, 26, Sept. p. 29, Oct. p. 21, Nov. p. 26, Dec. p. 42. BENELUX COUNTRIES Canned fish import tariffs to be raised; Feb. p. 57. BERING SEA Coast Guard expands its Alaskan patrol; June p. 68. Japan: activities in ; Jan. p. 57, July p. 83. bottomfish: developments in SPERe Deep erodes fleet, makeup of; Aug. p. 75. freezer factoryship, new, for p. 80. regulations for fishing in ; June p. 56. halibut landings in ; Sept. p. 90. herring catch limit contemplated; Feb. p. 82. sablefish fishing; Feb. p. 81. shrimp: canned pack in by factoryship; Aug. p. 76. factoryship operation planned in in 1962; Mar. p. 44. trawler fleets, two experimental, for eastern authorized by Government; Feb. p. 79. trawling south of Alaska Peninsula, fisheries fishery; Feb. agency permits; Feb. p. 79. USSR: activities in ; May p. 72, June p. 62, July p. 101. catch, 1960-61; Apr. p. 63. exploration in; Dec. p. 85. freezer-trawler fishing in; July p. 101. ocean perch fishing in; Apr. p. 62. "BERTHA ANN" Bureau gets new research vessel for high-seas re-. search in North Pacific Ocean; Apr. p. 21. BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH Massachusetts, Woods Hole Biological Laboratory dedicated; Aug. p. 33. Texas, Galveston sea-water laboratory dedicated; Feb. p. 27. Tuna , world meeting on; Aug. p. 49. BIOLOGICAL SAMPLING Midwater trawl tested as a tool for p. 36. ; Nov. BIOLOGIST Civil Service Commission announced fishery examination; Oct. p. 69. BLOOD PLASMA Seaweed chemical derivative as substitute for 5 May p. 5. BLOOD SAMPLES (see SEROLOGICAL STUDIES) BOTTOMFISH Alaska explorations: Gulf fishing; Feb. p. 11. program for 1962; July p. 10. survey of populations in Gulf; June p. 32, Aug. p. 35. trawler begins fishing in southeastern area; Dec. p. 18. BOTTOMFISH Japan: Atlantic Ocean, fishing firm hopes to operate mothership-type trawler fleet in; May p. 59. Bering Sea: developments in; Feb. p. 81. fleet makeup; Aug. p. 75. freezer factoryship, new, for eastern fishery; Feb. p. 80. mothership fleet departs for Aleutian waters; Aug. p. 76. North Pacific fishery, carriers return from; Aug. Pp. wD: Mozambique fishing for prohibited, but seining and trawling recently approved; Dec. p. 80. North Carolina exploratory fishing for ; Jan. ishetls a oe Oregon studies offshore-inshore exchange of stocks; May p. 25. "BOWERS, GEORGE M." Gulf of Mexico: shrimp: burrowing behavior of pink studied; Sept. p. 27, Dec. p. 38. marking study; Aug. p. 26, Nov. p. 24, Dec. p. 37. trawls in action, underwater observation of; Jan. p. 20. BRAZIL Anchovy or July p. 54. Itajai, new fishing port; Nov. p. 61. Japanese fishing vessels to change to May p. 43. Piranhas a problem in inland waters; Jan. p. 9. Sea Fishery Research, third national meeting of specialists in; Nov. p. 61. Shrimp processing and exporting company, new; Dec. p. 63. Trends, Aug. 1962; Nov. p. 61. Vessel, freezer-fishing, being built in Mexico for ; May p. 64. "manjuba" fishery of southern 3 registry; BRISTOL BAY Alaska territorial waters, Dec. pelt: Japan, king crab: catch quota for ; Aug. p. 74. operations in ; Feb. p. 82, Sept. p. 90. Salmon, red, studies of; Sept. p. 14. approaches ruled; BRITISH GUIANA Japanese fishery expert sent to Shrimp: exports, 1961; Sept. p. 64. studies, 1961; July p. 56. Trends, 1961; July p. 55. ; Feb. p. 58. BRITISH WEST INDIES Barbados fishing industry; July p. 57. St. Vincent fishery landings, 1961; July p. 57. BROILER RATIONS Fish meal--how much should results?; Dec. p. 44. contain for best BUFFALOFISH Biography of ; Feb. p. 49. BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES (see COM- MERCIAL FISHERIES, BUREAU OF) BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE (see SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE, BUREAU OF) BURMA Canned fish bids cancelled; May p. 43. BUTYLATED HYDROXY TOLUENE Effect of on development of rancidity in smoked mullet; Apr. p. 5. CALIFORNIA Abalone growth studies conducted for commercial and sport fishery; Dec. p. 25. Crab, dungeness, growth studies and abundance investigated; Mar. p. 12, Oct. p. 9. Don Pedro Reservoir Project hearing, Interior Department to intervene in; Dec. p. 49. Halibut age-weight-length relationships studied; July p. 14. Lobster, spiny, regulations changed; Oct. p. 9. Natural Resources Agency, fisheries included in new; Feb. p. 11. Oceanic fish survey off coast; Aug. p. 35. Pacific, tropical, game fish feeding and schooling behavior studied; Sept. p. 42. Pelagic fish: investigations off the coast of ; Nov. p. 35. population survey continued; Feb. pp. 14, 15, Mar. p. 11, May p. 14, July pp. 12, 13, Aug. p. 15, Oct. p. 11, Nov. pp. 18, 19, 20, Dec. pp. 22, 23, 24. Radioactivity off San Clemente Island studied; Feb. pas Rockfish tagging studies continued; Jan. p. 15, Mar. p. 13, May p. 14. Salmon: fingerlings, midwater trawling continued; Jan. p. 14, Feb. p. 13, Apr. p. 12, June p. 7, July p. 15, Aug. p. 16, Sept. p. 15, Oct. p. 10, Nov. p. 21, Dec. p! 22: king: annual spawning survey started; Nov. p. 21. Central Valley spawning run is down; May p. 15. study of how juveniles migrating downstream react to large dams; Apr. p. 24. Shrimp: exploratory fishing for pink off Northern area; Aug. p. 12. landings in 1961 exceeded 2 million pounds; Jan. p. 14. studies continued; Feb. p. 12. trawling quotas changed; Oct. p. 9. Sole, dover and petrale, tagging studies for; July p. 13: Tuna: albacore: catch prediction by U. S. fishermen south of International Border; June p. 36. migration studies and tagging; Aug. p. 14. bluefin catch prediction in waters off ; June p. 37. Canada's west coast vessels enter fishery off southern and Mexico; Nov. p. 61. Japanese-U, S. venture in proposed; Nov. p. 47, CALIFORNIA Whaling production and products; Jan. p. 39. CAMBODIA Viet-Nam trawlers, two, seized and held by 8 Sept. p. 111. CAMERA Underwater remote control developed by British to study fish behavior; Mar. p. 56. CANADA Annual meeting of Fisheries Research Board; Feb. p. 58. Antibiotics used to preserve fish fillets; Feb. p. 59. Arctic: char fishery; Sept. p. 65. marine life, research reveals little; Nov. p. 53. Bait-holding units for Newfoundland supplied by Government; July p. 59. British Columbia trends, 1961; June p. 47. Cod fishing, gill nets of nylon perform well for; July Denote Cold-storage holdings and freezings of selected fishery products; Apr. p. 44. Cooperative associations, fishermen's; Jan. p. 46. Dogfish liver subsidy program; Jan. p. 46, May p. 44, June p. 46, Europe, p. 64. Fish oils, "blown," produced by scientists; Feb. p. 60. Fresh-water fish species, underutilized, new prod- ucts being developed from; Sept. p. 65. Gill-net instructions, fishermen's courses in Prince Edward Island include; July p. 58. Herring: British Columbia: landings and products; May p. 44. price dispute; Jan. p. 45, Dec. p. 64. canning vacuum method developed; Feb. p. 60. oil trends; May p. 44. Imports of fishery products from United States, new tax applies to; Sept. p. 67. Landings, 1960-61; Apr. p. 43. New Brunswick fish meal prices; Jan. p. 46, Feb. p. 62, Apr. p. 43, May p. 44. North Pacific Fisheries Convention, Japanese Socialist party opposes extension of Tripartite; Sept. p. 92. Northwest Territories commercial fishing areas expanded; Feb. p. 62. Oceanography: Nova Scotia, new institute in; Oct. p. 48. sea-bed currents, North Atlantic, study of; Sept. p. 68. surface currents studied, effect of winds, tides, and seasons on; Feb. p. 61. Octopus, frozen, Japanese exports to U. S. and 8 Nov. p. 78. Oysters, shucked, production in British Columbia, 1961; Mar. p. 35. Patrol of east coast waters; Apr. p. 42. Plankton research; Feb. p. 61. Purse seiners in New Brunswick can't fish within one mile of stationary fishing gear; Sept. p, 67. Research vessel, new; Feb. p. 62, Dec. p. 64. Salmon: British Columbia canned pack; Feb. p. 59, Nov. p. 61. frozen fish trade mission to; Dec. i CANADA (cont.) Salmon (cont.): hormones in; Feb. p. 61. Pacific tagging; Dec. p. 65. refrigerated sea water used to transport and store; Feb. p. 59. vessel unloading, new method to reduce handling of; Feb. p. 60. Sea-bed drifters used to study North Atlantic ocean currents; Sept. p. 68. Sea lion control program in coastal waters of British Columbia; Sept. p. 68. Shrimp: brine industry in Saskatchewan; Mar. p. 35. distribution off Vancouver Island studied; Nov. p. 36. tax, new, applies to imports from United States; Sept. p. 67. Stern trawler, Norwegian-type, sole rights to build; Apr. p. 44. Tuna: British Columbia fishery, freezing system re- search to aid in development of; Aug. p. 58. Pacific, development of active fishery in; Feb. ish BG vessels, west coast, enter fishery off southern California and Mexico; Nov. p. 61. Vessel, fishing, construction subsidy, Government drops replacement provision on; Nov. p. 62. firm assigned Whaling: British Columbia industry to resume in April 1962; Jan. p. 46. Japanese - joint enterprise to operate on west coast; Apr. p. 42. CANNED FISH Defense Department purchases; Feb. pp. 18, 19, Mar. p. 14, Apr. p. 13, May p. 17, June p. 11, July p. 17, Aug. p. 19, Sept. p. 20. Freight rates, ocean, from certain African ports to the United States; Nov. p. 46. Japanese exports: principal ; July p. 82, Dec. p. 73. quotas recommended for; June p. 58. U.S. and Canada; Aug. p. 78. Morocco!s pack, 1961/62 season; Oct. p. 62. Mullet tested for consumer acceptance; Oct. p. 25. Norway: exports, Jan. 1-June 23, 1962; Oct. p. 63. plant, largest expanding; May p. 66. Pack of fishery products, 1961; Oct. outside back cover, Philippine Islands imposes new import tariffs on SCAPPeipeOOe Portugal: exports; Mar. p. 54, May p. 67, Aug. p. 87, Nov. p. 81. pack; Mar. p. 53, May p. 67, Aug. p. 87, Nov. p. 82. Sardine, Maine, stocks; June p. 26, Aug. p. 29. Saury imports from Japan authorized by Egyptian Government; Nov. p. 83. South and South-West Africa pack; July p. 95. South-West Africa sells large order of to Philippines; Oct. p. 66. Soviet Far East pack; July p. 104. Tuna: Japan: firm plans cannery in Ceylon; Dec. p. 66. packers seek removal of U. S. restrictions on imports; Nov. p. 70. CANNED FISH Tuna: Japan: specialty pack exports; Mar. p. 43. U.S. and territories 1961 pack at record high; Jan. p. 31. USSR production increasing; June p. 64. U.S. production, 1961; Junep. 39. Veterans Administration requirements from new packs; Mar. p. 15. Yugoslavia's pack up in 1961; Sept. p. 111. CANNING Heat penetration in fishery products depends on size of particles; Feb. p. 124. Herring, vacuum method developed for ; Feb. p. 60. Sardine industry, origin of Pacific Coast; Dec: piglonm Shrimp first tried in U. S. in 1867; Apr. p. 32. CAN(S) Aluminum -alloy ; Mar. p. 14. Shipments for fishery products; Jan. p. 15, Feb. p. 15, Mar. p. 13, Apr. p. 12, Aug. pp. 16, 17, Sept. p. 16, Oct. p. 12, Nov. p. 22, Dec. pp. 27, 28. CAPE VERDE ISLANDS Modern fishing base planned; Nov. p. 82. CARIBBEAN SEA Western potentially-valuable species assessed; Aug. p. 24. CASABLANCA CHARTER African Common Market established by six nations; Oct. p. 44. CASTILE FALLS FISHWAY Klickitat River, opens new spawning grounds; Sept. p. 49. CAVIAR Iran's production, fiscal year 1957/58; Sept. p. 80. CENSUS OF FISH Skin divers take; July p. 37. CENTRAL AMERICA Economic integration treaty of ; Oct. p. 38. FAO requests funds for fishing industry study; Dec. p. 58. CENTRAL AMERICAN COMMON MARKET Costa Rica joins; Oct. p. 38. CENTRAL PACIFIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS Behavior of fish near floating objects; Dec. p. 30. Hawaii: gill nets, monofilament, tested in skipjack fishery; Feb. p. 17. raft expedition, first, to study fish behavior near ocean flotsam; Nov. p. 22, Dec. p. 31. Machine tabulating equipment used to analyze cruise observations; Nov. p. 22. Ocean currents study in Central Pacific; July p. 15. Tuna: blood types studied for subpopulation identification; June p. 7, Nov. p. 47. size and sex distribution studied; May p. 15. CENTRAL PACIFIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS (cont.) Tuna (cont.): skipjack: sensory systems studied; May p. 16. subpopulation identification studies; Oct. p. 12. South Pacific studies; Feb. p. 16, June p. 8, Sept. p. 16, Dec. p. 28. young collected from predators! stomachs; Aug. 135, Heth "CESSNA 182" California airplane spotting of pelagic fish; Mar. p. 11, May p. 14, July p. 13, Aug. p.. 15, Oct. p. 11, Nov. p. 20, Dec. p. 24. CEYLON Consumption of fishery products, annual per capita, 1957-60; Oct. p. 48. Development, revised plan for fisheries; Oct. p. 50. Fleet, mechanization of; Oct. p. 49. Imports of fishery products, 1957-60; Oct. p. 48. Landings 1957-60; Oct. p. 48. State corporation for fishing industry proposed; Mar. p. 36. Trawlers, fishing, Department of Fisheries to purchase; Aug. p. 58. Trends and foreign investment possibilities; Dec. p. 65. Tuna: Galle harbor as joint fishing venture, plan for; ©ctisp= oi: resources off p. 55. , Japanese to explore for; Jan. "CHARLOTTE" Sea scallop spawning checked off Mass.; Jan. p. 25, June p. 29. CHAD Industry; Oct. p. 51. CHAR Arctic fishery in Canada; Sept. p. 65. CHARTS Atlantic supplemental show coastline changes caused by March storm; June p. 29. Nautical intracoastal , folded, for small craft navigation; Nov. p. 30. Navigational , Ships of tomorrow may demand a new-look in; June’p. 65. CHESAPEAKE BAY Crab, hard, gear used in Croaker populations in ising for; Sept. p. 48. 3; Sept. p. 2. system, outlook prom- CHICAGO Receipts of fresh and frozen fishery products, and wholesale market trends, 1961; July p. 1. CHILE Fish meal: industry expanding; Apr. p. 44, Dec. p. 66. reduction plant in , Norwegian firm builds; May p. 45. South African companies enter fishing industry; Jan. p. 47, May p. 45. CHILE Trends, September 1962; Dec. p. 66. United States: firm investing in loan of $5 million to proved; Mar. p. 36. fishing industry; Jan, p. 47. for fishery project ap- CHINA, REPUBLIC OF (see TAIWAN) CHOLESTEROL Diet of U. S. Army, cardiologist recommends change in; Jan. p. 25. Fish oils, dietary, effect on blood p. 16, Aug. p. 20. Sardines, canned, Maine, promote healthier arteries, research suggests; June p. 27. of; Mar. CHUB Depth distribution studied in Lake Michigan; Aug. p- 23. reIsCOu, Lake Erie fish population survey; Aug. p. 21. Lake Michigan: base, new BCF, will be home port; Feb. p. 21. depth distribution of chubs and associated species studied; Aug. p. 23. dredge performance tested for bottom studies in southern; Dec. p. 36. population survey; Jan. p. 18, Feb. p. 23, Oct. p. 18. survey for 1962 season; June p. 17, Aug. p. 23. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, U. S. Fishery and wildlife biologists examination announced; Oct. p. 69. CLAMBAKE Outdoor recipe; July outside back cover. CLAMS Buying hints for sLOCt Peto Cannery, first, for in United States; Jan. p. 67. Chemical control method for enemies of 7 progress in development of; Sept. p. 37. Florida firm increases production; June p. 15. Gulf of Mexico distribution in northwestern area; Nov. p. 25. Hard, exploratory fishing off North Carolina; Jan. Be Meats, irradiated product tested for quality improve- ment after refrigeration; Oct. p. 25. Pick used for harvesting; Nov. p. 11. Razor tagging studies in Oregon; Sept. p. 37. Recipe for deviled; Oct. p. 8. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY Atlantic coastline March storm damage: resurvey begun of; July p. 38. roughed-up ocean bottom and altered navigation channels; Aug. p. 31. supplemental charts show coastline changes; June p. 29. Bahama Islands area, new ocean survey to cover; Apr. p. 21. Charts: intracoastal, folded type for small craft navigation; Nov. p. 30. navigational, ships of tomorrow may demand a new look in; June p. 65. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY (cont.) Indian Ocean, international expedition, to participate in; Oct. p. 26. Vessels, new research; Nov. p. 36. COAST GUARD Bering Sea fishery patrol, additional help on; June p. 68. Federal regulations for port security cards amended; Dec. p. 90. Oceanographic studies, authorized to intensify; Feb. p. 102, Patrol vessel, full-time, for Georges Bank planned by 3; Nov. p. 92. Vessel, fishing, certain data in files should be kept up-to-date; May p. 77. "COBB, JOHN N," Gulf of Alaska: Soviet trawlers observed in; Sept. p. 11. survey of bottomfish population in; June p. 32, Aug, P30. Oceanic fish survey off Pacific northwest and Cali- fornia coasts; Aug. p. 35, Nov. p. 34. Shrimp distribution off Vancouver Island; Nov. p. 36. Survey of deep-water marine fauna off mouth of Columbia River; Apr. p. 20, June p. 31. COD Japanese stern trawler to fish in northwest Atlantic; Oct. p. 61. Norway's fishery trends; Apr. p. 58, July p. 89, Aug. [91 ehexs Portugal fishermen's income for 1962/63 season increased; May p. 68. CODIUM FRAGILE Oysters, marine weed steals; Sept. p. 40. COLOMBIA National Fishing Exposition to be held Nov. 20-30, 1962; Nov. p. 62. Shrimp: permits, regulations established on issuance of; Oct. p. 51. U. S. Gulf of Mexico vessels to shift fishing opera- tions to ; Apr. p. 26. vessel, fishing, licensing procedure; Apr. p. 45. Tuna fishing vessels, U. S., commercial licenses for; July p. 59. COLUMBIA RIVER Indian fishing on the ference on; Sept. p. 29. Marine fauna in deep water, survey off mouth of 3; Feb. p. 32, Apr. p. 20, June p. 31, July p. 34, Aug. p. 34. Salmon: silver, pond-reared, released into p. 25. spawning channel at McNary Dam; Sept. p. 49. Water pollution, conference to examine problem of; Feb. p. 47. , law enforcement con- ; Apr. COLUMBIA RIVER FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM Salmon, chinook eggs, more taken in 1961 at hatch- eries of ; Apr. p. 24. "COMMANDO" Survey of deep-water marine fauna off mouth of Columbia River; Feb. p. 32, July p. 35, Aug. p. 34. COMMERCE, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF (also see COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY) Export: expansion, ''E"' awards for; Feb. p. 43. sales to be pursued vigorously by U. S. commercial attachés; Jan. p. 38. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, BUREAU OF Alaska fur-seal processing, prospectus issued on; Aug. p. 92. Fillets, flounder and sole, Federal standards for grades for; May p. 75. Films, historic fishery areas to be subjects of new; Jan. p. 16. Great Lakes and Central Region, new assistant regional director appointed for; Dec. p. 88. Inspection of fishery products: processor accountable for removal of USDI shields from mislabeled products; July p. 109. revised fees; Apr. p. 66, July p. 107. Loan Fund procedures revision; June p. 68, Sept. p. 112. Massachusetts, Woods Hole Biological laboratory dedicated; Aug. p. 33. Pribilof Islands in Alaska, new pay plan approved for Aleut residents of; Aug. p. 92. Science adviser assistant for Interior Department, employee appointed; Oct. p. 72. Shellfish expert transferred to Pacific Coast; Oct. p. 72. Tuna world meeting in California, Interior official headed United States delegation to; Aug. p. 50. Vessel, research: launching new; July p. 42. operating in the North Pacific; Jan. p. 13. COMMITTEE OF EXPERTS ON FISHERMEN International Labor Organization meets latter part of 1962; Nov. p. 58. COMMUNICATION Fish studied; May p. 19. CONGO REPUBLIC Cannery packs only tuna and pilchards; Aug, p. 58. Industry trends, 1961; Apr. p. 45. CONGRESS, EIGHTY-SEVENTH (Second Session) Adjourns; Nov. p. 92. Aid by foreign governments to fisheries; June p. 69. Alaska fisheries; Apr. p. 68. American Samoa included in certainlaws; July p.111, Aug. p. 96, Sept. p. 114, Oct. p. 73, Nov. p. 92. Antidumping act amendment; Mar. p. 76, Apr. p. 68, June p. 69, Sept. p. 114. Atomic energy agency; Oct. p. 73. Budget of the United States; Feb. p. 104. Commerce committee investigations in Senate; Mar. joel hale, Exempt transportation of agricultural and fishery products; June p. 70, July p. 111, Aug. p. 96, Sept. p. 115, Oct. p. 74. Federal aid in fish restoration; Mar. p. 77. Fish and wildlife aid through equipment transfer; Feb. p. 104, Fish and wildlife legislation; Feb. p. 104, Mar. p. 77, June p. 70. 10 CONGRESS, EIGHT Y-SEVENTH (Second Session) (cont.) Fish and Wildlife Service Commissioner; Jan. p. 67. Fisheries program; July p. 111. Fishery marketing act amendment; May p. 78, June p. 70, Nov. p. 92. Fishery problems; Nov. p. 92. Fishery resources international conference; Oct. p. 74, Nov. p. 93. Fish hatchery; Feb. p. 104, Aug. p. 96. Fishing vessel disaster loans; Apr. p. 68, May p. 78. Fish protein concentrate; Mar. p. 77, Apr. p. 68, July p. 111, Sept. p. 114, Nov. p. 93. Food and agriculture act of 1962; Sept. p. 114, Oct. p. 74, Nov. p. 93. Foreign trade; Jan. p. 67. Game and food fish conservation in dam reservoirs; Apr. p. 69, May p. 78. Gloucester Harbor (Mass.) improvement; Aug. p. 96, Sept. p. 114, Dec. p. 91. Great Lakes harbors study; Dec. p. 91. Harbor improvements; Dec. p. 92. Health, Education and Welfare appropriations; May p. 78, Sept. p. 114. Highways and fish and wildlife protection; Mar. p. 78. Income tax revision in favor of fishermen; Sept. Delis Octs ps Wo. Independent offices appropriations; Oct. p. 74, Nov. p. 94. Indian fishing rights; Apr. p. 69, May p. 79, Sept. ells Hein appropriations; Apr. p. 69, May p. 79, June p. 70, July p. 111, Sept. p. 115. International fisheries organizations; Sept. p. 115. Irradiated food program; Apr. p. 69. Maine lobsterman statue; Oct. p. 75, Nov. p. 94. Medical care for vessel personnel; May p. 79, June p. 70, Julyp.111, Sept. p.116, Nov. p. 94, Dec. p. 92. Metric system study; Apr. p. 69. National fisheries center and aquarium; July p. 112, Aug. p. 96, Sept. p. 116, Oct. p. 75, Nov. p. 94. National fisheries problems; Sept. p. 116. Natural resources conservation message from the President; Apr. p. 69. Naval oceanographic office; Aug. p. 97. Netting imports for research; Aug. p. 97, Oct. p.75, Nov. p. 94. New England fisheries; July p. 112. North Pacific and Bering Sea fisheries; Mar. p. 78, Apr. p. 70. North Pacific Fisheries Commission; Apr. p. 70. North Pacific fisheries problems; Apr. p. 70, May ps 09. Northwest Atlantic fisheries convention; Mar. p. 78. Oceanographic research program; Mar. p. 78, Apr. p. 70, Aug. p. 97, Sept. p. 116, Oct. p. 75, Nov. p. 94. Oceanography; Apr. p. 70, June p. 71. Oyster brood stock purchases; Apr. p. 70, May p. 79, July p. 112, Aug. p. 97, Sept. p. 116. Oyster planters disaster loans; May p. 79, Aug. p. 98, Nov.op.99. Pacific fisheries; July p. 112, Nov. p. 95. Pacific marine fisheries compact; July p. 112, Aug. D128; Oct peiGNOVerp. O08 Portland harbor, Maine, improvement; Jan. p. 67. Potomac River Compact (Md. & Va.) of 1958; Apr. p. 71, Aug. p. 98, Sept. p. 116, Oct. p. 76, Nov. p. 95. President's state of the union message; Feb. p. 104. CONGRESS, EIGHTY-SEVENTH (Second Session) Price-quality stabilization; Apr. p. 71, May p. 79, June p. 71, Sept. p. 117, Oct. p. 76, Nov. p. 95. Reconvenes; Feb. p. 104, Research; Mar. p. 78. Safety of Life at Sea Convention; Apr. p. 71, May Dats Salmon development program in California; May p. 80, Oct. p. 76. Salmon import restrictions; Feb. p. 105, Oct. p. 76, Nov. p. 96. Saltonstall-Kennedy act; July p. 112. Saltonstall-Kennedy act funds reapportionment; Apr. Pemiili. Science and technology commission; June p. 71, July p. 112, Aug. p. 98, Sept. p. 117. Science and technology office; June p. 71, July p. 112, Aug. p. 98. Science and technology reorganization plan from the President; May p. 80. Science department; Mar. p. 78. Shellfish processing exemption from minimum wage; Mar. p. 78, Apr. p. 71, July p. 112, Aug. p. 98. Sport fish research; Sept. p. 117, Oct. p. 77, Nov. D596. State Department appropriations FY 1963; Aug. p. 98, Nov. p. 96. Stern ramp trawlers; Sept. p. 117. Submerged lands act; Mar. p. 78. Supplemental appropriations FY 1963; Sept. p. 118, Nov. p. 96. Tariff classification restatement in tariff act of 1930; Apr. p. 71, May p. 80, June p. 71, July p. 113, Aug. p. 98. Tariff classification study; Aug. p. 98. Technological laboratory land in Maryland; June p. 72,.Sept. p. 118, Oct. p. 77. Texas resources and problems; Oct. p. 77. Trade adjustment act of 1962; Feb. p. 105. Trade agreements; May p. 80. Trade agreements act of 1961; Feb. p. 105. Trade agreements extension act of 1962; June p. 72. Trade expansion act of 1962; Mar. p. 78, Apr. p. 72, May p. 80, July p. 113, Aug. p. 98, Sept. p. 118, Oct. p. 77, Nov. p. 97, Dec. p. 92. Trade policy effects on unemployment; May p. 80. Transportation act of 1962; June p. 72, July p. 113, Sept. p. 119, Oct. p. 78, Nov. p. 98. Transportation system; May p. 80, Nov. p. 98. Tuna convention act of 1950 amendment; June p. 72, July p. 114, Aug. p. 99, Sept. p. 119, Oct. p. 78, Nov. p. 98. Vessel collision liability; Apr. p. 72, July p. 114, Aug. p. 99, Nov. p. 99. Vessel construction subsidy amendments; Sept. p. 119, Nov. p. 99. Vessel owners liability; Apr. p. 72, July p. 114, Aug. p. 99, Nov. p. 99. Vessel supplies exempt from duties; Mar. p. 79. Vessel transfer; Apr. p. 72, Sept. p. 119. Water pollution control administration; July p. 114, Aug. p. 100. Water resources; July p. 114. CONSERVATION Interior Department 1962 Service awards, fishery firm receives one of seven; July p. 16. White House conference on ; June p. 69, July peli. CONSUMPTION U. S. per capita fish hits new high in 1961; June p. 37. CONTAINERS Plastic for unloading fish at dockside; July p. 63. COOK ISLANDS Tuna base, joint Japanese-New Zealand; Sept. p. 69. COOPERATIVE(S) Canadian fishermen's associations; Jan. p. 46. Italian fishery have influential role in fishing industry; Sept. p. 81. Korea, Republic of, law enacted on fishery ‘ Sept. p. 94. COSTA RICA Central American Common Market, Oct. p. 38. COUGAR DAM Salmon, chinook, hauled by trucks past 1B ekos CRAB(S) Argentina, Japanese fishing company to establish whaling and fishing base in; Apr. p. 54. Blue: Chesapeake Bay fishery, types of gear used in; Sept. p. 2. South Carolina experimental trawling, October- December 1961; Feb. p. 41. trawl fishery of Georgia; Mar. p. l. Virginia fishery, scientists forecast decline in; Mar. p. 28. Dungeness: California: growth studies and abundance investigated; Oct. joins; 5 Sept. studies off coast; Feb. p. 12, Mar. p. 12. Oregon: public hearing held on fishing regulations; Nov. p. 39. tagging method, new, used by Fish Commission; May p. 25, Sept. p. 37. King: Alaska: catch in first quarter 1962; July p. 11. research; Aug. p. 9, Sept. p. 14, Dec. p. 21. stocks located near Kodiak; Nov. p. 17. vessel chartered for explorations; Sept. p. 15, Dec. p. 18. Japan: Bristol Bay: fall catch quota set for; Aug. p. 74. operations in; Feb. p. 82, Sept. p. 90. licenses and regulations for fall, Government issues; Sept. p. 91. North Pacific production quota for 1962, Japanese and Soviets reach agreement on; July p. 47. USSR factoryship operations in Far East; July p. 102. Machine, new, for picking invented; Sept. p. 19. Soft industry; Jan. p. 10. Tanner fishery in Alaska; Sept. p. 13. CRAB POT Chesapeake Bay hard crab fishery uses; Sept. p. 3. "CRAWFORD" Migrations in North Atlantic studied by; Feb. p. 41. 11 CRAYFISH United Kingdom fresh-water Russia; Aug. p. 90. imported from CROAKER Chesapeake Bay system, outlook promising for populations in; Sept. p. 48. South Carolina abundance studies; Nov. p. 45. CROSSBREEDING Japanese salmon and trout ; Mar. p. 58. CROWFOOT BAR Mussels harvested with; June p. 72. CUBA Fish meal to , Japan exports; Oct. p. 52. Port to be built by Soviets in; Nov. p. 62. Soviet-Bloc fishery technicians in 3; Nov. p. 63. Tuna vessels for , Japan building five; Aug. p. 73. CURED FISH Herring curing, development of; Feb. p. 10. Manufactured first on North American Pacific Coast; Mar. p. 6. North American north Atlantic coast, fish curing dates back to 1500 on; Nov. p. 126. CURRENTS Ocean surface studied by Canadian scientists, effect of winds, tides, and seasons on; Feb. pe 6. Pacific Ocean study; July p. 15. CUSTOMS, BUREAU OF Groundfish fillets, import tariff-rate quota for 1962; Mar. p. 76. Tuna canned in brine under quota proviso for 1962, U. S. imports of; May p. 77. CZECHOSLOVAKIA Tuna, frozen, Japanese export to 5 June p. 50. DAHOMEY Food and Agriculture Organization, fishery officer assigned to sOctip og. DAMS Salmon, juvenile king migrating downstream, study of reaction to large ; Apr. p. 24. Snake River Mountain Sheep damsite recommended by Interior Department; Aug. p. 18. DEFENSE, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF Defense Subsistence Supply Centers: canned fishery products purchases; Feb. p. 19, Mar. p. 14, Apr. p. 13, May p. 17, June p. 11, July p. 17, Aug. p. 19, Sept. p. 20. fresh and frozen fish purchases; Feb. pp. 18, 19, Mar. p. 14, Apr. p. 13, May p. 17, June p. 11, July p. 17, Aug. p. 19, Sept. p. 19. new name of field offices; Feb. p. 19. Military Subsistence Supply Agency name changed to Defense Supply Agency; Feb. p. 19. Radiation research laboratory, new U. S, Army; Sept. p. 32. DEFENSE SUBSISTENCE SUPPLY CENTERS (see DEFENSE, U. 5S. DEPARTMENT OF) 12 "DELAWARE" North Atlantic: distribution and abundance of sea scallops on Georges Bank studied; July p. 33, Nov. p. 33. groundfish: blood samples collected from; May p. 24. survey completed in; Jan. p. 25. hake, live marine specimens and biological data collected on; Aug. p. 32. midwaier trawling operations off New England; Apr. p. 19, Nov. p. 1. ocean bottom sediments and marine animal life studied; Aug. p. 33. otter-trawl net with electric field tested; Nov. Pei. perch, ocean: commercial fishing potential off Nova Scotia studied; Nov. p. 32. midwater trawl tested in fishing for; July p. 33. trawl instrumentation system tested in; May p. 23. vertical opening of otter trawl studied; June p. 30, vessel, new, planned to replace ; Apr. p. 20. DENMARK Catch in 1961 sets record; Feb. p. 63. Common Market fisheries policy; Feb. p. 63. Copenhagen, fifth International Fisheries Fair planned; Nov. p. 66. Cutters, steel, seaworthiness under study of; Sept. Dandils Esbjerg: leading port; May p. 47. vessels must hail catch; May p. 47. Exporters, Fisheries Ministry proposes aid for; Feb. p. 63. Exports: fishery; Nov. p. 65, Dec. p. 68. fillets and blocks and fishery byproducts; Jan. p. 48, Apr. pp. 45, 46, May pp. 45, 46, June p. 47, July p. 60, Aug. p. 60, Oct. pp. 52, 53, Nov. p. 63, Dec. p. 67. Faroe Islands exports of fresh, frozen, and salted fish; Mar. p. 38. Filleting: Association seeks closer contact with fishermen; Sept. p. 69. machine for flatfish tested; Feb. p. 63. plants proposed, two new cooperative; Feb. p. 64. Fillets formerly sold to East Germany, U. S. may get; Dec. p. 67. Fishermen: costs and earnings to be studied; Feb. p. 63. earnings data; May p. 47. Fishing limits: discussed with Fisheries Minister; Mar. p. 37. Faroe Islands, British ready to discuss with Danes; July p. 61. Freezer, new modern, in Skagen; May p. 46. Ghana asks fisheries development aid from f Feb, p. 66. Greenland fish processing plant planned for God- thaab; Nov. p. 65. Landings; Sept. p. 69, Nov. p. 64, Dec. p. 68. Odor control studied in fish reduction plants; Dec. p.68.. Philippines, plans for joint Danish-American fish- ing venture in; Nov. p. 65. Plaice minimum size increased; Feb. p. 63. Prices, minimum ex-vessel; Nov. p. 65. DENMARK Processing and marketing, Jan.-June 1962; Nov. Dp.) 60) Productivity of fisheries, funds available for in- creasing; Feb. p. 63. Salmon fishing in Baltic Sea; May p. 73. Salting machine patented; May p. 46. Seal skins, Greenland, auction of; Apr. p. 46. Shark industry and export market; June p. 47. Trade Fair, 4th International Fisheries; Feb. p. 63, July p. 60. Trawl, floating, Sweden refuses to issue patent to Danes on; Feb. p. 92. Trends; Feb. p. 63, Sept. p. 69, Nov. p. 64. Trout: pond association formed; Feb. p. 63. rainbow: food for growers, to manufacture; Nov. p. 63. pond culture; Sept. p. 70. U. S. firm seeks cutters for Philippines; Aug. p. 86. USSR: apprehends fishing vessels within twelve- mile limit; May p. 73. motherships for fish freezing, four, to be built in ; July p. 104. vessel, fish-freezing, second built by Aug. p. 59, Sept. p. 71. for; DEPTH-FINDER Transistorized type developed by Japanese firm; Nov. p. 78. DIETARY FOODS Major overhaul proposed of special tions; Aug. p. 91. regula- DISTRICT COURT OF UNITED STATES Fishermen are independent contractors for tax pur- poses, rules that; May p. 78. DIVING OUTFITS Description of; Nov. p. 84. DOGFISH Liver subsidy program in British Columbia; May p. 44, June p. 46. DOMINICA Tuna fishing season; July p. 61. DON PEDRO RESERVOIR PROJECT Interior Department to intervene in; Dec. p. 49. DREDGE BOAT Chesapeake Bay hard crab fishery uses ; Sept. p. 8. DREDGES Common for shellfish; Aug. p. 8. DRIED FISH Drying fish is an ancient process; Jan. p. 12. Freight rates, ocean, from certain African ports to the United States; Nov. p. 46. DRIFT BOTTLE Shark swallows; Oct. p. 68. DRILLS Chemical control method for oyster Pp. 3%. ; Sept. DRUM Fresh-water , sounds of; May p. 74. DUKE UNIVERSITY Biological program of Marine Laboratory; Oct. p. 27. DYNAMITE Pacific Science Congress resolutions on fishing with ; Mar. p. 32, EAST AFRICA Japanese Overseas Fisheries Cooperative Associa- tion plans to investigate fisheries of Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika, and Zanzibar; Feb. p. 79, Apr. p. 55. ECUADOR Coastal fishing problems being studied; Sept. p. 73, Government plans aid to fishing industry; Aug. p. 60. Japanese: joint fishery firm planned; Sept. p. 73. tuna vessel seized; Oct. p. 53. vessel based in to fish tuna and shrimp; Octyipso3: Tuna: Manta fishery; Sept. p. 73. purse seiners off coast, proposed decree would restrict fishing by; July p. 61. Zone, restricted, established off coast; Aug. p. 61. EDIBLE FISHERY PRODUCTS Marketing prospects; Apr. p. 18, June p. 28, Sept. 1b ela EELS Ponds, commercial, for in Japan; Jan. p. 57. EGYPT (see UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC) ELECTRONIC DEVICES Frozen fish, for thawing; July p. 105. ELECTRICAL FIELD Gulf of Mexico experiments on strength as part of shrimp gear research; Nov. p. 31, Dec. p. 38. ELECTRICAL FISHING Otter-trawl net with electric field tested; Nov. p. 31, Dec. p. 38. ELECTRONIC GEAR Trawl instrumentation system tested; May p. 23. EL SALVADOR Mackerel, canned, import duty on U. S. product un- changed; Oct. p. 53. Salmon, canned, import duty on U. S. product un- changed; Oct. p. 53. Shrimp fishery trends; Feb. p. 64. Trends, second quarter 1962; Sept. p. 75. Tuna resources off; Sept. p. 75. U. S. fishery exports to confronted with high- er duties; Aug. p. 95. 13 "ELTANIN" Antarctica, fisheries and oceanography included in research vessel studies; Aug. p. 11. Oceanographic research vessel, newest and largest; May p. 24. ; ENGINEERING PROJECTS Gulf of Mexico estuarine fishery resources, effect on; June p. 20. EQUIPMENT NOTES No. 11--A Great Lakes Stern-Ramp Trawler; Apr. p. 33. No, 12--A New Scallop Trawl for North Carolina; May p. 11. No. 13--Soviet Trawlers Observed in Gulf of Alaska; Sept. p. 11. ESTUARINE WATERS Gulf of Mexico: engineering projects, effects of; Dec. p. 41. research program, July-Sept. 1962; Dec. p. 41. Radioactive waste and oysters; June p. 42. ETHIOPIA Red Sea fishery resources not fully used by 8 Oct. p. 53. ee EUROPE Canadian frozen fish trade mission to ; Dec. p. 64. Conference, West , held in Goteborg; Dec. p. 56. Fish meal as substitute for soybean meal, Eastern countries turn to; May p. 70. Policy conference proposed for; Aug. p. 51. Scandinavian and British fisheries associations meet; Dec. p. 57. Tuna: Japan: canned in oil market in weakens; Dec. p. 74. frozen export quotas to and Africa, adjust- ments proposed in; July p. 74. EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY Customs union, second acceleration in timetable for establishment of; July p. 49. Denmark's fisheries policy; Feb. p. 63. EUROPECHE formed by European fish producers! organizations; July p. 49. Fisheries policy: conference proposed for Europe; Aug. p. 51. meeting to be held before meeting with Denmark, Norway, and the United Kingdom; Nov. p. 66. Iceland and the ; Apr. p. 50. Marketing problems arising from negotiations discussed at West European conference; Dec. p. 56. Norway: Fisheries Minister's views on ; Feb. p. 89. membership declaration presented to ; Sept. Dene: ts Salmon, canned, import duty rate lowered; Sept. p. 61. Tariffs, common external, for certain fishery com- modities; Dec. p. 10. United States: export trade, effects of on; Dec. p. 11. fisheries and the ; Aug. p. 1. industry and the Dec ps8. 14 EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF FISHING ENTERPRISES Italian fishing industry association approves charter; May p. 52. EUROPEAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION Norway cuts tariffs on imports from other countries; Nov. p. 56. Policy conference proposed for Europe; Aug. p. 51. Tariff cuts; Feb. p. 57, Apr. p. 41, Aug. p. 51. EUROPEAN TRADE FAIRS U. S. food-processing industry invited to sell at; July p. 50. EUROPECHE Danish Fisheries Association asks to send observer to next meeting; Nov. p. 66. European fish producers! organizations form; July p. 49. "EXPLORER" Survey to cover area near Bahama Islands; Apr. p..36, EXPORTS Canada's new tax applies to imports of fishery products from United States; Sept. p. 67. Credit insurance for U. S. exporters; Apr. p. 29. Danish imports of U. S. products, little opportunity to increase; Nov. p. 66. Edible fishery products, processed; Jan. p. 34, Feb. p. 44, Mar. p. 27, May p. 34, June p. 41, Julyp. 41, Aug. pp. 41, 42, Oct. p. 33, Nov. p. 49, Dec. p. 53. El Salvador: assesses higher duties on imports of U. S. fishery products; Aug. p. 95. duty on U. 5S. canned mackerel unchanged; Oct. p. 53. European Economic Community common external tariffs for certain fishery commodities; Dec. p. 10. Expansion of , 'E" awards for; Feb. p. 43. Fish and fish-liver oils: Wits: of; Apr. p. 17, May p. 21, June p. 25, July pp. 22, 24, Sept. p. 32, Oct. p. 25, Dec. p. 44. world established new record in 1961; Aug. p.. 52. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, President puts into effect results of 1960-61 tariff negotia- tions; July p. 110. Insurance on United States term policies; Sept. p. 46. Mexican import duties.on edible fishery products increased; Mar. p. 50. Netherlands: import duties on certain fishery products changed; May p. 65. restricted import list, fishery products included in; Aug. p. 81. Philippine Islands, import tariffs, new, imposed on canned fish; Apr. p. 59. Salmon, canned: duty rate lowered by European Common Market; Sept. p. 61. El Salvador import duty unchanged; Oct. p. 53. United Kingdom imports from U. S. lower in 1961; Aug. p. 90. Selected fishery products; Aug. pp. 43, 44, Shrimp, frozen: Canada's new tax applies to imports from U. S.; Sept. p. 67. extended to longer EXPORTS Shrimp, frozen: U.S. and re-exports to Japan; Jan. p. 36, Feb. p. 45, Mar. p. 26, Apr. p. 30. United States: commercial attaches to pursue sales vigorously; Jan. p. 38. fishery products ; Jan. p. 34, May p. 35. trade, effects of European Common Market on; Dec jip midis Whale and sperm oil p. 24, Dec. p. 44. EYE Pelagic fish FACTORYSHIP \ Denmark's fish-freezing sections; Sept. p. 71. Faroese plan to build; Mar. p. 37. Spanish , first; Junep. 62. USSR: launches third May p. 72. research- Dee ails whaling and fishing, new type for; Feb. p. 93. by U. S.; June p. 25, July function studies; May p. 18. for USSR built in for Far East fishing fleet; combination vessel designed; Oct. FAR EAST USSR: factoryship for vessels, new, for _ fleet launched; May p. 72. fisheries; June p. 64. FAROE ISLANDS British ready to discuss fishing limits off Danes; July p. 61. Exports of fresh, frozen, and salted fish; Mar. p. 38. Factoryship planned; Mar. p. 37. Trends, early September 1962; Nov. p. 66. with FEDERAL AID Sport fish and wildlife restoration, Interior apportions more funds to states for; Feb. p. 17. FEDERAL PURCHASES OF FISHERY PRODUCTS Military Subsistence Supply Agency: canned fish purchases; Feb. pp. 18, 19, Mar. p. 14, Apr. p. 13, May p. 17, June p. 11, July p. 17, Aug. p. 19, Sept. p. 20. fresh and frozen fishery products; Feb. pp. 18, 19, Mar. p. 14, Apr. p. 13, May p. 17, June p. 11, July p. 17, Aug. p. 19, Sept. p. 19. name changed to Defense Supply Agency; Feb. p. 19. Veterans Administration requirements for canned fish from new packs; Mar. p. 15. FIJI ISLANDS Fisheries Division to be established; Dec. p. 69. Tuna base, Japanese-British at Levuka; Jan. p. 48, Feb. p. 64, May p. 58, June p. 48, July pp. 61, 62, Aug. p. 61, Sept. p. 75, Dec. p. 69. FILLETING MACHINE Flatfish tested in Denmark; Feb. p. 63. FILLET(S) Antibiotics used by Canada to preserve; Feb. p. 59. Denmark: exports; Jan. p. 48, Apr. pp. 45, 46, May p. 45, June p. 47, July p. 60, Aug. p. 60, Oct. pp. 52, 53, Nov. p. 63, Dec. p. 67. FILLET(S) (cont.) Denmark (cont.): U.S. may get many; Dec. p. 67%. Faroe Islands, marketing of in; Nov. p. 66. Federal standards for grades for flounder and sole; Feb. p. 101, May p. 75. Fish bones, automatic detection and rejection sys- tem feasible for; Mar. p. 15. Groundfish import tariff-rate quota for 1962; Mar. p. 76. formerly sold to East Ger- FILM(S) "Deep Frontier--An Introduction to Oceanography," new educational jpliebs pi gos Historic fishery areas, two, to be subjects of new ; Jan. p. 16. FINLAND Modernize fishing fleet, Government's efforts to; Apr. p. 46. FISH BLOCKS Denmark's exports; Jan. p. 48, Apr. pp. 45, 46, May p. 45, June p. 47, July p. 60, Aug. p. 60, Oct. pp. 52503, Nov. p. 63, Dec. p. 67: Frozen and monofilament gill nets included in proposed changes in import tariff schedules; Dec. p. 90. FISH BONES Automatic detection and rejection system feasible for ; Mar. p. 15. FISH EGGS Shipments of to foreign countries; Apr. p. 72. FISHERIES Frontiers in ; July p. 30. FISHERIES ASSOCIATIONS British and Scandinavian meet; Dec. p. 57. FISHERMEN Independent contractors for tax purposes, court rules that are; May p. 78. Tax exemption for , unemployment and social security, U. S. Supreme Court ruling affects; Aug. pee. Work conditions of commercial reviewed by International Labor Organization; Nov. p. 58. FISHERY CONFERENCE West European held in Goteborg; Dec. p. 56. FISHERY COOPERATIVES Regulations proposed for enforcement of desist orders against possible restraint of trade by 5 Oct. p. 72. FISHERY COURSES Gill-net instructions, land include; July p. 58. in Prince Edward Is- FISHERY PRODUCTS National fisheries institute convention, new mentioned at; July p. 30. Profit and dynamic opportunity, a; July p. 29. 15 FISH FARM Salmon in Washington, another goes into pro- duction; July p. 43. FISH FARMING Australia's shrimp experiments show promise; Sept. p. 62. Experimental Station studies, Stuttgart, Arkansas: cultural; Oct. p. 13. fertilization; Oct. p. 14. nutrition; Oct. p. 13. Research station to work on cated; Dec. p. 89. Rice lands, flooded, experiments dedi- on; Sept. p. 23. FISH-FINDER Japanese firm develops tuna Norway's tuna fishery, ELOct.eps 6.0% has limited use in; Mar. p. 51. FISH FOOD Trout, rainbow, Denmark to manufacture for growers of; Nov. p. 63. ave Save FISH HAM Japanese standards for quality of ; May p. 61. FISHING LICENSES Colombian sels; July p. 59. for U.S. commercial fishing ves- FISHING LIMITS Alaska seizure of Japanese fishing vessels, Japan Government to protest; July p. 83. Denmark: British ready to discuss Faroe Islands with Danes; July p. 61. Fisheries Minister discusses laa Dal oils Ecuador, restricted fishing zone established off coast_of; Aug. p. 61. Morocco extends to 12 miles; Oct. p. 63. Norway-Soviet negotiations on fishing rights; Jan. p. 60, Apr. p. 64, Aug. p. 83. South Africa Republic plans to extend miles; Nov. p. 82. United Kingdom may adopt 12-mile zone; July p. 105. to 12 FISHING METHODS Gathering fish or shellfish by hand; Aug. p. 46. FISHING VESSEL MORTGAGE INSURANCE Applications received and approved in 1961; Feb. p. 46. Vessels, and other financial aid for; Feb. p. 46, May p. 32, Aug. p. 40, Nov. p. 48. FISH KILLS (see POLLUTION) FISH MEAL Analytical methods discussed at international meet- ing; Dec. p. 59. Animal mixed feeds, use of more encouraged in; Dec. p. 44. PG, Antioxidants for meeting; Dec. p. 59. Broilers, how much best results; Dec. p. 44. discussed at international should rations contain for 16 FISH MEAL (cont.) Canada: herring prices in British Columbia; Jan. p. 45. New Brunswick prices; Jan. p. 46, Feb. p. 62, Apr. p. 43, May p. 44. Chile: industry expanding; Apr. p. 44, Dec. p. 66. South African-Chilean firm to build plant; May p. 45. Eastern European countries turn to stitute for soybean meal; May p. 70. Exporters! Organization impact on market; July p. 96. Feeding trials discussed at international meeting; Dec. p. 59. Freight rates, ocean, selected for ; Oct. p. 43. German Federal Republic prices; Jan. p. 49, Feb. p. 65, Mar. p. 38, Apr. p. 47, May p. 48. Iceland trends; Aug. p. 64. Imports, U. S.; Jan. p. 22, Feb. pp. 30, 32, Mar. pp. 19, 20, Apr. pp. 15, 16, 17, May pp. 20, 22, June pp. 24, 25, July pp. 22, 24, Aug. pp. 28, 29, Sept. pp. 30, 32, Oct. pp. 23, 24, Nov. pp. 28, 30, Dec. p. 44. International Association of Manufacturers: annual conference; Apr. p. 37, Sept. p. 56, Dec. p. 58. world market situation handled by; July p. 96. Italy's shellfish and , import duty reduced on; June p. 49. Japan: exports to Cuba; Oct. p. 52. industry study planned; Feb. p. 83. operations off Angola; Jan. p. 56, Feb. p. 83, Apr. p. 56, June p. 55, July p. 81, Nov. p. 78. Major indicators; Jan. p. 22, Feb. p. 32, Mar.p.19, Apr. p. 15, May p. 20, June p. 25, July p. 22, Aug. p. 28, Sept. p. 32, Oct. p. 24, Nov. p. 29. Mexican plant granted tax exemption; May p. 64. Peru: exports, 1961; June p. 61. government's new procedures for Oct. p. 64, Dec. p. 83. industry trends; Mar. p. 52, July p. 91, Sept. p. 100, marketing organization gains legal control over exports; Dec. p. 83. plant operations; Mar. pp. 52, 53. Plant, new, proposed for Cape Charles, Va.; Sept. p. 20. Press cake, hydraulic press for laboratory prepara- tion of; Dec. p. 14. South Africa: market trends, Oct. 1961; Jan. p. 61. prices, Mar. 1962; May p. 68. production, 1960/61 and 1959/60; July p. 95. shipping point, new direct, for ; Dec. p. 84. South-West Africa production, 1960/61 and 1959/60; July p. 95. U. S. production; Jan. pp. 21, 22, Feb. pp. 30, 31, 32, Mar. pp. 19, 20, Apr. pp. 15, 16, 17, May pp. 20, 21, 22, June pp. 24, 25, 26, July pp. 22, 23, 24, Aug. pp. 27, 28, 29, Sept. pp. 30, 31, 32, Oct. pp. 23, 24, Nov. pp. 28, 29, Dec. p. 43. Usage of , promotion of increased, discussed at international meeting; Dec. p. 59. World production; Sept. p. 59, Oct. p. 42, Nov. p. 60, Decwp. 61. as sub- licenses; FISH OIL Animal mixed feeds, use of more in; Dec. p. 44. Canada: encouraged produced by scientists; Feb. p. 60. herring: British Columbia prices; Jan. p. 45. industry trends; May p. 44. Cholesterol, blood, effect of dietary p. 16, Aug. p. 20. Components of on healing of skin lesions, ap- plied research on effect of; Mar. p. 17. Exports, U. S.; Jan. p. 22, Feb. p. 32, Mar. p. 20, Apr. p. 16, May p. 21, June p. 25, July pp. 22, 24, Aug. p. 28, Sept. p. 32, Oct. p. 25, Nov. p. 30, Dec. p. 44. Fishy flavors and odors, investigation of chemical compounds causing; Mar. p. 16, Sept. p. 20, Nov. p. 23. Freight rates, ocean, selected, for German Federal Republic: foreign trade in body , Jan.-July 1961; Jan. p. 50. imports and exports, 1961; May p. 48. market for ; Jan. p. 49, Feb. p. 65, Mar. p. 38, Apr. p. 47, May p. 48. supplies are liberal; Jan. p. 49. Icelandic production in 1961; Apr. p. 48. Major indicators; Jan. p. 22, Feb. p. 32, Mar. p. 19, Apr. p. 15, May p. 20, June p. 25, July p. 22, Aug. p. 28, Sept. p. 32, Oct. p. 24, Nov. p. 29. Marine: paints, better, with ; Mar. outside back cover. world production, estimated; Jan. p. 44, Mar. p. 34, Octiip..43) Menhaden: chick growth stimulated; Oct. p. 22. poultry nutrition discussed at international meet- ing, use of in; Dec. p. 60. Peru: industry trends; July pp. 90, 91. production and exports in 1961; June pp. 60, 61. South Africa prices, Mar. 1962; May p. 68. South-West Africa production, 1960/61 and 1959/60; July p. 95. U. S. production; Jan. pp. 21, 22, Feb. pp. 31, 32, Mar. pp. 19, 20, Apr. pp. 15, 16, 17, May pp. 20, 21, 22, June pp. 24, 25, 26, July pp. 22, 23, 24, Aug. pp. 27, 28, Sept. pp. 31, 32, Oct. pp. 23, 24, 25, Nov. pp. 29, 30, Dec. p. 43. Whale: exports, Aug. and Sept. 1962; Dec. p. 44. Norway prices lower in 1962; Aug. p. 85. prices decline; Sept. p. 59. some uses for; Mar. p. III. World exports established new record in 1961; Aug. p. 52. on; Mar. ; Oct. p. 43. FISH PASSAGE Salmon, chinook, hauled around Cougar Dam by trucks; Sept. p. 36. FISH PORTIONS U. S. production, 1961; Mar. p. 24, June p. 39, Sept. p. 44, Dec. p. 51. FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE Bakery products with sampled by taste panel; Sept. p. 24. Developments discussed at international meeting; Dec. p. 60. FAO's program to promote use for human consump- tion; Aug. p. 47. High-quality animal protein, a; May p. 1. Manufacture in Peru, FAO proposal to; Aug. p. 47. National Academy of Sciences spurs Interior De- partment research on ; Aug. p. 21, Dec.p. 33. Norwegian firm to produce ; July p. 89. Protein-deficiency study, international, Interior Department aids in; Feb. p. 20. Role of ; July p. 30. Standard of identity; Mar. p. 59, June p. 65, July 196. LOTS FISH SAUSAGE Japan: companies interested in building plants abroad; July p. 84. quality standards; May p. 61. FISH SOLUBLES Chicks, stimulate growth of; Oct. p. 22. Imports, U. S.; Jan. p. 22, Feb. pp. 30, 32, Mar. pp. 19, 20, Apr. pp. 16, 17, May pp. 21, 22, June pp. 24, 25, July pp. 22, 24, Aug. pp. 28, 29, Sept. pp: 30, 32, Oct. pp. 23,24, Nov. pp. 28, 30, Dec. p. 44. Major indicators; Jan. p. 22, Feb. p. 32, Mar. p. 19, Apr. p. 15, May p. 20, June p. 25, July p. 22, Aug. p. 28, Sept. p. 32, Oct. p. 24, Nov. p. 29. U.S. production; Jan. pp. 21, 22, Feb. pp. 30, 31, 32, Mar. pp. 19, 20, Apr. pp. 15, 16, 17, May pp. 21, 22, June pp. 24, 25, 26, July pp. 22, 23, 24, Aug. pp. 27, 28, 29, Sept. pp. 30, 31, 32, Oct. pp. 23, 24, Nov. pp. 28, 29, 30, Dec. p. 43. FISH STICKS Norwegian subsidiary plant in U. S. to double pro- duction; Aug. p. 21. U. S. production; Mar. p. 24, June p. 39, Sept. p. 44, Dec. p. 51. FISH WEIR Construction of a ; June p. 12. FISHY FLAVORS Fish oil compounds causing , investigation of; Mar. p. 16, Sept. p. 20, Nov. p. 23. FISHY ODORS Danish studies on odor control in fish reduction plant; Dec. p. 68. Fish oil study on undesirable ; Mar. p. 16, Sept. p. 20, Nov. p. 23. "FITZGERALD, MAURICE F," Conducts water pollution control research in Lake Michigan; Nov. p. 42. FLATFISH Filleting machine for tested in Denmark; Feb. p. 63. FLOAT Net , new type, patent issued for; June p. 14. a FLORIDA Bay ecology; May p. 18, July p. 18. Behavior, fish, University of Miami plans to build new laboratory for studying; May p. 19, July p. 18, Sept. p. 24. Canning firm in p. 59. Clams, firm increases production of; June p. 15. Communication between fish studied; May p. 19. Eye function of pelagic fish studies; May p. 18. Freezing effect on fish; July p. 19. Jellyfish research grant awarded to University of Miami; Apr. p. 17. Landings, 1961; July p. 19. Mullet products, development of new; Oct. p. 25. Oyster bottom leases doubled since end of 1960; May p. 19. Research, July-December 1961; May p. 17, July Demlce Scallops, calico: availability of commercial stocks off northern coast surveyed; Feb. p. 39. Cape Canaveral bed, samples obtained from; Apr. p. 26 explorations off east coast; Nov. p. 43. Sea trout, spotted, tagging studies; May p. 18, July jo}y ditt Shark response to low-frequency sound studied; May jy UE) Shrimp: pink: larval studies; May p. 18, July p. 17. light effect on behavior studied; May p. 19, precooked frozen product coated with starch gel; July p. 18. royal-red, exploratory fishing along east coast; Apr. p. 26, Nov. p. 43. gets industrial loan; Mar. FLOUNDER Chesapeake Bay migration studies; June p. 42. Fillets, and sole, Federal standards for grades for; Feb. p. 101, May p. 75. FLUKE Tagging experiment of Middle Atlantic area; Nov. p. 34, FOOD ADDITIVE(S) Sodium nitrate in smoked cured shad, use of; Feb. p. 102. Sperm oil, hydrogenated, permitted as 3; Nov. p. 86, FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION Central America fishing industry study, SRS= quests funds for; Dec. p. 58, Chile, proposal to resettle Italian fishermen in; Dec. p.) 67. Council and Conference meetings; Jan. p. 43, Feb. Pesos Dahomey fishery officer assigned; Oct. p. 52. Fish protein concentrate: program to promote use for human consumption; Aug. p. 47. proposal for manufacture in Peru; Aug. p. 47. Marine resources advisory committee approved by Commission; Feb. p. 51, correction in Apr. p. 65. Proposed agenda for International Fishing Gear Congress; Sept. p. 52. 18 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION (cont.) Regional Conference: Asia and the Far East held at Kuala Lumpur; Oct. p. 41. Near East held at Tel Amara, Lebanon; Oct. p. 38. Sardines and related species recommendations being carried out; Nov. p. 57. Shrimp, Asiatic fresh-water, culture experiments successful; Dec. p. 57. Tuna biology, world meeting on; May p. 41, Aug. pp. 49, 50, 51, Oct. pp. 39, 64. USSR, fishing methods and gear seminar in; Oct. p. 38, Nov. p. 56. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION Dietary food regulations, special, major overhaul proposed of; Aug. p. 91. Fish protein concentrate, standard of identity; Mar. p. 59, June p. 65, July p. 107. Radioactivity in foods; Sept. p. IV. Sodium nitrate in smoked cured shad, use of; Feb. p. 102. Sperm oil, hydrogenated, as food additive permitted; Nov. p. 86. State and local food and drug laws, survey of; Dec. p. 87. Tuna, canned: labels must say "light'' or '"dark;'' Nov. p. 86. standard of identity objections disallowed; Oct. psr69' FOREIGN CREDIT INSURANCE ASSOCIATION Credit insurance for U.S. exporters; Apr. p. 29. FOREIGN TRADE, U. S. Credit insurance for exporters; Apr. p. 29, Sept. p. 46. Exports: commercial attachés to pursue sales vigorously; Jan. p. 38. "EB" awards for expansion; Feb. p. 43. European Common Market, effects of; Dec. p. 11. selected fishery products; Jan. p. 34, May p. 35, Aug. p. 42. shrimp, frozen, to Japan; Jan. p. 36, Feb. p. 45, Mar. p. 26, Apr. p. 30. Imports: airborne fishery products; Oct. p. 34, Nov. p. 50. edible fishery products; Jan. p. 34, Feb. p. 44, Mar. p. 27, May p. 34, June p. 41, July p. 41, Aug. pp. 41, 42, Oct. p. 33, Nov. pp. 48, 49, Dec. p. 53, selected fishery products; Jan. p. 34, May p. 35, Aug. p. 42. shrimp from all countries; Mar. p. 26. statistical detail beyond that provided in new tariff classification; Aug. p. 44. trends; Jan. p. 36. tuna canned in brine under quota; Jan. p. 35, Feb. p. 45, Mar. p. 27, May p. 35, June p. 43, July p. 42, Aug. p. 43, Sept. p. 46, Oct. p. 34, Dec, p. 53. FRANCE International fisheries show, first biannual; Feb. p. 64, Oct. p. 54, Korean Republic contracts for loan of $120 million to build fishing vessels; Oct. p. 62. Research vessel, fishery, visits Woods Hole, Mass.; Sept. p. 47. FRANCE Sardines, frozen, Morocco exports to ps 04. Dec. ps mos Scallops, fresh or frozen, United States quality certification accepted by SSE Dts Demo. Trends, first quarter 1962; July p. 63. Tuna: frozen: imports authorized; July p. 62. Japanese firms export to industry trends; July pp. 62, 63. New Caledonia, Japanese-French fishing base in; Aug. p. 82, Sept. p. 97. Vessel, fishing, fleet 1961; Aug. p. 62. 3; Oct. sOcty pao 4s FREEZE-DRYING Vacuum tested for application in food field; July p. 45. FREEZER New modern in Skagen, Denmark; May p. 46. FREEZERSHIPS Alaska court ruling allows taxing of in Bristol Bay; Nov. p. 17. operating FREEZING Florida studies effect of on fish; July p. 19. Norwegian fish plant, three-nation firm to take over; July p. 88. FREIGHT RATES Ocean , selected, for certainfishery products; Nov. p. 46. FRESH AND FROZEN FISHERY PRODUCTS Defense Department purchases; Feb. p. 18, Mar. p. 14, Apr. p. 13, May p. 17, June p. 11, July p.17, Aug. p. 19, Sept. p. 19. FRESH WATER Quality standards, new laboratory to study; Nov. p. 41. FROZEN FISH Belgium, market in; Nov. p. 60. Canadian trade mission to Europe; Dec. p. 64. Freight rates, ocean, from certain African ports to the United States; Nov. p. 46. Halibut steaks, glazed, accuracy of net-weight de- terminations for; Oct. p. 5. Soviets purchase more from Iceland; June p. 63. Temperature-time studies in distribution channels; Feb..ip. 21. Thawing: electronically; July p. 105. microwave; Mar. p. 17, May p. 19, Oct. p. 15. Time-temperature experience, new indicator records; Apr. p. 13. Truck exemption, certain prepared fishery products included in; Aug. p. 93. GABON Status of fisheries; Oct. p. 55. GALVESTON BAY Shrimp: bait production, 1961; June p. 21. postlarval survey in 5 June ps 21. GEAR Cod ends, detachable, location of; Mar. p. 17. Crab, hard, types of used in Chesapeake Bay fishery; Sept. p. 2. Crowfoot bar used for harvesting mussels; June p. 72. Device for recording net depth; Jan. p. 16. Dredge performance tested in southern Lake Mich- igan bottom studies; Dec. p. 36. Dredges, common; Aug. p. 8. Float for fishing nets, new type, patent issued for; June p. 14. Gill nets: monofilament, skipjack tuna fishery in Hawaii, tested in; Feb. p. 17. nylon for cod fishing perform well; July p. 57. International Fishing Congress in 1963, pro- posed agenda for; Sept. p. 52. Lifeboat launching device, new, patented; Dec. p. 45. Long-line: tested for swordfish; Aug. p. 32. with hooks; Dec. p. 7. Lure, new, patented; Dec. p. 45. Otter trawl: net with electric field tested; Nov. p. 31. vertical opening studied of; June p. 30. Outboard motor tilting device, new, patented; Dec. p. 49. Power block, Japanese tuna fishing vessel tests; Sept. p. 89. Purse-seine nets, mechanical device, new, invented by Greek shipowner for hauling in; Nov. p. 67. Rakes used in commercial fishing; Dec. p. 86. Spear used for fishing; Oct. p. 71. Trawl door, patent issued for new; June p, 14. Trawling, midwater, studies carried out in 1961 off the New England coast; Nov. p. 1. Trolling at different depths, Swedish fishing attachment for simultaneous; Sept. p. 104. Underseas research vehicle, new, developed; Apr. p. 28, Weir, construction of a; June p. 12. GELLIDIUM Portugal agar-agar industry, rules for assuring normal supply of to; Feb. p. 90. GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE Fishery tariff concessions in the 1960-61 negotiations; June p. 1. President puts into effect results of 1960-61 negotiations; July p. 110. Report on Nineteenth Session; Feb. p. 55. Trade, effects studied of nontariff measures on; Nov. p. 54. Twentieth session of contracting parties to - Dec. p. 56. U. S. fisheries and ; Aug. p. 4. GEORGES BANK Patrol vessel, full-time, Coast Guard plans for; Nov. p. 92. Scallops, sea, distribution and abundance studied; July p. 33. USSR: activity on 63, July p. 99. factory trawlers return to ; Apr. p. 64. fleet fishing on , June 1962; Sept. p. 105. United States-Soviet discuss fishing vessel prob- lems on ; Aug. p. 54. ; Jan. p. 62, May p. 72, June p. 19 GEORGIA Crab, blue, trawl fishery of ear ep onl Landings, 1961; June p. 15. GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Fish meal imports from South Africa; May p. 70 GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC Cape Verde Islands, fishing base planned by interests; Nov. p. 82. Fish body oils: foreign trade, Jan.-July 1961; Jan. p. 50. imports and exports, 1961; May p. 48. market; Jan. p. 50, Feb. p. 65. Fish meal prices; Jan. p. 49, Feb. p. 65, Mar. p. 38, Apr. p. 47, May p. 48. Fish oil: market; Mar. p. 38, Apr. p. 47, May p. 48 supplies are liberal; Jan. p. 49. Government aid for fishing industry; Mar. p. 39. Herring, Swedish landings in ; Apr. p. 48. Plastic containers for unloading fish at dockside; July p. 63. Reduction method for fish tested successfully, new; Jan. p. 48. Trawlers, fishing, recruiting men in Ireland; July p. 63% Tuna, canned, Japanese prices to ; Nov. p. 67. Whaling mothership, new, built; Feb. p. 93. GHANA Denmark asked for fisheries development aid for; Feb. p. 66. Japan: economic cooperation with; Dec. p. 69. firm constructing fish cold-storage plant in B Feb. p. 66. imports of products authorized by government; May p. 49. tuna: company to base four vessels in ; Aug. p. 62. seines for vessels dispatched to vessels, fishing, ; Apr. p. 48. ; July p. 64. to purchase six from; Dec. p: 69. Purse-seines, fishermen trained to use; Dec. p. 70. Soviets: deliver fishing vessel to firm in swOctap oo, Dec. p. 70. Gaye land fish in ; Dec. p.- 70. "GILBERT, CHARLES H," South Pacific: expedition to study fish behavior near ocean flotsam, first raft used aboard; Nov. p. 22, Dec. p. 30. tuna: collected from predator's stomachs; Aug. p. 17. studies in; Feb. p. 16, June p. 8, Sept. p. 16, Dec. p..28; GILL NETS Import tariff schedules include frozen fish blocks and monofilament , proposed changes in; Dec. p. 90. Nylon Tuna, skipjack, monofilament fishery; Feb. p. 17. for cod fishing perform well; July p. 57. tested in Hawaii GOVERNMENT AID Disaster victims in middle Atlantic area, for Apr. p. 67. 20 GOVERNMENT AID (cont.) Spain, for fishing vessels; June p. 62. GRANTS (see RESEARCH GRANTS) GREAT LAKES Canada, underutilized fish species in ,» new products developed from; Sept. p. 65. Lake Michigan: base, Bureau research vessel in; Feb. p. 21. trawl fishing investigations of southern; Oct. p, 15. water pollution control research, scientific vessel conducts; Nov. p. 42. Lake trout: egg surplus expected; July p. 28. joint efforts to bring back to upper ; Jan. p. 16. planted fish in Lake Michigan from ferry; Sept. p. 25. yearling, planted in Lake Superior; July p. 21. Michigan, commercial fishery landings from waters, 1961; May p. 22. Regional director assistant appointed for Central Region; Dec. p. 88. Sea lamprey control, reports on; Feb. p. 51. Scientific committees to study long-range pro- grams for eastern 3 Feb. p. 51. Trawler, stern-ramp, in ; Apr. p. 33. and GREAT LAKES FISHERIES EXPLORATION AND GEAR RESEARCH Exploratory fishing vessel completed; Jan. 17, Lake Erie: seasonal distribution studies of commercial fish stocks continued; July p. 20. trawl fishing investigations; Dec. p. 34. Lake Michigan: base in; Feb. p. 21. exploratory fishing operations; Apr. p. 19, June p. 16, trawl fishing investigation of southern; Oct. p. 15. GREAT LAKES FISHERY COMMISSION Meetings of ; Feb. p. 51, Sept. p. 54. GREAT LAKES FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS Lake Erie: population survey continued; Jan. p. 17, Feb. p. 22, June p. 17, July p. 21, Aug. p. 21, Sept. p. 26, Oct. p. 18, Dec. p. 36. studies to determine length and age of fish at end of growing season; Jan. p. 17. Lake Michigan: chubs and associated species depth distribution studies; Aug. p. 23. dredge performance tested for bottom studies in southern; Dec. p. 36. population survey continued; Jan. p. 18, Feb. p. 23, June p. 17, Aug. p. 23, Oct. p. 18. Lake Superior: chemical treatment for streams to eradicate sea lamprey; June p. 18. fall distribution of fish studied; Jan. p. 19. lake trout: distribution studies in western; June p. 17, Aug. p. 21, Sept. p. 26, Oct. p. 17, Nov. p. 25, Dec. Deistie spawning populations assessed in Apostle Islands area; Jan. p. 19. GREAT LAKES FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS Lake Superior: whitefish spawning populations assessed in Apostle Islands area; Feb. p. 24, Mar. p. 18. GREECE Cannery, new, to be built; Nov. p. 68. Frozen fish industry; May p. 49. Landings, 1961; Aug. p. 62. Motors, outboard, donated to fishermen; Dec. p. 70. Purse-seine nets, mechanical device, new, invented by shipowner for hauling in; Nov. p. 67. Sponges: artificial cultivation of; Aug. p. 63. exports, 1961; Aug. p. 63. Trawlers: freezer fleet expanded; Nov. p. 67. freezer-vessel landings, January-June 1962; Sept. Dpeat6s steel, new, being built; Aug. p. 63. Vessel, commercial fishing, fleet, 1961; Aug. p. 63. GREENLAND Fish processing plant at Godthaab, new, planned by Danish and Faroese interests; Nov. p. 65. Seal skins, auction of; Apr. p. 46. Shrimp: canning and exports; July p. 64. industry; Sept. p. 76. GROUNDFISH Blood samples collected from; May p. 24. Fillets, import tariff-rate quota for 1962; Mar. p. 76. New England, abundance forecast on banks in 1962; Feb. p. 24. North Atlantic survey completed; Jan, p. 25. GROUPERS Trawling explorations for along the Southeast- ern Coast of the United States; Dec. p. 1. GUAM Development program planned, expanded; Sept. p. 40. GUATEMALA Shrimp: Japanese - Nov. p. 68. Pacific Coast ports, fishing expanding at; July p. 64. trends, first quarter 1962; July p. 64. vessel licenses being granted; May p. 50. firm fishing off Central America; GUINEA Polish trawlers fishing off ; Feb. p. 90. Sardines, canned, market for; Mar. p. 40. Trends; July p. 65. GULF EXPLORATORY FISHERY PROGRAM Caribbean Sea, western, area's potentially -valuable species assessed; Aug. p. 24. Gulf of Mexico: clam and scallop distribution studied; Nov. p. 25. exploration for potentially-valuable deep-water species; Oct. p. 19. midwater trawling and escapement behavior of pelagic fish studied; June p. 19. shrimp: areas explored in; Feb. p. 25. electrical field experiments and burrowing be- havior observations; Sept. p. 27, Dec. p. 38. GULF EXPLORATORY FISHERY PROGRAM (cont.) Gulf of Mexico (cont.): shrimp (cont.): gear improvement studies expanded; Oct. p. 29. marking study; Nov. p. 24, Dec. p. 37. royal-red catches good; Oct. p. 20. underwater observations of trawls in action; Jan. p. 20, Sept. p. 27. trawl, experimental midwater, tested; Feb. p. 25. GULF FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS Engineering projects effect on fishery resources in estuarine; June p. 20. Estuarine program; January-March1962;Junep. 19. Galveston biological lab: dedicated; Feb. p. 27. industrial fishery program of; June p. 22. research by; June p. 19. studies, July-September 1962; Dec. p. 38. Shrimp: brown, large-scale marking experiment; Apr. p. 14. distribution studies; Jan. p. 20, Feb. p. 28, Mar. p. 19, Apr. p. 15, May p. 20, June p. 22, Aug. pp. 25, 26, Sept. p. 29, Oct. p. 21, Nov. pp. 26, 27, Dec. p. 42. forecast of better catches for 1962; Sept. p. 28. marking study off Louisiana and Texas coasts; Aug. p. 26. program, January-March 1962; June p. 20. research program: expanded; Oct. p. 29. vessels, two chartered; Feb. p. 28. young, study of role that northern currents play in movement of; Apr. p. 14. GULF OF MEXICO Clam and scallop explorations along Louisiana and Texas coasts; Nov. p. 25. Ecology of western estuaries; June p. 19, Dec, p. 41. Engineering projects effect on estuarine fishery resources; June p. 20. Exploration for potentially-valuable deep-water species in northern Oct. p.19% Oysters, fungus parasite to be studied by Texas A&M college; Oct. p. 29. Sea-water laboratory dedicated at Galveston, Tex.; Feb. p. 27. Shrimp: areas explored; Feb. p. 25. brown, large-scale marking experiment in; Apr. p. 14. distribution studies; Sept. p. 29. royal-red catches good; Oct. p. 20. tagged in; June p. 35. vessels, number of, to shift fishing operations to Colombia; Apr. p. 26. young, study of role that northern play in movement of; Apr. p. 14. Trawling, midwater, experimental type tested in 3; Feb: p.'25. Tuna, blackfin, Federal specification requirements, study made of canned products to determine; Sept. p. 43. currents HADDOCK Mating call of male ; July p. 138. New England, abundance forecast on banks in 1962; Feb, p. 24. 21 HADDOCK Rat-feeding studies to determine presence of anti- metabolities, water-soluble vitamins, and essential minerals in raw menhaden as compared with raw and beef; May p. 6. HAKE Argentina landings, 1960-61; Aug. p. 57. Biological data on American collected off New England coast; Aug. p. 32. HALIBUT California, age-weight-length relationships studied; July p. 14. Japan: Bering Sea landings; Sept. p. 90. bottomfish fishery in North Pacific, carriers re- turn from; Aug. p. 75. frozen export prices; Aug. p. 73, Sept. p. 90, Dec. p. 76. North Pacific North Pacific: area 3A fishing ended August 11, 1962; Sept. p. 52, areas 2 and 1 fishing ended September 8; Oct. p. 37. regulations for 1962; Apr. p. 37. Steaks, frozen, glazed product, accuracy of net- weight determinations for; Oct. p. 5. research, views on; Nov. p. 75. HANDICAPPED WORKER CERTIFICATES (see WORK- ER CERTIFICATES) HATCHERIES Columbia River, spawning channel for salmon at McNary Dam; Sept. p. 49. Japan, commercial fish p. 57. and fish farms; Jan, HAWAII Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations, raft expe- dition, first, to study fish behavior near ocean flotsam; Nov. p. 22, Dec. pp. 30, 31. Tilapia as live bait for skipjack tuna, good results with; Aug. p. 27. Tuna: blood types being studied for subpopulation identi- fication; June p. 7, Oct. p. 12. skipjack: landings; Jan. p. 21, Feb. p. 30, Mar. p. 19. migration from eastern Pacific to , first recorded; Aug. p. 39. monofilament gill nets tested in; Feb. p. 17. yields this year expected to be below average; June p. 22. HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE, DEPART- MENT OF (see FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION and PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE) HELICOPTER British suggest use of for ocean trawling; Sept. p. 109. HERRING Alaska: fishery; July p. 12, Sept. p. 13. investigations; Sept. p. 14. research; Dec. p. 21. season successful in 1962; Dec. p. 18. spawning studies; Aug, p. 10. Boning machine; Mar. p. 54. HERRING (cont.) British Columbia: fleet price agreement; Jan. p. 45, Dec. p. 64. landings and products, 1956/57-1961/62; May p. 44. Canning, vacuum method developed for; Feb. p. 60. Curing of , development of; Feb. p. 10. Faroe Islands, salted fishery trends, early September 1962; Nov. p. 66. Iceland: catch as of November 1961; Feb. p. 67. exports to Norway for reduction; July pp. 65, 68, Aug. p. 63. frozen sales; Mar. p. 42. north coast season; Aug. p. 63, Sept. p. 77. record sale to USSR; Aug. p. 63. salting; Oct. p. 57, Nov. p. 68. season good; July p. 67. summer fishery; Oct. p. 56, Nov. p. 68. Japan: Alaska's Shelikof Strait, p. 58. bought from USSR; Aug. p. 78. catch limit for Bering Sea contemplated; Feb. p. 82. Lake, organoleptic evaluation of sept. psi2o. Maine landings, Jan.-Sept. 1962; Dec. p. 51. New England coast, commercial concentrations sought off; Jan. p. 24. Norway: machine, new, sorts by size; Aug. p. 83. roe industry gets start; May p. 10. trends; July p. 89, Dec. p. 80. winter fishery; Mar. p. 51, May p. 66, Aug. p. 83. Pacific: Alaska may be serious predator of pink salmon fry; Sept. p. 14. Soviets conduct research on migrations; July pe low, Roe, Japanese consider it a delicacy; June p. 58. Swedish landings in German Federal Republic; Apr. p. 48. Tag recovery, bright colors aid; Feb. p. 41. Trawling, midwater, operations start off New Eng- land; Apr. p. 19. USSR: fleet increased; Apr. p. 63. North Atlantic, fishing in; July p. 99. fishing in; June Pacific migrations, researchon; July p. 101. United Kingdom 110. industry subsidies; Sept. p. HONDURAS, REPUBLIC OF Shrimp: exports to U. S. decline; Oct. p. 55. landings decline in 1961; July p. 65. HORMONES Salmon, Canadian studies on in; Feb. p. 61. HYDRAULIC PRESS Fish press cake, for laboratory preparation of; Dec. p. 14. ICELAND Exports of fishery products; Feb. p. 67, July p. 66, Aug. p. 64, Sept. p. 79, Nov. p. 69. Fish meal trends; Aug. p. 64. Fish oil production, 1961; Apr. p. 48. Freezing plants, five, form new export association; Mar, p. 41. Frozen fish: exporters receive additional credits from United States bank; July p. 66. exports; Apr. p. 49. sales to USSR; May p. 50, June p. 63. Herring: dispute settled; Sept. p. 78. exports to Norway; July pp. 65, 68, Aug. p. 63. frozen sales; Mar, p. 42. north coast season; Aug. p. 63, Sept. p. 77. record sale to USSR; Aug. p. 63. salting; Oct. p. 57, Sept. p. 78, Nov. p. 68. season good; July p. 67. summer fishery; Oct. p. 56, Nov. p. 68. trends; Feb. p. 67, Sept. p. 77. Investment and credit; Apr. p. 49. Landings: principal species; Feb. p. 67, June p. 48, Aug. p. 64, Sept. p. 80, Nov. p. 70. utilization of; Feb. p. 69, Apr. p. 50, May p. 51, June p. 48, July p. 68, Aug. p. 65, Sept. p. 80, Nov. p. 69. Loan from U. S, sought to aid fish-processing plants; Nov. p. 68. Marketing and production trends; Sept. p. 78. Pricing and selling, developments in; Apr. p. 49. Pricing board for fish established, new; Mar. p. 41. Production; Jan. p. 52, Feb. p. 68, Sept. p. 79. Russian vessel, visit of; Oct. p. 57. Scandinavian Fisheries Ministers Conference; Oct. p. 57. Soviet research vessels in; Sept. p. 79. Thorlakshofn Harbor Project; Dec. p. 71. Trade with Soviet Bloc; Oct. p. 57. Trawler: aid to; May p. 50. difficulties in 1961; Apr. p. 49. dispute settled; Sept. p. 77. tie-up; May p. 50, July p. 65. trends; Sept. p. 77. Trends; Jan. p. 51, Feb. p. 67, Apr. p. 48, May p. 50, July p. 65, Aug. p. 63, Sept. p. 77, Oct. p. 56, Nov. p. 68, Dec. p. 70. Whaling: season opens; Aug. p. 64. trends; Sept. p. 79, Dec. p. 71. IMPORTS Airborne, U.S. p. 34, Nov. p. 50. Canned fishery products, Japanese exports to U. S.; Aug. p. 78. Denmark's fish fillets and blocks and fishery by- products exports; May p. 46, June p. 47, July Pp. 60) 4Octs!'p.'53; Dect ps6, Duties, U. S., and Common Market external tariffs for selected fishery products; Dec. p. 11. of fishery products; Oct. HYDROFOIL VESSEL Edible fishery products, processed; Jan. p. 34, Feb. Oceangoing , first; Apr. outside back cover. p. 44, Mar. p. 27, May p. 34, June p. 41, July p. 41, Aug. p. 41, Oct. p. 33, Nov. p. 48, Dec. p. 53. ICELAND Fillets, groundfish, import tariff-rate quota for; Exceptionally good fishing in 1961; Feb. p. 67. Mar, p. 76. IMPORTS (cont.) Fish blocks, frozen, and monofilament gill nets in- cluded in proposed changes in tariff sched- ules; Dec. p. 90. Fish meal: and scrap, Aug. and Sept.; Dec. p. 44. U.S. ; Mar. p. 20, Apr. p. 17, May p. 21, June p. 24, July p. 22, Aug. p. 29, Sept. p. 30, Oct. p. 23, Nov. p. 28. Fish solubles, U.S. >» Marps205, Apreips lit; May p. 21, June p. 22, July p. 24, Aug. p. 29, Sept. p. 30; Oct. p. 23, Nov. p. 28, Dec. p. 44. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, President puts into effect results of 1960-61 tariff negotia- tions; July p. 110. Gill nets, monofilament, included in proposed changes in tariff schedules; Dec. p. 90. Halibut, frozen, Japanese export trends, August 1IG2Z Dec wp. a6. Industrial products, January 1962; June p. 25. Japan, fishery products (excluding tuna), frozen, exports to U.S., fiscal year 1961; Aug. p. 76. Lobsters, spiny, Australian exporter recommends new method of selling to U.S.; Oct. p. 46. Massachusetts law, new, for products; July p. 27. Octopus, frozen, Japanese exports to U.S. and Canada; Nov. p. 78. Sablefish, frozen, shipped to U.S. by Japan; Jan. p. 56. Shrimp: Australia, western, U.S. from; Dec. p. 61. British Guiana's exports, 1961; Sept. p. 64. food and drug standards, from Mexico must meet minimum; Jan. p. 59. frozen, Honduras exports to U.S. decline; Oct. Pp. 39. supply indicators, U.S., June 1962; Aug. p. 38. U.S. ; Mar. p. 26, May p. 27, Dec. p. 49. Statistical detail beyond that provided in new tariff classification; Aug. p. 44. Swordfish, frozen, Japanese export quota to U.S. increased; Jan. p. 54, Apr. p. 54, Nov. p. 78. Trends, fishery , 1960; Jan. p. 36. Tuna: Japan: exports: canned: brine type to U.S.; Feb. p. 72. in oil, April-July 1962; Dec. p. 73. pack to U.S. by Malayan-Japanese cannery approved by; Feb. p. 73. sales for, to U.S.; Mar. p. 43. packers seek removal of restrictions on U.S. of; Nov. p. 70. tariff, U.S., seeks to lower on frozen: albacore, producers to continue separate quotas to U.S.; Apr. p. 51. bases, trend to establish joint overseas to U.S.; May p. 56. canned, value of, in first half of 1962; Oct. p.58. HY M9615 June p.-50. freight rate reduction proposed for shipments TOMW SS. eb ey pent lis quotas, U.S.: over-all, association proposes; May p. 53. producers association plans to increase; Jan. p. 53. ; June p. 49. 28 IMPORTS Tuna: Japan: exports: frozen: quotas, U.S.: producers recommend 100,000-ton to; Mar. p. 42. set for 1962; Apr. p. 51, May p. 53, Aug. p. 67, sept. p. 83) Octy p. sil, Dec. ps Wl. skipjack, packers can for U.S.; Sept. p. 82. swordfish and, to U.S. to be increased; Jan. Desde yellowfin: and albacore _ to U.S., 1961; Aug. p. 67, Sept. p. 83. claims mount on U.S. quotas: producers to continue separate, to U.S.; Apr Dp. Ole status of; Dec. p. 71. rejections by U.S. packers increase; Aug. p. 66. in brine: canners set 1962 quota to U.S.; May p. 54. prices raised; July p. 70. quota, U.S. under; Jan. p. 35, Feb. p. 45, Mar. p. 27, May p. 35, Junep. 42, July p. 42, Aug. p. 43, Sept. p. 46, Oct. p. 34, Dec. p. 53. to U.S.; Apr. p. 53, June p. 50, July p. 70, Sept. p. 82, Oct. p. 58, Nov. p. 70, Dec. p. 72. USSR, U.S. fishery products _ from; Sept. p. 46. U.S.: fish meal and solubles production and Jan. p, 22, Feb. p. 30. selected fishery products; Jan. p. 34, May p. 35, Aug. p. 42, Dec. p. 44. whale oil; July p. 24, Dec. p. 44. from; Nov. p.71. > INDEXES Wholesale price for edible fish and shellfish, new reference base for; Apr. p. 30. INDIA Shrimp and fish project in sought for; May p. 51. Technical assistance, Norwegian- development project; Feb. p. 69. , U.S. collaboration fisheries INDIAN OCEAN Japan: research vessel to explore tuna resources; Mar. p. 44. tuna mothership operation in __; Dec. p. 75. Oceanography: aay biological research ship for expedition; Sept. p. 34, conference for expedition; July p. 51. International _ Expedition: approved at second session of IOC; Dec. p. 60. U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey to participate in; Oct. p. 26. South Africa's participation in p. 84. Soviet oceanographic research; Aug. p. 89. Tuna: Japanese: Penang & Singapore designated as transshipment ports for; May p. 57. research; Dec. 24 INDIAN OCEAN (cont.) Tuna (cont.): Japanese (cont.): skipjack, survey in May p. 57. Soviet exploratory fishing survey in June p. 63. reveals fishare small; ended; INDONESIA Japanese: = fisheries agreement; Apr. p. 50, Aug. p. 65. negotiations continue to establish tuna base; July p. 68, Aug. p. 72. Soviet technicians plan construction of oceanographic school; Sept. p. 80. INDO-PACIFIC FISHERIES COUNCIL Tenth session held in Seoul, Republic of Korea; Dec. p. 60. INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGES Marine environment, study of effects of of hot water on; July p. 43. INDUSTRIAL FISH Denmark landings heavy in June 1962; Sept. p. 69. Gulf of Mexico: bottom fish, distribution and abundance in west- ern area of, July-September 1962; Dec. p. 41. catch, commercial, sampling and distribution studies; June p. 22. INDUSTRIAL FISHERY PRODUCTS Denmark, odor control studied in fish reduction plant; Dec. p. 68. Fish meal: animal feeds; Dec. p. 44. broiler rations for best results; Dec. p. 44. imports; Jan. p. 22, Feb. p. 30, Mar. p. 20, May p. 22, June p. 23, Aug. p. 28, Sept. p. 30, Oct. p. 22, Nov. p. 28. major indicators; Jan. p. 22, Feb. p. 32, Mar. p. 19, Apr. p. 15, May p. 20, June p. 25, July p. 23, Aug. p. 27, Sept. p. 32, Oct. p. 24, Nov. p. 29. Peruvian law, new, expedites issuance of licenses to plants; Oct. p. 64. production; Jan. pp. 21, 22, Feb. pp. 30, 31, Mar. p. 20, Apr. p. 15, May pp. 21, 22, June pp. 23, 24, 25, July p. 23, Aug. pp. 27, 28, Sept. pp. 30, 31, Oct. pp. 22, 23, Nov. p. 28, Dec. p. 43. world production; Sept. p. 59, Oct. p. 42, Dec. DP. Fish oils: animal feeds; Dec. p. 44. imports; Jan. p. 22. major indicators; Jan. p. 22, Feb. p. 32, Mar. p. 19, Apr. p. 15, May p. 20, June p. 25, July p. 23, Aug. p. 27, Sept. p. 32, Oct. p. 24, Nov. pees menhaden oil stimulates growth of chicks; Oct. Pp. 22. production; Jan. p. 21, Feb. p. 31, Apr. p. 15, May p. 21, June pp. 24, 25, July p. 23, Aug. p. 27, sept. pp. 30), 31, Oct. p; 23, Nov. p. 28, Dec..p. 43. Fish solubles: imports; Jan. p. 22, Feb. p. 30, Mar. p. 20, May p. 22, June p. 23, Aug. p. 28, Sept. p. 30, Oct. pied. INDUSTRIAL FISHERY PRODUCTS Fish solubles: major indicators; Jan. p. 22, Feb. p. 32, Mar. p. 19, Apr. p. 15, May p. 20, June p. 25, July p. 23, Aug. p. 27, Sept. p. 32, Oct. p. 24, Nov. p29). production; Jan. pp. 21, 22, Feb. pp. 30, 31, Mar. p. 20, Apr. p. 15, May pp. 21, 22, June pp. 23, 24, 25, July p. 23, Aug. pp. 27, 28, Sept. pp. 30, 31, Oct. pp. 22, 23, Nov. p. 28, Dec. p. 43. stimulates growth of chicks; Oct. p. 22. German Federal Republic, reduction method for fish tested successfully, new; Jan. p. 48. Production of in 1961; Nov. outside back cover. INSPECTION Fees for fishery products services by Interior Department; Apr. p. 66, July p. 107. Mislabeled products, processor accountable for re- moval of USDI shields from; Apr. p. 66, July p. 109. Products, voluntary standards and program for; Nov. p. 46. INSURANCE Credit for U.S. exporters; Apr. p. 29. United States exports extended to longer-term policies, on; Sept. p. 46. INTER-AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK Chile, U. S. $5 million fishery project loan approved for; Mar. p. 36. INTER-AMERICAN TROPICAL TUNA COMMISSION Meeting for 1962; July p. 52. INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC COM- MISSION Paris sessions; Feb. p. 54, Nov. p. 58, Dec. p. 60. Resolution adopted by ; Jan. p. 44. Sea phase, Arabian, of Indian Ocean expedition de- fined by working committee; Oct. p. 42. Tropical Atlantic investigations, working group plans program for; Nov. p. 59. UNESCO: communications and fixed stations working groups meet; Sept. p. 58. data exchange experts group meets; Sept. p. 59. Indian Ocean expedition, Arabian Sea plans coor- dinated; Sept. p. 58. INTERIOR, DEPARTMENT OF THE (also see COM- MERCIAL FISHERIES, BUREAU OF) American Fisheries Advisory Committee: advisory group views status of; Aug. p. 11. new members named by Secretary; June p. 67. objectives, responsibilities and authority; Feb. Daoids, Bureau of Outdoor Recreation established in u June p. 67. Conservation regulations for eastern Pacific yellow- fin tuna; June p. 67, Nov. p. 87. Conservation service awards, fishery firm receives one of seven; July p. 16. Construction of fishing vessels committee, members appointed to; Aug. p. 91. Cooperatives, proposed regulations for enforcement of desist orders against possible restraint of trade by; Oct. p. 72. INTERIOR, DEPARTMENT OF THE (cont.) Damsite, Mountain Sheep, on the Snake River, rec- ommended by ; Aug. p. 18. Don Pedro (Calif.) Reservoir Project hearing, to intervene in; Dec. p. 49. Fish protein concentrate, National Academy of Sci- ences spurs research on; Dec. p. 33. Fur seals: contract for processing Alaska skins to be can- celed; Jan. p. 65, sealskin processing contract, five firms seek U.S. Government; Dec. p. 33. International Food Congress, fifth meeting, exhibit at; Oct. p. 14. Loan fund procedures, revision of; Sept. p, 112. Protein-deficiency study, international, aids in; Feb. p. 20. Storm damages July p. 38. U. S.-Japan tuna conference, officials of ticipate in; Nov. p. 54, United States strives to rehabilitate its fishing in- dustry; Dec. p. 88. Vessels, fishing, disaster loans approval urged by ; June p. 66, World tuna meeting in California, Under Secretary Carr delivered keynote address; Aug. p. 51. facilities on Atlantic Coast; par- INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ADMINISTRATION Fisheries grants to foreign countries; May p. 77. INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE EXPLORATION OF THE SEA Fiftieth statutory meeting held in Copenhagen; Oct. p. 45. INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, AGENCY FOR "Cooley Loans" now available in 18 African coun- tries; Aug. p. 94. INTERNATIONAL FISH MEAL EXPORTERS ORGANI- ZATION Meets with International Fish Meal Manufacturers Association; Dec. p, 59, INTERNATIONAL FISH MEAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION Annual meetings; Apr. p. 37, Sept. p. 56, Dec. p. 58. Meets with International Fish Meal Exporters Or- ganization; Dec. p, 59. INTERNATIONAL FOOD CONGRESS Fifth , Interior Department exhibit at; Oct. p. 14. INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF REFRIGERATION International Congress to be held in Munich; Aug. p. 59. INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION Commercial fishermen work conditions reviewed; Nov. p. 58. INTERNATIONAL NORTHWEST ATLANTIC FISHER- IES COMMISSION Annual meeting, twelfth, of the Aug. p. 53. Japan considering participation in ; Mar. p. 30, SHAT S Spells 25 INTERNATIONAL NORTHWEST ATLANTIC FISHER- IES COMMISSION Poland adheres to Convention; Mar. p. 30. Research and statistics, standing committee meets; July p. 46. INTERNATIONAL NORTHWEST PACIFIC FISHERIES COMMISSION Annual meeting, sixth; Feb. p. 50, May pp. 42, 60. Crab, king, production quota, Japanese and Soviet reach agreement on; July p. 47. Japanese -Soviet: meeting in Moscow; Jan. p. 43. salmon: areas and catch quotas, agreement on North Pa- cific; July p. 47. catches, 1956-1961; Aug. p. 52. Pacific catches, 1961; Feb. p. 50. regulatory area issue negotiations deadlocked; July p. 46. Talks, fishery, Japanese send top official to Moscow to attempt to break deadlock; July p. 46. Technical talks end (Japan-USSR); Mar. p. 32. INTERNATIONAL PACIFIC HALIBUT COMMISSION Area 3A fishing ended August 11, 1962; Sept. p. 52, Areas 2 and 1 fishing ended September 8; Oct. p. 37. Japanese views on North Pacific halibut research; Nov. p. 75. Regulations for 1962; Apr, p. 37. INTERNATIONAL WHALING COMMISSION Fourteenth meeting of ; Aug. p. 54, Sept. p. 59. Norway, cancels conditional withdrawal from ; Sept. p. 99. Scientific ad hoc committee of meets; Aug. p. 54. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION Exemption for trucks, certain frozen prepared fish- ery products included in; Aug. p. 93. INVENTIONS Lifeboat launching device, new, patented; Dec. p. 45. "Tox and onions,'' precooked, product patented; Sept. p. 32. Lure, new, patented; Dec. p. 45. Outboard motor tilting device, new patented; Dec. p. 45. INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES Agency for International Development, foreign in- vestment surveys, assistance to U. S. business for; Apr. p. 67. Saudi Arabia, fishery in; July p. 93. IRAN Caviar production, fiscal year 1957/58 season; Sept. p. 80. Imports of most fishery products prohibited; Jan. p. 52. Status of industry; Sept. p. 80. IRELAND Trout, rainbow, for export, fish farms to produce; June p. 49. West German fishing trawlers recruiting men in ; July p. 63. 26 IRRADIATION PRESERVATION Clam meats, tested for quality improvement after refrigeration; Oct. p. 25. Fish and shellfish, of; July p. 30. Products, fresh, review of studies to extend storage life of; Apr. p. 24. Radiation research laboratory, new United States Army; Sept. p. 32. ISRAEL Japanese- p. 69. Tanganyikans take fishing course in p. 65. Trawlers: deep-sea, three new planned; Jan. p. 52. freezer, first, exceeds expectations; Apr. p. 50. » joint fishing company planned; Feb. ; Aug. ITALY Chile, FAO proposal to have some fishermen re- settle in; Dec. p. 67. Cooperatives, fishery, have influential role in fish- ing industry; Sept. p. 81. EUROPECHE charter approved by fishing industry association; May p. 52. Import duty reduced on fish and shellfish meal; June p. 49. Industry, commercial fisheries; Feb. p. 70. Korea, Republic of: contracts for loan of $120 million to build fishing vessels; Oct. p. 62. fleet, proposal to expand; July p. 84. vessels, fishing, group visits to implement loan to build; Dec. p. 77. Tuna: frozen: Japan: direct shipments from Atlantic, buyer of; Nov. p. 73. import: limit planned for; Feb. p. 70. quota: increase requested; Sept. p. 81. packers, » movement supported to seek increase in; Aug. p. 65. sets duty-free; June p. 49. restrict, plans reported to; July p. 68. Spain exports to ; July p. 97. Ivory Coast, Japanese- joint base planned for; Mar. p. 42, May p. 52. United States- venture to can and market; Aug. p. 65. eS Vessels, fishing, to build large number for South Korea; Aug. p. 79. leading IVORY COAST Tuna: base planned, joint Japanese-Italian; Mar. p. 42, May p. 52. freezing and storage plant ready for operation; May p. 52. vessels, Japanese, to be placed under registry; July p. 69. U.S. company invests in fish plant; Jan. p. 52. Vessel, first, built; Aug. p. 66. JAMAICA Tuna landed in November-December 1961; July p. 69. Japan: Alaska: fishing off; Sept. p. 12. seizure of fishing vessels, protest; July p. 83. Albacore trends, May 1962; July p. 73. Angolafishing base to be established by; Aug. p. 56. Antarctic fisheries resources to be studied; Jan. p. 56. Argentine whaling and crab fishing base, fishing company to establish; Apr. p. 54. Australian firm offers to sell fish canneries to ; Jan. p. 49. Bering Sea fishing activities; Jan. p. 57, July p. 83. Bottomfish: Bering Sea: developments in fishery; Feb. p. 81, June p. 56. fleet makeup; Aug. p. 75. freezer factoryship for; Feb. p. 80. mothership fleet departs for Aleutian waters; Aug. p. 76. North Pacific fishery, two fish carriers return from; Aug. p. 75. British Guiana, fishery expert for; Feb. p. 58. Canneries, overseas, fisheries Agency's position on; May p. 59. Canning operations of large fishing companies expand through tie-ups with small packers; Feb. p. 79. Cod in Northwest Atlantic, stern trawler to fish for; Oct=p:.61e Crab, king: Bristol Bay: operations in; Feb. p. 82, Sept. p. 90. quota set for fall catch; Aug. p. 74. Government issues licenses and regulations; Sept. ps9. production quota for North Pacific, viets reach agreement on; July p. 47. Depth-finder, transistorized, developed by firm; Nov. p. 78. arse a East African fisheries, pti) Apr.) paso. Ecuador - joint fisheryfirm planned; Sept. p. 73. Exports: numa canned fishery products; Feb. p. 77, June p. 58, July p. 82, Aug. p. 78, Dec. p. 73. controls, voluntary, to WesternHemisphere, status of; May p. 63. frozen products (excluding tuna) to the U.S., fiscal year 1961; Aug. p. 76. selected fishery products, 1961; July p. 82. targets for certain fishery products adopted by Council; May p. 54. trade promotion, Government loans for; Mar. p. 46. Fish meal: Angola: factoryship: departs for; Jan. p. 56. operations successful off; Apr. p.56, Nov. p. 78. production off; Feb. p. 83. firm expanding operations off; July p. 81. operation by firm planned off Mozambique and; June p. 55. Cuba, exports to; Oct. p. 52. industry study planned; Feb. p. 83. Ghana: authorizes imports of products; May p. 49. economic cooperation with; Dec. p. 69. firm constructing fish cold-storage plant in; Feb. p. 66. purchases six fishing vessels from ; Dec. p. 69. Government to and So- plans to survey; Feb. JAPAN (cont.) Halibut: Bering Sea landings; Sept. p. 90. frozen, export prices; Aug. p. 73, Sept. p. 90, Dec. p. 76. North Pacific research, views on; Nov. p. 75. Ham and sausage quality standards; May p. 61. Hatcheries and fish farms, commercial; Jan. p. 57. Herring: Alaska, fishing in Shelikof Strait; June p. 58. Bering Sea catch limit contemplated; Feb. p. 82. bought from USSR; Aug. p. 78. Indonesia, government seeks fishing base in; Apr. p. 50, Aug. p. 65. Israeli- joint fishing company planned; Feb. p. 69. Kelp: Kurile Islands, USSR not to permit vest off; Aug. p. 77. utilization, Minister and Premier Khru- shchev discuss; July p. 84. Landings of fishery products, 1961; Sept. p. 91. Mackerel, canned: exports and supply; Feb. p. 77, May p. 62, June p. 55. sales of jack, April-September 1962; Dec. p. 76. Malagasy Republic: joint fishery firm to be established in; Aug. p. 80. tuna fishery, aids in developing; Sept. p. 94. Mozambique, fishing venture with sought by; Dec. p. 80. Netherlands West Indies, Curacao delayed; Apr. p. 58. Netting plant in Africa, three firms to jointly es- tablish; May p. 62. Nigerian- joint fishery enterprise at Lagos; Jan. p. 60, Feb, p. 87, May p. 65, Aug. p. 82. North Atlantic, firm seeks to operate trawler in; July p. 82. North Pacific Fisheries: Commission, International, meeting in Tokyo, Interior Secretary Udall addressed; Jan. p. 42. Convention: position on; Aug. p. 73. Socialist party opposes extension of Tripartite; Sept. p. 92. tripartite, June p. 54, regulations for independent long-line and gill-net vessels operating in; June p. 56. Northwest Atlantic: Commission, participation being considered in; Aug. p. 77. trawl fishing, fishing firms plan; Sept. p. 92. Northwest Pacific Fisheries Commission: sixth annual meeting; May p. 42. Soviet- fishery meeting in Moscow; Jan. p. 43. technical talks with USSR end; Mar. p. 32. Oceanography, marine research institute, new, established; Sept. p. 93. Octopus: frozen, exports to U. S. and Canada; Nov. p. 78. landings; Feb. p. 84. Okhotsk Sea, trawl survey to be made in; Aug. p. 77. Oysters, fresh or frozen, United States - agree on sanitation standards for; Dec, p. 77. Pakistan, to send fishery survey team to; June p. 60. Power block, tuna fishing vessel tests; Sept. p. 89. to har- fishing base at Salmon Federation's views on; 27 JAPAN Regulations, fishery, Government asks for more money for enforcement of; Mar. p. 46. Russian trawl fishing methods in Gulf of Alaska considered outdated by ; Nov. p. 79. Ryukyu Islands, tuna vessels bought from | Dec. p. 84. Sablefish: Bering Sea, fishing in; Feb. p. 81. frozen, shipped to U.S.; Jan. p. 56. Sales promotion of food products, more money for; Mar. p. 46. Salmon: abstention principle, industry urges end of; Sept. PeeoHs catch in Pacific, 1961; Feb. p. 50. fleet begins fishing in North Pacific waters south of 45° N. latitude; July p. 80. gill nets, industry restrictions on mothership fleet use of; July p. 80. mothership fleet, composition of; July p. 80. North Pacific: areas and catch quotas, agreement on; July p. 47. catch, 1956-1961; Aug. p. 52. Convention, industry's views of; July p. 81. mothership catch quota for; Aug. p. 73, Sept. p. 90. plans for 1962 fishery in; May p. 60. regulations, Government issues on displaced ves- sels planning to fish tuna; July p. 79. regulatory area issue, -Soviet fishery nego- tiations deadlocked on; July p. 46. vessels: licenses granted to former for tuna fishing; July poy: long-line, research catch goal south of 45° N, latitude; Sept. p. 90. tuna fishing, assigned to; May p. 60. Sardines: canned, exports; Feb. p.78, Apr. p. 56, May p. 62. industry trends; Feb. p. 78, Apr. p. 56. Saudi Arabia and Lebanon seek joint fishing venture with ; May p. 60. Saury, canned, Egyptian Government authorizes im- ports of product; Nov. p. 83, Sausage, fish, companies interested in building plants abroad; July p. 84. Schools, fish, guidance and concentration to be studied; Sept. p. 92. Shrimp: Bering Sea: canned, factoryship pack in; Aug. p. 76. factoryship operation planned in; Mar. p. 44. canning objective of mothership fleet in Aleutian waters; Aug. p. 76. frozen, U.S. exports and re-exports to ; Jan. p. 36, Feb. p. 45, Mar. p. 26, Apr. p. 30. Guatemala- joint firm fishing off Central America; Nov. p. 68. Pribilof Islands, fishing off, 1962; Aug. p. 76. Somali fisheries, Japanese interested in; Apr. p. 60. Soviet reaction to certain Japanese fishery propos- als; Aug. p. 77. Survey planned to develop new fishing grounds; Apr. p. 50. Swordfish exports to United States; Jan. pp. 53, 54, Apr. p. 54, Nov. p. 78. and Soviets reach 28 p. 55. mothership-type in, fishing firm hopes to operate; May p. 55. twelve reported in; May p. 59. depart for West Africa and Australia; Aug. p. 78. fleets, two experimental, for eastern Bering Sea authorized by Government; Feb. p. 79. South Africa fishing operations; Mar. p. 45, Apr. p. 59. stern: built, two being; Mar. p. 45, completed large; Aug. p. 78. departs for West African waters; Dec. p. 77. en route to Atlantic; May p. 59. fishing off West Africa; Oct. p. 61. launched; Nov. p. 79. Trawling: Alaska Peninsula, south of, Fisheries Agency per- mits; Feb. p. 79. Atlantic, northwest: Agency authorizes; Sept. p. 92. Government studying fishery in; Aug. 77. expected to start early in October 1962; Oct. p- 61. West Africa, operations off; Feb. p. 79. Tuna: albacore: American-tagged fish recovered by p. 76. Atlantic, new areas discovered in; Sept. p. 88. conditions off ; June p. 69, Aug. pp. 69, 70. landings as of mid-May 1962; July p. 74. North Pacific schools, research vessel investi- gates; Sept. p. 87. prospects for fishing off research; Aug. p. 68. summer season starts; July p. 73. winter fishery under way; Feb. p. 73. American-Samoan bases; July p. 77, Nov. p. 74. Argentina - fishing venture planned; Dec. p. 61. Atlantic Ocean: conditions, fishing; Apr. p.52, Aug. p. 71. improved fishing; Feb. p. 75, July p. 75. producers discuss declining catch in; Aug. p. 71. research vessel to explore; Sept. p. 87. slow fishing in 1961 in the; Feb. p. 75. trends; July p. 75, Oct. p. 59. vessels operating in July 1962; Sept. p. 87, Dec. p. 74. bluefin: Australian and Indian type found to be identical; May p. 57. record size sold for $1,000; May p. 56. canned: Belgium, prices in, mid-September 1962; Nov. p. 60. exporters reject packers! proposal to raise prices; Febsip.. 71. exports: packed by Malayan- UPiSss eb. ipy iia. regulations, new, announced; Feb. p. 72. sales to U. S.; Mar. p. 43. specialty products; Feb. p. 72. Usis.cJian., pps 92550. 3 July —_ 3 July p. 72. cannery approved to JAPAN (cont.) JAPAN Trawlers: Tuna: Atlantic Ocean: canned: large, to be sent by fishing company; June exports: value, first half of 1962; Oct. p. 58. white meat prices, canners consider increase of; Sept. p. 82. Netherlands, wholesale prices mid-Sept. 1962; Octap263s pack, 1960; Feb. p. 77. packers seek removal of restrictions on U. S, imports of; Nov. p. 70. Peru proposes control of sales to Europe; Feb. p. 89. prices to West Germany; Nov. p. 67. Switzerland, prices in, mid-Sept. 1962; Nov. p. 83. trends, industry, August 1962; Nov. p. 70. canned in brine: companies pledge not to pack at overseas bases; Apr. p. 53. exports: canners set 1962 quota to U. S.; May p. 54. pack and shipments to U. S.; July p. 70. prices raised; Feb. p. 72, July p. 70. joint -~Malayan cannery reported packing; Dec. p. 78. sales to U. S.; Feb. p. 72, Apr. p. 53, June p. 50, July p. 70, Sept. p. 82, Oct. p. 58, Nov. p. 70, Dec. pe 112. survey, market, in midwestern United States; July p. 71. canned in oil: exports; Apr. p. 54, June p. 50, Dec. p. 73. market in Europe weakens; Dec. p. 74. cannery, new, to pack; Aug. p. 67. canning operation at Penang, report on joint Malayan; Mar. p. 47. catch quota for South Pacific fishing bases may be established; Aug. p. 70. Ceylon: firm fishes for; Dec. p. 66. resources off, new, explored; Jan. p. 55. company to be established by cooperative; Sept. Deroo's Cook Islands, joint Sept. p. 69. Ecuador seizes vessel; Oct. p. 53. exporters seek 100 percent letter of credit; Feb. Dewi. exports, calendar years 1956-60, of swordfish and; Sept. p. 83. ex-vessel prices; Apr. p. 52, May p. 55, Sept. p. 84, Oct=ip: 59. Fiji Island base; Jan. p. 48, Feb. p. 64, May p. 58, June p. 48, Aug. p. 61, Sept. p. 75, Dec. p. 69. finder developed; Oct. p. 60. fleet; May p. 58. frozen: exports: Atlantic Ocean prices; Feb. p. 71, Aug. p. 71, Oct. p. 59. costs to Europe from Czechoslovakia; June p. 56. direct to European and African countries, 1961; Nov. p. 73. Malayan- base concentrating on; Sept. p. 96 U. S.; Jan. p. 53, Feb. pp. 70, 71, Mar. p. 42, Apr. pp. 51, 52, May p. 53, June p. 50, Aug. pp. 66, 67, Sept. p. 83, Oct. pp. 57, 58, Nov. p. 71, Dec. pp. 71, 72. -New Zealand base for; proper; Oct. p. 59. 29 JAPAN (cont.) JAPAN Tuna (cont.): Tuna: frozen (cont.): ex-vessel prices at Tokyo, Aug. 10, 1962; Sept. p. 84. France, firms export to; Oct. p. 54. Indian Ocean, Penang and Singapore designated as transshipment ports for; May p. 57. Italy: exported directly from exports to; Dec. p. 72. packers! movement to seek increase in import quota supported by ; Aug. p. 65. plans to limit imports; Feb. p. 70. prices reported firm; July p. 74. transshipment bases, Fisheries Agency desig- nates Penang and Singapore as; June p. 51. warehouse in Atlantic area, hope to estab- lish; Feb. p. 76. Ghana: company to base four vessels in; Aug. p. 62. vessels dispatched to; July p. 64. "green meat" studies on discovering it aboard the vessel; Feb. p. 76. heads, frozen, exported for bait; Dec. p. 76. Home Islands, fishing conditions off, early July 1962; Sept. p. 85. Indian Ocean: mothership operation in; Dec. p. 75. research vessel to explore resources in; Mar. p. 44. Indonesia base; July p. 68, Aug. p. 72. industry: proposes lobby in U. S,; Jan. p. 53. trends; Nov. p. 75. Ivory Coast, joint Mar. p. 42, May p. 52. Korea to build six vessels in landings; Aug. p. 72, Nov. p. 73. licensing policy, new, Fisheries Agency to an- nounce; Aug. p. 72. loins, frozen, export quota raised; Apr. p. 52. long-liner(s): fleet trends; Oct. p. 61. Formosa, to construct two for; Jan. p. 62. Malayan base, fishermen urged to bring catches to; Sept. p. 97. meeting, more views on second United States - SUNOVeuDenl Os mothership(s): fleets scheduled to depart for fishing grounds; July p. 75. portable-vessel-carrying: firms, four, to use class two; Dec. p. 75. regulations for; July p. 76, Sept. p. 88, Dec. p. 75. restrictions, fishery, companies to request liberalization of; Mar. p. 43. New Caledonia, -French base planned for; Aug. p. 82, Sept. p. 97. Okinawa, imported from; June p. 54. Pacific Ocean: catches by the mothership fleets in the; July p. 76. distribution in; Feb. p. 75, eastern: estimated catch in; May p. 55. press comments in on United States proposal to regulate; June p. 51. to; Sept. p. 81. -Italian base planned for; 3; Sept. p. 93. Pacific Ocean: eastern: research vessel to survey resources in; Sept. p. 87, Dec. p. 74. forecast for fishing; Jan. p. 54, Feb. p. 74, Nov. 195 {ho landings, 1960, estimated at 530,000 metric tons; May p. 55. south: mothership: catch in area; Feb. p. 74. departs for; July p. 75. operations; Feb. p. 74. patent, United States packer files for; Aug. p. 67. Philippines - enterprise to be formed; July ee ehle Portuguese- joint venture proposed; Oct. DP: ,00%. prices, catcher vessels in mothership fishery; Mar. p. 43. problems, special committee formed to study; Oct. p. 60. quotas increased for motherships and certain over- seas bases; Sept. p. 86. regulations on landing and transfer relaxed by government; Nov. p. 72. research: council proposes large-scale program; Mayp. 54. program expansion planned; Aug. p. 68. resource problems group to study; Aug. p. 68. seines for Ghana, making; Apr. p. 48. skipjack: district, one, to expand fishery; Nov. p. 73. Indian Ocean survey reveals fish are small; May p. 97. prices ex-vessel, make canning unprofitable; Sept. p. 82. prospects for fishing off pp. 69, 70. trends; July p. 73, Aug. p. 70., U. S., packers can for; Sept. p. 82. Yaizu landings; Sept. p. 85. specialty packs, exports of; Mar. p. 43, Apr. p. 54. Tahiti base, second application to Fisheries Agency for; June p. 62. Taiwan, two large vessels built for; May p. 71. Tokyo ex-vessel prices; Dec. p. 74. transshipment bases, Penang and Singapore pro- posed as; Mar. p. 44, United States: California, proposed p. 47. conference, joint; July p. 77, Nov. pp. 46, 54, 77. market surveyed by Fishery Agency; Feb. Deis Venezuela, fishing firm not able to rotate tech- nicians in; Nov. p. 83. vessel(s): based in Ecuador; Oct. p. 53. bases overseas trying to acquire more; Oct. p. 60. company to build ten; Aug. p. 72. demonstrated efficiency of power block; Nov. p. 74. Ivory Coast registry; July p. 69. loans proposed for construction of; July p. 77. National Cooperative schedules meeting to study use of its; Sept. p. 89. ; July p. 72, Aug. -U. S. venture in; Nov. 30 JAPAN (cont.) Tuna (cont.): vessel(s) (cont.): regulations, fishing, revision planned; Oct. p. 60. size classification to be eliminated; July p. 76. small, Fisheries Agency views on use of; July p. 78. survey shows larger being constructed; Jan. p. 56. tonnage: additional allocation of; Sept. p. 88. increase, Federation opposes; July p. 78. yellowfin: catch data, Fisheries Agency requests vessels to submit; Sept. p. 86. frozen: export quota: status of; Dec. p. 71. U.S., producers to continue to separate; Apr. perol. ex-vessel price drops; Oct. p. 59. rejections by U.S. packers of, imported from increase; Aug. p. 66. South Pacific mothership fleet catching mostly; Aug. p. 70. Tunalike fish, frozen, from South Africa, fishing firms hope to import; Jan. p. 54. USSR, fishery talks, joint, sends top official to Moscow to attempt to break deadlock; July p. 46. Vessels, fishing: change to Brazilian registry; May p. 43. construction subsidy program, changes recom- mended in; May p. 61. tuna, five being built in West Africa: investment possibilities in, p. 55. waters, another trawler to fish in; Apr. p. 55. Whaling, Canadian- joint enterprise to operate; Apr. p. 42. World fishery trends, study planned of; Aug. p. 78. Yaizu fishery landings; Jan. p. 55, Feb. p. 74, Apr. p. 52, May p. 56, June p. 54, July p. 72, Sept. p. 85, Dec. p. 76. for Cuba; Aug. p. 73. studying; Apr. JELLYFISH Research grant awarded to University of Miami; Apreiprlt: "K AHO" Great Lakes exploratory fishing vessel completed; Jan. p. 17. Lake Erie: seasonal distribution studies of commercial fish stocks continued; July p. 20, Oct. p. 17. trawl fishery investigations in; Dec. p. 34. Lake Michigan: exploratory fishing in southern; Apr. p. 19, June Dp. 16: trawl fishing investigations of southern; Oct. p. 15. will be home port; Feb. p. 21. KELP Japanese: Kurile Islands, not permitted to harvest by Soviets off; Aug. p. 77. Soviet territorial waters, proposal to take ins Aug a pe vliie utilization, » minister discusses with Soviet Premier Khrushchev; July p. 84. KOREA, REPUBLIC OF Cooperatives, fishery, law enacted; July p. 85, Sept. p. 94. Development, fishing industry, laws drafted to en- courage; May p. 64. Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council holds tenth session in Seoul; Dec. p. 60. Vessels: contracts for loan of $120 million to build; Oct. p. 62. Italy: built for , large number to be; Aug. p. 79. fleet, proposal to expand; July p. 84. loan to build, group visits to implement; IDE cwipeniiits tuna: Japanese firm to build six; July p. 84, Sept. p. 93. United States, firm to purchase from; Sept. p. 93. KURILE ISLANDS Kelp off , USSR not to permit Japanese to harvest; Aug. p. 77. KUWAIT Shrimp: producing potential surveyed by U.S. firm; Nov. p. 80. trends, industry; Aug. p. 80. LABELING Mislabeled fishery products packages, processor accountable for removal of USDI shields from; Apr. p. 66, July p. 109. LABOR, DEPARTMENT OF Learners at subminimum wage rates, conditions governing employment of; Dec. p. 89. Shellfish industry: survey conducted by Bureau of Labor Statistics may affect rulings; Dec. p. 89. worker certificates issued to, expiration date ex- tended on; Dec. p. 89. Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Divisions minimum wage: overtime for fishing and fishery processing, inter- pretative bulletin issued on; Mar. p. 62. special, for learners infishery plants may be pos- sible; Aug. p. 94. LAKE CHAD Citizens of Chad do not fish SOC wollte LAKE ERIE Length and age of fish at end of growing season studied to determine, October 1961; Jan. p. 17. Seasonal distribution studies of commercial fish stocks continued; July p. 20. Trawl fishing investigation in ; Dec. p. 34. Vessel continues fish population survey; Jan. p. 17, Feb, p. 22, June p.17, July p. 21, Aug. p. 21, Sept. p. 26, Oct. p. 18, Dec. p. 36. LAKE MICHIGAN Chubs and associated species, depth distribution studies of; Aug. p. 23. LAKE MICHIGAN (cont.) Dredge performance tested in southern studies; Dec. p. 36. Exploratory fishing in southern June p. 16. Lake trout planted from ferry; Sept. p. 25. bottom spApr sips 19; Pollution, water, control research in » scien- tific vessel conducts; Nov. p. 42. Survey: continued in ; Aug. p. 23. season, 1962; June p, 17. Trawling: investigation of southern Octwpe lo. outlook promising for; Sept. p. 25. LAKE SUPERIOR Chemical treatment for sea lamprey; June p. 18. Lake herring, organoleptic evaluation of; Sept. p. 25. Lake trout: catches restricted to quota; Sept. p. 56. contract fishermen only to fish for; Sept. p. 55. distribution studies; Oct. p. 17, Nov. p. 24, Dec. Peale Michigan's waters closed to commercial fishing; June p. 28. native and hatchery-reared, distribution studies; Aug. p. 21, Sept. p. 26, Oct. p. 17. sea lamprey wound occurrence down in; Sept. p. 55. spawning populations assessed in Apostle Islands area of sedan. Pele yearling, planted in ; July p. 21. young, research vessel will concentrate on study of; June p. 17. Sea lamprey: adult, take in down in 1962; Sept. p. 55. population reduced by chemical treatment of streams; Sept. p. 54. Survey, fishery, for 1962 season begins; Aug. p. 21. Whitefish spawning populations assessed in Apostle Islands area; Feb. p. 24, Mar. p. 18. streams to eradicate LAKE TROUT Lake Superior: catches restricted to quota; Sept. p. 56. contract fishermen only to fish ; Sept. p. 55. native and hatchery-reared , distribution studies; Aug. p. 21, Oct. p. 17. research vessel will concentrate on study of young 3; June p.. 17. sea lamprey wound occurrence in popula- tions down; Sept. p. 55. spawning populations assessed in Apostle Islands area; Jan. p. 19. yearling planted in; July p. 21. Michigan: egg surplus expected; July p. 28. planted in six lakes; Dec. p. 46. reproduction, natural, of Oct. p. 25. project completed; LAMPREY (see SEA LAMPREY) LANDINGS California shrimp pounds; Jan. p. 14, U. S. commercial fishery Swan p.oceMar, p- 22, Sept. p. 43, Oct. p. 31, Dec. p. 50. in 1961 exceeded 2 million 31 LATIN AMERICA Marine research and oceanography in ; July p. 51. LATIN AMERICAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION Tariff negotiations concluded; Apr. p. 41. LEBANON Saudi Arabia and with Japan; May p. 60. Trends; Dec. p. 77. seek joint fishing venture LENTEN PROMOTION "It's Fish 'n Seafood Time,'' March 7-April 22; Feb. outside back cover. LIBERIA Japanese-Italian fish plant for ; Feb. p. 84. Taiwan- fishing operations; Feb. p. 93. LIGHT FISHING USSR, mackerel fished with lights; May p. 72. LOANS Approved; Feb. p. 20, May p. 32, Aug. p. 40, Nov. p. 48. Canning firm in Florida gets Chile, U.S. $5 million "Cooley tt Aug. p. 94. Maine fishery firm, industrial p. 85, Procedures, revision of; June p. 68, Sept. p. 112. United Kingdom fishery interest rates revised; June p. 64, Sept. p. 109, Vessels, fishing, disaster approval urged by Interior Department; June p. 66. Washington State fishery firm gets industrial B Dec. p. 87. ; Mar. p. 59. approved to; Mar. p. 36. now availablein 18 Africancountries; approved; Nov. LOBSTER(S) Maine , use of environmental and economic factors to check population biological fluctuations of; Aug. p. 6. Spiny: Australia: catch in 1961/62; Dec. p. 62. tagging results; Dec. p. 63. U. S. sales, exporter recommends new method for; Oct. p. 46. California regulations changed; Oct. p. 9. El Salvador fishery promising; Sept. p. 75. freight rates, ocean, canned and frozen , from certain African ports to the U. S.; Nov. p. 46. Mauritania industry; July p. 86. Mexico's Baja California catch, 1961/62 season; Aug. p. 81, Nicaragua: Atlantic Coast, fishery trends on; July p. 88. Corinto-fishing; Aug. p. 82. Panamanian explorations, vessel chartered for; Sept. p. 100. South Africa Dero. South Africa Republic: fishery; Nov. p. 15. industry trends; July p. 94. restrictions, fishing, further may be imposed on ; May p. 69. area destroyed by volcano; Feb. LOBSTER(S) (cont.) Spiny (cont.): South-West Africa fishery trends for 1961; p. 102. Sept. LONG ISLAND SOUND Oyster spawning and setting observations in Feb. p. 35, Aug. p. 36, Sept. p. 38, Oct. p. 28, Nov. p. 39. LONG LINE Description of and set line gear, with hooks; Decepent Swordfish, gear tested for; Aug. p. 32. Tuna, bluefin, concentration found during a exploration of the Northwestern Atlantic Slope; Feb. p. 1. USSR builds first tuna vessel; Oct. p. 67. LUXEMBOURG Canned fish import tariffs to be raised; Feb. p. 57. MACKEREL Argentina landings, 1960-61; Aug. p. 57. Canned: El Salvador's import duty on U.S. un- changed; Oct. p. 53, Japanese exports and supply, Apr.-Nov. 1961; Feb. Dervlate Malayan market for 7 APPLE Denote Philippine wholesale prices; Apr. p. 59. South Africa's freight rates, ocean, from Cape Town or Walvis Bay to certain Far Eastern and South American ports; Nov. p. 46. Jack: canned: Japan: exports; May p. 62, June p. 55. sales, April-September 1962; Dec. p. 76. landings to Noy. 3, 1962; Dec. p. 51. MADAGASCAR (see MALAGASY REPUBLIC) "MADTOM" Lake Erie fish population survey; Sept. p. 26. MAINE Landings, 1961; July p. 25. Loan, industrial, fishery firm approved; Nov. p. 85. Lobster population biological fluctuations, use of environmental and economic factors to check; Aug. p. 6, Sardines: arteries, healthier, research suggests canned product promotes; June p. 27. canned stocks; Jan. p. 23, Mar. p. 21, Aug. p. 29, Sept. p. 33. canners await arrival of 1962 runs of fish; July p. 26. canning season: extended by Legislature; Jan. p. 22. extension not producing; Apr. p. 18. Sea scallop populations, a method of predicting fluctuations in the sOctiopadl. York County shellfish industry study approved; Aug. p. 94. MALAGASY REPUBLIC China, Republic of, fishery agreement being con- sidered with; July p, 85. MALAGASY REPUBLIC Firm, fishery, joint, to be established by Japan; Aug. p. 80. Shrimp exploitation, attention being given to; Jan. Pp.) Ok Taiwan- joint fishing operations; Feb. p. 93. Trends, fisheries; Sept. p. 95. Tuna: canning developments; Jan. p. 58. exploratory fishing for; Feb. p. 84. Japanese and Chinese aid in developing fishery; Sept. p. 94. MALAYA Sardines and mackerel, canned, market for; Apr. plots Shrimp, fresh-water, culture experiments by FAO scientist successful; Dec. p. 57. Tuna: canning operation at Penang, report on joint Japanese-Malayan; Mar. p. 47. exports to U. S. from joint -Japanese base; Feb. pp. 73, 86, May p. 57, Sept. p. 96, Dec. p. 78. ex-vessel prices at Penang; July p. 86, Aug. p. 80. Japanese fishermen urged to bring catches to Penang; Sept. p. 97. transshipment bases, Japanese use Penang and Singapore as; Mar. p. 44, June p. 51, July p. 85, Sept. p. 96. MARINE FAUNA Deep-water off mouth of Columbia River, survey of; Feb. p. 32, Apr. p. 20, June p. 31. MARINE FORMS Preservation of some for study; Sept. p. 111. MARINE RESEARCH Latin America oceanography and 3 July p. 51: MARINE RESOURCES ADVISORY COMMITTEE FAO Commission approved , correction; Apr. p. 65, MARKETING Edible fishery products June p. 28, Sept. p. 33. prospects; Apr. p. 18. MARLIN North Atlantic migrations studied; Feb, p, 41. MARYLAND Landings, 1961; July p. 26. Oyster observations; Aug. p. 37, Sept. p. 39, Nov. p. 40. Storm damages coastal areas; July p. 37. Tuna cannery, new, at Cambridge; Jan. p. 31. MASSACHUSETTS Imported products, new law for; July p. 27. Landings; July p. 27, Aug. p. 29. Marine Fisheries Advisory Commission, new; Dec. p. 46. Marine fisheries promotion and development law enacted; Sept. p. 34. Weed "'steals'' oysters planted in Oyster River; Sept. p. 40. MAURITANIA Lobster, spiny, industry; July p. 86, MENHADEN Distribution of eggs along North Carolina coast studied; Mar. p. 21. Oil: stimulates growth of chicks; Oct. p. 22. use in poultry nutrition discussed at international meeting; Dec. p. 60. Rat-feeding studies to determine presence of anti- metabolites, water-soluble vitamins, and essential minerals in raw as compared with raw had- dock and beef; May p. 6. U.S. landings, Jan.-Oct. 1962; Dec. p. 50. MEXICO Advisory Commission created; Feb. p. 86. Development program, National Consultative Fish- ery Commission announces; June p. 59. Fish meal plant granted tax exemption; May p. 64. Freezer-fishing vessel, Brazilian, being built in ; May p. 64. Import duties on edible fishery products increased; Mar. p. 50. Lobster, spiny, Baja California catch, 1961/62 sea- son; Aug, p. 81. Shrimp: East Coast contracts; Dec. p. 79. export: duties increased; Dec. p. 79. U. S. must meet minimum food and drug stand- ards; Jan. p. 59. freezing plant: cooperative buys; Dec. p. 79. planned at Guaymas; Apr. p. 57. landings, 1961; July p. 86. port being developed with Dutch funds; Dec. p. 79. severance tax changed on some products; Mar. p. 50. sportfishing licenses for fishing in Baja Califor - nia now required; Mar. p. 50. trends; Aug. p. 80, Dec. p. 78. West Coast price dispute; Nov. p. 80, Dec. p. 78. Tuna, Canada's west coast vessels enter fishery off southern California and ; Nov. p. 61. MICHIGAN Lake trout: egg surplus expected; July p. 28. Great Lakes, upper, joint efforts to bring back to; Jan. p. 16. Lake Superior waters closed to commercial fish- ing; June p. 28. planted in six lakes; Dec. p. 46. reproduction, natural, project completed; Oct. p. 25. Landings, commercial fishery, from Great Lakes waters, 1961; May p. 22. Water pollution problem in examine; Feb. p. 47. , conference to MICROWAVE OVEN DEFROSTER Mechanized _ for thawing frozen fish; Oct. p. 15. MICROWAVE THAWING (see THAWING) MIDDLE ATLANTIC Fluke tagging experiment; Nov. p. 34. MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES Landings, 1961; Dec. p. 46, 33 MIDWATER TRAWLING (see TRAWLING) MILITARY SUBSISTENCE SUPPLY AGENCY (see DEFENSE, DEPARTMENT OF) MILKFISH Pacific Science Congress resolution on ; Mar. Pol: MINERALS Menhaden, raw, as compared with raw haddock and beef, rat-feeding studies to determine presence of essential in; May p. 6. "MISS ANGELA" Shrimp distribution studies in Gulf of Mexico; Feb. p. 28, Mar. p. 19, Apr. p. 15, May p. 20, June p. 22, Aug. p. 25. MISSISSIPPI Landings, 1961; Aug. p. 30. MISSOURI Research unit for University; Dec. p. 47. "MOLLUSK" California, abalone growth studies conducted for commercial and sport fishery; Dec. p. 25. MOROCCO Canned fish export trends; Jan. p. 59, Feb. p. 87, July p. 87, Oct. p. 62. Limits extended to 12 miles; Oct. p. 63. Sardines: frozen: exports to France to be resumed; Dec. p. 79. French fishermen protest imports from ; Oct. p. 54. pack target for 1962/63 season; Aug. p. 81. production and marketing; Feb. p. 86. Territorial waters extended; Dec. p. 79. Tuna fishing development planned; Oct. p. 62. MORTGAGE INSURANCE Fishing vessel program; Feb. p. 46, Aug. p. 40, Nov. p. 48. MOTHERSHIPS Japan: firms seek changes in regulations on portable- vessel-carrying ; July p. 76, Sept. p. 88. portable-vessel , four firms to use Class Two; Dec. p. 75. salmon fleets, composition of; July p. 80. Soviet for fish freezing, four, to be built in Denmark; July p. 104. MOTORS Outboard , preventative maintenance helps assure proper operation of; June p. 89. MOUNTAIN SHEEP DAMSITE Interior Department recommends River; Aug. p. 18. on the Snake MOZAMBIQUE Fish meal operation by Japanese firm planned off si JUNE. 00s Venture with Japan sought; Dec. p. 80. 34 MULLET Products, new, development of; Oct. p. 25. Smoked: rancidity, effect of butylated hydroxy toluene and potassium sorbate on development of; Apr. p. 5. sausage tested in Florida; Oct. p. 25. "MURRE II" Alaska, maiden voyage of new oceanographic re- search vessel; Dec. p. 21. "MUSKY II' Lake Erie fish population survey; Feb. p. 22, June p. 17, July p. 21, Aug. p. 21, Sept. p. 26, Oct. p. 18, Dec. p. 36. MUSSELS Crowfoot bar used for harvesting ; June p. 72, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Fish protein concentrate studied; Aug. p. 21, Dec. p. 33. NATIONAL FISHERIES INSTITUTE Annual convention in New Orleans; July p. 28. Government aid for small business; July p. 29. Industry seeks greatly expanded sales; July p. 29. Officers, new, of ; July p. 31. Resolutions adopted at convention of ; July Dayolls Small fisheries to U.S. economy, importance of; July p. 29. NATIONAL FISH WEEK Month-long national promotion to feature seafood plate contest; July p. 29. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION Indian Ocean oceanographic expedition, biological research ship for; Sept. p. 34. "NAUTILUS" California: crabs, growth studies and abundance investigated; Mar, p. 12, Oct. p. 9. rockfish tagging cruise in Monterey-San Simeon inshore waters; Jan. p. 15. salmon fingerlings, midwater trawling for; Jan. p. 14, Feb. p. 13, Apr. p. 13, June p. 7, July p. 15, Aug. p. 16, Sept. p. 15, Oct. p. 10, Nov. p. 21, Dec. p. 22. NAVIGABLE WATERS Dumping in U.S, __ illegal; Oct. p. 26. NAVIGATION Atlantic seaboard, March storms roughed-up ocean bottom and altered channels along; Aug. Pp. 31. Charts, ships of tomorrow may demand a new look in; June p. 65. NAVY, U. 5S. Turtles, green, planted in Caribbean by 8 July p. 40. NEAR EAST Regional Conference for the cussed at sixth; Oct. p. 38. , fisheries dis- "NENUE" Raft expedition to study fish behavior near ocean flotsam; Nov. p. 22, Dec. p. 31. "NEPTUNE" Alaska tanner crab fishery; Sept. p. 13. NET(S) Canadian fishermen's courses in Prince Edward Is- land include gill-___ instructions; July p. 58, Depth of ,» device for recording; Jan. p. 16. Purse-seine, mechanical device, new invented by Greek shipowner for hauling in ; Nov. p. 67. Synthetic webbing offers less resistance when towed; May p. 23, meres night fishing with successful; Mar. p. 55. NETHERLANDS Import: anes on certain fishery products changed; May p. 65. He bear eer fishery products included in; Aug. Da od. tariffs on canned fish to be raised; Feb. p. 57. Mexico, fishing port being developed with funds in; Dec. p. 79. Tuna, canned, Japanese, wholesale prices in mid- Sept. 1962; Oct. p. 63. Whaling expedition, final results of Antarctic; July p. 87. NETHERLANDS WEST INDIES Japanese fishing base at Curacao delayed; Apr. p. 58. NEW CALEDONIA Tuna: base planned, Japanese-French; Aug. p. 82. catch quota for Japanese-French fishing base in ___; Sept. p. 97. NEW ENGLAND Fisheries, 1961; Dec. p. 48. Groundfish abundance forecast on 1962; Feb. p. 24. Sea scallop populations of Maine, a method of pre- dicting fluctuations in; Oct. p. 1. Trawling, midwater: operations off banks in start for 1962; Apr. p. 19. studies carried out in 1961 off the coast; Nov. p. l. NEW JERSEY Landings, 1961; July p. 32. Storm damages coastal areas; July p. 37. NEW YORK Landings, 1961; June p. 29. Salmon, fresh Pacific, shipped to by air freight; July p. 9. NEW ZEALAND Tuna: base, joint Japanese- p. 69. firm hopes to can; Feb. p. 87. industry planned; Jan. p. 59. , for Cook Islands; Sept. NICARAGUA Lobster, spiny, Atlantic Coast, fishery trends on; July p. 88. Shrimp: Atlantic Coast, fishery trends on; July p. 88. Corinto, fishing at; Aug. p. 82. trends; Jan. p. 59, Mar. p. 51, July p. 87. NIGERIA Japanese firms prospects of fishing base; Jan. p. 60, Feb. p. 87, May p. 65, Aug. p. 82. Lake Chad, fish catch from; Oct. p. 63. Norwegian fisheries delegation to ; Aug. p. 84. Tariff on fish imports raised; June p. 59. Trawler, factory, Polish, sent to ; Dec.p. 80. Vessel for fisheries research; June p. 59. NORDIC CONTACT COMMITTEE FOR FISHERIES Committee for fisheries, establishment of; June p. 46. NORDIC COUNTRIES Closer fisheries cooperation; Oct. p. 41. NORTH ATLANTIC Georges Bank, Soviet fishing on, May 1962; July jo IS Japanese firm seeks to operate trawler in July p. 82. Operational difficulties discussed by USSR and United States; Aug. p. 54. Refrigerated-sea-water tank installed in ocean perch fishing vessel; Nov. p. 42. Tuna, bluefin migrations studied; Feb. p. 41. USSR: activities in PE@ctaeps Oo herring fishing in _ ; July p. 99. trawl, two-boat, used in 5) Dect) ps 80%. NORTH ATLANTIC FISHERIES EXPLORATION AND GEAR RESEARCH Herring, commercial concentrations sought off New England coast; Jan. p. 24. Long-line gear tested for swordfish; Aug. p. 32. Midwater trawl: gear tested; July p. 32. operations off New England; Apr. p. 19, Nov. p. 1. Ocean perch: commercial potential off Nova Scotia studied; Nov. Pp. 32. midwater trawl tested in fishing for; July p. 33. Otter-trawl: net with electric field tested; Nov. p. 31. vertical opening studied of; June p. 30. Trawl instrumentation system tested; May p. 23. Vessel, new, planned to replace ''Delaware"; Apr. p. 20. NORTH ATLANTIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS Fluke tagging experiment; Nov. p. 34. Groundfish: abundance forecast on New England banks in 1962; Feb. p. 24. blood samples collected from; May p. 24. survey completed in North Atlantic; Jan. p. 25. Marine specimens, live, and biological data on hake collected; Aug. p. 32. Ocean bottom sediments and marine animal life studied; Aug. p. 33. 35 NORTH ATLANTIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS Scallops, sea: Georges Bank distribution and abundance studied; July p. 33, Nov. p. 33. spawning and biological data collected; Jan. p. 25, June p. 29. Vessel, research, new launched; July p. 42. Woods Hole Biological Laboratory in Massachusetts dedicated; Aug. p. 33. NORTH CAROLINA Animal life assessed off coast; Oct. p. 30. Clams, hard, exploratory fishing off ; Jan. p. 3. Crab-picking machine invented, new; Sept. p. 19. Landings, fishery, 1961; June p. 31. Scallops, calico, exploratory fishing off p. 5, Aug. p. 38. é "Sea bed drifters'' released along p. 21. Shrimp, exploratory fishing off ; Jan. p. 6. Storm damages coastal areas; July p. 37. Trawl, new scallop, for ; Mayp. 11. ; Jan. shore; Mar. (NORTH EUROPEAN) INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES CONVENTION OF 1926 Permanent Commission, tenth meeting of the; Aug. p. 53. NORTH PACIFIC Halibut: Area 3A fishing ended August 11, 1962; Sept. p. 52. regulations for 1962; Apr. p. 37. Japan: long-line and gill-net vessels, independent, oper- ating in fisheries, regulations for; June p. 56. salmon: fleet begins fishing in waters south of 45° N, latitude; July p. 80. mothership catch quota for; Aug. p. 73, Sept. p.90. plans for 1962; May p. 60. reach agreement on July p. 47. tuna schools, albacore, vessel investigates for; Sept. p. 87. Tae USSR: factoryship joins fishing fleet; Apr. p. 64. salmon study in ; July p. 101. areas and catch quotas; NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORATORY FISHERY PROGRAM Bottomfish, Gulf of Alaska, exploratory trawling; June p. 32, Aug. p. 35. Marine fauna sampled off mouth of Columbia River; Feb. p. 32, Apr. p. 20, June p. 31, July p. 34, Aug. p. 34. Oceanic fish survey off Pacific Northwest and Cali- fornia coasts; Aug. p. 35, Nov. p. 34. Shrimp distribution off Vancouver Island studied; Nov. p. 36. NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES COMMISSION, INTERNA- TIONAL Biology and Research Committee meets in Tokyo; Aug. p. 53. fleeting: interim, fishing problems discussed at; Oct. p. 37. scientific committee; Sept. p. 59. Tokyo, Interior Secretary Udall addressed; Jan. p. 42. 36 NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES COMMISSION, INTERNA- TIONAL (cont.) Salmon: migrations in North Pacific, three nations study- ing; July p. 49. research, international, meeting in Japan reviews; Jan. p. 41. Vessels, research, operating in the North Pacific; Jan. p. 13. NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES CONVENTION Japan: position on ; Aug. p. 73. salmon: Federation's views on ; June p. 54. industry's views of ; July p. 81. Socialist party Opposes extension of Tripartite; Sept. p. 92. NORTH PACIFIC FUR SEAL COMMISSION, INTER- NATIONAL Fifth annual meeting; Mar. p. 32, May p. 40. NORTHWEST ATLANTIC Japan: firms plan trawl fishing in ; Sept. p. 92. stern trawler to tish for cod in sA@ctapaiel. trawl fishery in , Studied by; Aug. p. 77. trawling in expected to start early in Oct. 1962; Oct. p. 61. Soviet fisheries, 1956-60; Feb. p. 95. NORWAY Agreement, Soviet- , ratified; Aug. p. 83. Canning plant, largest, expanding; May p. 66. Chile, firm builds reduction plant in; May p. 45. Cod: Lofoten fishery trends, first quarter 1962; Aug. 19} (oseoh) trends; Apr. p. 58, July p. 89. Earnings, fishermen's 1960 average; Aug. p. 84. European Economic Community: Fisheries Minister's views on; Feb. p. 89. membership of , Foreign Minister presents declaration on; Sept. p. 97. Exports: canned fish, Jan. 1-June 23, 1962; Oct. p. 63. frozen fish, increase; Jan. p. 60. products in 1961 lower; Aug. p. 84. sales organization's set records; Dec. p. 81. Fish flour, firm to produce; July p. 89. Fish sticks, subsidiary plant in U. 5. to double production; Aug. p. 21. Foreign fishery landings and processing, prohibi- tion urged on; July p. 89. Freezing plant: firm to take over in North July p. 88. sales, 1961; July p. 88. Herring: Icelandic exports; July pp. 65, 68, Aug. p. 63. machine, new, sorts by size; Aug. p. 83. roe industry gets start in ; May p. 10. trends; July p. 89, Dec. p. 80. winter fishing; Mar. p. 51, Mayp. 66, Aug.p. 83. Landings 1961; Aug. p. 84. Nigeria, fisheries delegation to; Aug. p. 84. , three-nation; NORWAY Price dispute in North settled; Apr. p. 58. Shark, mackerel, fishery off U. S. waters; Sept. Des oue Strike, buyers, announced by Fish Producers Asso- ciation; Apr. p. 58. Tariffs on imports from other EFTA countries cut by ; Nov. p. 56. Technical assistance on fisheries development to India; Feb. p. 69. Trawler(s): stern: better than side trawler, claim; Apr. p. 59. Canadian firm assigned sole rights to build type; Apr. p. 44. “Hekktind", new; Dec. p. 81. offshore fishing, being built for; Aug. p. 85. trawl net device to record position and opening of; Aug. p. 85. Trends; Apr. p. 58, Aug. p. 83. Tuna: catch in 1962 expected to be less than in 1961; Oct. p. 64. finder has limited use in fishery; Mar. p. 51. industry; Feb. p. 88. landings; Dec. p. 80. USSR: negotiations on territorial fishing rights; Apr. p. 64, May p. 40. ; Pacific salmon caught off ; Apr. p. 64. talks end on fishing limits; Jan. p. 60. Vessels, wooden, cost of building; May p. 67. Whale oil: prices lower in 1962; Aug. p. 85. production down for 1962; Aug. p. 85. Whaling: Antarctic: expeditions; Jan. p. 44, Apr. p. 58. quota for 1961/62 season; Aug. p. 85. season, 1962/63, only four fleets to participate in; Sept. p. 98. trends; Apr. p. 58, Aug. p. 83. Convention, withdraws from; Feb. p. 88. ex-whalers have shore jobs, nearly all; Dec. p. 81. Women fishermen in Apri psgoos NUTRITION Army diet, cardiologist recommends change in; Jan. pared. Cholesterol, effect of dietary fish oils on; Mar. p.16. Fish ; June outside back cover, Menhaden: chick growth stimulated by oil; Oct. p. 22. raw, aS compared with raw haddock and beef, rat- feeding studies to determine presence of anti- metabolites, water-soluble vitamins, and essen- tial minerals in; May p. 6. NYLON Gillnets of DsrOilte OCEANOGRAPHY Atlantic Ocean, tropical cooperative investigations; June p. 33, Aug. p. 56. Atlas of North Atlantic marine environment; Apr. p. 23, July p. 34. Bahama Islands area, new ocean survey to cover; Apr. ipsa. for cod fishing perform well; July OCEANOGRAPHY (cont.) Canada: Institute of ,» new; Oct. p. 48. ocean surface currents studied, effect of winds, tides, and seasons on; Feb. p. 61. plankton research in; Feb. p. 61. Coast and Geodetic Survey to participate in Inter- national Indian Ocean expedition; Oct. p. 26. Coast Guard, U.S., authorized to intensify studies; Feb. p. 102. Duke University, biological rine Laboratory; Oct. p. 27. Filmstrip, new educational, ''Deep Frontier--An Introduction to W-SEIebiy Daio3. Indian Ocean: ~ expedition; July p. 51, Sept. pp. 34, 58, Oct. p. 42. Soviet research in; Aug. p. 89. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission: Atlantic, tropical, investigations; Aug. p. 56, Nov. pp. 59, 60. program of Ma- consultative committee meets in Paris; June p. 46. experts on Data Exchange meet in Washing- ton, D.C.; Sept. p. 59. Paris sessions: first; Feb. p. 54. second; Nov. p. 58, Dec. p. 60. resolution adopted by; Jan. p. 44. working groups on communications and fixed sta- tions meet; Sept. p. 58. Japanese marine research institute, new, estab- lished; Sept. p. 93. Latin America Machine tabulating equipment used to analyze cruise observations in central Pacific; Nov. p. 22. North Carolina, sea bed drifters: released along coast; Mar. p. 21. used by Canada to study ocean currents; Sept. p. 68. Oxygen distribution studied in coastal waters; July p. 36. Pacific Ocean currents study; July p. 15. Submarine, aluminum, for oceanic research; Feb. p. 33. USSR p. 104. OCEAN PERCH Midwater trawl tested infishing for ; July p. 33. Nova Scotia fishing potential, commercial, of studied; Nov. p. 32. Pacific , trawling explorations find near Ko- diak; Nov. p. 18. USSR fishing in the Bering Sea; Apr. p. 62. OCTOPUS Japan: frozen exports to U.S. and Canada; Nov. p. 78. landings; Feb. p. 84. ODORS (see FISHY FLAVORS AND FISHY ODORS) OHIO RIVER BASIN Water quality management plan for upper ; Dec. p. 48. OKHOTSK SEA Japanese to make trawl survey in activities; Apr. p. 64, June p. 63, July 3 AUR Dat. OKINAWA Japan imports tuna from ; June p. 54, and marine research; Julyp.51. 37 "OREGON" Gulf of Mexico: clam and scallop distribution in northwestern; Nov. p.'25. experimental midwater trawl tested and shrimp areas explored; Feb. p. 25. exploration for potentially-valuable deep-water species; Oct. p. 19. midwater trawling and escapement behavior of pelagic fish studied; June p. 19. royal-red shrimp catches by 3 Oct. p20! Western Caribbean Sea potentially-valuable species assessed; Aug. p. 24. OREGON Bottom fish, offshore-inshore exchange of stocks under study; May p. 25. Clams, razor, tagging studies; Sept. p. 37. Crab(s): dungeness, fishing regulations, public hearing on; Nov. p. 39. tagging method used, new; May p. 25, Sept. p. 37. Commission announces research agreement with Atomic Energy Commission; May p. 25. Salmon: behavior of young in reservoirs being studied; Aug. p. 36. chinook: eggs planted in Coos River; Mar. p. 22. spring, three million released by ; May peor trucked around Cougar Dam; Sept. p. 36. Columbia River test fishing; June p. 10. obstacle to oceanbound migrant fish removed; Nov. P39). rehabilitation program, fish passage projects com- pleted; Nov. p. 38. returns high at 1961; Jan. p. 28. silver: fry released in Luckiamute River; July p. 35. pond-reared fish released; Apr. p. 25, May p. 27. spawning area, new, splash dam removal opens; May p. 27. Seal, hair, hunting contract to be renewed by Fish Commission; Feb. p. 34. Seismic explosions effects on fisheries probed; Oct. p. 27. Shrimp, research is key to expanding fishery in ; Aug. p. 36. Sole tagged off northern California and southern Oregon; July p. 13. Tuna, albacore: investigations off the coast of ; Nov. p. 35. studies in North Pacific; Sept. p. 36. state hatcheries in-fall of ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT Fisheries Committee meets; Feb. p. 55, May p. 39, Aug. p. 55,-Sept. p. 57. Sanitary regulations affecting fish trade, meeting on; Apr. p. 39. U.S. fisheries and the ; Aug. p. 3. OTTER BOARDS Performance measurements of Mexico; June p. 19. in Gulf of OUTBOARD MOTORS CARE donates to Greek fishermen; Dec. p. 70. OUTDOOR RECREATION, BUREAU OF New established in Interior Department; June p. 67. OYSTER(S) Bulk-handling conveyor; Apr. p. 2 Chemical control method for enemies of gress in development of; Sept. p. 37. Dredge, suction, used in industry; Oct. p. 103. Florida leases of bottoms doubled since end of 1960; May p. 19. Forklift for plants; Apr. p. 3. Fungus parasite that kills to be studied; Oct. Deol, James River seed , poor crop predicted after setting failure of; Nov. p. 41. Long Island Sound spawning and setting observa- tions; Feb. p. 35, Aug. p. 36, Sept. p. 38, Oct. p. 28, Nov. p. 39. , pro- Machines solve handling problems in plants; Apr. p. 1. Marine weed, Codium fragile,''steals" , Sept. p. 40. Maryland observations; Aug. p. 37, Sept. pp. 39, 40, Nov. p. 40. Mortalities of » research progress on; Apr. Diw2oe Pick used to harvest SNIOVeD sails Radioactive waste; May p. 36, June p, 42. Sanitation standards for fresh or frozen “ United States-Japan agree on; Dec. p. 77. Shellfish mortality conference; Mar. p. 22. Shellstock conveyor; Apr. p. 1. Shucked, production in British Columbia, 1961; Mar. Dasa South Carolina research; Feb. p. 40, May p. 29, Sept. p. 41, Nov. p. 45. SSO mortality named; Mar. p. 22. Virginia: MSX distribution in 1961; Mar. p. 22. screw borer or drill in York River, age and size of; June p. 43. Washington, loan, industrial, to proved by ARA; Nov. p. 85, firm ap- PACIFIC OCEAN Eastern: tuna: bluefin, tagging off California; Dec. p. 50. Japanese research vessel to survey resources; Sept. p. 87, Dec. p. 74. shark relationships under study; Dec. p. 50. skipjack migration from to Hawaii, first recorded; Aug. p. 39. yellowfin: conservation regulations, Interior Department announced; Nov. p. 87. Japanese press comments on United States proposal to regulate fishery; June p. 51. landings; Jan. p. 31. Japanese tuna mothership fleets in the ‘ catches by; July p. 76. Ocean currents study in central ; July p. 15. Shark tagging program on tropical __ species; July p. 36. PACIFIC OCEAN Tuna: distribution in the 3; Feb. p. 75. Japanese fishing forecast for , Sept. 1962; Nov. p. 73. studies in south ; June p. 8. PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES COMMISSION, INTER- NATIONAL Salmon, sockeye and pink: regulations in Convention waters for 1962; Mar. p. 30. i studies; July p. 47. PACIFIC SCIENCE CONGRESS Tenth resolutions include several on fisheries; Mar. p. 31. PACIFIC TRUST TERRITORY Development program planned, expanded; Sept. p. 40. PACKAGED FISH U.S. production, 1961; June p. 39. PAINTS Marine oils, better cover. with; Mar. outside back PAKISTAN Japan to send fishery survey team to p. 60. United States firms invited to aid Government in developing fisheries; Sept. p. 99. ; June PANAMA Vessel chartered for spiny lobster explorations; Sept. p. 100. PATENT(S) "ILox and onions,'' precooked, p. 32. issued for; Sept. "PEIRCE" Coast & Geodetic Survey research vessel, new; Nov. p. 36, PELAGIC FISH California: abundance sampled; Nov. p. 35. population survey continued; Feb. pp. 14, 15, Mar. p. 11, May p. 14, July pp. 12, 13, Aug. p. 15, Oct. p. 11, Nov. pp. 18, 19, 20, Dec. pp. 22, 23, 24. Mississippi Delta, midwater trawling and escapement behavior of studied; June p. 19. Oceanic survey off Pacific Northwest and California coasts; Aug. p. 35. PENANG Tuna transshipment base, Japanese propose to use as; Mar. p. 44. PERU Exports of marine products; Feb. p. 89, June p. 61, Aug. p. 86, Dec. p. 83. Fish meal: industry trends; Mar. p. 52, July p. 91, Sept. p. 100. marketing organization gains legal control over exports; Dec. p. 83. PERU (cont.) Fish meal (cont.): plants: licenses, Government's new procedures for; Oct. p. 64, Dec. p. 83. operating again; Mar. p. 53. reported shut down; Mar. p. 52. Fish oil: industry trends; July p. 90. production and exports reach new high in 1961; June p. 60. Fish protein concentrate manufacture in 4 proposal for; Aug. p. 47. Trends, second quarter 1962; Sept. p. 100, Tuna, canned, control of sales to Europe proposed; Feb. p. 89. PESTICIDES Pacific Science Congress resolution on p. 31. Wastes on marine animals, study of effects of man- made; Nov. p. 51. ; Mar. PHILIPPINES Danish-American fishing venture in for joint; Nov. p. 65. Imports: government's economic reform affects; Mar.p.53. tariffs, new, imposed on canned fish; Apr. p. 59. Japanese- tuna enterprise to be formed; July Peo Sardines, canned: bids invited on; May p. 67. South African firms low bidders on sale to x May p. 67. wholesale prices for; Apr. p. 59. South-West Africa sells large order of canned fish , plans to “OCP. 60s U. S. firm seeks Danish cutters for ; Aug. p. 86. PICKS Clams and oysters harvested with ; Nov. p. 11. PILCHARDS Congo's only cannery packs; Aug. p. 58. South Africa Republic fishery trends; July pp. 94, 96, Sept. p. 101, Oct. p. 66. South-West Africa: catch quota; Feb. p. 91, July p. 97. plants to operate year-round; May p. 70. trends; July p. 94, Sept. p. 102. "PIONEER" Indian Ocean expedition, International, Coast and Geodetic Survey to participate in; Oct. p. 26. PIRANHA Brazil's inland waters, Dp. 9 a problem in; Jan. PLANKTON Research on in Canada; Feb. p. 61. POLAND Industries of Russia, , and East Germany, talks on cooperation between; Aug. p. 89. Marine: landings, 1961; July p. 92. 39 POLAND Marine: outlook for fisheries; July p. 93. trends; July p. 92. Nigeria, factory trawler sent to; Dec. p. 80. Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Convention, adherence of announced; Mar. p. 30. Plans for 1962; Feb. p. 90. Trawler(s): freezer-type; July p. 92. luggers fishing off Guinea; Feb. p. 90. model steel, built in ; Apr. p. 62. POLLUTION Coastal waters, study of distribution of oxygen in; July p. 36. Fresh-water quality standards, laboratory, new, for research; Nov. p. 41. Industrial hot water discharges, study of effects on marine environment; July p. 43. Kill by water in 1961; June p. 34. Lake Michigan water control research, scien- tific vessel conducts; Nov. p. 42. Michigan , conference to examine problem of; Feb. p. 47. Puget Sound and Upper Columbia River, conference to examine problem of in; Feb. p. 47. Resistance to refinery wastes to be studied; July p. 36. POND(S) Commercial fish in Japan; Jan. p. 57. Danish rainbow trout culture; Sept. p. 70. Salmon, silver, -reared, released into the Columbia River; Apr. p. 25. South Carolina cultivation research; May p. 30, Sept. p. 41, Nov. p. 45. PORT SECURITY CARDS Federal regulations amended for ; Dec. p. 90. PORTUGAL Agar-agar industry, rules for assuring normal sup- ply of gellidium to; Feb. p. 90. Canned fish: exports; Jan. p. 61, Mar. p. 54, May p. 67, Aug. p. 87, Nov. p. 81. pack; Jan. p. 61, Mar. p. 53, May p. 67, Aug. p. 87, Nov. p. 82. Cape Verde Islands fishing base, modern, planned; Nov. p. 82. Cod fishermen's income for 1962/63 season in- creased; May p. 68. Exports, frozen fishery products, 1961; Aug. p. 87. Landings, selected fishery, 1961; Aug. p. 86. Sardines: canned, market outlook in 1962 for; Aug. p. 86. trends, 1961; Aug. p. 86. Tuna: canned, industry; July p. 93. joint venture proposed, Japanese- ; Oct. p. 65. PORTUGUESE MAN-OF-WAR (see JELLYFISH) POTASSIUM SORBATE Mullet, smoked, effect of rancidity in; Apr. p. 5. on development of 40 POWER BLOCK Japanese tuna vessel, efficiency of strated on; Nov. p. 74. demon- PRESERVATION Freeze-drying, vacuum, tested for application in food field; July p. 45. Irradiation: radiation research laboratory, new U.S, Army; Sept. p. 32. review of studies to extend storage life of fresh fishery products by; Apr. p. 24. Refrigerated sea water tank, experimental, installed in ocean perch fishing vessel; Nov. p. 42. Smoked mullet, effect of butylated hydroxy toluene and potassium sorbate on development of rancidity in; Apr..pii5. Soviet studies on of fish, 1961; Aug. p. 90. PRESS CAKE Hydraulic press for laboratory preparation of fish 5; Dec. \p.14; PRICES Shrimp: ex-vessel for all species, South Atlantic and Gulf ports, Oct. 1962; Dec. p. 49. wholesale for frozen domestic brown species (5-Ib. pkg.) at Chicago, Ill., October 1962; Dec. p. 49. Wholesale; Jan. p. 39, Feb. p. 48, Mar. p. 27, Apr. p. 30, May p. 37, June p. 44, July p. 44, Aug. p. 45, Sept. p. 50, Oct. p. 35, Nov. p. 52, Dec. p. 54. PROCESSING Methods of ,» new; July p. 30. PUBLICATIONS Fish and Wildlife Service ; Jan. p. 74, Feb. p. 112, Mar. p. 86, Apr. p. 79, May p. 88, June p. 79, July p. 121, Aug. p. 107, Sept. p. 126, Oct. p. 85, Nov. p. 106, Dec. p. 99. Miscellaneous fishery ; Jan. p. 76, Feb. p.114, Mar. p. 88, Apr. p. 81, May p. 90, June p. 80, July p. 124, Aug. p. 109, Sept. p. 129, Oct. p. 88, Nov. p. 108, Dec. p. 102. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE Coastal waters, study of distribution of oxygen in; July p. 36. Fresh-water quality standards, new laboratory to study; Nov. p. 41. Ohio River Basin, water quality management plan for the upper; Dec. p. 48. Resistance to refinery wastes to be studied; July Pp. 365 Shellfish sanitation centers; Jan. p. 28, Dec. p. 88. Water pollution control research in Lake Michigan, scientific vessel conducts; Nov. p. 42. PUERTO RICO Tuna cannery being built in ; Aug. p. 40. RADIOACTIVE WASTES Marine Scientists continue studies of ; May p. 36; Oysters and 3; June p. 42. RADIOACTIVITY California, studies of off San Clemente Island; Feb. p. 14. Foods, in; Sept. p. IV. RAKES Commercial fishing, used for; Dec. p. 86. RANCIDITY Smoked mullet, effect of butylated hydroxy toluene and potassium sorbate on development of in; Apr. p. 5. RECIPES Clam and cheese dip; Mar. p. 10. Deviled clams; Oct. p. 8. Outdoor clambake; July outside back cover. Scallops Lorraine; Apr. p. 4. Seafood and eggs make good main dish for family meal; Apr. p. 4. Spring is smelt time; May p. 81. Party shrimp plate; Mar. p. 103. Tangy seafood canapes; Jan. outside back cover. Try tuna salad for main dish at picnics; July p. 106. "RED ROOSTER" Tuna behavior program, chartered vessel completes studies; Nov. p. 47. REFRIGERATED SEA WATER Canada uses to transport and store salmon; Feb. p. 59. Tank, experimental, with installed in ocean perch fishing vessel; Nov. p. 42. REFRIGERATION Institute of International to be held in Munich; Aug. p. 55. RESEARCH GRANTS Fellowship awards; Feb. p. 37, Apr. p. 66. RHODE ISLAND Landings, 1961; July p. 36. RHODESIA AND NYASALAND FEDERATION Lake Kariba fishing industry; Feb. p. 90. RICE LANDS Farming on flooded ; Sept. p. 23. ROCKFISH California tagging studies continued; Jan. p. 15, Mar. p. 13, May p. 14. ROE Herring __ industry gets start in Norway; May pe ahO. "RORQUAL" Long-line gear tested for swordfish; Aug. p. 32. "ROSE, JUDITH LEE" Refrigerated sea water tank installed in ocean perch fishing vessel; Nov. p. 42. RYUKYU ISLANDS Tuna fishing trends, fall 1962; Dec. p. 84. , International Congress SABLEFISH Japan: Bering Sea fishing; Feb. p. 81. frozen shipped to U.S.; Jan. p. 56. SAILFISH North Atlantic migrations studied; Feb. p. 41. ST. VINCENT Landings, 1961; July p. 57. SALMON Alaska: Auke Bay estuary studies; Aug. p. 10. canned pack in 1962 largest in ten years; Dec. p. 17. fry migrations; July p. 10, Sept. p. 14. herring, Pacific, may be serious predator of pink fry; Sept. p. 14. Kodiak area, catch in; Dec. p. 17. Little Port Walter studies; Aug. p. 9. sockeye studies at Karluk Lake; Aug. p. 10. trends, June 1962; Sept. p. 13. Yukon River research on ‘Dec. p..21. California: Don Pedro Reservoir Project hearing, Interior Department to intervene in; Dec. p. 49. fingerlings, midwater trawling continued; Jan. p. 14 Heb. p. is, Apr. p. 12, Junesp. 7, Julysp. Los Aug. p. 16, Sept. p. 15, Oct. p. 10, Nov. p. 21, Dec. p. 22. king: annual spawning survey started; Nov. p. 21. Central Valley spawning run is down; May p. 15. study of how juveniles migrating downstream react to large dams; Apr. p. 24. Canada: refrigerated sea water used to transport and store eRe b ep envos unloading method from vessel to reduce handling; Feb. p. 60. Canned: British Columbia (Canada) pack; Feb. p. 59, Nov. p. 61. imports: El Salvador's duty on U.S. unchanged; Oct. p. 53. European Common Market lowers duty rate; Sept. p. 61. United Kingdom's lower in 1961; Aug. p. 90. Chinook: Columbia River hatcheries, more eggs taken in 1961 at; Apr. p. 24. Cougar Dam, trucked around; Sept. p. 36. Oregon plants eggs in Coos River; Mar. p. 22. spring 3 million released by Oregon; May p. 26. tagging off Washington; Sept. p. 49. Columbia River: spawning channel at McNary Dam; Sept. p. 49. test fishing; June p. 10. Freight rates, ocean, selected, for; Oct. p. 43. Hormones in , Canadian studies on; Feb. p. 61. Japan: abstention principle, industry urges endof; Sept. p. 91. crossbreeding of and trout; Mar. p. 58. gill nets, industry restrictions on mothership fleet use of; July p. 80. mothership fleet, composition of; July p. 80. North Pacific Fisheries Convention, industry's views of; July p. 81. 4i SALMON Japan: Pacific catch, 1961; Feb. p. 50. Soviet: regulatory area issue, fishery negotiations dead- locked on ; July p. 46. selling of fresh studied by specialists; Aug. p. 77. vessels: assignment to tuna fishing proposed; May p. 60. displaced, Fisheries Agency plans authorization to fish for tuna; July p. 79. licenses for year-round tuna fishing granted to former ; July p. 79. long-line, reach catch goal south of 45°N. latitude; Sept. p. 90. North Pacific: migrations, three nations studying; July p. 49. studies by fishery research vessels; Jan. p. 13. Oregon: behavior of young in reservoirs being studied; Aug. p. 36. obstacle to oceanbound migrant removed; Nov. p. 39. rehabilitation program, fish passage projects com- pleted; Nov. p. 38. returns high at state hatcheries in fall of 1961; Jan. p. 28. Pacific: air freight shipments of fresh to New York City; July p. 9. Canada tagging of ; Dec. p. 65. Scottish waters yield pink sudune)ip.16. USSR caught off Norway; Apr. p. 64. Pink: Alaska studies; Dec. p. 20. regulations in Convention waters for 1962; Mar. p. 30. studies by International Pacific Fisheries Commission; July p. 47. Planted in Klickitat River; Sept. p. 49. Red, Bristol Bay studies; Jan. p. 27, Sept. p. 14, Dec. p. 20. ; Rehabilitation of by Indians; Jan. p. III. Research, international, North Pacific Fisheries Commission meeting in Japan reviews; Jan. p. 41. Silver: Oregon fry released in Luckiamute River; Julyp. 35. pond-reared released; Apr. p. 25, May p. 26. Spawning area, new, splash dam removal opens; May p. 27. Smoked, frozen, precooked, "lox and onions," products patented; Sept. p. 32. Sockeye: regulations in Convention waters for 1962; Mar. p. 30. studies by International Pacific Fisheries Commission; July p. 47. USSR: breed, new, developed; Jan. p. 63. catches, 1956-1961; Aug. p. 52. culture of successful; Feb. p. 94. North Pacific study; July p. 101. Pacific catch, 1961; Feb. p. 50. U.S. landings, 1962 season; Dec. p. 50. Washington fish farm for , another, goes into production; July p. 43. SALTON SEA Sargo transplanted from Gulf of California now abundant in ; July p. 114. 42 "SANDRA LEE" Albacore tuna studied in North Pacific; Sept. p. 36. SARDINES California studies p. 14, Nov. p. 18. Canned: Burma, prices bid by South Africa and Japan on bids to; May p. 43. freight rates, ocean, selected; Oct. p. 43. Guinea, market for in; Mar. p. 40. industry for , origin of Pacific Coast; Dec. fosnalsis Japanese exports; Feb. p. 78, Apr. p. 56, May p. 62. Maine: research suggests arteries; June p. 27. stocks; Jan. p. 23, Mar. p. 21, June p. 26, Aug. p: 29, Sept. p. 33. Malayan market for; Apr. p. 57. Philippines: bids invited on ; May p. 67. wholesale prices; Apr. p. 59. South Africa: firms low bidders on sale to Philippines; May p. 67. freight rates, ocean, from Cape Town or Walvis Bay to certain Far Eastern and South American ports; Nov. p. 46. Venezuela, estimated pack for 1962; Aug. p. 90. FAO, world scientific meeting on the biology of being carried out; Nov. p. 57. : population off coast; Feb. promote healthier Frozen: French fishermen protest imports of Moroccan 3; Oct. p, 54, Morocco exports to France to be resumed; Dec. page Japanese industry trends; Feb. p. 78, Apr. p. 56. Maine: canners await arrival of 1962 runs of fish; July p. 26. canning: industry, origin of; Dec. p. IV. season extension; Jan. p. 22, Apr. p. 18. shortage, temporary of , true fish story on; May outside back cover. __ Morocco: pack target for 1962/63 season; Aug. p. 81. production and marketing; Feb. p. 86. New England coast, commercial concentrations of sought off; Jan. p. 24. Portugal: canned market outlook in 1962; Aug. p. 86. landings of 1961; Aug. p. 86. SARGO Transplanted Gulf of California now abundant; July p. 114. in Salton Sea SAUDI ARABIA Investment opportunity in iy ; July p. 93. Lebanon and seek joint fishing venture with Japan; May p. 60. Potential; July p. 93. SAURY USSR, Far East, fishery being expanded in; July p. 104, SCALES Age of fish from reading ; Aug. p. 100. SCALLOPS Calico: Cape Canaveral bed of from; Apr. p. 26. exploratory fishing in South Atlantic; Jan. p. 29, Feb. p. 39, Aug. p. 38, Nov. p. 43. North Carolina: explorations off; Jan. p. 5, Aug. p. 38. trawl, new, for; May p. 11. France accepts U.S. quality certification of fresh or frozen SUSE pte pe aon Frozen fried breaded, Federal standardfor; Feb. p. 98. Gulf of Mexico, distribution of in northwestern area; Nov. p. 25. Recipe--Lorraine Sea: biological data collected; June p. 29. Georges Bank distribution and abundance studied; July p. 33, Nov. p. 33. Maine populations, a method of predicting fluctua- tions in the fishery; Oct. p. 1. spawning checked off Massachusetts; Jan. p. 25. » samples obtained ; Apr. p. 4. SCANDINAVIA British and fisheries associations meet; Dec. p. 57. Iceland sends representatives to fisheries conference; Oct. p. 57. Ministers conference of SMOG Hp evo "SCOFIELD; N. Bay California: abalone growth studies conducted for commercial and sport fishery; Dec. p. 25. albacore tuna migration studies and tagging; Aug. pra: halibut age-weight-length relationships studies; July p. 15. radioactivity studies off San Clemente Island; Feb. p. 14. rockfish tagging studies; Mar. p. 13, May p. 14. shrimp and crab studies continued; Feb. p. 12. sole, dover and petrale tagging studies; July p. 13. SCUP North Carolina explorations off coast yield as the dominant species; Oct. p. 30. SEA-BED DRIFTERS Canada uses to study north Atlantic Ocean currents; Sept. p. 68. SEAL(S) Fur, Alaska skins: contract for processing to be canceled; Jan. p. 65. Interior issues prospectus on processing; Aug. p92. meeting, fifth annual, of the International North Pacific Fur Seal Commission; Mar. p. 32, May p. 40, prices at spring auction setnew record; July p. 19. United States government processing contract, five firms seek; Dec. p. 33. Greenland skins auctioned; Apr. p. 46. Hair, Oregon Fish Commission hunting contract to be renewed; Feb. p. 34. SEA LAMPREY Great Lakes, control, reports on; Feb. p. 51. Lake Superior: adult take in 1962 down; Sept. p. 55. chemical treatment for streams to eradicate; June p. 18, Sept. p. 54. lake trout wound occurrence down; Sept. p. 55. SEA LION(S) Canadian control program in coastal waters of British Columbia; Sept. p. 68. "SEAPUP Iv" Underseas research vehicle developed; Apr. p. 28. SEA TROUT Spotted, Florida tagging studies; May p. 18, July p. 18. SEAWEED Chemical derivative of as substitute for blood plasma; May p. 5. SEISMIC EXPLOSIONS Oregon, effects of on fisheries probed; Oct. p. 27. SENEGAL Tuna: industry, 1961; July p. 62. program reoriented; Apr. p. 60. SEROLOGICAL STUDIES Groundfish, blood samples collected from; May p. 24. Tuna: blood types being studied for subpopulation iden- tification; June p. 7. studies in South Pacific; Dec. p. 30. SEYCHELLES ISLANDS Tuna industry under study; Aug. p. 88. SHAD Smoked cured , use of sodium nitrate in; Feb. p. 102. SHARK(S) Atlantic and game fish study; Interior Depart- ment reports on; Feb. p. 37. Australian tagging results; Dec. p. 63. Canada, dogfish liver subsidy program; Jan. p. 46, May p. 44, June p. 46. Denmark's industry and export market; June p. 47. Drift bottle swallowed by jjOct.9p. 168. Norwegian mackerel fishery off U.S. waters; Sept. p. 97. Sound, low-frequency, response Studied to; May p. 19. Tagging program on tropical Pacific species; July pesG. Tranquilizer drug stimulates ; Jan. jp. 64. Tuna- relationships in eastern Pacific under study; Dec. p. 50. SHELLFISH Maine, York County industry study approved; Aug. p. 94. 43 SHELLFISH Mortality conference; Mar. p. 22. Sanitation centers: two, to be built; Jan. p. 28. U.S. Public Health Service for to be in oper- ation in 1963; Dec. p. 88. SHRIMP Alaska: catch; Jan. p. 29, Dec. p. 18. Prince William Sound: explorations completed; Dec. p. 18. stocks located near; Dec. p. 18. Australia, western: export of "tiger" begins; Dec. p. 61. farming of , experiments show promise; Sept. p. 62. fishery started in; Oct. p. 46. Bahama Islands, exploratory fishing for ; Jan. pas, Bait fishery in Galveston Bay; June p. 21, Dec. p. 39. Brazilian processing and exporting company, new; Dec. p. 63. Brine ,» Canadian industry in Saskatchewan; Mar. p. 35. British Guiana: exports, 1961; Sept. p. 64. studies, 1961; July p. 56. Brown, Gulf of Mexico: marking experiment, large-scale; Apr. p. 14. migration studies; June p. 21. California: explorations off coast; Feb. p. 12. landings in 1961 exceeded 2 million pounds; Jan. p.14. pink exploratory fishing off northern area; Aug. p. 12. trawling quotas changed; Oct. p. 9. Central America, joint Japanese-Guatemala firm fishing off; Nov. p. 68. Colombia: permits, regulations established on issuance of; Oct. p. 51. vessels, fishing, licensing procedure; Apr. p. 45. Culture, fresh-water experiments by FAO scientists in Malaya successful; Dec. p. 57. El Salvador's fishery trends; Feb. p. 64. Florida larval studies; May p. 18, July p. 17. Frozen: inventories; Aug. p. 38, Dec. p. 49. precooked product coated with starch gel; July p. 18. stocks; Sept. p. 42. U.S. exports and re-exports to Japan; Jan. p. 36, Feb. p. 45, Mar. p. 26, Apr. p. 30. Greenland: canning and exports; July p. 64. industry trends; Sept. p. 76. Guatemala: Pacific Coast ports, fishing expanding at; Julyp. 64. trends, first quarter 1962; July p. 64. vessel licenses being granted; May p. 50. Gulf of Mexico: areas explored; Feb. p. 25. behavior study program in; Dec. p. 40. commercial catch sampling in; June p. 21, Dec. p. 40. distribution studies; Jan. p. 20, Feb. p. 28, Mar. p. 19, Apr. p. 15, May p. 20, June p. 22, Aug. p. 25, Sept. p. 29, Oct. p. 21, Nov. p. 26, Dec. p. 42. 44 SHRIMP (cont.) Gulf of Mexico (cont.): electrical field experiments and behavior in; Dec. p. 38. forecast of better catches for 1962; Sept. p. 28. larval studies in; June p. 20, Dec. p. 39. marking studies; Aug. p. 26, Nov. p. 24, Dec. Deataiee migrations study of brown and white shrimp, July- September 1962; Dec. p. 39. research program, two vessels chartered for; Feb. p. 28. spawning populations studies; June p. 20, Dec. p. 38. tagging in; June p. 35, Dec. p. 39. underwater observations of trawls in action con- tinued; Sept. p. 27. vessels to shift fishing operations to Colombia, number of; Apr. p. 26. Honduras: exports of frozen to U.S. decline; Oct. p. 55. landings decline in 1961; July p. 65. Iced quality, comparison of pH, trimethylamine con- tent, and picric acid turbidity as indices of; Mar. Pept Imports: Mexico must meet minimum food and drug stand- ards; Jan. p. 59. U.5S.; Mar. p. 26, Sept. p. 42, Dec. p. 49. India, U. S. collaboration sought for new fish and project in; May p. 51. burrowing Japan: Bering Sea, 1962, factoryship operation planned in; Mar. p. 44. canning of objective of mothership fleet in Aleutian waters; Aug. p. 76. Ecuador -based fishing vessel to fish tuna and SIOCt psoas Pribilof Islands, fishing off, 1962; Aug. p. 76. Kuwait: industry trends; Aug. p. 80. producing potential surveyed by U. S. firm; Nov. p. 80, Laboratory, sea-water, dedicated on Gulf of Mexico for studies; Feb. p. 27. Landings in South Atlantic and Gulf States, July 1962; Sept. p. 42. Malagasy Republic, exploitation of being given to; Jan. p. 58. Meal, composition of product made from fresh and spoiled heads; Feb. p. 8. Mexico: i Dutch funds developing port; Dec. p. 79. East Coast contracts; Dec. p. 79. export duties increased; Dec. p. 79. freezing plant: cooperative buys; Dec. p. 79. planned at Guaymas; Apr. p. 57. landings, 1961; July p. 86. severance tax changed on some Mar. p. 50. trends; Aug. p. 80, Dec. p. 78. West Coast price dispute; Nov. p. 80, Dec. p. 78. , attention products; Mozambique, eastern coast has good potential; Dec. p. 80. Nicaragua: Corinto fishing at; Aug. p. 82. trends; Jan. p. 59, Mar. p. 51, July p. 87. Oregon, research is key to expanding fishery; Aug. p. 36. SHRIMP Pink: light effect on behavior of May p. 19. migration studies of p. 20, Dec. p. 40. Ponds, commercial, for in Japan; Jan. p. 57. Postlarval survey in Galveston Bay; June p. 21. Prices: ex-vessel, all species So. Atl. and Gulf ports, Oc- tober 1962; Dec. p. 49. wholesale, for frozen domestic brown species (5-lb. pkg.) at Chicago, Ill., October 1962; Dec. p. 49. Production, So. Atlantic and Gulf States, June 1962; Aug. p. 38. Recipe, party plate; Mar. p. 103. Research program of Bureau of Commercial Fisher- ies in Gulf of Mexico expanded; Oct. p. 29. Royal-red: explorations: Florida east coast; Nov. p. 43. potentially-valuable deep-water Mexico; Oct. p. 19. found in western Caribbean; Aug. p. 25. good catches by research vessel in Gulf of Mexico; Octsp.120 seasonal availability checked; Apr. p. 26. South Atlantic coast area, exploratory fishing con- tinued off; May p. 27. South Atlantic: exploratory fishing for ; Jan. p. 29. landings; Dec. pp. 49-50. : South Carolina research; Feb. p. 40, May p. 30, Sept. p. 41, Nov. p. 45. Surinam industry trends as of March 1962; May p. 70. Trawls in action, underwater observations of; Jan. p. 20. U. S. supply indicators; Jan. p. 29, Feb. p. 38, Apr. p. 25, May p. 27, June pp. 34, 35, July p. 37, Aug. p. 38, Sept. p. 42, Oct. p. 30, Nov. p. 42, Dec. p. 49. White, migration studies in Gulf of Mexico; June p. 21. studied by Florida; in Gulf of Mexico; June in Gulf of SIERRA LEONE Fishermen, foreign, prohibits immigration of; Apr. p. 60. "SILVER BAY" South Atlantic: animal life explorations off North Carolina coast; Octs ps j3l exploratory fishing for shrimp, scallops, and snap- pers in; Jan. p. 29, Feb. p. 39, Apr. p. 26, May p. 27, Nov. p. 43. shrimp tagged in Gulf of Mexico; June p. 35. SINGAPORE Tuna, frozen: Japanese propose to use base; Mar. p. 44, June p. 51. transshipment to U. S. from ; Sept. p. 96. as transshipment "SISCOWET" Lake Superior: fall distribution of fish studied; Jan. p. 19. survey for 1962 season; June p. 17, Aug. p. 21, Sept. p. 26, Oct. p. 17, Nov. p. 24, Dec. p. 37. trout spawning populations assessed in Apostle Islands area; Jan. p. 19. "SISCOWET" (cont.) Lake Superior (cont.): whitefish spawning populations assessed in Apostle Islands area; Feb. p. 24, Mar. p. 18. SKIN DIVERS Census, take of marine fish; July p. 37. SKIN LESIONS Fish oil components on healing of research on effect of; Mar. p. 17. applied SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Aid to fishery industry; July p. 29. Disaster victims in Middle Atlantic area, Govern- ment aid for; Apr. p. 67. SMELT Recipe for baked ; May p. 81. SMOKED FISH How fish are smoked; Jan. p. 88. Mullet: rancidity development in , effect of butylated hydroxy toluene and potassium sorbate on; Apr. Peo sausage tested in Florida; Oct. p. 25. Smoking fish is an ancient process; Jan. p. 12. SNAKE RIVER Damsite, Mountain Sheep, on the by Interior Department; Aug. p. 18. SNAPPERS Exploratory fishing in South Atlantic; Jan. p. 29, Feb. p. 39, May p. 29. Trawling explorations for along the South- eastern Coast of the United States; Dec. p. 1. Yellow -eye found in Western Caribbean; Aug. p. 25. SOLE Dover and petrale tagging studies; July p. 13. Fillets, frozen, federal standards proposed for grades of; Feb. p. 101, May p. 75. Rock, trawling explorations find Nov. p. 18. Tagging of near Kodiak; off northern California; July p.13. SOLUBLES Major indicators; Jan. p. 22, Feb. p. 32, Mar. p.19, Apr. p. 16, May p. 21, June p. 25, July p. 22, Aug. p. 27, Sept. p. 32, Oct. p. 24, Nov. p. 29. SOMALI REPUBLIC Japanese interested in fisheries; Apr. p. 60. SOUND(S) Drum, fresh-water, of; May p. 74. Shark response to low-frequency studied; May 19) aE SOUTH AFRICA REPUBLIC Canned fish: organization formed to market; Apr. p. 61. pack; July p. 95. Chilean fishing industry, South African companies enter; Jan. p. 47. recommended 45 SOUTH AFRICA REPUBLIC Fish meal: European countries, substitute for soybean meal; May p. 70. exports to East Germany; May p. 70. industry, 1960/61 season; July p. 95. market trends, October 1961; Jan. p. 61. plant in Chile, firm to build; May p. 45. prices, March 1962; May p. 68. production; May p. 68, July p. 95. shipping point, new, direct for; Dec. p. 84. Fish oil prices, March 1962; May p. 68. Fish solubles prices, March 1962; May p. 68. Indian Ocean research, participation in; Dec. p. 84. Japan: firms hope to import frozen tunalike fish from Wan pao. trawlers fishing off Lobster, spiny: industry trends; July p. 94. restrictions may be imposed; May p. 69. volcano destroyed area; Feb. p. 91. Pilchard-maasbanker fishery; July pp. 94, 96, Sept. p. 101, Oct. p. 66. Stockfish fishery; Nov. p. 12 Territorial fishing limits to 12 miles, to extend; Nov. p. 82. Trends, 1961; May p. 69. Tuna: company established; Apr. p. 60. development possibilities; Sept. p. 101. purse-seining experiment, Fisheries Development Corporation sponsoring; May p. 69. trends; Sept. p. 101. USSR fishing in South Atlantic off ; July p. 100. Whale production products down; May p. 70. ; Mar. p. 45. plans SOUTH ATLANTIC COAST Soviet exploratory fishing off ; Oct. p. 68. SOUTH ATLANTIC EXPLORATORY FISHERY PROGRAM Animal life explorations off North Carolina coast; Oct. p. 30. Exploratory fishing for shrimp, scallops, and snapper; Jan. p. 29, Feb. p. 39, Apr. p. 26, May pp. 27, 29, Aug. p. 38, Oct. p. 30, Nov. p. 43, Dec. p. 1. North Carolina exploratory fishing, September 1959- July 1960; Jan. p. 1. Scallops, calico, samples obtained from Cape Canaveral bed; Apr. p. 26. Shrimp tagged in Gulf of Mexico area; June p. 35. SOUTH CAROLINA Biological research progress; Feb. p. 40, May p. 29, Sept. p. 40, Nov. p. 45. Crabs, blue, experimental trawling, October-Decem- ber 1961; Feb. p. 41. Croaker abundance studied; Nov. p. 45. Finfish research in 3; May p. 30. Landings, 1961; June p. 35. Oyster research; Feb. p. 40, May p. 29, Sept. p. 41, Nov. p. 45. Pond cultivation research; May p. 30, Sept. p. 41, Nov. p. 45. Shrimp research; Feb. p. 40, May p. 30, Sept. p. 41, Nov. p. 45. Trawling, experimental, October-December 1961; Feb. p. 41. 46 SOUTH PACIFIC Tuna: Japanese mothership catch in area; Feb. joy UC studies in ; Feb. p. 16, June p. 8, Sept. p. 16, Dec. p. 28. SOUTH PACIFIC ISLANDS Fiji Islands fisheries division to be established; Dec. p. 69. SOUTH-WEST AFRICA Canned fish: pack; July p. 95. sold to Philippines, large order of; Oct. p. 66. Eastern European countries turn to fish meal as substitute for soybean meal; May p. 70. Fish meal and oil: industry, 1960/61 season; July p. 95. production, 1960/61 and 1959/60; July p. 95. Pilchard(s): attains 1961 quota; Feb. p. 91. catch quota for 1962 increased; July p. 97. plants to operate year-round; May p. 70. trends, March 1962; July p. 94. Territorial fishing limits extension to 12 miles planned; Nov. p. 82. Trends for 1961; Sept. p. 102. SPAIN Bilbao: fisheries trends; Aug. p. 88, Oct. p. 66, Dec. p. 84. new packing plant in; Apr. p. 61. Canned fish exports; Sept. p. 103. Canning industry trends; June p. 61, Sept. p. 103. Cold-storage plant, new, for Bermeo; Apr. p. 61. Factoryship, fishery, first; June p. 62. Tuna: albacore fishing; Sept. p. 103. frozen exports to Italy; July p. 97. industry; Mar. p. 54, July p. 97. packers switch to canning in oil; Oct. p. 67. Vessels: government financial aid for; June p. 62. law for renovation of; Aug. p. 88. Vigo: landings, April-May 1962; Sept. p. 102. trends; Feb. p. 92, June p. 61, July p. 98, Sept. p. 102, SPEAR Fishing with a SOCEM De iis SPONGES Greece: cultivation of , artificial; Aug. p. 63. exports, 1961; Aug. p. 63. SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE, BUREAU OF Atlantic shark and game fish study reported on; IMeD espa (oils Farming Experimental Station, Stuttgart, Arkansas; Sept. p. 23. Federal aid for sport fish and wildlife restoration, Interior apportions more funds to states for; Feb. pedis Marine census, skin divers take; July p. 37. Pacific, tropical, game fish schooling and feeding behavior study; Sept. p. 42. Research stations, two, dedicated; Dec. p. 89. STANDARDS Fillets, flounder and sole, Federal for; Feb. p. 101, May p. 75. Fish flour of identity; Mar. p. 59, June p. 65, July p. 107. Halibut steaks, frozen glazed product, accuracy of net-weight determinations for; Oct. p. 5. for grades Oysters, fresh or frozen, sanitation , United States-Japan agree on; Dec. p. 77. Scallops, frozen fried breaded, Federal for; Feb. p. 98. USDI: shields removal from mislabeled products, proces- sor accountable for; Apr. p. 66. voluntary and inspection program for fishery products; Nov. p. 46. STARFISH Long Island Sound spawning and setting of as of Sept. 19, 1962; Nov. p. 39. STATE, DEPARTMENT OF (also see AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT) International Cooperation Administration fisheries grants to foreign countries; May p. 77. Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Convention, Poland adheres to; Mar. p. 30. Trade agreement concessions effective July 1, 1962; July p. 109. STOCKFISH South Africa Republic fishery; Nov. p. 12. SUBMARINE Aluminum for oceanic research; Feb. p. 33. SUBSIDIES (see also VESSEL CONSTRUCTION DIFFERENTIAL SUBSIDY) Canadian fishing vessels, construction, Government drops replacement provision on; Nov. p. 62. Fishing Vessel Construction Differential ; Aug. p. 40. German Federal Republic government aid for fishing industry; Mar. p. 39 OECD Fisheries Committee, 1963 discussed by; Sept. p. 57. United Kingdom: aid for fishing industry; Feb. p. 96. white fish and herring for industries; Sept. p. 109. Vessel construction; May p. 31, Nov. p. 48. and program for SUPREME COURT, UNITED STATES Fishing crews unemployment and social security tax exemption, ruling affects; Aug. p. 95. SURINAM Shrimp industry trends as of March 1962; May p. 70. SWEDEN Fillets, frozen fish, import fees reduced on products from EFTA countries; May p. 71. Herring: boning machine; Mar. p. 54. German Federal Republic, p. 48. International fisheries fair held at Goteborg; Apr. p. 61. landings in; Apr. SWEDEN (cont.) Trawl, floating, Dane on; Feb. p. 92. Trolling at different depths, fishing gear attachment for simultaneous; Sept. p. 104. refuses to issue patent to SWITZERLAND Tuna, canned, prices for Japanese product in b mid-Sept. 1962; Nov. p. 83. SWORDFISH Japanese exports; Jan. p. 53, Apr. p. 54, Sept. p. 83, Nov. p. 78. Long-line gear tested for ; Aug. p. 32. North Atlantic migrations; Feb. p. 41. TAGGING Clams, razor, Oregon studies; Sept. p. 37. Colors, bright, aid tag recovery; Feb. p. 41. Crab, dungeness, new method for ; May p. 25, Sept. p. 37. Fluke experiment off Middle Atlantic area; Nov. p. 34. Rockfish, California cruise in Monterey-San Simeon inshore waters; Jan. p. 15. Salmon: Canada of Pacific; Dec. p. 65. chinook off Washington; Sept. p. 49. fingerlings, new method of marking; Jan. p. 27. Sea trout, spotted, Florida studies of; May p. 18, July p. 18. Shark, Australian: school results; Dec. p. 63. tropical Pacific species, program on; July p. 36. Shrimp in Gulf of Mexico; Apr. p. 14, June pp. 20, 35, Aug. p. 26, Nov. p. 24, Dec. pp. 37, 39. Sole, dover and petrale, California studies; July p. 13. Tuna: albacore, Japanese recover American; July p. 76. bluefin: California RelDYeXer) ifoyy )0)5 North Atlantic Ocean crossed by ee Deeps 42, May p. 31. results in Australian waters; Dec. p. 62. swims 4,500 miles in 119 days; July p. 8. shark relationships in eastern Pacific under study; Dec. p. 50. TAHITI Tuna base at ; May p. 71, June p. 62, July p98: TAIWAN Africa- joint fishing operations; Feb. p. 93. Government's plans to develop fishing industry; July p. 99. Landings; Mar. p. 55, Sept. p. 104. Malagasy Republic: considering fishery agreement with p. 85. tuna fishery, aids in developing; Sept. p. 94. Purse seine night fishing successful at Suao; Mar. p. 55. Tuna: long-liners: Japanese to construct two; Jan. p. 62. loan for construction of; Mar. p. 55. ; July 47 TAIWAN Tuna: vessels: added to fleet; July p. 99. two large, built in Japan for ; May p. 71. TANGANYIKA Israel, take fishing course in; Aug. p. 65. Japanese firms, three, to jointly establish fish net plant in ; May p. 62. TARIFF(S) European Free Trade Association, cut in Council accelerates 10 percent; Feb. p. 57. GATT: effects of non- studied; Nov. p. 54. negotiations of 1960-61; June p. 1, July p. 110. Imports, statistical detail beyond that provided in new classification; Aug. p. 44. Trade agreement concessions effective July 1, 1962; July p. 109. measures on fishery trade TARIFF COMMISSION, U. S. Import schedules, frozen fish blocks and monofila- ment gill nets included in proposed changes in; Decmp.e90; TAXES Fishermen are independent contractors for tax purposes, court rules that; May p. 78. Unemployment and social security tax exemption, U. S. Supreme Court ruling affects; Aug. p. 95. TERRITORIAL WATERS (see also FISHING LIMITS) Bristol Bay approaches rules Alaska ; Dec. Pealit. Morocco's extended; Dec. p. 79. Tunisia's extension of DEC Np oD. TEXAS Fungus parasite that kills oysters to be studied; Oct. p. 29. LSA, 6" Commercial concentrations of herring sought off New England; Jan. p. 24. THAWING Electronic ; July p. 105. Microwave ; Mar. p. 17, May p. 19, Oct. p. 15. TILAPIA Hawaii, live bait for skipjack tuna, good results with as; Aug. p. 27. "TORDENSKJOLD" Exploratory fishing for bottom fish in Gulf of Alaska; Mebsps dit: "TOWVANE" New type underwater vehicle for fishery research; Oct. p. 47. TRADE GATT, Twentieth Session of Contracting Parties to; Dec. p. 56. 48 TRADE AGREEMENTS Concessions effective July 1, 1962; July p. 109. Exports to El Salvador confronted with higher duties; Aug. p. 95. TRADE EXPANSION ACT European Common Market, negotiations under of 1962 with; Dec. p. 12. U.S. fisheries and the ; Aug. p. 4. TRADE FAIRS Denmark's 4th International Fisheries p. 63, July p. 60. United Kingdom, London trade center and food fairs, information on exhibiting U.S. fishery products at; Mar. p. 57. U.S. food-processing industry invited to sell at European 3 July p. 50. ; Feb. TRANSPORTATION Air freight, fresh Pacific salmon shipped to New York City by; July p. 9. Ocean freight rates, selected, for certain fishery products; Oct. p. 43, Nov. p. 46. TRASH FISH (see UNDERUTILIZED FISH) TRAWL(S) Floating » Sweden refuses to issue patent to Dane on; Feb. p. 92. Instrumentation system tested; May p. 23. Midwater : gear tested; July p. 32. performance measurements of Mexico; June p. 19. tested in fishing for ocean perch; July p. 33. Otter: electric field-equipped vertical opening of in Gulf of studied; June p. 30. Scallop , new, for North Carolina; May p. 11. TRAWLERS Ceylon Department of Fisheries to purchase fish- ing ; Aug. ps 98. Greece: Atlantic fleet expanded; Nov. p. 67. freezer - landings, January-June 1962; Sept. p. 76. steel » new, being built; Aug. p. 63. Iceland _ tie-up; July p. 65, Sept. p. 77. Israel's first -freezer vessel exceeds ex- pectations; Apr. p. 50. Japan: Atlantic Ocean: company to send large mothership-type to operate; May p. 59, twelve reported in; May p. 59. stern: completed; Aug. p. 78. en route to Atlantic; May p. 59. launched; Nov. p. 79. two being built; Mar. p. 45. to; June p. 55, fleet, fishing firm hopes Polish freezer-type ; July p. 92. Stern: Norwegian: better than side jcApr., p99) built for offshore fishing; Aug. p. 85. net«testeds;Novap. 3. TRAWLERS Stern: Norwegian: Canadian firm assigned sole rights to build; Apr. p. 44. device to record position and opening of trawl net; Aug. p. 85. new; Dec. p. 81. purse seiner- » semiautomated, contract to design and build; May p. 32. ramp in Great Lakes; Apr. p. 33. USSR: Bering Sea, freezer- fishing in; July p. 101. factory- , automation for; Jan. p. 63. Viet-Nam, two new added to fishing fleet; peptijip swan. TRAWLING Atlantic Ocean, Japanese fisheries agency author- izes in Northwest area; Sept. p. 92. Crab, blue, Georgia fishery; Mar. p. 1. Gulf of Alaska, Russian methods considered outdated by Japan; Nov. p. 79. Helicopter for ocean » British suggest using; Sept. p. 109. Japan: Northwest Atlantic expected to start early in October 1962; Oct. p. 61. , Okhotsk Sea, survey to be made in; Aug. Peale operations off West Africa; Feb. p. 79. Lake Michigan outlook promising; Sept. p. 25. Midwater g experimental type tested in Gulf of Mexico; Feb. p. 25. gear tests; Nov. p. 36. New England: coast, progress report on studies carried out in 1961; Nov. p. 1. operations for 1962 start; Apr. p. 19. pelagic fish studied in Mississippi Delta area; June p. 19. salmon fingerlings, California continued for; Jan: p: 14,\Febs.p.i35 Apr). ipa 12; June p. 75 July p. 15, Aug. p. 16, Sept. p. 15, Oct. p. 10, Nov. p. 21, Dec. p. 22. Northwest Atlantic: Japan: firms plan inv Sept.p. Pak government studying in; Aug. p. 77. Shrimp, underwater observations of trawls in action; Jan. p. 20. Snapper exploraticns along the southeastern coast of the United States; Dec. p. 1. South Atlantic States, exploratory _ off; Feb. p. 39. South Carolina experimental cember 1961; Feb. p. 41. , October -De- TROPICAL ATLANTIC OCEANOGRAPHIC INVESTI- GATIONS Scheduled to begin in 1963; June p, 33. TROTLINE Chesapeake Bay hard crab fishery uses ; Sept. p. 5. TROUT Brook or rainbow, Danish Feb. p. 63. _association formed; TROUT (cont.) shipped to foreign countries; Apr. Great Lakes: distribution studies in western Lake Superior; June p. 17, Aug. p. 21, Sept. p. 26, Oct. p. 17, Nov. p. 25, Dec. p. 37. joint effort to bring back; Jan. p. 16. Michigan's Lake Superior waters closed to com- mercial fishing; June p. 28. planting of in Lake Michigan from ferry; Sept. p. 25. Japanese crossbreeding of salmon and 3; Mar. p. 08. Plane used to plant ; Aug. p. 124, Rainbow: Rarer es American-produced , shortage predicted of; June p. 36. Denmark: food for growers to be manufactured; Nov. p. 63. pond culture of; Sept. p. 70. Irish fish farms to produce p. 49. for export; June TRUCKS Exemption for fishery products, certain prepared fishery products included in; Aug. p. 93. Refrigerated van, new, with automatic defrost; May Deidre TUNA Albacore: California: forecasting and behavior programs of San Diego biological laboratory; Nov. p. 47. migration studies and tagging; Aug. p. 14. investigations off the coasts of Oregon and Wash- ington; Nov. p. 35. Japan: American-tagged recovers; July p. 76. Atlantic, new areas discovered in; Sept. p. 88. conditions early in June off; Aug. pp. 69, 70. North Pacific schools investigated by research vessel; Sept. p. 87. prospects for fishing; July p. 72. research; Aug. p. 68. summer: landings as of mid-May 1962; July p. 74. season starts; July p. 73. trends, fishery, May 1962; July p. 73. winter fishery under way; Feb. p. 73. Oregon studies in North Pacific; Sept. p. 36. prediction of catch by U. S. west coast fishermen south of International Border; June p. 36. American Samoa: cannery, second, negotiations for; Dec. p. 21. Japanese firm to start fishing operations in; Nov. p. 74. training program for Samoans to learn long line fishing; Dec. p. 21. Atlantic, Japanese fishery trends, first quarter, 1962; July p. 75. Australia: catch, 1961/62; Dec. p. 62. research to be expanded; Aug. p. 58. survey vessel uses plane to spot; Sept. p. 64. trends, fishery; Apr. p. 42, May p. 42, Sept. p. 64. Blackfin, Federal specification requirements, study made of canned to determine; Sept. p. 43. 49 TUNA Blood types of being studied for subpopulation identification; June p. 7. Bluefin: Atlantic Slope, Northwestern, concentration found during a long-line exploration of the; Feb. Dale Japan, record size sold for $1,000; May p. 56. North Atlantic migrations studied; Feb. p. 41. prediction of catch by U. S. fishermen in waters off California; June p. 36. swims 4,500 miles across North Atlantic ocean in 119 days; Feb. p. 42, May p. 8, July p. 8. tagging off California; Dec. p. 50. Bluefish, Australian and Indian type found to be iden- tical; May p. 57. California: ex-vessel prices increased; May p. 31. Japanese-U.S. venture proposed; Nov. p. 47. Canada: British Columbia freezing system research to aid in development of fishery; Aug. p. 58. Pacific, development of active fishery in; Feb. p.59. West coast vessels enter fishery off; Nov. p. 61. Canned: Australian imports; July p. 53. Belgium, prices for Japanese product, mid-Septem- ber 1962; Nov. p. 60. Congo Republic cannery increases pack in 1961; Apr. p. 45, Aug. p. 58. freight rates, ocean, selected, for; Oct. p. 43. Japan: exporters reject packers! proposal to raise prices; Feb. p. 71. exports: ‘regulations announced; Feb. p. 72. value in first half of 1962; Oct. p. 58. white meat prices, canners consider increase of; Sept. p. 82. freight rates for shipments to U. S. boosted 6 per- cent; Jan. p. 55. imports, lower U.S. tariff on; Junep. 49. industry trends, August 1962; Nov. p. 70. pack, 1960; Feb. p. 77. prices to West Germany; Nov. p. 67. seeks removal of U. S. import restrictions; Apr. p. 53, Nov. p. 70. specialty products; Feb. p. 72, Apr. p. 54, labels must say "light" or ''dark''; Nov. p. 86. Malayan firm hopes to export to U. S.; Feb. p. 86. Netherlands, wholesale prices for Japanese in mid-Sept. 1962; Oct. p. 63. pack in U. S. and territories at record high; Jan. p. 31, Dec. p. 50. Peru, control of sales to Europe proposed; Feb. p. 89. Portugal industry trends; July p. 93. Spain industry trends; July p. 97. standard of identity, Food and Drug Administration disallows objections to; Oct. p. 69. Switzerland prices for Japanese product, mid-Sept. 1962; Nov. p. 83. Canned in brine: imports under quota; Jan. p. 35, Feb. p. 45, Mar. p. 27, May pp. 35, 77, June p. 42, July p. 42, Aug. p. 43, Sept. p. 46, Oct. p. 34, Dec. p. 53. Japan: cannery reported packing _—; Dec. p. 78. companies pledge not to pack at overseas bases; Apr. p. 53, 50 TUNA (cont.) Canned in brine (cont.): Japan (cont.): exports; Feb. p. 72, Apr. p. 53, May p. 54, June p. 50, July p. 70, Sept. p. 82, Oct. p. 58, Nov. p. 70, Dec. p. 72. market survey in midwestern United States; July p. 71. Canned in oil: Japan: exports; Apr. p. 54, June p. 50, Dec. p. 73, market in Europe weakens; Dec. p. 74. Cannery, new, at Cambridge, Md.; Jan. p. 31. Cape Verde Islands fishing base for and other fish planned; Nov. p. 82. Ceylon, firm fishes for ; Dec. p. 66. Cook Islands, joint Japanese-New Zealand base for; Sept. p. 69. Cuba, Japan building five vessels for; Aug. p. 73. Dominica's fishing season; July p. 61. Ecuador:):\/ iia fishery at Manta; Sept. p. 73. purse seiners off coast, proposed decree would restrict fishing by; July p. 61. seizes Japanese vessel; Oct. p. 53. El Salvador resources; Sept. p. 75. Fiji Islands base proposed; Jan. p. 48, Feb. p. 64, June p. 48, July pp. 61, 62, Sept. p. 75, Dec. p. 69. France, industry trends; July pp. 62, 63. Frozen: France, imports authorized; July p. 62. Italy: exported directly from Japan; Sept. p. 81. imports; Feb. p. 70, June p. 49, July p. 68, Sept. p. 81. Japan: Atlantic area warehouse; Feb. p. 76. Atlantic Ocean export prices; Feb. p. 71, Aug. Dsl Oct-apeioo. costs for exporting exports to: Czechoslovakia; June p. 50. France; Oct. p. 54. Italy; Dec. p. 72. United States; Jan. p. 53, Mar. p. 42, Apr. pp. 51, 52, May pp. 53, 55, Aug. pp. 66, 67, Sept. p. 83, Oct. pp. 57, 58, Nov. p. 71, Dec. pp. ee (35 freight rate to U. S.; Jan. p. 55, Feb. p. 71, May Pes. Italian packers movement supporters seeking increase in import quotas; Aug. p. 65. prices reported firm; July p. 74. South Africa, fishing firms hope to import tuna- like fish from; Jan. p. 54, transshipment bases, Fisheries Agency desig- nates Penang and Singapore as; May p. 57, June Ps ob. Malaya: exports, Japanese-Malayan base concentrating on; Sept. p. 96. transshipments from Penang base; July p. 85. Spain exports to Italy; July p. 97. transshipments to U. S, from Penang and Sing- apore; Sept. p. 96. yellowfin imported from Japan, rejections by U. S. packers increase for; Aug. p. 66. Ghana, vessels, Japanese, dispatched to; July p. 64. "Green meat", Japanese studies on discovering it aboard the vessel; Feb. p. 76. to Europe; Oct. p. 59. TUNA Indonesia, Japanese government approves base in; Aug. p. 72. Italian-United States venture to can and market ; Aug. p. 65. Ivory Coast: freezing and storage plant ready for operation; May p. 52. Japanese-Italian joint p. 42, May p. 52. Jamaica landings in November-December 1961; July Pp. 69). Japan: adjustments proposed in export quotas to Europe and Africa; July p. 74. agency considering plans to authorize displaced salmon vessels to fish for ; July p. 79. Albacore and skipjack fishing conditions, June 1962; Aug. p. 69. American Samoan base, a fishing firm plans fish- ing from; July p. 77. Argentine- fishing venture planned; Dec. p. 61. Atlantic fishery trends, July-August 1962; Oct. Da09s Atlantic Ocean fishing conditions in; Feb. p. 75, Apr. p. 52, July p. 75, Aug. p. 71, Sept. p. 87, Dec. p. 74. bases overseas trying to acquire more vessels; Oct. p. 60. cannery, new, to pack SAU Dente catch quota for South Pacific fishing bases may be established; Aug. p. 70. Ceylon, exploring for new resources off; Jan. p. 55. company to be established by cooperative; Sept. p. 89. exporters seek 100 percent letter of credit; Feb. p. (ae exports of specialty packs; Mar. p. 43, Apr. p. 54. ex-vessel prices; Apr. p. 52, May p. 55, Sept. p. 84, Oct. p. 59. Fiji Islands for; May p. 58. fish-finder developed; Oct. p. 60. fleet; May p. 58. Ghana, fishing company to base four vessels in; Aug. p. 62. Home Islands, fishing conditions off, early July 1962; Sept. p. 85. Indian Ocean, mothership operation in; Dec. p. 75. Indonesia base, negotiations continue to establish; July p. 68. industry: lobby in U. S., proposed; Jan, p. 53. trends; Nov. p. 75. joint venture with Portuguese proposed; Oct. p. 65. landings; Jan. p. 55, June p. 54, July p. 72, Aug. p. 72, Nov. p. 73. licensing policy, new, Fisheries Agency to announce; Aug. p. 72. long-liner fleet trends; Oct. p. 61. making seines for Ghana; Apr. p. 48. mothership(s): companies to request liberalization of fishery restrictions; Mar, p. 43. fleets scheduled to depart for fishing grounds; July p. 75. quotas increased; Sept. p. 86. regulations for portable-vessel-carrying; July p. 76, Sept. p. 88, Dec. p. 75. base planned; Mar. base, fishing cooperative formed TUNA (cont.) Japan (cont.): Okinawa, imported from; June p. 54. Pacific Ocean fishing; Jan. p, 54, Feb. p. 74, May p. 55, July p. 76, Sept. p. 87, Nov. p. 73, Dec. p. 74. Patent, U.S. packer files for; Aug. p. 67. Philippines - enterprise to be formed; July p. 91. prices to catcher vessels in mothership fishery; Mar. p. 43. problems, special committee formed to study; Oct. p. 60. production and marketing studies undertaken by Fishery Agency; Jan. p. 52. regulations on landing and transfer of re- laxed by government; Nov. p. 72. research: program expansion; May p. 54, Aug. p. 68. vessel to explore Indian Ocean resources; Mar. p. 44. resource problems, group to study; Aug. p. 68. skipjack fishery trends, June 1962; Aug. p. 70. South Pacific: mothership departs for; July p. 75. operations; Feb. p. 74. Taiwan, two large vessels built for; May p. 71. Tokyo ex-vessel prices; Sept. p. 84, Dec. p. 74. transshipment bases, Penang and Singapore pro- posed as; Mar. p. 44. U. S. market surveyed by Japanese Fishery Agency; Feb. p. 70. vessel(s): based in Ecuador to fish SOctaps oo fisheries agency's views on use of small; July p. 78 Ivory Coast registry to be placed under; July p. 69. loans proposed for construction of; July p. 77. national cooperative schedules meeting to study use of its; Sept. p. 89. revision of regulations planned; Oct. p. 60. size classification to be eliminated; July p. 76. survey shows large being constructed; Jan. p. 56. ten to be built by company; Aug. p. 72. tests power block; Sept. p. 89, Nov. p. 74. tonnage increase; July p. 78, Sept. p. 88. Korean vessels: built in Japan; Sept. p. 93. firm obtains loan to build; July p. 84. purchased from U. S.; Sept. p. 93. Madagascar canning developments; Jan. p. 58. Malagasy Republic: exploratory fishing for ; Feb. p. 84. Japanese and Chinese aid in developing fishery; Sept. p. 94. Malaya: canning operation at Penang; Mar. p. 47. ex-vessel prices at Penang; July p. 86, Aug.p. 80. Japanese fishermen urged to bring catches to Penang; Sept. p. 97. Morocco plans development of p. 62. New Caledonia, Japanese-French base in; Aug. p. 82, Sept. p. 97. New Zealand: firm hopes to can ; Feb. p. 87. industry planned; Jan, p. 59. North Atlantic migrations studied; Feb. p. 41. fishing; Oct. 51 TUNA Norway: catch in 1962 expected to be less than in 1961; Oct. p. 64, fish finder has limited use in fishery; Mar. p. 51. industry; Feb. p. 88. landings as of September 9, 1962; Dec. p. 80. Pacific Ocean: distribution of 3; Heb. p. 75. landings for 1960 estimated at 530,000 metric tons; May p. 55. Prices, ex-vessel, in California increased; May p. 31. Puerto Rico, new cannery being built in; Aug. p. 40. Recipe for salad main dish at picnics; July p. 106. Ryukyu Islands fishing trends for Dec. p. 84. Schools observed in Western Caribbean; Aug. p. 25. , fall 1962; Senegal program reoriented; Apr. p. 60. Serological studies of South Pacific ; Dec. p. 30. Seychelles, industry under study in; Aug. p. 88. Shark- relationships in eastern Pacific under study; Dec. p. 50. Size and sex distribution of p. 15. Skipjack: Hawaii: landings; Jan. p. 21, Feb. p. 30, Mar. p. 19, June p. 22. migration from eastern Pacific; Aug. p. 39. monofilament gill nets tested in fishery; Heb palit subpopulation identification studies; Oct. p. 12. Japan: conditions off; July p. 72, Aug. pp. 69, 70. being studied; May district, one, to expand fishery for ; Nov. pets). ex-vessel prices make canning unprofitable; Sept. p. 82. Indian Ocean survey reveals fish are small; May p. o7. trends, May 1962; July p. 73. U.S., packers can for; Sept. p. 82. Yaizu landings; Sept. p. 85. sensory systems being studied; May p. 16. tilapia as live bait for , good results with; Aug. p. 27. South Africa Republic: company established; Apr. p. 60. development possibilities; Sept. p. 101. purse-seining experiment, Fisheries Development Corporation sponsoring; May p. 69. trends; Sept. p. 101. South Pacific: vessel studies p. 16, Dec. p. 28. in; Feb. p. 16, June p. 8, Sept. young collected from predators' stomachs; Aug. p. 17. Spain: albacore fishing; Sept. p. 103. Bilbao fisheries trends, third quarter 1962; Dec. p. 84. canning in oil, packers switch to: Oct. p. 67. fishing industry for ; Mar. p. 54. trends, first quarter 1962; Aug. p. 88. Tahiti base; May p. 71, June p. 62, July p. 98. Taiwan: Japanese to construct two Jan. p. 62. long-liners for; 52 TUNA (cont.) Taiwan (cont.): loan for construction of long-liners; Mar. p. 55. vessels added to fleet; July p. 99. USSR: builds first long-line vessel; Oct. p. 67. exploratory fishing survey in Indian Ocean ended; June p. 63. interested in purchase of fishing fleet; Aug. p. 77. large vessel for fishing being built; May pane f United States: Interior Department officials participate in conference in Tokyo; Nov. p. 54. landings to November 10, 1962; Dec. p. 50. Venezuela, Japanese fishing firm not able to rotate technicians; Nov. p. 83. World meeting in California; May p. 41, Aug. pp. 49, 50, 51, Oct. p. 39. Yellowfin: Japan: catch data, Fisheries Agency requests vessels to submit; Sept. p. 86. frozen: claims mount against exports to U.S.; Nov. p. 71. export quotas; Apr. p. 51, Dec. p. 71. ex-vessel price drops; Oct. p. 59. South Pacific mothership fleet catching mostly; Aug. p. 70. Pacific: conservation legislation endorsed by Interior Department; June p. 67, Nov. p. 87. Japanese press comments on United States proposal to regulate; June p. 51. landings from; Jan. p. 31. TUNISIA Territorial waters extended; Dec. p. 85. Yugoslav-built fishing vessels delivered to 5 Oct. p. 67. TURTLES Caribbean, United States Navy plants green in; July p. 40. Pacific Science Congress resolution on marine ; Mar. p. 31. Ponds, commercial, for in Japan; Jan. p. 58. UNDERUTILIZED SPECIES Canada developing new products from fresh-water ; Sept. p. 65. UNDERWATER RESEARCH Vessel, new, for ; Apr. p. 28, Oct. p. 47. UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC Japanese canned saury, Nov. p. 83. Te Status of fisheries; July p. 105. authorizes import of; USSR Alaska, Gulf of: activities in; Oct. p. 68. fishing in; Sept. pp. 12, 105. trawlers observed in; Sept. p. 11. trawl fishing methods by considered out- dated by Japan; Nov. p. 79. Baltic fishing port, new; Aug. p. 89. USSR Bering Sea: activities in the; May p. 72, June p. 62, July p.101. catch, 1960-61; Apr. p. 63. exploration in; Dec. p. 85. Canned fish: Britain's import quotas from pack in Far East; July p. 104. production increasing; June p. 64. Catch, fishery; Feb. p. 94, Mar. p. 55, May p. 73. Crab, king: factoryship operations in Far East; July p. 102. North Pacific production quota for 1962, Japanese and reach agreement on; July p. 47. Crayfish, fresh-water, Britain imports from ; Aug. p. 90. Cuba: port to be built by in; Nov. p. 62. technicians in; Nov. p. 63. Danish fishing vessels apprehended by 12-mile limit; May p. 73. Exploratory fishing off south Atlantic coast; Oct. p. 68. Exports of fishery products to U.S.; Sept. p. 46. Factoryship: Far East fishing fleet; May p. 72. joins Pacific fishing fleet; Apr. p. 64. whaling and fishing, new type; Feb. p. 93. Far East, fisheries developments in; July p. 102. Fish production for human consumption; July p. 102. Fleet expansion and 1961 catches; Dec. p. 85. Food and Agriculture Organization sponsored seminar and study tour on fishing methods and gear, Asia and Africa participate in; Nov. p. 56. Freezing vessel for built in Denmark; Sept. Deel Frozen fish: Iceland, purchase more from; June p. 63. production, progress in; Feb. p. 93. Georges Bank, fishing activity on; Jan. p. 62, May p. 72, June p. 63, July p. 99, Sept. p. 105. Ghana: landing fish in; Dec. p. 70. vessels delivered by p. 70. Herring: fleet increased; Apr. p. 63. Iceland's record sale to ; Aug. p. 63. Japan buys from ; Aug. p. 78. North Atlantic, fishing in; July p. 99. Pacific, migrations, research on; July p. 101. Iceland: research vessels in; Sept. p. 79. trade with slOctsip-1b\1 eDeesppaiOs visit of vessel to; Oct. p. 57. Indian Ocean Oceanographic research; Aug, p. 89. Indonesia, technicians plan construction of oceanographic school in; Sept. p. 80. Industry urged to produce more; Aug. p. 89. Japanese fishery: proposals, reaction to; Aug. p. 77. talks, top official sent to to attempt to break deadlock; July p. 46. Kelp: Kurile Islands, harvest; Aug. p. 77. utilization, Japanese Minister and Premier Khrushchev discuss; July p. 84. Landings of fish and shellfish increased in 1960; Feb. p. 94, ; May p. 74. within to;) Oct. p.55; Dec. not to permit Japanese to USSR (cont.) Mackerel, lights used to fish for; May p. 72. Motherships for fish freezing, four, to be built in Denmark; July p. 104. Murmansk is principal fishing port and processing center; June p. 63. Northwest Atlantic fisheries, 1956-60; Feb. p. 95. Northwest Pacific Fisheries Commission meeting; Jan. p. 43, Mar. p. 32, May p. 42. Norway- 8 agreement ratified; Aug. p. 83. negotiations on fishing rights; Jan. p. 60, Apr. p. 64. Nova Scotia, fishing south of; Aug. p. 89. Oceanographic: activities in northern European Seas, 1962; July p. 104. research; Apr. p. 64, June p. 63. Ocean perch fishing in the Bering Sea; Apr. p. 62. Preservation of fish, studies on, 1961; Aug. p. 90. Research-factoryship vessel, designs; Oct. p. 67. Salmon: breed developed, new; Jan. p. 63. catch; Feb. p. 50, Apr. p. 64, Aug. p. 52. culture successful; Feb. p. 94. Japanese and negotiations on areas and catch quotas; July p. 47. study; July p. 101. Saury fishery in Far East being expanded; July p. 104. South-West Africa, off; July p. 100. Talks, cooperation between Germany; Aug. p. 89. Territorial fishing rights, Norway and con- clude negotiations on; May p. 40. Trawl, two-boat, used in North Atlantic; Dec. p. 85. Trawler(s): factory: automation for; Jan. p. 63. return to Georges Bank; Apr. p. 64. freezer, new, fishing in Bering Sea; July p. 101. stern, returns from West Africa; Dec. p. 85. Tuna, exploratory fishing survey in Indian Ocean ended; June p. 63. Vessel(s): Atlantic fisheries, new for; July p. 101. Far East fisheries; June p. 64. freezer: Denmark builds second for ; Aug. p. 59. Germany builds new for 3; Feb. p. 93. large, for fishing, emphasis is on; Jan. p. 62, May p. 72. tuna long-line, Vietnamese- July p. 104. Whaling: Antarctic fleet increasing; May p. 73, July p. 104. mothership, new type launched; Feb. p. 93. vessels near Kodiak, Alaska; Dec. p. 17. fishing in south Atlantic ,» Poland, and East builds first; Oct. p. 67. cooperation in fishery research; UNITED KINGDOM Aid for fishing industry; Feb. p. 96. Arctic char imported; Sept. p. 65. Camera, underwater remote control, developed to study fish behavior; Mar. p. 56. Canned fish, 1962 import quotas; May p. 74. Crayfish, fresh-water, imported from Russia; Aug. Dp. 90. 53 UNITED KINGDOM Electronic thawing of frozen fish; July p. 105. Export combine formed by ten leading fish proces- sors; Mar. p. 56. Faroe Islands fishing limits, with Danes; July p. 61. Fishermen need new fishing grounds; Sept. p. 108. Government aid for fishing industry; Sept. p. 106. Helicopter for ocean trawling, suggest using; Sept. p. 109. Humber laboratory fishery studies; Dec. p. 85. Landings, 1961; Sept. p. 105. Limit zone of 12 miles may be adopted; July p. 105. Loans, fishery, interest rates revised; Jan. p, 64, Mar. p. 58, June p. 64, Sept. p. 109, Nov. p. 83. Marketing and distribution trends; Sept. p. 107. Purse-seines, Ghanaian fishermen trained to use; Dec. p. 70. Report of fisheries study group; Jan. p. 63. Research in fishing industry; Sept. p. 107. Salmon: canned imports lower in 1961; Aug. p. 90. Pacific, Scottish waters yield a pink; June p. 6. Scandinavian and fisheries associations meet; Dec. p. 57. Subsidies for white fish and herring industries; Sept. p. 109. Trade center (London) and food fairs, information on exhibiting U.S. fishery products at; Mar. p. 57. Trends, 1961; Sept. p. 105. Trucks, refrigerated van, new, with automatic de- frost; May p. 73. Tuna, Fijian Government to approve base; Aug. p. 61. White Fish Authority report, fiscal year ending March 31, 1962; Sept. p. 105. ready to discuss UNITED STATES Agency for International Development: foreign investment surveys, assistance to business for; Apr. p. 67. private enterprise overseas, new guaranties for; Jan. p. 65. Alaska fur sealskin processing contract, five firms seek government; Dec. p. 33. Fisheries of the , 1961; Aug. outside back cover. Imports, airborne fishery products; Oct. p. 34, Nov. p. 50. Industry, strives to rehabilitate its; Dec. p. 88. Landings of commercial fishery products; Mar. p. 22, Sept. p. 43, Dec. p. 50. North Pacific Fisheries Convention, Japanese Social- ist party opposes extension of Tripartite; Sept. p. 92. Oysters, freshor frozen, -Japan agree on sani- tation standards for; Dec. p. 77. Trends in 1961; June p. 37. Tuna meeting, more Japanese views on; Nov. p. 79. Vessel to fish spiny lobsters off coast of Aden; Sept. p. 62. UNLOADING Canadian new method for salmon from vessel to reduce handling; Feb. p. 60. VENEZUELA Sardines, canned, estimated pack for 1962; Aug. p. 90. Tuna, Japanese fishing firm not able to rotate tech- nicians in ; Nov. p. 83. 54 "VENUS" First fishing vessel constructed with aid of govern- ment subsidy; Nov. p. 48. VESSEL CONSTRUCTION DIFFERENTIAL SUBSIDY Interior members appointed to committee; Aug. p. 91. Loan fund and other financial aid; Jan. 1-Mar. 31, 1962; May p. 32. "Venus" first constructed under U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries program; Nov. p. 48. VESSEL(S) "Albatross IV", new research , launched for Fish and Wildlife Service; July p. 42. Atomic-propelled marine research ; Mar. p. 35, May p. 42, June p. 46. Australian survey uses plane to spot tuna; Sept. p. 64. Brazilian freezer - being built in Mexico; May p. 64, Canada: research » new; Feb. p. 62, Dec. p. 64. subsidy for construction, Government drops re- placement provision on; Nov. p. 62. Coast Guard files should be kept up-to-date, certain data in; May p. 77. Colombian: licenses for United States commercial fs eee licensing procedure; Apr. p. 45. Construction subsidy approved, first U.S. ; May p. 31. Denmark: cutters: steel, seaworthiness under study; Sept. p. 71. U.S. firm seeks for Philippines; Aug. p. 86. freezer built for USSR; Aug. p. 59, Sept. p. Cale Freezerships in Bristol Bay subject to Alaska license tax, Court rules; Nov. p. 17. French research visits Woods Hole, Mass.; Sept. p. 47. Great Lakes research base in Lake Michigan for U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries; Feb. p. 21. Hydrofoil ship, first oceangoing; Apr. outside back cover. Italy to build large number of Korea; Aug. p. 79, Ivory Coast, first fishing Japan: additional tuna tonnage; Sept. p. 88. construction subsidy program, changes recom- mended in; May p. 61. tuna » proposed loans for construction of; July p. 77. Korea, Republic of: contracts for loan of $120 million to build; Oct. p. 62. tuna p. 84. Loan fund and other financial aid for p. 32, Aug. p. 40, Nov. p. 48. Loans, disaster, approval urged by Interior De- partment; June p. 66, Nigeria builds research North Pacific research ; July for South built; Aug. p. 66. , Six, firm obtains loan to build; July ; May ; June p. 59, operations; Jan. p. 13. VESSEL(S) Norway: stern trawler, new; Dec. p. 81. wooden fishing , costs for building; May p. 67. Oyster suction dredge; Oct. p. 103. Patrol , full-time, for Georges Bank planned by Coast Guard; Nov. p. 92. Rubber "porpoise skin" to speed up ; Apr. p. 65. Stern trawler-purse seiner, semiautomated, contract to design and build; May p. 32. Trawler, Polish, steel, on display at Swedish inter- national fisheries fair; Apr. p. 62. Tuna: Japan: building five company to build ten Okinawa fishermen, Korea, South, firm to purchase Sept. p. 93. United States: documentations issued and cancelled; Jan. p. 33, Feb. p. 46, Mar. p. 25, Apr. p. 28, May p. 33, June p. 41, July p. 42, Aug. p. 40, Sept. pp. 45, 46, Oct. p. 33, Dec. p. 53. lobster fishing off coast of Aden; Sept. p. 62. USSR: Atlantic fisheries, new for; July p. 101. designs combination factoryship; Oct. p. 67. . Far East fisheries, new for; June p,. 64. freezer fishing » new; Feb. p. 93. for Cuba; Aug. p. 73. ; Aug. p. 72. used by; Dec. p. 84. from U.S.; VETERANS ADMINISTRATION Canned fish requirements from new packs; Mar. Peli. VIETNAM Soviet- p. 104, Trawlers, two new, added to fishing fleet; Sept. p.111. cooperation in fishery research; July VIRGINIA Crabs, blue, fishery, scientists forecast decline in; Mar. p. 28. Croaker populations in Chesapeake Bay system, outlook promising for; Sept. p. 48. Fish meal plant, new, proposed for Cape Charles; Sept. p. 20. Flounder migration studies, Chesapeake Bay; June p. 42. Industrial hot water discharges, study of effects on marine environment; July p. 43. Landings, fishery, 1961; June p. 43. Oysters, James River, poor crop predicted after setting failure of seed; Nov. p. 41. Radioactive wastes, marine scientists continue studies of; May p. 36, June p, 42. Storm damages coastal areas; July p. 37. Study of effects of man-made wastes on marine animals; Nov. p. 51. VITAMINS Water-soluble » rat-feeding studies to deter- mine presence of in raw menhaden as com- pared with raw haddock and beef; May p. 6. WAGES Minimum ; Bulletin issued on; Mar. p. 62. WAGES (cont.) Minimum (cont.): special for learners in fishery plants may be possible; Aug. p. 94. WASHINGTON Albacore tuna investigations off coast; Nov. p. 35. Area Redevelopment Administration approves industrial loans for: fishery firm; Dec. p. 87. oyster firm; Nov. p. 85. Salmon: chinook tagged off ; Sept. p. 49. Columbia River test fishing; June p. 10. farm, another goes into production; July p. 43. planted in Klickitat River; Sept. p. 49. spawning channel at McNary Dam on the Columbia River; Sept. p. 49. WATER POLLUTION (see POLLUTION) WATER QUALITY Upper Ohio River Basin, for the; Dec. p. 48. management plan WEST AFRICA Japan: investment possibilities studied in p. 45, Apr. p. 55. trawlers operation off; Feb. p. 79, Apr. p. 55, Aug. p. 78, Oct. p. 61, Dec. p. 77. Soviet stern trawler returns from 5 Dec. p. 85. ; Mar. "WEST POINT" Tuna forecasting and behavior programs by chart- ered seiner ; Nov. p. 47. WHALE OIL Australian production down in 1962; Oct. p. 47. Exports, U.S.; Apr. p. 16, June p. 25, July p.. 24. Norway: prices lower in 1962; Aug. p. 85. production down for 1962; Aug. p. 85. sales of 1961/62 season's ; May p. 42, Aug. p. 85. Prices decline; Sept. p. 59. Sperm: imports, U.S.; Apr. p. 16, June p. 25, July p. 24. uses, some, for 5 Mar. p., LIL eNov. pe oG. World production, estimated, in 1962; Mar. p. 34. WHALING Antarctic: catch and production of products; Sept. p. 60. distribution of catch, no agreement on; Jan. p. 44. Netherlands expedition, final results of; July p. 87. Norway: expeditions off grounds; Jan. p. 44, Apr. p. 58. first quarter 1962; Aug. p. 83. quota for 1961/62 season; Aug. p. 85. season, 1962/63, only four fleets to participate in; Sept. p. 98. trends for 1962 season; Apr. p. 58. British Columbia industry to resume in April 1962; Jan. p. 46. Canadian-Japanese joint enterprise to operate on Canada's west coast; Apr. p. 42. Humpback whales, tagging results in Australian waters; Dec. p. 63. 55 WHALING Iceland: season opens; Aug. p. 64. trends; Sept. p. 79, Dec. p. 71. International Commission, annual meeting, fourteenth; Aug. p. 54, Sept. p. 59. Japanese fishing company to establish crab fishing base in Argentina; Apr. p. 54. Norway: ex-whalers have shore jobs, nearly all; Dec. p. 81. withdraws from convention; Feb. p. 88. South Africa Republic production of products down in 1961; May p. 70. U.S. production of whales and products; Jan. p. 39. USSR: Antarctic: fleet increasing; May p. 73. number of men increased for in; July p. 104. factoryship, new type, for and fishing; Feb. p. 93. mothership, new, launched; Feb. p. 93. and WHITEFISH Lake Superior, Apostle Islands area, spawning popu- lations assessed; Feb. p. 24, Mar. p. 18. United Kingdom industry subsidies; Sept. p. 109. WHITE HOUSE Conference on conservation, program for; June p. 69. Ocean resources mentioned by President Kennedy in address to Conference on Conservation; July p. 16. "WHITING" New Coast & Geodetic Survey vessel; Nov. p. 36. WHITING Results of study on improving quality; Aug. p. 44. "WILLIAMSBURG" Indian Ocean expedition, biological research ship for; Sept. p. 34. Renamed ''Anton Bruun" and converted to a research vessel; Sept. p. 36. WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION Aluminum submarine for oceanic research; Feb. p. 33. "Atlantis II'', new research vessel for completion; Nov. p. 37. Tuna migrations studied in North Atlantic; Feb. p. 41. "Williamsburg", biological research ship for Indian Ocean oceanographic expedition; Sept. p. 34. near WORKER CERTIFICATES Expiration date extended on handicapped issued to shellfish industry; Dec. p. 89. WORLD TRADE Fish meal production; Sept. p. 59, Oct. p. 42, Nov. p. 60. Fish oil exports established new record in 1961; Aug. p. 52. Industries, aspects of Da iis Japan plans study of ps8. of interest to the; Aug. fishery trends; Aug. 56 "Y AQUINA" Alaska: crab, king: stocks located near Kodiak; Nov. p. 17. YELLOW PERCH Lake Erie landings, commercial, of increased in September 1962; Dec. p. 36. trawler chartered for explorations; Sept. p. 15. YUGOSLAVIA exploratory bottom fishing in southeastern; Dec. Canned fish pack up in 1961; Sept. p. 111. p. 18. Vessels, fishing, built in delivered to Tunisia; stocks of shrimp located near Prince William Oct. p. 67. Sound; Dec. p. 18. \ ———— SKEWERED SCALLOPS pound scallops, fresh or frozen pint cherry tomatoes large green peppers cup lemon juice WIRED Re Makes approximately 40 hors d'oeuvres. Thaw frozen scallops, Rinse with cold water to remove any shell particles. Cut large scallopsinhalf. Wash tomatoes and green peppers. Cut green peppers into l-inch squares. Alternate scallops, tomatoes, and green pepper on 40 skewers or round toothpicks approxi- mately 3 incheslong. Place kabobs on a well-greased broiler pan. Combine remaining in- gredients. Brush kabobs with sauce. Broil about 4 inches from source of heat for 5 to 7 minutes. Turn carefully and brush with sauce. Broil 5 to 7 minutes longer, basting once. This idea for entertaining is froma 22-page, full-color booklet, 'Nautical Notions for Nibbling," released by the United States Department of the Interior's BCF. Itis available for 45¢ from the Superintendent of Documents, U. 8. Government Printing Office, 3 tablespoons honey 3 tablespoons prepared mustard 2 tablespoons melted fat or oil 1} teaspoons curry powder Washington, D. C, 20402. Ask for Market Development Series No. 10, (catalog no. I-49.49/2:10). * U, S, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1969 341-148/12 Issued June 1969 As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Depart- ment of the Interior has basic responsibilities for water, fish, wildlife, mineral, land, park, and recreational re- sources, Indian and Territorial affairs are other major 1 concerns of America's "Department of Natural Resources, The Department works to assure the wisest choice in managing all our resources so each will make its full contribution to a better United States -- now and in the future. | U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES nani ke Shrimp Life Cycle iW & a a Re come a W\ ak Postlarva BON ‘i De. ae se Hf Gi zz = “a “ESTUARY 967 OC | 87/13/95 198115 1 E 1 Ge x ‘ \ Perth Op NB Lae) Ws C4 > i —— */. . YINOSWY SS Neat RARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI_ NVINOSHLINS Nose = S = 9 NS = SZ 3 inoseys7 og a 2a ALILSNI SJIYVYUdIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLIWS S as z a z & z rc zi o 2 ow = mee] = wo oO] 2 = ee) 5. a 5 20 - Dds = > re + > | Pa = i Zz = = iE * 2 = 2 = rs = r 2 ra Z ma a n % = — = wo 5 = PARI ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOT ITSNIT wot lyvug roti BRARI ES SMITHSONIAN | we e = = XS ‘ = : < = i < x Sx eo 2 cS Xs 5 2 NG 5 z = = Ws 5 > ue Se (eo) SSS x= (2) slate Oo s Ke IRS =e O | aE ZNK 2 2 B 2 3 a NY 2 lax R 2 i= 2 iE MS 2 = » 2B a . 2 a rs a » & 2 NLILSNI_NVINOSHLIWS Sa pyvyugiy_ LIBRARI ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI_NVINOSHLIWS s RG # z : 3 Se 2 a AX. NO fond a a. =] {oe st NS acd = WSS = a < | a < =i ~ < S YX oc = a = a S co 5 _ 2 3 aa 3 e sae S x 5 2 i ip 2 =) 2 Noy RARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS SS!1NYVYUEIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN _I S » = 5 Bier S c z eS oS : = : =— My wo — wo » — ow — Yip wo t Uy >» E = We 5 5 § $Y > = Bp p> fe Sey NG iS Ve > i= ee ra MV nay = a IW = ee) — bi YG =a MS Zs _ _— RS \S on — = POE Ain) 7° = 2 m z m wg m 2 ma cs = = 7) = | NLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3JIYVYEIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S wie Z set ag a ey OU a | hy = _ = , = = = = — Wit y = ai Zz =| 2 = Seg li= 2 awe 2 z 2 = zy : ay > >" > a 2 a 2 a 2 a 3 Ww uu LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN — es g z a é "fy, 3 z _ z z : s = Yy* | = 2s ee a E ai Fe = a = B = 3 = 5 o _ 2 o z o z Mm z 2ARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS SSIYVYEIT_LIBRARIES i ue ee z g 2 ge z \S =! 2 NG 5 = S ef fy AS = Z \ z = 2 E Zz tity Ee \ z = Sys = > Gi = > = es Ss 2 no z n Fa 7) z n ANLILSNI NVINOSHLIWS SalyuvUuaiy LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLIWS § z < ” = 2 2 We S @ @ RNS Ww a yeaa Ww & Ww Wen YE or ge j _ — 2 SRS = < 2G 3 < : < S WS (ad ac as, a o SA 5 = s “ig 3 co = co oO = fe} = Ws fe) = fo) = Zz Sey = = Zz es) 2 SS a RARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3I)¥VYUdIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN _1 = - i S Bes Ss Ue S 1s Js = YY, oO = wo = wo = Y wo — OY * : 2 Ne 5 3 E Gy = Ss ty Li > > SQ > ra Ge ff. > a Za & = ONS WS ied = Ue Vis ray Vi. Tithe ATS y a = ty, a ne BE = a = SNS eS pas ye ee: = z o z Gian eee wie Oo z a INLILSNI NVINOSHLINS SAZIYVUSEIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S rss 9 S71) i) Rees ay) ates) SN) lee tess La a SS = a) 2 al PA | 1 LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYd!IT LIBRARIES SMITHSO = 5 ~ 6 = So = 5 o = Mee) = o = o = = i = KE if > eR 3 > ay 2 LG, 2 Fy 2 E > E > RL 2 eS - 5 2 5 2 5 a aie @ z a Vie a Zale 1 NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS SSIYVuYdIT_LIBRARIES. SMITHSONIAN NOILNLILSN! NVINOSH ,) z (2) ra eee wn = w Zz = << = < VAs = < = << = z = z AS =| z =| z 35 ) ans (e) Whe SRY x Os x () g 2 Bi 2X 8 & : aah = z E » 2 2 E 2 a ra a . 2 a . 2 ; a Vk LIBRARI ES SMITHSONIAN _ INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI_NVINOSHLINS | S3 buvudiy LIBRARI ES SMITHSO = i} = Ww 2 Sw a Ww = z ts fy “S a 4 QE 3 4 ze. Oy ay We“ a < Sj ans a VZ ey € < YY c c 9 Cc LYE LG = a GY. bar} cc S ce Ss Pre Ze y — a “iy = ao —_ “ [eo] = co GJ re) a Hi fo) = re) = fe) = Ge =a J 4 J 2 Ned 2 - NL NOIMLNLILSNI_NVINOSHLINS ~S3 luvya tl BRARI ESI SMITHSONIAN MINSTUCO TION > NOILALILSNI_NWINOSH (se) eee > (@) = fo) ye? — Oo 23 o = re) = w = ow = oles E 2 5 2 5 ne 5 2 \y = > wi > = > = SN NS b - b = Be Z B =X z Oe D zZ a z a ners 1_LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS SS(YVUSIT_LIBRARIES SMITHSC AT 27) ee n z n ; Zoey n Soult = < = < = iy eae = Zz a z oi z =| ty = X a 3 is a 3 5 YH % NNi 25 fe) oe ae) x fe) Gp Zo 3S fe) = Zz = Zz = sat ie Ie YS = = ~S > = >" = > = aN > n 2 7) z 7) 2 77) ES 2 V NOILALILSNI_ NVINOSHLINS LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION | NOILMLILSNI_NVINOSE w ao uw z tu py, 2 ER w aes = = ce sl c = \ < Fa] : . & bn | a 5 °) a 5. ¢% > aie > = on D> 3S vZ ‘ff ps] rae es] ra a = a = “Gg m @ rm B = ba = 2 Vip ro) = n & 7) eS i) = N NOILALILSNI S3SIYVYS!IT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NWINOSI a) Zz n z wre n z se n z z < = f= eo iS < = ix fr z a os NS = z = ae AZ Ly (o) x=. (2) Q&e & ae ro) z= 44 5 n 72) nw TD “RXSRS, *: uw o Oo tee o fe) 3 O % = fe) See O Hy Ys Be 2 E z a z E z | ly *= 5 ale z ae Fs eee gee CESAR TES) SMITHSONIANIAINSTITUTION (NOlgtits | NWINOSHIINS Sa eW aig LIBRARIES SMITHSC 2 z = Pee 3S n 7) Wo > i iad = 2 LAU N E a = 2 re fy = a A z Oe ic = O 2 7) z o ve 1 LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IlyYvuslt LIBRARIES SMITHS¢ CaN 2) easy RE HLOIt Poach ay on” = akon ” ery = sy BD ——