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Subscription Price: $5 50 a year; $2 UNITED STATES BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD L. MCKERNAN, DIRECTOR Ses Ri OnuonGr a Scene ene DIVISION OF RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE RALPH C. BAKER, CHIEF CLARENCE F. PAUTZKE, COMMISSIONER ; COMMERCIA A review of developments and news of the fishery industries prepared in the BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES. wy ee Joseph Pileggi, Editor* G. A. Albano,** H. M. Bearse, and H. Beasley, Assistant Editors (#On special assignment for 7 months. **Acting Editor) Address correspondence and requests to the: Chief, Fishery Market News Service, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Wyatt Bldg., Suite 611, 777 14th Street, NW., Washington 5, D.C. Publication of material from sources outside the Bureau is not an endorsement. The Bureau is not responsible for the accuracy of facts, views, or opinions contained in materialfrom outside sources. Although the contents of the publication have not been copyrighted and may be reprinted freely, reference to the source is appreciated. Use of funds for printing this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, May 1, 1963. 5/31/68 CONTENTS COVER: Anartist's conception of the new 99-foot class of North Sea stern trawlers, two of which are now under construction at a British shipyard. Page 1. .Mechanizing the Blue Crab Industry--Part 1 - Survey of Processing Plants, by Charles F. Lee, George M. Knobl, Jr., and Emmett F. Deady 11 ..Sea Scallop Industry of Canada, by Richard M. Doherty, George P. Draheim, Donald J. White, and Charles L. Vaughn 17 ..Development of the John N. Cobb Pelagic Trawl--A Progress Report, by Richard L. McNeely Page Page 2 TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS: 5 TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Alaska: California: 28 .. Canned Fishery Products Pack, 1962 31 .. Midwater Trawling for Salmon Fingerlings 28 .. Herring Bait Fishery Resumed 28 .. Gill-Net Season Opens at Taku Inlet 31... Pelagic Fish Population Survey Continued 28 .. Cold-Storage Plant Installs Pneumatic Head- 32... Shrimp Resources in Northern and Central er for Halibut Coastal Waters Surveyed 28 .. Halibut Landings at Ketchikan 34 .. Trawling Grounds Sought in Offshore Waters 29 .. King Crab Fishery at Kodiak Slows Down 35 .. Trinity River Hatchery Opened 29 .. Saxman to Prince Rupert Rail-Barge in Op- 35 .. Cans--Shipments for Fishery Products, Janu- eration ary-March 1963 29 .. ARA Loan and Grant for Seldovia Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations: Alaska Fisheries Investigations: 36 .. Tuna Studies 29... Good Overwinter Survival of Pink and Chum Federal Aid for Sport Fishing and Wildlife Salmon at Olsen Bay Restoration: 29 .. Research Vessel Murre II Repaired and Con- 36 .. Interior Apportions Funds to States verted for Oceanographic Research Great Lakes Fisheries Exploration and Gear 30 .. Carotenoid Study at Ketchikan Technological Research: Research Laboratory 37 .. Exploratory Fishing in Lake Erie 30 .. Foreign Fishing Activities in the Bering Sea Great Lakes Fisheries Investigations: and Gulf of Alaska 37... Lake Michigan Fish Population Survey 31 .. Processed Sea Lion Pup Skins May Have 38 .. Sea Lamprey Control in Lake Michigan and Commercial Value Lake Superior Contents continued page II. II Page 38 39 40 41 41 42 42 42 43 44 44 45 46 46 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 50 50 50 51 ol 52 52 54 54 56 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 7 CONTENTS (CONTINUED) TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Gulf Exploratory Fishery Program: Motion Picture Study of Deep-Water Shrimp Behavior Shrimp Gear Studies Gulf Fishery Investigations: Shrimp Distribution Studies Industrial Fishery Products: U. S. Fish Meal and Solubles: Production and Imports, January-March 1963 U. S. Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles: Production, March 1963 Production, April 1963 Major Indicators for U. S. Supply, April 1963 Use of Fish Meal and Oil in Cattle Rations Recommended Irradiation Preservation: Architectural Studies for New Fishery Prod- ucts Irradiator Begun Marketing: Edible Fishery Products Marketing Pros- pects, Summer 1963 Muskellunge: Population Study in Lake St. Clair National Aquarium: Aquarium Advisory Board Recommends Hains Point Site New Jersey: Fishery Landings, 1962 New York: Fishery Landings, 1962 North Pacific Exploratory Fishery Program: Survey of Deep-Water Marine Fauna off Mouth of Columbia River Continued Oceanography: Annual Meeting of American Society of Limnology and Oceanography New Device Used in Monthly Temperature Survey of Mid-Atlantic Shelf Oregon: Record Yearling Silver Salmon Release Oysters: Chlorophyll Value to Oyster Growth Studied Oyster Feeding Tests Oyster Mortality Study Continues Chlorella Aids Growth of Oysters Starfish Chemicals Screened for Toxicity Pollution: Fish Kills by Water Pollution, 1962 Puerto Rico: New Tuna Cannery Activated in April 1963 Rhode Island: Fishery Landings, 1962 Shrimp: United States Shrimp Supply Indicates, April 1963 South Atlantic Exploratory Fishery Program; Exploratory Fishing for Commercial Species off Georgia and Florida Sport Fishing: Over 19 Million Licensed Sport Fishermen in 50 States Tuna: Albacore and Bluefin Tuna Catch Forecast for Southern and Baja California Area Schooling Behavior Study Page 56 57 57 58 59 60 60 Contents continued page TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): United States Fisheries: Fish Sticks and Portions Production, Janu- ary-March 1963 U. S. Fishing Vessels: Documentations Issued and Cancelled, April 1963 Study Shows Need for Vessel Modernization U. S. Foreign Trade: Airborne Imports of Fishery Products, No- vember-December 1962 Edible Fishery Products, March 1963 Virginia: Fishery Landings, 1962 Wholesale Prices: Edible Fish and Shellfish, May 1963 FOREIGN: International: Central America: Regional Fisheries Development Fish Meal: Production and Exports for Selected Coun- tries, February 1963 World Production: March 1963 February 1963 Food and Agriculture Organization: Second World Fishing Gear Congress: Fishing-Fleet Operations Described by Japanese Experts Prospective Developments in the Harvest- ing of Marine Fishes International Whaling Commission: New Commissioner Appointed by Canada North Pacific Fisheries Commission: Former Commission Associate Elected New Chairman North Pacific Fisheries Convention: Negotiations Reviewed by Japanese News- paper Meeting Began June 6, 1963 Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Commission: Canada Appoints New Commissioners South American Pacific Coast: Fisheries Landings and Exports Up Sharply in Recent Years World Fisheries: Fish Production Compares Favorably with Meat Australia: California Frozen Squid Successfully Intro- duced Belgium-Luxembourg: Marine Oil Stocks and Foreign Trade, 1962 British West Indies: Barbados Fishing Industry Trends, 1962 Canada: British Columbia Fisheries Association Holds Seminar on Water Pollution Legislation Introduced to Extend Fishing Limits National Fisheries Development Policy Pro- posed New Fish-Processing Plant Planned for Nova Scotia Trawl Mesh Regulations Save Small Cod Chile: Norwegian Fishing and Fish Meal Venture Proves Successful III. July COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Til CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Page Page FOREIGN (Contd.): FOREIGN (Contd.): Denmark: Japan (Contd.): owes Fisheries Trends, First Quarter 1963 Gish lan Fish Meal Venture off North Coast Proposed 73 Foreign Trade in Industrial Products, 1962 83 Plans for Northwest Atlantic Trawling Proj- Egypt: ect Ta 66 Plan for Food-Processing Plants Includes 83 .. Plan for Northwest Atlantic Trawling Proj- Fishery Products ect Delayed France: 83 Another Large Trawler to Fish off South 74 Spiny Lobsters and Other Shellfish Imported Africa from Cuba 83 Production and Foreign Trade in Marine Oils, German Federal Republic: 1962 74 Electrocution Device May Improve Quality 84 Activities of Overseas Fisheries Association of Catch for FY 1963 Ua 5 Oceanographic Research 85 .. Export of Fishing Vessels Subject of Study 75 .. Subsidy Fails to Fill Gap Between Profit 85 .. Licensing of Tuna Motherships with Portable and Loss for Distant-Water Trawlers Catcher-Vessels Under Study Greece: 86 Soviets Contract to Purchase Five Tuna Fac- 76 .. Fisheries Trends, January-March 1963 toryships Greenland: 86 Use of Monofilament Nets Increases 76 Fishing Limit of 12 Miles Established 86 Fishing Vessels Ordered from Japan Haiti: Libya: 76 .. New Fishing Firm Established 86 .. Survey of Fisheries Recommends Modern Iceland: Fleet and Shore Facilities 76 Fishery Landings by Principal Species, Malaya: 1961-62 87 Joint Malayan-Japanese Tuna Company Ex- 76 . Fishery Exports to the Soviet Bloc, 1962 panding Ue . Utilization of Fishery Landings, 1961-62 Morocco: 77... New Herring Processing Facility Planned 87 .. Fisheries Trends, First Quarter 1963 for Westman Islands Norway: 77... Proposed Fishing Conference by British 87... Antarctic Whaling Season Failure Spurs De- Stirs Debate mand for Lower Quota 78 Record Expansion of Fishing Fleet in 1963 88 .. Canned Fish Export Trends, 1962 and First Planned Quarter 1963 India: 88 .. Industry Views on EFTA Tariff Reductions 78 Indian Ocean Biological Center Established 89 .. Newest Stern Trawler Plans Short Trips 78 Indo-Norwegian Community Fisheries Proj- 89 .. Production, Supply, and Disposition of Ma- ect Successful rine Oils, 1961-63 78 Joint Indo-Japanese Fishing Venture Pro- 90 Seminar on Fishery Economics Held in posed Bergen Tran: 90 Proposed Increase in Subsidies to Cod and 79 .. Fishing Rights in the Persian Gulf Herring Fisheries Japan: Panama: "9 Vessels Report Lower Catch Ratio for Alba- 90 Fisheries Trends, 1962 core at American Samoa Peru: 79 .. Market Trends for Albacore Tuna, May 1963 91 Investment Opportunities Presented by Fish 79 .. Canned Tuna in Brine Price Increased for Meal Industry May-June Exports Philippine Republic: 79 .. Atlantic Ocean Tuna Fishery Trends, April 92 Fisheries Expansion Projects 1963 Poland: 80 .. Atlantic-Caught Frozen Tuna Exports to 92 .. Landings by Distant-Water Fleet Higher Dur- Italy Increased ing January-April 1963 80 Export Targets for Atlantic-Caught Frozen Portugal: Tuna Revised 92 .. Rejection of Canned Sardines by Italy and 80 .. Tuna Fishery Trends, April-May 1963 West Germany Subject of Inquiry 81 . Tuna Producers and Sales Associations Singapore: Consider Canning Tuna in U.S. 93 .. Fishermen Pro .st Fisheries Expansion 81 .. Crab Factoryship Fishery in Olyutorsk Sea Policy Considered South Africa Republic: 81 Experimental King Crab Fishery in Kodiak 93 .. Pilchard-Maasbanker Fishery, January 1963 Island Area Planned South-West Africa: 82 . Exports of Canned Fish to Philippines May 93) . Canned Fish Marketing Trends, May 1963 Increase Surinam: 82 .. Export Targets for Fishery Products, Fis- 93 Foreign Trade in Fishery Products, 1961- cal Year 1963 1962 82 Joint Fish-Meal Processing Venture in Togo: Chile Considered OS iirene Fisheries Trends, 1962 82 .. Firm Plans Joint Fish Meal Venture in U.S.S:R.: Peru 94... Fisheries Trends, March-April 1963 Contents continued page IV. IV COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 7 CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Page Page FOREIGN (Contd.): FEDERAL ACTIONS (Contd.): United Kingdom: State Department: 94 ,. Distant-Water Trawling Group Proposes Agency for International Development: Restriction on Landings and Imports 106) =. Foreign Currency Loans Available to United 95 .. Intention to Withdraw from Certain Interna- States Firms tional Fishery Agreements Announced Department of the Treasury: 96 .. New Oceanographic Research Vessel Leaves Internal Revenue Service: for Indian Ocean MO GH. Deduction for Soil or Water Conservation 96 .. Small Stern Trawler Designed for Use in Expenditures Extended to Fish Farmers Tropics United States District Court: Venezuela: 107... Fishermen Considered Employees for Tax 96 .. Tuna Fishing Base for Japanese Vessels Purposes Planned 107... Eighty-Eighth Congress (First Session) Viet-Nam: FISHERY INDICATORS: 96 .. Landings of Fishery Products Slightly High- 112 .. Chart 1 - Fishery Landings for Selected States er in 1962 113... Chart 2 - Landings for Selected Fisheries FEDERAL ACTIONS: 114 .. Chart 3 - Cold-Storage Holdings and Freezings Federal Trade Commission: of Fishery Products 98 .. Crab Fishermen's Association Ruled Guilty 115 .. Chart 4 - Receipts and Cold-Storage Holdings of Unfair Competition and Restraint of of Fishery Products at Principal Distribution Trade Centers 99 .. Shrimp Processing Machinery Firm Found 115 .. Chart 5 - Fish Meal and Oil Production not Guilty of Suppressing Competition 116 .. Chart 6 - Canned Packs of Selected Fishery Department of the Interior: Products Bureau of Commercial Fisheries; 117... Chart 7 - U.S. Fishery Products Imports IMOXO): 6 New and Amended Federal Standards Pro- RECENT FISHERY PUBLICATIONS: posed for Grades of FishSticks and Fish 118 .. Fish and Wildlife Service Publications Portions 121 .. Miscellaneous Publications Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior—America’s Department of Natural Resources—is concerned with the man- agement, conservation, and development of the Nation’s water, fish, wildlife, mineral, forest, and park and recreational re- sources. It also has major responsibilities for Indian and Territorial affairs. As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Depart- ment works to assure that nonrenewable resources are developed and used wisely, that park and recreational resources are con- served for the future, and that renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress, prosperity, and security of the United States—now and in the future. ABE. Editorial Assistants: Ruth V. Keefe and Jean Zalevsky Sr. Compositor: Alma Greene Jr. Compositors: Donna K. Wallace and Marjorie McGlone se osle se se ok KK OK OK OK OO Photograph Credits: Page by page, the following list gives the source or photographer for each photograph in this issue. Photographs on pages not mentioned were obtained from the Service's file and the photographers are unknown. P, 35--Bureau of Reclamation; p. 54--F. A. Cunningham. July 1963 Washington 5, D. C. Vol. 25, No. 7 MECHANIZING THE BLUE CRAB INDUSTRY Part | - Survey of Processing Plants By Charles F. Lee,* George M. Knobl, Jr.,** and Emmett F. Deady*** ABSTRACT This article summarizes the information obtained in a survey of over 60 plants in the blue crab industry. The main objective of the survey was to determine the need for mechanization and the type of machines needed. The plants surveyed in- cluded most of the medium-sized and large plants and some of the smaller plants, In the selection of the plants, the geographical distribution of production was con- sidered. It was concluded that the industry was in serious need of aid and that mechani- zation of the hand operations of debacking, cleaning, and picking offered the best long-range possibility of profitable operation under the eventual $1.25 per hour minimum wage required by law. A group or "family" of four machines to separate - ly (1) deback the crabs and clean cores, (2) pick lump meat, (3) pick body meat, and (4) pick claw meat was considered the best means of providing the varying levels of mechanization that are required by the industry, due to the very large range insize and economic condition of the industry's plants. INTRODUCTION The blue crab industry has changed very little during the 75 years or more that crab meat has been picked and marketed in the Chesapeake Bay region. Now, as in the beginning, crabs are loaded into retort baskets, batch-cooked in steam or in boiling water, and cooled. After the cooled crabs have been debacked and cleaned, the body meat, the lump meat, and the claw meat are picked out separately into cans or pans. Finally, the weight per can is ad- justed to an even pound, and the cans are capped and iced for shipment to market. Each of those steps is a hand operation. When the Fair Labor Standards Act Amendment of 1961 required the fresh crab meat industry to pay the workers a $1.00 minimum hourly wage, every plant that produced crab meat was affected adversely by the resulting increase in cost of production. Since many of these plants were already operating with only marginal profit, it appeared likely that this increased cost would force many of them out of business. To circumvent this possibility, Congress provided a special appropriation to the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries to be used primarily to investigate the mechanization of part or all of the industry's hand operations. In order that the work could be completed quick- ly and efficiently, the Bureau decided to make use of the practical experience and special knowledge of a private research organization with prior experience in the problems encoun- tered in mechanization. The work to be undertaken by the research organization selected was: ¥ Supervisory Engineer 9 . 4 4+ Assistant Director, Fishery Technological Laboratory | U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, College Park, Md. 4*#S enior Engineer and Vice President, American Scientific Corporation, Alexandria, Va. Note: Part I will be followed by Part II ("Measures for Immediate Relief Through Worker Specialization") and Part III ("Strengthening the Industry's Economic Position"), in subsequent issues of Commercial Fisheries Review. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 680 2 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 7 1. To conduct a survey to determine if mechanization was feasible. 2. If mechanization was feasible, to make recommendations for the optimum level of mechanization. 3. Also, even if mechanization was feasible, to recommend stop-gap measures for immediate relief until machinery for mechanization could be developed and manufactured. After reviewing proposals from many potential contractors, the Bureau chose Reed Research, Inc., Washington, D.C. (now American Scientific Corporation, Alexandria, Va.), to carry out this project, and the work was started on October 11, 1961. The contractor visited more than 60 plants throughout the blue-crab producing area to (1) observe methods of production and kinds of equipment used and (2) discuss with the man- agers of the individual plants the problems created by the minimum-wage law. The purpose of the present article is to report the findings of this comprehensive survey of the industry by the contractor. In the present article, the organization of the survey is first described, the results ob- tained are reported, and then the contractor's conclusions regarding the optimum level of mechanization for the industry are given. ORGANIZATION OF THE SURVEY To assure representative geographical coverage, the contractor divided the producing area into five districts, as follows: (1) Maryland; (2) Virginia and North Carolina; (3) South Carolina and Georgia; (4) Florida; and (5) Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. In each district, plants to be surveyed were selected in such a manner as to (1) include a few of the small plants, (2) include all of the limited number of large plants, and (3) include most of the medium-sized plants (those having from 25 to 50 pickers). The last group comprised the majority of the plants visited, since they are of greatest importance from the standpoint of production. The districts, the approximate number of plants in each (the number operating varies seasonally and from year to year), and the percent of the plants in each district that were included in the survey are as follows: 1. Maryland (50 plants)--28 percent. 2. Virginia and North Carolina (55 plants)--33 percent. 3. South Carolina and Georgia (10 plants)--40 percent. 4. Florida (40 plants)--43 percent. 5. Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas (33 plants)--27 percent. RESULTS OF THE SURVEY In this section of the article are described the handling and processing steps used in the industry, the variations encountered from one plant to another, and how the plants were clas- sified in order for the contractor to arrive at his conclusions regarding the optimum level of mechanization for the industry. HANDLING AND PROCESSING STEPS: The various handling and processing steps in- clude catching, weighing, cooking, cooling, picking, packaging, and disposing of the waste. Catching: Depending on the season, on regional preferences, and to some extent on State regulations, crabs are taken by traps (crab pots), trot lines, dredges, scrapes, and dip nets. The vessels used are small (with the exception of some used in the lower Chesapeake Bay); July 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 3 normally, fishing is a one- or two-man operation. The gear is relatively inexpensive. Crab pots are frequently furnished by the packer. This service tends to create an obligation for the crabber to sell his catch to that particular packer. Except for such ties as these, the crabbers are usually independent. Very few plants own and operate the catching boats. The plants thus have little control over the supply of live crabs. More often, the reverse is true--the plants have to buy all crabs brought to them dur- ing periods of glut in order to obtain a supply of crabs during periods of scarcity. The price fluctuates in close relation to the supply and may vary from $3 per bushel when crabs are plentiful to $9 per bushel when they are scarce. Size and condition of the live crabs also in- fluence the price paid. Weighing: In most plants, the baskets of live crabs are hoisted from the crab boat, weighed on the dock, and dumped directly into the retort baskets. A few plants wash the crabs before they go to the cooker. Culling out dead crabs at this point is rarely done, although the large fat "jimmy" crabs, which can be sold at a much better price as whole "hard" crabs, may be separated. Normally, as the pickers or debackers open the cooked crabs, these workers are able to identify and discard the crabs that had died before they were cooked. Cooking: Although the effects of variations in time, temperature, and raw material on yield and bacteriological quality have been investigated by the University of Maryland at its Seafood Processing Laboratory in Crisfield, cooking is still carried on largely by rule of thumb in most plants. A few plants (mainly in Mississippi) cook their crabs in boiling water, but this practice is prohibited by the Health Departments of several States. Most plants cook with steam at 15 pounds pressure. Vertical retorts are most common. Retort baskets holding 450 to 500 pounds of crabs are handled by a chain hoist on an overhead track. Hor- izontal autoclaves are also used and permit handling the crabs in small cars. Cooling: After being cooked, crabs are cooled in one of several ways. In some plants, the crabs are simply held in the retort baskets overnight at normal air temperature or are moved to a refrigerated holding room after preliminary air cooling. Air is sometimes cir- culated over the baskets of hot crabs by large fans, or the crabs may be dumped onto large concrete tables and sprayed with water. This last practice is common in the South, where the crabs are debacked and cleaned very soon after being cooked. Although the cleaned cores may be picked immediately, in some plants they may be held in chilled storage until the fol- lowing day. Picking: The cost of picking accounts for about one-third of the total cost of fresh crab meat. Now done almost entirely by hand, picking was considered to be the only step in which major economies were possible through mechanization. Actually, picking comprises, not one, but 3 or possibly even 4 distinct operations. These operations are separated in varying degrees in present practice. In the Chesapeake Bay region, the picker debacks and cleans the crabs and picks the lump and flake meat, but a separate picker usually picks the claws. In the South Atlantic and Gulf Coast States, a separate group of workers debacks, cleans, and may wash the crabs--the pickers getting the cleaned cores. Claws are picked separately, sometimes by the Harris machinel/, which utilizes the principle of separating the meat by brine flotation. In a few plants where pickers remove only the lump meat from the cleaned cores, a greater degree of specialization of hand operation is reached. In such an operation, two separate Harris machines are used--one to "'pick'' the claw meat and the other to "pick" the residual body meat. The output of the Harris machine is, however, used only for specialty products (crab cakes, deviled crabs, etc.) or for canning, as the meat ob- tained is too finely shredded to compete with the meat obtained by hand picking. Also, the brine flotation involved in the machine operation and the extensive washing needed to wash away excess salt is said to leach out most of the delicate crab flavor. Crab pickers vary widely in speed as well as in efficiency. Often, high speed is obtained at the expense of yield. When live crabs are costly, the fastest picker, if he is not efficient, may not be a desirable employee. A few pickers work both rapidly and efficiently. Selecting 1/U. S. Patent Nos. 2, 858, 223; 2, 608, 716; 2, 652, 588. 4 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25 No. 7 pickers with special skills and balancing work teams of specialized pickers is the basic prin- ciple of the contractor's recommendations for effecting economies with the present hand- picking practices. This principle will be discussed in detail in Part III of this series of re- ports. Packaging: In some States, regulations require that crab meat be picked directly into the can. The individual picker then takes the filled cans, usually five at a time, up toa central scale and adjusts the weights. In other States, the meat may be picked into pans and then weighed in the packing room. Most fresh crab meat is marketed in snap-top 1-pound cans, although meat to be used for specialty products is now frequently packed and shipped in 3- or 5-pound heat-sealed plastic bags. If the meat is to be pasteurized, it is picked directly into cans that can be hermetically sealed. Fresh meat in bags or cans is immediately well iced in barrels or in wheeled carts. The iced meat is removed to a cold room if it is not shipped promptly, as the storage life of the fresh picked meat is short at best--usually less than 10 days. Meat that is to be pasteurized must also be heat-processed promptly to obtain a good-quality product. After being proc- essed, the cans of pasteurized crab meat are cooled, placed in storage, andheldat 33°0-38°F., at which temperature good quality is maintained for 6 months or more, provided that the crab meat has been handled rapidly and carefully prior to being pasteurized. Disposing of the Waste: The yield of picked meat varies considerably; but on the average about 85 percent of the weight of the live crab becomes waste. A few of the large plants have scrap dryers to convert this waste into crab meal containing 30-35 percent crude protein. The meal finds a limited market as a supplement in poultry food, and some is sold for use in mixed fertilizers. Sometimes scrap dryers are located near groups of plants so that it is economical to collect and truck the waste from several plants to a central dryer. Most of the isolated plants, however, still dump their waste into adjacent waters, sometimes giving it a preliminary coarse grinding so that the material will be more readily carried away by the tide. A few plants report that they give or sell the waste to pig farmers, although there seems to be some question as to whether or not the large amount of shell (mostly calcium carbonate) present in the waste is deleterious to the pigs. VARIATIONS WITHIN THE INDUSTRY: As the survey progressed, the contractor be- came increasingly aware that there were many more differences between plants than simply variations in equipment and handling methods. Some of these differences, which assumed unexpected importance, will be discussed below and then in more detail in the later section on economic analysis of the industry (Part III). Here, we consider briefly the crab supply, plants, management, labor, products, and markets. Supply of Raw Crabs: Next to the cost resulting from the large amount of labor required to pick the meat, the uncertainty in the supply and the cost of the raw material constitute the greatest obstacle to operating a crab plant at a profit. As already indicated, most of the crabbers are independent or are only loosely associated with any particular plant. Thus, when crabs are scarce, buying is highly competitive, and prices for raw crabs may exceed the price at which the picked meat can be sold at a profit. In glut periods, prices of raw crabs are lower, but the price of the product likewise is depressed. Furthermore, the short shelf life of the fresh product causes losses when the supply temporarily exceeds the demands of the market. Plants: Almost without exception, crab plants are located onornear the waters, as the in- dustry largely depends on dockside delivery of live crabs. With the exception of a few of the larger companies, the plants are old, and the buildings are depreciated. Less than one-third of the plants possess modern office facilities. Except for some modern boilers and a few Harris machines, equipment is old. Despite this fact, however, the cleanliness of the plants reflects the fact that managers are keenly aware of the need for careful sanitation. All plants are licensed annually by local, county, or state health authorities and are subject to unan- nounced inspection. As a result, clean-up after the pickers finish work is a universal prac- tice, and with few exceptions, is very good to excellent. July 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 5 Management: As previously indicated, little effort is expended to promote the product. In most plants, the volume of production is static. If seasonal fluctuations or other factors that affect the supply of raw crabs are disregarded, the output of fresh crab meat has in- creased only slightly in recent years and at a far slower rate than that of other manufactured seafood products. The contractors found no evidence of planned programs for expansion, mergers, or re- searchand development, although such programs may exist for a few of the large companies. Plants are usually owned by a single family or are closed corporations. Several members of a family sometimes own plants that operate in competition. The owner usually acts as the plant manager so that supervision rests entirely in one man. In the few plants in which there is absentee ownership, the resident manager has full authority for plant direction. Managers are almost always trained by growing up in the busi- ness. Thus, their knowledge of finance, production, sales, and handling of labor is acquired by dealing with these problems directly. Only 10 percent of the plant managers interviewed were considered to be "growth ori- ented;"' the remainder seemed to be content to hold the present volume of production. How- ever, 70 percent were considered to be ''machine oriented''--that is, ready to accept and use automatic machinery to replace the time-honored hand-picking operation. All of the managers thought in terms of a quality product, but they varied greatly intheir definition of quality. To some managers, quality meant ''clean,"' or "safe," reflecting the emphasis on sanitation and resulting, no doubt, from the use of bacteriological standards in some of the big-market areas. Toa few other managers, quality merely meant "edible.' Hardly any managers thought in terms of standards for such important factors of quality as the amount of cartilage (called "bone" by the industry), the size of the lump, or the proportion of true lump meat to smaller pieces (flakes) in the lump, backfin, and special packs. Labor: Much of the discussion with plant managers concerned labor problems. The na- ture of the problem differed widely from place to place. The basic reason for many of the difficulties was readily apparent. Crab picking is seasonal and, furthermore, is irregular even during the season. Some days, if the weather is bad, there are no crabs. Next day, the pickers may work 6-8 hours. The rate of pay is low--on the former piece-work basis, some workers made barely 50 cents per hour, with the maximum earnings probably being $1.25 per hour. Consequently, few pickers rely on this work as their sole income. It is almost always a source of supplementary income, so few young workers are attracted to this occupation. A great many of the workers are 50 years of age or older. The labor force is predominately women. Because little effort is being made to train new crab pickers, the available supply of pickers is declining in many areas. This short supply of labor tends to put the plant owner at the mercy of his labor force. As in his relation with the crabber, he finds it difficult to influence the pickers in any way. Both are independent, can easily work for another plant, or can go on relief. To obtain their cooperation, the plant owner must handle them with considerable understanding. Product: About 40 percent of the crab plants visited shuck oysters during the off-season (in the Chesapeake Bay region) or handle shrimp or fish as well as crab products. Moreover, all live crabs are not cooked and picked. Some of the other products marketed by the crab plants--in addition to the various styles of fresh or ''chilled" crab meat variously termed lump, backfin, backfin lump, special (lump topping on flake), regular or flake, claw, andcock- tail fingers (lump claw meat with the small claw attached)--are as follows: Pasteurized Crab Meat: Properly handled, pasteurized crab meat is only slightly dif- ferent in taste and texture from the chilled meat and has a greatly prolonged cold-storage life. More lump meat than other styles is pasteurized because this high-priced product is better able to absorb the extra cost of processing and storage. The amount of pasteurized 6 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 7 meat produced can only be estimated, as it is not separately recordedinU.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries statistics. One estimate places production of pasteurized meat at no more than 10 percent of the total production. More crab meat than usual is pasteurized during glut periods when the market cannot absorb all the fresh pack. Frequently, one plant will pas- teurize part of the pack of a neighboring plant not equipped for pasteurization. Canned Crab Meat: Canned, completely heat-processed meat is not usually considered to be as palatable as either fresh or pasteurized meat, and the small production is mainly marketed in inland areas where fresh crab meat has been almost unknown because of its highly perishable nature. The Inland States represent a large potential market for pasteur- ized meat. Frozen Crab Meat: Frozen crab meat retains the natural flavor and texture of fresh meat for only a limited time. Freezing is thus usually used as an emergency method of hold- ing excess production for short periods of up to 6 weeks. Hard Crabs: Whole crabs, either alive or cooked, are very popular in some coastal areas, and although they are sold almost entirely to local restaurants or to individuals ona "carry-out'' basis, this trade may attain a considerable volume. Only the large jimmy or male crabs are sold as hard crabs, and bring a high price. Whether they are separated by the crabber or by workers at the plant, this procedure tends to reduce the cooked yield of the remaining crabs, since the yield of meat from the smaller crabs is not as great. Soft Crabs: The so-called soft crab or soft-shelled crab is a transient stage in the de- velopment of the crab, immediately following the molt. After only a few hours in the water, the soft crab becomes a "buckram,'' which is too leathery to eat, andsoonafterwards develops its normal hard shell. A few crab-picking plants handle soft crabs, but the skills involved are so different that this is usually a separate business. Specialty Items: As already mentioned, a considerable amount of bulk crab meat is used in mixtures such as deviled crab, creoles, crab cakes, shrimp stuffed with crab, and other products containing crab meat. These products can be and usually are marketed frozen. A few of the picking plants make their own specialty products. Although this outlet has expanded rapidly in recent years, it has not yet reached its full potential. Market: The main markets for fresh and pasteurized crab meat are the big cities of the East Coast. Baltimore and New York are the most important, with Philadelphia, Washington, Norfolk, and Boston also constituting large markets. Much of the meat is sold under contract to large restaurants andhotels, anda large quantity is retailed through the food-store chains. Many of the medium-to-small plants in more isolated areas, however, sell most or all their pack through commission agents. There is very little actual effort to ''sell'' the product--no advertising, institutional pro- motion, or other concentrated effort is made to expand the market. An exception has been the specialty products previously mentioned. These frozen ''convenience foods"' are usually promoted and marketed much more widely, sometimes on a national scale. The processors of these products have led the way in trying to increase the popularity of crab meat in inland areas where the fresh product has heretofore been virtually unknown. Classification of Plants: After the survey was completed, the information obtained was used to group the plants in each area into four categories. Each plant was scored on the basis of a maximum of 25 points each for (1) progressiveness and competence of management, (2) capacity (size) of plant, (3) innovations in operational or marketing practices, and (4) geo- graphical locations (to avoid one-sided groupings). Group 1 was plants scoring 80-100; group 2, 60-80; group 3, 40-60; and group 4, less than 40 points. These plants, grouped by district, were distributed as shown in table 1 on page 7. Group 4, comprised of plants scoring less than 40 points and generally employing less than 12 pickers, was the only one considered not to be qualified for inclusion in the general July 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 7 mechanization program. Even some of the Table 1 - Distribution of Plants in Each District, According to Group plants in this category, however, could bene- == aa fitfrom partial mechanization. The study in- District dicates that the groups overlap considerably ST RAUMERIS Goo occ and that mechanization is feasible for all--but ier iene SES on a decreasing scale, with limitations im- 2. Virginia, North posed, not onlyby the size of the plant, but by the ambitions of the managers and their abil- ity to plan andfinance a program of this type. da. ae WEES coast) b Florida west coast) OPTIMUM LEVEL OF MECHANIZATION Niece Albena: Louisiana, Texas The ultimate over-all objective of the project is mechanization of the crab industry to enable it to operate efficiently and profitably under the new labor- -law regulations. The primary objective of the contractor's survey was to determine the optimum level of mech- anization--that is, the type of machines that the industry needed and also could afford. Com- plete mechanization of a plant is theoretically possible, but few plants in any industry are completely automated. Ordinarily, there is some point above which the cost of automation exceeds the savings that can be obtained by eliminating labor. One purpose of the survey was to establish this point for the crab industry. A "mechanization profile' was first developed, showing the steps in handling crabs from dock to shipping truck, and the nature of each of these operations (that is, hand, hand tool, hand-controlled power tool, etc.). A chart was prepared for each plant and the information was summarized. This detailed and confidential information was used to evaluate the survey and formed the basis for the recommendations which follow. Because of the nature of this information, it cannot be presented in an article of this type. Obviously, the problems presented in mechanization of a whole industry are more com- plex than for a single plant. In the plant survey, 14 basic operations (fig. 1) were found com- bined in 15 different and distinct systems of handling and processing. Moreover, the plants surveyed ranged in size from one employing only 3 pickers to one employing almost 100 pickers. ~ PAS- TEURI ZED PACKING IN BAGS OR CANS PACKED FOR SHIPPING FROZEN DEBACK & CLEAN STOREROOM i ¥ L IL. ve TRANSPORT AT | ON ——l) Fig. 1 - Process steps in totally automated plant, 8 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Wolls 2D, INO. 7 A satisfactory plan of mechanization would be one that is flexible enough that plants of all sizes could benefit and one that, as the profits generated would permit, the degree of mechanization could be increased without making already installed machines obsolete. A series of ''family'' of machines that could be used separately or in any combination seemed to be the best approach to meet these requirements. THE FAMILY OF MACHINES: Each of the 14 operations shown in figure 1 represents a function that can be performed: (1) by man alone, (2) by man and machine, or (3) by machine alone. With these three combinations, many levels between the two extremes are possible for all 14 operations. In figure 2 is shown the manner in which the contractor's solution of a family of machines is applicable to the whole industry. It will be seen that the small plants processing up to about 200,000 pounds of crab meat per year (21 percent of the total number of plants) could use a mechanical debacker. Slightly larger plants handling up to 275,000 pounds per year could add a mechanical claw picker, and so on. a Ge ee eae ee] | | ia ae [J — comptete FIGURE 1 = aaa aa —a S THROUGH 14) OF FIGURE 1 AUTOMATIC PROCESSING AND PACKAGING ADDED ZS 20j— is} o (9) q o Ay n ALL MEAT MECHANICALLY PICKED iz Z q 40 =| a, 3 ie / fl Bo ty 35 faa) / = 60 OF FIGURE 1 MECHANICAL REGULAR PICKER ADDED =) a a > J ej is 5208 < rey 7 a OF FIGURE 1 MECHANICAL CLAW PICKER ADDED pc 80 By Le OF FIGURE 1 MECHANICAL DEBACKING AND CLEANING A i 150 300 450 600 750 MEAT PRODUCED (Thousands of Pounds Per Year) Fig. 2 - Mechanization-level curve. It should be pointed out that this pattern of correlation of type of machine used to plant output is for the average plant. Individual plants might find their best solution at a greater or lesser degree of mechanization, which fact is indicated by the overlapping of the blocks. The plan outlined here merely provides a starting point. The manager of the individual plant will, of course, be responsible for selecting the machine or machines that will best fit his particular plant. Mechanization of the first four operations infigure 1--weighing, washing, cooking, cooling -- would save very little labor, since even in the largest plants these are intermittent operations that can be handled by 1 or 2 workers. The family of four machines--(1) a debacker-cleaner, July 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 9 (2) a claw picker, (3) a body-meat picker, and (4) a lump-meat picker--would mechanize op- erations 5 through 8 of figure 1, and would, in combination, provide a degree of mechanization equal to that of any other seafood industry and would be the machines most valuable in ena- bling the crab industry to become optimally mechanized. Automation of block-5 steps (op- erations 9 through 14 of figure 1)--that is, packing in cans or bags, canning, pasteurizing, freezing, waste drying, and packaging for shipment--would mainly contribute to improve san- itation and would thereby allow an expansion of the present market. Machines, however, are already available for most of these steps, so no additional work on mechanization of these operations seems called for by the contractor. Furthermore, only about 10 percent of the plants would benefit directly by the automation of operations 10, 11, 12, and 14 of block-5, since these are special process steps usually found only in the larger plants. PRIORITY OF MACHINE DEVELOPMENT: Within the ''family" of the four machines decided upon as adequate to reduce processing costs, it was necessary to establish a prior- ity of developmental effort. The debacker-cleaner machine was chosen as the machine to be developed first. This choice was dictated by the following considerations: 1. A workable machine for separating claw meat (the Harris machine) is already available and in use. 2. The lump-picker machine (a) will be the most complex in design and will there- fore present the greatest problems, (b) will probably be the most expensive, and (c) will probably require the most time for development. 3. Ina choice between the debacker-cleaner and the body-meat picker, the de- backer-cleaner promises to be the simpler to develop and to be cheap enough to be bought by all plants. 4. The debacker-cleaner would free skilled workers for picking. 5. The debacker-cleaner would result ina minimum of supply and marketing pro- blems, since it would not lead directly to the increase in meat production that could follow general use of a rapid and efficient meat-picking machine. On the basis of information obtained from packers, the contractor estimated that the use of two machines--the debacker-cleaner and the claw-picker--might save up to 40 percent of the labor costs involved in picking. For group-2 plants, this would amount to from $10,000 to $20,000 in annual savings, half of which could be used to amortize, overa 5-year period, machines valued at $25,000 to $50,000. SUMMARY A survey of over 60 crab plants of representative sizes located throughout the Atlantic and the Gulf Coasts areas (where blue crabs are processed) revealed that the industry is faced with economic difficulty. Although plants differ widely in size, in management attitudes, in the process used, and in other ways, Some problems are encountered almost universally. These common problems are of three types, involving: 1. Difficulty in getting a steady supply of raw crabs at a price that will permit profitable operation. 2. Difficulty in obtaining labor that can produce rapidly and efficiently enough to earn the minimum wages required by law. 3. Difficulty in establishing a better approach to marketing. Mechanization of the debacking and cleaning operation, which usually is done by the pickers, as wellas of the picking operation itself would solve the immediate labor problem and 10 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 7 would raise the average profits above the present marginal level. The contractor considered that at least partial mechanization was feasible in all but the very smallest plants. To ob- tain the desired flexibility, the contractor recommended the development of a family of four machines. This plan would enable small as well as large plants to benefit, also enable man- agement to mechanize their operations progressively as increased profits permitted, and do this without obsolescense of machines purchased in the early part of the program. He sug- gested that the initial effort should be concentrated on the development of a machine for de- backing and cleaning the cooked crabs. This machine would be followed by the development of a machine for picking body (flake) meat. Because the machine for picking lump meat prob- ably would find use in only about 30 percent of the plants, its development would be deferred until last. For claw picking, it is expected that the existing Harris machine would be used. BOOKLET ON "HOW TO COOK CRABS" Crabs are one of our popular shellfish because of their tender meat and distinctive flavor. Crab meat alsois an excellent source of high-quality proteins, vitamins, and minerals needed for good nutrition. Modern processing and marketing methods now make crabs available al- most everywhere in the United States. Crabs are available in these market forms: live; cooked in the shell; cooked and frozen; fresh cooked meat; and canned meat. As the booklet explains, four principal kinds of crabs are taken from the marine waters of the United States and Alaska. From the Atlantic and Gulf coasts come blue crabs which compose three-fourths of all the crabs marketed in this country. Dungeness crabs are found on the Pacific coast from Alaska to Mexi- co. King crabs come from the North Pacific off Alaska. Rock crabs are taken onthe New England and California coasts. Of localim- portance are stone crabs in Flori- da and tanner crabs in Alaska. The four principal kinds of crabs are pictured in the booklet and their approximate weights are listed. Complete illustrated in- structions are given for picking the meat from blue crabs. Some of the easy-to prepare recipes which have been developed and kitchen-testedby U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Fishand Wildlife Service staff of home e- Crab Appetizers conomists are: Crab Louis, Crab Ravigote, Crab Newburg, Deviled Crab, Imperial Crab, Avocados Stuffed with Crab Meat, and Barbecued Crab Sandwiches. Generously illustrated, How to Cook Crabs, Test Kitchen Series No. 10, may be purchased for 20 cents eachfrom the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washing - 1HO}aY ZA), IDs (Ge July 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW ial SEA SCALLOP INDUSTRY OF CANADA By Richard M. Doherty*, George P. Draheim** INTRODUCTION The Canadian sea scallop industry is centered in the Province of Nova Scotia, which ac- counts for practically all of the sea scallop landings in Canada (table 1). The recent tremen- dous growth in Nova Scotian landings with a consequent increase in exports of scallops to the United States has prompted those interested in the United States industry to seek the cause of this growth and to inquire into its effects. Table 1 - Total Canadian and Nova Scotian The concern evidenced is not without Scallop Landings, 1951-1961 foundation. : In the period 1951 to 1961, Ca- Son Nova Scotia Land- nadian landings of scallops grew from some __ [Year Caine Nova Scotia ings as a % of 600,000 pounds to more than 10,000,000 @leN Lamang pounds; and inthe same period, imports to the regi Fo Seah ae ea i OF) United States from Canada grew from 239,000 1960 7.737 7 656 98.9 to more than 8,000,000 pounds. Nor is this 1959 4.928 4, 822 97.8 trend expected to abate, since, for reasons rae a3ee Bae ae which will be pointed out, the Canadian scal- 1956 2,577 2) 314 89.8 lop industry is now in a process of rapid 1955 1, 685 1,522 90.3 rowth and expansion. pee yee UetS 81.0 & P 1953 1,922 1, 334 69.4 : . F F moun 1952 1, 199 816 68.1 This article will outline the backgro ean Ae 760 AnD of the growth of the Canadian sea scallop in- dustry and assess the implications of such growth for the United States industry, which is centered at New Bedford, Mass. Sources: Total Landings from Monthly Review of Canadian Fisheries Statistics; Nova Scotia landings supplied by the Economics Branch, Department of Fisheries, Halifax, Nova Scotia. THE INSHORE FISHERY The Canadian industry had its beginning about 1920, with the development of a fleet of small boats to fish the inshore areas. Active inshore fisheries developed in the Bay of Fun- dy, along the south shore of Nova Scotia, and in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The largest and most productive scallop beds for this inshore fishery are found along the Digby shore of the Bay of Fundy. They lie between 3 and 12 miles offshore and extend along the shore for a distance of about 30 miles in 30 to 60 fathoms of water.l/ The boats involved in this fishery are all fairly small, and usually go out in the morning and return at night. Although the inshore fishery of Nova Scotia is widely dispersed along its shoreline, the principal inshore fishery is located at Digby, on the southwest coast of Nova Scotia. Digby has become the center of the inshore fleet because the town is situated midway along the scallop fishing area and affords the only sheltered harbor in the long rocky coastline. In 1960, there were about 33 draggers engaged in the inshore scallop fishery, the great majority of them operating out of Digby. Those vessels ranged from 45 to 60 feet in length, **Project Coodinator Bureau of Business Research, College of Business Administration, Boston College, Chestnut Hill 67, Mass. 1/MacPhail, J. S., "The Inshore Scallop Fishery of the Maritime Provinces." Circular No. 22, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, February 1954. Note: A study performed as partial fulfillment of Contract #14-17-007-31 with the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries of the U. S. De- partment of the Interior, with funds made available under the Saltonstall-Kennedy Act of 1954, U. S.~ DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 681 12 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 7 carried a crew of 3 to 5 men, and landed an average daily catch of 500 pounds of shucked scallops.2/ Until recent years, the inshore fishery accounted for the bulk of the Nova Scotia scallop landings. However, with the tremendous expansion of offshore scalloping on Georges Bank, in the Atlantic Ocean, the offshore fishery has now come to dwarf the inshore fishery. Even though there is evidence that the inshore fishery has increased its annual landings to a level of 1.5-2 million pounds, this fishery now accounts at most for 20 percent of the total Nova Scotia catch.3/ It cannot be stated what will be the most likely level of future inshore operations, but to 1961, inshore landings had continued to increase, although the much more rapid absolute and relative growth of the offshore fishery had much overshadowed this increase. At somestage, the offshore development may act as a damper on the growth of the inshore fishery and also perhaps suppress it entirely. The future of inshore scallop fishing will depend, among other things, upon the price structure which emerges as offshore landings expand. THE OFFSHORE FISHERY Prior to 1956, offshore fishing for scallops in Nova Scotia was done only irregularly. Subsequent growth of the offshore fishery was extremely rapid and it has come to dominate the Canadian scallop industry. It now accounts for at least 80 percent of all scallop landings in the Province of Nova Scotia. Notwithstanding, it is difficult to pinpoint the beginnings of the offshore industry, since the early offshore fleet was seemingly composed mainly of large, older vessels designed for fishing groundfish and converted to scallop fishing. Information supplied by the Canadian De- partment of Fisheries indicates that in 1956, the offshore fleet consisted of 11 older boats which had been converted to scallopers and 9 new vessels, built between 1953 and 1956. Analysis of scallop landings by ports in Nova Scotia would seem to indicate that 1956 was the year in which the offshore fishery became firmly established. (Offshore landings, which had remained at about 250,000 pounds per year for the prior three years, increased by 500,000 pounds in 1956, as contrasted with an estimated increase in inshore landings of only 300,000 pounds.) A significant number of new boats has been added to the offshore fleet since 1957: 2 were added in 1958, 4 in 1959, 1 in 1960, and 5 in 1961 .4/ Thus, in 1961, the offshore scallop fleet consisted of some 32 draggers. These range in length from 65 to 130 feet, but the majority of them are in the 90- to 95-foot class. They Caney a crew of 12 to 14 in the 65- to 80-foot class, and 18 to 21 in the 90- to 130-foot class.2/ The expansion of the offshore fleetin itself suggests the profitability of the fishery. There were apparent advantages in exploiting more intensively the high-unit value scallop fishery on the readily accessible Georges Bank scallop grounds. The scallop resource was quite unlike the low-unit value product (groundfish) traditionally landed in the Provinces. It would also ap- pear that the differential between ex-vessel prices--usually from 5¢ to 10¢ a pound lower in Canada--was such that costs in Canada were sufficiently low to justify such an expansion. There is also some evidence that government subsidies in Canada were and are an im- portant consideration in the expansion of the Canadian fleet. While direct subsidies prior to September 1961 affected only the smaller offshore vessels (those between 60 and 70 feet), indirect subsidies have made it possible to borrow from the Government on a low-interest loan as much as 50 percent of the cost of constructing a larger vessel. And there is the 2/Homans, R. E. S, "Sanitary and Quality Control of the Canadian Scallop Industry," Paper presented at the Fourth National Shellfish Sanitation Workshop, Nov. 28-30, 1961, Washington, D. C. 3/Ibid. (Footnote 1.) 4/Data supplied by the Canadian Department of Fisheries, Halifax. July 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 13 added benefit of depreciation write-off policies allowed by the Government, which enable an owner to write off 15 percent of construction cost per year, and 334 percent per year of the cost of converting a vessel to scallop fishing. Statements made by Canadian operators indi- cate that this governmental assistance contributed to the expanding of the fleet. OUTPUT AND PRODUCTIVITY OF OFFSHORE VESSELS: The average landings per trip5/ (productivity per vessel) of the entire offshore fleet are difficult to assess since, until recent years, those vessels engaged in both scallop fishing and fishing for groundfish. How- ever, Some implications can be gleaned from a consideration of the performance of five ves- sels for which information was made available for the present study. Of the five vessels, 2 were built in 1956, 1 in 1955, 1 in 1954, and 1 in 1949. Three of the boats are between 90 and 100 feet in length, one is 80 feet in length, and the other is 120 feet in length. The average performance of the boats is shown in table 2. Table 2 - Operational Data for an Average : f Nova Scotia Scalloper, 1957-19601/ A consideration of table 2 shows that the ; : 1 increased output (average landings per year) 200 195? 1238 a8 of the vessels is not merely a result of more Average no. of trips m : eryear . . « « «+ 18 trips and slightly larger crews, but therehas [Average length of been an increase in the efficiency of the ves- verge land cee: 13 a : - verage landings per sels. This is evident from the fact that while ear (1,000 Ibs.) 315.5 the average number of trips increased by [Average crew size 13.4 some 17 percent and average crew size by [Average landings some 13 percent over the four-year period, output per year increased by 95 percent and 1957 through 1960. productivity increased by 67 percent overthe |Source: Information submitted by vessel owners, same period. Thus, not only average land- ings per trip, but the average landings per day and per man have increased absolutely over the period. It is doubtful whether the resource will sustain this increasing rate of productivity, but it is not possible to say precisely what effect the intensified fishing effort will have. A logi- cal conclusion is that productivity will drop in the face of a large expansion in fishing effort, since this is a fishery much dependent upon successful recruitment, and in similar fisheries, (e.g., haddock and ocean perch) intensified fishing effort has been accompanied by lowered productivity.6/ FURTHER EXPANSION OF THE OFFSHORE FLEET The growth of the Canadian scallop industry was given further impetus with the passage by the Canadian Parliament in September, 1961 of ''The Ship Construction Assistance Regu- lations.'"/ This legislation, as later amended8/, provides for Federal subsidies of 40 percent of the cost of constructing wooden fishing vessels over 100 gross tons, and 50 percent of the cost of constructing steel fishing vessels of 75 feet or more in length. The pertinent provi- sions are as follows: 5. (1) A subsidy, in respect of the construction in Canada of any eligible ship, may be paid in an amount not exceeding (a) forty percent of the approved cost incurred for work performed under a contract between May 12,1961, and March 31, 1963; and (b) thirty-five percent of the approved cost incurred for work performed under a contract after March 31, 1963. 5/The term "productivity per vessel" will be used to denote average number of pounds landed per trip, based upon the operation of the vessel for the year, The term "output" will be used to designate total pounds landed per vessel during the year. 6/This proved to be the case in 1962, when landings, which had been at very high levels in the first six months of the year, dropped in the last half of the year due to a decline in the available stocks on Georges Bank. 7/P. C. 1961-1290, September 8, 1961. Canada Gazette Part II, Vol. 95, No. 397. 8/P, C. 1962-1122, August 8, 1962. Canada Gazette Part II, Vol. 96, No. 297. 14 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 7 (2) A subsidy in respect of the construction in Canada of a fishing trawler to be operated out of a port in any of the Provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island or Quebec may be paid in an amount not ex- ceeding fifty percent of the approved cost incurred for work performed under a contract after May 12, 1961. ! Section 2 (f) defines ''eligible ship'' as ''...a ship that is intended for use in commercial en- terprise and that is (i) a self-propelled vessel of one hundred tons gross tonnage or over; or (ii) a tug of fifty tons gross tonnage or over; or (iii) a vessel, not self-propelled, of two hundred tons gross tonnage or over." Section 2 (g) defines ''fishing trawler''9/ as "|, .a fishing vessel that has a steel hull of not less than seventy-five feet in length and that uses an otter trawl or a similar device." A number of features of this legislation are worth noting. First of all, it is aimed pri- marily at assistance in constructing ships for the maritime fleet. The provisions relating to other types of vessels are, then, Secondary to this object. Secondary or not, however, the 40- percent grant, retroactive to May 12, 1961, has spurred an unprecedented rate of construc- tion of scallopers in Nova Scotia. Secondly, to be eligible for the subsidy, a ship must be one hundred gross tons or over. Thus, this assistance has been of prime benefit to the offshore scallop fleet, and the vessels built and planned under the new Act are all over 90 feet in length and over 100 gross tons in tonnage. Third, the Act provides that one condition to the granting of the subsidy is that the vessel be maintained on Canadian registry for five years, during which time the owner may not sell or transfer the ship without the consent of the Canadian Maritime Commission. It further provides that the Commission may refuse its consent unless the shipowner agrees to refund "an amount equal to the product obtained by multiplying the amount of the subsidy received by the fraction of the five-year period that the vessel will not be maintained on Canadian reg- TERRES ol Gon W One further point shouldbe noted. The Act defines ''shipowner" as ''. . .aCanadian citizen, right of any Province... .. (Emphasis added.) Thus, it is possible that non-Canadians can take advantage of this and other Federal and Provincial subsidies by forming a Canadian or Provincial corporation, and maintaining the ship under Canadian registry for five years. It is not inconceivable, then, that this Act could stimulate the flow of foreign investment funds into the scallop industry of Nova Scotia. FLEET EXPANSION UNDER THE NEW SUBSIDY ACT The scallop industry in Nova Scotia was quick to take advantage of the recent subsidy. In an attempt to discover the amount of construction which the Act had engendered, a staff member from Boston College's Bureau of Business Research made a field trip to Nova Scotia in late January 1962. In the course of this field trip, each of the major scallop producers was interviewed by the staff member, in company with an official of the Canadian Department of Fisheries. With one exception, all of the producers were most cooperative, both in giving their knowledge of the Canadian industry and in supplying the project with detailed information on the operations and finances of their boats. 9/It would appear that Canadian authorities have interpreted the term "trawler" to include "scallopers." July 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 15 All producers stated they were then having scallopers constructed under the provisions of the new Act. It was impossible, however, at that time to document the total number being built or contemplated, although the figures given by the producers indicated that at least 18 new vessels were then under construction or planned for early construction. In June 1962, however, with the cooperation of the Fisherman's Loan Board of Nova Scotia, it was possible to obtain more detailed figures not only on the magnitude of new con- struction, but also on the timing of the expansion. This information is shown in table 3. Table 3 - New Vessel Construction Under P. C. 1961-1290, 1962 and 1963 Number of Scallopers Average Cost 2 conversions 92-100 feet $153,000 92-100 feet 200, 000 1/Minimum number estimated by the Fisherman's Loan Board. Inea. - not available Source: Fisherman's Loan Board of Nova Scotia. One salient fact evidenced by the figures in table 3 is this: Nova Scotia scallop boats will double in number by the end of 1963. Furthermore, the boats added to the fleet will be of such size (92-100 feet) that they are capable of staying on Georges Bank longer and landing larger catches than the smaller New Bedford scallopers. ESTIMATED PRODUCTIVITY AND LANDINGS OF THE NEW SCALLOPERS The new subsidized Canadian boats, by virtue of their subsidy character alone, leaving out any labor advantage or superior built-in productivity they may have by virtue of being new, should be able to outproduce on a dollar-cost basis either other existing Canadian boats or the majority of New Bedford vessels. Put another way, the new Canadian vessels should be able to fish and make money (or take minimum losses) under adverse resource and mar- ket conditions which work serious economic disadvantage for the other vessels in Canada or New Bedford. Though such adverse market conditions may not occur, it should be obvious that mere mention of the possibility points up the advantage of the new Canadian vessels. And it underscores the vital necessity of taking steps to see that such conditions do not occur. CANADIAN SCALLOP LANDINGS IN 1963 The impact of the new boats began to be felt in 1962, when Canadian scallop landings were a record 14 million pounds, an increase of 3.5 million pounds over 1961 landings. It is not possible to state how much of this increase was accounted for by the new boats, since part of the increase is attributable to increased productivity of the boats which were already in the fleet--at least during the first half of the year. However, given the decline in landings for the fleet as a whole in the last half of 1962, it seems evident that had there not been the addition of the new boats to the fleet, 1962 Canadian landings would not have attained such a level, and would probably not have been any greater than in 1961. Because of uncertainty as to the location and size of the scallop resource on Georges Bank, both United States and Canadian biologists are hesitant to predict the availability of scallops in 1963. ‘Indications are that the 1963 class of scallops is not De Vpes ik strong and is about the same strength as the one that entered the fishery in 1962,"'!LO/ If this is the case, it seems probable that total Canadian landings will rise slightly in 1963 due to the increase in fleet size, but that catch per boat will continue the decline begun in the Fall of 1962. On this basis Canadian landings of scallops in 1963 should be in the neighborhood of 16,000,000 pounds. 10/Canadian Fisherman, February 1963, Vol. 50, No. 2, p. 19. 16 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 7 EFFECT OF CANADIAN LANDINGS ON EXPORTS Prior to 1956, the bulk of Canadian scallops were sold domestically, and only some 40 percent were exported to the United States. Since then, however, the scallop industry has be- come primarily an export industry. Table 4 - Canadian Sea Scallop Landings and Exports to the United States, 1951-1962, with Projection for 1963 As table 4 shows, in recent years, ex- ports to the United States have increased to out 1963. On that basis, Canadian exports of 1955 1, 685 679 scallops to the United States in 1963 will be nae ieee nape over 13,000,000 pounds. ioe 12199 aa the point that now some 82 percent of all Landings Beseshis 9 Wo So G6) 2 5 : : Percent of Landings scallops landed in Canada are destined for US (ROOONTESS ee the United States market. This ratio has re- 1963 (est.) | 16,000 13, 120 .0 mained constant since 1960, which means 1962 (P) 13,922 11, 370 27 3 : 1961 10,582 8,653 8 that both the Canadian and United Statesmar- |19¢9 7,737 6, 340 “9 kets for scallops have been expanding since 1959 4,928 3,174 4 that year. It is reasonable to conclude, then, /|1958 3, 332 2,374 +2 says Fab ti 1 Sree a au 1957 3, 331 2,463 9 a is ratio will remain the same throug 1956 2) 577 1,275 5 3 ot od 8 Wi 1951 617 239 This growth in exports of scallops has (est.) - Estimated. greatly expanded the supply in the United (Eb te een States. However, only in one year--1960-- has this had a depressing effect on ex-vessel prices. tistics; 1962, Fishery Market News Service, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Boston, Mass. It is possible that the joint cooperative promotional campaign of the industry and the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries was the major factor in counteracting this price de- pression by expanding the market for scallops and pushing the ex-vessel price back up to profitable levels. In retrospect, the 1960 period of oversupply may have been a blessing in disguise, through the fact that it unequivocally demonstrated that the demand for scallops is strong and they are a highly marketable product. Again in 1962, when, in the face of a great increase in supply (New Bedford landings of 19.3 million pounds plus imports of 11.4 million pounds), ex-vessel prices not only heldfirm, but rose to higher levels than in previous years. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The United States sea scallop industry faces its most severe competition over the next few years. The sourceof this competition is the offshore scallop industry of Canada, centered in Nova Scotia, which, under the stimulus of a Federal construction subsidy of 40 percent of the cost of the vessel, will add some 30 new scallopers to the fleet before the end of 1963. These new boats, all of wooden construction, are between 90 and 100 feet in length, and fish the same scallop grounds--Georges Bank-~as does the United States fleet. Itis most likely that the new vessels accounted for the greater part of the increase of 3.5 million pounds of scal- lops landed in Canada in 1962 over 1961, and that additions to the fleet in 1963 will add atleast an- other 2 million pounds to total landings, so that 1963 landings willbe about 16 million pounds. As a consequence of this increase in Canadian scallop landings, imports to the United States will also increase. In 1960, 1961, and 1962, some 82 percent of scallops landed in Canada have been exported to this country. If this percentage remains the same in 1963-- and there is no reason to expect that it will not--Canadian scallop imports will amount to over 13 million pounds in 1963. The traditional decrease in price associated with increased supply has not taken place for scallops. This is partly due to the increased promotional efforts of the New Bedford in- dustry. Ex-vessel prices have, in fact, risen in the face of the increased supply. \@~-e ~e ~« July 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW ili DEVELOPMENT OF THE JOHN N. COBB PELAGIC TRAWL--A PROGRESS REPORT By Richard L. McNeely* ABSTRACT A large single-boat pelagic trawl utilizing hydrofoil otter boards is under de- velopment by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research Base in Seattle, Wash. The general configuration of the huge gear is based on the theory that a large net traveling at relatively low speed through mid- water or on the surface (fig. 1) would be more effective in capturing large, active fish than a small net towed at high speed. Construction details have primarily re- sulted from direct observation of experimental nets in action by SCUBA-equipped staff members, These observations have allowed a series of modifications to be per- formed, resulting in attainment of a favorable ratio of net size to horsepower require - ments. A mouth opening of approximately 7,200 square feet and a towing speed of 2.5 knots using 350 horsepower has been accomplished. INTRODUCTION Commercial fishermen and marine scientists have in the past often considered improve- ments in the techniques of harvesting stocks of fish known to inhabit midwater. Their interest in mid-depth fishing was accelerated with the introduction of echo-sounding machines which, in addition to registering the depth of water under the vessel, indicated marine life at inter- mediate depths (Alverson and Powell 1955). In recent years a variety of mid-depth fishing trawls have been used experimentally in attempts to efficiently harvest pelagic fishes (Par- stay 959). During early 1961, a program of one-boat midwater trawl development was undertaken by the Bureau's Seattle Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research Base, in cooperation with the Fig. 1 - Float line of giant Cobb Pelagic Trawl skims surface 185 fathoms aft of the research vessel John N. Cobb. *Gear Development Specialist, Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research Base, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Seattle, Wash. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 682 18 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 7 Bureau's Biological Laboratory at Seattle, Wash. A multipurpose gear was envisioned which would be both commercially acceptable by the fishing industry and useful as a pelagic fish sampling device. DESIGN CONCEPTS: The initial concept of a gear capable of this dual operation was that it should be of sufficient size to utilize the maximum horsepower available (350 h.p.) in the Service's research vessel John N. Cobb. Prior experiments aboard the John N. Cobb witha British Columbia herring trawl (Barraclough and Johnson 1955), the Larsson" Phantom" Trawl (Larsson 1962), and other conventional midwater trawls designed and constructed by the Bu- reau indicated that fish could be captured at towing speeds less than two knots. Moreover, direct observations (using SCUBA) and televised observations (Sand 1959) of the reaction of fish to the approach of trawls show that most large pelagic fishes are capable of swimming speeds in excess of that necessary to avoid capture. Thus the capturing gear should be of sufficient size to entrap the fish before it becomes aware of the net. It was reasoned that a four-door otter board and bridle system (fig. 2) would be more effective in opening the mouth of the net than a conventional dual otter board system requiring unusually long bridles and unusually large doors. COBB PELAGIC HYDROFOILS DEPTH-TEMPERAT URE 40 Fathoms SENSING UNIT 10" ALUMINUM FLOATS (41 REQUIRED) cop END (3" NO. 96 NYLON) ELECTRICAL TRAWL CABLE in 4q NO. 15 NYLON (all body meshes) s" = D LIN 6 CHAIN LEA INE LARSSON "PHANTOM TRAWL HYDROFOILS Fig. 2 - Otter board and bridle arrangement used to open the Cobb Pelagic Trawl. GEAR DESIGN EXPERIMENTS In 1960, a partially constructed experimental two-boat surface trawl was obtained from a commercial fisherman who had abandoned pelagic trawling experiments. In early 1961 assembly of the huge net to its original specifications was completed. During this same pe- riod a four-door otter-board system was designed and constructed to provide maximum open- ing and single-boat operation of the gear. A desired performance characteristic of high lift at low speeds of midwater otter boards appeared to be similar to aircraft wing sections used in the 1930's. Therefore, two experimental hydrofoil otter boards constructed of plywood and timbers were fitted with an appropriate bridle system to operate in conjunction with two patented ''Phantom'' trawl otter boards. The gear was then observed in action by SCUBA- equipped divers using a sea Sled (fig. 3). The net was found to have several defects which required extensive modifications to cor- rect. The principal observed defect was excessive slack or ''bagging'' of webbing around the mouth of the net, apparently caused by the box-shaped wingless design of the net. Breast- lines and footrope were found describing near semi-circular parabolic curves when viewed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the net. No provision for displacement of these sec- tions from a straight line had been made. Subsequent to these findings, the net was disas- sembled, redesigned, and rebuilt with long tapering wings, hung in along the corner riblines 13.4 percent. Underwater observation of the redesigned net, named the Cobb Pelagic Trawl July 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 19 Fig. 3 - SCUBA-equipped divers mounted on maneuverable sea sled prepare to examine experimental net in action. (fig. 4), revealed a considerable improvement in performance. Most of the slack webbing had been eliminated, resulting ina more satisfactory ratio of net opening to number of meshes across the mouth. The immediate visible effect was a greater mouth opening and improve- ment of individual mesh openings which ranged in configuration from 60-degree diamonds to 90-degree squares. A more equalized distribution of load throughout the net was observed. Correction of an insufficient vertical opening was achieved by installation of 2-inch chain for the lead line and increasing the number of floats on the headrope. OTTER BOARDS: The attempt to provide horizontal spread of the net through use of large hydrofoil otter doors in conjunction with ''Phantom'' trawl otter boards has been suc- cessful. A measured opening of 80 feet horizontally and 90 feet vertically (7,200 sq. ft.) has been achieved during trials. The plywood doors which measure 8 feet 2 inches in height and 5 feet in length, have a blunt nose and proportionately thick chord section (fig. 5). It was necessary to provide sufficient holes on the back (curved) side of the doors to allow rapid flooding and spilling of water from each of the hollow compartments during setting and re- trieving operations (fig. 6). A metal shoe was placed on the lower side of each door to pro- vide weight for stabilization and to allow use of the doors in future bottom trawling or near bottom pelagic trawling experiments. Observed performance characteristics of the doors 20 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 7 NOTE: ALL FOUR SIDES IDENTICAL MATERIALS: WINGS-— ay No. 15 Continous filament nylon BODY— at" No. 15 Continous filament nylon INTERMEDIATE-— 44 No. 15 Continous filament nylon COD END- 34 No. 96 Continous filament nylon HEAD ROPE—l68'x Braided nylon LEAD LINE—168'x 2" Galvanized chain BREAST LINES—168'x§ Braided nylon RIBLINES— Dual #' nylon rope.(249' from wing tip through cod end-all four corners) DANDYLINES— Two 10-fathom sections q wire rope Two 20-fathom sections # wire rope Two30-fathom sections" wire rope Two 40-fathom sections$ wire rope OTTER BOARDS-— Two 5'X8' ‘COBB" hydrofoil ty Two Larsson Phantom’ traw! doors FLOATS-— 41 “Philtips" aluminum traw! floats 2 No.75 “Norly” pneumatic floats Fig. 4 - Cobb Pelagic Trawl. July 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 21 4, ecoemss gy wed <7 oe Or ¢ a ’ SSeS SSeS OOO SSS SSeS See i et ¢ er i eho ott Irae ip Wehr tal Fs 20 ee abe esa oes niga 7 ‘st j iS eee Ss = Gi 5) Le t Ui (en a ey ( 7S 7 7 ay coo See EEG Ey =ocoea er —-—-p----se---5 < \ 2 a) ie) qi V it oy [ey er---3<-----K----- 2? | ' 1 1 Ie hw \ \ r a (2) BIOTIN SOT tm) i 1 s ¢ ry <4 ~ -,----- a a Pa ar | ie; a (Ch) ( Co As Nef ee ee eo we a ae ee = aaron eo 1 ' ' ' 1 ' ~ aes ee TOU eT sere) sree na a a ee eee al aaa oat as ae Lee ee iS =o 6 woop 5 ceeotec py —aets « | ! ! ! ! | ' lace ws oo ———— 4 — 4 || jy he ' S Fig. 5 - Prototype Cobb Pelagic Otter Board (1961). showed them to be very stable, even when sets were made in cross currents. No tendency for the doors to cross was observed. Since both sides of the doors were covered with a ply- wood skin, no deflection vanes were needed to insure proper setting. The doors responded effectually to changes in bridle chain lengths which allowed manipulation of angle of attack for maximum spread. Changes in differential lengths of the trace chains at the rear of the doors provided control of rising or diving in the water. This function was useful during tests of the gear rigged to fish on the surface. l \ FOUR-DOOR HOOKUP: Use of Lars- son ''Phantom" trawl doors in conjunction with the larger plywood doors presented initial problems in hookup. The Larsson doors were later found easier to set and retrieve when placed ahead of the plywood doors. Positioning of the larger doors on the upper bridle section and the Larsson doors on the lower bridle section was found desirable since a part of the function of the upper doors in a four-door arrangement is to counteract their own weight and diving effect of the lower doors, thereby stabiliz- ing the depth of the net. Use of the gear on the surface after use at depths of 150 to 200 fathoms re- sulted in a change in the attitude of the = ; See ee = plywood doors due to their becoming water Fig. 6 - Numerous holes (drilled on curved side only) allow rapid flood- logged. Prior to mid-depth tows, surface ing and drainage of inner compartments, 22 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 7 tows could be made using 150 fathoms of cable. Following the mid-depth tows, attempted sur- face tows using more than 25 fathoms of cable resulted in the net sinking beneath the surface. This observation indicated the advisability of using all metal doors which would maintain a constant attitude at all depths. MODIFICATIONS IN 1962: Inearly 1962, the Cobb Pelagic Trawl underwent further modi- fications in design to improve operational characteristics. The redesigned net, ''Cobb Pelag- ic Trawl--Mark Two'' (fig. 7) incorporated the following changes: (1) Reduction of mesh size to SYMETRICAL ABOUT ALL SIDES ARE EQUAL CENTER LINE ; /MATERIALS: | WEBBING- KNOTTED, CONTINOUS | FILAMENT NYLON ‘ LEAD LINE- 140'X/{ GALVANIZED CHAIN FLOAT LINE, BREAST LINES, AND CORNER RIB LINES—# BRAIDED NYLON “CRISS-CROSS” RIB LINES— 4 BRAIDED NYLON | (OTTER BOARDS, DANDYLINES AND FLOATS | ARE SAME AS USED ON MARK ONE NET) Fig. 7 - Cobb Pelagic Trawl--Mark Two (1962). July 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 23 3 inches (stretched measure) inthe body of the net to eliminate at least part of a serious gilling problem (fig. 8) encountered with the original model; (2) reduction of length and horizontal size of the net to compensate for increased sz 1 5 ss drag of smaller meshes; (3) elimination of 4 ‘ | Hee multiple tapers along the corners by using | § a straight-line taper from wing tip to bag; (4) installation of ''criss-cross' riblines for better equalization of strain during in- stances involving unequal lengths of towing warp; (5) use of 6-inch webbing in the wing sections to reduce drag; and (6) extension of the cod-end length to 160 meshes. 5 aa re ALUMINUM HYDROFOIL OTTER BOARDS: Redesign of the large plywood hydrofoils to all aluminum construction was also completed early in 1962. Thenew doors (fig. 9) utilize the same basic char- acteristics of air foil cross-section with vertical size (8 feet) larger than the fore- aft dimension (5 feet). To develop vertical stability, seventy-two 33-inch glass ball floats were placed in the upper two rib chambers of each door. Each glass ball was covered with heavy webbing and packed in fiberglass to prevent damage during use of the doors. UNDERWATER OBSERVATIONS, 1962: Following construction of a new Mark II-- Cobb Pelagic Trawl and modification of ex- isting gear to Mark II design in early 1962, the trawl, equipped with aluminum hydro- foils and Larsson''Phantom'' trawl doors, was again observed in action by SCUBA-equip- ped divers. With the exception of moderately excess strain noted in the wing tips, the net ap- peared to be fully expanded and exhibited the characteristics of a semi-elastic body being in- flated by an internal force similar to the manner in which air inflates an airport wind sock. This condition extended throughout the net from the wings to the "bitter end'' of the cod end. A near circular cross-section shape was noted. Meshes from the wings through the cod end were examined by sight and feel to gain knowledge of strain distribution. The amount of strain on individual meshes in all but the forward sections of the wings was found to be small even in areas adjacent to riblines. The slight increase in strain in wing meshes was attributed to a greater amount of stretch in ribline in this area due to the concentration of total load at the four wing tips. A further improvement in net performance is expected when corner riblines are rehung using an incremental hang-in ranging from apron ately 15 percent at the wing tips to approximately 10 percent at the cod end junction.= ae Pes DPE Fig. 8 - Mackerel and dogfish shark, gilled in intermediate section of trawl, suggest reduction in size of meshes. Observations of the new aluminum hydrofoils from shipboard (fig. 10) and below water showed them to be very stable and responsive to adjustments in bridle and trace chains. Through manipulation of chain linkage it was possible to tow the net on the surface 185 fath- oms behind the vessel. MEASUREMENTS NET SIZE MEASUREMENTS: Direct measurement of horizontal opening was accom- plished using two auxiliary launches between which a tight line was suspended in the air over wing-tip mounted buoys. Wing-tip mounted buoys are shown in figure 1. 1/In other gear experiments conducted during 1961 and 1962 involving use of a giant, small-mesh fyke net to strain the total discharge of water from hydro-electric turbines, the author has found incremental hang-in to be a distinct advantage to counter distortion of meshes near the mouth of the net. 24 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 7 Two + AIR-VENT HOLES TO BE DRILLED AT TOP : OF EACH COMPARTMENT — ON CURVED SIDE ONLY “ (16 REQUIRED) SS 72 WEB-COVERED 34. i Shrimp catch - 3 ¢ 5 if scale Bodega Bay 5 miles _l of S/ Z M/V Alaska Cruise 63-A-2, Area B-2. 9.29 C. (48.69 F.). Surface temperatures averaged 11.101: (52.09 F.): AREA B-1: A total of 18 tows were made from Bruhel Point to Mistake Point in 40 to 90 fathoms without locating shrimp in com- mercial quantities. The only shrimp con- centration found was off Cape Vizcaino in57 fathoms. The best tow in that area yielded barely 100 pounds -per-hour. Heads-on counts ranged from 246 to 108 per pound, averaging 140, About 45 percent of the catch consisted of 1-year-old shrimp; the remainder was made up of 2-year-olds. This year's school is smaller than that found in 1962, which also was not of commercial size. Bottom temperatures averaged 8.2° C. (46.8° F.) and surface temperatures 11.89 C. (S3520 GES): AREA B-2: Thirty 20-minute tows in the area between Bodega Head and Stewarts Point in 41 to 75 fathoms failed to locate Vol. 25, No. 7 shrimp in quantity. The best catch whichwas taken in 48 fathoms off Horseshoe Point a- mounted to only 6 pounds. A few shrimp were taken in most drags from the Russian River to Horseshoe Point in around 50 fathoms, but never in quantity. Forty-two percent of the shrimp caught were 1-year-olds and 58 percent were 2-year- olds. The offspring of the 1962 population of 1-year-olds will not be available until 1964. Bottom temperatures averaged 8.6° C. (47.5° F.), and surface temperatures 11.2°9C. (GA622) lats)e Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1963 p. 20. 2 OK OK OK OK TRAW LING GROUNDS SOUGHT IN OFFSHORE WATERS: M/V "N.B. Scofield” Cruise 63-S-2 (March the California Department of Fish and Game research vessel N. B. Scofield in Santa Bar- bara Channel and offshore from San Luis Obispo Bay were to: (1) explore offshore areas for trawling grounds, and (2) make biological surveys of representative ecological areas. Bottom trawling stations were sought in depths of 20, 50, 100, 250, and 500 fathoms. Midwater trawling was also planned at each stations. All tows were for 30 minutes. Dur- ing the cruise, fish and invertebrates were identified, enumerated, and measured. Sam- ples of unidentified or unusual specimens were saved for scientists. SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL: In this area, trawling stations were located on the following two transects: Gaviota to Santa Rosa Island Transect (Bottom Trawling): Eight bottom stations were occupied at depths of about 50, 100, 230, and 300 fathoms. At the 50-fathom depth, Pacific sanddabs (Citharichthys sordidus), English sole (Parophrys vetulus), ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei), and northern midshipmen (Porichthys notatus) were most abundant. Small stripe- tail rockfish (Sebastodes saxicola), a small splitnose rockfish (Sebastodes diploproa), Pacific hake (Merluccius productus), anda slender sole (Lyopsetta exilis) were taken at 100 fathoms. Dover sole (Microstomus pa- ificus), Pacific hake, filetail cat shark (Par- maturus xaniurus), and rattails (Coryphaeno- ididae) were caught in the 230-fathom tow. Extremely soft mud was found at 310 fathoms, July 1963 however, filetail cat sharks, California smoothtongue (Leuroglossus stilbius) and unidentified gastropods were taken at that depth. (Midwater Trawling): Six stations at the middle depth were occupied on this transect. No fish were caught in four tows halfway to the bottom in 50 and 100 fathoms of water. Midwater trawling in the two deeper areas yielded lanternfish (Myctophidae), dogfish (Squalus acanthias), California smoothtongue, ribbonfish (Trachipterus altivelis), and juve- nile rockfish. Point Conception to San Miguel Island Transect (Bottom Trawling): Five bottom stations were completed in this transect at 50, 70, 120, and 250 fathoms. Ratfish and northern midshipmen were abundant at 50 fathoms; small rockfish and ratfish were taken at 70 fathoms; rex sole (Glyptocephalus zachirus) and small rockfish were present at 120 fathoms; and Dover sole, Pacific hake, rattails, shortspined channel rockfish (Seb- astodes alascanus), andaurora rockfish (Seb- astodes aurora) were taken at 250 fathoms. Scouting for several hours with an echo- sounder failed to indicate suitable bottom for trawling at depths beyond 250 fathoms. (Midwater Trawling): were made at approximately the same loca- tions as the bottom-trawl stations. Post- larval Pacific sanddabs, speckled sanddabs (Citharichthys stigmaeus), and Dover sole were taken in quantity in the midwater tows in 50 and 100 fathoms of water. At the deeper levels lanternfish and argentinids predom- inated in the midwater catch. SAN LUIS OBISPO BAY (Bottom Trawling): Five bottom tows were made in this area at depths of 20, 50, 230 and 300 fathoms. Sand sole (Psettichthys melanostictus) and English sole predominated in the catch at 20 fathoms; Pacific sanddabs, stripetail rockfish and northern midshipmen were abundant at 50 fathoms; dogfish, stripetail rockfish and splitnose rockfish were taken at 100 fathoms; and Dover sole, shortspine channel rockfish and sablefish were abundant at both 230 and 300 fathoms. Considerable good trawling bottom was found at 300 fathoms, but shallower levels lying as a ridge farther offshore were rough. More exploratory work needs to be done in this area. (Midwater Trawling): Four midwater tows were made to coincide with the deeper bottom COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Five midwater hauls 35 stations (no midwater haul was made at 20 fathoms). About 10 pounds of northern an- chovies (Engraulis mordax) made up the entire catch in 50 fathoms of water. Postlarvalsand- dabs, both Pacific and speckled, were abundant in 100 fathoms. Midwater tows at the 2 deeper stations yielded an abundant catch of lantern- fish, other bathypelagic species in smaller quantity, and 3 female Pacific hake (one ripe and two spent). Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1963 p. 23. se skeosle ole te *K ok oe ook ote TRINITY RIVER HATCHERY OPENED: The new and modern Trinity River Hatchery for salmon and steelhead was accepted by the California Department of Fish and Game at 3 a & A nk en ao Scene at Lewiston Dam Fish Facilities as the salmon rise from the fish sweep and come over the waterfall into a special tank. hatchery was built by the U.S. Bureau of Rec- lamation in order to compensate for the loss of the spawning areas which were cut off by the construction of Trinity and Lewiston Dams. The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation will also provide funds to operate the new California hatchery. (News Release, California Depart- ment of Fish and Game.) Cans--Shipments for Fishery Products, January-March 1963 A total of 558,588 base boxes of steel and aluminum was consumed to make cans shipped to fish and shellfish canning plants in Jan- uary-March 1963, a decline of 4.7 percent 36 from the 586,196 base boxes used during the same peri- od in 1962. Most of the decline was due to a smaller pack of tuna in the first part of 1963. Note: Statistics cover all commercial and captive plants known to be producing metal cans. A "base box" is an area 31, 360 square inches, equivalent to 112 sheets 14" x 20" size. Tonnage figures for steel (tinplate) cans are derived by use of the factor 21.8 base boxes per short ton of steel. The use of aluminum cans for packing fishery products is small. Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations TUNA STUDIES: M/V “Charles H. Gilbert'' Cruise 65 (A- pril 17-23 and May 6-20, 1963): This multi- purpose cruise by the Charles H. Gilbert, research vessel of the U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory at Honolulu, was conducted south and west of the Island of Oahu and did not exceed a 45- mile radius from Honolulu. One of the main objectives of the cruise was to compare the feeding behavior of skip- jack when (1) two different species (nehu and tilapia) were used as bait and (2) surface water sprays were used with tilapia as bait. The experiment alternating nehu and tilapia as bait was tried on four different schools of skipjack. None of the skipjack schools were "fast-biting'' in their response to the live bait. The results were preserved on movie film and on an event recorder for further analysis. In other phases of the cruise, 221 blood samples were collected from 6 schools of skipjack for use in subpopulation studies. A total of 69 live tuna (55 skipjack, 7 yellowfin, and 7 little tunny) were captured and deliv- ered ashore for behavior experiments. In addition, methods of using the stern bait tank for transporting live tuna were tested in an attempt to reduce operational costs. Tuna were placed in the stern bait tank on three occasions. Survival from the fishing site to the dock was 93 percent. But problems arose in transferring the fish to the shore holding pools. It seems that the best way to make the transfer is to dipnet the fish out of the bait tank into a transfer tank which can then be immersed in the holding pool to release the fish. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 7 The watch for bird flocks resulted in 39 sightings of which 11 were associated with skipjack schools, 2 with skipjack-yellowfin schools, and 1 with a skipjack-yellowfin-little tunny school. It was not possible to identify the species of fish in the other schools asso- ciated with the bird flocks. The first gill arches of three dolphin (Cor- yphaena hippurus) were frozen for the behavior program. The thermograph and barograph were op- erated continuously whenever the ship was at sea. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, February 1963 p. 22. Federal Aid for Sport Fish and Wildlife Restoration INTERIOR APPORTIONS FUNDS TO STATES: A preliminary distribution of $12,600,000 in Federal-aid funds was made available to the States July 1, 1963, for fish and wildlife restoration projects, Secretary of the Interior Stewart L. Udall announced on May 23. The Secretary said that early distribution was made again this year so as to help the States in better programming of their Federal-aid activities. The balance of the Federal-aid funds will be apportioned during the fall of 1963. For the past five years, wildlife res- toration funds have averaged $14.8 million annually and fish restoration funds approxi- mately $5.3 million each year. Of the $12,600,000 allocated so far this year, $10,200,000 is for wildlife restoration and $2,400,000 for fish projects. Under the Federal-aid programs for restoring fish and wildlife, the States spend their own funds on approved projects and are then reimbursed up to 75 percent of the cost. Federal-aid funds come from an excise tax on sporting arms and ammunition and on fishing rods, reels, creels, and artificial lures. Distribution of the two funds is made on for- mulas based upon the number of paid license holders in a State and on the State area, as prescribed by law. The Federal Fish and Wildlife Restoration programs are adminis- tered by the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Mu Nines YAN 9 July 1963 Great Lakes Fisheries Exploration and Gear Research EXPLORATORY FISHING IN LAKE ERIE: The U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing and gear research vessel Kaho departed Saugatuck, Mich., May 7, 1963, on a cruise to conduct exploratory fishing operations in the United States waters of Lake Erie. The vessel was also scheduled to carry out environmental studies in Lake Erie in cooperation with the Public Health Service of the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. The Bureau's exploratory fishing and gear research vessel, Kaho. The primary purpose of the cruise was to extend seasonal knowledge regarding the geo- graphic location, bathymetric distribution, relative abundance, and availability of various species of fish to standard otter-trawl fishing gear. Echo-sounding equipment was to be used to survey bottom conditions and record fish concentrations. Bathythermograph casts and bottom samples were to be taken at each fishing station. The Kaho carried a 52-foot (head- rope) Gulf of Mexico-type otter trawlto assess the commercial trawling potential at standard stations. The crewof the Kaho also planned to test a 61-foot (headrope) No. 35 Yankee trawl (top half constructed of polypropylene) for its effectiveness in Lake Erie. Mesh-size selec- tivity tests on trawl nets were to be continued in areas of yellow perch concentration. | KE | COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 37 Great Lakes Fishery Investigations LAKE MICHIGAN FISH POPULATION SURVEY: ~ M/V “Cisco” Cruise 2 (April 30-May 14, 1963): To study fish distribution in south- eastern Lake Michigan prior to thermal strat- ification was the primary objective of this cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries research vessel Cisco. Operations were conducted off Saugatuck and Holland, Mich. At the beginning of the cruise, the surface water temperature near shore ranged up to 8° C. (46.49 F.). Surface water became stead- ily colder as the distance from shore increase and at distances more than 5 miles offshore was mostly about 2° C. (35.6° F.). Bathyther- mograph tracings showed slight temperature inversions in some areas. By the end of the cruise, surface water temperatures were 1° to 2° C. (1.89 to 3.6° F.) warmer, but thermal stratification was still not pronounced. Standard tows (10-minute drags of a 3- North Atlantic whiting trawl with a z-inch mesh cod end) were made at 5-fathom interval from 5 to 50 fathoms and at 7 and 12 fathoms. From 2 to 7 tows were made at each depth except 45 and 50 fathoms, where single tows were made. No especially large catches were made. A brief summary of the distribution of the species of fish taken follows: size Bloaters--none shallower than 10 fathoms, few under 20 fathoms; fairly even distribution from 20 to 50 fathoms. The size distribution was similar at different depths, except fora somewhat larger percentage of very large bloaters at 20 and 25 fathoms. Catches at depths less than 30 fathoms were larger near the end of the cruise than at the beginning. Chubs (Coregonus reighardi, C. alpenae, C. zenithicus, and C. kiyi)--too few caught to indicate distribution. Lake herring--apparently uniformly dis- tributed between 5 and 45 fathoms, but average catch only about 2 per tow. Yellow perch--mostly between 5 and 15 fathoms, but a few (1 to 3) in almost every deeper tow out to 45 fathoms. The largest catch was made at 12 fathoms. Alewives--taken at all depths sampled, but generally more abundant in shallower water. They were moving into shallower water as the cruise progressed, andlarge numbers were found at the mouth of the Kalamazoo River. 38 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Smelt--caught at all depths between 5 and 35 fathoms, but were more common at depths shallower than 20 fathoms. Spottail shiners--taken at all shallow depths up to 20 fathoms, but the largest con- centrations were at 12 fathoms. Slimy sculpins--at all depths, but abundant only between 20 and 45 fathoms. Deepwater sculpins--mostly at 45 and 50 fathoms, although a few as shallow as 20 fathoms. Other species--small numbers of trout- perch were caught at 5 to 20 fathoms. A5.4- inch lake trout was caught at 7 fathoms, and another (10.5 inches long) was taken at 15 fathoms. Both were believed to have been. planted in 1962. A total of 5 whitefish were caught between 10 and 15 fathoms; 3 were only about 9 inches long, but 2 were mature. The most unusual catch was a northerncreek chub at 25 fathoms. Blood, eye lenses, and muscle tissue were collected from many of the livelier chubs in the trawl samples for use in electrophoretic and serological studies designed to develop methods to aid in the identification of the various chub species. Half-meter and meter plankton nets of rather large mesh were towed for fish fry at various levels between surface and bottom where water depth ranged from 5 to 50 fath- oms. Tentative identification indicated that few fry other than deepwater sculpins were caught. Those fry (not common at any depth) were scattered at all levels over bottoms of 15 to 50 fathoms, but were somewhat more numerous over bottoms of 40 to 50 fathoms than at other depths. Several deepwater am- phipods (Pontoporeia affinis) and a few opos- sum shrimp (Mysis relicta)--some of the latter extremely small--were taken well off the bottom in bright daylight, in water deeper than 20 fathoms. During Cruise I (April 9-23, 1963), the Cisco carried out current studies in southern Lake Michigan, under contract to the U.S. Public Health Service. Hk ook ok ok ok Vol. 25, No. 7 SEA LAMPREY CONTROL IN LAKE MICHIGAN AND LAKE SUPERIOR: A total of 1,530 spawning sea lampreys had been taken by May 17, 1963, at the 26 electri- cal barriers on United States streams of Lake Superior--a decline of 27 percent from ae: ‘Electromechanical sea lamprey control device. the count at the same barriers on the com- parable date of the previous year. During the past 6 years, from 16 to 41 percent of the annual Lake Superior lamprey escapement was recorded by late May. The lamprey count at the 3 electrical bar- riers on Lake Michigan streams was 3,207 as of May 17. That number represents a 39- percent drop from the count during the com- parable period in 1961. Gulf Exploratory Fishery Program MOTION PICTURE STUDY OF DEEP-WATER SHRIMP BEHAVIOR: A study on the behavior of deep-water royal-red shrimp as it may bear on their capture by commercial trawling gear was July 1963 started in the Gulf of Mexico on May 15,1963, by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel Oregon. The pri- mary tool used in the study was an under- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 39 for shrimp+rawl mechanics studies, (2) initiate mechanical studies of standard shrimp trawls, and (3) conduct a preliminary mechanical evaluation of an experimental shrimp-trawl water motion picture camera system designed| door design. The George M. Bowers operates at the Bureau's Exploratory Fishing and Gear | from the Gulf and South Atlantic Exploration Research Base, Pascagoula, Miss. The camera and its lights were fitted to the head- rope of a conventional shrimp trawl. The cruise was expected to help answer questions such as: (1) Do the royal-red shrimp burrow much of the time or are they free-swimming above the bottom? (2) Are the shrimp more-or-less evenly distributed on known grounds or concentrated in "pockets ''? (3) Can the deep-water shrimp escape fishing trawls more readily than their shallow-water counterparts ? Incentive for the study came primarily from observations of large balls of shrimp antennae in trawls containing few shrimp-- an indication that conventional trawls were not effective. The study took place on grounds off the Mississippi Delta in 200-250 fathoms. The availability of shrimp on those grounds was first discovered in the early 1950's. Bs 9 SBS RS SHRIMP GEAR STUDIES: M/V "George M. Bowers" Cruise 43 (January 9-24, 1963), Cruise 44 (February 5-22, 1963), and Cruise 45 (March 25-May 16, 1963): The objectives of these cruises by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries gear research vessel George M. Bowers were to: (1) field test instruments developed | ar The Bureau's gear research vessel, George M. Bowers. and Gear Research base at Pascagoula, Miss. INSTRUMENTATION: The new measuring devices used included: (1) a sonic distance measuring system employing a wire link be- tween gear and vessel, (2) a bottom-speed indicator, also with wire telemetry, and (3) an angle indicator which records, at the door, the angle of attack and door-leg angle. The sonic distance measuring system uti- lizes transducers mounted immediately be- hind each trawl door to meaure spread anda pair of transducers mounted adjacent to each | other at the center of the headrope to measure vertical opening. The sonic signals between transducers are read as time differences on an oscilloscope. The bottom-speed indicator is a cogged wheel, 24 inches in circumference. Two magnets, mounted on the wheel, activate a Switch adjacent to the wheel. The electrical pulses produced are recorded aboard the ves- sel as a function of time (feet per minute). The unit is secured to the door in a manner that permits it to track in the towing direction, and remain unaffected by door tilt. It serves also as an on-bottom indicator. Performance of the underwater units and telemetry cable at the trawl was observed directly by SCUBA divers. Observations showed that the instrumentation was not af- fecting the normal performance of the gear. GEAR: For the initial tests a 40-foot flat net and 150-pound trawl doors (6 feet by 38 inches) were used. The gear was fished with a single cable and a 20-fathom bridle. MEASUREMENT DATA: Measurements were obtained using 3 scope ratios (5:1, 10:1 and 15:1) and 3 towing speeds (2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 knots). Those were water speeds meas- ured at the vessel. To minimize the effect of water currents, measurements of each vari- able were made in opposite directions. All work was conducted off Panama City Beach, Fla., in a depth of 5 fathoms. 40 The results were as follows: 1. The spread of the gear varied from average of 20 feet to 29.1 feet. 2. The vertical opening ranged from 4 feet to 7 feet and was inversely related to horizontal spread, i.e., as horizontal spread increased, the vertical opening decreased. 3. Total towing load, measured aboard the vessel, ranged from averages of 812 pounds at 13 knots (ground speed) to 1,816 pounds at 2.5 knots. 4. Abnormal current conditions were oc- casionally encountered where ground speed was greatly reduced (to 0.5 knot) although water speed measured at the vessel was nor- mal (2.0 knots). Under those conditions, the horizontal spread was reduced to less than 15 feet, the vertical opening increased to 94 feet, and the total load was reduced to 382 pounds. Data obtained under such conditions were not used in computing the averages re- ported above. Acquisition of mechanics data on standard shrimp trawling gear will continue through the summer of 1963. EXPERIMENTAL TRAWL DOORS: Pre- liminary trials were conducted with a pair of experimental V-design shrimp trawl doors to determine optimum towing point and flo- tation-ballast balance. It has been claimed that the V-design results in (1) greater spreading-drag force ratio, (2) greater stability in setting and towing, and (3)smaller scope ratio requirements. Upon construction of a prototype production model, experiments will be conducted to determine mechanical performance as compared to standard flat” doors. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, December 1962 p. 33 Gulf Fishery Investigations SHRIMP DISTRIBUTION STUDIES: M/V "Gus II Cruise GUS-4 (April 21- May 7, 1963): Catches ranged from poor to only fair during this cruise off the coast of Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas by the chartered vessel Gus III. The vessel (operated by the Galveston Biological Labo- ratory of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Wools 2, INO 7 7 —<————_—_———— = aT LOUISIANA Snows the station pattern for Cruise GUS-4 of the chartered research vessel Gus III, April 21-May 7, 1963. Fisheries) was engaged in a continuing study of the distribution of shrimp in the Gulf of Mexico. Nine statistical areas (10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20) were covered. One 3-hour tow with a 45-foot shrimp trawl was made in each of 3 depth ranges (0-10, 10-20, and over 20 fathoms) in all areas, with brown shrimp predominating in the catch from most areas. White shrimp were scattered and the catch of pink shrimp was very light. Tows off Alabama and Mississippi yielded insignificant results except in the over 20- fathom depth of area 11 where 18 pounds of 15-20 count brown shrimp were taken. The best catches off the Louisiana coast consisted of 14 pounds of 15-20 count brown shrimp from over 20 fathoms in area 13, and 14 pounds of 21-25 count white shrimp from the 0-10 fathom range in area 14. Area 16 yielded 10 pounds of 15-20 count brownshrimp from 10-20 fathoms and 7 pounds of 21-25 count white shrimp from the 0-10 fathom range. The catch was light in area 17. The best catch along the Texas coast was made off Freeport where 22 pounds of 31-40 count brown shrimp were taken in the 10-20 fathom depth of area 18. The catch in other areas off Texas was light. Cruise GUS-5 (May 13-22, 1963): No large concentrations of commercial shrimp were located during this cruise by the Gus III, al- though catches of large brown shrimp were better at 20 fathoms than in the previous month. There were indications that small brown and white shrimp were beginning to move out of the bays. July 1963 A total of 7 statistical areas (13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20) were covered, although 8 stations in the western transects were not fished because of lost trawling gear. At all other stations, one 3-hour tow with a 45-foot shrimp trawl was made. Depths of 0-10, 10-20, and over 20 fathoms were sampled. Area 14 was the most productive, yielding 19 pounds of 15-20 count brown shrimp from over 20 fathoms, 12 pounds of 15-20 count brown shrimp from the 10-20 fathom depth, and 5 pounds of over 68 count brown shrimp from the 0-10 fathom range. In area 18, a catch of 18 pounds of 21-25 count brown shrimp was taken in 10-20 fath- oms, and 10 pounds of 21-25 count white shrimp were caught in the 0-10 fathom depth. Catches in other areas were light and con- sisted mainly of large brown shrimp, although area 17 yielded 10 pounds of over 68 count white shrimp from under 10 fathoms. Notes: (1) Shrimp catches are heads-on weight; shrimp sizes are the number of heads-off shrimp per pound. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1963 p. 31. Industrial Fishery Products U.S. FISH MEAL AND SOLUBLES: Production and Imports, January-March 1963: Based on domestic production and imports, the United States available supply of fish meal for January-March 1963 amounted to 114,276 short tons--40,700 tons (or 55.3 percent) more than during the same period in 1962, Domestic production was 3,002 tons (or 27.8 percent) less, but imports were 43,702 tons (or 69.6 percent) higher than in the same period in 1962, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 41 Total 1962 e « « (Short Tons) . 114,276 |73,576 | 550,640 Available fish meal supply.... Fish Solubles: Domestic production 3/),..... Iceland ts)... So, Africa Republic 6g00000 Other countries.... ee eee eee Total imports. esnenr fish solubles supply . 1/Preliminary. 130,642 2/Included with "other," 3/50-percent solids. Includes production of homogenized condensed fish. The United States supply of fish solubles (including ho- mogenized fish) during January-March 1963 amounted to 5,939 tons--a decrease of 2,562 tons as compared with the same period in 1962, Domestic production and imports dropped 21.0 percent and 48,4 percent, respectively. OK KOK OK U.S. FISH MEAL, OIL, AND SOLUBLES: Production, March 1963: During March 1963, a total of 2,668 tons of fish meal and scrap and 412,000 pounds of marine-animal oils was produced in the United States. Com- pared with March 1962, this was a decrease of 1,577 tons or 37 percent in meal and scrap production, and a decrease of 25,000 pounds or 6percent in oil. Tuna and mackerel meal (1,809 tons) ac- counted for 68 percent of the March 1963 meal and scrap production--a decrease of 787 tons. Oil from tuna and mackerel (337,000 pounds) comprised 82 percent of the March 1963 oil production. A total of 1,490 tons of fish solubles was produced in March 1963--a decrease of 547 Peru continued to lead other countries with shipments of Table 1 - U.S. Production of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles, March 1963 1/ 87,751 tons, with Comparisons ai Mar. Jan.- Mar. Total . S. Supply of Fish Meal and Solubles, January-March 1963 Product = z 7s with Comparisons 1/1963 | 1962 ]1/1963 | 1962 | 19 powo o AGeiene] (SHOGtERONS)lseueeeiepedel sara Jan,.~Mar. Total Fish Meal and Scrap: 4 a ‘ Herring itheretehs = 9 249 5,095 1/1963 | 1962 1962 Menhaden 3/ - - - 207 | 238,680 Sardine, Pacific = = 9 648 702 aikcilenicies (Short Tons) Tuna and mackerel 1,809] 2,596] 5,739] 6,524] 26,559 A p ifi a 2,052| 3,174] 27,297 |Fish Meal and Scrap: Unclassifiedifey-ps-veteachelchateusteueye 859] 1,551 5: 1 | Domestic ance cha otal evevakedeketeteceleleneneteoeelenede 2,668 | 4,245] 7,800|10,802 | 298,333 Menhaden ..... biicteate sirtasle ad az 207 | 238,680 Shellfish, marine-animal meal and scrap 4/ 4/ 4/ 4/ 12,899 Tuna and mackerel, 50.00 t0 one 5,739] 6,524] 26,559 — Isa? Godosondoe O65 eee 2/ 249 5,095 Grand total meal and scrap...... 4l 4l | 4l Al | 311,232 Other jeer escus sete eee | 2,061] 3,822] 27,999 Fishisolublese pene cee nen 1,490 | 2,037| 4,179] 5,486 | 113,238 Homogenized condensed fish ........ 250 100 300 185 11,096 Total production,....... 7,800 |10,802 | 298,333 pia Sa sa al Pear coo ascnnn 2a gt an ene ae ll ee lt renee Ao (he Serer Oil, body: Imports: | Bi Herringys, sfeseyvstoneccictavsnenescene lessee = 8 2/ 54 5,255 Canada... CCC CUTR Aes 42 806 Menhaden 3/ . = c = 194 | 237,815 P aahsne : o *9 Sardine, Pacific . G a o = 148 167 CPU wee ee ew ee eee ee ene 186,249 Tuna and mackerels......0..0004 337| 335 8gi| 909] 5,175 Cutlle go ooboodoodGoD OOS 9,247 Other (including whale). .........- 75 94 287| 303| 7,396 WICENIENY ay sate a paar eS 1,599 TeotaNioil sic vels eis ola elele sualele sels 412 437| 1,168] 1,608 | 255,808 So, Africa Republic. ob bo boo 10,084 T/Preliminary data. ieee 2/Included in "other" or "' po @therycountriesi sane 2,322 Slnctues 2 mall quantity of ead Pet, BE erases Feb 1963, fish oil is shi ds instead of gall Conversion factor, 7.75 pounds equal A te: Be with Febru cil is shown in pounds instead of gallons. Conve: nds equ: Total imports... 2... 2... 252,307 |__tsallon es > — (Table continued on next column) 42 tons or 27 percent as compared with March 1962. The production of homogenized con- densed fish amounted to 250 tons--an in- crease of 150 tons. 2K OK OK OK OF Production, April 1963: During April1963, a total of 6,589,000 pounds of marine-animal oils and 8,102 tons of fish meal and scrap was produced in the United States. Compared with April 1962, this was an increase of 945,000 pounds or 17 percent in oil, and a decrease of 1,257 tons or 13 percent in meal andscrap production. Menhaden oil, amounting to 5,832,000 pounds, accounted for 89 percent of the April 1963 oil production. Compared with April 1962, this was an increase of 1,510,000 pounds. Menhaden meal, amounting to 4,991 tons, accounted for 61 percent of the April meal production--an increase of 933 tons, compared with the same month last year. A total of 2,839 tons of fish solubles was produced in April 1963--a decrease of 416 tons or 13 percent as compared with April 1962. The production of homogenized con- densed fish amounted to 950 tons--a decrease of 100 tons as compared with April 1962. The quantity of fish meal processed dur- ing the first 4 months of 1963 amounted to 15,902 tons--4,259 tons less than the same period of the previous year. Marine-animal oil amounted to 7,757,000 pounds --505,000 pounds greater than the same period of 1962. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 7 Major Indicators for U.S. Supply, April 1963: United States production of fish meal and fish oil in April 1963 was higher by 28.8 percent and 12.1 percent, respectively, as compared with April 1962. Fish solubles pro- duction increased by 32.3 percent. Major Indicators for U.S. Supply of Fish Meal, Solubles, and Oil, April 1963 1963 | 1962 [1961 | 1960 (Short Tons) ..... Item and Period Fish Meal: Production 1/: dW SG 0650000 53,162 32,922 6,179 7,545 Neel ono ns January-March .. Jan.-Dec. prelim. totalsy2//avcsislens Jan.~Dec. final tot. 289,039 311,265 Imports: AHN: 5 olol5.5.0 OO 26,453] 19,317 May 1 aoo 25,269| 24,753 Alp rill Beivelren site areata 19,060 44,333 217,845 January-March .. January-December Fish Solubles: Production 3/: ANG! So b'Gba0OD 24,350] 17,821] 19,549 IMES?'5 0 G0 BO 16,014) 12,667} 7,191 Nore ann . 3,766] 2,539| 7,678 January-March 5,106] 4,926] 4,873 January-December 120,063|109,018 /106,361/176,913 Jan.-Dec. totals 124,334|112,241 Imports: ANS og 6 06566 OO 207 INN Glo 9000-0160 283 220 Asprilieieiratets wees January-March .. Jan,~Dec, totals — Fish Oils: Production: Table 1 - U.S, Production of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles, April 19631/ = with Comparisons january March + Om Cc. . Apr, Jan,-Apr. Total totals 4] P Product ost 1/1963 | 1962 |1/1963 | 1962 | 1962 Jan,.-Dec, final tot. snes - (Short Tons)......... E = Fish Meal and Scrap: Exports: Herning a seniinsiicisvenenesenevckoncacystts c 46 2/ 295 5,095 JUNE We ieicicicclloneuteite Menhaden 3/ eWeisteveneRatenchede 4,991 | 4,058) 4,991 | 4,265 | 238,680 May Sardine; sPacilichusneunevencschevelenchenene o = 9 648 702 pee) mii sues Tuna and mackerel 1,428 | 2,771] 7,167 | 9,295] 26,559 Nora 6 An oda b Unclassified) is)e sieie susie sisielsieiecnis 1,683 | 2,484) 3,735 | 5,658] 27,297 January~March .. Jan,-Dec. totals pi dt 2 2 |20 298,333 s - : HOE! ppb oogdobodgoue 82027 NO SSS ILS 90 161 1/Does not include crab meat, shrimp, and misc. meals. Shellfish, marine-animal meal and scrap 4/ 4/ Al 4l 12,899 2/Preliminary data computed from monthly data. Fish meal production reported currently comprised 90 percent for 1959, 89 percent for 1960, 93 percent for 1961 and 1962. Grand total meal and scrap...... 4/ 4/ Al 4/ | 311,232 3/Includes homogenized fish. = Tebles 4/Preliminary data computed from monthly data. Represents over 95 percent of the total Saehicnhadere 32) 1,836 | 1,020] 84,885 PRINS Menhaden) =?) <7 yFoleicvoleh-Nxi-p-i 27838 2 1, ie ‘ 5/Beginning with March 1963 fish oil is shown in pounds instead of gallons. Conversion Others ietoe ete 1,003 | 2,323) 5,182 | 7,721] 28,353 ~ factor, 7.75 pounds equal 1 gallon 7s c Motaleee or eee aes 2,839 | 3,255] 7,018 | 8,741 | 113,238 Note: Data for 1962 and 1963 are preliminary. Homogenized condensed fish ........ 950 | 1,050} 1,250 | 1,235] 11,096 ehellegate: sieheyen(LsOOO8POUNdS) iy etelanchenet Oil, body: EGAIMNy oopcagubloodoouMDopoode o = 2/ 54 5,255 Fo ES ES Fad oe Menhadena Licrejeierelenetelsie iors 5,832 | 4,322) 5,832 | 4,516 | 237,815 Sardine, Pacific > = = 148 167 Tuna and mackerel. |... 300| 451] 1,181} 1,360| 5,75] | USE OF FISH MEAL AND OIL IN Other (including whale). . 457 871 744 | 1,174 7,396 CATRIEE RATIONS RECOMMENDED: 6,589 | 5,644) 7,757 | 7,252 | 255,808 ae Bn eS ET De Ee . ieee easy estas j ; ai Seldom used in cattle rations in the United 2/lacluded in Yother" or “unclassified. 3 sa small quanti e ing. 5 5 @/Novavallabie(on!s moualy bates fo States, fish meal was for many years an im- lote: Beginning with February 1963, fish oil is shown in pounds instead of gallons. Conversion factor, 7.75 pounds equal S a . so portant ingredient of feed fed cattle in some July 1963 European countries. During World War II, fish meal was the only protein concentrate available in Norway. In that country, fish meal as a protein source plus wood cellulose as the principal source of energy constituted the accepted ration for cattle during the war years. The results obtained with rations of this kind ordinarily have been considered satisfactory by dairymen. When the proposal was made later to export a large part of the fish meal produced in Norway and to import oil seed meals (peanut, cottonseed, linseed, coconut, and safflower meals) for cattle, the dairymen objected because they were con- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW vinced that fish meal is a necessary ingredi- ent of cattle rations. The dairymen's objec- tions were not at all unreasonable in the light of their own experience and some early sci- entific feeding trials with fish meal. More recently, however, when mixtures scientif- ically compounded with either fish meal or oil seed meals were compared in feeding trials, the results obtained with mixtures of both types were about equal, provided digest- ible protein and allowances of energy were equal in both kinds of rations. Taste panel tests of milk from cows fed rations containing up to 30 percent fish meal revealed no off-flavors in the milk. Evidence exists that fish oil when fed to cattle, even at relatively high levels, fails to induce off-flavors in the animal products. Butter from cows that each received 2.3 pounds, daily, of cod liver oil meal contain- ing 0.7 pound of oil did not have any distinct- ly fish flavor, nor was milk quality affected. However, with this relatively large intake of oil the butter produced by the cows was reported to have become soft and oily. The fish oil in the ration is estimated to have been equal to about 25 percent of the total ‘farm animals. 43 feed allowances (10 percent moisture). By contrast, most authorities recommend that poultry and swine be fed no more fish oilthan the equivalent of 1 percent of the ration in- cluding fish oil contained by any fish meal mixed in the ration. Perhaps the most liberal recommendation on record is that not over ils percent of the ration for broiler chickens be fish oil. Fish oil in poultry and swine rations is kept at low levels because experi- ence has shown that too liberal fish oil allow- ances may result in off-flavors in the meat. But it appears that because of the activity of micro-organisms in the first stomach (rumen), of cattle and other ruminants, changes take place in the feed eaten by such animals, and the relation between ingested nutrients and body composition is not as close in cattle as it is in animals with single stomachs such as swine and poultry. On the basis of the European research, it appears that the value of fish oil in cattle nutrition should be carefully investigated. Fats other than fish oil are now fed to many cattle to add to the palatability of the rations, to supply energy economically, and also, under certain conditions to control loss of chopped feed as a dust and to decrease wear on the chopping machinery. When solid fats are used, such fats must be heated prior to being added to the feed material, but fish oil ordinarily can be used without heating, thus contributing to the economy of the operation. In addition, fish oil prices are fully competi- tive with fats now being used in rations fed The studies suggest that re- search on feeding fish oil to cattle, in this country, will demonstrate that such oil can be so used to very good advantage. Experi- ments, already begun in one of the Southern States, have demonstrated that rations con- taining 2.5, 5, and 7.5 percent menhaden oil are acceptable to calves; such rations have caused.no digestive difficulties of any kind. (Technical Advisory Unit, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Boston, Mass.) Irradiation Preservation ARCHITECTURAL STUDIES FOR NEW FISHERY PRODUCTS IRRADIATOR BEGUN: The Atomic Energy Commission has initiated architectural studies ona $600,000 marine products development ir- radiator to be completed in 1964 near the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries 44 Technological Laboratory in Gloucester, Mass. The irradiator will be used in cooperation with the fishing industry to determine and demonstrate the commercial feasibility of irradiation pasteurization of fresh fishery products at the seacoast for transportation and sale in inland areas. It is planned that fish, in large plastic or metal containers passing through the irradiator at the rate of 1,000 pounds per hour, will be placed in re- frigerated trucks and shipped to inland mar- kets. Upon arrival at a local store the grocer will open the large container and display the high quality fresh fish alongside other fresh foods such as meat and poultry. It is felt that housewives who are normally unable to purchase fresh ocean seafoods will welcome the chance to share these delicacies with their neighbors from coastal areas. This new preservation technique has been made possible through research which has shown that fresh seafoods with a normal fresh shelf life of 10 to 12 days, can be kept in excellent condition after irradiation pas - teurization for more than 30 days. This re- sults from the fact that most of the bacteria which normally spoil fish are inactivated by low levels of irradiation, while no noticeable changes take place in the fish. Species of fish and shellfish which have been studied to date include haddock, flounder, halibut, crabs, clams, and shrimp. Marketing EDIBLE FISHERY PRODUCTS MARKETING PROSPECTS, SUMMER 1963: The usual seasonal increase in consump- tion of fishery products began late in the spring of 1963. But for the current year, consumption is expected to average about the same as in the previous year. Per capita consumption of fishery products dur- ing 1962 was estimated at 10.5 pounds, down about 2 percent from 1961. Supplies of edible fishery products during 1963 will probably be heavier than in 1962. Canned fish stocks are more plentiful this year and cold-storage holdings on April 30, 1963, were higher than in the previous year. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Woll, 2D; INO. 7 | Commercial landings, which are already ona seasonal upturn, will reach a peak during June or July. The remainder of 1963 should also see a high level of fishery imports, par- ticularly for shrimp, tuna, canned sardines, and fish blocks. Lower wholesale prices for certain canned fishery products during the first part of 1963 have now been reflected in retail prices. Maine sardines, pink salmon, and tuna are among the canned items affected. Canned fish prices are expected to remain steady during the summer of 1963. This analysis was prepared by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S. Department of the Interior, and published in the Depart- ment of Agriculture's May 1963 issue of The National Food Situation (NFS-104). eOre Muskellunge POPULATION STUDY IN LAKE ST. CLAIR: Muskellunge is a famous Midwestern game fish. The Conservation Department of Michigan State and the Department of Lands and Forests of Ontario, Canada, are making a survey to learn more about the muskellunge catch in Lake St. Clair, one of the Midwest's top ''musky"' fishing waters. It is estimated that upwards of 1,000 ''muskies" are taken each year from Lake St. Clair's heavily-fished waters. There are no signs that the lake's muskellunge population is going down, but neither has any detailed study been made to indicate whether the jumbo-sized fish are in danger of being overharvested. Creel-census slips were mailed to 500 members of the Michigan-Ontario Muskellunge Club who are cooperating in the Lake St. Clair catch study which began in May 1963. The club members--mostly owners of private boats who regularly fish the lake for muskies -- were asked to record the length and weight of their catches, areas where fish were taken, las well as those where they had no success, and other information. Guides and boat-rental operators are also assisting in the project. Ontario and Michigan conservation officers, in their routine patrol- ling, are checking on the percentage of fisher- men having creel-census slips to see how much of the lake's total fishing pressure is being covered by the survey. July 1963 Muskellunge: (A) lateral head view showing half-scaled cheek and opercle; (B) ventral head view showing 18 branchiostegals on the gill-cover, and 9 sensory pores on each lower jaw. The census study will last through early fall 1963, and may be resumed during 1964 in an attempt to come up with a better esti- mate of the annual muskellunge take in Lake St. Clair. Fisheries officials hope to follow through by tagging about 1,000 muskies for additional information. National Aquarium AQUARIUM ADVISORY BOARD RECOMMENDS HAINS POINT SITE: A unanimous recommendation that the National Fisheries Center and Aquarium be located at Hains Point in East Potomac Park, Washington, D.C., has been presented to Sec- retary Stewart L. Udall, U.S. Department of the Interior. The recommendation was made by the National Fisheries Center and Aquarium Advisory Board during their meeting on April 23, 1963. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 45 At the meeting, Congressman Michael J. Kirwan of Ohio--whom Secretary Udall called "father of the project''--made a brief state- ment thanking all who helped with the project concluding with: ''So we are investing $10 million in the scientific education of the youth of our country. The facility will prove to be one of the best things which has come to Washington in years. It will prove itself from every angle, educational, and recrea- tional. And not only that, every cent the Gov- ernment will spend on this aquarium will be repaid to the Government." Secretary Udall who attended the meeting of the Advisory Board emphasized that the new project is "not an aquarium in the same old sense of the word. It will be an institution of science and education to help the people better understand the world of water. It will be an imaginative exhibit which will pay its way and help our understanding aoe as the resource needs of the Nation expand. The Dean of the Institute of Technology of the University of Minnesota, who is Chairman of the Aquarium Advisory Board, cited four reasons for preferring the Hains Point Site: accessibility to deeper water, better aesthetic surroundings, better off-loading facilities for incoming specimens, and finally that it isfar removed from rail and highway traffic vibra- tions which might adversely affect certain research processes. The Advisory Board also recommended that a study team be assembled as soon as possible after July 1, 1963, to go into all Artist's sketch of proposed National Fisheries Center and Aquarium 46 facets of the design and made some basic re- commendations relative to the design. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1963 p. 26. a cs New Jersey FISHERY LANDINGS, 1962: Landings of fish and shellfish at New Jer- sey ports during 1962 totaled 415.7 million pounds with a value of $11.6 million. Com- pared with 1961, this was an increase of 5 percent in volume and value. The catch for industrial use was up 16.9 million pounds, and that for food increased 2.1 million pounds. Landings of menhaden (345 million pounds), used entirely for industrial purposes, ac- counted for 83 percent of the 1962 New Jersey catch. Six species--surf clams, scup(porgy), fluke, whiting, sea bass, and butterfish-- comprised 14 percent. The remaining 3 percent consisted principally of five species-- blue crabs, oysters, cod, hard clams, and bluefish. Scup (porgy) catches (14.7 million pounds) again surged ahead in 1962 due to the addi- tion of six purse-seine vessels to the regular fleet and the great quantity of this species available to the inshore and offshore drag- gers during the spring through fall months. Surf clam meats KS Scup or porgy Fluke Whiting Million 4 pounds 9g 3 Catch of certain fish and shellfish, 1962 and 1961 Sea-bass production by fish-pot operators has been on the downgrade since the mid- 1950's, but the fish showed up in excellent quantities, and the catches were steady throughout the pot-fishing season. As a re- sult, prices held fairly firm. The production of blue crabs more than doubled the 1961 catch. Crabs were abun- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 7 dant in Delaware Bay, and there was a good market for the shellfish in Maryland and Virginia. Again in 1962, surf clams seta new high with a catch of 29.6 million pounds. The record production resulted from the ad- dition of several vessels to the clam fleet, an increase in the number of crewmen to handle clams aboard the vessels, and the con- tinued demand for surf clam products. From 1957 to 1961, lobsters have shown an increase in production, with more vessels being added to the fishery each year. How- ever, there was a Significant drop in the catch during 1962. Ninety percent of the lobsters landed in Jersey was taken by otter trawls. New York FISHERY LANDINGS, 1962: Total landings of fish and shellfish in the Marine District of New York during 1962, ex- clusive of unclassified fish for reduction, amounted to 140.3 million pounds valued at $9.7 million. Compared with 1961, this was an increase of 13 percent in quantity and 6 percent in value. The increase in volume was primarily attributed to greater landings of menhaden, particularly during the latter part of the operating season; and yellowtail flounders. Significant declines occurred in scup (porgy) and fluke. illion ollars 0 Value of New York catch, 1962. As a result of greater availability of fish and increased shore processing facilities, landings of yellowtail flounders were 1.8 mil- lion pounds above the 1961 catch. Landings of scup (porgy) decreased 1.4 million pounds. The decline in fluke landings that began in 1960 continued through 1962. The striped bass catch (608,000 pounds) was back to nearly normal from the record 839,000 pounds taken in 1961, when unusually large runs occurred in October and Novem- ber. The production of fish for animal food July 1963 was not as great as in 1961; however, acon- siderable quantity of sea robins and whiting was used for this purpose. Menhaden Scup or porgy Hard clam meats Yellowtail flounders Whiting Other Million pounds g New York catch, 1962. New York City's Fulton Fish Market con- tinued to be the State's major fishing port. As in past years, the major species landed was scup (porgy), taken during the fall and winter season, and sea scallops. Most of the sea scallops were landed by transient ves- sels from New England and ports of the Middle Atlantic area. Total landings at Ful- ton Market (10.9 million pounds) declined 875,000 pounds below the previous year. Species landed in reduced volume were scup, fluke, whiting, and sea scallops. Bay-scallop production was at a high level, exceeding that of any previous year. Produc- tion was heavy from January through March, and in the fall, but dropped sharply in Dec- ember. North Pacific Exploratory Fishery Program SURVEY OF DEEP-WATER MARINE FAUNA OFF MOUTH OF COLUMBIA RIVER CONTINUED: M/V "Commando" Cruise 7: The tenth in a series of cruises to survey the fauna in 50-850 fathoms southwest of the mouth of the Columbia River was completed on May 17, 1963, by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries chartered research vessel Com- mando. A standard 400-mesh eastern commercial otter trawl with a small-mesh liner was used to sample at stations to a depth of 450 fath- oms. At depths greater than this, a 70-foot balloon shrimp trawl was used. Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) and Dover sole (Microstomus pacificus) were taken at stations from 50 to 450 fathoms. The largest COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 47 catch of sablefish was 800 pounds per hour of trawling at a depth of 350 fathoms; for Dover sole it was 3,200 pounds per hour at the 175- fathom station. Ocean perch (Sebastodes alutus) was taken from 100 fathoms to 225 fathoms. The best catch of 3,500 pounds was made in1l75fathoms. Rexsole, Glypotecphalus zachirus, (700 pounds) were taken at 100 fath- oms, while lesser amounts were caught toa depth of 250 fathoms. At the 750- and 850-fathom stations ap- proximately 350 and 200 pounds of fish and invertebrates, respectively, were taken in the balloon shrimp trawl. In both hauls the major portion of the catches by weight was composed of grenadiers. Several species of fish were also taken at those depths which had not been identified. Adult tanner crabs (Chionoecetes tanneri) were caught at depths from 275 to 450 fath- oms with almost complete separation of the sexes. The largest catch of males occurred at 275 fathoms where 33 crabs weighing 90 pounds were taken in an hour drag. The depth of greatest availability for females was 375 fathoms where 96 crabs weighing 50 pounds were taken in a one-hour drag. Juveniles were caught out to 850 fathoms. A few Dungeness crabs (Cancer magister) and scallops (Patinopecten caurinus) were taken at 50 fathoms and pink shrimp (Pandalus jordani) were encountered in small numbers from 75 to 150 fathoms. Several coonstripe shrimp (Pandalopsis dispar) were caught at 150 fathoms, and 40 specimens of another large shrimp, Pandalopsis ampla, were taken at the deepest station sampled, 850 fathoms. The effectiveness of bottom sampling with the Smith-MacIntyre grab was enhanced by good weather, and 7 grabs were successfully made out to 250 fathoms. This extension of sampling into deeper water provided several additions to the species list. The general availability of epifauna was greatest from 100 to 300 fathoms with echino- derms (starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers) dominating the catches. The sea urchin, Allocentratus fragilis, again appeared infair numbers in the catches over that range. In addition to sampling fauna at each sta- tions, bottom temperatures, salinities, and cores of the substrate were taken at most of the stations. The cores were taken for use 48 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW by personnel from the University of Wash- ington College of Fisheries in their study on heterotrophic marine bacteria. Samples of fauna collected for the Atomic Energy Commission for radiological anal- ysis were delivered to the Laboratory of Radiation Biology, University of Washington. Tanner crabs and English sole were col- lected for the Bureau's Technological and Biological Laboratories in Seattle. Personnel from the Oregon Fish Commis- sion were aboard during part of the cruise to continue tagging of sablefish and Dover sole along the track. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1963 p. 22, and January 1963 p. 42. ANNUAL MEETING OF AMERICAN SOCIETY OF LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY: The American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc., held its twenty-sixth annual meeting at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, on June 13-15, 1963, in conjunction with the Sixth Conference on Great Lakes Research. The program theme of the meeting was to be the aquatic environ- ment with sessions devoted to physical and chemical characteristics, geological and meteorological characteristics, biological integrators, and water resources. Oceanography Tk HK OOK OK 3K NEW DEVICE USED IN MONTHLY TEMPERATURE SURVEY OF MID-ATLANTIC SHELF: A monthly survey of surface water tem- perature fields over the continental shelf of the mid-Atlantic Bight with an airborne in- frared radiometer is the beginning of an ex- panding program of coastal Atlantic oceano- graphy. The routine surveys were initiated in December 1962, by the Sandy Hook (N. J.) Marine Laboratory of the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, U.S. Fish and Wild- life Service, in cooperation with the United States Coast Guard. The survey program was made practicable by the development of an inexpensive (under $2,000) production model infrared radiometer by an engineering company in Stamford, Conn. Fig. 1 - Airborne infrared thermometer and accessory equipment; lower front, infrared optical detector head; upper left, infrared electronic circuity and temperature indicator; below, strip chart recorder; upper right, intervalometer for visual readout timing, clock and voltmeter. The aerial survey is designed to provide near-Simultaneous observations of tempera- ture and water movement over an area of about 16,000 square miles. The temperature data are being collected to help unravel the mysteries of the influence of environmental parameters on the distribution of migratory fishes and seasonal cycles of ocean produc- tivity. Infrared detection of ocean surface tem- peratures was first used by two scientists of the Woods Hole (Mass.) Oceanographic In- stitution in 1953. Ten years of development work produced an infrared radiometer which is compact and completely portable. Because of its simplicity of design and its ruggedness, the instrument lends itself ideally to routine aerial surveys. Fig. 2 - Airborne infrared thermometer and accessory equipment positioned in the light aircraft. The infrared radiometer operates by measuring the changes in electrical resistance of a detector flake which results from heating of the flake by infrared radiation. The signal output is read out on a meter (or strip chart recorder) calibrated in Fahrenheit degrees. The optical system of the instrument is de- signed to pass only wave lengths in the 8-13 July 1963 micron band. This virtually eliminates re- flected radiation and radiation from the at- mosphere itself which are composed mostly of wave lengths outside the 8-13 micronband. Precautions have been taken to minimize or eliminate errors associated with the in- terfering effect of infrared radiated to the radiometer from moisture in the atmosphere. Flights are made only when coastal weather is clear and there is no general precipitation. Readings made in snow flurries, rainsqualls, or fog patches are not used. In light fog or haze, flying altitude is reduced to the mini- mum--about 300 feet. Since the infrared radiometer measures only the microsurface of the sea (the upper few millimeters), conversion factors are worked out for each survey to equate the re- sults with those of conventional methods which usually give average temperatures for about the upper meter of water. This is done by comparing the results with surface tem- peratures recorded by 4 U.S. Coast Guard lightships located on the flight track. Attempts are being made to increase the number of surface checkpoints by obtaining temperature readings from charter fishing craft in the area. Fig. 3 - Infrared detector head and power supply convertor shock- mounted on the aircraft luggage compartment floor. Detector looks vertically through a small hole in the bottom of the fuselage at the ocean's surface, Aircraft for the survey are operated by the U.S. Coast Guard Air Station, Floyd Bennett Field, Brooklyn, N. Y. The monthly survey is made in two 5-hour flights oncon- secutive days, thus providing near-synoptic coverage along the 1,200 miles of flight track. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 49 Plans were under way to expand the tem- perature survey program to cover the Atlantic Continental Shelf from Cape Cod, Mass., to the Florida Keys. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, February 1963 p. 44. Oregon RECORD YEARLING SILVER SALMON RELEASE: Nearly 8.5 million yearling silver salmon were released in Oregon waters by the State's hatchery system during the first part of 1963. Of the total, the Columbia River received 5.7 million of the young silvers, Oregon coastal streams south of the Columbia received some 2.7 million, and for the Willamette River and its tributaries the total was 100,000 fish. The number of yearling silver salmon planted by Oregon increased from 3.8 million in 1960 to 6.7 million in 1961, and to 7.7 mil- lion in 1962. In addition to the yearlings re- leased, large numbers of fingerling silver salmon less than a year old have been planted in Oregon waters. An Oregon Fish Commission representative said that much of the credit for the successful hatchery program must be given to the Oregon food pellet for hatchery fish. It has been ac- claimed in Northwest fish culture circles and is being used by the Washington State Department of Fisheries and the U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. The moist pellet is made from a combination of meals and fishery byproducts from the com- mercial fishing industry. (Oregon Fish Com- mission, May 10, 1963.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1963 p. 37. — Oysters CHLOROPHYLL VALUE TO OYSTER GROWTH STUDIED: At the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory at Oxford, Md., seed oysters were collected from Mulberry Point in Broad Creek for the purpose of studying their growth in different environments. Strings containing a sample of the seed will be sus- pended from a fiberglass raft in a local nat- ural pond. Other strings of seed will be sus- pended at different localities in the Tred 50 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Avon River for growth comparisons. Incon- junction with the growth studies, samples of water collected adjacent to the strings will be analyzed weekly for chlorophyll "a''. The purpose of these samples will be to deter- mine if there is a relation between the a- mount of chlorophyll and oyster growth. Ok KOK OK OYSTER FEEDING TESTS: Plans and preparations were made in April this year at the Bureau's Oxford Lab- oratory for the 1963 field and laboratory shellfish culture studies. Oysters were col- lected for a new feeding experiment which was to be initiated in May. These oysters (2-3 inches long) were to be divided into several groups and placed in the Laboratory's cement tanks. One group was fed continu- ously a supply of Phyladactilum tricornutum. The purpose of this experiment was to deter- mine if supplementary feeding can improve the condition of tank-held oysters. OYSTER MORTALITY STUDY CONTINUES: Sampling of oysters from Marumsco Bar, Pocomoke Sound in Chesapeake Bay, was continued during April by the staff of the Bu- reau's Laboratory at Oxford. Ratio of gapers (dying oysters) and recently dead oysters to live oysters indicated a total March 1963 mortality of 17 percent. Estimation of cryostat sections revealed that only 3 oysters from a total monthly sam- ple of 60 oysters were infected with the MSX disease. This is a significant decrease in MSX incidence compared with the corre- sponding period of 1962. None of the 12 gapers examined were infected with MSxX. However, gapers from the more recent monthly samples as examined by freshsmear, were all found to be infected with Hexamita. All thioglycollate cultures of the total monthly samples were found to be negative for Der- mocystidium. OK Ok kK "CHLORELLA" AIDS GROWTH OF OYSTERS: At the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries Biological Laboratory at Milford, Conn., a test of the food value of 'wild'' Chlorella to oyster spat showed again that spat receiv- ing adequate quantities of Chlorella, as a supplementary food, grow at a rate three Vol. 25, No. 7 times as fast as spat not receiving the Chlorella. However, the three experiments conducted as of April 1963 strongly suggest that the method of supplying Chlorella to the rearing trays has a significant effect on the amount of Chlorella actually received by the tray, which is reflected in the subsequent growth of the spat. For example, when paired trays theoretically receive the same quantity of Chlorella from two different levels of a ver- tical feed line, the spat in the bottom tray invariably grow much faster than those in the top tray. This suggests that the Chlorella is not equally distributed within the vertical feed line but settles toward the bottom. An experiment is in progress to test this pos- sibility. STARFISH CHEMICALS SCREENED FOR TOXICITY: At the Bureau's Laboratory at Milford, 44 compounds were screened in April this year for toxicity to starfish. Although 14 proved to be lethal at 100 parts per million (p. p. m.), none was effective at concentration levels feasible for use in the field. Secondary screening of 8 chemicals, which show prom- ise for control of starfish, to determine pos- sible toxicity to oysters has shown that 2- inch spat can survive exposure to 2 of the compounds at 10 p.p.m. for a period of two weeks although one compound did prevent normal feeding activity. ws Pollution FISH KILLS BY WATER POLLUTION, 1962: More than 7 million fish were killed by water pollution in 1962, according to a re- port issued in May 1963 by the U.S. Public Health Service. The 1962 total does not include a massive single kill of an estimated 37.8 million fish which took place in San Diego Harbor in Au- gust 1962, nor does it include other kills which may have taken place in nonreporting States. Domestic sewage was listed as the most common cause of fish kills accounting for 3.3 million dead fish. Industrial wastes July 1963 These fish, including some trout, were found dead in a Pennsy vania Creek from chemical poisoning. killed more than 1.1 million fish, mining operations accounted for 700,000, and agri- cultural poisons 91,000. In 1961, agricultur- al poisons were the chief cause of fish kills when they accounted for 5.6 million fish. There were two exceptionally large kills reported in 1962. The 37.8 million in San Diego Harbor was the largest single fish kill reported to the U.S. Public Health Service. A large amount of oil, known to be toxic to fish, had been dumped in the coastal waters. The group of dead fish measured 1,000 by 10 feet and averaged 3 feet deep. The other large kill occurred on Septem- ber 20, 1962, when about 3.2 million fishwere killed in the Anacostia River near Washing- ton, D.C. This heavy fish kill was caused by the dumping of about 40 million gallons of raw sewage during construction around the sew- age system. There was a coincidental migra- tion of a large school of branch herring which swam into the discharged sewage. The river mileage affected in the reports for 1962 totaled 1,500 miles. There were also 25 miles of shoreline and 2,600 acres of lakes affected by the reported kills. Puerto Rico NEW TUNA CANNERY ACTIVATED IN APRIL 1963: A new Puerto Rican tuna cannery, located in Mayaguez, was dedicated in March 1963, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 51 and began canning operations early in April. The new plant has 150,000 square feet of space, three packing lines, a can fabricating unit, a fish-meal reduction plant, and a cold-storage warehouse with a capacity of 3,000 tons. When in full production, the new plant is expected to turn out about 150 tons of canned tuna daily and employ about 450 people. The annual payroll is estimated to be about $1 million. Rhode Island FISHERY LANDINGS, 1962: Landings of fish and shellfish at Rhode Island ports during 1962 amounted to 76.5 million pounds valued at $3.5 million. Com- pared with 1961, this was a drop of 7.6 mil- lion pounds, but a gain of $151,000. The catch used for food was up 13 percent; but that for industrial purposes, principally fish meal, dropped 20 percent. During 1962, scup led all edible items with 6.7 million pounds, yellowtail flounders were next with 5.7 million pounds, and butter- fish third with 4.9 million pounds. Whiting, hard clams, blackback flounders, and tuna followed with 4.0, 2.1, 2.0, and 1.1 million pounds, respectively. These seven items comprised 86 percent of the 1962 total edible production. Scup Yellowtail lounders Butterfish Whiting Hard clam meats x Blackback J flounders Tuna Million L pounds 0 1 2 3 rn 5 6 7 Rhode Island landings of certain species, 1962 and 1961. The majority of the 1962 catch was taken by otter trawlers--58.5 million pounds, 77 percent of the year's total. Purse seines took 8.9 million pounds or 12 percent, floating traps were next with 6.3 million pounds or 8 percent, and various other types of gear caught 2.8 million pounds or 3 percent. 52 May landings of 18.7 million pounds were highest--73 percent was used for industrial purposes. June was second with 12.4 million pounds, and October third with 6.9 million pounds. Shrimp UNITED STATES SHRIMP SUPPLY INDICATORS, APRIL 1963: Item and Period | 1963 | 1962 | 1961 1960 1959 | . (1,000 Lbs., Heads-Off)..... Total landings, So. Atl. al Gulf States: Tuas Sears = 11,316] 8,233] 12,427] 14,547 MEN? "6 5°00 '6:0:0'0 0 = 6,151] 5,276] 6,335) 6,885 IN Oo GoD oO OOO 3,900} 3,349] 3,171] 4,728) 3,595 IManchunuew.Wsieuelats 3,570] 3,317] 4,754] 4,099] 2,950 January-February 75910" 7,953) 9,596) 9,186) 7,537 January~December| = /105,500 91,396]141,035 130,660 Quantity canned, Gulf Stetes s/s AMIN Goaooo oo 4,913) 3,438) 6,920] 7,061 Mayetaioctelenoemone 5 1,794} 1,208) 1,461] 2,461 Egret sb Got 0.666 = 12 8) 66 74 March : 6 50 86 35 117 85 January-February 850 733 273 470 407 January~December = 23,210] 14,500] 26,394) 22,659 z FT Frozen inventories (as of end of each mo,) 2/; I PUI BO Gono do a 13,796] 19,416] 15,338] 19,283 WEN, Blog oo 00-00 e 13,904] 24,696] 17,540] 21,137 Atpr1193 Oiemencnencie 3/ | 15,637] 27,492] 20,502 | 23,331 Marchy3 eee) ete \« 4/27,970| 16,607| 31,345] 23,232] 24,893 February 28 ... .|4/28,039] 19,012] 37,612] 29,063] 27,555 January 31 ..... 4/28,487| 21,328| 37,842| 34,332 | 30,858 Janvanyelwenewebene gts ST UBEAES| 40,913] 37 7866 | 32, 844 Imports 5/: JUNE BTM aioietetehtede & 9,397] 8,065] 8,932} 8,300 MEN 6 Grp:o.0)Orolu' 6 a 11,221] 8,278) 9,902] 8,264 {Noy 5 BiG Oh O06, 0 3/ | 10,219) 9,208] 7,733) 9,051 Manchivwemecseebeucile 13,616] 9,658] 10,347| 8,545] 8,492 January-February] 25,239] 23,506] 21,270] 16,253 15, 719 January~Decembe ie 141, 384 B4]126, 268 113, 418 ‘ros, 555 | .(¢/lb., 26-30 Count, Heads-Off)... Ex-vessel price, alls species, So. fil. & Gulf Ports: RGuly ARAN ee 55.8 | 54.6 49.2 AUS bio boo O.0 OO © oo 4 53 ah 64.1 60.7 WENo Goo oo ODO 7 83.7 52.8 62.9 63.3 Noel 55 Dio 0100 6/82-90 | 82.2 55.4 60.6 65.2 Mar chiens ercnelenens 6/85-92 | 80.9 56.0 56.3 67.6 Bebruany <6 1+ 6/84-93 | 78.9 53.5 51.8 69.6 UEUWETAN 55°45 6'0'0 6/82-90 | 76.3 | 52.5 49.4 el | Wholesale price froz. roa (5-lb, pkg.) Chicago, Ill: July eer onenehe ne o WOON ZS | 62 = JUNE Vemoueiolleneieiens a 102-104] 67-72 | 76-77 | 73-74 MERZ) 6io°6 Gu 66080 = 96-103] 67-69 | 74-77 | 70-76 Fora S 5 '5!o bio\o 100-105] 94-97 | 69-70 | 74-75 | 75-82 March 102-106] 94-95 | 69-71 | 65-68 | 81-83 Mebruatryiieiets) eset 102-106] 93-95 | 69-71 | 65-67 | 82-87 January ......- 102-106] 91-94 | 69-71 | 64-66 | 86-88 1/Pounds of headless shrimp determined by multiplying the number of standard cases by 30.3. .The figures in the section (Quantity canned, Gulf States) have been completely revised beginning with Febmary 1963 on the basis of a new conversion factor (formerly 33.0 pounds per case), 2/Raw headless only; excludes breaded, peeled and deveined, etc. 3/Not available. 4/Inventory of Jan. 31, 1963, includes 444,000 pounds; Feb. 28, 1963, includes 957,000 pounds; and Mar, 31, 1963, includes 1,536,000 pounds for firms not reported previ- ously. S/Includes fresh, frozen, canned, dried, and other shrimp products as reported by the Bu- reau of the Census. 6/Range in prices at Tampa, Fla; Morgan City, La., area; Port Isabel and Brownsville, Texas, only. Note: Data for 1963 and 1962 are preliminary. April 1963 data estimated from informa- tion published daily by the New Orleans Fishery Market News Service. To convertshrimp [mts heads-on weight multiply by 1.68. es Powers COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 7 South Atlantic Exploratory Fishery Program EXPLORATORY FISHING FOR COMMERCIAL SPECIES OFF GEORGIA AND FLORIDA: M/V “Silver Bay" Cruise 48 (May 6-19, 1963): The primary objectives of this cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel Silver Bay were to: (1) demonstrate the techniques of bottomfish trawling to interested members of the shrimp fishing industry, and (2) assess the seasonal and geographic availability to otter trawls of food fish species. Fishing was conducted on the Continental Shelf from Jacksonville, Fla., to Savannah, Ga. (Map, page 53.) Industry members interested in rigging their vessels for fish trawling were taken on a 2-day demonstration cruise from Fernan- dina Beach, Florida. A 50/70-foot roller- rigged nylon fish trawl, suitable for use with modern shrimp vessels, was used. It was fished with 8-foot bracket doors, 10-fathom leglines, and standard V/D rig. Fishing depths ranged from 15 to 40 fath- oms and catches ranged up to 4,500 pounds per 60-minute drag. The largest catches per drag of the dominant species were as follows: Vermilion snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens) 2,200 pounds, Scup (Stenotomus chrysops) 2,690 pounds, porgy (Pagrus and Calamus species) 539 pounds, grunt (Haemulon auro- lineatum) 650 pounds, and black sea bass (Centropristes striatus) 110 pounds. Approximately 4,500 pounds of Virginia croakers (Micropogon undulatus), averaging 2 to 3 pounds per fish, were taken in a 1-hour drag 68 miles east of Sapelo Island in 24 fathoms. Hand lines used on rough bottom areas from east of Fernandina Beach, Fla., to east of St. Simons Island, Ga., took snapper and grouper in the 26 to 33 fathoms depth range. The largest catch was 910 pounds. It was taken by 5hand lines fished for 150 minutes, and consisted of 33 red snapper (Lutjanus species) totaling 438 pounds and 21 groupers (Mycteroperca and Epinephelus species) totaling 472 pounds. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1963 p. 41. July 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 53 SOUTH CAROLINA aya y S > g ST SIMONS ST. MARYS Legend: 50/70' fish trawl. Hand line. Light attraction. Fish trap. Areas investigated during Cruise 48 of the M/V Silver Bay (May 6-19, 1963). 54 Sport Fishing OVER 19 MILLION LICENSED SPORT FISHERMEN IN 50 STATES: A total of 19,403,465 persons in 50 States purchased 1 or more sport fishing licenses Summary of the Number of Paid Fishing License Holders, License Sales, andthe Cost to Fishermen in the United States, July 1, 1961 to June 30, 1962 Fishing Licenses, | Gross Cost States Paid Fishing 1 Tags, Permits, To License Holders2/| and StampsIssued}] Fishermen Alabama 413, 159 545,943 |$ 786,820 Alaska 53,583 56,798 343, 156 Arizona 212,266 282, 825 807 , 707 Arkansas 456, 663 456, 663 1, 183,070 California 1,485, 809 3,495,742 6, 247, 472 Colorado 413,525 417, 184 1,501,931 Connecticut 107,545 107,545 414,522 Delaware 11,141 11,141 18, 396 Florida 502, 610 520,927 1,068, 498 Georgia 495, 882 497,281 588, 994 Hawaii 4, 209 4, 209 8, 824 Idaho 239, 374 H 240, 403 1,007, 136 llinois 700, 654 705,777 1, 487,023 Indiana 754, 431 760, 499 1,013, 848 Iowa 414,215 419,528 963,041 Kansas 271, 362 271,776 827, 360 Kentucky 316,090 316,970 1,021,961 Louisiana 223,031 224, 601 272, 429 Maine 229,019 230, 192 758, 381 Maryland 111,741 111,741 339, 390 Massachusetts 183,924 145,903 578, 165 Michigan 927, 627 1,115, 136 2,712,551 Minnesota 1, 287, 947 1, 308, 851 2,494,789 Mississippi 285, 898 292, 138 542,780 Missouri 691,005 884, 766 2,509, 597 Montana 235, 709 231, 138 459, 883 Nebraska 221, 301 221, 301 468,054 Nevada 63,098 72,082 227, 801 New Hampshire 121,192 128, 962 444,981 New Jersey 138,950 215,744 758, 066 INew Mexico 142, 168 144, 856 547,061 INew York 727 , 246 727 , 246 2, 379,985 North Carolina 319, 277 477 , 403 933, 267 North Dakota 72,719 54,270 125,411 Ohio 821, 452 821, 822 1, 683, 303 Oklahoma 462, 695 465, 416 1,036,088 Oregon 436, 407 665, 983 1,577,943 Pennsylvania 602, 323 602, 323 2,013, 633 Rhode Island 15,207 21, 820 51,555 South Carolina 272, 192 303, 274 599, 124 South Dakota 148, 443 152, 301 293, 822 Tennessee 649,743 888, 287 1, 128,527 Texas 832,913 832,913 1,790,763 tah 172,762 185, 636 572,958 Vermont 101,028 102,111 240, 066 irginia 324, 165 508, 395 883, 209 Washington 377, 546 377, 621 1, 639,052 West Virginia 160,051 251, 148 555, 862 |W isconsin 1,060,000 1,071, 469 3,620,729 Wyoming 132, 168 136,554 679, 179 Totals 19, 403, 465 23,084,614 |$54, 163, 163 tetas 1/A paid license holder is one individual regardless of the number of licenses purchased. Data certified by State fish and game departments. INote: Some States require sportsmen to purchase separate licenses, stamps, permits, or tags to fish for different kinds of fish or to fish in different areas. Many States offer trip or short-term licenses good for from 1 to 15 days while other States issue only one license which is legal for all types of fishing. Thus, the total number of paid fishing license holders does not equal the num - ber of total fishing licenses, tags, permits, andstamps issued. Source: Compiled from information furnished by the State fish and game departments. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 7 during 1962, the U.S. Department of the In- terior reported on May 12, 1963. The cost of the permits amounted to $54,163,163. The totals are based on information furnished by State fish and game departments as a basis for distributing Federal aid funds for fish- restoration projects. In 1961, the total li- censed was 19,394,177 and the cost of permits was $52,851,224. Sak, Seen noo n area on the Upper Souris Wildlife Ref- Sports fishing in recreatio uge, North Dakota. Although the number of licensed sport fish- ermen is large, millions of other people go fishing, but are not required to purchase a license. Previous surveys by the U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife indicate there are more than 25 million sport fishermen 12 years or older in the United States. The un- licensed fishermen include most of those who fished in salt water along the coasts, and people who are exempt from license require- ments because of age, veteran's status, or other reasons. Tuna ALBACORE AND BLUEFIN TUNA CATCH FORECAST FOR SOUTHERN AND BAJA CALIFORNIA AREA: In May 1961, the staff of the Tuna Fore- casting Program of the U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, San Diego, Calif., issued its first prediction for the southern California albacore tuna fishery. This forecast, based on average winter coastal temperatures at Scripps Pier, La Jolla, and Balboa, Calif., was limited to a prediction of the total amount of albacore expected to be taken from waters south of the International Border between the United States and Mexico. July 1963 GUADALUPE I. Cross-hatched region delineates the area expected to produce about two-thirds of the total July 1963 albacore catch. Subsequent events proved the estimate to fall well within the limits of accuracy expected. The 1962 forecast included not only a state- ment on how much albacore was expected from the region south of the International Border, but also a prediction of where the onset of the fishery was expected in late June and July. The forecast area of the July al- bacore fishery proved to be good, but the season's estimated total catch south of the border fell far short of that predicted. In addition, a statement was given on the quan- tity of bluefin that would be taken from waters north of the International Border. The a- mount of bluefin taken from those waters was much higher than anticipated. In the 1962 forecast, the prediction was made with the assumption that fishing effort would be substantially the same as in pre- vious years. This assumption proved satis- factory for the albacore fishery. Itis believed that the 1962 albacore catch fell short of the mark predicted because of rapid warming of ocean temperatures in August off Baja Cali- fornia and southern California. Also, an extensive warm temperature anomaly de- veloped in California offshore waters inJuly COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 55 and August, which appeared to cause late in- coming migrants to enter the fishery farther north than usual. This observation was sub- stantiated by the catch of Navy picket vessels from offshore waters for July and August of 1962. Severe economic disturbances confronting the tuna fishing industry this year could re- sult in a substantial reduction in fishing effort. Forecasts are made again this year on the assumption that fishing effort will not deviate to any large extent from that in the past. The region expected to produce the best albacore catches in the month of July is out- lined in the map. This area is determined from April 1962 temperature and salinity data taken over a wide area at a depth of 10 meters. These data are combined to produce a "'catch index.'' The area of optimum catch predicted by the 1963 catch index is situated farther north than last year's and reflects an increase of both temperature and salinity in the region off southern California and Baja California. Sea temperatures off San Juan Seamount and Pt. Conception for the first 15 days of May 1963 were as much as 3° F. warmer than for the same period in 1962. Oceanographic conditions suggest also that albacore catches south of the International Border will be slightly less than the 1945- 1960 average of 15 million pounds. In February 1963, the Bureau's San Diego laboratory reported the occurrence of ab- normally warm water temperatures at coastal stations in the eastern Pacific and that spring heating had appeared to start early. Analyses of historical records maintained by the lab- oratory suggest that early spring heating in the eastern Pacific is accompanied by an early albacore season. The rapid heating that began in early February did not continue, however, and the data available by late April this year was less suggestive of early com- mencement of the fishery. Last year, the fishing effort on bluefin was much higher than at any time in the past (more than 3 times the average for the preceding 10 years). This appears to be a major reason why the catch north of the border was about three times more than predicted. Ocean con- ditions indicate that a substantial bluefinfish- ery could again develop in California waters as it did in 1962. On the basis of fishing effort comparable to years prior to 1962, the staff of the Bureau's Tuna Forecasting Pro- 56 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 7 gram predicts that 7.7 million pounds willbe jane pounds landed from the region north of the Interna- pal Rpeeigeete ers CTEM oo tional Border; however, if bluefin fishing ef- fort continues at the 1962 level, as much as 15-20 million pounds could be landed from that area. The Bureau's research vessel Black Doug- las and California Department of Fish and Game's N.B. Scofield were participating in a joint pre-season albacore -oceanography cruise beginning the latter part of May 1963. These vessels kept the fishing industry ad- 3 ms Jan. Feb. ee Do Le June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. vised of the time and place of the early U.S. production of fish sticks and portions, 1961-1963. catches and also monitored any short-term — changes in environmental conditions observed Table 1 - U.S. Production of Fish Sticks by Months and Type, é January-March 19631/ while they are at sea. (Staff, Tuna Fore- = casting Program, U.S. Bureau of Commer- [Month Cooked | Raw cial Fisheries, Biological Laboratory, San Seo (OOM ILSY) 5 oo Diego.) HEMET Go doooDob ooo DoDD U TheO0 334 ebruary, ives eile oOo ODDO OO 7,776 470 Se ry WETRIN oo foo nD Ooo ooo DOB OO 7,481 365 igus Total Ist Qtr. 19631/......./ 22,557 | 1,169 SCHOOLING BEHAVIOR STUDY: Motalvilsth@trglo6 2s elena 19,423 | 1,203 To study the schooling behavior of juve- |eenotalitto 6 2ieuewee iisusreurcw Wena 66,801 nile and adult tuna was to be the main pur- peseminany: ose of a 90-day cruise in Costa Rican waters : Aeneas a essel ae R te vi the Table 2 - U. S. Production of Fish Sticks by Areas, MA CENSUS) ves ? OOster, 0 January-March 1963 and 1962 U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Bio- logical Laboratory at San Diego. The vessel arrived in Puntarenas, Costa Rica, on March 25, 1963, after completing some studies of sharks and porpoises en route from San Diego. Area 1/1963 2/1962 No. of 1,000 | No, of 1,000 Firms Lbs. | Firms Lbs, Atlantic Coast States ... 22 18,999 22 16,284 Inland & Gulf States .... 5 2,448 6 2,167 Pacific Coast States .... 10 2,279 9 2,175 Costa Rican waters were chosen for the RT asa ee 37 23,726 a7 20/626 survey because they offer a dependable sup- [r7eretiminary- ply of young tuna. Bureau scientists aboard = ; the Red Rooster planned to study juvenile tuna at sea as well as to capture specimens | Table 3- U.S. Production of Fish Sticks by Months, 1959-62 for study in aquariums ashore. The cruise Mone ree [22 | HESS | Bi pLovided) anvoppoxctunity fom work onvexpeci iy af eee rena. .. (1,000 Lbs.)....... ments designed to isolate the stimuli in- January ...... So 65) 30H 6,091 5,511 6,277 volved in tuna, schooling behavior. The mech-| |Pebmeary <- o-/. 7... ih 886) 00 7.080 Oro a ceeee 7,233 | 7,844 | 5,604 5,599 | 4,871 | 4,717 5,129 | 3,707 | 4,407 4,928 | 4,369 | 4,583 3,575 | 3,691 | 3,790 6,927 | 5,013 | 3,879 5,206 | 5,424 | 5,353 6,133 | 6,560 | 5,842 6,288 | 6,281 | 4,831 5,618 | 5,329 | 4,743 69,824 | 65,142 | 60,378 anisms involved in the maintenance of schools of jack mackerel were also to be studied. In addition, since the waters off Costa Rica are heavily fished by commercial tuna vessels, scientists were to observe the re- action of tuna to purse-seine nets. ° ° ° lion pounds during the first quarter of 1963, according to United States Fisheries preliminary data. This was a gain of nearly 15 percent in fish sticks and 31 percent in portions as compared with the FISH STICKS AND PORTIONS same quarter of 1962, The increase was due to a greater production of raw breaded portions (up 4.6 million pounds). PRODUCTION, JANUARY-MARCH 1963: United States production of fish sticks amounted to about Cooked fish sticks (22,6 million pounds) made up 95 per- 23.7 million pounds and that of fish portions was 24,3 mil- cent of the fish stick total. The remaining 5 percent con- July 1963 Table 4- U.S. Production of Fish Portions by Months and Type, January-March 1963 1/ Breaded Un- | Raw Total | breaded| Total Aeetieerst (ls OOOMIED SE) ieiememaieneders (s Tot. 1st Qtr.19631/ 4,069 |19,390 094 [14,795 62,290 4, 3 78,678 1/Preliminary. Table 5 - U.S. Production of Fish Portions by Areas, January-March 1963 and 1962 1/1963 Area 2/1962 No, of | 1,000 | No. of Firms Lbs, | Firms [Atlantic Coast States .... 13,673 24 Inland & Gulf States ..... 9,744 11 Pacific Coast States..... 852 8 Motaliewacerecs. 2 aun 36 24,269 43 1/Preliminary. 2/Revised. Table 6 - U. S. Production of Fish Portions by Months, a 1959-1962 1/1962 | 1961 1960 | 1959 cocoon AMO) It) Co G66 6 WERBEIAT 5 o.oo Oo COO GOOD 5,077} 4,303] 3,632] 2,692 February ...... weeeee.| 6,360] 4,902} 3,502] 3,025 Mar, chile) ens) cacueue aa a 7,036| 5,831] 4,706] 3,225 \April Hithlig pe aR CEN 6,408| 4,484] 3,492] 2,634 May . 90 00 00 Oo O-5 5,818] 3,879 3,253] 2,684 HUM" > bo oocooodoobo DO 5 6,137] 4,039 3,995| 3,247 July ASA C LEER Saree .| 4,679] 3,962] 4,088] 2,227 coDpoOO ODO OO 4,963 3,558] 2,796 PO6o0 O00 5,745 4,631] 3,558 6,759 5,789 5,191 49,381 1/Preliminary. sisted of raw fish sticks. A total of 23.6 million pounds of breaded fish portions (of which 19.4 million pounds were raw) and 810,000 pounds of unbreaded portions were proc- essed during the first quarter of 1963, Plants on the Atlantic Coast produced the bulk of the fish sticks and portions--32,7 million pounds, The Gulf and In- land States produced 12,2 million pounds, and the Pacific Coast States 3.1 million pounds. U. S. Fishing Vessels DOCUMENTATIONS ISSUED AND CANCELLED, APRIL 1963: During April 1963, a total of 71 vessels of 5 net tons and over was issued first documents as fishing craft, as com- pared with 39 in April 1962, There were 56 documents can- celled for fishing vessels in April 1963 as compared with 22 in April 1962. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 57 Table 1 - U.S, Fishing Vessels 1/--Documentations Issued and Cancelled, by Areas, April 1963 with Comparisons Area Apr. Jan.~Apr. | Total (Home Port) [963] 1962 1963] 1962 | 1962 =| prarduaiene (Nutimb 6x) ices sete Issued first documents 2/: NewlEnglandi( ene wit ss oe 3 6 ul 9 28 Middle Atlantic ......... 2 = 4 1 3 (Ghesapeakemeedarciser persis 3 5 ) 12 43 South Atlantic ...... S008 b) 3 18 10 47 Guilty ene eel o00O Da O D0 O° 26 3 66 28] 110 PECIOG so goood ob Oo D OO OS 31 22 47 37} 130 Greatelakesmeuccses og0000 1 = 2 = 5 PuertovRicow, ppscieiee d00 0 5 c > = 2 HOtalem cnet curio ster ey eutenisnteite 71 39 153 97 | 368 [Removed from documentation 3/: INEwaEng landers neneners 14 2 19 8 24 WiddlesAtlanticyciccsrs ence te 6 4 21 19 39 @hesapeakemew mene cucirenencn ene 1 2 6 5 23 SouthvAtlanticwswsrevenedarciencns 5 1 19 15 38 Gull fey eieitens pono oO 5 19 5 42 34} 104 PENS GooonDOOs oa600 8 8 34 BXo) |) abalal Greatlakesievenetcecnelencast eis 2 = 5 8 22 Hawailryen-yeule boDaoDoUdDD al = 1 3 3 = = 1 142 | 365 1/For explanation of footnotes, see table 2. Table 2 - U.S, Fishing Vessels--Documents Issued and Cancelled, by Tonnage Groups, April 1963 Gross Tonnage Issued 2/ | Cancelled 3/ lia 65 o-0:0 (Number) iene ueen: 140 S14 OM ters) TEOTT69 220-229 BOAR) 6b o'0 300-309 c OC 1 ReParnPererar ir eriereren 71 56 430-439 Total 1/Includes both commercial and sport fishing craft. A vessel is defined as a craft of 5 net tons and over. [2/Vessels issued first documents as fishing craft were built: 52 in 1963; 1 in 1962; 3 in 1959; 2 in 1956; 1 in 1953; and 11 prior to 1951. 3/Includes vessels reported lost, abandoned, forfeited, sold alien, etc. Source: Monthly Supplement to Merchant Vessels of the United States, Bureau of Cus- toms, U.S, Treasury Department. “3 =a So 1 =T wo PRRPRPRP NUR InnonwReaA ROK OK OK OK STUDY SHOWS NEED FOR VESSEL MODERNIZATION: A pending Congressional bill (S. 1006, To amend the Act of June 12, 1960, for the cor- rection of inequities in the construction of fishing vessels, and for other purposes ) would extend the life of the Federal Fishing Vessel Construction Differential Subsidy 58 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Wolk. 25, INO. 7 Program from June of 1963 to 1972; extend coverage to the entire commercial fishing fleet; and increase the maximum allowable grant from 335 percent to 55 percent. It also were launched. More than 500 ships now being used on the west coast were constructed before 1920 and approximately 500 have been launched since 1953. The oldest boat in Pacific service would prevent the vessel modernization pro- gram from causing economic hardship ina fishery already operating with an adequate number of efficient vessels and add additional authority for the recapture of a grant when the provisions of the law are violated. In a letter to Senator Warren G. Magnuson, chairman of the Senate Committee on Com- merce, Assistant Secretary of the Interior Frank P. Briggs emphasized the moderniza- tion of foreign fishing fleets and the corre- sponding drop of the United States from sec- ond to fifth place in world fisheries. "The United States fishing industry has long been equipped with outmoded vessels and equipment which are continuing to dete- riorate at an alarming rate,'' Mr. Briggs said. He added that one vessel, still in use, was launched in 1865 and that 35 percent of the Atlantic and Gulf Coast fishing vessels are between 11 and 20 years old. In contrast with this, Secretary Briggs pointed out that ''the vessels of other coun- tries such as Russia and Japan are generally of modern design and construction. This is made possible by the lower costs of con- struction in foreign shipyards and in some cases the foreign governments assist their fishing fleets by paying subsidies. "Large steel fishing vessels can be con- structed in foreign shipyards for as muchas 50 percent less than in domestic shipyards and wooden vessels can be constructed at costs in excess of 334 percent less than in our own domestic yards." A recent study of the age of United States commercial fishing vessels made by the Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, placed the total number of United States fishing vessels of 5 net tons or over at 11,964. Of those, 4,805 are in the Pacific Ocean fisheries (including Hawaii), and 7,159 are operating in the At- lantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and the Great Lakes. The study was based on information obtained by the Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries from Bureau of Customs vessel doc- umentation records. The heyday of Pacific construction was in the 1939-1953 period when 2,500 vessels is a salmon purse seiner of 1891 vintage; a salmon troller dates to 1894. Of the approximately 6,600 craft in the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico fisheries, 1,212 were built before 1940 and only about 2,800 were built during the past decade. The av- erage age of the East Coastfleet is 18 years. One group, the Chesapeake menhaden purse- seiner fleet, has not added any new vessels since 1951. The oldest fishing vessel operating out of an eastern United States port is the 45-foot Virginia, launched as a 2-masted schooner along Fish River, Alabama, in 1865 and con- verted to a commercial fishing craft in 1946. Two clam dredgers, one in New York and one in New Jersey, date to 1872; another New Jersey clammer was launched in 1873. A Gulf Coast shrimp vessel and a New England trawler date to 1874 and 1875; three men- haden vessels built in 1877 are still in ser- vice. The age study showed that the Chesapeake sail-driven oyster dredgers constitute the oldest fleet with an average of 52 years in service. The first one was built in 1881. \ —Q f U.S. Foreign Trade AIRBORNE IMPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS, NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 1962: Airborne fishery imports into the United States showed what was probably a seasonal decline in November and De- cember 1962. In November 1962, airborne imports of shrimp were 43 percent below those in the previous month due mainly to a drop in arrivals from Panama and Vene- zuela, In December 1962, shrimp imports showed some recovery, but air shipments of finfish products fell toa very low level. Raw headless shrimp continued to make up the bulk of the airborne shrimp imports--in November 1962, shipments “restr esac Sihidteecnaz a re —__ aa iS oo July 1963 consisted of 409,296 pounds of fresh or frozen raw headless, 126,103 pounds of frozen peeled and deveined, and 6,502 pounds of unclassified shrimp; in December 1962, shipments consisted of 649,881 pounds of fresh or frozen raw headless, 99,035 pounds of frozen peeled and deveined, and 3,900 pounds of unclassified shrimp. Almost 83 percent of the to- tal airborne shrimp imports in November and December 1962 entered through the U. S. Customs District of Florida. The remainder entered through the Customs Districts of New Orleans (La.), Galveston (Tex.), Laredo (Tex.), Los Angeles (Calif.), and New York City. Airborne imports of shellfish other than shrimp in No- vember 1962 included 21,244 pounds of live spiny lobsters, 70,920 pounds of spiny lobster tails, and 20,188 pounds of unclassified spiny lobster products. In December 1962, air- U. S.4/ Airborne Imports of Fishery Products, 7] January~December 1962 Product and November December Jan,~Dec Origin2/ Qty3 | |Maluet/ Qty.3/}Value4/| Qty.3/ Males ———+ 1,000} US$ |1,000] US$ 1,000 US$ Lbs./ 1,000 | Lbs./ 1,000 Lbs. 1,000 Fish: WETCO good mone od) whee 19.4 0.3) 0.1 964.5) 160.3 FANON Siremeneyetienencgenene se = = =. 25.7 5.7 Rumania . elles) ers 0.6} 4.6 2 = 1.9 15.9 Portugal . coon z = 7 =i 12,1 3.5 Canadabreemcnoneliciencicire 0.8 0.7 = o 22,1 17.6 PERE 6 oO o00 000 = = = 7.8 1.3 Costa Rica........ = = a 2 5.6 0.9 British Honduras ...| 14.8 2.7 5.6 1.2 39.8 8.7 IBEW oo DODO Ooo oD 5.8) 58.7 = 2 13.9] 142.9 DEBI So hon God 0.2 0.8 5 = 1.1 3.3 Other countries .... 0.9 1.3 2.2 0.9 4.0 3.5 Mota fishy. ens. « -| 176.3) 88.2 8.1 2,2 | 1,098.5 363.6 | Shrimp: Guatemala.,...... 31.1 15.9) 29,1 sbr/Ab) 321.9) 164.2 El Salvador .......] 78.3) 45.7 93.0} 60.5 716.5) 447.9 INNCERETIEY 60 Qou0o0 6.5 3.7] 12.2 4.0 | 1,008.6) 343.6 Costa Rica........] 180.5} 89.9/140.6] 67.4 819.9 370.5 Panama..........| 85.8) 50.8/127.8] 85.0 | 1,867.1] 1,055.2 Venezuela ........| 148.4) 86.9 | 346.8) 171.1 | 3,380.1] 1,815.3 mcuadon) ses se a0 = se 2 = 12,2 3.4 WIEESISC) o.g/o1010 HO OO = = = be 24.7 9.0) Netherlands Antilles . 5 = = = 3.1 2.7 Hondunashweieelaie ei UnitediStatesmiai eee etae ae 14, 381 ' 9, 823 WestiGermany, rescue) eleneieicente 8, 407 - Bel qitimeyeyso teh tohion oMkeitoeMomreine 3, 302 - INetherlands)iieneieiiemenehenelcnients 4,573 - United Kingdom .........6 Se) = Othericountrieswivsiur.meilskelciieneie 56 506 Total edible and inedible TATINEVO IS WeilsitatelveeroMel sire continued to account for the bulk of Japan's marine oil shipments. The Netherlands was Japan's most important market for whale oil, followed by the United Kingdom and West Ger- many. (United States Embassy, Tokyo, April Ce, LEGso)) ok ook ok ok ook ACTIVITIES OF OVERSEAS FISHERIES ASSOCIATION FOR FY 1963: The Japanese Overseas Fisheries Coopera- tive Association, a Government-sponsored or- ganization, held a general meeting on May 27, 1963, to elect new directors and to discuss business plans for FY 1963 (April 1963-March 1964). Principal activities of the Association are: 1. Preliminary review of foreign offers for joint fishing venture: Reviews offers for joint ventures received from foreign coun- tries and refers proposals with good possi- bilities to Association members. 2. Technical assistance service: Reviews requests for technical assistance received July 1963 Japan (Contd.): from foreign countries and dispatches quali- fied technicians to those countries. As one of the technical assistance projects to be undertaken this year, the Association will dispatch trawl fishery and refrigeration ex- perts to Rumania. 3. Preliminary investigation for overseas investment: The Association is scheduled to conduct investigations in East Africa, pri-~ marily Tanganyika, Zanzibar, and Mozam- bique, with funds provided by the Overseas Investment Basic Research Fund. It plans to dispatch 5 or 6 investigators to those countries on a 40-day trip. 4. Consultant service: Organizes and dispatches qualified groups of consultants to foreign countries upon request by those coun- tries. (Suisan Tsushin, May 28, 1963.) sle se ose ose ook a OK 3k OK OK EXPORT OF FISHING VESSELS SUBJECT OF STUDY: The Japanese Fisheries Agency has begun to review the policy governing exports and leases of Japanese fishing ves= sels to foreign countries. In the past several years, many foreign countries have sought to purchase Japanese fishing vessels, Several joint enterprises between Japanese and foreign firms have also been formed abroad with the result that more and more unlicensed Japanese fishing vessels are leaving Japan to engage in fishing activities in foreign coun= tries. The Fisheries Agency foresees a situation in vessel exports which is likely to create a complicated relationship with Japanese fisheries. The study recently launched by the Agency is evoking much attention in view of the effect it would have on the future Government policy governing Japa= nese overseas fishing activities, particularly joint enter= prises. Exports of Japanese fishing vessels have rapidly in= creased in recent years, due to good Japanese shipbuilding technique and the growing desire among foreign fishing coun~ tries to expand their underdeveloped fisheries, In 1962, a total of 66 Japanese fishing vessels, consisting primarily of tuna vessels and trawlers, were exported principally to South Korea, Ryukyu Islands (Okinawa), Hong Kong, Ivory Coast, South Vietnam, and the Philippines. As of April 30, 1963, the Japanese Government had already approved the ex- port of 27 fishing vessels, Establishment of joint fishing ventures in Africa, south= east Asia, and South America, by leading Japanese fishing firms has been a notable trend, and this is likely to be ac- companied by a parallel increase in the export or lease of Japanese fishing vessels. The Japanese Government holds that, while it agrees that exports and leases of Japanese fishing vessels are to be welcomed from the standpoint of trade liberalization, trade promotion, and assistance to un derdeveloped countries, an unregulated outflow of vessels from Japan could conceivably undermine the interests of the Japanese fishing industry. In other words, the Govern= ment feels that assistance in the development of foreign fisheries will serve to intensify competition in fishing and fish marketing activities and thus adversely affect the Jap~ anese fisheries. Good examples of such possibilities are the export of 5 tuna vessels to South Korea in late 1962 and COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 85 the proposed export of fish=meal factoryships to the Soviet Union. Views held are that employment of Japanese fishing ves- sels at overseas joint companies will eventually create com- plicated problems, There would be no problem if those bas ses were operated primarily by Japanese firms with fishing vessels licensed by the Japanese Government, but the ems ployment of unlicensed vessels at these bases conflicts with the vessel licensing system applicable to Japanese domestic fisheries. So far, the Japanese Government has been regu- lating vessel operations at overseas bases essentially by re= quiring employment of licensed vessels. Actually, there is no legal basis to enforce that regulation, In the export of fishing vessels, the related Government departments, such as the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ministry of In- ternational Trade and Industry, and the Ministry of Trans= portation, approve the application on an individual basis, The study launched by the Fisheries Agency is expected to take several months since the problem of fishing vessel export involves broader problems of international diploma- cy and economics, The Japanese fishing industry is closely watching this study which apparently is intended to establish some sort of regulation to control the export of fishing ves= sels to foreign countries. (Nihon Suisan Shimbun, May 13, 1963.) se gle ole se oe Kook ak Kk OK LICENSING OF TUNA MOTHERSHIPS WITH PORTABLE CATCHER-VESSELS UNDER STUDY: The Japanese distant-water tuna vessel owners are re- ported to have submitted applications to the Fisheries Agency for permission to operate 69 distant-water fishing vessels over 100 gross tons as portable catcher-vessel tuna mother - ships. If the Agency approves the applications, it would mean that vessels under 400 tons gross would be used for that purpose. Due to the hazards in using such small vessels for mothership-type operations, as well as the possibility that such vessels might exceed their authorized crew- carrying capacity since they would be carrying addition- al crew to man the portable vessels, the Fisheries Agen- cy is said to be restudying current licensing requirements for mothership-type operations, with a view toward re- stricting size limits for portable vessels and motherships. At present, there are in operation 25 portable catcher- vessel tuna motherships with a total of 77 portable vessels, and 12 semi-portable catcher-vessel motherships licensed in late 1962 and which are allowed to carry one portable vessel each. The smallest semi-portable catcher-vessel ship is 409 gross tons. Vessels carried by the smaller motherships are commonly referred to as ''semi-portable vessels'' since they are not carried on the deck but are suspended onthe stern of the mothership. Normally, those vessels, upon departing from port, lower the portable ves- sel into the water and either tow it to the fishing grounds or the portable vessel travels to the fishing grounds under its Own power. Since the semi-portable vessel is said to have an oper- ating efficiency equal to 80 percent of a regular tuna catch- er vessel, operation of that type of vessel as a fishing ves- sel contradicts the Agency’s vessel licensing policy where- by no new licenses are granted to fishing vessels entering the tuna fishery. Owners of regular portable catcher-ves- sel tuna motherships are said to be voicing criticism about the operation of semi-portable vessels, which they claim are taking advantage of a loophole in the law. The Fish- eries Agency is reported to be aware of this situation, but is apparently faced with difficulties in determining the minimum size limits that would ensure safe operation of tuna motherships. (Shin Suisan Shimbun Sokuho, May 28, 1963.) ae ch cy oa oa 1K OK Ok OK & 86 Japan (Contd.): SOVIETS CONTRACT TO PURCHASE FIVE TUNA FACTORYSHIPS: ~» The Soviet Union is reported to have sign- -d a contract to purchase five 5,000-ton tuna factoryships from Japan. The contract, which -'was signed in Moscow between the Soviet 4 Government agency and a Japanese shipbuild- ing company, is said to be the first purchase agreement concluded under the second Japan- Soviet trade agreement. The 5 factoryships, to be equipped with freezing and processing facilities, are to be built at a total cost of 6.3 billion yen (US$17.5 million). Under the terms of the contract, the Soviet Union will initially advance 30 percent of the total purchase price and pay the bal- ance in installments over a 5-year period at an interest rate of 4 percent per year. The first vessel is to be delivered to the Soviet Union within 13 months after the contract goes into effect, and the remaining 4 vessels at 3-month intervals thereafter. (Minato Shimbun, May 21; Nihon Keizai Shimbun, May Ti TSS) USE OF MONOFILAMENT NETS INCREASES: The Japanese mothership fishing fleets operating in the northern waters (Okhotsk Sea, Bering Sea, and the North Pacific Ocean) are said to be using more and more monofil- ament nets each year, due to the remarkable improvements being made in that type of gear. In 1962, the Japanese fleets reportedly fished with 40 percent monofilament nets, totaling approximately 22,000 ''tans'' (unit of Japanese gear approximately 150 feet long). This year about the same number of monofilament nets are being used. (Nihon Suisan Shimbun, May is LOGS.) FISHING VESSELS ORDERED FROM JAPAN: A Korean fishing firm is reported to have ordered eleven 130-ton fishing vessels from Japan through a Japanese trading firm. Ne- gotiations for the vessel purchase were started in 1962, but due to difficulties in ob- taining the necessary funds, the Korean firm was unable to conclude the purchase contract until recently. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, May 35 LOG 33) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 7 Libya SURVEY OF FISHERIES RECOMMENDS MODERN FLEET AND SHORE FACILITIES: A fisheries expert, financed by Nationalist China, made a survey of Libyan fisheries dur- ing the latter months of 1962, and has com- pleted a report which for the first time brings together data on the fishing industry. Follow- ing a summary of existing data on fishing areas, fish catch, prices, exports, number of vessels and ports, storage and transport fa- cilities, the expert made 26 suggestions for reorganization of the Ministry of Industry Fisheries Department, improvement of fish- ing methods, equipment and types of vessels needed, marketing, storage and processing facilities, training, etc. The final section of the report proposes the expert's own Five-Year Plan, based ona tentative Government of Libya outline. The plan calls for an increase in the annual fish catch from 2,500 to 15,000 tons, providing 3.3 percent of the protein needs of Libya's population. The 5-year cost would be LE1,100,000 (US$3,080,000) measured against an annual value of increased catch of L£300,000 ($3,640,000), making this a prior- ity project in the over-all Plan from an eco- nomic point of view. The expert's plan would include construc- tion of 20 new vessels in the 30- to 50-ton class, replacing 30 obsolete small private vessels with 20 all-purpose craft, putting engines in 50 small coastal boats, improving the tuna fishery with modern methods and gear, and general improvement of fishing ports, boatyards, canning, refrigeration, and marketing facilities. There are also sections covering sponge and pond fish culture. In 1958, a Food and Agriculture Organiza- tion (FAO) technician wrote a report on Libyan fisheries, andin1959, a United States Fishery Advisor, made a brief survey of fishing in Cyrenaica. In 1961, a German marine biolo- gist spent two months in Libya and made rec- ommendations. Recently, an FAO fisheries advisor to the Ministry of Industry completed a summary of recommendations in these and the Chinese expert's reports. The Libyan Min- istry of Industry is preparing to initiate some of the projects agreed upon. Germany has al- so provided $100,000 in fishing gear and one- year services of a fishing captain to train Libyans. July 1963 Libya (Contd.): In May this year, the Ministry of Industry was seeking engineering services to design a fishing complex in Benghazi, including port, repair, freezing, processing, and marketing facilities in a single location, as a start on the then unapproved Five-Year Plan. (United States Agency for International Development, Tripoli, May 16, 1963.) On May 20, 1963, Libyan newspapers re- ported that the Ministry of Industry had pur- chased a fishing boat to train Libyan fisher - men, and that a fishermen's cooperative had been established in Sabratha and another would soon be established in Misurata. It was also reported that Libya would participate ina fish exhibition to be held in Italy during June 1963. (United States Embassy, Benghazi, May 31, 1963.) L VK JOINT MALAYAN-JAPANESE TUNA COMPANY EXPANDING: A tuna packing company located in Penang and jointly operated by Japanese and Malayan interests, is reported to have placed its op- erations on a profitable basis and to have started a program to expand its canning and freezing facilities. The company did not ex- pect an immediate increase in its canned fish production quota for export to the United States. But since that quota has never been filled, there is room for expansion within existing limits. On the other hand, the man- agement of the Penang tuna plant was opti- mistic over increasing their quota of frozen tuna for transshipment to the United States. (United States Consulate, Penang, May 1, 1963.) Malaya Editor's Note: The jointly-operated firm originally was authorized to pack only canned tuna in oil for export to Europe. In Decem- ber 1961, the Japanese Fisheries Agency au- thorized that company to annually export to the United States 36,000 cases of canned tuna in brine. However, due to the unprofitable nature of the operation, the Malayan cannery temporarily suspended packing tuna in brine until November 1962. In April 1962, the Fish- eries Agency authorized a Japanese fishing company to land 6,000 short tons of fresh tuna at Penang for freezing and transshipment to the United States. At the same time, the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 87 Agency designated both Penang and Singapore as transshipment ports and authorized a com- bined frozen tuna transshipment quota of 4,000 tons for those two ports. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, February 1963 p. 80. Morocco FISHERIES TRENDS, FIRST QUARTER 1963: Moroccan fisheries during the first quarter of 1963 were seasonally slow. Commercial fishing for the canneries had about ended for the 1962/63 season, while catches for the fresh fish market were down because of heavier than usual winter storms. The export trade in canned fish, however, set a new record, with exports of 2,185,000 cases by the end of the first nine months (end- ing February 1963) of the 1962/1963 season (June 1, 1962-May 31, 1963). Increases in exports of canned tuna were primarily re- sponsible for this new record. Sardines also rose Slightly to 1,692,000 cases from 1,677,000 cases. Increased exports to the Soviet Union, Cuba, and Czechoslovakia were responsible for the increase. The Canners Association, meeting on March 22, 1963, in Rabat with the Govern- ment, forecast a production goal of 2,150,000 cases of canned sardines for the 1963/64 sea- son beginning June 1, 1963, with a carryover of 250,000 cases from the previous season. The carryover is a considerable reduction from the season ending May 31, 1962. The Association also recommended Gov- ernment assistance in developing a tuna fish- ing fleet because it appears to offer the only possibility of expansion by the fishing indus- try. (United States Embassy, Rabat, May 17, 1963.) Norway ANTARCTIC WHALING SEASON FAILURE SPURS DEMAND FOR LOWER QUOTA: The whale catch by Norway in the 1962/63 Antarctic pelagic whaling season was the poor est on record (1,380 blue whaleunits), only 32.8 percent of the Norwegian quota under the international agreement. The total yield was 88 Norway (Contd.): 183,345 barrels of whale oil and 41,300 bar- rels of sperm oil. Norway had only 4 ex- peditions in the Antarctic during the 1962/63 season as compared with 7 in the previous season, There have been some predictions in the Norwegian press that with the catch so dras- tically reduced, Norway's once lucrative whaling industry may have to suspend opera- tions entirely. However, Government sources indicate that to protect its existing invest- ment, Norway will continue to send expedi- tions into the Antarctic and will probably ac- cede to a lower quota agreement to prevent further depletion of the Antarctic whale stocks. Japan was the only whaling country that succeeded in filling its quota this past season. A Norwegian delegation left on April 28, 1963, for international negotiations in Mos- cow on inspection of Antarctic whaling ex- peditions. Norway has been pressing for an inspection agreement, and the Soviet Union's sudden decision to reopen the negotiations is regarded as a promising indication that a- greement on inspection may be in sight. Not having filled their own quota this past season, the Soviets may now find it to their advantage to make sure that the other participating countries are not exceeding their quotas. (United States Embassy, Oslo, April30, 1963.) tk OOK Kk Ok Ok CANNED FISH EXPORT TRENDS, 1962 AND FIRST QUARTER 1963: Smoked small sild sardines in oil was Norway’s most important canned fish export in 1962, accounting for 40.4 percent of the quantity and 34.2 percent of the value of to- Table 1 - Norwegian Exports of Canned Fishery Products by Type, January~December 1962 December Jan.-Dec. Product oe Qty. Value Qty. Value Metric|/Kroner|] US$ |Metric|Kroner ] US$ Tons | 1,000 | 1,000] Tons | 1,000 1,000 Smoked brisling in oil,..... 277| 1,849] 259] 5,480) 36,821} 5,150 Smoked brisling in tomato... 55 312 44 808 4,635 648 Smoked small sildin oil .... 692| 2,906 406/ 12,185} 52,300) 7,315 Smoked small sild in tomato , 44 157 22) 1,157) 4,102 574 Unsmoked small sild in oil .. 44 196 27 782 2,589 362 Unsmoked small sild in tomato 4 14 2 117 442 62 /Kippered herring (Kippers) . . 186 772 108] 4,242} 18,362! 2,568 Unsmoked herring in tomato . 8 18 2 110 270 38 Mackerel iaenslohelsyeiaienedor cule 41 194 27 685) 3,219) 450 Roe, unclassified......... 19 82 11} 1,232] 4,476 625 portihenninpir oetweercuers sree 10 45 6 797} 3,413 477 Hishtballsewu.asenchelenedevonetene 36 87 12 572 1,515) 212 @therscanned\fishy yy) sy sesee sere 11 85 12 129 946 132 shellfishteasnteeyaheneteners reine oY) 918 128] 1,839] 19,681) 2,753 4 Otal MevelleneetedeeteieUonelelee 1,517] 7,635 | 1,066} 30,135|152,771] 21,366 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Wo, 2S, IN©s 7 tal exports of canned fishery products, Combined exports of smoked small sild sardines in oil, smoked brisling in oil, and kippered herring accounted for 72.7 percent of the quan- tity and 70.4 percent of the value of Norway’s exports of canned fishery products in 1962, Exports to the United*States accounted for 45,2 percent of the quantity and 49.9 percent of the value of Norway’s to- tal exports of canned fish in 1962, Table 2 - Norwegian Exports of Canned Fishery Products 1/by Country of Destination, January-December 1962 Country December Jan.-Dec. of ll Destination Qty. Value Qty. Value Metric|Kroner| US$ |Metric]Kroner | US$ Tons | 1,000 | 1,000) Tons | 1,000 | 1,000 WENN Bg od Glo. oo oc 0'0.0°0 2 13 2 143 881 123 SwedentgonsspeueieWehohopetce cease 18 123 17 421) 1,984 277 Belgium-Luxembourg...... 45 220 31 682) 3,229 452 Inelandieeemsneneieuedentsenen nonortens 27 86 12 314) 1,137 159 IDET 5.6 OO ODO d 00000 24 103 14 398 1,616 226 INetherlandsi®jepeeai-iemelneiene 24 107 15 195 844 118 United Kingdom.......... 174 903 126} 5,412) 24,802) 3,469 Czechoslovakia......... 6 13 39 5 770) 2,552 357 West Germany... 3... 0» 47 222 31 673) 2,654 371 BastiGermany.yvenevelaleaellev ele 5 = F 1,478 5,072 709 South Africa Republic...... 214 877 123} 1,112) 4,647 650 BECO ooo on OO oD Ob OOO = 2 2 102 384 54 GClanadayeanetenenrencheneneisienteh 37 225 31} 1,192] 6,920 968 Unitedistatesiwen.eneneieusuenelisie 547| 2,903 406] 13,234] 68,765) 9,617 Australiall sen eeieieneteielene 201} 826] 116) 1,746) 7,106) 994 NewsZealandicvencterenensHeasmelinns 40 165 23 251) 1,022 143 Otheri@ountrieshismsvelstaletelals 79 323 45] 1,105 4,279 598 Totaleai ire aderauevesmuose re 1,492] 7,135 Tpeslaaee 137,894|19,285 1/Does not include exports of canned shellfish. 2/Totals are slightly larger than the combined fexpors of canned fish (excluding shellfish) shown in table 1. Note: Norwegian kroner 7.15 equals US$1.00 || According to preliminary data for the first part of 1963, Norwegian exports of canned fishery products up to Febru- ary 16 amounted to 3,063 metric tons, down 15.6 percent from the 3,628 tons shipped out during the same period of 1962, The decline was due mainly to a drop in exports of smoked small sild sardines and kippered herring, but it was offset partly by a modest increase in shipments of smoked brisling, The 1963 Norwegian canning season for kippered herring which began around the first of March was disappointing. Up to March 16, only 70,862 cases had been packed as com- pared with a pack of 163,386 cases in the comparable period of the previous year. (Norwegian Canners Export Journal, April 1963.) sk cle se ole ke ees AS prt) eS INDUSTRY VIEWS ON EFTA TARIFF REDUCTIONS: The President of the Norwegian Federa- tion of Industries, in an address at the Feder- ation's general meeting, took sharp issue with new proposals for reducing European Free Trade Association (EFTA) internal tariffs. In his opinion, it was wrong to concentrate efforts almost exclusively on liquidation of tariffs among the Outer Seven. Many other measures are required to make the EFTA cooperation effective, but the political will to take such steps is lacking. The industry leader noted that Norway has been obliged to alter its timetable for tariff reductions 3 times since the EFTA agreement went into effect 3 years ago. Now, Norway is July 1963 Norway (Contd.): faced with the prospect of an entirely new and greatly accelerated schedule for the re- mainder of the transitional period. Most of the Norwegian home industries, which cater mainly to the domestic market, have vigor- ously protested any move to shorten the orig- inal timetable, and the Federation of Indus- tries has repeatedly expressed its concern about the dangers involved for the Norwegian economy. It is quite obvious, the Federation head declared, that large sections of Norwegian industry need more time to adjust their op- erations before they can benefit from the removal of customs barriers in the other EFTA countries. Too speedy elimination of tariffs, he asserted, would make it impos- sible to offset the loss suffered in the do- mestic market with gains from exports to other EFTA countries. (News of Norway, May 9, 1963.) ay oh Wy Oy oh KOS OK OK OOK NEWEST STERN TRAWLER PLANS SHORT TRIPS: Evidence that the Norwegian fisherman's reluctance to adopt trawl fishing has finally disappeared was seen recently when it was revealed that for 21 jobs available on Nor- way's latest stern trawler, the Tromsdy I, no fewer than 273 applications had been re- ceived. Norway's newest stern trawler, Troms¢y I. The new vessel will operate on the North Norwegian and Barents Sea grounds, landing at Tromsé¢ to three fillet freezing plants, the owners of which are the main shareholders in the new vessel, The vessel is planned to make 6-10 day trips, but she has fuel ca- pacity for 30 days' operation. Her main dimensions are: length over- all 190 feet (160 feet 9 inches between per- pendiculars), breadth molded 32 feet 1 inch, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 89 depth molded to shelterdeck 20 feet 10 inch- es, depth molded to main deck 13 feet 54 inches. The main hold has a capacity of 465 cubic meters, and on trials a speed of slight- ly more than 14 knots was attained. The Tromséy I's main engine is a super- charged Diesel, developing 1,250 hp. at 280 r.p.m., and directly coupled to a controllable pitch propeller. A direct current shaft gener- ator with an output of 225 kilowatts at 330 volts drives the trawl winch. Two auxiliary Diesels, each developing 120hp., are also part of the vessel's equipment. The fish-processing equipment on the main deck includes an automatic fish-washing ma- chine from which the fish is taken by convey- or to the fish hold. The fish hold may be cooled to minus 2° C, (28.4° F.) The crew of 28 will be accommodated in the fo'c'sle and on the main deck. (World Fishing, March 1963.) 1, HK Ok ook ok ok x PRODUCTION, SUPPLY, AND DISPOSITION OF MARINE OILS, 1961-63: Norway’s production of marine oils in 1963 is expected to be substantially below that of 1962 and will amount to less than half the 1961 production, The yield from the 1962/63 whaling season in the Antarctic was about 30,000 metric tons of whale oil--some 55,000 tons below the 1961/1962 season-- and 12,000 tons of sperm oil--about the same as in the 1961/1962 season. The winter herring season, which in one year (1956) produced raw material for more than 100,000 tons of herring oil, this year yielded less than one day’s catch in 1956, and only about 250 tons were delivered to the herring oil industry. The 1963 production of herring oil Table 1 - Norway’s Production of Marine Oils, 1961-1962, and Forecast for 1963 aii Forecast 1963 1962 1961 5.0.0 60 (Metric Tons)..... Items old cleared cod-liver oil. ..| 1/ 5,000 7,000 12,100 Other fish-liver oils....... 1/ 2,400 2,400 2,500 ILerningioilesycmereyeeksicera elim 2/45,000 i 60,000 | 59,000 Motalyfish! O1vlsiis yrelel atemenene 52,400 69,400 73,600 ASURC LEIS Bu oon ction See 2,700 2,400 Hi sheRERTY chelaloto pees 3/12,000 12,668 at aneneme seuss 550 687 560 6° 670110 to razz BIG ei oobhd Sec ein elaue 3/30,000 113,765 850 950 eee cee ew oe eee eee 98,500 |170,769 | 203,943 1/The main 1963 cod fishing season was ended by April with substantially smaller quantities landed than in 1962. 2/Depends largely on supplies of herring from Iceland in the summer of 1963; this fig- ure is therefore very uncertain. |3/Final figures are not expected to show much variation from forecast. 90 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Norway (Contd.): will depend therefore to a large extent on raw material caught off the coast of Iceland during the summer, Table 2 - Norway’s Supply and Distribution of Crude Whale and Herring Oil, 1961-1962, and Forecast for 1963 es Forecast Items 1963 1962 1961 I~ eueisiegevetniculons) ames Supply: BuO, detbenaaal 6 Big 6 6 6 ol8 71,336 | 54,163 | 67,929 Production: Wines: Cl, 5 6.5.6.8 HiGiososaloxore 31,000 | 85,864 | 114,715 Islcrerssheye? (old G G5 G16 bo 6 b.0T6 45,000 | 60,000 59,000 Total production .......|/ 76,000 |145,864 TS} i765) Imports: Witalevoilts. Scweuscoke mel apes = 1,674 79 Henning oilesst saree ier o'6 = 51,858 | 33,677 dotalfimpontsiee ie ees > IL 93,532 | 33,756 Totalasupplys eyes : - 253,559 | 275,400 Disposition: ie | Exports: REUSCH 5 6G So o.0 6 elds 6 i 65,948 67,656 laiier stares) Or) 5 6166/45 Bo obs = 125 398 Motaliexports eee ene = if 66,073 | 68,054 The entire 1962/63 season for whale oil production has been sold at prices substantially above 1961/1962 prices, The last price reported (20,000 tons of whale oil) was B65 (US$182,00) as compared with &36 ($100.80) received for the last 5,000 tons of whale oil of the 1961/62 production sold in October 1962, The supply and distribution of crude whale and herring oil in 1962 was about 8 percent below that for 1961, As of late April this year, Norway’s stocks on hand as of Janu- ary 1, 1963, plus an anticipated supply (exclusive of imports), will be only about 52.1 percent of the supply exclusive of im- ports available in 1962, ok OOK ok Ok ok SEMINAR ON FISHERY ECONOMICS HELD IN BERGEN: A Research Seminar on Fishery Econom- ics was held in Bergen, Norway, January 28- February 22, 19638, under the direction of the Institute of Fisheries Economics of the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration. The first week was devoted to the Role of Economics in Fisheries, the second to the Economy of the Fishing Enter- prises, the third to Fish Processing and Marketing Economics, and the last week to Over-all Aspects and Research Projects. Attendance was intentionally limited, with the participants changing from week to week with the change in the major topics under discussion. Participants and lecturers were present from every segment of the fishing industry. Attendance averaged 30 or more at the various sessions. The countries rep- Vol. 25, No. 7 resented, in addition to Norway, included West Germany, the Netherlands, the United King- dom, France, Iceland, Denmark, Italy (FAO), and the United States. (Regional Fisheries Attache, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, May 15, 1963.) oK OK Kk ok ok PROPOSED INCREASE IN SUBSIDIES TO COD AND HERRING FISHERIES: The Norwegian Parliament has been asked to vote an additional Kr.20 million (US$2,797,000) for state subsidies to the Nor- wegian cod and herring fisheries. This would raise the total 1963 fisheries subsidy to Kr. 83 million ($11,608,000). The proposal grew out of a recent agreement between the Government and the Fishermen's Union. (News of Norway, May 30, 1963.) Panama FISHERIES TRENDS, 1962: Panama’s commercial fishing industry continues to be devoted almost entirely to shrimp operations. There has been a decline in the size of Panama’s fishing fleet, but more modern vessels and improved processing facilities resulted in a record shrimp catch in 1962 which was 9.8 percent greater than in the previous year. Pink shrimp landings were much heavier in 1962 due in large part to the activities of a new United States-French firm in Chiriqui Province. Intensive shrimp fishing was conducted along the entire Pacific Coast of Panama, with the possible exception of the Chiriqui region. Most of Panama’s shrimp production has been absorbed by the export market, In 1962, shrimp exports totaled 10,224,982 pounds valued at US$7,941,140, all of which was shipped to the United States. During 1962, the average number of shrimp vessels op- erating out of Panama was 158, down considerably from the peak of 220 vessels active in 1959. Aside from the shrimp industry, the fisheries of Pana- ma have little commercial significance. Spiny lobster land- ings in Panama during 1962 were estimated at about 100,000 pounds, Panama’s lone fish reduction plant, which is locat- ed at Puerto Caimito, produced 1,887 short tons of fish meal from thread herring and anchoveta in 1962, as com- pared with production of 1,371 tons in the previous year. There are as yet no fishing trawlers operating out of Pana- ma. A certain amount of marketable fish is landed by Pan- Panama’s Shrimp Landings, 1/1960-1962 Landings by Variet White | Pink este ee A spsitc (1), OOOMIED SE) tie kettememohtsinena eiepieMaihel{niisive 4,570.5 | 3,359.6) 4,864.1) 510.3 13,304.5 SeoLoaraia) ond 4,624.9 | 2,585.6] 4,444.4) 461.0 12,115.9 sileiietletienteitents 4,068.1 | 1,845.3] 4,364.7] 324.1 10,602,2 1/Heads-off weight. Source: Department of Fisheries and Related Industries; Ministry of Agriculture, Com- merce, and Industry; Republic of Panama. July 1963 Panama (Contd.): ama’s shrimp vessels, but such supplies are variable and uncertain, In the provinces, efforts have been made to stimulate the use of the seemingly abundant fish resources of the Pacific Coast. The United States Agency for International Develop- ment (AID) and the Cooperative for American Relief Every- where (CARE) have helped to establish a fishing cooperative at Farrillon., AID was to provide a cold-storage, freezing, and drying plant. CARE has provided a refrigerated truck and has helped the villagers to build 12 fishing dories, Out- board motors for the boats were donated by a United States manufacturer. The project was designed to provide the nucleus for a provincial fishing industry and to supplement the protein-deficient diet of the residents of the interior. (United States Embassy, Panama, May 3, 1963.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1960 p. 81, March 1960 p. 75. Peru INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES PRESENTED BY FISH MEAL INDUSTRY: The growth of the fish-meal industry in Peru, particular- ly during the last six years, can only be described as spec- tacular. For this reason, the United States Embassy in Lima undertook a brief study of the needs of the industry for equipment and services; the present sources of those items; and how United States suppliers might capture a larger share of the market. The results of the survey indicate there is a good de= mand for financial and service institutions to provide for the needs of the Peruvian fish-meal industry, Although the possibilities for increased United States exports of proce essing and other equipment is limited, considerable oppor= tunity exists for increased private dollar investment in the industry itself. The fishing industry in Peru has stimulated the establishment and expansion of other industries produce ing equipment and supplies of all kinds for fisheries instal- lations on land and sea, Except, for marine motors and elec= tronic equipment, practically al machines and equipment used for fishing operations and processing are being made in Peru. Practically all Peruvian fish-meal plants are erected by local companies. Three of those companies, all substan= tially Peruvian-owned, have built the majority of the pres= ent installations. While most equipment is manufactured locally, there is an increasing demand for more modern equipment to process certain byproducts, principally stick= water (waste product from the pressing process) and blood, Specific opportunities for the sale of United States products to Peruvian fish meal plant suppliers include the following: Equipment for Recovery of Protein from Stick- water and Blood: Increasing interest is developing for a more economical recovery of byproducts from fish meal plant operations, One United States company is now installing equipment to process stickwater, Ad- ditional opportunity exists in this field and the relat= ed field of recovering valuable fractions from the large quantity of blood lost in fish meal operations in Peru, Electrical Motors and Pumps: At least one large builder of fish meal plants has expressed interest in entering into a licensing and joint venture agreement to produce small electrical motors and pumps for use in the fish meal and other industries in Peru, The coms pany currently is dealing with European interests re garding this plan, but has expressed interest in dis= cussing the project with American parties as well, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 91 Controls and Gauges: At the present time, there is a complete lack of standardization of control mech= anisms and gauges used in the industry, Opportunity exists for a manufacturer to study local conditions with a view to designing such equipment for new plants and to replace existing equipment in plants al-= ready in operation, Surplus Equipment: Infrequent requests are made regarding the possibility of acquiring used fish meal equipment in the United States. The construction of vessels for anchovy fishing is an ime portant industry. During 1962, nearly 500 vessels were built, almost all purse seiners with an average capacity of 90°100 tons of fish. About 25 percent were of steel cons struction, Production in 1963 will be even higher and it is expected that the percentage of steel vessels will increase, Progressively larger vessels with increased range and speed are being built to help cut costs for fish-meal pro= ducers, Several groups have expressed interest in con- verting surplus LST’s to factoryships and one group cur= rently is negotiating in Japan for the construction of a large factoryship. Vessel construction in Peru is accomplished in about 40 small yards, mostly located in the area of Callao, Marine hardware and motors are imported. The United States share of such equipment has been high and should remain so. English marine engines are favored by several of the larger boatyards, About 70 percent of the vessels engaged in the fishing industry are privately-owned and operate under contract with various fish-meal plants. The remaining vessels are owned by the plants themselves and are operated in plant fleets, A recent law requiring all new plants to provide vessels adequate to meet individual plant needs will ine crease the number of vessels to be sold directly to fish- meal plant owners, Among the potential opportunities for United States in= terests in supplying the needs of Peru’s fishing fleet are: (1) The sale of used United States purse seiners in the 200*ton category to fish-meal plant operas tors. In most instances, some arrangement for financing would be necessary. (2) It is estimated that only 3 or 4 of the 40 boat= yards now operating in Peru have competent en= gineering advisers, With growing emphasis on steel vessels of larger dimensions, the possi- bility exists for licensing arrangements and hire ing of competent naval architects, (3) The increasing size of fishing vessels will require the use of heavier and more powerful marine motors, (4) With the construction of larger vessels, there will be more demand for mechanical equipment to handle nets, unloading, and other operations. This field conceivably could offer opportunity for a licensing or joint-venture op= eration, (5) In 1962, over US$2 million were spent by the local industry in replacing Manila purse lines, Considerable opportunity exists for the sale of a satisfactory synthetic substitute (Manila lines have an estimated life of only 2°3 months), It is understood that at least one United States firm is now working on this problem, Increased use of aircraft is being made by the industry to assist fishing operations, Since the majority of boats are owned by private operators and since many of the small companies are unable to afford the purchase of ins 92 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Peru (Contd.): dividual aircraft, some opportunity exists for the formas tion of companies to provide this service to the industry on a contract basis, Outright sale of aircraft also is feasible, although the market is not a large one. In addition to the licensing and joint venture proposals outlined above, continuing opportunity exists for invest= ment and joint-venture opportunities in the fish-meal indus- try itself, Sty ee! Philippine Republic FISHERIES EXPANSION PROJECTS: A bill creating a Fisheries Commission to absorb the Bureau of Fisheries was signed by the President of the Philippines in March 1963. The new law also provided for the es- tablishment of a central fish market as well as regional piers for the distribution and marketing of fish. In addition, it gave polic- ing powers to the Fisheries Commission. Enforcement of fisheries regulations was previously divided between the Bureau of Customs, the Navy, and the Philippine Con- stabulary. The Philippine Emergency Employment Administration and the Fisheries Commis - sion have started a P15 million (about US$3.8 million at the free rate of exchange) project which calls for the construction of 16 fishing ports, 13 refrigeration plants, 51 fresh-water fish farms, and 20 brackish-wa- ter fish nurseries. The project also involves the training of fishermen. The EEA has also allotted P50,000 ($12,788) for the development of oyster farms in Sorsogon Province. (Unit- ed States Embassy, Manila, May 17, 1963.) On April 28, 1963, the United States A- gency for International Development (AID) announced it had approved a local currency 'Cooley'' loan to help establish a fish can- nery in the Philippines. The loan to a new company owned jointly by United States and Philippine interests amounted to P 5,500,000 ($1,410,000). The cannery, which will be built in San Jose, Mindoro, will employ from 250 to 350 shore workers and 400 to 500 fishermen. Expected to be completed in early 1964, the cannery will be equipped for annual produc- tion of about 1,250,000 cases of fish--mainly sardines, mackerel, and anchovies. The new plant will also produce fish meal. A representative of AID stated that a par- ticular need exists for this type of develop- Vole 2a) Nomad ment in the Philippines since the fishing in- dustry has been falling far short of meeting the potential consumption of the country's growing population. The new plant will in- crease the Philippine fish-canning capacity by about 150 percent. The loan will carry an annual interest rate of 74 percent and will be repaid in Philippine pesos in 10 years, in- cluding an 18-month grace period. This is the first ''Cooley'' loan that AID has negoti- ated in the Philippines. (United States Agency for International Development, April 28, 1963.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, February 1963 p. 85, January 1963 p. 112. Poland LANDINGS BY DISTANT-WATER FLEET HIGHER DURING JANUARY-APRIL 1963: Landings by the Polish distant-water fleet are reported to be improving following dis- couraging landings in 1962. Landings during the first 4 months of this year were about 31 percent higher than for the same period in 1962, and results in May were termed gen- erally favorable. The most important dis- tant-water fishing is during the July-October period. However, it was admitted that re- pairs and other preparations for this peak period are badly behind schedule. During the discussion preceding passage by the Polish Sejm of a new law on sea fish- ing, the lack of development and the resulting minor role of fishinthe total food supply and as a source of protein in livestock feed were cited. (Trybuna Ludu, May 21, 22, and 23, 1963.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1963 p. 83. Portugal REJECTION OF CANNED SARDINES BY ITALY AND WEST GERMANY SUBJECT OF INQUIRY: The Portuguese Minister of Economy on April 25, 1963, ordered a full inquiry into the causes of the rejection of Portuguese canned sardines by West Germany and Italy. In connection with the problem, the Mato- sinhos branch of the Portuguese Guild of the Industry of Fish Canning sent a telegram to the Minister of Economy asking that it be July 1963 Portugal (Contd.): — heard during the investigation as it had suf- fered most from the rejection of canned fish. (United States Embassy, Lisbon, May 10, 1963.) Singapore FISHERMEN PROTEST FISHERIES EXPANSION POLICY: On April 19, 1963, the Marine Products Workers' Union charged that the livelihood of 5,000 Singapore fishermen was endangered because the Government was permitting For- mosan fishing vessels to sell their catches in Singapore. In rebuttal, the Government said that Sing- apore-based fishermen supplied only 25 per- cent of the 40,000 metric tons of fish landed in Singapore each year. Because of the need to increase the supply of fish, improve fish- ing techniques, and expand fishing areas, lo- cal fishing companies with Government sup- port had undertaken to improve methods, equipment, and techniques with the help of experts from Hong Kong, and Taiwan. The Taiwanese vessel referred to by the Union had been exploring the fishing grounds in in- ternational waters in Singapore's behalf. The vessel had on board some 60 tons of fish, but landed only 25 tons to test consumer pref- erence. Since more fish were needed and Singapore fishermen did not supply them, the Union had no basis for complaint. (United States Consul, Singapore, April 26, 1963.) Al ( =i 1 i South Africa Republic PILCHARD-MAASBANKER FISHERY, JANUARY 1963: The fish catch off the Cape west coast of South Africa Republic in January 1963 was 44,611 short tons of pilchards, 165 tons maasbanker, and 4,278 tons mackerel. The total catch was 49,054 short tons. This com- pares with 64,388 tons of pilchards, 1,216 tons maasbanker, and6,046 tons mackerel landed in January last year; and with69,879 tons of pilchards, 6,745 tons maasbanker, and 3,821 tons mackerel in January 1961. The January 1963 catch yielded 11,487 short tons of fish meal, 587,726 Imperial COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 93 gallons of fish body oil, 279,864 pounds ofcan- ned pilchards, and 905,280 pounds of canned mackerel. The January 1962 catch yielded 16,163 short tons of fish meal, 967,432 Imperial gallons of fish body oil, 1,052,448 pounds canned pil- chards, 585,168 pounds canned maasbanker, and 1,776,264 pounds canned mackerel. (The South African Shipping News and Fishing In- dustry Review, March 1963.) South-West Africa ae CANNED FISH MARKETING TRENDS, MAY 1963: Walvis Bay fish-canning plants ended the 1962 season with an inventory of about 2 mil- lion cases of canned fish. In addition, mar- keting problems in 1963 will be compounded by the decision of the Philippine Government to bar the sale of canned fish produced in South-West Africa. One of the six firms processing fish in the Walvis Bay area, in order to boost exports, plans to pack a new product--quick frozen, boneless pilchard fil- lets. (United States Consul, Capetown, May 7, 1963.) Rss Surinam FOREIGN TRADE IN FISHERY PRODUCTS, 1961-1962: Imports: Surinam's total imports of fish- ery products were valued at US$776,000 in 1962 and $617,000 in 1961. Exports: Shrimp is Surinam's only impor- tant fishery export item. In 1962, Surinam exported 486 metric tons of shrimp valued at $629,000, up sharply from 1961 when 216 tons of shrimp valued at $233,000 were exported. The United States is the principal buyer of shrimp from Surinam. (United States Consul- ate, Paramaribo, May 11, 1963.) Notes: (1) Surinam guilder 1.87 equals US$1.00. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1962 p. 70. ex N\ — Togo FISHERIES TRENDS, 1962: The only significant development in the Togolese fishing industry was the recent ar- 94 Togo (Contd.): rival of a United States Peace Corps fishing team of 7 volunteers. With a lack of adequate facilities for docking and maintenance of ves- sels, it is difficult for the Togolese fishing industry to operate motor trawlers to com- pete with Soviet, Italian, and Ghanaian trawl- ers operating off the West African coast. The Societe Togolaise des Pecheries Mari- times did operate three chartered Italian trawlers out of Lome in 1958-60, but in1961 based the vessels in the Ivory Coast port of Abidjan because of difficulties in operating trawlers off Togo without a harbor. The Government of West Germany is re- ported to be ready to give aid funds for the purchase of two 35-38 foot vessels as wellas to provide experts in the catching and pre- serving of fish. (United States Embassy, Lome, May 10, 1963.) Pe U.S.S.R. FISHERIES TRENDS, MARCH-APRIL 1963: Sea: a total of 180 to 200 fishing vessels were op- erating in the Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean, including the Gulf of Alaska. Of that number, it was estimated that 130 to 140 craft were in the Gulf of Alaska. This was the largest Soviet fishing effort ever reported in the Gulf of Alaska. Soviet Far Eastern Fishery Catch, Janu- ary~March 1963: Soviet Far Eastern fisher - men caught over 220,000 metric tons of fish and shellfish in the first quarter of 1963, an increase of 7 percent over their catch for the same period in 1962. The gain was made in spite of unusually severe winter weather and heavy ice conditions which hampered off- shore and Bering Sea operations. Soviets Expanding Northwest Atlantic Fish- eries: The Soviet Union is making a major effort to develop new fishing grounds in Davis Strait, which is west of Greenland, and off the Labrador coast. Three large refriger- ated factory trawlers and two research ves- sels operated in the area in February and March 1963. Soviet Tuna Research in Indian Ocean: In mid-April 19638, the Fifth Soviet Tuna Re- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 7 search Expedition returned to Vladivostok from four months of exploration off the Chagos Archipelago in the western Indian Ocean. So- viet vessels were expected to begin commer- cial fishing operations in that area this sum- mer for tuna, mackerel, and swordfish. (So- viet press and unpublished sources.) United Kingdom DISTANT-WATER TRAWLING GROUP PROPOSES RESTRICTION ON LANDINGS AND IMPORTS: The British Trawlers' Federation (the dis- tant-water section of the fishing industry) has asked the Government to consider a plan for restrictions on British-caught and imports of foreign-caught fish which would allow the price of fish at the ''quay-side'' to rise to "more economic levels." The essence of the plan is that landings in Britain of British-caught and imported fish supplies should be limited to about 750,000 short tons, compared with average landings of just over 775,000 tons inthe years 1960-62. The president of the Federation said in London on May 9 that the Federation would agree to the introduction of a statutory scheme for achieving this coordination of landings from British trawlers over 80-foot long if: (1) The proportion of total supplies pro- vided by imports should not in the future be allowed to rise more than 2.1 percent from the present average of 17.9 percent. In ef- fect, they should not exceed 20 percent of to- tal supplies, or 150,000 tons at present. (2) Landings from British vessels of less than 80-foot length should be held to about their present proportion of British-caught supplies. Ships of this size, in fact, are in- shore or near-water vessels. A statutory plan would be administered by a Fish Supplies Board consisting of members appointed by the trawling industry in England, Wales, and Scotland, the unions, the British White Fish Authority, andthe Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. Also, it is suggested, a system of bonuses on scrapping would be introduced for a limited period (a year to 18 months) in order to ra- tionalize capacity, together with a system of July 1963 United Kingdom (Contd.): vessel licensing and statutory minimum prices to support the plan. In a memorandum presented on May 8 to members of the Joint Parliamentary Fish- eries Committees at the House of Commons, the Federation says that ''first-hand'' prices of fish in 1962 were lower than those in 1960, despite the unchanged level of supplies and, as a result, the incomes of producers fell by £24 million (US$7 million) in the face of a continued rise in costs. "Over the same period the retail prices of fish went on rising so that the consumer did not obtain the benefit of the fall in first- hand prices,’ the memoradum stated. Inadequate ex-vessel prices, the memo- randum said, ''are a feature of all producing sections of the white fish industry in the United Kingdom and, indeed, of all fishing industries in Western Europe.'' The French industry perhaps provided an exception but only because imports were stringently re- stricted to ensure a very high price level. At a press conference on May 8, the Fed- eration's President said a rise in ''first hand'' prices of 1d. per pound (about 1.17 U. S. cents a pound) at the most would be all that was needed ''to see us out of the red." The cost to the consumer of the proposals, he suggested, could not be more than 1s. 6d (about 21 U. S. cents) per head per annum. Answering questions about the possible effect of restricted entry of fish to the Unit- ed Kingdom market on prices in the retail fish stores he added, however, ''We cannot speak for the retail end.'' He revealed also that inshore fishermen ''because they were difficult to contact'' had not been consulted about the scheme. The Parliamentary Committees were told on May 8 that, in the context of the forthcoming European fishery conference which is being suggested for this autumn by the British Government, ''trade in fishshould be examined as a counterpart to fishing rights and expanded outlets provided, within a regulated framework, for participants to any agreements reached." At the May 8 press conference there was noticeable surprise among members of the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 95 Federation team at a suggestion from one of its members that fish caught and frozen at sea could be landed in Britain over and above the 750,000-ton limit. (United States Embas- sy, London, May 10, 1963.) Risitateinstetiieletitals EraENS Eat edo ceys INTENTION TO WITHDRAW FROM CERTAIN INTERNATIONAL FISHERY AGREEMENTS ANNOUNCED: In order to regain its freedom of action regarding the ex- tent of fishing limits, the British Government gave notice on April 26, 1963, of its intention to withdraw from the fol- lowing international fishery agreements: (1) The North Sea Fisheries Convention of 1882 (withdrawal effective May 15, 1964); (2) The Fisheries Regulations of 1843, made under the Anglo-French Convention of 1839 (withdrawal effective June 24, 1964). The decision was announced in‘the House of Commons on April 29, 1963, by the Lord Privy Seal. At the same time, the British Government invited those countries concerned with the Northeastern Atlantic area (members of the European Free Trade Association and the European Economic Community as well as Iceland, the Irish Republic, and Spain) to a conference in the fall of 1963. The conference will be asked to consider questions of trade in fish and access to fishing grounds, It was hoped that the proposed conference can arrive at an equitable settlement on an international basis which will take into ac- count the interests of all sections of the fishing industry. During the discussions, the interests of Commonwealth countries will be borne in mind by Britain and they will be consulted when they are affected. Fishing limits have been a difficult problem in Britain for some time, At the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea which was held in Geneva during 1960, Brit- ain supported the unsuccessful proposal to extend territorial waters up to 6 miles and fishing limits up to 12 miles, with nations which had historically fished in individual areas be- ing allowed to fish up to the 6-mile limit. Britain later signed an agreement with Denmark applying this formula in Faroese waters, In 1961, an agreement was concluded with Iceland where- by Britain recognized a 12-mile fishing zone around Iceland, For a transitional period of 3 years, the Icelandic Govern- ment agreed to allow British vessels to fish in the greater part of the zone between 6 and 12 miles off Iceland at cer~ tain seasons of the year, The Soviet Union terminated in March 1962 the Anglo- Soviet Fisheries Agreement which had enabled British trawl- ers to fish up to three miles off the Soviet coast in certain areas of the Barents Sea. During 1961, after the Anglo- Norwegian Fishery Agreement, Norwegian fishery limits were extended from 4 to 6 miles, while in 4 limited areas within the 6-12 mile zone, foreign trawling was prohibited during certain periods. By 1970, British trawlers will have to observe a 12-mile fishing limit around Norway, In ad- dition, Denmark is planning to extend the fishing limits around the Faroe Islands from 6 to 12 miles, Those changes mean the exclusion of the British distant-water fleet and also some middle-water vessels from areas they have fished for many years, The British fishermen’s unions have threatened to ban landings from Faroese trawl- ers in Britain if Faroese fishing limits are extended, On the other hand, large numbers of Russian and Po- lish factory-trawlers are said to fish constantly off the Scottish coast, particularly for herring. French and Bel- gian vessels are reported to be fishing for shellfish in the English Channel to the detriment of British inshore fisher- men, Moreover, it is claimed that foreign vessels do not respect the net mesh sizes agreed on under the Fisheries Convention of 1946, 96 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW United Kingdom (Contd.): In the light of those difficulties, the Government an- nouncement was warmly welcomed by the press and British inshore fishermen, But some British distant-water fisher- men expressed a concern that any unilaterai action by Brit- ain might imperil the chances of a satisfactory international agreement.(United States Embassy, London, May 4, 1963.) se osle sleek 1 OK OK OK OK NEW OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSEL LEAVES FOR INDIAN OCEAN: The newest British oceanographic re- search vessel, the Discovery, owned by the National Institute of Oceanography, rantrials in March this year. The vessel, 261 feet long over-all and of 3,000 tons displacement, was due to leave England in mid-May to par- ticipate in the International Indian Ocean Ex- pedition. Built in Aberdeen, Scotland, the vessel is powered by Diesel electric engines, has eight air-conditioned laboratories, andice-strength ened hull. She carries equipment for biolo- gists, chemists, bacteriologists, photograph- ers, and electronic engineers. (South Afri- can Shipping News and Fishing Industry Re- view, March 1963.) oy oy S05 a oO SESE MOS LAS SMALL STERN TRAWLER DESIGNED FOR USE IN TROPICS: A British shipyard has prepared plans for an advanced type of small stern trawler. It is designed to set and retrieve its otter trawl with the aid of a hydraulic stern gantry and to freeze its catch into 70-75 pound blocks which would be held in a refrigerated hold. The proposed vessel is intended for use in tropical waters, and the pitch pine on oak hull would be ''Cascover"' resin sheathed against marine borers, the fishroom insu- lated, and the electrical systems protected against damage in tropical climates. The deck arrangement would include metal- sheathed stern ramp, a hydraulic trawl winch, hydraulically-operated stern gantry and a light alloy wheelhouse located forward. This would also contain the accommodation for the skipper. Main propulsion wouldbe by a 160 b. hp. Diesel at 900 r.p.m. and driving a fixed or controllable pitch propeller through a 2:1 reduction gear. Also in the engine- room would be the two refrigeration com- pressors, driven by a 20-hp. and 125-hp. Vol. 25, No. 7 Diesels. A 43-kw. generator set would charge the ship's 24-volt batteries and also drive the bilge pump. The freezer would be a 6-station plate freezer, loading at the top and discharging at the side, and would produce fish blocks of 70- 75 pounds and have a capacity of 2,520 pounds of dressed fish, every 24 hours. The fish- room would have a capacity of about 750 cu- bic feet and would be held at 20 degrees F, (-7 degrees C.). Accommodations for a crew of four are forward, with galley in the deckhouse. Aft would be two 500-gallon fuel tanks and fresh water capacity would be 200 gallons. A 6- man life raft would be fitted, and radiotele- phone and radar provided if required. Dimensions of the vessel would be: length over-all, 55 feet; length water line, 52 feet 9 inches; beam moulded, 16 feet; depth moulded, 8 feet; draft 5 feet 9 inches; and speed, 9 knots. (World Fishing, April 1963.) Venezuela TUNA FISHING BASE FOR JAPANESE VESSELS PLANNED: According to information received by the Japanese Foreign Ministry, the Venezuelan Government is planning to establisha fishing base in an attempt to attract Japanese fishing vessels operating in the Atlantic Ocean or to invite Japanese participation in a joint fishing venture. This plan is based on the Venezuelan Government's policy of expanding that coun- try's tuna fishery by employing efficient Jap- anese fishing techniques. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, May 8, 1963.) Viet-Nam LANDINGS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS SLIGHTLY HIGHER IN 1962: Landings of fishery products in Viet-Nam during 1962 amounted to 255,000 metric tons as compared with 250,000 tons in 1961. The Fisheries Directorate attributes the slight in- crease in landings to the fact that the motor- ized fleet added only 100 units in 1962, bring- ing the total number of motorized junks up to 3,600. For the 1959-61 period, landings and July 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 97 Viet-Nam (Contd.): the second consecutive year, but still repre- sented only about 0.3 percent of the total land- motorization of the fleet had proceeded at a ings. Exports of fresh and frozen shrimp ac- much higher rate. counted for most of the increase in 1962. Fu- ture prospects are for adequate supplies for Exports of fishery products in 1962 earned | local consumption and increased exports. about US$500,000 and exceeded imports for (United States Embassy, Saigon, May 2, 1963.) COMMON NAMES OF FISH Comments published by the Missouri Conservation Commission on January 14, 1963, illustrate some of the problems associated with common names of fish. The Missouri Conservation Commission reclassified a fish called Pilodictis as a game fish on January 1 and set the limits on this fish at 5 daily and 10 in possession. So far, there was no quarrel. But to make the matter clear to fishermen, the commis- sion wrote into the regulation certaincommon names for old Pilodictis, and there is nothing that will start a problem among anglers quicker than common names Of fish. "Pilodictis, incidentally, is what is commonly called flathead catfish. Of course, some places it might be known as goujon, yellow cat, or river cat, unless it is called mudcat. That is, where the mudcat is not a bullhead, as it is in many places. "This is not the first time common names have wrought confusion in fishing regulations and elsewhere. ... Take channel catfish, for instance. Everybody knows what a channel cat is--maybe. Other common names for Ictalurus (depending mostly on geography) are blue cat, Fulton cat, white cat, fiddler cat and forktail. The con- fusion arises because many people think they are speaking of different species when they mention those common names. "Or take the walleye. Often called walleyed pike, it is nota pike atall. It is really a perch, but certainly not a walleyed perch. And if it is a perch, it cannot be a jack salmon or any other kind of salmon. Some call it sauger, but to avoid confu- sion others refer to saugers as sand pike. We could call it by its proper name, Sti- zostedion, but who can pronounce it? ... ce "For some reason, rainbow trout have not adopted this confusing array of ali- ases. That is, unless you consider that steelheads and Kamloops are essentially the same fish. Cypress trout, onthe other hand, are nothing at all like rainbows. These fish are also known as lake lawyers, cotton fish, scaled ling, dogfish, mudfish, grindle, and bowfin." 98 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW @ FEDERAL cf, ACTIONS ins Federal Trade Commission CRAB FISHERMEN'S ASSOCIATION RULED GUILTY OF UNFAIR COMPETITION AND RESTRAINT OF TRADE: In an initial decision (Initial Decision 7859, Crabs) announced on May 23, 1963,a Federal Trade Commission hearing examiner ruled that a Westport, Washington, Association of crab fishermen and its crab fishermen mem- bers have unlawfully restrained competition in the Dungeness crab fishing and processing industries in their area. This is not a final decision and may be reviewed by the Com - mission. The Commission examiner found that the respondents have used coercion, threats, and intimidation to limit the ''catch"' or supply of Dungeness crabs, to prevent persons from making purchases or sales, and to compel nonmember fishermen to join the association, He said that no physical violence was com- mitted but ''many personal threats were made and much damage was threatened on several occasions and was actually done on one occa- sion to the property of others.’ Issuing a broad order which would halt such unfair practices, the examiner stated: Respondents have obtained control ofa sub- stantial part of the production of Dungeness crab in the coastal and ocean waters within and adjacent to the State of Washington which constitutes one of the most important sources of that product. They likewise have control of a substantial part of the processing of Dun- geness crabs which of necessity must be car- ried on at or near the source of their produc- tion, This control has been gained by reason of the conspiracy, acts, policies, and prac- tices hereinbefore found which unlawfully re- strain, hinder, and destroy competition in the fishing for, processing, shipping, and market- ing of crabs. Such control constitutes a mo- nopoly and respondents have the capacity and Wols 2S, IN©, 7 intent to extend such monopoly further if not restrained therefrom. By reason of the fact that many of respondents fish for aquatic products other than crabs and have the ca- pacity to at least attempt to create a monop- oly in such products the cease and desist order issued herewith is not confined solely to the Dungeness crab fishing and processing industries." The Association, the examiner said, was incorporated in the early spring of 1958 bya large group of Westport crab fishermen who had become dissatisfied with the low prices paid by processors. Thereafter, the members fixed the prices on deliveries of raw crabs to the processors by market orders. In May 1959,a crab processing cannery was pur- chased by some 50 members and a coopera- tive was organized. Described by the examiner were various incidents where members used ''show of force" tactics to accomplish their objectives. One such incident involved a ''massive array’ of about 30 members to prevent another mem- ber from unloading his catch and selling toa processor who did not have a market order. Rejecting respondents’ contention that this mass movement was entirely proper, the ex- aminer said, ''They could have taken legal action. But they took the law into their own hands. While no physical force was used by respondents on this occasion, they certainly did make a very great 'show of force' and by their illegal actions secured compliance with their demands," On another occasion, he noted, the re- spondents similarly ''took the law into their own hands and forbade and prevented any de- livery of crabs by two partner processors under the clearly implied threat that they would get no further crabs from Association members. These processors, however, had a perfect legal right after catching crabs with July 1963 their own boats or buying crabs from Associ- ation members, to sell them to whom they pleased and undoubtedly would have sold some of their own excess crabs to a Seattle concern had not respondents made a strong show of force, and threats, and prevented them from doing so. While the dock was a public one, respondents with an impressive ‘show of force’ unlawfully interfered ina business deal between others." Joined in the examiner's order were elev- en men as trustees or officers of the Asso- ciation, and as representative of the entire membership. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1960 p. 78 and June 1960 p. 66. SHRIMP PROCESSING MACHINERY FIRM FOUND NOT GUILTY OF SUPPRESSING COMPETITION: A Federal Trade Commission (FTC) hear- ing examiner issued an order (Initial Deci- sion, 7887, Shrimp Processing Machinery) on May 5, 1963, which would dismiss charges that a New Orleans, La., partnership, hasused unfair methods of competition which have un- lawfully hindered its competitors in the shrimp processing machinery industry. At the same time, however, the examiner ruled in his initial decision on a Commission complaint of May 13, 1960, that the concern has illegally charged West Coast licensees of its machinery discriminatory and much high- er rates than those granted to licensees in other states. His order would require the firm and its six active partners to discon- tinue this practice. This is not a final deci- sion and may be reviewed by the Commission, Specifically, the examiner ordered dismis- sal of allegations in the complaint that the New Orleans firm has unfairly: 1. Entered into agreements with patentees and prospective patentees, thus obtaining ex- clusive rights to shrimp processing machines; and in most instances never attempted to man- ufacture, develop, or commercially exploit such machinery. 2. Required inventors to disclose and as- sign to the company future inventions inthis field, 3. Filed patent infringement suits against manufacturers and users of a competitive COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 99 shrimp peeler, and offered unfair selling terms to purchasers and prospective pur- chasers and prospective purchasers of this machine located in foreign countries. 4, Required licensees to buy a certain number of debentures at $500 each. After giving the background of license agreements between the New Orleans firm and various inventors, the examiner held: "Commission counsel have failed to sustain their burden of showing by reliable, probative, and substantial evidence that any of the indi- vidual respondents, or its predecessor com- pany have by means or exclusive licenses or otherwise in any way suppressed competition in shrimp processing machinery as alleged in the complaint." The examiner similarly ruled that the Commission's staff counsel have failed to prove that the company has "entered into or exacted any requirements from inventors as to licensing of future inventions of shrimp processing machinery in violation of Section 5 of the'’ FTC Act. On the patent-enforcement issue, the ex- aminer pointed out, United States courts have declared UnitedStates patents owned by the company, valid and infringed by the competi- tive machines, The New Orleans firm, when asked to do so, has consistently stated its intention of en- forcing its patent rights against the infringing machines, No person purchasing, making, selling or using a competitive machine has done so without awareness of that intention, No action by this firm has been inconsistent with the belief that it possesses valid patent rights infringed by the competitive machine, Through the years of litigation which have followed the invasion of the patent rights of the New Orleans firm, the competitive ma- chines have continued to be offered to the trade, both by advertising to the trade, and by offers to sell abroad. Where sold their use has been stopped, to the extent it hasbeen stopped, solely by the assertion by the New Orleans firm of its legal monopoly granted it in due course under the patent laws of the various countries where it holds patents and this assertion of its rights has been solely by proper notice and, if necessary, legal action as provided by law. 100 Concerning the requirement that lessees purchased debentures, the examiner found that this practice, which was discontinued in July 1961, ''constituted a lawful method of providing financing." The examiner also ordered dismissal of (1) the complaint as to a Houma, La., firm a silent partner in the New Orleans company, and (2) the charge that both have combined in carrying out these alleged unfair activities. There is no evidence, he said, ''that the Houma, La., firm or any officer or represent- ative thereof has agreed or combined with any individual respondent or the New Orleans company to adopt any unfair method of com- petition or unfair acts and practices. The recordis completely lacking in any evidence whatsoever of any agreement, combination or conspiracy between the Houma firm (or any representative of said corporation), on the one hand, and any individual respondent or the New Orleans firm on the other, to adopt or carry out the alleged unlawful acts. In the large amount of evidence taken in this pro- ceeding there is none which shows that the policies of the New Orleans firm or its pre- decessor were shaped by consideration of any interestof the Houmacompanyor that this firm's policies were in any way shaped by any consideration of any interest of the New Orleans company. The examiner found, however, that the New Orleans company violated the FTC Act by charging lessees of its machinery in Oregon, Washington, and Alaska twice as much as competing lessees on the Gulf Coast. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1960 p. 71 and July 1960 p. 78. Department of the Interior FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES NEW AND AMENDED FEDERAL STANDARDS PROPOSED FOR GRADES OF FISH STICKS AND FISH PORTIONS: Proposed voluntary standards were an- nounced in the May 22, 1963, Federal Regis- ter for grades of (1) frozen fried fish sticks, (2) frozen fried fish portions, and (3) frozen COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 7 raw breadedfish sticks. The latter two pro- posed standards, if made effective, would be the first issued by the Department of the In- terior prescribing Government standards for those specific commodities. The proposed standard for frozen fried fish sticks would be an amendment to the standard previously promulgated inthe Federal Register, Septem- ber 1, 1960. Allof the proposed standards include prod- uct and grade descriptions as well as a method of determining the grade which involves fac- tors of quality such as flavor, odor, appear- ance, character, and absence of defects. The standards also contain definitions and meth- ods of analysis, and tolerances for certifica- tion of officially drawn samples. The products covered by the proposed standards are partially defined as follows: 1. Frozen fried fish sticks weigh up to and including 13 ounces; are at least 3- inch thick; and their largest dimension is *at least 3 times the next largest dimension. Frozen fried fish sticks contain not less than 60 percent, by weight, of fish meat. Allsticks in an individual package are prepared from the meat of one species of fish. 2. Frozen fried fish portions weigh more than 15 ounces andare at least 3-inch thick. Frozen fried fish portions contain not less than 65 percent, by weight, of fish meat. All portions in an individual package are pre- pared from the meat of one species of fish. 3. Frozen raw breaded fish sticks weigh up to and including 13 ounces; are at least 3-inch thick; and their largest dimension is at least 3 times the next largest dimension. Frozen raw breaded fish sticks contain not less than 72 percent, by weight, of fish meat. All sticks in an individual package are pre- pared from the meat of one species of fish. Interested persons had until June 21, 1963, to submit written comments, suggestions, or objections on the proposed standards. The announcement dated May 16, 1963, as it appeared in the May 22, 1963, Federal Reg- ister follows: July 1963 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service [50 CFR Part 261 ] FROZEN FRIED FISH STICKS Proposed U.S. Standards for Grades Notice is hereby given that pursuant to the authority vested in the Secretary of the Interior by section 6(a) of the Fish and Wildlife Act of August 8, 1956 (16 U.S.C. 742e) , it is proposed to amend Title 50 Code of Federal Regulations by the addition of a new Part 261. The purpose of this amendment is to issue standards for grades of frozen fried fish sticks in accordance with the au- thority contained in Title II of the Agri- cultural Marketing Act of August 14, 1946, as amended (7 U.S.C. 1621-1627). These regulations, if made effective, will be an amendment to Part 261—USS. Standards for Grades of Frozen Fried Fish Sticks previously promulgated in the FEDERAL REGISTER, September 1, 1960, pages 8442 and 8443. It is the policy of the Department of the Interior whenever practicable, to af- ford the public an opportunity to partici- pate in the rule making process. Ac- cordingly, interested persons may sub- mit written comments, suggestions, or objections with respect to the proposed amendment to the Director, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington 25, D.C., within 30 days of the date of publication of this notice in the FEDERAL REGISTER. JAMES K. Carr, Acting Secretary of the Interior. May 16, 1963. Second Issue: These standards will supersede the standards which have been in effect since August 21, 1956. PART 261—UNITED STATES STAND- ARDS FOR GRADES OF FROZEN FRIED FISH STICKS * Sec. 261.1 261.3 261.11 261.21 261.25 Description of the product. Grades of frozen fried fish sticks. Determination of the grade. Definitions. Tolerances for certification of of- ficially drawn samples. § 261.1 Description of the product. Frozen fried fish sticks are clean, wholesome, rectangular-shaped unglazed masses of cohering pieces (not ground) of fish flesh coated with breading and partially cooked. The sticks are cut from frozen fish blocks; are coated with a suitable, wholesome batter and breading; are fried, packaged, and frozen in ac- cordance with good commercial practice. They are maintained at temperatures necessary for preservation of the prod- uct. Frozen fried fish sticks weigh up to and including 112 ounces; are at least 3% inch thick; and their largest dimen- sion is at least 3 times the next largest dimension. Frozen fried fish sticks con- tain not less than 60 percent, by weight, of fish flesh. All sticks in an individual package are prepared from the flesh of one species of fish. 1Compliance with the provisions of these standards shall not excuse failure to com- ply with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW § 261.3 Grades sticks. (a) “U.S. Grade A” is the quality of frozen fried fish sticks that (1) possess good flavor and odor and (2) rate a total score of not less than 85 points for those factors of quality that are rated in ac- cordance with the scoring system out- lined elsewhere in this part. ; (b) “U.S. Grade B” is the quality of frozen fried fish sticks that (1) possess at least reasonably good flavor and odor and (2) rate a total score of not less than 70 points for those factors of quality that are rated in accordance with the scoring system outlined in this part. (c) “Substandard” is the quality of frozen fried fish sticks that meet the requirements of § 261.1 Description of product, but otherwise fail to meet the requirements of “U.S. Grade B.” § 261.11 Determination of the grade. The grade is determined by examining the product in the frozen and cooked states and is evaluated by considering the following factors: (a) Factors rated by score points. Points are deducted for variations in the quality of each factor in accordance with the schedule in table 1. The total of points deducted is subtracted from 100 to obtain the score. The maximum score is 100; the minimum score is 0. (b) Factors not rated by score points. The factor of ‘flavor and odor’”’ is evalu- ated organoleptically by smelling, and tasting, after the product has been cook- ed in accordance with § 261.21. of frozen fried fish 101 (1) Good flavor and odor (essential requirements for a Grade A Product) means that the cooked product has the typical flavor and odor of the indicated species of fish and of the breading and is free from rancidity, bitterness, stale- ness, and off-flavors and off-odors of any kind. (2) Reasonably good flavor and odor (minimum requirements of a Grade B Product) means that the cooked prod- uct is lacking in good flavor and odor but is free from objectionable off-flavors and off-odors of any kind. § 261.21 Definitions. (a) Selection of the sample unit: The sample unit shall consist of 10 frozen fried fish sticks taken at random from one or more packages as required. The fish sticks are spread out on a flat pan or sheet and are examined according to table 1. Definitions of factors for point deductions are as follows: (b) Examination of sample, frozen state: (1) “Condition of package” refers to the presence in the package of free ex- cess oil and/or loose breading and/or loose frost. (2) “Ease of separation” refers to the difficulty of separating sticks from each other or from packaging material that are frozen together after the frying operation and during the freezing. (3) “Broken stick” means a stick with a break or cut equal to or greater than one-half the width of the stick. (4) “Damaged stick” means a stick that has been mashed, physically or TABLE 1—SCHEDULE OF POINT DEDUCTIONS PER SAMPLE UNIT OF 10 STICKS FROZEN STATE Factors scored Method of determining score ‘| Deduct moderate frost. i) Uniformity: sticks is: Mashed, mechanically and/or physically injured, misshaped or 4 | Damaged stick-....--------- Minor: 1 to 3 instances.—Each affected _---.------------------------ Major: Over 3 instances.—Each affected_-.-.-..-...-.---------------- 5 fb O--encggeonnosccenass| Deviation in length or width between the 2 largest and 2 smallest Up to 4 inch_-_-_---- Over 4 inch and up Over yelinchSs sess sees =e 6 WielghtSasssnestencsssas Weight ratio of the 2 heaviest divided by the 2 lightest sticks: Over 1.0; not over 1.15__-- Over 1.15; not over 1.3_. Over 1.3; not over 1.4_. ° < ° gs _ in ‘ ' ' 1 1 ' t t ' t t ‘ ' ' t _ 1 | Condition of package---.--- Small degree: Loose free oil, and/or moderate loose breading and/or 2 Large degree: Oil soaking through package and/or excessive loose 5 breading and/or excessive amount frost. Ease of separation_--------- Minor: Hand separated with difficulty —Each affected__-_-_-_------ 14 Major: Separated only by knife or other instrument.—Each affected_ 1 3)}) Brokenistick------2----=---— Break or cut greater than }¢ length or width.—Each affected mutilated 1 cs) _ Sano ows COOKED STATE affected. sample unit.—E Major: Sticks exe 10 ll and rubbery. Bare spots, blistering, ridges, breaks, curds 1 Skin, blood spots, bruises, discolorations 1 Minor: 1 to 6 instances.—Each affected Major: Over 6 instances.—Each affected __-- Sticks containing bones (potentially harmful Small degree: Moderately dry, soggy, doughy, oily, and tough 1 Large degree: Farinaceous (mealy), pasty, very tough and/or oily_-- 15 Small degree: Moderately dry, soft, mushy.....-...---..----------- 5 Large degree: Dry to the point of fibrousness, very mushy, tough, 15 7a | WO ISLOLtON Sse onan ee Minor: Bending, shrinking, twisting (4 to 14 inch).—Kach affected_ 1 Major: Excessive bending, shrinking, twisting (over 14 inch) —Each 2 8) | RColorsassaseseeeeencaesaea== Minor: Sticks CHa Oley from average color of sticks in 2 affected. ively dark or light from average color of sticks 4 in sample unit.—Each affected. 9 | Coating defects. ._...------- Minor: 1 to 3 instances.—Each affected__------ 1 Major: Over 3 instances.—Each affected 1 Aninstance=each Me square inch (}4-inch square). 102 mechanically injured, misshaped or mul- tilated to the extent that its appearance is materially affected. The amount of damage is measured by using a grid composed of squares ¥% inch (that is, squares with an area of 144 square inch each) to measure the area of the stick affected. Deductions are not made for damage less than 14g square inch. (5) “Uniformity of size” refers to the degree of uniformity in length and width of the frozen sticks. Deviations are measured from the combined lengths of the two longest minus the combined lengths of the two shortest and/or the combined widths of the two widest minus the combined widths of the two narrow- est. Deductions are not made for over- all deviations in length of width up to 4 inch. (6) “Uniformity of weight” refers to the degree of uniformity of the weights of the sticks. Uniformity is measured by the combined weight of the two heavi- est sticks divided by the combined weight of the two lightest sticks. No deduc- tions are made for weight ratios less than 1.15. (c) Cooked state means the state of the product after cooking in accordance with the instructi ms accompanying the product. However, if specific instruc- tions are lacking, the product for inspec- tion is cooked as follows: Transfer the product, while still in frozen state, onto a flat pan or sheet of sufficient size to accommodate 10 Sticks spaced at least 4 inch apart. Place the pan and frozen contents in a properly ventilated oven preheated to 400° F. until thoroughly cooked (about 15 to 18 minutes or to an internal temperature of 160° F.). (d) Examination of sample, cooked state: (1) “Distortion” refers to the degree of bending of the long axis of the stick. Distortion is measured as the greatest deviation from the long axis. Deduc- tions are not made for deviations of less than 1% inch. (2) “Color” refers to the reasonably uniform color typical of the sample material. (3) “Coating defects” refers to breaks, lumps, ridges, depressions, blisters or swells and curds in the coating of the cooked product. Breaks in the coating are objectionable bare spots through which the fish flesh is plainly visible. Lumps are objectionable outcroppings of breading on the stick surface. Ridges are projections of excess breading at the edges of the fish flesh. Depressions are objectionable visible voids or shallow areas which are lightly covered by bread- ing. Blisters are measured by the swell- ing or exposed area in the coating re- sulting from the bursting or breaking of the coating. Curd refers to erater-like holes in the breading filled with coagu- lated albumin. Instances of these de- fects are measured by a plastic grid marked off in 44-inch squares (14, square inch). Each square is counted as 1 whether it is full or fractional. (4) “Blemishes” refers to skin, blood spots or bruises, objectionable dark fatty flesh, carbon specks or extraneous mate- rial. Instances of blemishes refers to each occurrence measured by placing a plastic grid marked off in 44-inch squares (46 square inch) over the defect area. Each square is counted as 1 whether it is full or fractional. (5) “Bones” means the presence of po- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW tentially harmful bones in a stick. A potentially harmful bone is one that after being cooked is capable of piercing or hurting the palate. (6) “Texture defects of the coating” refers to the absence of the normal tex- tural properties of the coating which are crispness and tenderness. Coating tex- ture defects are dryness, soggyness, mushiness, doughyness, toughness, pas- tyness, as sensed by starchiness or other sticky properties felt by mouth tissues; oiliness to the degree of impairment of texture; and/or mealiness. (7) “Texture defects of the fish flesh” refers to the absence of normal textural properties of the cooked fish flesh, which are tenderness, firmness, and moistness without excess water. Texture defects of the flesh are dryness, softness, tough- ness, and rubberyness. (e) General definitions: (1) “Small” (overall assessment) re- fers to a condition that is noticeable but is not seriously objectionable. (2) “Large” (overall assessment) re- fers to a condition that not only is notice- able but is seriously objectionable. (3) “Minor” (individual assessment) refers to a defect that slightly affects the appearance and/or utility of the product. (4) “Major” (individual assessment) refers to a defect that seriously affects the appearance and/or utility of the product. (f{) Minimum fish flesh content refers to the minimum percent, by weight, of the average fish flesh content of 3 or more additional sticks per sample unit as determined by the following method: (1) Equipment needed. (i) Water bath (for example, a 3- to 4-liter beaker). (ii) Balance accurate to 0.1 gram. (ii) Clip tongs of wire, plastic, or glass. (iv) Stop-watch or regular watch readable to a second. (v) Paper towels. (vi) Spatula, 4-inch blade’ with rounded tip. (vii) Nut picker. (viii) Thermometer (immersion type) accurate to +2° F. (ix) Copper sulfate crystals (CuSOz -5H20—one pound. (2) Procedure. (i) Weigh all sticks in the sample while they are still hard frozen. (ii) Place each stick individually in the water bath maintained at 63° F. to 86° F. and allow to remain until the breading becomes soft and can easily be removed from the still frozen fish flesh (between 30 to 110 seconds for sticks held in storage at 0° F.). If the sticks were prepared using batters that are difficult to remove after one dipping, redip them for up to 5 seconds after the initial de- breading and remove residual batter ma- terial. Note: Several preliminary trials may be necessary to determine the exact dip time required for “debreading” the sticks in a sample unit. For these trials only, a satu- rated solution of copper sulfate (1 pound of copper sulphate in 2 liters of tap water) is necessary. The correct dip time is the mini- mum time of immersion in the copper sulfate solution required before the breading can easily be scraped off provided that (1) the “debreaded” sticks are still solidly frozen and (2) only a slight trace of blue color is visible on the surface of the ‘“debreaded” fish sticks. (iii) Remove the stick from the bath; blot lightly with double thickness paper Viol, 25; Nos 7 toweling; and scrape off or pick out coating from the fish flesh with the spatula or nut picker. (iv) Weigh all the “debreaded” fish sticks. (v) Calculate the percent of fish flesh in the sample by the _ following formula: Percent fish flesh Au Weight of fish flesh (iv) Weight of fried fish sticks (i) * (100) § 261.25 Tolerances for certification of officially drawn samples. The sample rate and grades of spe- cific lots shall be certified in accordance with Part 260, of this chapter (Regula- tions Governing Processed Fishery ‘Products, 25 F.R. 8427, September 1, 1960) except that a sample unit shall consist of 10 sticks taken at random from one or more packages as required. [50 CFR Part 2761 FROZEN FRIED FISH PORTIONS Proposed U.S. Standards for Grades Notice is hereby given that pursuant to the authority vested in the Secre- tary of the Interior by section 6(a) of the Fish and Wildlife Act of August 8, 1956 (16 U.S.C. 742e), it is proposed to amend Title 50 Code of Federal Regula- tions by the addition of a new Part 2764. The purpose of this amendment is to issue standards for grades of frozen fried fish portions in accordance with the authority contained in Title II of the Agricultural Marketing Act of Au- gust 14, 1946, as amended (7 U.S.C. 1621-1627). These regulations, if made effective, will be the first issued by the Department of the Interior prescribing Government standards for this com- modity. It is the policy of the Department of the Interior whenever practicable, to afford the public an opportunity to par- ticipate in the rule making process. Ac- cordingly, interested persons may submit written comments, suggestions, or objec- tions with respect to the proposed amendment to the Director, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington 25, D.C., within 30 days of the date of publication of this notice in the FEDERAL REGISTER. James K. Carr, Acting Secretary of the Interior. May 16, 1963. PART 276—UNITED STATES STAND- ARDS FOR. GRADES OF FROZEN . FRIED FISH PORTIONS * Sec. 276.1 Description of the product. °276.3 Grades of frozen fried fish portions. 276.11 Determination of the grade. 276.21 Definitions. 276.25 Tolerances for certification of offi- cially drawn samples. § 276.1 Description of the product. Frozen fried fish portions are clean, wholesome, uniformly shaped, unglazed masses of cohering pieces (not ground) _of fish flesh coated with breading and 1Compliance with the provisions of these standards shall not excuse failure to comply with the provisions of the Federal Food, ; Drug, and Cosmetic Act. July 1963 partially cooked. The portions are cut from frozen fish blocks; are coated with a suitable, wholesome batter and bread- ing; are fried, packaged, and frozen in accordance with good commercial prac- tice. They are maintained at tempera- tures necessary for preservation of the product. Frozen fried fish portions weight more than 114 ounces and are at least 3% inch thick. Frozen fried fish portions contain not less than 65 percent, by weight, of fish flesh. All portions in an individual package are prepared from the flesh of one species of fish. § 276.3 Grades of frozen fried fish por- tions. (a) “U.S. Grade A” is the quality of frozen fried fish portions that (1) pos- sess good flavor and odor and (2) rate a total score of not less than 85 points for those factors of quality that are rated in accordance with the scoring system outlined elsewhere in this part. (b) “U.S. Grade B” is the quality of frozen fried fish portions that (1) pos- sess at least reasonably good flavor and odor and (2) rate a total score of not less than 70 points for those factors of quality that are rated in accordance with the scoring system outlined in this part. (c) “Substandard” is the quality of frozen fried fish portions that meet the requirements of § 276.1 Description of product, but otherwise fail to meet the requirements of “U.S. Grade B.” § 276.11 Determination of the grade. The grade is determined by examin- ing the product in the frozen and cooked COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW states and is evaluated by considering the following factors: (a) Factors rated by score points. Points are deducted for variations in the quality of each factor in accordance with the schedule in table 1. The total of points deducted is subtracted from 100 to obtain the score. The maximum score is 100; the minimum score is 0. (b) Factors not rated by score points. The factor of ‘flavor and odor” is evalu- ated organoleptically by smelling and tasting, after the product has been cooked in accordance with § 276.21. (1) Good flavor and odor (essential requirements for a Grade A Product) means that the cooked product has the typical flavor and odor of the indicated species of fish and of the breading and is free from rancidity, bitterness, staleness, and off-flavors and off-odors of any kind. (2) Reasonably good flavor and odor (minimum requirements of a Grade B Product) means that the cooked product is lacking in good flavor and odor but is free from objectionable off-flavors and off-odors of any kind. § 276.21 Definitions. (a) Selection of the sample unit: The sample unit shall consist of 10 frozen fried fish portions taken at ran- dom from one or more packages as re- quired. The portions are spread out on a flat pan or sheet and are examined according to table 1. Definitions of fac- tors for point deductions are as follows: (b) Examination of sample, frozen state: TARLE 1—SCHEDULE OF PoIntT DEDUCTIONS PER SAMPLE UNIT OF 10 PoRTIONS FROZEN STATE Factors scored Method of determining score Deduct 1 | Condition of package__-_---- Small degree: Loose free oil, and/or moderate loose breading and/or 3 moderate frost. Large degree: Oil soaking through package and/or excessive loose 6 breading and/or excessive amount frost. 2 | Ease of separation---------- Minor: Hand separated with difficulty.—Each affected___-.-.---.-- 1 Major: Separated only by knife or other instrument.—Fach affected_ 2 3 | Broken portion_____-_-.---- Break or cut greater than }4 length or width.—Each affected ________ 10 Mashed, mechanically and/or physically injured, misshaped or mudilated1 4 | Damaged portion_---__----- Minor: 1 to 3 instances—Each affected_-.._....-------------------- 2 Major: over 3 instances.—Each affected_-.-.....-------------------- 4 Uniformity: ; 5 Size en Deviation in length or width between the 2 largest and 2 smallest portions is: 1D Ditol Ati ch seee ee eee en enw encetastaaneasceness == 0 Over 34 inch and up to }4 inch_ 3 Over }4 inch 10 6 Wrelghtssoses see ncenae Weight ratio of the 2 heaviest divided by the 2 lightest portions: Over 1.0; not over 1.20. 0 Over 1.20; not over 1.3. 3 Over 1.3; not over 1.: 6 Overjli4sees eo se nn 10 COOKED STATE Wai mistortion==-ssssssee-- — == Minor: Bending, shrinking, twisting (24 to }4inch).—Each affected__ a Btsion, Excessive bending, shrinking, twisting (over }4inch)—Each 2 affected. Bi, Colors-2ss-—see2-s 25 se- Minor: Portions differing slightly from average color of portions in 2 sample unit.—Each affected. Major: Portions excessively darker or lighter from average color of 4 portions in sample unit.—Each affected. Bare Spots, blistering, ridges, breaks, curds! 9 | Coating defects. __---------- Minor: 1 to 3 instances.—Each affected 1 Major: over 3 instances.—Each affected. 3 Skin, blood spots, bruises, discolorations 1 Minor: 1 to 6 instances.—Each affected 1 Major: over 6 instances.—Each affec 3 Portions containing bones (potentially barmf{u)) 10 Small degroe: Moderately dry, soggy, doughy, oily and/or tough__-- 5 Large degree: Farinaceous (mealy), pasty, very tough and/or oily--_ 10 Small degree: Moderately dry, soft, mushy---_---.-- a Large degree: Dry to the point of fibrousness, very mushy, tough, and/or rubbery. 1 An instance=each Me square inch (14-inch square). 103 (1) “Condition of package” refers to the presence in the package of free ex- cess oil and/or loose breading and/or loose frost. (2) “Ease of separation” refers to the difficulty of separating portions from each other or from packaging material that are frozen together after the fry- ing operation and during the freezing. (3) “Broken portion” means a portion with a break or cut equal to or greater than one-half the width or length of the portion. (4) “Damaged portion” means a por- tion that has been mashed, physically or mechanically injured, misshaped or mutilated to the extent that its appear- ance is materially affected. The amount of damage is measured by using a grid composed of squares % inch (that is, squares with an area of 4% square inch each) to measure the area of the portion affected. Deductions are not made for damage less than 44, square inch. (5) “Uniformity of size” refers to the degree of uniformity in length and width of the frozen portions. Deviations are measured from the combined lengths of the two longest minus the combined lengths of the two shortest and/or the combined widths of the two widest minus the combined widths of the two narrowest. Deductions are not made for overall deviations in length or width up to % inch. (6) “Uniformity of weight” refers to the degree of uniformity of the weights of the portions. Uniformity is measured by the combined weight of the two heav- iest portions divided by the combined weight of the two lightest portions. No deductions are made for weight ratios less than 1.20. (c) Cooked state means the state of the product after cooking in accordance with the instructions accompanying the product. However, if specific instruc- tions are lacking, the product for inspec- tion is cooked as follows: Transfer the product, while still in frozen state, onto a flat pan or sheet of sufficient size to ac- commodate 10 portions spaced at least ¥, inch apart. Place the pan and frozen contents in a properly ventilated oven preheated to 420° F. until thoroughly cooked (about 15 to 18 minutes or to an internal temperature of 160° F.). (d) Examination of sample, cooked state: (1) “Distortion” refers to the degree of bending of the long axis of the por- tions. Distortion is measured as the greatest deviation from the long axis. Deductions are not made for deviations of less than ¥% inch. (2) “Color” refers to the reasonably uniform color within the sample unit. (3) “Coating defects” refers to breaks, lumps, ridges, depressions, blisters or swells and curds in the coating of the cooked product. Breaks in the coating are objectionable bare spots through which the fish flesh is plainly visible. Lumps are objectionable outcroppings of breading on the portion stirface. Ridges are projects of excess breading at the edges of the fish flesh. Depressions are objectionable visible voids or shallow areas which are lightly covered by bread- ing. Blisters are measured by the swell- ing or exposed area in the coating resulting from the bursting or breaking of the coating. Curd refers to crater- like holes in the breading filled with 104 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW coagulated albumin. Instances of those defects are measured by a plastic grid marked off in %4 inch squares (446 square inch). Each square is counted as 1 whether it is full or fractional. (4) “Blemishes” refers to skin, blood spots or bruises, objectionable dark fatty flesh, carbon specks or extraneous ma- terial. Instances of blemishes refers to each occurrence measured by placing a plastic grid marked off %4-inch squares (4g square inch). over the defect area. Each square is counted as 1 whether it is full or fractional. (5) “Bones” means the presence of potentially harmful bones in a portion. A potentially harmful bone is one that after being cooked is capable of pierc- ing or hurting the palate. (6) “Texture defects of the coating” refers to the absence of the normal tex- tural properties of the coaked coating which are crispness and tenderness. Coating texture defects are dryness, sog- gyness, mushiness, doughyness, tough- ness, pastyness, as sensed by starchiness or other sticky properties felt by mouth tissues; oiliness to the degree of impair- ment of texture; and/or mealiness. (7) “Texture defects of the fish flesh” refers to the absence of the normal tex- tural properties of the cooked fish flesh, which are tenderness, firmness, and moistness without excess water. Texture defects of the flesh are dryness, mushi- ness, toughness, and rubberyness. (e) General definitions: (1) “Small” (overall assessment) re- fers to a condition that is noticeable but is not seriously objectionable. (2) “Large” (overall assessment) re- fers to a condition that not only is notice- able but also is seriously objectionable. (3) “Minor” (individual assessment) refers to a defect that slightly affects the appearance and/or utility of the product. (4) “Major” (individual assessment) refers to a defect that seriously affects the appearance and/or utility of the product. (f) Minimum fish flesh content refers to the minimum percent, by weight, of the average fish flesh content of 3 or more additional portions per sample unit as determined by_the following method: (1) Equipment needed. (i) Water bath (for example, a 3- to 4-liter beaker). (ii) Balance accurate to 0.1 gram. (iii) Clip tongs of wire, plastic. or glass. (iv) Stop watch or regular watch readable to a second. (v) Paper towels. (vi) Spatula, 4-inch blade with rounded tip. (vii) Nut picker. (viii) Thermometer (immersion type) accurate to +2° F. (ix) Copper sulfate crystals (CuSO; -5H20)—one pound. (2) Procedure. (i) Weigh all por- tions jn the sample while they are still hard frozen. (ii) Place each portion individually in the water bath maintained at 63° F. to 86° F. and allow to remain until the breading becomes soft and can easily be removed from the still frozen fish flesh (between 30 to 110 seconds for portions held in storage at 0° F.). If the por- tions were prepared using batters that are difficult to remove after one dipping, redip them for up to 5 seconds after the initial debreading and remove residual batter material. Nore: Several preliminary trials may be necessary to determine the exact dip time re- quired for “debreading” the portions in a sample unit. For these trials only, a saturated solution of copper sulfate (1 pound of copper sulphate in 2 liters of tap water) is necessary. The correct dip time is the minimum time of immersion in the copper sulfate solution required before the breading can easily be scraped off provided that (1) the “debreaded” portios are still solidly frozen and (2) only a slight trace of plue color is visible on the surface of the “debreaded”’ fish portions. Gii) Remove the portion from the path; blot lightly with double thickness paper toweling; and scrape off or pick out coating from the fish flesh with the spatula or nut picker. (iv) Weigh all the “debreaded” fish portions. (v) Calculate the percent of fish flesh in the sample by the following formula: Percent fish flesh Weight of fish flesh (iv) _ 1 Weight of fried fish portions (1) XA(100) § 276.25 Tolerances for certification of officially drawn samples. The sample rate and grades of specific lots shall be certified in accordance with Part 260,-of this chapter (Regulations Governing Processed Fishery Products, 25 F.R. 8427, September 1, 1960) except that a sample unit shall consist of 10 portions taken at random from one or more packages as required. [50 CFR Part 277] FROZEN RAW BREADED FISH STICKS Proposed U.S. Standards for Grades Notice is hereby given that pursuant to the authority vested in the Secretary of the Interior by section 6(a) of the Fish and Wildlife Act of August 8, 1956 (16 U.S.C. 742e) , it is proposed to amend Title 50 Code of Federal Regulations by the addition of a new Part 277. The purpose of this amendment is to issue standards for grades of frozen raw breaded fish sticks in accordance with the authority contained in Title II of the Agricultural Marketing Act of August 14, 1946, as amended (7 U.S.C. 1621-1627). These regulations, if made effective, will be the first issued by the Department of the Interior prescribing Government standards for this commodity. It is the policy of the Department of the Interior whenever practicable, to af- ford the public an opportunity to partici- pate in the rule making process. Ac- cordingly, interested persons may sub- mit written comments, suggestions, or objections with respect to the proposed amendment to the Director, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington 25, D.C., within 30 days of the date of publication of this notice in the FEDERAL REGISTER. JAMES K. Carr, ‘Acting Secretary of the Interior. May 16, 1963. Vol. 25, No. 7 PART 277—UNITED STATES STAND- ARDS FOR GRADES OF FROZEN RAW BREADED FISH STICKS * Sec. 277.1 Description of the product. 277.3 Grades of frozen raw breaded fish sticks. 277.11 Determination of the gradé: 277.21 Definitions. 277.25 Tolerances for certification of -offi- cially drawn samples. § 277.1 Description of the product. Frozen raw breaded sticks are clean, wholesome, rectangular-shaped unglazed masses of cohering pieces (not ground) of fish flesh coated with breading. The sticks are cut from frozen fish blocks; are coated with a suitable, wholesome batter and breading; are packaged, and frozen in accordance with good com- mercial practice. They are maintained at temperatures necessary for preserva- tion of the product. Frozen raw breaded fish sticks weigh up to and including 114 ounces; are at least % inch thick; and their largest dimension is at least 3 times the next largest dimension. Frozen raw breaded fish sticks contain not less than 72 percent, by weight, of fish flesh. All sticks in an individual package are prepared from the flesh of one species of fish. § 277.3 Grades of frozen raw breaded fish sticks. (a) “U.S. Grade A” is the quality of frozen raw breaded fish sticks that (1) possess good flavor and odor and (2) rate a total score of not less than 85 points for those factors of quality that are rated in accordance with the scor- ing system outlined elsewhere in this art. (b) “U.S. Grade B” is the quality of frozen raw breaded fish sticks that (1) possess at least reasonably good flavor and odor and (2) rate a total score of not less than 70 points for those factors of quality that are rated in accordance with the scoring system outlined in this part. (c) “Substandard” is the quality of frozen raw breaded sticks that meet the requirements of § 277.1 Description of product, but otherwise fail to meet the requirements of “U.S. Grade B.” § 277.11 Determination of the grade. The grade is determined by examining the product in the frozen and cooked states and is evaluated by considering the following factors: (a) Factors rated by score points. Points are deducted for variations in the quality of each factor in accordance with the schedule in table 1. The total of points deducted is subtracted from 100 to obtain the score. The.maximum score is 100; the minimum score is 0. (b) Factors not rated by score points. The factor of “flavor and odor” is evalu- ated organoleptically by smelling, and tasting, after the product has been cook- ed in accordance with § 277.21. (1) Good flavor and odor (essential requirements for a Grade A Product) means that the cooked product has the typical flavor and odor of the indicated 1 Compliance with the provisions of these standards shall not excuse failure to comply with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. July 1963 species of fish and of the breading and’ ‘is free from rancidity, bitterness, stale- ness, and off-flavors and off-odors of any kind. (2) Reasonably good flavor and odor (minimum requirements of a Grade B Product) means that the cooked product is lacking in good flavor and odor but is free from objectionable off-flavors and off-odors of any kind. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW of the frozen sticks. Deviations are measured from the combined lengths of the two longest minus the combined lengths of the two shortest and/or the combined widths of the two widest minus the combined widths of the two narrow- est. Deductions are not made for over- all deviations in length or width up to Y, inch. (6) “Uniformity of weight” refers to TABLE 1—SCHEDULE OF PoINT DEDUCTIONS PER SAMPLE UNIT OF 10 Sticks FROZEN STATE 105 cooked product. Breaks in the coating are objectionable bare spots through which the fish flesh is plainly visible. Lumps are objectionable outcroppings of breading on the stick surface. Ridges are projections of excess breading at the edges of the fish flesh. Depressions are objectionable visible voids or shallow areas which are lightly covered by breading. Blisters are measured by the swelling or exposed area in the coating resulting from the bursting or breaking of the coating. Curd refers to crater- like holes in the breading filled with Factors scored Method of determining score Deduct coagulated albumin. Instances of these — defects are measured by a plastic grid 5 V5 1 | Condition of package. -.--.-- Small degree: Moderate loose breading and/or moderate frost_._ 2 marked off in %4-inch squares Ye tae Klerres: Wxcessl vellooselbreadingiand /onexcessiveamount 5 square inch). Each square is counted 2 | Ease of separation___..------ : inor: separated wit! ifficulty.—Each affecte 1 rae ore ; a Major: Separated only by knife or other instrument.—Each affected_ 2 as 1 whether i Siu hs ae aay d 3 | Broken stick_.....-.---_---- Break or cut greater than 14 length width.—Each affected__________ 10 oe aioe hes Tee ‘a s ae ood SPO} ‘or rulses, objectionabie ar. Mashed, mechanically andlor sicaly injured, misshaped or fatty flesh, or extrancous material. In- Stances 0. emishes reters eacn OC- 4 | Damaged stick__......------ Minor: 1 to 3 instances.—Each affected__._-.._-.-.------------------ 2 : r Major: Over 3 instances.—Each affected.....-..........-.....-s-s 4 currence measured by placing a plastic Giger tags ee : grid marked off in ¥%4-inch squares (46 5 S170 eee Deviation in length or width between the 2 largest and 2 smallest square inch) over the defect area. Each Up to 4 inch__ 0 square is counted as 1 whether it is full ues % Anchen + or fractional. (fp OTe “ ” 6 Walghtses sree noes Weight ratio of the 2 heaviest divided by the 2 lightest sticks: (4) “Bones” means the presence of Over 1.0; not over 1.15_. 0 otentially harmful bones in a stick. A Over 1.15; not over 1.3 2 Pp 3 y Ones 1.3; not over 1:3... 5 potentially harmful bone is one that Over) ]:4s ee nae 10 after being cooked is capable of pierc- ing or hurting the palate. COOKED STATE. (5) “Texture defects of the coating” refers to the absence of the normal tex- 7 | Distortion. _._-----.-------- Minor: Bending, shrinking, twisting (14 to }4 inch).—Each affected_ 1 tural properties of the coating which are majors Excessive bending, shrinking, twisting (over }4inch).—Each 2 crispness and tenderness. Coating tex- affected, Bare Spots, blistering, ridges; breaks, curds 1 ture defects are dryness, soggyness, C ap rnin Teaeyeen aa erm i mushiness, doughyness, toughness, pas- © || CBRN CRICUEE cacao GE, FED CUTS Os Sn OS GOO ta orcemoceceoaesancceescensecs tyness, as sensed by starchiness or other Hachiaffected Raa ae ae 2 v Ree Senso racvienertet sticky properties felt by mouth tissues Skin, blood spots, bruises, discolorations } and/or mealiness. ” 9 | Blemishes__-...-.---------- Minor: 1 to 6 instances,—Each affected_-__ 2 (6) “Texture defects of the fish flesh Major: Over 6 instances.—Each affected_-.-—----------_.- 4 refers to the absence of the normal tex- 0} | PBonesSiasesecanenesesscene—! Sticks containing bones (potentially barmful).—Each affected__ 10 tural properties of the cooked fish flesh, nl = xl arial degree: Moderately ary, SREY, doughy or tough By which are tenderness, firmness, and arge degree: Farinaceous (mealy), pasty, very tough_ A . 12 ish fleshueses=sessoae Small degree: Moderately dry, soft, mushy. 5 moistness without excess water. elite Large degree: Dry to the point of fibrousness, very mushy, tough or 15 defects of the flesh are dryness, mushi- rubbery. 1 An instance=each {6 square inch (14-inch square). § 277.21 Definitions. (a) Selection of the sample unit: The sample unit shall consist of 10 frozen raw breaded fish sticks taken at random from one or more packages as required. The fish sticks are spread out on a flat pan or sheet and are examined accord- ing to table 1. Definitions of factors for point deductions are as follows: (b) Examination of sample, frozen state: (1) “Condition of package” refers to the presence in the package of loose breading and/or loose frost. @) “Ease of separation” refers to the difficulty of separating sticks from each other or from packaging material that are frozen together during the freezing. (3) “Broken stick” means a stick with a break or cut equal to or greater than one-half the width of the stick. (4) “Damaged stick” means a stick that has been mashed, physically or Mechanically injured, misshaped or mutilated to the extent that its appear- ance is materially affected. The amount of damage is measured by using a grid composed of squares 1%4 inch (that is, Squares with an area of 4%. square inch each) to measure the area of the stick affected. Deductions are not made for damage less than 4. square inch. (5) “Uniformity of size” refers to the degree of uniformity in length and width the degree of uniformity of the weights ‘of the sticks. Uniformity is measured by the combined weight of the two heaviest sticks divided by the combined weight of the two lightest sticks. No de- ductions are made for weight ratios less than 1.15. (c) Cooked state means the state of the product after cooking in accordance with the instructions accompanying the product. However, if specific instruc- tions are lacking, the product for in- spection is cooked as follows: Transfer the product, while still in frozen state, into a wire mesh fry basket large enough to hold the fish sticks in a single layer and cook by immersing 2-3 minutes in 375° F. liquid or hydrogenated cooking oil. After cooking, allow the fish sticks to drain 15 seconds and place the fish sticks on a paper napkin or towel to ab- sorb excess oil. (d) Examination of sample, cooked state: (1) “Distortion” refers to the degree of bending of the long axis of the stick. Distortion is measured as the greatest deviation from the long axis. Deduc- tions are not made for deviations of less than 4 inch. (2) “Coating defects” refers to breaks, lumps, ridges, depressions, blisters or swells and curds in the coating of the ness, toughness, and rubberyness. (e) General definitions: (1) “Small” (overall assessment) re- fers to a condition that is noticeable but is not seriously objectionable. 5 (2) “Large” (overall assessment) re- fers to a condition that not only is no- ticeable but is seriously objectionable. (3) “Minor” (individual assessment) refers to a defect that slightly affects the appearance and/or utility of the product. (4) “Major” (individual assessment) refers to a defect that seriously affects the appearance and/or utility of the product. (f) Minimum fish flesh content refers to the minimum percent, by weight, of the average fish flesh content of 3 or more additional sticks per sample unit as determined by the following method: (1) Equipment needed. (i) Water bath (for example, a 3- to 4-liter beaker). =: (ii) Balance accurate to 0.1 gram. (iii) Clip tongs of wire, plastic, or glass. (iv) Stop-watch or regular watch readable to a second. (v) Paper towels. (vi) Spatula, 4-inch blade with rounded tip. (vii) Nut picker. (viii) Thermometer (immersion type) accurate to +2° F. (ix) Copper sulfate crystals (CuSOs -5H20—one pound. 106 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW (2) Procedure. (i) Weigh all sticks in the sample while they are still hard frozen. (ii) Place each stick individually in the water bath maintained at 63° F. to 86° F. and allow to remain until the breading becomes soft and can easily be removed from the still frozen fish flesh (between 10 to 80 seconds for sticks held in storage at 0° F.). If the sticks were prepared using batters that are difficult to remove after one dipping, redip them for up to 5 seconds after the initial de- breading and remove residual batter materials. Norte: Several preliminary trials may be necessary to determine the exact dip time required for “debreading” the sticks in a sample unit. For these trials only, a sat- urated solution of copper sulfate (1 pound of copper sulphate in 2 liters of tap water) is necessary. The correct dip time is the minimum time of immersion in the copper sulfate solution required before the bread- ing can easily be scraped off, provided that (1) the “debreaded” sticks are still solidly frozen and (2) only a slight trace of blue color is visible on the: surface of the ‘‘de- breaded” fish sticks. (iii) Remove the stick from the bath; blot lightly with double thickness paper toweling; and scrape off or pick out coating from the fish flesi with the spat- ular or nut picker. (iv) Weigh all the “debreaded” fish sticks. (v) Calculate the percent of fish flesh in the sample by the following formula: Percent fish flesh __ Weight of fish flesh (iv) Weight of raw breaded fish sticks (i) § 277.25 Tolerances for certification of officially drawn samples. The sample rate and grades of specific lots shall be certified in accordance with Part 260, of this chapter (Regulations Governing Processed Fishery Products, 25 F.R. 8427, September 1, 1960) except that a sample unit shall consist of 10 sticks taken at random from one or more packages as required, x (100) State Department AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOREIGN CURRENCY LOANS AVAILABLE TO UNITED STATES FIRMS: The equivalent of 180 million United States dollars in foreign currencies is avail- able for lending to qualified United States firms, the Agency for International Develop- ment (AID) announced on May 1, 1963. Of this amount, 167 million dollars in "Cooley" funds is available in 25 countries. AID is actively encouraging ''Cooley" loan applications in the following 19 countries: (Latin American area)--Boliva and Para- guay; (Near East-South Asia area)--Egypt, Greece, India, Iran, Israel, Pakistan, Syria, Vol. 25, No. 7 and Turkey; (Far East area)--Taiwan, Indo- nesia, Korea, and Vietnam; (Africa-Europe area)--Finland, Guinea, Morocco, Sudan, and Tunisia. No new applications are being accepted for Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, the Philip- pines, and Uruguay because applications on hand exceed funds presently available. "Cooley" loans are available to qualified United States business firms and their affili- ates for development or expansion of their foreign operations; and to foreign firms if their use will result in the expansion of mar- kets for United States agricultural products. This program is named after Representative Harold D. Cooley of North Carolina, who spon- sored the amendment to Public Law 480 (Food for Peace) authorizing such loans. The loans are in local currencies received from the sales of United States agricultural products and are repayable in local currencies. In addition, local currencies are available for lending in Brazil. Through agreements with that country, the equivalent of 12.8 mil- lion dollars in cruzeiros is available to pri- vate companies from the National Bank of Brazil, At least half this amount maybe lent to United States enterprises. wert on Department of the Treasury INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE DEDUCTION FOR SOIL OR WATER CONSERVATION EXPENDITURES EXTENDED TO FISH FARMERS: On April 18, 1963, the Internal Revenue Service announced (Federal Register, April 18, 1963) that income tax regulations relating to the deduction for soil and water conservation available to farmers since 1954, would be ex- tended to fish farmers. The anouncement as it appeared in the Federal Register follows: Title 26--INTERNAL REVENUE Chapter I-—Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Treasury {T.D. 6649] PART I1—INCOME TAX; TAXABLE YEARS BEGINNING AFTER DECEM- BER 31, 1953 Farming The Income Tax Regulations (26 CFR Part 1) under section 175 of the Internal July 1963 Revenue Code of 1954, relating to the deduction of soil or water conservation expenditures by farmers, are amended to extend the application of that section to fish farmers. The amended provi- sions read as follows: Paragraph 1. Section 1.175-3 is amended to read as follows: § 1.175-3 Definition of “the business of farming.” The method described in section 175 is available only to a taxpayer engaged in “the business of farming’. A taxpayer is engaged in the business of farming if he cultivates, operates, or Manages a farm for gain or profit, either as owner or tenant. For the purpose of section 175, a taxpayer who receives a rental (either in cash or in kind) which is based upon farm production is engaged in the business of farming. However, a taxpayer who receives a fixed rental (without reference to production) is en- gaged in the business of farming only if he participates to a material extent in the operation or management of the farm. A taxpayer engaged in forestry or the growing of timber is not thereby en- gaged in the business of farming. A person cultivating or operating a farm for recreation or pleasure rather than a profit is not engaged in the business of farming. For the purpose of this sec- tion, the term “farm” is used in its ordi- nary, accepted sense and includes stock, dairy, poultry, fish, fruit, and truck farms, and also plantations, ranches, ranges, and orchards. A fish farm is an area where fish are grown or raised, as United States District Court FISHERMEN CONSIDERED EMPLOYEES FOR TAX PURPOSES: Fishing vessel crews and captains who operate under the ''share'' system are con- sidered employees for Federal tax purposes, according to a ruling handed down April 9, 1963, by a Judge of the United States District Court in Portland, Maine. Two New England vessel owners had filed suit to recover a substantial amount of money paid out in So- cial Security and unemployment taxes over a period of three years. The owners claimed that they should not have had to pay the taxes COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW opposed to merely caught or harvested; that is, an area where they are artificial- ly fed, protected, cared for, etc. A tax- payer is engaged in “the business of farming” if he is a member of a partner- ship engaged in the business of farming. See paragraphs (a) (8) (i) and (c) (1) (iv) of § 1.702-1. Par. 2. Paragraph (a) (1) of § 1.175-4 is amended to read as follows: § 1.175-4 Definition of “land used in farming”’’. (a) ** © (1) The land must be used for the pro- duction of crops, fruits, or other agricul- tural products, including fish, or for the sustenance of livestock. The term “live- stock” includes cattle, hogs, horses, mules, donkeys, sheep, goats, captive fur- bearing animals, chickens, turkeys, pi- geons, and other poultry. Land used for the sustenance of livestock includes land used for grazing such livestock. * * * = * Par. 3. That portion of the material preceding the example in paragraph (a) (2) of § 1.175-5 is amended to read as follows: § 1.175—-5 Percentage limitation and carryover. (a) The limitation. * * * (2) Definition of “gross income from farming.” For the purpose of section 175, the term ‘“‘gross income from farm- ing’ means the gross income of the tax- payer, derived in “the business of farm- ing” as defined in § 1.175-3, from the pro- duction of crops, fruits, or other agricul- 107 tural products, including fish, or from livestock (including livestock held for draft, breeding, or dairy purposes). It includes such income from land used in farming other than that upon which ex- penditures are made for soil or water conservation or for the prevention of erosion of land. It does not include gains from sales of assets such as farm machinery or gains from the disposition of land. A taxpayer shall compute his “gross income from farming” in accord- ance with his accounting method used in determining gross income. (See the regulations under section 61 relating to accounting methods used by farmers in determining gross income.) The provi- sions of this subparagraph may be illus- trated by the following example. Because this Treasury decision serves only to liberalize the existing interpreta- tion of section 175 and will not adversely affect any existing rights accorded tax- payers, it is found that it is unnecessary to issue such Treasury decision with notice and public procedure thereon un- der section 4(a) of the Administrative Procedure Act, approved June 11, 1946, or subject to the effective date limitation of section 4(c) of that Act. (Sec. 7805, Internal Revenue Code of 1954; 68A Stat. 917; 26 U.S.C. 7805) [SEAL] MortTIMErR M. CaPLin, Commissioner of Internal Revenue. Approved: April 12, 1963. STANLEY S. SURREY, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury. Eighty-Eighth Congress (First Session) Public bills and resolutions which may directly or indirectly affect the fisheries and on fishing vessel payrolls because the crew- men were not considered employees, but were independent contractors, The United States District Court Judge ruled that ''the relation- ship which the parties (vessel owners and fishermen) intended to, and did in fact, estab- lish, was an employment relationship within the meaning of the applicable statutes." Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1962 p. 78 8 allied industries are reportedupon, Introduc- tion, referral to committees, pertinent legis- lative actions by the House and Senate, as well as signature into law or other final dis- position are covered. ANADROMOUS FISH CONSERVATION: H.R. 6856 (Tupper) introduced in House on June 6, 1963, to au-— thorize the Secretary of the Interior to initiate a pro- gram for the conservation, development, and enhance- ment of the Nation's anadromous fish in cooperation with the several States; referred to the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, 108 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW ANTIDUMPING ACT AMENDMENT: H.R, 6517 (Olsen) May 23, 1963; H.R. 6918 (Monagan) June 11, 1963; H.R. 7064 (Baker) and H. R. 7063 (Herlong) June 17, 1963; H.R. 7122 (Harsha) June 19, 1963; H.R, 7222 (Gilbert) and H, R. 7225 (Hemphill) June 24, 1963; and H, R. 7241 (McIntire) and H.R. 7260 (Green) June 25, 1963, introduced in House, to amend the Antidumping Act, 1921; referred to Committee on Ways and Means. CHEMICAL PESTICIDE COORDINATION: The Sen- ate Committee on Commerce on June 6, 1963, began hearings on S, 1250, to provide for advance consulta- tion with the Fish and Wildlife Service and with State wildlife agencies before the beginning of any Federal program involving the use of pesticides or other chem- icals designed for mass biological controls, and S$, 1251, to amend the Act of August 1, 1958, in order to prevent or minimize injury to fish and wildlife from the use of insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and pesticides. The Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Con- servation of the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries began hearings June 18, 1963, on H. R. 2857, to provide for advance consultation with the Fish and Wildlife Service and with State wildlife agencies before the beginning of any Federal program involving the use of pesticides or other chemicals designed for mass biological controls; and H.R. 4487, to amend the Act of August 1, 1958, in order to prevent or minimize injury to fish and wildlife from the use of insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and pesticides. COLLISION AT SEA, REGULATIONS FOR PREVEN- TION: On June 4, 1963, the House Committee on Mer - Chant Marine and Fisheries met in executive session and ordered reported favorably, amended, H.R, 6012, to authorize the President to proclaim regulations for preventing collisions at sea. The House on June 6, 1963, received the report (H. Rept. 365) from the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries on H.R. 6012, COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN: H.R. Doc. 403, Vol- umes I, IV, and V, Columbia River and Tributaries (A Tetter from the Secretary of the Army transmitting a letter from the Chief of Engineers, Department of the Army, dated March 31, 1961, submitting a report, to- gether with accompanying papers and illustrations, ona review of the Columbia River and tributaries, requested by resolution of the Committee on Public Works, Unit- ed States Senate adopted July 28, 1955, and other reso- lutions by the Committee and by the Committee on Public Works, House of Representatives, listed in the report, House of Representatives, 87th Congress, 2nd Session), 641 pp.,492pp., and 170 pp., respectively, illus., printed. Volume I contains chapters on the Co- lumbia River Basin, flood control, power, navigation, other water uses, Willamette River Basin, potential plans, selection of major water plan, and accomplish- ments of the major water plan. Chapter V, Other Wa- ter Uses, covers the commercial and sport fisheries in the Columbia River Basin, the size and status of migratory fish runs, fisheries development program, fish-handling facilities at high dams, recommendations of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, water pollution abatement, and recreational resources of the Pacific Northwest. Volume IV, contains Appendix D, Reports of Other Agencies, which include National Park Serv- ice, U.S. Forest Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice, Public Health Service, and Soil Conservation Serv- ice, Volume V contains Appendix E, Project Details, Vol. 25, No. 7 which include project drawings, detailed cost estimates and specific Congressional resolutions. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES FUND: The Senate Com- mittee on Commerce on June 4, 1963, in executive ses- sion, ordered favorably reported, with amendment S, 627, to promote State commercial fishery researchand development projects, and for other purposes. COMMODITY PACKAGING AND LABELING: H, R. 6674 (Grabowski) introduced in House May 29, 1963, to amend the Clayton Act to prohibit restraints of trade carried into effect through the use of unfair and decep- tive methods of packaging or labeling certain consumer commodities distributed in commerce, and for other purposes; referred to Committee on the Judiciary, The Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monopoly of the Senate Committee on the Judiciary on June 13, 1963, in executive session, approved for full committee con- sideration with amendments S, 387, to amend the Clay- ton Act to prohibit restraints of trade carried into ef- fect through the use of unfair and deceptive methods of packaging or labeling certain consumer commodities distributed in commerce, and for other purposes, CONTROL OF RED TIDE IN FLORIDA'S GULF with a memorial from the Senate (Senate Memorial 637) of the Florida Legislature to the U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries and the U.S. Public Health Service urging their cooperation to the fullest extent with State agencies in the control of the red tide in Florida's Gulf waters. Referred to the Senate Committee on Com- merce, EXEMPT TRANSPORTATION OF AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY PRODUCTS: The House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce on June 4, 1963, re- sumed hearings on H.R, 4700, to exempt certain carri- ers from minimum rate regulation in the transportation of bulk commodities, agricultural and fishery products, and passengers, and for other purposes. The hearings were concluded by the Committee on June 7, 1963. The Senate on June 17, 1963, and the House on June 19, 1963, were presented with a joint resolution of the Leg- islature of the State of Maine urging that Congress take action on H.R, 4700. The Surface Transportation Subcommittee of the Senate Committee on Commerce on June 14, 1963, ad- journed the hearings, subject to call, on S, 1061, to exempt certain carriers from minimum rate regulation in the transportation of bulk commodities, agricultural and fishery products, and passengers, and for other purposes. EXTENSION OF CANADIAN TERRITORIAL WA- TERS: On June 6, 1963, Senator Bartlett (Alaska) presented a statement to the Senate (Congressional Record, June 6, 1963, pp. 9707-9708) on t é announce - ment made by Prime Minister Lester Pearson of Can- ada, that Canada will adopt the base line principle and a 12-mile territorial limit to protect its off-shore fish- ing resources. He stated '',. .that the United Kingdom aas recently called for a conference among European nations for the purpose of considering the multilateral extension of the territorial waters in respect to fishing rights. Our Federal Government which has the power to do so, has not taken unilateral action to establish base lines outside the 1958 Geneva Convention nor have we taken any action in terms of extending our terri- July 1963 torial waters beyond the 3-mile limit to protect our fishery resources. The basis of our inaction could well have been founded on a fear that unilateral action on our part might excite other nations to act independently, But while we have been waiting, Canada has acted on its own and European nations are moving in concert in that direction, We must move ahead in the same direc- tion.'' Also included in his statement is an article car- ried by the New York Times of June 5 on Prime Min- ister Pearson's statement. FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND RO- duced in Senate May 29, 1963, to amend the Federal Insecticide, and Rodenticide Act, as amended, to pro- vide for labeling of economic poisons with registration numbers, and to eliminate registration under protest; referred to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. Also introduced in the House H.R. 6828 (Rosenthal) June 5, 1963, and H.R. 6913 (Dingell), June 11, 1963; both referred to the Committee on Agriculture. FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS EMBARGO: H.R, 6656 and S, 1651 (Engle & Magnuson) introduced in the Sen- ate June 4, 1963, to authorize the President of the Unit- ed States to place an embargo on certain fish and fish products; referred to the House Committee on Ways and Means and the Senate Committee on Finance. Would empower and direct the President of the United States to impose an embargo against fisheries imports from any nation adjudged to be harassing or interfering with American-flag vessels on the high seas. FISH & WILDLIFE ACT OF 1956 AMENDMENT: H, R. 7067 (Dingell) introduced in House June 17, 1963, to amend the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956, to permit civil actions for damages in the case of water pollution affecting fish and wildlife; referred to the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. FOOD-FOR-PEACE, AND FISH: H.R, 6621 (Tupper) introduced in House May 27, 1963, relating to domes- tically-produced fishery products; referred to Commit- tee on Ways and Means. Identical or similar to other bills previously introduced in House, IMPORT COMMODITY LABELING: The Senate Committee on Finance, in executive session, June 12, 1963, ordered favorably reported without amendment H.R. 2513, to amend the Tariff Act of 1930, to require certain new packages of imported articles tobe marked to indicate the country of orgin, and for other purposes, Would make three substantial changes in existing law: (1) it would be required that articles removed from a container be marked to show country of origin; (2) con- tainers for articles for export to the United States must be marked to indicate that in event of repackag- ing, such repackaging must contain the designation of the country of origin; and (3) there is a penalty provi- sion for failure to comply with these marking require- ments applicable in the case of repackaging. The Sen- ate on June 13, 1963, received the report (S. Rept. 243) on H.R, 2513, INTERIOR DEPARTMENT APPROPRIATIONS FY 1964: The Senate Committee on Appropriations May 22, 1963, in executive session, marked up and ordered favorably reported with amendments H.R. 5279, making appropriations for the Department of the Interior and related agencies for the fiscal year 1964, and for other purposes, The Senate received the report (S. Rept. 181 from the Committee on May 23, 1963, nay re COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 109 Senators Moss, Young (North Dakota), Mundt, An- derson, Jackson, and Hayden, on May 23, 1963, filed notices of intention to move to suspend the rules for purposes of proposing amendments to H.R. 5279. S. Rept. 181, Interior Department and Related Agen- cies Appropriation Bill, Tota (May 22, 1963, report from the Committee on Appropriations, U.S. Senate, 88th Congress, Ist Session, to accompany H, R. 5279), 40 pp., printed. Included are funds for the Fish and Wildlife Service, its two bureaus--Commercial Fish- eries and Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, and the Office of the Commissioner, For the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries under man- agement and investigations of resources, the Commit- tee recommended an appropriation of $18,582,500, this is $445,500 under the budget estimate of $19,028,000 but $1,407,500 over the House allowance. For research, the Committee recommended $9,778,300, an increase of $625,600 over the House al- lowance, Of this increase $87,600 is for expanded re- search on effects of pesticides, $6,500 for payment to employee's compensation fund, and $531,500 for the oceanographic program, In marketing and technology, the Committee recom- mended $3,997,800, an increase of $136,800 for initia- tion of a North Pacific gear research and development program, For Columbia River fishery facilities activ- ity. the Committee recommended $2,088,000, the budget estimate, an increase of $8,100 over the House allow- ance. In addition, the Committee recommended $537,000 for the following: Technical assistance in the Big Bend and other reservoir areas in South Dakota......... $92,000 Biological studies of menhaden in the Gulf of MIMS Sob odoDoOGodoodo Oo oa dba > UAB, OOM Research on means of controlling the red tide JoolSpalopeeINON G6 ogoabodocoHd ob aan 45 JAO,000 Research on commercial methods of processing and preserving kingandtanner crabandshrimp 75,000 Research on commercial utilization of rough fish in the Mississippi River........... 125,000 MEMS G6 OH odO OO Ob boo Oo aa 00. De OOW) For ''Construction'' the Committee recommended an appropriation of $4,458,000, $2,658,000 more than the House allowance, but $1,295,000 less than the budget estimate. The increase over the House allowance in- cludes $2,650,000 for construction of a fishery research vessel for use in the North Pacific and Bering Sea and $8,000 additional for advanced planning for construction of laboratories and vessels, The $1,095,000 requested for the shellfish research center at Milford, Connecti- cut, and the $200,000 restoration requested for opera- tional studies on Columbia River fishery facilities, were not allowed, For ''General Administrative Expenses," the Commit- tee recommended an appropriation of $653,000, an in- crease of $13,000 over the House allowance but a de- crease of $42,000 under the budget estimate. For the special foreign currency program, the Com- mittee concurred with the House allowance of $300,000, the same as the budget estimate. 110 The Committee concurred with the House allowance of $750,000 for construction of fishing vessels. This is the full amount of the budget estimate and provides sub- sidy payments for fishing vessels constructed in Unit- ed States shipyards. For the administration of the Pribilof Islands, the Committee concurred with the House allowance of $2,468,000. This is a decrease of $85,000 under the budget estimate which is now unnessary inasmuch as the Bureau has acquired a needed supply vessel through the accelerated public works program, For the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, the Committee recommended an appropriation of $31,685,400, $201,400 over the budget estimate and $1,806,000 over the House allowance. Increases of appropriations are for operation of new hatcheries and other facilities; planning of the National Fisheries Center and Aquar- ium; expansion of pesticide-wildlife studies; water- fowl management investigations; investigations of wild- life control methods; and site selection and engineer- ing design of a marine game fish research station at Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. The Committee concurred with the House appropri- ation of $386,000, the same as the budget estimate, for the Office of the Commissioner. The Senate on May 28, 1963, passed with amend- ments H.R. 5279, making appropriations for the De- partment of the Interior and related agencies for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1964, and for other pur- poses. One of the amendments (Boggs) increased the funds for the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries by $100,000 for disease-resistant oyster research, The bill as passed by the Senate would appropriate $24,843,500 for the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, an increase of $4,078,500 over the House appropriation, but $1,782,500 less than the budget estimate, The funds for the Office of the Commissioner remained the same as the House had allotted--$386,000 and the same as the budget estimate. For the Bureau of Sport Fish- eries and Wildlife, the Senate bill appropriates $48,942,900 an increase of $4,060,500 over the House- passed bill of $44,882,400; the budget estimate for 1964 was $47,754,000. The Senate insisted on its amend- ments, asked for conference with House, and appointed as conferees Senators Hayden, Russel, McClellan, Bible, Byrd (West Virginia), Mundt, and Young (North Dakota). MEDICAL CARE FOR VESSEL PERSONNEL: The Senate on May 27, 1963, received the report (S. Rept. 194) from the Committee on Commerce on S, 978, to provide medical care for certain persons engaged on board a vessel in the care, preservation, or navigation of such vessel. Bill restores to self-employed United States fishermen eligibility for medical care in hospi- tals, outpatient clinics, and other medical facilities of the Public Health Service in the event of illness or in- jury incurred while engaged in their hazardous but es- sential occupation, The Senate on May 28, 1963, passed S. 978. The The House on May 29, 1963, received from the Senate, S. 978, referred to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, H.R. 7002 (McIntire) introduced in House June 12, 1963, to provide medical care for certain persons en- gaged on board a vessel in the care, preservation, or COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW WO, BD, IN©, 7 navigation of such vessel; referred to Committee on In- terstate and Foreign Commerce. OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PROGRAM: Intro- duced in House, H.R. 6997 (Lennon) and H. R. 7015 (Pelly) June 12, 1963; H.R. 7029 (Casey), H.R. 7036 (Keith), and H.R. 7040 (Rogers) June 13, 1963, to pro- vide for a comprehensive, long-range, and coordinated national program in oceanography, and for other pur- poses; all referred to Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, OUTDOOR RECREATION BUREAU: H. Rept. 303, Federal and State Programs Relating to Outdoor Rec- reation (May 15, 1963, a report from the Committee of Conference, House of Representatives, 88th Congress, 1st Session, to accompany S. 20, to promote the co- ordination and development of effective Federal and State programs relating to outdoor recreation, and for other purposes), 5 pp., printed. The Committee having agreed, recommended passage of the bill to their re- spective Houses. Contains the statement of the managers on the part of the House. The President on May 28, 1963, signed the bill S. 20, (P.L. 88-29). Authorities and responsibilities given the Secretary of the Interior include maintenance of an in- ventory of outdoor recreation facilities, establishment of a classification system, provision for technical as- sistance, encouragement of regional cooperation by the States and developing facilities, conducting research, cooperating with educational institutions in developing personnel and disseminating recreation knowledge, and promoting coordination of Federal activities in outdoor recreation. SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS FY 1963, Sup- lemental Appropriations for 1963 (Hearings before the iScammntica on Appropriations, United States Senate, 88th Congress, 1st Session on H.R. 5517, making sup- plemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1963, and for other purposes), 979 pp., printed. Contains the hearings held, with testimony from the various agencies requesting supplemental appropria- tions. Included is the testimony for the Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries, the justifications, etc., for the funds requested, H. Rept. 290, Supplemental Appropriation Bill, 1963, (May 13, 1963, a report from the Committee of Confer- ence, House of Representatives 88th Congress, lstSes- sion, to accompany H.R. 5517), 9 pp., printed. The Com- mittee on Conference, agreed and recommended passage of the bill to their respective Houses. Contains the re- port and the statement of the managers on the part of the House. The President on May 17, 1963, signed H.R. 5517 (P. L, 88-25). leg ic TRANSPORTATION ACT OF 1963: The House Com- mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce onJune 4, 1963, resumed hearings on H. R. 4701, to provide for strengthening and improving the national transportation system, and for other purposes. The Committee on June 7, 1963, concluded the hearings on H. R. 4701. The Surface Transportation Subcommittee of the Senate Committee on Commerce, June 14, 1963, ad- journed the hearings, subject to call, on S. 1062, to strengthen and improve the national transportation system and for other purposes. July 1963 VESSEL COLLISION LIABILITY: The Subcommit- tee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries of the Senate Committee on Commerce on May 22, 1963, recessed hearings, subject to call, on S, 555, to unify apportion- ment of liability in cases of collision between vessels and in other maritime casualties. VESSEL OWNERS LIABILITY: The Subcommittee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries of the Senate Com- mittee on Commerce on May 22, 1963, recessed hear- ings, subject to call, on S. 556, to limit the liability of shipowners, and for other purposes. WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION: The Special Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution of the Senate Committee on Public Works, on June 17, 1963, began a series of hearings on S. 649, to amend COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 111 the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended, to establish the Federal Water Pollution Control Ad- ministration, to increase grants for construction of municipal sewage treatment works, to provide financial assistance to municipalities and others for the separa- tion of combined sewers, to authorize the issuance of regulations to aid in preventing, controllingand abating pollution of interstate, or navigable waters, and for other purposes, WATER POLLUTION CONTROL TRANSFER TO INTERIOR DEPARTMENT: H. R, 6494 (Dingell) intro- duced in House May 23, 1963, transferring to the Sec- retary of the Interior all functions relating to water pollution control; referred to the Committee on Public Works, iL COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 7 FISHERY INDICATORS CHART |. FISHERY LANDINGS for SELECTED STATES In Millions of Pounds MAINE, MASSACHUSETTS, AND RHODE ISLAND LEGEND: NEW JERSEY AND NEW YORK CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA 4 MQS. 1963 - 141.0 4 i 1962 - 136.4 i MQs . pees = 12 1962 - 822.7 ao Mee JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC Q JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC MARYLAND AND VIRGINIA NORTH CAROLINA, SOUTH CAROLINA, AND GEORGIA 140 CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA zr mgs. 1963 - 38.1 3 MQS. 1963 - 2 120 RS 1962 - 32.4 Sia nee = eee 1962 - 218.0 - 539, 100 80 60 FLORIDA CUMULATIVE DATA 4 49S. 1963 - 51.9 4, 1962 - 12 1962 - 18 CUMULATIVE DATA 963 28.1 1962 - 23.2 1962 - 1,218.1 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC CALIFORNIA 2/ CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA IS. 1963 - 162.6 4 -MQS. 1963 - 1962 - 19 QS» 1963 Aut 1962 - 52 15.2 Qe 1962 - 12 1962 - JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC T/ONLY PARTIAL--INCLUDING PRODUCTION OF MAJOR FISHERIES AND MARKET FISH LANDINGS AT PRINCIPAL PORTS. July 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 113 CHART 2 - LANDINGS for SELECTED FISHERIES In Millions of Pounds HADDOCK (Maine and Massachusetts) CUMULATIVE DATA OCEAN PERCH (Maine and Massachusetts) CUMULATIVE DATA S MS. 1963 37.5 5 mgs. 1963 - 52.5 ) 1962 - 52.6 1962 - 118. S 1962 52.2 12 1962 24.2 12 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC eyye In Millions JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 1/ SHRIMP (Gulf States—' including Florida West Coast) CUMULATIVE DATA WHITING (Maine and Massachusetts) 963 21 1962 - 18.1 1962 - 150.3 5 MgS. 1963 - Sad nunosei= 12 1962 - 90. JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC U/LA. & ALA. DATA BASED ON LANDINGS AT PRINCIPAL PORTS AND ARE NOT COM- PLETE. In Thousands of Tons PACIFIC AND JACK MACKEREL (California) MENHADEN (East and Gulf Coasts) CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA 5 MgS. 1963 5 1962 12 5 MQS. 1963 - 25,2 5, 1962 - 22.6 12 1962 - 69.2 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC In Thousands of Tons PILCHARD (California) CUMULATIVE DATA Py 1962/63 SEASON, TOTAL a dy 1961/62 SEASON, TOTAL - 22.3 LEGEND: = 1962/63 ——— 1961/62 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY 2/SEASON TOTAL, AUG. 1, 1962-FEB. 28, 1963. 3/SEASON TOTAL, auc. 1, 1961-FeB. 28, 1962, 114 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 7 CHART 3 - COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS and FREEZINGS of FISHERY PRODUCTS * In Millions of Pounds LEGEND: U. S, HOLDINGS U. S. FREEZINGS seeeeees 1963 eee 1962 CUMULATIVE DATA 5 MQS. 5 “ 12 1963 - 343.5 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC NEW ENGLAND HOLDINGS !/ 2/ALL EAST COAST STATES FROM N. -Y. SOUTH. MIDDLE-WEST HOLDINGs2/ GULF & SOUTH CENTRAL HOLDincs2!/ JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC S/OHIO, IND., ILL., MICH., WIS., MINN., 1OWA, MO., N. DAK. JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC NEBR. & KANS. 4/ALA., MISS., LA., TEX., ARK., KY., & TENN. WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND ALASKA HOLDINGS CALIFORNIA HOLDINGS 56 48 40 32 24 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC * Excludes salted, cured, and smoked products. July 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 115 CHART 4 - RECEIPTS and COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS of FISHERY PRODUCTS at PRINCIPAL DISTRIBUTION CENTERS In Millions of Pounds RECEIPTS 2/ av WHOLESALE SALT-WATER MARKET NEW YORE COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS 2! (Fresh and Frozen) CITY CUMULATIVE DATA S mgs. 1963 - 71.8 36 1962 - 71.5 12 1962 - 175.9 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC T/INCLUDE TRUCK AND RAIL IMPORTS FROM CANADA AND DIRECT VESSEL LANDINGS 2/AS REPORTED BY PLANTS IN METROPOLITAN AREA. AT NEW YORK CITY. RECEIPTS AT WHOLESALE MARKET (Fresh and Frozen) CHICAGO COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS CUMULATIVE DATA 5 MS. 1963 - 26.1 5 |, 1962 - 30.0 1962 - 74.1 UAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC BOSTON COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC SEATTLE WHOLESALE MARKET RECEIPTS, LANDINGS, & IMPORTS (Fresh and Frozen) CUMULATIVE DATA 5 MQS. 1963 - 34.4 3 Mes 1962 - 26.9 - 95.2 “ 2 1962 LEGEND: eteeeees 1963 ———— «1962 MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC FISH MEAL (In Thousands of Tons) CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA 5S mgs. 1963 5 MQS. 1963 - 5 |, 1962 - 56.0 5 , 1962 12 1962 - 288.3 12 1962 - 255.8 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 116 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 29, No. 7 CHART 6- CANNED PACKS of SELECTED FISHERY PRODUCTS In Thousands of Standard Cases L 5/ TUNA AND TUNALIKE FISH - CALIFORNIA MACKEREL — - CALIFORNIA CUMULATIVE DATA 5 MQS. 1963 - 3,685.1 5 | 1962 - 4,800.1 1962 - 10,607.4 1962 ——— 1961 CUMULATIVE DATA 5 |, 1962 - 385.6 12 1962 - 1,220.4 5 QS. 1963 - =| 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 5/ INCLUDES PACIFIC MACKEREL AND JACK MACKEREL. JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC ANCHOVIES - CALIFORNIA SALMON - ALASKA CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA S mgs. 1963 - 1 MQ. 1963 - 132.1 B95 1962 1 9 1962 - 284. 1962 - 12 MOS. 1962 - 3,511.1 0 Rs UAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC / SARDINES! (Estimated) - MAINE STANDARD CASES CUMULATIVE DATA ie Trae 2/ : 1962 SEASON, Variety No.Cans Designation Net Wet. TOTAL - 2,144.4 1961 SEASON 1 Total = = ~=—-753.6 SARDINES 4 drawn 3% oz. # 3 tuna PILCHARDS... # 1 oval SALMON 1-lb. tall ANCHOVIES... t-1b. 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 1/ INCLUDING SEA HERRING. 2/ THE 1962 SEASON STARTED DEC. 2, 196), SARDINES - CALIFORNIA EGEND: ——=-_11 962/63 CUMULATIVE DATA -_—— 1900/63 280 SHRIMP - GULF STATES CUMULATIVE DATA xo 1962/63 SEASON, TOTAL - 60.0 4 1962/63 SEASON, AUG.-MAY - 563.4 1961/62 SEASON, AUG.-MAY - 315.3 1961/62 SEASON, TOTAL - 589.7 1961/62 SEASON, TOTAL - 504.4 0 = ead oh AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC. JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY 3/ SEASON TOTAL, AUG. 1, 1962-FE8. 28, 1963. 4/ SEASON TOTAL, AUG. 1, 1961-FEB. 28, 1962. July 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Waly CHART .7 - U.S. FISHERY PRODUCTS IMPORTS In Millions of Pounds LEGEND: FILLETS & STEAKS OTHER THAN GROUNDFISH seeseees 1963 (Fresh and Frozen) = 1962 GROUNDFISH (including Ocean Perch) FILLETS Fresh and } CUMULATIVE DATA 1963 - 80.0 27.5 1962 - 81.2 n 1962 - 28.8 1962 - 221.4 1962 - 76.4 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC SHRIMP FROM MEXICO (Fresh and Frozen) CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA S mgs. 1963 - 30.2 5 MQS. 1963 - 24.5 We 1362. 2916 5 in 1962 - 25.9 12)" 1962) = 77.7 12 1962 - 58.0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC SITES IMA EE UE Ai Ae Se oe ie SEA HERRING, FRESH, THROUGH MAINE PORTS CUMULATIVE DATA 3 MQs. 1963 - 3, 1962 - 12 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 1/ EXCLUDES LOINS AND DISCS. U. S. IMPORTS OF CANNED TUNA AND TUNALIKE FISH CANNED SARDINES (in Oil and in Brine) in Oil and not in Oil CUMULATIVE DATA 5S mgs. 1963 - 23.1 oS 5 1962 - 23.8 12 1962 - 52.9 CUMULATIVE DATA 5 MQgS. 1963 - 22.3 gs 1962 - 26.6 1962 - 65.4 —L—.. JAN =EB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 118 Fe ae FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE PUBLICATIONS THESE PROCESSED PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE FREE FROM THE OFFICE OF INFORMATION, U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, WASHING- TON 25, D. C. TYPES OF PUBLICATIONS ARE DESIGNATED AS FOLLOWS: CFS - CURRENT FISHERY STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES. FL - FISHERY LEAFLETS. MNL - REPRINTS OF REPORTS ON FOREIGN FISHERIES. SEP.- SEPARATES (REPRINTS) FROM COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW. SL STATISTICAL LISTS OF DEALERS IN AND PRODUCERS OF FISH- ERY PRODUCTS AND BYPRODUCTS. SSR.- FISH. - SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORTS--FISHERIES (LIMITED DISTRIBUTION). WL - WILDLIFE LEAFLETS. Number Title CFS-3139 - New Jersey Landings, 1962 Annual Sum- mary, 11 pp. CFS-3142 - United States Fisheries, 1961 Annual Sum- mary, 16 pp CFS-3147 - Rhode Island Landings, January 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3151 - Massachusetts Landings, November 1962, 6 pp. CFS-3153 - Virginia Landings, 1962, AnnualSummary, 9 pp. CFS-3160 - Frozen Fishery Products, March 1963, 8 pp. CFS-3161 - Maine Landings, February 1963, 4 pp. CFS-3162 - California Landings, December 1962, 4 pp. CFS-3163 - Massachusetts Landings, December 1962, 6 pp. CFS-3165 - California Landings, January 1963, 4 pp. CFS-3166 - Maryland Landings, February 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3167 - New York Landings, February 1963, 4 pp. CFS-3169 - New Jersey Landings, February 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3170 - Alabama Landings, January 1963, 2 pp. CFS-3171 - Fish Meal and Oil, February 1963, 2 pp. CFS-3172 - Wisconsin Landings, February 1963, 2 pp. CFS-3173 - Louisiana Landings, February 1963, 2 pp. CFS-3174 - Rhode Island Landings, 1962 Annual Sum- mary, 8 pp. CFS-3175 - Michigan Landings, January 1963, 2 pp. CFS-3176 - Shrimp Landings, September 1962, 8 pp. CFS-3177 - Rhode Island Landings, February 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3178 - Fish Sticks and Fish Portions, January- March 1963, 2 pp. CFS-3179 - Virginia Landings, February 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3181 - Mississippi Landings, February 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3183 - Great Lakes Fisheries, 1961 Annual Sum- mary, 15 pp. CFS-3184 - Georgia Landings, March 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3186 - Fish Meal and Oil, March 1963, 2 pp. CFS-3187 - North Carolina Landings, March 1963, 4pp. CFS-3188 - South Carolina Landings, March 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3189 - Florida Landings, March 1963, 9 pp. CFS-3192 - California Landings, February 1963, 4 pp. CFS-3195 - Louisiana Landings, March 1963, 2 pp. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW = RECENT = 5M aA. + Al ae Ola BSH Gs 0? 2 2-0 p commen = Wolly ZH; IN@, 7 eet aBase 4 DSA E Firms Canning, 1962 (Revised): SL-112 - Shrimp, 2 pp. SL-113 - Crab Meat, 2 pp. SL-116 - Foodfor Animals, from Marine-Animal Prod- - ucts, 3 pp. SL-119 - Squid, 1 p. SL-120 - Anchovies, 1 p. Firms Manufacturing, 1962 (Revised): SL-152 - ster Shell Products, 2 pp. SL-153 - Miscellaneous Industrial Fishery Products, 1p. SL-155 - Marine Pearl Shell Buttons, 1 p. SL-159 - Fresh-Water Mussel-Shell Products, 1 p. SL-160 - Menhaden Products, 2 pp. Wholesale Dealers in Fishery Products, 1962 (Revised): SL- 8 - Pennsylvania, 3 pp. SL-11 - Washington, D.C., 1 p. SL-13 - North Carolina, 6 pp. SL-14 - South Carolina, 3 pp. SL-15 - Georgia, 3 pp. SL-17 - Alabama, 3 pp. SL-18 - Mississippi, 3 pp. FL-323 - Snails, 7 pp., August 1962 (Revised). FL-549 - Marking Fish and Invertebrates, by George A. Rounsefell, 16 pp., 1963. SSR-Fish, No, 413 - Surface Currents of Lake Michigan, 1931 and 1932, by John Van Oosten 54pp., illus., 1963, SSR-Fish. No, 431 - A List of the Marine Mammals of the World, by Victor B. Scheffer and Dale W. Rice, 14 pp., 1963. SSR-Fish. No, 435 - Variation in Vertebral Numbers of Juvenile Atlantic Menhaden, by Doyle F. Suther- land, 25 pp., processed, 1963. SSR-Fish. No, 442 - Sea Surface Temperature Monthly Average and Anomaly Charts Eastern Tropical Pa- cific Ocean, 1947-58, by James A. Renner, 60 pp., illus., 1963. Sep. No. 677 - Bottom Fish Survey off the Oregon Coast, April-June 1961. Sep, No. 678 - Accuracy of the Official Method for De- termining Breading Percentages of Frozen Raw Breaded Shrimp. Sep. No. 679 - The Line-Trawl Fishery for Cod and Haddock at Chatham, Massachusetts. WL-441 - Selected Federal Laws on Fish and Wildlife Con- servation andthe Migratory Bird Treaties, 5 pp., 1962. July 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Biological Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, Fishery Re- search for the Year Ending June 30, 1962, Circular 161, 105 pp., 1963. Careers in Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, for Fishery Biologists and Wildlife Biologists (Brochure for Applicants), 16 pp., illus., December 1962, Bureau's program in the Great Lakes and Central Region is the economic betterment of the commer- cial fishing industry in all its phases--production, processing, and distribution--and improved prod- ucts and services for the consumer, This circular discusses the Great Lakes and Central Region as a market for fish and as a producer of fish. It also discusses the unique management situation created by the fact that the lakes are owned by the States, and the U.S. fisheries operate under eight separate State fishery codes, as many as four of which may apply within a single lake; the Ontario regulations add still another code on every lake but Michigan. A section on the immediate and critical problem areas covers the sea lamprey, changes in the Lake Michigan and Lake Erie fisheries, and the Arkansas rice fields. The long-range program discussion in- cludes work in the fields of biological research economics, exploratory fishing, marketing, market news, statistics, and technology. 6 Questions Everbody Asks at National Fish Hatch- ~ “eries, Circular 157, 8 pp., illus., printed, 1963. This is a Trout Hatchery (Operated by Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife to Help Manage Our Sport Fishery Resources and Provide Recreation for Mil- lions of Americans), Circular 31, 8 pp., illus., printed, 1962 (revised). THE FOLLOWING MARKET NEWS LEAFLETS ARE AVAILABLE FROM TH FISHERY MARKET NEWS SERVICE, U. S. BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISH- ERIES, SUITE 611, WYATT BLDG., 777 14TH ST. NW., WASHINGTON 5, D.C. Number Title MNL- 5 - Denmark's Fisheries, 1962, and 1963 Trends, 10 pp. MNL-34 - Fisheries in Greece, 1962, 6 pp. MNL-80 - Brazil's Fishing Industry, 1962, 24 pp. THE FOLLOWING ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE AR- Dangers of Electric Fishing: Precautions to Take, by R. Cuinat, 9 pp., processed, 1962. (Translated from the French, Bulletin Francais de Pisciculture, no, 204, 1962, pp. 125-131.) a fe Handbook of Fish Diseases, by Erwin Amlacher, 19 pp., processed, 1962. (Translated from the German, Taschenbuch der Fischkrankheiten, 1961, pp. 37-45, 54-57. THE FOLLOWING ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF FOREFGN LANGUAGE AR- Cuttle-Fish Oil, V--Isolation and Structure of Octa- 119 essed, (Translated from the Japanese, Journal of Japan Oil Chemists" Society, vol. 9, no. 4, 1960, pp. 191-194.) Acids, and C28 Acids, by Akemi Adachi, 8 pp., proc- essed. (Translated from the Japanese, Journal of Japan Oil Chemists! Society, vol. 9, no, 11, 1960, pp. 991-593. THE FOLLOWING PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE SPE- CIFIC OFFICE MENTIONED. California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, Part I - Fishery Products Production and Market Data, March and April 1963, 16 pp.-each. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Post Office Bldg., Room 208, San Pedro, Calif.) Califor- nia cannery receipts of tuna and tunalike fish and other species used for canning; pack of canned tuna, tunalike fish, mackerel, and anchovies; market fish receipts at San Pedro, Santa Monica, and Eureka areas; California and Arizona imports; canned fish and frozen shrimp prices; and ex-vessel prices for cannery fish; for the months indicated. California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, Part Il - Fishing Information, April 1983. 13 pp., illus. (U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Bio- logical Laboratory, P.O, Box 6121, Pt. Loma Sta- tion, San Diego 6, Calif.) Contains sea-surface tem~- peratures, fishing and research information of in- terest to the West Coast tuna-fishing industry and marine scientists; for the month indicated. (Chicago) Monthly Summary of Chicago's Wholesale Market Fresh and Frozen Fis ery Products Re- ceipts, Prices, and Trends, March and April 1963, 14 and 13 pp., respectively, (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Customs House, 610 S. Canal St., Room 1014, Chicago 7, Ill.) Re- ceipts at Chicago by species and by states and pro- vinces for fresh - and salt - water fish and shellfish; and weekly wholesale prices for fresh and frozen fishery products; for the months indicated, The Danes Undertake the Marketing of Mackerel Sharks with the Help of Norwegian and Faeroese Fishermen, 2 pp., processed. (Translated from the Norwegian, Fiskaren, vol. 39, no. 21, 1962, p. 5.) (Branch of Re- ports, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington 25, D. C.) Fish Counter Evaluation Program, by Julius Rockwell, Jr.,and George M. Lucich, 102 pp., illus., May 10, 1960 (revised). (U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries, Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Labora- tory, Fish Counting Investigation, 2725 Montlake Blvd., Seattle 2, Wash.) Fish-Farming Industry, by June H. Olden, TL 19, 19 pp., processed, January 1960 (revised). (Techno- logical Laboratory, U. S, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Blvd., Seattle 2,.Wash.) Fisheries Research -- Its Organization and Program < e Within the U.S.S.R. with cial Reference to the Pacific Fisheries, by C. a eisonad 31 pp., illus., January 15, 1960, (Biological Laboratory, U.S. Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Blvd., Seattle 2, Wash.) 120 Halibut and Troll Salmon Landings and Ex-Vessel Prices for Seattle, Alaska Ports and British Colum - bia, 1962-61, 34 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 706 Federal Office Bldg., 909 First Ave., Seattle 4, Wash.) Gives landings and ex-vessel prices of troll salmon and halibut at leading United States ports of the Pacific Coast; ex- vessel halibut prices and landings at leading British Columbia ports; United States and Canadian Pacific Coast halibut landings, 1936-1962; Seattle season averages of ex-vessel halibut prices, 1952-1962; and troll salmon landings and receipts at Seattle and Alaskan ports; with comparative data. Information and Explanatory Statement for Daily New England Market News Service “Fishery Products | Reports'' Issued at Boston, revised April 1963, 9pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice, 10 Commonwealth Pier, Boston 10, Mass.) toms House, 610 S. Canal St., Room 1014, Chicago 7, 111.) List of Primary Receivers of Imported Fishery Prod- ucts and Byproducts at New Orleans, La., 1963, 3 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice, Room 609, 600 South St., New Orleans 12, La.) Monthly Summar of Fishery Products Production in Selected Areas of Virginia, North Carolina, and Maryland, April 1963, 4 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 18 S. King St., Hampton, Va.) Landings of food fish and shellfish and production of crab meat and shucked oysters for the Virginia areas of Hampton Roads, Chincotea- gue, Lower Northern Neck, and Lower Eastern Shore; the Maryland areas of Crisfield, Cambridge, and Ocean City; and the North Carolina areas of Atlantic, Beaufort, and Morehead City; together with cumulative and comparative data on fishery prod- ucts and shrimp production; for the month indicated. New England Fisheries--Monthly Summary, March 1963, ~ 21 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 10 Commonwealth Pier, Boston 10, Mass.) Review of the principal New England fishery ports. Presents data on fishery landings by ports and spe- cies; industrial-fish landings and ex-vessel prices; imports; cold-storage stocks of fishery products in New England warehouses; fishery landings and ex- vessel prices for ports in Massachusetts (Boston, Gloucester, New Bedford, Provincetown, and Woods Hole), Maine (Portland and Rockland), Rhode Island (Point Judith), and Connecticut (Stonington); frozen fishery products prices to primary wholesalers at Boston, Gloucester and New Bedford; and Boston Fish Pier and Atlantic Avenue fishery landings and ex-vessel prices by species; for the month indi- cated. New York City's Wholesale Fishery Trade -- Monthly Summary--February 1963, 18 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 155 John COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW WOl, AD, INO, “7 St., New York 38, N. Y.) Includes summaries and analyses of receipts and prices on wholesale Fulton Fish Market, including both the salt- and fresh- water sections; imports entered at New York cus- toms district; primary wholesalers' selling prices for fresh, frozen, and selected canned fishery products; marketing trends; and landings at Fulton Fish Market docks and Stoninyton, Conn.; for the month indicated. In Order to Catch More Fish, by N. Nikolskii, 2 pp., ~ October 1962. (Translated from the Russian, Ekonomicheskaia Gazeta, September 1, 1962.) (Branch of Foreign Fisheriesand Trade, Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Wash- ington 25, D.C.) Pacific Tuna Biology Conference, Papers I-VI, illus., processed, 1962. (Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Labora- tory, Box 3830, Honolulu, Hawaii.) Contains numer- ous papers distributed for information in connection with the informal Pacific Tuna Biology Conference, Honolulu, August 1961, Pelagic Fur Seal Investigations, California to British Columbia, 1961, by Clifford H. Fiscus, Karl Niggol, and Ford Wilke, 94 pp., illus., 1961, distribution limited. (Marine Mammal Biological Laboratory, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Sand Point Naval Air Station, Seattle 15, Wash.) (Seattle) Washington and Alaska Receipts and Landings of Fishery Products for Selected Areas and Fish- eries, Monthly Summary, April 1963, 8 pp. News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 706 Federal Office. Bldg., 909 First Ave., Seattle 4, Wash.) Includes Seattle's landings by the halibut and salmon fleets reported through the exchanges; land- ings of halibut reported by the International Pacific Halibut Commission; landings of otter-trawl receipts reported by the Fishermen's Marketing Association of Washington; local landings by independent vessels; coastwise shipments from Alaska by scheduled and non-scheduled shipping lines and airways; imports from British Columbia via rail, motor truck, shipping lines, and ex-vessel landings; and imports from other countries through Washington customs district; for the month indicated. Seattle, Washington, Brokers and Importers of Fisher Products, 1963, 6 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 706 Federal Office Bldg., 909 First Ave., Seattle 4, Wash.) THE FOLLOWING SERVICE PUBLICATION IS FOR SALE AND IS AVAIL- ABLE ONLY FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON 25, D. C. "Distribution of Tunas in Oceanic Waters of the North- western Atlantic,'' by James L. Squire, Jr., Fishery Bulletin 211 (from Fishery Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service, vol. , 23 pp., illus., printed, 20 cents, 1962. July 1963 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILD- ISSUING THEM, CORRESPONDENCE REGARDING PUBLICATIONS THAT FOLLOW SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO THE RESPECTIVE ORGANIZATION OR PUBLISHER ee ee *ANY LISTED PUBLICATION PRECEDED BY AN ASTERISK IS AVAILABLE ON LOAN FROM THE NATIONAL LENDING LIBRARY FOR SCIENCE AND TECH- NOLOGY, D. S. |. R., BOSTON SPA, YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND. ALABAMA: "Fishing in Alabama," by I. B. Byrd, article, Alabama Conservation, vol, XXXIII, no. 1, December 1962- January 1963, pp. 12-13, 16-17, 22, illus., printed. Alabama Department of Conservation, 64 N. Union St., Montgomery 4, Ala. ALASKA: illus., printed. Department of Fish and Game, Sub- port Bldg., Juneau, Alaska. Annual Report for 1959, Report No, 11, 116 pp., illus., printed. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Sub- port Bldg., Juneau, Alaska. Includes, among others, sections on accomplishments in biological research and in the commercial and sport fisheries, ANCHOVIES: *Mortality Coefficients during the Embryonic and Larval Period of Development of the Black Sea An- chovy, by T. V. Dekhnik, M.5176, printed. (Trans- lated from the Russian, Tr. Sevastopol'sk, biol. sta. AN SSSR, vol. 13, 1960, pp. 216-244.) Ay Pay ane ANTIBIOTICS: "A Marine Fish-Rearing Experiment Using Antibot- ics,'' by J. E. Shelbourne, article, Nature, vol, 198, no, 4875, April 6, 1963, pp. 74-75, illus., printed, single copy 4s. (about 60 U.S. cents), St, Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Ave., New York 10, N. Y. ARTIFICIAL REEF: "Seascapes from Car 1538," by Charles H. Turner, article, Outdoor California, vol. 23, no. 7, July 1962, pp. 11-13, illus., printed. The Resources Agency of California, Department of Fish and Game, 722 Capitol Ave., Sacramento 14, Calif. AUSTRALIA: Fishing and Whaling, Australia, Statistical Bulletin No. 8, 23 pp., illus., processed, Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics, Canberra, Austra- lia. This is the eighth of a series of annual statis- tical bulletins dealing with the fishing and whaling industry. Statistics relate to the year 1961-1962 for general fisheries, to the 1961 season for pearl- shell and trochus-shell fisheries, and to the 1962 season for whaling, with comparative data for the previous four years, The bulletin is divided into four parts. Part I deals with general fisheries in- cluding those for fish, crustaceans, and molluscs (edible products), Part II includes fisheries for pearl shell and trochus shell (inedible products), Part III covers the operation of the whaling industry in Australia and Norfolk Island, Part IV shows par- ticulars of oversea trade inthe products of fishing and whaling, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW al BRAZIL: Estudo Sobre Pesqueiros de Arrasto para a Costa do Brasil (Study of the Trawl Fisheries Off the Coast — of Brazil), by Yapery Tupiassu de Britto Guerra, Techologia no. 2, 83 pp., illus., printed in Portu- guese. Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 1962. Novo genero e nova especie de peixe anual de Brasilia com uma nota sobre os peixes anuais da Baixada Fundulinae (New Genera and New Species in the An- nual Fish Catch of Brazil with a Special Note on the Annual Catch of Baisada fundulinae), by A.L. de Carvalho, Boletin Zoologia No. 201, 10 pp., printed in Portuguese with English summery. Museu Na- cional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1959, CALIFORNIA: California Fish and Game, vol, 49, no, 1, January 1963, 61 pp., illus., printed, single copy 75 cents. California Fish and Game, Printing Division, Docu- ments Section, Sacramento 14, Calif. Includes, among others, articles on ''Trout Survival in Taylor Creek, a Tributary of Lake Tahoe, California," by Garth I, Murphy. "Synonymy, Characters, and Variation of Gila crassicauda, a Rare California Minnow, with an Account of Its Hybridization with Lavinia exilicauda," by Robert Rush Miller; ''Variant Hemoglobin and Electrophoretic Whole Blood Studies in Two Tunas and Three Other Fish Species," by Albert C, Smith; and ''The First California Record of Sierra, Scom- beromorus sierra Jordan and Starks," by Bruce B. Collette, Frank H. Talbot, and Richard H. Rosen- blatt. CANADA: Fisheries Statistics, Quebec, 1961, 57 pp., illus., printed in French and English, 75 Canadian cents. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Otta- wa, Canada, April 1963. Consists of tables giving the quantity and value of the principal species of fish and shellfish landed in Quebec, 1949-1961; quantity and value of landings by species and fisheries dis- tricts; quantity and value of processed fishery prod- ucts by species; capital investment in gear and ves- sels; and number of fishermen employed, by fish- eries districts; during 1960-1961, A section on Que- bec's inland fisheries presents data on landings, quantity, and value, by species and fisheries dis- tricts; capital equipment employed in fisheries; and number of fishermen employed, by fisheries dis- tricts; all during 1960-1961, CANNED FISH: Examen Tecnico-Sanitario, desde el Punto de Vista Practico, de una Conserva de Pescado (Technical- Sanitary Inspection, from a Practical Point of View, of Canned Fish), by Rafeal Lopez Costa, No. 110, 16 pp., illus., printed in Spanish. (Reprinted from Boletin del Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, Octo- ber 1962.) Secretario det Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, Alcala 27, Madrid, Spain, CAPE VERDE ARCHIPELAGO: Peixes do Arquipelago de Cabo Verde (Fishes of the Cape Verde Archipelago), by M.L. Paes da Franca and M.S. Vasconcelos, Notas Mimeografadas do Cen- tro de Biologia Piscatoria No. 28, 88 pp., processed in Portuguese. Centro de Biologia Piscatoria, Junta de Investigacoes do Ultramar, Lisbon, Portugal, 1962. CATFISH: "Der Waller und sein Fang (The Catfish--Silurus glanis L.--and His Capture), by Arnold Bacmeister, 122 article, Allgemeine Fishcherei- Zeitung, vol. 88, no. 7, April LER pp. 182-185, illus., printed in Ger- man, 1 DM (about 25 U.S. cents). Landesfischerei- verband Bayern, 5 Kaiser Ludwigs Platz, Munich 15, Germany. CHESAPEAKE BAY: Data on Coastal Currents off Chesapeake Bay, by J. J. Norcross, W.H. Massmann, and E, B, Joseph, Spe- cial Scientific Report No. 31, 6 pp., illus., printed. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Va., 1962. COD: *The Distribution of Cod, by N. V. Mironova, M. 5216, 19 pp., printed. (Translated from the Russian, Akademiia Nauk SSSR, 1958.) "Peixes Utilizados na Industria Bacalhoeira" (Species of Fish Utilized in the Cod Industry), by Mario Goni Garcia, article, Boletim da Pesca, vol. XV, no, 78, March 1963, pp.75-78, illus., printed. Gabinete de Estudos das Pescas, 644 R.S. Bento, Lisbon, Portu- gal. (Also appeared in Conservas de Peixe, vol. XVII, no, 203, February 1963, pp. 20-21.) COMMISSIONS: Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission Thirteenth Annual Report 1961-1962 (to the Congress of the United States and to the Governors and Legislators of Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas), 45 pp., illus., printed. Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission, 312 Audubon Bldg., New Orleans 16, La., 1962, Outlines the Commission's activities for the period October 1961-October 1962, with a summary of recommendations and actions. Describes briefly the activities of each of the mem- ber States during that period, Includes short dis- cussions of U.S, Fish and Wildlife Service activities in navigation projects, flood control, hurricane pro- tection projects, industrial fish explorations, gear research, and shrimp exploration, Also discusses work of the Service's exploratory vessels, accom- plishments of biological and technological laborato- ries, progress in the seafood inspection service, and marketing research achievements. Also con- tains a financial report of the Commission, CONTAINERS: "Dosenkorrosionen bei Fischvollkonserven" (Cor- rosion of Tin Cans of Preserved Fish), by G. Wunsche, article, Tidsskrift for Hermetikindustri (Norwegian Canners Export Journal), vol, 49, no. 1, January 1963, pp. 29-32, 34-36, 38-39, printed in Norwegian. Norske Hermetikfabrikers Landsforen- ing, Stavanger, Norway. "Fiskekasser" (Fish Boxes), by Poul Hansen, article, Konserves & Dybfrost, vol. 21, no. 3, 1963, pp. 28-33, illus., printed in Danish. Konserves & Dybfrost, Vester Farimagsgade 31, Copenhagen V, Denmark, CRABS: Distribution of Calcium in the Land Crab CARDISOMA GUANHUME During Shell Wound Recalcification, by Charles A, Gifford and Robert F, Johnson, Contri- bution no, 416, 5 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 7 vol, 7, 1962, pp. 227-231.) The Marine Laboratory, University of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Vir- ginia Key, Miami 49, Fla. Records of the Chesapeake Bay Blue Crab Fishery, “by Willard Abraham Van Engel, Special Report no. 5, 24 pp., illus., printed. Virginia Fisheries Labora- tory, Gloucester Point, Va., 1950, "Variations in the Larval Stages of a Decapod Crus- tacean, Pleuroncodes planipes Stimpson (Galathei- dae," by Carl M. Boyd and Mena W. Johnson, arti- cle, The Biological Bulletin, vol. 124, no, 2, April 1963, pp. 141-152, illus., printed, single copy $2.50, The Biological Bulletin, Marine Biological Labora- tory, Woods Hole, Mass. CRAWFISH: "Natural and Domestic Production of Crawfish," by J.G, Broom, article, Louisiana Conservationist, vol, 15, nos, 3 and 4, March-April 1963, pp. -15, illus., printed, Wildlife and Fisheries Commission, 400 Royal St., New Orleans 16, La. CRAYFISH: "Additions to the Australian Freshwater Crayfish," by E.F. Riek, article, Records of the Australian Muse- um, vol, 24, no, 1, 1956, pp. 1-6, printed, Austra- Tian Museum, Sydney, Australia, CRUSTACEA: Records of Decapod Crustacea from British Colum+ bia, by T. H. Butler, Reprint no. 45, printed. (Re- printed from Canadian Journal of Zoology, vol. 39, 1961.) Fisheries Research Board ohcasaa Bio- logical Station, Nanaimo, B.C., Canada. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR: Annual Report 1962, The Secretary of the Interior (For the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1962), 523 pp., illus., printed, $1.75. U.S. Department of the In- terior, Washington 25, D. C. (For sale by the Super- intendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.) The activities of the Department's bureaus and offices, including the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, are sum- marized in this report. A brief summary of the ac- tivities of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries is given, Also included is a summary of the accom- plishments of the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. Careers in the United States Department of the In- terior, A Directory for College Students, Catalog No. T1.2:C 18/962, aoropo ilies printed, 35 cents. U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C.,.1962. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.) Following a brief section providing general employ- ment information, this directory describes the ac- tivities of the Interior Department and its Bureaus, and discusses the recruitment needs of the Depart- ment, Short descriptions of each of the various types of occupations needed and the minimum quali- fications for each are given, DIRECTORIES: Fishing News Directory and Diary, 1962, by Arthur J. Heighway and Lloyd CB. Butcher, 314 pp., illus., July 1963 printed, #1 1s. 9d. (about US$3.05), Arthur J, Heigh- way Publications Ltd,, Ludgate House, 110 FleetSt., London EC4, England, 1961, Contains a pictorial presentation of the catching of fish by many different types of vessels used by British fishermen; list of fishing vessels of the United Kingdom; merchandis- ing section covering wholesalers, exporters, and transportation firms; and roster of freezers and canners, Also includes a list of Government agen- cies and associations concerned with the fishing in- dustry; guide to firms which manufacture or supply fishing gear and equipment; and a section giving in- formation on the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the British White Fish Au- thority, and other related topics. EAST AFRICA: East African Freshwater Fishery Research Organi- “zation, Annual Report, 1961, 50 pp., printed, 4s. (about 60 U.S. cents), East African Fisheries Re- search Organization, P.O, Box 343, Jinja, Uganda, 1962, Describes scientific work accomplished in the study of fisheries of Lake Victoria, culture of Tilapia in ponds, study of river fish migration, gear research, buoy releases experiments, and other projects. Also includes a bibliography of recent publications on East African fisheries and related subjects, and appendices of research papers on fish- eries. FEDERAL REGULATIONS: Cumulative Pocket Supplement to Code of Federal egulations, Title 50 Wildlife and Fisheries, as of January 1, 1963, GS 4,108: 50/supp. 963, 100 pp., printed, 45 cents. Federal Register Office, General Services Administration, Washington, D.C., 1963. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.) FISH COOKERY: The Frozen Food Cookbook and Guide to Home Freez- “ing, by Jean I. Simpson, 494 pp., illus., printed, -95 domestic, $8.45 foreign, The Avi Publishing Co., Inc., P.O. Box 388, Westport, Conn., 1962, This is really two books in one, First, it contains directions for selection, preparation, and freezing of home-frozen foods, Second, it presents more than 500 recipes for cooking frozen foods. With frozen foods becoming more and more popular, in- formation on their preparation and use is needed. Exotic recipes which otherwise would require time- consuming preparation are now possible because of the time-saving factor offered by frozen foods. For the homemaker who works there is one chapter de- voted to recipes and menus that require up to 30 minutes to prepare. Included among these recipes are creamed shrimp and lobster. The preparation and freezing of foods is divided into chapters on frozen fish and shellfish, meats, poultry, vegetables, fruits, and fruit juices. There are ideas for special occasions or holidays, outdoor cookery, and lunch boxes. A menu for a cocktail party shows hot French- fried fantail shrimp with tartar sauce. Among the other featuresare nutritional values of food; packag- ing techniques for freezing; tables showing storage periods for every type of food, and thawing time; and timetables for broiling, baking, andbraising. There are also discussions onalltypes of home freezers, locker -plant services, freezer food plans, use of pack- aging materials for home freezing, and advantages of COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 123 frozen foods. The chapter on frozen fish and shellfish covers cooking methods, types of frozen products available, methods of cooking them, sauces, gar- nishes, menus, and recipes. Among the recipes are Jiffy Fish Fry, Fried Smelts, Boiled Fish with Egg Sauce, Baked Flounder Thermidor, Fish Baked in Grapefruit Juice, Cream of Fish Soup, Clam Pie, Grapefruit and Crabmeat Cocktail, Lobster and Pine- apple Salad, Oysters Rockefeller, Deviled Scallops, Shrimp in Blankets, and many others. Another sec- tion of the book describes the selection and prepara- tion of fish and shellfish for freezing. This book will be of value not only to the user of frozen foods, but to processors and handlers, --Joseph Pileggi The Way to Cook Fish, 21 pp., illus., printed. Con- “sumer Branch, Department of Fisheries, Sir Charles Tupper Bldg., Ottawa, Canada, 1963. This is the latest consumer publication of the Department of Fisheries of Canada dealing with fish cookery. De- scribes the various types of fish caught and proc- essed in Canada and provides advice on the way to buy, how much to buy depending on personal or fam- ily requirements, and the proper method of storing the product, Advice is also given on the various cooking methods--oven cookery, baking in aluminum foil, broiling, pan and deep-fat frying, boiling, and others. Included are recipes using the various cook- ing methods. FISH CULTURE: Fish Culture, by C. Hickling, 295 pp., Faber & Faber Ltd., England, illus., printed, 23-24 Russel Sq., London WCl, FISH MEAL: "La Industria Reductora, Su importancia en el sector pesquero"' (The Reduction Industry--Its Importance in the Fishery Sector), by Jose Manual Casal, arti- cle, Informacion Comercial Espanola, no, 349, Sep- tember 1962, pp. 145-155, illus., printed in Spanish, single copy 25 ptas. (about 42 U.S. cents), Servicio de Estudios del Ministerio de Comercio, Goya 73, Madrid 1, Spain. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION: Information Bulletin, General Fisheries Council for the Mediterranean, no. 22, May 1962, 53 pp., illus., processed in French and English. Secretariat of the GFCM, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme diCaracalla, Rome, Italy. Contains discussions of the Freedom from Hunger Campaign; activities of the GFCM; activities of the FAO; and news of member countries. Also includes information on international organizations and meet- ings; a statisticalsummary of 1960 fisheries in GFCM countries; and a 1962-1963 schedule of inter- national meetings of interest to fisheries workers. Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council, Agreement between ~ United States and Other Governments, as Amended at 9th Session of Council, Karachi, January 6-23, T961, and Amendments Adopted December 17 1958, by Council at 8th Session, Colombo, 17 pp., printed in French and English, 10 cents. U.S. Department of State, Washington, D.C., 1963. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.) 124 OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM, FRANCE: Biennale Internationale des Peches, 25 Mai-3 Juin, 1962, Lorient, Catalogue Officiel (Biannual Inter- national Fisheries Fair, May 25-June 3, 1962, Lorient, Official Catalogue), 131 pp., illus., printed in French, France Peche, 8 Rue du Chalutier-la- Tanche, Lorient, France, "Ou va la Peche Industrielle Francaise ?'' (Where is the French Commercial Fishery Going ?), by R. Lenier, article, France Peche, no, 69, January 1963, pp. 13-14, 52, illus., printed in French. France Peche, Tour sud-est, Rue de Guemene, Lorient (Moribihan), France. FREEZE-DRYING: The Accelerated Freeze-Drying (AFD) Method of “Food Preservation, 175 pp., illus., printed. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, York House, Kingsway, London WC2, England, 1961. A report on some work of the Research Establishment and Experimental Factory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Aberdeen, Scotland, between 1955 and 1960. "Alguns aspectos da criodessecacao'’ (Some Aspects of Freeze-Drying), by A. Torres Botelho, article, Conservas de Peixe, vol. XVII, no, 203, February 1963, pp. 19, 33, printed in Portuguese. Sociedade da Revista Conservas de Peixe Lda., 68 Regueirao dos Anjos, Lisbon, Portugal, "Freeze Drying of Fish,'' by A.K. Kaminarskaya, ar- ticle, Kholodil'naia Tekhnika, no, 6, 1962, pp. 42-45, illus., printed. Kholodilmaia Tekhnika, c/o Four Continent Book Corporation, 822 Broadway, New ork 3 hNenye FRESH-WATER FISH: Beginner's Guide to Fresh-Water Life, by Leon Augustus Hausman, 128 pp., illus., printed. G, P. Putnam's Sons, 210 Madison Ave., New York 16, ING S%o5 UROL "Kielb Kesslera (Gobio kessleri Dyb.) w Polsce (The Polish Gudgeon-Gobio kessleri), by Halina Rolik, article, Fragmenta Faunistica, vol. 8, no, 12, 1959, pp. 207-221, printed in Polish. Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Zoologiczny, Warsaw, Poland, FRESH-WATER SHRIMP: "Studies on the Rearing of Larvae and Juveniles and Culturing of Adults of Macrobrachium rosenbergi (De Man),"' by S. W. Ling, article, IPFC Current Af- fairs Bulletin, no. 35, December 1962, pp. I-11, _ printed, Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Ma- liwan Mansion, Phra Atit Rd., Bangkok, Thailand. A simple and practical method of rearing and cultur- ing fresh-water shrimp is being developed in Ma- laya. Suitable food, proper feeding, and careful management of water conditions have been found to be the principal factors in this work, Juveniles grow rapidly and can be easily acclimatized to live in fresh water. Young shrimp, about 3 months old and measuring 5-6 cm, long, are suitable for stock- ing and culturing purposes, They can be cultured in ponds, mining pools, and irrigated rice fields, in combination with noncarnivorous fish. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol, 25, No. 7 GEAR: Fishing Gear and Machinery from Norway, 56 pp., illus., printed. The Export Council of Norway, H. Heyerdahls gi. 1, Oslo, Norway, 1963. Tried and proved in Norway's own fisheries, Norwegian fishing gear and fish-processing equipment are being ex- ported ona growing scale. This catalog presents a number of articles on vessels, navigation and fish- finding equipment, and many other subjects. Ship's Gear from Norway, 1963, 100 pp., illus., printed. The Export Council of Norway, H. Heyerdalhs gt. 1, Oslo, Norway, 1963. A catalog of ship and shipyard equipment, containing articles covering the entire industry. GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC: "Biologisch-statistische Untersuchungen uber die deutsche Hochseefischerei. IV--Die Entwichlung der Hochseefischerei in Fangtechnischer, raumlicher und biologischer Hinsicht, 5--Die Dampferfischerei in der Nordsee"' (Biological-Statistical Investiga - tions in the German Deep Sea Fisheries. Part IV-- The Development of the Deep Sea Fisheries in Gear Technology, Biology, and Area of Operations, No, 5--The Large Trawler Fishery in the North Sea), by Johannes Lundbeck, article, Berichte der Deuts- chen Wissenschaftlichen Kommission fur Meeres- forschung, neue folge, band XVI, heft 3, February 1962, pp. 177-246, illus., printed in German. Nagele u. Obermiller, E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuch- handlung, Stuttgart, Germany. GREAT LAKES: Commercial Fish Production in the Great Lakes 1367-1960, printed. Great Lakes Fishery Commis- sion, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich, Records of the production of fish from the Great Lakes were collected as early as 1867 in Canada and 1879 in the United States. This information appeared in reports and records of a number of agencies but was not brought together until the establishment of the International Board of Inquiry for the Great Lakes Fisheries in 1940. Tables showing commercial pro- duction of principal species in both countries were published in a report by U.S. members of the Board in 1943, The need for an up-to-date record of the production of the fishery was drawn to the attention of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, which agreed to republish the early statistics with those collected since 1940, GROUNDFISH: The Feeding and Growth of Young Gadoid Fishes in the Coastal Zone of the Eastern Murman, by N, V. Russian, Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Mur- man Biological Station, 1956-1.) Ministry of Agricul- ture, Fisheries and Food, Fisheries Laboratory, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England, 1961, HALIBUT: Utilization of Pacific Halibut Stocks: Estimation of Chapman, Richard J. Myhre, and G, Morris South- ward, Report No, 31, 35 pp., printed. International Pacific Halibut Commission, Fisheries Hall No. 2, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash., 1962. July 1963 HERBICIDE: Aquatic Herbicide Data, compiled by J. M. Lawrence, Agriculture Handbook No, 231, 135 pp., printed, 65 cents. Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Depart- ment of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., December 1962. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.) Presents in tabular form, a compilation of data on the effect of herbicides on algae, aquatic plants, and fish. HERRING: Herring Industry Acts, 1935 to 1957, printed, 11d. about 20 U.S. cents postpaid). House of Commons, London, England, February 1963, (For sale by Brit- ish Information Services, 845 3rd Ave., New York 22, N. Y.) Herring, Selected Articles from Soviet Periodicals, OTS fo 51145, 158 pp., illus., printed, $1.50. Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Com- merce, Washington 25, D.C., 1961, "Vergleichende Untersuchungen an Otolithen von Jungheringen der Nordsee im Fruhjahr 1960" (Com- parative Investigations of Otoliths of Young Herring of the North Sea, Spring 1960), by Eva Bohl, article, Berichte der Deutschen Wissenschaftlichen Kom - mission fur Meeresforschung, neue folge, band XVI, heft 3, February 1962, pp. 161-176, illus., printed in German with English summary. Nagele u. Ober- miller, E, Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, Germany, IDENTIFICATION OF FISH SPECIES: "Identification of Fish Species by Starch Gel Zone Electrophoresis of Protein Extracts,'' by Robert Thompson, article, Journal of the Association of Official Ageicultur I Chemists, May 1962, pp. 275- 276, printed. Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, P.O. Box 540, Benjamin Franklin Station, Washington 4, D.C. Describes a method to differ- entiate various species of fish by starch gel zone electrophoresis. This method has been used to check cases of possible substitution and misbrand- ing. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSIONS: Convention for the Regulation of Meshes of Fishin Nets and the Size Limits of Fish, London, April fl 1946, Treaty Series No. 11, Is. 9d (US$2.40 post- paid), Her Majesty's Foreign Office, London, Eng- land, 1963, (For sale by British Information Serv- ices, 845 3rd Ave., New York 22, N.Y.) Includes amendments to the Convention adopted in 1960, 1961 and 1962, , International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries, Annual Proceedings for the Year 1961- 1962, vol. 12, 1962, 34 pp., printed, International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries, Halifax, N.S., Canada. Presents the Commission's administrative report for the year ending June 30, 1962, including financial statements; a report of the Twelfth Annual Meeting held June 4-8, 1962, in Moscow; and summaries of research during 1961, by subareas. International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries, Statistical Bulletin for the Year 1960, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 125 vol, 10, 75 pp., illus., printed, C$3. International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries, Halifax, N.S., Canada, 1962. This bulletin is divided into two parts: Part 1 summarizes statistics on fishery landings in the Convention Area, 1952-1960; and Part 2 includes statistical tables dealing with the fisheries in 1960, The presentation of the basic statistical data again has been designed to place em- phasis on area and month of fishing. Contains a sum- mary of all landings by species group, country, and statistical subdivision; landings of cod, haddock, ocean perch, halibut, and flounder for each type of gear; landings of each species by subarea; and fish- ing effort and landings by country, gear, and sub- area. New species for which data are included are American plaice, witch, yellowtail, winter flounder, wolffish, pollock, silver hake, and white hake. Mem- ber countries include Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Iceland, Italy, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, U.S.S.R., United Kingdom, and the United States. ISRAEL: Bamidgeh, vol. 14, no. 1, March 1962, 52 pp., illus., printed in Hebrew and English. Department of Fish- eries and Fish Breeders Association, Nir-David D N., Israel. Includes the following articles: ''The Fish Culture Research Station, Dor--General Re- port for the Year 1961," by A. Yashouv; ''Prelimi- nary Report on the Culture of Tilapia nilotica as a Supplementary Fish in Carp Ponds in Israel in 1960 and 1961," by J. Pruginin; "Preliminary Study of Fluctuations of Vitamin B12 Content in Fish Ponds in the Beith-Shean Valley, by Eliezer Tal. JAPAN: Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fish- eries, vol, 28, no. 1, January 1962, {64 pp., illus., printed in Japanese with English summaries, Japa- nese Society of Scientific Fisheries, c/o Tokyo Uni- versity of Fisheries, Shiba Kaigandori 6, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Contains, among others, the following articles: ‘Studies on the Fish Community of the Zostera Area, I--The Ecological Order for Feed- ing in the Fish Group Related to the Dominant Spe- cies,'' by M. Hatanaka and K. lizuka; ''On the Move- ments of the Mackerel, Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, Tagged in the Neighboring Waters of Oki Islands," by S. Kojima; ''Studies on Relationships between Amount and Price of the Marine Fish Catch from the Pacific Coast of Honshu in 1958,'' by K, Kondo; ''Studies on the Mechanism of Consumption and Accumulation of Vitamin A in Fish (Part II),"" by Y. Yamamura; "Studies on the Browning of Fish Flesh, VII--Fluo- rescence and Flavor of Autoclaved Sugar-Amino Acid System," by F. Nagayama; "Studies on Lipids of Wild Rainbow Trout,"' by Y. Shimma and H, Tag- uchi; ''Post-Mortem Change of Fish Myosins. I-- Some Physicochemical Changes with Special Refer - ence to Species and Lethal Conditions of Fish," by T. Suzuki and M. Migita; ''Change of the Lipid dur- ing Development of Rainbow Trout Eggs," by K. Ando; and ''The Effectiveness and Safety of the Use of Antibiotics Keeping Freshness of Fish, a Sym- posium," Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fish- eries, vol, 28, no, 2, February 1962, 156 pp., illus., printed in Japanese with English summaries, Japa- nese Society of Scientific Fisheries, c/o Tokyo Uni- 126 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol, 25, No. 7 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. versity of Fisheries, Shiba Kaigandori 6, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Includes, among others, these arti- cles: 'Ona New Bacterium, Paracolobactrum an- guillimortiferum n. sp.,"' by T. Hoshina; “Difference in Properties of Oil Extracted with Different Solvent from Oxidized Matter,'' by K. Ando and M, Noguchi; "Studies on Enzymes in Fish Blood, II--Effects of Organophosphorus Insecticides on Cholinesterase Activity," by K. Hayama and S, Kuwabara; ''Studies on Multiple Hemoglobins of Eel. I--Absorption Spectrum and Some Other Properties," by K. Yam- aguchi and others; 'On the Yellowtail Oil. VIII-- Cephalin in Meats,'' by H. Tsuyuki, U. Naruse, and A, Shionoya; and Studies on Utilization of Oils and Fats Obtainable from Viscera of Aquatic Animals. II--Investigations in Industrial Aspect of Concen- tration by Molecular Distillation of Vitamin Oil (Part I),"' by H. Sone. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fish- eries, vol, 28, no, 3, March 1962, 98 pp., illus., printed in Japanese with English summaries. Japa- nese Society of Scientific Fisheries, c/o Tokyo Uni- versity of Fisheries, Shiba Kaigandori 6, Minato-ku, Japan. Includes, among others, articles on: ''Stud- ies on Plankton of the West Coast of Kyushu. III-- On the Foods of the Sardine, Sardinia melanosticta (Temmink et Schlegel),'' by Y, Enomoto and S. Hamada; ''On the Bimodality Found in the Catch of Japanese Spiny Lobster, Panulirus japonicus," by I. Kubo; ''Chemical Studies on the Green Alga, Mono- stroma nitidum Wittrock, I--Component Sugars of the Mucilage (Part 1),'' by S. Maeshige; ''Variation of Biological Potency (Maleic Value) by the Differ- ence of Extraction Methods of Fish Liver Oil," by M. Toyomizu, E. Saigusa, and Y. Tomiyasu; ''Para- lytic Shellfish Poison, I--A Note on the Shellfish Poisoning Occurred in Ofunato City, Iwate Prefec- ture in May 1961," by T. Kawabata and T. Yoshida; "Digestibility of Dietary Components in Fishes. I--Digestibility of Dietary Proteins in Rainbow Trout," by D. Inaba and others; and ''The Toxic Ef- fect of Pentachlorophenate, a Herbicide, on Fishery Organisms in Coastal Waters, I--The Effect on Certain Fishes and a Shrimp,'' by T. Tomiyama and K. Kawabe. KENTUCKY: A Field Manual of Kentucky Fishes, by William M, ~ Clay, 148 pp., illus., printed. Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, New State Office Bldg., Frankfort, Ky., 1962. LOBSTER: A Report to the Fishing Industr Regarding Lobster Disease (Gaffkaemia), by James E, Stewart, and Joan F, MacDonald, Circular, No, 9,-2 pp., printed, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Technological Station, Halifax, N.C., Canada, 1962, Report of the Investigation and Study of the Deep Sea Lobster Fishery, by John Hughes, House No. 3190, II pp., printed, Division of Marine Fisheries, De- partment of Natural Resources, 15 Ashburton Place, Boston 8, Mass., 1963. A special report relative to the practices undertaken by owners of commercial deep sea fishing boats, with particular reference to the lobster fishery*beyond the 3-mile territorial limit, MARINE FLORA: Additions to the Marine Flora of Costa Rica and Nic- aragua, by E. Yale Dawson, 21 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Pacific Naturalist, vol. 3, Decem- ber 20, 1962, pp. 375-395.) Beaudette Foundation for Biological Research, Solvang, Calif., 1962. MARKETING: "Food Marketing in Western Europe Today," by John C, Abbott, article, Journal of Marketing, vol. 27, no, 2, April 1963, pp. 17-22, printed, single copy $2.50. American Marketing Association, 27 E. Mon- roe St., Chicago 3, Ill, According to the author, "Food trade in Europe is undergoing many changes; and both retailers and investors seem to be gaining confidence in self-service supermarkets, prepackag- ing, frozen foods, and similar developments.’ "Seafoods: Volume and Profit Producers," article, Frosted Food Field, vol. 36, no. 3, April 1963, pp. 32- 34, printed, single copy $1. Frosted Food Field, 321 Broadway, New York 7, N.Y. MARLIN: "White Marlin, Tetrapturus albidus, in the Middle At- lantic Bight, with Observations on the Hydrography of the Fishing Grounds,'' by Donald P, de Sylva and William P. Davis, article, Copeia, vol. 50, no, 1, March 30, 1963, pp. 81-99, illus., printed, single copy $2.50. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, 18111 Nordhuff St,, Northridge, Calif. MARYLAND: The Seafood Problem (Report of the Sub-Committee on “Seafood), 13 pp., printed. Economic Development Committee of Talbot County, The Court House, Easton, Md., January 11, 1961. MOLLUSCS: Annotated List and Bibliography of the Abyssal Marine Molluscs of the World, ey fecthian H. Clarke, Biolog- ical Series, No, 67, 120 pp., printed. Department of Northern Affairs and National Resources, National Museum, Ottawa, Canada, 1962, NETS: Prospectus of the I,C.E.S, Mesh Gauge, by C.J.W. Westhoff, J. A. Pope, and R.J. H. Beverton, 14 pp., illus., printed, Conseil Permanent International pour 1'Exploration de la Mer, Charlottenlund Slot, Denmark, 1962, NICARAGUA: Import Tariff System of Nicaragua, OBR-63-18, 2 pp., printed, 15 cents. Bureau of International Com- merce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., March 1963. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. 8. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.) Presents information on units of currents, weights, and measures; bases of speci- fic and ad valorem duties; method of payment of duty; customs surtaxes and internal taxes; shipping docu- ments and fees; trade restrictions; and related sub- jects. OCEANOGRAPHY: Introduction to the National Oceanographic Data Cen- ter, General Series, Publication Ce I, 19 pp., illus., printed, 40 cents, National Oceanographic Data Cen- ter, Washington 25, D.C., 1963. July 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 127 Quarterly List of Fully Processed Oceanographic ruises, 16 pp., processed, National Oceanograph- ic Data Center, Washington 25, D.C. Oceanographic cruise data (physical and chemical) processed to completion and available from National Oceano- graphic Data Center archives as of January 1, 1963. OCEAN PERCH: Local Redfish Stocks in the Newfoundland and Labra- dor Regions, by K. P. Yanulov, II pp., processed. (Translated from the Russian Sovetskie Rybokhoz- iaistvennyie Issledovaniia v SereroeZanadiol Chasti Atlanticheskogo Okeana, pp. 299-307, 1960. Minis- try of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Fisheries Laboratory, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England, 1962. Redfish Explorations in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 1957, by Julien Bergeron, Contribution No. 85, 4 pp. illus., printed. Ministere des Pecheries, Province de Quebec, Quebec, Canada, 1962, OKLAHOMA: A Study of the Commercial Fishery of Lake Texoma, by Alfred Houser, no, 63, 34 pp., illus., printed. Fisheries Research Laboratory, Norman, Okla., 1957, OREGON: Keys to Oregon Freshwater Fishes, by Carl Eldon Bond, Technical Bulletin 58, 42 pp., illus., printed. Agricultural Experiment Station, Oregon State Uni- versity, Corvallis, Oreg., 1961. : OTTER-TRAWLING: "Model Tests with 3 Bottom Trawl Otterboards," by H. Aa. Walderhaug and A, Akre, article, Norwegian Fishing and Maritime News, vol. X, no. 1, 1963, pp. 10, 12-13, 15, 33, 35, 37-38, illus., printed. Norwegian Fishing and Maritime News, P.O, Box 740, Bergen, Norway. OYSTERS: Publications of the Institute of Marine Science, vol. 7, 1961, 329 pp., illus., printed. Institute of Marine Science, University of Texas, Port Aransas, Texas, July 1962. A special issue devoted entirely to pa- pers summarizing part of the extensive unpublished reports on oysters and their relationship to the oil industry prepared from 1947 to 1960 as part of 2 projects of the Texas Agricultural and Mechanical Research Foundation, PACIFIC OCEAN: Physical and Chemical Data for a Portion of the Northeast Pacific Ocean Extending from the Coasts of Washington and British Columbia Westward to T31°W., April 1956-April 1958, by C.M. Love, _ Technical Report No, 66, 204 pp., illus., printed. Department of Oceanography, University of Wash- ington, Seattle, Wash., 1960. PAKISTAN: Agriculture Pakistan, vol, XIII, no, 2, June 1962, 421 pp., illus., printed, 3s. 9d. (about 55 U.S. cents), Central Publications Branch, Government of Paki- stan, Karachi, Pakistan, Pakistan, with 500 miles of coastline in the Western Wing and 200 miles in the Eastern Wing in addition to rivers and inland fisheries, has large and practically unutilized fish- ery resources, With the rapid population growth and low protein intake, there is an urgent need to in- crease the per capita fish consumption from the present 5 pounds a year to an amount closer to the international standard of 22 pounds. Efforts to in- crease fishery production are reflected in the arti- cles contained in this issue, some of which are: 'In- land Fish and Fishery of Pakistan,'' by N. Ahmad; "Marine Fisheries Potential of Pakistan," by M. R. Qureshi; ''Fertilization of Fish Ponds," by S. K. Chakraborti; ''Control of Aquatic Weeds in Closed Waters,'' by S.A. Siddiqi; "Shrimp Fisheries of Mekran Coast,'' by M. Ahmad and A. Hussain; '"'Sar- dine Fisheries of Mekran Coasts,'' by M. Ahmadand A. Hussain; ''An Account of the Food of Oysters of Karachi Coast Together with a Note on Fattening and Their Behaviour to Some Ecological and Hy- drographical Factors," by Nooruddin; ''Tilapia Cul- ture in Extensive Water Areas in West Pakistan," by N. Ahmad; "Trawling in East Pakistan," by S. M. Munir-ul-Islam and M_R. Qureshi; ''Report on the Exploratory Fishing on the Coast of West Pakistan for the Period September 1958 to June 1959," by M.A. Burney and S. Q. Mohiuddin; ''Preliminary Studies on the Pollution and the Causes of Mortality in the Soan River," by A. Saleem; and ''Fish Meal and Manure--Their Preparations and Uses," by A. Sattar. PERSIAN GULF: "El Golfo Persico y Sus Recursos" (The Persian Gulf and Its Resources), article, Puntal, vol. 9, no, 104, November 1962, pp. 4-8, illus., printed in Spanish, single copy 12 ptas. (about 20 U.S. cents). Puntal, Apartado de Correos 316, Alicante, Spain. PERU: Estadistica Economica de la Industria Pesquera (Economic Statistics of the Fishery Industry), by Javier Iparraguirre Cortez, 161 pp., illus., printed. Ministerio de Agricultura, Direccion de Pesqueria y Caza, Lima, Peru, 1959, PHILIPPINES: "Report to the Government of the Philippines on Ma- rine Fishery Resources," by K. F, W. Tiews, article, Philippine Journal of Fisheries, vol. 6, no, 2, July- December 1958, pp. 107-216, illus., printed. Agri- cultural Information Division, Department of Agri- culture and Natural Resources, Quezon City, Philip- pines, 1962. Discusses the history of fisheries re- search in the Philippines; examines local problems; assesses the means available for research; and presents conclusions on the directions in which re- search should be prosecuted in the future and on the methods by which this should be done, PLANKTON: "The Distribution of Some Plankton Animals in the English Channel and Approaches, II--Theories about Long-Term Biological Changes, including Fish,'' by A. J. Southward, article, Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, vol. 43, no, 1, February 1963, pp. 1-29, illus., printed, single copy $13. Cambridge University Press, 32 E. 57th St., New York 22, N. Y. El Molibdeno en el Plancton de la Ria de Vigo, Al- gunas Determinaciones de Nitrogeno y Fosforo: Su Relacion y Contenido en Material Organica y Hume- dad (Molybdenum in the Plankton of ie Vigo Estu- 128 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. ary. Some Determinations of Nitrogen and Phos- phorus: Their Relation and Content of Organic Ma- terial and Moisture), by Antonio Fernandez del Riego, No. 108, 24 pp., illus., printed in Spanish, (Reprinted from Boletin del Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, October 1962.) Secretario del In- stituto Espanol de Oceanografia, Alcala 27, Madrid, Spain, "Spring in the Sea,'' by Gwynne Vevers, article, New Scientist, vol. 18, no, 333, April 4, 1963, pp.32-34, illus., printed, single copy 1s. (about 14 U.S. cents). Cromwell House, Fulwood Place, High Holborn, London WC1, England. Toxicity of Plankton to CRISTISPIRA Inhabiting the Crystalline Style of a Mollusk, by C. Berkeley, Re- print No. 38, printed. (Reprinted from Science, vol. 135, no. 3504, 1962.) Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Biological Station, Nanaimo, B, C., Canada. POISONOUS FISH: "Experimental Induction of Ciguatera Toxicity in Fish through Diet,'' by Philip Helfrich and Albert H. Banner, article, Nature, vol. 197, no. 4871, March9, 1963, pp. 1025-1026, printed, single copy 4s. (about 60 U.S. cents). St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Ave., New York 10, N.Y. POLLACK: Data for a Biological Study of the Alaska Pollack (Theragra chalcogramma, Pall), by S.M. Kaganov- skaia, 16 pp., processed. (Translated from the Russian, Izvestiia Tikhookeanskogo Nauchno-Issle- dovatel'skogo Instituta Rybnogo Khoziaistva i Okean- ografii (Vladivostok), vol. 32, 1950, pp. 103-119.) Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Fish- eries Laboratory, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England, 1961. POLLUTION: Marine Aspects of Pulp Mill Pollution, by Michael Waldichuk, Reprint No. 87, printed. (Reprinted from Canadian Pulp & Paper Industry, 1962.) Fish- eries Research Board of Canada, Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C., Canada. PREDATORS: The Goosander and Red-Breasted Merganser as Pre- “dators of Salmon in Scottish Waters, = D. H. Mills, Freshwater and Salmon Fisheries Research No, 29, 10 pp., printed, 3s. 10d, (about 60 U.S. cents). Sales Section, British Information Services, 845 Third Ave., New York 22, N. Y., 1962. RADIOECOLOGY: Terrestrial and Fresh-Water Radioecology: A Se- “Tected Bibliography, by Alfred W. Klement, Jr., and Vincent ere tz, processed, $1. Office of Tech- nical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D.C., 1962. Concerns radioactive fallout and waste disposal. SALMON: Bibliographie du Saumon de l'Atlantique (Salmo salar L.) (Bibliography of the Atlantic Salmon), by Julien Bergeron, Contribution No. 88, 64 pp., printed in French, Ministere de la Chasse et des Pecheries, Province de Quebec, Quebec, Canada, 1962. Vol. 25, No. 7 "British Columbia Salmon Story--1962,'' by Bruce Woodland, article, Trade News, vol. 15, no. 6, De- cember 1962, pp. 3-6, illus., processed, Informa- tion and Education Service, Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, Canada. Covers the unprecedented return of the pink salmon to the Atnarko River in the late summer of 1962, which provided a record catch, "Through two years and thousands of miles in the ocean these fish and their fellows had survived and flourished, As they moved toward the home stream in the grip of an irresistible urge to spawn, they had contributed to the greatest pink salmon fishery the coast of British Columbia had ever known, Gill- netters and purse seiners harvested an enormous catch of 88 million pounds of pink salmon this year along the Province's northern coastline. A signifi- cant percentage of the record landings came from fish headed for the Atnarko River,'’ according ta the author, The disappointing sockeye run of the Adams River is also covered. The History of the Early Stuart Sockeye Run, by A.C. “Cooper and K.A. Henry, Progress Report No. 10, 49 pp., printed, International Pacific Salmon Fish- eries Commission, New Westminster, B. C., Cana- da, 1962. "Osteological Studies on Pacific Salmon of the Genus Oncorhynchus," by Valdim Dmitrij Vladykov, arti- cle, Burletin No. 136, 177 pp., illus., printed. Fish- eries Research Board of Canada, Sir Charles Tupper Bldg., Riverside Drive, Ottawa, Canada, 1962. Pacific Salmon Rehabilitation (Highlights and Recom- mendations of the 1961 Governors! Conference on Salmon), 30 pp., illus., printed. Department of Fish and Game, Subport Bldg., Juneau, Alaska, 1961, Salmon Rehabilitation and Hatcheries; Activities and Accomplishments, 10 pp., illus., printed. Washing- ton State Department of Fisheries, Olympia, Wash., 1958, (State of Maine) Biennial Report of Atlantic Sea Run Salmon Commission (for Period July 1, 1960-June 30, 1962), 12 pp., illus., printed, Atlantic Sea Run Salm- on Commission, Fisheries Bldg., University of Maine, Orono, Maine. SALMON AND STEELHEAD: "Salmon and Steelhead for the Future," by Marshall Edson, article, Idaho Wildlife Review, vol. XV, no. 5, March-April 1963, pp. 3-7, illus., printed. Idaho Fish and Game Commission, 518 Front St., Boise, Idaho, The State of Idaho's program for rebuilding salmon and steelhead runs in the Clearwater drain- age and steelhead trout in the Lemhi River will be a vital part of the over-all Columbia River Fisheries Development Program and of interest to private in- dustry and the public in the Pacific Northwest, ac- cording to the author, SANITATION: Sanitary Control of the Shellfish Industry. Part I-- Sanitation of Shellfish Growing Areas; and Part 2-- Sanitation of the Harvesting and Processing of Shell- fish (1962 Revision), compiled and edited by Eugene T, Jensen, Public Health Service Publication No, 33, 39 pp. and 37 pp., respectively, printed, 45 cents July 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 12/9 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. each, Division of Environmental Engineering and Food Protection, Shellfish Sanitation Branch, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washinton, D.C., 1962. (For sale by the Superinten- dent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.) This manual, prepared in two parts, is intended as a guide for the preparation of State shellfish sanitation laws and regulations, and for sanitary control of the growing and processing of shellfish. Part 1 deals with sanitary control of the growing, relaying, and purification of shellfish, Part 2 deals with sanitary control of the harvesting, shucking, packing, repacking, and reshipping of shellfish, SARDINES: Conservacion de las Sardinas por Congelacion y Tratamiento Previo (Preservation of Sardines by Freezing and Pre-Treatment), by Rafael Lopez Costa, Lorenzo Rodriguez Molins, and Jose Ramon Besada Rial, No, 109, 24 pp., illus., printed in Span- ish. (Reprinted from Boletin del Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, October 1962.) Secretario del In- stituto Espanol de Oceanografia, Alcala 27, Madrid, Spain, Summarized Translations of Soviet Research on SAR- LLA O ropical West Africa, by A. Long- hurst, Occasional Paper No. 3, 14 pp., printed, Federal Fisheries Service, Lagos, Nigeria, 1959, Variacion Estacional en la Composicion de la Sardina Mediterranea y Atlantica (Seasonal Variations inthe Composition of the Mediterranean and Atlantic Sar- dine), by Maria Jesus del Val and others, No, 107, 13 pp., illus., printed in Spanish, (Reprinted from Boletin del Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, April 1962.) Secretario del Instituto Espanol ie Ocean- ografia, Alcala 27, Madrid, Spain, SCUBA DIVING: "California's Diving Wardens," by Si Nathenson, arti- cle, Outdoor California, vol. 24, no, 4, April 1963, pp. 11-13, illus., printed, The Resources Agency of California, Department of Fish and Game, 722 Capital Ave., Sacramento 14, Calif. SCUBA diving has proved to be a valuable law-enforcement tool, This article explains what significance this has for fish and wildlife. SEAWEED: "Aspects of the Biology of Laminaria h perborea, II--Age, Weight, and Length, by Joanna M, Kain, article, Journal of the Marine Biological Associa- tion of the United Kingdom, vol, 43, no. 1, February 1963, pp. 129-151, illus., printed, single copy $13, Cambridge University Press, 32 E, 57th St., New York 22, N.Y. SHELLFISH SANITATION: Proceedings, Shellfish Sanitation Worksho , Novem- ber 38-30. 1961, 297 pp., illus., printed, Shellfish Sanitation Branch, Division of Environmental Engi- neering and Food Protection, Public Health Serv- ice, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Wel- fare, Washington 25, D.C., 1962, SHELLS: "Some New York Sea Shells," by Percy A. Morris, article, The Conservationist, vol, 17, no, 4, Febru- ary-March 1963, pp. 20-27, 37, illus., printed, single copy 50 cents, The Conservationist, Room 335, State Campus, Albany, N.Y. Describes some of the most common marine shells, with a few rare ones, to be looked for along New York shores. ''Many of these molluscs show real beauty of form, several are deliciously edible, and all are interesting to study,"' says the author, Some of them are the peri- winkles (three varieties), the oyster drill, mud snail, knobbed whelk, bay scallop, common mussel, black quahog, cod clam, and soft-shell clam, SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT: Stee ed Management Guides, Catalog No, SBA -19:M 31, 308 pp., illus., printed $1.75. Small Busi- ness Administration, Washington D.C., 1962. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Govern- ment Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.) SMOKING: The Cold Smoke Processing of Herrin by the Use of a Smoking Pickle, by R. F. Sovetnikova and V. M. Bykova, ass processed, $1.10, (Translated from the Russian, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, no, 11, 1960, pp. 62-65.) Office of Technical Services, U.S, Depart- ment of Commerce, Washington 25, D.C., 1961, "Elektrostatisk Roking" (Electrostatic Smoking), by E, Ehlsen, article, Tidsskrift for Hermetikindustri, vol, 49, no. 3, March 1963, pp. 103-104, illus., printed. Norke Hermetikfabrikers Landsforening, Stavanger, Norway, SOMALI REPUBLIC: Import Tariff S stem of the Somali Republic, OBR-63- 87, 2 pp., printed, 15 cents, Bureau of International Commerce, U.S, Department of Commerce, Wash- ington, D.C., April 1963. (For sale by the Superin- tendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D,C.) Presents information on units of currency, weights, and measures; spe- cific and ad valorem duties; method of payment; customs surtaxes and internal taxes; preferential duties; shipping documents and fees; trade restric- tions; and other special regulations. SONAR: Measurements of the Reflection of Sound by Fish, by L. Midttun and I. Hoff, 18 pp., illus., printed. (Re- printed from Fiskeridirektoratets Skrifter, Serie Havundersokelser, vol. » no, 3.) Fiskeridirekto- ratet, Bergen, Norway, 1962. SPAIN: "El Comercio Conservero con Alemania e Italia" (The Canned Fish Trade with Germany and Italy), by Alevin, article, Industria Conservera, vol. 29, no, 284, February 1963, pp, 31-32, printed in Span- ish, Union de Fabricantes de Conservas de Galicia, 41 Calle Marques de Valladares, Vigo, Spain, Determinacion Complexometrica de los Iones Calcio Magnesio en el i a del Mar y Estudio de las Variacionce desu Goncentranio’ en las Aguas de la Ria de Vigo (Quantitative Determination of the Cal- cium and Magnesium Ions in Sea Water and Study of the Variations of Their Concentration in the Waters of the Vigo Estuary), by Jose Ramon Besada Rial and Lorenzo Rodriguez Molins, no, 111, 12 pp., illus., 130 printed in Spanish. (Reprinted from Boletin del In- stituto Espanol de Oceanografia, October I96Z) Sec- retario del Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, Alcala 27, Madrid, Spain. SPINY LOBSTERS: Acao da pesca sobre as especies de lagostas no Ceara (Spiny Lobster Species in the Ceara Fishery), by Melquiades Pinto Paiva, Bulletin No, 1, 5 pp., printed in Portuguese with English summary. Universidade do Ceara, Estacao de Biologia Marinha, Fortaleza, Brazil, 1961, "Spiny Lobsters of Ceylon," by G, H. P. De Bruin, Bul- letin No, 14, 28 pp., illus., printed. Department of Fisheries, Fisheries Research Station, Colombo, Ceylon, 1962. SPOILAGE: A Report to the Fishing Industry on Non-Bacterial ~ Spoilage: Metal-Catalysed Off Odours, by Charles H. Castell and N, Denberss Circular No. 8, 2 pp., printed, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Technological Station, Halifax, N.S., Canada, 1962. STRIPED BASS: "The Sprightly Striper,'' by Bernard L, Gordon, arti- cle, Frontiers, vol. 27, no, 3, February 1963, pp. 81-84, illus., printed. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 19th St. and the Parkway, Philadel- phia 3, Pa. Discusses characteristics of the striped bass and history of the fishery on the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts of the United States. TERRITORIAL WATERS: "A l'Assemblee Nationale: la Discussion du Budget Fait Apparaitre l'Inquietude de la Peche Francaise Devant le Marche Commun et 1'Extension des Eaux Territoriales" (In the National Assembly: the Budg- et Discussion Made Clear the Uneasiness in the French Fishing Industry over the Common Market and the Extension of Territoral Waters), article, La Peche Maritime, vol. 42, no, 1019, February 1963, pp. 83-85, illus., printed in French, single copy 11F (about US$2,.25). Les Editions Maritimes, 190 Boulevard Haussmann, Paris, France, TEXAS AND NEW MEXICO: Fisherman's Guide to the Fishes of Texas and New Mexico, by Russell Walters Cumley, 64 pp., illus., printed, Professional Publication Producers, 1603 Oakdale St., Houston, Texas, 1957. TILAPIA: TILAPIA MOSSAMBICA (Peters), Preliminary Find- ings, in Netherlands New Guinea, by G. A. Reeskamp, Occasional Paper 60/1, 3 pp., printed. Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council, Food and Agriculture Organiza- tion, Regional Office for Asia and the Far East, Bangkok, Thailand, 1961, TRAWL NETS: "Use of the Wing Trawl as a Seine Net," by Alan Glanville, article, Canadian Fisherman, vol. 50, no. 4, April 1963, pp. 20-23, illus., printed, single copy C$2, National Business Publications Ltd., Garden- vale, Que., Canada. This article (second of a two- part series on the ''Gourock" wing trawl), describes the use of the wing trawl in seining for "white fish." Its greatestadvantage, according to the author, lies in its great height at the mouth. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Wo, Za, INO, 7 "The Use of the Wing Trawl as a Trawl,'" by Alan Glanville, article, Canadian Fisherman, vol, 50, no, 3, March 1963, pp. 17-20, illus., printed, single copy C$2. National Business Publications Ltd., Garden- vale, Que., Canada, The wing trawl, popular with European fishermen, can be used either as a trawl (drag) net or as a seine net. It is probably as a seine net that it has gained its greatest reputation. This article deals with its use as a trawl for catch- ing herring, cod, haddock, whiting, and even flat fish and lobsters. The construction of the wing trawl and the method of operation are described in detail. TROUT: Effects of Angling Regulations on a Wild Brook Trout Fishery, by Robert L. Hunt, O. M. Brynildson, and J.T. McFadden, Technical Bulletin No. 26, 58 pp., illus., printed. Wisconsin Conservation Department, Madison, Wis., 1962. "Seeking the Answers to Hepatoma," by Alexander M. Dollar, article, U.S. Trout News, vol. 7, no. 4, Nov- ember -December 1962, pp. 4-5, 16-19, illus., printed. U.S. Trout Farmers Association, 110 Social Hall Ave., Salt Lake City 11, Utah. A progress report of co- operative research on trout hepatoma in the western states. Results show that trout can be raised from hatching to at least two years of age on a diet of known composition without any liver tumor develop- ing. The author states, that ''Asa precaution, limit- ing the addition of vegetable protein concentrates to 10 percent or less of the dry matter in the diet will insure good growth of trout to at least two years of age without any tumors developing." TUNA: "Os atuneiros Japaneses do Atlantico e a sua impor- tancia para a conserva'' (The Japanese Atlantic Tuna Vessels and Their Importance in the Canning Indus- try), by Francisco Lopez Capont, article, Conservas de Peixe, vol, XVII, no, 204, March 1963, pp. 15, I7-19, 22, printed in Portuguese. Sociedade da Re- vista Conservas de Peixe Lda., 68 Regueirao dos Anjos, Lisbon, Portugal. "Blood Lactate in Yellowfin Tuna, Neothunnus ma- cropterus, and Skipjack, Katsuwonus pelamis, Fol- Towing Capture and Tagging,” by Izadore Barrett and Ann Robertson Connor, article, Inter-American Trop- ical Tuna Commission Bulletin, vol. 6, no. 6, 1962, pp. 231-280, illus., printed. Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, La Jolla, Calif. "Le Comite du thon definit la poltique qu'il entend suivre pour une periode de trois ans" (The Tuna Com- mittee Defined the Policy Which It Intends to Follow for a Three Year Period), by L. Caroual, article, La Peche Maritime, vol, 42, no, 1019, February 1963, p. 86, illus., printed in French, single copy 11F (about US$2.25). Les Editions Maritimes, 190 Boulevard Haussmann, Paris, France, "Distribution of Catch-per-Unit-of-Effort and Fishing Effort for Tuna in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean by Months of the Year, 1951-1960," by John Wilson Martin, article, Inter-American Tropical Tuna Com- mission Bulletin, vol. 6, no. 5, 1962, pp. 179-229, _ printed. Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, La Jolla, Calif, July 1963 Occasional Report of Nankai Regional Fisheries Re- search Laboratory, no. 1, 85 pp., illus., printed. Nankai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, Sanbashidori, Kochi, Japan, June 1962, Contains papers presented to the Pacific Tuna Biology Con- ference, Honolulu, August 1961: 'An Outline of the Tuna Longline Grounds in the Pacific,'' by Hiroshi Nakamura; ''Distribution of Yellowfin in the Long- line Fishing Ground in the Pacific Ocean, Especial- ly on the Regional Variation of the Density in Each Size Group,'’ by Tadao Kamimura and Misao Honma; "Studies on Indomaguro,"' by Koya Mimura; ''Rela- tion between the Distribution of Tunas and Water Masses of the North and South Pacific Oceans West of 160° W.,'' by Hajime Yamanaka and Noboru An- raku; ''Age and Growth of Yellowfin Tuna," by Yoichi Yabuta and Mori Yukinawa; ''Studies on the Spawning Activity of the Pacific Tunas, Parathunnus mebachi and Neothunnus macropterus, by the Gonad Index Examination,” by Shoji Kikawa; ''Contributions to the Study of the Early Life History of the Tunas,'' by Hiroshi Yabe and Shoji Ueyanagi; ''Biochemical Studies on the Races of Tuna, Base Composition of Testis Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)," by Yutaka Fujii, Koichi Mimoto, and Shichiro Higasa; and "Blood Types in Tuna," by Akimi Suzuki. "Ta peche au thon dans le monde" (The World Tuna Fishery), by Robert Lenier, article, La Peche Mari- time, vol. 42, no, 1020, March 1963, pp. 153-155, illus., printed in French, single copy 11 NF (about US$2.05), Les Editions Maritimes, 190 Boulevard Haussmann, Paris, France. "Predicting the Albacore," by Harold B. Clemens, ar- ticle, Outdoor California, vol, 23, no, 7, July 1962, p. 15, illus., printed. The Resources Agency of California, Department of Fish and Game, 722 Capi- tol Ave., Sacramento 14, Calif, A Preliminary Report on Biometric Studies of Tunas (Genus Thunnus) of the Western North Atlantic, by Frank Jewett Mather, 10, pp., printed, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass., 1959. Report of Nankai Regional Fisheries Research Labora- tory, no, 15, March 1962, 162 pp., illus., printed in Japanese with English abstracts, Nankai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, Sanbashidori, Kochi, Japan, Contains, among others, these articles: "Studies on the Population Structure and Catch Vari- ation of the North Pacific Albacore,'' by Akira Suda; "Studies on the Albacore, VII--Some Considerations on the Relationship between the Distribution of Alba- core and the Surface Water Temperature in the Long-Line Fishing Ground of the North West Pacific," by Akira Suda and Toshio Shiohama; "Catch Varia- tions in the North Pacific Albacore, III--Comparison of Abundance between Albacore and Big-Eye in the North West Pacific,’ by Akira Suda; ''Ecological Study of Tunas in the Kinan Area, III--Fluctuations of Hooked Rate and Size Composition of Albacore," by Kyogoro Tatsuki and others; ''Some Considera- tions on the Growth of Marlins, Using Size-Frequen- cies in Commercial Catches, I--Attempts to Esti- mate the Growth of Sailfish,'' by Tsutoma Koto and Keiichi Kodama; and "Biochemical Studies on the Races of Tuna, VII--The Base Composition of DNA of Tuna (Part 2),"' by Yutaka Fujii, Koichi Mimoto, and Shichiro Higasa. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 131 "Report on Tuna Search Programme," article, Fish- eries Newsletter, vol, 22, no, 4, April 1963, pp. 20-21, 27, illus., printed. Commonwealth Fisheries Office, Department of Primary Industry, Canberra, Australia. Die Thune des tropischen Atlantiks (The Tuna of the “Tropical Atlantic), by V.L. Zarov, Ubersetzung No. 1427, 20 pp., illus., printed in German, Institut fur Hochseefischerei und Fischverarbeitung, Rostock- Marienehe, Germany, 1961, "Trans-Pacific Traveler,'' by E.S, Iversen, article, Sea Frontiers, vol. 9, no, 1, February 1963, pp. 34- 39, illus., printed, The International Oceanographic Foundation, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. TURTLES: Pacific Leatherback Turtles (DERMOCHELYS) Off the Coast of British Columbia, by I. B. MacAskie and C.R. Forrester, Reprint No, 56, printed. (Reprinted from Copeia, no, 3, 1962.) Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Biological Station, Nanaimo, B, C., Canada, UGANDA: The Fishes of Uganda, by Peter Humphry Greenwood, 124 pp., illus., printed, Uganda Society, Kampala, Uganda, 1958, UNITED KINGDOM: "British Customs and Tariff Regulations,'' by L. N. Laundry, article, Foreign Trade, vol, 119, no, 5, March 9, 1963, pp. 31-32, printed, single copy 20 Canadian cents. Queen's Printer, Government Print- ing Bureau, Ottawa, Canada, "Canned and Frozen Fish," by H. G, Garland, article, Foreign Trade, vol, 119, no. 5, March 9, 1963, pp. 17-18, printed, single copy 20 Canadian cents. Queen's Printer, Government Printing Bureau, Ot- tawa, Canada, U.S.S.R.: New Treaties and Other Developments in Field of In- ~ ternational Regulation of Deep-Sea Fishing and Whal- ing, USSR, 63-21280, 10 pp., printed, 50 cents. Oifice of Technical Services, U.S, Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D, C., March 8, 1963, Overcoming the Lag in Developing the Fish Industry in Kazakhstan, by A, Khaylenko, JPRS 8754, 9 pp., processed, (Translated from the Russian, Narodnoye Khozyaystvo Kazakhstana, no, 6, June1960, pp. 48-50.) U.S. Faint Publications Research Service, 1636 Con- necticut Ave, NW., Washington 25, D.C,, August 15, 1961. Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol, 38, no, 8, August 1962, 91pp. illus., printed in Russian, single copy 50 Kopecks (about 56 U.S. cents). Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, B-140, V. Krasnosel'skaia 17, Moscow, U.S.S.R. Includes, among others, these articles: ''How to Further Tech- nological Development of the Fishing Fleet;'' ''The Behavior of Herring during the Autumn and Winter Fishing Seasons,'' by I. K. Piaterikin; ''Our Experi- ence with Acclimatization of Pacific Grass Shrimp (Pandalus kessleri Tscherniawski) in the Black Sea," by IU. A. Misharev; ''Menhaden," by C, IA, Karpuk- hov; ''Freezer-Trawler Tropik,'' by N.I. Borisov, "Adopt the Experiences of the Machine Crew Working 132 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 7 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. on the SRT Izhora," by V.D. Al'banov and I, I, Koro- lev; 'Mechanization of Launching and Hauling of Purse Seines,'' by V.N. Girenko; ''Hydraulic Con- veyor on the Refrigerator Neva," by I. A, Smirnov; "New Standard for Frozen Fish," by S. 1, Gakichko; "Use of Glass Tubing in Fish Canneries,"' by M.S, Usach; ''We Must Strengthen the Economic Analysis in the Enterprises of the Fishing Industry," by G. Cherniavskii; ''How to Mechanize the Reseating of Engine Valves on Fishing Vessels," by S, 1, Frenkel; and ''The Conference on Hydraulic Mechanization of Herring Salting and Freezing Aboard Fishing Ves- sels. --Prepared by Milan A, Kravanja THE FOLLOWING PUBLICATIONS, PRINTED IN RUSSIAN AND PUBLISHED IN THE SOVIET UNION, ARE AVAILABLE FROM IMPORTED PUBLICATIONS AND PRODUCTS, 1 UNION SQUARE, ROOM 812, NEW YORK 3, N. Y.. Beringovo More (Bering Sea), by B.A. Shliamin, 96 pp. Gosizd. Geogr. Literatury, Moscow, 1958, Contains a chapter on fisheries, marine life, etc, Biologicheskie Issledovaniia Moria (Ryby) (Biological Marine Research--Fishes), 224 pp. Izdatel'stvo Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1963. (Published in Trudy Instituta Okeanologii, vol. 62.) Ekonomika, Organizatsiia i Planirovanie Proizvodstva v Rybnoi Promyshelennosti Economics, Organiza- tion, and the Planning of Production in the Fishing Industry), by M. V. Morozov, 238 pp. Pishchepro- mizdat, Moscow, 1960. Materialy po Izmenchivosti i Ekologii Ryb (Data on Variability and Ecology of Fish), 155 pp. Izdatel'- stvo, Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1962. Planirovanie v Rybolovetskom Kolkhoze (Planning in the Fishing Cooperatives), by D. I. Komaroy and V. A.lushin, 176 pp. Pishchepromizdat, Moscow, 1960. Spravochnik po Orudiam Lova, Setesnastnym Materi- alam i Promyslovomu Snariazheniu (Handbook on Fishing Gear, Nets and Tackle, and Commercial Fishing Equipment), by N. N. Andreev, 504 pp. Pishchepromizdat, Moscow, 1962, Tekhnika Promyshlennogo Rybolovstva i Setesnastnoe Khoziaistvo (Techniques of Commercial Fishing in Relation to Gear Operations), 235 pp. Vsesoiuznii Nauchno-Issledovatel'skii Institut Morskogo Rybnogo Khoziaistva i Okeanografii (VNIRO), Moscow, 1962. (Published as vol. 47 of Trudy VNIRO.) Tekhnologiia Rybnykh Produktov (Fishery Technology), 144 pp. Vsesoiuznii Nauchno-Issledovatel'skii Insti- tut Morskogo Rybnogo Khoziaistva i Okeanografii (VNIRO), Pishchepromizdat, Moscow, 1962, (Pub- lished as vol. 45 of Trudy VNIRO.) Trudy Vsesoiuznogo Soveshchaniia po Biologicheskim Osnovam Prudovogo Rybovodstva (Collected Works of the All-Union Conference on the Biological Prin- ciples of Pond Culture), 232 pp. Izdatel'stvo Akade- miia Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1962, Zoologicheskii Institut Rezultati Biologicheskikh Is- sledovanii Sovetskoi Antarkticheskoi Ekspeditsii; 1955-1958 G. G. (The Results of Biological Research Conducted by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition from 1955 to 1958, Part I), 311 pp. Izdatel'stvo Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1962. (Published in the series Issledovaniia Fauni Morei I (IX.) --Prepared by Milan A. Kravanja VESSELS: Shipboard Electrical Systems, Catalog No. D 208.11/2: 12/7, 292 pp., illus., printed $2.50, U.S. Navy, Washington, D.C., 1962. (For sale by the Superin- tendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.) VIRGINIA: of Virginia, Newport News, Va., 1962. Contains laws relating to fish, oysters, shellfish, and other ma- rine life; and laws relating to waters of the state, ports, and harbors. Also includes an abstract of license laws--licenses required of persons engaged in taking, catching, and marketing fish, oysters, clams, scallops, and mussels, WAGES: Earnings in the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts Shellfish Processing Industry, March 1962, 8 pp., processed. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of La- bor, Washington 25, D.C., March 1963. Covers a survey undertaken to provide information on wages in the shellfish-processing industry, which became subject to the minimum wage provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act in September 1961. The survey included all establishments with one or more em- ployees engaged in onshore processing (except can- ning) of clams, crabs, oysters, and shrimp on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts. The data reflect the earn- ings of production and related workers for the pay- roll week of February 26-March 3, 1962. WASHINGTON: partment of Fisheries, Olympia, Wash., 1960. WATER SAMPLERS: Improved Tripping Mechanism for Plastic Water Sam- plers, by K. Sentons: Reprint No. 77, printed. (Re- printed from Limnology and Oceanography, vol. 7, no. 4, 1962.) Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Biological Station, Nanaimo, B. C., Canada. WEATHER CHARTS: The following processed weather charts, 2 pp. each, are published by the Weather Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C., and are for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C., 10 cents each. Charts show stations displaying small craft, gale, whole gale, and hurricane warnings, explanation of warning displays, and schedules of AM and FM radio, TV, and radiophone stations that broadcast weather forecasts and warnings. July 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 133 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE Coastal Warning Facilities Chart, Eastern Fla,, 1963. Coastal Warning Facilities Chart, Morgan City, La., to Apalachicola, Fla., 1963. Coastal Warning Facilities Chart, Morgan City, La., to Brownsville, Tex., 1963. ae WHALES: "Whale Music," by W.E. Schevill, article, Oceanus, vol, IX, no. 2, December 1962, pp. 3-7, illus., printed. The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass. Discusses recorded sounds of the ''voices'' of several species of whale. WHALING: International Whaling Statistics, no. L, 58 pp., printed, Kr.2.00 (about 30 U.S. cents). Bureau of Interna- HARPOONS Harpoons are instruments withpointed barbed blades which are used The blades are detachable from the from a gun. in capturing large fish or mammals. pole, shaft, or handle. Harpoons are either thrown by hand or discharged Swordfish or tuna harpoon tional Whaling Statistics, Oslo, Norway, 1963. Re- sults of the whaling operations in the Antarctic dur- ing the season 1961/62. Includes statistical tables on whaling operations of Japan, Norway, Netherlands, United Kingdom, and U.S.S.R.; average size of whales caught; and number of whales caught, by spe- cies, sex, and size. Also includes data on average production of oil per blue-whale unit. YUGOSLAVIA: Improvement of Fish Culture in Yugoslavia: Final ie b ort, by S. Sarig, 21 pp., illus., printed. Agency for International Development, U.S. Embassy, Bel- grade, Yugoslavia, 1961. Note: Excerpt from Circular 109, Commercial Fishing Gear of the United States, for sale from the Super- intendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C., single copy, 40 cents. 134 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 7 ———| ATLANTIC SEA-RUN | SALMON COMMISSION | \ VA | e Gee \ Shh t3) [ob Maine rivers once supported large runs of At- ( Popularity of sport fishing for Atlantics is on the lantic salmon. Obstructions, pollution, and over- increase on Maine's coastal rivers, thanks to ef- fishing were the principal factors in the decline forts of the Maine Sea-run Salmon Commission's of this species. Modern management and stock- : restoration program. ing programs are helping the salmon make a comeback. 0 MM Ray TNSNA SO . 8 NOMS PE Thad NOI PES ASA QD THE ATLANTIC SALMON is one of the aristocrats of the game fish world. It differs from its landlocked cousin by living part of its adult life in the sea. Adult Atlantics usually start entering spawning rivers The Maine Sea-run Salmon Commission is responsible at the time of spring freshets. Spawning begins in for management of this species. The program in- October, in gravel areas with good water-flow. Young cludes research, water control, re-stocking, and — all- salmon hatch in March and April and remain in fresh important — elimination of obstructions to migration. water two to three years. Maine Department of Inland Fisheries & Game, Spring 1963 issue, State House, Augusta, Me. — It does not require a great deal of mechanical aptitude for the average owner of an outboard motor to get his engine in top condition for the boating season. With a few basic tools, average knowledge of what makes the motor work, andan hour or so of spare time, just about anyone can do it. GETTING OUTBOARD MOTOR READIED FOR BOATING Here is a simple, step-by-step procedure: (1) Start re- moving the spark plugs. Spark plugs may seem to be rather i — | insignificant parts of the engine, yet they are vitally impor- : i tant. Rough idling, hard starting and excessive fuel consump- : Pace tion can all result from defective plugs. Inspect the plugs \ 4 carefully for burning, fouling or cracking. If they appear to : Z bein good shape they can be cleaned, capped and re-used. If Fig. 1 - Check the spark plugs and the rub- they show signs of deterioration, donot take chances, replace ber insulated caps. Itis best to replace them with the type recommended by the manufacturer. Also check the rubber spark plug caps for deterioration. ‘o) eect Fig. 2 - Remove the fuel filter bowl. the bowl and the filter thoroughly — plugs that are at all questionable. Rubber neutral spirits or clean gasoline. caps should be inspected for deterioration. all fuel lines for leaks or cracks, (2) The ignition system--breaker points, condenser, coil and wiring--canbe quickly tested with a spark checker. Spark checkers are inexpensive to buy or, if you prefer, easy to make. (3) Next check stepis thefuelsystem. If youran the car- buretor dry last fall, you should nothave any problems. It is a good idea, however, to remove and clean the fuel filter bowl. Washthe bowl andthe filter with neutral spirits or clean gas- oline. If the filteris badly clogged with varnish or other de- posits, it should be replaced. Check all fuel lines for leaks or cracks. Fig. 3 - Proper lubrication is extremely im- portant, Use a grease gun to fill the fittings. y 4 Check the owner's manual for other parts (4) See that all parts are properly lubricated. Using a that require lubrication. S grease gun, fill the fittings with the proper lubricant. Your jae owner's manual will list other points that require attention. Lubrication is important. Do not overlook it. = | 5 as Fig. 4 - The exterior of the outboardmo) should also be givensome attention. Wi down metal parts with a lightly oiledck| and apply wax to fiberglass cover. _ (5) The lower unit housing the propeller shaft and gears shouldbe drained and refilled withthe lubricant recommend- edby the manufacturer. It wateror metal chips are detected in the drainoil, havea qualified outboard motor dealer check the motor. If you changed the lubricant last fall before the motor was put into storage, thereis noneedto doit againnow. It should be checked, however, to be sure it is full. (6) Do not make the mistake of using fuel left in the tank over the winter months. It has probably lost its ability to ig- nite properly and using it cancause hard starting, rough run- ning, and poor performance. Throw it out or use it in your four-cycle auto engine by adding it a little at a time to the regular fuel. (7) Especially on high horsepower motors, propellers are wee extremely important ingetting top performance. Mismatched - : ee — or damaged propellers are the most common cause of pro- Fig. 5 - Drain the lower gear case and refill Fig. 6 - A propeller in this condition cal bl related to eed and power losses, short spark plu it with the type of lubricant recommended cause many problems. Bent or badly § ce me = © f a Ee Al sane A P a 8 by the manufacturer. Even if this was done nicked propellers should be repaired, by} ife, excessive uel consumption and vibration. propeller last fall, check it now to be sure it is still pitched or replaced. Remove the pro- that is nicked or bent should be repaired, repitched, or re- full. peller and lubricate the shaft. | placed. If your motor does not deliver the kind of performance | that can reasonably be expected, have a marine dealer check the propeller. It may not be suited to your boat and the load j normally carry. While you are checking the propeller, lubricate its shaft and inspect the drive pin for wear. | | (8) When you have completed these steps, give the motor a thorough visual inspection. Lookfor loose screws and trimé' damaged parts. When everything is shipshape, connect the spark plug wires and put on the engine cover. Wipe down exter) metal parts with a lightly oiled cloth. Apply a coat of protective wax to fiberglass engine covers. That is all there is to it. It does not take long and doing it now will mean your motor will be ready to go when you get tl first urge to go boating. | --Outboard Marine International, S, Nassau, Bahamas. 7 | | | = On 2 il Se eT ez a= =Whalluul man poe > {Inuit hull lit = (/) G u Sy Y we 4 Y463X Tal ral ND Ss) S39 ns eos Se) — BE S => = Fish and Wildlife Service UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Bureau of Commercial Fisheries . 20, NO.8 L Washington, D.C. UNITED STATES BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD L. MCKERNAN, DIRECTOR SUCHIN bay CET Cy Rea DIVISION OF RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE RALPH C. BAKER, CHIEF CLARENCE F. PAUTZKE, COMMISSIONER A review of developments and news of the fishery industries prepared in the BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES. Joseph Pileggi, Editor G.A. Albano, H. M. Bearse, and H. Beasley, Assistant Editors Address correspondence and requests to the: Chief, Fishery Market News Service, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Wyatt Bldg., Suite 611, 777 14th Street, NW., Washington, D.C. 20005. Publication of material from sources outside the Bureau is not an endorsement. The Bureau is not responsible for the accuracy of facts, views, or opinions contained in material from outside sources. Although the contents of the publication have not been copyrighted and may be reprinted freely, reference to the source is appreciated. Use of funds for printing this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, May 1, 1963. 5/31/68 CONTENTS COVER: A long-line catch of 18 swordfish on 420 hooks was the result of one night's (June 8) fishing by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel Delaware at the edge of the Continental Shelf south of Cape Cod. The fish were caught during North Atlantic tuna explorations (April 22-June 10, 1963). (Pp. 36-40 of this issue.) Page 1 ..Mechanizing the Blue Crab Industry--Part II - Measures for the Immediate Relief Through Worker Specialization, by Charles F. Lee, George M. Knobl, Jr., Robert K. Abernethy, and Emmett F. Deady 6 . .Activation of U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Research Vessel George B. Kelez, by Robert R. French Page Page TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS: . .,TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Alaska: Alaska Fisheries Investigations (Contd.): 14 .. Soviet and Japanese Pisheries in Gulf of A- 17... Pink Eggs Warmed by Intertidal Action laska 18 .. Bristol Bay Fry and Smolt Migrations 14 .. 1963 Bering Sea Halibut Catch Favorable 15 .. Yakutat Area Good Producer of Dungeness 18 .. Auke Bay Plankton Increases Crab American Fisheries Advisory Committee: 15 .. Kodiak Area King Crab Landings Light 18 .. Protection of Estuaries Recommended 15 .. Continued Interest in Tanner Crab Process- American Samoa: ing 18 .. Completion Date for Second Tuna Cannery 15 .. Yakutat Cannery has Diversified Operations Delayed 15 .. Restaurants and Markets Required to Report California: Fresh Fish Purchases 19 .. Pelagic Fish Population Survey Continued 15 .. Auke Bay Federal Fisheries Biological Lab- 19 .. Blue Rockfish Tagged and Biological Data oratory Cooperates with State on Research Collected Off Mid-Coastal Area Alaska Exploratory Fishery Program: 20 .. Fish Disease Reappears at Crystal Lake 16 .. Distribution and Abundance of Sea Scallops Hatchery in Gulf of Alaska Studied 21 .. Investigation of Possible Fish Losses from Alaska Fisheries Investigations: DDT -Treated Irrigation Water 17... Evidence of Separate Pink Salmon Intertidal Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations: Races 21 .. Oceanic Eddies Southwest of Oahu Surveyed Contents continued page II. IT Page 22 22 22 23 23 41 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 CONTENTS (CONTINUED) TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Fish Behavior: New Laboratory at University of Miami to Conduct Studies Fisheries Laboratory: Contract Awarded for New Laboratory at Seattle, Wash. Fish Oils: Gas-Liquid Chromatography Aids in Iden- tifying Fatty Acids Fish Protein Concentrate: Contracts Awarded for Expanded Research Program Great Lakes Fisheries Exploration and Gear Research: Trawling Investigations in Northern Lake Michigan Trawl Fishing Investigation of Lake Erie Continued Great Lakes Fishery Investigations: Limnological Studies Expanded Distribution and Abundance of Small Lake Trout in Lake Superior Surveyed Lake Michigan Fish Population Survey Con- tinued Western Lake Superior Fishery Survey Gulf Exploratory Fishery Program: Gear Research in Gulf of Mexico Coordina- ted with Shrimp Marking Studies Motion Pictures Used to Study Deep-Water Shrimp Behavior Gulf Fishery Investigations: Shrimp Distribution Studies Hawaii: Tuna Landings in May 1963 Sharply Lower Industrial Fishery Products: Cost Factor Important in Use of Fish Meal in Poultry Feed Growth Factor in Fish Meal and Solubles Still Unidentified Net Protein Values of Fish Meal Determined Without Chemical Analysis Tests for Digestibility of Fish Meal Proteins Improved by Lowering Concentration of Pepsin U.S. Fish Meal and Solubles: Production and Imports: January-May 1963 January-April 1963 U.S. Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles: Major Indicators for U.S. Supply, May 1963 Production for May 1963 by Areas Production in 1962 Inventions: New Ice-Fishing Aid Patented Maine: Fishery Landings, 1962 Maine Sardines: Canned Stocks, June 1, 1963 North Atlantic Fisheries Exploration and Gear Research: Tuna Stocks in North Atlantic Surveyed North Atlantic Fisheries Investigations: Survey of Sea Scallop Population on Georges Bank North Carolina: Fishery Landings, 1962 Page 42 42 43 43 43 44 45 45 47 48 48 49 50 51 52 53 53 53 54 54 55 56 56 57 58 58 59 60 61 61 62 Continued on page III. TRENDS AND D£VELOPMENTS (Cont.): North Pacific Exploratory Fishery Program: "Off-Bottom'' Trawling Investigated Abundance and Distribution of Albacore Tuna and Other Pelagic Species to be Studied Oceanography: Keel Laid for Research Vessel Oceanographer New Coast and Geodetic Survey Research Vessels Pierce and Whiting Enter Service New Research Vessel Commissioned for Miami University Sea Floor to be Studied University of Miami Adds New Research and Training Unit Oysters: Maryland Observations for 1963 Pesticides: Interior Department Favors Research to Develop New Compounds Salmon: Columbia River Chinook Marking Project Shad: Effort to Reestablish in Susquehanna River Shrimp: Artificial Cultivation of Pink Shrimp From Egg to Adult United States Shrimp Supply Indicators, June 1963 South Carolina: Fisheries Biological Research Progress, April-June 1963 Fishery Landings, 1962 Spearfish: New Species Identified Tuna: Bluefin Tuna Tagged off Cape Cod Recaptured near Maryland Coast Bluefin Tuna Tagged off Mexico Recaptured South of Japan Industry-Government Market Promotion U.S. Fishing Vessels: Documentations Issued and Cancelled, May 1963 Fisheries Loan Fund Loans and Other Finan- cial Aid for Vessels, April 1-June 30, 1963 David Starr Jordan Will Be New Research Vessel for Pacific Investigations Shrimp Fishing Vessels Averaged Close to 52 Feet in Length in 1961 Converted Yacht Now Oldest Fishing Vessel in United States U.S. Foreign Trade: Imports of Canned Tuna Under Quota Airborne Imports of Fishery Products, January-February 1963 Edible Fishery Products: May 1963 April 1963 Vessel Unloading: Fish Unloading, De-Icing, and Weighing Equipment Retested at Boston Whales: Scientists Explain Why Whales Strand on Beaches Wholesale Prices: Edible Fishand Shellfish, June 1963 August 1963 Page 63 65 65 65 66 67 67 69 70 70 71 73 74 75 75 76 76 77 17 78 78 78 79 80 80 81 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW III CONTENTS (CONTINUED) TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Wisconsin: Fishery Landings, 1962 FOREIGN: International: Codex Alimentarius Commission: o.° First Meeting Held on the Development of Worldwide Food Standards Fish Meal: World Production, April 1963 Fish Oil: World Exports, 1962 Food and Agriculture Organization: Extensive Use of Synthetic Materials in Fish Netting a0 Second World Fishing Gear Congress Held in London World Food Congress: : Interior Secretary Stresses Value of Fish Protein Concentrate Great Lakes Fishery Commission: ore Trout Planting in Lake Superior International Pacific Halibut Commission: 0 North Pacific Halibut Fishery Regulations for 1963 Revised North Pacific Fisheries Convention: . Conference Opened by Interior Secretary D Revision Problems Not Resolved 0 Canadian Fisheries Minister Reports on Conference Japanese Political Party's Views on Re- vision of Treaty 56 Amendment to Convention Enters Into Force Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Commission: Thirteenth Annual Meeting Held in Halifax, Nova Scotia Organization for Economic Cogperation and Development: Ae, Fisheries Committee Meets International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission: Research Program Reorganized Territorial Waters: Ecuador, Chile, and Peru May Ban Foreign Vessels from ''Territorial'’ Waters Trade Fairs: World Fishing Exhibition Held in London, England, May 27-31, 1963 International Whaling Commission: . Fifteenth Annual Meeting UNESCO International Oceanographic Commission: Meeting of International Cooperative In- vestigations of the Tropical Atlantic Whaling: 4 Antarctic Catch, 1962/63 Season Australia: Marine Biologist Warns of Decline in Spiny Lobster Resource . Development of a Deep-Water Tuna Fishery Being Studied . Whale Oil Industry Trends, Fiscal Year 1962/63 Brazil: - Committee to Study Adherence to Geneva Convention on Law of the Sea Page 81 81 81 82 82 83 84 85 85 85 86 86 86 86 87 87 88 88 88 89 89 89 90 90 90 90 90 91 91 91 92 92 FOREIGN (Contd.): Canada: British Columbia Fishing Industry Spokesmen Object to North Pacific Fisheries Treaty Revision Fishery Scholarships Awarded Great Lakes Institute Research Program for 1963 Joint Lake Erie Research Project with United States Proposed 1962 Pack of Pink Salmon Causes Marketing Problems Market for Fishery Products in United Kingdom, 1961-62 British Columbia Whaling Company Hopes for Better Season in 1963 Caroline Islands: U.S. Firm to Establish a Tuna Freezing and Fishing Project Chile: Plans to Tighten Control Over Foreign Fishing Vessel Licenses Denmark: Baltic Fishermen Report Soviet Interference Distant-Water Fishing Trial Disappointing Fishermen Seek Lower Taxes on Landings Fishermen Seek Salmon Off Norway Lower Production of Pond Trout Predicted Due to Severe Winter Faroe Islands: Regulations on 12-Mile Fishing Limit Issued Domestic Activity Stimulated by Threat of Ban on Landings in United Kingdom French Guiana: Shrimp Firm Established by United States Interests Expands Ghana: Fish Meal and Cannery Plants Included in Construction Contract Greenland: Fishing Limits Law Modified to Consider Historic Fishing Rights Honduras: Shrimp Fishery Expands Hong Kong: Fisheries Trends, First Quarter 1963 Iceland: Exports of Fishery Products, January-March 1963 Fishery Landings by Principal Species, Jan- uary 1963 Fishery Landings by Principal Species, Jan- uary-February 1963 Utilization of Fishery Landings, January 1963 Utilization of Fishery Landings, January- February 1963 New Freezer Trawler Lands in England Indonesia: Canned Fish Market Limited Japan: Canned Tuna in Brine Sales to United States Price for June-July Exports of Canned Tuna in Brine Unchanged Frozen Tuna Sales Agreements with U.S. Canners Concluded Frozen Tuna Exports to United States, April- June 1963 Contents continued page IV. IV Pag 92 92 93 93 93 93 93 94 94 94 94 95 95 95 95 96 96 96 96 96 99 99 99 101 101 102 102 104 104 104 105 105 105 106 e COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 CONTENTS (CONTINUED) FOREIGN (Contd.): Japan (Contd.): Exports of Frozen Tuna to United States Lower in January-May 1963 Atlantic-Caught Frozen Tuna Prices, Mid- June 1963 Exporters Report Sale of U.S.-Caught Fro- zen Tuna to Italy Italian Market for Atlantic-Caught Tuna Firm Transshipment of Frozen Tuna to Spain Authorized Summer Albacore Tuna Fishery Landings of Summer Albacore Higher as of Early June 1963 Albacore Tuna Fishery Trends, May 1963 Small Tuna Canners Combine to Overcome Supply Problem Two Tuna Motherships Leave for Fishing Grounds Off Mexico Halibut Fishery Trends, June 1963 Price Reduced for 1962 Pack of Canned Pink Salmon Japanese Will Not Fish King Crab South of Alaska Peninsula This Year New Research Vessel Planned for FY 1964 Revision of Regulations on Trawl Fishery Proposed Trawler in Northwest Atlantic Reports Good Cod Catches New Stern Trawler Leaves for West African Area Modern Can-Fabricating Plant Completed Agreement Permits Harvesting of Seaweeds Off Soviet Island New Fishery Landings Record Established in 1962 Morocco: Frozen Sardine Exports to France Suspended Again New Zealand: Soviets Plan Survey of Fisheries Resources Adjacent to Coast Survey Raises Hope for Shrimp Fishery Norway: Exports of Canned Fish, January 1-April27, 1963 Cod Fishery Trends, May 1963 Protests Discriminatory Treatment by Brazil on Dry-Salted Cod Imports Panama: Spiny Lobster Exploratory Fishing Project Continued Peru: Tuna Canning Factoryship Purchased from a United States Firm Begins Operations Reaction on Seizure of U.S. Tuna Vessels by Ecuador Fish Meal Supply and Distribution, 1960- 1963 Exports of Principal Marine Products, Jan- uary-March 1962-63 Portugal: Canned Fish Exports, January-March 1963 Canned Fish Pack, January-March 1963 South Africa Republic: Pilchard-Maasbanker Fishery, January- March 1963 Page 106 107 107 107 108 109 109 110 114 114 115 115 115 115 117 117 123 124 125 FOREIGN (Contd): South-West Africa: Fisheries Trends, April 1963 Soviet Fleet Resumes Fishing Off Coast Sudan: New Fishing Harbor Planned Taiwan: Fisheries Trends, First Quarter 1963 Thailand: Fishing Fleets Almost Completely Motorized Uganda: Fresh-Water Fish Production, 1961-62 U.S.S.R.: Soviet Fishing Conditions Saury Canning Plant Established in Kuril Islands United Kingdom: Small-Type Stern Trawlers Have Many New Features New Fish-Drying Process Developed Fishery Loans Interest Rates Revised Foreign Fisheries Briefs: Soviet Fishing in North Pacific and Bering Sea Soviet Fishing on Georges Bank Soviet Trawler Off California Coast Soviet-Cuban Scientific Agreement Japanese Will Build Soviet Fishing Vessels French Will Build Soviet Stern Trawlers Liberian Fishing Industry to be Reorganized "FEDERAL ACTIONS: Department of Commerce: Area Redevelopment Administration: Industrial Loan to Alaska Canning Firm Approved Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Food and Drug Administration: Effective Date of Standards of Identity for Frozen Raw Breaded Shrimp Stayed Study of State and Local Food and Drug Laws Department of the Interior: Office of the Secretary: Commissioner of Fish and Wildlife Author- ized to Enforce Indian Commercial Fishing Regulations in Alaska Bureau of Commercial Fisheries: Public Meetings on Proposed Revision of Grade Standards for Frozen Raw Breaded Shrimp Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife: Alaska Regional Office Closed in Re- organization Bureau of Indian Affairs: Indian Commercial Fishing Regulations in Alaska Department of Labor: Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Divisions: Minimum Wage Rates for Puerto Rico Tuna Cannery Workers Revised Eighty-Eighth Congress (First Session) FISHERY INDICATORS: Chart 1 - Fishery Landings for Selected States Chart 2 - Landings for Selected Fisheries Chart 3 - Cold-Storage Holdings and Freez - ings of Fishery Products Contents continued page V. August 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW W CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Page Pa FISHERY INDICATORS (Contd.): 126 .. Chart 4 - Receipts and Cold-Storage Holdings 128 . ge FISHERY INDICATORS (Contd.): - Chart 7 - U.S. Fishery Products Imports of Fishery Products at Principal Distribution RECENT FISHERY PUBLICATIONS: Centers 129 .. Fish and Wildlife Service Publications 126 .. Chart 5 - Fish Meal and Oil Production 130 .. Miscellaneous Publications 127 .. Chart 6 - Canned Packs of Selected Fishery Products Prolific fish—such as carp—often deposit as many as 150,000 eggs annually. Editorial Assistants: Ruth V. Keefe and Jean Zalevsky Sr. Compositor: Alma Greene Jr. Compositors: Donna K., Wallace and Marjorie McGlone Photograph Credits: Page by page, the following list gives the source or photographer for each photograph in this issue, Photographs on pages not mentioned were obtained from the Service's file and the photographers are unknown, P, 5--Eric Friese, Curator, Seattle Marine Aquarium; p. 34--F. B. Walker & Sons, Pascagoula, Miss.; p. 43--Coast & Geodetic Survey; p. 49--W. M. Stephens, Institute of Marine Science, Miami, Fla.; p. 57 (figs. 1 & 2)--F. B. Sanfordand C.F. Lee; p. 62--J. Pileggi; p. 84--Information Services, Dept. of Fisheries, Ottawa, Canada; pp. 94, 108 (figs. 1 & 2), & 109--FAO photos; pp. 98 (figs. 4, 5, & 8), and 99--Consulate General of Japan, N. Y.; p. 101-- Robert Capa, Lofoten, Norway; p. 102--Norway Fisheries and Fish Proc- essing; p. 105--Milton J. Lindner, American Embassy, Mexico; p. 108 (left)--Information Office, International Bank for Reconstruction and Devel- opment, Taiwan. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C Price 60 cents (single copy). Subscription Price: $5.50 a year; $2 additional for foreign mailing. CUTS A 2 MRSS GA Be tet) proce ea August 1963 Washington 5, D. C. Vol. 25, No. 8 MECHANIZING THE BLUE CRAB INDUSTRY Part Il - Measures for Immediate Relief Through Worker Specialization By Charles F. Lee, George M. Knobl, Jr., Robert K. Abernethy, and Emmett F. Deady* ABSTRACT This article suggests how the efficiency of the picking oper- ation in the blue crab industry can be improved (1) by utilizing each worker's skill maximally, (2) by choosing the workers for teams ac- cording to their skill in each special operation--cleaning, lump picking, and flake picking--so that the work output of the team members is balanced, and (3) by improving the method of material transport among workers. SUMMARY Suggestions have been made for ways in which the efficiency of blue crab picking plants can be improved. The fundamental alteration involves assignment of workers to specific duties in which their individual abilities are fully utilized. For maximum efficiency, it is necessary to balance the system whether it be a small work team of 3 or 4 members ora team several times as large. Anexcess or deficiency of crab parts at any worker station should be avoided. In general, owing to the different rates at which each operation--clean- ing, lump picking, and flake picking--can be done, the desired balance is easiest to obtain when the team is composed of several times more than the minimum number of workers re- quired. With suitable arrangement of the team units and use of chutes to move material for small groups or of trays and a gravity roller-conveyor system to move material for large groups, material being handled can move freely through the system without the loss in time that is involved in hand-carrying from one place to another. With these relatively simple and inexpensive modifications of present practice, the con- tractor believes that most crab plants can operate at a profit even when all workers are paid the minimum wage required under the amended Fair Labor Standards Act. BACKGROUND The blue crab industry employs a large number of workers to pick the meat of cooked crabs by hand. Prior to September 1961, these pickers had been paid on the basis of the a- mount of meat they produced. Since that time, an amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act has required crab pickers to be paid a minimum hourly wage. In mid-1961, Congress recognized the problem that this regulation would create for the crab industry and provided the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries with funds to help the industry through mechaniza- tion of the hand operations. To investigate the problem of mechanization, the Bureauemployed a contractor (1) to survey the blue crab industry to determine its exact requirements in regard to mechaniza- tion, (2) to suggest the machines needed, and (3) to develop specific recommendations for in- creasing the efficiency of the present industry, thereby enabling the plants to operate ata profit during the interim period before the machines become available. The purpose of this, *In order of listing: Supervisory Chemical Engineer, Assistant Laboratory Director, Technological Laboratory, U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries, College Park, Md.; Engineer, Branch of Technology, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Washington, D. C.; Senior Engineer and Vice President, American Scientific Corp., Alexandria, Va. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 683 2 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 the second article in the present series discussing the contractor's findings, is to report his recommendations for increasing the efficiency of present plant practice. The main topics discussed in this report are (1) the basic principle underlying the con- tractor's recommendations, (2) the grouping of workers into teams, and (3) the contractor's operational suggestions. BASIC PRINCIPLE The principle on which the contractor based his recommendations for increasing the efficiency of the picking operation (which is the operation requiring most of the hand labor in the industry) was, ina word, ''specialization.'' His team of engineers made intensive ob- servations of a group of pickers in a typical Maryland plant and then, on the basis of these observations, developed a plan for modifying the picking procedure. Before recommending their proposed plan, however, the engineers tested its workability in a second plant. The basic principle of their recommended plan was to assign the individual worker to a special task that observations and trials demonstrated he had the ability to perform with above-average speed or skill. One worker may, for example, pick crab claws more rapidly than another worker, who is perhaps rather slow but who, by virtue of his greater care, might do an excellent job of separating the relatively high-priced lump meat in large pieces and with maximum yield. In short, the essence of the plan is that through observations or time trials, each plant manager groups his workers according to their individual abilities. TEAM FORMATION The next step is to select groups of workers to form teams to perform the three funda- mental operations of (1) cleaning, (2) lump picking, and (3) flake-meat picking. The primary consideration in making up the teams is to achieve balance among the workers assigned to each operation. Ideally, work should flow smoothly between operators, with minimum accu- mulation of crab parts at any one point, but with an adequate supply of crab parts to keep all operators busy. The following discussion of the duties of each job may be helpful in the selection of workers: 1. The "cleaner'' removes the back and legs of the crabs and scrapes the body core to remove the unwanted parts (gills and viscera, etc.). This job requires moderate speed and the ability to cull out crabs of poor quality. 2. The "lump picker" makes two back slice cuts and extracts the lump meat. This job needs maximum care, precision, and dexterity, rather than speed, since lump meat is a premium-priced product; both maximum size of lump and maximum yield must be obtained. 3. The "flake (residual body meat) picker" takes out all the remaining meat from the back slices and body. This worker needs above-average speed combined with the ability to work cleanly and to extract the maximum amount of this residual meat consistent with fairly rapid handling. OPERATIONAL SUGGESTIONS In practice, perfectly balanced teams consisting of one worker for each task are difficult to obtain. Moreover, some workers, after short periods on special jobs, increase their pro- ductive capacity considerably, whereas others may already have been working near their maximum rates. In order to obtain the desired balance, the individual workers may be re- assigned, or the size of a group may be increased. In the determination of the size and make - up of the group, economic factors such as the price and supply of crab must be considered. Also to be considered in the effort to achieve maximum plant efficiency is the method of trans - porting the raw and the processed material through the system. In the following discussion, these topics are considered in more detail. August 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 3 WORKER ASSIGNMENT: A cleaner may work too fast for the other team members and, if so, should be shifted to a faster group for maximum efficiency. Flexibility should be main- tained, especially in the first weeks after the new system is installed. The operation of the groups Should be closely observed. GROUP SIZE: During plant trials with selected worker teams, the contractor found that owing to the different times required for each operation, it was difficult to obtain the desired system balance with picker teams composed of only 3 or 4 members. Although it may be as- sumed that more evenly balanced teams would be obtained after observation of worker skills over a longer period and through shifts between groups after the skill of each worker became better known, the use of large groups does offer advantages. With four or more workers on each specialized operation, there is a considerably greater chance of being able to compen- sate for the difference in time required for each operation. In the plant under study, the average time required for pickers to perform each step per crab was as follows: 1. Debacking-cleaning, 7.9 seconds. 2. Cutting back slices and removing lump meat, 6.2 seconds. 3. Picking two back slices and core, 16.5 seconds. 4. Picking two claws, 15.3 seconds. In actuality, there was a wide variation in the rates at which individual pickers performed the operations; for practical purposes, the "'average'' worker does not exist. These data EN y/ Fig. 1 - Basic team operation. Operator 1, removes and saves claws, pulls off back and legs, scrapes out body cavity, culls out poor quality crabs; needs moderate speed and good judgment of condition of crabs. Operator 2, makes two back slicesand removes lumpmeat; needs care anddexterity to get maximum yield of large-sized lump. Operator 3, removes the flake meat from body and back slices; needs above-average’ speed and dexerity to salvage maxi- mum amount of residual body meat, : ; Note: Operator 2 may pick some back slices, or a fourth operator may be used to the right of Operator 2, to assist with the final step. Claws are picked as a separate operation. 4 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 serve only to emphasize that team operations are not readily subjected to balancing with a simple 3- or 4-member team. By increasing team size, balance can be obtained withincreas- ing simplicity, limitations on group size being imposed chiefly by the problems of material transport. Four- to six-worker teams can operate at one table by adaptations of the principle illustrated in figure 1. For large plants, groups of 4 to 10 specialists may be profitably con- centrated in a single work area with some type of mechanical transport of material between work areas (fig. 2). A larger group also has the advantage that supervision of the operation is simplified, reducing management problems. Cleaned cores rays of lump AEE KK EEN CC OOK L RRR R RE PRR and cores less lump Lump Pickers from cooling room Overhead track Claw Flake Pickers Pickers nee OOO 0x5 5252505 - e% ese "es SS =a = Weighing & packing area Lower level er ORR CH 5 ns conveyor ; ORO Oey Shipping Waste to dryer—<— Tray cleaning area Tr PLIST RALITR a 5 — ~ { RIO RRR Hon: <—_ CRR ROD RIION ARR IN IEC ORONO RON OO BORO ROR mpty trays ays Clean trays od = Fig. 2 - Large group operation using gravity wheel conveyors and tray system. With one or more balanced large teams, a small "flying squad'' of workers having gen- eral skills could be developed and kept mobile, ready to move into any gap or to back up the regular crew if, for some reason, material began to accumulate at any point in the line. ECONOMIC CONSIDERATION: The price of raw crabs and, to a lesser extent, the a- mount of cooked crabs that should be picked during a given work period will indirectly affect the picking operation. When, for example, crabs are scarce and their price is high, it will be profitable to pick the meat from the ''back slices.'' These slices are the pieces cutoff by the lump picker so that the lump can be removed from the cell of cartilage in which the lump lies. When crabs are scarce, it may pay to assign an extra flake picker to the team to per- mit maximum recovery of the back-slice meat, which may amount to as much as 24 percent of the body meat. When, however, crabs are abundant and their price is low, it may be more profitable to instruct the flake picker to pick only as many of the back slices as she canwith- out forming a bottleneck. In periods of glut, or whenever the supply of crabs is out of pro- portion to the number of available pickers, it may prove advantageous to discard back slices entirely in order to obtain the highest rate of production, even at the sacrifice of yield. MATERIAL TRANSPORT: For teams composed of 3 or 4 workers, it is convenient to work on two sides of a rectangular table from a pile of cooked crabs in front of the cleaner (fig. 1). A chute on the edge of the table can be used to carry the cleaned cores to the lump picker on the cleaner's right, and a second chute can be used to carry the back slices and bodies, minus lump, to the 1 or 2 flake pickers at the end of the table. August 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 5 With larger groups, it may be practical to install a gravity-wheel conveyor system to carry the material from one group of specialized workers to another, as illustrated in figure 2. At one end of the rectangular work area the cleaners sit at a table, and conveniently located on the opposite side of the table sit the claw pickers. The conveyor carries the pans of cleaned crab cores around the corner to the lump pickers. The back slices and partially picked cores move in trays by conveyor to the larger group of flake pickers. Just beyond this point, the trays of cans, or pans of picked meat, move on a take-off conveyor into the packing area, where the weights of the cans are checked and the cans are capped and iced for shipment or storage (or alternatively, are pasteurized). The now empty trays are returned via the con- veyor to a tray-cleaning area. From this point, the clean trays complete the circuit back to the cleaners! table. An under-the-table conveyor system can also be used to remove the waste. An installation of this type can operate efficiently when the number of workers in the group range from 20-40 or more. BIBLIOGRAPHY LEE, CHARLES F,; GEORGE M. KNOBL, Jr.; and EMMETT F. DEADY 1963. Mechanizing the Blue Crab Industry. Part I - Survey of Processing Plants. Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 25, no. 7 (July), pp. 1-10. es Note: Part III - Strengthening the Industry's Economic Position, will appear in a later issue of the Review. BSSAKLAAADA LIVE ALASKAN KING CRABS ON DISPLAY AT SEATTLE MARINE AQUARIUM | In reporting on the donation of live Alaskan king crabs to the Philadelphia Aquarama in April 1963 (Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1963 p. 15), no mention was made of those on displayat the Seattle Marine Aquarium. The Curator of that Aquarium called this oversight to our attention and supplied the following information. Live Alaskan king crabs (Paralothides camachatica) are on display atthe Seattle Ma- rine Aquarium. Four specimens (all male) were donated to the Aquariumby the U.S. Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries, but one — died and the three remaining crabs are reported doing well in their new envi- ronment. The crabs were collectednear Juneau, Alaska, by SCUBA-equipped div- er-biologists from the Bureau's Auke Bay Biological Laboratory under aper- mit issuedby the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. After their capture, the crabs were placed in styrofoam boxes packed with snow and kelp andflown by jet plane, a- bout the middle of April, toSeattle where they arrived several hours later alive and kicking. The Curator of the Aquarium said that three of the crabs took imme- Be diately to various fooditems given them. Live king crabs on display at the Seattle Marine Aquarium. The fourth crab made no attempt to eat anything and diedfour weeks later. The remaining three crabs very readily accept frozen herring--about one fully-grown herring per crab daily. In between the daily herring ra- tion they also feed on various echinoderms (mainly starfish and sea cucumbers) that are kept as supplementary food items in their individual tanks. Each crab resides in its own 400-gallon tank. The waterin the tanks is kept at aconstant 519-529 F. temperature in an open-circulating water system. The live Alaskan king crabs now in captivity in the United States total nine. Besides the threeat the Seattle Marine Aquarium, the others are on display at the New York Zoo- logical Society's Aquarium in New York City and the Philadelphia Aquarama. ae 6 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 ACTIVATION OF U. S. BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES RESEARCH VESSEL GEORGE B. KELEZ By Robert R. French* ABSTRACT -The U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory in Seattle acquired a Navy surplus vessel, T-AKL-30, and converted it to a fisheries research vessel during the spring and summer of 1962. The major conversion work consisted of installing bulwarks; replacing the existing gyrocompass, steering engine, andradio with new installations; andoverhauling the machinery. The electrical and refrigera - tion systems were the most troublesome problems encountered during the reactivation. The conversion process tookapproximately 44 months, and cost about $100, 000. CONTENTS Page Page SummaryzandiConclusionsmeasaieeeenoeen ene none 6 Navigational Installations .........22ec0s0. 10 Background...... D1 010 105. 0-0l'0 0 940" 6 044 7 Communications and Electronics Installations ..... 10 Vessel Acquisition and Description bolo o'o'6 6.6 64 0'0 7 Engine) Controle) ene ej ieijentenoe: Men caleneneiei tennis 11 Vessel Reactivation and Conversion Details: 60 0/0 OO 0 8 Refrigeration ..... Dog dono 0 06 0.000.006 11 Hull Structures, Fittings, and Auxiliaries. ...... 8 Miscellaneous Equipment “and Supplies 5.01000 0.0 11 Quarters and Accommodations ........s.ese0c06 9 Research Equipment Installations .....+...-. 11 Machinery Installations. ..... 0000 00.00.0060 9 Cost of Reactivation ....... OOD OO000000 13 EVectricallSystemi-momomiemom meee menoiion emails 10 Rerfonnance ymca meen mnie ite Sbo500005000 13 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The Seattle Biological Laboratory acquired a Navy surplus vessel T-AKL-30 and con- verted it into a research vessel during the spring and summer of 1962. The activation and conversion process took some 45 months at a cost of about $100,000. Most of the conversion work was accomplished by the ship's crew. New equipment was purchased and installed. Specialized work on the electrical and refrigeration systems was done by reputable business firms. Fig. 1 - Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research vessel (George B. Kelez), before (left) and after conversion (right). The most troublesome reactivation problems were in the electrical and refrigeration systems. Those systems were placed into operating condition for the first cruise but addi- tional work will be required. Other factors were to rebuild the aft crew quarters, construct captain's quarters in the radio room, and a cook's room in the space previously allotted as the crew's wardroom. Finally, fishing and oceanographic equipment were installed on deck. * Fishery Biologist (Research), Biological Laboratory, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Seattle, Wash. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 684 August 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW a This program of acquiring and converting a Navy surplus vessel gave the Seattle Labora- tory a serviceable research vessel for carrying on its marine research program in a com- paratively short time and at comparatively low cost. Fishing stations were fishedas sched- uled during the summer of 1962 under the International North Pacific Fisheries Commission program, and in every respect the vessel matched or exceeded performances of chartered research vessels. BACKGROUND The key to a comprehensive marine research program is a well-equipped ocean-going research vessel. The Bureau's Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Seattle, Wash., since 1955 has engaged in high-seas research on salmon in North Pacific and Bering Sea waters. Hav- ing no research vessel, the Seattle Laboratory chartered commercial fishing vessels for fish- ing surveys and oceanographic sampling. Costs of those chartered vessels, with crews, in recent years ranged from $500 to $800 a day. Although chartered vessels served capably in the research program, they frequently were lacking in gear-carrying capacity and range. There also were some handicaps because of the lack of permanently installed research equip- ment and facilities. To meet increasing requirements in range and research capabilities, a surplus Navy T-AKL-30 was acquiredand converted. The vessel was named the George B. Kelez in honor of a Bureau scientist long associated with the fisheries of Alaska and the Pa- cific Northwest. This report describes the reactivation and conversion of the Navy surplus vessel to a research vessel (George B. Kelez) in the spring and summer of 1962. The vessel beforeand after conversion is shown in figure 1. VESSEL ACQUISITION AND DESCRIPTION During the summer of 1961, the Seattle Biological Laboratory seriously considered ac- quiring for marine research a Navy vessel declared excess property at Mare Island, Calif. Some years previously, similar surplus vessels were inspected but no action was taken to obtain one. Impetus was later given to obtaining a surplus vessel for reserarch because of the need to expand marine researchand to provide specialized equipment and permanent facili- ties not available on chartered vessels. There was further encouragement in considering the Navy vessel for the Laboratory's needs fol- lowing the chartering and successful fishing by the Bertha Ann, a 176-foot converted Navy NSN aeons celts surplus vessel, during the summer of 1961. During September 1961, the T-AKL-30 (formerly FS 400) was declared excess property at Mare Island, Calif. This ves- + sel was nearly identical to the Bertha Ann. spo test © bets Initial examination of the vessel was made Light draft . . .. | 4 feet 6 inches forward; 8feet 4inches aft. by Laboratory personnel and later the ves- Loaded draft. . . | 8 feet 10 inches forward; 11 feet 8 inches aft. selwas moved from Mare Island to Oakland General Raised forecastle head, 2 cargohatches amid- 5 arrangement .. ship, superstructure and engine room aft and drydocked for a more thorough inspec — Main engines . . | Two 6-cylinder Model 6-278A General Motors tion by marine surveyors engaged by the . Diesels driving two 4-bladed 6' x 6.53' pro- Laboratory. Following receipt of the ma- EGS GARORGIN SoNER TO ebh-ilors coatings rine survey report, which in effect stated Particulars of the Vessel T-AKL-30 Army F.S., Interisland Supply Vessel. Ingalls Shipbuilding Corp., Alabama--1944, $1, 440, 000 (exclusive of the cost of conver- sion and outfitting as a reefer vessel in 1945). Steel and Falk 3.05 to 1 reduction gears. Total horsepower--1, 000. that if recommended overhaul work was Auxiliary power . | All auxiliary equipment, including windlass, carried out the vessel would be a worthy A CENEO Utes, Capt, cin sateen firothels Pheeleat t a tion equipment, electrically driven. Elec- asse .e) e pS LU e a. uses ory pro tric power supplied by 2 100 kw. generators ceeded to acquirethe vessel. This was ac- driven by 2 Model 3-267A General Motors complished late in December 1961. The Diesels, le th ‘ a ee ass 1 (Cruising speed. . |Light, 11.4 knots. Loaded, 10.2 knots. =| vessel was en towe Oo yea © in early 595 barrels (24,990 gals. February 1962 for reactivation. Fresh water capacity ... . | 108 long tons The table gives the particulars of the Bipshens OS a0 Geis ees Average daily .. vessel. fuel consumption | 25.7 barrels (1,079 gals. 8 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 VESSEL REACTIVATION AND CONVERSION DETAILS To reactivate the vessel the Laboratory hired a permanent crew to do as much of the work as possible. Work that could not be done by the ship's crew was to be contracted. Ac- cordingly, an initial crew of nine (master, mate, chief engineer, first assistant and second assistant engineers, cook-steward, and three skilled fishermen) were hired. Later a fourth skilled fisherman was hired to complete the crew. Additional temporary workers, such as a welder, carpenter, and engineers were hired for special jobs that the crew could not handle. Initially, little modification of the vessel was planned. Other than reactivating the ship's machinery, it was planned to convert the radio room to the captain's quarters, install well- deck bulwarks, modify the existing aft crews' quarters for laboratory space, and refurbish various staterooms as necessary to accommodate the crew and scientific personnel. Special fishing and oceanographic equipment were to be installed on deck areas. As the reactivation work progressed, changes were made in the original plans and many additional modifications were accomplished during the vessel conversion. drydocked for inspection and to clean and paint the bottom, remove coffer dams from sea suction and overboard discharges, and remove blanks from the fathometer. Rubber boots were removed from the tail shafts, and tail shaft clearances were checked. The tail shafts were not pulled during this drydocking, however. The stuffing boxes and rudder stock were repacked, and zines were renewed. A new slave-rudder system was installed to provide better vessel control at slow speeds. This system consisted of two auxiliary rudders attached parallel to the existing rudder. These two auxiliary rudders extended out from the main rudder so as to be in the edge of the slip- stream from the ship's propellers. Because of its apparent successful adaptation on the Bertha Ann, a slave-rudder assembly was purchased. The mast and four booms were left as they were and new rigging installed. To raiseand lower the booms, four Olympic hoists of 5-ton capacity were installed. These hoists are op- erated either by hand (rotating a large wheel), or by using a one-half inch heavy-duty electric drill. The electric drill was modified with a special chuck designed to fit the spline of the hoist. The vessel was equipped with four electric cargo winches which were left in place and used as originally installed after checking out and making repairs. Both cargo hatches, with minor exceptions, were left as they were. On the Number 1, or forward hatch, a booby hatch was installed to provide quick and easy access in and out of the hold. New canvas hatch cov- ers were purchased and new metal strongbacks provided. Freezer plates were installed in the Number 1 hold. It was initially decided that bulwarks along the well deck and around the stern of the ves- sel would be necessary to insure safer fishing and oceanographic operations. The new bul- warks were 42 inches high and were molded to the forecastle. They joined the existing bul- warks of the house area (fig. 1). Other hull auxiliary equipment such as the anchor windlass, anchor chains, ground tack- le, boat winch, capstan, etc., were retained as they were, after first checking them out and making minor repairs. Two access ladders leading from the port and starboard passageways to the boat deck were installed to provide easy access from the boat deck to the weather deck. A complete check-out of the fire-fighting equipment was made and equipment renewed as required. August 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 9 A new motor launch was provided as a lifeboat in place of the vessel's oar-propelled boat. It was necessary to obtain boat davits for the new lifeboat, since davits were not on the vessel when acquired. QUARTERS AND ACCOMMODATIONS: One of the first tasks in activating the vessel was to design and construct the captain's quarters on the bridge level aft of the wheelhouse, since quarters were not provided there in the original design of the vessel. It was believed neces- sary on a research vessel to have the captain readily available at all times. In order to con- struct the captain's quarters, the radio was dismantled and removed from the radio room, lo- cated aft of the wheelhouse on the port side, and a bunk, drawers, closet, desk, and sink were provided. This room opens directly into the wheelhouse and provides convenient and easily accessible quarters for the captain. Two of the 6 superstructure's staterooms were remod- eled by building new bunks and installing sinks. These were for the mate and the chief engi- neer. A new stateroom for the cook was constructed in the former crew's mess area aft of the galley. The remaining staterooms were assigned as biologists' quarters and as labora- tory space. Little was done to these other staterooms other than the necessary cleaning and painting. In addition to the staterooms located in the superstructure, there are crew's quar- ters located below deck aft of the engineroom and in the forecastle. Not wishing to utilize the forecastle for crew's quarters for the time being, this area was left as it was to be used for miscellaneous storage. The crew's quarters below deck were completely rebuilt. Two rooms, 1 with 4 bunks and 1 with 2 bunks, were constructed to provide quarters for 6 crew- men. MACHINERY INSTALLATIONS: From the general appearance of the engineroom and from information obtained in the pre-inactivation inspection report prepared by the U. S. Navy, it was anticipated that engineroom work would be confined mainly to cleaning the en- gines and other machinery. Much more work actually was necessary to activate the machin- ery in the engineroom, and a crew of 3 to 6 men spent the entire work period of about 44 months overhauling the machinery. Tools were purchased for the engineroom and for other uses, Since none were aboard the vessel upon acquisition. The two main engines were completely torn down for cleaning and inspection. Upon re- assembly, all seals, gaskets, and rings were renewed, and all bearings and clearances were checked. Liners were replaced where needed. Contracts were awarded for the overhaul of the blower assemblies of the 2 main engines and the 2 auxiliaries, and for the governors and injectors, as the engineering crew had neither the time nor facilities to do the work. The two auxiliary engines were disassembled for complete cleaning. The seals, rings, liners, and gaskets were renewed. It was also found necessary to replace all main bearings on the starboard auxiliary engine. The ship's two air compressors were completely over- hauled. The heat exchangers in the main engines and auxiliaries were cleaned and tested. All pumps were checked and packing and gaskets renewed. All manifolds and valves were re- packed, reground, and new gaskets installed. Blanks were removed and much of the piping was replaced. The salt-water return pipe from the port-engine cooling system was cracked and had to be replaced. The boiler system was cleaned and checked. It was necessary to replace the alarm switches for the main engines and auxiliaries. Many motors and other electrical parts were in poor condition and were either repaired or replaced. It was found necessary to replace flush valves in the sanitary system and to rebuild the sanitary pump. A new fresh-water pump was installed. A portable water tank located in the reefer compressor room was converted to a lube-oil storage tank. Piping and a pump were installed to bring the oil to the engineroom, Most of this work was accomplished from March 15 to July 9, 1962. During July 16-20, the auxiliaries and main engines were tested and declared in operating condition. 10 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM: The check-out and repair of the electrical system was proba- bly the most Serious problem encountered in reactivating the vessel. The long lay-up period may have caused the deterioration of the electrical system. A complete check-out of the electrical system by a professional firm was necessary. Breakdowns of various equipment and delays in reactivating the machinery continually developed until the electrical system could be completely checked out and restored to operating condition. For example, it was necessary to check out all motors on the vessel and to replace many brushes and bearings. Many motors, such as the cargo winch motors, were found to beimproperly tagged, and wiring had to be traced before it could be hooked up and the motors tested. It was also found that the fans to both the engineroom and reefer-compressor room were reversed, and had to be changed. In summary, the electrical system was found to be in generally poor condition and a great deal of time and labor was necessary to repair it. Electrical problems in the steering, boiler, and navigational systems developed during the first fishing cruise, and additional work was found necessary. NAVIGATIONAL INSTALLATIONS: Several navigational installations, both new and re- paired, were accomplished while activating the vessel. Some, such as the gyrocompass and steering engine, were not anticipated at the time of the initial vessel inspection. Subsequent inspection of the equipment indicated that new equipment would be necessary. Following are summary accounts of navigational installations made aboard the George B. Kelez: GYROCOMPASS: The vessel came equipped with a Mark XVIII Sperry gyrocompass. This instrument was not considered by the manufacturer's representatives to be a satisfac- tory model for our needs. It was replaced with a Sperry Mark XIV gyrocompass. Installa- tion was made by an electrical firm under supervision of the Sperry Company. STEERING ENGINE: The vessel was equipped with an electric steering engine for steer- ing control. Marine experts stated that this particular model engine had a history of unsatis- factory operations on similar vessels. It was therefore believed advisable to replace it. The replacement was a Sperry No. 1 steering engine system. Installation was accomplished by a shipyard under supervision of the Sperry Company. AUTOPILOT: The vessel, when acquired, was not equipped with an autopilot. Since this feature was considered essential, much study was given to the question of an adequate auto- pilot system for the vessel. Marine surveyors, the marine industry, and vessel owners were consulted regarding the best system that should be installed. In the interest of availability, time for acquisition, and cost, it was decided to get an autopilot working through the magnetic compass. A Sperry autopilot system with this feature was obtained and installed by an elec- trical firm under supervision of the Sperry Company. A remote-control unit was also in- stalled. COMMUNICATIONS AND ELECTRONICS INSTALLATIONS: The following sections sum- marize the communications and electronic installations that were accomplished in activating the George B. Kelez: RADAR: The vessel came equipped with an AN-STN-5 radar, also known as the com- mercial model CR-101-A manufactured by the Radiomarine Corporation of America. The radar consists of 4 units: transmitter-receiver, indicator, motor-generator, and antenna. This instrument was checked out and put into operating condition. LORAN: The loran on the vessel was an AN/SP-7, manufactured by Sperry Gyroscope Company. This instrument was checked out and put into operating condition. A second loran was also acquired (the same model), and installed as a spare Set. RADIO: At the time of acquisition, the vessel was equipped with a MacKay model MRU- 10-11-13 radio unit. This was primarily a CW set and required an operator with a first- class radio license. Since it was not planned to carry a first-class licensed radio operator aboard the vessel, and since it was planned to convert the radio room to captain's quarters, August 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW kal the MacKay radio was removed and a new MW-3 HST marine radiotelephone was installed in the chartroom. A 65-watt auxiliary radio set was also placed in the pilot house. RADIO DIRECTION FINDER: The existing Bludworth radio direction finder was replaced with a new Apelco radio direction-finder receiver. This was adapted for use with the exist- ing loop antenna and indicator unit. SONAR FACILITIES: The vessel came equipped with a model NJ-8 fathometer consist- ing of a receiver indicator and switching unit, and a receiver-recorder. These units were left intact and placed into operating condition during the reactivation period. ENGINE CONTROL: Originally, engine control was accomplished by port and starboard engine order-telegraph. This system was retained and put into operating condition. The existing electric engine controls in the vessel were replaced with a Westinghouse air-control system. Controls were installed in the wheelhouse and on the port and starboard openbridges. The installation of the air-control system was accomplished by the vessel's crew under the supervision of air-control specialists. REFRIGERATION: The vessel is equipped with two compressors of 25-ton capacity each, manufactured by Frick, for cargo refrigeration use. The plan for the vessel was to refriger- ate the No. 1, or forward hold, for freezing and holding fish samples from high-seas fishing operations. A great deal of difficulty was experienced with both compressors and with the electrical controllers while reactivating the refrigeration system. It developed that there was insufficient time to get both units operating, therefore, for the first cruise, only one com- pressor unit was operated. This unit kept the No. 1 hold at a temperature between 0° and -10° F. during the entire cruise. Plans are to ultimately install a new refrigeration system for the No. 1 hold. Two compressors of one-half ton capacity each, manufactured by York, were initially installed for ship's use--the chill room and freezer room. These two compressors were checked and put into operation. The refrigerator in the galley was checked out and put into operation. MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES: As final preparations before sailing, and following reactivation of the machinery, it was necessary to purchase miscellaneous equipment and supplies. A partial list of the items included sextants, a chronometer, polaris, bedding and mattresses, galley and ward-room supplies, mooring lines, a lifeboat cover, and sheave blocks. For ballast, about 60 tons of concrete blocks was obtained and placed in the No. 2 hold. RESEARCH EQUIPMENT INSTALLA- TIONS: Because time was an important ele- ment in reactivating the vessel, a minimum amount of research equipment was installed for the first fishing cruise. The research equipment consisted of two categories --fish- ing and oceanographic equipment. FISHING EQUIPMENT: Equipment for salmon gill-net fishing was installed for the initial cruise. This consisted of a hydrau- lically-powered gurdy, a net roller, net box, and net chute. The gurdy and roller were of the design previously used in shark fishing, and were easily adapted for salmon fishing eS os on this vessel (fig. 2). The motor and con- ee % troller for the hydraulic system were placed Fig. 2 - Gurdy and rail net roller as adapted on the George B. Kelez. 12 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 in the reefer compressor room, and the gurdy was located on deck between the two starboard cargo winches. Fig. 3 - Setting gill nets from George B. Kelez. (Left--nets passing along net chute on boat deck; right--nets dropping off sternend of net chute.) The net box was placed along the star- board bulwarks just aft of the gurdy. This offered a convenient arrangement for hauling and piling the nets and for laying out dam- aged nets on the No. 2 hatch cover for later repair. A net chute running the length of the boat deck to the stern was connected to the after end of the net box. By this arrange- ment, gillnets were set off the stern with a minimum of effort. Net setting and hauling operations are illustrated in figures 3 and 4, respectively. Fig. 4 - Hauling nets aboard George B. Kelez. OCEANOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT: For the first cruise, oceanographic equipment 5 : A 5 Fig. 5 - Winch and "A" frame arrangement used for oceanograph- installed consisted of a hydraulically-oper- ie sampling on the George B. Kale Ee ated ''A'' frame and hydrographic winch (fig. 5). The same motor and controller used as the prime mover for the gurdy supplies the power for the ''A'' frame and winch. August 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 13 COST OF REACTIVATION The cost for the reactivation and conversion of the George B. Kelez amounted to approxi- mately $100,000. That amount included the cost of drydocking and inspection in Oakland, the cost of towing the vessel from Oakland to Seattle, and the crew's salary up to the time the vessel was ready to depart. The cost was fairly close to the original estimate of about $85,000. The increase was due primarily to the necessity for replacement of the steering engine and gyrocompass and large expenses in refurbishing the electrical and refrigeration systems, all of which had not been anticipated. The unanticipated costs resulted from the poor condition of that equipment and involved unexpected labor and material costs. It is believed that the acquisition and activation of a research vessel of the size and cap- abilities of the George B. Kelez for $100,000 is well worth the money spent, bearing in mind that the vessel cost $1,440,000 to build in 1944, exclusive of refrigeration costs, and that simi- lar vessels cost considerably more today. PERFORMANCE A shake-down cruise prior to embarking on a research cruise in northern waters was originally planned, but time was not available if the fishing survey schedule was to be met. The vessel, therefore, departed Seattle for the fishing grounds the day it was ready. The route to the fishing area in the western part of the Gulf of Alaska was via Ketchikan and Kodi- ak, where stops were made to make necessary adjustments. The over-all performance of the vessel was up to expectations. Some mechanical trouble developed in the electrical and navigational systems and in the fresh-water pumping system during the cruise. These were not serious enough to hinder the research operations. During the first cruise, 23 fishing stations were occupied in the western Gulf of Alaska. The vessel performed very capably during the fishing operations. Setting and hauling the gear was easily handled with the large vessel. The large deck and hold areas providedample room for the repair and storage of gill nets. Damaged sections of gear were laid aside on the deck during net hauling for later repair. The vessel's cruising speed of about 11.5 knots per hour was an asset in reducing running time to and from ports and between fishing stations. On the whole, the vessel performed very satisfactorily during the initial cruise and is an asset to the Bureau's marine research program. Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior—America’s Department of Natural Resources—is concerned with the man- agement, conservation, and development of thé Nation's water. fish, wildlife, mineral, forest, and park and recreational re- sources. It also has major responsibilities for Indian and Territorial affairs. As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Depart- ment works to assure that nonrenewable resources are developed and used wisely, that park and recreational resources are con- served for the future, and that renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress, prosperity, and security of the United States—now and in the future. 14 Alaska SOVIET AND JAPANESE FISHERIES IN GULF OF ALASKA: About 180 fishing and related support vessels of the Soviets in May 1963 hadshifted their major efforts from the winter grounds in the Bering Sea into the Gulf of Alaska. Japanese fishing efforts increased markedly during May 1963, with about 180 vessels in the eastern Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean. The maximum Soviet fishing effort in the Gulf of Alaska occurred in early May when a fleet of about 150 vessels began operations in the waters southwest of Kodiak Island. That fleet composed of well over 100 con- ventional SRT-type trawlers, up to 12 stern- ramp factory trawlers, and accompanying processing and support vessels progressed northeasterly generally along the 100-fathom curve and was centered on the Portlock Bank area east of Kodiak. Observations indicated the Soviets were again trawling primarily for Pacific ocean perch as they did in 1962. Claims of the Japanese that the king crab stocks near the Port Moller area may have been depleted appear to be somewhat refuted by the more recent Soviet king crab fishery in that area. In 1962, the ultramodern15,000- gross -ton processing vessels Andrei Zakharov and Pavel Chebotnyagin operated for king crab in that area. This year the Zakharov (built in 1960) and the Chebotnyagin (com- pleted in 1962) were joined by their sister- ship Eugeny Nikishin (also completed in 1962). Those factoryships were eachserved by two SRT trawlers which set the tangle nets. The nets were later picked up by 1 of the 12 picker boats that are carried in davits on each factoryship. Soviet whaling efforts have also been in- creased in1963 by the addition of a second whale factoryship and presumably accompanying catcher vessels. The Alewt, a former United COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW =!1REN DS= = = AND E DEVELO PMENTS & Vol. 25, No. 8 States ship converted to whale processing, has operated in that area for several years. This year she was again present and was joined by the new 17,600-gross-ton Vladivostok. Both fleets began operating in the western Aleutians area but about May, the Vladivostok fleet moved into the area southwest of Kodiak Is- land. The Aleut fleet remained in the central to western Aleutian Islands region. The 1963 Japanese fisheries in the eastern Bering Sea generally followed the pattern of the past several years with a reduction in fleet strength from the 1962 levels. Of perhaps primary interest are the JaP- anese jong - -line fleets operating in the "'tri- angle'' area of the Bering Sea. The total strength of that fishery was reported to be 5 processing ''motherships'’ accompanied by 66 catcher vessels. Shrimp fisheries were being conducted by the Japanese in the general area north and west of the Pribilof Islands with 2 processing ships and 26 accompanying catcher boats. A Japanese tangle-net fishery for king crab was centered in the Port Moller region and included 2 processing motherships and about 20 catcher vessels. The fish-meal and oil operations were reduced to one mothership with 30 trawlers from the 4 mothership op- erations in 1962. Fish meal activities have been localized in the region northwest of Uni- mak Pass. As of May, there was no knowledge of Japanese whaling efforts. tk ok OK Ok OK 1963 BERING SEA HALIBUT CATCH: The catch of halibut in the eastern Bering Sea quota area had reached 9.2 million pounds, according to an announcement by the Inter- national Pacific Halibut Commission on May 29, 1963. This included a United States catch of 3.2 million pounds, a Canadian catch of 4.6 million pounds, and a Japanese catch of 1.4 million pounds. In 1963, the recommended August 1963 quota for the area is 11.0 million pounds. United States and Canadian fishing activity in the area was virtually over by the end of May due to the opening of the season south of the Aleutian Chain. Japan was expected to take the greater part of the remaining 1.8 million pounds of the Bering Sea quota. eo Mane ho, ote YAKUTAT AREA GOOD PRODUCER OF DUNGENESS CRAB: Three vessels delivering Dungeness crabs to a canning company at Yakutat were doing quite well as of the end of May. The Tana, largest of the vessels, unloaded nearly 13,000 pounds of crabs after a two-day trip. The vessel was fishing with the legal limit of 300 pots. The fishermen were guaranteed not less than 9 cents a pound for the live crabs at the cannery. KOK KK Ok KODIAK AREA KING CRAB LANDINGS LIGHT: There was very little commercial fishing for king crab during May, although tags from marked king crabs continued to arrive at the Auke Bay Biological Laboratory. They were mostly from the Kodiak area and included crabs that were caught during March. KOK KOK OK CONTINUED INTEREST IN TANNER CRAB PROCESSING: There is continued interest in the devel- opment of a tanner crab fishery in Alaska. Several firms have requested information on the fishery and have processed limited quan- tities of the species during the past winter. One firm plans to pack at least 2,000 pounds of tanner crabs for market acceptance tests this coming season. ok Ok KOK YAKUTAT CANNERY HAS DIVERSIFIED OPERATIONS: A fish-canning plant at Yakutat has been seeking ways to diversify its production. Although the firm traditionally subsisted on salmon production, the decline in availability of fish prompted their interest in other re- sources. Production of cooked Dungeness crabs was successful during the 1962 season and was being continued in May 1963. Exper- imental pot fishing for spot shrimp and king COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 15 crab was alsobeing conducted. Active interest was also being shown in shrimp trawling and scallop potentials of the area. OK KK Ok RESTAURANTS AND MARKETS REQUIRED TO REPORT FRESH FISH PURCHASES: Restaurants, meat markets, grocery stores, and similar establishments in Alaska which buy fish or shellfish directly from commer- cial fishermen for resale to the general public are subject to a new regulation which requires in part that primary buyers of fish or shell- fish issue a fish ticket to the commercial fish- ermen for each purchase made. Protection Officers of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game have been contacting markets and restaurants to explain the procedure, and supply fish ticket books. ROOK OK OK OK AUKE BAY FEDERAL FISHERIES BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY COOPERATES WITH STATE ON RESEARCH: A U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries biological laboratory at Auke Bay, Alaska, built in 1960 at a cost of $600,000 by the U.S. Department of the Interior and with an annual budget of about $1.2 million, is the center ofa far-flung fisheries research program in A- laska. Much of the research is done in co- operation with the State of Alaska. Alaska's fish and shellfish catch in 1962 was worth $48 million at dockside and $126 million at the processor level. Auke Bay Biological Laboratory. Studies by the Laboratory range from re- search on the possible effects of the proposed Rampart Dam on the world's longest salmon 16 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW run on the Yukon River to life history studies of Alaska's popular cocktail shrimp. The Yukon River salmon run (2,000 miles long) is important as a source of food and income for natives who live on or near the river. The Laboratory has a staff of 35 scientists and 15 clerks and technical aides. Seasonal workers, most of them student biologists, help with field examinations. Recently, as many as 100 such workers were employed on one project in one season. The Laboratory site was chosen because of its ideal location. It is between fresh- water Auke Lake and salt-water Auke Bay, making possible a great variety of studies on the effect of salinity changes on salmon dur- ing various stages of the life cycle. It is adjacent to Juneau and accessible by sea and air. The Laboratory is being equipped to test field situations under controlled con- ditions. Basic research is conducted onher- ring, king crab, shrimp, the five species of salmon (red, chum, coho, pink, and king), and on the food and predatory species asso- ciated with them. Physical environmental studies on lakes, streams, and the ocean it- self are part of the program. Scientific studies include the long-estab- lished fisheries biological programs at Little Port Walter and at Karluk and Brooks Lakes, and at the newer projects at Kasitsna Bay, Olsen Bay, Traitors Cove, Naknek River, Hollis, Old Tom's Creek, Yukon River, Wood River, and Kvichak. The studies at Hollis, Wood River, and Kvichak are under contract to the Fisheries Research Institute of the University of Washington. The Little Port Walter research station includes 2,500 acres of watershed being held in natural state so environmental changes made by nature, not man, can be studied and their effect upon the survival and reproduction of salmon studied. The largest single program is the Bristol Bay red salmon research, withheadquarters at the town of King Salmon. Some 100 seasonal workers have been engaged instudies designed tounderstand red salmon problems and predict the runs. At Karluk Lake, on Kodiak Island, other red salmon studies are being pursued. Red salmon generally spend two years in in- land lakes before making their pilgrimage to sea and Karluk Lake offers an excellent op- portunity to study the environmental effect on the growth and survival of young fish. Vol. 25, No. 8 The biology of shrimp and king crab is studied at Kasitsna Bay, across from Homer on Cook Inlet. Olsen Bay, 40 miles from Cor- dova, is the site of research on salmon which have shown a preference to spawn in the in- tertidal sections of streams rather than run up towards headwaters as is customary; at Traitors Cove is the principal chum salmon research station where the effects of temper- ature, predation, competition for food, flood- ing, and other environmental factors on sur- vival and growth of salmonin freshwater are investigated. At Old Tom's Creek, near Ketchikan, the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries andthe Forest Service are jointly studying the effects of pesticides upon fish life. At Hollis, near Ketchikan, the Fisheries Research Institute is investigating the effects of logging upon a salmon fishery. The Auke Bay Laboratory is a two-story structure with facilities for red salmon stud- ies, ocean studies, biometrics, and river salmon research. It is equipped with an a- quarium laboratory, a library, a museum, and conference rooms. There are also dock and warehouse facilities. In addition to the Auke Bay Laboratory and its field stations, the U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries has regional offices at Juneau and a technological laboratory at Ketchikan. Alaska Exploratory Fishery Program DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF SEA SCALLOPS IN GULF OF ALASKA STUDIED: M/V "John R. Manning” Cruise 63-1(May 20-June 14, 1963): Large scallops (Patino- ~ pecten caurinus) were caught in the waters of the Gulf of Alaska during an exploratory fishing cruise conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries vessel John R. Eastern-style scallop dredges were em- ployed at 82 locations between Cape Saint Elias and Lituya Bay in the waters of the Gulf of Alaska and Yakutat Bay. Catches of up to 7 bushels of scallops per 30-minute drag were made using an 8-foot dredge, iden- tical with the type used in the scallop fishery August 1963 —=- - 50 fathoms. == - Area of explorations, Fig. 1 -M/V John R. Manning Cruise 63-1 (May 20-June 14, 1963). of the Northwest Atlantic. Depths between 20 and 90 fathoms were sampled to gather preliminary information on the distribution and abundance of the scallop in the Gulf of Alaska. Scallops were taken at the following loca- tions: off Cape Fairweather at depths from 34-42 fathoms, off Icy Bay in 39-44 fathoms, and east of Cape Saint Elias where catches were taken between 54 and 56 fathoms. se = ae . y) S Fig. 2 -Eight-foot scallop dredge used aboard John R, Manning dur- ing Cruise 63-1. The inside diameter of the rings is three inches. East of Yakutat Bay, the size of scallops measured ranged from 23 to 64 inches. Of those, 73 percent were between 3 and 4 inches (measured from the hinge to the outer margin COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 17 of the shell). West of Yakutat Bay, the size range was from 3 to 7 inches with 82 percent of the scallops falling between 5 and 63 inches. The edible (muscle) portion of the scallops varied from 15 to 60 count per pint measure. The yield of meats varied from 2 to 5 pints for each bushel of whole live scallops. The meats of the large size scallops were slightly yellow in color. About 650 pounds of shrimp were caught in a single 60-minute drag with a small shrimp trawl off Knight Island in Yakutat Bay. About 90 percent of the shrimp catch was the side- stripe variety (Pandalopsis dispar); the re- mainder consisted of coon stripe (Pandalus hypsinothus), spot (Pandalus platyceros), and pink shrimp (Pandalus borealis). Alaska Fisheries Investigations EVIDENCE OF SEPARATE PINK SALMON INTERTIDAL RACES: Length measurements from 1,075 pink salmon measured in 1962 revealed that spawn- ers in the intertidal tributaries of Olsen Creek again were significantly smaller than main- stream spawners. The consistent segregation of small fish to certain portions of Olsen Creek intertidal spawning grounds indicates the possibility of separate genetic stocks, and plans are under way to verify whether sepa- rate races do occur in such close proximity. SKIES in ea nS PINK EGGS WARMED BY INTERTIDAL ACTION: The photographic record was read of in- tragravel water temperatures in the Olsen Creek intertidal area October 20, 1962, to March 12, 1963. Mechanical operation of the "Braincon" instrument clockwork and film advance mechanism was flawless for the five- month period. Temperature fluctuations as- sociated with tides and weather changes cor- responded closely with actual time of those occurrences as calibrated from tide prediction tables. Horizontal reference lines, repre- senting degrees of temperature did not appear on the film as advertised, but the film was read by use of a scale established by calibra- tion. According to the film record, salmon eggs last winter at the 10.5-foot tide level were subject to 234 day-degrees centigrade, of which 27 day-degrees centigrade were a 18 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW result of warming action by tides. As far as is known, this is the first time significant data of that type have been obtained, and it is a start on determining what environmental conditions are conducive to maximum sur- vival of intertidal pink salmon. ok kK OK BRISTOL BAY FRY AND SMOLT MIGRATIONS FAVORABLE: By late May1963, the smolt index on the Ugashik River reached 200,000, indicating a sizable smolt migration. The Hidden Creek fry outmigration was near the 300,000 mark, indicating a survival from potential egg dep- osition of over 10 percent. A generally mod- erate winter with good water flow likely con- tributed a great deal to this relatively high survival. ok OK OK OK OK AUKE BAY PLANKTON INCREASES: Day and night samples taken in Auke Bay during late May, showed considerable seasonal increase in zooplankton. Again, this coincides with the outmigration of pink fry from Auke Creek. Day samples average around 5,000 organisms, with some samples going as high as 14,000 per haul. The prin- cipal organism is barnacle larvae (Balanus sp.). Larval crabs, shrimp, and fish have increased in numbers. Some fish eggs have been tentatively identified as those of the walleye pollock. Some night samples have contained 40 to 60 thousand organisms, prin- cipally euphausids. American Fisheries Advisory Committee PROTECTION OF ESTUARIES RECOMMENDED: Protection of estuaries essential as spawning grounds and nursery areas for valuable fisheries and recognition of the joint interest of sport and commercial fish- ermen in pesticides and pesticide research were stressed by the American Fisheries Advisory Committee at its June 1963 meeting in Washington, D.C. In discussing estuaries, committee mem- bers pointed out that many important fish- eries depend upon inshore brackish water environment. Gray sea trout (weakfish), Vol. 25, No. 8 drum, tarpon, menhaden, shrimp, and oysters seek this brackish water during a portion of their lives. To destroy this environment by fills or to change it by dikes or to modify the chemical composition by altering the enriched, mineral-laden fresh water or the oceanwater or to ruin it with pollution and pesticides e- liminates an essential link in the life chain. The Committee also recommended that there be continued improvement in the quality of fishery products offered to the consumer, that there be an increase in the research and exploratory efforts on bluefin tuna and sword- fish in the Atlantic Ocean, and that the com- mercial fishing values of large reservoirs be studied. The American Fisheries Advisory Com- mittee, a group of 20 fisheries experts se- lected by the Secretary of the Interior, was established under the Saltonstall-Kennedy Act of 1954. This law provides for research and educational programs which will improve the economic status of the domestic fishing industry and make valuable protein from the sea more readily available to the consumer. The law is administered by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. In speaking to the group, Senator Leverett Saltonstall (Mass.), co-author of the Salton- stall-Kennedy Act, urged studies of the effect of water pollution upon marine life, develop- ment of underutilized resources as a possible solution to hunger throughout the world, and modernization of fishing fleets and shore facilities. Chairman Benjamin Smith, of the United States delegation to the International Conven- tion for the High Seas Fisheries of the North Pacific Ocean, stressed the international aspects of commercial fisheries. The next meeting of the Committee will be held in Honolulu, Hawaii, January 22-24, 1964. American Samoa COMPLETION DATE FOR SECOND TUNA CANNERY DELAYED: Construction of the second United States tuna cannery at American Samoa is reported to be behind schedule slightly, according to Japanese press reports. The cannery, orig- August 1963 inally scheduled to be in operation in early August 1963, was not expected to begin oper- ating until after the middle of the month. However, the cold-storage plant was expected to be completed in early July as scheduled. (Suisan Tsushin, June 10, 1963.) California PELAGIC FISH POPULATION SURVEY CONTINUED: Airplane Spotting Flight 63-5-Pelagic Fish (May 13-15, 1963): To determine the in- shore distribution and abundance of pelagic fish schools, the inshore area from the U- nited States-Mexican Border to Fort Bragg, Calif., was surveyed by the California De- partment of Fish and Game's Cessna ''182" 9042T. Eureka =, Fort Bragg Pt. Arena San Francisco N Monterey Legend: A - Anchovy schools, 834A) @ - Anchovy school group. “ex, - Red tide. W - Grey whales. Pelagic fish survey flight 63-5. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 19 Weather and visibility conditions were generally good and the entire survey area was covered. The flight was successful in that schools of anchovies were observed along the Monterey County coast from Pt. Sur to Piedras Blancas. Fish schools seldom are sighted in this area. The school groups along the southern California coast were extensive. The group at Santa Barbara extended almost continu- ously from Gaviota to Rincon Point. One school in Santa Monica Bay extended from Santa Monica pier to Playa del Rey, a distance of 4 miles. Some red water was seen in Santa Monica Bay but it was not nearly as heavy as in past months. The anchovies were schooled be- tween the red tide and the surf. Red tide also was observed in Los Angeles-Long Beach Harbor, off Laguna Beach, and was quite ex- tensive around Oceanside and Mission Beach. Two grey whales were seen near Point Fermin. This was quite late in the year for those mammals to be passing along the Cali- fornia coast. 7K OK OK OK BLUE ROCKFISH TAGGED AND BIOLOGICAL DATA COLLECTED OFF MID-COASTAL AREA: M/V "N.B. Scofield" Cruise 63-S-3 (April 10-May 9, 1963): The objectives of this cruise by the California Department of Fish and Game research vessel N. B. Scofield were: (1) tagging blue rockfish (Sebastodes mystinus) for studies of migration; (2) taking blue rock- fish stomachs for food analyses; (3) collecting live fish for holding in aquaria for serological studies; (4) taking blood samples for studies of subpopulations; (5) making underwater ob- servations and censuses of fish on reefs; and (6) collecting specimens for Steinhart Aquar- ium and for taxonomic studies. Nineteen days were spent fishing in the California coastal area between the Farallon and San Miquel Islands, but 11 other days were lost due to bad weather or in traveling between fishing areas. Blue rockfish fishing was poor, particu- larly from Avila to the Farallon Islands. Only 616 fish were caught; 359 of those were tagged and released at sea. A total of 91 blue 20 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Farallon Islands Orakes ° San Francisco 9! Bay 160 {Ana Nuevo Island Davenport Santa Cruz onterey armel Bay 3\ Point Sur Legend: San Simeon 173 - Number of blue rockfish tagged and released. * - Diving locations. San Miguel ls. Be &S) (2) Santa Cruz Is. Santa Rosa Fishing area of M/V N.B. Scofield during Cruise 63-S-3. rockfish were tagged and delivered alive to three different aquaria for seriological stud- ies. Deflation of the swim bladder was re- quired on 107 of the tagged fish, and 9 of those also required stomach replacement. All blue rockfish tagged were first anesthe- tized in a solution of one part MS-222 to 15,000 parts of sea water. Blood samples were obtained from 48 fish, and stomach samples were collected from 96. SCUBA dives were made on reefs at Adams Cove, San Miguel Island; Lion Rock off Avila; Monterey Breakwater; and off Dav- enport. Estimates of the total numbers of fish by species were made on all reefs ex- cept at the Monterey Breakwater. Observa- tions were made of blue rockfish habitat and behavior. When salps (Salpa sp.), jellyfish, and other plankton were abundant it was very difficult to catch blue rockfish by hook and line. Shrimp traps were fished at Cuyler Cove, San Miguel Island, one night and at the Mon- terey Breakwater for three days and nights Weollh 25), IN@s (- in an attempt to capture juveniles. Two 4-8 inch juvenile rockfish were caught at the Mon- terey Breakwater. Several species of juvenile fishes were collected under a nightlight at Ano Nuevo Is- land, Farallon Islands, Drakes Bay, Monterey Bay, and Pfeiffer Point. These fish were re- tained for taxonomic studies. Ninety-nine live fish were saved for the Steinhart Aquar- 1um. Most of the live fish had their swim bladders so distended that deflation was necessary. Those not requiring deflation were the swell shark, starry flounder, Pacific sanddab, rock sole, kelp greenling, brown Irish lord, cabezon, lingcod, and sharpnose seaperch. Deflation and replacement of protruding eyes of several quillbacks, rosy, China, canary, and vermilion rockfish was successful in most instances. Observations were to be made on the sur- vivors at Steinhart Aquarium to determine long-term effects on the eyes. sk ok ook ook ook FISH DISEASE REAPPEARS AT CRYSTAL LAKE HATCHERY: A recurrence of the fish disease, Cera- tomyxa, at the California Crystal Lake Hatch- ery near Burney, in Shasta County, has re- sulted in the suspension of all fish plants from that hatchery, the California Department of Fish and Game announced in mid-June 1963. Insofar as possible, waters ordinarily stocked from Crystal Lake Hatchery will be planted with fish from other hatcheries. Past experience indicates that the disease is limited to Crystal Lake Hatchery. The California Department of Fish and Game emphasized that there was little danger of it spreading to other hatcheries or other waters. Ceratomyxa is a protozoan parasite that en- ters fish and destroys vital tissues, causing death. The disease does not affect humans. A study started in 1962, when the disease reappeared after 13 years, was being contin- ued in an effort to learn how fish become in- fected, the source of the disease, and how to control it. The first outbreak at Crystal Lake Hatchery came in 1948 and the disease re- appeared in 1949. At that time, it was thought that the disease was centralized in the Crystal Lake water supply. When the hatchery's water supply was changed to Rock Creek in August 1963 1950, the disease disappeared until 1962. About 400,000 fish were being raised at the hatchery. A small population of 17,000 trout on a separate water supply did not have the disease and were to be planted in local waters. (California Department of Fish and Game, June 15, 1963.) KKK KX INVESTIGATION OF POSSIBLE FISH LOSSES FROM DDT-TREATED IRRIGATION WATER: A study aimed at controlling conditions which led to fish kills during the spring of 1963 in sloughs north of Sacramento, Calif., was being made by the California Department of Fish and Game in cooperation with State agricultural agencies. It is thought that the fish losses were caused by the discharge of rice irrigation water which had been treated with DDT. The controlled study was being conducted on three rice fields near Sacramento to de- termine how long DDT -treated irrigation water must be held on fields before the DDT level drops to a point where water discharges will not be harmful to wildlife. By holding DDT-treated water on the fields, it was hoped that a significant amount of DDT would be settled out of the water. The University of California Agricultural Extension Service has already recommended to pesticide dealers, salesmen, and applica- tors that water in rice fields be held for 5 days after treatment with DDT. It was hoped that the new study would provide the basis for agricultural rules in line with the Exten- sion Service's recommendation. (California Department of Fish and Game, June 15,1963.) Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations OCEANIC EDDIES SOUTHWEST OF OAHU SURVEYED: M/V "Charles H. Gilbert” Cruise 64 (April 9-28, 1963): Great whirlpools in the Pacific Ocean southwest of Oahu, Hawaii, 20 to 50 miles across and revolving at a rate of one turn in 10 days or so, were studied in detail by oceanographers of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries on a cruise of the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 21 research vessel Charles H. Gilbert. These ocean eddies are like the swirls seen below rocks in a stream, the rocks in this case be- ing the Hawaiian Islands and the stream the North Pacific Equatorial Current. The scientific field party began to search down-current from Oahu for signs of the eddies which should theoretically be there. On April 10, in an area about 80 miles southwest of Honolulu, measurements of deep-water tem- peratures indicated that cold-water layers were bulging up toward the surface as they might be expected to do in the middle of an eddy. Nine drogues were strategically placed across the area, each consisting of an avia- tor's parachute suspended by a fine nylon line from a float bearing a flagpole, light, and radar reflector. The line on one drogue was made 2,000 feet long, to "anchor" it in the more slowly moving deep water, while the other parachutes were only 60 feet below the surface. For three days the vessel observed the drogues, plotting their positions as they traced the counterclockwise revolution of the great gyral and its slow total drift to the westward. Fortunately the weather was fine and the area is one where Loran navigation is accurate within one-quarter of a mile. The result is an unprecedentedly fine set of measurements of an eddy in the open sea. The drogues near the outer edge of the gyral whizzed along at about 40 miles a day, while the speed of those nearer the center was only about 10 miles a day. The whole system was moving west at 5 to 8 miles a day. Revisiting the same area 10 days later, the scientists found that the eddy had been re- placed by, or possibly had broken up into, 4 or 5 smaller eddies, forming a pattern of movement too complex to study effectively with drogues. The observations made on this two-part cruise prove that downstream eddies do exist near oceanic islands and give an accurate idea of the speed at which they may revolve and move. Future experiments of the same type will be aimed at discovering more about the life span of such eddies and the changes of form and speed that they undergo as they de- velop and then die out. The attainment of a better knowledge of the behavior of eddies around the Hawaiian Islands will be of immediate value in inter- 22 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW preting returns of drift bottles and cards, which the expeditions of the Bureau's Lab- oratory at Honolulu have been releasing on a large scale over the past two years. Inthe longer run, the marine scientists hope to be able to study eddies long and intensively enough to discover how they may affect the fisheries, as for example by enriching and concentrating the animal life of the ocean surface. Fish Behavior NEW LABORATORY AT UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI TO CONDUCT STUDIES: The new "fish behavior” building (official- ly designated Marine Life Controlled Envi- ronment Building) now under construction at the Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami, Fla., is a "first'' in marine science and is designed specifically for the study of the behavior of marine animals under a va- riety of conditions. From its laboratories may come answers to many questions that have perplexed anglers and scientists: How and why do fish migrate? How do they nav- igate? What controls their feeding habits ? Why do they prefer different kinds of baits at different times? What attracts and repels sharks? How do whales and porpoises com- municate ? The Controlled Environment Building will contain 14,000 square feet of research area and will be equipped with the latest scientific apparatus for studying the behavior of all kinds of living marine organisms from tiny planktonic animals to whales. Special pressurized tubular tanks 40 feet long will enable researchers to study fishes under simulated conditions of great depth. Water in these tanks will be regulated for temperature, salinity, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and acid-base relationship. Rooftop settling tanks will provide up to 600 gallons of water a minute. The building's design permits live specimens to be transferred from the sea to tanks with maximum safety and a min- imum of disturbance. A special elevator will carry them to upper floors. (News of the Institute of Marine Science, June 20, 1963.) Vol. 25, No. 8 Fisheries Laboratory CONTRACT AWARDED FOR NEW LABORATORY AT SEATTLE, WASH.: ~ A $1,851,000 contract for a new Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Laboratory, library, and conference center in Seattle, Wash., has been awarded by the U.S. Department of the Interior. The new buildings will be of reinforced concrete and masonry and will be adjacent to the existing fisheries laboratory at 2725 Mont- lake Boulevard, on the shore of Lake Union. The new structures will relieve overcrowding of the present laboratory which was built in 1931 and which has been the center for biolog- ical and technological research, and the base for an extensive exploratory fishing program conducted in the waters off the northwestern States. The new laboratory building will be 4 sto- ries high and will contain 65,000 square feet of floor space. The library-conference struc - ture will have 3 stories and will provide 17,000 square feet of space. The buildings are to be completed within a year and a half after the work starts. Research on developing new uses for fish oil and fish-oil derivatives will be one of the projects to be conducted in the technological section of the new laboratory. A water tem- perature control system will permit biolo- gists to make long-needed studies of the effect of temperature upon the survival of fish eggs, fry, and fingerlings. Better opportunity also will be provided for determining the value of trace elements in the environment, for anti- biotic research, and for ecological studies. Fish Oils GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AIDS IN IDENTIFYING FATTY ACIDS: Research on fish oil fatty acids is aided by gas-liquid chromatography at the Seattle Technological Laboratory of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. This research tool provides information on the constituent fatty acids. Gas-liquid chromatography anal- yses of oils from 17 species of edible fish have been completed. The analyses of six additional oils will complete the present study. August 1963 Results of those analyses of extracted oils showed marked similarity of the fatty acid distributions between salt- and fresh-water fish and shellfish. A few major differences in amounts of specific fatty acids were noted, for example in Pacific herring, chinook, salmon, and sea scallops. Fish Protein Concentrate CONTRACTS AWARDED FOR EXPANDED RESEARCH PROGRAM: Contract awards from funds made avail- able to the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries for research on fish protein concen- trate (FPC) are as follows: Texas A & M College, two contracts totaling $39,832, one on research studies dealing with an enzymatic process to remove the viscera of the fish, and the other dealing with production processing procedures. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a contract of $23,830, to study flavor reversion factors in FPC. Battelle Memorial Institute, a contract of $147,000, to set up a solvent extraction process. Artisan Industries, Inc., a contract of $101,000 to set up a bio-diges- tion process for fish protein concentrate. Great Lakes Fisheries Exploration and Gear Research TRAWLING INVESTIGATIONS IN NORTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN: M/V “Cisco” Cruise 12 (July 2-16, 1963): To determine the availability of various species of fish to standard otter trawl fish- ing gear and define trawlable areas inGreen Bay and other areas in northern Lake Mich- igan were to be primary objectives of this cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research vessel Cisco. The lake- wide transect from Ludington, Mich., to Manitowoc, Wis., were to extend knowledge regarding the seasonal bathymetric distrib- tion, relative abundance, and availability to trawls of various species. High resolution echo-sounding equipment was to be used to survey bottom conditions and record both bottom and off-bottom fish COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 23 concentrations. Bathythermograph recordings and bottom samples were to be taken at each fishing station. A 52-foot (headrope) Gulf of Mexico-type otter trawl was to be used at standard stations to assess the commercial trawling potential. It was decided to use the biological re- search vessel Cisco for these exploratory fishing operations and cooperative biological studies in the designated areas. The Bureau's exploratory fishing vessel Kaho (cruise 11- May 22-June 20) was used for environmental studies in Lake Erie. ek OK Ok Ok TRAWL FISHING INVESTIGATION OF LAKE ERIE CONTINUED: M/V "Kaho" Cruise 11 (May 22-June 20, 1963): Primary objectives of this Lake Erie cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel Kaho were to obtain additional seasonal informa - ONTARIO CANADA Staeite Miles 1 1 1 ni M/V Kaho Cruise 11, May 22-June 20, 1963. 24 tion concerning the depth and geographic dis - tribution of various fish species and to de- termine their commercial availability to bottom trawls. able 1 - Fishing Assessment Summary, M/V Kaho, Cruise No. 11, Lake Erie Trawl Explorations, May 22 to June 20, 1963. (Thirty -minute drags.) WES N No. Catch Composition of |(Pounds PerDrag Percentage Drags Species of Catch Yellow perch (over 8") Yellow perch (4" to 8"') Yellow perch (under 4") Sheepshead Other species Yellow perch (over 8") Yellow perch (4"' to 8") Yellow perch (under 4") Sheepshead 25 Other species 1/Includes one10-minute drag that tore up while catching 224 pounds of fish. 2 /Includes one 25-minute drag (hauled up to avoid bad bottom) and two 30-minute drags that tore up while catching 260, 200, and 226 pounds of fish, respectively. B/Includes one catch containing 500 pounds of fresh-water clams. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 A total of 87 routine assessment-type drags was made--27, 37, and 23 in the western, cen- tral, and eastern basins, respectively--with standard 52-foot (headrope) Gulf of Mexico- type semiballoon fish trawls. An additional series of 26 drags was made off Avon Point for studies on cod end mesh-size-selectivity for yellow perch and time-of-day effectiveness of otter-trawl fishing. All drags were for 30 minutes except for six which were lifted early due to unexpected appearances of bottom ob- stacles or gill nets, and when the net was ob- viously fouled. Four trawl nets were severely damaged and one net entirely lost during the explorations. This cruise furnished additional evidence that otter trawls are capable of producing commercial quantities of species other than smelt in Lake Erie. Trawl catches of sheeps- head, carp, channel catfish, and yellow perch were as good or better than any that have been made since trawling was introduced to Lake Erie. Sheepshead were taken in quantity in the western basin along with carp, channel cat- fish, and yellow perch (table 1). Bestcatches Table 2 - Fishing Assessment Summary, M/V Kaho, Cruise No. 11, Lake Erie Trawl Explorations, May 22 to June 20, 1963. (Thirty -minute drags.) EASTERN BASIN Depth No. Catch Rate Catch Composition Area Range of Pounds Per Drag Percentage (Feet) Drags Range Species of Catch 54 al Yellow perch +/ 36 to 3 to 28 Smelt 60 74 83 Other species 4 75 90 Yellow perch 9 to 2/4 to 237 Smelt 3) 21 Erie, Pennsylvania 99 553 Other species 2 0 100 Yellow perch 40 to 1 50 50 Smelt 60 124 Other species 0 125 Yellow perch 50 to 1 100 100 Smelt 50 132 (hese Other species (0) = = — 57-74 1 90 90 Smelt 100 75-99 1 150 150 Smelt 100 OO 180 Pennsylvania-New York it) 2 to) 215 Smelt 100 Boundary 124 250 125-149 1 25 25 Smelt 100 150-174 ReRET at 175-192 1 20 20 Smelt 100 ——S+—— 51 | 34 Yellow perch : to 5 to 244 Smelt DTS 74 385 Other species Sturgeon Point, New York 75 35 Yellow perch 0) to 3 to Smelt 99 95) 92 Other species 1 1/Yellow perch taken in the eastern basin were virtually all in the under 4-in size category. 2/Includes one 15-minute drag (hauled up to avoid set nets) which still caught 203 pounds of fish. 3/0 = less than 0.5 percent, August 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 25 Table 3 - Fishing Assessment Summary, M/V Kaho, Cmise No. 11, Lake Erie Trawl Explorations, May 22 to June 20, 1963. (Thirty -minute drags.) CENTRAL BASIN Catch Rate Catch Composition Percentage of Catch Yellow perch (4" to 8") 18 Smelt to 1 72 72 Sheepshead 68 24 Other species 14 Yellow perch (over 8") Sandusky 25 52 Yellow perch (4" to 8") to to 1/7 to Yellow perch (under 4") Cleveland, Ohio 49 600 Smelt Other species Yellow perch (over 8") 50 88 Yellow perch (4" to 8") to 8 to Yellow perch (under 4") 69 552 Smelt Other species Yellow perch (over 8") 42 Yellow perch (4" to 8") to 2/4 35 Yellow perch (under 4") 49 Smelt Cleveland 50 35 Yellow perch (4" to 8") to to 9 to Yellow perch (under 4") Fairport, Ohio 74 680 Smelt Other species Yellow perch (over 8") Yellow perch (4" to 8") 75 1 35) 35 Yellow perch (under 4") Smelt Other species : Yellow perch (over 8") 36 Yellow perch (4" to 8") to 1 242 242 Yellow perch (under 4") 49 Smelt Other species Yellow perch (over 8") Ashtabula, Ohio 50 21 Yellow perch (4" to 8") to to 6 to 264 Yellow perch (under 4") alnut Creek, Pennsylvania 74 580 Smelt Other species Yellow perch (over 8") 75 Yellow perch (4" to 8") to i 180 180 Yellow perch (under 4") 78 Smelt Other species 1/One other drag encountered snag; net was lost. 2/One other drag encountered snag; gear was severely damaged. 3/0 = less than 0.5 percent. were taken in each of the central basin sub- areas and at various depths between 36 and (iG, feet. of those species were: sheepshead--200, 550, and 950 pounds; carp--440 and 510 pounds; channel catfish--100 and 200 pounds; and yellow perch--180, 190, 190, 315, and 500 pounds. Several good catches of yellow perchwere taken in the central basin (up to 540 pounds per drag). Two drags off Avon Point and one off Fairport, Ohio, at 9 and 11 fathoms, yielded 430, 280, and 160 pounds of yellow perch measuring over 8 inches long. Thir- teen drags in the central basin yieldedfrom 100 to 470 pounds of smelt and averaged 198 pounds per drag. Several good smelt catches Smelt was the only species taken in com- mercial quantities in the eastern basin. Off Erie, Pa., the best catch of 550 pounds was taken at 15.5 fathoms. On the New York- Pennsylvania border, 250 pounds were taken at 18 fathoms. In the Dunkirk-Sturgeon Point area, 250, 350, and 375 pounds were caught at 8.5 to 11 fathoms. The final few days of the cruise were de- voted to yellow perch cod end mesh-size- 26 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW selectivity tests and time-of-day otter trawl effectiveness experiments off Avon Point, Ohio. Mesh-size-selectivity tests were con- ducted with a ''trouser leg" cod end--a means of fishing two cod ends of different mesh size simultaneously on one net. The mesh- size-selectivity information is being tabu- lated, analyzed, and incorporated with data from similar work carried out in 1962 and will be available for distribution at a later date. The time-of-day otter trawling effective - ness for yellow perch was not significantly different between daytime and nighttime drags. However, smelt catches varied from virtually none during hours of darkness to good catches in the daytime. Surface temperatures ranged from 52° to 69° F. and thermal stratification occurred from the deeper waters of the eastern basin as far west as Avon Point in the central basin. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1963 p. 37. PS OR Great Lakes Fishery Investigations LIMNOLOGICAL STUDIES EXPANDED: The Ann Arbor Biological Laboratory of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries has been conducting fishery and limnological studies of the Great Lakes since 1927. Lim- nological investigations were expanded some- what in 1951 from the extremely limited op- erations of earlier years, and a separate limnological unit was established in 1957. Recent work has included: general surveys, long-term studies, and unit studies. Until recently, the large size of the Great Lakes and a lack of suitable vessels and equipment handicapped the exploration of many aspects of their limnology. Various ideas and equipment have been borrowed from marine scientists. Bathythermographs, reversing thermometers, Nansen bottles, Clarke-Bumpus plankton samplers, sonic fathometers, and coring devices are now as commonplace on Great Lakes research ves - sels as on oceanographic vessels. The meth- ods used by oceanographers are not entirely applicable, however, and must be modified for conditions peculiar to large lakes. The Lakes thus offer a meeting ground between limnology and oceanography. Vol. 25, No. 8 Following is a summary of the Great Lakes limnological studies conducted in 1962 by the Bureau: The sampling efficiencies of the Petersen, orange-peel, and the Smith-McIntyre dredges in relation to water depth and bottom type were compared. A study initiated in 1961 todetermine the changes in the species composition, distribu- tion, and abundance of benthic organisms in western Lake Erie was brought near com- pletion. The last survey of this nature was made in 1930. Formerly abundant and widely distributed mayfly nymphs are now found in only very small numbers, while populations of tubificid worms and midge larvae have in- creased in all areas. A total of 500 drift bottles was released in Lake Superior in midsummer as part of a study of the relation between movements of marked hatchery-reared lake trout and the counterclockwise littoral currents along the south shore. About 50 percent of the bottles were recovered by December. During the past 6 years, very low dissolved oxygen concentrations have been observed in the hypolimnetic waters of Lake Erie, over an area of about 3,000 square miles. Labora- tory and field measurements were made of the oxygen demand of the sediments and the water, and of the organic content of the sedi- ments. The sediments have a high immediate oxygen demand which is probably chemical and a continued gradual uptake of oxygen which is probably biological. Sediments with the highest oxygen demand had the greatest organic content. The oxygen demand of the hypolimnetic water alone was not great enough to account for the low dissolved oxygen con- centrations observed. Study of the micro-organic constitutents of the Great Lakes waters has been directed to- ward improving sampling procedures and methods for identifying the organic compounds. In the interim, activated charcoal filters are being used to adsorb and concentrate the organic materials in water. In addition, filter units were operated at a Lake Huron field station and aboard the Bureau's research ves- sel Cisco, in Lake Michigan. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, December 1962 p. 36, August 1962 p. 21, and June 1962 p. 17. ok OK OK OK OK August 1963 DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF SMALL LAKE TROUT IN LAKE SUPERIOR SURVEYED: M/V “Siscowet" Cruise I (May 17-29, 1963): The distribution and abundance of juvenile lake trout were studied in the Apos- tle Islands region of Lake Superior during this cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries research vessel Siscowet. Semiballoon trawls and experimental gillnets (2 nets of each of 6 mesh sizes, from 2 to 35 inches) were fished at depths of 18-29 fathoms. = = = Research vessel Siscowet of the U, S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries. Catches from trawls included 222 lake trout (4.6 to 21.7 inches long) of which 219 (98.6 percent) were hatchery-reared. Lake trout taken were from 11 plants made in the Apostle Islands region; fish from the 1962 spring plant were most common. All of the juvenile lake trout were returned to the water alive after removal of the anal fin. Other species were relatively scarce in the catches, although small numbers of smelt, chubs, and yearling coregonines were taken in most of the tows. Experimental gill nets yielded 82 lake trout ranging from 8.3 to 21.9 inches long. Seventy (85.4 percent) were fin-clipped; 10 plants were represented in the catches. Lake trout from the 1960 Bayfield spring plant were most common. Other fish taken in the gill nets included burbot, lake herring, and chubs. Small lake trout were most abundant at 20-25 fathoms where the water temperature was about 39° F. Surface water tempera- tures ranged from 37.6° F. east of Madeline Island to 48.2° F. in Punky Bay. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, January 1963 p. 31, December 1962 p. 37. KOK AS KK COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 27 LAKE MICHIGAN FISH POPULATION SURVEY CONTINUED: M/V “"Cisco™ Cruise 4 (June 11-25, 1963): The depth distribution of fish fry, especially coregonids (whitefishes), and of larger chubs and associated fish species was studied; spe- cial emphasis was placed on that area of the bottom where a rapid change in temperature occurs with a change in depth. These were the primary objectives of this cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries re- search vessel Cisco. Operations were con- ducted in southeastern Lake Michigan, mostly in the Saugatuck-Holland area, but with some trawling near Grand Haven. Fry were sampled over bottoms of 3 to 60 fathoms with half-meter and meter plankton nets of No. 656 Nitex (0.0258-inch mesh). Chub fry were caught in the 30- to 60-fathom depth range (mostly at 35 to 50 fathoms). They were distributed vertically from near- surface to near-bottom, but were considerably more common in the deeper levels. Many more were caught than on cruise 2 by the same vessel, but the mesh of the net used during the earlier sampling period (No. 1179 Nitex, 0.0464-inch mesh) apparently was too large to take chub fry effectively. Identical tows with meter nets of 656 and 1179 Nitex during this cruise indicated that probably at least 80 percent of the chub fry were lost by the larger-mesh net. The only fry caught besides coregonids were deepwater sculpins and yellow perch. The sculpins were scarce, and found only over a 50-fathom bottom. The perch fry were numerous on June 14 just north of the Sauga- tuck breakwater in shallow water (3-7 fathoms) from surface to bottom, but were scare 3 miles north of that area at the same depths. Those near the breakwater had disappeared by the following day, and none were caught elsewhere. Ten-minute tows with a ¢-size North At- lantic semiballoon trawl ( -inch-mesh cod end) were made off Saugatuck at 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 15, and 17 fathoms (1 to 3 tows) and at 5-fathom intervals from 20 to 50 fathoms (single tows), and off Grand Haven at 5, 7, 10, 12, and 15 fathoms (single tows). Although thermal stratification had begun (surface water temperatures mostly 50°-57° F.), no sharp thermocline had developed, and there was no bottom area where the temperature changed rapidly. Consequently, depth distri- bution of the various fish species (which was similar off Grand Haven and Saugatuck) was 28 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW not as Sharply defined as it probably will be later this year. Alewives were abundant at 3-7 fathoms, common at 10-12 fathoms, and somewhat scarce at 15 fathoms and deeper. Yellow perch were commonest at 3-10 fath- oms but were in fair numbers at 12 fathoms. They were scarce in deeper water, although at least one was caught at all depths out to 35 fathoms. Chubs (bloaters) were common from 10-50 fathoms with no notable areas of concentration but were scarce at 5 to 7 fath- oms, and absent at 3 fathoms. Other species which were caught commonly included slimy sculpins (common at 15-40 fathoms), deep- water sculpins (40-50 fathoms), smelt (5-20 fathoms, commonest at 12-15), spottail shiners (3-7 fathoms), and trout-perch (5- 12 fathoms, commonest at 7). Species caught in very small numbers included emerald shiners, carp, log perch, lake herring, and whitefish (5 of which were 9 to 10 inches long). Blood, eye lenses, and muscle tissue were collected for serological and electrophoretic studies of chubs, designed to aid in the sep- aration of the various species. Attempts to catch small chubs in a 5-foot- square net towed in midwater failed. The net was towed obliquely from surface to bottom at 30, 35, and 40 fathoms. The Cisco was under contract to the U.S. Public Health Service during cruise 3 (May 21-June 4) when limnological and bacteriol- ogical samples were collected in northern Lake Michigan. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1963 p. 37. HK OK OK Kk OAK WESTERN LAKE SUPERIOR FISHERY SURVEY: M/V “Siscowet™ Cruise 2 (June 3-20, 1963): Spring environmental conditions were studied at three limnological stations in the Apostle Islands region of Lake Superior dur- ing this cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries research vessel Siscowet. Routine limnological collections included records of water temperature, Secchi-disc readings, water samples for chemical anal- yses, and bottom and plankton samples. Sur- face water temperature ranged from 40.6° F. to 54.79 F. in the immediate vicinity of the Apostle Islands but only 37.0° F. in the open lake. Vole Zoe Nona Studies were continued on the abundance and distribution of juvenile lake trout in west- ern Lake Superior. Three index stations were established where the abundance of small lake trout was measured by systematic fishing with bottom trawls, with 10 to 15 tows made at each station. The average number of young lake trout caught per 15-minute tow was 3.5 east of Madeline Island, 5.7 southeast of Bear Island, and 24.8 east of Basswood Island. The total catch was 607 (average length, 8.0 inches), of which 600 (98.8 percent) were fin-clipped. Other species in the catches included smelt, chubs, and sculpins. Experimental gill nets (2 nets each of 6 mesh sizes, from 2 to 33 inches) yielded 186 lake trout (average length, 13.3 inches), of which 175 (84.1 percent) were hatchery- reared. Gulf Exploratory Fishery Program GEAR RESEARCH IN GULF OF MEXICO COORDINATED WITH SHRIMP MARKING STUDIES: M/V “Silver Bay” Cruise 49 (June 17-28, 1963): This cruise was divided into three phases: (1) shrimp sampling with 40-foot trawls along the Mississippi and Alabama coasts in depths of 4 to 60 fathoms; (2) mesh- selectivity studies, with trawls and cod ends of varying mesh sizes and fitted with cod-end covers; and (3) mortality and migration stud- ies on brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus). As a part of the phase 3 studies, 4,801 shrimp were captured, stained, and released, and 1,208 were tagged. The U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel Silver Bay opera- ted in the northern Gulf of Mexico during this 12-day cruise under a charter agreement with the Bureau's Biological Laboratory at Galves- ton, Tex. The vessel returned to her base at Pas- cagoula, Miss., on June 28, after which she was placed in a local shipyard for annual hauling and maintenance. kok OK OK OK MOTION PICTURES USED TO STUDY DEEP-WATER SHRIMP BEHAVIOR: M/V “Oregon” Cruise 85 (May 15-June 19, 1963): Successful deep-water motion picture August 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 29 photography of shrimp trawl operation and the reaction behavior of shrimp to trawls was achieved during this cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel Oregon. The objective of the cruise, which was conducted in 5 phases, was to calibrate and field test a self-contained deep-water motion picture camera designed by the Bureau's staff. The work was carried out in the north central Gulf of Mexico, and motion picture camera operations were con- ducted at depths of 200 and 210 fathoms. This equipment was developed to obtain direct photographic records to be used in determin- ing the efficiency of trawling gear on royal- red shrimp (Hymenopenaeus robustus) stocks. Two cameras were used during the trials - - the experimental 16 millimeter motion pic- ture camera (400! film capacity) and light- ing system, and an Edgerton CA-8 still cam- era. The motion picture camera was mounted on the headrope of a 40-foot shrimp trawl while in operation. The still camera was placed on the sea floor for detailed study of bottom conditions. The first three cruise phases were de- voted exclusively to housing and equipment testing and the development of handling pro- cedures. Experimental application of the equipment during phases 4 and 5 produced some 1,400 feet of motion picture film and 2,000 still negatives. Individual trawl drags were limited to 30 minutes each so as to minimize chances of equipment loss by bottom fouling. The mo- tion picture camera was positioned to shoot parallel to the trawl mouth immediately in front of the footrope. A preliminary review of the footage obtained showed numerous fish and shrimp to be present, but detailed study and additional footage will be required to reach conclusive opinions on behavior. In general, shrimp reactions ranged from pas- sive inactivity to violent flipping and swim- ming. The smaller deep-water shrimp (Peneaopsis megalops) were identified inthe films and royal-red shrimp were tentatively identified. Both species were present in catches made during successful film runs. Most of the fish photographed appear to be- long to the grenadier family Macrouridae, although many other as yet unidentified species were photographed. Most of the fish appeared capable of vigorous swimming and displayed deliberate escapement reactions, including diving into the mud bottom. Still photographs of the bottom showed many areas "carpeted" with a thin layer of unidentifiable material, sufficiently fragile to indicate that there has been no previous dis- cernable evidence from trawling activity. Dense patches of mud-dwelling white anemones were photographed. A single identifiable shrimp (P. megalops) was photographed hov- ering or Swimming a few inches over the bot- tom. A short cruise to continue equipment test- ing was scheduled for mid-July, pending re- ceipt of special lighting equipment. Photo- graphic evaluation with this equipment is to be conducted later in conjunction with explora- tory fishing cruises by the Bureau's vessels Oregon and Silver Bay. In addition to the operations conducted on this cruise, a series of bottom color photo- graphs was taken in cooperation with the Na- tional Geographic Society, using the CA-8 camera furnished by them. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1963 p. 38. Gulf Fishery Investigations SHRIMP DISTRIBUTION STUDIES: M/V "Gus II" Cruise GUS .-6 (June 6-July 1, 1963): Excellent catches of brown shrimp were made off the coast of Louisiana and Galveston, Tex., during this cruise by Gus III. The chartered vessel (operated by the Galveston Biological Laboratory of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries) is engaged in a continuing study of shrimp in the Gulf of Mexico. MEXICO ‘a ners i ESS an as Cs Gad ! ob 94° as Shows the station pattern for the shrimp distribution studies in the Gulf of Mexico during Cruise 6 of Gus II and Cruise SB-49 of the Silver Bay. 30 Hight statistical areas (13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21) were covered. One 3-hour tow with a 45-foot shrimp trawl was made in each of 3 depth ranges (0-10, 10-20, andover 20 fathoms) in all areas. The best catches of brown shrimp were made in 10-20 fathoms. Individual tows in that depth took 219 pounds of 31-40 count brown shrimp from area 14, and 120 pounds of 31-40 count brown shrimp from area 13. The same depth range produced a catch of 146 pounds of 51-67 count brown shrimp in area 18. Area 20 yielded a catch of 50 pounds of 15-20 count brown shrimp from the over 20- fathom depth, and 23 pounds of over 68 count brown shrimp from the 10-20 fathom range. The brown shrimp catch in the other areas was light. White shrimp were only found in the under 10-fathom depth. Moderate catches of 15-20 count white shrimp were taken in area 16 (45 pounds), area 19 (26 pounds), and area 18 (11 pounds). The white shrimp catch in other areas was light. The pink shrimp catch was light at all stations sampled. M/V "Silver Bay'' Cruise SB-49 (June 17- 19, 1963): Catches of brown and white shrimp were light during this shrimp distribution study off the coast of Alabama and Missis- sippi by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries exploratory fishing vessel Silver Bay. The cruise, which covered statistical areas 10 and 11, resulted in modest catches of pink shrimp from the less than 10-fathom depth. Notes: (1) Shrimp catches are heads-on weight; shrimp sizes are the number of heads-off shrimp per pound. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1963 p. 40. Hawaii TUNA LANDINGS IN MAY 1963 SHARPLY LOWER: Skipjack landings in Hawaii for May 1963, were estimated to be 660,000 pounds -- 400,000 pounds below the 1948-1962 average. During the first five months of 1963, landings were estimated at about 1,750,000 pounds. This estimate is 640,000 pounds below the 1948-1962 average for the same period. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 In May this year, there were 115 produc- tive trips, giving an average of 3,648 pounds per productive trip. Individual vessel land- ings ranged from 132 to 11,792 pounds. Cannery records for May 1963 indicate that 40.7 percent of the fish by weight were small (4-8 lbs.); 6.5 percent were small- medium (4-15 lbs.); 21.8 percent were medium (8-15 lbs.); and 31.0 percent were large (15 lbs. and up). Landings of small fish were heaviest the first part of the month. The medium and large fish first entered the fish- ery about May 15. Industrial Fishery Products COST FACTOR IMPORTANT IN USE OF FISH MEAL IN POULTRY FEED: In mid-May 1963, a U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries animal nutritionist visited scientists at several universities to discuss uses of fish meal in animal and poultry feeding. According to one of the speakers at the American Feed Manufacturers Association Convention and National Feed Show at Chicago, Il., May 12-15, the feed production in- dustry is already the largest in the United States devoted exclusively to supplying goods and services to agriculture and is the 13th largest manufacturing industry in the coun- try. Some idea of the speed with which the feed industry has grown may be gained from the fact that commerical feed tonnage increased by 200 percent from 1939 to 1958, The animal nutritionist stopped first at the University of Michigan. At that institution, it was pointed out that per- centage utilization of fish meal in commercial mixed poultry rations is lower than it was a few years ago. In compliance with general practice, the recommended Michigan rations for growing chickens contain relatively low levels of fish meal; broiler-starter and finisher rations eontain 1.5 and 1 percent fish meal, respectively, and al- lowances for young chickens of the layer type are similar to those for broilers. On the other hand, the Michigan rec- ommendation for laying hens is 1 percent (doubtless consid- erably in excess of the amount ordinarily present in com- mercial laying rations), and for turkey starters and growers, allowances are 5 and 2.5 percent fish meal in the rations. At Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N.J., a professor stated that fish meal is used at the 3-percent level in the chick starter rations recommended by the New Jersey Ex- periment Station. Such rations, containing 22 percent protein, are extremely efficient, according to the professor, One locality in which relatively liberal amounts of fish meal are still fed is the Delaware, Maryland, Virginia (Delmarva) area. Percentage utilization of fish meal in broiler feeds is greater in that area than anywhere else, according to a professor of the University of Delaware, meal allowances being from 5 to 7 percent of the ration. Practically all of the fish meal produced in the large plants in the Delmarva area plus a great deal brought in from the outside is utilized in poultry feeds in the area. Although the percentage of fish meal now incorporated in commercial poultry rations is relatively low, this situ- ation could change radically with a shift in prices of fish meal and other feed ingredients. This point is borne out by exper- ience with rations formulated by computers to yield maximum profits. Recently, the University of Delaware professor August 1963 formulated a broiler ration in this way, allowing the com- puter to select from a number of possible ingredients the amounts of each that would satisfy nutritional requirements at least cost. Fish meal in the Delmarva area, selling at $118 a ton when the ration was formulated, was entered atthat price and limited to 6 percent of the ration or less. The computer, ‘‘programmed’’ to formulate a ration to given specifications at least cost, incorporated the full 6 percent of fish meal, or the maximum amount it was per- mitted to include, in the ration. Fish meal prices are, of course, lower in the Delmarva area, due to the proximity of most points in that region to large fish meal plants, than they are in areas farther from a source of supply. If, in the formulation, prices of feedstuffs at a point relatively distant from a source of supply were used and if the com- puter were permitted to incorporate as much as 6 percent fish meal, the full allowance might or might not be utilized depending upon relative prices of the various feedstuffs, The University of Delaware’s experience with its formulation suggests that a slight price shift could re- sult in a great increase in demand for fish meal through- out the country. KOKO KOK GROWTH FACTOR IN FISH MEAL AND SOLUBLES STILL UNIDENTIFIED: It has long been known that fish solubles and fish meal contain a factor that stimulates the growth of chicks, but the identity of this factor has never been determined. Now, some recently published results of a pain- staking investigation by a group of well- known scientists confirm both the elusive nature of this unidentified growth factor (UGF) and the factor's growth-stimulating property. Chicks receiving a semipurified ration containing 4 percent menhaden fish solubles for 4 weeks gained 16 percent more weight than was gained by chicks on the same ration without solubles; this is an av- erage of the results of 26 trials, carried on over a period of 3 years. In only one trial did the chicks that received solubles fail to outgain those on the basic ration. The research, undertaken at the Univer- sity of Wisconsin and reported in the May 1963 issue of the Journal of Nutrition, has demonstrated that the unidentified growth factor (UGF) is entirely organic in nature; some earlier workers reported that the fac- tor is partly made up of an inorganic frac- tion. Because the recent work resulted in but little purification of the active factor, little was contributed toward the identifica - tion of the chemical nature of the factor; in other words, UGF appears to be still eluding identification as it always has in the past. In order to analyze and identify the factor chemically, scientists will have to concen- trate and purify it so that it is uncontami- nated by foreign substances. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 31 Poultry nutritionists should keep in mind the fact that the most dependable known sources of the chick growth factor of fish are fish solubles and fish meal. KOK KOK OK NET PROTEIN VALUES OF FISH MEAL DETERMINED WITHOUT CHEMICAL ANALYSIS: Because the ratio of water to nitrogen in birds and mammals is quite constant, the net protein values of fish meal and other feed- stuffs can be determined merely by weighing the carcasses of chicks, fed a test diet for 2 weeks or Somewhat less, before and after drying. The method, adapted from earlier work published abroad and developed at Rut- gers (New Jersey) University yields impor- tant information with a minimum of labora- tory work. Prior to using the method as a practical assay procedure, the ratio between the water and nitrogen of the chick body is determined after a ration of the type to be assayed has been consumed for 2 weeks. Once this ratio is known, it is necessary only to make body moisture determinations and use them in estimating body nitrogen. Thus, the analytical procedure ordinarily required to determine net protein values is eliminated except for the weighing of carcasses, before and after drying, to determine body moisture. Far from being just a rough approxima- tion, the test is actually quite sensitive. For example, when fish meal replaced 4 percent of the soybean protein of a corn-soy test ration, net protein value of the ration in- creased by 15 percent (from 56.11 0.2 to 64.7£ 0.2). The test ration contained a small amount of alfalfa meal and was similar toa conventional commercial chick starter ration except for the fact that the protein level was held at 13 instead of 21 percent. To carry out an assay, day-old chicks are supplied a standard ration for 1 week, then, after weighing, some are placed on the feed to be tested and others given a protein-free ration for 2 weeks. Feed is removed 12 hours prior to the termination of the test. At the latter time, the chicks are killed and dried in an oven at 85° C., or 185° F., to constant weight. Moisture values are the difference between final weight prior to drying and the dried weight. The weight of body water or moisture divided by a factor representing the ratio of 32 body water to nitrogen represents the nitro- gen of the body. The factor must be pre- determined in tests in which both body-nitro- gen and -water are measured. But once this ratio is known for a given type of ration, routine assays can be carried out indefinitely without the necessity for the determination of body nitrogen. The reason why some chicks are givena protein-free ration is that otherwise it would be necessary to assume that protein incor- porated in the body is proportional to gain in body weight. By feeding a protein-free ration to some chicks, the difference between weight gains of the two different groups, instead of total weight gained by the animals on thetest ration, can be used as the criterion of the protein gained. The University's procedure not only shows how much protein is used for maintenance, but also makes possible the evaluation of proteins of such poor quality as to fail to promote growth. (Technical Advisory Unit, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Bos- ton, Mass.) HOS OK OK OK TESTS FOR DIGESTIBILITY OF FISH MEAL PROTEINS IMPROVED BY LOWERING CONCENTRATION OF PEPSIN: The pepsin digestibility tests presently in use are not sufficiently sensitive to permit differentiation between fish meals having proteins that are highly digestible and those with proteins having lower coefficients of digestibility, according to some users. En- deavoring to increase the sensitivity of the tests, workers at various laboratories are carrying out experiments in which the test procedure is modified in various ways. Some experiments have involved changes in con- centration of the enzyme (pepsin) employed whereas others have involved changes in concentration of the acid used with the en- zyme. Still other experiments have dealt with the effects of various temperatures on pepsin digestion. In addition, studies have been made of the effects of shortening the time allotted to the digestive process. Some variations in enzyme concentration used dur- ing the investigations have increased the sensitivity of the test, but most of the other experimental modifications of the test have been unproductive. The present standard pepsin digestibility method consists of the digestion of one gram COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Wool, 25, INO, 8 of a defatted sample ground to pass a 2-mil- limeter screen, with 0.2-percent pepsin (1:10,000) in 0.075 normal hydrochloric acid for 16 hours at 45° C., with continuous end- over-end agitation. This technique has been recommended by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists since 1960. By using an enzyme solution with a concentration equal to only one-hundredth of that employed by the standard test in determining digestibilities of fish meals, scientists of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries have increased the sensitivity of the tests appreciably, as the following figure shows. ae: | pemsessescomtome Fish Meal Elicit eocaN Gratin Resa o o ao uw 80 DIGESTIBILITY (Percentage) - 008 -01 PEPSIN CONCENTRATION -004 - 006 i Influence of enzyme concentration on sensitivity of pepsin diges- tion tests. + Two British scientists have carried the dilution studies a step further by using a dilu- tion one thousand times greater than that of the standard test. This has resulted in still greater sensitivity in determining the digest- ibility of fish meals. As the work on the improvement of the tests progresses, doubtless the pepsin digest- ibility test will become still more sensitive and therefore may be a more reliable criteri- on of the digestibility of proteins. 1/From Ambrose, Mary E., 1962. ''The Pepsin Digestibility of Fish Meal.'' Mimeo. report, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries Technological Laboratory, College Park, Md. see Oe ke *K OK OOK OK OK U.S. FISH MEAL AND SOLUBLES: Production and Imports, January- May 1963: Based on domestic production and imports, the United States available supply of fish meal for January- May 1963 amounted to 219,138 short tons--44,040 tons (or 25.2 percent) more than during the same period in 1962. Domestic production was 5,009 tons (or 8.3 percent) less, but imports were 49,049 August 1963 tons (or 42.9 percent) higher than in the same period in 1962, Peru continued to lead other countries with shipments of 125,998 tons. The United States supply of fish solubles (including ho- mogenized fish) during January~- May 1963 amounted to 27,672 tons-~-a decrease of 2,508 tons as compared with the same period in 1962, Domestic production and imports dropped 4.5 percent and 38.1 percent, respectively. U. S. Supply of Fish Meal and Solubles, January- May 1963 with Comparisons Total Item Steen (SHOnt ONS) hyenas Fish Meal and Scrap: Domestic production: Menhaden ey...). 2. 2). . | 1395381) 36,204 238,680 Munavyangemackenrell.) << sj.ie «0/4 9,430] 12,131] 26,559 Ise? 5 Gp olalo oO Dodo dD Od = 346 5,095 CUP rsoddccaccoangou god 6,845 | 11,984] 40,898 I Total production.........| 55,656] 60,665) 311,232 Imports: CaRACE. ciomémoldo om ooo cord) | LAOH OHA Zt 303) IPEGUGPeielecionelisieis) sjehe ceo) sel) 129,998 1) 65,4141 862249 CMMs oo odootoaoupoauovad) lee 2,259 9,247 SOwAtricasRepublic ji. .c. . s 3,950 6,484] 10,084 @thericountries) cy .tenciesciel siete 1,207 401 3,921 - Total imports...........| 163,482 |114,433 | 252,307 — 4 —=—= [Available fish meal supply.... .| 219,138 eae ee Domestic production 2/,...... ae 124,334 Imports: CEREGE 4 6) 5/515 0 Old OIULO 6 OC Ole 1,028 795 1,335. 1eGhlawels oo helb Gooopotonod = 2,205 2,332 Otherscountries yes) /elevelelelsiel eis 1,088 418 2,641 MOTaAletMPONtS wees cuslee sis 2,116 3,418 6,308 [Available fish solubles supply ..] 27,672 | 30,180/130,642 1/Preliminary. 2/SO-percent solids.’ Includes production of homogenized condensed fish. Note: Differences in totals between the various tables showing data on industrial fishery products are due to partial preliminary estimates and later revisions. Brailing menhaden from the pocket or bunt of a purse seine. Fish meal, oil, and solubles are produced from menhaden. More modem purse seiners are now equipped with large suction hoses to transfer the fish from the net to the vessel. 2k ok kk COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 33 Production and Imports, January-April 1963: Based on domestic production and imports, the United States available supply of fish meal for January-April 1963 amounted to 148,985 short tons--39,660 tons (or 36.3 percent) more than during the same period in 1962. Domestic production was 4,259 tons (or 21.1 percent) less, but imports were 43,919 tons (or 49.3 percent) higher than in the same period in 1962, Peru continued to lead other countries with shipments of 104,219 tons, The United States supply of fish solubles (including ho- mogenized fish) during January-April 1963 amounted to 9,946 tons--a decrease of 3,183 tons as compared with the same period in 1962, Domestic production and imports dropped 17,1 percent and 46.8 percent, respectively. U. S. Supply of Fish Meal and Solubles, January-April 1963 with Comparisons Jan.~Apr. Total Item 1/1963 1962 1962 Wewen eee (SortYnons)) er tetene Fish Meal and Scrap: Domestic production: Menhadentreneepeneicner et aisielets 4,991 4,265 | 238,680 Tuna and mackerel........ 7,167 9,295| 26,559 Herringa ne usicneasnchencnenenenehaie 1/ 295 5,095 COUNTS oot omome pads C 3,744 6,306} 40,898 Motalsproduetiony. aise. sive sil LO,G02 | eO,LOL 7233 Imports: @EDECES gigs 6c OOo 06.0.5 13,603] 14,748| 42,806 RELU En POM ines sneer e LO4s21 Sl orar2oil 1a 6s240 Chileyare ketene 12,220) 2,039) 9,247 So, Africa Republic .......% 1,950 4,501} 10,084 @thernicountriesieteckerenomet ences 1,091 151 3,921 Total imports...........| 133,083) 89,164) 252,307 Available fish meal supply.... .| 148,985] 109,325| 563,539 Fish Solubles: Domestic production 3/7....... 8,268 9,976 | 124,334 ——e Imports: CERES 5 6-5 Ginldu odo om md 781 600 15330) Icelandtepeneneyeneusne odo ousdaod S 2,205 gna! |p Omer, COUNtHICSWeemcner sietisielonens 897 348 2,641 Lotalsmpontsieweeysienshs) cliers 1,678 =| 6,308 i 9,946 | 13,129] 130,642 1/Preliminary. 2/Included with "other,"' 3/S0-percent solids. Includes production of homogenized condensed fish. ems fish solubles supply . KOK OK ok Ok U.S. FISH MEAL, OIL, AND SOLUBLES: Major Indicators for U.S. Supply, May 1963: United States production of fish meal in May 1963- was lower by 6.2 percent, as compared with May 1962. Fish oil and fish solubles production increased by 1.5 percent and 6.0 percent, respectively. liz Major Indicators for U.S. Supply of Fish Meal, Solubles, and Oil, May 1963 Item and Period 1963 [ 1982 | 1961 | 1980 | 1959 Om OD O.000-0 (ShortaTons) twee cucm-netene Fish Meal: Production 1/: JULY Se etek al ee 52,574] 62,586] 55,696] 52,132 JUNC evenelicheieil sas = 58,397) 53,162) 44,293) 52,006 May .........| 39,754, 42,374] 32,922] 17,194] 25,312 | January-April... .| 15,994] 13,604] 13,724| 12,387] 14,155 (Table continued on next page) 34 Item and Period eieekaiet) (SHOrtMhons) Jan.-Dec. prelim. totals 2/..... | = 288,336] 289,039/257,969| 275,396 Jan.~Dec. final tot. =, 311,232] 311,265/290,137| 306,551 = =+ = 6 = 25,857| 18,710} 13,131 4,303 S 26,453) 19,317) 11,178] 10,386 | 2 +25,269| 24,753 9,496] 16,329 January-April... Hess 083} 89 316 63,393] 45,701] 78,256 January~ December 252, *307 217, 845 [131,561 1335955 at met Fish Solubles: Production 3/: Jays Raya ede lPoaks 22,165] 21,870] 20,208] 33,133 UME] eyieive eet oy eile) (0 24,35 7,821 a 29,594 May... 20,626 January-April... 13,095 Jan.-Dec. prelim. itotallweees Jan.-Dec. totals. ,334)112,241] 98,929/165,359 =- =i =| Imports: UL Y weneenoesekeion = 306 708 96) 4,938 Ais Sold o o-oo o = 872 207 149 954 May .. = 265) 283 59|_ 4 January-April... .[ 1,678[ 3,153| 729| 2,310| 3,997 Jan.-Dec. totals . 6,308 6,739] 3,174] 26,630 i= — ee eieneiereus (10, 00MPounds)}5)/snewenewenene Fish Oils: Production: UUIK? SG odd G0-0.0 5:0 = 46,608] 58,533] 41,362] 32,108 UNE Nee 4 53,565) 48,794) 36,207] 37,401 May...........| 33,310} 32,816] 33 2844] 13, 705] 20,180 |__ January-April asain 7,856 6,483 4,660 3,189| 4,496 Jan.-Dec. prelim. totals 4/..... A = 257,131] 259,400|206,848/189,240 Jan.-Dec. final tot. 5 255,808] 266, 670 |215, 861 193,324| Exports: TUL ee eee eee 128] 4,421] 40,603] 28,276 UNS eyeteieienteieitelts = 4,922) 21,036] 14,360] 11,358 May .. - 6,491| 3,192| 2,427] 10,910] 51,593| 43,900] 34,764] 27,089 = [123,050|122,486[143,659|144,481 January~ April . Jan.-Dec. totals 1/Does not include crab meat, shrimp, and misc. Seraeals 2/Preliminary data computed ‘from monthly data. Fish meal production reported currently comprised 90 percent for 1959, 89 percent for 1960, 93 percent for 1961 and 1962. 3/Includes homogenized fish. 4/Preliminary data computed from monthly data. Represents over 95 percent of the total production. 5/Beginning with March 1963, fish oil is shown in pounds instead of gallons. Conversion factor, 7.75 pounds equal 1 gallon. [Note: Data for 1963 are preliminary. || sk ste ook Sichsicur skh okates Production by Areas, May 1963: Pre- liminary data on U.S. production of fish meal, U.S. Production!/ of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles May 1963 (Preliminary) with Comparisons Homog- sana Solubles East & Gulf Coasts an.-May 1963: 55, 656 41, 166 23, 180 2,500 3/Includes condensed fish. West Coast2/, . . a coco ee 1/Does not include crab meal, shrimp meal, and liver oils. Note: Beginning with March 1963 fish oil is shown in pounds in- Jan. -May 1962: 2 /Includes Hawaii, American Samoa, and Puerto Rico. stead of gallons. Conversion factor, 7.75 pounds equal 1 gallon. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 oil, and solubles by areas for May 1963 as collected by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and submitted to the International Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers are shown in the table. sk sk ook asf arse 7K 3K Production, May 1963: During May 1963, a total of 34.4 million pounds of marine-animal oils and 39,754 tons of fish meal and scrap was produced in the United States. Com- pared with May 1962, this was an increase of 973,000 pounds or 2.9 percent in oil, and a decrease of 750 tons or 1.9 per- cent in meal and scrap production. Menhaden oil, amounting to 32.3 million pounds, ac- counted for 94 percent of the May 1963 oil production, Compared with May 1962, this was an increase of 937,000 pounds or 3 percent. Menhaden meal, amounting to 34,390 tons, accounted for 86.5 percent of the May meal produc- tion--an increase of 2,451 tons, compared with the same month last year. A total of 16,022 tons of fish solubles was produced in May 1963--an increase of 1,651 tons or 11.5 percent as compared with May 1962, The production of homogenized condensed fish amounted to 1,250 tons--a decrease of 1,165 tons as compared with May 1962, T Table 1 - U. S. Production of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles, May 1963 1/with Comparisons May Jan.~ May Total Product 1/1963 | 1962 {1/1963 1962 1962 SiC nC nC (Short) Tons) /eyesvakelehole=lel= Fish Meal and Scrap: Herring yet iiikstefietien-t-terslstel ate 2/ 346 5,095] Menhaden 3/..... 39,381 | 36,204 | 238,680) Sardine, Pacific... 9 648 702 Tuna and mackerel 9,430 | 12,131 26,559 Unclassified 6,836 | 11,336 27,297 {ON Hoopsecposo uo Soon GulD 55,656 | 60,665 298,333 Shellfish, marine-animal meal and scrap..| 4/ 4/ 4) 4/ 12,899 Grand total meal and scrap........ 4/ 4/ 4) 4/ 311,232 Fish solubles: Menhadentey.pereteyer-terekesePstefoveielenrorie 14,719 | 10,521 16,555 | 11,541 84,885 Other! eee a ee ewe aisle wos wlelesin sie 1,303 3,850 6,501 11,571 28,353 2h Go gUoOdUMDO DD AOU dU OOO 16,022 | 14,371 23,056 | 23,112 113,238 Homogenized condensed fish .......... 1,250 2,415 2,500 3,650 11,096) foedaoeboouS (1,000 Pounds).........-. Oil, body: Heme ings s\cvs tors wisterteln else ncrernae c = 2) 54 5,255 Menhaden 3/,.... 31,361 38,130 | 35,877 237,815 Sardine, Pacific . a a) 148 167 Tuna and mackerel 375 1,395 1,735 5,175 Other (including whale)............. 1,889 | 1,692 2,633 | 2,866 7,396 Trotal(oil ie Vireo ete ce evclerelelels cleuste 34,401 33,428 42,158 | 40,680 255,808 T7Preliminary data. = 2/Included in "other" or "unclassified. " 3/Includes a small quantity of thread Rater '4/Not available on a monthly basis. Note: Beginning with February 1963, fish oil is shown in pounds instead of gallons. Conversion factor, 7.75 pounds equal 1 gallon. A purse seiner in the Gulf of Mexico with a full load of menhaden. August 1963 The quantity of fish meal processed during the first 5 months of 1963 amounted to 55,656 tons--5,009 tons less than the same period of the previous year. Marine-animal oil amounted to 42,2 mijlion pounds--1.5 million pounds greater than the same period of 1962, KOK KKK Production in 1962: During 1962, a total of 311,232 tons of fish meal, and over 255 million pounds of marine animal oils was produced in the United States. Compared with the previous year, the total meal and scrap production remained on nearly the same level as in 1961. Menhaden meal ac- counted for 77 percent of the total meal production. The production of scrap and meal would have exceeded the 1961 record production by several thousand tons had not bad weather caused an abrupt termination of the North Carolina fall fishery. Producers of fish meal and scrap had a satisfactory year in 1962. Prices were good despite the near record domestic production and the sharply increased volume of imports. Thousand tons Thousand tons 60 50 50 re 20 — 40 May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. ; leg ale Mar. United States production (by months) of fish meal, 1962. Marine animal oil production showed a decrease of nearly 11 million pounds com- pared with 1961. Menhaden oil amounted to 238 million pounds or 93 percent of the total oil production. Unlike the meal market, there was some difficulty in marketing fish oil. Solubles and homogenized condensed fish production increased from 112,000 tons in 1961 to over 124,000 tons in 1962. As in 1961, some solubles were processed into fish meal rather than being sold separately. Prices were good, tending to follow those of fish meal. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 395 Inventions NEW ICE-FISHING AID PATENTED: The inventor of a new ice-fishing aid claims that it is only necessary to chop one hole in the ice all season when his device is used. The invention includes a canwhich * is allowed to freeze in anice hole, and a wick arrangement which can be burned to loosen the ice core within the can. The device is said to have been tested successfully in the field. (Patent Number 3,056,272, U.S. Patent Office Classification Number 62-355, granted Ervin F. Eilers, 1284 Hartford Ave. St. Paul 16, Minn.) 2 Maine FISHERY LANDINGS, 1962: Landings of fish and shellfish at Maine ports in 1962 amounted to 294.3 million pounds valued at $20.4 million. Compared with 1961, this was a gain of 96.4 million pounds or 49 percent in volume, and $1.3 mil- lion or 7 percent in value. Million pounds of 7) Le al —— BS IN SEA HERRING 40F CARRIER Jan. Feb. Mar, Apr. Landings at Maine ports by months, 1962 and 1961. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct, Nov. Dec. Sea herring landings of 156.7 million pounds in 1962 were up 102 million pounds from 1961. Ocean perch (69.5 million pounds) landings declined 7.9 million pounds from the preceding year. Seventy-seven percent of of the year's total landings consisted of those two species. The Maine lobster catch(22.1 million pounds) in 1962 was up 1.2 million pounds and the whiting catch (17.8 million pounds) gained 3.7 million pounds as com- pared with 1961. 36 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Knox County led all counties in the 1962 production with 96.3 million pounds. Cum- berland County was second in volume with 82.7 million pounds, and Washington County third with 54.5 million pounds. Hancock County contributed 38.2 million pounds, and Lincoln, Sagadahoc, and York Counties fur- nished 10.6, 10.4, and 1.6 million pounds, respectively. August landings (63.8 million pounds) were the highest of any month of the year. July was the second highest month in production, 51 million pounds; September followed with 49.5 million pounds, and June 44.1 million pounds. Imports of Canadian sea herring through Maine ports during 1962 amounted to 62.1 million pounds--17 percent above 1961. Im- ports during August, September, October, and July totaled 46 million pounds or 74 per- cent of the year's total imports. Maine Sardines CANNED STOCKS, JUNE 1, 1963: Current canned stocks reflect the re- covery of the Maine sardine industry in1962. Canners! stocks of Maine sar- dines on June 1, 1963, were 486,000 cases greater than those of June 1, 1962, but only 242,000 cases above stocks on hand two years ago on June 1, 1961. On April 15, 1963, carryover stocks at the canners! level amounted to about 660,000 cases compared to a carryover of only 33,000 cases on April 15, 1962. But 1962 was a short-pack year. The Maine sardine pack during April 15-June 30, 1963, amounted to Canned Maine Sardines--Wholesale Distributors! and Canners!' Stocks, June 1, 1963, with Comparisons1/ Vol. 25, No. 8 232,000 cases, compared with 452,000 cases during the same period in 1962. The usual 73-month Maine sardine packing season opened on April 15 in 1963. The 1962 season was extended to 13 months--Dec. 2, 1961-Jan. 1, 1963--but the 1962 pack canned before April 15 was insignificant. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1963 p. 35. North Atlantic Fisheries Exploration and Gear Research TUNA STOCKS IN NORTH ATLANTIC SURVEYED: M/V “Delaware” Cruise 63-4 (April 22- June 10, 1963): This tuna exploratory cruise was the eleventh and most extensive of the tuna exploration trips conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel Delaware since 1955. Nearly 5,500 miles of the North Atlantic was covered in 50 days. This projected United States North Atlantic tuna exploration to within 300 miles of the European and African Continents. Investigation of the tunas in areas indicated in figure 1 is an extension of the Bureau's exploratory program to determine the full extent of offshore tuna stocks, and of the con- tinuing biological studies on North Atlantic tunas conducted by the Woods Hole Oceano- graphic Institution. The Committee for Re- search and Exploration of the National Geo- graphic Society joined in this latest effort. Specific objectives of the cruise included an investigation of the distribution, abundance, and migrations of adult tuna and other large pelagic fish by long-line fishing and by tagging fish not needed for other purposes. Biological examination and collection of specimens | taken aboard supported the following studies: 1962/63 Season 271 230 1960/61 Season 6/1/61 1961/62 Season 264 699 1,092 /100 34-0z. cans equal one standard case. percent above that given by the old sample. 1, 348 1/Table,represents marketing season from November 1-October 31. INote: Beginning with the "Canned Food Report" of April 1, 1963, U.S. Bureau of the Census estimates of distributors! stocks were base on a revised sample of merchant wholesalers and warehouses of retail multiunit organizations. The revised sample resulted in better coverage. The January 1, 1963, survey was conducted with both samples to provide an approximate measure of the difference in the two samples. That survey showed that the estimate of distributors' stocks of canned Maine sardines from the revised sample was 13 ource: U.S. Bureau of the Census, "Canned Food Report," June 1, 1963. 134 99) 148 193 374 50 45 144 August 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 37 reproductive maturation, morphometry and meristics, growth determination by analysis of hard parts, anatomical differentiation of species, parasitic host specificity, and sub- population differentiation by dissection and serological analysis. Fig. 1 - Area of operations during M/V Delaware Cruise 63-4, April 22-June 10, 1963. Of 30 long-line sets completed during the cruise, 24 were daylight sets and 6 were night sets. Gear consisted of Japanese-type long-line with 160-fathom "baskets" of 7- hook design. Floatline depths were varied to determine relationships of tuna catch to depth and temperature; four bathythermo- graph casts were taken at each long-line station. é Fige 2 - The U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel Delaware operates out of the Bureau's Exploratory Fishing Base at Gloucester, Mass. Since 1957, this vessel con- ducted 9 tuna long-line exploratory cruises in oceanic areas of the North Atlantic. The most significant tuna catches were made in areas adjacent to the Azores Islands and the American Continental Shelf. Big-eyed tuna (Thunnus obesus) dominated the catch in the eastern North Atlantic area, yellowfin tuna (T. albacares) in the waters of the mid- North Atlantic and Gulf Stream, and bluefin tuna (T. thynnus) were caught in greatest numbers at the edge of the Continental Shelf south of Cape Cod. Few albacore (T. alalunga) and no blackfin tuna (T. atlanticus) or skip- jack (Katsuwonus pelamis) were caught during the cruise. aang A concentration of medium bluefin tuna (average weight 113 pounds) was located at Station 38. Of the 47 bluefin at that station, 29 were released with multiple tags to facil- itate an early possible return from the East Coast tuna purse-seine fishery during the 1963 season. A later report confirmed the recapture of one of those fish in a purse- seine catch off Ocean City, Md., on June 27, 20 days and 325 miles to the west of its re- lease location. A single 400-pound bluefin caught west of the Azores at Station 4 was of particular interest because of its location ~~ a Fig. 3 - Measurements of this giant bluefin tuna (about 400 pounds) were a small part of the scientific data taken from each tuna landed on the Delaware's deck. Note the plastic tag on the fish's side applied at the rail before bringing the tuna to gaff. Vol. 25, No. 8 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 38 TINNG $z80- Z°@L-0°2@L ITI as ad z ‘dat 082 61#1T | M9E-%9 | NSP-ZE NSO-ZE Ove -S090 NGS-TE 00%2-00€2 MOT-9S oz€t-Ss090 TL FEL MBE-SS 00%2Z-00€Z2 OOrT- A-EZ Moz-eS | NSZ-0€ -ollz A-22 “ol pacar ae VI‘AAT MSo-Le | Noo-le | ozEeT-sss0 A-Iz "BI MSI-9% | N9€-le | Ozzz-o0zIz A-02 “LI Mos-6€ | Noz-c€ | OLTT-oTFO A-61 | ot] Mze-ze_ | NSS-9€ | OTTT-00F0 AcLI “SI Mot-6z |Nsz-Le | seEet-0190 K-9t Ral S¥80- A-él MSS-S2 | NGS2-LE -o€el A-El “El aq 9 ‘dae OOT1-Sz0 A-E€l NLS-9¢ | STIz-0F0z A-zl ‘21 NO00-9€ see AcIl TI eae = | Nez-se | STst-o160 A-ol ‘Ol [| eee ase | Moe-€z | Noz-9¢ | O€ST-SsE90 A-8 6 eee eee eae | MSZ-L2 | NSI-6€ | S€ST-ST90 A-S Al MSE-L2 | NLz-6€ | Sstz-szIz A-¥ L Osot- AF "65-0 6S MO0Z-62 | Noz-I -sosl Are 9 "09-0 LS Mst-ce | Net-z% | oFI-S790 A-2 S "29-209 ML0-9€ | NLI-oF | Se#T-0£90 ArI + MOz-6€ |NOv-0F | STST-OELT AI-0€ € mos-b} | Noz-6€ | O€bT-0590 AI-62 ‘z N60-0F | OIST-S#90 AI-L2 aT fi sy1 ewsYy sy1eys yey ‘ON a6 *p-€9 ASIMID SIEMETOd A/W JOF Sayyed pure ee UOTIeIS 39 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW eo a re) August 1963 *Tuour ety azeubtsap uumMyoo ajep UI s[eiaumuU UeWIOY :930N *ystguns paytey-dieys = ¢ ‘pryAduran = 9 ‘urpreur aad = WM ‘urydjog = q ‘ystypioms = ms ‘Aer orBeTag = y ‘ysIpeoUrT esomoys = TS ‘ystpeourl asoubuoy = 77] :seysty *OSTWH +moq uopuryd [eomen = wg ‘wea {y6ry 3yBSru-y80 drq = INC {THEN JeIeM-PIW = LMW ‘2ut[-bu0T = TT :feeD isuorPIAaiqqy I ON ‘3807 - eunLol 380T - MSZ qsoT - AGI ys0T ade pesseL - MSZ yedo I peazeL - WMI DI ‘WMS pease - AAS ‘ST ‘al *Aysng = q {epiors = 5 ‘Tebry = 1 fdi-aatqm = M‘ORW = ‘ed =a :Siteys *arooeqiy = VW ‘UIZMOTIPA = JA feAebrg = ag ‘ulentg = Jaq :eanL ye amp Ut papnyout jou are [res amp 4 SOT YSTJ {yOJeO aM UT papnyour ale paseates pue pabber yst ip: TH Ut pepny I T css Jed pue p: I az‘sr pesseL - qqg9z MSLZ‘TSE] LI‘ MII WL‘AKGE pessel - Adlh Ul‘T12zb|)wr'adizl faass‘aqos ZETALET|| pete eetnmieabar nas. erent mga aCe hce oct BT BIO T 9€9'2= "3M MS ysoT - MSZ pesseLt - MSI pesseL - dab dl ON ‘3807 - PunL 9 peasel - ad Z pesseL - Ad 62 Szb1-S090 pessel - dab €st= "3M MS pessel - Aa I yoT - AG I peasel - ag Zz pessel - Ja I at | ad 2‘da lp 02% SthI-02790 SEIT IA-L -OFI2 PSbI-SI90 MES-89 peszel - JAZ pesseL - WMI peasel - HAE 6 °LL-6 89 spet-0190 STSI-S190 NGSI-LE peazeL - AA b 8 69-9 69 CI ON ‘3807 - euny z possel - AA € poszeL - AA € ZEL-C'ELIWNM I ‘TTT Syl Matar {ety Ey Bde tre + MOS-L9 NL2@-9€ sost-0190 N8I-SE oezz-00T2 NSP-FE STst-O190 o€zz-00I2 NE€O-vE MES-69 NOS-ZE OFET-O190 IA-tT 62 MST-89 6 °HL-b EL MSP-99 | N@e-ze 0022-S#02 ASHE “82 MLO-S9 | NOO-ze OSTI-0190 A-T€ L? ‘INNA TT 329A | MOT-S9 NT0-2E€ umda3tea | M9¢-49 | Noe-ze | 0€9T-009T | a-oe | sz] 40 midway between western and eastern North Atlantic bluefin populations. Six giant bluefin at Station 12 were the only eastern North Atlantic tunas of that species taken on the cruise; two were tagged and released. The remainder received de- tailed biological examination aboard the ves- sel. Giant bluefin occurred in waters of mean surface temperatures (61.0°-77.3° F.) ranging above those where medium and small blue- fin were caught (60.8°-62.8° F.). Yellowfin tuna were not found in any con- centrations but were noted to be taken only in warmer waters (68.99-78.1° F. surface temperature). The larger yellowfin (over 100 pounds) generally appeared in waters of mean surface temperatures 69.0°-73.0° F., while the smaller fish (under 100 pounds) generally occurred in waters of mean surface temperatures 73.0°-77.3° F. Big-eyed tuna were not taken in large quantity but appeared scattered in small numbers throughout the cruise in waters of mean surface temperatures ranging from 58.5°to67.0°F. The vessel's big-eyed tuna catch in the vicinity of the Azores reflected the catches by the Azorean live-bait tuna fishery which was in season at the time. Significant differences in catch composi- tion were noted between day and night sets of long-line gear. Twenty-seven swordfish (Xiphias gladius) were taken exclusively on night sets. A catch of 18 swordfish from 420 hooks on June 8 at the mouth of Oceanographer Canyon (130 miles southeast of Cape Cod) indicated an abundance of those fish in an area farther east than that in which the ves- sels of the new commercial long-line fishery were operating at that time. This informa- tion was promptly transmitted to United States long-line vessels within radio range. One swordfish was multiple-tagged with seven dart-type plastic tags. While the night tuna catch showed little or no change from day sets, the blue shark catch (Prionace lauca) was considerably higher. No shark damage to the tuna or swordfish was encoun- tered on those sets. Other species of particular scientific in- terest taken by long-line included the long- nose lancetfish (Alepisaurus ferox), the short- nose lancetfish (A. brevirostris), the pelagic ray (Dasyatis sp.), the dolphin (Coryphaena COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 lanceolata), the white marlin (Makaira albida), a snake mackerel (Gempylidae), the opah (Lampris regius), the mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus), the whitetip shark (Carcharhinus Iongimanus), the sickle shark (C. falciformis), the dusky shark (C. obscurus), and the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvieri). As a supplement to long-line fishing data and specimen examination, 208 bathytherm- ograph casts were taken, 4 midwater-trawl tows and 14 dipnet-night light stations were made, vertical plankton hauls and Van Doren water hauls to sample chlorophyl levels were taken at each long-line station. Blood sam- ples from 57 specimens of tuna and swordfish were collected and shipped to the Bureau's subpopulation study program at the Honolulu Biological Laboratory in Hawaii. Three hydrographic transects across the Gulf Stream by the Bureau's research vessel Geronimo from the Biological Laboratory at Washington, D.C., preceded the arrival of the Delaware in the area east of Cape Hatteras and Cape May. Data from those transects assisted in locating several long-line stations in desirable thermal conditions. In cooperation with other institutions, materials for further study were collected as follows during this cruise: tuna skeletons for studies on the comparative anatomy and systematics of the tunas of genus Thunnus at the Bureau's Ichthyological Laboratory in Washington, D.C.; marlins, squids, and octopi for the University of Miami Marine Labora- tory; bathpelagic fishes for the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University; hearts of sharks and tunas for arteriosclerosis studies at Centre d'Etude des Maladies des Arteres Coronaires, Brussels, Belgium; flying fish and shark remoras for the U.S. National Museum; sauries for the Scripps Institution of Oceanography; parasitic cope- pods of tuna and shark for the Department of Biology, Boston University; and tuna par- asites for the Federal Institute for Fisheries Research at Hamburg-Altona, Germany. Two port calls at Ponta Delgada, Azores, and one call at the U. S. Naval Station, Ber- muda, were made for bunkering fuel, food and water, and exchanging scientific personnel. Scientific personnel aboard the Delaware during this cruise included guest cooperators from Canada, Norway, Madeira, Portugal, West Germany, and the United States. hippurus), the sharp-tailed sunfish (Mola Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1963 p. 38. Exit S August 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 41 North Atlantic Fisheries Investigations SURVEY OF SEA SCALLOP POPULATION ON GEORGES BANK: M/V “Albatross IV" Cruise 63-3 (June 10- 13, 1963): To collect samples to determine the average size and age of the sea scallop population on the western part of Georges Bank was the main purpose of this cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research vessel Albatross IV. The cruise was divided into two parts. During the first half of the survey, 65 stations were occupied, and during the second half, 96 stations were sampled. A 10-foot scallop dredge with a 2-inch ring bag was used at all stations. The gear handled easily and efficiently over the stern ramp of the Alba- tross IV. Hydrographic data were collected at each station and at hourly intervals while steaming. The Bureau's newest research vessel during Cruise 63-1 (May 13-17, 1963) col- lected quantitative samples of sea scallops from the western side of Georges Bank. Only 65 stations were occupied with the 10- foot scallop dredge because of a mechanical breakdown in the gantry used for setting and retrieving the dredge. During Cruise 63-2 (May 25-June 6, 1963), the Albatross IV pro- ceeded to Washington, D.C., to show the vessel to interested groups and the general public. On its return trip from Washington, D.C., to Woods Hole, Mass., the vessel dem- onstrated the collection of fisheries and hydrographic data to the press. eo Se North Carolina FISHERY LANDINGS, 1962: Landings of fish and shellfish in North Carolina during 1962 amounted to 174.3 mil- lion pounds, 102.3 million pounds (37 per- cent) below 1961. The production of food fish was 6 percent above the previous year, but excluding alewives, landings of the more valuable species were less than in any year since the program for collecting monthly landings data began in 1955. Shellfish pro- duction declined 6 percent below 1961. The 1962 catch of hard blue crabs (12.2 million pounds) was 23 percent less than in 1961--the highest production year on record for that species. The crab meat market was fairly good throughout the year, but a low meat yield for the greater part of 1962 reduced profits somewhat. Soft blue crab landings were Slightly lower than in 1961. Shrimp landings in 1962 amounted to 5.8 million pounds (heads-on), anincrease of 2.8 million pounds over 1961. However, the 1962 shrimp catch was lower than the average for recent years. Menhaden Alewives Blue crabs Shrimp (heads-on) Haul Seine Mullet = Gray sea ae : trout Flounders Croaker Other Million 4 rn pounds 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 421123 North Carolina landings of certain fish and shellfish, 1962. The landings of menhaden and thread her- ring used for reduction into fish meal, oil, and solubles were down 46 percent below the previous year. The menhaden catch dropped 99 million pounds (45 percent) and no thread herring was landed in 1962. Although more vessels operated in the fall menhaden fishery, the weather for a period of 3 successive weeks during November and December was too windy for vessels to leave the docks. The 1962 price of fish meal was somewhat better than in 1961, and the oil price was stronger by the end of the season. Sea bass landings (1.3 million pounds) in 1962 increased 103 percent as compared with 1961. The greater portion of those landings was taken by otter trawls. The 1962 oyster production of 961,000 pounds was down 20 percent. Approximately three-fourths of the decline was in the Pam- lico Sound area, where oysters are normally more abundant. Prices were high for both shell and shucked oysters throughout the year. 42 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW North Pacific Exploratory Fishery Program "OFF-BOTTOM" TRAWLING INVESTIGATED: M/V “John N. Cobb™ Cruise 59: To de- velop techniques of fishing trawls just off the bottom, and also evaluate the fish catch- ing efficiency of "off-bottom'' trawls com- pared to that of conventional 'on-bottom" otter trawls were the primary objectives of a 4-week cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel John N. Cobb. A secondary objective was to Iocate grounds suitable for conventional bot- tom trawling in rocky regions now avoided by commercial fishermen. The cruise was completed on May 31, 1963, when the vessel returned to its base in Seattle, Wash. The first week of the cruise was devoted to modifying a pelagic trawl and an Eastern bottom trawl for "off-bottom"' fishing. This was accomplished by adding additional floats to the head ropes and rib lines, and hanging sash weights at the ends of 1-fathom droppers from the wings of each net. The efficiency of the 2 off-bottom trawls was compared to that of the standard East- ern on-bottom trawl during the middle 2 weeks of the cruise by making hauls with the different trawls over the same grounds. A total of 32 sets was made--12 with the off- bottom pelagic trawl, 10 with the off-bottom Eastern trawl, and 10 with the on-bottom Eastern trawl. Catches of fish with the off- bottom trawls were smaller than with on- bottom trawls. The average catch per hour of trawling with the on-bottom gear was 1,816 pounds; with the off-bottom pelagic trawl, 190 pounds; and with the off-bottom Eastern trawl, 142 pounds. The off-bottom catches were characterized by a dominance of rockfish and other roundfish, and an ab- sence of flatfish, sharks, and skates. About 99 percent of the off-bottom pelagic trawl catch and 78 percent of the off-bottom East- ern trawl catch consisted of rockfish and other roundfish, compared to 48 percent in the on-bottom Eastern trawl. Species most often caught in the off-bottom trawls were Pacific ocean perch (Sebastodes alutus), yellow -tailed rockfish (Sebastodes flavidus), whiting (Theragra chalcogrammus), and Pacific hake (Merluccius productus). During the last week of the cruise, preci- sion echo-sounding surveys were made to WiC] AZO Re NOR determine if trawlable grounds existed in certain rocky regions offthe Washington coast. Only a few new fishing areas were found and they were too small to be of use to the com- mercial fleet. But in 1 locality, a known area was expanded into a longer tow about 8 miles long. HK HK OK Ok ok ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF ALBACORE TUNA AND OTHER PELAGIC SPECIES TO BE STUDIED: M/V “John N. Cobb” Cruise 60 (July 8- 28, 1963): To obtain information on the re- lative abundance and distribution of albacore tuna and other pelagic species of fish is the primary objective of this cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel John N. Cobb. The area to be investigated covers the waters between 48° and 42° N. latitude and seaward to 130° W. longitude. Oceanographic data, including salinity, oxygen, and chlorophyl determina- tions also are to be obtained during the sur- vey. 2, ANY VANCOUVER 1. >) 0 | « =e Trolling is the primary method to be used for catching albacore. Any albacore taken in suitable condition is to be tagged, measured, August 1963 and released. Information on albacore catches is to be broadcast by radio to the commercial fishing fleet. Night-lighting sta- tions will be conducted to make observations of marine life and forage organisms. In cooperation with personnel from Scripps Institution of Oceanography (La Jolla) and the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries (San Diego), standard oceanographic stations are to be occupied daily along the track line. Oceanography | KEEL LAID FOR RESEARCH VESSEL 'OCEANOGRAPHER:" On July 22, 1963, keel-laying ceremonies were held for the first of two Class I Ocean- ographic Survey Ships to be built at a ship- yard in Jacksonville, Fla., for the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. The vessel, to be known as the Oceano- grapher, will be the largest ever built in the United States for the express purpose of deep-sea oceanographic survey and research work. It will be 303 feet long, with 52-foot beam, and a loaded displacement tonnage of approximately 3,800 tons. Of welded steel construction, with Diesel-electric twin-screw propulsion, it will have a service speed of 16 knots and a cruising range of 16,000 nau- tical miles. The main propulsion and principal auxil- iary machinery and associated equipment will be automated by a centralized engine - room control system. A unique feature of the system is the use of a computer in the control section. This means additional auto- mated functions can be incorporated in the future. The computer will also be available to process scientific information. The Oceanographer will be strengthened for navigation in ice and will have extensive specialized electronic and mechanical equip- ment for oceanographic, meteorological, and geophysical observations. All scientific working areas will be air conditioned and served by interconnecting wireway trunks and communication facilities. Running vertically through the vessel will be a center well through which experimental equipment can be lowered, and which can COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 43 serve as a comfortable entrance and exit for SCUBA-diving explorers. Viewing ports be- low the waterline in the bow will permit under- water observations. Laboratory space of over 4,100 square feet will be provided. The vessel will be built to carry a normal complement of 13 officers and 72 crewmen. It will have additional accommodations for as many as 20 scientists. (U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, July 22, 1963.) Sletisict eslet sie miat- 1K Ok ook OK ook NEW COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY RESEARCH VESSELS "PEIRCE" AND "WHITING" ENTER SERVICE: The new Class III Coastal Survey Vessel Whiting was commissioned by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey at New Orleans, La., on July 8, 1963. After the ceremony, the vessel sailed to Norfolk, Va., for outfitting before beginning its first assignment in Nantucket Sound. Artist's drawing of the Whiting, one of the new Coast and Geodetic Survey vessels. The Whiting is a sistership of the Peirce which was commissioned early in 1963. The Peirce was scheduled to begin its first hydro- graphic investigation off Charleston, S.C., in late July 1963. Part of that area has not been surveyed since the turn of the century. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, February 1963 p. 45 and November 1962 p. 36. NEW RESEARCH VESSEL COMMISSIONED FOR MIAMI UNIVERSITY: A new oceanographic research vessel for the University of Miami's Institute of Marine 44 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Science was commissioned on July 9, 1963. The vessel was named John Elliott Pillsbury in honor of an outstanding 19th century ocean- ographer who, between 1885 and 1890, made important observations and measurements of the velocity and structure of the Gulf Stream. The vessel was converted for oceanographic research from a surplus U.S. Army freight and supply vessel. She is 176.5 feet long, has a beam of 32 feet, a draft of 14 feet, and is powered by two 500 hp. Diesels. She is designed for a cruising speed of 12 knots, a top speed of 14 knots, and a cruising range of 2,500 miles. Equipment includes radio, radar, and a precision depth-recorder. The vessel is air conditioned throughout and has laboratories both above and below decks. An electro-hydraulic trawl winch, which will handle 12,500 meters (about 42,000 feet) of tapered cable, has been installed. This winch will be used for deep-water trawling, dredging, and photography and is capable of taking cores from the bottom at a depth of seven miles below the surface. A hydrographic winch, utilizing 9,000 meters (about 30,000 feet) of wire cable, will be used for light trawls, for lowering ocean- ographic instruments and to take biological, geological, and water samples. This cable can be replaced by an electric cable used to lower electronic instruments to a depth of 1,000 meters (3,280 feet). A "wet" laboratory on deck will do the initial processing of samples before lowering to the main laboratory, below decks, where samples will be completely processed. A built-in cold-storage freezer will preserve deep-water cores that are not analyzed a- board ship. Forward of the main laboratory is the "hot'' lab where Carbon-14 tests can be made. This radioactive material is used for meas- uring the rate at which microscopic plankton plants produce organic material in the ocean. Below the main laboratory are the trans- ducers used for echo-sounding. In order to minimize the effect of engine and shipboard noise and to provide the highest degree of accuracy in echo-sounding data, the sensitive transducers can be lowered on stainless steel columns to a point 12 feet below the bottom of the hull. The precision echo-sounding apparatus is capable of obtaining highly ac- Vol. 25, No. 8 curate profiles of the ocean floor and its sub- bottom structure. The vessel will be used principally in off- shore waters from Miami south through the Caribbean to Brazil, and east to West Africa. Her first oceanographic cruise will be as a participant in EQUALANT II, an international survey of the Equatorial Atlantic. Later in 1963, she will be used in an in- vestigation of a little-known topographic fea- ture of the deep sea bottom known as the a- byssal hills. This study will include the tak- ing of bottom cores of preglacial sediments to further our knowledge of changing conditions throughout the Pleistocene epoch. Future work of the vessel will include: current measurements, deep-sea coring for paleo temperatures, deep-sea collecting of biological specimens, collecting of specimens for studies of the life histories of the bill- fishes and other pelagic fishes, and other oceanographic functions. (News of Institute of Marine Science, June 21, 1963.) 502) ae rOn wl K ok Kk ok Ok SEA FLOOR TO BE STUDIED: The Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami, has received a research grant of $230,000 for a one-year study of the deep-sea bottom in the Atlantic and Caribbean. A major purpose of the deep-sea project is to learn more about the origin, composition, and topography of the abyssal hills. Little is known of the nature of those hills, which av- erage about 1,200 feet high and cover about half of the entire ocean floor. Nothing is known of their origin. Some geologists sus- pect that the hills may have been formed by the deeper oceanic crust, which will also be studied by the University of Miami investi- gators. The scientist in charge of the study stated that engineering and other technological prob- lems have barred effective study of the abyss- al hills in the past. ''They are too small to be studied by the seismic refraction techniques currently used,'' he said. ''Many are so steep that it is difficult to determine their shape by echo-sounders. Furthermore, until recently, an individual hill could rarely if ever be re- visited since navigation techniques were too slow and unprecise. Now, taut wire buoys are relatively simple to install and bottom August 1963 sampling devices can be more reliably locat- ed on selected parts of the sea floor." Operating from the Institute's newly-con- verted research vessel John E. Pillsbury, scientists will investigate in detail some "typical'' abyssal hill fields between Bermu- da and Puerto Rico. The distribution of hills within selected areas will be studied andthe shapes of certain individual hills investigated in detail with a view to mapping their topog- raphy. Through the use of coring devices which sink into the bottom and capture sedi- ments, the composition of hills and surround- ing areas will be studied. Investigators will also attempt to obtain deep-sea cores of undisturbed sediments ex- tending back a million years to preglacial periods. Thorough analysis of such cores could reveal the pattern of changing condi- tions through the Pleistocene geologic epoch and thus provide an invaluable frame of ref- erence for the whole field of Pleistocene science. One of the best places to obtain such cores--which will be some 60 feet in length--is in certain areas of the Caribbean. (News of Institute of Marine Science, June 5, CTS.) a ee ee tiene ane UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI ADDS NEW RESEARCH AND TRAINING UNIT: Early in 1963, a Division of Marine Tech- nology was established by the Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami. The new division will train oceanographic engi- neers and will perform research and devel- opment in many areas of marine technology. The new unit has already received contracts for projects ranging from antisubmarine warfare systems to studies of the effects of high-speed erosion upon the antifouling coat- ings of hydrofoils. The curriculum of the Division of Marine Technology, when taken along with regular graduate physics or engineering courses, will provide students with a sophisticated approach to problems of oceanographic in- strumentation, deep-sea drilling, underwater photography and television, underwater war- fare systems, navigational systems, instru- mented buoys, manned or unmanned submers - ibles, pollution, fouling and corrosion, and related fields. It includes regular graduate courses in general oceanography, in its physical, chemical, geological, and biological COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 45 aspects, and special courses in physical o- ceanography. Students will acquire practical experience through time spent at sea aboard Institute of Marine Science research vessels as members of staff research teams. Aseries of seminars on such subjects as underwater sound, fluid mechanics, mass and heat trans - fer, instrumentation, military requirements in underwater warfare, will also be offered. The faculty of the new division is drawn from over 150 scientists engaged at the Institute in all branches of oceanographic research. The Division of Marine Technology does not represent an entirely new activity for the University of Miami. For several years, the University's Institute of Marine Science has been engaged in research in underwater a- coustics. Staff members have also invented a number of oceanographic instruments and devices, including large deep-sea sterile samplers for microbiological use; a portable laboratory for transfer to and from seagoing ships; a 2-ton deep-sea water sampler; a cur- rent-measuring device and various biological sampling devices and net-metering recorders. Facilities for the initial operations of the new division are already available at the In- stitute on Virginia Key, Miami, Fla. The 178-foot research vessel John E. Pillsbury has recently been added to the Institute's sea- going facilities. Additional laboratory, work- shop, and lecture space will be provided through cooperation with the School of Engi- neering and through buildings soon to be erected. (News of Institute of Marine Science, June 5, 1963.) — Oysters MARYLAND OBSERVATIONS FOR 1963: Information on oyster growth and allied data will again be issued this year in a series of mimeographed oyster re- ports issued each year by the Chesapeake Biological Lab- oratory at Solomons, Md. Information on the summer spat~ fall, fouling of shells, oyster growth and condition, oyster mortality, hydrographic conditions, and general biological information will be included, Observations by staff biolo- gists of the Institute and of the Department of Tidewater Fisheries, by the laboratories of the U. S, Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries, by the Virginia Institute of Marine Sci- ence, by members of the industry and others will be drawn upon for pertinent material when available. The following are excerpts from Bulletin No. 1 of June 24, 1963: The 1962 Spatfall: Last September's bulletin summa~ rized the spat counts to that date on test shells exposed dur- ing 1962 at various locations in Maryland. At most stations little additional spatfall occurred except a continuation of the light fall set in the Patuxent and a few scattered spat in 46 Holland Straits and Tar Bay. As previously reported, test shells indicated a good initial set at the southern entrance to Holland Straits, in Hooper Straits, in Tar Bay, at Barren Island, Punch Island Creek and Seminary Bar in St. Marys. Since test shells only remain overboard for one week, the counts on them represent a potential set of seed oysters but not the surviving set. The newly attached spat are ex- tremely small. Most of them are visible only under a micro- scope and they are easily killed by a light film of silt, being overgrown by other animals, grazing by mud snails, inva- sion by oyster leeches, attack by drills, and physical crowd- ing out by other spat when numbers per shell are high. Test shells indicate the time and relative intensity of oyster spat- fall and of fouling organisms that interfere with oyster set- ting in addition to showing the progress of setting during the season, In order to evaluate the surviving set at the end of the growing season, a survey of planted shells, seed, and natu- ral bar material is conducted jointly by laboratory and tide- water fishery personnel during the fall and early winter. To do this, random half bushel samples of bar material are tak- en and all spat, oysters, and other material counted or meas- ured, Some shells designed for seed production did not catch enough spat to justify using it as seed this year. However, the seed areas all have a history of good setting and should receive additional good future sets unless fouling on the year-old shells becomes excessive. Except where oyster drills are present or bottom is mar- ginal, seed with a count as low as 350 per bushel can pro- duce approximately one bushel of marketable oysters for each bushel of seed in 2 to 3 years on good bottom in most of Maryland’s Chesapeake oyster growing area, Counts of 1,000 or more are considered high-quality seed. The counts taken are representative of the top shells or the seed that would be caught at the beginning of transplant- ing. As shells are caught the underneath ones form a larger part of the catch. These have fewer spat and a greater pro- portion will be completely buried and blank so that the aver- age count will fall steadily as the seed is harvested. The proportion of the planted shells that can be utilized for seed is difficult to predict. Ona hard shell bottom where none of the planted shells become buried, the harvest can approach 100 percent where the layer of shells is not more than a few inches thick. On a soft bottom more than half of the planted shells may be buried and produce no spat but will serve to form a support for future plantings so that the percent of harvestable shells will increase each year that the area is replanted until 100 percent may eventually be approached provided the bottom is not broken and the old shells that form the foundation are not disturbed, Research shows that chemical controls and metal fences offer ways to check crabs, drills, and starfish--the principal enemies of oysters. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 Some bottoms with high-setting potential are so located that they hold shells up well in normal weather but in excep- tional storms may shift so that the shells become packed in the bottom and cannot easily be removed, The attached spat may be partially killed but those on the upper shell margins sometimes are able to make good growth so that they later become more easily caught as they reach above the bottom. Bottoms of this nature are more useful for seed purposes when the new set can be transplanted during the fall before the period of heavy winter winds. Included in the observations are counts on cultch of natu- ral bars in the upper Bay, Chester River, West side of Bay, Potomac and the upper portion of other major tributaries that were not shelled because their past record of spatfall has been too low to justify shelling. Such areas require plantings of seed and are included to show their low poten- tial as spat producers, Spat are never uniformly distributed and occasional fail- ures occur even in areas that normally have high sets. In general, 1962 was a better than average setting year and most State shell plantings received satisfactory sets. The careful selection of areas for shelling and the timing of planting so that little fouling occurred before the time of spatfall both contributed greatly to the excellent average success of State shell plantings in 1962. In the bulletin of July 26, 1961, all of the recognized causes of oyster mortal- ity in Maryland were reviewed and copies of that bulletin still are available upon request. The winter of 1962/63 was accompanied by the heaviest so-called ‘‘Winter Kill’’ that we have observed, Many natu- ral bars suffered little loss but in some instances, especial- ly on thickly planted beds on poor-quality bottom, samples taken by biologists of the Department of Tidewater Fisheries and of the laboratory at Solomons were found to contain from 5 to as high as 30 percent dead oysters with meats dur- ing mid- March before water temperatures had risen enough to cause rapid decomposition. In addition to the dead oys- ters or ‘‘gapers,’’ there were many recent ‘‘boxes’’ (pairs of empty shells) that contained few fouling organisms and probably also represented oysters that had died during the winter season, Samples of these gapers, together with live oysters from the same beds, were examined at the laboratory for the par- asite ‘‘MSX’’ but this was not found in any of them. The oys- ters were not cultured at this time for the fungus Dermocys- tidium since this parasite virtually disappears during the winter months. The living and dead oysters from the badly affected beds were extremely thin and in poor condition. None of the deaths appeared to be directly due to any of the known predators and parasites that sometimes cause serious oyster losses in this area, Like other animals, oysters may die from a combination of unfavorable circumstances or ‘‘stress’’ that weakens them to the point where they can be overcome by factors that acting alone normally would not kill them, While much remains to be learned, the following factors are known that contributed greatly to the unusually poor condition of many oysters last season. During 1962 water temperatures were unusually high from the end of April through June and salinities rose to above normal from late May on. This resulted in the earli- est appearance of the fungus Dermocystidium that we have recorded and by July a very high percentage of oysters in the area from Solomons down were found to be infected with some samples containing as high as 85 percent infected oysters. However, from June on the summer was quite cool so that below normal water temperatures slowed down de- velopment of the fungus. This generally prevented buildup of the parasite in an infected oyster to the point where the oyster would die. Thus losses from the fungus that normal- ly occur in late summer and early fall were less than usual in 1962 although a few substantial losses did occur where oysters were crowded, However, the many oysters that sur- August 1963 vived the fungus infection had not been able to fatten as well as uninfected oysters and were in a weakened condition at the end of the summer. This was an important factor in the exceptionally poor condition in which many oysters were found at the beginning of the 1962 fall oyster season. A near record drought occurred last year from July through October. This resulted in fewer nutrient salts from the land reaching the Bay and thus there was a reduced bloom last fall of the tiny plants in the water upon which oys- ters feed. This was a second factor that, by reducing nor- mal fall fattening, caused many oysters, except in areas far upstream, to enter the winter in very poor condition. That the winter of 1962/63 was one of the longest and most severe for many years is well-known, In early Decem- ber, water temperatures dropped well below the point at which oysters cease to feed and remained there continuous~ ly until mid-March. Oysters need to draw upon food stored in their body tissues when they are unable to feed, While this withdrawal is slow at low temperatures it still produces a steady decline in oyster condition or ‘‘fatness’’ during the winter as long as temperatures continue low, The unusual 1962/63 winter drain on the oysters' condition was a third factor to cause many oysters to become dangerously weak- ened towards the end of the winter. Oysters that are in good condition and healthy are sel- dom directly killed by cold temperatures, Even when ex- posed to air and frozen they do not die unless jarred before they thaw. Certain microorganisms are present in oysters that cause them no apparent harm while the oysters are vig- orous but these microorganisms increase in numbers when oysters become weakened or undergo unusual stress and may then become one of the factors leading to the oyster’s death. Thus the losses last winter probably resulted from the combined stress of many factors, both physical and bi- ological rather than the result of attack by a single specific organism, During the spring of 1963 oysters have fattened rapidly. We have no reports of recent mortalities and oysters ap- pear to have entered the spawning season this year in ex- cellent condition in most Maryland areas. Setting in 1963: The water this spring was cooler than normal so that temperatures at which oyster spawning oc- curs were not reached until about the end of May in most Maryland areas. A cool June then has delayed the sus- tained high-water temperatures that are needed for vigor- ous Spawning and, since the larvae swim for about two weeks before setting, the start of setting can be expected to be later than usual this year. Bags of test shells in most areas were first put over a- bout the middle of June. These consist of small chicken wire bags each containing 25 clean oyster shells, They are removed and replaced by fresh ones weekly, The locations covered have been expanded through the use of additional help supplied by the Department of Tidewater Fisheries, In general, seed areas or potential seed areas are the pri- mary ones being studied. The first groups of exposed shells were taken up in mid-June 1963 at a few stations and full-scale sampling was under way by the last week in June. Among 12 sta- tions from which shells were examined, only a single spat has been found. This was from the upper part of the Little Choptank and appeared to have set about the middle of the week of June 16-22. Counts for most areas, however, had not yet been made, As additional data accumulate they will be reported periodically together with other informa- tion of interest. For more detailed data and a copy of the July 26, 1961 bulletin on causes of oyster mortality in Maryland, write to: Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Natural Resources Institute, University of Maryland, Solomons, Md. = COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 47 Pesticides INTERIOR DEPARTMENT FAVORS RE- SEARCH TO DEVELOP NEW COMPOUNDS: Proposed Federal legislation designed to promote the discovery and development of effective new pesticides which would be free of the hazards accompanying the use of many formulations now available has the support of the U.S. Department of the Interior. In re- ports submitted at the request of the United States Congress, the Department emphasized the need for expanded research in pesticides and evaluation of such materials. The Department cited the report of the President's Science Advisory Committee on the ''Use of Pesticides,'' which points out the necessity to discover the effect pesticides have "on the food chain of which every animal is part, and to determine possible pathways through which accumulated, and in some cases, magnified pesticide residues can find their way directly or indirectly to wildlife and to man.'' The Department stressed the desir- ability of acquainting the public with informa- tion acquired through pesticide research. The pending legislation would be extremely helpful in extending urgently needed authorities and in providing more definitive guidelines in carrying out the Government's pesticide re- search program. The legislation, according to the Depart- ment, "is not intended to be an enforcement measure or a means of regulating industry; rather it is designed to disseminate informa- tion to the general public and to promote more adequate and efficient research programs for the benefit of every one. "Up to the present time," the Department added, "it has been the practice of the chem- ical industry to test new compounds upon re- latively few forms of plant and animal life. These studies have not included tests upon indicator species of wild fishes, birds, mam- mals and food organisms to ascertain whether the compound poses hazards to such creatures in treated areas. "The rapid expansion in the use of chem- icals in all aspects for present-day living demand the closest cooperation and under- standing among the various interested gov- ernmental agencies and the chemical industry. Chemicals essential to the health and com- fort of the people, the maintenance of a safe 48 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW and adequate food supply, and the preserva- tion of our natural resources, must be used intelligently and with full consideration of the possible adverse effects upon humans, domestic animals, and the Nation's fish and widlife resources." To achieve this, the Department said, "there must be continuous communication of plans and ideas between the scientists who point the way and the administrators who interpret new knowledge and place such knowledge in everyday use. "This Department has long recognized that many situations involving losses to fish and wildlife following the application of in- secticides, fungicides, rodenticides, and other pesticides are due to a lack of knowl- edge concerning ecological relationships and lack of information on the toxic effects of such formulation upon birds, fishes and mammals, andfood organisms inareas where the pesticides are used. Because of their high toxicity, lack of specificity, stable re- sidual properties, and biological magnifica- tion resulting from their tendency to accu- mulate in food organisms, a number of pes- ticidal chemicals now used pose unavoidable hazards. These can best be avoided by the discovery, development, and substitution of new materials which are highly specific in their effects and readily broken down in na- ture. The proposed Federal legislation author- izes the construction and operation of neces- sary facilities, pesticide evaluation pro- grams, and the wide distribution of informa- tion discovered as the result of the research programs. “s gees ae — 2 tS et Salmon COLUMBIA RIVER CHINOOK MARKING PROJECT: In the Columbia River area on the Pa- cific Coast, an effort is being made to meas- ure the contribution to sport and commercial fisheries of hatchery-reared fall chinook salmon from 13 installations operated by the States of Oregon and Washington and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Under the Fed- erally-financed program, nearly 2 million chinook fingerlings were marked and re- leased from Oregon hatcheries in 1963. Vol. 25, No. 8 The young fish were fin-clipped in a par- ticular manner to assure their identification either when they return to spawn or are re- covered in the offshore and Columbia River fisheries. Most of the survivors will return to spawn in the fall of 1965 as three-year- olds or in 1966 as four-year fish. The 1963 fin-clipping project marks the second year of a proposed four-year evalua- tion program. (Fish Commission of Oregon, July 2, 1963.) = =a or Shad EFFORT TO REESTABLISH IN SUSQUEHANNA RIVER: Eggs from West Coast shad in the Colum- bia River are being airlifted to Pennsylvania's Susquehanna River. It is expected that some 10 million eggs can be transferred to the upper Susquehanna from the apparently large Columbia River shad run in 1963. Shad pre- sently occur in the Susquehanna, but four power dams, the first built in 1910, prevent their migration to upstream spawning grounds. This year's replanting efforts are an experi- ment to determine if water quality is such that shad can now survive in the upper Sus- quehanna. Results of the study may lead to the construction of fish passage facilities over the dams and eventual reestablishment of major shad runs. Unseasonably cold water in eastern rivers prevented development of mature roe in At- lantic populations that might otherwise have provided eggs for the project. It is believed that shad of the Columbia River, having a- dapted to long up-river migrations, will move far up the Susquehanna to use Spawning areas not now supporting the species. Transplanting the shad has been aided by advanced techniques of fertilization, the use of oxygen-filled plastic shipping containers, styrofoam insulated packaging, and fast air transportation. The eggs arrive in theirnew Susquehanna home within 24 hours after leav- ing the Columbia River. The present airlift completes a historical round trip for a fish whose origin is the rivers of the Atlantic Coast. The shad was introduced into the Sacramento River from the East in 1871. It soon became well established and is now an important commercial and sport species on August 1963 the Columbia and elsewhere along the Pa- cific Coast. Technicians from the Oregon Fish Com- mission, the Washington Department of Fish- eries, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service are aiding the Assistant Director of the Pennsylvania Fish Commission in taking the eggs from the Washougal reef area in the Columbia River above Portland, Oreg., for the conservation effort. The program, ad- ministered by the Federal Agency in con- junction with the States of Maryland, Penn- sylvania, and New York, is being financed by eastern power companies. _ he Shrimp ARTIFICIAL CULTIVATION OF PINK SHRIMP FROM EGG TO ADULT: A graduate student at the Institute of Ma- rine Science, University of Miami, has suc- ceeded in rearing pink shrimp ina labora- tory from the egg through all intermediate stages to adult shrimp--something science has never before accomplished with that spe- cies. A related Asian species of shrimphas been successfully reared in Japan, but pre- vious attempts to rear the valuable com- mercial pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum) of Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico waters have failed. Refinement of the new pink shrimp- rearing techniques eventually may result in commercial shrimp culture ona large scale. Experimenters had previously learned that shrimp in the larval stage could be raised to maturity in protected tidal locations. (That method involved opening gates and al- lowing tidal waters to bring young shrimp into screened enclosures, where they were kept until they reached market size.) But culture in tidal waters was drastically lim- ited by the presence of larval forms of pred- atory species which eat shrimp larvae. E- liminating unwanted forms while keeping the shrimp has been a great problem--particu- larly since investigators have not always been sure which of the microscopic larvae represented various stages of shrimp and which represented predators. By laboratory rearing of shrimp through the early stages, the problem might be eliminated in future shrimp "farming." The successful experiment in shrimp rearing was aided greatly by earlier work COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 49 done by another Institute of Marine Science investigator who, in 1959 and 1960, succeeded in hatching shrimp eggs and keeping them a- live through their first six stages of larval development. The tiny shrimp died at that point, apparently due to lack of suitable food. The later stages of shrimp development had also been previously studied by observing specimens obtained from plankton nets. Fig. 1 - Larval pink shrimp were reared in compartmented trays. Shrimp were transferred daily to containers holding clean water. Now as a result of the new breakthrough in shrimp culture confirming and furthering previous work, scientists know all the stages that pink shrimp go through and can identify them. Lack of such knowledge has hampered investigators in their research on the life histories, migrations, and distribution of shrimp. In taking plankton samples, scientists were confronted by thousands of different min- ute larval forms of marine animals. More than a hundred different larval stages of shrimp alone are found in the Dry Tortugas area of the Gulf of Mexico, where extensive shrimp beds are located. Identification was difficult since researchers had previously been unable to observe a pink shrimp go through its many stages before maturity. In earlier attempts to rear shrimp, re- searchers had three major problems: (1) ob- 50 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW taining fertile eggs in good condition, (2) feeding the larval forms, and (3) keeping the tiny animals from becoming entangled infood or wastes while in laboratory containers. Fig. 2 - Shrimp biologist examines larval stage of pink shrimp through a binocular microscope. The present successful experiment was started by taking spawning females in try- net hauls off Key West, Fla. The shrimp were then transported overland to Miami in 50-gallon plastic cans. At the Institute of Marine Science, the ripe female shrimp were put individually in 15-gallon aquarium tanks. Several of the shrimp spawned within a few days, and the eggs settled on the bottom of the tanks like a fine white powder. Eggs were siphoned from the large tanks and placed in finger bowls containing filtered sea water. Many of the eggs hatched ina few hours, and specimens which survived the first critical stages of development were transferred to separate compartments of plastic trays where they could be studied individually through microscopes. Vol. 25, No. 8 Fig. 3 - An adult shrimp from which hatching eggs were obtained and reared to maturity. In the initial experiment, about 1,200 larval shrimp were divided into two groups; the first group was placed in Biscayne Bay water while the second group was kept in Gulf Stream water. Although the salinity and other meas- urable factors were the same for both envi- ronments, allshrimp in the Bay water died within a week, while 50 of those kept in Gulf | Stream water survived to post-larval stages, and 10 survived to maturity. (Many of the deaths resulted from experiments with tem- perature, food, and other laboratory-imposed variables, and some specimens in each stage were killed and preserved for detailed study.) The larval shrimp were observed constantly and all were transferred daily to trays con- taining clean, unused water. They were fed a mixed culture of diatoms, a marine yeast, and three kinds of 1-celled algae. (News of Institute of Marine Science, June 11, 1963.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, January 1963 p. 49; May 1960 p. 53. UNITED STATES SHRIMP SUPPLY INDICATORS, JUNE 1963: Item and Period | 1963 | 1962 | 1961 [ 1960 1959 slisiieliens (1,000 Lbs., Heads-Off)..... Total landings, So. Atl. and Gulf States: = 12,332 | 10,944) 20,441] 18,595 - | 12,283 | 10,500| 21,746| 17,493 (Table continued on next page) August 1963 = | Item and Period e 1963 [Seat efetsre 02,000) labseasHeads=Off)) si WES ocooooo0DOD 13,800] 11,316 8,233] 12,427] 14,547 Ma yaueueswevemea|| s1Os254 00 6S15i0|— 5!2:76i|) 1G,395)|| l6s8e5 January-April... .| 15,816] 14,619 | 17,521| 18,013 14,082| January~December = 05,779 | 91,396 }141,035/130,66 Sa = [Saanties canned, Gulf States 1/: WES 66000008 = 1,333 1,090 4,427| 2,228 Us ooo OOo D ‘| = 3,551 2,793 5,802 2,833 dN oob5c0ooD OG 4,770} 4,913 3,438 6,920 7,061 | May..........| 3,630] 1,794] 1,208] 1,461] 2,461 January-April... 900 831 317 653 566 January-Decembe = [ 23,210 14,500] 26,394] 22,659 + =: Frozen inventories (as of end of each mo.) 2/;| AUpuUstes eee. >) 12,754) 12,728] 20,171} 23,780 Jb; Bho o50Go000 rr 13,677] 14,849) 17,397) 22,352 TUDE BO poolos oo 3/ 13,796 | 19,416) 15,338) 19,283 May 31 4/......] 25,114] 13,904] 24,696] 17,540| 21,137 April 30 4/ .....] 24,954] 15,637] 27,492] 20,502] 23,331 March 31 4/ ... 27,970] 16,607] 31,345] 23,232] 24,893 Febuary 28 4/.. 28,039] 19,012 SHS 29,063} 27,555 = sr Imports 5/: POFOS? oo oneoo6 - 7,381| 6,743] 6,406| 5,107 UU, 6 6Oa5bboOO a 8,265 65635) 7,319 7,861 UES coodcodga6 3/ 9,397 8,065} 8,932 8,800 IMaiyameoneuons se repos |(selel), tel Ol| tals 221) |e 8h2i78\ ln OF902i| 0 Bs264 January-April... .[ 49,937] 43,383 | 40,825] 32,531 | 33,262 January~Decembe 5 [141,384 126,268/113,418 106,555 . +. (¢/lb., 26-30 Count, Heads- Off). . . Ex-vessel price, all species, So, Atl. & Gulf Ports: Septembeniay = 3 90.9 70.1 52,2 46.4 PXUGUISitaemeonsy site mane = 83.6 66.1 52.0 46.9 AIS oo oloreoee = 82.1 55.8 54.6 | 49.2 JUNCM Netley eevee [Ou f2—00) | 8404 Beh 64,1 60.7 Mayepeieieialscus + [6/80 -86 | 8347, 52.8 62.9 | 63.3 Aprilveemyele ss.2-|6//82=90) || 18222 55.4 60.6 | 65.2 March ....... .|6/ 85-92 | 80.9 56.0 56.3 | 67.6 Febuary ...... .|6/ 84-93 | 78.9 Jl 53.5 51.8 | 69.6 meen price froz, brown (5-lb, pkg.), Chicago, IIL: September .... = 113-118 ) 87-90 | 65-70 | 62-64 Aupustennsorn: = 110-112 | 76-91 | 64-67 | 62-64 dNc0-0 oo Ob zr 3/ 70-75 | 72-77 | 62-74 June Se toenans 95-102/102-104 | 67-72 | 76-77 | 73-74 Maya genevene rere os: 98-103] 96-103 | 67-69 | 74-77 | 70-76 April........./ 100-105] 94-97 | 69-70 | 74-75 | 75-82 March ........} 102-106] 94-95 | 69-71 | 65-68 | 81-83 February ......| 102-106| 93-95 | 69-71 | 65-67 | 82-87| 1/Pounds of headless shrimp determined by multiplying the number of standard cases by 30.3. The figures in the section (Quantity canned, Gulf States) have been completely revised beginning with February 1963 on the basis of a new conversion factor (formerly 33.0 pounds per case). 2/Raw headless only; excludes breaded, peeled and deveined, etc. 3/Not available. 4/Inventory of Feb, 28, 1963, includes 957,000 pounds; Mar. 31, 1963, includes 1,536,000 pounds; Apr. 30, 1963, includes 545,000 pounds; and May 31, 1963, in- cludes 544,000 pounds for firms not reporting previously. S/Includes fresh, frozen, canned, dried, and other shrimp products as reported by the Bureau of the Census. 6/Range in prices at Tampa, Fla.; Morgan City, La., area; Port Isabel and Brownsville, Texas, only. Note: Data for 1963 and 1962 are preliminary. June 1963 data estimated from informa- tion published daily by the New Orleans Fishery Market News Service. To convert shrimp to heads-on weight multiply by 1.68. South Carolina FISHERIES BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH PROGRESS, APRIL-JUNE 1963: The following is a report on the progress of biological research by the Bears Bluff Laboratories, Wadmalaw Island, S.C., for April-June 1963: COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 51 Oyster Studies: During April-June 1963, oyster work has largely been confined to map- ping of intertidal beds in the vicinity of Hilton Head. This was done in conjunction with the State's Division of Commercial Fisheries. At the request of that Division, State seed oyster beds were studied. The beds are lo- cated along the southern face of St. Helena Island. Detailed studies on the size of oysters and the density of population were made in that area in order to determine the number of bushels of seed oysters which could be re- moved without depleting the beds. In the upper reaches of the Toogoodoo River to the northwest of the Laboratory, a subtidal oyster bed was examined. Spat bas- kets placed on that bed indicated a light spat fall and the area was marked off for shell- cultch planting. This experimental planting will be carried out for the Laboratory by a Yonges Island canning company. Shrimp Studies: Brown shrimp postlarvae, which first showed up in quantity in experi- mental plankton tows during the middle of March, continued to enter inside waters through early May. The number of postlarvae was somewhat less than during 1962. This de- crease in postlarval shrimp is now being re- flected in the catch per-unit-of-effort of ju- venile and adult brown shrimp in Bears Bluff Laboratories' shrimp survey trawling at reg- ular stations in coastal waters. The unusually heavy rainfall which oc- curred during the last two weeks in June (over 9 inches at Bears Bluff) apparently brought about a seaward migration of much of the brown shrimp population from the creeks and rivers of the marshland areas. Commer- cial catches offshore increased greatly dur- ing that period but was expected to be only short-lived. A few large white "roe'' shrimp began to appear in offshore catches in late April and early May of this year. Unusual numbers of brown spotted shrimp were observed during May, and those shrimp were even more nu- merous than white shrimp at many locations. Postlarval white shrimp began to appear in plankton tows in late May and continued to enter inshore waters through June. These postlarvae were very scarce, but were ex- pected to increase in quantity by early July. Some brown spotted shrimp postlarvae also were taken in experimental plankton tows, 52 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW and it seems that this species will be more plentiful this year than usual Finfish Experimental Otter Trawling: Ex- perimental otter trawling at regular stations situated throughout the coastal area was con- tinued on schedule during the quarter. The catch per-unit-of-effort for croaker and blue crabs was slightly lower during Aprilthrough June of this year as compared with that pe- riod of 1962, but the decrease was so small that it is probably of little significance. Spot, however, were approximately 2.5 times less abundant in experimental trawling dur- ing the quarter as compared with that of last year. Also, both brown and white shrimp were considerably less numerous during the quarter. Pond Cultivation: The experimental shrimp ponds at Bears Bluff presumably are not heavily populated this season because of the scarcity of postlarval and juvenile brown shrimp. Thus, rather than drain the ponds for harvest as is usual during the latter part of June, the ponds will be unharvested until October. White shrimp, larval and juvenile, will be added in July and August. In April, the shrimp ponds were treated with rotenone to remove predaceous fishes. Further treatment will be given the ponds in August. To date supplemental food has not been added to any of the experimental ponds, but feeding with chopped fresh fish will begin in July. A small-scale feeding experiment was carried out on two groups of juvenile brown shrimp. One group was fed with chopped fish, the other was unfed. Results indicated that supplemental feeding reduces the mor- tality of the captive shrimp by over 50 per- cent. This experiment also indicated that the growth rate of shrimp under crowded conditions is slow despite feeding. KOK OK Ok ok FISHERY LANDINGS, 1962: During 1962, landings of fish and shellfish at South Carolina ports totaled 22.7 million pounds --an increase of 18 percent as com- pared with 1962. Finfish landings decreased from 8 million pounds in 1961 to 7.1 million pounds in 1962, while shellfish landings in- creased from 11.2 to 15.5 million pounds. The greater part of the increase was due to the recovery in the catch of shrimp--one of Vol. 25, No. 8 the mainstays in the economy of the State's fisheries. Increased catches of blue crabs also contributed to the greater volume of shellfish landed. Shrimp (heads -on) F Spot 1962 1961 pounds 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 South Carolina catch of certain species, 1962 and 1961. Food finfish landings in 1962 were about 11 percent less than in 1961, due primarily to poor beach-seine fishing in Horry County during the fall months. Mullet and spot were 3 to 4 weeks late in migrating along the shore and by the time the fish appeared, bad weather prevented fishing. Flounder landings in 1962 were up 40 percent compared with the pre- ceding year; however, king whiting landings decreased 18 percent, spot 10 percent, and sea bass, 17 percent. Shrimp landings in 1962 amounted to 6.5 million pounds (heads-on), a gain of 2.6 mil- lion pounds over 1961. Landings of brown shrimp in June, July, and August accounted for most of the gain. The average ex-vessel price for shrimp in 1962 was about 6 cents above that in 1961. Blue crab landings in 1962 amounting to 6.3 million pounds were up 1.7 million pounds or 36 percent from 1961. The catch was the second highest recorded in the last 30 years. - Most of the crabs taken by otter trawlers were Shipped to Georgia, while the pot and trot line crabs were processed in South Caro- lina. The oyster harvest of 2.7 million pounds in 1962 was up 5 percent from a year earlier. However, during the spring 1962 season, shucking plants experienced unsettled market conditions and low prices for the shucked product at a time the provisions of the new minimum wage law had to be met. These conditions caused many firms to close early in the spring season. eo) August 1963 Spearfish NEW SPECIES IDENTIFIED: The presence in Atlantic and Gulf coastal waters of a new species of billfish or spear- fish previously unknown to science has been established by biologists at the Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami. The fish was described by two scientists who have been conducting a worldwide study of marlins and other large marine fishes for several years. They have named the new species Tetrapturus pfluegeri in honor of the late Al Pflueger, Miami taxidermist and naturalist, who first recognized the presence of this fourth type of billfishin Florida waters. The new fish, whose common name is the longbill spearfish, has been occasionally caught over the years by anglers and was often inaccurately identified as either a sail- fish or a white marlin. The most obvious difference between the spearfish and other billfish is the size and shape of the dorsal fin, which in the spearfish is somewhat higher throughout most of its length than the dorsal fin of the white marlin, but not as high as the dorsal fin (or "'sail"') of the sailfish. Also, the dorsal fin of the spearfish is not spotted. Another difference is that the spearfish bill is shorter than the bill of either the sailfish or the white marlin. Very little is known about the habits, dis - tribution, or prevalence of the new species, although its identity is now known from Texas to Puerto Rico, and from Delaware to Ven- ezuela. Definite catch records are available on only 36 spearfish most of which were taken from the Gulf Stream off southeast Florida. It is a small species, as billfishes go. The largest one on record (taken off Miami Beach in 1958) was about 63 feet long and weighed about 68 pounds. The two investigators from the Institute of Marine Science were the first scientists to associate the new billfish with the spear- fish group. After a trip to the Mediterranean, they determined that the spearfish in western COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 53 Atlantic waters is not the same as the Medi- terranean spearfish. The success of the University of Miami bill- fish program--which has taken Institute of Marine Science specialists to Hawaii, New Zealand, Chile, Panama, Venezuela, the Med- iterranean, and other areas--depends toa great extent on the support and cooperation of anglers. A scientist said that, ''due to the help of sport fishermen, charter boat captains, taxidermists and others, we are learning much about pelagic fishes that might not otherwise have been learned for many yéars.'' (News of Tuna BLUEFIN TUNA TAGGED OFF CAPE COD RECAPTURED NEAR MARYLAND COAST: An early tag return from a bluefin tuna re- leased by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel Delaware was reported in a purse-seine catch 20 miles off Ocean City, Md. The tuna was released 150 miles southeast of Cape Cod on June 8, along with 28 others of the same species, and traveled 325 miles to the west before its re- capture by a commercial fishing vessel on June 27. Two plastic dart-type tags were re- covered out of three tags placed in the fish. The fish weighed 92 pounds and measured 54 inches (fork length). It has generally been believed that bluefin tuna off the edge of the Continental Shelf south of Cape Cod during the late spring of the year rapidly move into inshore areas to the north and east. These recently-tagged fish appear to have moved contrary to previous findings and suppositions. OK OOK OK OK OK BLUEFIN TUNA TAGGED OFF MEXICO RECAPTURED SOUTH OF JAPAN: A bluefin tuna tagged near Guadalupe Is- land, Mexico, was recovered 5 years and 80 days later in the western Pacific Ocean off the south coast of Japan on April 23, 1963. After it was tagged the fish traveled more than 6,000 miles. This recovery holds the record for the longest period that a tagged tuna of any species has been free. The tuna weighed about 35 pounds when tagged and re- leased in 1958 by a biologist of the Inter- 54 American Tropical Tuna Commission. It weighed in at 242 pounds (gutted and gilled) when recaptured. Fishery scientists consider this recapture of great importance because it provides knowledge that bluefin tuna of the easternand western Pacific apparently intermingle. The extent of intermingling, however, still re- mains to be determined. Earlier recoveries of tagged fish have confirmed the Pacific migration of other species of the tuna family. A 2,370-mile migration of analbacore from Hawaii to Japan was recordedin March1956. This followed the 1953 recapture near Tokyo of an albacore tagged off the California coast. Recoveries of bluefin tagged off the United States east coast and recovered in north European waters have demonstratedatrans-Atlantic migration for bluefin tuna. The newly recovered bluefin was very large if compared to the average weight of 20 to 40 pounds for a Pacific bluefin. Atlantic bluefin, however, are usually considerably larger, weighing sometimes up to 1,500 pounds. The bluefin is the largest species of tuna and is also known as an important game fish, as well as a commercially valuable species. Generally, it seems to prefer more temperate waters than its related species, the yellowfin and skipjack tuna. The extensive migrations of tunas have long been suspected by fishery biologists. The tagged fish provides the proof needed to trace their actual migrations. Many aspects of the biology of tunas are still unknown and much more remains to be learned about their habits and the sizes of the various tuna popu- lations. The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Com- mission is an international organization de- voted to research on the eastern Pacific tuna and their conservation. It was established in 1949 by the United States, Costa Rica, Panama, and Ecuador. INDUSTRY-GOVERNMENT MARKET PROMOTION: The United States tuna-canning industry, with the aid of two Federal Government agencies, launched "Operation Tuna" during the summer months of 1963, a multi-million COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 dollar promotional campaign to improve the marketing of canned tuna. Ina telegram to national food and allied trade associations, the U.S. Department of the Interior announced that it and the Department of Agriculture would actively cooperate with the tuna indus - try in this nationwide merchandising effort and urged that the trade associations also lend their force to the project. | It was announced that canned tuna would Ibe featured in Agriculture's August ''List of Foods in Plentiful Supply," the first time a fishery product was being featured in that De- partment's monthly bulletin. Canned tuna also was listed on the Food Stamp Plan for August. In addition, the Agriculture Depart- ment cooperated with the Interior Department in the distribution of promotional material through Agricultural marketing offices. The U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries developed the following promotional materials which are being used nationally: television slides and drop cards, and television and radio scripts adapted for public service announce- ments; two flyers; and food photographs for newspaper food editors. U. S. Fishing Vessels DOCUMENTATIONS ISSUED AND CANCELLED, MAY 1963: During May 1963, a total of 85 vessels of 5 net tons and over were issued first documents as fishing craft, as com- pared with 47 in May 1962. There were 42 documents can- celled for fishing vessels in May 1963 as compared with 31 in May 1962. and Cancelled, by Areas, May 1963 with Comparisons ie 1 - U.S. Fishing Vessels 1/--Documentations Issued Area Ma Jan.- May| Total (Home Port) 1963 11962 |1963 [1962 1962 Goupod (Number)...... Issued first documents 2/: New England........... 3 4 10 13] 28 Middle Atlantici ys ci cree ie. = 3 1 7 2 3 Chesapeake ewete-demelerenen: 8 4 17 16} 43 South Atlantic .......... 9 3 27 13| 47 GMb Go. O06 000 0-0 0)050O 31 10 97 38] 110 IPEVALEKO Gey OG ODO OO Ooo OO 30 25 17 62] 130 Greatiake swswenenemetel ciehet en. = = 2 3 5 Puerto Ric opmencnencnsaemeneie cis 1 = il = 2 GNM 6G 6.5 6.60 0,0 OU ADO 85 47 238 | 144] 368 r [see [Removed from heme New England..........-. 5 3 24 11) 24 MiddlejAtlantic 3000. 50) 1 5 22 24) 39 Chesapeake... 6 3 eos sow 4 1 10 6 23 South Atlantic ........++-. 8 1 27 16} 38 Gulignerwerciteieneislcheuem en Mei 13 12 55 46] 104 IZEVbBIC G5 GG 0 O1000.0-0.0.0.0 9 9 43 59} 111 (Table continued on next page) August 1963 Area (Home Port) Table 2 - U. S, Fishing Vessels--Documents Issued and Cancelled, by Tonnage Groups, May 1963 —_—_—— se Issued 2/ Cancelled 3/ Boo oo (Number)....... 14 18 36 12 10 4 2 3 5 = = 2 5 2 10 = BOOCBOD) oaccdoovavouddd 1 5 BLOBLO) oo oo obo ooOOdOOD 1 = 1 < hs SS =| 1/Includes both commercial and sport fishing craft. A vessel is defined as a craft of 5 net tons and over. 2/Includes 2 redocumented vessels in May 1963, previously removed from records. Vessels issued first documents as fishing craft were built: 55 in 1963; 6 in 1962; 4 in 1961; 2 in 1960; 1 in 1959; 1 in 1958; 1 in 1955; 1 in 1951; 13 prior to 1951; and 1 unknown. 3/Includes vessels reported lost, abandoned, forfeited, sold alien, etc. Source: Monthly Supplement to Merchant Vessels of the United States, Bureau of Cus- toms, U.S. Treasury Department. — Bt. S38 Es yk ES FISHERIES LOAN FUND LOANS AND OTHER FINANCIAL AID FOR VESSELS, APRIL 1-JUNE 30, 1963: From the beginning of the program in 1956 through June 30, 1963, a total of 1,268 applications for $34,599,601 have been re- ceived by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, the agency administering the Fed- eral Fisheries Loan Fund. Of those receiv- ed, 673 ($15,472,951) have been approved, 470 ($12,087,624) have been declined or found in- eligible, 147 ($5,957,099) have been with- drawn by applicants before being processed, and 8 ($303,544) are pending. Of the applica- tions approved, 267 were approved for a- mounts less than applied for, aggregating $1,648,027. Type of otter trawler used in offshore ocean perch fishery. This is one type of fishing vessel on which Fisheries Loan Fund loans are granted. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 55 The following loans were approved from April 1, 1963, through June 30, 1963: New England Area: All in Maine--Maynard A. Townsend, Boothbay, $6,100; Cleveland R. Barter, Jr., East Boothbay, $5,500; John Field, Monhegan Island, $2,000; Ronald F. Snow, Topsham, $5,500; Sigward W. Beckman, Vinal- haven, $3,500. California: Donald and Walter Ghera, Eureka, $7,500; Russell A. Wilson, Eureka, $24,000. Pacific Northwest Area: Edwin N. Good- rich, Astoria, Oreg., $22,000; Jerome S. Werschkul, Warrenton, Oreg., $16,907; Ludvig Furseth and Darold M. Mathisen, Seattle, Wash., $22,000; Gunnar M. Ildhuso, Seattle, Wash., $20,000. Alaska: Aaron W. Bauder, Anchorage, $6,500; Roy W. Allen, Haines, $790; John B. Child, Homer, $14,000; Edmond Allain, Ketch- ikan, $3,000. Hawaii: William Y. Hoy, Waianae, Oahu, $8,000. Under the Fishing Vessel Mortgage In- surance Program (also administered by the Bureau) during the second quarter of 1963, 6 applications to insure mortgages for $1,181,665 were received and commitments to insure mortgages in the amount of $248,004 on 6 fishing vessels were approved. Since the start of this program (June 5, 1960), 28 applications were received for $3,486,640. Of the total, 21 applications have been approved for $2,128,975. Seven applications for $1,357,665 are pending. Since the Mortgage Insurance Program began, applications re- ceived and approved by area are: New England Area: Received 10($1,025,365), approved 8 ($775,365). California: Received and approved 1 ($557,000). South Atlantic and Gulf Area: Received 12 ($436,729), approved 8 ($289,064). Pacific Northwest Area: Received 5 ($1,467,546), approved 4 ($507,546). In the Construction Differential Subsidy Program, 5 applications for $505,000 were received during the second quarter of 1963. 56 The first approval in this program was made in March 1961. The amount approved for subsidy represents about one-third the cost of a new vessel. Since the beginning of the program on June 12, 1960, 13 applications (excludes several ineligible applications) were received for $1,101,770, of which 6 ap- plications were approved for $546,103. Seven applications for $555,667 under this program are pending. se ose KOK ok OK OK "DAVID STARR JORDAN" WILL BE NEW RESEARCH VESSEL FOR PACIFIC INVESTIGATIONS: A $1,747,876 contract to build the David Starr Jordan as a research vessel for the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries has been awarded to a firm in Sturgeon Bay, Wis. The vessel is to be delivered by October 1964. It will be based at San Diego, Calif., and.used for tuna research and other fishery and oceanographic investigations in the Pa- cific Ocean. Named after the prominent ichthyologist and first president of Stanford University, the David Starr Jordan will replace the Black Douglas which is over 30 years old. The new vessel will be of welded steel construction with ranked stem and transom stern. It will have 2 partial decks below and 3 superstructure decks above the main deck. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW | members and 13 scientists. Vol. 25, No. 8 Specifications are: over-all length 171 feet, beam 32 feet, and draft 11 feet. Twin Diesel engines of 450 horsepower, each with con- trollable pitch propellers, will drive the ves- sel at 12 knots. It will be able to remain at sea more than 40 days and have a cruising range of more than 9,000 miles. The new vessel will be outfitted with radar and modern navigational and oceanographic equipment. It will be equipped with biological, hydrographic, and chemical laboratories, as well as a lead-lined storage area for radio- active material. More than a third of the vessel's enclosed area will be devoted to laboratories and scientific supporting equip- ment which will include a data-processing center. Another feature is a large enclosed room which will house a combination seine- trawl winch and a deep-dredge winch. There will be living and working space for 22 crew The David Starr Jordan will also have underwater observation stations similar to those on the recently com- pleted Albatross IV. Sel Sle ok Ok ook SHRIMP FISHING VESSELS AVERAGED CLOSE TO 52 FEET IN LENGTH IN 1961: United States vessels in the 1961 South Atlantic and Gulf shrimp fishing fleet of about 3,512 vessels ranged from 24 to 125 feet in length. The over-all average shrimp vessel was 49.5 feet. The average length for shrimp August 1963 vessels in the South Atlantic area was 43.8 feet, while in the Gulf the average was 51.9 feet. In 1961, there were 244 shrimp fishing vessels that fished both the South Atlantic and Gulf waters. These craft range from 32 to 71 feet in length, with the high point of the frequency occurring in the 51-foot class. During 1961, there were in the South At- lantic and Gulf fleet, 50 vessels of less than 30 feet, 640 ranging in length from 30 to 39 Fig. 2 - Typical shrimp trawlers docked at Tampa, Fla. feet, 1,000 vessels of 40-49 feet, 1,169 ves- sels 50-59 feet long (the high point of the frequency), 611 vessels of 60-69 feet, and 35 vessels of 70-99 feet. Only 7 vessels were 100 feet and over in length, with the longest measuring 125 feet. 3S OK OK OK CONVERTED YACHT NOW OLDEST FISHING VESSEL IN UNITED STATES: The oldest fishing vessel still active in the United States fisheries is the Virginia COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW o7 which was built as a luxury two-masted schooner yacht in 1865 at an Alabama ship- yard. Now, 98 years later, the Virginia is still active in the Gulf of Mexico. Her pre- sent owner predicts that a century hence the Virginia will still be seaworthy and active. r Fig. 1 - Virginia, a two-masted schooner (launched in 1865 on Fish River, Ala.) as it looked 25 years ago. The craft, with masts gone and otherwise changed, is now the oldest commer- cial fishing vessel in the United States commercial fishing fleet. Attention has been focused on the Virginia as the result of a study by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries to determine the age of the Nation's fishing fleet. The recently re- leased compilation listed the Alabama -built schooner as the most venerable. The Virginia began her commercial fish- ing career comparatively recently--in 1946-- after a 5-year turn as a charter boat for sport fishermen. Her long history before that was not part of the fleet-age study. The vessel now is based at Tampa, Fla., and her present owner purchased the craftin 1956. Those who have seen the boat in action in and out of Florida ports assert she is "strong as the Rock of Gibraltar.'' Her keel and ribs are black walnut and the planking is black cypress, two inches thick. 58 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Fig. 2 - Virginia was converted to a power craft 25 years ago. It is now based at Tampa, Fla., and operates in the Gulf of Mexico and nearby Atlantic Ocean. For nearly three-quarters of a century the Virginia traveled under sail. But 25 years ago the masts were removed and bunk facilities for 11 were taken out. A super- structure of combined pilothouse and cabin was installed along with an engine. The vessel has a gross tonnage of 14 and can carry 20,000 pounds of iced fish, although the usual cargo is about 5,000 pounds. She can stay at sea 30 days, but generally makes 20 fishing trips a year. Her occupants no longer are people ona pleasure trip, but a crew of 2 to 4 fishing for red snapper and grouper. The Virginia is known as a hand-liner because the catches are made by lines on hand-operated reels. One electric reel has been installed and the owner intends to re- place the other hand-operated reels in the near future. An automatic pilot, depth-re- corder, and fish-finder are also part of her modern equipment. U. S. Foreign Trade IMPORTS OF CANNED TUNA UNDER QUOTA: United States imports of tuna canned in brine during January 1-June 29, 1963, a- mounted to 22,414,914 pounds (about 1,067,400 std. cases), according to data compiled by the Bureau of Customs. This was 19.0 per- cent less than the 27,679,895 pounds (about 1,318,100 std. cases) imported during Jan- uary 1-June 30, 1962. Vol. 25, No. 8 United States imports of tuna canned in brine during January 1-June 1, 1963, amounted to 19,864,501 pounds (about 945,900 std. cases), according to data compiled by the Bureau of Customs. This was 11.0 percent less than the 22,325,162 pounds (about 1,063,100 std. cases) imported during January 1-June 2,1962. The quantity of tuna canned in brine which may be imported into the United States during the calendar year 1963 at the 123-percent rate of duty is limited to 63,130,642 pounds (or about 3,006,221 std. cases of 48 7-oz. cans). Any imports in excess of the quotaare dutiable at 25 percent ad valorem. TK OOK OK KS OK AIRBORNE IMPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS, JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1963: Airborne fishery imports into the United States in Janu- ary 1963 amounted to 1,133,400 pounds valued at $613,400, up 29.6 percent in quantity and 23.6 percent in value from those in the previous month, But in February 1963, shrimp shipments were cut back and airborne imports amounted to only 792,000 pounds valued at $420,600. Total airborne imports in January-February 1963 were up 53.6 percent in quantity and 90.9 percent in value from those in the same period of 1962. The increase was due mainly to larger shipments of shrimp and spiny lobsters. Raw headless shrimp continued to make up the bulk of the airborne shrimp imports--in January 1963, shipments consisted of 833,462 pounds of fresh or frozen raw headless, 114,343 pounds of frozen peeled and deveined, and 10,927 pounds of unclassified shrimp; in February 1963, shipments consisted of 613,349 pounds of fresh or frozen raw headless, 11,842 pounds of frozen peeled and deveined, and 17,366 pounds of unclassified shrimp. Approximately 90 percent of the total airborne shrimp imports in January and Febru- ary 1963 entered through the U. S. Customs District of Flor- ida, The remainder entered through the Customs Districts of New Orleans (La.), Galveston (Tex.), and San Francisco (Calif.). Airborne imports of shellfish other than shrimp in Janu- ary 1963 included 109,709 pounds of spiny lobster tails and 24,205 pounds of unclassified spiny lobster products, In February 1963, airborne spiny lobster arrivals consisted of 81,027 pounds of lobster tails and 4,218 pounds of unclassi- fied spiny lobster products. The spiny lobster airborne im- ports originated in Central and South American countries and entered through the Customs Districts of Florida, Gal- veston (Tex.), and Puerto Rico, August 1963 U. S, 1/Airborne Imports of Fishery Products, January-February 1963 with Comparative Data Us] [Product and enterene 1963 Jan,.-Feb, 1962 Origin 2/ [ee Value 4/| Qty.3/ | Value 4/ 1,000 US$ 1,000 US$ Lbs. 1,000 Lbs. 1,000 Fish: WIESE) 6 bo6006000 39.9 13.0 76.7 10.0 OVCHMER! Sooo 0 Good 8.5 2.0 = = British Honduras .... 19.9 4.7 3 os United Kingdom..... 0.7 1.5 = = IRALENCI, 66 ooo OO00 0.8 0.3 5 DREWCO 5 0.056 HOO 0000 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 CAmECE. bo boo oe0o = = 1.0 0.4 PROtallefishirsaWerer eu sijsi0 70,2 21.8 77.8 10.5 } + Guatemala ........ 62.3 32/3 49.5 24,0 Bl Salvadon).).. 2 3. . | 107.5 74,1 67.1 42.2 Nicaragua cise) « folistie 9.5 3.5 329.9 107.1 Wostaghicayeyereelseye) |) 20.4 101.2 22.6 9.0 TPEBEVINE, Gg go. polo DOOD ol) Geb 217.5 135.6 70.5 Venezuela... ......| 806.2 392.8 462.8 194.7 HiCUaAG OTMem per shelieiisiel oie = 2 12,2 3.4 WIESICO 6566000000 Se 5 6.1 3.8 Total shrimp...... h.s0.3 821.4 | 1,085.8 | 454.7 T Ft Shellfish other than shrimp: \ WEICO > 4.51010 Goo OOo 48.1 28.2 5.0 2.9 British Honduras.... 67.3 54.4 39.9 26.1 IGM 5 pogo ooo 0.4 0.3 28.4 24,9 NCEE GG GoGo OOo 26.9 23.2 S 2 GostagRical rears lenelen> 62,1 53.6 1.0 0.9 Vamaicayaeneneneleneerchs 11.5 8.7 1479 10.9 Dominican Republic .. 6.2 5.0 = = Netherlands Antilles. . 16.6 9.9 1.8 0.7 WeneZuelarwerenemarshey sie 13.7 6.0 11.6 6.0 PC uaG OGM wencmel si elinel sits al aat 1.5 = = Panam aewepelvelieissitetisiicl« = = 0.5 0.6 Guatemala ........ cs = 2.4 1.9 Leeward and Windward Islands} <5 \. < 1s). « O65 = 5 1.7 0.6 = > 0.1 0.3 2 cs 0.1 0.2 Total shellfish (exclud- ing shrimp)......| 253.9 190.8 L 107.4 76.0 Grand total, ....../1,925.4 | 1,034.0 | 1,271.0 541.6 |1/Imports into Puerto Rico from Foreign countries are considered to be United States imports! and are included. But United States trade with Puerto Rico and with United States pos- sessions and trade between United States possessions are not included. 2/When the country of origin is not known, the county of shipment is shown. |3/Gross weight of shipments, including the weight of containers, wrappings, crates, and moisture content, 4/F.o.b. point of shipment, Does not include U.S. import duties, air freight, or in- surance, (Note: These data are included in the over-all import figures for total imports, i.e., these imports are not to be added to other import data published, Source: United States Airborne General Imports of Merchandise, FT 380, January-February 1963, U.S. Bureau of the Census. The leading finfish product imported by air in the first two months of 1963 was fish fillets (mostly from Mexico, Hor.duras, and British Honduras), The data as issued do not show the state of all products-- fresh, frozen, or canned-~but it is believed that the bulk of the airborne imports consists of fresh and frozen products, Kk OK KOK EDIBLE FISHERY PRODUCTS: May 1963: Imports of fresh, frozen, and processed edible fish and shellfish into the United States in May 1963 were up 2.1 per- cent in quantity and 9.9 percent in value from COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 59 the previous month. In May, shipments of the higher-priced northern lobsters from Canada were much heavier, and imports were also up considerably for canned lobsters, fish blocks and slabs, frozen tuna other than alba- core, canned sardines not in oil, and sea scal- lops. The gain was partly offset by a decline in imports of frozen albacore tuna, canned tuna, canned sardines in oil, ocean perch fil- lets, swordfish fillets, and canned oysters. Compared with the same month in 1962, imports in May 1963 were down 19.1 percent in quantity, and 2.9 percent in value. There was a heavy cutback in imports of frozentuna this May, as well as a sizable decline in im- ports of canned sardines in oil, canned salm- on, cod fillets, flounder fillets, and swordfish fillets. But imports were up for some of the higher-priced fishery products such as fro- zen spiny lobsters, canned oysters, and can- ned crab meat. In addition, a number of fish- ery products increased in price this year. Therefore, the value of the imports in May 1963 did not decline as much as the quantity. In the first 5 months of 1963, imports were down 6.0 percent in quantity and 2.4 percent in value. Fluctuations in individual import items were much greater than the over-all totals indicate. Imports were down sharply in 1963 for frozen tuna, canned sardines in oil, and canned salmon. There was also a noticeable drop in arrivals of canned tuna, haddock fillets, and flounder fillets. On the other hand, there was a large increase in im- ports of canned sardines not in oil and frozen shrimp, as well as heavier shipments of ocean perch fillets, canned crab meat, and frozen frog legs. U.S. Imports and Exports of Edible Fishery Products, May 1963 with Comparisons Item - » (Millions of $) . .| je « (Millions of Lbs.).. Im ports: : Fish & Shellfish: Fresh, froz. & processed! /, , xports: Fish & Shellfish: Processed only +) (excluding fresh & frozen) » » 1 /Includes pastes, sauces, clam chowder and juice, and other specialties. Exports of processed fish and shellfish from the United States in May 1963 were up 25.0 percent in quantity, but down 12.5 per- 60 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW cent in value from those in the previous month. Larger shipments of the lower- priced canned squid accounted .for most of the increase in quantity, while smaller ship- ments of the higher-priced canned salmon reduced the value of the exports in May. Compared with the same month in 1962, the exports in May 1963 were down 5.6 per- cent in quantity, although the value of the ex- ports was the same in both months. A sharp drop in exports of canned sardines not in oil this May was almost offset by larger ship- ments of most other canned fish export items. Processed fish and shellfish exports in the first 5 months of 1963 were up 2.8 per- cent in quantity, but down 5.9 percent invalue from those in the same period in 1962. The drop in value was due to a general decline in the price of canned fishery products in 1963. The small gain in quantity was due mainly to heavier shipments of the lower-priced can- ned squid (mostly to Greece and the Philip- pines). There was also a moderate increase in exports of canned salmon and canned shrimp. But exports of canned sardines not in oil and canned mackerel were down. Al- though not covered in the table, exports of frozen shrimp were up Sharply in the first 5 months of 1963 (increase mostly in exports to Japan). April 1963: Imports of fresh, frozen, and processed edible fish and shellfish into the United States in April 1963 were down 9.8 percent in quantity and 9.3 percent in value from the previous month. The drop was due mainly to sharply lower imports of canned sardines not in oil and frozen albacore tuna, as well as a moderate decline in frozen shrimp arrivals. Compared with the same month in 1962, imports in April 1963 were down 5.0 percent in quantity and 2.0 percent in value. There was a heavy cutback in imports of frozen tuna this April and also a large drop in im- ports of canned salmon and canned sardines in oil. But there was a sizable gain in im- ports of ocean perch fillets, sea catfish fil- lets, canned tuna in brine, and frozenshrimp. In the first 4 months of 1963, imports were down 2.0 percent in quantity and 2.3 percent in value as compared with the same period in 1962. Although the over-all totals were about the same in both years, there was considerable fluctuation in individual import Vol. 25, No. 8 items. There was a large increase in the 1963 imports of canned sardines not in oil, and im- ports of frozen shrimp were also considerably higher. On the other hand, imports were down for frozen tuna, canned tuna in brine, canned salmon, canned sardines in oil, frozen spiny lobsters and frozen haddock fillets. U.S. Imports and Exports of Edible Fishery Products, April 1963 with Comparisons Fresh, froz. & processed1/, ° Exports: Fish & Shellfish: Processed only1/ (excluding fresh & frozen). e » 1/Includes pastes, sauces, clam chowder and juice, and other specialties. Exports of processed fish and shellfish from the United States in April 1963 were down 48.4 percent in quantity and 33.3 percent in value from those in the previous month. The cutback in shipments in April affected most canned fish export items with canned salmon and canned squid showing the largest decline. Compared with the same month in 1962, exports in April 1963 were down 20.0 percent in quantity and 33.3 percent in value. Exports were down this Aprii for the higher-priced canned salmon, while shipments of the lower- priced canned mackerel and canned squid showed a modest increase. Processed fish and shellfish exports in the first 4 months of 1963 were up 4.1 percent in quantity, but down 5.8 percent in value from those in the same period in 1962. The drop in value was due to a general decline in the price of canned fishery products in 1963. The small gain in quantity was due mainly to heavier shipments of the lower-priced canned squid (mostly to Greece and the Philippines). There was also a moderate increase in ex- ports of canned salmon, canned sardines not in oil, and canned shrimp. But exports of canned mackerel were down. Although not covered in the table, exports of frozen shrimp were up sharply in the first 4 months of 1963 (increase mostly in exports to Japan). -August 1963 Vessel Unloading FISH UNLOADING, DE-ICING, AND WEIGHING EQUIPMENT RETESTED AT BOSTON: The mobile fish unloading, de-icing, and weighing equipment, developed by the Glouces - ter Technological Laboratory of the U.S. Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries as part of a program to promote efficient and sanitary handling of fishery products, was retested at the Boston Fish Pier during the week of June HO 1963). re) Receiving hopper of one of the fish-handling units tested. The unit operated successfully at the rate of 20,000 pounds of fish an hour, and was able to keep ahead of the lumpers working in the fish holds at all times. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1957 p. 9, for a diagram and description of the mobile fish-unloading equip- ment. Also, 'Mechanically De-icing and Weighing Groundfish at the Dock in New England," reprint from Fishery Industrial Research, vol. 2 no. 1. aul = 3 Whales SCIENTISTS EXPLAIN WHY WHALES STRAND ON BEACHES: Does a failure of whale "sonar" cause the mass strandings of whales that occur many times yearly in various parts of the world? A new theory of whale-strandings was de- veloped by a Dutch zoologist, who accumu- lated records of 133 mass strandings through- out the world. Thousands of whales of 20 different species were involved. All strand- ings occurred on gently sloping beaches, broad shallow flats, or in shallow bays or estuaries. None took place on rocky coasts. Significantly, most strandings involved pilot COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 61 whales, sperm whales, or false-killer whales -- all of which are species that generally stay offshore in deep water. sce Mi] 4 \ hee orem ney These pilot whales became stranded on the beach near Marine - land, Fla. Science now believes that such mass strandings are caused by a failure of the whales' "sonar" systems in shallow water on gently sloping beaches. Research has recently established that whales have highly sensitive echo-ranging organs. All species tested have been found to emit a wide range of sounds, including ul- trasonic clicks that are apparently used in the same way that ships use the sonic "pings" of fish-finders and depth-sounders. Whales are believed to use their sonars to avoid col- lisions, to maintain orderly formations, to navigate, and to find prey. By gauging the time it takes a pulse to bounce back from an object, they judge distance and make extremely minute differentiations. Tests indicate that some species, when blindfolded or in total darkness, can swim through a maze of obsta- cles, and can even distinguish between two fishes of different species but of about the same size. There is evidence, too, that whales may use sound signals to communicate with one another over great distances. Whales have no vocal chords and all sounds are ap- parently created within the blowholes, or nostrils, which are located on top of their heads. If whale sonar is far more efficient than science has been able to devise, why should whales lose their sense of direction and dash themselves ashore in what seems a senseless, suicidal gesture? Answers to this question have been sought for centuries. Scientific tests have established that sounds made by whales travel upward and outward but never downward. In murky water then, where vision would be ineffective, whales would presumably have to roll over and "'scan" 62 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW with their sonars to determine the depth. If engrossed in feeding or chasing prey along a sloping beach, they might find themselves in shallow water without warning. The Dutch scientist made numerous sonar tests from a vessel in shallow water and found that sloping beaches tend to ''mask,"' distort, or even entirely eliminate returns sent out in a horizontal direction from be- neath the surface. The sound waves often glanced off the sloping bottom and kept going, so that the sonar apparatus indicated deep water ahead when the vessel was actually approaching the beach and about to goaground. In the case of whales, the hazards are un- doubtedly increased when the bodies of other whales, close-packed and milling about, fur- ther hamper the effective use of sonic sig- nals. It is easy to imagine the difficulty of screening true echo "pings'' from the urgent pulses being transmitted by the other animals in the herd. And if the water becomes so shallow that the whales! blowholes cannot be kept submerged, their sonic apparatus would be totally ineffective, and complete panic might follow. Confirmation of this new theory may con- stitute a major "breakthrough'' in the new field of marine bioacoustics--the study of sounds made by marine animals. The sounds of whales, fish, and other ocean life are cur- rently under investigation at a unique audio- visual Observation Station which the Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami, has set up at Bimini, in the Bahamas. The United States Navy-sponsored installation, under the supervision of the head of the Institute's submarine acoustic group, consists of an underwater television set and three hydro- phones (underwater ''microphones") mounted on the bottom at a depth of 65 feet. The equipment is located near a dropoff on the eastern edge of the Gulf Stream. Mile-long cables connect the underwater apparatus to a video monitor, a kinescope recorder and sound-recording and analyzing equipment housed ashore. Another hydrophone is lo- cated two miles from shore at a depth of 1,200 feet. Scientists can sit in the control room at Bimini, listen to and record sounds made by marine animals, and even see the animals which make the sounds. More than 30 different sounds have been heard from the Institute's monitor station, indicating that the ocean is far from being Vol. 25, No. 8 a "silent world.'' (News release, International Oceanographic Foundation, Miami, Fla., May 15, 1963.) Wholesale Prices EDIBLE FISH AND SHELLFISH, JUNE 1963: Wholesale price trends for fishery products were mostly downward this June, but tended upward for fish landed in New England. The June 1963 wholesale price index for ed- ible fishery products (fresh, frozen, and canned) at 114.4 percent of the 1957-59 average was lower (down 1.3 percent) than for May. From May to June, prices dropped for salm- on, shrimp, several canned fish items, and for fresh-water fish varieties. Compared with the same month in 1962, the wholesale price index this June was down 3.3 percent. A drop in fresh and frozen salmon prices and sharply lower prices for Great Lakes fresh-water fish were directly responsible for a 4.9-percent decrease from May to June in the drawn, dressed, or whole finfish subgroup, Because of improved supplies at Chicago, Lake Superior whitefish prices this June were down 13.7 percent from the previous month, and prices for Great Lakes yellow pike at New York City were lower by 29.5 percent. At New York City prices for fresh and frozen dressed king salmon also were lower (dropped 6.8 percent) than in May, but fresh halibut prices remained steady from May to June. Frozen halibut stocks from the 1962 North Pacific catch were still plentiful in June and the gradually declining market for that product had some influence in bringing about much lower 1963 hal- ibut ex-vessel and wholesale prices than a year earlier. Generally lower prices in the subgroup were offset by a substantial increase (up 13.6 percent) in ex-vessel prices for haddock at Boston because of lighter-than-normal had- dock landings. Compared with June 1962, the subgroup in- dex this June was down 4.0 percent because of lower prices for all items except fresh drawn haddock (up 64.5 percent from a year earlier), ae Ane Ba Be a he i ay Rg rk x ; ae SL Tallying barrels of fresh bagged scallops after unloading from ! vessel at the dock in the New York City Fulton Fish Mar- ket. Higher prices than in May for fresh haddock fillets (up 5.1 percent) at Boston this June were related to the higher prices for ex-vessel haddock, Combined with higher prices for shucked oysters (up 3,0 percent) at Norfolk, the sub- group index for processed fresh fish and shellfish this June a August 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Table 1 - Wholesale Average Prices and Indexes for Edible Fish and Shellfish, June 1963 with Comparisons Avg. Prices 1/ Indexes Group, Subgroup, and Item Specification Unit ($) (1957 -59=100) June May 1963 | 1963 1962 ALL FISH & SHELLFISH (Fresh, Frozen, & Canned) coOoD OOD OO OOO O00 Fresh & Frozen Fishery Products: , . 2. .eeece Drawn, Dressed, or Whole Finfish: ....o.o Haddock, Ige,, offshore, drawn, fresh ..... SLT Halibut, West. 20/80 lbs,, drsd,, fresh or froz, J 036 Salmon, king, lige, & med,, drsd., fresh or froz, . 292 134.5 Whitefish, L. Superior, drawn, fresh . ...ce- Yellow pike, L, Michigan &Huron, rnd, fresh . Processed, Fresh (Fish & Shellfish): . . . . o Fillets, haddock, sml,, skins on, 20-Ib, tins . Shrimp, lge, (26-30 count), headless, fresh . Oysters, Shucked, standards ....vco E Processed, Frozen (Fish & Shellfish); . ... Fillets: Flounder, skinless, 1-lb, pkg, « © © Haddock, sml,, skins on, 1-Ib, pkg. . ; . Ocean perch, Ige., skins on 1-1b, pkg. . Shrimp, lge, (26-30 count), brown, 5-lb, pkg. Canned Fishery Products: . . . e O06 alo ~ Salmon, pink, No, 1 tall (16 oz,), 48 cans/cs, Aoes Tuna, It, meat, chunk, No, 1/2 tuna (6-1/2 ep 48 cans/cS. 2. oe o00d Mackerel, jack, Calif., No, i tall (is ‘on, 48 cans/cs. sss os oooaod Sardines, Maine, keyless oil, 1/4 drawn 3-3/4 02), 100 cans/cs, Pte cs 8.81 113,0| 116,2 1/Represent average prices for one day (Monday o or “Tuesday) during the week in which the L5th of the month occurs, These prices are published as indicators of movement and not necessarily absolute level, Daily Market News Service ‘‘Fishery Products Reports’’ should be referred to for actual prices, 2/One commodity has been dropped in the fishery products index as of December 1962--‘‘Sardines, Calif., tom, pack, No, 1 3/Based on Calif, sardines and not directly comparable with replacement (jack mackerel) for January-June 1963, oval (15-02,), 24 cans/cs,”’--and replaced by ‘*Mackerel, jack, Calif., No, 1 tall (15-oz,), 48 cans/cs.’*? Under revised procedures by the Bureau of Labor Statistics all new products enter wholesale price indexes at 100, | 63 rose 0.9 percent from the previous month. Fresh shrimp Wisco nsin prices at New York City in June dropped slightly (down 1 cent a pound) from May but were still 9.1 percent higher than in June 1962, The subgroup price index this June was FISHERY LANDINGS, 1962: up 12.0 percent as compared with June a year earlier due Total landings of fish at Wisconsin ports to considerably higher prices for all items, of Lake Superior and Lake Michigan (including The processed frozen fish and shellfish price index this Green Bay) during 1962 amounted to 19.1 June was down 0.8 percent from the previous month, but million pounds--2.9 million pounds or 13 per- rose 0.4 percent from June 1962. A decline (down 2 cents cent below the previous year. a pound) in frozen shrimp prices at Chicago from May to June was offset by higher prices (up 1.2 percent) for frozen flounder fillets. Prices for frozen haddock and ocean perch fillets were unchanged from the previous month. As com- Chubs pared with the same month a year earlier, prices this June were higher for all items in the subgroup except frozen shrimp. Alewives [: Yellow The canned fishery products subgroup price index from perch May to June dropped 0.8 percent because of lower prices for canned pink salmon (down 1.1 percent) and canned Maine ee E sardines (down 2.8 percent). Prices for canned tuna this June were unchanged from those in May but were lower than ce June 1962 by 7.4 percent. There were indications of a pick- LB { up in sales of canned tuna during June following the signifi- aes cant drop in demand of the previous two months. As com- Smelt eG pared with the same month a year earlier, prices this June : were lower (down 13.3 percent) for all canned fish products. Other ea SRS > Million ee ene pounds 4 1 2 3 AM) 8 9 Landings of certain fish in Wisconsin, 1962 and 1961. 64 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 Landings in Wisconsin during 1962 from Landings of chubs ranged from a monthly Lake Michigan accounted for 11.2 million low of 420,000 pounds in February to a high pounds, Green Bay 4.4, and Lake Superior of 708,000 pounds in August. Over one-half 3.5 million pounds. of the alewife catch was made during May, June, and July. Yellow perch was taken prin- Four species of fish comprised 86 per- cipally during June through November when cent of the 1962 catch. They were: chubs the monthly catch varied from 285,000 to 42 percent; alewives 17; yellow perch 15; 392,000 pounds. Production of lake herring and lake herring 12 percent. Over one-half was confined almost exclusively to the months of the remainder consisted of carp andsmelt. |! of November and December. EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR BIOLOGISTS WITH CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME The California State Personnel Board announced in July 1963 open nationwide exami- nations for qualified biologists interested in career employment with the California State Department of Fish and Game as follows: Classifications Monthly Salary Fishery Biologist II $536-650 Marine Biologist II 536-650 Fishery Biologist III 619-753 Pollution Bioanalyst II 536-650 Pollution Bioanalyst II 619-753 The closing date for filing applications for those positions is September 6,1963. Writ- ten examinations for applicants will be given on October 5, 1963. Written examinations and subsequent personal interviews forapplicants willbe held in California and such other States as the number of candidates warrant and conditions per- mit. Personal interviews are plannedforcertain major cities throughout the United States. Admission to the examinations requires acollege degree in biological sciences and varying amounts of either graduate work or experience in fishery research or management. Applications and further information canbe obtainedby writing: State Personnel Board, 801 Capitol Mall, Sacramento 14, Calif. CORRECTION The photograph which appeared in the June 1963 issue, page 20, shouldhave hadthe caption: Japanese stern ramp trawler Akebono Maru No. ils La August 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 65 International CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION FIRST MEETING HELD ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF WORLDWIDE FOOD STANDARDS: A four-man Canadian delegation of food experts attended a meeting held in Rome, June 25 to July 3 this year, to develop and simplify work on international food stand- ards. This was the first session of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, which was estab- lished jointly by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The Codex Alimentarius Commission was established following a joint FAO/WHO Con- ference on Food Standards held in Geneva in October 1962. Representatives of 44 mem- ber nations of FAO attended, together with observers from 24 international organiza- tions. The Conference fully endorsed the need for an international body to coordinate the development of food standards both ona worldwide and a regional basis. Stress was placed on the importance of this work to de- veloped and developing countries alike. It was agreed at the Geneva Conference that the new Commission develop two types of standards. The first would be a minimum "blatform' standard, and any country accept- ing it would undertake to ensure that its own corresponding national standard would not be lower. The second, or ''trading" standard, would be higher, and its adoption by a govern- ment would imply that all products affected must conform to it in order to be imported and sold within its jurisdiction. At its first session, the new Commission considered priorities for food standards and allocation of priority work on their develop- ment to specialized agencies. (Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, June 18, 1963.) FISH MEAL WORLD PRODUCTION, APRIL 1963: World production of fish meal in April 1963 was up 24.7 percent from that in the same month of 1962, according to preliminary data from the International Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers, Most of the principal countries producing fish meal sub- mit data to the Association monthly (see table), World Fish Meal Production by Countries, April 1963 [EE April Jan.-Apr. Country ap 1963 1962 1963 1962 4 —| 5 bon oa +i(MetricLons)P 0... an AECE God ona d UDO O 1,311 2,338] 26,924) 33,432 Denmark satire {ere lelelisllekers 7,081 3,955] 25,692) 19,805 Rrancem une gls sustenstece 1,100 1,100) 4,400] 4,400 German Federal Republic 7,473 6,960) 27,345} 26,779 Netherlands........-. 1/ 500 1/ 1,600 Retin oop dloG ooo OD 2,180 2,429 9,196 8,898 SWeGeny erste oneteneteh olcys 822 482 2,029 1,870 United Kingdom ...... 6,438 6,407| 26,441| 23,922 Uni tegdsStatesiovetencuel oi eie 7,887 2/5,725 14,962|2/12,340 INV CSA 6 hbo is ado s 1,333 1,891 8,886] 10,343 Teelandinmc ies neha sake 8,742 4,040] 30,212] 17,269 INOrwayactemerioretiotenenens 4,000 3,345] 14,370} 16,123 INS sa doco atow sd 129,104 | 100,074 |442,641| 339,090 South Africa (including South-West Africa). ..]| 33,237] 29,701} 81,326] 102,651 ROtalecwewepet onside! evel 210,708 | 168,947 |714,424] 618,522 1/Data not available. 2/Revised, ote: Belgium, Chile, Japan, and Morocco do not report their fish meal production to L the Intemational Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers at present. The increase in fish meal production in April 1963 was due mainly to greater output in Peru which accounted for 61.3 percent of world production during the month. In Janu- ary-April 1963, Peru accounted for 62,0 percent of total fish meal production, World fish meal production during the first 4 months of 1963 was 15.5 percent greater than in the same period of the previous year, Production in early 1963 was boosted by rec~ ° ord landings of anchoveta in Peru and record landings of her- ring in Iceland. The increase was partly offset by a consid- erable decline in production in South Africa, Canada, Norway, and Angola. FISH OIL WORLD EXPORTS, 1962: World gross exports of fish oils (including fish-liver oils) reached a record 455,000 short tons in 1962, reflecting the expansion of fish oil shipments from Peru and Iceland, and 66 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW International (Contd.): to a lesser extent from Chile and Denmark. Worla exports increased by 88,000 tons from the previous high of 1961 and were twice the 1955-59 average. Peru, the United States, Iceland, the South Africa Repub- lic, Chile, and Portugal are the most important world sup- pliers of fish oil, accounting for over 95 percent of the world’s net exports and over 80 percent of the world’s gross exports of fish oil in 1962. Although several European coun- tries export sizable quantities of fish oil, the area as a whole is the world’s major market for fish oil, Much of the domes- tic production of fish oil in Europe is retained for consump- tion in the country of origin, or exported to other European countries. In addition, Norway, Western Germany, the Neth- erlands, and Denmark import large quantities of fish oil for further processing and export largely to other European countries. Peruvian fish oil exports reached a record 164,000 tons in 1962, up 45 percent from the previous high of 1961. Ice- land’s exports more than doubled in 1962, The increase en- orld Gross Exports of Fish Oil (Including Fish Liver Oils) 1/, Average 1955-59, Annual 1958-62 Average 2/1962] 1961] 1960 | 1959 /1958 | 1955-59 ...-. (1,000 Short Tons) Continent |And Country North America: Ganadaerirn-ne Sats) 4,.6| 15.2] 14.8] 6.0 8.5 WESC S 6.00 0 2 8] 3/ ov 7 ott United States. . 61.5 | 61.2) 71.8] 72.2] 47.0 64.1 TMOtall arene eens 65.2 | 66.6] 87.0] 87.7] 53.7 73.3 South America: Argentina.... 8 6 1.0 4 8 a) (CIN® 626 6.06 o:0 12.0 Bell 6.6 oul cr 4} 1 IAA 5 6.6.010 OO 164.0 112.8] 38.6] 18.9} 1.8 GR) Total Oo 176.8 |118.5] 46.2) 19.4 2.6 6.0 Europe: Denmark .... 16.8 | 10.5] 7.4] 16.1] 12.6) 12.5 Ine Noiy.qraits 2.8 2.7 2.4) 1.6 4 1.1 Germany, West 22.9 | 25.3| 26.2] 31.6] 17.9] 17.9 Iceland: 2. 2 3. 72.5 | 35.2] 54.5) 18.9] 27.4 21.1 Netherlands 5/6/ 2.6 5.2 7.8} 16.0} 13.0) 10.4 Norway 6/.... 18.6 | 24.0] 18.4] 21.8] 19.8] 21.3 Portugal..... 6.7 Tiel el Bail base) Sell Sweden... .... 2.0 3.4) 225) 3.0) 2.0 2.5 United Kingdom 2.6 3.2 SoU ool by eae 3.8 Other (incl. L WASHES) Wao 2.9 2c Sila Oleic si | ypdie Ted AO talytreereis 150.4 179.7|120.8)120.7 103.6 97.4 + Africa: mele (Amp Olayeuseeelele 2.9 3.3 3) 5.6) (954 8.1 Morocco..... 4.9 4.5 5.7, 4.3] 4.5 2.7 So. AfricaRep.8/| 50.4 | 51.0] 37.4) 26.6) 18.5) 15.2 Tore | 58.2 [588 50.4] 36.5| 32.4] 26.0 Asia and Oceania: Japantecuetarens 3.2 anti 3.8 3.6 6.6 5.8 OthernU/Meirerencite oul 8 Olas ti Peetiee 1.2 Motaligrewewersns 3.9 Sebi e428 oes ended, 7.0 = World total.... 454.5 |367.1|318.2|269.6|200.1| 209.7 '1/Hardened fish oils have been included wherever separately classified in export statistics. 2/Preliminary. 3/Under SO tons. 4/1959 only. 5/May include some whale oil prior to 1960. 6/Excludes sizable quantities of hardened fish oils exported annually which are not separately classified in trade returns, 7 /Includes estimates for minor exporting countries. |8/Includes the territory of South-West Africa. Source: World Aqricultural Production and Trade, U. S. Department of Agriculture. : Vol. 25, No. 8 abled Iceland to surpass the United States and rank second to Peru as the world’s leading supplier of fish oil in 1962. Apart from Chile, shipments from the other major exporting countries declined slightly in 1962. Norway’s reported ex- ports of fish oil were down slightly in 1962, but were prob- ably much larger than indicated due to the exclusion of hard- ened fish oils which are not classified separately in trade statistics. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION EXTENSIVE USE OF SYNTHETIC MATERIALS IN FISH NETTING: The rapidly increasing use of knotless nets made of synthetic fibers was evident during the Second World Fish- ing Gear Congress, held in London, May 27-31, 1963, by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The discussion on materials which took place during the first day of the Congress embraced standardization of both the numbering systems of twines and of net-testing methods; as well as a survey of new net materials and of new devel- opments in lines and ropes, knotless nets, and monofilament nets. A proposal for a standardized international numbering system for netting twines, applicable to both natural and artificial fibers, was presented to the Congress. This proposal--already adopted by ISO (The International Standards Organization)--is based upon a ‘‘tex’’ system which expresses the weight in grams of 1,000 meters of twine. In the six years that have elapsed since the first World Fishing Gear Congress in Hamburg, many new types of synthetic materials have come into use for fishing gear, it was stated. Most countries now use synthetic materials for well over half their gear. In Japan this figure ap- proaches 90 percent, while in the important Peruvian purse- seine fisheries nets are made of nylon only. Many papers presented to the Congress discussed the relative values of different synthetic materials such as nylon, polypropylene, and polyethylene, as well as the different uses that are being made of those materials. It was reported that polyethylene is now extensively used as a trawl-net material in Europe and Japan. In Japan, 31 million pounds of synthetic nets were pro- duced in 1961 compared with 4.5 million pounds of na- tural-fiber nets. However, though the conversion to syn- thetic materials for netting stands at about 90 percent in Japan, this figure shrinks to 20 percent for ropes. The technical and economic aspects of the two main types of knotless nets--the Japanese type made by twist- ing and the Raschel type made by crocheting--were dis- cussed at the Congress. It was stated that knotless nets are from 20-30 percent cheaper than knotted ones within certain small-mesh sizes. One paper stated that Italy is producing 750 tons of knotless nets a year, compared with the production of 500 tons per year of knotted synthetic nets. Production of knotless netting in Norway has increased from 17 to 200 tons a year within a two-year period. Synthetic fibers have become widely used in the fishing industry mainly, however, in twines made of continuous multifilaments. However, during the past few years, a major breakthrough has been achieved using thick mono- filaments, and these are now in extensive use in certain types of gear. One paper from Viet-Nam states that of 11,000 gill nets in operation in that country, about 8,000 are of this (almost invisible) monofilament type, while only 160 are multifilament nets. August 1963 International (Contd.): One paper from Germany reported on the use of plastic materials for constructing creels and pots, replacing traditional materials which deteriorate very quickly. se ook Oy 0 st os O38 bs 3 7" SECOND WORLD FISHING GEAR CONGRESS HELD IN LONDON: The Second World Fishing Gear Congress sponsored by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), was held in London, May 27-31, 1963, six years after the first Congress in Ham- burg in 1957. To those who attended both Congresses, the advances were most obvious in synthetic netting twines, knotless netting, fish detection, and fleet operations. There has been progress, but no spectacular developments in the catching of fish. However, purse seining techniques have become much more effective. Stern trawling is well accepted, even for small vessels and midwater trawling is more wide- spread. Instrumented gear is the subject of much research, but there has been no major breakthrough, Automated ves- sels are just on the horizon, Fish behavior remains a fascinating but complex study with a most promising future. Electrical fishing seems ready to move on from its proven use in accelerating the pumping of fish from nets to improving trawl catches significantly, and, possibly, toward the time when it will aid fishermen to herd and harvest fish somewhat like farmers manage their domes- tic animals. While much progress has been made in the last six years, the opportunities for making improvements in the arts of lo- cating, luring, and capturing fish not only are great, but they are worthy of much more effort and funds than are being ex- pended, More than 500 representatives from 52 countries attended the Congress. The 5 full days of meetings were devoted to 3 major topics: Materials, Gear and Fishing, and Gear Re- search, under the chairmanship of the Director of a Scottish firm which operates the stern trawlers, Fairfree and Fairtry I, I, and Ill. Of the 87 papers presented, 11 came from the United States and one from the United States and Canada, They covered the following subjects: large pelagic trawls; prospective devel- opments; improved heavy trawl gear; shrimp behavior; elec~ trical shrimp trawling gear; fish identification from echo sounder recordings; tuna behavior; electricity in commercial sea fishing; air bubble curtains; king crab pots; hydraulic power and fishing gear; and automatic data processing and computer applications. United States representatives at the Congress numbered about 15 from the domestic industry and three from the United States Government. After editing at the FAO Fisheries Division in Rome, the papers and the discussions will be published by Fishing News (Books) Ltd., 110 Fleet Street, London, EC4, in England, with French and Spanish abstracts. The same company pub- lished the report of the first Congress, Modern Fishing Gear of the World. (Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe, U. S. Embassy, Copenhagen, June 5, 1963.) Note: Also see Commercial Fisheries Review, February 1958 p. 51. WORLD FOOD CONGRESS INTERIOR SECRETARY STRESSES VALUE OF FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE: The World Food Congress sponsored by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), of the United Nations was held in Washington, D.C., June 4-18, 1963. The U.S. Secretary of the Interior spoke to the Congress on June 6 as follows: COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 67 "Tt is a particular pleasure to meet such a broad spectrum of natural resource interest as is represented in this Congress. As Secre- tary of what in effect is America's department of natural resources, I have had the opportun- ity for two years of meeting with various groups--organizations that reflect the diversi- ty of Interior's activities. "In many of these cross country meetings, I note a subtle--if occasionally minute-- change. For on the leadership level of such industries as oil, coal, timber, and fisheries I find more and more men whose conversa~- tions denote a movement away from parochial self-interest into the more urgent question of how today can this Nation--this world--man- age, utilize and at the same time enhance and protect our natural resources. For every- where today men are slowly realizing that science and economic drives are a team that improperly guided can run roughshod over the very elements that make the world live- able. For this reason, fishermen become treaty makers; an oil company adjusts its op- erations to save a herd of Alaska moose or a flock of birds, more and more timbermen curry, rather than denude the mountain- SACI, 6 65 "To meet one of the world's grave resource challenges, the feeding of a growing army of the hungry, we are charting a new route. Aided by men of science, we have set forth to plumb that 70 percent of the earth that re- mains unexplored--the ocean depths. Thus, | we may better discover and utilize the sea's bounties for the world's hungry. "As President Kennedy observed recently: 'To meet the vast needs of an expanded popu- lation, the bounty of the sea must be made more available. Within two decades, our own Nation will require over a million more tons of seafood than we now harvest.' "The world picture is increasingly grim and Lord Boyd Orr, former director of the U. N. Food and Agricultural Organization, and Nobel Peace Prize winner, states that within 80 years the world must produce more than eight times the present world food sup- ply. "Today, we in the Department of the Inte- rior are meeting this challenge in a multi- front drive to raise this Nation's harvest from the sea, and at the same time, pass along to the free world, our scientific findings in this field. 68 International (Contd.): "The fisheries research programs now under way number into the hundreds. How- ever, one above all others shines as a beacon of hope for the 80 percent of the world's pop- ulation today receiving insufficient daily pro- tein diet--which is a rather dainty way of de- scribing spirit-sapping hunger that for mil- lions annually is an epitaph. "This project, which our scientists in the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries have with limited resources virtually led the world in research, envisions the creation and distribu- tion of a fish protein concentrate (FPC). "This product is made from a whole fish reduced to a protein-rich powder easily added to cereals of other basic foodstuffs. By uti- lizing the unharvested fish of United States waters alone, it can provide supplemental animal protein for one billion people for 300 days at the cost of less than one-half cent per person per day. The value of fish as a protein supplement has been recognized since the beginning of time. The problem has been one of distribution. "Harvesting fish is of only limited value if weight, susceptibility to spoilage, or trans - portation costs preclude shipping from coast- al areas into the interior, where there often is a dense concentration of population. This is a baffling problem. It must be solved be- fore fishery products make their full contri- bution toward solution of the over-all world food problem. Fish protein concentrate, however, would overcome the disadvantages of weight, spoil- age, and high costs of distribution that are common to many other products. FPC is nu- tritious, adaptable to many diets, and easily packaged in various sizes. It is an outstand- ing example of wise resource use. "We believe that this food supplement, the intrinsic nutritional value of which is already well established, can eventually be obtained by any one of a number of different process- ing methods and ina variety of forms rang- ing from a white, bland-tasting powder toa dark, flavorful paste. Further, it can be manufactured from fish species not now used as food. We are convinced that we are at the threshold of a new and important marine food industry which, if it can be helped safely over the first difficult stages of development, will assume a poSition of major importance both here in the United States and abroad. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 "Today, in many parts of the world, and even off our own coasts, vast and sometimes unassessed fishery resources, capable of be- ing converted into fish protein concentrate, are still available. If we are to alleviate the world's hunger and malnutrition these re- sources must be used to supplement the crops from the land. It seems obvious that these relatively untouched resources of the sea con- stitute the last unexploited, readily available source of animal protein. Wisely managed, this large renewable resource will contribute importantly toward solution of the very prob- lems under consideration at this Congress. "It is especially significant that fish and shellfish provide the high-quality protein so essential as a supplement in the food of mil- lions throughout the world who now depend, of necessity, largely on diets of land crops such as cereals and vegetables. "Much of the world's hunger, ranging from acute, extreme starvation to chronic, marginal dietary deficiences, is a problem not only of how much food but of what kind. The most serious among the causes of hunger is protein malnutrition, frequently induced by a deficien- cy of the right kind of proteins, those, in fact that cannot be synthesized by the human organ- ism, and hence should be eaten every day. These essential proteins can be most readily found, in the correct proportions, only in the tissues of animals. "We in the Department of the Interior are not alone in our research and development work on fish protein concentrate. Other na- tions, also with both economic and humani- tarian motivations, are similarly active. But the Department's program, recently initiated by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and now moving into high gear, is accorded a high priority. President Kennedy, in a recent pub- lic statement, described the program as vital to this Nation's efforts toward the betterment of mankind. A recent National Academy of Sciences report agrees. "We are confident that it will be possible to produce a fish protein concentrate contain- ing 90 percent of high-quality proteins ata cost of 10 to 15 cents per pound to the consum- er. It has been estimated that the minimum daily requirement of protein, 70 grams, could be supplied through fish protein concentrate at a cost per person of about two cents a day. "Because a project of this potential and universal Significance must be a cooperative August 1963 International (Contd.): effort we have resolved to work in the closest cooperation with the United Nations, and es- pecially the specialized agencies to whom much credit must go for initiating and stimu- lating new efforts in fish protein concentrate. "While the idea of manufacturing fish pro- tein concentrate is not new the time has now come to translate that idea into large-scale production of a aproduct that holds such great promise for the benefit of mankind. This much we owe to ourselves and to our friends throughout the world who look to us for help in solving their hunger problems. The day may never come when hunger will no longer stalk the earth. Nevertheless we must not COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 69 cease to dedicate our collective minds and energies toward the attainment of that goal." GREAT LAKES FISHERY COMMISSION TROUT PLANTING IN LAKE SUPERIOR: The long-range program to restore the lake trout population of Lake Superior includes a large-scale restocking effort, according to the Assistant Director of the Great Lakes Fish- ery Commission. This phase of the restora- tion work was begun in 1958 with the aid of Canadian and United States local and Federal agencies. It has been made feasible by the progress of sea lamprey control. Prior to 1963, nearly 6 million lake trout had been set free in the upper Great Lakes. Exhibit showing sea lamprey research and control conducted by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Ann Arbor, Mich, 70 International (Contd.): Lake Superior releases during 1963 will include more than 1 million yearling lake trout from state and Federal hatcheries in Michigan. Wisconsin will contribute another 320,000 lake trout. In Canada, the Ontario Department of Lands and Forests will add about 512,000 young trout to Lake Superior waters. In addition, a separate release of 1,500,000 fingerling lake trout in Lake Supe- rior is planned in the fall of 1963. There are high hopes that lake trout sur- vival will continue to improve in Lake Supe- rior, The rate of lamprey scarring in that Lake has remained low throughout mostareas since the fall of 1961 as a result of a chemi- cal treatment program in tributary streams during recent years. (News Bulletin, Michi- gan Department of Conservation, June 6, 1963.) INTERNATIONAL PACIFIC HALIBUT COMMISSION NORTH PACIFIC HALIBUT FISHERY REGULATIONS FOR 1963 REVISED: Approval by Japan, Canada, and the United States of conservation measures for the east- ern Bering Sea as recommended by the Inter- national North Pacific Fisheries Commission in February 1963 necessitated certain changes in the Pacific halibut regulations. The International Pacific Halibut Commis- sion issued, effective June 8, 1963, revised regulations for the 1963 fishery. The new regulations superseded those that became effective on March 21, 1963. The changes in the regulation that became effective on June 8, 1663, are concerned primarily with divison of Area 3B North into two areas (Area 3B North and Area 3B North Triangle), but many other changes in wording and in the descrip- tion of the regulatory areas (particularly Area 3B South) have been made. Some of the changes in the regulations effective June 8, 1963, are as follows: (1) Area 3B North is divided into Area 3B North Triangle and Area 3B North. Area 3B North Triangle: a triangular area in Bering Sea bounded by lines running from Cape Sari- chef along the Aleutian Islands to 170° W., thence north along that meridian to a point near St. Paul Island, thence a straight line to Cape Sarichef, the point of origin. Area 3B North: Bering Sea, not including Area 3B North Triangle. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 (2) An annual catch limit of 11 million pounds is set in Area 3B North Triangle. (3) The length of the seasons in Bering Sea are as follows: Area 3B North Triangle: From March 25 to a date to be announced by the Commission when the annual catch limit is taken. Area 3B North: From March 25 to Octo- ber 15 (formerly October 15 or at the closure of Area 3A, whichever is later. (4) The opening and closing times are 6:00 p.m. local standard time in Areas 3B North and 3B North Triangle. Elsewhere they are 6:00 p.m. Pacific Standard Time, as previously. (5) Licenses may be validated for more than one of Areas 3B South, 3B North, and 3B North Triangle, provided that when Area 3B North Triangle is open the intended area of fishing and any change of area is declared in advance. (6) Licenses of vessels fishing in Areas 3B North or 3B North Triangle must be validated at Sand Point, Alaska, both prior to such fish- ing and prior to unloading any halibut at any port or place other than Sand Point, Alaska, re- gardless of whether Area 3A is openor closed. (7) Halibut may not be taken with nets of any kind, except in waters of Bering Sea west of 175° W. and north of a line running from Cape Newenham toa point close to St. Paul Is- land as described in Section 12 of the regula- tions. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, this issue p. 94; June 1963 pp. 57 and 62; May 1963 pp. 60, 74, and91; March 1963 pp. 23, 41, 42, and 87. NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES CONVENTION CONFERENCE OPENED BY INTERIOR SECRETARY: The parties (United States, Canada, and Japan) to the In= ternational Convention for the High Seas Fisheries of the North Pacific, which became effective on June 12, 1953, be= gan discussions on possible revisions in the Treaty on June 6, 1963. The U.S. Secretary of the Interior opened the meet= ings held in Washington, D. C., with the following statement: ‘*The discussions which are beginning here today are of great importance to each of the Governments represented, Fishermen of each of the three countries carry on impor- tant fisheries in the North Pacific Ocean and they forma major part of local or national economies, Also, a substan= tial number of people in each country are dependent for their livelihoods upon these fisheries, “‘As a consequence each of the Governments is deeply concerned with the problem of insuring the continued pros= perity of these fisheries. Each is concerned that the fish- ery resources which support these fisheries continue to be August 1963 International (Contd.): productive, Each is concerned that the legitimate interests and aspirations of its fishermen be advanced. These alone are important considerations, ‘‘But, these discussions are also important in the context of broader considerations. The nature of the relationships-= bilateral and trilateralesamong the three Governments is of critical importance to each of the three Governments, Each seeks with the others a pattern of relationships characterized by harmony, sympathetic understanding of each other’s prob= lems and a minimum of friction. Each recognizes the value of institutions which aid in the solution of common problems, ‘The Convention which you will review in the coming dis» cussions is just such an institution for the solution of coms mon problems, It seems to me that in a review of its effec- tiveness, the extent to which the Convention has contributed to a pattern of harmonious relations between Governments, ought to be considered, as well as the efficiency with which the Convention has moved toward solution of the fishery prob= lems with which it was designed to deal, In both respects the Convention is important to the three Governments, and a re- view of its ten years of operation is a task of some moment. “Tt is our view in the United States that the Convention has served well as a mechanism for the solution of common fish= ery problems and in so doing has contributed substantially to a pattern of harmonious relations among the three Govern- ments. do think, however, that with almost any alternate agreement which we can imagine there would likely have been greater friction, less harmony, This point can hardly be overemphas sized. Regardless of the direct benefits which may have or may not have accrued to national fisheries, our countries have benefited from a period of relative harmony in relation- ships connected with fishery matters as the result of the ex- istence of this Convention. ‘'As for the extent to which this Convention has been ef= fective as a means for dealing with fishery problems, the United States has on many occasions made clear its view that the Convention has proved to be a most useful means for dealing with many of the critical fishery problems of com= mon interest in the North Pacific Ocean, The President and various other officials, including me, have indicated the United States view that the underlying principle of the Con= vention-*the abstention principle-*is peculiarly applicable and is essential in connection with certain of the fishery problems in the area, The circumstances in the North Pa~ cific Ocean off the coast of North America are unique in terms of longestanding Canadian and American fisheries, and unparalleled investments by the two Governments of time, money and talent in the conservation of the resources, Such unique circumstances must be given adequate recog- nition. As a practical matter, any pattern of internation= al agreement regarding utilization of those resources which fails to take due account of the special contribution to the productivity of the resources such investments represent will not endure, ‘The abstention principle does take due account of the special contribution which in this case has been made by the United States and Canada, It thus serves as a valuable procedure for encouraging governments to undertake the burdensome tasks connected with the conservation of mas rine fishery resources, ‘'In addition, if the principle or something akin to it is not available for dealing with this kind of problem as it oc- curs more frequently, the alternative courses of action which governments are likely to take to protect their fish~ eries will run contrary to the interests of the three Govern- ments represented here and, in the long run, contrary to the interests of mankind, “In short, we are convinced of the fundamental value of the principle of abstention for the solution of what are today COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW This is not to say that there has been no friction. We ; 71 unique fishery problems, but problems which may in the fur ture be all too common, ‘‘We are strengthened in our conviction by the manner in which this Convention has served the three Governments dur- ing the past ten years. None of the Governments has found in the functioning of the Convention all that it might have hoped for. Japanese fishermen find defects in the Convention, and so do Canadian and American fishermen, But, within its framework it has been possible for the three national fishing industries to prosper, ‘*I do not wish to give you the impression that we in the United States consider the Convention to have worked pers fectly. Indeed, that is not our view, as all who are familiar with the proceedings of the International North Pacific Fish= eries Commission can testify. However, the defects which we perceive are not fundamental. They do not go to the heart of the Convention, They are not defects in principle. They are perhaps weaknesses in the use of the instrument more than weaknesses in the instrument itself. "These defects can and should be corrected; and no doubt the United States Delegation will have specific propos - als to this end. Thus, we welcome this review of the Con- vention. I would be less than candid, however, if I did not emphasize the fact that in essence the Convention is satis- factory to the United States. Such proposals as the United States Delegation may make for correcting weaknesses will not deal with fundamentals of the Convention. These, in our judgment, are best left intact, It seems to us better to seek to improve upon the instrument with which we are familiar and which has, in fact, served well, than to discard it and seek to create a new instrument. The United States Delega- tion will, of course, be most interested in hearing the views of the Canadian and Japanese Governments and will give the most careful and sympathetic consideration to proposals which they put forward, “It is our earnest desire that these discussions result in arrangements for the solution of common fishery problems in the North Pacific Ocean which all of the Governments represented here will consider both well suited to the ad= vancement of common conservation interests and equitable,”’ skool ok ose ok He OK OK OK 3 REVISION PROBLEMS NOT RESOLVED: The meeting of the Parties (United States, Canada, and Japan) to the International Con- vention for the High Seas Fisheries of the North Pacific Ocean which began in Wash- ington, D. C., on June 6, 1963, came to a close on June 21. During the course of the Meeting, the Del- egations from the three countries reviewed the present North Pacific Fisheries Conven- tion and discussed the new draft Convention proposed by the Japanese Delegation to de- termine whether the Japanese proposal or continuation of the present Convention with appropriate clarifications and understandings would provide the better basis for resolving the North Pacific fisheries problems of the three Parties. The Japanese Delegation, while recogniz- ing the contribution the present Convention had rendered toward the stabilization of fish- 72 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW International (Contd.): eries relations in the North Pacific Ocean among the three countries, stated that the abstention formula has in it intrinsic irration- ality since it is, in their view, actually de- signed for the protection of fishery industries of certain countries rather than for the con- servation of resources. The Japanese Dele- gation clarified its position that Japan cannot continue the present Convention having the abstention formula as its base, not only be- cause of the above essential reason, but be- cause of the fact that the great changes which have taken place in the factual circumstances surrounding the Convention during the past 10 years have given rise to many problems next to impossible of solution under the ab- stention formula. The Japanese Delegation took the position that the most realistic and practical solution is to replace the present Convention with a new one, They explained that in the draft Convention the abstention formula is replaced by the principle that joint conservation meas - ures will be established on a scientific and nondiscriminatory basis, and that the fishery management conducted by Canada and the United States will be given due consideration in determining joint conservation measures. Throughout the Conference, the Canadian Delegation supported the abstention principle on which the present Convention is based, as a sound, workable principle designed to pro- vide for conservation and rational utilization of special fisheries which could not long sur- vive without it. Regarding certain difficulties in the application of the terms of the Conven- tion which had appeared during the 10-year period since it came into force, the Canadian Delegation expressed confidence that these problems could be solved through agreed understandings and interpretation of the arti- cles of the Convention. They stated that experience showed that one of the important problems requiring solu- tion was that caused by the intermingling of fully-utilized stocks of halibut, which are under abstention, with other stocks of bottom fish which are not under abstention. The Ca- nadian Delegation proposed that a just solu- tion to this problem would be to agree that Japan, in carrying out fishing operations for bottom fish in the area south and east of the Alaskan peninsula, would not fish for halibut and would conduct the fishing operations in a manner which will not damage the halibut stocks. Vol. 25, No. 8 After a careful study of the new draft Con- vention submitted by the Japanese Delegation, the Canadian Delegation stated that the langu- age of the draft Convention was very general and that no clearly defined principle was in- cluded which would form the basis for protec- tion and continued development of the Pacific Coast fisheries of interest to Canadian fisher - men. It was pointed out that the Canadian salmon, halibut, and herring fisheries had been developed to a productive level as a re- sult of adherence by Canadian fishermen to restrictive fishing practices over many years and through costly development programs. The United States Delegation commented on the rapid growth of Japanese fisheries un- der the present Convention. They pointed out that with the understandings and clarifications proposed by the United States Delegation, this Convention would provide an even more effec- tive instrument for resolving the North Pacif- ic fishing problems, including those resulting from the westward migrations of Bristol Bay salmon. The United States Delegation stated that the Japanese draft Convention was unsuit- able in many important respects. They con- sidered that such criteria as it included were so generalas surely to lead to great difficulties in implementation and would provide little assur- ance regarding the actual conservation meas- ures which could finally be agreed upon by the Commission established to administer its pro- visions. They believed that the present Con- vention including the principle of abstention provides a clearly defined procedure for deal- ing with special situations where certain stocks of fish have been made more produc- tive by extraordinary efforts directed to re- search, strict limitations on fishing and other constructive measures. The present Conven- tion also has provisions for conservation of stocks not qualifying for abstention in terms that are Simpler and more straightforward than the draft Convention proposed by Japan. The United States Delegation concluded that the present Convention provided the best basis for resolving current North Pacific fish- ery problems and would provide sound and progressive precedents for the development of international practice in this field. The Conference discussed at length the proposals and views of the three Delegations but was unable at this meeting to reachagree- ment on terms for the future cooperation of the three countries on North Pacific fishery matters. The three Delegations considered that the Conference had been very useful in promoting mutual understanding of the views of each of the three Parties. August 1963 International (Contd.): It was agreed that it would be desirable to give further study to means of resolving the different views of the three countries in the light of the work of this Conference. The Conference therefore decided to adjourn and recommend to the three Governments that ef- forts to reach agreement be renewed at asec- ond Conference to be convened early in the fall of 1963. (The Conference took note of the hope of the Japanese Delegation that the next meeting be held in Tokyo in September.) He Kk OK OK CANADIAN FISHERIES MINISTER REPORTS ON CONFERENCE: While Canada, Japan, and the United States; agree that a convention between them is nec- essary to maintain the fisheries of the North Pacific in the interest of the fishing indus- tries of their respective countries, the Cana- dian Fisheries Minister reported to the House of Commons on June 24, 1963, that no agree- ment has been reached regarding modifica- tion of the International Convention for the High Seas Fisheries of the North Pacific Ocean. The Convention came into force on June 12, 1953, for a 10-year period, following which it could be terminated on one year's notice by either Canada, Japan, or the United States. The Fisheries Minister said that the 10-year period is now over and the recent conference in Washington was held at the re- quest of Japan to consider the possible need for modification of the Convention. While no agreement had been reached at the conference, the Fisheries Minister said that the problems, including the special pro- tection for Canada's unique salmon, halibut, and herring fisheries and the conservation of the North Pacific fisheries generally, can be solved within the framework of the present Convention, and that the Canadian delegation will in the discussions planned for later this year, endeavor to bring this about. In his report to the House of Commons, the Fisheries Minister said: ''The present Convention, alone among all fisheries trea- ties, embodies the principle of abstention. Under this principle if one or more of the parties are exploiting a fish stock to the full and are restricting their fishing by regula- tions based on scientific research in order to maintain that fish stock at a productive level, the other party or parties will abstain COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 73 from entering the fishery. In accordance with this principle Japan, under the present Con- vention, is required to abstain from fishing the important salmon, halibut, and herring stocks of North American origin, and Canada abstains from fishing salmon in the Bering Sea. Our fisheries have in this way had a very large measure of protection from the expanding Japanese high seas fishing opera- tions. There have been some difficulties in the application of the principle of abstention but our experts believe that no stocks which do not qualify now remain under abstention and that all stocks which qualify are under abstention. Continuation of the present Con- vention including the abstention principle is thus very important to the Pacific fisheries of Canada. "This Convention has not been popular in Japan because it has restricted the expansion of their fisheries in the northeastern Pacific. Early during the present negotiations the Jap- anese delegation proposed a revision of the treaty to eliminate the principle of abstention which they claim to be monopolistic and con- trary to generally accepted principles of free- dom of fishing on the high seas. With this principle removed, the Convention would pro- vide for joint conservation measures but would not afford protection to the fisheries which have been brought by Canada and the United States to high levels of utilization and produc- tivity through great efforts on the part of our two countries. During the negotiations the Canadian delegation supported the principle of abstention claiming that the last ten years have shown it to be an equitable and workable means of maintaining the unique fisheries to which it applies in the North Pacific. "Our delegation pointed out that the absten- tion principle had majority support at the Con- ference on the Law of the Sea and has achieved a large measure of international recognition. The Canadian delegation also pointed out that not only are the stocks of salmon, halibut, and herring, to which the abstention principle ap- plies, fully utilized by our fishermen but have been maintained at their present highly pro- ductive levels by strict regulation of our fish- eries based on scientific research. Further- more, our countries have brought these fish- eries to their present high levels of utiliza- tion and productivity at considerable cost, not only for research and enforcement of restric- tions on our fishermen but especially in the case of salmon through positive fish culture measures and through abstaining ourselves from using the rivers in which the salmon are bred for other purposes such as power 74 International (Contd.): development, irrigation, waste disposal, etc. The maintenance of these fisheries already difficult and expensive would become almost impossible if the benefits of these measures were not reserved for our own fishermen. The Canadian and United States delegations were in accord in insisting on the continued inclusion of the abstention principle in the North Pacific Treaty. "During the Conference there has been an exchange of views which has clarified the po- sitions of the three parties. The Convention has defined the problems and indicated ina preliminary way some of the possible means of solving them. One of the most difficult problems is caused by the intermingling on the fishing grounds of halibut, which require protection under the abstention principle, with larger stocks of other bottom fish which are not now intensively fished by the United States and Canada and from which Japan has no obligation to abstain. The problem here is to devise means by which Japan can make use of these stocks some of which are al- ready being fished extensively by the Soviet Union while, at the same time, affording pro- tection to the halibut fisheries which have been maintained at a high level by a Conven- tion between the United States and Canada which is one of the oldest and most success~ ful fisheries treaties in existence. "Although Canada, Japan, and the United States all agree that a Convention between our three countries is necessary to maintain the fisheries of the North Pacific in the in- terest of the fishing industries of our three countries, no agreement has yet been reached regarding modification of the present Conven- tion to this end. The Canadian delegation be- lieves that all these problems including both the special protection for our unique salmon, halibut, andherring fisheries and the conser- vation of the North Pacific fisheries general- ly can be solved within the framework of the present Convention and will endeavor, in the further discussions planned later this year, to bring this about." The Fisheries Minister reiterated that any tentative agreements reached during the negotiations will be fully discussed before Canada's Parliamentary Standing Committee on Marine and Fisheries before final accept- ance by the Government. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 JAPANESE POLITICAL PARTY'S VIEWS ON REVISION OF TREATY: The Japanese Socialist Party's Policy De- liberation Committee, on June 11, clarified the Party's views concerning the Japan-Unit- ed States-Canada Fisheries Treaty (North Pacific Fisheries Convention). Its purpose was to remind the Japanese Government of Japan's unchanged position that the present Treaty is entirely inequitable and that the voluntary abstention principle has no scien- tific, rational basis. The Japan Socialist Party insists that the Japanese Government should immediately give notice to the United States and Canada of Japan's intention to formally terminate the present Treaty, and that, during the one year between the time the notice is served and a new treaty con- cluded, the Government should carefully study developments, taking into consideration the views of the Japanese people. The Socialist Party's proposals for a new treaty are essentially as follows: (1) To secure maximum sustained produc- tivity and to serve the interest of mankind, the voluntary abstention principle must be eliminated and a new treaty concluded on the basis of equality, reciprocity, and freedom of the high seas. (2) To ensure sound management of fishing grounds and rational utilization of fishery re- sources, establishment of regulatory areas by kind of fishery should be permitted when necessary. (a) Within the regulatory areas, neces- sary controls, such as area restrictions (closing certain areas), catch restrictions, fishing season, size limits, and catch lim- its, should be established. (b) Regulatory areas and enforcement procedures may be changed if such action is warranted by evidence based on scien- tific studies undertaken by the commis- sion. (3) In view of the special characteristics of the salmon fishery, salmon resources in the high seas as well as in territorial waters should be managed under a unified system. (a) Fishery resource management should be conducted under a joint program. This program should be carried out by an international body to be established under August 1963 International (Contd.): the treaty or by the respective contracting parties. (b) Catch quantity should be determined through agreement among the contracting parties and should be based on evidence obtained from scientific studies of re- sources in both the high seas and in ter- ritorial waters. (c) Regulatory enforcement on the high seas should be conducted in accordance with the provisions outlined in Item 2. (4) To preserve and increase fishery re- sources, the contracting parties should con- duct necessary research severally or jointly and exchange data. (a) The Commission should manage fishery resources in accordance with the provisions of the treaty. (b) The Commission should conduct scientific investigations necessary to maintain, develop, and conserve fishery resources in treaty waters, collect and analyze data, determine whether it is nec- essary or advisable to establish joint reg- ulatory measures, and transmit recom- mendations to the contracting parties. (c) Decisions of the Commission should be based on the mutual consent of all con- tracting parties. (5) Each contracting party, upon receiving notice of the Commission's recommendations, should establish domestic measures to im- plement such recommendations. (6) Each contracting party, for the purpose of rendering effective the provisions of the treaty, should enact and enforce necessary laws and regulations, with regard to its na- tionals and fishing vessels, with appropriate penalties against violations thereof and to transmit to the Commission a report on any action taken by it with regard thereto. (7) When a person or fishing vessel vio- lates the provisions of the treaty, only au- thorities of the contracting party to which the offending person or fishing vessel be- longs may try said person or vessel andim- pose penalties. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 15 (8) The new treaty should continue in force for a period of ten years. (Suisan Keizai Shim- bun, June 12, 1963.) AMENDMENT TO CONVENTION ENTERS INTO FORCE: An amendment of the annex to the Interna- tional Convention for the High Seas Fisheries of the North Pacific Ocean of May 9, 1952, as amended, permits Japan to fish for halibut in a restricted area of the eastern Bering Sea. The amendment is to paragraphs i(a) and 1(b) of the annex. It was adopted at Seattle on No- vember 17, 1962, at the ninth meeting of the In- ternational North Pacific Ocean Fisheries Com- mission. Acceptances were deposited by Cana- da on May 8, 1963; by Japanon February 26, 1963; and by the United States on March 23,1963. The amendment entered into force on May 8, 1963. NORTHWEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES COMMISSION THIRTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING HELD IN HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA: The 13th annual meeting of the Internation- al Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Commission was held at Halifax, Nova Scotia, June 3-7, 1963. The Commission is concerned with the investigation and conservation of the major fisheries of the Northwest Atlantic. All 13 member countries were represented. The United States was represented at the meeting by three commissioners, industry advisors, and technical advisors from the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Some of the actions and discussions at the meeting of interest to the fishing industry were: (1) The possibilities of establishing minimum trawl mesh sizes in Subarea 5 (Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank south to the vicinity of Block Island) for bottom species other than cod and haddock and minimum ring sizes for sea-scallop dredges. No action was taken in- asmuch as there were Still insufficient data upon which the Commission could make recommendations. (2) On the matter of international enforcement of ICNAF regulations further progress was made when it was agreed to seek amendments to the Convention au- thorizing the Commission to make recommendations to Member Governments for measures of national and in- ternational control in the Convention Area. (3) In discussing problems arising from different fishing customs and interpretations of navigation Rules of the Road by vessels of various nationalities in the Convention Area, it was decided that all Member Na- tions should be informed of the practices employed by the fishing fleet of each nation. This would draw at- 76 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW International (Contd.): tention to any incompatible fishing procedures which can be taken under advisement by the Commission. (4) Of interest were preliminary statistics of the So- viet catch in the Georges Bank area for 1962. The catches consisted primarily of 151,000 metric tons of adult sea herring and 42,000 metric tons of silver hake (whiting). The United States has no high-seas fishery for adult herring, but does have an extensive fishery for small herring or the sardines utilized by the Maine canneries. The Soviet catch (44,202 tons) for whiting was nearly equal to that of the United States fleet dur- ing the same period. From discussion it was indicated that the Soviet catches of herring and whiting were taken with trawl nets of 40 millimeters (about 14 inch- es) stretched mesh size. This is somewhat smaller mesh gear than is used by any of the United States fleet fishing off New England for species other than cod or haddock, The sea herring and whiting fisheries in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean are not regulated by mesh size. (5) Talks regarding an agreement between the Inter- national Council for Exploration of the Sea, the Food and Agriculture Organization, and ICNAF on a joint re- porting form for fishery statistics of the North Atlan- tic resulted in a new form being introduced. It was agreed that all European members of ICNAF would be- gin using the new form immediately, but that Canada and the United States will continue to use present forms through 1963, (6) The only new information on long-term mesh assessments issued by the Assessment Working Group during the year were those on ocean perch (redfish) for Subarea 5, (7) Examination of catch and effort data for Subarea 5 lead to the conclusion that the present level of effort on cod is probably higher than that which would give the maximum sustained catch with qi" mesh, the legal mesh size. For haddock the present levels of effort appear to provide landings near the sustainable maxi- mum. Further increases in effort would not, in the long run, increase the total landings and could cause them to decrease. (8) An analysis was made of the differences between natural and synthetic twines. Selection factors for the main types of polyamid (nylon, etc.) and polyester (tery- lene) were 12 to 20 percent higher than for double ma- nila fibers of the same mesh size--meaning that the synthetics allowed more fish of slightly larger sizes to escape, (9) Plans for an Environmental Symposium to be held in Rome on January 27 to February 1, 1964, are in an advanced state of preparation. At the meeting it was decided to add another section to the Symposium on "ICNAF Herring and the Environment." (10) The first phase of the Environmental Survey (NORWESTLANT) in Greenland waters was success- fully completed in April and May by vessels of France, Norway, United Kingdom, and U.S.S.R. The second phase involving vessels of Canada, Denmark, Germany, and Iceland was in progress while the meeting was taking place. The third and last phase was planned for July. The results will be published by ICNAF as Vol. 25, No. 8 soon as possible. The Canadian Oceanographic data Center is processing the hydrographic data. (11) Recommended that the Continuing Working Party (a joint ICES/FAO/ICNAF statistical committee) con- tinue in existence, as being the best means of providing the essential liaison between the three international agen- cies responsible for compiling and publishing North At- lantic fishery statistics. (12) Some progress was made in resolving fish age- determination problems and new techniques of otolith preparation and photography were demonstrated. Plans were made for the exchange of otoliths along withblack and white photos or transparencies on which different readers can record their interpretation. (13) Considerable attention was given to chafing gear. All countries were requested to provide the Secretariat diagrams and descriptions of the types of chafing gear now in use aboard their vessels. Changes were proposed in the regulations that would make illegal the use of any top-side chafer that would obstruct or diminish the size of the meshes of the trawl's cod end. Countries will be formally notified of the proposed changes. (14) It was proposed that ICNAF consider adopting the ICES minimum mesh of 120 mm. (to be adopted by ICES on June 1, 1964) for taking cod and haddock throughout the ICNAF area. Present minimum legal size trawl mesh is 43'' (114 mm.) inSubareas 4and 5, and 4" (102 mm.) in Subarea 3, Commission members agreed to study these problems during the year and attempt to find solutions at next year's meeting. New officers elected for coming year (1963/64) and for next year's meeting were: Klaus Sunnanaa, Norway, as Chairman, and Frank P. Briggs, United States, as Vice Chairman, ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT FISHERIES COMMITTEE MEETS: The Fisheries Committee of the Organiza- tion for Economic Cooperation and Develop- ment (OECD) met at Paris, France, July 1-3, 1963. The agenda for this meeting covered: (1) a study of subsidies and other financial support in member countries; (2) suggestions for the 1963-1964 general program of work; (3) sanitary regulations for canned fish; and (4) operational and technical cooperation pro- grams for 1964. The United States representative at the meet- ing was A, W. Anderson, Regional Fisheries At- tache, United States Embassy, Copenhagen. INTERNATIONAL PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES COMMISSION RESEARCH PROGRAM REORGANIZED: A reorganization of the research program of the International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission is under way to meet the conser- vation problems arising from rapid industri- August 1963 International (Contd.): alization of the Fraser River Basin, accord- ing to the chairman of the Commission. Many of the problems of salmon manage- ment have been solved on the Fraser River, the chairman stated. However, he added, we are still faced with the growing problem of pollution, the failure of hatcheries to replace successfully natural spawning grounds, and our inability to transplant successfully large self-sustaining runs of either sockeye or pink salmon. In 1962, the Commission completed an experimental laboratory at Cultus Lake and has been searching for highly trained men to expand the research into several special problems facing the Commission, During the first year of operation at Cultus Lake Labor- atory, most of the research has been directed to finding the weaknesses inherent in salmon hatchery methods. A scientist, who is re- ceiving his doctorate in physiology at the Uni- versity of British Columbia, is in charge of both the hatchery research and the over-all operations of the research station. The Commission chairman stated, ''that with the growth of industry and towns in the Fraser watershed, the Commission was ob- ligated to the Federal Government and to the people for aiding in the technical solution of the highly varied and growing pollution prob- lem.'"' 'We must work as partners with gov- ernment and industry toward the proper con- trol of waste products,'' added the head of the new pollution research program. A scientist from the University of Toronto will be in charge of a research section deal- ing with the problems involved in the trans- plantation of salmon and their tolerances to environmental changes. The Commission's decision to expand its research effort was based on the fact that suf- ficient data were not being obtained from out- side sources to meet the Commission's tech- nical requirements for protecting Fraser Riv- er sockeye and pink salmon. TERRITORIAL WATERS ECUADOR, CHILE, AND PERU MAY BAN FOREIGN VESSELS FROM '' TERRITORIAL' WATERS: Chile, Peru, and Ecuador are reported to be formulating plans to shut out foreign fish- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 77 ing vessels from offshore waters claimed as territorial seas (jurisdiction over 200 miles off their coasts) by those countries. Concern- ing foreign fishing operations in offshore wa- ters bordering those countries, the Foreign Minister of the Chilean Government on May 28 is said to have remarked as follows: BR. HONDURAS Se KOM ee REPUBLIC we vamaica HAITI GUATEMALA & EL SALVADOR foes CM : bi ee odes ane "The United States and European fishing vessels are ravaging the fishery resources belonging to Chile, Peru, and Ecuador. Wan- ton intrusions by those foreign vessels into our territorial waters have dealt a grave blow to the fisheries of our three countries. The Chilean Government, in cooperation with Peru and Ecuador, plans to shut out foreign fishing vessels from territorial waters bordering our three nations.'' (Reported by the Japanese periodical Suisan Keizai Shimbun, May 30, 1963.) TRADE FAIRS WORLD FISHING EXHIBITION HELD IN LONDON, ENGLAND, MAY 27-31, 1963: A wide variety of marine engines, fishing nets, gear, and equipment was shown by over 200 exhibitors from major manufacturing countries at the World Fishing Exhibition which was held at Earls Court, London, Eng- land, May 27-31, 1963. The items displayed included filleting machines, freeze-drying equipment, net-making machines, and an electronic device for testing the freshness of fish. This device, according to the West Ger- 78 International (Contd.): man manufacturer, ''measures the freshness of fish instantly (one second)," The Exhibition was sponsored by leading fisheries organizations in the United Kingdom, World Fishing Magazine, and the London Chamber of Commerce. It was conveniently arranged to coincide with the meeting in Lon- don of the Second World Fish Gear Congress which was sponsored by the Food and Agri- culture Organization of the United Nations. (United States Embassy, Copenhagen, June &, 135) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1963 p. 44. INTERNATIONAL WHALING COMMISSION FIFTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING: The Fifteenth Meeting of the International Whaling Commission was held in London, July 1-5, 1963. This session was concerned with progress in the program of scientific studies of whale resources which will serve as an objective basis for effective conserva- tion measures, At its Fifteenth Meeting the Commission resolved as follows: (1) No change in the opening and closing dates of the Antarctic baleen whaling season. (2) Complete suspension of whaling for humpbacks in the Southern Hemisphere. At the end of three years the Commission should review the position to determine whether any other action should be undertaken. (3) Complete suspension of whaling for blue whales in the waters south of 40 degrees south latitude except in the waters north of 55 degrees south latitude from 0 degrees longitude eastwards to 80 degrees east longi- tude. (4) By July 1964, the Commission's regu- lations on whaling should be consistent with the conclusions of the work on assessment of whale stocks carried out by the Committee of Three (composed of one man each from the United States, Canada, and the Food and Agriculture Organization). (5) Catch limit of 10,000 blue-whale units for the 1963/64 season. (6) Accepted the invitation from the Gov- ernment of Norway to hold the Sixteenth An- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 nual Meeting in Sandefjord, Norway, during the week of June 22, 1964. The United States delegation consisted of A. Remington Kellogg, United States Commis- sioner, J. Laurence McHugh, Deputy Commis- sioner, and three United States Government officials who acted as advisers. The International Whaling Commission was established in 1948 for the purpose of pre- serving the dwindling whale stocks through scientific study and regulation of catches. UNESCO INTERNATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMISSION MEETING OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE INVESTIGATIONS OF THE TROPICAL ATLANTIC: A meeting of the International Cooperative Investigations of the Tropical Atlantic (ICITA), a component of the UNESCO International Oceanographic Commission, was held in Paris, France, July 2-5, 1963. The purpose of the meeting was to: (1) review EQUALANT I Midwinter Survey of the Equatorial Atlantic, consisting of some 14 ships of 7 nations be- tween 20° North and 20° South, and between West Africa and South America; (2) review proposals for EQUALANT II (scheduled for August 1, 1963), involving the same geograph- ic area as EQUALANT I and some change in vessels; (3) review proposals for EQUALANT III (scheduled for midwinter of 1964), to be centered in the area of the Gulf of Guinea north to the Canary Islands; and (4) review proposals of the National Oceanographic Data Center for preparation and publication of ICITA Data Reports and Atlases, The United States was represented by Thomas §S. Austin, Chairman, International Coordinator of the Exploration of the Tropi- cal Atlantic, and two advisers (one from the Department of State and one from the Nation- al Oceanographic Data Center). WHALING ANTARCTIC CATCH, 1962/63 SEASON: The expeditions of the 5 nations participa- ting in Antarctic. whaling caught a total of 11,299 blue whale units during the 1962/63 season, compared with an Antarctic catch of 15,253 units in the 1961/62 and 16,453 units in the 1960/61 seasons. The decline in the catch was due mainly to a reduction in the number of operating fleets (table). August 1963 International (Contd.): COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 79 Antarctic Whaling Fleets, 1962/63 Season With Comparisons = 1962/63 Factoryships and Catcher Vessels, by Countries, 1960/61-1962/63 Catcher Vessels Factoryships Average catch, all countries . Season 1961/62 1960/61 Factoryships | Catcher Vessels | Factoryships | Catcher Vessel (Number) Caco o oO Doo oO Oo Dd 86 a 83 71 8 81 67 3 52 22 C4 22 1) 1 14 261 21 252 1960/61 (Blue-Whale Units) 0.86 0.64 0.57 0.66 0.56 0.69 The similarity between the average catch [ since 1944, has warned of depletion in his rate per unit of effort during the last two sea- sons may give a deceptive picture of present whale stocks. With the reduction in operating fleets, it would be reasonable to assume that the least efficient units were eliminated. Un- der equal conditions, such a reduction in catcher vessels ought to have resulted ina somewhat larger average catch per day's ef- fort. But this did not occur, and steadily de- clining catch rates are sharply evident when comparisons are made with earlier seasons. The 1962/63 Antarctic season opened on December 12, 1962, for fin and sei whales, and on February 1, 1963, for blue whales. Humpback whales were completely protected in certain areas, and in the other areas they could be taken only during a very limited pe- riod in late January. Whaling operations were completed on April 7, 1963. During the 1962/63 Antarctic season, the average hunt- ing period for participating vessels was 111 days. (Norwegian Whaling Gazette, April 1963.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1963 p. 85, Sept. 1962 p. S9. Australia MARINE BIOLOGIST WARNS OF DECLINE IN SPINY LOBSTER RESOURCE: A Perth, Australia, marine biologist, who has been studying the spiny lobster fishery re- cently published book, ''The Western Austra- lian Crayfishery, 1944-61.'' The study fol- lows the growth of the industry from the initial catch of 600,000 pounds to one of 19 million pounds in 1961. At the beginning of the spiny lobster fishery, only the shallow-water reefs close to shore were fished. Now, powerful vessels fish the offshore reefs, where the risks and the costs are big, but the catch is often small. The statistical tables in the book show that in the easily fished reefs, the spiny lobsters have declined, and there are more fishermen hunting for them. The biologist points out that the market for spiny lobster is a luxury market and that good prices have been paid. He says that this has offset the high costs and wasteful compe- tition between all the vessels. There is no guarantee that prices will stay high; he considers they will fall. The present annual export of frozen spiny lobster tails is about 6 million pounds. He estimates that, in a few years, the market will shrink to three- quarters or half that figure. People will be driven out of the industry. In other fisheries, experience has shown that others are always prepared to take their place, and live at lower standards. He feels that wise management is helping to offset this tend- ency. 80 Australia (Contd.): The biologist considers that the Govern- ment can get nowhere without the support of the fishermen and says that there are laws designed to conserve spiny lobster stocks, but they are hard to enforce. Fishermen need to understand and obey them voluntarily, for their own good, he states. He added, there can be no security while the immature spiny lobsters are being killed. He says he would like to see bigger es- cape gaps in the lobster pots, which would let all the small spiny lobsters escape before the pots are pulled up. Big escape gaps have been made compulsory in parts of Europe, he says, andthese shouldbe tested commercially in Australia. The inner Abrolhos waters are already overfished, and so are the shallow reefs near Fremantle and Geraldton. But north of Ge- raldton, about 20 miles from shore, the spiny lobsters are still abundant. (Fish Trades Re- view, April 1963.) DEVELOPMENT OF A DEEP-WATER TUNA FISHERY BEING STUDIED: An Australian team of experts will investi- gate the possibility of developing deep-water tuna fishing in waters near Australia, the Minister for Primary Industry, announced in May this year. The Minister states, ''Tuna are known to be present in large quantities off the Austra- lian coast, but the types of vessel and gear required to catch them, and especially the costs of such operations, present problems. The live bait and pole method used by Australian fishermen to catch tuna in the shallow waters close to the coast is not ap- plicable to deep-water fishery. "A team of experts will visit Japan, Ha- waii, and Samoa to investigate the technical and economic aspects of introducing to Aus- tralia the longline method of catching tuna. "Tt is expected that the investigations will take about three months and that the experts' report will indicate to the Government and to the fishing industry the prospects of success- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 fully developing a deep-water tuna fishery on a commercial basis.'' (Pacific Islands Month- ly, June 1963.) WHALE OIL INDUSTRY TRENDS, FISCAL YEAR 1962/63: Australian whale oil production has fallen rapidly in the last two seasons and is expected to drop even further in fiscal year 1963/64 (July 1963-June 1964). Only two whaling sta- tions (both on the west coast) are expected to operate this season. With the help of a re- search grant from the Australian Government, an attempt is being made to improve the west coast operation by concentrating on sperm whale stocks. On the Australian eastern seaboard, where humpback whales have been very scarce, the whaling stations at Byron Bay, Tangalooma, and Norfolk Island have been shut down and their assets have been offered for sale. Declining production is expected to sharply reduce Australia's whale oil exports in fiscal year 1963/1964, while whale oil imports should show a moderate increase. New Zealand has Australian Supply and Distribution of Whale Oil, Fiscal Years 1959/60 Through 1962/63 Supply: Opening stocks!/ , Production2/ Total supply Distribution: Exportsin ci iisive Domestic consumption: Margarine and shortening Other usesl/...... Closing stocks1/ Total distribution. . . 1/Estimated, 2/Includes production on Norfolk Island. Note: Official data in Imperial gallons, converted to pounds with the factor 9.25. ee 1 8, 920 130,925 | [30,925 [36, 683 45, 449] i been Australia's leading supplier of imported whale oil. (United States Embassy, Canberra, May 8, 1963.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1963 p. 58, Octo- ber 1962 p. 47. August 1963 Brazil COMMITTEE TO STUDY ADHERENCE TO GENEVA CONVENTION ON LAW OF THE SEA: On June 11, 1963, the Brazilian Foreign Office announced that (pursuant to Decree No. 52.052 of May 24, 1963), aCommission witha mandate of six months has been formed to study and to make recommendations as to Brazil's ‘eventual adhesion" to the 1958 Gen- eva Conventions on the Law of the Sea. The Commission is composed of a chairman, 10 members, and a secretary. (United States Embassy, Rio de Janeiro, June 14, 1963.) Canada BRITISH COLUMBIA FISHING INDUSTRY SPOKESMEN OBJECT TO NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES TREATY REVISION: Spokesmen for the British Columbia fish- ing industry are reported as having stated that acceptance of the new North Pacific Ocean fishing regulations proposed by Japan would be a disaster for Canada. The press report adds that the spokesmen said Canada and the United States should do their utmost to keep Japanese fishermen out of the east- ern Pacific. One of the spokesmen was identified as the Secretary-Manager of the Fisheries As- sociation of British Columbia who reported- ly said, ''If the Japanese were able to fish for salmon on the high seas it would be disas- trous for Canada's Pacific fishing industry. We will just have to hope that Canada and the United States can keep the abstention prin- ciple in the treaty itself." The leader of the Fishermen's Union re- portedly made the following statement to the press: ''The Japanese draft shows Japan is out to seize all Canada's fishery resources. The Fisheries Minister should tell the Japa- nese that, treaty or no treaty, any action as they have announced will be considered as contrary to the interests of Canada and will be dealt with accordingly. Canada should set forth a minimum proposal for a four-nation treaty, including Russia, banning all mid- ocean fishing." * x % + x COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 81 FISHERY SCHOLARSHIPS AWARDED: The Fisheries Research Board of Canada has awarded 11 scholarships for 1963/64 to graduate students in various fields of marine biology and oceanography. The scholarships, valued at $2,400 each, are awarded annually through competition based on scholastic abil- ity. (Information Service, Canadian Depart- ment of Fisheries, Ottawa, June 3, 1963.) He OK eR Ok GREAT LAKES INSTITUTE RESEARCH PROGRAM FOR 1963: In 1960, the Great Lakes Institute was es- tablished in the University of Toronto. The Institute was charged with the responsibility of encouraging research on the Great Lakes, and supplying research facilities for graduate students in limnology and oceanography. An important aid to the Institute's studies is the use of the research vessel Porte Dau- phine, which is operated by the Canadian De- partment of Transport. A number of launch- es and small boats provide support for small- er field studies. Cooperating universities, the Ontario Water Resources Commission, and the Ontario Department of Lands and Forests also make laboratories and facilities avail- able to Great Lakes Institute personnel. A major part of the Institute's 1963 pro- gram consists of general purpose lakewide surveys of Lake Erie and Lake Huron. At approximately one-month intervals, about 60 stations are occupied in each lake to collect physical and chemical data, meteorological data, zooplankton samples, and bottom samples for bottom fauna and geological studies. Water temperature data and meteorologi- cal data are being combined in studies of the energy budgets of the lakes, ice formation, and the influence of the lakes upon weather. A magnetometer survey is being conducted in Georgian Bay and Lake Huron. Seismic (sparker) surveys are planned for parts of Lake Erie in conjunction with geologic stud- ies of the bottom sediments in that lake. The Institute is also supporting studies of diffusion in water by dye techniques in western Lake Erie. Special physical, meteorological, and bio- logical studies are being carried on concur- 82 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REIVEW Canada (Contd.): rently at Douglas Point in Lake Huron at the site of anatomic reactor power plant. Anoth- er project is concerned with the development of suitable shallow-water and deep-water tow- ers for use in the continuous recording of meteorological and limnological data out in the open waters of the Great Lakes. The in- strumentation for the towers is also under test. The University of Toronto maintains an office to process and record the Institute's research data which is later published in an- nual reports. (Newsletter, National Oceano- graphic Data Center, May 31, 1963.) JOINT LAKE ERIE RESEARCH PROJECT WITH UNITED STATES PROPOSED: The Canadian Department of External Af- fairs has proposed a joint Canadian-United States project for study of Lake Erie ona broad scientific basis, to be carried out dur- ing 1963 and 1964. Approval by the Canadian Government of this project is probable. (United States Embassy, Ottawa, June 4, 1963.) 1962 PACK OF PINK SALMON CAUSES MARKETING PROBLEMS: The very large pack of British Columbia canned pink salmon in 1962, despite some- what improved market prospects due both to the devaluation of the Canadian dollar and to the lower prices, presented the canners with a major marketing problem. The over-all result of the good 1962 pack was that by the end of April 1963, only 648,564 cases of pink salmon had been sold, leaving an inventory of 612,375 cases. In terms of past experience, it was believed that at the end of the marketing year, June 30, 1963, Canadian canners would have about 450,000 to 525,000 cases of pinks still unsold. The price of canned pink salmon has been lowered steadily in order to meet the Japanese and United States competition, andto sell as many cases as possible. In August 1962, dueto the fact that the companies were paying higher prices for pinks and had recently granted wage increases to both shoreworkers and tendermen, the export prices were set at Vol. 25, No. 8 C$27.50 for halves (8-oz. 96 cans/cs.), and $26.00 for talls (16-oz. 48 cans/cs.), a mod- erate increase over 1961. By the end of Au- gust 1962, it was clear that the Canadian and United States packs would be very large, and prices were reduced immediately to $26.00 and $24.00 for halves and talls, respectively. In October 1962, in order to stimulate greater sales in the United Kingdom, a promotional allowance of 60 cents per case was offered on minimum purchases of 2,500 cases. In April 1963, in an effort to achieve an in- creased distribution of Canadian pink talls in the British market, a special price of $22.00, less a promotional allowance of $1.50 a case, was set. The effect of this price reduction of $3.50 per case is an anticipated sale of at least 25,000 cases of this size in the United Kingdom, traditionally a half-pound and quar- ter-pound market. The Japanese who had a carryover of a- bout 200,000 cases (98 cans/cs.) of pink halves from the 1962 pack reduced their price in May 1963 by $2.00 per case to export markets. In an endeavor to meet this competition, Canadi- an packers further reduced their price on pink halves by $2.50 per case. In summary, in August 1962, the initial ex- port prices were set at $27.50 for halves, and $26.00 for talls, slightly higher than in 1961. Since then, in an effort to promote and increase the market for pinks, the prices were gradual- ly reduced to the May 1963 prices of $23.50 for halves and $20.50 for talls. In the Canadian market, too, the price of pinks has been reduced over the year in order to move the large stocks which remained un- sold, and on which the storage costs were heavy. It can be said, therefore, that in the export and domestic markets, the canners have been realistic in their efforts to promote sales. In addition, Canadian representatives traveled to all the Common Market countries, to the Unit- ed Kingdom, as well as to both Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the large carryover of pinks, there will likely be about 70,000 cases of sock- eye which remain unsold from the 1962 season, and the carryover of coho willbe in the vicin- ity of 100,000 cases. (Fisheries Association of B. C., May 1963.) % August 1963 Canada (Contd.): MARKET FOR FISHERY PRODUCTS IN UNITED KINGDOM, 1961-62: Landings of fishery products in the United Kingdom rank slightly below Canada and con- stitute only one-quarter of one percent of the gross national product. The industry employs a great many people, however, and adds much to the British diet. Per capita consumption of fish exceeds 18 pounds a year. Annual landings of fresh and frozen fish total about 850,000 long tons, 15 percent of which is supplied by other countries. Nearly half of the foreign landings are made direct- ly by fishing vessels. Nearly 85 percent of the fish landed in Britain is still eaten fresh and the short dis- tances from the ports to the main consump- tion areas make it possible for deliveries to be made within 24 hours. Because of restric- tions on some traditional fishing grounds, British trawlers now have to make longer voyages. There are improved methods of freezing a larger portion of the catch at sea, but the installation of these facilities will necessarily take some time. Meanwhile housewives are beginning to realize that fish frozen on the day it is caught is a better buy, even though it may have traveled hun- dreds of miles after freezing. This has led to larger imports of frozen fish from Ice- land, Norway, and a number of other coun- tries, including Canada. The production of quick-frozen fish has increased sharply in recent years and an unofficial estimate puts the 1962 figure for frozen fish sticks at 44 million pounds, There are 30 brands of frozen fish packs produced in Britain, using 15 types of fish in various forms as well as shellfish special- ties. Thesizes range from three ounces for smoked salmon to 16 ounces for fillets of cod, haddock, plaice, and lemon sole, but the majority of fish products are put up in 8- ounce and 14-ounce packs. In addition, cod and haddock, the most popular varieties, are marketed in 7-ounce and 12-ounce packs, skinless and boneless cod in 6-ounce, and skinless cod in 74-ounce and 13-ounce packs. Britain's exports of fish and fish prepara- tions increased in value from C$18.9 million in 1961 to $21 million in 1962. They are far outweighed by imports, which rose from C$128.4 million to $180.6 million over the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 83 same period. Japan was the principal supplier of 1962 imports with shipments valued at $80.7 million, followed by Norway ($21 million) and Denmark ($14.7 million). Canada, with $13.8 million, ranked fourth and increased its sales by $3.6 million over the previous year. Out of total fisheries imports of C$180.6 million, canned salmon accounted for $90 mil- lion, almost double the 1961 figure. The quan- tity rose from 47 million pounds to 93.2 mil- lion pounds, and Japan was responsible for nearly four-fifths of the trade in both years. The table gives the value of imports from the main suppliers in 1957 (the last full year in which canned salmon was under import quota) and in the last two years. Imports of Canned Salmon into Britain Origin 1962 1957 ch jeMielte te® ete) tele) e116 es © © © wo we ow 33,246 British import statistics do not list the various species of salmon separately, but the latest available information on Canadian ex- ports shows that, although shipments of can- ned chum salmon were made at approximate- ly the same rate as in 1961, the amount of cohoe increased by 50 percent. The demand for pinks rose throughout 1962 and the 1961 figure was exceeded in the first six months. The efforts of Canadian exporters to dispose of the record pack of pinks resulted in in- creased shipments during the later months and by the end of November the total was three times the 1961 figure. The demand for sock- eye, Canadian shipments of which exceeded all other varieties combined in 1961, could not be satisfied in 1962 because of the small pack and Canadian sales fell by 30 percent. There has been a growing trend in recent years to market canned salmon in Britain un- der the importer's label and consequently on- ly a small proportion of Canadian shipments appears on the shelves with the packer's own label. With the rising standard of living in Brit- ain, there is a continuing demand for canned lobster, andimports from Canada in 1962 a- mounted to over $500,000, double the 1961 fig- ure. In 1961, the demand for Canadian can- ned sild (sardines) could not be met because 84 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Canada (Contd.): of the poor season, but in 1962 the supply position improved considerably and this en- abled Canadian exporters to double their shipments. A small amount of business was done in other Canadian canned products, in- cluding kipper snacks and lobster paste. Britain's imports of chilled or frozen fish totaled nearly 35,000 long tons in 1961; two- thirds was in the form of fillets. Canada's share of the total was more than 3,800 tons valued at C$3 million and was made up of 1,800 tons of fillets (principally cod but in- cluding some haddock), 800 tons of whole or dressed salmon, and1,200 tons of other forms (mainly cod blocks). Norway and Iceland are the principal suppliers of frozen cod and haddock fillets, with Denmark supplying the bulk of the plaice. Imports of all fillets from these and other European countries rose in 1962 but imports from Canada fell consider- ably, partly because the prices obtainable in the United States were higher. Imports of frozen salmon in 1961 totaled 2,800 tons, 800 of which came from Canada, 1,000 from Japan, 750 from Norway, and 100 each from the United States and Poland. There was a record run of salmon in Scot- land and Ireland in 1962 and at one Stage it looked as if the proportion being sent for freezing would seriously curtail imports. The 1962 import figures are incomplete but it is clear that, although imports of Atlantic salmon from Canada and Norway were small- er, imports of Pacific salmon increased and the total of all types imported from Canada was greater than in 1961. About 40 percent of the frozen salmon imported into Britain, including nearly all weighing 6 pounds or more, goes into the production of smoked salmon. Althoughthere is some preference for Japanese chum over the Canadian on the grounds of greater uni- formity of color, the smoking trade in Brit- ain considers that Canadian troll-caught co- hoe or Silver salmon is more suitable than Japanese chum because of uniformity of size, quality, and color as well as more attractive prices. In 1962, Canadian exporters took ad- vantage of this preference for their cohoe by trebling shipments over the 1961 figure. British importers are equally interested in buying frozen halibut from Canada but they were not prepared to pay the high prices in 1962 and the bulk of their purchases were Vol. 25, No. 8 made in Japan. Frozen lobster meat from Canada is also in demand in Britain but the available supplies did not permit an increase in exports in 1962. The outlook for Canadian canned and fro- zen fish in the British market appears gener- ally encouraging. Shipments of frozen fillets may fluctuate with the supply on both sides of the Atlantic, but there is a growing demand for specialty items, including shrimp, cod roe, eels, and live lobsters. (Foreign Trade, a Canadian Government periodical, March 9, 1963.) Note: British pounds converted to Canadian dollars at rate of b1 equals C$3.00. Kk KKK BRITISH COLUMBIA WHALING COMPANY HOPES FOR BETTER SEASON IN 1963: Five vessels of a British Columbia whal- ing company left to hunt whales in late April this year, confident of a better season than they had in 1962. At west coast Canadian whaling station skilled workers use flens- ing knives to strip off blubber. measure whale. Giant calipers are used to Two factors gave them some hope that 1963 will prove a better year. The weather was poor last year and there are prospects of some improvement. The other encourag- ing factor is the acquisition of two new and faster catcher vessels. These, according to an official of the firm, are capable of almost five knots more than the previous vessels and speed is essential in capturing the whales and making a quick delivery to the company's station at Coal Harbor for processing. The sixth vessel of the 1963 fleet was due to join the fleet later in the season. August 1963 Canada (Contd.): According to the general manager of the firm, there will be no change in the plan of operation this year. The agreement with the fishermen's union with respect to wages and benefits remains practically unchanged from 1962. The only significant change, according to Union officials, was a reduction of C$6.00 in board charges. However, the contract comes up for revision before any whaling op- eration gets under way in 1964. (Canadian Fisherman, June 1963.) Caroline Islands U.S. FIRM TO ESTABLISH A TUNA FREEZING AND FISHING PROJECT: A west coast United States firm is to es- tablish a commercial fisheries project at Koror, Palau, in the Caroline Islands Group of the United States Trust Territory of the Pacific. A contract between the Trust Territory Government and the United States firm calls for the establishment of extensive fishing op- erations, a plant for freezing tuna, and the training of Micronesians both ashore and afloat. Fish frozen at Koror will probably be exported to the United States firm's can- neries elsewhere. An official press release says: ''The open- ing of Palau to commercial fishing marks the first major step towards large-scale develop- ment of the most important natural resource of the Trust Territory, and is expected to lead to similar enterprises in other districts of the Territory, thus stimulating the local economy through increased employment and a higher level of income."' (Pacific Islands Monthly, May 1963.) at Chile PLANS TO TIGHTEN CONTROL OVER FOREIGN FISHING VESSEL LICENSES: Provisions designating the Chilean Minis - try of Agriculture as the sole authorizing agency for foreign fishing vessel permits were contained in Decree No. 332 signed by the President June 4, 1963, and sent to the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 85 Chilean Office of the Comptroller General for approval. These would permit foreign vessels (not working for national plants) to operate within Chile's declared 200-mile fishing limits. The permits had been available from the Chil- ean Consul at the home port of foreign ves- sels. Under the new Decree, requests for per- mits may be forwarded through the Consul or sent directly to the Ministry of Agriculture by mail. Chile expects a substantial increase in its tuna fleet and feels that there must be more effective protection of its marine resources. Only two licenses were sold to United States vessels in 1962. The general thinking along the northern coast of Chile is that foreign fishing fleets are taking fish which eventual- ly would be caught by Chilean fishermen. (United States Embassy, Santiago, June 29, 1963.) Denmark BALTIC FISHERMEN REPORT SOVIET INTERFERENCE: During the last week in May 1963, Danish newspapers car- ried reports of Danish fishing vessels being forced from fish- ing grounds inthe southeastern portion of the Baltic Sea near Poland by Soviet warships because naval exercises were to be held in the area, The first report stated a number of cutters from Bornholm, Danish island in the Baltic south of Sweden, were forced to depart in haste, leaving their gear in the sea. One cutter was reported to have been takento a Pol- ish harbor. Another vessel left 3,000 cod hooks in the water. The skipper was informed he could pick them up again in three days, A‘salmon cutter left long-lines with about 10,000 hooks, A few cutters were permitted to haul their gear be- fore being sent out of the exercise area which reached 21 nautical miles out from the coast. A second report stated that warning shots were fired after Danish trawler skippers ignored three Soviet requests to leave, The trawlers then departed from the area, leaving their gear, Danish naval authorities on Bornholm had not heard of shots being fired. 86 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Denmark (Contd.): A third report stated that the cutter Talone had re- turned to Bornholm on May 27 after being forced from the area by Soviet warships. It reported that on May 23 a Russian vessel made clear to the Danish vessels that they should depart. Since the latter were in international waters they did not move. Shortly afterwards, the Russian vessel fired at the cutter, presumably tracer bullets. One hit the forward rail of the vessel but did no damage. A larger Rus- sian warship then approached the cutter in such a manner that it was forced to sail away. The cutter had its salmon long-lines out but had started to haul back when the Soviet vessel appeared, so it left 2,400 hooks in the water. Swedish vessels were reported to have had similar diffi- culties, The Swedish coastal fishermen’s central associa- tion had complained to the Foreign Ministry, requesting that a protest be made to the Soviet Union. The Bornholm Fisheries Association had not yet received a complaint from the damaged fishermen but doubted the possibility of favorable action. The Chairman said that complaints had been made before through the main association and the Foreign Ministry but nothing had resulted, Since losses were greater this time, perhaps a complaint would be made, The fourth report was based on the experiences of two cutters which returned to the Danish port of Lemvig in Jutland on May 29. The Karen Bodil (34 tons) and the Mette Kruse (31 tons) had set their salmon gill nets in the southeast part of the Baltic Sea when, early in the morning they were hailed by a Russian torpedo boat or’ speedboat which ordered them away from the area be- cause a fleet exercise was to be held, The skippers of the cutters stated they were in international waters since they were more than 12 nautical miles from the coast and ex- plained to the Russians that, at least, they must have time enough to haul their gear. The Russian captain, who had boarded the Karen Bodil, moved his watch hands to eight to indicate that the cutters must be out of the area by then, They were ordered to sail 24 nautical miles farther to the West. Before the crew had finished hauling the gear, the Russian vessel returned and said the cutters must de- part at once or it would tow them away. It maneuvered in such a way that it backed into the Karen Bodil and damaged the starboard side. The Russian vessel then took the cutter in tow in a reckless manner under full speed so that water came in over the cutter and the situa- tion became dangerous, In the meantime, the Mette Kruse had hauled all its gear and also hauled the 70 gill nets which the Karen Bodil had been forced to leave. The Mette Kruse also Came in contact with one of the Russian vessels which bumped it but did only minor damage, (Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe, U.S, Embassy, Copenhagen, June 5, 1963.) Sao nascua sca DISTANT-WATER FISHING TRIAL DISAPPOINTING: In early 1963, a Danish steel cutter of 95 gross tons made a month-long trial trip to the Barents Sea with unsatisfactory results. The catch of 44,000 pounds of plaice was sold in Grimsby, England, for only US$2,900. No new long-distance trips were planned for the vessel in the near future. Few Danish craft participate in distant-water fisheries since fishing in the North Sea and other nearby wa- ters yields better returns. (Regional Fish- Vol. 25, No. 8 eries Attache, United States Embassy, Copen- hagen, May 29, 1963.) ok ok KOK FISHERMEN SEEK LOWER TAXES ON LANDINGS: The West Jutland Fisheries Association made a strong plea at its general meeting in Hirtshals for a lowering of Government land- ing taxes in Danish fishing ports. Claiming that fishermen pay no landing tax to their Governments in Norway, Sweden, and West Germany, and a relatively low tax in England, a reduction to 1 percent of the catch's value was sought. The present landing tax is 2 per- cent plus + percent for the auction hall. The Association supported its position by pointing out that the fishing industry in Den- mark was not subsidized like agriculture, and it had not benefited from wage increases giv- en other industrial activities. Furthermore, it was claimed that the fishermen should not pay for harbors to which their activities draw many other persons and provide numerous jobs. (Regional Fisheries Attache, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, June 12, 1963.) ! 3! sh st 3 sk 3K ok ok ook FISHERMEN SEEK SALMON OFF NORWAY: Twelve Danish salmon cutters fishing for salmon off the Lofoten Islands in northern Norway with gill nets have had very poor catches despite the reports of good salmon fishing which led them to test the area. The 65-foot cutters carry a crew of four and 300- 400 gill nets. They fish outside of Norway's 12-mile fisheries limit and, according to the latest newspaper reports, will not be given permission to land their catches in Norwe- gian ports. (Regional Fisheries Attache, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, June 12, 1963.) sk se ook ook ok 3K ook ok ok ok LOWER PRODUCTION OF POND TROUT PREDICTED DUE TO SEVERE WINTER: Danish pond trout culture has sufferedfrom the effects of a severe winter. It is difficult to estimate the loss, but the total trout output in 1963 may be down 10 to 20 percent from 1962, The normal winter mortality was be- lieved to have increased about 20 percent be- cause it was difficult to feed trout in the fro- August 1963 Denmark (Contd.): zen ponds for about 4 months. Trout egg production was also expected to drop about 20 percent in 1963. However, about 40 mil- lion trout eggs were exported to the United States during the spring of this year. ee ee oF Fresh-water rainbow trout pond at Bréns, Denmark, about 45 miles south of Esbjerg. Originally started by trout pond opera- tors as a research station, it was later offered to the Danish Government for research. Now it is jointly operated by the Government and trout growers. Research is conducted to ob- tain better growth by experiments in genetics--mating best growers. Dry food from the United States is fed to the young trout, but older trout get fresh fish from Esbjerg. Danish pond trout exports to the United States in the first quarter of 1963 totaled about 690,000 pounds, as compared with only about 390,000 pounds in the first quarter of 1962. Total pond trout exports to all coun- tries amounted to about 3,380,000 pounds in January-March 1963, only 10,000 pounds less than in the same period of 1962. About 100 tons of pond trout were killed in early 1963 when an agricultural pesticide contaminated the river supplying water to numerous trout ponds in Jutland. Newspaper reports estimated the total loss at about US$435,000. (United States Embassy, Co- penhagen, May 29, 1963.) i y Faroe Islands REGULATIONS ON 12-MILE FISHING LIMIT ISSUED: Regulations establishing a 12-mile fish- ing limit around the Faroe Islands, begin- ning March 12, 1964, are given in Regulation No. 156 issued April 24, 1963, by Denmark's Foreign Ministry. Regulation No. 156 (print- ed in Danish) lists the points between which the baseline is drawn and also includes a COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 87 Shows baseline and 12 mile fishing limit around Faroe Islands. map showing the baseline and the 12-mile limit. (Regional Fisheries Attache, Copen- hagen, July 10, 1963.) sk ook ok ok ook DOMESTIC ACTIVITY STIMULATED BY THREAT OF BAN ON LANDINGS IN UNITED KINGDOM: Faroese representatives have asked the Danish Government for a loan of Kr. 4 mil- lion (US$579,000) to expand a private fishery firm in Klaksvig. The company has fish can- ning, drying, and filleting facilities, as well as a fleet of trawlers. Half of the loan would be used to improve the firm's fish-drying op- eration and the balance would be used to ex- pand its filleting and canning activities. The possible loss of landing rights in the United Kingdom has led the Faroese to seek modern- ization of their domestic facilities as rapidly as possible. The expiration of British fishing rights in the 6- to 12-mile zone around the Faroese Islands after March 12, 1964, has stirred resentment in some segments of the British fishing industry. (Regional Fisheries 88 Faroe Islands (Contd.): Attache, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, May 29, 1963.) French Guiana SHRIMP FIRM ESTABLISHED BY UNITED STATES INTERESTS EXPANDS: Shrimp: About 3 million pounds of shrimpis the 1963 production target set by the United States shrimp firm at St. Laurent, French Gui- ana. For 1964, the firm hopes to pack and freeze 5 million pounds. To accomplish these goals, the company is expanding its plant facilities located there. Thirty trawlers, 22 of which oe . , Havana * A er ; < an DOMINICAN opfwrtan REPUBLIC Santo— Ried a nes Kingston Pri nce JOomingony Can Tar aN g i A A EU BL r t 15 ain oh oO EAN SS cancoy ” Rort-of-Spain ve INIDAD & TOBAGO ae BRITISH GUIANA’ 0 [ no Amazon} ECUADOR Manau: ‘Belem ¢ Ss \ Sa fe Brasilia? agua > eo CE Peer | AMERENCH GUIAN: i 0 oy COLOMBIA Ssivador otro a) I =/ will be all new 68- and 72-footers, are ex- pected to be working out of French Guiana bases by the end of this year. The fleet strength expected to be built up for 1964 is 50 trawlers. The processing plant is lo- cated about 8 hours from proven shrimping grounds off the coast of French Guiana, about 21 miles from the coast. The St. Laurent firm started freezing shrimp in December 1962, and already is being expanded. Freez- ing capacity is being doubled to allow for freezing up to 60,000 pounds of headless shrimp (in 5-pound cartons) at one time. oOo Sao Paulo Antofagestai, e Rio de Janeiro COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vole 25 Noses Ghana FISH MEAL AND CANNERY PLANTS INCLUDED IN CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT: The Government of Ghana has signed a US$40 million contract with a West German company for the construction of a six-factory So Mauritania complex in Tema. momced area fish meal plant and a fish cannery. Ghana will pay for the complex on an installment basis after op- erations begin. (United States Embassy, Ac- era, May 2, 1963.) Greenland FISHING LIMITS LAW MODIFIED TO CONSIDER HISTORIC FISHING RIGHTS: On May 21, 1963, the Danish Government announced that the extension of Greenland's fisheries limits from 3 to 12 miles would be- come effective on June 1, 1963. Two modifi- cations of earlier proposals were made. The 7 countries with historic fishing rights off Greenland--France, Iceland, Norway, Portu- gal, Spain, the United Kingdom, and West Ger- many--will be permitted to fish in the 6- to 12-mile zone until May 31, 1973, rather than only until October 31, 1970. Line fishermen may fish up to the 3-mile line until October 31, 1963. In connection with its approval of the new fisheries limits, the Greenland Na- tional Council asked that scientific fishery investigations be intensified in order that early measures might be taken if overfishing was indicated. August 1963 Greenland (Contd.): West German trawlers and Portuguese line fishermen will benefit most from the concessions. A Government delegation from West Germany had stressed the need for at least 10 years to recoup the investment in large trawlers constructed primarily for fishing off Greenland. Denmark's large ex- ports of fish to West Germany may have in- fluenced the extension of the exemption to 10 years. Portugal's delegation pointed out the difficulties which would be encountered by their line fishermen who work from small dories carried by a large mothership. The regulations issued are: (1) Regulation Number 191, May 27, 1963, effective June 1, 1963, establishing Green- land's outer territorial sea as the area with- in three nautical miles from a baseline drawn between the points listed in section 2. (2) Announcement Number 192, Ministry for Greenland, May 27, 1963, effective June 1, 1963, limiting fishing, hunting, and whaling in the waters within 12 nautical miles of the inner baseline. (3) Announcement Number 193, Ministry for Greenland, May 27, 1963, effective June 1, 1963, permitting fishing vessels regis- tered in Iceland, Norway, the United King- dom, West Germany, France, Spain, and Portugal to fish up to six nautical miles from the inner baseline until May 31, 1973, and tofish with long lines and hand lines up to three nautical miles from the inner base- line until October 31, 1963. (United States Embassy, Copenhagen, May 29 and July 10, 1963.) Honduras SHRIMP FISHERY EXPANDS: The owner of a fish-processing plant in Caratasca has made plans to purchase up to six shrimp vessels from the United States. Expansion is also planned by a United States firm which operates a mothership in the shrimp and spiny lobster fisheries off the north coast of Honduras. The United States firm has added two 65-foot shrimp vessels to the operation and plans to con- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 89 tinue buying the catch of small local boats. The catch is taken to Tela, Honduras, and then flown to Florida. (United States Embas- sy, Tegucigalpa, May 4, 1963.) Hong Kong FISHERIES TRENDS, FIRST QUARTER 1963: During the first part of 1963, the new fish- farming industry in Hong Kong was hit hard by extended drought which dried up many of the shallow fish ponds. Hong Kong's fishing fleet had better luck, increasing its catch slightly to about 24,000 metric tons in the first quarter of 1963. This was done in spite of difficulties with Commun- ist Chinese authorities who detained a number of vessels from both Hong Kong and Macao, ostensibly for not paying the required quota- in-kind for the privilege of working tradition- al fishing grounds now under Mainland China's control. (United States Consulate, Hong Kong, May 31, 1963.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1963 p. 65. Iceland EXPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS, JANUARY-MARCH 1963: During January-March 1963, there was a considerable increase in exports of frozen herring and herring meal as compared with the same period in 1962, according to the Icelandic Fishery Exports, January-March 1963 with Comparisons Jan,- Mar. 1963 Jan,- Mar, 1962 Product Qty. Value f,o,b Qty. Value f.0,b. Metric _Tons 21,649] 502 934 26,252| 609 3,216 2,313] 100 448 Metric 1,000 Kr. | 1,000 Salted fish, dried). 2:0. s/c 6 cele ee Salted} fish} uncured) sy. .0e. 6) e.eyet oe oss Salted fish fillets..... sev ejeitiense Wings, salted Stockfish Herring on ice Other fish on ice ....... Herring, frozen.......- Other frozen fish, whole .. Frozen fish fillets ........ Shrimp and lobster, frozen ,. IROESSHUOZEN Pele taleteneralcyap eters Canned fish... cece nse scenece ICod-liver Oil... eee ee te ee Lumpfish roes, salted ..... Other roes for food, salted ,, Herring, salted .......... Herringioiy re leteserslevereie| = (Ocean perch oil........ 6 207 5 15 59 1 Whale oil... .... Fish meal .........- Herring meal Ocean perch meal 2 Wastes of fish, frozen........... 347 | 1,072 25 512 Liver meal. .icssccccc etter eee 130 908 21 90 588 14 Whale imealleiy wierelvlere)skeleleleneieacnete ° o = 252 a = to a ey Poe oe ‘we .) e 14/515| 337 130,084| 3, \Whale meat, frozen ,,,,.:.+% 6 46 1 86 601] 14 Note: Values converted at rate of 1 kronur equals 2.32 U. S. cents. 90 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Iceland (Contd.): Statistical Bureau of Iceland's Statistical Bulletin, May 1963. Exports of fish meal and herring oil showed a considerable de- crease in the first 3 months of 1963. sk ook ok ook ook TK OK OK OK FISHERY LANDINGS BY PRINCIPAL SPECIES, JANUARY 1963: - » e (Metric Tons). ... 9, 546 10, 144 7, 545 4,925 843 619 1,098 901 251 190 1, 387 583 511 384 124 105 48, 176 18,222 73 37 328 : Except for herring which are landed round, all fish are drawn weight, 3 OK OK OK OK FISHERY LANDINGS BY PRINCIPAL SPECIES, JANUARY -FEBRUARY 1963: pee January -February 1962 - (Metric Tons)... . (Sedo 60.0.6 6 60-86 OO 30,554 EiaddOckwememememeucnenemements 12, 265 11, 341 Satith emer ccmepremiaiveuctcceu eters 1,410 2, 126 einghee cate) ie Fomletien swells 2,185 2,689 Wolffish (catfishy a0 000 948 1,051 CUBR “<6 Gb G ob..0 0 0 06 3,030 153 OceansperchWeyeemswaete ele 1, 668 1,000 Elallibutieremon tienen aerate 235 315 Herring OOo oro-aea to a6 61, 818 23,476 Shrimpyerewestewuelrcar aeons ° 131 127 Other oe snletisitedei's 594 763 Total elleele Neus 108, 057 75195} Note: Except for herring which are landed round, all fish are drawn weight. ae 3 OK OK OK OK UTILIZATION OF FISHERY LANDINGS Species ANUARY 1963: {lie 1963 e « « e(Metric Tons)... [Herring1/ for: Oiljandi meals selene C 31,220 10, 195 Fre ezingiew sl taiceen chen ehone 8, 406 2, 827 maar 6) 8.00100, 10000 Aiond 4, 396 Pie LEShvOn Ceased sree atone 4, 154 3,480 Groundfish2/ for: as Rreshfonviceiais sieier/encne 3, 832 4,103 Freezing and filleting 0 G00 10, 604 8,584 Salting ... site 3, 107 2,954 Stockfish (dried unsalted) O.0 2,502 1, 381 Home consumption .... 1, 365 964 O©ilvandimeat Wen cunis case 223 121 Shrimp for: HICEZING Bist oe ekele ey teens 64 32 (Canning aniiemsile nn oare Eiore ©) 4 Total production ..... 69, 882 36, 366 1/Whole fish. 2/Drawn fish. KOK Vol. 25, No. 8 UTILIZATION OF FISHERY LANDINGS, JANUARY -FEBRUARY 1963: January -February 1962 + « « (Metric Tons)... . Species Herring!/ for: Oilandmeal ... Freezing. ... Saltingiiewes ction Fresh on ice . Cannin fs Groundfish2/" Treahion ieee el lepe sole Freezing and filleting OD Salting remeutsiiel tee Stockfish (dried unsalted) Home consumption ... Oiland meal ...... Shrimp for: IAG) 666.000.0000 Canning eo eleveve Total production 1/Whole fish. 2/Drawn fish, lo 0 e@ © 8 le ew ew eo 8 121 8 6 108, 057 75, 195 KK OK ok OK NEW FREEZER TRAWLER LANDS IN ENGLAND: The new Icelandic freezer side trawler sailed on her first voyage on May 11, 1963, and after a three-day shakedown cruise near Iceland sailed for Greenland. The new ves- sel, which is equipped for side-trawling, re- turned to Reykjavik on June 16 after about 25 days on the fishing grounds. After disem- barking half her crew, she sailed for Grims- by, England, where she arrived on June 20. Unloading commenced soon after her arrival and was completed on June 22. The total quantity of fish landed was 302 tons, all headed except for a few halibut, ocean perch, and dogfish. The fish were mostly medium-size cod, but there were some haddock also. The average daily catch on the fishing grounds was about 16 tons a day and the freezing rate 12 tons a day. A totalof 5,820 fishblocks also was landed. The appearance of the blocks was excellent and was considered better than those landed from the British freezer-trawler Lord Nelson and other vessels, presumably partly due to the improvements inthe design of the freezer which ensures better contact between the plates and thefish. Great care had beentaken in washing and bleeding before freezing, which also contributed to the excellent appearance. (Note from J. & E. Hall, Ltd., Dartford, Kent, England, June 28, 1963.) August 1963 Indonesia CANNED FISH MARKET LIMITED: The market for imported canned fish in Indonesia is limited due primarily to re- strictions on the use of scarce foreign ex- change for such products. Imports of can- ned fish in 1960 and during the first nine months of 1961 consisted of about 90 percent Indonesian Imports of Canned Salmon and Sardines, 1960 and January-September 1961 Canned Sardines: Jalpan) (roe)! United States . United Kingdom Netherlands .. Rortugalsi eve. Norway .... Singapore .. Others... Japanese canned sardines (believed to be mostly low-value canned saury). Small quan- tities of canned sardines and salmon were imported from the United States in both1960 and during the first nine months of 1961. (United States Embassy, Djakarta, June 10, 1963.) Japan CANNED TUNA IN BRINE SALES TO UNITED STATES: The Japan Export Canned Tuna Packers Association held a directors! meeting June 25, 1963, to discuss the sixth sale of canned tuna in brine for export to the United States and to review production plans. The Asso- ciation directors voted to offer for sale a to- tal of 130,000 cases of canned tuna in brine but did not specify the amount of each kind of pack (white meat or light meat) to be sold. They also decided to hold export prices at the same levelas the fifth sale, i.e., $10.50 a case for canned white meat tuna and $7.65 acase for canned light meat tuna both prices f.o.b. Ja- pan, for No. 3(7-oz.) 48's. Sales of cannedtuna in brine up to and including the fifth sale totaled 1,180,000 cases (690,000 cases of white meat tuna and 490,000 cases of light meat tuna). COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 91 Slicing cooked tuna loins for canning in a can- nery located in Hiroshima, Japan. Also at that meeting the directors ap- proved the proposal to increase production of institutional-size packs of canned white meat tuna (in view of depressed sales of standard 7-oz. packs) put up by the Shizuoka packers, who pack 75-80 percent of Japan's total canned tuna pack for export. The follow- ing production ratio was adopted by the Asso- ciation: A Production Ratio Pees | Production Ratio | Pes ee en(bercent)ii. 35 55 ite meat, No. 4 (7-02.) 48's ite meat, No. 1 (13-0z.) 24's ben 30 20 ite meat, 4-lb., 6's 35 25 Reportedly, as a result of depressed ex- port canned tuna sales and inventory buildup, Japanese tuna packers may soon run short of operating funds. To help finance their opera- tions, they were reported in mid-June to be seeking a 1.5-billion-yen (US$4,167,000) loan from the government. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, June 18, 21, & 27; Suisan Tsushin, June 26 & 2, LO GiSis) Hehe les ere vers PRICE FOR JUNE-JULY EXPORTS OF CANNED TUNA IN BRINE UNCHANGED: A meeting of the Japan Canned Foods Ex- porters Association was held on May 28, 1963, to discuss the 5th sale of canned tuna inbrine 92 Japan (Contd.): for export to the United States. At this meet- ing, the Association members agreed to offer for sale 130,000 cases of canned tuna in brine (80,000 cases of white meat tuna and 50,000 cases of light meat tuna) for delivery during June and July 1963. Export prices were US$10.50 per case (7-o0z. 48 eans/cs.) for white meat tuna and $7.65 per case (7-0z. 48 cans/cs.) for light meat tuna, f.o.b. Japan. These prices were unchanged from the previ- ous sale of 250,000 cases for May-June 1963 delivery. (Nihon Suisan Shimbun, May 31, 1963.) FROZEN TUNA SALES AGREEMENTS WITH U. 5S. CANNERS CONCLUDED: The United States import market for fro- zen tuna was Showing clear signs of improve- ment in late June 1963, according to a Japa- nese press report. Reportedly, in late June Japanese frozen tuna exporters concluded a number of sales agreements with United States tuna packers involving a total of about 5,000 short tons of albacore. Export prices were reported at $330 a short tonc.&f, Pa- cific coast ($280 f.o.b. Japan), and $320 a short ton c.&f. Puerto Rico. The price for tuna deliveries to Samoa in June was reported to be $295 a short ton for round albacore and $250 a short ton for gilled and gutted yellowfin. (Suisan Tsushin, July 1, 1963.) FROZEN TUNA EXPORTS TO UNITED STATES, APRIL-JUNE 1963: Data compiled by the Japan Frozen Tuna Producers Association on frozen tuna ap- proved for export to the United States from Japan proper for April-June 1963 indicate Frozen Tuna Approved for Export to U. S. from Japan Proper, April-June 1962 and 1963 April-June Gilled and gutted Loin 1/Gilled and gutted with head and tail removed. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 that exports during that period were drastical- ly below similar 1962 exports. (Suisan Tsu- shin, July 3, 1963.) EXPORTS OF FROZEN TUNA TO UNITED STATES LOWER IN JANUARY-MAY 1963: Exports of frozen tuna to the United States during the first five months of 1963 via Japan amounted to 18,761 short tons as compared with 31,222 tons in the same period of 1962, The drop in direct frozen tuna exports from Japan proper was partially compensated for by an increase in ex- ports transshipped from the Atlantic Ocean tuna fishery. Exports from that source to the United States rose 24.7 per- cent, or from 15,391 tons in January~ May 1962 to 19,199 tons this January-May. Over-all exports (Japan proper and transshipped Atlantic-caught) of frozen tuna to the United States in January- May this year were down 18.6 per- cent from the same period of 1962. | Japanese Frozen Tuna Exports, 1/January- May 1963 Year| Jan. |} Feb. | Mar. Apr. | May |Total r —— 6-01'0.0,0 6-00 0 (Shoxthons) wesenietenenene To United States via Japan: 1963 | 3,962| 4,722 | 7,139 |1,738] 1,200] 18,761 1962 | 5,770] 6,488 | 4,979 |8,288] 5,697) 31,222 (To United States from Atlantic Ocean fishery: 1963 | 4,343] 4,284 | 4,808 |3,827| 1,937] 19,199 | 1962 3,844] 4,010 | 4,419 |1,844) 1,274] 15,391 Oooo doood (Metric) Tons) ity -weletsnonens {Lo Europe 2/: 1963 4,075] 3,335 |2,486 |5,736|3/5,937 1962 | 3,344] 400 |2,436 |4,212]” 3,428 |1/Data compiled by Japan Export Frozen Tuna Producers Association. 2/Italy principal market. [3/Includes exports up to May 18 only. Lower exports of frozen tuna to the United States were partially compensated for by an increase of about 56.0 per- cent in exports to Europe (chiefly Italy) this January-May as compared with January-May 1962. (Nihon Suisan Shim- bun, May 29, 1963.) i, ATLANTIC-CAUGHT FROZEN TUNA PRICES, MID-JUNE 1963: Export prices of Japanese Atlantic -caught frozen albacore to Italy in mid-June 1963 were quoted at US$365-370 per metric ton, c.&f. Transshipments of Atlantic-caught al- bacore to the United States were quoted at $285 per short ton, f.o.b. Trinidad, and $270- $275 per short ton, f.o.b. Africa. A Japanese trading firm was reported to have concluded an agreement with Spain to de- liver 450 short tons of Atlantic-caught alba- core at $400 per ton, c.&f. The same firm is also reported to have concluded an agree- ment with Czechoslovakia for 200 short tons of skipjack tuna at $240 per ton, c.&f. The skipjack were caught by pole-and-line vessels based at Freetown, Sierra Leone. August 1963 Japan (Contd.): Italy was reported to be offering $200 per short ton,c.&f., for skipjack. (Suisan Tsu- shin, June 17 and 19, 1963.) OK OK OK Kk OK EXPORTERS REPORT SALE OF U. S.-CAUGHT FROZEN TUNA TO ITALY: According to a Japanese periodical, a Unit- ed States tuna packer is reported to have sold from 1,500 to 2,000 tons of United States- caught tuna to Italy. Japanese tuna industry members are fol- lowing this latest development closely for it may possibly affect their sales of tuna to Italy. They consider that this unusual develop- ment, even though it may only be temporary, points to the extreme seriousness of the can- ned tuna sales problem in the United States. (Suisan Tsushin, June 10, 1963.) Cah ely, St. 0s Bre fa. sia) he 3 ITALIAN MARKET FOR ATLANTIC-CAUGHT TUNA FIRM: The Italian frozen tuna market in early June 1963 was reported to be quite firm despite earlier forecasts of price weakening in that country. Export prices of Japanese Atlantic -caught yellowfin tuna delivered to Italy were quoted at US$380-385 per short ton, c.i.f. Italy. A later shipment reportedly sold for $390 per short ton, c.i.f. Italy. The executive director of the Italian Pack- ers Association is said to have informed Jap- anese frozen tuna exporters that Italian pack- ers could absorb about 9,000 tons of Japa- nese tuna during July-September 1963, and that they may also purchase a similar quan- tity of frozen tuna during the October-Dec- ember period. This has prompted many Jap- anese packers to reconsider their earlier plan of bringing back to Japan excess quan- tities of Atlantic-caught tuna. (Suisan Tsu- shin, June 6, 1963.) MER TRANSSHIPMENT OF FROZEN TUNA TO SPAIN AUTHORIZED: The Japanese Government is reported to have authorized frozen tuna exports (trans- shipments) to Spain proper totaling 5,000 short tons per year. The Government's de- cision was made in an attempt to overcome the current sluggishness of frozen tuna ex- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 93 ports to Europe and to the United States. Tuna transshipments to mainland Spain had long been sought by Japanese frozen tuna producers and exporters, but the Government had been prohibiting exports to Spain for fear that Jap- anese tuna packed in that country would be ex- ported to the United States where it would com- pete with Japanese canned tuna. It is reported that the Spanish Government is not likely to issue import licenses until the summer tuna fishing season is over, in order to protect domestic fishermen. (Minato Shim- bun, June 1, 1963.) se ste sk kek ski Xk! ook isk ok SUMMER ALBACORE TUNA FISHERY: The 1963 summer albacore fishing season, which as of early July was practically over, was described by Japanese press reports as one of the best in recent years. A total of 24,000 metric tons of pole-and-line albacore (iced fish) was landed during the season. This represents a fourfold increase over the 1962 catch and the highest since 1957, when about the same quantity was landed. Data published by the Japanese Fisheries Agency's field station at the tuna port of Yaizu, Shizuoka Prefecture, indicate that landings at that port for the period April 26-June 30 to- taled 11,671 short tons. For the same period in 1962, a total of 2,519 short tons was landed. According to the Fisheries Agency's data, ex-vessel albacore prices paid at Yaizuheld steady for the greater part of June, ranging between 120-135 yen a kilogram (US$302-340 a short ton), but trended downward in late June about $10-20 a short ton. According to fish price quotations in one Japanese periodi- cal, on July 4, a low of 115 yen and high of 119 yen a kilogram (US$290-300 a short ton) were paid for iced fish landed at Yaizu. (Jap- anese Fisheries Agency Fishing Condition Charts, 1963; Suisan Tsushin, July 2; Suisan Keizai Shimbun, July 5, 1963.) Je gle she she KK OK OK LANDINGS OF SUMMER ALBACORE HIGHER AS OF EARLY JUNE 1963: Good catches of summer albacore were made by Japanese pole-and-line fishermen operating out of home ports in the first 10 days of June 1963. Ex-vessel albacore prices, despite the heavy landings, were re- ported to be holding relatively steady, ranging from 125-130 yen per kilogram 94 Japan (Contd.): (US$315-$328 per short ton). Landings at Yaizu of summer albacore during the first 10 days of June amounted to 3,322 short tons as compared with 820 tons landed in a similar period of 1962. May 1963 albacore landings totaled 5,859 tons or about 84 percent more than the 3,192 tons landed in May 1962. (Suis- an Tsushin, June 13, 1963, and other sources.) SOA eth cy. 60, ED 2) ski 3k 3k ok ALBACORE TUNA FISHERY TRENDS, MAY 1963: A total of 5,169 short tons of pole-and-line caught albacore was landed in May 1963 at the Japanese tuna port of Yaizu, according to data compiled by the Fisheries Agency's sum- mer field station located at that port. Ex- vessel prices trended downward toward the end of the month, closing with a high of 138.5 yen per kilogram (US$349 per short ton) and a low of 123.5 yen per kilogram ($312 per short ton) on May 31. According to a Japa- nese press report, albacore landed at Yaizu on June 7 sold at prices of from 121-130 yen per kilogram ($305-$328 per short ton); and at Misaki 330 short tons of albacore (iced fish) brought 108-129 yen per kilogram ($272- $325 per short ton). According to data published by the Fish- eries Agency, albacore fishing during the latter part of May was generally conducted in the area bounded by latitudes 3195! N,-34° N. and longitudes 1439 E,-148° E., but the pole-and-line vessels were concentrated mainly along 144° E, longitude between 32° N.-34° N, latitudes. Good catches were re- ported in that area, with many vessels re- porting catches of 10-30 tons per day. (Suis- an Keizai Shimbun, June 8, 1963.) WOK OK OK AK SMALL TUNA CANNERS COMBINE TO OVERCOME SUPPLY PROBLEM: In an effort to stabilize prices and to as- sure a supply of raw material, 18 Shizuoka Prefecture tuna canners contracted with a prominent Tokyo trading firm for 3,500 tons of ship-frozen albacore. The price to be paid for the albacore by the tuna canners will be determined by ex-vessel prices and the export price for canned tuna. The actual price will therefore vary during the contract year (ends March 1964), COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 The 3,500 tons contracted for is about one- tenth the annual requirements of raw tuna for canning needed by the 18 Shizuoka firms. The Tokyo trading firm has interests in a large cold-storage warehouse at Shimizu and anoth- er located in Tokyo. rn! Frozen tuna at Tokyo Wholesale Fish Market. The fish were landed by the long-liner in the background. The Shizuoka tuna-packing firms have, in the past, bought tuna for canning at the day- to-day market price. Due to the small size of the individual firms and the lack of capital, they have often failed to purchase supplies when the market price was low. At other times, when supplies were light, the packers were forced to search for fish in several ma- jor ports. Under the new contract the supply problems of those small canners (often pack other products such as mandarin oranges) will be partially solved. (Japanese periodical, June 12, 1963.) TWO TUNA MOTHERSHIPS LEAVE FOR FISHING GROUNDS OFF MEXICO: On June 5, 1963, the Japanese tuna mother- ship Keiyo Maru, with eight 20-ton steel catch- er-vessels aboard, left Japan for the tuna fish- ing grounds off the west coast of Mexico. The Ishiyama Maru, another tuna mothership with the same number of catcher-vessels, was scheduled to depart later for the same area. (United States Embassy, Tokyo, June 6, 1963.) le sk ok Kk OK OK HALIBUT FISHERY TRENDS, JUNE 1963: Japanese fleets operating inthe Triangle Area'' in the eastern Bering Sea are reported to have landed a total of 1,230 tons of halibut August 1963 Japan (Contd.): as of June 11, 1963. Japanese motherships believed to be fishing in the new Area 3B North Triangle are: Fuji Maru No. 3, 1,200 gross tons (5 catcher vessels); Chiyoda Maru, 2,068 gross tons (12 catcher vessels); Seifu Maru, 8,269 gross tons (28 catcher vessels); and the Chichibu Maru No. 2, 1,693 gross tons (7 catcher vessels). (Shin Suisan Shimbun, June 17, 1963, and other sources. The European halibut market is reported to be brisk and Japanese trading firms are reported to have concluded contracts to de- liver several hundred tons of halibut to Eu- rope at 40-42 U. S. cents a pound, c. &f. Japanese-caught halibut delivered to the United States eastern seaboard was quoted at 34-35 cents a pound, or about 10 cents a pound lower than a year ago. Halibut landed in Japan by the major fish- ing companies is quoted at about 185 yen per kilogram (23.4 cents a pound), while halibut landed by the smaller vessels is quoted at 140-145 yen per kilogram (17.7-18.3 cents a pound), (Suisan Tsushin, June 18, 1963.) Editor's Note: The International Pacific Halibut Commission announced that as of June 23, the Japanese had taken 3.2 million pounds out of Area 3B North Triangle and that the 11.0-million-pound quota set for that area had not yet been reached. He ok oe ok Ok PRICE REDUCED FOR 1962 PACK OF CANNED PINK SALMON: The Japanese Canned Salmon Sales Com- pany on May 23, 1963, announced and made effective immediately a price cut of US$1.00 per case (8 oz. 48 cans/cs.) for fancy grade canned pink salmon. The new f.o.b. quotation reduced the price per case from $11.30 to $10.30. The Japanese exporters hoped the price cut would stimulate interest in the United Kingdom market. However, shortly after the drop in the Japanese export price, the Canadian salmon packers decreased their export price for canned pink salmon by $1.25 per 48-can case, thereby nullifying the advan- tage the Japanese had hoped to gain in the British market. The Japanese sales company is concerned with the problem of marketing an estimated carryover from the 1962 pack of pink salmon of about 360,000 cases before the marketing season begins for the 1963 pack. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 95 The Japanese salmon motherships engaged in the North Pacific 1963 fishing season re- port that both pink and chum salmon are abun- dant. Usually pink salmon are scarce in the early season catches. (Japanese periodical, May 28, 1963.) ok ok ok Ok JAPANESE WILL NOT FISH KING CRAB SOUTH OF ALASKA PENINSULA THIS YEAR: The Japanese Fisheries Agency will defer the issuance of licenses to take king crab south of the Alaska Peninsula, pending further dis- cussion with the United States at the Septem- ber 1963 meeting on the North Pacific Fish- eries Convention. The decision was made after the Fisheries Agency met with its Ad- visory Committee (Japanese Fisheries Coun- cil) on July 10, 1963. The two fishing companies that had applied for the licenses stated that the action of the Fisheries Agency would prevent king crab op- erations south of the Alaska Peninsula in 1963. The two companies, therefore, requested per- mission to take king crabs in Bristol Bay for the remainder of the 1963 season, Their pro- posal was rejected by the Fisheries Agency because of the high level of the king crab fish- ing effort and low level of production in Bris- tol Bay. (United States Embassy, Tokyo, July 2963) NEW RESEARCH VESSEL PLANNED FOR FY 1964: The Japanese Fisheries Agency is plan- ning to request funds in FY 1964 (April 1964 to March 1965) to construct a 1,500-ton re- search vessel. The Agency plans to utilize the research vessel for conducting investiga - tions on bottomfish in the Bering Sea during the winter months, and also whale research in the Antarctic area. (Suisan Keizai Shim- bun, June 9, 1963.) REVISION OF REGULATIONS ON TRAWL FISHERY PROPOSED: The Japanese Government, which has been studying the problem of its trawl fishery, is reported to be planning on relaxing regulations governing the transfer of vessels to the dis- tant-water trawl fishery (mostly in Atlantic Ocean and New Zealand waters) from other trawl fisheries which employ small draggers, such as the coastal and offshore trawl fisher - 96 Japan (Contd.): ies. This measure is being undertaken to as- sist operators of small and medium trawlers who, heretofore, had been barred from engag- ing in distant-water trawling due to the lim- ited size of their vessels and their lack of overseas marketing outlets. Under the proposal being studied by the Japanese Government, which was expected to be put in force in July, operators of small and medium trawlers will be able to build larger trawlers through a vessel conversion program, which basically involves the retire- ment of so many small vessels for every larger vessel built. The Japanese Govern- ment intends to license, under this program, the construction of about 15 trawlers for op- eration in the Atlantic Ocean and about 10 trawlers for operation in New Zealand waters. At the present time, approximately 40 large trawlers, mainly in the 1,500- to 3,000- ton class owned by the large fishing firms, are licensed as distant-water trawlers. The majority of those vessels are operating inthe Atlantic Ocean off the west coast of Africa. (Nihon Suisan Shimbun, June 12, 1963.) er er ook ok ok ok TRAWLER IN NORTHWEST ATLANTIC REPORTS GOOD COD CATCHES: The Japanese stern trawler Aoi Maru No. 2 (1,386 gross tons), which has been fishing in the northwest Atlantic Ocean since late 1962, was reported to be making good catch- es of cod in the spring of this year. The catches were averaging about 15 tons a day. Fishery products processed by the Aoi Maru are being exported to the United States. As of the early part of 1963, two shipments had been made. (Shin Suisan Shimbun Sokuho, June 8, 1963.) se gle ale le ok 1K OOK Kk OK OK NEW STERN TRAWLER LEAVES FOR WEST AFRICAN AREA: A large Japanese stern trawler, Kiso Maru (2,500 gross tons), departed Kyushu, Japan, on June 3, 1963, on her maiden voyage to the West African trawl fishing grounds. The Kiso Maru is the 7th trawler to join the vessel owner's trawler fleet, Another 2,500-ton trawler, Kurama Maru, which was scheduled for completion in August, is being COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 built by the same company. (Minato Shimbun, June 4 and 6, 1963.) Ok ROK MODERN CAN-FABRICATING PLANT COMPLETED: The largest can-fabricating plant in Japan was completed on June 5, 1963. Located in Yokohama, it is designed for the manufacture of cans used for packing food only. The plant has 8 modern automatic can-making lines. The Director of the Japan Export Canned Tuna Man- ufacturers Association observed: ''By this, Japan's can-making industry has attained the top class in the World.'' The manager of the new plant praised the modern layouts and said that the can-making lines will be increased to 15 in the future. (Japanese periodical, June 6, 1963.) OK OK KK AGREEMENT PERMITS HARVESTING OF SEAWEEDS OFF SOVIET ISLAND: According to a Soviet-Japanese agreement signed in Moscow on June 10, 1963, 300 Japa- nese vessels are to be permitted to fish for seaweeds off the Soviet Island of Signalny through September 30, 1963 (Tass, June 10, 1963). se ok > kook ok 2 NEW FISHERY LANDINGS RECORD ESTABLISHED IN 1962: Japan landed a total of 6,860,000 metric tons of fish and shellfish (including seaweed and kelp but not whales) in 1962, a new record according to data released by the Japanese Government’s Statistics and Survey Division, Ministry of Ag- Fig. 1 - Japanese trawler in the Bering Sea with a deckload of flatfish. August 1963 Japan (Contd.): Table 1 - Japanese Landings of Marine & Fresh-Water Fishery Products, 1955-1962 1962 |1961 [1960] 1959] 1958] 1957] 1956] 1955, Shellfish2/. . Other marine animals 3/, . Sea plants 4/. 1/Includes fresh-water and marine fish. Whales excluded. 2/Includes hard-shelled shellfish (including pearls) but not species listed under "other marine animals." 3/Includes squid, lobster, crab, shrimp, frog, sea urchin, and sea cucumber. 4/Includes seaweed and kelp, 5/Data not available. Source: Japanese Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. ((Annual Report of “ashe tics on Fishery and Agriculture, 1961; Suisan Keizai Shimbun, June 30, 196 tatis— 3.) riculture and Forestry. The 1962 landings represent an in- crease of 2,3 percent over the 1961 landings of 6,710,000 metric tons. This is the smallest increase since 1958. From 1959 on, Japanese landings of marine and fresh-water prod- ucts have been increasing at the rate of over five percent an- nually, Despite the increase in 1962 in total fish and shellfish landings, landings of finfish actually declined by 102,000 met- ric tons or two percent, whereas landings of shellfish and other marine products apparently increased. In 1962, Pacific and jack mackerel led all finfish landings (not including shellfish and sea plants)--their combined land- ings were about 900,000 metric tons (18 percent of the total COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 97 Fig. 2 - A typical Japanese fishing village near Ito. fish landings), They were followed by tuna--604,000 metric ‘tons (12 percent); flatfish--501,000 tons (10 percent); saury-- 483,000 tons (9.7 percent); Alaska pollock (whiting)--452,000 tons (9.1 percent); and anchovy~-349,000 tons (6.4 percent). Together those species made up nearly two-thirds (65 per- cent) of the total 1962 finfish landings. The large increase in landings (in percentage) since 1955 of Alaska pollock, cod, and flatfish is the result of the accel- erated expansion of the so-called northern water (Okhotsk Sea, Bering Sea, and North Pacific Ocean) fisheries. The decline in salmon catch is the result of imposition of catch quotas by the International Pacific Northwest Fish- eries Commission (Japan and the U.S.S.R.). Table 2 - Japanese Finfish Landings by Species, 1955-19621/ Species £/ 1962 1961 1960 1959 1958 | 1957 | 1956 1955 Od 010100670 O00, OvOlGld 0.0.0 od Oj WU IMIGTS Wenig Gg lGione Galo Galo. old QuoldoLG YNlkacl ea, jsoilikeyal’ 695 Goo 0:0 0. G2Or0 452 353 379 376 284 280 234 231 VENI Go OO Deo o.000-0'6"0 349 366 349 356 417 430 346 391 Atkapmiackereligmemen ficivenet etel clteltehte 122 185 115 100 47 105 121 113 esl codedoco ooo oo go 000 76 67 67 66 60 66 35 BY) |\CReOaer Gg Ob o'D10 6 OOD OGIO O10 102 115 128 115 106 111 98 103 i 00 O90 016 IOsO SLb8a6 O10 501 590 509 262 180 159 150 124 pn lala sloth ounedals 30 97 15 16 38 47 35 46 ae | 0.010 0.00 010 O10)0 4/520 510 551 409 282 281 3/ &y/ fetiotviictratististieielraite 408 337 351 294 268 275 266 244 0.66 6:00-G10 0 06 123 156 146 179 196 181 150 170 Sand launce D020, 0'6 HG 0 0 bid 70 108 79 68 98 87 77 58 i Oonon ono ood dd 108 127 78 119 136 212 206 211 aio cMou otis Weliotiolifeitele 483 473 287 522 575 421 327 497 ° eae 10 23 24 26 22 21 Pail 22 Yellow pM aietis Weise oW ti stia stele os 10 ORE | 11 16 17 13 11 11 SiiankWenemememeie eet enctencienemeteite 69 65 69 70 66 76 74 78 Slava ao pala nam 5/75 61 55 57 59 53 47 41 Tuna: (Total)6/ neo cha m6 alo (604) (562) (458) (458) (414) (367) (327) (279) BTGacore tien tet otis ievsteitesuese 104 87 89 68 63 77 65 48 BIG=eyvicdumomeMiai sien ielisi celia tenvetreniciie 126 113 72 74 72 60 49 42 Dgiiin 5 g-6%5 0. G'o0.0.0 Did oO 46 70 65 51 21 34 36 23 SUA “5 OG Oho b o10.O10 OO 170 144 166 147 OY/ 97 99 Yielllenmaty: 55 Ggl5 Gio Boro, oto O40 158 148 126 111 99 80 67 Gillen) GG So olG Go dG ooo. 52 42 46 WtherispeCiesM lei. Wiet aii Meitalietieile cele MRSA Gig ofa dio neon ons: alana |1/Principal species only. 2/1962 data obtained from periodical Suisan Keizai Shimbun. 3/Data not available. 9/1962 catch does not include sailfish. Other years do. 6/Includes tuna caught in Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans, and landed in Japan and in foreign ports. Does not include tuna listed as "'meji'' (young tuna). 98 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Japan (Contd.): te at Fig. 3 - Yellowfin tuna about to be transferred from catcher boat to Japanese tuna mothership, { ie: A Van Y Bigs ee Vay era) S| Fig. 4 - Miyako in Iwate Prefecture is considered Japan's leading mackerel port. Just before the opening of the mackerel season (some time in September), boats assemble at Miyako flying colorful pennants and at 6 a.m. on the opening day sail for the fishing areas. Vol. 25, No. 8 Fig. 6 - Weighing black marlin aboard a Japanese tuna mother- ship. aaa Peele “ aS Fig. 7 - Transferring bait from live box in Tokyo Bay to fishing vessel in background. = Fig. 8 - A big school of yellowtail driven into a net in Kumano- nada, one of Japan's three largest fishing areas. Beginning in 1960, the Japanese Government began to lib- eralize regulations governing the tuna industry. For ex- ample, it relaxed restrictions on the construction of newer August 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 99 Japan (Contd.): Table 3 - Comparison of 1962 Japanese Finfish Landings with 1955 , 1962 Landings in Relation to: Species 1961 Landing 1955 Landing Increase wre i) Albacore .... Big-eyed . Bluefin, «... . Skipjack .... Yellowfin .... ellowtail .... = 1/Decline in salmon catch result of rH NorrPOonogainirireiis me ae vg ¥ 4 Fig. 9 - A large catch of yellowtail unloaded on the beach of a fishing village. and larger tuna vessels to permit more efficient exploita- tion of distant tuna fishing grounds; and allowed fishermen engaged in other so-called depressed fisheries (like the salmon and coastal fisheries) to engage in tuna fishing. These measures are believed to be responsible in part for the large increase in tuna landings in 1961 and 1962, The 1961 tuna catch exceeded the 1960 catch by 104,000 metric tons (23 percent) and the 1962 tuna catch exceeded the 1961 catch by 42,000 metric tons (7 percent). a ye FROZEN SARDINE EXPORTS TO FRANCE SUSPENDED AGAIN: Exports of frozen Moroccan sardines to France in June 1963 encountered the opposi- Morocco tion of French sardine fishermen as oc- curred previously in July 1962. In sympathy with protests of the French fishermen, dock workers in Lorient and Nantes refused to un- load three Moroccan shipments of frozen sar- dines. Even though one of the vessels was re- ported to have landed its cargo after a long de- lay, the new protests resulted in a decision to stop Moroccan sardine exports to France as of July 5, 1963. It had been agreed earlier that imports of Moroccan sardines would be stopped during the July 15-September 15, 1963, period. This was a hard blow to the fishing and freezing industries in Morocco. The freezing plants have stopped their purchases of fresh sardines and, according to press reports, 3,000 freezing plant workers and 4,500 fisher- men are threatened with a lengthy period of unemployment. (United States Embassy, Rabat, June 28, 1963.) New Zealand SOVIETS PLAN SURVEY OF FISHERIES RESOURCES ADJACENT TO COAST: Soviet scientists are planning to study the prospects of commercial fishing in the waters around New Zealand, says an article in Vodny Transport released by the Soviet Legation in Wellington. The work is part of a Pacific-wide survey being carried out by the Pacific Research In- stitute of Fisheries and Oceanography under the direction of the assistant head of the in- stitue. (Map on page 100.) An institute research vessel, the Orlik, is already surveying the resources of the Great Australian Bight, where according to the di- rector of the expedition, the prospects for commercial fishing appear to be good. New fisheries have already started in the eastern Bering Sea and elsewhere in the North Pacific following investigations by the Insti- tute. (Commercial Fishing, a New Zealand fishery periodical, May 1963.) por sk ok Kua ir oeilpole iat SURVEY RAISES HOPE FOR SHRIMP FISHERY: Establishment of a shrimp fishery in New Zealand is a distinct possibility, but as yet 100 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 New Zealand (Contd.): Zealand Government research trawler Ikatere caught 12 knownspecies ofshrimp. Three were this aspect of the fishing industry is still considered to have commercial possibilities. in the experimental stages. After conducting investigations early in "We found virtually nothing in the shallow 1963 between the Lochland Banks, south of waters,'' the skipper stated, when the vessel Portland Island, and the North Cape, the New | arrived in Gisborne. NEW ZEALAND ® National capital Railroad Road 50 100 150 Miles YOO 150 Kilometers New Plymouth] ry GKabkoura JACKSONS HEAD ESI|CNEE fe a STEWART ISLAND Not shown, but under jurisdiction of New Zealand are: Antipodes Islands Cook Islands Auckland Islands Kermadec Islands Bounty Islands Nuie Island Chatham Islands Tokelau Islands Campbell Islands Western Samoa (Trust Territory) SNARES ISLANDS 174 178 1 4 August 1963 New Zealand (Contd.): He explained that although they caught very few shrimp in about 150 to 160 fathoms, from White Island to the Lochland Banks, it did not necessarily mean that there were no shrimp in those areas. He added that juvenile shrimp of about two inches in length had been caught and he thought that it might not be the right season for them. "Fishing from White Island to North Cape showed more potential, but this was in water from 200 to 400 fathoms deep,'' he added. "This is the only research vessel in New Zealand and we have to cover all the coastal waters for various types of fish. Our re- search into shrimp fishing has only just started," he continued. He stated that the depth of the water could be the deciding factor as to whether the shrimp could be commercialized or not, with profit. Interest in shrimp fishing in the Gisborne district was aroused when a New Zealand fishing firm was granted a license by the Minister of Marine in October 1962 to fish for shrimp and report its findings to the Fisheries Department. This was the result of shrimp being caught by trawlers from Gisborne in the coastal wa- ters while on routine trips. The manager of the Gisborne firm investi- gated methods of shrimp fishing while in Aus- tralia in 1962. Some Australian vessels processed, packed, and froze the shrimp while at sea and others used brine tanks to preserve the catch. (Commercial Fishing, a New Zealand fishery periodical, May 1963.) IK 7) y e Bani Norway EXPORTS OF CANNED FISH, JANUARY 1-APRIL 27, 1963: Norway's total exports of canned fish Jan- uary 1-April 27, 1963, were 11.1 percent less than in the same period of 1962. The decline affected all of Norway's principal canned fish products except canned brisling. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 101 Norwegian Exports of Canned Fish, January 1-April 27, 1962-63 Product « « « (Metric Tons)... 1, 822 1,547 4,563 4, 837 1, 139 1, 884 195 285 135 156 1,084 1, 160 475 555 1/Preliminary. This year, the small sild canning season opened on May 2. The small sild pack during May 2-25, 1963, amounted to 44,854 cases, up 11.6 percent from the pack of 40,187 casesin the same period of 1962. The brisling packing season began June 4, 1963. The quality of early brisling catches was excellent and a good brisling year was expected. (Norwegian Canners Export Jour- nal, June 1963, kook ok ook ok COD FISHERY TRENDS, MAY 1963: Norway's 1963 total young codfishery as of May 25, 1963, was 22,429 metric tons, com- pared with 18,006 tons at the same time last The total of spawning and young cod year. Fig. 1 - Shows a Norwegian line-fishing boat boating cod. landings as of that same date was 78,662 tons, compared with 84,148 tons in 1962. Of this year's total landings, 43,967 tons were sold for drying, 9,819 tons for salting, and 24,876 tons for fresh and frozen (includes 17,609 tons used for fillets). After the disappointing winter herring and Lofoten cod season, the young cod fishery off Finmark in northern Norway offered Norwe- 102 Norway (Contd.): Norwegian Catch and Disposition of Young and Spawning Cod, as of April 27, 1963, with Comparable Data - « (Metric Tons)... 6 Filleting Icing and fresh gian fishermen some encouragement. Total landings of young cod from the Finmark fish- ery amounted to 13,149 metric tons as of May 4, 1963, compared with 11,389 tons by the same date one year earlier. But by April 27, the combined 1963 catch of young and spawn- ing cod was still 14.6 percent below that in the comparable period of the previous year. (Fiskets Gang, April 25, May 9 and 30, 1963.) PROTESTS DISCRIMINATORY TREATMENT BY BRAZIL ON DRY-SALTED COD IMPORTS: The Norwegian Minister of Commerce in- formed the Storting on June 12, 1963, that Norway had delivered a protest to the Brazil- ian Government against alleged preferential treatment of klipfish (dried cod) imports from Denmark. Norway became a member of the Hague Club in 1958, putting trade and payments with Brazil on a multilateral instead of a bilateral basis, while Denmark has remained outside the Hague Club. The Norwegians allege that the rates of exchange utilized in Brazil dis- criminate against multilateral trading part- ners, thus giving the Danish dried cod ex- ports from the Faeroe Islands a price ad- vantage of 15 percent over the traditional Norwegian exports to Brazil, which has long COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 In Norway, klipfish is carefully stacked between spells of ex- posure to the sun. been one of the most important markets for Norwegian cured fish. The Norwegian Ambassador in Rio de Janeiro delivered an initial protest on January 8 of this year, but since the Brazilians have shown no inclination to correct the situation, the Norwegian Government is now contem- plating further action along the following lines: (1) Moral suasion--citing the International Monetary Fund's recommendations for the elimination of bilateral payments agreements; (2) Negotiations to obtain for Norway ad- vantages similar to those enjoyed by Denmark; and (3) An implied threat to curtail coffee im- ports from Brazil, which now supplies 65-75 percent of Norway's coffee consumption. (United States Embassy, Rio de Janeiro, June 14, 1963.) & Troan} GuEr § S A} rf N Panama SPINY LOBSTER EXPLORATORY FISHING PROJECT CONTINUED: M/V "Pelican™ Cruise 12 (April 18-May 1) and Cruise 13 (May 14-30, 1963): The one- year survey of stocks of spiny lobsters off Panama by the chartered commercial fishing vessel Pelican was continued during April and May 1963 when operations were switched to the Bocas area in the Caribbean Sea. The survey is being conducted by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries through an inter- agency agreement with the U. S. Agency for International Development (AID) Mission to Panama as an Alliance for Progress program. Cruises 12 and 13 were designed to extend ex- ploratory coverage to the Caribbean, as well August 1963 Panama (Contd.): as to obtain some basis for comparing the spiny lobster potential of the Caribbean and Pacific coastal areas of Panama. Since little evidence of trap fishing was available in the Bocas area off northern Pana- ma, efforts were focused on pure exploration rather than on production-type fishing. The highest catch rates during the Caribbean ex- plorations were achieved during Cruise 13 near the mouth of Bocas del Drago Channel where a 72-trap, 2- ~day set produced 72 lob- sters, all of the species Panulirus argus, ex- cept for one specimen of P. guttat guttatus. In con- trast to Pacific catches, where males were strongly predominant, Caribbean catches were composed of nearly equal numbers of females and males. Also, although wood traps con- tinued to outfish wire traps, the margin of advantage was markedly lower. CRUISE 12: A total of 350 lobsters (P. argus) was taken from 589 traps fished in 1- to 3-day sets (1,091 trap days). The 3-day sets were markedly more productive than either 1-day or 2-day sets. Fishing at pro- gressively farther distances from reefs showed that relatively smooth bottom areas from 75 to 200 yards from the reef edges were most productive. Sets made on reefs resulted in only small catches as did sets made at points far removed from the reefs. Bait trawling yielded small catches of both South American white shrimp (Penaeus sch- mitti) and sea bobs (Xiphopeneus kroyeri). The best shrimp catch was made between the mouth of Bocas del Drago Channel and the Chanquinola River. It consisted of 10 pounds of white shrimp from a 1-hour tow of a 40- foot trawl. Bait was not as readily available in the Bocas area as it was in the Pacific areas fished on previous cruises. CRUISE 13: The catch average again was small due to the purely exploratory nature of the investigation. A total of 346 (1,674 trap days) lobsters (P. argus) was taken from 841 traps fished in 2-day sets inthe Bocas del Toro Channel area. In the 72-trap set made in the mouth of Bocas del Drago, referred to previ- ously, 43 wood traps caught 54 lobsters in 2 nights while 29 wire traps caught 18 lobsters. Female lobsters averaged 20.5 ounces and males averaged 22.4 ounces. The lobster meat yield averaged 35.2 percent from fe- males and 31.8 percent from males. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 103 Long-line sets solved the bait problem. Seven 3-basket long-line stations yielded 9 sharks--sufficient bait for trap operations throughout the cruise. Depth-recorder surveys were made of the offshore areas near Isla Colon, Isla Bastimen- tos, and Cayos Zapatillas to 25 fathoms and in parts of Almirante Bay. The surveys were made to determine reef locations as well as the extent of trawlable bottom that might per- mit lobster trawling, especially in the event of heavy migratory concentrations. A few isolated trap sets were made off Isla Colon and the southern edge of Cayos Zapatillos with negative results. The depth recorder indica- tions and the limited results of trap explora- tions indicate that the Bocas del Toro and Bo- cas del Drago Channel areas have the highest potential for a trap fishery in the area so far explored in the Caribbean Sea off Panama. Experiments were also conducted during the cruise with a lobster trap made of acrylic plastic. It proved too brittle to withstand rough handling and was removed from service. M/V''Pelican'’ Cruise 14 (June 11-26, 1963): During this cruise, the Pelican moved to the Pacific Coast to conduct explorations in the Farallon-San Carlos area of the Gulf of Pana- ma. The catch of 774 lobsters consisted of 321 rock lobsters and 453 spiny lobsters, and they were caught at 150 trap stations (933 traps were Set) and 16 trawl drags. The first week of the cruise was spent work- ing off Farallon where depth-recorder surveys showed the bottom to be primarily smooth mud. Using a 40-foot shrimp trawl, 10 drags of 1 to 14 hours each, were made in depths of 3 to 10 fathoms. A total of 241 rock lobsters (Scyl- larides species) and 62 spiny lobsters (Panu- lirus gracilis) were caught. Lobster catch rates varied from 1 to 30 per drag for the spiny lobsters and from 2 to 72 for the rock lobsters. Trap fishing yielded poor catches. Only 31 spiny lobsters were taken from 228 traps fished in 2- to 3-night sets at 38 sta- tions. Members of the Farallon Fishery Co- operative came aboard the Pelican each day to obServe operations. During the second week of fishing, the Rio Mar-San Carlos area was explored. A depth- recorder survey showed rock formations scat- tered throughout the area. The 6 trawl tows attempted in the area in depths of 6 to 14 fath- oms produced 9 spiny and 80 rock lobsters. 104 Panama (Contd.): Gear damage on the hard bottom precluded further trawling effort. During trap fishing, 112 stations (705 traps set) fishing for 2 to 3 nights produced a total of 351 spiny lob- sters. Catch rates at different stations showed wide variations. The best catch con- sisted of 75 spiny lobsters from a 2-night set of 50 traps in 5 fathoms off Playa la Palma. The sex ratio for the total lobster catch during the cruise was: spiny lobsters, 246 males/207 females; rock lobsters, 180 males and 141 females. The rock lobster meat yield averaged 45 percent females and 33 percent for males. Of special interest was the discovery of concentrations of large croakers off Faral- lon during trawling activities. The concen- trations were previously unknown to local fishermen of the area. Five of the ten drags produced fish catches of 1,500 to 3,000 pounds. About 75 percent of the fish catch consisted of marketable species in the 2-pound size range. Notes: (1) Pelican Cruise 14 concluded the Panamanian lobster sur- vey project initiated in August 1962 under the interagency agree - ment between the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and the USAID Mission to Panama. Due to increasing interest by the fishing industry of Panama in the development of a lobster fish- ery, a continuation of the Bureau-USAID agreement has been arranged, extending the activities of the Pelican off Panama through June 1964. During the extended survey, the emphasis will be on fishing trials, in cooperation with participating Panamanian fishing companies, to evaluate more closely the lobster potential in selected areas. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1963 p. 85. Peru TUNA CANNING FACTORYSHIP PURCHASED FROM A UNITED STATES FIRM BEGINS OPERATIONS: The former United States tuna canning fac- toryship Neva, which was purchased from a West Coast firm in the early spring of this year by two Peruvian fishing companies, be- gan operations in the vicinity of Zorritos in northern Peru in mid-1963. After arrival in Peru, the Neva was refitted at Callao. As of mid-June 1963, one tuna purse seiner was reported to be fishing for the Neva and 2 or 3 additional seiners were en route to join the mothership fleet. The two Peruvian fishing companies that purchased the tuna canning factoryship are COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 owned by a long established Lima firm. This parent firm has interests in the fish meal and oil industry, plus the new venture in tuna can- ning, and also a long established hardware business. (United States Embassy, Lima, June 17, 1963.) SOS phe phe pe Be REACTION ON SEIZURE OF U.S. TUNA VESSELS BY ECUADOR: The incident involving the seizure of two United States tuna fishing vessels by Ecua- doran naval vessels engendered only a mini- mum of interest in the Lima, Peru, press. There were news items in the leading news- papers almost every day since May 26, 1963, but no editorial or other comment. Most of the news stories were from press agencies originating either in Quito or Santiago, or in the UnitedStates. The remainder were local recording comments of the Peruvian Minister of Foreign Relations. Items from Santiago, Chile, related to the determination of Chilean authorities to adopt energetic measures to end ''international piracy" by fishing vessels of other nations which invade Chileanterritorial waters. There were statements relating to the intention of Chile to initiate joint action with Peru and Ecuador to defend marine resources of the territorial seas claimed by those countries. Stories from Quito dealt largely with the seizure of the two United States vessels, the alleged interference of 19 additional United States tuna vessels in their capture, and the refusal of Ecuadoran authorities to release the two vessels while discussions with United States representatives in search of a solution to the problem were being held. A statement of Ecuador's position was published May 30. The news Stories originating in Lima at- tributed to the Foreign Minister the statement that any measures adopted by Peru to control and supervise the exploitation of marine re- sources would be in harmony with existing agreements with Chile and Ecuador. This was based on reporters! questions relating to the report from Santiago that Chile intended to pro- pose joint action against foreign fishing fleets. (United States Embassy, Lima, June 6, 1963.) FISH MEAL SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION, 1960-1963: In 1962, fish meal became Peru's most valuable export, and Peruvian fish meal pro- August 1963 Peru (Contd.): At Chimbote, Peru, anchoveta boat waiting to unload. Anchovies are the raw material for fish meal in Peru. Peruvian Supply and Distribution of Fish Meal, 1960-63 ipis6s | 2/1962 [2/1961 | 1960 eile ch tienen (Metric Tons)...... upply: Opening stocks Production 178,552| 157,434} 46,985] 45,882 1,155,000/1,100,000] 839,815/528,256 Total supply... .| 1,333,552|1,257,434] 886,800/574,138 istribution: USD OLGUS Melee Uetelen 3/1,200,000}1,055,882| 708,366/507,042 Apparent domestic consumption ... 25,000 23,000) 21,000} 20,111 7 1,225,000/1,078,882] 729,366 [527.1 53 Tot. distribution Closing stocks 108,552} 178,552)157,434| 46,985 ‘1/Forecast, 2/Preliminary. 3/Apparent export availability. duction and exports were expected to rise even higher in 1963. (United States Embassy, Lima, April 15, 1963.) sk sles ote oske OK 3k OK OK OK EXPORTS OF PRINCIPAL MARINE PRODUCTS, JANUARY-MARCH 1962-63: Jan,-Mar. 1963 Jan.-Mar.1962 | Item Qty. Value 1/ Qty. ae Value 1/ Metric |Million| US$ |Metric |Million}] US$ Tons Soles | 1,000] Tons | Soles 1,000} Fish meal. . | 326,393} 861.9 |32,136/343,430 31,499 Fish (frozen, canned, etc.) _7,318| _48.9| 1,823| 7,843] 55.7 | 2,077 Fish oil... 56,887 88.9| 3,315] 40,796] 107.1 | 3,993 Sperm oil.. S| = = 2.453] 8,6| 321 Whale meal. | 1,309 2,9| 108] 1,054 1.7[ 63] Fertilizer | (guano). . . 760 1.9 71] 4,019] 10.8] 403 1/F,0.b. values converted at rate of 26.82 soles equal US$1. (United States Embassy, Lima, July 12, 1963.) cat COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 105 Portugal CANNED FISH EXPORTS, JANUARY-MARCH 1963: Portugal's exports of canned fish during the first quarter of 1963 increased 15.2 per- cent from the same period in 1962, due pri- marily to higher exports of sardines (up 11.3 percent) and a sharp increase in the exports of mackerel (up 369 percent). Sardines ac- counted for 78.5 percent of the 1963 exports of canned fish, followed by anchovy fillets with 8.7 percent, and mackerel with 7.9 percent. Portuguese Canned Fish Exports, January-March 1962-1963 In Oil or Sauce: Sarcdinespeepeibele siete ° Chinchards | :. 5 eve 331 Mackerel) ie) jeme) «1 olor) (eae 1 SOn Tuna and tuna-like .. 457 Anchovy fillets. ....{| 1,506 Others...» «+ e+ ee 70 Portugal's principal canned fish buyers during the first quarter of 1963 were Germany with 2,589 metric tons, followed by Italy with 2,585 tons, United States 2,209 tons, United Kingdom 1,922 tons, and France 1,651 tons. (Conservas de Peixe, May 1963.) sk ok ook Kk CANNED FISH PACK, JANUARY-MARCH 1963: Portugal's total pack of canned fish in oil or sauce for the first quarter of 1963 was down about 31 percent as compared with the same period in 1962. The combined sardine and anchovy fillet pack during January-March 1963 accounted for 91.4 percent of the total pack. Compared with the first quarter of 1962, the January-March 1963 pack of sardines dropped 31 percent and the anchovy pack was down about 24.2 percent. During February and March 1963, a closed season for sardine Portuguese Canned Fish Pack, January-March 1962-63 Product In Oil or Sauce: Sardinesiqayi wera valetre Chinchards*.% 5%. 0) s;\« Mackerel ycientovenialie Tuna and tyna-like . Anchovy fillets. ... @thersifemeiteeltel enews 106 Portugal (Contd.): fishing was in effect. The canned tuna pack in the first quarter of 1963 was less than half that of the same period in 1962. (Conservas de Peixe, May 1963.) South Africa Republic PILCHARD-MAASBANKER FISHERY, JANUARY-MARCH 1963: The fish catch off the Cape west coast of South Africa Republic in the first 3 months of 1963 was 170,298 short tons pilchards, 3,997 tons maasbanker, and 14,233 tons mack- erel. The total catch for the 3-months period was 188,538 short tons. This compares with 283,613 tons pilchards, 4,451 tons maasbank- er, and 9,207 tons mackerel landed in Janu- ary-March last year. The January-March 1963 catch yielded 43,477 short tons of fish meal, 2,786,051 im- perial gallons of fish body oil, 4,256,568 pounds of canned pilchards, and 4,949,208 pounds of canned mackerel. The fish catch off the Cape west coast of the South Africa Republic in the first 2 months COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 of 1963 was 115,397 short tons pilchards, 273 tons maasbanker, and 4,293 tons mackerel. The total catch for the 2-months period was 119,963 short tons. This compares with 188,838 tons pilchards, 1,276 tons maasbank- er, and 6,187 tons mackerel landed in Janu- ary-February 1962. The January-February 1963 catch yielded 27,897 short tons of fish meal, 1,636,818 im- perial gallons of fish body oil, 2,577,672 pounds of canned pilchards, and 905,280 pounds South-West Africa FISHERIES TRENDS, APRIL 1963: As of early April this year, all 6 fish reduction and can- ning plants at Walvis Bay were active for the 1963 season, The quota fixed by the South-West Africa Administration was raised this year from 435,000 tons to 540,000 tons, di- vided equally among the 6 factories. In granting this increase in the quotas, the Administra- tion made it clear to the industry that any further quota would be considered in the light of a possible additional li- cense being granted and that factory operators must bear this in mind when expanding or renewing their plant. A South African canning and industrial products plant showing mooring jetties. August 1963 South-West Africa (Contd.): Because of the ready market for fish meal the industry this year will concentrate on the production of meal, most of which has already been sold in advance, The labor trouble and bad weather experienced by the Peruvian industry may result in that country falling below its previous high production which could mean an additional demand on South and South-West African supplies in the lat- ter part of the year. According to the Chairman of the South African Fishmeal Producers’ Association, it is expected that Peru will lose about 150,000 tons, or from 15 to 20 percent of her produc-~ tion. Discussing the future of the fish meal industry, the Chair- man said that the growth in demand for this commodity dur- ing the period 1960 to 1963 could not be repeated. In the last three years the demand had almost doubled. During the coming years there would only be steady increases which he forecast would be from 5 to 10 percent on average, This meant a consolidation and stabilizing of the market, he add- ed. The market for fish oil, the Chairman said, had improved, The prospects at present were bright in comparison with the dull outlook at the beginning of 1963. Whale oil production had dropped by 90,000 tons and the anticipated production in Peru would be lower. This, he said, had led to a sharp re- covery in the market, “T am confident that all our 1963 fish oil production will be sold at a much better price than we anticipated,’’ said the Chairman. The first shipment this year was made on the Anella at the end of April which loaded all the available stock at Walvis Bay. The second shipment from Walvis Bay was made during June. Further shipments will depend entirely on sales. Sales of canned fish, the Chairman commented, had im- proved during January-March and were better than the cor- responding period last year, Nevertheless, the Far East- ern market was both insecure and uncertain, The canning program of the industry this year will be cut back, By the middle of April the condition of the pilchards at Walvis Bay was average and the oil yield was from 7 to 8 gallons a ton of fish. Canning on a small scale was started by three of the factories after Easter, The first substantial shipment of fish meal was made to England. (The South African Shipping News and Fishing Industry Review, May 1963.) OK KK ok SOVIET FLEET RESUMES FISHING OFF COAST: The Soviet fishing fleet off South-West Africa, estimated at about 20 vessels, was active during April 1963. At one stage no less than 8 ships were anchored just outside the territorial waters about 10 miles north of Walvis Bay. The trawlers transferred catches to the motherships and at the same time a small tanker refueled the vessels. Two trawlers, the Yalta and Feodosia, called at Walvis Bay during April for fresh COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 107 water and supplies. The Yalta was built last year in East Germany. One of the Soviet trawlers, waiting to trans- fer its catch, tried catching pilchards. Only once before, in July 1961, did the Russians make any attempt to catch pilchards off the South-West African coast. (South African Shipping News and Fishing Industry Review, May 1963.) Sudan NEW FISHING HARBOR PLANNED: The Sudanese have plans to rehabilitate and develop the abandoned Port of Suakin south of Port Sudan on the Red Sea. These plans in- clude the establishment of a fishing harbor and related facilities. The installations are expected to be completed by 1967. (United States Embassy, Khartoum, June 13, 1963.) Taiwan FISHERIES TRENDS, FIRST QUARTER 1963: The yield from Taiwan's fisheries in the first quarter of 1963 was about 7 percent greater than in the same period of the previ- ous year. Taiwan Fisheries Production, January-March 1963 Metric Tons Offshore and deep-sea fisheries Coastal fisheries Fish culture Taiwan fisheries production in the first quarter of 1963 did not, however, equal that in the last quarter of 1962, due mainly toa decline in the tuna catch. Taiwan fishermen are concerned over the possibility that their main tuna fishing grounds in the Indian Ocean may be depleted. Because of this, part of the fleet may shift to American Samoa where a new United States cannery was expected to be- gin operations in mid-1963. A frost in January 1963 was reported to have killed over 1 million milkfish finger- lings in fish culture wintering ponds. This was expected to reduce the June 1963 harvest by an estimated 20 percent. In the first quarter of 1963, Taiwan ex- ported over 10 tons of frozen shrimp to Ja- 108 Taiwan (Contd.): pan, and exports for the year will probably exceed 50 tons. Only 4 of the 12 new tuna long-line vessels completed in early 1963 had entered service by March. The others were awaiting instal- lation of refrigeration equipment and: proc- essing of crews. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development was expected to complete its consideration of the Chinese request for a loan to finance the construction of sixteen 300-ton and two1,000-ton tuna long-liners some time in May 1963. The proposal had previously been submitted to the Internation- al Development Association. Purse -seine vessels, traveling in pairs, set out from the Tawain portof Nan Fan Ao for fishing in the Pacific Ocean. The Taiwan Provincial Government Tidal Land Committee has been studying a plan to reopen a 1,200-acre inland sea which has been used for fishculture. The outlet from the in- land sea (about 18 miles north of Kaohsiung) has beenclosedby silt. Failure to reopen the area could cause losses of over US$1,249,000a year. (United States Embassy, Taipei, May 22, 1963.) Notes: (1) Taiwan dollar 40.03 equals US$1.00. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1963 p. 74. Thailand FISHING FLEETS ALMOST COMPLETELY MOTORIZED: Thailand has almost completely motorized its fishing fleet. A Food and Agriculture Or- ganization (FAO) expert reports that the col- orful sailing junks that dotted the Gulf of Thailand 10 years ago ''have been replaced almost 100 percent by mechanized boats." COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 Fig. 1 - Thai seiner Sindhu Charnchai (10 gro with a 27-hp. Diesel engine. —7 a x ss tons) equipped With modernization, the annual catch made by Thai fishermen climbed from 205,000 tons in 1953 to 305,000 in 1961 (although part of this increase is attributable to improvements in the collection of statistics). a — = Te vee a E ha Fig. 2 - Thai seiner Sapsobhon (32 gross tons) equipped with a 120-hp. Diesel engine. The importance of progress in the fishing industry can be measured by the fact that fish provides more than 70 percent of the animal protein in the Thai diet. The Thai people pre- pare fish in a wide variety of forms, adding Indian and Chinese recipes to their favorite local dishes. The wider ranging, faster, motorized fish- ing fleets now assure Thailand an abundant supply of fish, chiefly chub mackerel. The new boats have airy quarters which are exem- plary for crew accommodation in the tropics. August 1963 Thailand (Contd.): The marked changes are the product of an effective combination of national and interna- tional efforts. In addition to FAO programs, the United States and Germany have provided the industry with material and technical aid. "Thailand has a very alert staff of fisher - ies officers,'' the FAO expert stated. ''They have been eager to learn and quick to accept training opportunities in Japan and the West ESS SESE Fig. 3 - Interior view of the Thai seiner Sapsobhon. Noting that Thai fishermen, with engines of increasing power in their vessels, will tend to range farther out, the FAO expert recommended stronger construction in future boat building so as to make the craft safer during storms. Asa result of this and other suggestions by the fishing boat expert, FAO will follow up by sending a Canadian marine architect to assist fishermen when they are building new vessels or modifying existing ones. The fishing industry is also making prog- ress in the areas of processing and distribu- tion, according to another FAO expert from Pakistan. A technological laboratory has been established to improve handling and preserving fish, he said. "There are still problems in shipping fish so that it will arrive in good condition in the northern part of the country where there are protein deficiencies in the diet,’ the Pakistan expert stated. (Food and Agriculture Organi- zation, Rome, Italy, June 21, 1963.) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 109 Uganda FRESH-WATER FISH PRODUCTION, 1961-62: Uganda has lakes and rivers totaling 13,600 square miles and commercial fishing is now undertaken in all major waters. Lakes Vic- toria, Edward, George, Albert, and Kyoga are the main producing areas. The most common methods of fishing are gill-netting, beach- seining, basket-trapping, and long-lining. Til- apia is the most valuable species, but many other kinds of fish find ready sale including Nile perch, catfish, lungfish, elephant-snout fish, and the sardine-sized Haplochromis. A record 63,500 tons of fish with a lakeside value of £2.5 million (US$7.0 million) and a retail value of £3.5 million ($9.8 million) were produced in 1962. This compares with 60,188 tons in 1961 with a lakeside value of $2.4 mil- lion ($6.72 million) and retail value of $3.0 million ($8.4 million). Because of continued difficulties in exporting fish to the Congo, fish exports dropped from about 3.3 million pounds, valued at £210,000 ($588,000) in 1961, to about 2 million pounds worth £112,000 ($314,000) in 1962. Uganda is considered to be more advanced in the mechanization of its fishing fleet than any other country in East or Central Africa with an estimated 1,500 outboard engines now in use. The contrast between Kenyan and Ugandan fishermen is particularly striking. An outboard engine is rarely seen in the Kenya waters of Lake Victoria whereas most fisher- men on the Uganda side of the Lake use them regularly. A total of 207 outboard engines were bought by Ugandan fishermen in 1962. ey States Embassy, Kampala, Junel, 1963. U.S.S.R. SOVIET FISHING CONDITIONS: In the Soviet Union there are two types of ownership of fishing craft and fishing gear. The first type is State ownership, where all vessels, gear, etc., are under fleet adminis - tration and the so-called fish combines, The second type is cooperative. Fishery coopera- tives not only fish within the territorial limits but they have the same right as the State fleet to fish in international waters. 110 Woon (Conta): When the fishing fleets return home, re- pairs may be made at special repair yards. Very often the vessel's crew is in attendance to keep things in order and aid in routine re- pairs and preventative maintenance. The fishermen are directly interested in seeing that the vessel is maintained in perfect con- dition and that all work is carried out in the best possible manner, Repair work is paid for according to the usual piecework-premium system, and pay- ment is made from the fleet administration's funds. Payment for repair work amounts to 70 percent of the maximum tariff, but if the work has been done well and on time, it in- creases to 100 percent. It is obvious that the conditions for the ves- sel crews cannot be uniform, neither while fishing or in port. For example, crews on the whale catching fleet receive a different pay, all according to whether they are en route to the whaling area, if they are whaling, or if they are on the way home. Fishermen who fish the northern regions get a special seniority supplement. These fishermen, who work in areas near and a- round the North Pole, get a basic wage which is higher than the pay offered for comparable work in the Soviet Union's central offshore waters. The crews eat together. Breakfast, lunch, dinner, and supper are served. On board the vessel one can buy sweets, canned goods, sausages, cheese, fruit, etc. On land there are special shops where the fishermen can make purchases. All the smaller vessels can request tech- nical assistance and medical aid. At thebases of the fishing fleets there are libraries, bath- houses, movie theaters, barber shops, etc. On the medium-large and large vessels, as a rule, there are 2- and 4-man staterooms for the members of the crew. On smaller vessels the accommodations often are more crowded. All fishing vessels are equipped with radio and on many there are motion picture projec- tors. On the larger vessels there are differ - ent kinds of instruction, often of a technical character. When the vessel is fishing, crew COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 members have the right, now and then, to talk with friends and relatives over the radio. On their fishing cruises the crews also receive regularly, letters, packages, newspapers, and periodicals. In the Soviet Union fishermen are a highly respected group. Many fishermen have re- ceived orders and medals for their prominent contributions, and many have received titles of honor, such as socialist labor hero. (Vest- kysten, Danish newspaper, Esbjerg, Denmark, May 3, 1963.) SAURY CANNING PLANT ESTABLISHED IN KURIL ISLANDS: A Moscow news broadcast monitored in Ja- pan announced that the Soviet Union has re- cently started operating a saury canning plant on Shikotan Island, situated northeast of Hok- kaido in the Kuril Islands. The plant is said to have an annual production capacity of 10 million cans, - The Soviet Union is exerting great efforts to expand her coastal fishery processing fa- cilities. Her 1963 investments for construc- tion of refrigeration and fish processing plants represent a 42-percent increase over 1962 in- vestments. (Suisan Tsushin, June 3, 1963.) he United Kingdom SMALL-TYPE STERN TRAWLERS HAVE MANY NEW FEATURES: In Great Britain there is a new surge of interest in 80- to 100-foot long stern trawlers for North Sea fishing. These vessels, em- bodying distinct attempts at automation, were one of the features at the Second World Fish- ing Congress held in London, May 27-31, 1963. The first contribution to this type vessel comes from a large British fishing company with their Daring class, the first two of which, now under construction, may well set the pat- tern in near-water fishing vessels for years to come. The first of these new type stern trawlers is the Ross Daring which is scheduled to enter service in October 1963, to be followed after a few months by a second vessel of the same class, the Ross Delight. Of combined welded- August 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 111 United Kingdom (Contd.): q » \ yf Ly ~ 0 y a Ban ROTH: Fig. 2 - Launching of the Ross Daring at Cochrane's Selby Ship- yard on May 25, 1963. EAA SN All winches are hydraulically-operated and specially developed. Hauling gear consists of twin ''split'' winches mounted on each side of the fish deck and remotely-controlled from the bridge. Each drum has an approximate capacity of 400 fathoms of 23" cir. warp and has automatic guiding-on gear. A twin-drum hydraulic warping winch, mounted on the cen- ter line of the upper deck and aft of the fore- castle, is fitted with controls at the winch. The entire engine and pump unit is mounted on a bedplate which also serves as a supply tank for the hydraulic system. SS —= = x IS ~ Aimed at making work pleasant for the fish- ermen, the new stern trawlers include: 5 Fig. ie Daughter of Ross Group's chairman names vessel Ross (1) An entirely redesigned deck layout Daring on May 25, 1963. which allows the whole of the framework of riveted construction, and incorporating the | the trawl to be taken on board with only one latest techniques in unit assembly, the vessel | Set of links to disconnect. has a flush deck amidships, single-tier deck- house, anda clipper-type bar stern. The prin- (2) Facilities to enable all the catch to be cipal characteristcs of the Ross Daring are: gutted and washed under cover at waist level, cas thereby relieving fishermen of the stooping Length over-all 99'0 ; length between and stretching which has been their experi- perpendiculars 85'0''; molded beam 23'0"'; ence since trawling began. molded depth 12'6"; draft aft 11.0''; draft forward 8'6"', Propulsion is by an 8-cylinder type, 4-stroke Diesel engine. Pressure- charged and intercooled it develops 407 s. hp. at 1,200 r.p.m. (at a propeller speed of 300 r.p.m.). Power transmission machinery con- sists of an ICRVP size 3 gearbox and hydrau- lic unit giving a 4:1 reduction, and a variable pitch propeller (diameter 6'54"'). Designed speed is 10% knots. Main electric power is supplied by a 20 kw. generator, belt-driven from the main engine. Power for the hydrau-| in fishing equipment, ample deck space, and lic operation of the main winches is provided | a roomy fish hold could be built into a small by a 6-cylinder type Diesel having a maxi- vessel requiring far smaller crew than form- mum output of 87 b. hp. at 1,800 r.p.m. erly appeared possible. (3) A 4,800-cubic-foot fish hold, giving the crew of 4 men ample room for working, and for stowing the fish quickly and efficiently. Economy in operation, in fact, is the yard- stick guiding all aspects of design. Having de- cided the maximum crew requirements (num- ber, accommodation, etc.) and the feasibility of remote control from the bridge of both winch and sealed engine, it was found that the latest 112 United Kingdom (Contd.): Difficulties are anticipated in the initial stages until the crews are familiar with the different skills required. But fishermen are known to be quite adaptable and the basic rea- soning behind the new design is expected to prove itself within a very short time. KK ok ok Ok ok NEW FISH-DRYING PROCESS DEVELOPED: A new process for the accelerated mechan- ical drying of fish has been developed by a Scottish shipbuilding firm in association with the British Government Torry Research Sta- tion of the Department of Scientific and Indus- trial Research at Aberdeen. The new method will enable fish to be treated under strict hygienic control within hours of being caught. It will prevent the possibility of infestation and retain the pro- tein value of the fish. This development, it is claimed, will en- able countries which have no refrigerated distribution and storage facilities, and which depend on locally-caught fish or naturally dried fish, to be supplied with high protein fish at economic prices. (Fish Trades Ga- zette, June 8, 1963.) ie XK 3K ok ok Ok FISHERY LOANS INTEREST RATES REVISED: The British White Fish Authority announced that beginning April 27, 1963, their rates of interest on loans for fishing vessels of not more than 140 feet, new engines, nets and gear, would be as follows: on loans for not more than 5 years, 54 percent (decrease 1 percent); on loans for more than 5 Sonia, antl not more than 10 years, 54 percent (decrease Eo percent); on loans for more than 10 years, But not more than 15 years, 6 percent (de- crease z percent); and on loans for more than 15 years, but not more than 20 years, Og per- cent (decrease percent). The rates on loans made before April 27 are unchanged. In June, the White Fish Authority announced, the following additional changes in rates of interest on loans made as from June 8: Fishing vessels of not more than 140 feet, new engines, nets and gear: on loans for COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 more than 5 years, but not more than 10 years, 53 percent (decrease z percent); on loans for more than 10 years, but not more than 15 years, 52 percent (decrease mr percent); on loans for more than 15 years, but not more than 20 years, 53 percent (decrease + per- cent). All other rates were unchanged. (Fish Trades Gazette, May 11 and June 22, 1963.) ———— Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, February 1963 p. 89. In April-July 1963, a total of 180 to 200 Soviet fish- ing vessels were operating in the Bering Sea and North Pa- cific Ocean, including the Gulf of Alaska. Of those, about 130 to 140 craft trawled for ocean perch in the Gulf of Alaska, In mid-July, however, two king crab factoryships and their accompanying fishing vessels moved from the Bering Sea into the Gulf of Alaska to a location about 30 miles south of Kodiak Island. This is the first time the So- viets have entered the commercial fishery for king crab south of the Alaska Peninsula, Later in mid-July the Soviet king crab fleets had departed from the area south of Kodiak Is- land. (Unpublished sources.) Soviet fleet on Georges Bank varied from about 150 to 200 vessels. So far this year 30 or more trawlers have been sighted traveling between the Northwest Atlantic and ports in Cuba, (Unpublished sources.) SOVIET TRAWLER OFF CALIFORNIA COAST: A 150- foot Soviet trawler was reported off the coast of northern California on June 15, 1963, at a point about 100 miles west of Eureka, The vessel’s gear was described as ‘‘similar to that used for fishing shrimp.’’ (Unpublished sources.) SOVIET-CUBAN SCIENTIFIC AGREE MENT: Soviet and Cuban scientists signed a scientific cooperation agreement May 28 providing for joint studies in a number of fields in- cluding oceanography. One project provides for a series of joint studies of the ocean near Cuba, (Unpublished sources,) The Soviet Union ordered 20 fishing vessels from Japanese shipyards for a total of US$137 million. The Soviets re- quested the following credit terms: 30 percent down and the rest in 12 semiannual payments of 5 percent of the to- tal price, The Japanese Government accepted the Soviet terms except that the semiannual payments are to be paid in 5-1/2 rather than 6 years, the last payment being the final 10 percent. The following vessels were ordered: 5 tuna factoryships (US$20 million)!/; 5 floating canneries (US$40 million); 5 fish~meal factoryships (US$37 million); and 5 refrigerated fish carriers (US$40 million). La Peche Maritime, May 1963.) FRENCH WILL BUILD SOVIET STERN TRAWLERS: The Soviet Government has concluded a 100-million-franc (about US$20 million) contract with a private French ship- yard for 3 factory stern trawlers. The vessels will be about 425 feet long and 63 feet wide each with a crew of 220 persons, 160 of which will be processing workers, They will trawl and purse seine principally for herring and for tropical sardines, The most modern automated processing equipment will include canning, freezing, and fish-reduction facilities. Conveyors will carry empty cans August 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 113 Foreign Fisheries Briefs (Contd.): the Liberian Department of Agriculture and Commerce to regulate the fishing industry by centralizing the landing and marketing of fish. It will control the distribution and prices On oe iS HA ger agente a is ae Seed Sete of fish, and will collect statistics. To implement this pro- closed eircuit television The first of these 4,250-gross- gmam)y the) Govennmenyollibenashasyre quested the ybecknis Fra, HL TS GIRS fea TOG NE a is cal Assistance Board of the United Nations to assign a fish- ae Berne ries e celivered in oS LIND Bebe eries expert to that country. (U, S, Embassy, Monrovia, ime, May -) June 9, 1963.) 1/Reports in Japanese periodicals on the building of tuna motherships for U. S.S. R. LIBERIAN FISHING INDUSTRY TO BE REORGANIZED: asueported in Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1963 p. 86, were somewhat SSS SS SSS SS SS SS —EeEeES SESS di tas to detail. A new Bureau of Commercial Fisheries is to be set up in Note: These briefs vase abstracted and comriled by the U. S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries Branch of Foreign Fisheries and Trade. UNITED STATES FOOD SUPPLY IS BOTH SAFE AND NUTRITIOUS The American food supply is both safe and nutritious, according to results of ''total diet studies'' completed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in November 1962. FDA scientists analyzed market basket samples of foods for pesticide residues and vita- min content. Pesticide residue content was found well within safe tolerance limits set for specific pesticides on individual foods. Levels of Vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin were found to be more than two times the Recommended Dietary Allowances of the Food and Nutrition Board of the Nation- al Research Council. Vitamins Bg and B;2 were well above the amounts estimated as re- quired for good nutrition. (Recommended allowances for Bg and Bj9 have not been estab- lished.) The studies did not include vitamins C and D because the method of sample prep- aration results in destructionof those vitamins. But FDA nutritionists point out that other studies have shown that those vitamins are adequately supplied by food sources. The samples analyzed represented the total diet of a 19-year-old boy--the biggest eater in the United States population. ''Market basket'' samples consisting of about 60 pounds of groceries--a one week's supply--were obtained every three months from chain groceries in the Washington, D. C., area beginning in May 1961. Beginning in May 1962, similar samples werecollectedalsoinAtlanta, Minneapolis, St. Louis, and San Francisco. Commodities and quantities sampled were from the ''moderate income" food list fur- nished by Household Economics Research Division of the Department of Agriculture. The Clinic Kitchenat the National Institutes of Healthassisted in preparation of foods normally cooked before consumption. Determinations were made for residues of 20 chlorinated hydrocarbons, including DDT, and for organic phosphate type insecticides. Most of the samples containedno resi- dues or mere traces of chlorinated hydrocarbons; a few contained amounts measurable by extremely sensitive techniques. Only a few traces of organic phosphate residues were found. FDA scientists interpret the findings as an assurance of confidence inthe protec- tion provided by the Pesticides Amendment of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. The survey findings alsosupport the conclusion that foods readily available at super - markets contain ample quantities of vitamins. They contradict the allegations of food fad- dists that the American food supply is nutritionally depleted. 114 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 Department of Commerce AREA REDEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION INDUSTRIAL LOAN TO ALASKA CANNING FIRM APPROVED: An industrial loan of $148,367 to the Aleu- tian Development Company, Inc., Unalaska, Alaska, was approved by the Area Redevelop- ment Administration (ARA), on June 13, 1963. The money will be used to replace and mod- ernize canning plant equipment and to expand salmon and crab canning operations at Jamal, Alaska. In addition, the ARA loan will allow the Alaska firm to buy two fishing vessels and gear to be used in the king crab fishery in the area. About 25 native cannery workers are ex- pected to have longer periods of employment as a result of the plant expansion. New jobs will also be created by the new fishing ves- sels. ave. cs 60 s 4, C Merah Department of Health, Education, and Welfare FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION EFFECTIVE DATE OF STANDARDS OF IDENTITY FOR FROZEN RAW BREADED SHRIMP STAYED: The effective date of July 6, 1963, of the standards of identity for frozen raw breaded shrimp and frozen raw lightly breaded shrimp has been stayed by an order of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration published in the Federal Register, July 6, 1963. Objections were filed to the original order (Federal Register, May 7, 1963), establishing definitions and standards of identity. There- fore, hearings on the objections will be sched- uled and announced in the Federal Register. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1963 page 94. STUDY OF STATE AND LOCAL FOOD AND DRUG LAWS: Plans for a comprehensive study of State and local food and drug laws and their en- forcement were announced on July 1, 1963, by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The Federal Agency has contracted with Pub- lic Administration Service, a nonprofit or- ganization in Chicago, IIl., to carry out the project. The study has the following basic objectives: 1, To identify what the State and local governments are providing consumers in terms of food and drug protection. 2, To identify and analyze similarities, variations, inconsistencies, and duplications affecting the State and local laws and the operations of their enforcement agencies. 3, To identify areas which could be im- proved by better State and local laws, organ- ization, personnel, facilities, programs, policies, budgets, and Federal programs, or by improved coordination between Federal, State, andlocal programs, andto provide rec- ommendations to accomplish improvements in each identified area. 4. To provide goals, guidelines as to means of approach, and timetables to attain any improvements and modifications deemed necessary. The study will covera period of 18 months at a cost to the Government of $250,000. The Commissioner of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration said, ''The performance August 1963 of the study will be in accordance with the prospectus developed by the Government with the assistance of a committee representing the Association of Food and Drug Officials of the United States. This independent study by an organization outside of Government should bring to light any needed improvement in laws, organization, and support for Federal- State coordination." Department of the Interior OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AUTHORIZED TO ENFORCE INDIAN COMMERCIAL FISHING REGULATIONS IN ALASKA: Notice of Secretarial Order No. 2857, Amendment No. 1, was published in the Fed- eral Register of July 12, 1963, as follows: ~ Office of the Secretary [Order No. 2857, Amdt. No. 1] COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND WILDLIFE Delegation of Authority To Enforce Regulations Governing Indian Fish- ing in Alaska Secretarial Order No. 2857, dated June 6, 1961, is amended to read: Section 1. Delegation. The Commis- sioner of Fish and Wildlife is authorized to enforce the regulations of the Depart- ment of the Interior governing Indian fishing in Alaska as set forth in 25 CFR Part 88, in those areas of the State of Alaska in which he is requested to do so by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Sec. 2. Redelegation. The Commis- sioner of Fish and Wildlife may, in writ- ing, redelegate or authorize written re- delegation of the authority granted in section 1 of this Order, except that au- thority set forth in 25 CFR Part 88, § 88.6(e). The redelegation of this au- thority shall be published in the Frp- ERAL REGISTER. JAMES K. Carr, Acting Secretary of the Interior. JULY 9, 1963. Note: As authorized above, the redelegation of authority to the Director, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, and the redelegation of authority to the Regional Director, Region5Sof the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, to enforce the above regulations (25 CFR Part 88) were published in the Federal Registerof July 16, 1963. BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES PUBLIC MEETINGS ON PROPOSED REVISION OF GRADE STANDARDS FOR FROZEN RAW BREADED SHRIMP: The proposed revision of the United States Voluntary Standards of Grade for Frozen Raw COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1S) Breaded Shrimp was discussed at public meet- ings held by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. All interested parties were invited to at- tend the public hearings and comment on the proposed revision. The meetings were held on July 8, 1963, at Brunswick, Ga.; July 10 at Tampa, Fla.; July 12 at Brownsville, Tex. July 15 at Los Angeles, Calif.; and July 17 at Chicago, Il. ve All comments, written or verbal were carefully considered in preparing the final draft of the revision, prior to publication in the Federal Register. BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE ALASKA REGIONAL OFFICE CLOSED IN REORGANIZATION: Phasing out of Juneau, Alaska, as are- gional office of the Bureau of Sport Fish- eries and Wildlife, and transfer of its ad- ministration function to Bureau offices in Portland, Oreg., was started July 1, 1963. The transfer will result in economy, closer cooperation, and more efficient oper - ation, since many of the activities which were formerly the responsibility of the Bu- reau have been assumed by the State of Alas- ka, After the reorganization is completed, the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife will be represented in Alaska by an official who will remain in Juneau, BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS INDIAN COMMERCIAL FISHING REGULATIONS IN ALASKA: An amendment to Part 88 of Title 25, Code of Federal Regulations, became effec- tive on publication in the Federal Register, July 12, 1963, The purpose of the amend- ment was to govern Indian commercial fish- ing in Alaska. Notice of the amendment as proposed ap- peared in the Federal Register of April 30, 1963. Within 30 days after publication of the notice, interested persons submitted written comments that the purpose of the regulations should be broadened to regulate all fishing within the Annette Islands Reserve. The comments were considered, and, where ap- propriate, incorporated into the amendment set forth below: 116 Title 25—INDIANS Chapter I—Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior SUBCHAPTER H—ECONOMIC ENTERPRISES PART 88—INDIAN FISHING IN ALASKA Sec. 88.1 Purpose. 88.2 Annette Isldnds Reserve; definition; ex- clusive fishery; licenses. 88.3 Commercial fishing, Annette Islands Reserve. 88.4 Subsistence and sport fishing, Annette Islands Reserve. 88.5 Commercial fishing, Karluk Indian Reservation. 88.6 Enforcement; violation of regulations; corrective action; penalties; closure of restriction, Annette Islands Re- serve. § 88.1 Purpose. The purpose of the regulations in this part is to regulate all fishing within the Annette Islands Reserve and to regulate Indian and other native commercial fish- ing in the Karluk Indian Reservation, but they shall not be construed to limit any rights of Indians or other natives of Alaska not specifically covered hereby. § 88.2 Annette Islands Reserve; defini- tion; exclusive fishery; licenses. (a) Definition. The Annette Islands Reserve is defined as the Annette Islands in Alaska, as set apart as a reservation by section 15 of the Act of March 3, 1891 (26 Stat. 1101, 48 U.S.C. sec. 358), and including the area identified in the Pres- idential Proclamation of April 28, 1916 (39 Stat. 1777), as the waters within three thousand feet from the shore lines at mean low tide of Annette Island, Ham Island, Walker Island, Lewis Island, Spire Island, Hemlock Island, and adjacent rocks and islets, located within the broken line upon the diagram attached to and made a part of said Proclamation; and also the bays of said islands, rocks, and islets. (b) Exclusive fishery. The Annette Islands Reserve is declared to be exclu- sively reserved for fishing by the mem- bers of the Metlakatla Indian Commu- nity and such other Alaskan natives as have joincd or may join them in resi- dence on the aforementioned islands, and any other person fishing therein without authority or permission of the Metlakatla Indian Community shall be subject to prosecution under the provi- sions of section 2 of the Act of July 2, 1960 (74 Stat. 469, 18 U.S.C. sec. 1165). (c) Licenses. Members of the Met- lakatla Indian Community, and such other Alaskan natives as have joined them or many join them in residence on the aforementioned islands, shall not be required to obtain a license or permit from the State of Alaska to engage in fishing in the waters of the Annette Islands Reserve. § 88.3 Commercial fishing, Annette Islands Reserve. (a) Definition. Commercial fishihg is the taking, fishing for, or possession of fish, shellfish, or other fishery resources with the intent of disposing of such fish, shellfish or other fishery resources or parts thereof for profit, or by sale, barter, trade, or in commercial channels. (b) Trap fishing sites; number and location. During 1963, and until the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Secretary of the Interior or his duly authorized representative determines otherwise, the Metlakatla Indian Com- munity is permitted to operate not more than one trap per site for salmon fishing at any four of the following sites in the Annette Islands Reserve, Alaska: (1) Annette Island at 55°15’09’’ north latitude, 131°36'00’’ west longitude. (2) Annette Island at 55°12’52’’ north latitude, 131°36’10’’ west longitude. (3) Annette Island at 55°02’47’’ north latitude, 131°38'53’’ west longitude. (4) Annette Island at 55°05'41’’ north latitude, 131°36’39’’ west longitude. (5) Annette Island at 55°01’54’’ north latitude, 131°38’36’’ west longitude. (6) Annette Island at 55°00’45’’ north latitude, 131°33’30’’ west longitude. (7) Annette Island at 54°59’41’’ north latitude. 131°36'48’’ west longitude. (8) Ham Island at 55°10’13’’ north latitude, 131°19’31’’ west longitude. (c) Trap fishing season. Fishing for salmon with traps operated by the Met- lakatla Indian Community is permitted only at such times as commercial salmon fishing with purse seine. is permitted by order or regulation of the Alaska Board of Fish and Game for Commercial Fish- ing in any part of Fishing District No. 1: Provided, That in any event, fishing for salmon with traps operated by the Metlakatla Indian Community is per- mitted for not less than one week beyond the last closing date established either by order or regulation of the Alaska Board of Fish and Game for commercial salmon fishing with purse seines in that portion of Fishing District No. 1 which lies east of 131 degrees 12 minutes west longitude. (d) Size, construction and closure of fish traps—(1) Size. When any part of a trap is in a greater depth of water than 100 feet, the trap as measured from shore at mean high tide to the outer face of the pot shall not extend beyond 900 feet. (2) Construction. Poles shall be per- manently secured to the webbing at each side of the mouth of the pot tunnel and shall extend from the tunnel floor to a height at least four feet above the water. A draw line shall be reeved through the lower end of both poles and the upper end of one. (3) Method of closing. The tunnel walls shall be overlapped as far as pos- sible across the pot gap and the draw line shall be pulled tight and both se- cured so as to completely close the tunnel. In addition, 25 feet of the web- bing of the heart on each side next to the pot shall be lifted or lowered in such manner as to permit the free passage of fish. (e) Other forms of commercial fish- ing All commercial fishing, other than salmon fishing with traps, shall be in accordance with the season and gear restrictions established by rule or regu- lation for Fishing District No. 1E by the Alaska Board of Fish and Game for Commercial Fishing except that the sea- son for purse seine fishing for salmon shall be the same as provided in para- graph (c) of this section. § 88.4 Subsistence and sport fishing, Annette Island Reserve. (a) Definitions. (1) Subsistence fish- ing is the taking or attempting to take any species of fish or shellfish for pur- poses other than sale or barter, except. Vol. 25, No. 8 as provided for in subparagraph (2) of this paragraph. (2) Sport fishing is the taking or at- tempting to take for personal use, and not for sale or barter, any fresh water, marine, or anadromous fish by hook and line or by such means as defined by regulation or statute of the State of Alaska. (b) Restrictions. Subsistence fishing within the Annette Islands Reserve shall be in accordance with the season, gear and bag restrictions established by rule or regulation of the Alaska Board of Fish and Game for Commercial Fishing in Fishing District No. 1. Sport fishing within the Annette Islands Reserve shall be in accordance with the season, gear and bag restrictions established by rule or regulation for Southeastern Alaska by the Alaska Board of Fish and Game. Both subsistence and sport fishing shall also be in accordance with such ordi- nances as may be adopted by the Coun- cil of the Metlakatla Indian Community and approved by the Secretary of the Interior. § 88.5 Commercial fishing, Karluk In- dian Reservation. (a) Definition. The Karluk Indian Reservation includes all waters extending 3,000 feet from the shore at mean low tide on Kodiak Island beginning at the end of a point of land on the shore of Shelikof Strait about 1% miles east of Rocky Point and in approximate lati- tude 57°39’40’’ N., longitude 154°12’20’’ W.; thence south approximately 8 miles to latitude 57°32’30’’ N.; thence west approximately 1212 miles to the con- fluence of the north shore of Sturgeon River with the east shore of Shelikof Strait; thence northeasterly following the easterly shore of Shelikof Strait to the place of beginning, containing ap- proximately 35,200 acres. (b) Who may fish; licenses. The waters of the Karluk Indian Reserva- tion shall be open to commercial fishing by bona fide native inhabitants of the native village of Karluk and vicinity, and to other persons insofar as the fishing activities of the latter do not restrict or interfere with fishing by such natives. Such natives shall not be required to obtain a license to engage in commercial fishing in-the waters of the Karluk In- dian Reservation. (c) Salmon fishing; restrictions. Commercial fishing for salmon by native inhabitants of the native village of Kar- luk and vicinity in the waters of the Karluk Indian Reservation shall be in accordance with the seasonal and gear restrictions of the rules and regulations of the Alaska Board of Fish and Game for Commercial Fishing in the fishing district embracing the Karluk Indian Reservation except that: (1) Beach seines up to 250 fathoms in length may be used northeast of Cape Karluk; and (2) prior to July 1, fishing shall be per- mitted to within 100 yards of the Karluk River where it breaks through the Kar- luk Spit into Shelikof Strait. § 88.6 Enforcement; violation of regu- lations; corrective action; penalties; closure of restrictions, Annette Is- lands Reserve. (a) Enforcement. The regulations in this part shall be enforced by any duly authorized representative of the Sec- retary of the Interior. Any fish trap, vessel, gear, processing establishment or August 1963 other operation or equipment subject to the regulations of this part shall be available for inspection at all times by such representative. (b) Violation of regulations. When- ever any duly authorized enforcement representative of the Secretary of the Interior has reasonable cause to believe any violation of the regulations of this part relating to fish traps has occurred, he shall direct immediate closure of the trap involved and shall affix an appro- priate seal thereto to prevent further fishing. The matter shall be reported without delay to the Area Director, Bu- reau of Indian Affairs, who shall there- upon report and recommend to the Sec- retary of the Interior appropriate cor- rective action. (c) Corrective action. Any violation of the regulations of this part relating COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW to fish traps shall be ground for the tem- ‘porary or permanent closure, as the Sec- retary of the Interior may determine, of any or all traps authorized by § 88.3(a), or the withdrawal and rescission of the right to fish for salmon with traps at any or all sites authorized thereby. (d) Penalties. Any person who vio- lates any of the regulations of this part shall be subject to prosecution under sec- tion 2 of the Act of July 12, 1960 (74 Stat. 469, 18 U.S.C. sec. 1165), which provides as follows: “Whoever, without lawful authority or permission, willfully and knowingly goes upon any land that belongs to any Indian or Indian tribe, band, or group and either are held by the United States in trust or are subject to a restriction against alienation imposed by the United States, or upon any lands of the United States that are reserved for Indian use, for the purpose of hunting, 117 trapping, or fishing thereon, or for the re- moval of game, peltries, or fish therefrom, shall be fined not more than $200 or im- prisoned not more than ninety days, or both, and all game, fish, and peltries in his posses- sion shall be forfeited. (e) Closure or restriction, Annette Is- lands Reserve. The Commisioner of Fish and Wildlife, after consultation with of- ficials of the Metlakatla Indian Commu- nity, is authorized and directed, upon a determination of its necessity to promote sound conservation practices, to restrict or close to commercial, subsistence or sport fishing any portion of the Annette Islands Reserve by notice given appropri- ate local publicity. JAMES K. Carr, Acting Secretary of the Interior. JULY 9, 1963. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1963 p. 96. Department of Labor WAGE AND HOUR AND PUBLIC CONTRACTS DIVISIONS MINIMUM WAGE RATES FOR PUERTO RICO TUNA CANNERY WORKERS REVISED: revised schedule of new minimum wage rates which reflect the 10-percent automatic increase prescribed by the 1961 amendments to the Fair Labor Stand- ards Act for industries (including tuna canning) in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands was an- nounced on June 8, 1963, by the U.S. Labor De- partment's Wage and Hour and Public Con- tracts Divisions. The revision amends a prior schedule announced on March 23, 1963, by showing minimum wage rates put into effect in certain industries since that date. The new minimum wage rate of $1.25 per hour for the tuna canning industry as announced on March 23, willbecome effective on November 3, 1963. The current minimum wage for tuna cannery workers in Puerto Rico is $1.15 per hour. aes The new rates reflecting the automatic in- crease, which will become effective for most industries on November 3, 1963, amount toa 25-percent increase over the rates which were in effect prior to the 1961 amendments to the Fair Labor Standards Act. This in- crease applies only to rates for those work- ers covered on the basis of the Act's provi- sions prior to the amendments. It does not affect workers covered for the first time by reason of the amendments. The amendments also provided, as in the case of the previous 15-percent statutory in- crease, that employers in Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands can apply to the Secretary of Labor for appointment of a review commit- tee to recommend minimum wage rates to be paid in lieu of the rates resulting from the 10-percent statutory increase. The re- view committee recommendations on revi- sion of the wage order program for Puerto Rico were published in the Federal Register on June 8, 1963. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1963 page 91, February 1963 page 94, October 1961 page 86. Eighty -Eighth Congress (First Session) Public bills and resolutions which may directly or indirectly affect the fisheries and allied industries are reported upon. Intro- duction, referral to committees, pertinent legislative actions by the House and Senate, as well as signature into law or other final disposition are covered, tae aN = \% 118 ANTIDUMPING ACT AMENDMENT: H.R. 7330 (Wharton) June 27, 1963; H. R. 7395 (Ashley), H. R. 7398 (Dulski), H. R. 7410 (Cunningham), and H.R. 7411 (Fuqua) July 8, 1963; H.R. 7432 (Battin), H.R. 7450 (Siler), and H, R. 7456 (Harvey) July 9, 1963; H.R. 7492 (Ashbrook) and H, R. 7517 (Fulton) July 11, 1963; H.R. 7545 (Mosher) and H, R. 7548 (Saylor) July 15, 1963; H.R, 7614 (Clark) July 16, 1963; introduced in House, to amend the Antidumping Act, 1921; referred to Com- mittee on Ways and Means. Similar or identical to other bills previously introduced in House. CALIFORNIA MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY: S. 1805 (Engle & Kuchel) introduced in Senate June 27, 1963, relating to the use by the Secretary of the Interior of land at La Jolla, California, donated by the Univer- sity of California for a marine biological research lab- oratory, and for other purposes; referred to the Com- mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs. CANADIAN TERRITORIAL WATERS EXTENSION: Representative Pelly (Wash.) had printed in the Con- ressional Record (June 28, 1963, Appendix, page RTT AB), an article he wrote that appeared in the June 23, 1963, issue of the Seattle Times on the proposal of the Canadian Government on the extension of the Canadian territorial waters to 12 miles. COLLISION AT SEA, REGULATIONS FOR PREVEN- TION: H. Rept. 365, Authorizing the President to Pro- claim Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (June 6, 1963, report from the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, House of Representatives, 88th Congress, lst Session, to accompany H. R. 6012), 38 pp., printed. The Committee favorably reported the bill with amendments and recommended passage. The amendments to the bill are technical in order to con- form to the printed copy to the original draft. Contains the need for the legislation, purpose of the bill, de- partmental reports, and changes in existing law. The Subcommittee on Merchant Marine and Fish- eries of the Senate Committee on Commerce on June 27, 1963, held hearings on S, 1459. The House on July 8, 1963, passed with amendments H, R, 6012, to authorize the President to proclaim reg- ulations for preventing collisions at sea. Would author- ize the President, on behalf of the United States, to pro- claim the international regulations for preventing col- lisions at sea, 1960, on or after a date fixed by the In- tergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization for application of such regulations by governments which have agreed to accept them, Such regulations shall thereafter have effect as if enacted by statute, and be followed by all public and private vessels of the United States and by all aircraft of United States reg- istry. However, they shall not apply to inland waters or any territorial waters of the United States. Would repeal the existing international rules for preventing collisions at sea, 1948, Regulations were formulated at the Fourth International Conference on Safety of Life at Sea, 1960 (annex E to the final act of the Inter- national Conference on Safety of Life at Sea). Parts of the rules of the International Regulations for preventing collisions at sea were rewritten. Those applying di- rectly to fishing vessels are covered under Rules 9 and 13. Senate received the bill July 10, 1963; re- ferred to Committee on Commerce, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES FUND: The Senate on June 27, 1963, received a favorable report (S, Rept. 338) from the Committee on Commerce on §, 627, to COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 promote State commercial fishery research and develop- ment projects, and for other purposes, S. Rept. 338, State Commercial Fisheries Develop- ment (A report from the Committee on Commerce, U.S. Senate, 88th Congress, lst Session, to accompany S. 627), 19 pp., printed. The Committee reported the bill favorably with amendments and recommended that the bill be passed, The Committee amendments pro- vide for an ''interstate cooperative fund" for a period of five years, which would be available to the States in amounts determined by the Secretary of the Interior providing that ''the Secretary shall give apreference to those States in which he determines there is a com- mercial fishery failure due to a resource disaster aris- ing from natural causes and in which a new commercial fishery can be developed where none existed previous- ly."' This discretionary fund, which would have annual appropriations of $500,000 in the first two years and $750,000 in the third, fourth, and fifth years, would be in addition to the annual appropriation of $5 million for apportionment to the States for five years on a 75 per- cent-25 percent matching fund basis. The "Minority View" held by Senators Cannon, Cotton, Lausche, and Prouty, was that this new program cannot be justified in view of the current Federal budget deficit. The bill would authorize grants of $28,250,000 over a five-year period, and reportedly cost $400,000 a year to admin- ister. Report also contains: purpose of the bill, section- by-section explanation, agency reports, appendix, and the minority view. (For hearings held on S, 627, see Fisheries Legislation.) Senator Pell in the Senate on July 15, 1963, ex- pressed his support for S. 627 (Bartlett el al.) stating, "Faced with the fact that in the recent past this Nation has dropped from second place to fifth place among the fishing nations of the world, S. 627 is designed to pro- vide much needed assistance to the States in carrying out programs of research and development to help lift one of our oldest industries from its present depressed state. The bill would allow a direct attack on this truly national problem, .. .I believe these positive features of the bill plus the overwhelming support expressed for it during the hearings conducted by the Committee on Commerce are impressive evidence that this legisla- tion is both worthy and urgently needed, I sincerely urge Senators to give S. 627 most careful consideration." Senator Gruening then added his support for S, 627 with the statement, ''I am heartily in favor of this pro- posed legislation. It is one of the striking facts about this fisheries bill, to which sufficient attention has not been called, that this Congress and past Congresses have rendered very great aid to those who produce food from the land, but no corresponding effort has been undertaken to aid those who produce food from the sea. There has been a great disparity between the aid given our farmers and the aid not given our fishermen, I be- lieve it is time for Congress to give to those who pro- duce food from the sea attention and solicitude equal to what has been given to those who produce food from the land, Senator Dodd in the Senate on July 16, 1963, ex- pressed his support for S, 627 (Bartlett et al.), He stated, in part, 'I cosponsored this legislation along with 30 of my colleagues who are greatly concerned, as I am, about the present condition of our commercial fishing industry. "TI think the financial assistance provided in this bill is a first step, an exceedingly modest first step, in an August 1963 effort to help a declining American industry... .I strongly urge passage of this legislation, when it is taken up later this week, and hope action will be possi- ble in the House so that it can become law at the earli- est possible moment." Senate on July 18 took up and debated 8S. 627, to pro- mote State commercial fisheries research and develop- ment activities, but it was displaced when other busi- ness was taken up on motion. Senator Yarborough in the Senate on July 18, 1963, xpressed his support for S, 627 stating, in part, ''We need to increase our research in commercial fishing; the need has been convincingly demonstrated, This bill encourages the State to engage in this research. In the past 10 years, the United States has slipped from the second place to fifth among the fishing nations of the world, while we lead the world in importing fish for our domestic market. "The Congress for decades has supported an exten- sive program of agricultural research; look at the bounty our farmers have produced. We nowneed to do the same for our vastly important, but often overlooked commercial fishing industry. As a coauthor of S. 627, I am hopeful that this measure will soon be reached on the calendar. The cost of the measure will be modest. The bill apportions the research funds among the States, and gives the States the aid, assistance, cooperation, and encouragement necessary to properly conserve and develop a great natural resource, "As our population increases rapidly, we will be going more often to the sea to draw on those great re- sources, We need to stimulate our research in fishing so that we shall always be able to rely on that great food supply...." The Senate on July 22, 1963, passed S, 627, to pro- mote State commercial fisheries research and develop- ment activities, after adopting a committee amendment (in the nature of a substitute) which had been amended by Senator Bartlett's amendment respecting preference given to a State suffering a commercial fishery failure due to disaster from natural causes, Prior to its pass- age, the Senate rejected Senator Cotton's motion to re- commit the bill to the Committee on Commerce. The legislation authorizes the Secretary of the In- terior to cooperate with the States through their re- spective State agencies in carrying out projects de- signed for the research and development of the com- mercial fisheries resources of the Nation, Appropria- tions to carry out those purposes are authorized under section 4(a) and section 4(b) of the act. Section 4(a) authorizes annual appropriations to the Secretary of the Interior of $5 million during a total 5-year program. The funds would be apportioned among the States on a matching basis according to the extent of commercial fisheries in each State as represented by the value of raw fish harvested by domestic fishing vessels and received within each State plus the average value of the fishery products manufactured within each State. Section 4(b) authorizes separate and additional an- nual appropriations to an interstate cooperative fund of $500,000 for the first 2 years of the program and $750,000 forthe next 3 succeeding years, which shall be made available to States in amounts as the Secretary of the Interior may determine. In allocating such funds, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 119 the Secretary shall give a preference to those States in which he determines there is a commercial fishery failure due to a resource disaster arising from natural causes, or a new commercial fishery can be developed, Each State desiring to take advantage of any of the benefits of the act is required to submit plans for any proposed project to the Secretary of the Interior, The Secretary has authority to approve the plans and pay to the State the Federalishare of any approved project in an amount not exceeding 75 percent of the total cost. Senator Bartlett, in introducing his amendment to the committee amendment, stated, ''The purpose of this amendment is to clarify the preference that is given to the States which qualify for the amounts authorized under section 4(b). A State can qualify if the Secretary determines that either one of the two conditions described exist in the State. The first con- dition is that there is a commercial fishery failure due to a resource disaster arising from natural causes. During the hearings, testimony was given which pointed out the severe problem that some States face in their development of a commercial fishery due to recent resource disasters that have arisen from natural rath- er than manmade causes. "The second condition is directed at promoting the development of a relatively new or inactive commer- cial fishery. Testimony during the hearings pointed out that in many areas there was much work that should be accomplished to help new or recent commercial fisheries. Specifically, the committee was concerned with the problem of the inland States and the commer- cial development of such fishery products as the buf- falofish and yellow perch," H. R. 7698 (Burke) and H. R. 7710 (St. Onge) intro- duced in House on July 23, 1963, and H.R. 7766 (Bates) introduced on July 25, 1963, to promote State Commer - cial fishery research and development projects, and for other purposes; referred to the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Similar to S. 627 passed by the Senate, Fe eon COMMODITY PACKAGING AND LABELING: Pack- aging and Labeling Legislation (Hearings before the Subcommittee on Ae eiieat and Monopoly of the Com- mittee on the Judiciary, U.S. Senate, 88th Congress, lst Session, pursuant to S. Res, 56 on S. 387), 552 pp., printed. Contains hearings held on March 6, 7, 12,13, 19, 20, 21, and 22, 1963, on S. 387, to amend the Clay- ton Act to prohibit restraints of trade carried into ef- fect through the use of unfair and deceptive methods of packaging or labeling certain consumer commodities distributed in commerce, and for other purposes; statements by-Federal agencies, Congressmen, and industry personnel; the text of S. 387; written state- ments and letters submitted to Subcommittee; and bi- ographical information. CONSERVATION OF MARINE FISHERIES RE- so ES: Gruening) introduced in Senate June 28, 1963, to conserve the offshore fishery re- sources of the United States and its territories, and for other purposes; referred to the Committee on Com- merce. Whenever the Governor of any State or Terri- tory alleges by a petition to the President of the United States that fishing by nationals of other nations in some or all of the coastal waters lying within twelve miles off the shores of such State or Territory is of such intensity or magnitude that the fishery resources in such waters are in danger of depletion, the President 120 shall appoint a Fact Finding Board. The Board shall investigate the allegations and make a report with rec- ommendations to the President. The President may, by proclamation, prohibit fishing some or all of the coastal waters lying up to twelve miles off the coast of such State by any person not a national of the United States; establish conservation zones in the coastal wa- ters lying up to twelve miles off the coast of suchState or Territory; limit the amount and type of fishing which may be conducted in such zones; and set forth whenand by whom fishing may be conducted in such zones. Sen- ator Gruening in his statement upon introduction of the bill (Congressional Record, June 28, 1963, pages 11276-11281) included four exhibits which were: letter from the Legislative Attorney of the Library of Con- gress; letter from the Assistant Secretary of the State Department, with summary of unilateral claims to ex- tend territorial seas or exclusive fishing zones, since the 1960 United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea; contents of bill S. 1816, and a Proclamation and 2 Executive Orders (Nos. 9633 and 9634) from President — Harry S. Truman. FACTORY INSPECTION: H. R. 6788 (Harris) intro- duced in House June 4, 1963, to protect the public health by amending the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to extend and clarify existing inspection and investiga- tive powers, require a premarketing showing of the safety of cosmetics, assure the safety, efficacy, and reliability of therapeutic, diagnostic, and prosthetic de - vices, improve the statutory coordination between that Act and the biological-drug provisions of the Public Health Service Act, provide for cautionary labeling of articles where needed to prevent accidental injury, and for other purposes; referred to the Committee on In- terstate and Foreign Commerce. Would substantially increase the present factory inspection authority of Food and Drug Administration and would authorize in- spectors of that organization to inspect "all things" contained in a food plant, "including records, files, papers, processes, controls and facilities" bearing on whether misbranded or adulterated foods have beenor are being manufactured. Would exclude from inspec- tionauthority, research, financial, sales, pricing, and personnel data, other than that relating to qualifications of technical or professional personnel. FISHERIES LEGISLATION: Fisheries Legislation (Hearings before the Merchant Marine and Fisheries Subcommittee of the Committee on Commerce, United States Senate, 88th Congress, 1st Session), 227 pp., illus., printed. Contains hearings held April 24 and25, 1963, on S. 627, to promote state commercial fishery research and development, and for other purposes; S. 744, to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to con- struct two modern stern-ramp trawlers to be used for ex- perimental, commercial fishing, research, and for other purposes; and S. 978, to provide medical care for cer- tain persons engaged on board a vessel in the care, preservation, or navigation of such vessel. Also con- tains the text of the above bills; reports of various Government agencies; testimony of Government agen- cies, State Governments, Senators and Congressmen, and industry personnel. FISHING LIMITS: Senator Bartlett (Alaska) on June 24, 1963 (Congressional Record, June 24, 1963, page 10689), presented to the Senate a statement on the straight baselines and fishing zones as being impera- tive for the United States. In part, he said: ". . .on June 4 of this year, Canadian Prime Minister Lester Pearson declared to the Canadian Parliament that the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Wo, 25, INO, 3 time had come to 'take firm and national action to pro- tect Canada's fishing industry'.... "Canada is not the only nation whose interests call for an extension of fishing rights and an adoption ofthe straight baseline method of measurement for the ter- ritorial sea. I have long insisted that it is imperative that the United States take similar steps.... "|, .the protection of our straits and inlets, and the need for clarity in the delineation of our territorial waters, make it imperative that we adopt the simple and widely accepted principle of straight headland-to-head- land baselines for the measurement of our territorial waters, And in the interest of our fishery resources and our fishing industry, we must establish an exclu- sive fishing zone of 12 miles! width, measured from these baselines. It is my belief that the present inter- national context and the approaching talks with the Ca- nadian Government offer a uniquely opportune setting for an executive pronouncement adopting the straight baseline principle and an international agreement with Canada regarding an exclusive 12-mile fishing zone.... "In the first place, the nature of the international fishing situation has led an unprecedented number of nations to extend unilaterally their fishing waters. Other countries are acting on their own initiative re- gardless of whether or not we act, I view as particu- larly significant the numerous extensions of territorial waters and the establishment of exclusive fishing zones since the 1960 United Nations Conference on Law ofthe SiEI5 46/0 FISHERY MARKETING ACT AMENDMENT: The Subcommittee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries of the Senate Committee on Commerce, June 27, 1963, held hearings on S. 1135, to make clear that fishermen's organizations, regardless of their technical legalstatus have a voice in the ex-vessel sale of fish or other aquat- ic products on which the livelihood of their members depends. HEALTH, EDUCATION AND WELFARE APPROPRI- ATIONS, FY 1964: Departments of Labor and Health, Education, and Welfare Appropriations for 1964 (Hear- ings before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Ap- propriations, House of Representatives, 88th Congress, lst Session, Part I and II), 1,343 and 712 pp., printed, respectively. Included in Part I is testimony on behalf of the Food and Drug Administration, and covering, among other subjects, food additives, pesticides, and water pollution control, Included in Part II (pages 493, 495 and 496) is testimony on shellfish sanitation, the establishment of two shellfish research centers, and the shellfish sanitation agreement with Japan. IMPORT COMMODITY LABELING: On July 18, 1963, The Senate passed, with amendment, H. R. 2513, re- quiring certain new packages of imported articles to be marked so as to indicate the country of origin, and for other purposes. The House on July 24, 1963, disagreed to Senate amendments to H. R, 2513; requested a conference with the Senate; and appointed as conferees Representatives Mills, King, O'Brien, Byrnes, and Baker. On July 25, 1963, the Senate insisted on its amend- ment to H.R. 2513; agreed to hold the conference requested by the House; and appointedas conferees Senators Byrd, Long, Smathers, Williams, and Carlson. August 1963 INTERIOR DEPARTMENT APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1964: Interior Department an elate encies Ap- ropriations for 1964 (Hearings before a Subcommit- tee of the Committee on Appropriations, U.S. Senate, 88th Congress, lst Session), 1,729 pp., printed. Con- tains hearings held on H, R. 5279, making appropria- tions for the Department of the Interior and related agencies (including the Fish and Wildlife Service and its Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife), for the fiscal year end- ing June 30, 1964, and for other purposes. Included is the testimony for funds for the Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice. The House on July 10, 1963, disagreed to the Senate amendments to H. R. 5279; agreed to a conference re- quested by the Senate; and appointed as Conferees Rep- resentatives Kirwan, Denton, Cannon, Harrison, and Reifel, The Conferees met on July 11, 1963, in execu- tive session. The House on July 11, 1963, received from the Com - mittee of Conference, the conference report (H. Rept. 551) on H. R, 5279. H. Rept. 551, Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriation Bill, 1964 (July 11, 1963, a onference Report from the Committee of Conference, House of Representatives, 88th Congress, Ist Session, to accompany H.R, 5279), 12 pp., printed. The Com- mittee of Conference came to agreement and presented their recommendations to the respective Houses. The Conferees agreed to appropriate $17,832,900 for man- agement and investigations of resources instead of $17,175,000 as proposed by the House and $18,682,500 as proposed by the Senate. The increase provided over the House bill includes $136,800 for initiation of a North Pacific gear research and development program; $87,600 for expansion of research on effects of pesti- cides; $6,500 for payment to employees’ compensation fund; $50,000 for 1964 Pay Act costs; $92,000 for tech- nical assistance on commercial fisheries in the Big Bend and other reservoir areas in South Dakota; $125,000 for biological studies of menhaden in the Gulf of Mexico; $60,000 for researchonmeans of controlling the red tide phenomenon; and $100,000 to promote the production of oysters by the propagation of disease- resistant strains. The Conferees appropriated $4,450,000 for construction instead of $1,800,000 as proposed by the House and $4,458,000 as proposed by the Senate. The increase provided over the House bill is for construction of a fishery research vessel for use in the North Pacific and Bering Sea. Appropriated $653,000 for general administrative expense as pro- posed by the Senate instead of $640,000 as proposed by the House. The increase provided over the House bill is for replacement of an obsolete accounting machine. For the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife the Conferees agreed to appropriate $30,589,900 for man- agement and investigations of resources instead of $29,879,400 as proposed by the House and $31,685,400 as proposed by the Senate. The increases of interest to commercial fisheries are: $55,000 for expansion of reservior research program in the Missouri River Basin; $30,000 for a cooperative fishery unit at the University of Idaho; and $30,000 for a cooperative fish- ery unit at Pennsylvania State University. Appropri- ated for construction was $5,243,500 instead of $3,678,000 as proposed by the House and $5,898,500 as proposed by the Senate. The increase provided over the House bill includes $80,000 for acquiring a surplus COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 121 vessel for the Sandy Hook Marine Laboratory, New Jersey. Appropriation for the Office of the Commissioner was $386,000. By a record vote of 326 yeas to 50 nays, the House on July 17, 1963, adopted the conference report (H. Rept. 551) on H. R. 5279. The Senate on July 18, 1963, adopted the conference report (H. Rept. 551) on H. R, 5279. The action cleared the bill for the President's signature. The President on July 25, 1963, signed H.R. 5297 into law (P. L. 88-79). acy. MEDICAL CARE FOR VESSEL PERSONNEL: §S, Rept. 194, Medical Care for Fishing Boat Owners (May 27, 1963, report from the Committee on Commerce, U.S. Senate, 88th Congress, lst Session to accompany S. 978), 18 pp., printed. The Committee reported the bill favor- ably and recommended passage. Contains the purpose of the bill, legislative history, costs, various agency reports, appendix, and changes in existing law. (See Fisheries Legislation for hearings held on S, 978.) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PROGRAM: The Subcommittee on Oceanography of the House Commit- tee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries met in executive session on July 23, 1963, and ordered favorably reported to the full committee H. R. 6997, to develop and main- tain a long-range national program in oceanography. The House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fish- eries met in executive session on July 25, 1963, and ordered favorably reported to the House H. R. 6997. PACIFIC ISLANDS TRUST TERRITORY DEVELOP- MENT: On July 17, 1963, the House Committee on In- terior and Insular Affairs ordered reported favorably, amended, H. R. 3198, to promote the economic and social development of the Trust Territory of the Pa- cific Islands, and for other purposes. PACIFIC MARINE FISHERIES COMMISSION: The House on July 22, 1963, received a letter from the Chairman, Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission trans - mitting the 15th Annual Report of the Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission for the year 1962; referred to the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. PRICE-QUALITY STABILIZATION: The House on July 22, 1963, received the report (H. Rept. 566) on H. R. 3669, to amend the Federal Trade Commission Act, to promote quality and price stabilization, to de- fine and restrain certain unfair methods of distribution and to confirm, define, and equalize the rights of pro- ducers and resellers in the distribution of goods identi- fied by distinguishing brands, names, or trademarks, and for other purposes, with amendment; referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. RESEARCH PROGRAMS: H. Res. 455 (Elliott), H. Res. 456 (Smith), H. Res. 457 (Bolling), and H. Res. 458 Brown) introduced in House July 24, 1963, to create a select committee to investigate expenditures for re- search programs conducted by or sponsored by the de- partments and agencies of the Federal Government; referred to the Committee on Rules. RUSSIAN TRAFFIC IN UNITED STATES TERRITO- RIAL WATERS: The House Subcommittee for Specia Investigations of the Armed Services Committee held public hearings on July 9-10, 1963, on Russian trawler traffic in territorial waters of the U.S., particularly off the coast of Florida. 122 In his opening statement, Rep. Porter Hardy, Jr. (Va.) outlined the purpose of the hearings and stated: "The size of Russia's fishing fleet has been variously estimated at from 23,000 to 25,000 steam and diesel propelled vessels of modern design and capabilities. They are scattered around the world engaged perhaps partly in fishing, but perhaps also gathering scientific data and other intelligence of:military value. ... There is also reason to believe that many of the trawlers are commanded by Russian naval officers. According to the Soviet Minister for the fishing industry, Russia has hundreds of these fishing vessels in the North Atlan- tic... . The hearing which began July 9, 1963, will be concerned with a portion of these Russian ships which cruise our Atlantic coastline, particularly along the coast of Florida. Although Russian fishing vessels have been observed off the coast for the past three years, it was not until six or seven months ago that they were observed cruising southward close into the Florida shore--within the three-mile limit... .Do these vessels constitute a threat to our national secu- To help the Subcommittee find the answers to these and other questions which will be raised, we have asked the Navy, the Coast Guard, and the Department of State to give us the benefit of their knowledge." Testimony was given by various Federal agencies and public witnesses. Hearings were adjourned subject to call, STATE DEPARTMENT APPROPRIATIONS FY 1964: Departments of State, Justice, and Commerce, the Ju- di iciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations for 1964 (Hearings before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, 88th Con- gress, 1st Session), 1,639 pp., printed. Included in the appropriations for the State Department are funds for the international fisheries commissions in the amount of $2,053,000, an increase of $143,000 over the FY 1963 appropriations of $1,910,000, There are increases for the International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commis- sion, Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, In- ternational North Pacific Fisheries Commission, and Great Lakes Fishery Commission. There is a decrease of $160,950 for the International Pacific Halibut Com- mission, resulting from the completion of the 2-year survey of the halibut and groundfish resources in the Gulf of Alaska. There are also funds (the same as in 1963) for the International Whaling Commission, Inter- national Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fish- eries, and the North Pacific Fur Seal Commission. H. R. 7063 (Rooney) introduced in House June 14, 1963, making appropriations for the Departments of State, Justice, and Commerce, the Judiciary, and re- lated agencies for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1964, and for other purposes. The bill was favorably re- ported (H. Rept. 388) by the Committee on Appropria- tions on the Same date, Included in the appropriations for the Department of State are funds for the interna- tional fisheries commissions. H. Rept. £86. Department of State, Justice, and Com- merce, the Judiciary,and Related Agencies Appropria- tion Bill, Fiscal Year 1964 (June 14, 1963, ear oe the Committee on Appropriations, House of Represent- atives, 88th Congress, 1stSession), 45 pp., printed. The Committee recommended an appropriation of $1,910,000 for the international fisheries commissions, the same as the 1963 appropriation, but less than the budget es- timate of $2,053,000. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 STERN RAMP TRAWLERS: See Fisheries Legis- lation for hearing held on Ss. 744, SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS FY 1963: Sup- lemental Appropriation Bill, 1963 (Hearings before a Sisceeee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, 88th Congress, 1st Session), 779 pp., printed. Contains hearings held on proposed supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year 1963. Included are funds for the Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries in the sum of $672,000 needed to finance the de- velopment and perfection of commercial techniques for production of fish protein concentrate, and to cover pay increases. Also contains statements of various Federal agencies and others as submitted to the Committee, The bill H. R, 5517 was signed by the President May 17, 1963 (P. L. 88-25). The Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries received an appropriation of $658,400. TUNA FISHING VESSEL PROTECTION: H. R. 7602 (Wilson) introduced in House July 16, 1963, to amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to provide for a method of reimbursing owners of certain fishing ves- sels which are subjected to harassment by officials of countries of South and Central America; referred tothe Committee on Foreign Affairs. Describing the provisions of H. R. 7602, Represent- ative Wilson said, ''Specifically, it calls for the witn- holding each fiscal year, out of foreign aid funds for Central and South American countries, of $200,000 from each country which has at any time during the preceding fiscal year seized, inspected, detained, or re- quired the licensing of vessels of U.S. registry and en- gaged in fishing more than 3 nautical miles offshore, "The fund withholding would be waived for any coun- try which assures the President that it will not harass U.S. fishing boats by imposing the restrictions I have listed. "The owners of boats would be reimbursed for costs of detention by a foreign government. Coverage would include fines, inspection fees, port fees, license fees, and the costs of idling the vessel. Should the total pay- ments due U.S. fishermen from any one country's set- aside surpass $200,000, the Secretary of State wouldbe directed to pay the claims in full and report to Congress that the set-aside was inadequate... ."' VESSEL CONSTRUCTION SUBSIDY AMENDMENTS: Fishing Vessel Construction (Hearing before the Mer- Chant Marine and Fisheries Subcommittee of the Com- mittee on Commerce, U.S. Senate, 88th Congress, 1st Session), 108 pp., printed. Contains a hearing held May 7, 1963, on S, 1006, to amend the Act of June 12, 1960, for the correction of inequities in the construction of fishing vessels, and for other purposes. Would amend the law which provides a construction differential subsidy for fishing vessels by extending the life of the program from June 12, 1963, to June 30, 1972; by increasing the amount of the subsidy from a maximum of one-third to a maximum of one-half of the construction costs; and by broadening the scope of the law to permit participation by fisheries not eligible under the present law. Contained also is the text of the bill and Public Law 86-516; statements given by Govern- ment agencies, Congressmen, and industry people; re- ports from various Government agencies; and letters and correspondence received by the Committee. eR August 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 123 FISHERY INDICATORS CHART |. FISHERY LANDINGS for SELECTED STATES In Millions of Pounds MAINE, MASSACHUSETTS, AND RHODE ISLAND LEGEND: NEW JERSEY AND NEW YORK CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA . 1963 - 213.7 1962 - 22: 1963 - 98.7 5 1962 - 118.0 12 1962 - 552.0 SM JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC MARYLAND AND VIRGINIA CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA 5S MQS. 1963 - 121.6 S MgS. 1963 - 54.7 1962 - 120.1 . 1962 - 50.7 1962 - 539.6 12 1962 - 218.0 : JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC FLORIDA CUMULATIVE DATA SMgs. 1963 - 65.2 1962 - 63.3 1962 - 184.4 CUMULATIVE DATA i Mgs. 1963 - 306.7 1962 - 213.0 1962 - 1,218.1 0 a JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC Oe ON FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC CALIFORNIA 1/ CUMULATIVE DAT CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA 6 HgS. 1963 - 207.9 H Y : 4 mgs. 1963 - 4.4 962 - 236.7 4 te Teo enaN 12 1962 - 15.2 12) n1962) = S22 UAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC U/ONLY PARTIAL--INCLUDING PRODUCTION OF MAJOR FISHERIES AND MARKET FISH LANDINGS AT PRINCIPAL PORTS. 124 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 CHART 2 - LANDINGS for SELECTED FISHERIES In Millions of Pounds HADDOCK (Maine and Massachusetts) CUMULATIVE DATA OCEAN PERCH (Maine and Massachusetts) CUMULATIVE DATA 6 mgs. 1963 62.5 6 iP 1962 12 1962 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC SHRIMP (Gulf states"! including Florida West Coast) WHITING (Maine and Massachusetts) CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA Ss QS. 1963 - 45.7 6 M 1963 - 15.8 OY; 1962 - 33.5 6 ie 1962 18.6 12 1962 - 150.3 12" 1962 - 90.2 Paces JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC R_APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV. ‘DEC 1/LA. & ALA. DATA BASED ON LANDINGS AT PRINCIPAL PORTS AND 4RE NOT COM= PLETE. In Thousands of Tons JAN FEB MA PACIFIC AND JACK MACKEREL (California) MENHADEN (East and Gulf Coasts) CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA 6 HGS. 1963 - 29.1 6 , 1962 - 27.2 12 1962 - 69.2 6 MS. 1963 - 324.7 6 , 1962 - 417.7 12 1962 1,118.2 NO 7 PILCHARD (California) TUNA AND TUNALIKE FISH CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA 6 HGS. 1963 - 54.6 6 1962 - a 2/ 1962/63 SEASON, TOTAL - 1.6 12." 1962 - 144.0 1961/62 SEASON, TOTAL - 22.3 LEGEND: —— 1962/63 ——— 1961/62 JAN FEB AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC! JAN MAR_APR_MAY JUNE JULY MAR_APR_MAY_ JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 2/SEASON TOTAL, AUG. 1 auc. 1, 1961-FeB. 28 1962-FEB. 28, 1963. 3/SEASON TOTAL, 1962. August 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 125 CHART 3 - COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS and FREEZINGS of FISHERY PRODUCTS * In Millions of Pounds LEGEND: U.S, HOLDINGS U. S. FREEZINGS CUMULATIVE DATA 6 MQS. 1963 - 149.6 6 , 1962 - 140.3 12 1962 - 343.5 o JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC NEW ENGLAND HOLDINGS! MIDDLE & SOUTH ATLANTIC HOLDINGS?! JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 2/ALL EAST COAST STATES FROM N. Y. SOUTH. 3/ MIDDLE-WEST HOLDINGS= d GULF & SOUTH CENTRAL HOLDINGS JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC B/OHIO, IND., ILL., MICH., WIS., MINN., IOWA, HO., N. DAK., NEBR. & KANS. 4/ALA., MISS., LA., TEX., ARK., KY., & TENN, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND ALASKA HOLDINGS CALIFORNIA HOLDINGS 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC * Excludes salted, cured, and smoked products. 126 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 CHART 4 - RECEIPTS and COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS of FISHERY PRODUCTS at PRINCIPAL DISTRIBUTION CENTERS COLD-STORAGE HOLDInGs2! 1/ ¢ RECEIPTS —' AT WHOLESALE SALT-WATER MARKET (Fresh and Frozen) NEW YORK CUMULATIVE DATA CITY 6 MgS. 1963 - 86.8 6 |, 1962 - 86.4 12 1962 - 175.9 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC T/INCLUDE TRUCK AND RAIL IMPORTS FROM CANADA AND DIRECT VESSEL LANDINGS 2/AS REPORTED BY PLANTS IN METROPOLITAN AREA. AT NEW YORK CITY. RECEIPTS AT WHOLESALE MARKET (Fresh and Frozen) CHICAGO CUMULATIVE DATA COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS 6 MS. 1963 - 31.3 6 , 1962 - 36.6 12 1962 74.1 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC SEATTLE BOSTON WHOLESALE MARKET RECEIPTS, LANDINGS, COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS & IMPORTS (Fresh and Frozen) CUMULATIVE DATA 6 MQS. 1963 - 42.9 6 4 1962 - 36.3 12 1962 - 95.2 LEGEND: seeeeees 1963 1962 FISH MEAL (In Thousands of Tons) CUMULATIVE DATA 69.8 6 MQS. 1963 - ea 1962 1962 0 0 z JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC August 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 127 TUNA AND TUNALIKE FISH - CALIFORNIA CUMULATIVE DATA LEGEND: seaseeens 1963 es 1962 —_——— 1961 » 1963 - 4,021.2 ne 1962 - 5,784.5 1962 - 10,607.4 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC ANCHOVIES - CALIFORNIA CUMULATIVE DATA 6 MgS. 1963 - 25.1 6 Ho 1962 - 3.2 12 1962 - 16.4 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC SARDINES _/ CUMULATIVE DATA (Estimated) - MAINE 1962 SEASON, TOTAL - 2,144.4 1961 SEASON, TOTAL - 753.6 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC “‘T/ INCLUDING SEA HERRING. 2/ THE 1962 SEASON STARTED DEC. 2, 1967. SARDINES - CALIFORNIA y 1962/63 SEASON, TOTAL 1961/62 SEASON, TOTAL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC .JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY CHART 6- CANNED PACKS of SELECTED FISHERY PRODUCTS In Thousands of Standard Cases 6 MQS. 1963 - 6 os 1962 - MACKEREL = - CALIFORNIA CUMULATIVE DATA 12 1962 - 1,220.4 4 5/ 553.5 476.4 1383) 1962 - 3351 0 JAN FEB MAR Ra APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC Variety SARDINES.... PILCHARDS... SALMON..... ANCHOVIES.. No.Cans Designation Net Wet. ‘ 100 + drawn 32 oz. é 48 os 5 oz. : 48 #5 tuna 6&7 oz. 48 # 1 oval 15 oz. 5 48 1-lb, tall 16 oz. F 48 4-lb. STANDARD CASES LEGEND: ——_-1962/63 -—— 1961/62 280 1240 200 SHRIMP - GULF STATES CUMULATIVE DATA 1962/63 SEASON, AUG.-JUNE = 717.9 1961/62 SEASON, AUG.-JUNE - 471.4 1961/62 SEASON, TOTAL - 589.7 0 AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC —— JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY 3/ SEASON TOTAL, AUG. 1, 1962-FEB. 28, 1963. 4/ SEASON TOTAL, AUG. 1, 1961-FEB. 28, 1962, 128 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 CHART .7 - U.S. FISHERY PRODUCTS IMPORTS In Millions of Pounds FILLETS & STEAKS OTHER THAN GROUNDFISH Fresh and Frozen) CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA 6 mgs. 1963 - 98.5 Sa 6 MgS. 1963 Chet iaeal = 6 | 1962 12." 1962 - 22 12 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC SHRIMP FROM MEXICO (Fresh and Frozen) CUMULATIVE DATA + 1963 - 31.8 a 1962 - 34.1 1962 - 58.0 TAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC UANHE BEIM ARMABREMAYARONESUU Ca SUGES EEMMO TAN OVED ES 1/ TUNA— SEA HERRING, FRESH, THROUGH MAINE PORTS (Fresh and Frozen) CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA . 1963 - 117.8 3 MQS. 1963 - 3 1962 - 139.5 1962 1962 - 272.5 12 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY. JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV ‘DEC U. S. IMPORTS OF CANNED TUNA AND TUNALIKE FISH (in Oil and in Brine) CUMULATIVE DATA 6 MgS. 1963 - 25.4 QA 1962 28.0 12 1962 - 52.9 CUMULATIVE DATA JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC August 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 129 a ei vee Bae ee MHZ, om ee. FO aA a Al ee ae BH ITs 2? 8 te op commen: SoU bass Pees: FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE Sep. No. 680 - Mechanizing the Blue Crab Industry - PUBLICATIONS THESE PROCESSED PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE FREE FROM THE OFFICE OF INFORMATION, U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, WASHING- TON 25, D0. C. TYPES OF PUBLICATIONS ARE DESIGNATED AS” FOLLOWS: - CURRENT FISHERY STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES. - FISHERY LEAFLETS. SEP.- SEPARATES (REPRINTS) FROM COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW. SL - STATISTECAL LISTS OF DEALERS IN AND PRODUCERS OF FISH- ERY PRODUCTS AND BYPRODUCTS. Number Title CFS-3138 - New York Landings, 1962 Annual Sum- mary, 12 pp. CFS-3159 - North Carolina Landings, 1962 Annual Sum- mary, 8 pp. CFS-3180 - South Carolina Landings, 1962 Annual Sum- mary, 9 pp. CFS-3182 - Fish Meal and Oil, 1962 Annual Summary, 4 pp. CFS-3190 - Frozen Fishery Products, April 1963, 8 pp. CFS-3191 - Wisconsin Landings, 1962 Annual Sum- mary, 3 pp. CFS-3193 - Michigan Landings, February 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3194 - Maryland Landings, March 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3196 - Ohio Landings, March 1963, 2 pp. CFS-3197 - Shrimp Landings, October 1962, 8 pp. CFS-3198 - Virginia Landings, March 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3199 - New York Landings, March 1963, 4 pp. CFS-3201 - Mississippi Landings, March 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3202 - Wisconsin Landings, March 1963, 2 pp. CFS-3205 - Maine Landings, March 1963, 4 pp. C¥S-3206 - California Landings, March 1963, 4 pp. CFS-3208 - North Carolina Landings, April 1963, 4 pp. CFS-3210 - New Jersey Landings, March 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3215 - Florida Landings, April 1963, 8 pp. Wholesale Dealers in Fishery Products, 1962 (Revised): SL- 5 - Connecticut, I p. SL- 20 - Texas (Coastal Area), 7 pp. SL- 43 - Alabama (Mississippi River and Tributaries), lps SL- 45 - Mississippi (Mississippi River and Tribu- taries), 1 p. SL-151 - Firms Manufacturing Marine Animal Scrap, Part I- Survey of Processing Plants. Sep. No, 681 - Sea Scallop Industry of Canada. Sep. No. 682 - Development of the John N. Cobb Pelagic Trawl--A Progress Report. Biological Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, Fisher Res search (for the year ending June 30, 1962), Circu- lar 161, 105 pp., illus., 1962. Summarizes the re- search work carried out at the Galveston Biological Laboratory during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1962, Describes in detail research programs on the shrimp fishery, industrial fishery, estuaries, and physiology and behavior, Also includes special re- ports on chemicals toxic to the red-tide organism; marking spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus, and blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, with biological stains; small beam net for sampling postlarval shrimp; use of Atkins-type tags on shrimp; immersion staining of postlarval shrimp; a device for measuring live shrimp; and distribution of pink shrimp larvae and postlarvae, Distribution of Tunas in Oceanic Waters of the North- western Atlantic, by James L. Squire, Jr., Fishery Bulletin 211 (from Fishery Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service, vol. 62, pp. 323-341), 23 pp., illus., printed, 20 cents, 1962, Economic Review of the Great Lakes Commercial Fish- eries, 1940-1959, by Keith D. Brouillard, Circular 141, 20 pp., illus., 1963, Examines economic de- velopments in the Great Lakes commercial fisheries since 1940, The catch, principal types of gear, mar- keting, and recent developments in the fishery also are reviewed, Ina section on recommendations, the necessity for expanded research in fishing methods and marketing of the presently underutilized species is pointed out, consideration of fishermen's cooper- atives is suggested, use of available species in new products is discussed, and cooperation among all re- search agencies is indicated to be a requirement if the fishing industry is to expand and strengthen its economic position. Meal, Oil, Solubles, and Homogenized Con- THE FOLLOWING ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF A FOREIGN LANGUAGE AR- densed Fi i TICLE 1S AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE CALIFORNIA AREA OFFICE, U. S Bish oz (Revised). BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, 101 SEASIDE AVE. TERMINAL 1S- FL-547 - Bibliography of Publications of the Branch EAND) CALE of Technology (Author Index, 1961), by F. Bruce Sanford and Helen E. Plastino, 4 pp., April 1963. Experiments on the Green Meat of Tuna, Translation FL-548 - Living and Working Conditions on the Pribilof Series No. 6, 53 pp., illus., processed, May 1963. Islands, Alaska, by C. Howard Baltzo, 6 pp., illus., (Translated from the Japanese, Report of Research February 1963, Vessel ''Shoyo Maru,' 1960, May 1961. a 130 THE FOLLOWING ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE AR- TICLES ARE AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE FISHERIES BIOLOGICAL LABORA- U. S. BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, BOX 3830, HONOLULU, Biological Comparison between the Pacific Tunas. Part IN, by Tsuyoshi Kawasaki and Masahiro Asano, 10 pp., illus., processed, May 1963. (Translated from the Japanese, Bulletin of Tohoku Regional Fish- eries Research Laboratory, March 1962, No. 20, pp. 45-50.) Some Data on the Ichthyofauna of Pacific Ocean Flotsam, by L. N. Besednov, 7 pp., illus., processed, May 1963. (Translated from the Russian, Works of the Institute of Oceanology, vol. 41, 1960, pp. 192-197.) CiFIC OFFICE MENTIONED. Annual Report of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Beaufort, N.C, (For the Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1961), Circular 148, 41 pp., illus., 1963. (Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries, Biological Laboratory, Beaufort, N.C.) Pre- sents information on research programs conducted by the laboratory including blue crab, shad, men- haden, Atlantic Coast striped bass, and radiobiolog- ical programs. Also discusses laboratory person- nel participation in the Atlantic States Marine Fish- eries Commission, work conferences with other Federal agencies, and other topics. (Chicago) Monthly Summary of Chicago's Wholesale Market Fresh and Frozen Fishery Products Re- ceipts, Prices, and Trends, May 1963, 14 pp. (Mar- ket News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U. S. Customs House, 610 S, Canal St., Room 1014, Chicago 7, Ill.) Receipts at Chicago by species and by states and provinces for fresh- and salt-water fish and shellfish; and weekly wholesale prices for fresh and frozen fishery products; for the month in- dicated. Gulf of Mexico Monthly Landings, Production and Ship- ments of Fishery Products, March 1963, 8 pp. ( ket News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Room 609, 600 South St., New Orleans 12, La.) Gulf States shrimp, oyster, finfish, and blue crab land- ings; crab meat production; LCL express shipments from New Orleans; wholesale prices of fish and shellfish on the New Orleans French Market; fishery imports at Port Isabel and Brownsville, Texas, from Mexico; Gulf menhaden landings and production of meal, solubles, oil; and:sponge sales; for the month indicated, A Guide and Key to the Aquatic Plants of the Southeast- ern United States, by Don E. Eyles and J. Lynne Robertson, Jr., Circular 158, 155 pp., illus., printed, 1944, reprinted 1963, limited distribution. (Branch of Fishery Management Services, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice, Washington 25, D.C.) New England Fisheries~--Monthly Summary, May 1963, 21 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wild- life Service, 10 Commonwealth Pier, Boston 10, Mass.) Review of the principal New England fish- ery ports. Presents data on fishery landings by ports and species; industrial-fish landings and ex- vessel prices; imports; cold-storage stocks of fish- ery products in New England warehouses; fishery COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Mar- Vol. 25, No. 8 landings and ex-vessel prices for ports in Massa- chusetts (Boston, Gloucester, New Bedford, Province- town, and Woods Hole), Maine (Portland and Rock- land), Rhode Island (Point Judith), and Connecticut (Stonington); frozen fishery products prices to pri- mary wholesalers at Boston, Gloucester, and New Bedford; and Boston Fish Pier and Atlantic Avenue fishery landings and ex-vessel prices by species; for the month indicated, New York City's Wholesale Fishery Trade--Monthl Summary--April 1963, 16 pp. (Market Newsterge ice, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 155 John St., New York 38, N. Y.) Includes summaries and analy- ses of receipts and prices on wholesale Fulton Fish Market, including both the salt- and fresh-water sections; imports entered at New York customs dis- trict; primary wholesalers! selling prices for fresh, frozen, and selected canned fishery products; mar- keting trends; and landings at Fulton Fish Market docks and Stonington, Conn,; for the month indicated, (Seattle) Washington and Alaska Receipts and Landings of Fishery Products for Selecte reas and Fish- eries, Monthly Summary, May 1963, 9 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 706 Federal Office Bldg., 909 First Ave., Seattle 4, Wash.) Includes Seattle's landings by the halibut and salmon fleets reported through the exchanges; land- ings of halibut reported by the International Pacific Halibut Commission; landings of otter-trawl ves- sels as reported by the Fishermen's Marketing As- sociation of Washington; local landings by independ- ent vessels; coastwise shipments from Alaska by scheduled and non-scheduled shipping lines and air- ways; imports from British Columbia via rail, mo- tor truck, shipping lines, and ex-vessel landings; and imports from other countries through Washing- ton Customs District; for the month indicated. MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILD- ISSUING THEM, CORRESPONDENCE REGARDING PUBLICATIONS THAT FOLLOW SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO THE RESPECTIVE ORGANIZATION OR PUBLISHER MENTIONED. DATA ON PRICES, IF READILY AVAILABLE, ARE SHOWN. ALABAMA: "Commercial and Sport Fishing on Guntersville Lake during the Period of March 15-June 13, 1960," by C. E, White Jr.,and Ben Jaco, article, Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Conference, Sonne Se sociation of Game and Fish Commissioners, pp. 411- 419. Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners, Columbia, S.C,, 1961. "An Evaluation of Prestocking Checks Conducted by Fishery Biologists in Alabama Ponds,"' by H. D. Kelly, article, Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Confer- ence, Southeastern Association of Game and Fish — Commissioners, pp. 186-193, printed. Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners, Co- lumbia, 8. C., 1961. ALASKA: "A Study of the Downstream Migrations of Anadromous Fishes in the Taku River, Alaska," by William R. Meehan and Donald B. Siniff, article, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 91, no, 4, August 1963 OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. 1962, pp. 399-407, printed, Secretary, American Fisheries Society, P.O. Box 483, McLean, Va. BACTERIOLOGY: Marine Microbiology (Deep Sea), by A. E. Kriss, 554 pp., printed, 126s. (about US$17.65). Oliver and Boyd Ltd., 98 Gr. Russell St., London WC1, England, 1963. BATHYSCAPH: "The Bathyscaph as an Acoustic Vehicle," by Don Walsh, article, Naval Research Reviews, April 1962, pp. 14-18, illus., processed, single copy 15 cents. Office of Naval Research, Washington, D. C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.) Discusses how the ''Model T"' of the deep submersi- bles is being relied upon to carry on an ambitious scientific program, ''The bathyscaph Trieste has now been in operation with the U.S. Navy for more than 33 years. During that time this unique Bureau of Ships-Office of Naval Research-sponsored craft has proved the value of the manned deep submersi- ble inoceanographic exploration. It is the purpose of this short discussion to outline past, present, and future acoustic programs for the craft and also to suggest some lines of interest that could be pur- sued,'' states the author. BIBLIOGRA PHIES: Bibliography of Oceanographic Publications, by Mark W. Pangborn, Jr., 23 pp., printed. Interagency Com- mittee on Oceanography, Room 1714, Bldg, T-3, 17th St., and Constitution Ave. NW., Washington 25, D.C., 1963. BRAZIL: Brazil's Licensing and Exchange Controls, OBR-63- , 12 pp., printed 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Wash- ington, D. C., January 1963. (For sale by the Super- intendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.) Discusses the import and export controls of Brazil, and United States im- port and export controls, Sudene, Boletim de Estudos de Pesca, vol. 2, no, 8, August 1962, I7 pp., processed in Portuguese. De- partamento de Estudos Especiais, Division de Pesca, Superintendencia do Desenvolvimento do Nordeste, Edificio Juscelino Kubitschek, 12° Andar, Recife, Brazil, Includes, among others, these articles: "Analise das Variacoes Estacionais da Producao de Lagosta na Paraiba'' (Analysis at Various Stations of Spiny Lobster Production in Paraiba), by J. C. de Moura; ''III Reuniao Nacional de Pesquisas sobre a Pesca Maritima"' (Third National Meeting of Fish- ery Experts on the Marine Fishery), by J. C. de Moura; ''Constituicao da Pescas do Nordeste S/A" (Constitution of Fishermen's Society of Northeast- ern Brazil); ‘Segunda Operacao de Pesca de Logosta do 'Presidente Kubitschek '"' (Second Exploratory Spiny Lobster Cruise of the Presidente Kubitschek), by J.C. de Moura; and "Estudos da Biologia da Pesca de Lagostas'' (Biological Studies in the Spiny Lobster Fishery), Sudene, Boletim de Estudos de Pesca, vol. 3, no. 2, guese., Departamento de Estudos Especiais, Divi- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 131 sao de Pesca, Superintendencia do Desenvolvimento do Nordeste, Edificio Juscelino Kubitschek, 12 Andar, Recife, Brazil. Includes, among others, these articles: ''Pescarias de Corso Multiplo com Pequenas Embarcacoes" (Fishing with Multiple Troll Lines on Small Vessels); ''Tentativas dos Lagosteiros Franceses no Nordeste" (Efforts of the French Spiny Lobster Vessels in Northeast Brazil Waters); and 'Pescarias de Atuns e Especies Afins em Aguas Costeiras" (Fishing for Tuna and Species Found -in Coastal Waters), by J. Bonifacio Fcnseca. Sudene, Boletim de Estudos de Pesca, vol. 3, no. 3, ~ March 1963, 26 pp., illus., processed in Portuguese. Departamento de Estudos Especiais, Divisao de Pesca, Superintendencia do Desenvolvimento do Nor- deste, Edificio Juscelino Kubitschek, 12° Andar, Recife, Brazil. Contains, among others, articles on: "Experiencia com Rede de Espera em Pescarias de Lagosta"’ (Experiment with a Tangle Net in Fishing for Spiny Lobster), by Soloncy J. C. de Moura; and "A Pesca no Territorio de Fernando de Noronha" (The Fishery in the Waters of the Territory of Fer- nando de Noronha), Sudene, Boletim de Estudos de Pesca, vol. 3, no. 4, April 1963, 26 pp., processed in Portuguese. Depart- amento de Estudos Especiais, Divisao de Pesca, Su- perintendencia do Desenvolvimento do Nordeste, Edificio Juscelino Kubitschek, 129 Andar, Recife, Brazil. Contains, among others, articles on: ''Ex- perimentos de Cultura Racional de Ostras"' (Experi- ments with the Practical Culturing of Oysters); "Grupo de Trabalho para Desenvolvimento da Pesca" (Work Group for Fishery Development); and ''Regu- lamento da Superintendencia do Desenvolvimento da Pesca" (Regulation for the Administration of Fishery Development). CALIFORNIA: California Fish and Game, vol. 49, no. 2, April 1963, 64 pp., illus., printed, single copy 75 cents. Califor - nia Department of Fish and Game, Printing Division, Documents Section, Sacramento 14, Calif. Includes, among others, these articles: "An Evaluationof Five Tag Types Used ina Striped Bass Mortality Rate and Migration Study,'' by Harold K, Chadwick; and "Commercial Freshwater Fisheries of California," by Sterling P. Davis. CAMBODIA: Import Tariff System of Cambodia, OBR-63-48, 2 pp., printed, 15 cents. Bureau of International Com- merce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., February 1963. (For sale by the Superintend- ent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.) Presents information onunits of currency, weights, and measures; tariff structure; method of payment of duty, sales and other internal taxes; trade restrictions; other special regulations; and related subjects. CANADA: "Canada's Fisheries Markets in 1962," by T. R. Kin- sella, article, Foreign Trade, vol. 119, no. 9, May 4, 1963, pp. 2-8, illus., printed, single copy 25 Canadi- an cents. Queen's Printer, Government Printing Bureau, Ottawa, Canada. In 1962, the Canadian fish- eries landed 1,98 billion pounds of ocean fish worth C$114,4 million, 16 percent above the 1961 value; 132 had an Atlantic coast catch worth $67.6 million (up nearly $7 million) and a Pacific Coast catch worth $46.8 million; exported fisheries products worth $156.6 million, an all-time record, to 88 countries; imported fisheries products worth $19.6 million in first 11 months, with shrimp in the lead; made record sales of fresh and frozen fish worth $103.1 million, with most going to the United States; sold abroad a large quantity of canned fish worth $19.3 million as a result of large packs of pink salmon and sardines; and marketed $12.7 million worth of fresh and frozen lobster in foreign countries, par- ticularly the United States, according to the author. "The Canadian Cod Fishery and The World Market," by Mary Hatheway, article, Trade News, vol. 15, no. 10-11, April-May 1963, pp. 7-9, processed. Infor- mation and Consumer Service, Department of Fish- eries, Ottawa, Canada. Discusses Canadian fishery products exports; trade with the United States; the 1962 catch of Atlantic groundfish--963 million pounds, including 586 million pounds of cod; the function of the International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries (ICNAF); and econom- ic trends in the Newfoundland cod fishery. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol, 20, no, 2, March 1963, 335 pp., illus., printed, single copy C$1.50. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. Includes, among others, these articles: ''Big Effects from Small Causes: Two Examples from Fish Population Dy- namics,'' by W. E. Ricker; "Growth and Mortality of Whitefish in Three Unexploited Lakes in Northern Canada," by W. A. Kennedy; ''Summer Food of Lake Whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis Mitchill, from Heming Lake, Manitoba,” by N. H. F. Watson; ''Some Aspects of Olfactory and Visual Responses in Pa- cific Salmon," by J. R. Brett and C. Groot; 'Move- ments, Growth, and Survival of Marked and Tagged Lobsters Liberated in Egmont Bay, Prince Edward Island,'' by D. G. Wilder; ''The Movement of Tagged Great Slave Lake Fish," by J.J. Keleher; and "In- fluence of Pond Formation on Brook Trout Move- ments and Angling Success,'' by M. W. Smith. CARP: Let's Go Carp Fishing, by W.R. Long, Information Leaflet, 8 pp., processed. Region III, Texas Game and Fish Commission, 530 Beckham St., Tyler, Tex. Discusses lakes and sluggish streams where carp are found; kinds of bait and tackle to use; and meth- ods of storing, cleaning, and cooking. CATFISH: "Observations on the Food Habits of the Flathead and Blue Catfish in Alabama,' by Bradford E, Brown and J.S. Dendy, article, Proceedings of the Fif- teenth Annual Conference Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners, pp. 219-222. Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Com- missioners, Columbia, S.C., 1961, CEYLON: Basic Data on the Economy of Ceylon, OBR-63-90, 29 pp., printed, 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washing- ton, D.C., April 1963. (For sale by the Superintend- ent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 Washington 25, D. C.) Discusses, among other items related to the economy of Ceylon, the fishing industry which has been furnished substantial foreign assistance and expert advice on the development of its fishery resources. Data on production, consump- tion, and number of persons engaged in Ceylon's fishing industry are included. COD: "Ta peche a la morue au Canada" (The Cod Fishery in Canada), by T.H. Turner, article, La Peche Mari- time, vol. 43, no, 1021, April 1963, pp. 243-247, illus., printed in French, single copy 11 NF (about US$2.25). Les Editions Maritimes, 190 Boulevard Haussmann, Paris, France. "Transatlantic Journey of a Tagged Cod," by J. A. Gulland and G. R. Williamson, article, Nature, vol. 195, no. 4844, 1962, p. 921, printed. St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Ave., New York 10, N.Y. CONGO REPUBLIC: Import Tariff System of the Republic of the Congo (Leopoldville), OBR-63-82, 2 pp., printed, 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C., March1963. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.) Pre- sents information on units of currency, weights, and measures; bases of specific and ad valorem duties; customs surtaxes and internal taxes; shipping docu- ments and fees; and trade restrictions. CRABS: The Glaucothoe Stage of DARDANUS VENOSUS (H. Milne-Edwards) (iccasoda: Anomura), by Anthony J. Provenzano, Jr., Contribution No. 443, 12 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, vol. 13, no. I. March 1963, pp. 11-22.) The Marine Laboratory, University of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. CZECHOSLOVAKIA: "Ichtyofauna tokov juznych svahov Vihorlatu a Blatskej niziny"’ (Ichthyofauna of the Southern Slopes of Vi- horlat and of the Blatska Lowland), by Juraj Holcik and Vitazoslav Misik, article, Biologia, vol, XVII, no. 6, 1962, pp. 422-439, illus., printe in Slovenian with Russian, German, and English abstracts. Vydava Vydavatel'stvo Slovenskej Akademie Vied, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia. DENMARK: Economic Developments in Denmark, 1962, OBR-63- 58, 8 pp., printed, 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., March 1963. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.) Contains, in addition to infor- mation on foreign trade and investment, a brief re- port on the Danish fishing industry in 1962. Fiskeriunderso elser i 1962 ved Danmark, Faeroerne aS Gronland (Fisheries Research in 1962 in Denmark, the Faroese, and Greenland), by E. Bertelsen and Paul M. Hansen, Skrifter fra Danmarks Fiskeri-og Havundersogelser Nr. 23, 114 pp., illus., printed in August 1963 Danish, Kr. 9.75 (about US$1.45), 1 Kommission Hos Andr. fr. Host & Son, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1963, Annual report of the biological research con- ducted by the staffs of the Danish Ministry of Fish- eries and the Ministry for Greenland during 1962, The section on Denmark and the Faroese covers (1) Inner Danish Waters--plaice and cod fisheries in Bagenkop, Norway lobsters in the Skagerrak and the Kattegat, fishing eels with an air-bubble curtain; (2) The North Sea and the Skagerrak--sole popula- tion in the North Sea, turbot fishery potential in the North Sea, Danish and foreign plaice fisheries inthe North Sea, features of the whiting's life history, the tide and the sand eel fishery, influence of stormson the blue mussel culture grounds; (3) Faroese and Northern Ocean Areas--coalfish at the Faroese; (4) Salmon and Fresh Water Fisheries--judgments for polluting fishing waters, 1955/1962, the Danish salm- on fishery in the Baltic Sea, 1961/1962 season; and (5) Physiological and Other Experimental Research. The section on Greenland covers sharks in Green- land waters, and fishery research in the Umanak district in the summer of 1962, --A.W. Anderson ECOLOGY: "Ecological History of Lake Pontchartrain, An Es- tuarine Community," by Rezneat M. Darnell, arti- cle, The American Midland Naturalist, vol. 68, no, 2, 1962, pp. 434-444 printed. American Midland Na- turalist, University of Norte Dame, Notre Dame, Ind. ELECTRICAL FISHING: "Consideraciones sobre la Pesca por Medio de la Electricidad (Considerations on Electrical Fishing),"' by R. Kleist, article, Puntal vol. 9, no. 102, Septem- ber 1962, pp. 16-19, illus., printed in Spanish. Pun- tal, Apartado 316, Alicante, Spain. "The Efficiency of a Direct Current Electric Fishing Method in Trout Streams," by J.S, Alabaster and ogy, vol. 31, no, 2, 1962, pp. 385-388, printed. Blackwell Scientific Publications, 24 Broad St., Oxford, England. EVOLUTION: "Biologist Explains Evolution of Fishes," by Barry O. Freeman, article, Mississippi Game and Fish, vol, 24, no. 16, March-April Toeh, p. 13, printed. Mis- sissippi Game and Fish Commission, Jackson, Miss. FARM PONDS: Farm Ponds in Douglas County, Kansas, and Their Use in Fish- Production, by tiaude E. Hastings and Frank B. Cross, Miscellaneous Publication No. 29, 21 pp., printed. Museum of Natural History, Uni- versity of Kansas, Lawrence, Kans., 1962. FIJI ISLANDS: Import Tariff System of the Fiji Islands, OBR-63-39, 2 pp., printed, 15 celta Hires of International Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Wash- ington, D,C., March 1963. (For sale by the Super- intendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.) Presents information on units of currency, weights, and measures; bases of specific and ad valorem duties; method of pay- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 133 ment of duty; sales and other internal taxes; consu- lar documents and fees; trade restrictions; other special regulations; and related subjects. FISH BEHAVIOR: "The Fright Reaction of Fish,'' by Wolfgang Pfeiffer, article, Biological Reviews, vol, 37, no, 4, 1962, pp. 495-511, printed. Cambridge University Press, 200 Euston Rd,, London NW1, England, FISH ERADICANT: "Toxaphene as a Fish Eradicant in Florida,'' by Mel- vin T. Huish, article, Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Conference, Southeastern Association of _ Game and Fish Commissioners, pp. 200-205, printed, Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners, Columbia, $.C., 1961. FISHING GEAR: "Les Engins de Peche, Les Nasses et Casiers (Fish- ing Gear, Traps and Lobster-Pots),"' by A. Percier, article, France Peche, no, 66, October 1962, pp.41- 44, illus., printed in French. France Peche, Boite Postale 179, Lorient, France. FISHING WITH LIGHTS: "La Peche a la Lumiere, Peut-Elle Interesser un Jour Tous les Ports Francais (Fishing with Lights, Could it be of Interest in the future to all the French Fishing Ports) ?'' by Robert Lenier, article, France Peche, no. 67, November 1962, pp. 19-22, 24, illus., printed in French, France Peche, Boite Postale 179, Lorient, France. FISH MEAL: Nutrient Composition and Evaluation of British Co- Tumbia Whole Herring Meal, by B.E. March, J. Biely and H. L. A. Tarr, 10 pp., printed. (Reprinted from Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 20, no. I, 1963, pp. 229-238.) Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada, FISH MUSCLE: Apparatus for Measuring the Energy Input in Cutting Fibers of Fish Muscle, by Hans Buttkus, 6 pp., illus., printed, (Reprinted from Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 20, no. 1, pp: 181-186.) Queen's Printer and Controller of Station- ery, Ottawa, Canada, The Bound Nucleotides of Freshly Frozen and Severe- Ty Denatured Frozen Lingcod Muscle, by Neil Tom- tingcn and 5. E. Geiger, 8 pp., printed, (Reprinted from Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 20, no, I, 1963, pp. 187-194.) Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada, Red and White Muscle of Fish in Relation to Rigor “WMortis, by Hans Buttkus, I7 pp., illus., printed. (Re- printed from Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 20, no. I, 1963, pp. 45-58.) Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Otta- wa, Canada. FISH POISONS: Haptenic Prope of Paralytic Shellfish Poison, by J. &. Campbell, Quarterly Progress Report no, 8 (April 1-June 30, 1962), 18 pp., illus., printed. Ro- bert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Cincin- nati, Ohio, June 30, 1962, 134 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW FISH PONDS: "Results of a Six-Year Investigation of Chemical Soil and Water Analysis and Lime Treatment in Georgia Fish Ponds," by Willard W. Thomaston and Howard D, Zeller, article, Proceedings of the Fifteenth An- nual Conference, Southeastern Association of Game Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Com- missioners, Columbia, $.C., 1961. FISH POPULATIONS: Certain of the Laws Governing the Effect of Fishing Operations on the Structure of Populations and the ace Cc haracteristics of Fish Belonging to Com - mercially Exploited Stocks, by G. V. Nikolskii, 21 ~ pp., processed. (Translated from the Russian, Trudy Soveshchanii, Ikht. Kom., vol, 13, 1961, pp. 21-33.) Fisheries Laboratory, Ministry of Agricul- ture, Fisheries and Food, Lowestoft, Suffolk, Eng- land, 1962. "The Effect of Black Bullhead Catfish and Bluegill Re- movals on the Fish Population of a Small Lake,"' by Alfred Houser and Bob Grinstead, article, Proceed- ings of the Fifteenth Annual Conference, Southeast- ern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners, pp. 193-200, printed. Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners, Columbia, S.C., 1961. The Laws Governing the Dynamics of Fish Popula- tions, by T. F. Dementieva and others, 20 pp., proc- essed. (Translated from the Russian, Trudy Sove- shchanii, Ikht. Kom., vol, 13, 1961, pp. 7-20.) Fish- eries Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Fish- eries and Food, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England, 1962. "The Natural Regulation of Population in the Salmoni- dae,'' by K. Radway Allen, article, New Zealand Sci- ence Review, vol. 20, no. 3, 1962, pp. 58-62, printed. New Zealand Association of Scientists, Box 1874, Wellington, New Zealand. FLORIDA: The Ecology of Northern Florida Bay and Adjacent Estuaries, by Durbin C. Tabb and others, Technical Series No. 39, 81 pp., illus., printed. Florida State Board of Conservation, W.V. Knott Bldg., Tallahas- see, Fla., November 1962. MECOLIOTIA, a Gastropod Genus New to Florida, by ore, Contribution No, 452, 4 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, vol. 13, no. I, March Donald R. Moore, 1963, pp. 73-76.) The Marine Laboratory, Univer- sity of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla, A New Species of LYSIOSQUILLA (Crustacea, Stoma- topoda) from the Northern Straits of Florida, by Raymond B. Manning, Contribution No. 445, 4 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, vol. 13, no. T, University of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. FLUKE: "The Fluke Population of Great South Bay in Rela- tion to the Sport Fishery," by John C, Poole, arti- Vol. 25, No. 8 1962, pp. 94-117, printed. New York Conservation Department, Albany, N.Y. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION: Considerations on Fishery Oceanography, by Z, Po- povici, FAO Fisheries Biology Technical Paper No. 29, 11 pp., processed, limited distribution. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, Jan- uary 1963. An International Service for Retrieving Aquatic Sci- “ence Literature, by S.B. Saila, J.S. OfConnor, and R.A. Shappy, FAO Fisheries Biology Technical Paper No, 28, 9 pp., processed, limited distribution. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Na- tions, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, November 1962. Proceedings of the World Scientific Meeting on the Biology of Tunas and Related Species (Meeting held in La Jolla, Calif., July 2-14, 1562). edited by H. Rosa, Jr., FAO Fisheries Reports No, 6, vol, 1, 104 pp., processed. Food and Agriculture Organiza- tion of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, 1963. This volume is the revised version of the Draft Report, which was dis- tributed to the participants and to the contributors to the World Meeting on the Biology of Tunas and Related Species. It covers the organization, objec- tives, and general results of the meeting; resolu- tions; and section and working group reports. The objectives of the meeting were: (1) to bring togeth- er participants from governments and private in- stitutions engaged in studying the identity, distri- bution, behavior and potential yields of stocks of tunas, bonitos, and related species; and (2) to re- view and appraise (a) the development of tuna fish- eries and their current commercial exploitation; (b) identity, distribution, behavior and potential yields of tuna stocks; (c) specific problems and out- look for future international cooperation in coordi- nating methods and programs of research; and (d) means whereby such international action could be made possible. Rapport sur la Sardinelle (SARDINELLA AURITA Valenciennes, Atlantique africain) (Synopsis on the Biology of the Sardine, Sardinella aurita Va- lenciennes, African Atlantic), by E. Postel, FAO Fisheries Biology Synopsis No. 6, 46 pp., illus., processed in French, limited distribution. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, 1960. Synopsis of Biological Data on Anchovy ENGRAULIS ENCRASICOLUS (Linnaeus) 1758 (Weditencaniean and Adjacent Seas), by N. Demir, FAO Fisheries Biology Synopsis No. 26, 44 pp., illus., processed, limited distribution. Foodand Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, January 1963. Synopsis of Biological Data on Hilsa HILSA ILISHA (Harn ton) , by 8. R. Pillayand H. Rosa, Jr., FAO Fisheries Biology Synopsis No. 25, 70 pp., illus., processed, limited distribution. Food and Agricul- ture Organization ofthe United Nations, Viale delle Terme diCaracalla, Rome, Italy, January 1963. August 1963 Synopsis of Biological Data on Sprat SPRATTUS SPRATTUS (Linnaeus) 1758 (Mediterranean and Adjacent Seas), by M. Demir, FAO Fisheries Biol- ogy Synopsis No. 27, 40 pp., illus., processed, lim- ited distribution. Food and Argiculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, February 1963. FOOD PRESERVATION: The Technology of Food Preservation, by Norman W. ~Desrosier, ta pp., illus., printed, domestic $9.50, foreign $10.50, The Avi Publishing Co., Inc., P.O. Box 388, Westport, Conn., 1963. This isa timely book in view of the World Food Congress which was held in Washington, D.C., inJune 1963. Althoughthe theme of the Congress was ''anattackon the citadels of hun- ger and malnutrition,"' it was evident that getting food to certain areas of the world involves the use of different types of preservation methods. Only the surface has been scratched in using preserva - tion methods in order to more widely distribute the world's food supply. Application of present infor- mation on preservation of food could go far in re- ducing the number of hungry people in the world. The fundamental principles of food preservationare presented in this book. Included are the principles for the use of refrigeration, canning, drying and de- hydrating, salting, fermentation, pickling, chemical additives, and radiation. Also, Chapter 1, "Intro- duction to Food Technology," is an excellent sum- mary of some of the general knowledge on food preservation. Very timely is the author's state- ment: ''With perhaps only ten percent of the world's population currently consuming preserved foods regularly as important components in diets, the potential for growth of the food preservation indus- try is enormous, and this growth is clearly recog- nized at this time. It is urgently needed."' '"Ac- ceptable Food to Eat,'' Chapter 2, explores quite adequately the factors at play in describing good food from a sensual, nutritional, and public health standpoint. That the book is up to date is quite evi- dent from the last chapter, "Preservation of Food ''--it summarizes the fundamentals for radi- ation processing of foods. Fish and shellfish are mentioned in several places throughout the book, but not in the detail that those products merit in view of their perishability. The suggested reading lists at the end of each chapter are good; at the end of the book is a list of journals covering the topical areas of the text; and there is an adequate index. In general, this reviewer believes there should have been more on fishery products. However, this book will be of value to producers, processors, dis- tributors, retailers, researchers, food technolo- gists, home economists, and students. ~ -Joseph Pileggi FOOD PROCESSING: Food Processing Operations--Their Management, Machines, Materials, and Methods, vol. I, by Maynard 7NG Joslyn and J. L. Heid, 658 pp., illus., printed, domestic $19.75, foreign $20.75 The Avi Publishing Co., Inc., P.O. Box 388, Westport, Conn., 1963. This is one of a contemplated series of books which summarizes the numerous factors in- volved in successful food-processing operations - - from the source of raw materials to the saleg out- let. As the title indicates, this book discusses COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 135 management, machines, materials, and methods. Divided into three sections, the first section covers line and staff organization, functions, and techniques. Among the subjects covered in this section are pro- duction management techniques; industrial engineer- ing; cost accounting techniques; bank financing; quality control (objectives, organization, methods, and equipment); statistical quality control; pack statistics as a tool of management; plant safety; and research and development. Facilities, utilities, and sanitation are examined in the second section. In addition to a chapter on food plant sanitation, the section discusses the use of electricity, water, steam, and refrigeration in food processing. There is even a chapter on radiation processing. The third section discusses raw materials--production, harvesting, receiving, and preparing. One chapter deals with commercial fishery methods, and included is a dis- cussion of the major food fisheries, fishing gear and methods, and handling and preserving the catch. Another chapter deals specifically with the process - ing of seafoods, and examines handling of fresh and frozen fish, preparation of precooked frozen prod- ucts, canning, curing, and shellfish. The objectives, as stated by the authors, in assembling the informa- tion included in the book are to: (1) furnish general management with a gage for sound evaluations and decisions by technical personnel; (2) furnish stu- dents and supervisors with a general knowledge of food-processing techniques, and provide a guide to detailed information on specific subjects; (3) pro- mote coordination and cooperation of all facets of supervision in food-processing operations, The subjects covered are presented by individuals with established experience and skill, Each chapter con- tains a selected and adequate bibliography, The book has a very good index. - -Joseph Pileggi FOREIGN POLICY: The Department of State Bulletin, vol, XLVIII, no. ~1244, April 29, 1963, 40 pp., printed, single copy 25 cents, Office of Media Services, Bureau of Public Affairs, U.S. Department of State, Washington, D.C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.) Includes, among others, articles on: ''The United States and Southeast Asia," by U. Alexis Johnson; "Readjusting United States Foreign Trade," by Leonard Weiss; and ''The Foreign Aid Program,'' by Dean Rusk. FRANCE: "Bref Coup d'oeil sur la Production de l'industrie des Peches en 1962"' (A Brief Glance at the Fisheries Industries Production in 1962), by L. Caroual, arti- cle, La Peche Maritime, vol, 42, no, 1021, April 1963, p. 226, printed in French, single copy 11 NF (about US$2.25). Les Editions Maritimes, 190 Boulevard Haussmann, Paris, France. "Ta Consommation en France des Produits de la Mer" (French Consumption of Marine Products), article, Marches du Poisson (Fish Markets), vol. 1, no. 1, September 1962, pp. 15-18, illus., printed in French, annual subscription rate (11 issues) outside France 32 NF (about US$6.50). Marches du Poisson, Boite Postale No, 180,\Lorient, France. This article is 136 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 included among many others in the first issue of a new periodical devoted to the French fishing industry. "Tie 'New Deal!’ de la Peche Francaise" (The ''New Deal'' in the French Fisheries), article, La Peche Maritime, vol. 42, no, 1021, April 1963, pp. 217-225, illus., printed in French, single copy 11 NF (about US$2.25). Les Editions Maritimes, 190 Boulevard Haussmann, Paris, France. FREEZE-DRYING: "Freeze-Drying Ready for Rapid Dollar Growth," ar- ticle, The Farm Index, vol. 1, no. 2, November 1962, pp. 11-12, illus., printed, single copy 20 cents, Ec- onomic Research Service, U.S. Department of Ag- riculture, Washington, D.C. (For sale by the Su- perintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Print- ing Office, Washington 25, D.C.) 'Freeze-drying, today's infant in food processing, is expected to be a one-half to one billion-dollar-a-year operation by 1970,'' states the author. Among the freeze-dried products now on the market are crab meat and shrimp. Among foods with a market potential for freeze-drying are fish cakes and fish sticks. FREEZERSHIP: The Conversion of the Side Trawler NARFIto Freeze “Whole Fish, 2 pp., processed. J. &E. Hall Limited, Dartford, Kent, England, May 21, 1963. FRESHNESS OF FISH: Ein neuse elektronisches Schnellverfahren zur Er- “mittlung der Frische von Seefischen (A New Elec- tronic Method of Determining the Freshness of Salt- Water Fish), by Chr. Hennings, 17 pp., illus., printed in German, (Reprinted from Zeitschrift fur Lebnsmittel-Untersuchung und-Forschung, vol. 119, no. 6, 1963, pp. 461-477.) Institut fur Fischverar- beitung der Bundesforschungsanstalt fur Fischerei, Hamburg, German Federal Republic, Fish Tester V, 11 pp., illus., printed. Intelectron International Electronics GMBH& Co., P.O. Box 12101, Hamburg-Lokstedt 1, German Federal Re- public, Describes a fish freshness tester which was developed especially to enable the layman on board a trawler, in the fish market, and in the fish trade to determine the freshness of edible fish quickly and objectively without the fish being damaged or affected in any way. With its help, it is immediately possible (1) to check on board a trawler at any time the condition of the catch on ice, so that it can be decided whether to continue fishing or return to port; (2) to sort out the landed catch in the fish mar- ket according to quality; (3) to check and ensure the uniformity of quality in the auction boxes; (4) for the fish trade to check the goods acquired by itas to quality and storage possibilities, so that arrange- ments for the most economic transportation can be made; (5) for the fishing industry to sort out its raw material for definite manufacturing purposes, and to guarantee minimum qualities for deep-frozen fillets; and (6) for scientific research to study toa greater extent and more easily than before the in- fluences affecting quality, and to check the efficiency of measures taken to maintain the quality. FRESH-WATER FISH: Freshwater Fishes of the World, by Gunther Sterba (translated andrevised by Denys W. Tucker), 878 pp., 192 plates, illus., printed, 70s. (US$9.80). Vista Books, Longacre Press, Ltd., London, England, 1962. Provides basic data on the identification and aquar- ium biology of some 1,300 species of fresh-water fish. This book was written for the serious aquar- ist, but since behavior investigations are becom- ing increasingly prominent in the ichthyological literature it is of value also to the zoologist. GEAR: "Evaluation of Effect of Trotline Use on the Potomac River Fishery," by Albert E. Sanderson, Jr., arti- cle, Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Conference, Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Com- missioners, pp. 314-319, printed. Southeastern As- sociation of Game and Fish Commissioners, Colum- joni, Sh (C5) USO ile "The Selectivity and Effectiveness of Bait and Snag Lines Fished in the TVA Lakes of Alabama," by C. E. White, Jr., article, Proceedings of the Fif- teenth Annual Conference, Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners, pp. 399-367, printed. Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners, Columbia, S.C., 1961. GENERAL: "Fisheries in the Year 2000," by J. L. Kask, article, Canadian Fisherman, vol. 50, no, 6, June 1963, pp. 42-45, illus., printed, single copy C$3. National Business Publications Limited, Gardenvale, Quebec, Canada. Canada's top fisheries scientist takes a realistic look at the future and makes some predic- tions which raise the question--where will the Ca- nadian fishing industry, at its present rate of prog- ress, fit into such a future ? Fishing News International, vol. 2, no. 2, April-June 1963, 136 pp., illus., printed, single copy 6s. 6d. (about 95 U.S, cents). Arthur J. Heighway Publica- tions Ltd., Ludgate House, 110 Fleet St., London EC4, England. Includes, among others, these articles: "Progress in Far East Fisheries," by D. B, Finn; French Deep-Sea Fishing is at a Turning Point," by Dominique Gep; ''Economic Potential of Australian Tuna," by D. J. Hardman; ''Mechanization of Fishing Craft,'' by Jan-Olof Traung; ''All-Aluminum Men- haden-Vessel,"' by J.D. Smith; Expedition Fishing," by J. A. Hind; "Technical Advances in Knotless Nets;"' "Stern Trawling and Gear Design," by John Garner; "Bermuda Fisheries," by E. Hess; ''Searching the Oceans," by A. G. Koganovsky; and "Place of Eco- nomics in Fisheries, by G.M. Gerhardsen, GHANA: Preparing Shipments to Ghana, OBR-63-93, 12 pp., printed, 15 cents. Bureau of International Com- merce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., April 1963. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.) Presents information on shipping documents; labeling, marking, and packing; customs procedures; and related subjects. GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE TO FISHERIES: "Tes Aides a la Peche en Europe Occidentale" (As- sistance to the Fisheries in Western Europe), arti- cle, La Peche Maritime, vol. 42, no. 1021, April 1963, pp. 232-234, printed, single copy 11 NF (about August 1963 US$2.25). Les Editions Maritimes, 190 Boulevard Haussmann, Paris, France. GREECE: Alieia (Fishing), vol, 16, no, 191, May 1963, 60 pp., illus., printed in Greek and English. Alieia, 51 Stadiou Str., Athens (121), Greece. Includes, among others, articles on: ''Greek Fishing Production and Prices,'' by Basil D. Castriotis; ''Greek Deep Sea Fishing and the EEC," by M. E, Galazidis; ''The Ef- fects of the Trawl Fishing on the Stocks of Different Commercial Species in Greek Waters)’ by C. I. Ananiadis; and "Sponge Collecting Aqua-Lungs Versus Heavy Diving Suits,'' by N. A. Komarow, HADDOCK: "Biologia, Biometria, Anatomia y Pesca del Agelfino (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)"’ (Biology, Biometry, Anatomy and Fishing of the Haddock- -Melanogram- mus aeglefinus), by Alfonso Lucio Rojo, article, Trabajos Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, No, 27, 1959, pp. 1-67, printed in Spanish, Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, Alcala 27, Madrid, Spain, HERBICIDES: "Preliminary Results of Herbicides Tested on Cer- tain Aquatic Plants in Florida,'' by C. L. Phillippy, article, Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Con- ference, Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners, pp. 288-295, printed, Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners, Co- lumbia, 8. C., 1961, HERRING: "Storage of North Sea Herring in Cooled Sea Water. I--Technological Investigations," by S. I, Gakichko, K.M. Fomicheva, and T, A, Dubrovskaya; '"II--Bio- chemical Investigations,'' by S. I. Konopkaite and others; 'III--Microbiological Investigations," by R, M. Izrailit, articles, Kholodil'naia Tekhnika, no, 5, 1962, pp. 25-34, illus., printed in Russian. Kho- lodil'naia Tekhnika, c/o Four Continent Book Corp., 822 Broadway, New York 3, N.Y. ICHTHYOLOGY: Ichthyology, the Study of Fishes, by Karl F, Lagler, John E, Bardach, and Robert R. Miller, printed, $12.50, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 440 Fourth Ave., New York 16, N. Y., 1962. This book is not intended to be a comprehensive study but rather a treatment of the broad principles of the study of fishes. The text is developed in an orderly sequence of chapters, which include the relationships of fish to man and other animals; major groups of fishes; fish anatomy; skin; foods, nutrition, and growth; skeleton; build and movement; blood and circulation; respiration; ex- cretion and osmotic regulation; reproduction; inte- gration (nervous and endocrine systems); genetics and evolution; systematics and nomenclature; and ecology and zoogeography, The use of special ref- erences atthe end of each chapter rather than through documentation is in keeping with the general aim of the text. Inclusion of both systematic and subject indexes add to the usefulness as a general reference. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSIONS: Report of Working Group of Scientists on Fishery As- sessment in Relation to Regulation Problems (Sup- plement to Annual Proceedings, vol. 11), 81 pp., COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW IS} illus., printed, C$2. International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries, Halifax, N.S., Canada, 1962, A report submitted to the Interna- tional Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fish- eries at the 11th Annual Meeting in Washington, D.C., June 1961, Covers methods and interpretation of mesh assessments; the fisheries for cod, ocean perch, haddock, and plaice; an evaluation of the At- lantic halibut fishery; mesh assessments at present levels of fishing, and evaluation of uniform versus differential mesh regulation; and other similar in- formation, ITALY: Annuario Statistico della Pesca e della Caccia, 1962 (Annual Statistics of Fish and Game, 1962), vol. X, 1963, 180 pp., illus., printed in Italian, Instituto Centrale di Statistica, Italian Republic, Rome, Italy. Contains 1961 data with comparisons on fishery land- ings; and receipts, sales, and average prices at principal markets, Also contains hunting data, IVORY COAST REPUBLIC: Basic Data on the Economy of the Republic of Ivory Coast, OBR-63-32, 12 pp., illus., printed 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., January 1963, (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.) Dis- cusses, among other items, the fishing activity which takes place in the Gulf of Guinea and the sea and lagoons. Also discusses the development of the fish- ery industry for the world tuna market. JAPAN: Memoirs of the Faculty of Fisheries Kagoshima Uni- versity, vol. 11, no, 2, December 1962, 104 pp., illus., printed in Japanese with English abstracts. The Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan. Includes, among others, articles on: ''On the Effect of Trail Rope as a Jury Rudder of a Small Fishing Boat. I--Preliminary Experiments of Resistance and Yawing by a Model Ship," by Y. Narasako and T. Takeda; and "Notes on the Early Development of Scyllarid Lobster, Parribacus an- tarcticus (Lund),'' by T, Saisho, saci LOUISIANA: "Freshwater Commercial Fishing in Louisiana," by Grits Gresham, article, Louisiana Conservationist, vol, 15, nos. 5 & 6, May-June 1963, pp. 6-8, 23, illus., printed. Louisiana Conservationist, Wild Life and Fisheries Bldg., 400 Royal St., New Orleans 16, La. MACKEREL: "A Histophysiological Study of the Red and White Muscles of the Mackerel," by J. C. George, article, The American Midland Naturalist, vol, 68, no. 2, 1962, pp. 487-494, printed. American Midland Natura- | list, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Ind. MARINE FAUNA: Dangerous Marine Animals, by Bruce W. Halstead, 146 pp., illus., printed $4. Cornell Maritime Press, Inc., Box 109, Cambridge, Md., 1959. MARLIN: Postlarva of the White Marlin, TETRAPTURUS AL- ff the Carolinas, 138 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 by Donald P, de Sylva, Contribution No, 456, 10 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, vol. 13, no, I, March 1963, pp. 123-132.) The Marine Laboratory, University of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. MISSOURI RIVER: "Some Fishes of the Lower Missouri River," by Her- bert J. Fisher, article, The American Midland Nat- uralist, vol, 68, no, 2, 1962, pp. 424-429, American Midland Naturalist, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Ind. NAVIGATION: United States Coast Pilot 5, Atlantic Coast--Gulf of Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands, 264 pp., printed, $2.50, Coast enciGeniede Survey, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D.C., June 16, 1962, Includes the results of thorough field inspections made in the Gulf of Mexico in 1961, and in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands early in 1962, NETS: "Efficiency and Selectivity of Flag Gill Nets Fished in Lake Bistineau, Louisiana," by Victor W. Lam- bou, article Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Conference, Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners, pp. 319-359, printed. South- eastern Association of Game and Fish Commission- ers, Columbia, S.C., 1961, NORTH ATLANTIC: "Tilstanden i havet under den unormale vinter 1963" (Weather Conditions at Sea and in the Harbors dur- ing the Severe Winter of 1963), by Jens Eggvin, ar- ticle, Fiskets Gang, vol. 49, no, 15, April 11, 1963, pp. 213-220, illus., printed in Norwegian with Eng- lish summary, Fiskets Gang, Fiskeridirektoratet, Radstuplass 10, Bergen, Norway. NORWAY: "La Pesca y la Conserva Noruegas, en 1962" (The Norwegian Fishery and Canned Fish Pack in 1962), article, Industrias Pesqueras, vol. XXXVII, no. 864, April 15, 1963, pp. 136-137, printed in Spanish, single copy 35 ptas, (about 60 U.S. cents). Indus- trias Pesqueras, Policarpo Sanz, 21-2°, Vigo, Spain. "Smatralernes lonnsomhet 1961" (Small Trawler Earnings, 1961), article, Fiskets Gang, vol. 49, no. 14, April 4, 1963, pp, 197-202, printed in Norwegian. Fiskets Gang, Fiskeridirektoratet, Radstuplass 10, Bergen, Norway, OCEANOGRAPHY: "New Facilities at Woods Hole to Include Airplane," article, Newsletter, no. 1-63, January 31, 1963, pp. 4-5, processed, National Oceanographic Data Cen- ter, Naval Weapons Plant, Washington 25, D.C. "New Instrumentation Center Dedicated," article, Newsletter, no, 1-63, January 31, 1963, pp. 1-2, illus., processed, National Oceanographic Data Center, Naval Weapons Plant, Washington 25, D. C. "Recent Developments in Research Instrumentation," article, Newsletter, no, 1-63, January 31,1963, pp. 2-4, processed, National Oceanographic Data Cen- ter, Naval Weapons Plant, Washington 25, D.C. A Review of ''Oceanography 1960 to 1970'' and Com- "ments on the Interagency Committee on Oceanogra- phy, Fiscal Year 1962 Program, 47 pp., processed. Interagency Committee on Oceanography, Office of Naval Research, Room 1818, 17th St. and Constitu- ticn Ave. NW., Washington 25, D.C., August 1961. The Sea (Ideas and Observations on Progress in the Study of the Seas). Vol. II--Composition of Sea Wa- ter (Comparative and Descriptive Oceanography), — edited, by M.N. Hill, 569 pp., illus., printed, $25, Interscience Publishers, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N. Y., 1963. This is the second volume of a three-volume series directed toward progress made in the study of the seas during the past 20 years and toward depicting present ideas and re- search trends. Subject matter ranges from the chemistry of the sea through productivity, food chain relations, and descriptions of current system and regional oceanography to the bathscaph asa research instrument, Biology is restricted to aspects directly related to the physical, chemical, and geological processes in the ocean and on its floor. Serial Atlas of the Marine Environment--North At- Iantic Temperatures at a Depth of 200 Meters, by Elizabeth H. Schroeder, Folio 2, 2Ipp., illus., printed. American Geographical Society, Broadway at 156th St., New York 32, N. Y., 1963. About 96,000 temperature readings taken at the 200-meter depth throughout the North Atlantic have been organized and their distributions mapped in this folio, The Serial Atlas, a type of atlas never before produced in this country, was introduced last year with the publication of Folio 1, a study of sea surface tem- peratures in the Western North Atlantic. The Atlas is planned to foster more interdisciplinary communi- cation and to provide scientists with an essential means of making comparative studies, United States National Oceanographic Program, Fiscal Year 1962, Interagency Committee on Oceanography of the Federal Council for Science and Technology, 36 pp., processed, Interagency Committee on Ocean- ography, Office of Naval Research, Room 1818, 17th St. and Constitution Ave. NW.,, Washington 25, Dir 1962. PERU: "Can Peru Maintain Its Rate of Fishing Growth ?" by A. Jimenez, article, World Fishing, vol, 12, no. 5, May 1963, pp. 42-43, illus., printed, single copy 3s. (about 42 U.S. cents), John Trundell & Partners Ltd., St. Richard's House, Eversholt St., London NW1, England, The spectacular rise of the Peruvian fish- ing industry in the past 5 years has astonished the fishing world, About 1,000 purse seiners are now operating, 400 were built last year, and another 400 are planned for the current year. This article gives the background story and describes some of the ways in which it may develop. PLANKTON: "Plankton: Optimum Diversity Structure of a Summer Community,'' by Bernard C, Patten, article, Science, vol, 140, no, 3569, May 24, 1963, pp. 894-898, illus., printed, single copy 35 cents, American Associa- tion for the Advancement of Science, 1515 Massa- chusetts Ave, NW., Washington 5, D.C. August 1963 "Zooplankton Species Groups in the North Pacific," by E. W. Fager and J. A. McGowan, article, Science, vol. 140, no, 3566, May 3,1963, pp. 453-460, illus., printed, single copy 35 cents, American Associa- tion for the Advancement of Science, 1515 Massa- chusetts Ave. NW., Washington 5, D.C. POLAND: Polish Maritime News, vol. VI, no. 56, April 1963, 34 pp., illus., printed. Polish Chamber of Foreign Trade, Maritime Branch, Gdynia, ul, Pulaskiego 6, Poland. This number is devoted to sea fisheries and building of fishing vessels, It includes, among others, articles on expansion of sea fisheries, fu- ture tasks of the Polish sea fisheries, fish-process- ing industry, imports and exports, Sea Fisheries! Institute, deep-sea fisheries' schools, construction of fishing vessels, and building motherships for fish- ing fleets. Also includes the following articles: "Starboard Fishing Trawler Build in Series on French Orders;"' ''A New Fish Factory-Trawler of 1,250 T.D.W.;" ''B-21'-Type Fishing Trawler, Gener- al Arrangement and Description;" "Freezing Fish- ing Trawler of 1,300 T.D.W. Under Construc- tion;"' and '''"B-23'-Type Fishing Trawler of 600 T.D.W. with Freezing Arrangements." POLLUTION: "The Need and Value of Water Quality Criteria with Special Reference to Aquatic Life,"' by Clarence M, Tarzwell, article, The Canadian Fish Culturist, Is- sue 31, 1962, pp. 35-41, printed. Department of Fisheries of Canada, Ottawa, Canada. "The Relative Resistance of Thirteen Species of Fishes to Petroleum Refinery Effluent,"’ by Claud M. Ward and W.M. Irwin, article, Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Conference, Southeastern As- sociation of Game and Fish Commissioners, pp. _ 255-276, printed. Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners, Columbia, S.C., 1961. ROUGHFISH: "Experimental Non-Game Fish Eradication Program," by Monte Richards, article, Idaho Wildlife Review, vol, XV, no, 1, July-August 1962, pp. 3-6, illus., printed. Idaho Fish and Game Commission, 518 Front St., Boise, Idaho, SALMON: "Atlantic Salmon Headed for Extinction?" by P. J. Antle, article, Canadian Fisherman, vol. 50, no, 6, June 1963, p. 54, illus., printed, single copy C$3. National Business Publications Limited, Garden- vale, Quebec, Canada, All efforts should be directed towards eliminating the various causes responsible for the destruction of young salmon and the preven- tion of adults from reaching the spawning grounds, The alternative to this is continued depletion of the salmon population, states the author. Estimating Absolute Age Composition of California Salmon Landings, by Joseph H. Kutkuhn, Fish Bul- letin No, 120, 47 pp., printed. Documents Section, Printing Division, Department of Fish and Game, No. Seventh St., at Richards Blvd., Sacramento 14, Calif., 1963. The History of the Early Stuart Sockeye Run, by A.C. Cooper and K. A. Henry, International Pacific Salm - COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 139 on Fisheries Commission, Progress Report No. 10, 52 pp., illus., processed. International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission, New Westminster, B. C., Canada, 1962. Historical evidence as far back as 1820 indicates that the Early Stuart sockeye run to the Fraser River never has been large and was subject to significant variations in abundance caused primarily by obstructions to its upriver mi- gration in the Fraser Canyon. The construction of fishways at Hell's Gate, which had been an obstruc- tion even prior to the Hell's Gate block in 1913, coupled with certain regulatory protection in the commercial fishery, increased the average size of the Early Stuart run about seven times during the period 1949 to 1961, The increased size of the run andthe occurrence of highriver levels inrecent years during the upriver migration of the Early Stuart sock- eye have led to the discovery of several points that are still obstructions or present difficult passage. Recommendations are made for the removal of the remaining known obstructions, which are estimated to have already caused a loss of nearly one million dollars in the catch of sockeye, and which could cause further and more serious losses in future years under similar river flow conditions. "OQ Mekhanismackh Adaptatsii k Izmeneniyam Sole- nosti Vody u Nerka--Oncorhynchus nerka (Walb.)" (The Mechanisms of Adaptation of the Red Salmon- - Oncorhynchus nerka Walb,--to Changes in the Salin- ity of Water), by M.G, Zaks and M.M. Sokolova, ar- ticle, Voprosy Ikhtiologii, vol, 1, no, 2, 1961, pp. 338- 346, printed in Russian, Akademia Nauk, SSSR, Ikhtiologicheskaia Komissaia, Moscow, U.S.S.R. Resumption of Feeding by and Survival of Adult Sock- eye Salmon ONCORHYNCHUS NERKA) Following qowenced Gonad Development, by J.R. McBride and others, 8 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Jour- nal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 20, no. 1, 1963, pp. 95-100.) Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. "The Salmon Fishery in Nova Scotia," by N.E, J. MacEachern and J. R. MacDonald, article, The Ca- nadian Fish Culturist, Issue 31, 1962, pp. 43-57, _ printed. Department of Fisheries of Canada, Otta- wa, Canada. "Salmon with Fish-Hooks," by H. Isak, article, Bio- logical Abstracts, vol, 40, no. 6, part 1, 1962, no. 21922, printed. University of Pennsylvania, 3815 Wal- nut St., Philadelphia 4, Pa. Studies of Alaska Red Salmon, edited by Ted S, Y. Koo, 457 pp., illus., printed, $8.50. University of Wash- ington Press, Seattle, Wash., 1962. "Territorial Behavior of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.),'' by Miles H. A. Keenleyside and Fred T., Yamamoto, article, Behaviour, vol, 19, no. 1-2, 1962, pp. 139-169, printed. B. J. Brill, Leiden, Netherlands, SARDINES: Works of the Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, OTS 60-21660, I1I pp., illus., Seda: Trans- lated from the Serbo-Croatian, Godisnjak, vol. 2, 1939/1940; Izvjesca, vol. 4, no. 40, Toe: and Go- 140 disnjak, vol. 1, 1938.) Office of Technical Services, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D.C., 1962. Includes the following articles: ''The Food of Sardines (Clupea pilchardus Walb.) in the Metamor- phosic Stage, "by A. Ercegovic; ''The Spawning and Spawning Areas of the Sardine (Sardinus pilchardus Walb.) in the Adriatic Sea from 1947-1950,” by 1 Gamulin; and ''The Importance of Fishery Statistics to the Study of Marine Fishery Biology with Special Regard to the Adriatic Sardine,"' by A. Kotthaus. SEA LAMPREY: "Sea Lamprey Larvae in Lentic Environments," by Wilbert C, Wagner and Thomas M. Stauff, article, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 91, no. 4, 1962, pp, 384-387, printed. Secretary, American Fisheries Society, P.O. Box 483, McLean, Va. SEA URCHIN: The Biology of LYTECHINUS VARIEGATUS, by H. B. Moore and others, Contribution No, 444, 31 pp., illus., printed, (Reprinted from Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, vol. 13, no. I, March 1963, pp. 23-53.) The Marine Laboratory, University of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. SHAD: "The Occurrence and Distinction of Threadfin Shad in Southern California Ocean Waters," by James C. Thomas, article, California Fish and Game, vol. 48, no, 4, 1962, pp. 282-283, printed. Printing Division, Documents Section, No. Seventh St. at Richards Blvd., Sacramento 14, Calif, SHRIMP: "Biology of the Sand Shrimp, Crangon septemspinosa, in the Shore Zone of the Delaware Bay Region," by Kent S. Price, Jr., article, Chesapeake Science, vol. 3, no, 4, December 1962, pp. 44-355- illus., printed, single copy 75 cents. Natural Resources Institute, University of Maryland, Chesapeake Bio- logical Laboratory, Solomons, Md, SPAIN: Act No, 147/1961 on the Renewal and Protection of the Fishing Fleet, FAO--Food and Agriculture Leg- islation, vol. XI, no, 3, December 23, 1961, Spain, XVI/4, 7 pp., printed, $1. (Boletin Oficial delEstado No. 311, December 29, 1961, p. 18345.) Columbia University Press, International Documents Service, 2960 Broadway, New York 27, New York. Part I describes the general provisions of the Act; Part II, regulation of sea fisheries; Part III, plan for re- newal and enlargement of the fishing fleet; and Part IV, exemptions from taxes and duties. SPEARFISH: A New Western Atlantic Spearfish, TETRAPTURUS PFLUEGERI, with a Redescription of the Mediter- ranean Spearfish, TETRAPTURUS BELONE, by C. Richard Robins and Donald P. de Sylva, Contribu- tion No. 455, 39 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, vol, 13, no. I, March 1963, pp. 84-122:) The Ma- rine Laboratory, University of Miami, 1 Ricken- backer Causeway, Miami 49, Fla, SPORT FISHING: "A Survey of Salt-Water Sport Fishing in Virginia, 1955-1960," by C.E. Richards, article, Chesapeake COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 Science, vol. 3, no. 4, December 1962, pp. 223-235, illus., printed, single copy 75 cents. Natural Re- sources Institute, University of Maryland, Chesa- peake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, /Md. SPOT: "Movements of Spot, Leiostomus xanthurus, in the Lower Chesapeake Bay,” by Anthony L. Pacheco, article, Chesapeake Science, vol. 3, no, 4, 1962, pp. 256-257, orinted Department of Research and Edu- cation, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, Md. SQUID: A New Species of Cranchiid Squid, PHASMATOPSIS ~ LUCIFER, from the Gulf of Mexico, by Gilbert L. Voss, Contribution No, 454, 7 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, vol. 13, no. I, March 1963, pp. 77-83.) The Marine Laboratory, University of Mi- ami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. STRIPED BASS: "Distribution and Abundance of Striped Bass (Roccus saxatilis, Walbaum) on the Florida Gulf Coast,” by James M. Barkuloo, article, Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Conference, Southeastern Associa- tion of Game and Fish Commissioners, pp. 223-226, printed. Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners, Columbia, S.C., 1961. TAGGING: "On the Tagged Ratio Methods to Remove the Bias of Estimate Caused by Type C Systematic Errors in the Petersen-Type Tagging Experiment,'' by Yukio Nose, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 28, no. 7, 1962, pp. 585-694, printed, Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. TAIWAN: Basic Data on the Economy of Taiwan (Formosa), by Maurice Kogon, OBR-63-34, 28 pp., printed, 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U.S, Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., February 1963. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.) Discusses, among other items, the fishing industry, gear and vessels, record 1961 landings, and con- sumption of fishery products. TEXAS: Effects of Hurricane Carla on the Ecology of Redfish Bay, Texas, by Carl H. Oppenheimer, Contribution No, 453, 13 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Bul- letin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, vol, 13, no. 1, March 1963, pp. 59-72.) The Marine Laboratory, University of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. TILAPIA: "The Biology of Tilapia milotica Linneaus,"' by Lu- ther G, McBay, article, Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Conference, Southeastern FOO OE of Game and Fish Commissioners, pp. 208-218, printed, Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commis- sioners, Columbia, 8.C., 1961. TOXICITY: "Die Toxicitat des Alpha-Pentachlorcyclohexens (1) gegenuber Fischen'' (The Toxicity of the Alpha- August 1963 Pentachlorcyclohexens (1) to Fish), by Miroslav Toman and Zdenek Stota, article, Biologia, vol. XVII, no. 6, 1962, pp. 460-462, illus., printed in German with Slovenian, Russian, and English ab- stracts. Vydava Vydavatel'stvo Slovenskej Aka- demie Vied, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia. "The Toxicology and Toxicity of Toxaphene with Re- spect to Fish and Aquatic Food Animals," by R. Koeppe, article, Biological Abstracts, vol. 40, no. 6, Part 1, 1962, No. 21929, printed. University of Pennsylvania, 3815 Walnut St., Philadelphia 4, Pa. TROUT: "On Improving the Efficiency of Feed for Fish Cul- ture. Il--Digestibilities of Feeding-Stuff for Rain- bow Trout and Some Trials on the Improvement," by Juami Yamada and Ryo Kikuchi, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 28, no. 9, 1962, pp. 905-908, printed. Japanese So- ciety of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Tests for Increasing the Returns of Hatchery Trout, February 1, 1961 to January 31, 1962, by Monte Richards and others, Federal Aid in Fish Restora- tion Project F 32-R-4, 29 pp., illus., processed. Fisheries Division, Department of Fish and Game, 518 Front St., Boise, Idaho, June 15, 1962, TUNA: "Little Tuna, Euthynnus alletteratus, in Northern Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, with an Illustration of Its Skeleton,'' by Romeo J. Mansueti and Alice J. Mansueti, article, Chesapeake Science, vol, 3, no. 4, 1962, pp. 257-263, printed. Department of Research and Education, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, Md. "A Preliminary Report on Tuna in West Coast Waters of South Africa, Part 1," by B. vanD. de Jager, C.S, de V. Nepgen, and R. J. van Wyk, article, The South African Shipping News and Fishing Industry Review, vol. XVIII, no. 4, April 1963, pp. 62-67, 69, 71, illus., printed, single copy 25 cents, Thomson Newspapers, South African (Pty.) Ltd., Trust House, Thibault Sq., Box 80, Cape Town, South Africa Re- public, The tuna fishery is a recent and promising addition to the South African fishing industry. Still in its infancy, this fishery is based on four species of tuna of which relatively little is known in that country. The purpose of this three-part article is to contribute to the knowledge of these four species -- bluefin (Thunnus thynnus orientalis), longfin (Thun- nus alalunga), yellowfin (Thunnus albacares), and bigeye (Thunnus obesus) tuna. TURKEY: Balik ve Balikcilik, vol, XI, nos, 3-4, March-April 1963, 30 pp., illus., printed in Turkish with English table of contents. Et ve Balik Kurumu G,.M., Balik- cilik, Mudurlugu, Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey. In- cludes, among others, these articles: 'Dolphin Processing with Semi Continuous Method;" "De- composition of Fish Oils and Sea Mammal Fats, Studies of Conditions and Results;"' and "'Turbots,." UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC: Basic Data on the Economy of the United Arab Repub- 16 pp., lic (Egypt), by Warren F, Looney, OBR-63-95, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 141 illus., printed, 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Wash- ington, D.C., April 1963. (For sale by the Super- intendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.) Information on fishing includes resources, annual commercial catch, for- eign trade, the fishing fleet, freezing and canning facilities, and other topics. The report discusses geography and population, structure of the economy, agriculture, petroleum and mining, industry, and electric power. Also covers transportation, com- munications, finance, foreign trade, a program of economic development, and marketing facilities. VESSELS: "Modern Fishing Vessels and Gear," article, Trade News, vol, 15, no, 10-11, April-May 1963, pp. 3-6, jllus., processed, Information and Consumer Serv- ice, Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, Canada, VIET-NAM: Basic Data on the Economy of Viet-Nam, OBR-63-5, 24 pp., illus., printed, 15 cents. Bureau of Inter- national Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., March 1963, (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.) Discusses, among other items, the fishing activity and its im- provement through modernization with United States aid, WEATHER CHARTS: The following processed weather charts, 2 pp. each, are published by the Weather Bureau, U.S, Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C., and are for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D,C., 10 cents each, Charts show stations displaying small craft, gale, whole gale, and hurricane warnings, explanation of warning displays, and schedules of AM and FM radio, TV, and radiophone stations that broadcast weather forecasts and warnings. Coastal Warning Facilities Chart, Cape Hatteras, N, ie , to Brunswick, Ga ., 1963. Coastal Warning Facilities Chart, Eureka to Point Con- ception, Calif., 1963. Coastal Warning Facilities Chart, Point Conception, Calif., to Mexican Border, 1963. Coastal Warning Facilities Chart, Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands, 1963. WHALES: A Preliminary Investigation of the Blubber Oil from ~ the Atlantic Bottlenose Whale, by P.M. Jangaard, R.D. Burgher, and R. G, Ackman, 3 pp., printed. (Reprinted from Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 20, no. 1, 1963, pp. 245-247.) Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Otta- wa, Canada, WHALING: "The Influence of Meteorological Factors on the Ant- arctic Whaling," by Kenji Kurogane and Takahisa Nemoto, article, Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende (The Norwegian Whaling Gazette), TE 52, no. 4, April 142 1963, pp. 89-104, illus., printed. Hvalfangerforenin- gen, Sandefjord, Norway. "Oceanography and Whaling Ground in the Subarctic Region of the Pacific Ocean," by Keiji Nasu, arti- cle, The Scientific Reports of the Whales Research Institute, no. 17, February 1963, pp. 105-155, illus., printed, Whales Research Institute, Geirui Kenky- usho 12-4, Tsukishim-Nishigashi-dori, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. WORLD TRADE: "L'Accord Commercial France-Japan et le Marche de la Peche"’ (The French-Japanese Commercial Agreement and the Fishery Market), by Robert Lenier, article, France Peche, no, 72, April 1963, pp. 17-19, printed in French, single copy 2.5 NF (about 55 U.S. cents). France Peche, Boite Postale 179, Lorient, France. YELLOW PIKE: "Home Behavior of Spawning Walleyes,"' by Donald E. Olson and Warren J. Scidmore, article, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 91, no. 4, 1962, pp. 355-361, printed. ecretary, American Fisheries Society, P.O. Box 483, McLean, Va. "Homing Behavior in Walleyes,'' by Walter R. Crowe, article, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 91, no. 4, 1962, pp. 350-354, printed, Secretary, American Fisheries Society, P.O. Box 483, McLean, Va. YUGOSLAVIA: Informativni Bilten (Information Bulletin), printed monthly in Serbo-Croatian, Institut za Tehnologiju Ribe, P.O. Box 110, Zadar, Yugoslavia. Contains, among others, the following articles: COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 8 , No. 1-2, Jan.-Feb, 1962. "Variations of Fat Content in Adriatic Sardines during 1961," by H. Lisac, , No. 3-4, March-April 1962. 'Fundamen- tal Principles in Modern Quality Control," by D. Franolic; ''The Quality of Water Used in Fish Can- ning Plants,'' by V. Strceaj; ''The Quality Control of Vegetables Used for Canning with Fish," by P. Mi- licic; ''The Quality Control of Tomato Paste Used in Fish Canning Plants,'' by K. Brenko. , No, 5-6, May-June 1962. "Quality Con- trol of Fish During the Preparation for Precooking," by V. Perovic; "Quality Control of Tin Plate Cans in Fish Canning Industry," by D. Franolic; ''Quality Con- trol of Fish as Raw Material," by S, Bacie and ''Con- trol of Cans Seaming,'' by K. Sepic. , No. 7-8, July-August 1962. "Control of Canned Fish Retorting,"' by P. Baralic and H. Lisac; "Some Problems in Quality Control of Canned Fish as Final Product," by S. Banjad. , No. 9-10, September-October 1962. Quality Control of Other Raw Materials in Fish Canning Industry," by K. Sepic; ''Quality Control dur- ing Salting and Storage of Salted Fish," by V. Perovic; and "Quality Control of Oil in Fish Canning Industry," by S. Banjad. , No, 11-12, November-December 1962, Experimental Icing and Chilling of Sardines" and "A Note on Fat Content of Sprats,'’ by H. Lisac. --Listings under Yugoslavia supplied by K. Sepic. SPEED OF WHALES Blue whales, fin whales, and sei whales, migrating to summer feed- ing areas or to winter breeding places, moved at a speed consider - ably exceeding 15m.p.h. for quite a long time; ina little more than one hour they could appear at the sky- line, catch up with our vessel and disappear somewhat ahead of it. Therefore, they must have been moving at a speed of about 20 miles per hour --B. A. Zenkovich, report- ingonsea mammals as observed by the round-the-world expedition of the USSR Academy of Sciences in1957/58. (Australian Fisheries Newsletter, December 1962.) Sn SSS ss August 1963 Tuna-Macaroni Au Gratin .. . Add chunks of tuna to your macaroni and cheese. Bake in individual casseroles with a tomato slice on top. Tuna Stroganoff... For an easy but elegant luncheon dish serve Tuna Stroganoff, Heat tuna, condensed tomato soup, sour cream, and sliced mushrooms. Season with tabasco, Worcestershire sauce, a little salt and pepper. Serve over parsley-rice. Tuna Italienne .. . Make a sure-fire hit with Tuna Lasagne. Use Open Face Special .. . On toast — arrange crisp lettuce, tomato slices, and flaked tuna. Top with Louis Dressing and garnish with hard-cooked egg slices. Tuna Cheese Dreams... Make a delightful sandwich spread by com- bining flaked tuna, cream cheese, chopped ripe olives, toasted slivered almonds, and drained crushed pineapple, mixed to spreading con- sistency with a little lemon juice. Tuna-Cheese Melting Moments .. . Spread bread with mustard-butter. Cover with tuna salad and top with a slice of pimiento COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Does It with TUNA SUMMERTIME IS TUNA TIME Wonderful tuna — flavorful convenience in a can — truly the chef's best friend. Always available, priced right and prepared so easily in so many sparkling ways. Versatile tuna goes with so many things — it flatters fruit— teams with greens — and coddles cas- seroles. Tuna sings in sandwiches, too! Terrific tuna, easy and elegant, bright and light, at your fingertips everywhere. SPARKLING Tempting Tossed Salad . . . Spark interest in a bowl of tossed salad by adding chunks of delicious tuna Tuna Potato Salad .. . Send an old stand-by soaring to new flavor heights by mixing chunks of tuna with your favorite potato salad. > Tuna Louis... Top shredded lettuce with a generous portion of flaked tuna. Cover with a spicy Louis Dressing and garnish with tomato wedges. Tuna Slaw... Give added interest to a crisp cabbage slaw with chunks of luscious tuna. Macaroni Salad .. . For a flavor delicious accent, try adding chunks of tuna to your macaroni salad. your own special lasagne recipe but use tuna in place of the regular meat. Tuna Imperial... Combine tuna, condensed cream of mushroom soup, cooked peas, and a dash or two of pep- per. Place in individual casseroles, top with grated cheese and bake until heated through. Tuna Tomato Medley .. . Stuff tomatoes with a combination of flaked tuna, cooked rice, grated cheese, beaten egg, and seasonings. Bake until tomatoes are tender cheese. Bake in a very hot oven until bread toasts and cheese melts. Wonderful with soup or a chef’s salad. Luncheon Special . . . Tuna salad sandwiches, dipped in french toast batter, and fried to a golden brown. Won- derfully good! Meal in One... Variation on a popular theme — Tuna Subma- rine. Spread submarine rolls with your favor- ite tuna salad. Top with onion rings, tomato slices, cheese, and lettuce. Issued by Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U. S. Department of Agriculture as Part of a Continuing Marketing Program in Cooperation with the Fishing and Agricultural Industries SALADS Glorified Fruit Salad... Make a summer fruit salad extraordinarily good with the addition of chunks of tuna and a sprinkling of toasted almonds. Summer Seagarden... Tomatoes stuffed with tuna salad are hearty main dish salads for hot weather appetites. Surprise Aspic... Accent a spicy tomato aspic by folding in flakes of hearty tuna. Serve on salad greens, garnish with avocado slices and nippy sour cream dressing. Summer Sparkler ... As a variation on the ever popular waldorf salad add chunks of tuna for a wonderful flavor combination. QUICK CASSEROLES Tuna Casserole Quickie .. . Make a casserole of tuna and drained cut green beans, topped with cream of mushroom soup sauce subtly seasoned with curry powder. Sprinkle with a mixture of grated cheese and bread crumbs. Bake until bubbly. Southern Tuna Favorite ... Add chunks of tuna to a rich and colorful a la king sauce, Serve over hot cornbread. Delicious! SATISFYING SANDWICHES Tuna Pizza... Looking for a new pizza flavor combination? Spread pizza crusts with pizza sauce, and top with flaked tuna, ripe olives, and mozzarella cheese. Hot and Hearty... Serve a thick, juicy tuna burger topped with a tomato slice and mayonnaise. Tuna Rarebit Deluxe ... A super duper luncheon sandwich! Add chunks of tuna to cheese or tomato rarebit and serve piping hot over asparagus spears on toast. G rg ee LR. y os Penc: a hey Ob TAKE IT EASY WITH TUNA For appetizing recipes see p. 143. k= Ml» (bs i f= lll COMMERCIAL BREW EE UB “FISHERIE 5 66.8 G05 46/6/63 X SHES Sa L. 25, NO. 9 SEPTEMBER 19635 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Washington, D.C. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, SECRETARY FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE CLARENCE F. PAUTZKE, COMMISSIONER BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES DONALD L. MCKERNAN, DIRECTOR DIVISION OF RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT RALPH C. BAKER, CHIEF =) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW @) A review of developments and news of the fishery industries prepared in the BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES. Joseph Pileggi, Editor G.A. Albano, H. M. Bearse, and H. Beasley, Assistant Editors Address correspondence and requests to the: Chief, Fishery Market News Service, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Wyatt Bldg., Suite 611, 777 14th Street, NW., Washington, D.C. 20005. Publication of material from sources outside the Bureau is not an endorsement. The Bureau is not responsible for the accuracy of facts, views, or opinions contained in material from outside sources. reference to the source is appreciated. Budget, May 1, 1963. Although the contents of the publication have not been copyrighted and may be reprinted freely, Use of funds for printing this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the 5/31/68 Page CONTENTS COVER: Soviet trawler Krym near United States North Pacific coastal waters off Washington State. In mid-July 1963, the 125-foot Soviet trawler was operating 50 to 75 miles from the Washington coast. The vessel was observing fish stocks off the entrance to the Strait of Juan de Fuca. The vessel is e- quipped for otter-trawl and gill-net fishing. It carries a hy- drographic winch on the forward deck. The masts of the ves- sel hold radar and meteorological equipment. 1 ..New Whiting Products Tested at University of Massachusetts Annual School-Lunch Conference, by Kevin J. Allen and Edward H. Cohen 5 ..Length-Weight Relationship and Stomach Contents of the Swellfish (Spheroides maculatus) in the York Page River, Virginia, by Peter A. Isaacson with University of Alaska Page TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS: TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Fishing Vessel and Gear Developments: Alaska Fisheries Investigations (Contd.): Equipment Note No. 14--A Light Box for 14 .. Ugashik Red Salmon Smolts Highest on Rec- Photographing Fish and Invertebrates at ord Sea, by Lael L. Ronholt California: Alaska: 14 Pelagic Fish Population Survey Continued Japanese and Soviet Fisheries in Bering Sea 15... San Francisco Bay Investigations and Gulf of Alaska 16 Dungeness Crab Tagging Operations and Biologists Agree on Dixon Entrance Salmon Growth Studies Reports ied Pelagic Fish Population Survey Continued Japanese Plan Alaska Fish Plant 20 Albacore Tuna Migration Studies and Tagging New Fishery Firm in Kenai 21 Investigation of Fish Losses From DDT- Dungeness Crab Industry at Metlakatla Ex- Treated Irrigation Water pands Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations: Salmon Fishermen Demand Higher Prices 21 Ocean Current Studies in Central North Pa- Fishery Trends at Kodiak cific Aided by Parachute Drogues ARA Funds Requested for Fishery Research 23. Seasonal Distribution of Young Albacore Tuna Alaska Fisheries Investigations: Determined by Study of Predators! Stomachs Salmon Spawning Area Contract Negotiated Contents continued page II. II Page 24 24 24 25 25 28 29 29 30 30 30 31 31 31 32 33 33 33 34 34 35 37 38 39 39 39 40 . COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 9 CONTENTS (CONTINUED) TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Federal Purchases of Fishery Products: Department of Defense Purchases, January- February 1963 Revised Federal Specification for Canned Shrimp Proposed Fisheries Laboratory: New Marine Biological Laboratory for Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries Being Built in California Fish Oils: Flavor Change Indicated During Oxidation of Menhaden Oil Fractions Great Lakes Fisheries Exploration and Gear Research: Results of Trawling Explorations in Northern Lake Michigan Great Lakes Fishery Investigations: Western Lake Superior Fishery Survey Con- tinued Environmental Conditions in Apostle Islands Area of Lake Superior Studied Gulf Fishery Investigations: Shrimp Distribution Studies Hawaii: Skipjack Tuna Landings, January-June 1963 Industrial Fishery Products: U.S. Fish Meal and Solubles: Production and Imports, January-June 1963 U.S. Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles: Production, July 1963 Production, June 1963 Major Indicators for U.S. Supply, June 1963 Fish Meal is a Reliable Source of Trace Minerals Observations on Use of Fish Meal and Oil in Animal Nutrition Irradiation Preservation: New Method of Assessing Fresh Fish Quality Studied Experiments on Microwave Pasteurization of Crab Meat Promising Atomic Energy Commission Builds Irradia- tion Preservation Laboratory in Massachu- setts Maine Sardines: Canned Stocks, July 1, 1963 Marketing: Edible Fishery Products Marketing Pros- pects in Second Half of 1963 North Atlantic Fisheries Investigations: Sea Herring and Surf Clam Surveys Con- ducted Summer Distribution and Abundance of Groundfish Species Studied North Pacific Exploratory Fishery Program: Abundance and Distribution of Albacore Tuna and Other Pelagic Species Studied Pelagic Trawl Efficiency in Catching Salm- on To Be Evaluated Oceanography: Seabird-Plankton-Oceanography Relation- ships Study New Oceanographic Research Vessel for U.S. Navy Keel Laid for New Coast and Geodetic Sur- vey Vessel Page 41 41 42 43 44 44 44 45 46 46 46 47 48 49 50 50 50 51 52 52 53 53 55 56 56 56 56 . . TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Oceanography (Contd.): You Can Help in the Study of Ocean Currents Oceanographic Data Display System Being Developed Oysters: Maryland Observations on 1963 Spatfall Pollution: : Oxygen Deficiency Resulting from Secondary Pollution Destroys Fish in Potomac River Radioactive Waste Disposal Problems Effects of Pesticides on Fish Studied at Tishomingo Fish Hatchery Salmon: Excessive Escapement Threatens North Pa- cific Run to Fraser River "First Returns'' Reported on Huge Fish Hatchery Evaluation Project in Northwest Shrimp: United States Shrimp Supply Indicators, July 1963 Transportation: New Rail-Barge Between Southeastern Alaska and British Columbia in Service Tuna: Atlantic Tuna-Oceanographic Studies United States Fisheries: Commercial Fishery Landings, January- June 1963 Fish Sticks and Portions Production, April- June 1963 U.S. Fishing Vessels: Documentations Issued and Cancelled, June 1963 Financial Assistance for Vessels and Gear Available from the Fisheries Loan Fund Mortgage Insurance Program Assists Financ- ing of Vessel Construction New Fishery Research Vessel of Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Visits Nation's Capital U.S. Foreign Trade: Airborne Imports of Fishery Products, March-April 1963 Edible Fishery Products, June 1963 Imports of Canned Tuna Under Quota Imports of Fish Meal and Scrap by Customs Districts, June 1963 Wholesale Prices: Edible Fish and Shellfish, July 1963 FOREIGN: International: Europe: Fishery Problems Discussed at Meeting in Ostend, Belgium European Free Trade Association: Proposed West European Fisheries Con- ference on Access to Fishing Grounds and Markets Supported Fish Meal: World Production, May 1963 Food and Agriculture Organization: Seminar on Fishery Development Held in Ghana International Pacific Halibut Commission: North Pacific Halibut Fishing in Area 3A Ended August 9, 1963 Contents continued page III. August 1963 Page 57 57 58 58 58 59 59 60 60 60 61 61 61 62 62 65 66 66 66 66 68 68 68 68 69 69 70 70 70 70 71 71 71 oe we COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW III CONTENTS (CONTINUED) FOREIGN (Contd.): International (Contd.): International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Com- mission: Meets at Washington, D.C. Argentina: Fishing Industry Plans Modernization Australia: Bluefin Tuna Survey Resumed Shrimp Fishery in Shark Bay Being Ex- panded Brazil: Foreign Trade in Fishery Products, 1961- 1962 ‘Canada: British Columbia Fishing Industry Tied-Up by Labor Dispute British Columbia Fishing Industry Tie-Up Ends New Method Tested for Unloading Salmon from Vessel Experimental Oyster Hatchery Being Built Chile Control Over Foreign Fishing Vessel Li- censes Tightened by New Decree Fisheries Trends, April-June 1963 Japan-United States-Chile Joint Fish-Meal Operations Demand for Shrimp and Langostino Can't Be Met Denmark Fishery Exports to United States Decline in January-June 1963 Fishery Products Exports and Fishing In- dustry Trends Fishermen's Minimum Price Program for Plaice Withdrawn Fisheries Association Makes Recommenda- tions Fishery Products Sale to the Soviet Union Discussed Herring Shark Fishery Ghana: Fisheries Expansion Program Trawlers from Japan Iceland: Fishery Landings by Principal Species, January-March 1963 Utilization of Fishery Landings, January- March 1963 Italy: Frozen Tuna Import Quota Japan: Frozen Albacore Tuna Exports Exports of Frozen Tuna for Fiscal Year 1962 Frozen Tuna Export Prices Tuna Mothership Operating in Eastern Pa- cific Albacore Fishing in South Pacific Poor Canned Tuna in Brine Sales to United States Increased Canned Tuna in Brine Seventh Sale to United States Export Market for Canned Tuna in Oil Dull as of Mid-June Export Trends for Canned Tuna in Brine, Canned Salmon, and Canned Crab Meat, 1962 Page 72 72 72 72 73 74 74 15 75 75 75 76 76 76 76 77 77 78 82 83 83 84 84 85 86 86 86 87 87 91 FOREIGN (Contd.): Japan (Contd.); Association Contributes to United States Can- ned Tuna Promotion Packers Plan to Contribute to Promotion of Canned Tuna x Japanese Plan to Support Italian Canned Tuna Promotion Economic Study of Tuna Fishery Tuna Fishermen Sign New Wage Contract King Crab Fishery Trends in Bristol Bay, Early July 1963 Fishing Company Comments on 1963 Bering Sea Operations Factoryship Fish-Meal Production and Sales Exports of Fishery Products, January-June 1963 Exports of Frozen Halibut, January-June 1963 and 1962 Export Prices for Canned Shrimp Reduced Japanese Firm Concludes Contract to Export Hake to Spain Exports of Canned Saury Budget Increase Proposed for Japanese Ex- port Trade Promotion for Fisheries Frog Industry and Exports Atlantic Ocean Fishery Trends Proposals for Distant-Water Trawler Opera- tions Landings by Major Fisheries, 1961-1962 Fishing Industry of Hokkaido Prefecture Performance Report on Electrically-Powered Fisheries Training Vessel "Kuruma" Shrimp-Breeding Experiments Successful Whaling Industry Trends Purchase of British Whaling Mothership Stirs Controversy Kuwait: Shrimp Industry Liberia: Fishing Company Expands Operations Fishing Industry To Be Reorganized Malaya: Japanese Tuna Operations at Penang To Be Expanded Netherlands: Distant-Water Fishing by Trawlers New Caledonia: Freezership to Serve as Floating Tuna Cold- Storage Plant Peru: Fishing Industry Status as of July 1963 Fish Meal and Oil Industry Trends, April- June 1963 Portugal: Canned Fish Trends, January-May 1963 Canned Fish Exports, January-April 1963 Canned Fish Pack, January-April 1963 South Africa Republic: Tuna Investigations Off West Coast Pilchard-Maasbanker Fishery, January- April 1963 South-West Africa: Soviet Trawlers Fish in Inshore Pilchard Grounds Off Coast Firm Plans to Export Frozen Pilchard Fillets Contents continued page IV. IV COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 9 CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Page Page FOREIGN (Contd.): FEDERAL ACTIONS (Contd.): Spain: Department of the Interior: 91 .. Japanese Firm Signs Five-Year Contract to Fish and Wildlife Service: Buy Spanish-Caught Fish Bureau of Commercial Fisheries: U.S.S. R-: TOM 5.5 Proposed Amendment to Federal Standards 92... King-Crab Fleet Leaves Gulf of Alaska for Grades of Frozen Raw Breaded Fish 92 ., Four Fish Processing and Freezing Vessels Portions To Be Built in the Netherlands Department of Labor: 92... Third Danish-Built Fish-Freezing Vessel Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Divisions: Delivered LOA. Minimum Wage Changes Affect Fish Can- United Kingdom: nery Workers and On-Shore Workers 92 .. Two New Semiautomated Stern Trawlers to Department of State: Fish in North Sea Agency for International Development: 95 .. New Trawl Depth Telemeter Developed 104 .. Fisheries Aid Grants to Foreign Countries, 95 .. New Type Flashing Marine Buoy Light De- 1955-1962 veloped U.S. Tariff Commission: Foreign Fisheries Briefs: 105 .. Import Tariff Schedule Changes Include Fish 97 .. Eastern North Pacific and Bering Sea Fish- Blocks and Other Fishery Products ing, First Half 1963 Treasury Department: 98 .. Fisheries Training for Ghanaians in Soviet Internal Revenue Service: Union 108 .. Fishermen's Estimated Income Tax 98 .. Construction of Cold-Storage Plant at U.S. District Court: Abidjan 110 .. Breaded Seafood Processor Granted Over- 98 .. Taiwanese Fishing Vessels Will Use South time Exemption Under Fair Labor Standards African Ports Act 98 .. Soviet Fisheries Aid to Sudan White House: 98 .. Soviet Fishing Off West Africa 110 .. Revised Tariff Schedules Effective August 31, 98 .. Soviet Tuna Fleet Fishing Off Spain 1963 98 .. Soviet Fishing in Red Sea 111 .. Changes in Tariff Schedules Given Effect By 99 .. Soviet Crab Factoryships Canning Saury in Presidential Proclamation North Pacific 112 .. Eighty-Eighth Congress (First Session): 99 ,., Fishery Research by Soviet Submarine FISHERY INDICATORS: 99 .. Soviet Study of Crab Resources of Okhotsk 116 .. Chart 1 - Fishery Landings for Selected States Sea 117 .. Chart 2 - Landings for Selected Fisheries 99 .. Soviet Fishery Landings up in First Half of 118 .. Chart 3 - Cold-Storage Holdings and Freez- 1963 ings of Fishery Products FEDERAL ACTIONS: 119 .. Chart 4 - Receipts and Cold-Storage Holdings Department of Commerce: of Fishery Products at Principal Distribution Area Redevelopment Administration: Centers LOOM. Public Facilities Grant and Loan to Port 119 .. Chart 5 - Fish Meal and Oil Production of Newport, Oregon, Approved 120 .. Chart 6 - Canned Packs of Selected Fishery Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Products Food and Drug Administration: 121 .. Chart 7 - U.S. Fishery Products Imports 1OORey. Weighing Packaged Fish Fillets at Time RECENT FISHERY PUBLICATIONS: of Sale Approved 122 .. Fish and Wildlife Service Publications 124 .. Miscellaneous Publications Editorial Assistants: Ruth V. Keefe and Jean Zalevsky Sr. Compositor: Alma Greene Jr. Compositors: Donna K. Wallace and Marjorie McGlone OK OK Ok Ok Photograph Credits: Page by page, the following list gives the source or photographer for each photograph in this issue. Photographs on pages not mentioned were obtained from the Service's file and the photographers are unknown. Cover--Bruce Yeager; p. 30--F. B. Sanford and C.F. Lee; p. 35--Andrew L, Pinto; p. 37-- Robert K, Brigham; p. 59--Information Services, Dept. of Fisheries, Ottawa, Canada; p. 65-- A, W. Anderson, U.S. Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe; p. 78 and 82--Consulate General of Japan, N. Y.; p. 88--Milton Lindner, U.S. Embassy, Mexico. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. c. 20402. Price 60 cents (single copy).. Subscription price: $5.50 a year; $2 additional for ioreign mailing. gem 2i2F Eseee Jom September 1963 NEW WHITING PRODUCTS TESTED AT UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS ANNUAL SCHOOL-LUNCH CONFERENCE By Kevin J. Allen* and Edward H. Cohen** ABSTRACT In its efforts to assist the whiting industry, the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries has learned that a need exists for product diversification in that industry. Com- petition in the traditional markets and variable quality of the product have had a de- pressing effect on the important New England whiting fishery. This article reports on the results of eliciting opinions of supervisors and managers of school-lunch programs as to the acceptability in school lunches of whiting served in fish portions, fish sticks, fishburgers, fish jelly roll, and fish croquettes. INTRODUCTION The announcement shown on this page was distributed to 150 supervisors and managers of school-lunch programs as they registered at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst, Mass., for their annual state-wide School-Lunch Conference which took place in July 1962. A NEW TWIST--THE TEST IS IN THE TASTE Will the children eat it? The School Lunch Program and the fishing industry have one thing in common. Both are trying to come up with new ideas formenus that will appeal to the children of the Nation. The U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries has developed a num- ber of fishery products with a newtwist. The Bureau thinks these are the type of products you would like to serve. It is not the Bureau's intention to attempt to sell these products to you at this meeting but rather to show them to you, ask you to sample them, and then have you give an honest opinion as to their possible acceptability in the School-Lunch Program, You are the experts. The Bureau wants your ideas concerning the types of new products that you want. This program will be presented by Kevin J. Allen, Fishery Marketing Specialist, Branch of Marketing, and Edward H. Cohen, Chemist, both of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Fig. 1 - Announcement distributed to school-lunch personnel at Massachusetts state-wide School-Lunch Conference. In addition to their regular business sessions, the school-lunch people each attended one of the following six ''Special Interest Sessions: Type 'A'' Lunch Analysis The Ups and Downs of Recipe Adjusting Timely Tips on Equipment A New Twist--The Test is in The Taste Meeting the Needs of our School-Lunch Customers Accounting Clinic to Relieve Record-keeping Headaches Of the 150 registered supervisors and managers of school-lunch programs, 74 (or 49 percent) attended the special session called 'A New Twist--The Test is in The Taste.'' The %* Fishery Marketing Specialist, Marketing Office, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Boston, Mass. %*% Chemist, Technological Laboratory, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Gloucester, Mass. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 685 2 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No.9 Bureau's purpose in requesting their aid at that session was to determine the acceptability and and marketing feasibility of new whiting products. The products evaluated were: (1) fish portions, (2) fish sticks, (3) fishburgers, (4) fish jelly roll, and (5) fish croquettes. The purpose of this article is to report the reaction of the school-lunch people to those five whiting products. FISH PORTIONS Fish portions were made from skinless whiting fillets frozen in a 134-pound block, cut with a band saw, battered and breaded, deep- fried, and packaged. Table 1 - How Fish Portions Were Rated by Supervisors and Managers of School-Lunch Programs The reaction of the school lunch super - Number Reladun Namibee visors and managers to this product is shown i Choosing Choosing Indicated in table 1. The portions were the most popu- Indicated Rating lar of the five products served, and they re- ; ceived the fewest adverse comments. The general feeling was that the portions would be readily acceptable by children. A few small bones were found in the samples and there was immediate objection to this. Most of the comments were as follows: ''the best I have ever tasted," "excellent," 'tasty,'' and "would be accepted." FISH STICKS Fish sticks were made from skinless whiting fillets frozen ina 133-pound block, cut with a band saw, battered and breaded, deep-fried, and packaged. The reaction to this product is shown in table 2, The participants were unanimous in their opinion that the fish sticks would be ac- ceptable to the children. They felt, however, that the fish sticks should be served with tar- tar sauce or ketchup. The main complaint re- garding the samples was lack of seasoning. A Table 2 - How Fish Sticks Were Rated by Supervisors and Managers of School-Lunch Programs Number Relative Number Choosing Choosing Indicated Indicated Rating Like extremely .... Like very much .... Like moderately Like slightly Fig. 2 - Children being served fish sticks in a school lunchroom in Manchester, Mass. The school-lunch programs are a large potential market for new types of fishery products provided they are developed to appeal to children. few small bones were found in the samples, and again testers objected to this. Some thought the fish sticks were the best they had ever tasted and were better than the products now on the market. Because fish sticks are readily available and popular in the school lunch, the participants thought that fish sticks made from whiting would be readily acceptable. September 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 3 FISHBURGERS Fishburgers were made from the flakes of steamed whiting fillets. The other ingredients consisted of onions, butter, fish liquid or milk, bread crumbs, eggs, parsley, mustard, and salt. on each side. The reaction to this product is shown in table 3. Participants were unanimous in their opinion that the fishburgers contained too much onion and not enough salt. There was a difference of opinion regarding the accept- ability by the children. The primary reason that children would reject them was the a- mount of onion. Many of the school-lunch people felt that the burgers, though not ac- ceptable to the small children, would be read- ily accepted by older children and by high school students. The product was shaped into burgers, rolled in crumbs, and pan-fried for 4 minutes Table 3 - How Fishburgers Were Rated by Supervisors and Managers of School-Lunch Programs Relative Number Choosing Indicated Number Choosing Indicated Rating Like extremely . Like very much Like moderately Like slightly Neither like nor dislike . Dislike slightly Dislike moderately .. Dislike very much Dislike extremel FISH JELLY ROLL able 4 - How Fish Jelly Roll Was Rated by Supervisors and Managers of School-Lunch Programs Relative Number Choosing Indicated Number Choosing Indicated Rating Like extremely .. Like very much , . Like moderately Fish jelly roll was prepared by cutting whiting fillets into 1-inch chunks, adding olives, pimentos, carrots, salt, gelatin, spices, vinegar, and water. The mixture was stuffed into a casing, heat processed, and then re- frigerated. The reaction to this product is shown in table 4. The participants were unanimous in their dislike for fish rolls. All agreed it would not be accepted in the schools, though a few thought it had possibility as an hors d'oeuvres for adults only. FISH CROQUETTES Fish croquettes were made from the flakes of steamed whiting fillets. ients were onions, butter, flour, milk, eggs, salt, pepper, parsley, and bread crumbs. ingredients were mixed and shaped into croquet - tes and then were deep-fried for 3-4 minutes. The reaction to this product is shown in table 5. Although the participants readily ac- cepted the croquettes and liked them, there was a difference of opinion on whether the children would accept them. Some of the participants who thought the children would accept them suggested that the croquettes be served with a sauce. Participants who thought the children would not accept fish croquettes based their opinion onthe fact the children did not like chicken croquettes. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The other ingred- These Table 5 - How Fish Croquettes Were Rated by Supervisors and | __————_ and Managers of School -Lunch of School-Lunch Programs | | Number | Relative Number Rating Choosing Choosing Indicated sages) Rating Rating Like extremely ... Like very much . Like moderately . Dislike moderately j ° Dislike very much . . 1. Most of the supervisors and managers of school-lunch programs who participated in the test were receptive to the new products. The participants felt that the products, with the 4 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 9 exception of the jelly roll, were good and that little trouble would be found in marketing them. 2. Opinions varied with respect to the desired optimum amount of seasoning required in each product. Onion and salt were the seasonings in question. (To overcome these objections, we will adjust the recipes used in future tests.) 3. Participants pointed out that all portions must contain at least 2 ounces of cooked fish meat per serving for use in the school-lunch program. 4, The participants felt that the initial introduction of new whiting products should be limited to portions and sticks. They based their opinion on the fact that other portion and fish stick products were widely acceptable in the school-lunch program. 5. Participants all agreed that products that contained bones would not be accepted by small children. 6. The participants were of the opinion that fish sticks and fish portions would be most acceptable to the younger children. Croquettes and burgers would find greater acceptance by older children than by younger ones. 7. Participants suggested that the products be tested by school-lunch personnel in other states to get a complete picture of their acceptability. 8. The group participating in this testing was small and represents a minute percentage of school-lunch supervisors and managers throughout the country. The results, however, were encouraging enough to warrant further testing of the products in other areas. SALMON SPAWNED IN FRESH WATER ADAPT TO SALT WATER The quick adaptation to salt water by salmon spawned in fresh water that return to the sea is dueto their gill systems, research by a zoologist of the University of California, Los Angeles, has indicated. Theoretically, when the fish go from fresh water into the high salinity of the sea, they should normally be expected todehydrate. Studies ofsalmon tagged with radioactive sodium chloride have shownthat they are able to change the permeability of the gill system sothey lose very little water in the change-over from fresh to salt water. Because of that, the salt concentration does not build up in their blood. Certain sea-going frogs in Thailand, as well as European toads, alsocan adapt to a salt-water environment. Their tolerance to increased salt concentration in their body, the University zoologist said, is largely through regulation of their kidney mechanism. Unlike the salmon, however, the body fluids of the European toad become almost equal in salt con- centration to the water in which they live. The zoologist has been doing research on salmon under a grant from the National Science Foundation. (Science News Letter, August 11, 1962.) September 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 5 LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP AND STOMACH CONTENTS OF THE SWELLFISH (SPHEROIDES MACULATUS) IN THE YORK RIVER, VIRGINIA By Peter A. Isaacson* ABSTRACT Data are presented on the relationship between total length and weight of the swellfish (Guberoules maculatus) based on measurements of 109 fish caught by the author from the York River in Virginia. The fish ranged in total length from 109 to 304 mm. (about 4.3 to 12.0 inches), and in weight from 26 to 536 grams (about 0.9 to 18.9 ounces). As is to be expected, plotting of weights of individual fish against their respective lengths indicates a definite relationship between those measurements. The stomachs of 48 specimens ranging in length from 142 to 271 mm. (10.7 inches) were examined. No variation in diet could be correlated with size, sex, or condition. Comparison between data on swellfish from the York River and from New Jersey waters indicated that even though the food habits were similar, the York River fish were significantly heavier. INTRODUCTION The American Fisheries Advisory Committee (which includes representatives of the com- mercial fishing industry from all parts of the United States), at a meeting in Kansas City, Mo., in December 1962, outlined five steps which would help American commercial fishermen meet the competition of foreign fishing fleets. Among the recommendations was the development of of untapped fishery resources which may exist in large quantities. Commercial fishery statistics show that there is a concentration of effort on a few spe- cies of fish, and that many other species are not used for human consumption. The rejection of a number of species is the result of lack of familiarity and a reluctance on the part of the consumer to try something new (Carson 1943), The principal purpose of this paper is to show that the swellfish (Spheroides maculatus), a species which has not been fully exploited, is present in sufficient quantity and of a market- able size to make a larger commercial venture profitable. The swellfish is found in abundance from Florida to Cape Cod. Beginning in late April it forms a Significant part of the catch of the pound-net fishery in the Chesapeake Bay area. In late May it becomes one of the greater nuisances to the sport fishermen in the New York area. Early in the fishing season there is a small market for the swellfish. Unfortunately, this market is glutted rapidly, and as the season progresses the excess catches go into the "scrap fish'' sold to reduction plants. At the peak of their abundance the swellfish are culled from the ''scrap fish'' because the reduction plants refuse to accept them.l/ This results in a drop in price from about 20 cents a pound ex-vessel to nothing. The average ex-vessel price for swellfish in 1960 was 2.9 cents a pound (Power 1961). MATERIALS AND METHODS During the summer of 1962, the author (working out of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Va.) kept records of lengths, weights, and sex of swellfish caught both in pound nets and by anglers fishing in the York River. * Formerly Assistant Research Specialist, Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, Ne Y.; now Marine Biologist, Ma- rine Resources Section, Department of Fish and Game, Terminal Island, Calif. 1/Because of the tough hide of swellfish, an overload will damage processing machinery at reduction plants. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 686 6 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 9 In the compilation of the length-weight data, the total lengths were placedin 10-mm. (0.4- inch) classes, The number of individuals in each interval; and the minimum, average, and maximum weights are-listed in table 1. The length of the fish ranged from 109 to 304 mm. (4.3 to 12.0 inches) with corresponding weights of 26 to 536 grams (0.9 to 18.9 ounces). Table 1 - Length and Weight Distribution of Sampled Swellfish Welsh and Breder (1922) determined a coefficient of condition of swellfish from the New Jersey area by assuming that the weights 110-120 of the fish vary as the cube of the length mul- Malian tiplied by a constant calculated from the for- oe mula: W = L? They found that this relation 1905170 does not follow the plotted curve exactly due 180-190 to differences from specimen to specimen in searaen sex, food in the gut, and the development of 210-220 7 the gonads. For the sample of fish measured, 220-230 6 they calculateda K value of 56. Whenthis for- | 330-220 Z mula is applied to the sample of fish from 250-260 4 Virginia waters, the value of K is equal to 260-270 2 41.5 which indicates that the fish from Vir- oO ae 3 Fae ate : f -290 1 ginia are significantly heavier than the fish 290-300 1 of corresponding length from New Jersey. 300-310 1 Table 2 - Analysis of Stomach Contents of Virginia Swellfish (Total Number of Fish, 48) Food Item Bluescrabi tensive. clio citeine Annelid worm ..... Snail (Haminoea) .... Hermit crab . Mantid shrimp i et Unidentified . 2 E a f o & ra tea Cg = Table 3 - Analysis of Stomach Contents of New Jersey Swellfish!/ (Total Number of Fish, 102) Food Item Small crabs .. 22 Crustaceans (unident.) Mussels .. 2.2 eo > Univalves . 2. ee eee Unidentiniiereileiieleiteie Empty .-+--+eeccee 1/Linton (1905) on examining 15 specimens found: oysters, scal lops, mussles, razor clams, gasteropods, barnacles, crabs, shrimp, sea urchins, worms, acidians, bryozoans, and a wa- termelon seed. These fish were caught in the Beaufort, N. C., Fig. 1 - Random sample of length frequencies of swellfish from ereds the catch of a commercial pound-net fisherman in the York River. Total Length in Millimeters A comparison of the food eaten by both groups (tables 2 and 3) ‘indicates that there are no differences in the food habits, and that the diet depends largely on what organisms are avail- able in the local habitat. September 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 7 In May of 1962, a random sample of length frequencies was taken of swellfish from the catch of a commercial pound-net fisherman in the York River. On the basis of the length- weight plot (fig. 1) approximately 41 percent of the total sample was of marketable size (fig. 2). The fishery statistics from the Middle Atlantic States show over 1.3 million pounds of swellfish landed by commercial methods during the 1960 fishing season. This, in the opinion of the author, represents only about one third of the actual catch. Since most of 59% those fish are culled and never reach the market, they are not recorded. Number of Fish NON-MARKETABLE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 200 Total Length in Millimeters , The swellfish represents a significant Fig. 2 - About 41 percent of the total sample of swellfish was fishery resource which is not fully used but pani Nia Gt which could be exploited more fully if the market were expanded. If there were more information on the distribution and yearly fluctu- ations in the abundance of this species, it might be feasible to harvest this fish for marketin much greater quantities. This would aid the commercial fishermen to increase their earn- ings and, at the same time, it would ease somewhat the pressure on the species of fish which are more heavily exploited. LITERATURE CITED CARSON, RACHEL L, POWER, E. A. 1943. Food from the Sea, Fish and Shellfish of New England. 1962, Fishery Statistics of the U. S. 1960. Statistical Digest, Cons, Bull. No. 33., U. S. Dept. of the Interior, no. 53, U. S. Dept. of the Interior. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, BUREAU OF WELSH, W. W. and BREDER Jr., C. M. 1962. News Release--Interior 5634, U. S. Dept. of the In- 1922. A Contribution to the Life History of the Puffer, terior, Spheroides|maculatus (Schneider), Zoologica, vol. 2, no. 12, pp. 261-276. LINTON, EDWIN 1904. Parasites of the Fishes of Beaufort, North Carolina, Bull. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XXIV, p. 402. Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior—America’s Department of Natural Resources—is concerned with the man- agement, conservation, and development of the Nation’s water, fish, wildlife, mineral, forest, and park and recreational re- sources. It also has major responsibilities for Indian and Territorial affairs. As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Depart- ment works to assure that nonrenewable resources are developed and used wisely, that park and recreational resources are con- served for the future, and that renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress, prosperity, and security of the United States—now and in the future. 8 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW == IREN DS> AND en = Fishing Vessel and Gear Developments EQUIPMENT NOTE NO. 14-- A LIGHT BOX FOR PHOTOGRAPHING FISH AND INVERTEBRATES AT SEA: Colored slides and photographs of the fish and invertebrate fauna of the northeastern Pacific Ocean for use in lectures, publica- tions, and identification keys are being com- piled by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Exploratory Fishing and Gear Re- search Base, Seattle, Wash. The natural colors of most fish and in- vertebrates fade rapidly upon removal of the animals from their environments. There- fore, it is necessary to photograph them within minutes after capture to obtain their Fig. 1 Photographs taken at sea usin ploratory fishing vessel. Vol. 25, No. 9 true living color patterns. Initial attempts to photograph specimens at sea were unsatis- factory owing to unsuitable background and lighting, which caused reflections and shad- ows. To alleviate these problems, a special "light box'' was developed. Use of the light box in conjunction with photoflood lamps has provided excellent colored photographs of fish and invertebrates from 6 to 45 centime- ters or 2.36 to 17.72 inches (fig. 1). DESCRIPTION AND MATERIALS The dimensions of the light box, 27 inches long, 23 inches wide, and 105 inches deep, were regulated by the maximum field of view encompassed by the camera lens at a distance of 30 inches and the space available in the vessel's wet laboratory (fig. 2). Longspine Channel Rockfish (Sebastolobus altivelis) ig the light box installed aboard the John N. Cobb, a U.S, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries ex- U. S.~ DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 687 September 1963 Fluorescent lights were selected for the background lighting, because they provide low heat emission and greater dispersion of light. White-flashed opal glass was used to further diffuse the lighting into a white uni- form background, and safety plate glass was used for the photographic stage. Fig. 2 - Light box prior to installation. The combination of lighting and glass background eliminated shadows which are normally cast by the specimens when illu- minated by photoflood lamps. Lights beneath the white-flashed opal glass diffused any shadows projected through the plate glass. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 9 The photographic light box and photoflood lamps require 110-volt alternating current. Materials required for the construction of the light box were: 2 hinch exterior grade plywood 48 by 30 inches =-inch exterior grade plywood 24 by 24 inches =-inch safety plate glass 22.5 by 26.75 inches grinch white -flashed opal glass 22 by 26.5 inches 20-watt fluorescent light fixtures and bulbs S each hinges, 2 by 1>~inches 1 pair eye hooks, 15-inches 1 pair white paint black paint -020 sheet stainless steel electrical wiring | flathead screws, No. 10 14-inch 4 dozen waterproof glue The cost of the materials was approximately $70.00. 28 by 26 inches CONSTRUCTION The bottom, 273 by 23 inches, and front and back, 274 by 9 inches, were cut from i- inch plywood, and the two ends, 22 by 10 inch- es, from ¢-inch plywood. On the inner surface of the ends, a ¢-inch deep by %-inch wide dado was cut 3 inches from the top (fig. 3). A#-inch wide by ¥-inch deep rabbet was cut on the top inside edge of the ends, anda 27 _'——_____—_____ >| | I< 7 2 \* —— Fig. 3 - Drawing illustrating construction details, 10 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW z-inch wide by 3-inch deep rabbet was cuton the top inside edge of the front and back pieces. After the rabbet was cut in the front piece, it was ripped into two parts, the top portion measuring 273 by 2 inches and the bottom portion measuring 273 by 7 inches. Waterproof glue and No. 10, 13-inch flat- head screws were used to secure each joint. All screw holes were drilled and screw heads were countersunk. After the ends were attached to the bottom, the back and top por Gy Light Box | In. angle vials Fig. 6 - Illustration of 'L" brackets suspending the light box be- neath the table. A strip of 1-inch angle iron 26 inches long was bolted to each pair of '"'L" brackets. Identical strips of angle iron were attached to each end of the light box 4%-inches from the top (fig. 6). The strips form runners which facilitate installing or removing the unit. The light box was locked into position by bolting the runners together. Note: Acknowledgment: The author would like to thank Ron Lopp of the Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washing- ton, for his technical assistance and suggestions. --By Lael L. Ronholt, Fishery Biologists Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research Base U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Seattle, Wash. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 11 Alaska JAPANESE AND SOVIET FISHERIES IN BERING SEA AND GULF OF ALASKA: The foreign fishing fleet build-up that had accelerated through April and May 1963 inthe Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska leveled off somewhat during June. The major increases were the arrival of the Japanese factoryship Kaiko Maru with 9 catcher vessels, to engage in the long-line fishery north of Unalaska Island, and the appearance of 3 Japanese whale factoryships in the Gulf of Alaska area. By month's end an estimated 180 to 200 Soviet and 210 to 215 Japanese vessels were believed to be fishing in the Gulf of Alaska and eastern Bering Sea. The Portlock and Albatross Banks near Kodiak became the center of the major fishing effort by the Soviets during June. More than a dozen BMRT stern-ramp trawlers, including 7 or 8 new vessels of that type, andnumerous new refrigerated fish transport and support vessels were identified. More than 100 con- ventional SRT type trawlers were sighted with the total fleet about 150 vessels in June. Sie: Russian crab-canning factoryship operating in the Bering Sea. Home port of this vessel is Vladivostock. A Soviet whale fleet continued to operate in the eastern Aleutian area and another in the Gulf of Alaska. The fleets, comprised of two factoryships and accompanying killer vessels, had been actively engaged in whaling throughout June. The entry of the Soviets into the king crab fishing grounds of the Gulf of Alaska occurred in early June. The Pavel Chebotnyagin, So- viet crab factoryship of the Zakharov type, shifted operations from the Bristol Bay area into the Gulf of Alaska as had been predicted. 12 The vessel was sighted at 56.1°N., 154.8°W., near Chirikof Island. This class of vessel is ultra-modern with numerous unique features in processing equipment, is 531 feet long over-all, has a 65-foot beam, and carries a crew of 640 men and women. Observations were that the vessel was making excellent initial catches with tangle-net gear. Two additional vessels of that type, the Andrei Zakharov and the new Eugeni Nikishin were last reported fishing for king crab in the Bristol Bay area north of Port Moller. But by mid-July the Soviet king crab fleets had departed from the area south of Kodiak Is- land. Japanese fishing efforts had largely level- ed off during June. Three Japanese whale factoryships were operating south of the Kenai Peninsula, each accompanied by sev- eral killer and support vessels. Another whale fleet was in the western Aleutian Is- lands. Six factoryships and 75 trawler-type ves - sels comprised the Japanese long-line fleet operating along the 100-fathom curve between Unalaska Island and the Pribilof Islands in the Bering Sea. The shrimp fleet consisted of 2 factoryships and 26 trawlers operating north of the Pribilof Islands. Although the Japanese Government had authorized additional vessels to engage in fish meal and oil production in the eastern Bering Sea, only 1 factoryship and 30 trawl- ers had arrived on the fishing grounds by the end of June. Two Japanese factoryships were fishing for king crab north of Port Moller in Bristol Bay. Those vessels, utilizing 4 trawlers and 16 ''Kawasaki"' picker boats, and operating in the same general area as the Soviet crab fleets, reported numerous gear conflicts and heavy losses. Japanese exploratory efforts in the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska included the Akebono Maru 51 and 52, Taiyo Maru, Tenryu Maru, and Seiju Maru. Those vessels have gener- ally been accompanied by an observer from the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries or the Canada Department of Fisheries. Nine Japanese salmon factoryships were i- dentified in the western Aleutian area. OK KK COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 9 BIOLOGISTS AGREE ON DIXON ENTRANCE SALMON REPORTS: One more step has been completed in the long procedure of clarifying questions re- garding stocks of salmon, which are exploited by both Canadian and United States fishermen in the international boundary area around Dixon Entrance. The fourth meeting of the "Committee on Problems of Mutual Concern" was held on June 4, 1963, in Vancouver, B.C. Analyses of previous salmon tagging experi- ments, which had been exchanged this past year by Canadian and United States biologists, were approved by representatives of both countries. A new development was the attention the Canadians called to recent tag captures by Canadian fishermen of salmon tagged by In- ternational North Pacific Fisheries Commis- sion(INPFC) projects in offshore and coastal waters of Southeastern Alaska. The Canadians requested that the Committee's study area be expanded to include all waters along the outer coast of Alaska from Cape Spencer to Dixon Entrance. 3K OK OK OK OK JAPANESE PLAN ALASKA FISH PLANT: Governor Egan of Alaska disclosed that a Japanese firm plans to form an Alaska cor- poration to produce a variety of fishery prod- ucts in Alaska using mainly local labor. The firm would be incorporated under Alaska law by the Tokyo firm planning the venture. Pre- liminary plans call for cold-storage and cur- ing shore operations at Bristol Bay, a mobile salt-curing barge, and a mobile fish-meal factory barge. The mobile barges would be used in Cordova, Kodiak, and Southeast areas. Yearly production (involving 200 operating days) was estimated at some 1,390,000 tons of fishery products, which would go to mar- kets in Japan and other Southeast Asian na- tions. The Bristol Bay plant and mobile barge are expected to employ 90 Alaskans and 8 Japanese. Additional operations by the Japanese call for ''Dungeness crab farms" in the Prince William Sound area and the production of byproducts from seaweeds. OK OK OK OK NEW FISHERY FIRM IN KENAI: A new fishery firm was reported establish- ed in Kenai, Alaska. Their primary interest is in silver (coho) salmon but the operations September 1963 will not be limited to that species alone, and will include both fresh-water and marine fish. A minimum goal of 500,000 coho salm- on is set for the remainder of this year. ok ok ok Ok DUNGENESS CRAB INDUSTRY AT METLAKATLA EXPANDS: Pan American World Airways announced that its jet transportation service had opened up a new cookedcrab meat industry in Alaska. Within four months, PAA has flown nearly 40 tons of cooked Dungeness crab from Met- lakatla, Alaska, to Seattle and Honolulu. Specially designed plastic containers are used for the whole cooked crabs. Shipping rates for lots of more than 1,000 pounds are: 4 cents a pound to Seattle and 20 cents a pound to Honolulu. OK KOK OK SALMON FISHERMEN DEMAND HIGHER PRICES: During June, salmon fishermen in certain areas of Bristol Bay, Chignik, Kodiak, and Southeastern Alaska stopped fishing and de- manded higher prices. The final settlement in Bristol Bay provided fora two-year agree- ment with the fishermen to receive $1.08 per red salmon this year and $1.09 the next season. The agreement also provides for a 2-cent increase for pink salmon and 1 cent for chums. In the settlement of the price dis- pute (involving the seine-boat crewmen in the Icy Strait-Chatham Strait area), the Chatham, Hawk Inlet, and Excursion Inlet canneries will pay 26 cents a pound for reds, 98 cents a fish for cohos, 78 cents a fish for chums, and 38-52 cents a fish for pinks. There were indications in certain areas of Bristol Bay that the peak of the red salmon run may have occurred during the price dis- pute period, although there may also be something abnormal about the Bristol Bay run this year. Reports from Icy Straits in- dicated a tremendous run of pinks, with 2 boats landing about 25,000 fish each the first day of the open season. The State set the season to alternate 24 hours open and 24 hours closed, thereby allowing canneries to keep pace with deliveries. OK OK OK OK FISHERY TRENDS AT KODIAK: The fishery economy of Kodiak continued to expand in king crab and shrimp, with COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 13 salmon fast slipping from its earlier pre- eminent position in the Island economy. Ko- diak is predominantly a pink salmon area and, because of last year's very successful season, neither the industry nor the fishermen were | very interested in making price concessions (negotiations were hung-up between 443 and 42 cents per pink salmon; other species prices were of minor concern). The king crab fishery near Kodiak never really stopped during the 1963 molt season and the larger vessels were able to harvest offshore non-molting crabs at all times. Production during the month of June was ex- pected to be one of the best months on record for the Port Wakefield crab processing plant. In June, a shrimp processing plant in Kodiak was operating on a two-shift, 7-day-a-week schedule. A new shrimp plant affiliated with a cold-storage company was expected to be in production by the middle of July. A third shrimp plant is to be in operation by late fall. OK OOK OK ARA FUNDS REQUESTED FOR FISHERY RESEARCH: Governor Egan of Alaska reported that he had submitted to the Area Redevelopment Administration(ARA)a request fora grant of overa million dollars fora fishery biological and oceanographic research center in Kodiak Alaska. Plans include an exploratory fishing and oceanographic research vessel. The Governor emphasized that the operations of the research center must be financied through research grants. Alaska Fisheries Investigations SALMON SPAWNING AREA CONTRACT NEGOTIATED WITH UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA: The Branch of River Basin Studies, U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, has negotiated a contract with the Wildlife De- partment of the University of Alaska to de- termine the location of salmon spawning areas in the Chena River and to determine factors affecting egg success deposited in such areas. The contract is augmented by a grant from the National Science Foundation to the Univer- sity for related investigations. Data obtained from this contract will be of vital importance 14 in determining feasibility of fish passage or the type of artificial propagation facility to be recommended on the Chena Flood Control project proposed by the Corps of Engineers near Fairbanks, Alaska. OK OK KOK UGASHIK RED SALMON SMOLTS HIGHEST ON RECORD: Over 28 million red salmon smolts were estimated to have left the Ugashik system by mid-June 1963. This is over twice as many as a year ago which was also a record year. The 2.5 million adult spawning escape- ment in 1960 contributed heavily as two- check migrants to this year's production, and including the one-check fish, that brood year has produced over 27 million smolts or twice as many as those produced by any other brood year. This is considered im- portant information on the general question of what constitutes an optimum escapement for a given system. California PELAGIC FISH POPULATION SURVEY CONTINUED: Airplane Spottin Flight 63-6-Pelagic Fish (June 12-13, 1963): To determine the inshore distribution and abundance of pelagic fish { schools, the inshore area from the United States - Mexican Border to Halfmoon Bay, Calif., was surveyedfrom the air by the California De- partment of Fish and Game's Cessna ''182"' 9042T. Adverse weather limited flying time to only 2 of the 4 days originially scheduled. The area between Point Dume and the United States-Mexican Border was surveyed on June 12. Of 243 anchovy schools observed, 196 were small schools in Los Angeles - Long Beach Harbor. Flights over the harbor area were made at 11:30 a.m. and 3:45 p.m. Pa- cific Daylight Time. Weather and water con- ditions were about the same on both flights. On the first transect at 11:30 a.m. not one fish school was sighted. Changes in fish be- havior probably account for the ''sudden ap- pearance"! of anchovy schools on the 3:45 p. m. flight. Changes in the angle of the sun did not appreciably alter scouting conditions. Twelve anchovy schools were observed in Santa Monica Bay, 2 off Torrey Pines, and COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 9 33 between Coronado and the United States - Mexican Border. Four jack mackerel schools were sighted between San Mateo Point and the Santa Mar- garita River. Two lampara boats were mak- ing sets on fish schools in the immediate vicinity. Interviews with the fishermen re- vealed that one vessel caught nothing and the other landed 5 tons of jack mackerel. Three sardine schools were seen off Tor- rey Pines; 20 other fish schools in the area could not be identified. On June 13, the area between Halfmoon Bay and Point Vicente was surveyed when 252 anchovy schools and 1 unidentified school were sighted. Most of the anchovy schools were contained in three school groups. A school group off Cayucos contained 35 schools, 95 were ina loosely-knit group between Oceano and Mussel Point, and 83 were be- tween Goleta Point and Santa Barbara. Airplane Spotting Flight 63-7-Pelagic Fish: The area from the United States-Mexican border to the California-Oregon border was surveyed on July 8-11, 1963. On July 8, the coast between Point Con- ception and the United States-Mexican border was surveyed. Only 26 anchovy schools were observed and none of those were in the Los Angeles-Long Beach Harbor area. The re- sults of that day's survey are noteworthy be- cause most of the bait fishery fleet was op- erating in that area. Six anchovy schools off North Island and 5 schools near Coronado Strand were being fished by commercial bait craft in the San Diego area. One achovy school was seen off Oceanside, and 10 more were observed off Carlsbad. Four unidentified schools were spotted off La Jolla Point. A four-mile long reddish brown bloom was seen off Dana Point. On July 10, cloud banks prevented aerial survey of the coast between Long Beach and Point Sur, but the region between Point Sur and the California-Oregon border was sur- veyed. Of 152 schools seen, 58 were ob- served west of the Golden Gate Bridge. That school group exceeded all the rest in total area and ranged from the Farallon Islands to the Golden Gate. September 1963 _ California - Oregon Border Legend: A - Anchovy schools. Eureka @ - Anchovy school group. we - Red tide. Point Arena 58A7 San Francisco 36A— 32a—} 21A 5A Santa Cruz Airplane Spotting Flight 63-7-Pelagic Fish (July 8-11, 1963). On the same day, 5 anchovy schools were observed off Point Ano Nuevo, 21 were seen off Pidgeon Point, 32 in Half Moon Bay, 4 off San Pedro Point, and 32 schools were observed off Rockaway Beach. An extensive red tide was seen in the Santa Cruz Harbor area. Thirteen bright yellow-green schools of jellyfish were spotted. Most of the larger schools exhibited diploid population concen- tration centers. On July 11,clouds prevented survey of the region between San Francisco and Long COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 15 Beach. On the same day, the area between Eureka and San Francisco Bay was observed. Twenty-six schools of anchovies were seen north of Dumbarton Bridge in San Francisco Bay. Heavy cloud banks prevented any more surveying that day. No schools of other species were seen on any of the three days of surveying. Red tides were much less in evidence than on previous aerial surveys. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1963 p. 19. * OK KK * SAN FRANCISCO BAY INVESTIGATIONS: M/V Nautilus" Cruise 63-N3a-f Sar F’. Bay Study (January 31-June 14, 1963): This aide of the San Francisco Bay south of San Pablo Bay by the California Department of Fishand Game research vessel Nautilus was made at different periods from the end of January to the middle of June 1963. The objectives were to: (1) collect fish and invertebrates rou- tinely at six stations to determine distribu- tion and relative abundance under prevailing environmental conditions, (2) define ecol- ogical zones of the bay, and (3) determine food of the principal fish and its availability. A square-mouthed midwater trawl 25 feet on a side was towed for 20 minutes at the surface. Each of six stations was also sam- pled by a 15- to 20-minute bottom tow witha beam-trawl net 10 feet wide and 4 feet high with 1-inch mesh. Samples of the bottom with its shallow burrowing fauna were brought up with a 100- cubic-inch organgepeel dredge. Those benthos samples were frozen for later sifting and identification of material. A sample was also taken at each station for San Jose State College, for their study of San Francisco Bay bottom materials. Plankton was taken with a 3-meter net having 28 meshes per inch. Each plankton tow lasted 20 minutes and the material was preserved for classification by San Jose State College. Temperature and salinity measurements were taken from both surface and bottom water where the depths were sufficient to make a measurable difference. At shallow stations only surface observations were made. Bottom water samples were collected with a modified Eckman bottle secured to the or- angepeel dredge line 2 feet above the dredge. Temperature was measured to 0.1° C. (33.89 F.) and salinity to 0.P°ho. 16 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 9 Legend: @ - Collecting station. — — — - Bridge. Richmond Berkeley San Francisco Menlo Park + w Shows collecting stations during San Francisco Bay Study by M/V Nautilus. Over 15,000 fish of 37 different species and several species of crustaceans were taken during February-April. Anchovies (Engraulis mordax), herring (Culpea pallasi), and shiner perch (Cymatogaster aggregata) were taken in greatest numbers. Bayshrimp (Crago sp.) were caught at all stations. Bottom-dwelling invertebrates were taken incidentally in the beam trawl. Those in- vertebrates and those taken in the bottom samples represent several phyla. The poly- chaetes, pelecypods, gastropods, and some of the crustacea are elements of the food chain in the Bay. It will take much more time and effort to disclose the interrelation- ships between the many forms of vertebrates and invertebrates. The records of a few cruises show that much of San Francisco Bay is not a biologi- cal desert. A biological community exists which represents a tremendous potentialfor utilization by both sport and commercial in- terests. Temperatures ranged from 11.9° C. (53.49 F.) at Station No. 3 in March to 15.69 C. (60.6° F.) at Station No. 6 in April. Salinity ranged from 13.9%o at Station No. 1 in April to 29.8%o at Station No. 3 in March. Because there was no previous history of temperature and salinity at those locations, it was not possible to make detailed analyses at the time. However, after records have been com- piled for an extended period, seasonal varia- tions should be discernable. Surface water measurements taken in the spring of 1963 follow closely the long-term (1945-1956) ranges of temperature, 9,22 ©, to 16.1° C. (49.0° to 61.0° F.), and of salinity, 9.4°%%0,, to 28.8°%0, published by the U.S. De- partment of Commerce for the same period at Hunters Point, between Stations No. 3 and 4 (fig. 1). OK OK OK OK DUNGENESS CRAB TAGGING OPERATIONS AND GROWTH STUDIES: M/V “Nautilus” Cruise 63-N-1F-Crab (June 23-July 8, 1963): To tag Dungeness PACIFIC Legend: - Tagging area and number of crabs tagged. Fig. 1 - Shows crab tagging areas during M/V Nautilus Cruise 63-N-1F (June 23-July 8, 1963). September 1963 crab (Cancer magister) 130 millimeters (5.1 inches) in shoulder width and larger for growth studies, and to determine recruitment to the fishery from sublegal components of the crab populations were the objectives of this cruise by the California Department of Fish and Game research vessel Nautilus. The area of operations was in the coastal waters off Bodega Bay and San Francisco. A total of 60 40-inch commercial-type crab traps without escape ports were fished in 6 to 20 fathoms of water. The traps were baited with squid and rockfish carcasses and allowed to fish overnight. Traps were pulled the following day and crabs over 130 milli- meters in shoulder width were tagged with plastic spaghetti tags. Very soft crabs were returned to the water untagged. In the tagging operation, two holes were punched 3-inch apart in the pleural groove on the ventral aspect of the carapace. A plastic spaghetti tag was threaded through the holes using a curved suture needle. This Legend: - Tagging area and number of crabs aioe, tagged. Y Double Point Seat aetna eee ene -"*8uy OT o> i San Francisco Fig. 2 - Shows crab tagging areas during M/V Nautilus Cruise 63-N-1F (June 23-July 8, 1963). COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 17 placement of the tag is for maximum reten- tion when the pleural groove opens during molting. Crabs were returned to the water immediately after tagging. One group of 200 tagged crabs was held overnight in a live box to determine mortality; one crab died. A total of 2,299 male Dungeness crabs were tagged on this cruise. They ranged from125 to 195 millimeters (4.9 to 7.7 inches) in shoulder width. Most were 135 to 165 milli- meters (5.3 to 6.5 inches) wide. The principal tagging locations were just south of the Russian River, Bodega Bay, Drakes Bay, and between Bolinas and San Francisco (figs. 1 and 2). Trawling was conducted for one day off San Francisco to collect samples for the crab growth study. Good samples of the 1962 year-class were obtained. Individuals from that year-class ranged from 37 to 99 milli- meters (1.5 to 3.9 inches) in shoulder width at the time taken. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1963 p. 20. PELAGIC FISH POPULATION SURVEY CONTINUED: M/V “Alaska” Cruise 63-A-3-Pelagic Fish (May 10-June 1, 1963): The objectives of this cruise were to: (1) survey the pelagic environment of Northern California, (2) con- tinue comparing catches of night light and midwater-trawl stations, (3) obtain live sar= dines from Monterey Bay for blood genetic and morphometric studies. The area of op- erations was in the coastal waters of Cali- fornia between Crescent City and Point Reyes, and the Monterey Bay area. The cruise was made by the California Department of Fish and Game research ves- sel Alaska. The results are presented as three separate studies: (a) midwater trawl survey of the area between Crescent City and Point Reyes, (b) a light station survey of se- lect sections within that area, and (c) a spe- cial light-station survey of the Monterey Bay area. MIDWATER-TRAWL SURVEY: A total of 31 midwater-trawl tows were completed. Most of them were made with the net at 50- foot depths, although depths as great as 1,000 feet were tried. Most tows were made inless than 80 fathoms of water and within 10 miles 18 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Legend: @ - Midwater trawl station. * - Nightlight station, Crescent City hr - Herring. hk - Hake. sl - Salmon. sm- Smelt. jm - Jack mackerel. an - Anchovy. fl - Larval flatfish. Klamath River Redding Rock Trinidad Head Of > hk 1 @e ureka fl © ®\_ Shelter Cove 1 @* sl sm@) fF, 1 @ ‘ort Bragg M/V Alaska Cruise 63-A-3-Pelagic Fish (May 10-June 1, 1963). of shore. Seven of the 31 tows were made at night. The catches of the more important species were: Salmon: Juvenile salmon(1 to 12 fish) were caught in 6 tows. The smallest and largest ones (3.2 to 13.3 inches long) were caught off Bodega Bay. The most interesting catch was made off Fort Bragg. Five of 12 salmon in a tow had been marked by removal of the adipose fin and a portion of the right maxil- lary bone. The marked fish were 5 to 10.4 inches long. Four unmarked salmon were taken in 3 tows between the Klamath River and Trinidad Head. Herring: Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) were caught at nine stations throughout the survey area. At seven of the stations, catches were small, ranging from 1 to 59 fish. In the remaining two tows (one a night tow off Point Arena, the other an afternoon tow south of Bodega Bay), 2,000 and 4,000 fish, respectively, were caught. Most of the herring were adults ranging from 5.1 to 7.5 inches long. Hake: Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) were caught in more tows (10) than any other species. In six tows, the catches were small, Vol. 25, No. 9 varying between 1 and 49 fish, mostly large adults. In the other four tows, however, catches of from 600 to 6,000 juveniles (about 10.2 to 11.8 inches long) were made. Those large catches, plus three smaller catches, were made between Stewarts Point and Point Reyes. The three other successful stations were off Eureka. Osmerids: Surf smelt (Hypomesus pre- tiosus) were caught in six tows; the three larg- est catches were made between Crescent City andthe Klamath River. These were mostly 5.1 to 6.7 inches long. Whitebait smelt (Allos- merus elongatus) were taken in six tows in amounts ranging from 4 to 10,000 fish. The three best tows were made off Eureka. Those fish were smaller than the surf smelt, rang- ing from about 2.6 to 4.3 inches long. Mackerel: Three large jack mackerel (Tru- churus symmetrius) taken in two tows off _ Bodega Bay were the only mackerel taken. They were 19.1 to 20.7 inches long. Anchovies: Anchovies (Engraulis mordax) were taken in only 2 tows: a single fish just south of Eureka, and 4 fish in a tow off Bodega Bay. Larval Flatfish: Larvalstages of several flatfish (Citharichthys sp., Glyptocephalus zachirus, Microstomus pacificus, particular- Iy) were common in the tows. LIGHT STATION SURVEY: Fifteen 1-hour light stations were occupied between Redding Rock and Shelter Cove, and 5 between Walsh Landing and Bodega Bay. Light stations were generally unsuccessful in both areas. In the northern area the only fish attracted were small whitebait smelt. In the Bodega Bay area, herring, surf smelt, whitebait smelt, and a single anchovy were attracted on one station. No schools were sighted during 116 miles of night scouting between stations. MONTEREY BAY AREA LIGHT STATIONS: Although Monterey Bay was not within the cruise area, the potential value of sardine samples from that area warranted a special effort. Thirteen 3-hour light stations were occupied in the bay on the last two nights of the cruise. The only fish attracted were anchovies, which came to the light at twosta- tions. No sardines were located. This area will be more thoroughly covered on cruise 63-A-4. September 1963 A total of 36 anchovy schools was sighted in Monterey Bay during 45 miles of night scouting between stations. The weather during the entire cruise was very good for the area and time of year, al- though working conditions were frequently far from ideal. Sea surface temperatures ranged from 49.6° F. off Cape Mendicino to 57.9° F. off Eureka. M/V "Alaska" Cruise 63-A-4- Pelagic Fish (June 12-July 1, 1963): The objectives of this cruise were to: (1) survey the fish and invertebrates in the pelagic environment of central California using a midwater-trawl and nightlight-blanket net gear, (2) obtain live sardines (Sardinops caeruleas) for sub- population studies, and (3) further evaluate the midwater-trawl as a sampling device for pelagic fish species. MIDWATER TRAWLING: Due to loss of gear, only 11 tows were made (all between — Point Reyes Farallon Is. 2B Vv ore Oh 6) ® ® Cualtmoon Bay San Francisco *) San Simeon Legend: \ ® - Midwater-trawl tow number. x - Anchovy nightlight station catch, V - Pacific herring nightlight catch. i — - Vessel track. Point Conception Shows operations of M/V Alaska Cruise 63-A -4 (June 12-July 1, 1963). COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1) Point Reyes and Halfmoon Bay). Operations were greatly hampered by extensive concen- trations of jellyfish. Tows were made in the upper 20 fathoms of water in areas where the bottom was at depths of 15 to 100 fathoms. All tows except one were made during day- light hours. Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi), medusa fish (Icichthys lockingtoni), postlarval Pacific tomcod (Microgadus proximus), jacksmelt (Atherinopsis californiensis), and king salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) comprised the bulk of the fish catch. Jellyfish were taken in large quantities on all tows and caused ex- tensive damage to the net on one occasion. Pacific herring were caught in the greatest quantities. They were taken in 6 of the 11 tows in quantities up to 400 fish. Sizes ranged from 53 to 180 millimeters (2.1 to 7.linches). Small medusa fish under 125 millimeters (4.9 inches) were present in 7 tows. King salmon were taken in 4 tows in catches rang- ing from 2 to 7 fish. They ranged from 87 to 572 millimeters (3.4 to 22.5 inches) standard length with most exceeding 300 millimeters (11.8 inches). Squid (Loligo opalescens) were taken in 3 tows on the more offshore stations. Complete trawl catches are shown in table. Trawl Catches by M/V Alaska, Cruise 63-A-4 Medusa -|Jack- fish 1/Indicates night tow. 'Other" includes California pompano (Palometa simillima), surf- smelt (Family osmeridae), rockfish (Family sco aenidae), e- lectric ray ( ts do californica), larval flatfish (Bothids and Pleuronectids) fal starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus). NIGHT LIGHT -BLANKET NET STATIONS: A total of 48 nightlight stations were occupi- ed--nearly half of them in Monterey Bay. Periods of adverse sea conditions reduced their efficiency from Santa Cruz southward. Almost the entire catch was comprised of anchovies (Engraulis mordax) and Pacific herring. Anchovies were taken on 8 stations and Pacific herring on 5. The number of successful anchovy stations, however, is not indicative of their distribution and density. In the 300 miles the vessel scouted, a total of 20 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 263 anchovy schools were observed, 200 of them between Santa Cruz and Halfmoon Bay. Nightlight stations were totally unsuccessful in that area. Anchovies were caught in widely scattered areas from Santa Cruz to Avila. Almostthe entire catch was made up of large adults ranging from 125 to 158 millimeters (4.9 to 6.2 inches). Predation by adult anchovies on postlarval anchovies was observed on two occasions. Adults measuring 125 to 150 millimeters (4.9 to 5.9 inches) standard length were seen feeding on postlarvae attracted to the night light. Stomach inspection of collected adults verified the observations. Almost the entire Pacific herring catch was taken between Point Reyes and Monterey. Large jacksmelt were present on many sta- tions and counted from 1 to 10. Squid ap- peared under the light in huge schools near Monterey Harbor. No sardines were caught or observed. In areas where both midwater trawling and nightlighting were conducted, the trawl was much more effective in collecting the pelagic species. With optimum conditions prevailing, nightlighting resulted in a single catch of Pacific herring in contrast to the variety and quantity taken by the trawl. If the trawl had been used over the entire cruise, it would have sampled the extensive anchovy concentrations missed by the night- light. Another evident advantage of the trawl is the wide range of weather conditions in which it can be operated. Weather conditions were excellent during the first week of the cruise, but the remain- der of the cruise was hampered by intermit- tent periods of bad weather. Sea surface temperatures ranged from 50° F. at Point Sur to 61.2° F. in Monterey Harbor. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, February 1963 p. 18. OK KOK OK ALBACORE TUNA MIGRATION STUDIES AND TAGGING: M/V "N.B. Scofield” Cruise 63-S-4-Al- bacore (May 23-June 21, 1963): Intercepting albacore tuna schools and collecting biolog- ical data was the mission of the California Department of Fish and Game research ves- sel N. B. Scofield during this cruise. The Vol. 25, No. 9 Legend: @ = - Albacore catch. — - Survey track. . San Francisco Cruise (63-S-4-Albacore) of the research vessel N.B. Scofield to study migrations and collect biological data related to albacore tuna. vessel operated in the high seas off California and northern Baja California between latitudes 28° and 36° N. and offshore to longitude 129930! W. The objectives of this cruise were to: (1) explore that offshore area prior to the com- mercial albacore tuna season in an attempt to intercept the leaders of the migration and determine the migration route of albacore schools approaching the Pacific Coast; (2) tag and release albacore; (3) investigate en- vironmental conditions relating to the occur- rence of albacore by collecting various phys - ical and biological data. Most of the 3,100-miles survey track was scouted during daylight hours using surface trolling gear. Four albacore were caught on June 5 about 780 miles west of Cape Colnett, Baja California (lat. 30°39.0' N.; long. 129°14.5' W.). This was the total albacore catch for the cruise. The fish were small, measuring 49.0 to 51.5 centimeters (19.3 to 20.3 inches) in length, and averaging less than six pounds each. All were caught in water of 64.2° F. surface temperature. Stomach contents of the untagged fish in- dicated recent feeding upon small squid and larval fish. Examination of scales revealed no annuli. One albacore was tagged with a spaghetti tag and released. A thermograph provided continuous re- cords of temperatures approximately six feet below the sea surface. Surface tempera- September 1963 tures also were obtained at intervals with a bucket thermometer. Sea surface tempera- tures encountered along the vessel track ranged from 57.2° F. (14.0° C.) to 65.49 F. (18.69 C.). Sea temperatures suitable for albacore were found throughout most of the survey area. A total of 81 bathythermograph (BT) casts to a depth of 450 feet were made at approxi- mately 40-mile intervals throughout the sur- vey. During the first half of the cruise they were read, coded, and forwarded to the Na- tional Oceanographic Data Center by way of Scripps radio WWD. Nansen bottle casts to 10-meter (about 33 feet) depths were made at bathythermo- graph stations. A water sample for salinity determination was obtained at 74 BT stations. Weather observations were recorded at 6-hour intervals throughout the cruise. These were forwarded to the U.S. Weather Bureau via Scripp's radio WWD. A night light station was occupied on 14 occasions while the vessel drifted on sea anchor. At every station, Pacific sauries (Cololabis saira) were observed in numbers from 4 or 5 small individuals to schools of several hundred fish. Four species of lan- ternfish (Myctophum affine, M. californiense, Tarletonbeania crenularis, Centrobranchus nigro-ocellatus) and juvenile jack mackerel (Trachurus syn symmetricus) were taken at many stations. Squid, amphipods, heterpods, and coelenterates also were netted. Some adult jack mackerel and immature blue shark (Prionace glauca) were caught on hook and line at offshore drift stations. Several spe- cies of rockfish (Sebastodes serriceps, S. flavidus and S. paucispinis), Pacific whitefish (Caulolatilus princeps), sharpnose sea perch (Phanerodon atripes), aa one mola (Mola mola) were caught while the vessel was an- chored on Cortez Bank. Daytime observations were logged fre- quently. The black-footed albatross (Diome- dea migripes) was the most common bird sighted offshore. One of them was netted, tagged, and released. On several occasions specimens of Beal's petrel (Oceanodroma leucorhoa), black petrel (Oceanodroma mel- ania), and Xantus's murrelet (Endomychura hypoleuca) flew aboard the vessel. Pilot EEE California sea lions, and porpoises also were observed on several occasions. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 21 Three Pacific bonito (Sarda chiliensis) were caught on trolling lines near Cortez Bankand one dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) was caught near the albacore-catch area. At sev- eral localities along the vessel track, con- centrations of the siphonophore (Velella lata) were observed, and large numbers of Japa- nese glass net floats were seen in many off- shore areas. KOK OK OK OK INVESTIGATION OF FISH LOSSES FROM DDT-TREATED IRRIGATION WATER: A two-phase study aimed at controlling conditions which led to fish kills during the spring of 1963 in sloughs north of Sacramento, Calif., has been started by the California De- partment of Fish and Game in cooperation with State agricultural agencies and rice farmers. It was thought that the fish losses were caused by the discharge of rice irriga- tion waters which had been treated with DDT. The tests have led to recommendations by the California Agricultural Extension Service that farmers hold DDT-treated water ontheir rice fields for five days before allowing it to flow into sloughs, drainage ditches, or other waters. The second phase of the study consists of a new series of tests to further investigate the DDT problem, as well as to explore the use of other chemicals for pest control on rice fields. Investigators hope to find a sub- stitute for DDT which will eliminate the prob- lem of possible residue buildup in wildlife. (California Department of Fish and Game, July 13, 1963.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1963 p. 21. Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations OCEAN CURRENT STUDIES IN CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC AIDED BY PARACHUTE DROGUES: M/V "Charles H. Gilbert” Cruise 66 (LANAAU TI) (June 7-23, 1963): A previously undescribed subsurface current feature of the North Pacific Ocean (which had been pre- dicted from prior station and bathythermo- graphic data) was confirmed by means of drogue studies and station data during this cruise. This new feature is associated with density gradients between the North Pacific Central and Equatorial water masses in the region 16° N. and 153930" W 22 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1963 BILLFISH TOURNAMENT JUNE 19-22 —— 8T SECTION—— OPERATIONAL AREA HYDROSECTION 155° | Fig. 1 - Charles H. Gilbert Cruise 66 (Lanaau Il) cruise track, June 7-23, 1963. The area of operations during this cruise by the Charles H. Gilbert, research vessel of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory at Honolulu, was along longitude 153°30!' W. between latitudes 22°00! and 15922'N. The specific missions under- taken were to: 1. Investigate the physical nature of the subsurface boundary between the North Pa- cific Central and Equatorial water masses. 2. Determine the current structure with- in the boundary zone by means of parachute drogues. 3. Conduct, weather permitting, experi- ments with current crosses to determine (a) the current shear within the mixed surface layer, and (b) the deflection of the surface current (upper 3m.) in relation to the pre- vailing winds. 4. Obtain simultaneous Carbon-14 prod- uctivity measurements for samples incubated on deck, in a light bath, and in situ. Nine hydrographic casts to 300 meters (984 feet) were made across the subsurface Vol. 25, No. 9 water mass boundary at intervals of 10 miles. The vertical sampling interval was determined from the character of the bathythermograph (BT) trace obtained prior to making eachcast. In addition to the hydrocasts, a six-bottle cast was made to 300 meters each day at noon. Those data have not yet been processed but the final result should be the most detailed section yet obtained through the subtropical thermocline. In addition to the hydrographic section, two BT sections were obtained. The first one was obtained on the southbound leg of the cruise, and was used to locate the anti- clinal structure of the isotherms which de- notes the presence of the subsurface water mass boundary. The second BT section was obtained concurrent with the hydrographic section. Figure 1 shows the vessel's cruise track and the location of the hydrographic section. A subsurface current moving northeast in the generally west-flowing North Pacific E- quatorial Current was measured by a para- chute drogue set at a depth of 350 feet. This depth coincides with the core layer of the subtropical salinity maximum. The net speed of the current after a 5-day drift period was on the order of 5 miles a day. Figure 2 shows the plot of the drift. The parachute apparently became detached during the second to the last day as evidenced by the strong westerly drift. That drogue was reset but the resulting drift was not definitive due to apparent malfunc- tioning of the opening device attached to the apex of the parachute. NOON 6/17/63 PICKED UP DROGUE C\ Bone ae vi ~ a \ ¥ Noon 6/16/63 0515 6/16/63 . RESET DROGUE ~~~ NOON 6/15/63 PARACHUTE LOST ' ! 1 ' 1 3 NOON 6/14/63 / / 4 Ad NOON 6/13 /63 a 4 NOON 6/12/63 ¢ _& NOON 6/11/63 | 1845 6/10/63 LAUNCHED DROGUE 153°30) Fig. 2 - Drift of parachute drogue set at a depth of 350 feet (June 10-17, 1963), Charles H. Gilbert Cruise 66. September 1963 In addition to the drogue observations, a set of direct current observations were ob- tained with an Ekman current meter. These data have not yet been corrected for the ves- sel's drift. It is hoped that from these data at least a relative profile of the current system can be obtained. Other than the Ekman current observations, no attempts were made to investigate the current shear within the mixed layer or the deflecting ef- fect of the wind due to the partial failure of the vessel's radar. Carbon-14 primary productivity measure- ments were obtained for comparison between samples incubated on deck and those incu- bated in situ. The in situ samples were sus- pended on a light nylon line attached to a free floating buoy. The results of this study are currently being analyzed by the Univer- sity of Hawaii's Botany Department. Other activities during the cruise were: 1. A total of 260 drift cards were re- leased. ; ,2. The thermograph was operated con- tinuously. No marked temperature fronts were encountered. 3. The barograph was operated continu- ously and standard marine weather observa- tions were recorded and transmitted four times daily. 4. A standard watch for bird flocks and fish schools was maintained during daylight hours. Only four bird flocks were sighted and those were all within close proximity of land. 5. Two standard lures were trolled dur- ing daylight hours. The total catch consisted of 6 dolphins (C. hippurus), 1 skipjack tuna, and 1 wahoo. 6. BT casts were made at 3-hour inter- vals throughout the cruise. A surface salin- ity sample was obtained at each cast. 7. From June 11 through June 17 the sea- surface temperature, wet-dry bulb temper- atures, and the atmospheric pressure were recorded at hourly intervals. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1963 p. 21. OK KK OK COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 23 SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF YOUNG ALBACORE TUNA DETERMINED BY STUDY OF PREDATORS! STOMACHS: As part of the albacore ecology program, the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory at Honolulu, Hawaii, has been regularly examining the stomach contents of large pelagic fish landed at the Honolulu fresh fish market, and those taken on cruises of the Laboratory's research ves- sel, the Charles H. Gilbert. A major purpose of the observations is to monitor the occur- rence of juvenile tuna, particularly juvenile albacore. It has been shown that such large predatory fish as the marlins provide one of the best available sources of juvenile tuna specimens. The fresh fish markets in Honolulu are supplied by a fleet of tuna long-line boats and provide a continuous source of material for the study. It is possible, therefore, to obtain an idea of the seasonal occurrence and abun- dance of juvenile tuna around Hawaii by ex- amining the stomachs of the large predatory fish that are landed at the markets through- out the year. Since the inception of the Lab- oratory's sampling program, a full year's data have been collected. Although the num- ber of juvenile albacore found to date is small, there are already some interesting indications. The five juvenile albacore that have been collected were taken from predators landed at the local markets during the months of August-November. These findings corrob- orate the results of previous studies of alba- core spawning based on gonad condition, which indicated that albacore spawn around Hawaii during the summer. Those specimens and several other juve- nile albacore found in the stomachs of pred- ators caught elsewhere in the Pacific Ocean have made it possible to describe the devel- opment of certain morphological features of the skeleton of albacore. For example, the angle that the rear edge of the skull makes with the line of the vertebral column is small in adult albacore, but it has been found that this angle is much greater in juveniles and gradually changes as the fish approach adult- hood. The examination of the stomachs of pred- ators is a continuing program. As more juveniles are recorded, other facets of the biology of the albacore will be explained, in- cluding growth during the early stages of its life. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1963 p. 22. deed 24 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Federal Purchases of Fishery Products DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PURCHASES, JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1963: Fresh and Frozen: For the use of the Armed Forces under the Department of De- fense, less fresh and frozen fishery products were bought in February 1963 by the Defense Subsistence Supply Centers than in the pre- vious month. The decline was 6.0 percent in quantity and 30.9 percent in value. The purchase of 737,817 pounds of shrimp in January 1963 resulted in an exceptionally high average price of 74.0 cents per pound for purchases in that month. Purchases in February 1963 had an average value of 54.4 cents per pound, and included 394,526 pounds of shrimp, 323,092 pounds of ocean perch fillets, 285,920 pounds of flounder fillets, 245,000 pounds of scallops, 233,040 pounds of haddock fillets, and 147,515 pounds ofhal- ibut. The February 1963 purchases also in- cluded considerable quantities of cod fillets, oysters, clams, sole fillets, and salmon. Table 1 - Fresh and Frozen Fishery Products Purchased by Defense Subsistence Supply Centers, February 1963 with Comparisons QUANTITY | VALUE i963 | 1962 || 1963 | Compared with the same month a year earlier, purchases in February 1963 were up 80.3 percent in quantity and 34.5 percent in value. During the first 2 months of 1963, purchases were up 42.7 percent in quantity and 46.0 percent in value from those in the same period of 1962. Canned: Canned sardines were the prin- cipal canned fishery product purchased for Table 2 - Canned Fishery Products Purchased by Defense Subsistence Supply Centers, February 1963 with Comparisons QUANTITY | RENEE ALOE | | February | Jan.-Feb. || February | Jan.-Feb. | | 1963 | 1962 | 1963 | 1962 |[1963 | 1962 | 1963 | aieiawel (5 O00 Lbs=)rebass 0 10 43,113 use of the Armed Forces in both January and February 1963. Purchases of the three principal canned fishery products (tuna, salmon, and sardines) during the first 2 months of 1963 were far below those in the same period of 1962. But in January 1962, the purchases of the Armed Forces Satisfied Vol. 25, No. 9 a large part of their canned tuna require- ments for the entire year. Notes: (1) Armed Forces installations generally make some local purchases not included in the data given; actual total purchases are higher than indicated because local purchases are not obtain- able. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1963 p. 23. XK OK OK OK REVISED FEDERAL SPECIFICATION FOR CANNED SHRIMP PROPOSED: A revised Interim Federal Specification for canned shrimp, to be used for all Federal procurement and purchasing programs, was requested by the General Services Adminis - tration. It is being prepared by the U.S. Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries. The proposed specification revision, which was prepared by the Bureau's Technological Laboratory at Gloucester, Mass., has been mailed to industry and other individuals con- cerned. The Bureau has requested that rec- ommendations for changes be submitted to the Technological Laboratory, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Gloucester, Mass., by September 11, 1963. Copies of the pro- posed Revised Specification (PP-S-00311b) may be obtained from the Gloucester Labor=- atory. <7aah0 See Fisheries Laboratory NEW MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY FOR BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES BEING BUILT IN CALIFORNIA: Ground was broken at La Jolla, Calif., on June 8, 1963, for a new Biological Laboratory to be built for the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. When completed, the laboratory will be the U.S. Department of the Interior's major oceanographic -fishery research facil- ity on the West Coast. It is scheduled for completion in about 15 months and will house a staff of some 200 Federal, State, and Uni- versity of California research workers, as well as outside industry people. The labora- tory will be under the direction of Dr. E.H. Ahlstrom. The new facility will consist of a four- building complex with 65,000 feet of labora- tory and office space, and will be built ona 2.4-acre tract on the University of California San Diego campus. September 1963 Architect's model of new BCF laboratory building at La Jolla, California. The principal speaker at the groundbreak- ing ceremony was Under Secretary of the Interior James K. Carr, who said, ''The new marine laboratory at La Jolla is a symbol of what we expect and need to accomplish in oceanography in all the fishery research centers of the Nation.'’ Other dignitaries present were Senator Clair Engle (Calif.), and Commissioner Clarence F. Pautzke of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (National Oceanographic Data Center Newsletter, June 30, 1963.) Fish Oils FLAVOR CHANGE INDICATED DURING OXIDATION OF MENHADEN OIL FRACTIONS: Recent workon a project concerning flavor change in pure oxidizing fish oils, included a study of the difference in flavor progres- sion in oxidizing fractions of menhaden oil using fractions of differing degrees of un- saturation. This work is being conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Technological Laboratory at Seattle, Wash. Menhaden oil fatty acid esters were frac- tionated into four equal fractions in the mo- lecular still. An additional refining step was necessary to give a satisfactory flavor. The initial flavor of the three most unsaturated fractions was a very small "green" flavor reminiscent of new-mown grass. The fraction having the lowest iodine num- ber had a burnt fish meal-type flavor ob- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 25 served before in whole oil. It is not known at this time if this burnt flavor is that from saturated fatty acid components or other com- pounds distilled over in the same boiling range. It has also been noted that all three of ithe most unsaturated fractions pass through a "cod-liver oil'' type ''fishiness"' before de- veloping characteristic rancidity. This is not in accord with the jhypothesis formerly held that this type of ''fishiness'' might be associated with the unique fish oil acids-- those with the highest degree of unsaturation-- in which case fraction four (the most unsat- urated of the fractions) would have the most if not all of this type of ''fishiness"' during oxidation. Work on oxidation of menhaden oil fractions is being continued. Great Lakes Fisheries Exploration and Gear Research RESULTS OF TRAWLING EXPLORATIONS IN NORTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN: M/V “Cisco” Cruise 12 (July 2-15, 1963): Intensive trawl fishing explorations were con- ducted in Green Bay and northern Lake Mich- igan during this 2-week cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research vessel Cisco. Primary objectives were to: (1) determine the geographic and depth dis- tribution and the abundance of various fish stocks, (2) define areas suitable for otter- trawl-type fishing, and (3) assess the effec- tiveness of commercial-type otter trawls for catching abundant species such as alewife, smelt, and bloater chubs. The areas explored will be revisited periodically for some time in order to follow seasonal fluctuations in the distribution of fish and their availability to otter trawls. In order to expedite and economize com- mercial fisheries research activities going on concurrently in Lake Erie and Lake Mich- igan, the Bureau's research vessels Cisco and Kaho exchanged duties during this cruise period. While the Cisco was used for trawl explorations in Green Bay and northern Lake Michigan, the Kaho was used for environ- mental research in Lake Erie. Noteworthy features of Cruise 12 include the virtually straight-alewife catches taken in Green Bay, the generous amount of obstruc- tion-free trawlable grounds located in both 26 - Manistique g y Sturgeon Bay ayn! ny Legend: — -Trawl drag. + - Snag - net damage. ® - Fouled in mud bank, Area covered by M/V Cisco during Cruise 12 (July 2-15, 1963). Green Bay and northern Lake Michigan, and the total (or near total) absence of yellow perch, whitefish, and yellow pike from trawl catches throughout the cruise. Those find- ings may prove to be important in advancing the development of methods for utilizing alewife which have become extremely abun- dant in recent years, and often a nuisance in Lake Michigan and connecting waters. Like the predatory sea lamprey, the alewife is another Great Lakes invader from the Atlan- tic Ocean. Green Bay pound-net fishermen at Cedar River and Menominee have produced several million pounds of alewife for animal food markets in the past year or two. Pound-net fishing is effective, however, only when fish are in relatively shallow inshore waters. Trawling could make it possible to follow alewife into deeper waters and extend the producing season from the present few weeks to as long as 9 or 10 months. Commercial trawlers have accomplished this objective in southern Lake Michigan since 1959. Suchan extension of the production period provides COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 9 a considerable advantage in handling and storing the catch for supplying processors who operate at a sustained level throughout the year. The Bureau has conducted trawl fishing investigations with chartered commercial fishing vessels and its exploratory fishing vessel Kaho in Lake Michigan since 1960. The biological research vessel Cisco has used trawls for sampling Great Lakes fish populations since 1954. The assessment of the trawl method of commercial fishing in northern Lake Michigan was initiated in April 1963; all prior work had been confined to waters below Ludington, Mich., and Algoma, Wis. Working closely with State fisheries agen- cies in Michigan and Wisconsin, the Bureau has been instrumental in establishing a trawl fishery in southern Lake Michigan which has produced from 7.0 to 8.7 million pounds of fish during each of the last three years. The trawl catch amounted to about 34 percent of able 1 - Summary of Production Rate and Species Composition of| Trawl Catches from Green Bay during M/V Cisco Cruise 12 Nearest 5-Fathom Catch Rate in Catch Composition Depth Pounds Per Drag Increment | Drags | Range |Average| Species Green Bay --Chambers Island and South Alewife 98, Smelt 0. Yellow perch 0. Other oO. Alewife CB Smelt Yellow perch Other Alewife Smelt Yellow perch Other CORTIWoOo Alewife Smelt Yellow perch Other Alewife Smelt Yellow perch Other Alewife Smelt Yellow perch Other Alewife Smelt Yellow perch Other wo Other drags made in this depth; one encountered snag and tore up. The trawl gear malfunctioned during the other drag. 2/One other drag was halted; gear fouled in mud bank, September 1963 the total Lake Michigan commercial fish production in 1961. At certain times of the year, trawlers catch as much as 9 tons of alewife in a single drag lasting only 10 to 30 minutes. State fisheries agencies and the Bureau keep commercial trawl operations under careful surveillance in order to follow the effects of trawling on species other than alewife and bloater chubs which are plentiful. So far, other species (mostly large chubs) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 27 have made up less than 10 percent of the an- nual Lake Michigan trawl catch. FISHING RESULTS: A total of 57 drags was made with a standard 52-foot (headrope) Gulf of Mexico-type semiballoon fish trawl. All drags lasted 30 minutes except for three, which were terminated when the net became fouled on bottom obstructions. Resulting gear damage was minor. Bottom conditions Table 2 - Total Weight (in Pounds and Species Composition) of 30-Minute Trawl Catches at Trawling Stations off Sturgeon Bay, Wis., and Arcadia and Manistique, Mich., during M/V Cisco Cruise 12 Nearest 5-Fathom Species Depth i (Percentage of Catch) 1/4 -(100) 2/B-( 0) 1 =) 10) O-( 0) A 5) B-( a 38 ent 3/64 19) A-( 2) B-( 53) C-( 44) or) 1/A-Alewife, B-Bloater chub, C-Large chub, O-Other species. 2/(O) = less than one percent, 3/All smelt, 4/---- Suitable trawling areas but not fished this cruise. All freshwater sculpin. 16/Snag - tore net. (7/One other drag resulted in a "water haul" caused by a strong current. Species (Percentage of Catch) (Percentage of Catch) 69 C-(30) 150 225 115 C-(20) 5/0-(10) A-( 0) B -(42) 12 c-(0 5/5458) 28 and vertical distribution of fish were deter- mined with a high-resolution white-line-type depth-sounder recorder. Using an hourly catch rate of 500 pounds or more as a basis for indicating a potential for profitable commercial trawl fishing, good results were obtained in Green Bay itself, and in Lake Michigan proper off Arcadia, Mich. Catches were virtually alewife only at all depths fished in Green Bay, while bloat- er chub (at depths of 15 to 50 fathoms) and freshwater sculpin (at depths of 60 to 80 fathoms) dominated catches in the open lake. Although catches were relatively small off Sturgeon Bay, Wis., and Manistique, Mich., the bottom was found suitable for trawling and it is presumed that trawl fishing will be better in those areas at other times. Commercially significant catches of ale- wife were taken in Green Bay only (table 1). Three drags at depths between 3 and 8 fath- oms in the southern half of the Bay produced 390, 530, and 620 pounds. Seven drags in the northern half of the Bay, at depths from 3 to 16 fathoms, produced catches ranging from 290 to 860 pounds and averaging 438 pounds of alewife per drag. Lake Michigan proper (table 2) yielded commercially significant catches off Arcadia, Mich., only, where bloater chub catches of 223, 225, and 340 pounds per drag were taken at depths of 20, 35, and 30 fathoms, respectively. Large chub made up 24 to 33 percent of those catches. Best catches off Sturgeon Bay were 90 pounds of chub at 35 fathoms and 200 pounds of freshwater sculpin at 80 fathoms. Best catches off Manistique were 90 pounds of alewife, 90 pounds of smelt, and 103 pounds of chub at 10, 15, and 50 fathoms, respectively. In Green Bay, species other than alewife were taken as follows: No. of Drags Species Yielding 3 Size of Catch up to 3 pounds up to 2 pounds less than 1 pound 1 individual/drag less than 1 pound 5 to 84 pounds 5 to 20 pounds up to 3 pounds up to 3 pounds UNwhe uh In Lake Michigan proper, species other than chubs appeared in catches as follows: COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 9 ae ee pecies Yielding Size of Catch 90-pound catch FEES V2 poco Lar cls ERMAN eee up to 12 pounds except 3 saa catches of 32, 64 eal 200 lbs. up to 16 pounds except one 90-pound catch less than 1 pound BIOLOGICAL DATA COLLECTED: Co- operating scientists from the Bureau's Divi- sion of Biological Research aboard the Cisco during the Green Bay portion of the cruise collected length, weight, sex, and state-of- maturation data of alewife and smelt. Scale samples were taken from alewife for age and growth studies. WATER TEMPERATURES: Bathythermo- graph recordings revealed a high degree of stratification throughout the areas investi- gated. Surface temperatures ranged from 56° F. to 74° F. in Green Bay and from 56°F. to 60° F. in open Lake Michigan waters. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1963 p. 23. ab . Great Lakes Fishery Investigations. WESTERN LAKE SUPERIOR FISHERY SURVEY CONTINUED: M/V “Siscowet Cruise 3 (June 24-July 3, 1963): Studies of the abundance and distribu- tion of juvenile lake trout in western Lake Superior were continued during this cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research vessel Siscowet. Particular em- phasis was given to bottom trawling in out- lying waters, where small lake trout are less abundant than in areas near the planting sites. The average number of juvenile lake trout caught in each 15-minute trawl tow at stations located 10 miles or more from the nearest planting site varied from nothing to 3.5. At distances of 5 miles or less the catch ranged from 10 to 23 per tow. Of 246 juvenile lake trout taken in trawls during the cruise, a total of 244 (99.2 percent) were hatchery-reared. Most were taken at depths of 20-25 fathoms. Experimental gill nets (2 nets each of six mesh sizes, from 2 to 33 inches), set at 25- 28 fathoms east of Madeline Island and south of Stockton Island, yielded 107 small lake trout of which 102 (95.3 percent) were fin- clipped. All of the fin-clipped lake trout September 1963 caught during the cruise had been planted in the Bayfield region. Other species commonly taken in the trawls and gill nets were smelt, chub (bloat- er), and sticklebacks. One 15-minute trawl tow at 15 fathoms yielded 52 yearling core- gonines (whitefish). Large-mesh plankton nets towed at 1 to 18 fathoms below the surface took 22 larval fish, among which were coregonines, smelt, trout-perch, and sculpin. Surface water temperatures during this cruise ranged from 45.9° F. in Pikes Bay to 66.9° F. east of Madeline Island. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1963 p. 28. * KOK KOK ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS IN APOSTLE ISLANDS AREA OF LAKE SUPERIOR STUDIED: M/V “Siscowet" Cruise 4 (July 15-24, 1963): Midsummer environmental conditions were studied at three limnological stations in the Apostle Islands region of Lake Superi- or on this cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries research vessel Siscowet. The limnological collections included water samples, bottom and plankton samples, rec- ords of water temperature, and Secchi-disc readings. Surface water temperatures reached 69.39 F. among the islands but in the open lake the water temperature was 57.9° F. Plankton appeared to be more abun- dant in the warmer waters of the island re- gion. Experimental gill nets (two nets each of six mesh sizes, from 23 to 33 inches) were fished at 15-27 fathoms at Presque Isle Bay, Punky Bay, and just east of Madeline Island to establish a catch-per-unit-effort index for lake trout which can be used to measure the relative abundance of naturally-produced and hatchery-reared lake trout in future years. The total catch from twelve 2-night sets (43,000 feet of gill nets) was 333 lake trout (ranged from 8.6 to 27.0 inches long) of which 313 (94 percent) were fin-clipped. Most of the lake trout were re-marked by removal of the analfinand returned alive tothe water. The lake trout planted at Bayfield in 1960-61 were most common among the fin- clipped fish. Other species taken in the gill COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 29 nets (in order of frequency) were smelt, bloater chub, lake herring, whitefish, and longnose suckers. Gulf Fishery Investigations SHRIMP DISTRIBUTION STUDIES: M/V “Gus II" Cruise GUS-7 (July 10-17, cially good in 3 of the 8 statistical areas covered during this cruise by the chartered research vessel Gus III, operated by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory at Galveston, Tex. This cruise off the Louisiana and Texas coasts is part of a shrimp distribution study in the Gulf of Mexico. More brown shrimp (mostly small) were caught in the 10-20 fathom depth than other depth ranges. White shrimp catches from most areas were 15-20 count and were best at stations nearer shore. One 3-hour tow with a 45-foot shrimp trawl was made in each of the 3 depth ranges in all areas. ena 96 94° 92° 30° ee 2et~. : OF MEXICO T ° T To 94) 96' 92' 90° 88" Shows the station pattern for the shrimp distribution studies in the Gulf of Mexico during Cruise 7 of Gus II. Areas 14 and 20 yielded the best catches of brown shrimp, mostly 31-40 count from 10-20 fathoms. The yield of large brown shrimp (15-20 count) from those areas was small, but with a relatively good catch of 23 pounds of 15-20 white shrimp from 0-10 fathoms in area 20. Area 13 yielded a total of 48 pounds of brown shrimp about evenly distributed among the 3 depth ranges, and 2 pounds of 15-20 count white shrimp. 30 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW A total catch of 51 pounds from Area 18 included 40 pounds of small brown shrimp, mostly from 0-10 fathoms. The remainder was large white shrimp (15-20 count) from that same depth. Large white shrimp (15-20) were present in catches from all areas but one. The per- centage of white shrimp taken from those areas ranged from 22 to 60 percent of the total catch per area, with the higher white shrimp ratio from Areas 16 and 19. Notes: (1) Shrimp catches are heads-on weight; shrimp sizes are the number of heads-off shrimp per pound. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1963 p. 29. Hawaii SKIPJACK TUNA LANDINGS, JANUARY-JUNE 1963: Skipjack tuna landings in Hawaii during June 1963 were about 1 million pounds, or 755,000 pounds below the 1948-62 average for the month. This June there were 128 productive vessel trips. Individual catches ranged from 180 pounds to 23,920 pounds. Oahu-based vessels landed 61.5 percent of the catch; vessels from the Island of Hawaii produced 19.2 percent; and Maui vessels took most of the remainder. Total estimated Hawaiian skipjack tuna landings in January-June 1963 amounted to 2,750,000 pounds, which was 1,395,000 pounds below the average January-June landings dur- ing 1948-1962. Industrial Fishery Products U.S. FISH MEAL AND SOLUBLES: Production and [mports, January-June 1963: Based on domestic production and imports, the United States available supply of fish meal for January-June 1963 amounted to 272,090 short tons--9,368 tons (or 3.6 percent) more than during the same period in 1962, Domestic production was 31,680 tons (or 26.0 percent) less, but imports were 41,048 tons (or 29,1 percent) higher than in the same period in 1962, Peru continued to lead other countries with shipments of 136,051 tons. The United States supply of fish solubles (including ho- mogenized fish) during January-June 1963 amounted to 42,923 tons--a decrease of 12,845 tons as compared with the same period in 1962. Domestic production and imports dropped 21.4 percent and 43.1 percent, respectively, Vol. 25, No. 9 U.S. Supply of Fish Meal and Solubles, January -June 1963 with Comparisons Total 1962 ee) © (Short ‘Tons))e)2uers Fish Meal and Scrap: Domestic Production: Menhaden. 2... oe Tuna and mackerel . Elerringsrelenejiclieiione Othersie cist! ole s16 Canada, ..s cc ww wc ew HG io Goo oOo moO OOO Chile . So, Africa Republic ... Other countries... +... Fish Solubles: Domestic production2/ Im : Terenas tee TcelandGfenevevelien stele Other countries . . « « Total imiports).02 . 6 ls ss 4,290 Available fish solubles supply. . ? 42,923] 55,768] 130, 642 T/Preliminary. 2/50-percent solids. Includes production of homogenized condensed fish. KOK OK KOK U.S. FISH MEAL, OIL, AND SOLUBLES: roduction, July 63: reliminary data on U.S. production of fish meal, oil, and sol- . > 353 Seen Tet Fish pumps are used to carry fish from the hold of the vessel into the reduction plant. From the dewatering sieve, a Moss Point, Miss. , plant uses a "quarter box, '' which measures the quantity of fish by volume rather than by weight. ubles for July 1963 as collected by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and sub- mitted to the International Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers are shown in the table. September 1963 U.S. Production!/ of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles, July 1963 (Preliminary) with Comparisons omeg - Oil Solubles | enized2 Short 1,000 Short Short Tons Pounds Tons Tons July 1963: 15,238 2,531 east 292 De Jan. -July 196 Total. .... an.-July 1962 ? Total. . oe 177, 438 143,294 65, 694 8,020 1/Does not include crab meal, shrimp meal, and liver oils. 2/Includes Hawaii, American Samoa, and Puerto Rico. 3/Includes condensed fish. INote: Beginning with March 1963 fish oil is shown in pounds in- stead of gallons. Conversionfactor, 7.75 pounds equal 1 gallon. KOR KOK OK Production, June 1963: During June 1965, 34,500 tons of fish meal and 27.6 million pounds of oil were produced inthe United States. Compared with June 1962, this was a decrease of 26,671 tons or 44 percent in meal and scrap production, and a de- crease of approximately 27.3 million pounds or 50 percent in oil. Menhaden meal showed a decrease of 24,421 tons or 46 percent, while menhaden oil (26.3 million pounds) was 50 per- cent less than in June 1962, A total of 13,587 tons of fish solubles was manufactured in June 1963--a decrease of 37 percent compared with the same month in 1962, Production of homogenized condensed fish amounted to 1,341 tons--a decrease of 1,829 tons or 58 percent, The quantity of fish meal processed during the first 6 months of 1963 amounted to 90,156 tons--31,680 tons less than in the same period of the previous year, Fish solubles and homogenized fish production totaled 53,366 tons-~an in- crease of 1,888 tons. Production of marine-animal oil amounted to 69.8 million pounds-~a decrease of 25.8 mil- lion pounds, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 31 Major Indicators for U.S. Supply, June 1963: United States production of fish meal in June 1963 was lower by 36.7 percent, as compared with June 1962. Fish oil and fish solubles production also decreased by 48.8 percent and 33.8 percent, respectively. Major Indicators for U.S. Supply of Fish Meal, Solubles, and Oil, June 1963 1963 | 1962 1961 [ 1960 | 1959 shea) efensepey (SHOLt EL ONS)Evensue lage = Item and Period Fish Meal: Production 1/: AU EUS tre RSE elie cs 38,955] 57,031| 49,709] 47,364 JUL Me ne | oes 52,574] 62,586] 55,696] 52,132 June .........|- 36,982] 58,397| 53,162| 44,293| 52,006 January-May....| 55,656| 55,748] 55,978] 46,646] 39,467 Jan,-~Dec. prelim. total sta)/mensuetene S. 288,336) 289,039/257,969|275,396 Jan.~Dec. final tot.| 310,000} 311,265]290,137| 306,551 lee: all 1F Imports: AUgistteatsetie sien = 28,253] 19,026] 8,340 July epee ey he Oke || | Be 25,857| 18,710] 13,131 Ture le usuewewr enue meen 26,453] 19,317| 11,178) January~May... .|163,482|114,433| 88,146] 55,197 January~ December 2 == =. 252,307/217,845 131,561 Fish Solubles: Production 3/: (AUS US tH a tecatenebe = 15,833) 19,603) 16,891 JULY ieNenetisteeietenshe o 22,165) 21,870] 20,208 {June ......... 16,109} 24,350) 17,821] 19,549 January~ May... .| 26,373] 24,886] 20,132] 19,742 Jan.~Dec, prelim, total Seamer stots dsee = 120,063] 109,018|106,361 Jan.~Dec. fin, tots.| o 124,334/112,241) 98,929 Imports: TAUBUSTHA. ce tetene se = 422 318 180 Welly femeuehel et elietsies =. 306 708 96 UME Mietistletietleateliawre cI 872] 207 149 January~May....| 2,116) 3,418 ma 2,369 January~December 7 6,308 6,739 3,174 1 taepenses eons (1,000) Pounds) i9/ci snc. teers Table 1 - U, S, Production of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles, June 19631/with Comparisons June JE Jan,~June Product 1/1963 1962 | 1/1963 1962 1962 eee eee eee (Short Tons)..........4- {Fish Meal and Scrap: Herring (000 eee ee eee een ee 278 795 428 1,141 5,095 Menhaden 3/ .. 0. e ee ccc ences 29,147 | 53,568 68,528 | 89,772 | 238,680} Sardine; Pacific. 20 cicte cvs ew nee = 3 9 648 702 Tuna and mackerel ..........00 939 2,837 10,369 14,968 26,559 Unclassified! rae ciels.cleje re ctcbece snerets 4,136 | 3,971 10,822 | 15,307 27,297 Total, viele se © eyeisteleie seis oes vive 34,500 | 61,171 90,156 |121,836 298,333) phellfish, marine-animal meal and scrap . 4l 4l Al ‘4 12,899) + = = Grand total meal and gcrap....... Al 4/ Al 4] 311,232 +— = Fish solubles: Menhadenyiteperesstarens cisivoncdet tents 12,018 | 18,734| 28,573 | 30,275 84,885) Other 2... eee ee ee eee eee eee 1,569 2,842 8,070 | 14,383 28,353} Dota revedebelejelelejslasbicielsleseioqerece 13,587 | 21,576 36,643 44,658 113,238) omogenized condensed fish ......... 1,341 3,170 3,841 6,820 11,096 + amalatener aleiepetene (1,000 Pounds)........... 1, body: EOP Ton OCOD UUO ODD UDO OOODOO 2/ 831 2/ 885 5,255) Menhaden 3... +] 26,316 | 52,413 64,447 | 88,290 | 237,815] Sardine, Pacific ... ES & o 148 167] Tuna and mackerel, . 269 437 1,664 2,172 5,175 Other (including whale)............ 1,042 | 1,243 3,677 | 4,109 7,396) Totalloilivesccclerecutchavebar cake eles 27,627 | 54,924| 69,788 1 95,604 | 255,808 1/ Preliminary data, included in "other" or "unclamified." |5/Includes a mall quantity of thread herring. J4/Not available ona monthly basis. te: Beginning with February 1963, fish oll ls chown in pounds instead of gallons. Conversion factor, 7.75 pounds equal 1 gallon. | 3 OK OK OK OK Fish Oils: Production: AUBZUSt resjers we = 33,526) 50,749) 38,052 JULY Zemorieirohoretiemer ors z 46,608} 58,533] 41,362 June_.........| 27,432] 53,565} 48,794) 36,207 | _January~May....| 41,166} 39,299) 38,504) 16,894 Jan.~Dec. prelim, totals 4) i isnesists E 257,131] 259,400|206,848/189,240 Jan.~Dec., final tot. = 255,808] 266,670) 215,861/193,324 : il Exports: August. ....s06 - 33,272) 13,304) 1,395 CHO 6-0-o50- O01. x 128} 4,421] 40,603 | June oe ce eee = 4,922) 21,036) 14,360 January~May.... o7,551t pai08d 47,092] 37,191 29 Jan.~Dec, totals . = 123,050]122,486/143,659/144,481 1/Does not include crab meat, shrimp, and misc. meals. 2/Preliminary data computed from monthly data. Fish meal production reported cur- rently comprised 90 percent for 1959, 89 percent for 1960, 93 percent for 1961 and 1962. 3/Includes homogenized fish. 4/Preliminary data computed from monthly data. Represents over 95 percent of the total production. 5/Beginning with March 1963 fish oil is shown in pounds instead of gallons. Conversion factor, 7.75 pounds equal 1 gallon. Joa] Note: Data for 1963 are preliminary. — OK OK OK OK FISH MEAL IS A RELIABLE SOURCE OF TRACE MINERALS: When comparisons are made between nu- tritional values of fish meal and other protein 32 concentrates, the trace minerals are not al- ways taken into consideration. The value of such trace minerals should not be ignored. The reasons are given in the paper "Nutri- ent Composition and Evaluation_of British Columbia Whole Herring Meal''L/: "Today there is a tendency in formu- lating poultry feeds to use fewer and fewer major ingredients in any given ration. For example, in a corn-soya broiler ration as much as 90 percent of the total ration may consist of cornand soyabean oil meal alone. With this type of ration there is an increased possi- bility of encountering deficiencies of trace minerals as compared with the situation some years ago when rations were composed of a much greater va- riety of natural feedstuffs such as oats, bran and wheat middlings. In the latter case there was a probability that the grains and grain by-products came from different areas and there was ac- cordingly little likelihood of soil de- ficiencies in any particular area ad- versely influencing the mineral com- position of the ration as a whole." Fish meal can be relied upon to supply a variety of valuable minerals, including trace minerals, as shown in the table. Mineral Content of Menhaden Meals— (Mean of 6 Meals) TO: Manganese i 1/Snyder, D. G., L. E. Ousterhout, and others. "The Evaluation of the Nutritive Content of Fish Meals by Chemical Methods. "' Poultry Science XLI, 1736, 1962. The table includes information not only on the minerals usually reported upon but also on some minerals upon which little or no information has been available. According to a group of Norwegian work- ers,2/ in fish meal "the high content of some minerals, especially. . . (calcium, phospho- rus, sodium, chlorine, and iodine). . . may be an asset, especially in supplementing poor rations" for cattle. Fish meal, the only protein concentrate available in Norway dur- ing World War II, gave excellent results COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 9 when used with the otherwise poor feedstuffs available for cattle at that time, and it appears that one reason for the excellence of those results was the presence of trace minerals in the meal. As a source of trace minerals in mixed feeds for poultry and swine, fish meal is not only economical but dependable as well. 1/March, B.E.; J. Biely; H.L. A. Tarr, 1963. J. Fish Res. Bd. Canada, 20 (1), p. 229. 2/Ekern, A.T., T. Homb, and others, "Fish and Fishery Products in Ruminant Nutrition, " Fish in Nutrition, 1962, p. 324, pub- lished by Fishing News Ltd., London, England. Kk KOK OK OBSERVATIONS ON USE OF FISH MEAL AND OIL IN ANIMAL NUTRITION: Mixed feed producers in several southern States and sci- entists at State Experiment Stations in Florida, Louisiana, and Mississippi, and the Tennessee Experiment Station at Knoxville were visited around mid-June 1963 by an animal nutritionist of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Technical Advisory Unit, These are some of his observa- tions: The level of fish meal used in broiler and growing layer- type chick rations in the areas visited appears to be around 3 percent (a level perhaps somewhat higher than the mean level fed in the United States as a whole). A professor at the Florida Experiment Station said that on his recent visit to Peru, he had seen pigs that had been fed mainly fish meal rather than grain supplemented by fish meal and other feed ingredients. He stated that the Peruvi- ans are finding that swine grow very rapidly on such a ration, The pork produced by the fish meal-fed pigs is made into a highly flavored sausage which is very popular in South Amer- ica, Some of the research now in progress at the State Experi- ment Stations visited may eventually have a bearing on utili- zation levels of fish products, For example, recent tests showed that chicks that had received 2 and 4 times the levels of vitamin D presently recommended by nutrition authorities grew faster than those limited to the recommended level, If those tests are confirmed, this may be of importance to the fish-reduction industry because menhaden oil and some other fish oils contain vitamin D at relatively high levels. Other work has shown that protein hydrolysates, such as steam- treated feathers, stimulate ruminant growth. Additional find- ings resulting from those investigations may demonstrate heretofore unsuspected values of some animal proteins, in- cluding those of fish in animal nutrition. Investigations in progress at one of.the southern, experi- ment stations are demonstrating the existence of an interac- tion between the levels of ingested protein and energy and rates of growth. Such studies, presumably pointing the way to greater economy in feeding, may result in increased effi- ciency in the utilization of fish meal and other protein concen- trates. To control feed intake of cattle with a minimum of labor, animals at one station were fed concentrate rations that were 12 to 14 percent stabilized fat. This high fat level prevented the cattle from eating more feed than the optimum intake each day even though they had free access to the feed. The need for daily hand feeding was therefore eliminated. In addition, an investigation is in progress at that same station to deter- mine the extent to which fat in the feed limits microbiological activity in the rumen and prevents loss of energy in rumen gases. Both lines of investigation may lead to information September 1963 that could pave the way for some utilization of marine oils in ruminant feeding. An investigation at the Tennessee Experiment Station on the feeding of menhaden oil to growing cattle has been completed, The investigation demonstrated that young cattle can consume rations containing up to 7.5 percent menhaden oil without exhibiting either a decrease in rate of feed con- sumption or symptons of indigestion. Irradiation Preservation NEW METHOD OF ASSESSING FRESH FISH QUALITY STUDIED: The need for a rapid determination of fresh fish quality has been accentuated by the studies on preservation of fishery prod- ucts by use of ionizing radiation. This work is being done at the U.S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries Technological! Laboratory at Seattle, Wash. That Laboratory has found that the measurement of hypoxanthine infish may help fulfill that need. In three species of fish it was found that the hypoxanthine values are very nearly zero in freshly-killed fish and that the hypoxanthine content accu- mulates at a fairly uniform rate in fish held at melting-ice temperatures. Hypoxanthine can be determined rapidly and easily by spectrophotometry. % OK OK OK EXPERIMENTS ON MICROWAVE PASTEURIZATION OF CRAB MEAT PROMISING: To determine the feasibility of pasteuri- zing blue crab meat with high frequency mi- crowaves, preliminary experiments were conducted during the summer of 1962 at the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Tech- nological Laboratory, Gloucester, Mass. Re- sults of the initial experiments were encour- aging. Total bacteria plate counts showed a reduction from 5.4 million per gram to 8,500 per gram in the microwave pasteurized sample and from 5.4 million per gram to 250 per gram ina hot-water pasteurized sample. The results of taste tests showed a slight preference for the microwave pasteurized sample. To heat the crab meat samples, to an internal pasteurization temperature of 170° F. with microwaves, required approxi- mately two minutes. This was a short heat- processing period in comparison to the ap- proximately 75 minutes required to obtain a 170° F. internal temperature in a hot-water bath. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 33 A report from the Bureau's Technological Laboratory at Seattle, Wash., on the micro- wave pasteurization of dungeness crab meat confirms the Gloucester Laboratory's opinion that the microwave technique has promising possibilities. Both laboratories had troubles with the plastic containers in which the crab meat was processed. They agree that suitable containers must be found that will withstand the rigors of the heat produced during the short microwave process. Both laboratories plan to continue investigations on this poten- tial pasteurization technique. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1963 p. 35 and February 1963 p. 42. OK OK KK ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION BUILDS IRRADIATION PRESERVATION LABORATORY IN MASSACHUSETTS: Groundbreaking ceremonies for a new Marine Products Development Irradiator fa- cility at Gloucester, Mass., were held by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) on July 26, 1963. It will be located adjacent to the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Technological Laboratory. The fishery prod- ucts irradiator is being built to demonstrate the feasibility of extending the refrigerated storage life of fresh fishery products as a part of the AEC radiation-pasteurized food program. The ceremony was attended by industry and government officials. The principal speaker was Representative William H. Bates (Mass.), member of the Congressional Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, who discussed the application of pasteurizing doses of ra- diation to fishery products. Talks on irradi- ation of fishery products were also given by the Director of the Division of Isotopes De- velopment, AEC, and Thomas D. Rice, Special Assistant to the Commissioner, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Industry members gave their views on the application of radiation to fishery products. The ceremony was followed by a luncheon consisting of irradiated fishery products--clam chowder, fried clams, fried haddock, and finnan-haddie. The products served were over two weeks old and were well received by the group. When completed in late 1964, the $600,000 facility will operate on a near-commercial scale, processing marine products at a rate of up to one ton an hour using a 250,000- icurie cobalt-60 radiation. The irradiator 34 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW will be operated as part of the research and development program conducted for AEC by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Technological Laboratory at Gloucester. Fresh food successfully pasteurized by radiation does not lose its characteristic appearance, taste, or odor, but does have a longer refrigerated shelf-life. The energy-- gamma radiation emitted by the radiocobalt source--passes through the food without leaving a trace. As it does, it destroys bac- teria and other spoilage-causing organisms. As a result of the process, fishery products suchas flounder, haddock, clams, shrimp or crab, canbe kept in ocean-fresh condition for over four weeks under normal refrigeration. The results of research up to now show that low dose radiation pasteurization does not affect food wholesomeness or nutritional values. (National Oceanographic Data Center News- letter, June 30, 1963.) Maine Sardines CANNED STOCKS, JULY 1, 1963: On July 1, 1963, canners! stocks of Maine sardines were up 71.9 percent and distribu- tors! stocks were up 61.9 percent from those of July 1, 1962. The average wholesale price of canned Maine sardines at New York City in July 1963 was $8.11 per standard case compared with $10.86 per case in July 1962. On April 15, 1963, when the new canning season opened, carryover stocks at the can- ners! level amounted to about 660,000 cases as compared to a carryover of only 33,000 cases on April 15, 1962. (The pack in 1961 was unusually small.) The sardine pack dur- ing April 15-June 30, 1963, amounted to 232,000 cases, and by July 27, 1963, the pack reached 728,000 cases. During the 1962 canning season, the pack to June 30, 1962, Canned Maine Sardines--Wholesale Distributors' and Canners' Stocks, July 1, Vol. 25, No. 9 was 452,000 cases, and by July 27, 1962, the pack totaled 890,000 cases. Notes: (1) The usual 74-month Maine sardine packing season opened on April 15 in 1963. The 1962 season was extended to 13 months--Dec. 2, 1961-Jan. 1, 1963--but the 1962 pack canned before April 15 was insignificant. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1963 p. 36. Marketing EDIBLE FISHERY PRODUCTS MARKETING PROSPECTS IN SECOND HALF OF 1963: During the second half of 1963, the United States per capita consumption of fishery prod- ucts is expected to increase slightly over the first 6 months of the year. It is expected there will be more fresh and frozen fish a- vailable but supplies of some canned fishery products will be lower during the remainder of this year. Per capita consumption of fish- ery products for the year may be somewhat lower than in 1962. Retail price trends for fishery products were mostly downward toward the end of the first half of 1963. Generally, prices dropped for shrimp, salmon, canned tuna, and fresh- water fish varieties. However, some price strengthening for most fishery products is probable in the second half of the year. Edible fishery products in cold storage on July 1, 1963, were 166 million pounds com- pared with 137 million pounds on July 1, 1962. An inventory buildup was under way during the summer months as commercial landings of fish and shellfish approached their seasonal peak. United States imports of most fishery products during the first part of 1963 were generally lower than a year earlier. But there was a very large increase in receipts of frozen shrimp and canned sardines not-in- 1963, With Comparison 1962/63 Season 1961/62 Season 7/4/63 [6/1/63] 4/1/63] 1/1/63] 11/1/62] 7/1/62 |6/1/62| 4/1/62 |1/1/62 |11/1/61|7/1/61] 6/1/61 [Distributors] 1,000 actual cases os oS 264 271 230 134 99 oe anners 1s 000 std. cases2/| 643 536 699 1,092 | 1,348 374 50 1/Table,represents marketing season from November 1 POETGbEE Bite 2/100 34-0z. cans equal one standard case. Note: Beginning with the Canned Food Report of April 1, coverage. two samples. percent above that given by the old sample. ource: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Canned Food Report, July 1, yi Sab 208 2 ce 221 201 294 1963, U.S. Bureau of the Census estimates of distributors' stocks were based on a revised sample of merchant wholesalers and warehouses of retail multiunit organizations. The revised sample resulted in better The January 1, 1963, survey was conducted with both samples to provide an approximate measure of the difference in the That survey showed that the estimate of distributors' stocks of canned Maine sardines from the revised sample was 13 1963. September 1963 View looking north on South Street in the salt-water section of New York City's Fulton Fish Market. oil. Imports are expected to be higher for most species during the second half of 1963. In recent years, imports have provided an increasing proportion of total United States consumption of fishery products. In 1962, imports accounted for about 45 percent of that total, up from about 23 percent in 1950. Note: This analysis was prepared by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U. S. Department of the Interior, and published in the Department of Agriculture's August 1963 issue of the Nation- al Food Situation (NFS-105). wy North Atlantic Fisheries Investigations SEA HERRING AND SURF CLAM SURVEYS CONDUCTED: M/V “Delaware™ Cruise 63-5 (June 20- 29, 1963): This cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel Delaware was divided into two parts: Part I: (June 20-24)--A herring survey under the direction of the Boothbay Harbor Biolog- ical Laboratory, Boothbay Harbor, Me., and Part Il: (June 25-29)--A clam survey con- ducted by the Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research Base, Gloucester, Mass. Adult Sea Herring Populations Sampled: The objectives during the first part of the cruise were to: (1) sample populations of adult sea herring and to obtain ecological data, and (2) make plankton tows for larvae of spring-spawned herring. The areas of operation were the Northeast Peak of Georges Bank, the Northern Edge of Georges Bank, the waters lying south of COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 35 Georges Basin, and north of Cultivator Shoals. The route to Georges Bank was via Platts Bank and Cashes Ledge. Three otter-trawl sets of about one hour each were made in the areas indicated in figure 1. These sets were made at depths of approximately 40 fathoms. Gill nets (2 cotton and 3 nylon with a combined length of 750 feet) ranging in mesh size from 2 to 23 inches were set in 88 fathoms of water. A midwater trawl was set at approximately 30 fathoms in 40 fathoms of water. GILL NET SET . oo SET2 ” me sets SETI TRAWL SETS GILL NET SET x 40° 67° 66° 65° 64° Fig. 1 - Area of operations of M/V Delaware during Cruise 63-5, and showing trawl sets and gill-net sets. Four 1-meter net oblique tows (10 meters- 5 meters-surface) were made during the cruise. Two Hardy recorders (one at 10 me- ters and one at the surface) were towed on June 28 and 29 (during surf clam cruise) TP TO sme Ss 68 67 cocmniesy 64° Fig. 2 - M/V Delaware Crise 63-5, June 20-24, 1963, showing hydrographic operations. 40° 7? 720 36 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW from 41°07'N. 69°10' W. toGloucester, Mass. The Hardy recorders were towed about 100 miles. At each trawl set, at the gill-net set, and at other selected sites 5 drift bottles and 5 sea-bed drifters were released. Bathyther- mograph casts were made, surface salinity samples collected, and weather observations recorded at each station. Sets were made only in areas in which the fish-finder indicated large schools of fish on or near the bottom. The fish-finder was also used to locate fish prior to setting the gill- nets and the midwater trawl. The results were as follows: Bu. Lbs. Gill-net Midwater The Dutch herring trawl used during the cruise proved to be quite successful. The kites of the trawl were damaged during the first set and were replaced by about 60 cans. The substitution of the cans for the kites did not alter the results of the fishing. In fact, there was some indication that the substitu- tion of the cans was an improvement over the original design. Of the five gill-nets set, three-fourths of the entire catch were ob- tained with cotton nets. No herring larvae were obtained from the plankton tows. Clam Sampling Equipment Tested and Abundance Investigated: Objectives of the second part of Delaware cruise 63-5 were to: (1) test clam sampling equipment to de- termine its effectiveness, and to evaluate the possibilities of its performance on future explorations, and (2) determine as nearly as possible during the time available the abun- dance of various species of clams in or near the Georges Bank area. Four separate areas were explored: (a) the edge of Georges Bank, north of Cultiva- tor Shoals, in depths of 30 to 40 fathoms, (b) the Bight of Clark in depths of 24 to 50 fathoms, (c) the southwest part of Georges Bank in depths of 24 to 36 fathoms, and (d) the western side of the Great South Channel near ''Middle Rip,'' in the depth range of 26 to 50 fathoms. A total of thirty-three 30-minute drags were made during this part of the cruise. Vol. 25, No. 9 Three of the drags were made with a jet dredge (without manifold or jet) having a 48- inch blade width. The use of this dredge was discontinued following severe damage (un- repairable) to the blade. The remaining 30 drags were made with a conventional Fall River quahog dredge with 27 teeth spaced in a 48-inch opening; the teeth were set to fish into 93 inches of the seabed. Both dredges were rigged to fish from the portside using the main trawl winch, the towing cable, and the forward gallows. The dredge used was hauled aboard with the ''take-out'' boom after each drag. Fishing results during this part of the cruise were: (1) On the edge of Georges Bank, north of Cultivator Shoals quahog or hard clam (Venus mercenaria) catches ranged from none to q bushels per drag. Quantities of empty quahog shells were encountered; the largest single haul of shells was 12 bushels for one drag. While no surf clams (Spisula solidissima) were taken in that area, one drag yielded three dozen 4- to 6-inch empty surf-clam shells. (2) At the Bight of Clark, five of the nine drags produced completely negative results. Of the remaining four drags, the largest catch consisted of 5 quahog clams and 12 empty shells. One-half bushel of large mussel shells (Mytilus sp.) were taken at another sta- tion. (3) On the southwest part of Georges Bank, 14 drags were made of which 3 had complete- ly negative results. Of the remaining 11 drags, the largest catches included 31 quahogs, 22 cherrystone quahogs (about 23 to 3 inches), 70 mussels, one 43-inch surf clam, and sev- eral empty surf-clam shells (about 4 to 6 inches long). (4) In the area on the western side of the Great South Channel, the fishing was very poor and the bottom hard. Of 4 drags made, only 1 yielded any indication of clams--only one 3-inch surf clam was taken in the first drag in that area. On completion of the clam phase of the cruise, it was concluded that: (1) The jet clam dredge is not suitable for use without the jet. September 1963 (2) Adjustments should be made to the Fall River dredge before it becomes a com- pletely adequate piece of sampling gear for use aboard the Delaware. (3) The Georges Bank area is much too large to have been surveyed in the period of time permitted. Several more cruises will be necessary before any conclusions can be made on clam populations. KOK OK OK SUMMER DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF GROUNDFISH SPECIES STUDIED: M/V “Albatross IV" Cruise 63-5 Revised (July 18-August 19, 1963): To determine the summer distribution and relative abundance of groundfish species from the Bay of Fundy southward to Hudson Canyon, and to study food and its availability to a number of groundfish species at selected stations were the objectives of this cruise by the U.S. Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries research ves- sel Albatross IV. Hydrographic data were collected at each fishing station. Fig. 1 - The Albatross IV, research vessel of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. On this cruise, survey operations were conducted at selected stations along the in- shore waters of Massachusetts, the Gulf of Maine, along the western side of Nova Scotia, on Browns Bank and Georges Bank, and the southern New England area to Hudson Can- yon. A total of 188 groundfish survey stations were completed. All fish were measured and 1,715 stomachs of various species from different locations were examined. Scale samples were taken from 1,420 adult had- dock, and over 1,000 young-of-the-year had- dock were frozen for further study at the Bureau's biological laboratory at Woods Hole. Length-girth measurements were COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 37 made on 200 whiting (silver hake) and 100 red hake. Some 850 sea herring were frozen for the Bureau's Biological Laboratory at Booth- bay Harbor, Me. Blood samples were taken from 9 species of groundfish. Invertebrates taken by the trawl were enumerated and sam- ples preserved for further analysis. 3s Fig. 2 - Shows the station pattern for Cruise 63-5 of the research vessel Albatross IV, July 18-August 19, 1963. A total of 248 bathythermograph casts were made during this cruise, and 605 sea- bed drifters were released. At five specific locations, Nansen bottle casts were made at noon and midnight for temperature, salinity, and oxygen determina- tions, as well as for fluormeteric analysis and species composition of phytoplankton. Zooplankton samples were taken at 5 levels through the water column, and on the bottom with Miller samplers, and at the surface with a one-meter net at each of the 5 stations. A total of 515 digestive tracts were removed and frozen from selected fish species taken in the trawl. Preliminary results of the cruise are summarized as follows: In the northern part of the cruise from Georges Bank to the Bay of Fundy, haddock and ocean perch (red- fish) were found in abundance at specific loca- tions. One-year-old haddock were also found in abundance, especially along the western side of Nova Scotia and on Browns Bank. Whiting were distributed throughout the study area. A concentration of that species was 38 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Fig. 3 - Shows the distribution and relative abundance of zero haddock on Cruise 63-5 by the Albatross IV. found on the western side of Georges Bank around Cultivator Shoal. In the southern area, squid were most abundant and finfish relatively low in abundance. Good catches of young-of-the-year haddock were made throughout the cruise (fig. 3). A total of 1,532 young haddock were taken at 91 sta- tions (48 percent of the total 188). Those fish ranged from 5 to 16 centimeters (2.0 to 6.3 inches long) with a mean of 10 centime- ters (3.9 inches). The distribution of the young fish ranged more to the southward, with 377 (25 percent) taken south of Georges Bank. Some young haddock were also taken in midwater with the Miller samplers, and in the bottom trawl when used as a midwater trawl. Delaware cruise 63-5 was the first of a series of groundfish survey cruises to be conducted at various times of the year to study the distribution and relative abundance of all groundfish species. North Pacific Exploratory Fishery Program ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF ALBACORE TUNA AND OTHER PELAGIC SPECIES STUDIED: M/V “John N. Cobb” Cruise 60 (July 6- 26, 1963): The principal objective of this Vol. 25, No. 9 cruise was to obtain information on the abun- dance and distribution of albacore tuna (Thun- nus germo) and other pelagic species by trolling jigs and nightlight observations. Con- ducted by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel John N. Cobb, the cruise consisted of three weeks of exploratory fishing and oceanographic work off the coast of Washington, Oregon, and Cali- fornia. The vessel returned to her base at Seattle, Wash., July 26, 1963. Oceanographic - Cruise and trolling track. - Oceanographic station. - Bathythermografh cast. - Nightlight station” Number albacore caught. - Number bluefin caught. “OREGON CALIFORNIA 00 Trackline of the M/V John N. Cobb Cruise 60, July 8-26, 1963. data, including salinity, oxygen, and chloro- phyl determinations were obtained by partici- pating staff members of the Bureau's Fish- eries Biological Laboratory, San Diego, Calif. Regions surveyed during the cruise ex- tended from 48° N. to 41° N. latitude and off- shore to 130°35' W. longitude. Most waters within 120 miles of the coast were avoided to keep from duplicating work being done by the Oregon State University vessel Acona, which was occupying inshore stations from 44°40! N. to 42°00! N. latitude. A total of 34 oceanographic stations were occupied and 42 bathythermograph casts made. To explore for albacore, trolling was con- ducted along the trackline between oceano- September 1963 graphic stations. The exception occurred along part of the track on 41° N. latitude, where it became necessary to continue under way during night hours in order to maintain a desired schedule. Trolling was generally conducted during daylight hours using 7 lines towed at a speed of about 7 knots. A com- bination of red and white feather jigs was ‘normally used but they were occasionally supplemented by light- or dark-colored bone- type jigs. Strikes and catches were distrib- uted about equally between the seven lines. No attempts were made to circle the areas of highest albacore abundance. A total of 140 albacore and 3 bluefin tuna (Thunnus saliens) were caught, of which 107 viable fish were tagged and liberated. Blood and heart samples were immediately taken from the other tuna and refrigerated for future studies. The albacore ranged from 52 to 83 centimeters (20.5 to 32.7 inches) long and weighed from 9 to 32 pounds. About 75 percent of them ranged between 62 and 68 centimeters (24.4 to 26.8 inches) long. Observations at nightlight stations showed only meager concentrations of saury (Colo- labis saira), lanternfish (Myctophidae), or other marine life, except on one occasion when large numbers of small saury (3 to 4 inches long) surrounded the vessel. A con- tinual watch was also maintained for the presence of marine life while the vessel was under way during daylight hours. Very few birds or marine animals were observed. Sparsely-scattered Spanish men-of-war were observed in only one small area of the track- line. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1963 p. 42. KOR OK KOK PELAGIC TRAWL EFFICIENCY IN CATCHING SALMON TO BE EVALUATED: M/V “John N. Cobb™ Cruise 61: To eval- uate the catching efficiency of the Cobb pe- lagic trawl for taking immature and mature salmon as compared to the catching efficien- cy of gill nets is the objective of this cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel John N. Cobb. The vessel left Seattle, Wash., on August 5, 1963, for six weeks of experimental high- seas pelagic trawling in certain offshore waters of the Pacific Ocean between Adak Island and Kodiak Island, Alaska. The exact areas to be investigated were to be deter- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 39 mined by analysis of gill-net catches made by the Bureau's chartered vessel Bertha Ann prior to arrival of the John N. Cobb. A series of four surface tows were to be made each day by the John N. Cobb relatively close to gill-net sets made by the Bertha Ann. Weather permitting, 2 tows of each series _ were to be made parallel, in opposite direc- tions, and the remaining 2 tows made perpen- dicular, in opposite directions, to the string of set gill nets. Alternation between day-time towing and night-time towing was to occur at the end of each five days (all gill-net sets were to be made at night). During each five- day operating period, two tows were to be made in midwater with depth of the tow to be determined by analysis of echo-soundings. Oceanography SEABIRD-PLANKTON-OCEANOGRA PHY RELATIONSHIPS STUDY: A contract covering the study of seabird- plankton-oceanography relationships in an area about 200 by 250 miles southwest of the Hawaiian Islands was awarded to the Smith- sonian Institution by the U.S. Department of the Army, in July 1963. The program is part of the Army's medical-ecology research and is primarily concerned with birds as carriers (vectors) of disease. Information will be sought on the following questions: (1) How abundant are birds in the study area? (2) What are the diurnal and nocturnal difference in their abundance? (3) Where do the birds come from? (4) How is their abundance and distribution related to the abundance of plank- ton? and (5) What is the influence of physical oceanographic factors on bird distribution and abundance? The U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory at Honolulu, Hawaii, is collaborating in the study and will make avail- able for the program data that have been col- lected over a number of years on seabird studies in the Central Pacific Ocean. OK OK OK OK NEW OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSEL FOR U.S. NAVY: new U.S. Navy oceanographic research vessel, the USNS Davis (T-AGOR 5), visited Washington, D.C., on May 31, 1963, for in- 40 stallation of oceanographic equipment, and also a plaque presentation ceremony. The vessel was docked at the Navy Yard Annex at the same time as the U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries oceanographic research vessel Albatross IV, both of which were open for inspection by the general public. The USNS Davis was launched at Sturgeon Bay, Wis., on June 30, 1962, and is the third of a new class of U.S. Navy oceanographic research vessels. Specifically designed for that purpose, she will be operated by the Military Sea Transportation Service under the technical control of the U. S. Hydrographic Office. Following the Washington, D.C., visit, the Davis proceeded to the West Coast where she is to be used as a floating platform for scientific experiments in the Pacific Ocean. The new U.S. Navy oceanographic vessel, USNS Davis in full dress while on a visit to Washington, D.C. The new research vessel is taking part in the Navy's ten-year oceanographic (TENCO) scientific study to advance knowledge of the ocean, and also study the effect of the ocean on sound transmission. The studies will con- tribute to the effectiveness of naval opera- tions, naval weapons, and vessel equipment and design. The technical dimensions of the vessel are: over-all length, 208 feet 10 inches; beam, 37 feet 5 inches; draft, 15 feet 2 inches; deadweight (loaded), 1,325 tons. Machinery includes a 1,000-hp. main propul- sion unit; twin caterpillar 600-shaft-hp. generators; 1 solar gas turbine for silent COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 9 running; 175-hp. bow thruster unit with a 3- foot propeller for anchor or drift control maneuverability; 10-ton boom; a deep-sea coring and anchoring winch with 45,000 feet of tapered wire rope; an intermediate winch with 30,000 feet of wire rope. Scientific equipment on the vessel includes a geomagnetic system consisting of proton precision magnetometer for measuring the strength of the earth's magnetism; a gravity meter to record the earth's gravity field; an electronic oceanographic system for measur- ing the sea's temperature, sound velocity, and pressure. She is also equipped with classic oceanographic equipment--bathyther- mographs, Nansen cast gear, and an under- water stereo camera. The Davis will carry a crew of 19, andwas scheduled to embark a group of 15 scientists on her arrival on station off the West Coast. The scientists represent the U.S. Naval Elec- tronics Laboratory, San Diego, the U.S. Naval Test Station, China Lake, Calif., and the Ap- plied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. (Military Sea Transportation Service, August 1963.) OK OK OK OK KEEL LAID FOR NEW COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY VESSEL: Keel-laying ceremonies for the first of two Class II, Medium Survey Ships, to be built at a shipyard in Pt. Pleasant, W. Va., for the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, were held on August 12, 1963. The vessel, to be known as the Fairweath- er, will be equipped with specialized depth- recorders and positioning systems. It will be built of welded steel construction, strength- ened for navigation in ice, and propelled by Diesel engines, with twin-screw, reversible- pitch propellers. The over-all length will be 220 feet and 8 inches, with a 42-foot beam, and loaded displacement of 1,615 tons. Serv- ice speed will be 14.5 knots with a cruising range of 8,000 nautical miles. The propulsion equipment will be control- led by a centralized automated system. The vessel will have what is known as a ''bow thruster" that delivers 5,000 pounds thrust on the bow either to port or starboard for maintaining position, slow maneuvering, and to facilitate docking. September 1963 The new survey vessel is to be named after the well known Fairweather Range and Mt. Fairweather, Alaska, which is near the approximate location of her first assignment. She will carry a complement of 12 officers and a crew of 60. The Fairweather will be specifically de- signed to conduct hydrographic surveys --to provide nautical charts of United States coastal waters for safe navigation. She will be used to determine the depth and shape of the ocean bottom, the position of the submerged hills and valleys, as well as other navigational in- formation. This information is vital in guid- ing ships through safe channels and avoiding the hidden dangers below the water's surface. OK KOK OK YOU CAN HELP IN THE STUDY OF OCEAN CURRENTS: A study of the circulation of the waters and currents on the continental shelf off the east coast of the United States is being con- ducted by the Woods Hole Oceanographic In- REWAR D FOR RETURN OF DRIFT BOTTLE CARD oR SEABED DRIFTER TAG WIth WHERE & WHEN PLACE DATE %* THE BOTTLE OR DRIFTER WAS CAUGHT GIVE CARD OR TAG TO PORT INTERVIEWER OR MAIL TO WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION WOODS HOLE ,MASS. 02543 ® A LETTER WILL BE SENT YOU DESCRIBING WHERE THEY WERE RELEASED COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 41 stitution. This program is operated in co- operation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Fisheries Research Board of Canada as well as with the various marine science laboratories along the Atlantic Sea- board. You can assist in this program by re- turning any drift bottle cards or sea-bed drifter labels you find. It is important to note carefully the location where the bottle or drifter was found and the date. A small reward will be sent to you by mail for this contribution to science, together with a notice of where the bottle or drifter was released. If you are a commercial fisherman, turn the drift bottle card or the label over to a Port Interviewer or Fishery Officer who will pay you the reward on the spot, the same way he does for fish tags. About 30,000 bottles and drifters are re- leased each year off the east coast of the United States on a year-around basis. The returned information is being collected to produce a series of maps which will be published in the American Geographical Society's Serial Atlas of the Marine Environment. This information will be useful in the study of the drift of fish eggs and larvae during their planktonic stages. (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass., July 23, 1963.) OK OK OK OK OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA DISPLAY SYSTEM BEING DEVELOPED: A prototype operating model of a World Oceanographic Data Display (WODD) system was unveiled this past summer at Maynard, Mass., to a select group of representatives from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institu- tion (WHOI) and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC). The model was shown by a group of computer specialists working under the supervision of a former Harvard Univer- sity professor who served as consultant-ad- visor on the project. The system introduces an entirely new concept in oceanographic analysis and pro- cedures for preparation of reports andatlases. By means of this system, an oceanographer can conduct analysis, quality control, or in- formation retrieval on all available oceano- graphic station data through a series of visual displays generated by a digital computer on a cathode ray tube. At this point in the system's development, one can display on the scope the following 42 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Hin. oe Fig. 1 - Oceanographers viewing some IGY tracks on display scope. parameters at any standard depth: tempera- ture, salinity, oxygen, specific volume anom- aly, and dynamic depth. Other combinations of data display are also operational. Plan- ning and programming are proceeding on isentropic and vertical section displays. Figures 1 and 2 Wines oceanographers viewing some IGY!/ tracks on the Gp. scope and a close-up of the Meteor2 data as it appears on the scope. In the close- -up, the temperature distribution at 200 meters is displayed. Each dot represents the location of a specific oceanographic station. Stations reporting temperatures of 15.00° C. or higher at a depth of 200 meters appear as bright dots (4-point diamonds). Stations re- porting temperatures lower than 15.00° C. (59° F.) at 200 meters appear as dim dots (single points). In this way, the temperature distribution is outlined on the visual display scope in the form of a brightly lit (or con- versely, a dimly lit) assembly of dots. The temperature (or other parameter) scale may be run up or down automatically in any de- sired graduation. The appearance of the dots (bright or dim) will change with the changing parameter scale and the parameter value at any station can be determined. Reference data appear on the screen if one uses an electronic pointer (light pen) to designate a particular station of interest. By giving the system a command with an input-output typewriter, or by use of the light pen, the geographical area of interest can be enlarged to any degree desired. The final objective of this program is the design of a full-scale system and the establishment of Vol. 25, No. 9 OPO Tree we oe = oe OPC e~ - a, "20% %, sooo. me een et &* Meee. « ~e Fig. 2 - Close-up of oceanographic research Meteor data as it ap- pears on display scope. specifications for equipment and computer programs to handle all available world-wide oceanographic station data in a manner simi- lar to that described. Development of the project is continuing. At present the computer has a limited memory (400 oceanographic stations using a PDP-1 computer), but this appears to be no partic- ular problem. A grid system is being planned for the screen and work is proceeding on isentropic and vertical profile displays. 1/IGY (International Geophysical Year--data compiled by vessels Chain and Crawford of WHOl). 2/Vessel Meteor (German Atlantic cruises conducted in 1925-27). Oysters MARYLAND OBSERVATIONS ON 1963 SPATFALL: Test shells exposed this season received few or no set prior to the last week in June 1963, according to a July 19 Oyster Report from the Chesapeake Biological Laboratory of the State of Maryland, Solomons. However, a strong wave of good setting occurred inlate June and early July in Eastern Bay, upper Little Choptank River, St. Marys River, Smith Creek, and the lower Maryland side of the Potomac. To that date a light but increasing set was occurring in the Harris Creek area, the Bay off Barren Island, the lower Patuxent, and Hooper Straits. The Tar Bay Seed Area, Fishing Bay, Piney Island Swash, Holland Straits area, and September 1963 Pocomoke Sound had not yet received any significant set. Setting tapered off in Eastern Bay, the Little Choptank, and Smith Creek. It reached during the week an exceptionally high peak in St. Marys River where a near record total of 10,659 spat were found on 20 shell faces that were overboard for seven days. Where those heavy sets occurred it was likely that most oysters were fairly well spawned out and that the major spawning for the season had been completed. Obviously only a small percentage of the intense sets, that on some shells amounted to more than a thousand in one week, can possible survive due to lack of space. On natural cultch, and on planted shell that has accumulated considerable fouling, the set will be much lighter. However, it appears that a good quantity of high-count seed, ca- pable of excellent yields when thinly planted on good growing bottom, will be available this fall and later from those areas already set. Transplanting is essential and should be done early when heavy sets occur if max- imum use is to be made of the potential yield from such seed. Whennottransplanted, such thickly set oysters will mostly fail to reach marketable size and not only will be stunted, but will be thin and watery, mis- shapened and susceptible to severe losses from oyster parasites. Pollution OXYGEN DEFICIENCY RESULTING FROM SECONDARY POLLUTION DESTROYS FISH IN POTOMAC RIVER: Secondary pollution is becoming a chal- lenging problem to sanitary engineers and oceanographers interested in the conserva- tion of aquatic resources, according to the scientist in charge of the Ecology- Pollution Department of the Virginia Institute of Ma- rine Science. In the summer of 1963, he said, 'Waste-disposal water may receive the most complete sanitary treatment possi- ble and be entirely free of disease orga- nisms, yet certain chemical changes result- ing from waste treatment often touch off secondary pollution. Decomposition of organ- ic matter releases phosphorus, nitrogen, and trace elements--the same nutrients used in commercial fertilizers--and they stimu- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW calm water conditions, 43 late algal growth... Although these mi- croscopic plants actually give off oxygen to the water during daylight as a result of photo- synthesis, they consume it during the hours of darkness when photosynthesis ceases... .' He pointed out that oxygenis neededbyall living organisms. In areas where heavy concen- trations of algae occur, the loss of oxygen at night can leave the water almost devoid of this vital element by early morning. The Virginia scientist attributed extensive fish losses in the Potomac River in mid-1963 to an oxygen deficiency resulting from an algae "'bloom.'' Scientists noted several pe- culiar characteristics of the Potomac fish kill. Better than 90 percent of the dead fish were white perch; the remainder consisted largely of eels, catfish, and yellow perch-- all bottom-dwelling fish. Swimming near the surface in areas where perch had recently died, young menhaden were unaffected and menhaden are known to be extremely sensi- tive to toxicants in the water. The selective kill pattern ruled out the presence of poisonous materials such as pesticides or industrial wastes. The water was unusually green, and had an extremely low dissolved oxygen content in the deeper layers during the early morning hours. The heavy growth of algae, low oxygen concen- tration in the early morning hours, and death of bottom fish established the cause of the kill--oxygen deficiency. The Virginia Institute of Marine Science emphasized that the oxygen deficiency and fish losses were the result of several natural and manmade forces acting simultaneously on the Potomac River. These were: (1)a sudden increase in water temperature, (2) high solar radiation values, (3) relatively (4) low dilution rates, and (5) artificially enriched waters. (The nat- ural waters are receiving nitrogen, phosphorus and trace element enrichment from agricul- tural areas and from urban waste products. Sewage treatment plants are designed to con- vert and remove putrescible solids from sewage, and discharge an innocuous liquid into the receiving waters of creeks andrivers. But in the breaking down of raw sewage, sig- nificant quantities of nitrogen and phosphorous are converted to fertilizers that can be im- mediately used by aquatic plants.) The five conditions described above pro- duced an algae population that was much above that usually found in the Potomac River. High 44 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW populations of algae can seriously deplete the oxygen level of water at night, particularly near the bottom. In the Potomac River, only those species of fish that inhabit the deeper waters were killed. No fish were killed in the tributary creeks, and surface fish were not affected. Scientists at the Virginia Institute of Ma- rine Science consider the destruction of the utility of our water resources by a series of natural phenomena acting in conjunction with a change produced by man's activities to be a very serious potential threat. Our popula- tion is not only increasing, it is also concen- trating into urban areas. This also concen- trates the introduction of nutrients intonear- by streams. Water uses destroyed as the result of artificial enrichment are just as serious a loss as if destroyed by direct pol- lution. Speaking of both direct and secondary pollution, the Director of the Ecology-Pol- lution Department of the Institute said, ''Mod- ern science and technology is working to- ward prevention or curtailment of pollution of existing water supplies so that cities and industries may be assured of future growth. A slowdown of economic growth in certain States has already occurred due to water shortages. Ourbest hope for adequate water supplies by the year 2,000 lies in the re-use of water: one community far upstream using the water for domestic and industrial pur- poses, purifying it, and then returning it to the stream for use by communities located downstream." He pointed out that in order to do this it will be necessary to have a great deal of information that science and technol- ogy does not now have. Considerable re- search will be needed to acquire the neces- sary knowledge. (Virginia Institute of Ma- rine Science, July 21, 1963.) KOK OK KOK RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS: With the increasing use of radioactive materials in industrial, military, and scien- tific processes, the problem of dumping ra- dioactive wastes has become urgent, accord- ing to the Director of the Ecology- Pollution Department of the Virginia Institute of Ma- rine Science. He pointed out that certain radioactive substances retain effectiveness over scores of years, and all of their effects are not yet known. If released in the aquatic Vol. 25, No. 9 environment, many radioactive materials be- come strongly attached to silt or clay parti- cles, and may remaininthe area permanently. Science has yet to devise methods of flushing such materials from a specific area in the event of a large accidental release. (Virginia Institute of Marine Science, July 21, 1963.) KOK KOK OK EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON FISH STUDIED AT TISHOMINGO FISH HATCHERY: Preliminary tests of the effects of pesti- cides on fish, carried out by the U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Fish Hatchery, Tishomingo, Okla., were completed in May 1963. The completion of pathological exam- inations of fish subjected to various concen- trations of 2,4-D, heptachlor, and DDT will serve to establish necessary concentrations of pesticides and duration of subsequent stud- ies on the effects of those pesticides. Critical concentrations of 2,4-D on blue- gill appear to lie between 1 and 3 p.p.m. (parts per million). A single exposure of bluegill to heptachlor at 0.025 p. p. m. showed no pathological effect on samples taken up to three months following exposure. Heptachlor incorporated in bluegill food at the rate of 1 mg./kg. of body weight showed no pathologi- cal effects after a period of 118 days. Rain- bow trout exposed to a cumulative total of 40 p.p.b. (parts per billion) of DDT added to water at rates of 5 p.p.b. daily showed no pathological effects. Salmon EXCESSIVE ESCAPEMENT THREATENS NORTH PACIFIC RUN TO FRASER RIVER: Excessive salmon eScapement was the major problem facing the North Pacific Salm- on Fisheries Commission this year, accord- ing to a July 30, 1963, statement by the Chair- man of the Commission. The Commission regulates certain pink and sockeye salmon fisheries in designated waters adjacent to the United States-Canadian boundary of the State of Washington and the Province of Brit- ish Columbia. The tie-up of the British Co- lumbia fishing fleet and the small size of the United States fleet created the escapement problem. A decision to increase United States fish- ing time to 4 days for the week ending August September 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 45 3, 1963, was announced at a Commission in order to determine whether it should con- meeting on July 30. At that time, the Com- tinue spending money for that purpose. mission's staff reported that more than 50 percent of the Fraser River sockeye salmon The Regional Director said a report by run had been escaping United States fisher- the Bureau's Columbia River Fishery Pro- men. Escapement up the Fraser River was gram Office showed that by the end of June a estimated at about 100,000 fish per day. It total of 14 of the first 8 million marked baby was further reported that escapement to the salmon which were placed into the river last Chilko River of the Fraser system had ex- year under the program had been recovered ceeded the desired amount. at scattered points along the Pacific Coast. 2K OK Ok Ok Recovery locations were Winchester Bay, Oreg.; Westport and Ilwaco, Wash.; and Moss "FIRST RETURNS" REPORTED ON Landing, just north of Monterey, Calif. HUGE FISH HATCHERY EVALUATION PROJECT IN NORTHWEST: All but one of the 14 fish were caught by In July 1963, the “first returns” were sports fishermen. The single exception was coming in on "Operation Fin Clip," the gi- a fish taken by commercial troll in California. gantic fish-marking program launched last year by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- "While 14 is not a great number, this is eries in cooperation with the fishery depart- | only the beginning. We expect the big major- ments of Washington and Oregon. 'Operation | ity of the fish released the first year will not Fin Clip" involves the marking of approxi- be caught until they return from the ocean as mately 32 million fall chinook salmon inthe | four-year-olds in 1965,'' the Regional Direc- Columbia River and its tributaries over a tor stated. four-year period, reports the Bureau's Re- gional Director of Region 1. Purpose of the project is to evaluate the contribution made to the commercial and sports catch of fall chinook salmon by Co- lumbia River hatcheries. The Bureau, which contributes about $2 million a year for op- eration and maintenance of 22 state and Fed- eral hatcheries on the Columbia River and its tributaries, wants to find out how valuable those hatcheries are to the total fish catch Fig. 2 - Biologists search for fin-clipped fall chinook salmon and collect biological data. The recovery phase of the project will continue through 1969. The Bureau will keep a close count of all the returning ‘Operation Fin Clip" fish which are caught. To accomplish this, fisheries biologists of the States of Washington, Oregon, and Alaska as well as biologists of the United States and Canadian governments are stationed at key landing spots from Alaska to San Fran- cisco Bay to count the marked fish as they Fig. 1 - An early returm of fin-clipped 2-year old fall chinook are brought in by both commercial and sports salmon. Biologist points toward area of missing fin. fishermen. 46 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW The Bureau's supervisor of appraisal studies of the Columbia River Fishery Pro- gram Office said that the 32 million fish in- volved in "Operation Fin Clip" are being marked in a special way so they can be dif- ferentiated from other marked fish. The adipose fin and the maxillary (protruding upper jaw bone) are being clipped with the left and right maxillary clipped on alternate years so that the year in which the fish were spawned can be determined when they are caught. The first 14 returns were sent to the Or- egon Fish Commission laboratory for anal- ysis. Shrimp UNITED STATES SHRIMP SUPPLY INDICATORS, JULY 1963: Item and Period 1963 [1982 ‘| 1961 | 1960 | 1959 | saul September .... January- May . : ; 3 : January~December. = 13,182 - 12,332 15,000] 12,283] 10,500 12,776] 11,316 26,070| 20,770] 22,797 - |105,779) Quantity canned, Gulf September JUNE) ves ce ese ® January~May..... January~December. States UR 1,727 598 - 1,333] 1,090 4,100] 3,551] 2,793 4,700] 4,913] 3,438 4,975] 2,625] 1,525 - 23,210) 14,500 +- +... (1,000 Ebs., Heads-Off) ,.: .. Total landings, So, Atl. and Gulf States: 18,330 18,595 17,493 14,547 20,967 130,660 1,936 2,228 2,833 7,061 3,027 22,659 September 30 ... August 31.... Quy STs sw ce June 304/ May 314/ ... April 304/ .. March 314/.. Imports 5/: September. secs cre January- May pear January~December . 12,843 - 12,754 13,677| 14,849 13,796 13,904] 24,696 15,637 16,607| 31,345 26,119 23,780 22,352 19,283 21,137 23,331 24,893 - 9,696] 8,629 = 7,381| 6,743 3/ | 8,265| 6,635 9,439] 9,397] 8,065 61,046] 54,604| 49,103 pa, »384|126,268 7,541 5,107 7,861 8,300 41,526 113,418/106,555 ——————— Ex-vessel price, all . (¢/1b., 26-30 Count, species, So. Atl, & Gulf Ports: October. September August. hy ssvs ve ANN Gogo May.... A\pYrileeienelre March .. Wholesale price froz. Octobenienesinnn September seis cueke FAUPUSti alee enenealtsts: . |6/85-92 90.0 68.7 | § - 90.9 70.1 - 83.6 66.1 .|6/57-78 | 82.1 55.8 . |0/72-83 | 84,4 5 . 16/80-86 | 83.7 . (6/82-90 83-90 87-90 ‘7108-115 = 113-118 = 110-112] 76-91 brown (5-lb. pkg.) Chicago, I1l.: ECO OG Ae al 53.0 44,4 52.2 46.4 52.0 46,9 54.6 49.2 60.7 63.3 65,2 67.6 59-62 62-64 62-64 (Table continued on next column) 69-73 65-70 64-67 Vol. 25, No. 9 fim and Period | 1963] 1968 | 1961] 1560 _[ 1959] 2 « « » (1,000 Lbs., Heads-Off).... Pi ° fe d multiplying jum ‘Stal d 30. 3: The atest in nithe section (Quantity canned, Gulf States) have peed conpleely| revised beginning with February 1963 on the basis of a new conversion factor (formerly 33.0 pounds per case). 2/Raw headless only; excludes breaded, peeled and deveined, etc. 3/Not available. 4/Inventory of Mar. 31, 1963, includes 1,536,000 pounds; Apr. 30, 1963, includes 545,000 pounds; May 31, 1963, includes 553,000 pounds; and June 30, 1963, includes 667, 000 pounds for firms not reporting previously. S/Includes fresh, frozen, canned, dried, and other shrimp products as reported by the Bu- reau of the Census. 6/Range in prices at Tampa, Fla.; Texas, only Note: Data for 1963 and 1962 are preliminary. June 1963 landings and quantity used for canning estimated from information published daily by the New Orleans Fishery Market News Service. To convert shrimp to heads-on weight multiply by 1.68. Morgan City, La,, area; Port Isabeland Brownsville, Transportation NEW RAIL-BARGE BETWEEN SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA AND BRITISH COLUMBIA IN SERVICE: On June 6, 1963, a shipment of frozen hal- ibut was loaded into a mechanically refrig- erated car at Saxman, Alaska(near Ketchikan), and moved by barge and railroad to Cincin- nati, Ohio. This was the first time that a mechanically refrigerated railroad car moved directly from Alaska to the lower 48 states. The new ferry from Saxman to Prince Rupert, British Columbia, is the connecting link in the all-rail route. It signals the start of a transportation service which may offer cost advantages to some shippers. Rehandling charges involved in combination water and rail routing are avoided. Carload shipments of frozen fishery prod- ucts from the terminal at Saxman have also been made to Chicago, Ill., and Miami, Fla. Tuna ATLANTIC TUNA- OCEANOGRAPHIC STUDIES: Scientists from the United States are join- ing those from several other nations instudy- ing the commercially valuable tuna resources of the Atlantic Ocean. In the first part of June 1963, two U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research vessels, the Delaware and the Geronimo, completed cruises during which oceanographic, biological, and fishery September 1963 data and samples were collected in the Gulf Stream and Sargasso Sea. Earlier in 1963, the EQUALANT I survey in the equatorial Atlantic by vessels of the United States and six other nations added biological and ocean- ographic data about an area (from the coasts of Africa to South America, the Canary Is- lands south to Ascension Island) that may have a large undeveloped fishery potential. A similar international multiple-vessel sur- vey, EQUALANT II,was scheduled for the same area in August 1963. Later this year, Norwegian scientists will study tuna in the waters of the northeastern Atlantic. In addi- tion, the Fisheries Laboratory in Lowestoft, England, will send a vessel to the Bay of Biscay, to undertake a similar program. The recent tuna and Gulf Stream study by the Delaware (cruise 63-4) from April 19- June 10, 1963, was sponsored by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, the Woods Hole (Mass.) Oceanographic Institution, and the National Georgraphic Society. Exploratory fishing and oceanographic observations were conducted from the Delaware at various places in the Atlantic Ocean from Gloucester, Mass., to a point southeast of the Azores. Tuna were caught during the cruise with Jap- anese-type long-line gear and trolling lines. Special midwater trawls were used for catching smaller fish; plankton nets and mid- water trawls were used to collect eggs and larval fish. A wide array of instruments was used in gathering oceanographic data. ne + A fk of 4 ,seeese eg en) + rs . | ft ‘ C= U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research vessel Geronimo. On the return trip of the Delaware, the program of the vessel was coordinated with that of the Geronimo. The Geronimo, a Bu- reau research vessel, left its home port of Washington, D.C., May 7 for a 30-day cruise in the Gulf Stream and the northwestern At- lantic to test oceanographic and biological gear, to provide oceanographic and some COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 47 biological data to the Delaware, and to study the "scattering layers" (those layers of heavy concentration of small fish and other biologi- cal life near the surface of waters bordering on the Gulf Stream.) The scientists aboard the Geronimo kept those on the Delaware informed of the loca- tion of the boundaries of the Gulf Stream. The Gulf Stream, while flowing in a generally northeasterly direction, varies considerably in width and location, sometimes shifting sev- eral miles a day. The western, or inshore, edge of the Gulf Stream is characterized by a sudden change in water temperature. Dur- ing this cruise, temperature changes of as much as 25° F. in less than one mile were noted, although even more marked changes are common. The Geronimo made three transects of the Gulf Stream--one east of Cape Hatteras where the Stream was 57 miles wide; another south of Connecticut where the Stream had narrowed to 35 miles; and the third south of Cape Cod where it had widened to 102 miles. Additional research will be needed to de- termine (1) the extent and the possible value as food for tuna of the concentrations of small fish and other organisms found in the scatter- ing layer; and (2) the effect on tuna and other marine life of the warm water pools which are often cut off from the main warm current of the Gulf Stream. The pools exist as "is- lands" of warm water, each rather quickly dissipated by mixing with colder inshore wa- ters. On returning to Washington, D.C., the Geronimo was outfitted for its part of the work in EQUALANT II. In late July 1963, the vessel left for waters off West Africa, the scene of operations during the International Cooperative Investigations of the Tropical Atlantic. Cra LP Orn United States Fisheries COMMERCIAL FISHERY LANDINGS, JANUARY-JUNE 1963: Total Landings: Fish and shellfish landings in the United States during the first 6 months of 1963 were about 240 mil- lion pounds or 14 percent less than during the same period a year earlier, Production of edible fish was about 63 mil- lion pounds less than in the first half of 1962, and landings of nonedible species (principally menhaden) were down 177 million pounds, 48 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW United States Commercial Fishery Landings of Certain Species for Periods Shown, 1963 and 1962 5 Total 1/1963 1962 1962 Species Anchovies, Calif. 2/. Cod: WEG jo 5 bolas A'6O BOsStomal/) “s)ere) steers Gloucester 3/. Total cod . Haddock: WESTIN! 6856 a SO 4 Boston3/,...... Gloucester 3/.... Total haddock . 55,700 Halibut: 4/ IAlaskaveicneienansielers Wash. & Oreg. ... 12,600 : 6,500 Total halibut 19,100 Herring, Maine . 100 Industrial Fish, Me. & Mass.5/ ...|6 mos, 19,500 10,882 42,741 Mackerel: Jacki... .. «6 mos. 43,000 38,294 93,41 PACITIC 2) Lieweiteliell ol eiken|\Oaneae 15,200 16,104 44,98 Menhaden........{|6 mos, 649,400] 835,443]/2,249,100 Ocean perch: Main eM yeteteve)sis oileg|\OlOS., 21,800 27,993 69,453 0 300 295 90 22,300 BOStOn i. ci cdehepeys: she Gloucester ...... 44,400 Salmon, Alaska .. Scallops, sea, New Bedford (meats). . Shrimp (heads-on): So. Atl. & Gulf.... Washington Squid, Calif, 2/.. Tuna, Calif. ..... to July 20 6,700 5,716 123,100) 160,858] 284,559 Whiting: WEIN piscg og 0 O00 BOSON eicienel sheaths Gloucester .. Total whiting...,. Total all above items ......j1,156,574 Others6/iyoreneteliclevaictele 1,455,676|1,696,418|5,239,700 Grand total .... ...0« 1/Preliminary. 2/Cannery receipts. 3/Landed weight. 4/Dressed weight. S/Excludes menhaden. 6/Includes landings for species not listed. Note: Finfish generally converted to round weight, crustaceans to weight in the shell, and mollusks reported in meats only. Menhaden: During the first 6 months of 1963, landings amounted to 649 million pounds~-down 186 million pounds as compared with 1962, Landings increased slightly in the Gulf area, but were down substantially all along the Atlantic Coast, Vol. 25, No. 9 Tuna: Landings (including bonito) in California totaled 126 million pounds to July 20, 1963--a decrease of about 36 million pounds as compared with the same period in 1962, Purse-seine landings in California dropped off 23 million pounds, and clipper-fleet landings amounted to on- ly half of the 21 million pounds for that period in 1962. Transshipments of U. S.-caught fish from South America de- clined from 5 million pounds in 1962 to 2 million pounds in 1963. Salmon: On the basis of the reported pack of canned salmon, it was estimated that the Alaska catch to July 14, 1963, totaled 60 million pounds~-~-a decline of about 18 mil- lion pounds or 23 percent as compared with the same period of 1962, Groundfish: At mid-year, 1963 landings of cod (13 mil- lion pounds) and ocean perch (44 million pounds) were down 3 and 16 million pounds, respectively, while landings of had- dock (55.7 million pounds) remained the same as for the same period in 1962. Scallops: New Bedford landings during the first half of 1963 amounted to 8 million pounds--falling below the 1962 yield for this period by 2 million pounds or 21 percent, Shrimp: South Atlantic and Gulf States landings during the first 7 months of 1963 totaled about 86 million pounds-~ 15 million pounds more than in 1962, Whiting: The catch at Gloucester through June 1963 (12 million pounds) was 4 million pounds or 44 percent greater than the quantity taken to that date in 1962, 7K OK OK OK OK FISH STICKS AND PORTIONS PRODUCTION, APRIL-JUNE 1963: United States production of fish sticks amounted to about 19.4 million pounds and that of fish portions was 24,2 mil- lion pounds during the second quarter of 1963, according to preliminary data. This was a gain of 17.7 percent in fish sticks and 32.0 percent in portions as compared with the same quarter of 1962, The increase was due to a greater production of raw breaded portions (up 5.4 million pounds) and cooked fish sticks (up 3.4 million pounds), Cooked fish sticks (18.5 million pounds) made up 95,4 percent of the fish stick total. The remaining 4.6 percent consisted of raw fish sticks. A total of 23.6 million pounds of breaded fish portions (of which 19.5 million pounds were raw) and 642,000 pounds of unbreaded portions were proc- essed during the second quarter of 1963. Table 1 - U.S, Production of Fish Sticks by Months and Type, April-June 19631/ ++... (1,000 Lbs.)... NW Sood docoo Gos WEMacGoobDo DOC OdoDS WES nodgcooddDDDDG Total 2nd Qtr. 19631/.......{ 18,505 19,390 Total 2nd Qtr. 1962 ......../ 15,090 | 1,389 | 16,479 Total Jan.-Dec. 1962 ....... 1/Preliminary. coe er September 1963 Table 2 - U. S. Production of Fish Sticks by Areas, April-June 1963 and 1962 1/1963 2/1962 Atlantic Coast States . Inland & Gulf States .. Pacific Coast States.. No, of 1,000 Firms Lbs. 21 | 16,207 5 1,985 10 | 1,198 23 13,229 5 2,030 9 1,220 MOtalens setekcnenenens 36 19,390 37 16,479 1/Preliminary. 5 2/Revised. Table 3 - U.S. Production of Fish Sticks by Months, 1959-1963 January .. May ... a Q ) x So 6/50 Hato PM AOWONHISH) 6 oooh 6008 7,634| 6,082| 6,091 8,246] 6,886] 7,097 7,846] 7,658] 7,233 5,719] 5,599 6,165| 5,643] 5,129 6,538| 5,117| 4,928 - 3,740| 3,575 : 5,760| 6,927 : 6,582| 5,206 - 6,698} 6,133 - 6,305| 6,288 - 6,027| 5,618 5,511| 6,277 6,542| 6,352 7,844| 5,604 4,871| 4,717 3,707| 4,407 4,369| 4,583 3,691| 3,790 5,013| 3,879 5,424| 5,353 6,560| 5,842 6,281| 4,831 5,329] 4,743 1/Preliminary. 2/Revised. - [72 ar7| 69,824 65,142 Table 4- U.S. Production of Fish Portions by Months and Type, April-June 1963 1/ Month Breaded Cooked Raw Total Un- breaded| Total } prilveye ic! oper fe IMaycarersueriol onesie,°! 1,760 5,372 7,132 JUNCH eke owetewte ei ' 846 7,795 8,641 1,457 6,362 7,819 eas tereite. ctl cies Als OOOL ISDS) 5 fopretreise hehe te | 185 8,004, Tot. 2nd Qtr. r = 4. NOGSM/ pater e 3 4,063 | 19,529 | 23,592 279 7,411 178 |_ sary 642 | 24,234] _| == Tot. 2nd Qtr. IQO coco pn 3,722 | 14,160 | 17,882 481 18,363 = — = Tot. lst 6 mos. Ysen28? wf eeo p all. 8,132 | 38,919 |) 47,051 1,452 48,503 Tot. 1st 6 mos. WG 3's pena 6 6,816 | 28,955 | 35,771 1,065 | 36,836 Tot. Jan.-Dec. | 1962 ......| 14,007] 62,290 | 76,297 2,381 | 78,678 1/Preliminary. April-June 1963 and 1962 Table 5 - U. S. Production of Fish Portions by Areas, Area Atlantic Coast St 1/Preliminary. 2/Revised. Inland & Gulf States .. Pacific Coast States . ALES Mietivcisine COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 49 Table 6 - U. S, Production of Fish Portions by Months, 1959-1963 1/1963 | 2/1962 | 2/1961 | 1960 | 1959 | SEabehs siclle o-e) oi(L, 000 IDS.) ater edesienenie, « January . February March .. ‘April... | rotat......| _- | 78,678] 50,647 | 49,381 |37,147 Z/Revised. Million pounds 1 or — er Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. U.S. production of fish sticks and portions, 1961-63. Plants on the Atlantic Coast produced the bulk of the fish sticks and portions--30.7 million pounds. The Gulf and In- land States produced 11.0 million pounds, and the Pacific Coast States 1.9 million pounds. U. S. Fishing Vessels DOCUMENTATIONS ISSUED AND CANCELLED, JUNE 1963: During June 1963, a total of 62 vessels of 5 net tons and over was issued first documents as fishing craft, as com- pared with 52 in June 1962, There were 31 documents can- celled for fishing vessels in June 1963 as compared with 34 in June 1962, nee Table 1 - U. S, Fishing Vessels 1/--Documentations Issued and Cancelled, by Areas, June 1963 with Comparisons June | Jan,-June [Total 1963] 1962] 1963 1962 oe ee ee (NUMbER) © (6c. 70! 6! 3 Area (Home Port) Issued first documents 2/: New England....+c+ee Middle Atlantic ..... Chesapeake .. South Atlantic . Gulf... ese ce Pacific. 3... 6 . ere eee cee eee oe ee ee (Table continued on next page) | June__| Jan. ~June [Total] 19621 1962) Great Lakes Puerto Rico Removed from documentation 3/: New England Middle Atlantic Chesapeake South Atlantic Table 2 - U, S. Fishing Vessels--Documents Issued and Cancelled, by Tonnage Groups, June 1963 ee eee ee ee CC ee a ey CC eC re cr Cr er ar eee eee eee ee ee oo hi pwenwnm lwo CC ee CC cc wo ra eee eee ee ee ee ew 41/Includes both commercial! and sport fishing craft. A vessel is defined as a i net tons and over. 2/Includes 1 redocumented vessel in June 1963 previously removed from records. Ves- sels issued first documents as fishing craft were built: 45 in 1963; 1 in 1961; 1 in 1960; 14 prior to 1951; and 1 unknown. 3/Includes vessels reported lost, abandoned, forfeited, sold alien, etc. Source: Monthly Supplement to Merchant Vessels of the United States, Bureau of Cus- toms, U.S. Treasury Department, OK KK Ok FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR VESSELS AND GEAR AVAILABLE FROM THE FISHERIES LOAN FUND: The Fisheries Loan Fund was authorized by the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956. This Act provides authority for the Secretary of the Interior to make loans for financing and refinancing operations, maintenance, repair, replacement, and equipment of fishing gear and vessels. This program is still active and loans are available for the purposes men- tioned. As of July 31, 1963, a total of 1,273 loan applications for $34,736 had been received by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries, the agency administering the Federal Fisheries Loan Fund. During that period, 674 loans COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 9 were approved for $15,484,000. These loans are made for a maximum of 10 years at 5 percent simple interest. OK OK OK OK MORTGAGE INSURANCE PROGRAM ASSISTS FINANCING OF VESSEL CONSTRUCTION: The Fishing Vessel Mortgage Insurance Program is designed to assist the financing of the construction of a new vessel in the same manner that the Federal Housing Ad- ministration (FHA) helps finance home con- struction. The funds are obtained from a commercial lender but the Department of the Interior insures the mortgage--thus guaran- teeing the lender that he will have no losses. This program, which is administered by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, can only be used to finance the construction, reconstruction, or reconditioning of fishing vessels. To be eligible, the work must be done by the low bidder after competitive bid- ding. The mortgage cannot exceed 75 per- cent of the cost of the work being performed. OK OK OK OK NEW FISHERY RESEARCH VESSEL OF BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES VISITS NATION'S CAPITAL: e new fishery-oceanographic research vessel (Albatross IV) of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries was in Washington, D.C., May 30-June 2, 1963, for inspection by the general public and Federal Government. The Secretary of the Interior officials. Fig. 1 - The Albatross IV, docked in Washington, D. C., was in- spected by the general public May 30-June 2. September 1963 Fig. 2 - Visitors aboard the Albatross IV in Washington, D.C., inspecting the vessel's otter-trawl net which is spread out for display on the stern deck. Note the roller and chute for the net at the rear of the photo. Stewart L. Udall, on May 9, commissioned the vessel at its home port, Woods Hole, Mass., where one of the Bureau's fishery biological laboratories is located. Research to be conducted by the vessel will include charting the distribution and a- bundance of groundfish and scallops, environ- mental factors causing seasonal and long- term fluctuations in fish stocks, collection of bottom organisms that form the food sup- ply for groundfish, and investigation of plank- ton populations and general oceanographic conditions. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1963 p. 48; Jan- uary 1963 p. 56; July 1962 p. 42. U. S. Foreign Trade AIRBORNE IMPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS, .MARCH-APRIL 1963: Airborne fishery imports into the United States in March 1963 amounted to 743,915 pounds valued at $377,344, a de- crease of 6,1 percent in quantity and 10.3 percent in value from those in the previous month. In April 1963, there was a slight increase with imports of 760,359 pounds valued at $365,682, Total airborne imports in January-April 1963 were 3.4 million pounds valued at about $1.8 million as compared with the same period in 1962 of 2.5 million pounds valued at $1.1 million, The increase was due mainly to larger shipments of shrimp and spiny lobsters. Raw headless: shrimp continued to make up the bulk of the airborne shrimp imports~--in March 1963, shipments consisted of 558,876 pounds of fresh or frozen raw head- less, 20,869 pounds of frozen peeled and deveined, and 685 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 51 U. S.1/ Airborne Imports of Fishery Products, January-April 1963 with Comparative Data Product and Mar.~Apr. 1963] Jan.~Apr. 1963 Jan.-Apr. 1962 Origin 2/ Qty. |Valued/ | Qty.3/ | Values) Qty.3/ |Valued/ 1,000 US$ | 1,000 use | Lbs. | 1,000] Lbs.| 1,000 Fish: IMeXICOM Vey olenehetet oie 59.3) 18.1 99.2 31. 153.0 26.1 British Honduras .. 10.7 2.9 30.6 Ud 3 = Honduras...... 7.0 2.0 15.5 4, : + Japan ....... 2.0 8.2 2.0 8. = 2 United Kingdom .. 0.4 1.2 1.1 2. 1.0 0.3 Trannies eieie se ee 1.2 7.4 1.2 TF = > France) 6). s . s (c) Examples. * * * Ezample (1). An individual taxpayer files his return for the calendar year 1955 on April 15, 1956, showing a tax of $40,000. He has paid a total of $20,000 of estimated tax in four equal installments of $5,000 of each of the four installment dates prescribed for such year. No other payments were made prior to the date the return was filed. Since the amount of each installment paid by the last date prescribed for payment thereof is less than one-quarter of 70 percent of the tax shown on the return, the addition to the tax is applicable in respect of the under- payment existing as of each installment date and is computed as’ follows: (1) Amount of tax shown on re- tur: Re Sec ceases cose , 000 (2) 70 percent of item (I)----_-__ 28, 000 (3) One-fourth of item (2)-.-____ 7, 000 (4) Deduct amount paid on each installment date____________ 5, 000 (5) Amount of underpayment for each installment date (item (3) minus item (4))----____ 2,000 Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1963 p. 91. Vol. 25, No. 9 (6) Addition to the tax: ist installment—period 4— 15-55 to 4-15-56___-____ $120 2d installment—period -6— 15-55 to 4-15-56________ 180 3d installment—period. 9— 15-55 to 4-16-56________ 4th installment—period 1— 15-56 to 4-16-56________ 30 Total==- 2222S 320 Par. 11. Section 1.6654-2 is-amended by revising so much of subparagraph (3) of paragraph (a) as precedes subdivision Gi). This amended provision reads as follows: § 1.6654—-2 Exceptions to imposition of the addition to the tax in the-case of individuals. (a) Ingeneral. * * * (3) The amount which would have been required to be paid on or before the date prescribed for payment if the esti- mated tax were an amount equal to 70 percent (6634 percent in the case of in- dividuals referred to in section’ 6073(b), relating to income from-farming or; with respect to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1962, from fishing) of the: tax computed by placing on an annual basis the taxable income for the calen- dar months in the taxable year preceding such date. The taxable income shall be Placed on an annual basis by— United States District Court BREADED SEAFOOD PROCESSOR GRANTED OVERTIME EXEMPTION UNDER FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT: On July 26, 1963, the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia decided a case involving the U.S. Labor Department's interpretative rulings (29 CFR, Part 784, Sections 784.110 through 784.112) that proc- essors of fishery products consisting ofmore than 20 percent nonaquatic matter are not entitled to an employee overtime exemption under the Fair Labor Standards Act. An injunction sought by the Labor Depart- ment against a breaded seafood processor in Newport News, Va., had raised the issue of whether the Labor Department's criterion should apply to breaded oysters, breaded scallops, breaded shrimp, breaded fish sticks and portions, crab cakes, and deviled crabs. (Practically all breaded frozen seafoods must, in order to be marketable, contain more than 20 percent of breading materials.) As applied to those breaded products, the Labor Depart- ment's intepretation was held to be invalid, and the injunction was denied, lote: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1962 p. 62. White House REVISED TARIFF SCHEDULES EFFECTIVE AUGUST 31, 1963: The revised Tariff Schedules of the United States were to become effective on August 31, 1963, according to the President's Special Representative for Trade Negotiations. The Tariff Schedules were to take effect 10 days after the Presidential Proclamation of the new nomenclature and rates contained in them. The proclamation was issued in accordance with the authority of the Tariff Classification Act of 1962. The Tariff Classification Act of 1962 au- thorizes the President, uponthe completion of certain procedures, to proclaim new United States Tariff Schedules based upon studies and recommendations of the U.S. Tariff Commis- sion. The Commission's work was initiated under the authority of the Customs Simplifi- cation Act of 1954, The new Tariff Schedules simplify the de- termination and application of United States import duties. They thus benefit domestic producers, who will have more dependable knowledge of the duty rates applying to the types of products they sell and the materials September 1963 they buy. They also benefit importers and consumers. Entry into force of the new schedules has been approved by the Contracting Parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), and by the countries with which the United States still maintains bilateral trade agreements. (Press release dated July 25, 1963, Office of the Special Representative for Trade Negotiations.) sles eke ok See KK sk CHANGES IN TARIFF SCHEDULES GIVEN EF- FECT BY PRESIDENTIAL PROCLAMATION: Changes in the Tariff Schedules of the U- nited States on rates and provisions of Sched- ules 1 to 8, inclusive (except the rates for items listed in Annex A which is madea part of the proclamation), and other provisions of the TariffSchedules, were made effective by Presidential proclamation. The proclamation was signed on August 21, 1963, and schedules became effective on August 31, 1963. The proclamation as it appeared in the Au- gust 23, 1963, Federal Register, follows: Presidential Documents Title 3—THE PRESIDENT Proclamation 3548 PROCLAMATION TO MAKE EFFECTIVE THE TARIFF SCHEDULES OF THE UNITED STATES By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation WITEREAS Thave caused the Tariff Schedules of the United States to be published in the Frperan Reetsver? in conformity with Section 101() of the Tariff Classification Act of 1962 (P.L. 87-456, 76 Stat. C28 WITEREAS LT have taken such action as I deem necessary to bring the United States schedules annexed to foreign trade agreements into conformity with the Tariff Schedules of the United States as provided for in Section 102 of the Tariff Classification Act of 1962, as amended (P.1,, 87-456, 76 Stat. 72, as amended by Section 257(g¢) of P.LL. 87- 794, 76 Stat. 882) 5 and WIHITEREAS I have determined that the rates and provisions pro- claimed in paragraph 1 of this proclamation are required or appropri- ate to carry out foreign trade agreements to which. the United States isa party: NOW, THEREFORE, 1, JOHN F. KENNEDY, President of the United States of America, acting under the authority of the Consti- tution and statutes, including Section 102 of the Tariff Classification Act of 1962, as amended, do proclaim: 1. The rates of duty in column numbered 1 of Schedules 1 to 8, in- clusive (except the rates for the items listed in Annex A which is attached and made a part of this proclamation), and the other pro- visions of the Tariff Schedules of the United States which relate thereto; 2. The temporary modifications set forth in Part 2 of the Appendix to the Tariff Schedules of the United States; 3. The additional import restrictions set forth in Part 3 of the Ap- pendix to the Tariff Schedules of the United States; and 4. The nations oy areas and countries set forth in general headnote 3(d) of the Tariff Schedules of the United States (relacing to the eee of products of certain Communist-dominated nations or areas), COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW ua kal The Tarifl Schedules of the United States shall become effective as to articles entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption on or after August 31, 1963. _ As to articles entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consump- tion on or after August 31, 1963, the provisions of all prior proclama- tions which provide for customs treatment inconsistent with the Tariff Schedules of the United States are hereby superseded. IN WITNESS WITEREOF, 1 have hereunto set my hand and caused the Seal of the United States of America to be affixed. DONE at the City of Washington this twenty-first day of August in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and sixty-three, [sra.] and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and cighty-eighth. Joaun FP. Kexxepy By the President: Gronce W. Baur, sleting Seerctury of State. ‘Part Ti, WAR. of Mus. 17. 1963, 2S FR S599, as corrected by PR. of Aug. 20, 1965, 28 FR. 9151. ANNEX A ITEMS IN TARIFF SOHEDULES OF THE UNITED STATES 1. Schedules 1—7? 175.54 306.60 176.01 306.61 176.18 306.62 176.20 306.63 176.22 307.40 176.26 309.41 176.38 315.45 176.40 315.60 176.49 315.80 176.52 315.85 176.58 315.90 176.60 315.95 176.90 346.10 177.50 357.80 178.25 357.90 180.00 3€3.50 180.10 366.06 180.20 366.45 182.91 366.63 184.52 370.16 186.15 386.20 188.18 188.22 188.30 188.32 188.34 188.36 188.50 190.30 190.50 191.10 192.65 192.70 100.03 100.05 100.35 100.45 100.65 100.77 100.79 105.60 105.70 105.84 107.10 107.35 111.56 111.6¢ 112.34 112.66 112.74 113.20 113.25 118.10 118.15 118.25 119.65 119.70 126.59 126.91 130.35 130.50 130.55 131.20 131.30 131.37 131.45 131.60 131.85 135.16 135.70 135.80 135.81 136.61 137.10 140.16 140.20 140.26 140.30 140.40 140.50 140.60 140.63 140.70 141.2C 141.40 145.09 145.12 145.20 145.22 145.28 145.30 145.40 145.41 145.48 145.58 146.20 146.24 146.40 146.64 146.91 146.93 147.31 147.40 147.42 147.44 147.46 147.48 147.72 147.75 148.40 148.44 148.48 148.50 148.52 148.56 148.74 148.83 148.90 149.10 149,22 149.26 149.28 152.05 152.22 152.38 152.50 154.35 154.60 155.10 155.12 155.75 160.20 160.40 161.01 161.11 161.27 161.33 161.39 161.43 1€1.67 161.71 161.75 161.81 161.94 167.90 168.90 170.01 1470.05 170.35 170.55 175.03 175.15 175.33 175.42 175.49 422.12 422.14 422.50 422.52 425.78 425.88 426.14 426.78 426.82 426.94 426.98 427.02 427.14 429.24 435.50 435.60 435.75 437.04 437.06 437.10 437.14 437.50 437.74 452.04 452.12 452.50 452.54 452.56 452.60 452.62 452.66 460.20 460.60 472.30 474.02 485.40 485.50 493.22 493.25 493.35 493.45 494.08 494.10 494.16 405.55 406.02 406.04 408.05 408.10 408.15 408.25 408.35 408.40 408.60 408.70 408.75 409.00 415.05 415.27 415.30 416.05 416.20 417.62 418.12 418.16 418.70 200.30 200.40 200.50 202.36 220.05 220.10 220.30 220.31 222.28 240.10 240.12 240.30 24032 274,27 512.31 512.35 513.91 515.11 516.74 519.71 520.75 622.24 522.37 523.41 523.81 531.21 532.14 601.03 601.12 300.10 300.30 300.40 300.45 304.34 305.20 305.28 305.30 306.40 306.41 306.42 306.43 2. Scheduie 8 All items except the following: 805.00 813.20 840.00 808.00 826.10 850.10 810.10 830.00 850.30 850.40 850.70 851.10 oo000000000000 112 Eighty-Eighth Congress (First Session) Public bills and reso- lutions which may direct- ly or indirectly affect the fisheries and allied in- dustries are reported up- on. Introduction, refer- ral to committees, perti- nent legislative actions by the House and Senate, as well as signature into law or other final dis- position are covered. ANTIDUMPING ACT AMENDMENT: H, R. 7965 (Whalley) Aug. 6, 1963; H. R. 7984 (Morgan) Aug. 7, 1963; H. R. 8024 (Johnson) Aug. 12, 1963, and H. R. 8062 (Rooney) Aug. 14, 1963, introduced in House, to amend the Antidumping Act, 1921; referred to Commit- tee on Ways and Means, Similar or identical to other bills previously introduced in House. CHEMICAL PESTICIDES COORDINATION: Pesticide. Controls (Hearings before the Subcommittee on Fish- eries and Wildlife Conservation of the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, House of Representa- tives, 88th Congress, 1st Session), 159 pp., printed, Contains hearings held June 18 and 19, 1963, on H. R. 2857 and H. R. 5589, to provide for advance consulta- tion with the Fish and Wildlife Service and state wild- life agencies before the beginning of any Federal pro- gram involving the use of pesticides or other chemicals designed for mass biological controls; and H. R. 4487 and H. R. 5588, to amend the act of Aug. 1, 1958, in order to prevent or minimize injury to fish and wild- life from the use of insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and pesticides; reports of various Federal agencies; statements presented by personnel of various Federal agencies, members of Congress, and state officials; ad- ditional material and communications submitted for the consideration of the Committee, COLLISIONS AT SEA, REGULATIONS FOR PREVEN- TION: Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea and Promotion, etc., of Coast Guard Officers (Hearing be- fore the Merchant.Marine and Fisheries Subcommittee of the Committee on Commerce, U.S. Senate, 88th Congress, 1st Session), 62 pp., printed. Contains hear- ing held June 27, 1963, on S, 1459, to authorize the Pres- ident to proclaim regulations for preventing collisions at sea; text of S. 1459; reports of various Federalagen- cies; and statements of witnesses, The Subcommittee on Merchant Marine and Fish- eries of the Senate Committee on Commerce, onAug, 14, 1963, in executive session, approved for full committee consideration H, R. 6012, amended, authorizing the President to proclaim certain regulations for prevent- ing collisions at sea. COMMODITY PACKAGING AND LABELING: Pack- aging and ee Legislation (Hearings before the Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monopoly of the Com- mittee on the Judiciary, U.S. Senate, 88th Congress, lst Session pursuant to S. Res. 56), 844 pp., printed, Contains hearings held April 24, 25, and 26, 1963, on COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 9 _S. 387, to amend the Clayton Act to prohibit restraints ‘of trade carried into effect through the use of unfair and deceptive methods of packaging or labeling certain con- sumer commodities distributed in commerce, and for other purposes; statements given by members of Con- gress, stateand local governments, and industry people; exhibits and appendix; and biographical material, CONSERVATION OF MARINE FISHERIES RE- SOURCES: S. 1988 (Bartlett) introduced in Senate on Aug. 6, 1963, to prohibit fishing in the territorial wa- ters of the United States and in certain other areas by persons other than nationals or inhabitants of the Unit- ed States; referred to Committee on Commerce. Sen. Bartlett stated that the bill declares it unlawful for for- eign vessels to fish within the territorial sea or to en- gage in the taking of continental shelf resources claimed by the United States, except as provided by an interna- tional agreement to which the United States is a party. Appropriate penalties for violation--not more than a $10,000 fine or 1 year imprisonment, or both--are de- lineated. Enforcement procedures permit the authori- ties to seize vessels illegally operating and allow the court to order forfeiture of the vessel. Administrative rules are to be issued by the Secretary of the Treasury. The responsibility for enforcement is to be shared by the Coast Guard, the Department of the Interior, the Bureau of Customs, and such State and territorial of- ficers as the Secretary of the Interior may designate. Federal district courts are empowered to issue such warrants as may be required for the enforcement of the act. Persons authorized to carry out enforcement ac- tivities are given the power to execute these warrants, to arrest violators of the act, and to search suspect ves- sels. Provides for the seizure and disposal of fish taken in violation of the act, and establishes procedure for setting of a bond by alleged violators. Also intro- duced in the House on Aug. 6, 1963; H. R. 7954 (Rivers), referred to House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries; similar to S, 1988. Senator Gruening (Alaska) on Aug. 6, 1963, inserted in the Congressional Record (pages 13403-13408) cor- respondence received from several sources from Alas- ka with reference to Soviet and Japanese vessels fish- ing off Alaskan coastal waters. He also called attention to the bill he introduced, S, 1816, which would make it possible for any State so desiring to extend the limits for its fishing from 3 to 12 miles. He reinserteda copy of the statement he made on the floor of the Senate on June 28, 1963, which includes the text of the bill itself, Senator Bartlett (Alaska) on Aug, 14, 1963, presented a statement to the Senate (Congressional Record, pages 14120-14121) on the remarks made by certain Japanese officials on his bill S. 1988. Also included was corre- spondence sent by Senator Bartlett to the Ambassador of Japan and part of an article by Hanson Baldwin which appeared in the New York Times of Aug, 11, 1963, on the increase of foreign trawler activity in United States territorial waters. FISHING VESSEL PROTECTION: H.R. 7815 (Pelly) introduced in House July 29, 1963, to aid in the protec- tion of the rights of vessels of the United States engaged in the fisheries and related activities in international waters, and for other purposes; referred to the Commit- tee on Waysand Means. Would impose a prohibition on the importation of fish or fish products from any for- eign country which seizes or interferes with American fishing vessel in international waters. This proposed legislation is designed to aid in the protection of the September 1963 rights of fishing vessels of the United States engaged in the fisheries and related activities. HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE DEPART- MENT APPROPRIATIONS FY 1964: Labor-Health, Education, and Welfare Appropriations for 1964 (Hear- ings before the Subcommittee of the Committee on Ap- propriations, U. S. Senate, 88th Congress, 1st Session, Part I), 1,105 pp., printed. Contains hearings held on the appropriations for the Department of Health, Edu- cation, and Welfare for fiscal year 1964; statements of various Federal agencies, members of Congress, mem- bers of industry, and additional material and communi- cations submitted for the consideration of the Commit- tees S. Rept. 383, Departments of Labor, and Health, Edu- cation, and Welfare, and Related Agencies Appropria- tions Bill, 1964 (Aug. I, 1963, report from the Com- mittee on Appropriations, U. S. Senate, 88th Congress, 1st Session, to accompany H. R. 5888), 89 pp., printed, The Committee reported the bill with various amend- ments and recommended passage. Included under the appropriations for the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare are funds for Food and Drug Administra- tion; Milk, Food, Interstate and Community Sanitation; and Water Pollution Control, The Senate on Aug. 7, 1963, passed with amend- ments, H. R. 5888, making appropriations for the De- partments of Labor, and Health, Education, and Wel- fare, and related agencies, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1964, and for other purposes. Included are funds for Food and Drug Administration; milk, food, interstate and community sanitation; and water pollu- tion control. The milk, food, interstate and community sanitation program assures that only safe water, milk, shellfish and other marine food, and food supplies are served to public; also provides for research and tech- nological assistance programs on shellfish and other marine foods at the two new shellfish sanitation re- search centers which are to be constructed. The water pollution program provides for regional laboratories located in strategic points throughout the country to promote research and training activities and provide a base of action of State, interstate, and Federal agen- cies cooperating to eliminate water pollution, Senate insisted on its amendments, asked for conference with House, and appointed Conferees, IRRADIATION FOOD PROGRAM: Review of the Army Food Irradiation Program (Hearing before the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, 88th Congress, Ist Session), 545 pp., printed. Contains the hearing held May 13, 1963, on the review of the Army food irradia- tion program; statements of witnesses and additional material supplied for the record, Included in the ad- ditional material is a summary of the Army radiation preservation of food research program, Summary mentions that the Army, AEC, and the National Academy of Sciences plan to sponsor an international conference, on food irradiation in Boston in the late summer of 1964, This conference will be in conjunction with the dedica- tion of the AEC Marine Products Irradiation Facility, Gloucester, Mass. The summary mentions that ''Re- search on the development of radiation sterilized sea- foods has continued. Results indicate that the fat con- tent of the raw material may materially affect the storage stability of the finished product, Preliminary data show that fish, low in fat, will have better accept- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 113 ability characteristics after storage (color, flavor, odor, etc.) than those high in fat."' Included in the ad- |ditional material is the report, "Food Preservation by Irradiation in the U.S.S.R."' LATIN AMERICAN COMMON MARKET: Senator Humphrey (Minn.) on Aug. 2, 1963, inserted in the Congressional Record (pp. 13207-13208) a statement on the status of the Central American program of econom- ic integration--the establishment of a Central Ameri- can Common Market. The five countries participating are: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Included in the statement is an article excerpted from Latin American Business Highlights, a quarterly publication of the Chase Manhattan Bank which describes ''The Central American Common Market and Country Highlights--Central America." OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PROGRAM: The House and the Senate on July 29, 1963, received a letter from the Director, Office of Science and Technology, Executive Office of the President, transmitting, pur- suant to law, a report entitled ''Oceanography: The 10 Years Ahead''--embodying for the first time the co- ordinated plans for the decade 1963-72 of the 20 Fed- eral agencies which conduct and sponsor oceanographic research; referred to the House Committee on Mer- chant Marine and Fisheries and the Senate Committee on Commerce, He Rept. 621, Providing for a Comprehensive, Long- Range, and Coordinated National Program in ener’ raphy, and for Other Purposes Waly 31 1963, report from the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, House of Representatives, 88th Congress, 1st Session), 13 pp., printed. The Committee favorably reported, with amendment, H. R. 6997, to provide for a compre- hensive, long-range, and coordinated national program in oceanography, and for other purposes, and recom- mended passage of the bill, Contains the purpose of the bill, background of the legislation, section-by- section analysis, cost of the legislation, the amendment, departmental reports, and changes in existing law. The House on Aug. 5, 1963, passed with amendment, H. R. 6997. Directs the President to issue a statement of national goals with respect to oceanography and de- velop a comprehensive program of oceanographic ac- tivities and report annually to the Congress on the sta- tus of the program and future plans and policies of the United States with respect hereto; survey of all present significant activities, policies, programs, and accom- plishments of Federal agencies now engaged in ocean- ographic work; designation and fixing of responsibility for direction of all oceanographic activities within the Federal Government; and resolving differences arising among Federal agencies in this scientific field, The Senate on Aug, 6, 1963, received the House-passed bill H. R. 6997; referred to the Committee on Commerce, H. R. 7922 (Fascell) introduced in House Aug, 5, 1963, to provide for a comprehensive, long-range, and coordinated national program on oceanography, and for other purposes; referred to the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Representative Wilson (Calif.) on Aug, 6, 1963, in- serted in the Appendix of the Congressional Record (pages A5002-A5003) a statement in support of the House -passed bill H. R. 6997, 114 The Appendix (pages A5013) of the Congressional Record, Aug. 6, 1963, included a statement presented to the House by Representative Tollefson (Wash.) on Aug. 5, 1963, giving his support for H. R. 6997. OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSEL: The Senate on July 29, 1963, received a letter from the Assistant Secretary of the Interior, reporting, pursuant to law, on the research cruise of the research vessel Chain to the equatorial Atlantic and Caribbean, during the period January 1, to June 30, 1963; referred to Committee un Interior and Insular Affairs. _ PACIFIC ISLANDS TRUST TERRITORY DEVELOP- MENT: The House on July 30, 1963, received from the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs the report (H. Rept. 605) on H. R. 3198, to promote the economic and social development of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and for other purposes; with amend- ment; referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. The section of the bill of par- ticular interest to the Bureau remains unchanged. This language concerns an amendment to existing law which would place the Trust Territory in the same category as insular possessions of the United States so far as importation free of duty into the United States is con- cerned, There is, however, an exception which would prevent the importation into the United States of fishery products free of duty unless the fish from which the fishery products are made are landed in the Trust Ter- ritory from American flag vessels or Trust Territory vessels manned by crews two-thirds of which are citi- zens of the United States or of the Trust Territory, The House on Aug. 5, 1963, passed, with amendments, H.R. 3198. PRICE-QUALITY STABILIZATION: Quality Stabili- zation--1963 (Hearings before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, House of Representatives, 88th Congress, 1st Session), 465 pp., printed, Contains hearings held April 23, 24, 26; May 14, and 15, 1963, on H. R. 3669, to amend the Fed- eral Trade Commission Act, to promote quality and price stabilization, to define and restrain certain un- fair methods of distribution and to confirm, define, and equalize the rights of producers and resellers in the distribution of goods identified by distinguishingbrands, names, or trademarks, and for other purposes and iden- tical bills; reports of various agencies; statements of members of Congress, Federal agencies, and industry people; and communications received by the Commit- tee. H. Rept. 566, Quality Stabilization Act (July 22, 1963, report of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com- merce, House of Representatives, 88th Congress, Ist Session), 99 pp., printed. The Committee reported favorably and recommended passage, with amendments, of H. R. 3669. Contains the principal purpose of the bill, Committee amendments, background information, need for legislation, paragraph-by-paragraph explana- tion, appendixes, and minority views. RESEARCH PROGRAMS: H. Res. 461 (Karth) July 29, 1963; H. Res. 476 (Fraser) Aug, 6, 1963; H. Res. 478 (Tupper) and H. Res. 480 (Fogarty) Aug. 7, 1963; H. Res. 485 (Gross) and H. Res. 489 (Martin) Aug. 12, 1963; and H. Res. 494 (Morse) introduced in House, to create a select committee to investigate expenditures for re- search programs conducted by or sponsored by the de- partments and agencies of the Federal Government; re- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW . ferred to Committee on Rules. Vol. 25, No. 9 Similar or identical to other bills previously introduced in House. The House Committee on Rules on Aug, 15, 1963, completed hearings on H. Res. 455 and similar resolu- tions; to create a select committee to investigate ex- penditures for research programs conducted by or sponsored by the departments and agencies of the Fed- eral Government, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OFFICE FOR CON- GRESS: S, 2038 (Bartlett) introduced in Senate Aug. 13, 1963, to establish in the legislative branch of the Gov- ernment a Congressional Office of Science and Tech- nology to advise and assist Members and Committees of the Congress on matters relating to science and technology; referred to Committee on Rules and Ad- ministration. The Congressional Office of Science and Technology (COST) will provide a nonpartisan profes - sional source of expert knowledge of science and tech- nology. An office of Science and Technology of the Sen- ate will serve the Senate; an office of Science and Tech- nology of the House of Representatives will serve the House. There will be a director of each office, men of eminent qualification chosen either by the Speaker or the President pro tempore. There will be sufficient as- sistant directors for the performance of the tasks of the office. It is comtemplated that the permanent COST staff will not exceed three or four professional mem- bers in either House. The staff will advise and assist, upon request, committees on questions of science and technology; make studies as requested by a committee or House; maintain a register of specialists with talent and wisdom, knowledgeable over the full spectrum of science; prepare reports on events in the scientific field that will be of interest and brought to the attention of several committees. COST will act as a clearinghouse; it would help committees and members find men with experience when needed in the scientific field. If the committee or member wishes to employ the services of the expert, compensation will be paid by the member or committee, not by COST, H. R. 8066 (Widnall) introduced in House Aug. 14, 1963, to establish in the legislative branch of the Gov- ernment the Congressional Office of Science and Tech- nology, which shall include an Office of Science and Technology of the Senate, and an Office of Science and Technology of the House of Representatives, which will provide professional services to Members of Congress in the same way that the Office of Legislative Counsel and the liaison offices of the Department of Defense do; referred to Committee on House Administration, Senator Bartlett (Alaska) presented a statement (Geer esse Record, pages 14891-14892) to the Sen- ate Aug, 23, 1963, concerning his bill S, 2038, establish- ing an Office of Science and Technology for Congress. He presented the names of twelve more sponsors for his bill, He also included several articles on the need for an office of science and technology in Congress. TUNA VESSEL SEIZURE: Senator Kuchel (Calif.) on Aug. 23, 1963, presented a statement (Congressional Record, pages 14937) on the seizure by Peru on Aug. 19, 1963, of the United States-flag tuna vessels which were fishing approximately 38 miles off the northern coast of Peru. VESSEL CONSTRUCTION SUBSIDY AMENDMENT: The Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conserva- September 1963 tion of the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries held hearings on Aug, 6 and 7, 1963, on H. R. 2172 and H. R. 2643, to amend the Act of June 12, 1960, for the correction of inequities in the construction of fishing vessels, and for other purposes. Testimony was given by Bureau of Commercial Fisheries personnel and various public witnesses. VOCATIONAL EDUCATION ACT OF 1963: H. R. 4955 (Perkins) introduced in House Mar. 18, 1963, _ strengthening and improving the quality of vocational education and expanding the vocational educational op- portunities in the Nation; referred to Committee on Education and Labor. The bill passed the House on Aug. 6, 1963, and is now pending before the Senate Com- mittee on Labor and Public Welfare. The bill would ex- tend the coverage of the Vocational and Education Act of 1946, as amended, which now permits, among other things, vocational education in the fishery trades, Makes additional Federal funds available for vocational education purposes. WATER POLLUTION: Water Pollution Control (Hearings before a Special Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution of the Committee on Public Works, U. S. Senate, 88th Congress, 1st Session), 722 pp., COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 115 printed. Contains hearings held June 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, and 26, 1963, on S. 649, to amend the Federal Wa- ter Pollution Control Act, as amended, to establish the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, to in- crease grants for construction of municipal sewage treatment works, to provide financial assistance to muncipalities and others for the separation of combined sewers, to authorize the issuance of regulations to aid in preventing, controlling, and abating pollution of in- terstate, or navigable waters, and for other purposes; S. 737, to promote water and air pollution control and abatement by authorizing the Secretary of Health, Edu- cation, and Welfare, to provide certain assistance to small business concerns in obtaining necessary treat- ment works; the statements of various Federal agen- cies, members of Congress, state and local govern- ments, and interested persons and organizations; agency reports; and communications received by the Committee. WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION: See Water Pollution for hearings held on Ss. 649. WATER POLLUTION CONTROL AID TO INDUSTRY: See Water Pollution for hearings held on 8. 737, PLAN TO USE SATELLITES FOR COLLECTION OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration has awardeda $97,000 study contract to Sylvania Electric Products, Inc., for prepara- tion of aplan to use satellites to collect weather and oceanographic data from unmanned weather stations, buoys, and balloons. Examples of data that mightbe collected in this way are air temper- ature, wave height, and oceancurrent velocity at various depths, the track- ing of icebergs, various forms of wildlife, search and rescue, and loca- tion of returned spacecraft. The satellite might interrogate individual stations by means of a code and the information could be stored on magnetic tape in the satellite. Uponcommand from the ground information would be received at a data retrieval station and distributed to various users. Hourly collection of data froma world-wide arrangement of stations would permit prompt analysis of contemporary datacollected, supplying basic data neededfor a better knowledge of many marine conditions and the associated weather. Possible benefits include: better forecasts, im- proved weather routing of ships, and location of water having tempera- tures and other characteristics favorable to marine life. Sylvania Electronic Systems Applied Research Laboratory, Waltham, Mass., will carry out the technical study under the direction of Future Applications Satellites Division, Office of Applications, NASA Headquar- ters. (Air Weather Service Observer, June 1963.) 116 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 9 = INDICATORS CHART | - FISHERY LANDINGS for SELECTED STATES In Millions of Pounds MAINE, MASSACHUSETTS, AND RHODE ISLAND CUMULATIVE DATA LEGEND: NEW JERSEY AND NEW YORK CUMULATIVE DATA 6 MQS. 1963 - 312.1 6 1962 - 334.2 MgS . 1963 - 157.3 12." 1962 - 622.7 1962 - 247.4 1962 - 552.0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC MARYLAND AND VIRGINIA CUMULATIVE DATA 120 CUMULATIVE DATA S MQs. 1963 - 121.6 =) 1962 - 120.1 12 1962 - 539.6 6 MQS, 1963 - 12071 6 “f- ioe2 - 12 1962 - 218.0 row EB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC CUMULATIVE DATA 6 MgS. 1963 - 80.9 6 , 1962 - 76.3 12 1962 - 184.4 CUMULATIVE DATA 6 MQS. 1963 - 487.9 6, 1962 - 456.5 12 1962 - 1,218.1 CALIFORNIA 2/ CUMULATIVE OATA 7 -MgS. 1963 - 256.0 7 , 1962 - 289.6 12 1962 - 521.2 JAN FES MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC V/UNLY PARTIAL--INCLUDING PRODUCTION OF MAUOR FISHER! © LANUINGS AT PRINCIPAL PORTS. 7 MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC AND MARKET FISH Pi airieeE eh eM OR eCke | September 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 117 CHART 2 - LANDINGS for SELECTED FISHERIES In Millions of Pounds | HADDOCK ; OCEAN PERCH (Maine and Massachusetts) - (Maine and Massachusetts) CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA 1963 - . o 6 + 1963 - 52.5 1962565: 6 a 1962 - 69.4 12 1962 - 124.2 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 1/. SHRIMP WHITING (Gulf States—' including Florida West Coast) (Maine and Massachusetts) CUMULATIVE DATA 6 MQS. 1963 - 66,0 6 , 1962 - 49.8 12 1962 - 150.3 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC V/LA. & ALA. DATA BASED ON LANDINGS AT PRINCIPAL PORTS AND ARE NOT COM PLETE. : In Thousands of Tons MENH/.DEN PACIFIC AND JACK MACKEREL (East and Gulf Coasts) (California) CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA 7 gS. 1963 - 473.0 7 MGS. 1963 - 31.1 7 4 1962 - 647.5 7 4 1962 - 30.3 12 1962 - 1,118.2 te 1962 - 69.2 In Thousands of PILCHARD (California) CUMULATIVE DATA A 7 MQS. 1963 - 1962/63 SEASON, Ty in 962 =, TOTAL . 12 1962 - 144.0 y 1961/62 SEASON, TOTAL - 22.3 LEGEND: — 1962/63 — — — 1961/62 AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 2/SEASON TOTAL, AUG. 1, 1962-FEB. 28, 1963. 3/SEASON TOTAL, AUG. 1, 1961-FeB. 26, 1962. 118 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 9 CHART 3 - COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS and FREEZINGS of FISHFRY PRODUCTS * U. S. FREEZINGS U. S, HOLDINGS CUMULATIVE DATA 7 WQS. 1963 - 198.0 7 , 1962 - 188.6 12 1962 - 343.5 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC MIDDLE & SOUTH ATLANTIC HOLDINGS?! 64 60 56 52 48 44 40 tt) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 2/acL EAST COAST STATES FROM N. Y. SOUTH. NEW ENGLAND HOLDiNGs!/ GULF & SOUTH CENTRAL HOLDINGS+ 28 24 20 16 12 8 4 0 JAN FEB MAR — MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC » NEBR. & KANS. 4/ALA., MISS., LA., TEX., ARK., KY., & TENN. JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC G/OH10, IND., ILL., MICH., WIS., MINN., 1OWA, MO., N. DAK, WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND ALASKA HOLDINGS CALIFORNIA HOLDINGS 32 28 24 20 16 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC * Excludes salted, cured, and smoked products. September 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 119 CHART 4 - RECEIPTS and COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS of FISHERY PRODUCTS at PRINCIPAL DISTRIBUTION CENTERS In Millions of Pounds RECEIPTS ay AT WHOLESALE SALT-WATER MARKET (Fresh and Frozen) NEW YORK COLD-STORAGE HoLpINGs2! CITY CUMULATIVE DATA 7 mgs. 1963 - 117.1 7 4 1962 - 117.6 12 1962 - 175.9 UAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC “T/INCLUDE TRUCK AND RAIL IMPORTS FROM CANADA AND DIRECT VESSEL LANDINGS AT NEW YORK CITY. RECEIPTS AT WHOLESALE MARKET (Fresh and Frozen) CHICAGO COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS CUMULATIVE DATA 7 MgS. 1963 - 36.6 7 n 1962 ~ 43.0 12 1962 - 74.1 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC SEATTLE WHOLESALE MARKET RECEIPTS, LANDINGS, & IMPORTS (Fresh and Frozen) CUMULATIVE DATA COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS . 1963 - 54.6 1962 - 48.5 1962 - 95.2 LEGEND: JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC i FISH MEAL (In Thousands of Tons) CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA . 1963 - 130.5 7 -MgS. 1963 - 98.5 7 1962 - 174.4 5 1962 - 142.2 1962 - 288.3 12 1962 - 255.8 FISH OIL 01 UAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 120 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW CHART 6- CANNED PACKS of SELECTED FISHERY PRODUCTS In Thousands of Standard Cazes TUNA AND TUNALIKE FISH - CALIFORNIA CUMULATIVE DATA yee 1963 - 4,770. 1962 - 4 6}877.8 4 12 1962 - 107607. tt) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC ANCHOVIES - CALIFORNIA CUMULATIVE DATA + 1963 - 26.1 1962 - 5,1 1962 - 16.4 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC SARDINES! CUMULATIVE DATA (Estimated) - MAINE 1963 SEASON, APR.-AUG. - 1,329.0 1962 SEASON, - 1,427.0 APR.-AUG. 2 peeeee 1962 SEASON, 3 TOTAL - 2,144.4 © JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC | 1/ INCLUDING SEA HERRING. 2/ THE 1962 SEASON STARTED DEC. 2, T967, SARDINES - CALIFORNIA 1962/63 SEASON, TOTAL 1961/62 SEASON, TOTAL - 504.4] et BEASON TOTAL, AUG, 1, 1062-FEB, 28, 1963. SEASON TOTAL, AUG, 1, 1961-FEB, 28, 1962, AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY LEGEND: LEGEND: ———— 1962/63 === 1961/62|280 240 200 160 120 MACKEREL ol CALIFORNIA CUMULATIVE DATA - 1963 - 568.6 Vol. 25, No. 9 7 1962 - 518.0 "1962 - 1,220.4 SALMON - ALASKA CUMULATIVE DATA 3 MGS. 1963 - 2,606.5 3 we 1962 - 3192.8 12 1962 - 3,511.1 SARDINES..... ANCHOVIES... 48 8 0 AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 0 rad JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC STANDARD CASES Variety No. Cans Designation + drawn Net Wet. 100 32 oz. 48 oe 5 oz. 48 #3 tuna 6&7 oz. 48 # 1 oval 15 oz. 48 1-Ib, tall 16 oz. oz. CUMULATIVE DATA 1962/63 SEASON, AUG. -JULY 1961/62 SEASON, - 858.0 AUG, -JULY 1961/62 SEASON, TOTAL - 589.7 - 589.7 oh AN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY September 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 121 CHART .7 - U.S. FISHERY PRODUCTS IMPORTS of Pounds FILLETS & STEAKS OTHER THAN GROUNDFISH GROUNDFISH (including O. P h) FILLET, (including Ocean Perch) Ss Rreshiandinror en) CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA 7 mgs. 1963 - 124.1 7 MS. 1963 - 39.1 7S i362 | 120:5 17 , 1962 - 40.8 r ]12 1962 - 76.4 12 1962 - 221.4 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC SHRIMP FROM MEXICO (Fresh and Frozen) CUMULATIVE DATA 7 MQS. 1963 - 38.9 7 , 1962 - 37.2 12 1962 - 77.7 7 NQS. 1963 - 36.1 Lor 1962 - 40.8 12 1962 - 58.0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC Tuna2! SEA HERRING, FRESH, THROUGH MAINE PORTS (Fresh and Frozen) : CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA 7 Mgs. 1963 - 125.3 7 4 1962 - 161.9 12 1962 - 272.5 6 QS. 1963 - 4.5 6 , 1962 - 15.2 12 1962 - 50.3 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 1/ EXCLUDES LOINS AND DISCS. U. S. IMPORTS OF CANNED TUNA AND TUNALIKE FISH CANNED SARDINES (in Oil and in Brine) i : in Oil and not in Oil) CUMULATIVE DATA | CUMULATIVE DATA 7 MgS, 1963 - 32,8 7 4 1962 - 39,9 12 1962 - 65.4 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 122 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 9 EZ FISHERY PUBLICATIONS <4 - Le Ln, ee aT a Le eI eT CL See ta ¢ 4 me 2p commana: 9 aT bases PD. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE Wholesale Dealers in Fishery Products, 1962 (Revised): SL- 6 - New York Coastal TE 10 pp. SL- 9 - Delaware, 1 p. PUBLICATIONS SL-10 - Maryland, 10 pp. THESE PROCESSED PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE FREE FROM THE SL-22 - Oregon, 3 pp. OFFICE OF INFORMATION, U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, WASHING- SL-23 - Washington, 7 pp. TON 25, D. C. TYPES OF PUBLICATIONS ARE DESIGNATED AS FOLLOWS: CFS - CURRENT FISHERY STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES. Sep. No. 683 - Mechanizing the Blue Crab Industry - SEP.- SEPARATES (REPRINTS) FROM COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW. Part Il- Measures for the Immediate Relief Through SL - STATISTICAL LISTS OF DEALERS IN AND PRODUCERS OF FISH- ERY PRODUCTS AND BYPRODUCTS. SSR.- FISH. - SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORTS--FISHERIES (LIMITED DISTRIBUTION) Sep. No. 684 - Activation of U.S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries Research Vessel George B. Kelez. Worker Specialization, Number Title CFS-3164 - Maine Landings, by County, Gear, and SSR-Fish. No, 440 - The King Salmon of Cook Inlet, Subarea, 1962 Annual Summary, 15 pp. Alaska, by Robert M. Yancey and Fredrik V. CFS-3168 - Maine Landings, by Months, 1962 Annual Thorsteinson, 22 pp., illus., 1963. Summary, 7 pp. CFS-3181 - Mississippi Landings, February 1963, 3 pp. | Annual Report of the Commissioner, Fish and Wildlife CFS-3185 - Imports & Exports of Fishery Products, Service, to the Secretary of the Interior, 1962, 63 1958-1962, Annual Summaries, 11 pp. pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from the Annual Re- CFS-3203 - Texas Landings, January 1963, 3 pp. port of the Secretary of the Interior, for the Fiscal CFS-3204 - Texas Landings, February 1963, 3 pp. Year ended June 30, 1962, pp. 265-323.) Summarizes CFS-3207 - South Carolina Landings, April 1963, 3 pp. the various activities of the Service. Describes the CFS-3209 - Georgia Landings, April 1963, 3 pp. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research and de- CFS-3211 - New Jersey Landings, April 1963, 3 pp. velopment programs, conferences, services to indus- CFS-3212 - Rhode Island Landings, March 1963, 3 pp. try, developments in foreign fisheries and trade, CFS-3213 - Wisconsin Landings, April 1963, 2 pp. international programs, Columbia River develop- CFS-3214 - Shrimp Landings, November 1962, 8 pp. ment program, fur-seal operations, and construction CFS-3216 - Fish Meal and Oil, April 1963, 2 pp. of research laboratories and vessels. Also covers CFS-3217 - New York Landings, April 1963, 4 pp. the activities of the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and CFS-3218 - Virginia Landings, April 1963, 3 pp. Wildlife, including the management of wildlife and CFS-3219 - Ohio Landings, April 1963, 3 pp. sport fishery resources, wildlife and fishery re- CFS-3220 - Frozen Fishery Products, May 1963, 8 pp. search, and fish and wildlife and outdoor recreation, CFS-3221 - Shrimp Landings, December 1962, 8 pp. hacueeecarA CFS-3222 - Mississippi Landings, April 1963, 3 pp. THE FOLLOWING ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF FOREIGN = CFS-3223 - Louisiana Landings, April 1963, 2 pp. ERIES DTOLOGICALIEABORATORY: BOX S60), RONCLULUS) ANAITTE Raina CFS-3224 - Maryland Landings, April 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3225 - Maine Landings, April 1963, 4 pp. A ey Pasa tor SS SE = We ier esata Weta ALES) Baa Tokum! Mori, 8 pp., illus, processed, (Translated CFS-3231 - ee J are we ae see fees 3 shay be from the Japanese, Bulletin of the Japanese Society MRSC ee ea ed > 9 PP. of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 16,no, 2, 1950, pp. 35-39.) CFS-3232 - California Landings, April 1963, 4 pp. = D CFS-3233 - Rhode Island Landings, April 1963, 3 pp. Studie F pps ne i 5 2 ; s of Dolphin Fishing Conditions in the WesternSea CFS-3234 - Fish Meal and Ou, May 1963, 2 pp. of Japan, I., by Shumpei Kojima, 11 pp., illus., proc- Seer e288 ii Spe oer grea Sei Mein hala essed. (Translated from the Japanese, Bulletin of CFS-3238 aa pay Op aC ee Bor ay) EBPs the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 20, = - Michigan Landings, April 1963, 3 pp. nol id. 1955 1044-1040 ——_——— CFS-3239 - Alabama Landings, 1962 Annual Summary, Ged » PP. 049.) 5 pp. II Nop W - 4 : A . Il-- Tsuke Rafts and their Attraction for CFS-3241 - Florida Landings, May 1963, 8 pp. —the Fish, by Shumpei Kojima, 7 pp. illus., proc- CFS-3242 - Georgia Landings, May 1963, 3 pp. 3 CFS-3245 - Virginia Landings, May 1963, 3 pp. essed, (Translated from the Japanese, Bulletin of September 1963 the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 21, | no. 10, 1956, pp. 1049-1052.) - Iil--On the Stomach Contents of Dolphin, by Shumpei Kojima, 8 pp., illus., processed. (Trans- lated from the Japanese, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 27, no. 7, 1961, pp. 625-629, - V--On the Species of Fish Attracted to "Tsuke™ Rafts, by Shumpei Kojima, 4pp., processed. (Translated from the Japanese, Bulletin of the Jap- anese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol, 26, no. 4, 1960, pp. 379-382. - VI--On the Ecology of the Groups of Fish Congregating Around 'Tsuke"' Rafts, by Shumpei Kojima, 10 pp., illus., processed. (Translated from the Japanese, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 26, no. 4, 1960, pp. 383-388.) Studies of Drifting Sea Weeds: Larval and Juvenile Fishes Accompanying Drifting Sea Weed. I--In- vestigations in the Vicinity of Tsuyazaki in Fiscal Year 1957, by Keitaro Webideyend Yoichi Shojima, 7 pp., illus., processed. (Translated from the Jap- anese, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 24, nos. 6 and 7, 1958, pp. 411-415.) Underwater Fisheries Research in the U.S.S.R., by V.I. Zaitsev, 11 pp., illus., processed. (Translated from the Russian, Okeanologiia, vol. 2, no. 6, 1962, pp. 961-969.) THE FOLLOWING ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF A FOREIGN LANGUAGE AR~ TICLE 1S NOT FOR GENERAL DISTRIBUTION BUT IS AVAILABLE FOR REF- FISHERIES, U. S. HONOLULU, HAWATI. On Estimating Tuna Fishing Condition in the North Pa- cific Ocean, by Akira Suda, 7pp., processed, (Trans- lated from the Japanese, Tuna Fishing, no, 54, No- vember 10, 1958, pp. 27-31.) THE FOLLOWING PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE SPE- CIFIC OFFICE MENTIONED. California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, Part I - Fishery Products Production and Market Data, May and June 1963, 16 pp., each. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Post Office Bldg., Room 208, San Pedro, Calif.) Califor- nia cannery receipts of tuna and tunalike fish and other species used for canning; pack of canned tuna, tunalike fish, mackerel, and anchovies; market fish receipts at San Pedro, Santa Monica, and Eureka areas; California and Arizona imports; canned fish and frozen shrimp prices; ex-vessel prices for cannery fish; for-the months indicated, California Fishery Market News Summary, Part II - Fishing Information, June 1963, 8 pp., illus. (U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Biological Labo- ratory, P,O. Box 6317, Pt. Loma Station, San Diego 6, Calif.) Contains sea-surface temperatures, fishing and research information of interest to the West Coast tuna-fishing industry and marine scientists; for the month indicated. (Chicago) Monthly Summary of Chicago's Wholesale arket Fresh and Frozen Fisher Braducts Receipt . Prices, and Trends, June 1963, rs pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Customs House, 610 S, Canal St., Room 1014, Chica- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 123 go 7, lll.) Receipts at Chicago by species and by states and provinces for fresh- and salt-water fish and shellfish; and weekly wholesale prices for fresh and frozen fishery products; for the month indicated. Fishery Industrial Research, vol. 2, no. 1, September 1962, 61 pp., illus., processed, (Branch of Reports, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S. Fishand Wild- life Service, Washington 25, D.C.) This is the second $S Se] y S29 FISHER INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH VOLUME 2 United states Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Ser ive N01) Bureau of Commercial Pishevies issue of a new periodical which will be published ir- regularly and will present papers devoted to research on problems of the fishing industry. Includes articles on: ''Quality Changes in Whiting Stored in Ice as In- dicated by Organoleptic and Objective Tests," by Joseph M. Mendelsohn and John A. Peters; "Effect of Cooking Methods on the Sodium Content of Halibut, Haddock, and Flounder," by Bernard I, Sohn and Maynard A, Steinberg; ''Proximate Composition Changes in Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) during Spawning Migration," by Clande E. Thurston and H, William Newman; ''Mechanically Deicing and Weighing Groundfish at the Dock in New England," by John A, Peters, Joseph W. Slavin, and Arvey H. Linda; "Methods of Separation of Fatty Acids from Fish Oils with Emphasis on Industrial Applications," by Edward H. Gruger, Jr.; "Storage of Fish in Re- frigerated Sea Water. I--Quality Changes in Ocean Perch as Determined by Organoleptic and Chemical Analyses," by Edward H, Cohen and John A, Peters; "New-Type Multiple Debreader," by Melvin E. Wa- ters and D. J. Bond. Gulf of Mexico Monthly Landings, Production and Ship- ments of Fishery Products, ctl and May 1963, 8 pp. each, (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Room 609, 600 South St., New Orleans 12, La.) Gulf States shrimp, oyster, finfish, and blue crab landings; crab meat production; LCL express shipments from New Orleans; wholesale prices of fish and shellfish on the New Orleans French Market; 124 fishery imports at Port Isabel and Brownsville, Texas, from Mexico; and sponge sales; for the months indicated, Japan-Soviet Private Kelp Fishery Agreement, 6 pp., illus. (Bureau of Commercial Hieheries Ue S. Fig and Wildlife Service, 101 Seaside Ave., Terminal Island, Calif.) Japan and the Soviet Union concluded a private kelp fishery agreement on June 10, 1963. Events leading to the conclusion of this agreement are described. A full translation of the text of the private agreement is also included. New England Fisheries--Monthly Summary, June 1963, 21 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wild- life Service, 10 Commonwealth Pier, Boston 10, Mass.) Review of the principal New England fishery ports. Presents data on fishery landings by ports and species; industrial-fish landings and ex-vessel prices; imports; cold-storage stocks of fishery prod- ucts in New England warehouses; fishery landings and ex-vessel prices for ports in Massachusetts (Boston, Gloucester, New Bedford, Provincetown, and Woods Hole), Maine (Portland and Rockland), Rhode Island (Point Judith), and Connecticut (Stoning - ton); frozen fishery products prices to primary wholesalers at Boston, Gloucester, and New Bedford; and Boston Fish Pier and Atlantic Avenue fishery landings and ex-vessel prices by species; for the month indicated, (Seattle) Washington and Alaska Receipts and Landings of Fishery Products for Selected Rresarenid Fish- eries, Monthly Summary, June 1963, 9 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 706 Federal Office Bldg., 909 First Ave., Seattle 4, Wash.) Includes Seattle's landings by the halibut and salmon fleets reported through the exchanges; land- ings of halibut reported by the International Pacific Halibut Commission; landings of otter-trawl vessels as reported by the Fishermen's Marketing Associa- tion of Washington; local landings by independent vessels; coastwise shipments from Alaska by sched- uled and non-scheduled shipping lines and airways; imports from British Columbia via rail, motor truck, shipping lines, and ex-vessel landings; imports from other countries through Washington customs district; for the month indicated; and Alaska Canned Salmon Pack--1962-1963. MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS FROM THE FISH AND WILD- MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM, SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO THE RESPECTIVE ORGANIZATION OR PUBLISHER MENTIONED. DATA ON PRICES, IF READILY AVAILABLE, ARE SHOWN, VAILABLE ANY LISTED PUBLICATION PRECEDED BY AN ASTERISK IS A ON LOAN FROM THE NATIONAL LENDING LIBRARY FOR SCIENCE AND TECH- NOLOGY, D. S. I. R., BOSTON SPA, YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND. ABALONE: d Neuemteal Studies on the Meat of Abalone. II- -(Hali- otis discus Hannai) Detection of Mucoprotein in and Decomposition of Abalone Meat, by Biichi Tanikawa, Minoru Akiba, and Jiro Yamashita, ar- ticle, Bulletinof the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, vol. 12, February 1962, pp. 293-308, printed. Hokkaido University, Kameda-Machi, Ho- kodate, Japan. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 9 ALASKA: Alaska Commercial Fishery Operators, 1962, Statisti- cal Leaflet No, 4, 17 pp., ilfus., printed. Depart- ment of Fish and Game, Subport Bldg., Juneau, Alaska. Alaska Fishery Operators, 1961, Statistical Leaflet No. 2, 16 pp., printed. Department of Fish and Game, Subport Bldg., Juneau, Alaska. ALGINATES: "Alginates from Seaweed," by E.R. Webber, article, Food Manufacture, vol. 37, July 1962, pp. 328-330, printed. Leonard Hill Ltd., 9 Eden Street, London, NW1, England. "Studies on Alginase, IV--Investigation of Reactivi- ties,'' by Isami Tsujino and Tsuneyuki Saito, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fish- eries, vol. 29, no. 1, January 1963, pp. 58-65, illus., printed in Japanese with summary in English. Japa- nese Society of Scientific Fisheries, c/o Tokyo Uni- versity of Fisheries, Shiba Kaigandori 6, Minato-ku, Japan, AQUATIC PLANTS: Control of Aquatic Plants, by Frederick A. Meyer, In- land Fisheries Informational Leaflet No, 18, 5 pp., illus., processed, California Department of Fishand Game, Inland Fisheries Branch, 722 Capitol Mall, Sacramento 14, Calif., revised May 1963. A leaflet designed to aid the pond owner with an aquatic plant problem in his efforts to control these plants, Dis- cusses infestations by and treatment of algae, micro- scopic plants which give water its green color; sub- mergents, growths rooted in the bottom and normally having all of their parts under water; and emergents, plants rooted in the bottom with some parts well above water or floating on the surface, AUSTRALIA: "Parasitic Copepoda from Australian Waters," by Poul Heegaard, article, Records of the Australian Museum, vol, 24, no. 9, 1962, pp. 147-233, illus., printed, Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia. AUSTRIA: Establishing a Business in Austria, OBR-63-99, 20pp., printed, 15 cents. Bureau of International Com- merce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C., April 1963. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.) Summarizes the relevant Aus- trian policies and regulations in the fields of invest- ment, business organization, employment, taxation, export promotion, trade license requirements, .and other matters affecting the establishment and opera- tion of business enterprises by non-Austrian nation- als. BALTIC SEA: Salmon and Porpoise in the Baltic; Preliminary Com- munication, by Arne Lindroth, no. 6, 5 pp., illus., printed. Salmon and Trout Committee, International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Charlotten- lund-Slot, Denmark, 1961, BYPRODUCTS: "The Utilization of Fish Skins for Glue and Other Products," by A. Guttmann, article, Progress Re- orts of the Atlantic Coast Stations, No. 3 August , pp. 3-10, printed. Queen's Printer and Con- troller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. September 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 125 CALIFORNIA: "Commercial Freshwater Fisheries of California," by Sterling P. Davis, article, California Fish and Game, vol. 49, no. 2, April 1963, pp. 84-94, illus., printed, single copy 75 cents. California Depart- ment of Fish and Game, Printing Division, Docu- ments Section, Sacramento 14, Calif, CAMBODIA: "Fish and Water in Cambodia," by K. Krishna Moorthy, article, Far Eastern Economic Review, vol. XL, no. 7, May 1963, pp. 375-377, illus., printed. Far East- ern Economic Review, Ltd., 412 Marina House, Hong Kong. CANADA: Fisheries Council of Canada, Annual Review 1963, 79 pp., illus., printed. Fisheries Council of Canada, Room 703, 77 Metcalfe Street, Ottawa 4, Canada. Includes, among others, the following articles: "High Seas Salmon Research," by Roy I. Jackson; "Canada's National and Territorial Waters;" ''The Scallop Industry," by G. J. Gillespie; and ''Fisheries Policy in the European Common Market," by P. T. Eastham, 32nd Annual Report, 1961, Department of Fisheries, Cat. No. Fs 96h, 156 pp., illus., printed, 50 Ca- nadian cents. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada, 1963, Presents an ac- count of the functions and activities of the Depart- ment of Fisheries for the year 1961, and the finan- cial statements of the Department for the fiscal year 1961/62. Covers in detail the work of the Depart- ment's Conservation and Development, Inspection, Economics, Information and Consumer, and Indus- trial Development Services. Also covers activities of departmental vessels, the Fishermen's Indemnity Plan, Fisheries Prices Support Board, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, international commis- sions, and special commissions. Canada's Pacific Coast, Lakes, and Atlantic Coast fisheries are also discussed, Statistics cover the quantity and value of fish and shellfish landed, exports by types of products, number of fishermen in Canada, and value of fishing craft and gear, The appendix contains financial statements, and reports on fish culture de- velopment. CANNING: "Oversikt over den Danske Fiskehelkonservesindus- tri’ (Survey of the Danish Fish Canning Industry), by Hakon Nielsen, article, Tidsskrift for Hermeti- kindustri, vol. 49, no. 5, May 1963, pp. 190- 194-195, printed in Norwegian. Norske Hermetikfa- brikers Landsforening, Stavanger, Norway. CARIBBEAN SEA: Association of Island Marine Laboratories, Fourth Meeting, 32 pp., illus., processed. Universidad de Puerto Rico, Oficina de Informacion y Publicaciones, Seccion de Impresos, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, Con- tains papers presented at the fourth meeting of the Association of Island Marine Laboratories, spon- sored by the Caraibisch Marien Biologisch Instituut, held in Curacao, Netherlands Antilles, November 18- 21, 1962, in Marine Fish Distribution in the Car- Discontinuity in in ibbean, by Donald S. Erdman, 5 pp., printed. (Re- printed from Caribbean Agriculture, vol. 1, no. 2, March 1963, pp. 127-131.) Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, Departamento de Agricultura, San Juan, Puerto Rico. CARRAGEENAN: Genu Carrageenan, 35 pp., illus., printed. A/S Ko- benhavns Pektinfabrik (The Copenhagen Pectin Fac- tory Ltd.), Lille Skensved, Denmark, Carrageenan is an extract of the red seaweeds, Chondrus crispus and Gigartina stellata, although the name is often given to extracts from types of Euchema and Iridea, The extracts are stabilizing, gelling, and viscosity increasing substances widely used in foods, The booklet describes the assumed molecular structure of carrageenan, the average composition, chemical and physical characteristics, analytical and test methods, and the evaluation of gels made with car- rageenan using 4 instruments--the Ridgelimeter, the Bloom gelometer, the Gelometer, andthe FIRA tester, An attached leaflet entitled "Fish in Jelly," describes the gels available and how to prepare and use them, CEYLON; Administration Report of the Director of Fisheries for 1960-61, Part IV--Education, Science and Art (L), _ 65 pp., printed in Ceylonese and English, 2730 (about 50 U.S. cents). Government Publications Bureau, P.O. Box 500, Colombo, Ceylon, Report on the ac- tivities and accomplishments of the Ceylon Depart- ment of Fisheries for 1960/61, Includes, among other data, information on programs of the organi- zation; disputes and regulations; benefits for fisher- men; fishery loans; coastal navigation aids; and fish- ing harbors, It covers fresh- and brackish-water fisheries; pearl fisheries; fish factory at Mutwal; cooperative fish sales union; and fishery research, Also contains statistical tables on imports and ex- ports of fish and fishery products; and production of fresh and cured fish for 1960/61. CHESAPEAKE BAY: Atlas of Salinity and Temperature Distributions in Chesapeake Bay 1952-1961 and Seasonal Averages 1940-1961, by E, D. Stroup and R.J. Lynn, Graphical Summary Report 2, Reference 63-1, 417 pp., illus., processed, Chesapeake Bay Institute, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., February 1963. CLAMS: "A New Digger for Soft-Shell Clams," by J.S. Mac- Phail and J. C. Medcof, article, Trade News, vol, 15, no. 9, March 1963, pp. 3-5, illus., processed. Di- rector of Information and Consumer Service, De- partment of Fisheries, Ottawa, Canada. Describes a new hydraulic clam digger, its operation, and com- mercial fishing trials. Also discusses hydraulic digging and the future of the clam fishery. COD: "Merkeforsok pa brisling i fjorder pa Vestandet, 1961-1962" (Tagging of Cod in the Western Bay, 1961-1962), by Kaare R. Gundersen, article, Fiskets Gang, vol. 49, no, 21, May 23, 1963, pp. 300-304, printed in Norwegian. Fiskets Gang, Fiskeridirek- toratet, Radstuplass 10, Bergen, Norway. "Salt-Fish Flavour in Frozen Cod Fillets Prepared from Stored Frozen Shore Cod Thawed in Sea Wa- ter," by W.J. Dyer and others, article, Progress 126 Reports of the Atlantic Coast Stations, No. 73, Au- gust 1962, pp. 17-19, printed. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. COLD STORAGE: "Physical and Chemical Changes in Fish Muscle dur- ing Cold Storage," by Hans Buttkus and H. L.A. Tarr, article, Food Technology, vol. 16, August 1962, pp. 84-88, printed. The Garrard Press, 510 North Hick- ory, Champaign, Il, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES BUREAU OF: "B.C. F., 1961 Activities--Worldwide in Scope," by Donald L. McKernan, article, Fishing Gazette, An- nual Review Number, vol. 79, pp. 18-24, printed. Fishing Gazette Publishing Corp., 461 8th Ave., New York 1, N.Y. CONVENIENCE FOODS: Convenience Foods in the Grocery Basket, by Harry H. Harp and Denis F, Dunham, Marketing Bulletin No. 22, 10 pp., illus., printed, 10 cents. Marketing Economics Division, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., September 1962. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Wash- ington 25, D.C.) Although fishery products are not specifically mentioned, it is of general interest to those that handle such products, CRABS: Growth of Mature Female King Crab PARALITHODES CAMTSCHATICA (Tilesius), by George W. Gray Jr., Informational Leaflet No, 26, 5 pp., illus., processed. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Subport Bldg., Juneau, Alaska, April 1963. DECOMPOSITION: "Chemical Indexes of Decomposition in Cod Stored in Natural Ice and in Chlortetracycline (CTC) Ice," by Fred Hillig and others, article, Journal of the As- sociation of Official Agricultural Chemists, vol, 45, August 1962, pp. 694-724, printed. Journal of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, P.O. Box 540, Benjamin Franklin Station, Washington 4, D. Cc. DIRECTORIES: World Fishing Guide, 1963, 155 pp., illus., printed in English, German, and Spanish, 60 s, (about US$8.40), John Trundell and Partners Ltd., St. Richard's House, Eversholt St. London NW1, England, An In- ternational commercial fishing service covering Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Fin- land, France, Holland, Italy, Japan, Norway, Portu- gal, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States, and West Germany. Con- sists of 2 directories: the first for manufacturers of fishing gear and equipment; the other for fishing ves- sel builders. The manufacturers are listed alpha- betically by type of product under 239 headings, grouped under country of manufacture. The builders are presented alphabetically by countries, A prod- uct index makes it easy to locate the manufacturer of any particular item. The principal objective of this guide is to supply a multi-language directory of the gear and equipment made throughout the world for use by the commercial fishing industry. The publishers have concentrated in particular on the most important items of fishing equipment, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 9 such as nets, winches, and fish-finding equip- ment, DOLPHIN: Vocal Behavior of the Bottlenose Dolphin, by John C. Lilly, 10 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Pro- ceedings of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 106, no. 6, December 1962, pp. 520-529. ommuni- cation Research Institute, Miami, Fla., April 27, 1962. ECOLOGY: Ecology of Fishes, by G. V. Nikolsky, 352 pp., illus., printed, $12. Academic Press, 111 Fifth Ave., New York 3, N. Y., January 1963. The present edition is based on Professor Nikolsky's book The Biology of Fishes, published in 1944, though this has been radically revised. Chapters on the role of fishes in the life of mankind, and on the biological bases ofa rational fishery have been added, All the remaining chapters have been virtually rewritten. Following a short introduction, in which the basic theoretical con- cepts of modern fish ecology are examined, conclu- sions are drawn concerning the interrelations be- tween the fish and its organic and inorganic environ- ment, In the second part of the book the fundamental links in the life-histories of fishes are examined. In selecting the examples, the author has used, where possible, data concerning species of commercial im- portance, EXPORTS: "U.S, Exporters Now Offered Faster, More Flexible Credit Insurance, Guarantee System," by Ada Wrig- ley, article, International Commerce, vol. 69, no, 12, March 25, 1963, pp. 2-5, printed, single copy 35 cents. U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington D.C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.) A summary of the export credit insurance and guarantee programs, instituted as part of the U.S. efforts to increase exports. Five programs are available to help U.S. exporters extend credit on favorable commercial terms to their customers abroad, Using these facilities, exporters are now able to compete actively with foreign firms oncredit terms. FACTORYSHIPS: "The Development of Factoryships and of Related Media in Ocean Fisheries," article, Norwegian Fish- ing and Maritime News, vol. 10, no, 1, 1963, pp. 27, 29, 31, printed. Fishing and Maritime News, P.O. Box 740, Slottsgt. 3, Bergen, Norway. FAROE ISLANDS: Faroes in Figures, no. 22, June 1963, 6 pp., printed, Faroes in Figures, Faero Amts Sparekasse, Copen- hagen, Denmark, A review of the fisheries in the Faroes during 1962, Also contains financial data and statistics on fish production and exports. "Forsoksfiske vest av Irland--Faeroyane (Experimen- tal Fisheries West of Ireland--the Faroe Islands),"' by Vaermund Dahl and Steinar Haraldsvik, article, Fiskets Gang, vol. 48, no, 44, November 1, 1962, pp. 598-600, illus., printed in Norwegian, Fiskets Gang, Fiskeridirektoratet, Radstuplass 10, Bergen, Norway. FATTY ACIDS: "Conversionof the Free Fatty Acids of Cod Oil to Meth- yl Esters in Situ," by R, G. Ackman and others, article, September 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 127 Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol, 19, July 1962, pp. 605-614, printed, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada, ic principles are the same in all areas but methods must be adapted to the conditions peculiar to a par- ticular area. It is not enough to transfer a system of fish culture from one area to another area with completely different enviornmental requirements,’ t FEEDS: "Chemical and Biological Evaluation of Some Protein Feeds for Poultry," by I. Ascarelli and B, Gestetner, FISHERMEN: The Fishermen, by Jeremy Tunstall, printed, 25 s. (about US$3.50). MacGibbon & Kee Ltd., 2 Guilford London SW1, England, Pl,, London WC1, England, 1962. The author, after briefly outlining the history of trawler fishing in Hull, deals with the fishing of today and describes Hull it- self and the fish docks, the methods of recruitment into the industry, and the life of the fishermenat sea and in between trips. Presented are details of the fisherman's domestic life, the earnings of crews and skippers, and the economics of the fishery as a whole. "Maine Studies Value of Fish, Fermentation Products for Broilers," article, Feedstuffs, vol. 34, Septem- ber 8, 1962, p. 64, printed. Miller Publishing Co., 2501 Wayzata Blvd., Minneapolis 5, Minn, FISH BAIT: "Fish Preservation Inquiries, The Preservation of Fish Bait'' (Parts 1 and 2), by W. A. Montgomery and A.R. Prater, articles, Fisheries Newsletter (Australia), vol. 21, no, 7, July 1962, p. 17; andvol. 21, no, 8, August 1962, p. 17, printed. Commonwealth Fisheries Office, Department of Primary Industry, Camberra, Australia. FISH FARMING: "Arkansas Firm Major Contributor to Development of Fish Farming, by Jess F. Blair, article, Feedstuffs, vol, 34, September 22, 1962, pp. 58-60, printed. Mil- ler Publishing Co., 2501 Wayzata Blvd., Minneapo- lis 5, Minn, FISHING LIMITS: "T textension a douze milles des zones de peche"” (The Extension of Fishing Zones to Twelve Miles), article, La Peche Maritime, vol. 42, no, 1022, May 1963, pp. 297-299, illus., printed in French, La Peche Mari- time, 190 Boulevard Haussmann, Paris, France. FISH COOKERY: Tuna: As You Like it, 23 pp., illus., printed. Tuna Research Foundation, Dept. 300, Ferry Bldg., Ter- minal Island, Calif., 1963. A color-illustrated leaf- let offering tuna recipes and information, Presents the history oftuna canning, the species oftuna used com - mercially, 39 tuna recipes, the nutritional value of tuna, the tuna fishermenand their fishing methods, how tuna is canned, and styles of pack. Included are recipes for casseroles, salads, sandwiches, soups, and appetizers. FISH CULTURE: ; Fish Culture: Its History and Techniques, by C. F. Hickling, 295 pp., printed. Faber & Faber Ltd., 23- 24 Russell Sq., London WC1, England, 1962. "Neglected Aspects of Fish Culture," by G, A. Prowse, FISH MEAL: "Chemical and Nutritional Changes in Stored Herring Meal, 3--Effect of Heating at Controlled Moisture Contents on the Binding of Amino Acids in Freeze- Dried Herring Press Cake and in Related Model Sys- tems," by K. J. Carpenter and Clare B. Morgan, ar- ticle, British Journal of Nutrition, vol, 16, 1962, pp. 451-465, printed. Cambridge University Press, 200 Euston Rd,, London NW1, England. FISH MUSCLE: "Species Differences of Some Members of Salmonidae article, Current Affairs Bulletin, no. 36, April 1963, pp. 1-9, illus., printed. Indo-Pacific Fisheries Coun- cil, FAO Regional Office, Bangkok, Thailand, A num- ber of neglected aspects of fish culture are discussed. Attention is drawn to the importance of the digesti- Based on Their Muscle Myogen Patterns," by H. Tsuyuki and E, Roberts, 5 pp., illus., printed, (Re- printed from Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 20, no. 1, 1963, pp. 101-104, een's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada, bility of the algal food components, and the effect of different fertilizers on the nature of the algae is de- scribed, Surface algal scums show disadvantages through autoshading and oxygen deficiency, Over- fertilization is shown to have a deleterious effect, leading to lack of oxygen. The pros and cons of nat- ural aquatic macrophytes and supplementary land plants as fish food are discussed, particularly in re- lation to oxygen balance. The optimum size ofa pond is discussed in relation to the "living-space" phe- nomenon, evaporation, lateral seepage and vertical capillary movement through bunds, and the consider- able loss through transpiration of the plants growing on the bunds, The importance of the ratio of surface area to depth in relation to oxygenbalance is stressed. Finally the implications of genetic selection and im- provement are discussed, including the possibility of selection pressure under adverse conditions, The author points out that, ''The article is not intended to lay down hard and fast rules, but rather to draw at- tention to neglected aspects of fish culture, The bas- FISH OIL: "Air Blowing of Cod-Liver Oil and other Marine Oils," by P. M. Jangaard and R, G, Ackman, article, Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 19, September 1962, pp. 839-849, printed. Queen's Print- er and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada, FISH SOLUBLES: "Researchers Move Closer to Identificationof Unknown Factor," article, Feedstuffs, vol, 34, September 22, 1962, p. 87, printed. Miller Publishing Co., 2501 Wayzata Blvd., Minneapolis 5, Minn, "Solubles de pescado" (Fish Solubles), by Manuel Lopez Benito, article, Puntal--Revista Maritima Pesquera, vol, X, no. 107, February 1963, pp. 2-5, illus., processed, Puntal--Revista Maritima y Pes- quera, Ramon y Cajal 3, Apartado 316, Alicante, Spain. 128 FISH TRANSPORTATION: "Shippers and Carriers Cooperate to Improve Fish Transportation,'' by Carl P. Hoffman, Jr., article, Fishing Gazette, Annual Review Number, vol. 79, pp. 114-118, printed. Fishing Gazette Publishing Corp., 461 8th Ave., New York 1, N.Y. FLATFISH: "Description of Larvae and Young of Four Species of Flatfishes Referable to Subfamily Bothinae," by Akira Ochiai and Kunio Amoaka, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 29, no, 2, February 1963, pp. 127-135, illus., printed in Japanese with summary in English. Japanese So- ciety of Scientific Fisheries, c/o Tokyo University of Fisheries, Shiba Kaigandori 6, Minato-ku, Japan. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION: Mechnaization of Fishing Craft, by Jan-Olof Traung, FAO Fisheries Paper No, 22, 12 pp., processed. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, 1963. A paper prepared for the United Na- tions Conference on Science and Technology, Feb- ruary 4-20, 1963, Geneva, Switzerland, Covers fun- damental technical problems of engine construction and operation, inboard vs, outboard engines, fuel considerations, engine classification considerations, design considerations, installation and propeller selection, maintenance, mechanization of existing craft, government financial assistance, and other re- lated subjects. FOOD INDUSTRY: *Nova Tekhnika i Tekhologiia vy Khranitelno--Ukuso- vata Promishlenost (New Techniques and Technology in the Food Industry), R. 26663, printed in Bulgarian, 1962. S'Obshcheniia za Novosti v Khranitelnata Promishle- nost (Reports on What is New in the Food Industry), R. 26664, printed in Bulgarian, Committee on Drugs and Food Industry, Sofia, Bulgaria, 1962. FOOD POISONING: "Studies on the Food Poisoning Caused by Aquatic Foods, II--Toxication of Octopus by Rettgerella Like Bacteria Isolated from Fresh Water rimp, Paratya Compress (Improvisa Kemp),'' by Yoshihiro Sato, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 29, no. 3, March 1963, pp. 267-272, illus., printed in Japanese with English summary. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, c/o Tokyo University of Fisheries, Shiba Kaigan- dori 6, Minato-ku, Japan, FOREIGN TRADE: "A Canadian Looks at (Latin American Free Trade Association) LAFTA," by H.S. Hay, article, Foreign Trade, vol, 119, no, 13, June 29, 1963, pp. 2-5, illus., printed, single copy 25 Canadian cents. Queen's Printer, Government Printing Bureau, Ot- tawa, Canada, FRANCE: "Le Chiffre d'Affaires du 'Surgele' Vient en Plus de Celui du Frais" (Total Quick-Frozen Transactions are Greater Than Fresh), by M. Bachmann" article, Marchees du Poisson, vol. 1, no, 2, October 1962, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 9 pp. 36-38, illus., printed in French, Marches du Poisson, Boite Postale No. 180, Lorient, France. "La Conserve Francaise a Transforme en 1961 plus de 20 Milliards (AF) de Matieres Premieres et En- registre une Augmentation du Tonnage de Sardines" (The French Canning Industry in 1961 used More Than 200 Million Francs of Raw Material and Regis- tered an Increase in Sardines), article, Marches du Poisson, vol. 1, no. 2, October 1962, pp. 33-35, illus., printed in French, Marches du Poisson, Boite Postale No. 180, Lorient, France. France Peche, vol. 7, no. 68, December 1962, 164 pp., illus., printed in French. France Peche, Boite Pos- tale 179, Lorient (Morbihan), France. A specialan-. nual issue devoted to the French fisheries industries, 1962-1963, Includes, among others, these articles: "Situation de la Flotte Francaise de Peche par Types de Navires et Tranches de Tonnage" (Statistical Re- port on the French Fishing Fleet by Types of Ves- sels and Tonnage Categories); ''L'Armement a la Peche et le Credit" (Loans for Fishing Vessels); Pour une Organisation du Marche de la Sardine’ a Sardine Marketing Organization), (For Import Tariff System of France, OBR-63-97, 2 pp., printed, 15 cents. Bureau of International Com- merce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., December 1962. (For sale by the Superintend- ent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.) Presents information on units of currency, weights, and measures; bases of speci- fic and ad valorem duties; method of duty payment; preferential duties; sales and other internal taxes; import restrictions; other special regulations; and related subjects. FREEZE-DRYING;: "Accelerated Freeze-Drying of Foodstuffs," by J.D. Mellor, article, Food Preservation Quarterly (Aus- tralia), vol. 22, June 1962, pp. 41-48, printed. Com- monwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organi- zation, Division of Food Preservation, P.O. Box 43, Ryde, N.S. W., Australia. Freeze-Drying of Food--A Report, Food Service Man- agement No. 1, 7 pp., illus., processed. Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass., February 25, 1963, Covers progress being made in adapting the freeze-drying process to foods, Defines freeze- drying; describes the freeze-drying process; and covers the cost of freeze-drying, and possible mar- kets and outlook for freeze-dried foods. "Freeze-Drying Moves Ahead in U.S.," by John F. Maguire, article, Food Engineering, vol. 34, August 1962, pp. 54-56, printed, Chilton C. Chestnut and 56th Sts., Philadelphia 36, Pa. FREEZING: "Commercial Methods of Freezing Fish," by Joseph W. Slavin, article, Fishing Gazette, Annual Review Number, vol. 79, 1962, pp. 102-107, 109-111, printed, Fishing Gazette Publishing Corp., 461 8th Ave., New York 1, N, Y. "Ta Congelacion del Pescado a Bordo" (The Freezing of Fish Aboard Vessels), article, Industria Conser- September 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 129 vera, vol. XXXIX, no. 285, March 1963, p. 64, printed in Spanish. Union de Fabricantes de Con- servas de Galicia, Calle Marques de Valladares, 41, Vigo, Spain. "Freezing--Refrigeration--Air Conditioning," arti- cle, Food Engineering, vol. 34, September 1962, pp. 69-84, printed. Chilton Co., Chestnut and 56th Sts., Philadelphia 36, Pa. FROZEN FISH: "Frozen Fish that are 'Sea-Fresh,'" by Howard P. Milleville and Norbert J. Leinen, article, Food Processing, vol, 23, September 1962, pp. 50-55, printed, Putman Publishing Co., 111 East Delaware Pl., Chicago 2, Ill. "Problemes et progres dans le maintien de la qualite du poisson traite par le froid" (Problems and Prog- ress in Maintaining the Quality of Frozen Fish), by M.A. Cutting, article, La Peche Maritime, vol. 42, no, 1022, May 1963, pp. 327-329, printed in French, La Peche Maritime, 190 Boulevard, Haussmann, Paris, France. "Process Improves Frozen Fish," article, Food En- gineering, vol. 34, September 1962, pp. 106-107, _ printed. Chilton Co., Chestnut and 56th Sts., Phila- delphia 36, Pa. FROZEN FOODS: 35 pp., illus., printed. Information Division, Farmer Cooperative Service, U.S. Department of Agricul- ture, Washington 25, D.C., June 1962, Fishery products not specifically mentioned in this booklet, but it is of interest to handlers of those products. GEAR: "Norwegian Hydraulic Winches," article, World Fish- ing, vol. 11, October 1962, pp. 42-44, printed. John Trundell & Partners Ltd., St. Richard's House, Everholt St., London NW1, England. HALIBUT: Pacific Halibut Fishery Regulations (Effective June 8, 1963), 12 pp., printed. International Pacific Halibut Commission, Fisheries Hall No, 2, University of Washington, Seattle 5, Wash. The revised regula- tions (effective June 8, 1963) for the North Pacific halibut fishery were published in conformity with the Pacific Halibut Fishery Convention between the United States and Canada, signed March 2, 1953, The new regulations cover the regulatory areas, length of halibut fishing seasons, closed seasons, catch limits in Areas 2, 5A and 3 B North Triangle, size limits, licensing of vessels, retention of hali- but taken under permit, conditions limiting validity of permits, statistical return by vessels, statistical return by dealers, dory gear prohibited, retention of halibut taken by nets, retention of tagged halibut, responsibility of master, supervision of unloading and weighing, sealing of fishing equipment, and pre- vious regulations superseded, The revised regula- tions supersede those already published which be- came effective on March 21, 1963, They are con- cerned primarily with division of Area 3B North in- to two areas (Area 3B North and Area 3B North Triangle), but many other changes in wording and in the description of the regulatory areas (partic- ularly Area 3B South) have been made, HATCHERY: "Hatchery Techniques and Equipment," by Roger E, Burrows, article, U.S. Trout News, vol. 7, Septem- ber-October 1962, pp. 10-11, 23, printed. U.S. Trout Farmers Association, 110 Social Hall Ave., Salt Lake City 11, Utah. "Now--Automation for the Fish Hatchery," by James J. Sweiberg, article, U.S. Trout News, vol. 7, July- August 1962, pp. 1-13, printed. U.S. Trout Farmers Association, 110 Social Hall Ave., Salt Lake City 11, Utah. HAWKFISH: Review of the Hawkfishes (Family Cirrhitidae), by John E, Randall, Contribution No. 409, 79pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Proceedings of the United States National Museum, vol. 114, no. 3472, 1963, pp. 389-451.) Smithsonian Institution, Washington, HERRING: "Rapport over smasildundersokelsene i Nord-Norge med F/F 'Asterias' hosten 1962" (Report on Small Herring Investigations in Northern Norway on Board the Asterias during 1962), by Per T. Hognestad, article, Fiskets Gang, vol. 49, no, 12, March 21, 1963, pp. 173-176, illus., printed in Norwegian, Fiskets Gang, Fiskeridirektoratet, Radstuplass 10, Bergen, Norway. "Smasild- og feitsildtokt med F/F 'G, O. Sars! i tiden 3. September til 4, Oktober 1962" (Small Herring and Fat Herring Expedition on Board G, O, Sars be- tween September 3 and October 4, 1962), by Olav Dragesund, article, Fiskets Gang, vol. 48, no. 45, November 8, 1962, pp. 611-614, illus., printed in Norwegian, Fiskets Gang, Fiskeridirektoratet, Radstuplass 10, Bergen, Norway. ITALY: "Italy to Expand Fishing Industry," article, World Fishing, vol. 12, no. 6, June 1963. pp. 78, 80, illus., printed. John Trundell& Partners Ltd., St. Richard's House, Everholt St., London, NW1, Englard. JAPAN: Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido Uni- versity, vol, 13, no. 1, May 1962, 23 pp., illus., printed in Japanese and English. Faculty of Fish- eries, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan. In- cludes, among others, the following articles: "Lipids of Salmonoid Fishes, II--Acetone-Soluble Lipid from Muscle of Dog Salmon, Oncorhynchus keta," by Mutsuo Hatano, Koichi Zama, and Hisanao Igarashi; and" . IV--Conjugated Lipids from Muscle of Dog Salmon, Oncorhynchus keta,"' by Koichi Zama, Mutsuo Hatano, and Hisanao Igarashi. Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido Uni- versity, vol, 13, no, DeaNoc ember 1962, 98 pp., illus., printed in Japanese and English, Faculty of Fish- eries, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan, In- cludes, among others, the following articles: 'Local Names of the Fishes of the Ryukyu Islands," by Junsuke Taku and Kiyu Kobayashi; "Studies on the Tuna Long-Line Fishery in the Sea Area off the 130 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 9 OBTAFNED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. West Caroline Islands,''by Teruo Sato, Shoichi Yamamoto, and Motokazu Ueno; ''On the Populations of the Japanese Anchovy, Engraulis japonica (Hout- tuyn), Caught in Tsugaru Straight and Funka Bay,” by Tetsuichiro Kinoshita; ''Study on the Suitable Mesh Size for Salmon Gill-Net with Results of Measurement of Netted Fish," by Shoishi Yamamoto and Seikichi Mishima; ''Study on the Tuna Long-Line Fishing Ground of the South off the Island of Java," by Kenji Shimazaki, Kiyotaka Otani, and Seikichi Mishima; ''Lipids of Salmonoid Fishes. V--Acetone- Soluble Lipid from Dark-Colored Muscle of Dog Salmon, Oncorhynchus keta," and "' . VI--Conju- gated Lipids from Dark-Colored Muscle of Dog Salmon, Oncorhynchus keta,"’ by Mustsuo Hatano and others. Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido Uni- versity, vol. 13, no, 3, November 1962, 65 pp., illus., printed in Japanese and English. Faculty of Fish- eries, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan. In- cludes, among others, the following articles: 'Ex- ternal Characteristics of the Brain of 'Hdime-Masu', Oncorhynchus nerka var. nerka (Walbaum),"’ by Tsuneo Nishiyama; ''On the Effects of Environmen- tal Factors upon the Reproduction of Fishes, I--The Effects of Day- Lengthon the Reproduction of the Japanese Killifish Oryzias latipes," by Hiroshi Yoshioka; and ''Studies on the Larvae and Young of Fishes from the Boundary Zones Off the South- Eastern Coast of Hokkaido, Japan,'' by Kiyu Koba- yashi and Koji Abe. Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido Uni- versity, vol. 13, no. 4, February 1963, 22 pp., illus., printed in Japanese with summaries in English. Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Hako- date, Japan. Contains the following articles: 'Lip- ids of Pollack Heart. I--Acetone-Soluble Lipid from Heart of Pollack, Theragra chalcogramma," and My . Il--Conjugated Lipids from Heart of Pol- lack, Theragra chalcogramma," by Koichi Zama; and "Studies on the Organic Phosphates in Muscle of Aquatic Animals. XIII--Muscle Levels of Uric Acid and Nicotinamide-Adenine Dinucleotide in Freshand Frozen Stored Fish," by Ken-ichi Arai and Tsune- yuki Saito. ity of Mackerel for the Oslo Market), by Ellen Of- fergaard, article, Tidsskrift for Hermetikindustri, vol. 49, no. 5, May , pp. 205-207, printed in Nor- wegian. Norske Hermetikfabrikers Landsforening, Stavanger, Norway. MADAGASCAR: "Principaux Poissons du Lac Kinkony" (Principal Fishes of Lake Kinkony), by A. Kiener and Y, The- rezien, article, Bulletin de Madagascar, vol. 13, no. 204, May 1963, pp. 3: 55-440 illus , illus., printed in French, M. le Directeur de 1"Imprimerie Nationale, Tananarive, Madagascar. MARINE HABITAT: "Reefs Really Work!,'' by John G, Carlisle, Jr., arti- cle, Outdoor California, vol. 24, no. 5, May 1963, pp. 7-10, illus., printed. Department of Fish and Game, 722 Capitol Mall, Sacramento 14, Calif. MICHIGAN: "Three New Fish," by Edward E, Shultz, article, Michigan Conservation, vol, XXXII, no. 2, March- April 1963, pp. 33-35, illus., printed. Michigan De- partment of Conservation, Lansing 26, Michigan, MOLLUSKS: *Fauna SSSR: Moliuski, Clausiliidae (Fauna of the U.S.S.R., Mollusks, Clausiliidae), by I. M. Likharev, New Series No. 83, vol. 3, no. 4, R. 26689, printed in Russian, The Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Moscow, U.S.S.R., 1962. Terrestrial Mollusks of the Fauna of the U.S.S.R., by I. M. Likhachev and E, S, Rammel™meier, OTS 60- 21816, 579 pp., illus., processed, $5.75. (Trans- lated from the Russian Nazemnye Molyusski Faun SSSR, 1952.) Office of Technical Services, U.S, De- partment of Commerce, Washington 25, D.C., 1962. NETS: "Studies on the Small Coastal Gill-Net Fisheries and their Resources. V--On the Bottom Gill-Net Fish- ery,'' by Tsukasa Shiokawa, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 29, no. 2, February 1963, pp. 108-113, illus., printed in Japanese with summary in English. Japanese Soci- ety of Scientific Fisheries, c/o Tokyo University of International Fisheries Co-operative Organization, 1963, No. 15, 38 pp., illus., printed in Japanese, In- ternational Fisheries Co-operative Organization, Fisheries, Shiba Kaigandori 6, Minato-ku, Japan. NUTRITIVE VALUE: P.O. Box 272, Tokyo Central Post Office, Tokyo, Japan. "Japan's Fisheries Education System," by Seiji Konda, article, Fishing News International, vol, 1, July 1962, pp. 59-61, printed. Arthur J. Heighway Publications, Ltd., Ludgate House, 110 Fleet St., London EC4, England. "El Valor Nutritivo de la Clupea harengus del Atlan- tico'' (The Nutritive Value of the Atlantic Clupea harengus), article, Industria Conservera, vol, XIX, no, 285, March 1963, p, 66, printed in Spanish. Union de Fabricantes de Conservas de Galicia, Calle Mar- ques de Valladares, 41, Vigo, Spain. OCEANOGRAPHY: Annual Report 1962, 74 pp., illus., printed. Woods LAMPREY EEL: Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass. "A Chemical Investigation of the Lamprey Eel Ven- om,'' by Michael F, Farona, Thomas R.,Sweet, and William M. MacNevin, article, Archives of Bio- chemistry and Biophysics, vol. 98, August 1962, pp. 245-248, printed. endene Press Inc., 111 5thAve., New York 3, N.Y. MACKEREL: "Orienterende undersokelse av knaliteten av makrell pa Oslomarkedet" (Orientation Studies on the Qual- Presents the Director's report, including accounts of programs and accomplishments of the depart- ments of Applied Oceanography, Biology, Chemistry and Geology, Geophysics, Physical Oceanography, and Theoretical Oceanography and Meteorology. Also includes information on additions and improvements to facilities, major cruises of vessels, publications issued, and other related subjects. September 1963 Data (Oceanography Issue), vol. 8, no. 5, May 1963, pp., illus., printed. Data Publications, 1808 Wis- consin Ave., NW., Washington 7, D.C. Contains an editorial, Understanding the Sea Environment," by James H. Wakelin, Jr.; and features activity re- ports concerning oceanographic research programs, their progress, and plans for the future. Also con- tains an article on Oceanographic Needs," by Pe- ter Hackes. A Doppler Current Meter, by F.F. Koczy, M. Kron- ~engold, and J. M. Loewenstein, Contribution No, 421, 8 pp., illus., processed. (Reprinted from Marine Sciences Instrumentation, vol. 2, 1963, pp. 127-133.) The Marine Laboratory, University of Miami, 1 Rick- enbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. Renewal Time of Bottom Water in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, by F. Koczy and B, Szabo, Contribu- tion No. 401, 10 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Journal of the Oceanographical Society of Ja- pan, 20th Anniversary Volume, 1962, pp. 590-599.) The Marine Laboratory, University of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. Ripple Marks Show that Countercurrent Exists in Florida Straits, by Robert J. Hurley and L. Kenneth Fink, 2 pp., illus., printed, (Reprinted from Science, vol, 139, no, 3555, February 15, 1963, pp. 603-605.) The Marine Laboratory, University of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. A Water Sampler for Microbiological Studies, by Shale J. Niskin, Contribution No, 428, 5 pp., illus., printed, (Reprinted from Deep-Sea Research, vol. 9, 1962, pp. 501-503.) The Marine Laboratory, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, University of Miami, Miami 49, Fla. OREGON: Rock, Surf and Bay Fishes of Oregon, Information _Leaflet Nowpiéet cs illus., printed. Information- Education Division, State Game Commission, Port- land, Oreg., 1961, OYSTERS: "Fish and Other Marine Products. The Government Industry Cooperative Oyster Research Program. Part II--Native Oysters Studies," by Amihud Kramer and others, article, Journal of the Associa- tion of Official Agriculture Chemists, vol. 45, Au- gust 1962, pp. 508-377. printed, Association of Official Agriculture Chemists, P.O. Box 540, Ben- jamin Franklin Station, Washington 4, D.C, Handbook for Oyster-Farmers, Division of Fish- eries, Circular No. 3, 23 pp., illus., printed, Com- monwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Or- ganization, Melbourne, Australia, 1954, "Oyster Farming," by J. M. Thomson, article, South Pacific Bulletin, vol, 13, no, 2, April 1963, pp. 50- 52, illus., printed, single copy 30 cents. South Pa- cific Commission, Box 5254, G, P. O.,-Sydney, Australia, PARASITES: Alaskan Species of Acanthocephalan Genus CORYNO- “SOMA Luehe, 1904, by Kenneth A- Neiland, 7 pp., COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 131 illus., printed. (Reprinted from The Journal of Parasitology, vol. 48, no, 1, February 1962, pp. 69- 75.) Division of Biological Research, Alaska Depart- ment of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska. Helminth Parasites of Antarctic Vertebrates. PartI-- Digenetic Trematodes of Marine Fishes, by Mitchell A Byrd, Contribution No. 122, 20 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from the Proceedings of the Helmintho- logical Society of Washington, vol. 30, no. T, Jan- uary 1963, pp. 129-148.) Virginia Institute of Ma- rine Science, Gloucester Point, Virginia. PEARL SHELL: "M. O, P. Shell Production Down 9 P, C,," article, Fisheries Newsletter, vol. 22, no. 5, May 1963, pp. 17, 27, illus., printed, Commonwealth Director of Fisheries, Department of Primary Industry, Can- berra, Australia. PERU: El Desarrollo de la Pesqueria en el Peru--S osi- “um Organizado por la Facultad de Zootecnia a Ta Universidad Agraria, Lima, 5 a 10 de Noviembre de 1962 (The Development of the Fishing Industry in Peru--Symposium Organized by the Faculty of Zoo- technics of the Agrarian University, Lima, Novem- ber 5-10, 1962), 195 pp., illus., printed in Spanish. Departamento de Publicaciones, Universidad Agraria, Lima, Peru, 1963. Contains articles on: 'Desar- rollode la Industria Pesquera'’ (Development of the Fishing Industry), by R. Lecca P.; 'La Oceanografia al Servicio de la Pesca en el Peru'' (Oceanography at the Service of the Peruvian Fishery), by Z, Popo- vici; ''Situacion Economica de la Pesqueria Peruana" (Economic Condition of the Peruvian Fishing Indus- try), by J. Iparraguirre; ''Veinte Anos de Construc- cion de Embarcaciones Pesqueras de el Peru" (Twen- ty Years of Fishing Vessel Construction in Peru), by S. Villanueva; -""Biologia Marina y Pesqueria" (Marine Biology and the Fishing Industry), by M. Vegas V.; "Nociones Basicas acerca de la Elabor- acion de Harina de Pescado'' (Basic Ideas Concern- ing the Processing of Fish Flour), by T. Sparre; "Bases para el Desarrollo de una Politica Pesquera Peruana" (Bases for the Development of a Peruvian Fishery Policy), by J. Bravo B.; ''Factores que Afectan la Calidad de la Harina de Pescado'' (Fac- tors Which Affect the Quality of Fish Flour), by L. Ousterhout; ''La Pesqueria y la Alimentacion de Ganado" (The Fishing Industry and the Feeding of Livestock), by A. Bacigalupo; ''La Pesqueria y la Alimentacion Humana" (The Fishing Industry and Human Feeding), by G. Graham; and "'Utilizacion de la Anchoveta el Consumo Humano" (Utilization of the Anchoveta for Human Consumption), by J, Sanchez. PLANKTON: An Annual Phytoplankton Cycle in the Lower Chesa- peake Bay, by Bernar C, Patten, Richard A, Mul- ford, and J. Ernest Warinner, Contribution No, 127, 20 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Chesapeake Science, vol, 4, no, 1, March 1963, pp. 1250.) Vir ginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Virginia, Chaetognatha from Inshore Coastal Waters Off Dela- ware, and a Northward pxtension of the Known Range of SAGITTA TENUIS, by George €, Grant. 132 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Contribution No, 125, 5 pp., illus., printed. (Re- printed from Chesapeake Science, vol. 4, no. 1, March 1963, pp. 38-42.) Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Virginia. "Population Dynamics of Some Fresh-Water Zooplank- ton, II--The Effect of Lag,'' by Donald H. Haze- wood and Richard A. Parker, article, Ecology, vol. 44, no, 1, Winter 1963, pp. 207-211, illus., printed, single copy $2.50. Circulation Office, Duke Univer- sity Press, Box 6697, College Station, Durham, N. C, POISONOUS FISH: An Investigation of Ciguatera Poison, by Bruce W. ~ Halstead, Donald W. Hessel, and John Suchy, Final Report (June 1, 1961-September 30, 1962), 9 pp., printed, $1.60. World Life Research Institute, Col- ton, Calif,, March 1963. (For sale by the Office of Technical Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D.C.) PORPOISES: Porpoise Performance Tests in a Sea-Water Tank, by homas G, Lang and Dorthy A. Daybell, NOTS TP 3063, 50 pp., printed, $5.60. Naval Ordnance Test Station, China Lake, Calif., January 1963. (For sale by the Office of Technical Services, U.S. Depart- ment of Commerce, Washington 25, D. C.) PORTUGAL: "La Expansion de las Exportaciones Portuguesas de Conservas de Pescado" (The Expansion of Portu- guese Canned Fish Exports), article, Industria Con- servera, vol, XXXIX, no. 285, March 1963, p. 65, printed in Spanish, Union de Fabricantes de Con- servas de Galicia, Calle Marques de Valladares, 41, Vigo, Spain. PURSE-SEINE FISHERY: "Notfisket i Lofoten'' (Net Fishing at Lofoten Islands), by Arvid Hylen, article, Fiskets Gang, vol. 48, no, 43, October 25, 1962, pp. 581-587, illus., printed in Norwegian, Fiskets Gang, Fiskeridirektoratet, Radstuplass 10, Bergen, Norway. QUALITY: Studies on the Quality of Sea Food, by Keiichi Oishi, pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Memoirs 2 the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, vol, TO, no. 2, 1562; pp. 67-138.) The Faculty of Fish- eries, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan. Dis- cusses factors influencing the quality of fish. Three typical samples of fish in Japan were chosen for this study. Part 1 is concerned with studies of fresh fish quality using 15 species of flatfish. Only fresh fish were used as samples in order to simplify the factors involved, So, no consideration was given:-to the freshness of a sample in this study. In Part 2, katsuwobushi (dried skipjack) was studied as repre- senting processed fish in which boiling, sun-drying, smoking, and inoculation of molds are combined skillfully during the course of processing. In Part 3, a study is described of one of the edible sea- weeds, kombu, which is an important item in the Japanese diet, REFRIGERATED TRAILERS: The Cold-Wall Trailer--Maintaining Frozen Food Below Zero, by David W, Ruenzli, Marketing Re- search Report No. 540, 36 pp., illus., processed, Vol. 25, No. 9 Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington 25, D. C., June 1962. This study is part of a broad program of research to im- prove the design and performance of transportation equipment used in the movement of agricultural prod- ucts, The study on which this report is based was conducted to evaluate a new type of trailer design, based on the principle of enclosing the load on all sides with a blast of cold air, thereby picking up the heat transmitted through the trailer walls, floor, and ceiling before it reached the product, A companion trailer of conventional design was used for compari- son in each test. Although the study was for agri- cultural products, this will be of interest to those transporting fishery products. SALMON: "Breeding Salmon Artificially--The Full Story," by John Murdoch, article, World Fishing, vol. 11, Au- gust 1962, pp. 61-62, printed. John Trundell & Partners Ltd., St. Richard's House, Everholt St., London NW1, England. Enumeration of Red Salmon Smolt Migration, by O. E. Kerns, Jr, and R.A, Marriott, Informational Leaf- let No, 25, 18 pp., illus., processed. Alaska Depart- ment of Fish and Game, Subport Bldg., Juneau, Alas- ka, March 1963, "Fatty Degeneration in Salmon," article, New Scien- tist, vol. 15, August 23, 1962, p. 420, printed. Har- rison, Raison and Co, Ltd., Cromwell House, Ful- wood P1., High Holborn, London WC1, England, On Growth Fluctuation in Baltic Salmon, by Arne ~ Lindroth, No. 7, 10 pp., illus., printed. Salmon and Trout Committee, International Council for the Ex- ploration of the Sea, Charlottenlund-Slot, Denmark, 1961, "Pelleted Fish Food Produces Healthier, Cheaper Salmon," article, Feedstuffs, vol, 34, September 29, 1962, p. 17, printed. Miller Publishing Co,, 2501 Wayzata Blvd., Minneapolis 5, Minn, Salmon Gear Limitation in Northern Me oe Wa- ters, by William F, Royce and others, Contribution No. 145, University of Washington Publications in Fisheries, New Series, vol, II, no. 1, 129 pp., illus., printed, College of Fisheries, University of Wash- ington, Seattle, Wash., February 1963. An economic, biological, and legal survey of the salmon resource of Northern Puget Sound and Strait of Juan de Fuca, According to the authors, ''The excess fishing gear used to harvest the salmon resource of the northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca has en- dangered the conservation of the salmon runs and greatly reduced the earnings of the men and vessels engaged, The International Pacific Salmon Fish- eries Commission has officially requested that the gear be reduced, but it lacks the power to require its reduction. This study is the result of a request by the Governor's Fishery Advisory Committee and the Legislative Interim Committee on Fisheries to the University of Washington, The study has been or- ganized in three main parts: (A) Biostatistical anal- yses of the catches to determine the amount by which the gear can be reduced and the runs still harvested; (B) Economic studies to determine the recent earn- ings of men and vessels and to estimate the effect on September 1963 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE earnings of a reduction in gear; and (C) Legal stud- ies to determine whether a legislatively-prescribed scheme for restricting the number of units of gear fishing would be valid."' The findings of the study are discussed, and recommendations are made for specific steps to reduce the number of units of fish- ing gear. "Salmon, Steelhead...and Fish Screens,"' by Don Corley, article, Idaho Wildlife Review, vol. XV, no. 6, May-June 1963, pp. 3-7, illus., printed. Idaho Fish and Game Commission, 518 Front St., Boise, Idaho, Size of Pink Salmon Downstream Migrants, by W. L. Sheridan and W.H. Noerenberg, Informational Leaf- let No. 27, 20 pp., illus., processed. Alaska Depart- ment of Fish and Game, Subport Bldg., Juneau, Alaska. Studies on the Petroleum Odour in Canned Chum Salm - on, by Terushige Motohiro, 69 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Memoirs of the Faculty of Fish- eries, Hokkaido University, vol. 10, no. 1, 1962, pp. 1-65.) The Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido Univer- sity, Hakodate, Japan, SARDINES: "Granographical Life Record Curve Method for Iden- tifying Each Stock of Pelagic Fishes. II--Identifica- tion of Sardine Stocks in West-Coastal Waters of Kyushu; III--Appraisal of the Age and Growth by Stock for Sardine Groups in the Japan Sea and West Kyushu Waters," by Hideaki Yasuda, article, Bul- letin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol, 29, no. 1, January 1963, pp. 14-20, illus., printed in Japanese with summary in English, Jap- anese Society of Scientific Fisheries, c/o Tokyo University of Fisheries, Shiba Kaigandori 6, Minato- ku, Japan. SAURY: "Technical Factors Affecting Boat-Day Catch in Lift Net Fishing for Saury,'' by Shin'ichi Yajima, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fish- eries, vol. 29, no, 3, March 1963, pp. 235-241, illus., printed in Japanese with summary in English, Jap- anese Society of Scientific Fisheries, c/o Tokyo University of Fisheries, Shiba Kaigandori 6, Minato- ku, Japan. SCALLOPS: "Sea Scallops Thrive in the Lab," by Eugene S, Clark, ZJr., article, National Fisherman/Maine Coast Fish- erman, vol. 43, August 1962, pp. 27, 29, printed, National Fisherman, Journal Publishing Co., Bel- fast, Me. SEALS: "Underwater Sounds of Pinnipeds", by William E, Schevill, William A. Watkins, and Carleton Ray, ar- ticle, Science, vol, 141, no, 3575, July 5. 1963, pp. 50-53, lllus., printea, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1515 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washington 5, D. C. Descriptions and analyses are presented of underwater sounds made by six species of seals in captivity. The suitability of these very faint sounds for echolocation is dis- cussed, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 133 SEA TROUT: Age and Size Composition of Weakfish, CYNOSCION REGALIS, from Pound Nets in Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, 1954-1958, by William H. Massmann, Con- tribution No, 128, 9 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Chesapeake Science, vol, 4, no. 1, March 1963, pp. 43-51.) Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Virginia. Annulus Formation on the Scales of Weakfish, CYNOSCION REGALIS, of the Chesapeake Bay, by William H. Massmann, Contribution No. 129, 3 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Chesapeake Science, vol. 4, no. 1, March 1963, pp. 54-56.) Virginia In- stitute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point Virginia. SEA URCHIN: "On the Growth of the Sea Urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus," by Akira R. Fiji, article, Bulletin ot the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 29, no, 2, February 1963, pp. 118-126, illus., printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, c/o Tokyo University of Fisheries, Shiba Kaigandori 6, Minato- ku, Japan. SHELLFISH: "Studies on Muscle of Aquatic Animals. XXXV-- Seasonal Variation of Chemical Constituents and~ Extractive Nitrogens in Some Species of Shellfish," by Itiro Takagi and Wataru Simidu, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of the Scientific Fisheries, vol, 29, no. 1, January 1963, pp. 66-70, printed in Japanese and English. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, c/o Tokyo University of Fisheries, Shiba Kaigandori 6, Minato-ku, Japan, SHRIMP: ; Culture of Kuruma-Shrimp (Penaeus japonicus), b M, Fujinaga, article, Current A fiaire Bulletin, es 36, April 1963, pp. 10-11, printed. Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council, FAO Regional Office, Bangkok, Thailand. The author states that, ''Though there are some variations in the timing of the spawning of Kuruma-shrimp according to areas, the spawning occurs in late April through early October in Seto Inland Sea, the peak being reached in Mid-June through early September. The number of eggs spawned by an adult shrimp is variable according to the size of spawner.... Very simple treatment is required to let them ovulate.'' The procedures ap- plied at present in the shrimp hatchery at Takamatsu, Japan, are discussed, SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT: Buying and Selling a Small Business, by Verne A, Bunn, Management Research Summary, 2 pp., processed, Small Business Administration, Washington 25, D.C., 1963. Points out that the process of buying or selling a small business begins with the acquiring of ade- quate information in three general areas; (1) market information, (2) financial information, and (3) legal information, An early uriderstanding must be reached as to just which assets of the business the buyer is acquiring. It is to the advantage of both buyer and seller to have the terms and conditions of the buy- sell agreement set down in a written contract. Checking Your Management Methods, by Robert E, Levinson, Management Aid No, 153, 4pp., processed, 134 Small Business Administration, Washington 25, D.C. Discusses 10 management methods which apply to the business itself and 6 which pertain to the owner's work as a manager. Factors in the Growth of Manufacturing Firms, by Joseph W. McGuire, Management Research Sum- mary, 2 pp., processed, Small Business Adminis- tration, Washington 25, D.C. Points out that the most important factor affecting the rate of growth of a business is the management's conscious effort to stimulate growth. For the purposes of the study, growth was measured by expansion in sales, Ex- ternal forces, the report states, might appear to speed up the growth of some enterprises for a short time. But for long-sustained expansion in sales, management had to take conscious and positive ac- tion toward that end. y Federal Taxes and the Legal Form of Small Firms, Management Research Summary, 2 pp., processed. Small Business Administration, Washington 25, D.C., 1963. Points out that Congress has given small- business owners a number of alternatives intended to prevent Federal income taxes from imposing undue burdens on small firms. One of these choices is whether the business shall be a proprietorship, a conventional corporation, or a corporation that elects the tax plan allowed by Subchapter S of the Internal Revenue Code, International Marketing Assistance in Europe, by Wilfried A. Hoellige, Management Aid No, 152, 4 pp., processed, Small Business Administration, Washington 25, D.C. Describes the kinds of inter- national marketing assistance which Western Euro- pean organizations offer, Some of it is free, such as various publications of the Organization for Econom- ic Cooperation and Development and the International Chamber of Commerce, Some of the assistance, such ! as the work of advertising agencies and private con- sultants, costs money. All of the sources listed in the report should be helpful to small businessmen who seek to learn more about sales opportunities in the 18 markets that make up Western Europe. Management Planning in Small Firms, by Preston P, LeBreton, Management Research Summary, 4 pp., processed. Small Business Administration, Wash- ington 25, D.C., 1963. Points out that a small busi- ness manager who follows an orderly planning pro- cedure, using the proper tools of planning, is likely to keep his business on a stable and profitable course. Tools for managerial planning include operations re- search, motivation research, break-even analysis, market research, forecasting, and budgeting. Some of the newer tools--such as operations research and motivation research--cannot be carried on by small firms without outside help. But small firms can get COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW the benefit of recent developments by hiring manage- ment consultants. SOUTH AFRICA AND SOUTH-WEST AFRICA: "Over One-Million Tons of Shoal Fish Landed in Year Under Review" (Annual Report 1961-1962), article, The South African Shipping News and Fishing Indus- try Review, vol. XVIII, no. 3, March 1963, pp. 61, 63, 65, 67, printed, single copy 25 cents. Thomson News- papers, South African (Pty.) Ltd., Trust House, Thi- bault Sq., Box 80, Cape Town, South Africa Republic. Vol. 25, No. 9 Details of the fifth consecutive year of record land- ings by the South African and South-West African in- shore fishing industry. While landings of pilchards by South African and South-West African fishermen in the calendar year 1961 at 818,500 tons repre- sented the largest catch of this fish ever taken ina season in Southern African waters, for the nine months ended September 30, 1962, the figure was 882,960 tons, In addition to the application of more efficient techniques, the increase in size and capac- ity of boats employed and their longer range and in- creased power have been factors contributing to the development of the fisheries. The vast bulk of the catch in both the Republic and South-West Africa was delivered to reduction plants. SPAIN: "L'activite des pecheurs espagnols dans 1Atlantique- Sud" (The Activity of Spanish Fishermen in the South Atlantic), by V. Paz-Andrade, article, La Peche Maritime, vol. 42, no. 1022, May 1963, pp. 317-326, illus., printed in French. La Peche Maritime, 190 Boulevard, Haussmann, Paris, France. "Otro Aspecto de la Exportacion de Conservas de Pescado" (Another Outlook on the Exportation of Canned Fish), by Mareiro; and ''La Industria Es- panola de Conservas de Pescado" (The Spanish Canned Fish Industry), article, Industria Conservera, vol, XXIX, no. 286, April 1963, pp. 87-88, 92-95, illus., printed. Redaccion y Administracion, Calle Marques de Valladares, 41, Vigo, Spain. SPINY LOBSTERS: "Notes on the Cultured Larvae of the Japanese Spiny Lobster, Panulirus japonicus (V. Siebold)'"' by Masaaki Inoue and Makoto Nonaka, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 29, no. 3, March 1963, pp. 211-218, illus., printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, c/o Tokyo University of Fisheries, Shiba Kaigandori 6, Minato- ku, Japan. SPOILAGE: Decomposition in Shellfish,'' by Cynthia Campbell, article, Journal of the Association of Official Agri- cultural Chemists, vol. 45, August 1962, pp. 731-733, printed, Association of Official Agricultural Chem- ists, P.O. Box 540, Benjamin Frnaklin Station, Wash- ington 4, D.C. "Non-Bacterial Spoilage in Atlantic Groundfish: Metal- Included Rancidity,'' by C. H. Castell, Jacqueline Dale, and N. Dambergs, article, Canadian Fisherman, vol. 49, September 1962, pp. 30-33, printed. National Business Publications Ltd., Gardenvale, Que., Can- ada. "Observations on the Spoilage of Crabmeat,'’ by Mel- vin A. Benarde, article, Journal of Milk and Food Technology, vol. 21, November 1958, pp. 318-320, printed. International Association of Milk and Food Sanitation, Box 437, Shelbyville, Ind. SQUID: "Economic Importance of North Atlantic Squids,"’ by Malcolm R, Clarke, article, New Scientist, vol. 17, no, 330, March 14, 1963, pp. 568-570, illus., printed. New Scientist, Cromwell House, Fulwood Place, High Holborn, London WCl1, England, In the Pacific and September 1963 OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. Mediterranean, squid and octopus are an important source of protein, suitable for human or animal food, fertilizer, and for bait. According to the av-hor, "The evidence from whales' stomachs shows that there are enormous squid populations to be caug?tin the deep Atlantic." STANDARDS: "Normas para la exportacion de pescados, crustaceos y moluscos" (Standards for the Export of Fish, Crus- taceans, and Mollusks), article, Boletin de Informa- cion del Sindicato Nacional del la Pesca, no, 51, December 1962, pp. 14-15, processed in Spanish. Sindicato Nacional de la Pesca, 18-20 Paseo del Prado, Madrid, Spain, STORAGE LIFE: "Time and Temperature vs. Storage Life in Canned Meats," article, National Provisioner, vol. 147, Sep- tember 1, 1962, pp. 12, 14, 22, printed. National COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 135 Act of 1930, Schedules 1-15, describes individual commodities and for each shows full rate and re- duced rate of duty. Also shows free list, ‘Tariff Act of 1930; processing taxes, Internal Revenue Code; special and additional import duties; and special exemptions and restrictions, Also contains an index of commodities carried in dutiable and free lists. The new edition is in loose-leaf form, and will be effective until such time as the revised TariffSched- ules of the United States go into effect, TERRITORIAL WATERS: "La question des eaux territoriales doit etre resolue sur le plan communautaire" (The Question of Ter- ritorial Waters must be Resolved by a Community Plan), article, La Peche Maritime, vol. 42, no. 1022, May 1963, pp. 292-296, illus., printed in French, La Peche Maritime, 190 Boulevard, Haussmann, Paris, France, Provisioner Inc., 15 West Huron St., Chicago 10, Ill. TRAINING: "Course for Apprentice Fishermen, (17) Handling a Ship--and How a Ship Handles," article, World Fish- ing, vol. 11, February 1962, pp. 59-60, 63, printed. ohn Trundell & Partners Ltd., St. Richard's House, SWITZERLAND: Import Tariff System of Switzerland, OBR-63-98, 4 pp., peoceanet 15 cents. Bureau of] International Commerce, U.S, Department of Commerce, Wash- ington, D.C., April 1963. (For sale by the Super- intendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.) Presents information on units of currency, weights, and measures; bases of specific and ad valorem duties; preferential duties; sales and other internal taxes; trade restric- tions; other special regulations; and related subjects. TAGGING: "A Coded Wire Identification System for Macro- Organisms," by K. B. Jefferts, P, K. Bergman, and H. F. Fiscus, article, Nature, vol. 198, no. 4879, May 4, 1963, pp. 460- , illus., printed, St. Mar- tin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Ave., New York 10, N. Y. Describes a system for identification of macro- organisms which has been applied to the Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus sp.). As the title suggests, the information carrier utilized is a small segment of ferromagnetic wire, coded in one of several fash- ions. It is implanted in muscle or cartilage, and its presence is determined through the external ef- fects of a permanent magnetic moment impressed on the wire segment, "An Evaluation of Five Tag Types Used ina Striped Bass Mortality Rate and Migration Study," by Harold K. Chadwich, article, California Fish and Game, vol. 49, no. 2, April 1963, pp. 64-83, illus., printed, sin- gle copy 75 cents, Printing Division, Documents Section, Sacramento 14, Calif, TARIFFS: United States Import Duties (1963), TC Publication 92, 413 pp., processed, $1.50. United States Tariff Com- mission, Washington, D.C., 1963. (For sale by Di- vision of Public Documents, U.S. Government Print- ing Office, Washington 25,D.C.) New edition (re- places United States Import Duties, 1962) shows the United States rates of duty on imports in effect on July 1, 1963, The primary purpose of this volume is to provide an up-to-date presentation of the United States tariff in a form which will enable the general user to ascertain current import-duty rates with the least possible difficulty, The dutiable list, Tariff Everholt St., London NW1, England. "Course for Apprentice Fishermen. (18) Handling a Ship in Dock," March 1962, pp. 55-56, 59-60. "Course for Apprentice Fishermen, (20) How to Un- derstand Charts,"' May 1962, pp. 34-37. TRAP FISHING: "Men and Dories Dominate Trap Fishing Down East," article, Fish Boat, vol. 7, September 1962, pp. 16-17, 44-45, printed. H.L. Peace Publications, 624 Gra- vier St., New Orleans 9, La. TRAWLERS: "Un Chalut Pelagique a un Seul Bateau pour la Peche Industrielle" (A Pelagic Trawl for Commercial Fish- ing Using a Single Vessel), by C. Nedelec, article, Science et Peche, no, 110, December 1962, pp. 1-13, illus., printed in French, 0,50 NF (about 10 U. S. cents), L'Institut Scientifique et Technique des Peches Maritimes, 59, Avenue Raymond-Poincare, Paris (16°), France. |(In Commercial Fisheries Re- view, vol, 25, no, 6, June 1963, p. 125, the listing of the article in France Peche, no. 70, February 1963, did not mention that it originally appeared in Science et Peche. This was called to our attention by In- stitut Scientific et Technique des Peches Maritimes.) *Energeticheskie Ustanovki Rybolovnikh Traulerov (Power Installations on Fishing Trawlers), by L. P. Korshunov, R. 26681, printed in Russian, 1962. "Improving Trawl Performance," by J. Phillips, arti- cle, World Fishing, vol, 12, no. 6, June 1963, pp. 75- 77, illus., printed. John Trundell & Partners Ltd., St. Richard's House, Everholt St., London NW1, England. "The Ross North Sea Experiment," article, World Fishing, vol. 12, no. 6, June 1963, pp. 141-142, illus., tee Trundell & Partners Ltd., St. Richard's House, Everholt St., London NW1, England. De- scribes the various features of Britain's new stern trawler Ross Daring, the first of two similar ves- sels, scheduled to fish in the North Sea. 136 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 9 "Vee-Form Trawl Doors," article, World Fishing, vol, 12, no, 6, June 1963, pp. 68-69, illus., printed. John Trundell & Partners Ltd., St. Richard's House, Eversholt St., London NW1, England. TROUT: "Experiment Indicates Cause of Trout Disease," ar- ticle, Outdoor California, vol, 24, no. 5, May 1963, p. 13, ilus., printed. Department of Fish and Game, 722 Capitol Mall, Sacramento 14, Calif, "Some Phases of the Life History of the Trout-Perch," by John J. Magnuson and Lloyd L, Smith, Jr., arti- cle, Ecology, vol. 44, no, 1, Winter 1963, pp. 83-95, illus., printed, single copy $2.50. Circulation Office, Duke University Press, Box 6697, College Station, Durham, N, C, Trout Farming, by David Greenberg, 197 pp., illus., printed, Sib: list price $12. (Special combina- tion offer, including one year's subscription to the U.S. Trout News and one copy of Trout Farming, both for only $10.50.) U.S. Trout Farmers Associa- tion, 110 Sociai Hall Ave., Salt Lake City, Utah. Con- tains background information on various trout, in- cluding new hybrids; history ofartificial propagation; future of the trout industry; anatomy; physiology and embryology of trout; sorting, grading, and transport- ing; trout diseases; marketing methods; and infor- mation on water and water measurements, "Water Temperature and Oxygen Demand," by Jack Coates, article, U.S, Trout News, vol. 7, September- October 1962, pp. 5, 20-21, printed. U.S. Trout Farmers Association, 110 Social Hall Ave., Salt Lake City 11, Utah. TUNA: An Account of the Bluefin Tuna in Newfoundland Wa- “ters with Some Reference to the Tuna Fishes in — General, by Gordon R. Williamson, 30 pp., illus., processed. Newfoundland Tourist Development Of- fice, Confederation Bldg., St. John's, Newfoundland, 1962, Discusses the general characteristics of the tuna species; the bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus); the fishery for this species at Conception Bay, New- foundland; its migration and life history in the west- ern North Atlantic; commercial tuna fishing; and fu- ture prospects for the fishery in Newfoundland, Actual Status of the Knowledge on the Biology of Tunas in Offshore Waters CF the Brazilian Coat by Melquides Pinto Paiva, Bulletin No. 5, 10 pp., printed, Estacao de Biologia Marinha, Universidade do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil, 1962, "A Comparative Study of Tuna Longline Baits," by K. Sivasubramaniam, article, Bulletin of the Japa- nese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 29, no. 3, March 1963, pp. 245-250, illus., printed, Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, c/o Tokyo Univer- sity of Fisheries, Shiba Kaigandori 6, Minato-ku, Japan, "Far-Ranging Tuna Fishery,’ by Bruce Woodland, article, Trade News, vol, 15, no. 5, November 1962, pp. 8-9, Ti, illus., processed. Information and Consumer Service, Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, Canada, Discusses briefly the development of a tuna fishery in British Columbia through the use of purse- seine fishing and the brine-spray freezing system on board the vessels. "Inshore Longlining for Yellowfin Tuna," by P. D. Lorimer, article, Fisheries Newsletter, vol. 22, no. 6, June 1963, pp. 21-23, illus., printed. Common- wealth Director of Fisheries, Department of Primary Industry, Canberra, Australia. Mejoras en el Mantenimiento de la Carnada Viva para Ta Pesca de Tunidos en Cuba: [I (Improvements in the Maintenance of Live Bait for the Cuban Tuna Fishery), by Hector E, Ramis Ramos, Nota sobre In- vestigaciones No, 5, 8 pp., printed in Spanish. Cen- tro de Investigaciones Pesqueras, Playa Habana, Bauta, Cuba, October 1962. "Monofilament Netting of Striped Tuna," by Alan Tem- ple, article, Fisheries Newsletter, vol, 22, no. 6, June 1963, pp. 15-16, printed. Commonwealth Di- rector of Fisheries, Department of Primary Indus- try, Canberra, Australia. According to the author, skipjack tuna "are known to occur in large quantities on the east coast of Australia and down to Tasmania, but they have never been fished to any extent for commercial purposes,'' This article describes ex- periments with monofilament mesh netting in fishing for tuna which give every promise of success. The author states that, ''monofilament mesh netting can be carried out on shallow grounds and in weather conditions in which it would be practically impossi- ble to operate a purse seine successfully," "A Preliminary Report on Tuna in West Coast Waters of South Africa. Part Il," by B. vanD.de Jager, C.S, de V. Nepgen, and R, J. van Wyk, article, The South African Shipping News and Fishing Industry Review, vol, XVII, no, 5, May 1963, pp. 61, 63, 65, 67-69, illus., printed, single copy 25 cents, Thomson News- papers, South Africa (Pty.) Ltd., Box 80, Cape Town, South Africa Republic. "Relation Between Annual Variation of Hooking-Rate and Age Groups of Yellowfin Tuna in the Tropical Western Pacific Ocean, II,--Relation Between An- nual Variation of Hooking-Rate and Year Class," by Jun Nakagome, article, Bulletin of the Japanese So- ciet of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 29, no, 1, January Tass, pp. 21-26, ilfus., printed in Japanese with sum- mary in English. Japanese Society of Scientific Fish- eries, c/o Tokyo University of Fisheries, Shiba Kaigandori 6, Minato-ku, Japan, "Studies on Movements of Albacore Fishing Grounds in the North Western Pacific Ocean, IV--Migrations of the Deep Swimming Albacore Community in the Waters Adjacent to Japan in 1954-55,"' by Motoo Inoue, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol, 29, no, 2, February 1963, pp. 99-107, illus., printed in Japanese with summary in English, Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, c/o Tokyo University of Fisheries, Shiba Kaigan- dori 6, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. TUNISIA: Seafish of Tunisia and the Central Mediterranean, 139 pp., illus., processed, 750 millimes .80), Brit- ish Chamber of Commerce, Place de la Victoire, Tunis, Tunisia, A catalog of all fish and other ma- rine life found in Tunisian waters according to September 1963 OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. scientific classification, giving their names in five languages (English, French, Italian, Greek, and Tunisian Arabic). It includes explanatory remarks and sketches directed to the layman. A short section concerns general rules on the care of fish, along with various recipes used in Tunisia. TURTLES: "Camouflaged Still-Fishing," by H. Hediger, article, Natural History, vol. LXXII, no. 6, June-July 1963, pp. 18-21, illus., printed, single copy 50 cents. The American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York 24, N.Y. U.S.S.R.: "Ta Industria Pesquera en Rusia" (The Fishing In- dustry in Russia), by F. de Varona, article, Puntal-- Revista Maritima y Pesquera, vol. X, no. 107, Feb- ruary 1963, pp. 14-15, illus., processed, Puntal-- Revista Maritima y Pesquera, Ramon y Cajal 3, Apartado 316, Alicante, Spain. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 137 1962, pp. 23-25, printed, National Business Publica- tions Ltd., Gardenvale, Quebec, Canada. VITAMIN A: "Vitamin A Utilization by the Chick as Affected by Type of Vitamin A Concentrate and Other Factors,' by I, Ascarelli and Miriam Senger, article, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 13, June 1962, pp. 332-338, printed. The Society of Chemical Industry, 14 Belgrave Sq., London SW1, England. WHALING: "Pelagic Whaling in the Antarctic Season 1962/63," article, Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende, vol. 52, no, 4, April 1963, pp. 107-108, 110, 112-114, printed in Norwegian and English. Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende, Sandefjord, Norway. Discusses details of the catch and vessels participating in the 1962/63 whaling season under the flag of Norway, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Japan, and the U.S.S.R. Includes statistics showing the harvest of blue whale units for those countries; average number of blue whale units per catcher day by countries with comparative data for the last five seasons; production of whale and sperm oil of the individual expeditions for the last three seasons; and other pertinent data for the whaling fleets of the five nations, VESSELS: "Operational Experience of Modern Boats on Atlantic Seaboard. Part I--Introduction," ly John Proskie, article, Canadian Fisherman, vol, 49, September CONSERVATION HAS GONE TO SEA The "era of the sea'' is a term which someday may be applied to the latter decades of the 20th century-- the time when man began to explore the possibilities of raising his seafood instead of hunting for it. Heavier fishing by more nations and the realization that sea life, like land life, can be destroyed by over- harvest, has prompted man to apply conservation practices to the sea. The United States is a member of nine international commissions which regulate to some extent sea har- vest; many biologists and oceanographers are getting information which will aid in conservation of present resources and still others are working toward the time when ''farming the sea'' will be anactual fact. Mistakes man made on land need not be repeated at sea. Helping adjust fisheries and wildlife resources to food and recreational needs of the Nation is the task of the Fish and Wildlife Service a2 FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE ) U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 138 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, Mo. 9 BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES EXPLORATORY FISHING & GEAR RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL LABORATORIES 0 ul ray mu TECHNOLOGICAL LABORATORY, COLLEGE PARK, MARYLAND TECHNOLOGICAL LABORATORY KETCHIKAN, ALASKA Gloucester TECHNOLOGICAL LABORATORY EXPLORATORY FISHING BASE #4724! NE Sa SS he SN Nim ! Fri i ine am (iu :- (likes oi ee: nt) El : Fen rT nt qf a] (hes a 4g; —— So Sp TECHNOLOGICAL LABORATORY, BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY, & EXPLORATORY FISHING BASE, SEATTLE, WASHINGTON EXPLORATORY FISHING BASE & TECHNOLOGICAL LABORATORY, PASCAGOULA, MISSISSIPPI September 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 139 RAINBOW TROUT SCANDINAVIAN ra a ah oa aN 4 \ é { SS SSeS SS SS SS SS | 6 pan-dressed rainbow trout or other 1 egg, beaten I ‘ small fish, fresh or frozen Y% cup milk | | 1 teaspoon salt 1 teaspoon salt | | Dash pepper 3/, cup toasted dry bread crumbs 1 cup chopped parsley VY, cup grated Swiss cheese | | , cup butter or margarine, softened 3 tablespoons melted fat or oil | Thaw frozen fish. Clean, wash, and dry fish. Sprinkle inside with salt and | | pepper. Add parsley to butter and mix thoroughly. Spread inside of each fish with | approximately 1 tablespoon parsley butter. Combine egg, milk, and salt. Combine | | crumbs and cheese. Dip fish in egg mixture and roll in crumb mixture. Place on a well-greased cooky sheet, 12 x 15 inches. Sprinkle remaining crumb mixture over | | top of fish. Bake in an extremely hot oven, 500° F., for 10 to 15 minutes or until | fish flakes easily when tested with a fork. Serves 6. You will find your pot of gold at the end of a rainbow trout meal. This popular fish, made golden with cheese una greui in a hot oven in 15 minutes, will ‘strike’ the fancy of the entire family and send your ‘‘what do | serve?’ blues on the “Ay”. --From Fisheries Marketing Bulletin: "Protein Treasure from the SevenSeas." Issued by the National Marketing Services Office, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Chicago 5, Ill. Dy He Ki FEDERAL FINANCIAL AID to the FISHING INDUSTRY of the UNITED STATES The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries has three programs to provide financial assistance for the fishing industry. One program provides loans at 5% simple interest, a second will insure mortgages and loans for premiums of 1% or less, and the third offers differential subsidies up to 33 1/3% of the cost of new vessel construction. FISHERY LOANS FOR VESSELS, GEAR, AND RESEARCH Loans may be obtained for financing and refinancing fishing operations, for maintenance and repair of fishing vessels and gear, and for research into basic fishery problems. Other qualified uses for loans are to purchase new fishing or vessel equipment, such as engines, fishing gear, and electronic or refrigeration equipment. The loan fund also provides a source of money for buying a fishing vessel to replace one that has been --lost or withdrawn from commercial fishing because of inefficiency or obsolescense. Applications for re- placement loans must be received within two years after the vessel was lost or withdrawn. Generally, one loan can accomplish the dual purpose of consolidating all vessel debts and effecting im- provements. To qualify for a fishing loan, an applicant must show evidence of his ability to operate successfully and prove that reasonable financing is not otherwise available. Interest rates are 5% per annum on the actual out- standing balance. Loan maturities may extend to ten years. The Government makes no charge for information and assistance in the preparation and filing of a loan application. FISHING VESSEL MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE The Government will insure mortgages up to 75% of the cost of construction, reconstruction, or recondi- tioning of commercial fishing vessels. Applicants for this insurance must arrange with banks, or other qualified lenders, for the money to be borrowed. The mortgage or loan may bear interest up to 6%, and may have a maturity date of fifteen years. Credit requirements to be met before a mortgage or loan can be insured will be about the same as those of most commercial banks. Premium rates for this insurance are 1%, or less, of the average amount outstanding. Applications are made jointly by borrower and lender and must be filed ninety days prior to the anticipated date of closing the transaction. A commitment to insure a mortgage or loan must be approved prior to the launching of the vessel. VESSEL CONSTRUCTION DIFFERENTIAL SUBSIDY Financial assistance is available to correct inequities between foreign and domestic costs of construction of fishing vessels. Amounts up to one-third of the cost of construction of a new fishing vessel may be paid, provided the vessel, the owner of the proposed vessel, and the fishery in which the vessel will fish meet cer- tain requirements. Among these is a requirement that the fishery involved must be suffering injury by reason of increased imports of a like or directly com- petitive product. Applications and more detailed information regarding these programs may be obtained from the Director, Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries, U.S. Department of the Interior, Wash- ington, D. C. 20240. 4 a =p Sra =p Amt =) to ag i= = ll: | : I C4 _— my ceed Cee *) sd oy might =p mas | a —— ieee = mt "ue = COMMERCIAL FISHERIES / ALYb63BX Fishes — or a — a TASTES . 00... coon , FOR You! 4) ie me, TASTES 6000... FOR you! iL. 25, NO. 10 OCTOBER 1963 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service | _ Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Washington, D.C. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, SECRETARY Address correspondence and requests to the: Chief, Fishery Market News Service, U.S. Bureau of FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE CLARENCE F. PAUTZKE, COMMISSIONER BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES DONALD L. MCKERNAN, DIRECTOR DIVISION OF RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT RALPH C. BAKER, CHIEF hit al) A review of developments and news of the fishery industries prepared in the BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES. Joseph Pileggi, Editor G.A. Albano, H. M. Bearse, and H, Beasley, Assistant Editors Commercial Fisheries, Wyatt Bldg., Suite 611, 777 14th Street, NW., Washington, D.C. 20005. Publication of material from sources outside the Bureau is not an endorsement. The Bureau is not responsible for the accuracy of facts, views, or opinions contained in materialfrom outside sources. Although the contents of the publication have not been copyrighted and may be reprinted freely, reference to the source is appreciated. Use of funds for printing this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, May 1, 1963. 16 16 16 17 5/31/68 CONTENTS COVER: The United States fishing industry celebrated its ninth annual Fish 'n Seafood Parade during the month of October. shellfish in the diet-were stressed over radio, television, newspapers, mag- azines, and by attractive point of sale posters and recipes. As in the past, the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries cooperated with the fishing in< dustry in this annual promotion of fishery products. The advantages of fish and -Net-Weight Determination for Frozen Glazed Fish, by Max Patashnik .-MIT-UNICEF Studies on the Production of Fish Protein Concentrate for Human Consumption, by E. R. Pariser and E. Odland TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS: Alaska: Foreign Fishing Activities in Waters off Alaska as of August 1963 Bristol Bay Salmon Season Kodiak Fisheries Alaska Exploratory Fishery Program: M/V Yaquina Begins Shrimp Explorations Alaska Fisheries Investigations: Naknek Red Salmon Smolts Highest on Record Auke Lake Adult Red Salmon Run Good Salt-Water Temperatures Affect Pink Salm- on Growth Buffalofish: Certain Antioxidants Lengthen Storage Life of Frozen Buffalofish Products California: State Agencies Move to Halt Fish Losses From Agricultural Pesticides Growth and Life History of Dungeness Crab Investigated Canning: Can-Draining Device to Aid Sample Inspection by Lynn G. McKee Page 18 18 20 20 20 21 21 22 ° TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): . Cans--Shipments for Fishery Products, Jan- uary-June 1963 Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations: . Distribution of Skipjack Tuna and Other Large Fish of Open Sea Federal Purchases of Fishery Products: Defense Department Changes Preaward In- spection Procedures for Oysters Department of Defense Does Not Buy Cana- dian Foods Under Buy American Act Ex- emption Authority Fishermen: Interior Department Urges Restoration of Public Health Service Benefits to Self- Employed Commercial Fishermen Fish Protein Concentrate: . Contract Proposal for Fish Protein Concen- trate Reseafch in India Great Lakes Fishery Investigations: Depth Distribution Studies of Chubs and Associated Species in Lake Michigan . Lake Trout Distribution Studies Continued Contents continued page II. II Page 23 23 24 24 24 25 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 30 30 31 31 32 33 33 34 35 35 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 10 CONTENTS (CONTINUED) TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Great Lakes Fishery Investigations (Contd.): Sea Lamprey Control by Chemical Treat- ment Encouraging Gulf Fishery Investigations: Shrimp Distribution Studies Hawaii: Skipjack Tuna Landings, January-July 1963 Industrial Fishery Products: Studies Begun on Production of Animal Feeds From Underutilized Fresh-Water Fish U.S. Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles: Major Indicators for U.S. Supply, July 1963 Production by Areas, August 1963 Production, July 1963 U.S. Fish Meal and Solubles: Production and Imports, January-July 1963 Irradiation Preservation: Another Irradiated Fishery Products Market Research Study Research on Fishery Products Supported by Atomic Energy Commission Michigan: Pink (Humpback) Salmon Expected to Re- appear in Lake Superior Streams Mussels: Declining Harvest from Tennessee River Investigated National Aquarium: Scientific Study Team Outlines Plans for National Fisheries Center and Aquarium North Atlantic Fisheries Exploration and Gear Research: Ocean Perch Continental Slope Explorations North Atlantic Fisheries Investigations: Feeding Periodicity of Groundfish Species Studied Oceanography: North Pacific Trade Wind Zone Oceano- graphy Program Johns Hopkins University Awarded Grant for Research Vessel Oysters: Maryland Spatfall Observations for 1963 Continued Salmon: Columbia River Fish Hatchery Evaluation Program Middle Snake River Area Fisheries Improve- ment Projects Shrimp: United States Shrimp Supply Indicators, August 1963 Transportation: Direct Rail Shipment of Frozen Fish From Southeastern Alaska to Other States Tuna: Bluefin Tagging Program Off California Resumed Bluefin Tuna Tagged in North Atlantic Off Cape Cod Recaptured Near Rhode Island Coast U.S. Fishing Vessels: Documentations Issued and Cancelled, July 1963 Page 37 39 39 39 40 40 41 42 42 43 43 43 44 44 44 44 45 45 45 46 46 46 46 46 47 48 . oe . TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): U.S. Foreign Trade: Edible Fishery Products, July 1963 Imports of Fish Meal and Scrap by Customs Districts, July 1963 Wholesale Prices: Edible Fish and Shellfish, August 1963 FOREIGN: International: Europe: West European Fisheries Conference Sched- uled for October 1963 European Economic Community Delay Sought in Proposed Western European Fisheries Conference European Free Trade Association: Formal Decisions Adopted at Meetings of EFTA Council International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Com- mission: Division of 1963 Pink Salmon Catch Con- sidered Proper Harvest Planned for Pink Salmon Run in North Pacific Convention Waters Pink Salmon Fishing Regulations for First Half of September 1963 Reviewed Pink Salmon Regulatory Problems Discussed Fish Meal: World Production, June 1963 North Pacific Fisheries Convention: Tripartite Treaty Discussions Resumed at Second Meeting Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development: Japan Invited to OECD Membership Soviet Bloc Tripartite Agreement: Cooperation in Fisheries Research by Soviet Union, Poland, and German Dem- ocratic Republic Whaling: Norwegian Government Rejects Application to Sell Whale Factoryship to Japan Algeria: Fisheries Office Established Angola: Japanese Fish Meal Operation Off Angola To Be Discontinued Australia: Team to Study Japanese Tuna Methods Yellowfin Tuna Caught by Long Line Off New South Wales Brazil: Fishery Developments, 1963 British Honduras: Spiny Lobster Industry Chile: Government's Integrated Fisheries Plant New Fish Meal Plant Planned Prospects Slight of Setting Up Japanese Fish- Meal Operations in Chile Exports of Fish Meal Denmark: Fishery Landings, January-June 1963 Fisheries Exports, January-June 1963 Fishery Exports to Rumania Contents continued on page III. October 1963 Page 48 49 49 49 49 50 50 50 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 54 54 55 55 55 56 56 56 56 58 58 59 59 59 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Ill CONTENTS (CONTINUED) FOREIGN (Contd.): Denmark (Contd.): U.S.S.R. Fishery Minister to Visit Denmark Ecuador: Fishing Industry Trends, January-June 1963 Japanese Study Establishment of Whaling Enterprise in Ecuador Fiji Islands: Construction Approved of Japanese Cold- Storage Plant for Tuna in Fiji Islands France: Certificate of Wholesomeness for Imports of Certain Shellfish No Longer Required German Federal Republic: Fish Freshness Tester to Undergo Further Tests Greece: Reefer Fleet Increases Landings of Frozen Fish in First Quarter 1963 Honduras: Shrimp Fishery Expands Iceland: Fisheries Trends, First Half 1963 Iran: Caviar Production by Types of Sturgeon, Fiscal Year 1962/63 Israel: Oceanographic Research in the Red Sea Japan: Frozen Tuna Export Market Improves Japanese Minister Plans to Discuss United States Tariff on Canned Tuna Large Increase Expected in Overseas Tuna Operations New Portable-Vessel-Carrying Tuna Mother- ship Completed University to Study Relation Between Sea Birds and Tuna Migrations Salmon Mothership Fleet Attains North Pa- cific Quota for 1963 Bottomfish Fishing Fleets in Bering Sea Re- port Poor Fishing King Crab Fleets in Bristol Bay Report Poor Fishing Shrimp Fishing in Gulf of Alaska Planning Committee Established for Tripar- tite North Pacific Fisheries Convention Atlantic Trawlers May Fish Hake Japan-Communist China Fisheries Agree- ment Exports of Fishery Products to the United States, 1962, and Applicable United States Import Duties Communist Chinese Fisheries Delegation Expected Firm Contracts with a United States Ship- yard for Construction of Four Trawlers Loan Policy To Be Liberalized to Promote Foreign Investment Importation of Spanish-Caught Fish Opposed by Japanese Trawlers Association Jordan: Attempts to Develop Fishing Industry in Red Sea Page 63 70 70 71 71 72 75 76 FOREIGN (Contd.): Republic of Korea: . Foreign Exchange To Be Authorized for Fishing Vessels Under Italian-French Con- tract - Canned Saury Sold to Burma Mauritania: -. Commercial Fishing Industry To Be Ex- panded Morocco: .- Canned Fish Industry Trends, Second Quar- ter 1963 Norway: - Cod Fishery Trends, January 1-June 22, 1963 . Exports of Canned Fish, January 1-June 22, 1963 - Only Four Expeditions for Antarctic Whaling in 1963/64 Season Panama: .- Spiny Lobster Industry Trends Peru: Fish Meal Industry Faces Problems South Africa Republic: . Japanese Vessel Unloads Tuna at East Coast Port .- Pilchard-Maasbanker Fishery, January-May 1963 . Fisheries Development Corporation of South Africa to Expand - New Automated Fish Meal Plant South Africa Republic and South-West Africa: . Fishing Industry Status South-West Africa: - Tuna Fishing Planned Tahiti: . Japanese Firm Exploring Prospects of Tuna Base U.S.S.R.: . Hight Fish Factoryships Ordered from West German Shipyard United Arab Republic: . Interest in Fishing Industry Grows United Kingdom: . Large Fishing Firm Accepts One of Last Conventional Trawlers FEDERAL ACTIONS: Department of Commerce: Area Redevelopment Administration: i "Clamchip" Firm To Get Loan Department of Commerce and Department of the Interior: . Policy Developed to Prevent Highway Con- struction Damage To Fish and Wildlife Department of the Interior: Fish and Wildlife Service: Bureau of Commercial Fisheries: é New and Amended Federal Standards for Grades of Fish Sticks and Fish Portions United States District Courts: - Court Rulings Differ on Employment Status of Fishermen for Federal Tax Purposes . Eighty-Eighth Congress (First Session) FISHERY INDICATORS: . . Chart 1 - Fishery Landings for Selected States Chart 2 - Landings for Selected Fisheries Contents continued on page IV. IV COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 10 CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Page Page FISHERY INDICATORS (Contd.): FISHERY INDICATORS (Contd.): 77 .. Chart 3 - Cold-Storage Holdings and Freezings 79 .. Chart 6 - Canned Packs of Selected Fishery of Fishery Products Products 78 .. Chart 4 - Receipts and Cold-Storage Holdings 80 .. Chart 7 - U.S. Fishery Products Imports of Fishery Products at Principal Distribution RECENT FISHERY PUBLICATIONS: Centers 81 .. Fish and Wildlife Service Publications 78 .. Chart 5 - Fish Meal and Oil Production 82 .. Miscellaneous Publications TONGS Hand tongs are actually a pair of rakes attached to the end of two long poles (up to twenty feet in length) which are fastened together like a pair of scissors, with the fulcrum near the lower end. A basketlike frame is attached to the back side of each rake in order to hold the catch, Patent tons are a modification of the regular hand tons. They are used mainly inthe Chesapeake Bay area for oysters which are in water too deep for hand tongs. Patent tongs Hand tongs Note: Excerpt from Circular 109, Commercial Fishing Gear of the United States, for sale from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402, single copy 40 cents. Editorial Assistants: Ruth V. Keefe and Jean Zalevsky Sr. Compositor: Alma Greene Jr. Compositors: Donna K. Wallace and Marjorie McGlone seheskciisic este sions Photograph Credits: Page by page, the following list gives the source or photographer for each photograph in this issue. Photographs on pages not mentioned were obtained from the Service's file and the photographers are unknown. P. 15--V. L. Fortin; p. 55--U.:S. Coast Guard. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402. Price 60 cents (single copy). Subscription Price: $5.50 a year; $2 additional for foreign mailing. {yr UT] October 1963 Washington, D. C. Vol. 25, No. 10 NET-WEIGHT DETERMINATION FOR FROZEN GLAZED FISH By Max Patashnik* ABSTRACT A procedure is recommended for determining the net weight of frozen glazed fish (large-size units such as halibut fletches and whole dressed fish). The accuracy and applicability of the pro- cedure are discussed. INTRODUCTION Requests for a recommended method to determine the net weight of frozen glazed fish such as salmon and halibut steaks, halibut fletches (the entire fillet or its cross-cut chunks), and whole dressed fish have been received periodically by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Seattle Technological Laboratory. Since the publication of the article, "Accuracy of Net-Weight Determination for Frozen Glazed Halibut Steaks'' (Patashnik 1962), the ques- tion of the applicability of the halibut-steak method to large-size units such as halibut fletches and whole dressed fish has arisen. In the marketing of frozen glazed halibut and salmon, the need for a referee procedure to establish net weight (in the absence of an official procedure) is becoming increasingly ap- parent. Since it is not economically practical to apply a precisely controlled level of per- centage glaze, we find considerable variation in percentage glaze on individual fish. In 1957, for example, the percentage glaze on individual halibut fletches, observed as part of an in- dustry survey, varied from a low of 2.5 to a high of 14.9 percent. We might expect even more extreme variation in the percentage glaze of whole dressed fish because of the possibility of filling or not filling voids in the belly cavity. Thus, since net weights are usually designated for fish after glazing (based on weighing the glazed fish), they can only be regarded as an estimate of the true net weight. Therefore, to arrive at a fair designation of weight for a given lot of frozen glazed fish, we must adequately sample the entire lot and establish an average percentage glaze for the lot, the latter being established by employing the interim procedure presented below., The net weight of the lot can be calculated on the basis of this average percentage glaze.l The purpose of this article is (1) to recommend an interim procedure for determining the net weight and percentage glaze of frozen glazed fish--including halibut fletches and whole dressed fish; (2) to present typical data on the accuracy of the procedure; and (3) to discuss briefly various aspects of the procedure. RECOMMENDED INTERIM PROCEDURE The recommended procedure outlined on page 2 for the determination of net weight and per- centage glaze is based on the official method given in the current U.S. Standards for Grades of Frozen Halibut Steaks (March 1959). The procedure is as follows: *Chemical Engineer, Technological Laboratory, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Seattle, Wash. 1/U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Commercial Fisheries trained inspectors are available on a nominal fee basis, as a service to processors and buyers of frozen glazed fishery products, to apply and interpret officially this procedure, and thus assure fair dealing to contractual parties. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 689 2 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 10 1. Weigh the fish with the glaze intact, to determine the gross weight (C in formula I). 2. Thaw the glaze from the fish as follows: a. Rapidly remove all excessive ice layers or pockets of ice with running tap water or a nozzle-type spray. Where the belly walls of dressed fish are frozen together, continue thawing until the ice pockets in the belly cavity are completely removed. (The use of 50° to 60° F. tap water is usually satisfactory. For the rapid removal of deeply recessed ice pockets, however, the use of about 100° to 110° F. water is preferable.) b. Adequately thaw the remaining outer surfaces of the frozen fish by means of water spray or water immersion to prevent the freezing of water thereon during step 4 below. Continue thawing until no residual ice glaze can be visually observed or can be sensed by finger touch. (Usually 2 to 5 minutes of thawing with 50° to 600° F. tap water are adequate, but additional time may be needed for larger fish. Nei- ther the exact thawing time used nor the slight overthawing of the fish surfaceare critical factors in this determination. However, when the relatively heavy halibut fletches are being thawed, it is important to limit the thawing to a very thin sur- face layer to avoid significant errors during the handling in steps 3 and 4 below.) 3. Place the deglazed fish in an inclined position for about 1 minute to permit most of the excess surface water to drain away freely. 4. Gently wipe off all remaining excess water from the slightly thawed surfaces of the fish with a water-saturated paper towel, periodically squeezing out the excess water from the towel.’ Gently wipe the entire sur- face at least once but not more than twice. If the fish starts to ice up before step 4 can be completed, repeat step 2 as required. (Use of the water-saturated towel avoids the blotting action of a dry towel. The proper and adequate removal of the surface water as directed in step 4 is the critical part of the procedure.) 5. Weigh the deglazed fish to determine the apparent net weight (D in formula I). 6. Calculate the percentage glaze as: (Geo 1D) D x 100 = percentage glaze (Formula I) 7. The net weight is represented as the difference between the gross weight with glaze onand the apparent net weight with glaze removed by this procedure. Fy ACCURACY OF PROCEDURE Biicy R ee Pe DR Gand Demonstrating the use of a nozzle-type spray for reaching inacces- EXPERIMENTAL: Totestthe accuracy of ible i kets. SIR elas i the procedure, we prepared glaze-free fro- zen halibut fletches, dressed halibut, and pink salmon of true net weight, T (formula II, p. 3), and glazed them. (The true net weight initially established was assumed to remain the same for all tests.) The glaze was then removed by the recommended procedure, and the fishwere reweighed to give the apparent net weight, D. The difference in weight, D - T, was considered October 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 3 to be the error in the method. The percentage error in the determination of true net weight was calculated as follows: Di ene) 8 T percentage error (Formula II) RESULTS: The following three series of tests--series A,B, and C--show the accuracy obtained in using the recommended procedure: Series A: In the first series of tests, a single, dressed pink salmon (6 pounds, 3 ounces) was put through 11 cycles of glazing and deglazing over a 3-day period, being returned to -20° F. after each glazing and deglazing. The results (table 1) show that the error in net weight was not greater than 1.0 percent. No obvious differences in the accuracy of the method was noted whether the dressed salm- on was deglazed by water spray or by water immersion. Neither the amount of glaze ap- plied nor the length of time the fish was im- mersed in water noticeably affected the ac- curacy of the procedure, provided that the time was sufficient to remove the glaze. Series B: In the second series of tests, a dressed halibut (21 pounds, 9.8 ounces) was put through eight cycles of glazing and de- glazing as above. Theresults (table 2) showed that the percentage error in true net weight was within 1.0 percent for both deglazing by water spray or by water immersion for all time-intervals employed. Series C: In the third series of tests, three halibut fletches (3 pounds, 1.7 ounces; 7 pounds, 1.8 ounces; and 11 pounds, 0.3 ounces) were put through nine cycles of glaz- ing and deglazing in a manner similar to series A. The results (table 3) were within 1.0 percent of true net weight. However, more variability was noted on duplicate tests of fletches that were excessively thawed; these are among the 60-minute water-im- mersion tests in the table. When the fletches were deglazed for 10 minutes or more, they began to present a ° Table 1 - Error in the Determination of True Net Weight for a Dressed Pink Salmon (6 pounds, 3 ounces) Subjected to 11 Cycles of Glazing and Deglazing Amount of Glaze Deglazing Error for: Applied _| Water Spray Percent Percent Percent 8.2 DAwWwwhwWwanow ONODUIDANNO® -minute thawing time was inadequate, as some ice glaze still remained in the visceral cavity. Table 2 - Error in the Determination of True Net Weight for a Dressed Halibut (21 pounds, 9.8 ounces) Subjected to 8 Cycles of Glazing and Deglazing Amount of Glaze Applied Test Cycle Deglazing Time Percent +0.5 +0 +0 -0 . ° ONODUP WD Deglazing Time Percent aS w fe BP] WW Ww Immersion fe °° aD ; oe an j os > |1/For adequate delgazing, fletch #1 required 15 minutes, fletch #2 about 2 minutes, and fletch #3 about 23 minutes, 4 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 10 problem because of overthawing. Owing to the relatively greater weight of the fletches, it was difficult to wipe off the excess surface moisture gently without squeezing out water from the readily compressible, thawed outer shell. DISCUSSION OF PROCEDURE According to the data presented, the average net weight of frozen glazed fish can be de- termined within 1 percent, whether the procedure is applied to large units such as halibut fletches, dressed halibut, and dressed salmon (tables 1, 2, and 3) or to small units such as halibut steaks (Patashnik 1962). In the development and use of the procedure presented, how - ever, some background considerations should be mentioned. Since it has previously been demonstrated that the average net weight of small units of fish such as halibut steaks (which have a high surface-area-to-weight ratio) can be determined within 1 percent, it was reasoned that the same determination applied to such larger units of fish as fletches and dressed fish (which have a relatively low surface-area-to-weight ratio) should also give results within this level of accuracy. We would expect this conclusion to be true, provided (1) that the larger fish units could be sufficiently thawed on the surface to avoid any significant refreezing of water and (2) that there was no significant loss of natural fluids during thawing and subsequent handling. Although we found this to be true with such small units as halibut steaks even when completely thawed (Patashnik 1962), it was not in- variably true with all the large units in the current study. Thus, if we substantially thawed large units of fish such as dressed salmon or halibut by immersing them in running tap water at 50° to 60° F. for 30 or 60 minutes, we obtained individual test values well within 1.0 per- cent (tables 1 and 2). However, we began to approach the level of 1.0-percent accuracy when the longer thawing time of 10 or 60 minutes was applied to halibut fletches (table 3). In gen- eral, we observed that the thawing of halibut fletches for 10 minutes or longer presented a problem, since it was difficult to wipe off the excess water gently (step 4 in the procedure) enough to avoid squeezing out natural fluids from the readily compressible or sponge-like thawed outer surface. This difficulty resulted from the concentration of pressure at localized surface areas where the fletches came into contact with the hands or the draining surface (during step 3 and 4), because of their relatively heavy weight. Because the skin of dressed fish prevents the squeezing out of the natural fluids, they present no such problem; thus greater flexibility in thawing time is permitted. Although thawing times beyond 5 or 10 minutes are usually not recommended, thawing up to 60 minutes was carried out in order to estimate the effect of substantial overthawing on the accuracy of the procedure. On the basis of the data in tables 1, 2, and 3, we may conclude that a slight overthawing of the fish surface as provided in step 2 of the procedure will not introduce significant errors. The main problem in determining the net weight of large units of glazed fish (whole dressed fish) is to achieve a complete removal of the ice pockets in the belly cavity or in other hidden recesses. This can be most speedily accomplished under step 2 of the proce- dure, by inserting a nozzle into the cavity and employing high-velocity water warmed to the specified 100° to 110° F. Where parts of these cavities or recesses are inaccessible for the complete wiping off of excess moisture (step 4), this omission has not been found to notice- ably affect results. In step 4 of the method, the caution was given that the critical part of the procedure was to ''gently wipe off all excess water from the slightly thawed surfaces of the fish with a water- saturated paper towel.'' This precaution becomes especially critical when working withsmall units of cut fish (with no skin protection) such as halibut or salmon steaks because of the high ratio of surface area to weight. Attention to this detail is also important in working with halibut fletches (with no skin protection), especially with the smaller sizes such as fletch No. 1 reported in table 3. For optimum accuracy, it is especially important to avoid re- moving the below-the-surface natural fish fluids; thus it is desirable to avoid either vigor- ously sponging the fish surface with dry paper towels, or repeatedly sponging the surface with wet paper towels. October 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW ) Other conditions being equal, the relative surface-area-to-weight ratio of the product determines the accuracy obtainable. Thus, to measure individual net weights within 1-per- cent accuracy on dressed halibut or salmon and on halibut fletches, the operator needs little training, provided the procedure is properly interpreted. In applying the procedure to hali- but steaks, however, some prior practice or orientation of the operator is necessary to ob- tain the average 1-percent level of accuracy because of the relatively high surface-area-to- weight ratio. The investigator recognizes the limited number of samples employed in this study. In his opinion, the 8 to 11 replications on a single sample(tables 1,2,and 3) establish with rea- sonable certainty that the method itself introduces little variance. Several possible problem areas that might conceivably introduce sample variance in the results were considered but found to offer no serious problem (varying surface-area-to-weight ratio, percentage glaze, deeply recessed ice pockets, protective skin or no skin, length of deglazing time, temperature of the glazing water, and the effect of several cycles of freezing and thawing). Until the in- dustry or some other interested group officially requests the development of an official pro- cedure, a larger sampling to validate this recommended interim procedure more rigorously cannot be justified. The procedure as set forth appears to be adequate to serve existing needs. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION In a test of the interim procedure recommended here for determining the net weight of relatively large-size frozen glazed fish units, individual results with halibut fletches, dressed halibut, and salmon were within 1 percent of the true net weight. It is recommended that interested groups evaluate this interim procedure as the basis of a future official standardized method for determining the net weight of frozen glazed fish. LITERATURE CITED U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1959, United States Standards for Grades of Frozen Halibut Steaks, (March) (First Issue), 4 pp. PATASHNIK, MAX 1962. Accuracy of Net-Weight Determination for Frozen Glazed Halibut. Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 24, no. 10 (October), pp. 5-8. (Sep. No. 658) Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior—America’s Department of Natural Resources—is concerned with the man- agement, conservation, and development of the Nation's water, fish, wildlife, mineral, forest, and park and recreational re- sources. It also has major responsibilities for Indian and Territorial affairs. As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Depart- ment works to assure that nonrenewable resources are developed and used wisely, that park and recreational resources are con- served for the future, and that renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress, prosperity, and security of the United States—now and in the future. 6 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Voll. 25; Nos 10 MIT-UNICEF STUDIES ON THE PRODUCTION OF FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION By E. R. Pariser* and E. Odland** ABSTRACT Specific problems relating to (1) the dehydration, defatting, and deodorizing of fresh whole fish and (2) the defatting and deodorizing of commercial fish meal were studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, under the sponsorship of UNICEF in consultation with FAO, The effect of processing variables on the qual- ity of the final product was also investigated. INTRODUCTION In many parts of the world where populations suffer from the effects of a serious andin- creasing shortage of dietary protein, vast fish resources are known to exist. Yet, in many such localities, those resources have remained virtually untapped because facilities for the conservation, storage, and distribution of fresh or processed fish are lacking. In order that locally existing marine products can be made available as food, it has been contemplated to prepare from fish a stable product of high nutritional value that can be read- ily stored and transported and used as a valuable supplement to local diets. The product use- fulness and stability required cannot be achieved without the removal of water to reduce bulk and weight and to minimize bacterial and enzymatic spoilage; lipids and lipid-related com- pounds must also be removed, since their usually highly reactive nature makes them likely to be rapidly oxidized, with the formation of flavors and odors disagreeable to most people. Apart from impairing the palatability, such oxidized products may also produce undesirable side effects, such as gastric upset. Numerous methods for producing such a fishery product have been published or are the subject of patent applications. Most of the published work, however, appears to refer to lab- oratory investigations only. Comprehensive studies correlating the evaluation of biological protein quality with processing data are seldom reported. Among procedures suggested for the preparation of fish protein concentrates, solvent- defatting and solvent-deodorizing showed promising results and so were further investigated. Processing methods based upon these operations vary mainly in the method of dehydration, choice of solvent or solvents, and conditions of extraction. In an effort to clarify the effects of these variables on the composition, protein quality, and taste- and smell-characteristics of the final product, the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), in consultation with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), arranged for a study of those problems by the Department of Food Technology of the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- nology (MIT). This study was completed in 1961. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the results. Inthis summary, we report on the following: the raw material selected; the processing methods and equipment used; and the effect of the processing variables on the final product. RAW MATERIALS SELECTED The raw material selected for processing by different methods included: (a) various types of commercial fish meal produced on the Atlantic Coast of the United States; (b) whole fish--such as cod, haddock, pollock, mackerel, etc.--obtained fresh from Boston; (c) fish **Chemical Engineer, Fishery Technological Laboratory, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, College Park, Md. (formerly Re- search Associate, Department of Food Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology). ** United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, New York, N. Y. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 690 October 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW ii meal produced from Chilean hake (merluzza) by a conventional commercial process (screw- press extraction and hot-air drying! ); and (d) fresh frozen and degutted merluzza. Both the Chilean fish meal and the frozen fis picts shipped in cold storage to Boston, where they were stored in a refrigerated warehouse.= PROCESSING METHODS AND EQUIPMENT The processing methods investigated in these studies were performed with two basic sets of equipment. The first set of equipment consisted of a jacketed 40-liter vacuum kettle equipped with an agitator-scraper and connected to a four- stage steam-jet vacuum system. This appa- ratus, shown in figure 1, was used both for vacuum drying and for simultaneous dehydra- tion and extraction procedures. ‘To Vacuum pressure Gauge Thermometers ‘Thermometer Heating apie | Jacket ce aa Scraper Agitator — ‘Thermometer SSA Mixing Motor Fig. 1 - Vacuum dehydrator. Fig. 2 - MIT-UNICEF pilot plant. The second set of equipment was a self-contained extraction pilot plant, provided by UNICEF specifically for this study. This package was complete with tanks, pumps, motors, etc. It consisted essentially of an extraction vessel of 40-liters capacity and of equipment for solvent recovery, heating and circulation of water, and production of vacuum. This equipment is illustrated in figure 2, and a typical flow sheet is shown in figure 3. All samples of fish protein concentrate prepared and studied in this investigation were processed in this pilot plant, which was RSI and operated on the premises of the Dehydrating Process Company in North Woburn, Mass.> In the preparation of a fish protein concentrate, the moisture, fats, and other lipids must be removed. These components may be extracted in various ways, either separately or si- multaneously. We accordingly describe the three following methods studied: (A) dehydration; (B) solvent extraction; (C) simultaneous dehydration and extraction. 1/This meal had been manufactured in the Swiss-Chilean fish meal plant, ISESA, in Quintero, Chile. 2/Thanks are due to Walter Meier, Director of the ISESA fish meal plant in Quintero, Chile, for his assistance in providing both the fish meal and the fresh frozen merluzza used in these studies. 3/Thanks are due to John Ryan for his kind cooperation and permission to operate the pilot plant on the premises of his factory, the De- hydrating Process Co. 8 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 10 HOT WATER =---MATERIAL TO BE EXTRACTED < > a e e s YALVM ONITOOO . Extractor, pressure jacketed, with manhole, equipped . Fresh solvent tank. with two filters. . Water-cooled coil condenser. . Concentrator for removing solvent from extracted . Water-cooled miscella cooler. residue. . Miscella settling and filtering tank. . Hexane/water separator. . Miscella tank. - Vacuum tank. 5 : - . Residue receiving tank. - Pumps. , : . Evaporator. Fig. 3 - Typical flow sheet of MIT-UNICEF pilot plant. A. DEHYDRATION METHODS: Two methods of dehydration were investigated. These were (1) vacuum drying in oil suspension and (2) drying by azeotropic distillation: 1. Vacuum Drying in Oil Suspension: 2 PROCEDURE: In the vacuum-drying-in-oil- BLENDING suspension process, the fresh-frozen and WITH HTM. FILTRATION gutted fish were ground and mixed in a Rietz AND NaG (PRESSING) disintegrator with about equal weights of an edible oil. The mixture was then transferred ~ to the vacuum kettle, and moisture was re- moved from the fish slurry at 40° C, (104° F.) by the application of vacuum and continu- ous agitation. The vacuum kettle, mounted Beer EXT Re HeN ona platform scale, was equipped with serv- ice connections so that the rate of water re- moval and the dehydration end-point could be estimated. A schematic representation ofthe process is given in figure 4. dehydrated fresh fish. RESULTS: Under the experimental con- Fig, 4 - Flow diagram for the heat-transfer method of dehy- ditions used, the moisture content of leanfish dration, October 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 9 materials could be reduced approximately from 80 percent of the fish to8 percent of the meal in about 1.5 hours. To reduce the moisture level of the meal from 8 percent to 4 percent usually required an additional 2.5 hours. Table 1 gives the results of some dehydration ex- periments in which different species of fish were used. Table 1 - Composition of Some Lean Fish and Corresponding |, Meals Obtained by Vacuum Drying in Oil Suspension Dehydrated Fish (Meal) | influence of the ratio of oil to fish on the rate Aleahol= "| WMioisturel jes seobol i) 2 : Extractable c Extractable of vacuum dehydration of comminuted fresh Content ontent | Content pollock showed that approximately equala- | J..essseveae (Percent) ieee ‘ Bee mounts (by weight) of oil and fish gave a sat- isfactory rate of dehydration. Experiments designed to determine the Moisture Content This method permits dehydration of fish at low temperatures in the absence of atmos- pheric oxygen, yielding a product that is of a light color and of a texture that is well suited to subsequent solvent extraction. Certain experimental problems were encountered, but on the whole, this method proved to be promising and practicable. 2. Drying by Azeotropic Distillation: PROCEDURE: For drying by azeotropic distilla- tion, the fresh-frozen and gutted fish was ground in a Rietz disintegrator, and the slurry was transferred to the extractionvessel. The mass was slurried with 1,2-dichloroethane by means of a propeller agitator. Water at 1200 C. (248° F.) was then circulated in the vessel jacket, and the moisture contained in the fish slurry was boiled off with the solvent vapor at a con- stant temperature of 71°-72° C. (159.8°-161.6°0 F.). The azeotrope was condensed, water was separated by gravity, and the solvent was recycled to the extraction chamber. The collected water was measured, which permitted the dehydration end-point to be estimated. RESULTS: Under the experimental conditions used, the water content of merluzza was reduced from 79.2 percent to below 5 percent. The method allows dehydration in the absence of atmospheric oxygen and yields a fairly light-colored meal having a texture that is suitable for subsequent extraction. B. SOLVENT EXTRACTION: In the processes investigated in this study, solvent extrac- tion was used to remove lipids as well as lipid-related and odor-bearing constituents from the starting material. Except for the simultaneous dehydration and extraction method de- scribed below, all solvent extraction operations were carried out in the UNICEF pilot plant. The following solvents or combinations of solvents were used: 1. Hexane, followed by ethyl alcohol. 2. Ethyl alcohol. 3. 1,2-dichloroethane, followed by methyl alcohol. The extraction chamber of the pilot plant was charged with both the material to be ex- tracted and the solvent. The kettle contents were then heated to a temperature slightly below the boiling point of the solvent, and the extraction was carried out either by a succession of batch washings, or by continuous circulation of solvent through the rotating extraction chamber. In batch operations, the duration of a washing cycle was varied from 3 to 1 hour. The amount of liquid retained by the meal after draining varied somewhat but usually made up between 50 and 60 percent by weight of the drained meal. In operations involving continuous circulation of solvent, the solvent flow rate was kept constant by means of valves on the solvent-intake and -outlet lines, and with the help of a flow meter. Settling and draining were carried out as in batch operations. After the final draining of the liquid, the remaining solvent was removed as completely as possible from the extracted meal by application of heat and vacuum and by rotation of the 10 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 10 vessel. By this procedure, fairly satisfactory solvent removal was usually obtained in 2.5 hours. The temperature during removal of solvent was not allowed to exceed 80° C. (176° No Extraction of commercial fish meals was carried out with commercial hexane, with 95- percent ethyl alcohol, or with both in order to examine the relative efficiencies of those sol- vents in removing the fatty and odor-bearing components of fish. Results obtained with vari- ous commercial fish meals indicate a marked difference between hexane and ethyl alcohol in the extent to which those solvents will remove extractable matter. A quantitative examina- tion of the respective extracts obtained indicated that hexane extracts largely oil, whereas ethyl alcohol extracts the oil as well as an appreciable amount of matter not extractable with hexane. Meals extracted with hexane were found to retain most of the fish odor, whereas the extraction with ethyl alcohol produced marked deodorization both in the meals that had previ- ously been extracted with hexane and in the meals that had not been so extracted. In summary, it appears (1) that extraction of fish meals with hexane alone will yield an essentially oil-free, but not deodorized product, and (2) that extraction with ethyl alcohol, or a solvent of similar properties, is required for satisfactory deodorization. Furthermore, results obtained in continuous and batch pilot-plant extractions of commercial white-fish meal with ethyl alcohol show that such extraction progresses in two distinct steps: (1) an initial washing stage in which the rate of flow of solvent controls the rate of extraction; and (2) a second stage in which diffusion of oil from within the meal particles controls the rate of ex- traction. For a given fish meal, the rate of diffusion was not materially affected by varia- tions in the rate of solvent flow; and the rate of extraction in this stage was essentially a function of the length of time in which the solvent is in contact with the meal. C. SIMULTANEOUS DEHYDRATION AND EXTRACTION: Procedure: In the method employing simultaneous dehydration and extraction, fresh-frozen and gutted fish was ground, acidified slightly, and processed at atmospheric pressure with successive batches of 95-per- cent ethyl alcohol in the vacuum kettle. The initial weight ratio of alcohol to wet fish was 1.5:1. In this stage, the mixture was held at 50° C. (122° F.) for 4 hours with continuous agitation. At the end of the period, the excess liquid was filtered off, and the resulting mash was reduced to about 50-percent dry solids ina hand press. The resulting press cake was disintegrated and reslurried with an equal weight of 95-percent ethyl alcohol made slightly alkaline. This mixture was held at 50” C, for 30 minutes, re-acidified, and the resulting fish solids were separated by filtration and pressing as before. After disintegration, the material was transferred to the pilot plant and extracted five times with recycled ethyl alcohol, pressed again, and further extracted with three batches of fresh 95-percent ethyl alcohol. Extraction and desolventizing were conducted as described earlier (see ''Solvent Extraction"), except that the duration of each washing cycle was 1 hour; the extraction vessel was rotated for 5 minutes every 15 minutes, and the temperature of the meal during extraction was kept be- tween 55° and 60° C, (131° and 140° F.), Results: A dry and practically odorless product was obtained. Typical data for mois- ture, protein, and residual alcohol-extractable content in the finished product are presented in table 2, which gives a general summary of these studies. This method of processing permits dehydration, defatting, and deodorizing at low temp- eratures, and with one solvent, while protecting the fish from atmospheric oxygen. The large amounts of alcohol required for dehydration, however, pose some recovery problems. D. CONCLUSIONS: The dehydration and extraction experiments reported here were not exhaustive, so they can serve only to illustrate the possibility of drying and defatting fish and fish meal by the methods described. The observations do not permit a comprehensive cost analysis of the methods; in practice, costs will depend very much upon the design and engi- neering details of the plant chosen. Selected data on merluzza meals and protein concentrates are given in table 2 which, for comparison, also contains data for fresh-frozen gutted merluz- za, commercial merluzza meal, and a lyophilized (freeze-dried) sample of fresh-frozen mer- luzza,. October 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 11 Table 2 - Composition of Fish Protein Concentrates and Meals Prepared from Chilean Hake (Merluzza) by Different Methods of Dehydration and Extraction IMoicooe Method of Solvent(s) Used for | Residual Alcohol Protein Content Dehydration Defatting & Extractables Extract-Free&D Basis) Deodorization (Dry Basis) tesh -frozen gutted merluzza 9. = FPC2/ from fresh-frozen Vacuum eying in oil gutted merluza . suspension 95% ethanol Extraction with 95% IFPC from fresh -frozen : ethanol 95% ethanol gutted merluzza Azeotropic, with 2.4 1, 2-dichloroethane Methanol aes . 84 Commercial merluzza meal Cooking, screw-pressing,} Hexane & FPC from commercial & hot-air drying 95% ethanol merluzza meal 3.4 95% ethanol Meal from fresh -frozen gutted merluzza Lyophilization 1/Nitrogenous compounds precipitated by cupric hydroxide. 2/Fish protein concentrate, EFFECT OF PROCESSING VARIABLES ON THE FINAL PRODUCT4/ PROCEDURE: The final part of these studies consisted in preparing fish protein con- centrates by five different processes and evaluating the products. These concentrates were made from merluzza fish meal, commercially prepared by ''ISESA,'' and fresh-frozen gutted merluzza. The commercial fish-meal process consists of cooking and pressing the fish, dis- integrating the press cake, and drying in steam-jacketed dryers with circulation of air. Dry- ing time is approximately 4 hours. The frozen fish used was prepared in Chile from strictly fresh gutted merluzza, and shipped frozen to Boston. Both the meal and the frozen fish were stored in Boston at -23°C. (-9.4° F.), and portions withdrawn as needed in the experiments. The fish protein concentrates were prepared as follows: A. Concentrate No. 1 was prepared from the commercial meal by successive extractions with hexane and ethyl alcohol. The extractions were performed in the UNICEF pilot plant. The hexane treatment consisted of eight batch washings, each lasting 30 minutes, after which the solvent was removed from the meal. The temperature during extraction was held at 50° C, (122° F.) and during removal of solvent below 70° C. (158° F.). The hexane-extracted meal was then given nine washings with recycled ethyl alcohol, followed by three washings with fresh 95-percent ethyl alcohol, each batch requiring 1 hour. Temperature during the alcohol extraction was 55° to 60° C, (131° to 140° F.), and below 80° C., (176° F.) during solvent re- moval, The finished product was stored in containers at -30° C. (-22° F.) until withdrawn for testing. B. Concentrate No. 2 was prepared in the same manner as was Concentrate No. 1 ex- cept that the extraction with hexane was omitted. C. Concentrate No. 3 was prepared by slurrying the commercial meal with water, acidi- fying slightly, and allowing the mash to soak for 3 hours at room temperature. Further treatment was similar in all respects to that described under ''Simultaneous Dehydra- tion and Extraction.'' The finished product was then handled similarly to Concentrate No. 1. 4/Thanks are due to Frank Piskur, then Director of the Fishery Technological Laboratory, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Col- lege Park, Md., for the chemical and biological analyses of the processed meals and fish protein concentrates. 12 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 10 D. Concentrate No. 4 was made by processing the frozen merluzza as described on page 10 in ''Simultaneous Dehydration and Extraction,'' and the finished product was again handled as in the case of Concentrate No. 1. E. Concentrate No. 5 was prepared from frozen merluzza by first dehydrating it azeo- tropically in the pilot plant with 1,2-dichloroethane as described in ''Drying by Azeotropic Distillation.'' The resulting meal was then given five batch washings with recycled methyl alcohol and three further washings with fresh methyl alcohol. Extraction, draining, and de- solventization were carried out as described in''Solvent Extraction," except that the temperature during extraction was maintained at 60° C. (140° F.), and the time required for desolventization was 3.5 hours. The finished product was handled as in the case of Concen- trate No. 1. A summary of the five methods used in preparing these fish protein concentrates is given in table 2. RESULTS: Proximate chemical analyses of the experimental fish protein concentrates and the raw materials from which they were prepared were performed, and the results in- dicated some interesting differences. It was found that both the frozen fish and the commer- cial fish meal contained appreciable amounts of nonprotein nitrogen, but that this material seemed to be removed by the processing in the case of Concentrates 3 and 4. The higher muscle-to-bone ratio in the dressed frozen fish, as compared to the whole fish used for pro- duction of the meal, resulted in a higher protein level in the former (on a dry basis) than in the latter; furthermore, the cooking and pressing involved in the meal production resulted in a loss of nitrogen. Biological evaluations were made of the five experimental concentrates and of the com- mercial meal. Feeding studies were made with rats over a 4-week period using a casein diet as the control. Under the experimental conditions, rats fed the fish meal and Concentrates 1-4 showed significantly better growth and feed efficiency than rats fed casein. All the experimental concentrates smelled faintly of fish--those prepared from commer- cial meal slightly more so than those prepared from frozen fish. Concentrates 4 and 5, pre- pared from frozen fish, were lighter in color than were the commercial fish meal and Con- centrates 1, 2, and 3 prepared from this meal. Although they varied in texture, all concen- trates were free-flowing in contrast to the commercial meal, which showed a tendency to cake. Since none of the experimental fish protein concentrates was completely odorless, all of them were incorporated into bread at two levels of concentration to permit assessment of their practical usefulness. Bread baked with the commercial meal was used as a control. Fish protein concentrate was substituted for wheat flour at the rate of 5 and 10 percent of the total amount of flour called for in the bread recipe. The breads were then judged for ap- pearance, odor, and taste. The results of these tests can be summarized as follows: a fair- ly acceptable bread was obtained when 5 percent of the experimental fish protein concentrate prepared from commercial fish meal was incorporated into the bread. The same x *sults were obtained when protein concentrate prepared from frozen fish was incorporated at the 10-percent level. Bread baked with the commercial meal itself was found unacceptable by 90 percent of the judges at the 5-percent level and by 100 percent of the judges at the 10- percent level. Bread baked with Concentrates 1, 2, and 3 was found acceptable by about 80 percent of the judges at the 5-percent level and by about 60 percent at the 10-percent level. Bread baked with Concentrates 4 and 5 was found acceptable by 89 percent at the 5-percent level, and by 85 percent of the judges at the 10-percent level. Since appearance and "feel" of a product such as bread can affect the judgment of other qualities, these results undoubted- ly also reflect to some extent differences in appearance, texture, and other intangibles. CONCLUDING REMARKS During the work reported here, the emphasis was placed on the technical feasibility of preparing a nutritious fish protein concentrate suitable for use as an ingredient in food, and October 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 13 no attempt was made to evaluate comprehensively the basic engineering requirements and the economics of any of the methods examined. A number of problems were encountered which indicated that considerable experimentation and engineering development are required before the processing technology of fish protein concentrate can be advanced on a broad basis. Un- fortunately these could not be followed up within the framework of the investigation. A PUBLIC SERVICE MESSAGE FROM THE U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND THE U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 14 ——— Alaska FOREIGN FISHING ACTIVITIES IN WATERS OFF ALASKA AS OF AUGUST 1963: Soviet trawl-fishing operations in the Gulf of Alaska increased to more than 150 ves- sels this year. All observations by U.S. Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries personnel in- dicate the Soviets are fishing primarily Pa- cific ocean perch with very little halibut or other incidental species included in the catches, according to an August 27, 1963, news release from the Bureau's Alaska Re- gional Office at Juneau. Additionally, the Soviets operated three king crab fleets in the Bering Sea from March until June, when they shifted operations of two of the fleets into the Gulf of Alaska about 100 miles southeast of Kodiak Island. After fishing there briefly with excellent success, the fleets returned to waters off Siberia and engaged in the saury fishery off the Kurile Islands. Four Soviet whale fleets have operated intermittently in waters off Alaska during the summer. The swift whale killer vessels have been reported in violation of Alaska territorial waters several times in pursuit of whales. The four whaling fleets constitute the largest Russian whaling effort in the North Pacific and Gulf of Alaska to data. The total Japanese fishing effort in the eastern North Pacific is somewhat reduced from last year. In 1962 the Japanese in the eastern Bering Sea operated four factory- ships and an estimated 112 trawlers, catch- ing fish for reduction and processing fish meal and oil. It is believed that dwindling catches and high costs of operation have caused the Japanese to reduce the fish-meal operation to the August level of a single fac- toryship and 30 trawlers. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW ==! RENDSS = AND EDEVELO PMENTS Vol. 25, No. 10 The Japanese shrimp operations in 1962 consisted of three factoryships and 38 trawl- ers operating within a radius of 100 miles of the Pribilof Islands. The three fleets took almost 40 million pounds of shrimp. In 1963, two shrimp factoryships and 26 trawlers re- turned to the same general area north of the Pribilofs and are enjoying excellent shrimp fishing. A Japanese king crab fishery has operated for the past several years in the eastern Be- ring Sea off Port Moller. Efforts in 1963 were reduced to two factoryships accompa- nied by four trawl-type tangle-net setting ves - sels. Last year, the Japanese operated four factoryships and 19 trawler-type vessels. A proposal to shift king-crab operations to the Gulf of Alaska apparently has been abandoned by the Japanese this year. Whaling activity in 1963 by the Japanese remained at the same level as last year. Three factoryships, each accompanied by seven killer vessels, operated in waters off Alaska. One fleet remained in the western, Aleutian area throughout the season. How- ever, the other two fleets moved south and east as far as the vicinity of Prince of Wales Island, representing the farthest south and east penetration of any large foreign fleets to date. Like the Russians, the Japanese whale killers have been reported in violation of the three-mile territorial sea limit ona number of instances. The 1963 fishing season has marked a new high in patrol efforts of the U.S. Coast Guard and U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries in waters adjacent to Alaska. Joint Coast Guard and Bureau enforcement responsibilities for several International Treaties coupled with increasing foreign fishing activities inwaters off Alaska have prompted a substantial in- crease in patrol and surveillance efforts over previous years. OK OK OK October 1963 BRISTOL BAY SALMON SEASON: Bristol Bay with a catch of 2.5 millionred salmon during the 1963 season experienced the lowest catch ever recorded for that area, according to a July 1963 report. The previ- ous low was in 1958, when the catch totaled 2.9 million fish. The escapement for the entire Bristol Bay area was estimated at 3.2 million reds for a total run of approximately 5.7 million fish. The run produced 203,700 cases of canned salmon as compared to 926,400 cases in 1961 (the largest pack dur- ing the last 10 years). The salmon fishing industry in Bristol Bay supports practically the entire economy of the villages of Dillingham, Naknek, King Salmon, and others. Approximately 3,500 persons are affected. Alaska's Governor and congressional delegation asked the President to declare Bristol Bay a disaster area. The U.S. Department of the Interior has instruct- ed the Alaska Field Committee to cooperate with the State in exploring means of helping the people of the area. OR OK KK KODIAK FISHERIES: The Kodiak area at the end of July 1963 was about to break production records again. The catch of king crab for the 1962/63 sea- son (July 1-June 30) totaled 36,793,000 pounds as compared with the 1961/62 total of 28,649,000 pounds. The Dungeness crab catch last fiscal year was reported to have totaled 545,800 pounds, about the same as the previous year. The razor clam catch this season was up 100,000 pounds over last year with a total of 424,000 pounds reported. Alaska Exploratory Fishery Program M/V "YAQUINA" BEGINS SHRIMP EXPLORATIONS: The M/V Yaquina is under charter to the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries for the second consecutive year for exploratory fishing in the Gulf of Alaska. Primary em- phasis during the 1963 season is to be on shrimp explorations in the North Central Gulf of Alaska. One cruise started opera- tions in the Montague Island (Prince William Sound) area. Through July 1963, trawling was carried on westward to Nuka Bay (near Seward). Shrimp were not taken in commer- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 15 The 75-foot Yaquina chartered by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries to conduct exploratory fish- ing surveys in Alaskan waters. cial amounts at any of the areas fished. Re- sults of test fishing to that date indicated a widespread dispersal of side-stripe and pink shrimp with neither species evident in dense concentrations at any location sampled. The Seward-based commercial shrimp vessels continued to take large catches (60,000- 100,000 pounds) during short trips to Kodiak Island. The Yaquina was expected to continue working to the westward with port calls sched- uled for Seldovia and Kodiak during August 1963. Alaska Fisheries Investigations NAKNEK RED SALMON SMOLTS HIGHEST ON RECORD: About 14.5 million red salmon smolts left the Naknek River by July 23, 1963, constituting the greatest number since the smolt enumera- tion project started eight years ago, accord- ing to the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries Auke Bay Biological Laboratory. The two-check fish produced from the 1960-brood spawning escapement constituted 64 percent of this year's smolt migration. Only 35 per- cent were one-check fish from the 1961 es- capement. This is the first time that the two- check smolts have been in greater numbers than the one-check fish for the Naknek sys- tem. The Karluk red smolt migration was about 1,540,000 fish, or about the same as for the previous two years. The Ugashik out- migration is estimated to have been 33 mil- lion smolts. The production from the large escapement of 1960 (2.3 million adults) now totals 30 million smolts. bb a ae 16 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW AUKE LAKE ADULT RED SALMON RUN GOOD: The 1963 Auke Lake spawning escapement of red salmon is about 6,400 fish withalmost half of them being females. This large re- turn to such a small lake (100 acres) sup- ports the high but very gross estimate of 90,000 smolts leaving Auke Lake in 1961. These few years of salmon population sta- tistics for Auke Lake are encouraging inso- far as using the system for research. 7K OK OK OK Ok SALT-WATER TEMPERATURES AFFECT PINK SALMON GROWTH: Growth rates of captive juvenile pink salmon in Auke Bay were much different in July 1963 than in July 1962. In 1962, growth declined after early June, corresponding with rising salt-water temperature. In 1963, water temperatures were lower and a high growth rate continued into July. Buffalofish CERTAIN ANTIOXIDANTS LENGTHEN STORAGE LIFE OF FROZEN BUFFALOFISH PRODUCTS: By retarding the development of rancidity, certain antioxidants are more effective in lengthening the cold-storage life of frozen buffalofish products. This finding is based on studies by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Technological Laboratory at Ann Arbor, Mich. The frozen reconstituted prod- uct had been in storage for 27 weeks. Sam- ples containing the antioxidant Tenox 2 had not developed detectable rancidity; those con- taining nordihydroguniretic acid were onthe borderline of acceptability. Control samples were unacceptable after 12 to 13 weeks of storage. The smoked buffalofish rib product had been in storage 13 weeks. Ribs treated with propyl gallate had developed no rancidity, but the development of mold could prove to be a limiting factor. Controls stored at ap- proximately 379 F. became rancid within four weeks. The same products stored at 0° F. developed no rancidity. Pilot investi- gations along those same lines are being planned for frozen catfish. Vol. 25, No. 10 California STATE AGENCIES MOVE TO HALT FISH LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDES: Recommendations for methods of prevent- ing agricultural pesticides from killing fish were distributed in mid-August 1963 by the California State Department of Agriculture and the University of California Extension Service. The action followed a California De- partment of Fish and Game investigation of fish kills in the lower Sacramento Valley. The California Department of Agriculture announcement warned persons using pesti- cides to avoid contamination of water in drains and streams in order to prevent pos- sible injury to fish. The University of California Extension Service released specific instructions for agricultural practices which will reduce the hazard to fish when endrin bait is used to control cutworms. Endrin is one of the pes- ticides which destroyed fish. (California De- partment of Fish and Game, August 17, 1963.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1963 p. 21. GROWTH AND LIFE HISTORY OF DUNGENESS CRAB INVESTIGATED: M/V Nautilus’ Cruise Ses x la, Es lich ary “4=9; March 4-9; April 1- 6; May ce 11): To collect Dungeness or market crabs (Cancer magister) for growth studies and life history observations and to determine time of occur- rence and relative abundance of crab year- classes were the objectives of this series of cruises by the California Department of Fish and Game research vessel Nautilus. The area of operations was in the coastal waters off central California from Bodega Bay to San Francisco. Collections of crabs were made witha modified Gulf shrimp trawl with 14-inch mesh; 5 commercial-type crab traps; and seven 1- inch mesh crab traps. Trawling was done at each station. Tows lasted 20 minutes each and generally covered 0.75 miles. Crabtraps were baited with squid and rockfish andfished overnight. Exploratory trawling was done where traps were not set. Stations were in 4 to 70 fathoms. Several stations were re- visited each month. October 1963 Legend: >e> - Trapping and trawling stations. - - Trawling station. Pacific Ocean Drakes Estero Cruises 63-N-1a, b, c, d, ande (Crab) by research vessel Nautilus, , showing some of the trawl and trap stations. A total of 83 tows and 13 trap sets yielded 3,465 crabs--1,939 from Bodega to Point Reyes and 1,526 from Point Reyes to San Francisco. Shoulder width measurements, taken in front of the 10th anterior-lateral spines, were made for all crabs. The 1961 year- class made up 81 percent (1,224) of the crabs sampled at Bodega and 50 percent (759) at San Francisco. The sex ratio at Bodega a- mong the 1961 year-class was 1:1. At San Francisco, females made up 76 percent of the crabs measuring 86 to 145 millimeters (3.4 to 5.7 inches). Most crabs of the 1961 year-class remained in the 11th and 12th instars, 100 to 145 millimeters (3.9 to 5.7 inches), since September 1962. The 1962 year-class comprised 3 percent of the crabs at Bodega and 28 percent at San Francisco. Crabs 3 years old and older accounted for the rest of the sampling of those areas. The crabs were also examined for hard- ness, for indications that females had car- ried eggs, and for mating marks on males. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 17 The mating marks result from close contact during the premating embrace and occur on the manus, carpus, and merus of the cheliped. The marks are such as might be made by a grinding wheel. Mating activity was noted on the January cruise. A166 millimeter(6.5 inches) male crab clutching a 109 millimeter (4.3 inches) female was takeninthenet. Two males measuring 156 and 179 millimeters (6.1 to 7.0 inches) hadtwo sets of mating marks. One set apparently made during 1962 andthe second set during January 1963, indicated some of the crabs of that size do not molt for at least a year. Leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata) were noted as predators of small crabs. The stomachs of five leopard sharks 3 to 4 feet long were examined and one contained five crabs with a width measurement of 45 to 50 millimeters (1.4 to 1.8 inches). In January and February, 45 percent of the females examined and carrying eggs or showed signs of having carried eggs. Of the egg masses examined in January, 75 percent had partly hatched. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1963 p. 20. Canning CAN-DRAINING DEVICE TO AID SAMPLE INSPECTION: The Inspection and Certification Service of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries has the responsibility for evaluating and pass - ing upon the quality of fresh, frozen, and can- ned fishery products. To determine the a- mount of liquid present when sampling canned fish and shellfish, the inspector must drain the contents of the cans upon a screen and collect the liquid. Since a sample may con- sist of dozens of cans, draining several of them simultaneously would speed the work of sampling. Accordingly, a device to permit simultaneous draining was constructed. It has been used for several months and has been found (1) to speed up the work, (2) to be convenient, and (3) to be easily cleaned. The purpose of this report is to describe its design. The device consists of four main parts-- a draining screen of No. 8 stainless steel U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No, 691 18 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Photo of draining device assembled and ready for use. mesh, a liquid collection tray of stainless steel, a base tray also of stainless steel, and two aluminum supporting brackets of -inch plate. The brackets support the screen and the collection tray above the base tray. The collection and base trays are fitted at the ends with two brass buttons that drop into corresponding slots in the top and the bottom of the supporting brackets. The collection tray is sloped so that liquid flows toward a drain located at one end of the tray. By lifting the liquid collection tray out of the slots in the top of the supporting brackets and removing the brackets from the base tray, the inspector can place all of the parts of the device in the base tray for storage. The dimensions of the draining screenare 63''x 243". When assembled for use, the device is 12" wide, 26" long, and oth high. When it is nested into the base tray, it is fou x 26''x 2". The device as constructed will accommodate six No. 1 tall cans simultane- ously. Dimensions may be altered if a dif- ferent capacity of cans is desired. --Lynne G. McKee, Food Technologist, Technological Laboratory, U, S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Seattle, Wash. Vol. 25, No. 10 Cans--Shipments for Fishery Products, January-June 1963 The amount of steel and aluminum consumed to make cans shipped to fish and shellfish canning plants during Jan- uary-June 1963 was down 4.5 percent from that used during the same period in 1962. The decline was due to smaller shipments to the Western or Pacific Area where the pack of tuna drop- ped sharply in the second quarter of 1963. U.S. Domestic Shipments of Metal Cans for Fishery Products, January-June 1963 and 1962 Base Boxes of Metal Consumed in the Manufacture of Cans of Fishery Products) 1963 1962 1963 | 1962 [1963 | iS au areas 155,814 | 158,531 5 , 21, Boa 13,403 5 5 63 5 ESEELEM 135 eae i 629,376 701,831 883,90 , In January-June 1963, shipments to the Pacific Area accounted for 70.1 percent of total shipments; shipments to the Eastern Area accounted for 25.8 percent; and ship- ments to the Southern Area accounted for most of the remaining 4.1 percent. Most of the fish-canning facilities are located in the Pacific Area. Notes: (1) Statistics cover all commercial and captive plants known to be producing metal cans. A "base box"! is an area 31, 360 square inches, equivalent to 112 sheets 14" x 20" size. The tonnage figures for steel (tinplate) cans are derived by use of the factor 21.8 base boxes per short ton of steel. The use of aluminum cans for packing fishery products is small. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1963 p. 35. = Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations DISTRIBUTION OF SKIPJACK TUNA AND OTHER LARGE FISH OF OPEN SEA: M/V Charles H. Gilbert Cruise 67 (Boundary II) (July 1-August 4, 1963): Tu study the patterns of distribution of skipjack tuna and other large fish of the open sea in relation to water currents and water types October 1963 was the principal objective of this cruise by the research vessel Charles H. Gilbert of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Honolulu. The study area was about 300 miles east of the island of Hawaii and was selected be- cause it includes portions of two important central Pacific water types, California Cur- rent Extension and North Pacific Central waters. The boundary between those waters is believed to influence the distribution of the skipjack tuna (aku) on which Hawaii's largest commercial fishery depends. The vessel fished the study area with modified tuna long-line fishing gear and with live bait (tilapia). The catch of tuna and other species of fish was greater in California Current Ex- tension water than in North Pacific Central water. The effectiveness of modified 6- and 21- hook long-line gear for catching tuna was tested in the immediate vicinity of 150° W. longitude between 14° and 22° N. latitude. Four long-line stations were fished en route to and 12 in the designated study area; an- other station was fished on the return trip. A total of 5 long-line stations were fished off the Kona coast of Hawaii to test the ef- fectiveness of the modified tuna long-line gear. There were 20 baskets of 21-hook gear (2-fathom droppers) with 20-fathom float- lines, and 40 baskets of 6-hook gear (14- fathom droppers), 20 of which had no float- line and 20 with 10-fathom floatlines. There was an excessive amount of tangling (branch on mainline) when hauling the 21-hook gear. The fishermen also experienced some dif- ficulty in setting the 21-hook gear. For the 5 stations off Kona, the 21-hook gear caught 0.23 fish per hundred hooks, while the 6- hook gear caught 0.58 fish per hundred hooks. Fish (Sciaenids and opelu) were used as bait on the 6-hook gear throughout the cruise, while squid and fish were alternately used on the 21-hook gear. The association of skipjack and other fish with the northern boundary of the California Current Extension water was studied. Inthe study area of 150° W. longitude, 12 long-line stations were fished. These were located north and south of, and in the boundary be- tween the California Current Extension water and North Pacific Central water. The bound- ary was identified from surface salinity ob- servations made at about 30-mile intervals. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 19 The tuna catch in that area consisted of 1 albacore and 1 skipjack taken in Zone A (north of boundary); 8 big-eyed tuna, and 2 skipjack taken in Zone B (in the boundary); and 14 big- eyed tuna taken in Zone C (south of boundary). Mahimahi and large blue shark were caught in increasing numbers in going from north to south while the catch of Alepisaurus decreased. Of the 22 big-eyed tuna taken, 10 were caught on the 6-hook, 10-fathom floatline gear, 8 were taken on the 6-hook, 0-fathom floatline gear, and 4 were taken on the 21-hook, 20- fathom floatline gear. Miscellaneous observations during Cruise 67 were as follows: 1. A total of 57 mahimahi (Coryphaena hippurus) were caught by pole-and-line using live bait (tilapia) under a floating log (ZoneC). Twenty fish were sampled for length, weight, and sex. About 90 percent of the stomachs examined were empty (except for tilapia) and the remainder contained varying amounts of squid and flying fish. 2. Twelve surface plankton tows were made in the study area. 3. Five night-light stations were occupied during the cruise. One tuna postlarva was taken by dipnet at a night-light station off the Kona coast. Attempts to keep the larva alive failed. 4, All fish caught on the long-line and trolling gear were measured and their stom- achs preserved. 5. A total of 15 samples of blood were collected from troll- and long-line-caught fish; 12 of those were from big-eyed tuna, 2 from skipjack, and 1 from a blue marlin. 6. A total of 20 bird flocks was sighted; 10 of those were sighted off the Kona coast. One was associated with a yellowfin school, but the species in the remaining schools were not identified. Of the 10 flocks sighted inthe study area, 2 were associated with skipjack, 1 with yellowfin, and 1 with mahimahi. Species in the remaining schools were not identified. 7. A total of 1,000 drift cards was re- leased in the study area and off the leeward coast of Molokai, Lanai, Maui, and Hawaii. 8. One skipjack, 3 mahimahi, and 2 wahoo were taken on the trolling lines. 20 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 9. A canvas raft buoyed with four metal floats was attached to the endof the long-line. The raft was abandoned after being used at six long-line stations because it drifted consider - ably faster than the lines and caused the lines from severalof the baskets at the end to become entangled. The raft didnot increase the catch rate. 10. Two small-mesh gill nets, 12 feet long and 50 feet deep (mesh size 3" and 13") were fished experimentally for the Albacore Ecology Pro- gram. Informationon the setting and retrieving of those nets were relayed to the Chief, Alba- core Ecology Program. Nofish were taken in the nets. Fragments of jellyfish were found enmeshed in the 13'' mesh gill net. 11. The theremograph and barograph were operated continuously whenever the ship was at sea, 12. Two mahimahi were brought back alive in the bait well and were transferred to shore- side-holding facilities. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1963 p. 25 and February 1963 p. 23. Federal Purchases of Fishery Products DEFENSE DEPARTMENT CHANGES PREAWARD INSPECTION PROCEDURES FOR OYSTERS: The Defense Subsistence Supply Center (DSSC), Department of Defense, has issued a notice to the trade dated July 31, 1963, an- nouncing a change in preaward inspection procedures for oysters. Effective immediately, authority will not be granted for preaward inspection of oysters during the period June 1 through September 30, 1963, and until rescinded, during the same period in future years. Preaward stocks packed prior to June 1 will be acceptable for delivery on DSSC con- tracts June 1 through September 30, 1963, and for that same period in future years. In addition, fresh-caught oysters will be ac- ceptable during that period, with Veterinary Corps inspection performed after date of award, provided that laboratory analysis in- dicated that the Coliform Index does not ex- ceed "most probable number (MPN) of 160,000 per milliliter." oe KOK ok ok Vol. 25, No. 10 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DOES NOT BUY CANADIAN FOODS UNDER BUY AMERICAN ACT EXEMPTION AUTHORITY: Recently there have been fishing industry inquiries re- garding the relationship of Clause 14 (Buy American Act) on Standard Form 32 to purchases of food items of Cana- dian origin, A letter from the General Services Administra- tion to the U. S, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries received in August 1963 explains as follows: ‘‘Clause 14 on Standard Form 32 is designed, as you know, to implement the Buy American Act and Executive Order No. 10582, and is applicable to all executive agencies. The clause, as it currently appears on Standard Form 32, does not contain any reference to Canada, ‘“‘The Buy American Act confers authority directly on each agency to carry out the requirements of the Act. How- ever, the Act also provides that purchases are exempt from the requirements of the Act where an agency head deter- mines that the making of such purchases in accordance with the Act’s requirements would be inconsistent with the public interest, “‘The Department of Defense (DOD) and the National Aer- onautics and Space Administration (NASA) have exercised their exemption authority under the Act with respect to prod- ucts of Canadian origin and, with certain exceptions, have ex- empted such products from the requirements of the Act, On the basis of these actions, DOD and NASA have supplement- ed the standard Buy American Act clause on Standard Form 32 by adding the words ‘or Canada’ to paragraph (a)(iii) of the clause following the words ‘United States.’ However, the Gen- eral Services Administration and, to our knowledge, other ex- ecutive agencies have not found it appropriate to make simi- lar determinations, “‘Although the Department of Defense has exempted most Canadian products, it has not extended the exemption to in- clude food items, When food items are purchased by DOD, the language ‘or Canada’ is not included in the clause, On the other hand, while the National Aeronautics and Space Ad ministration includes ‘or Canada’ in the clause when mak- ing purchases of food items, we understand that NASA’s purchases of food items are very small, ‘In the final analysis, with the exception of NASA, pur- chases of food items of Canadian origin by DOD, the Gen- eral Services Administration, and other executive agencies, are not being exempted from the requirements of the Buy American Act and Executive Order No, 10582 and are being effected pursuant to the Buy American Act clause set forth in the September 1961 edition of Standard Form 32,”’ Fishermen INTERIOR DEPARTMENT URGES RESTORATION OF PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE BENEFITS TO SELF-EMPLOYED COMMERCIAL FISHERMEN: The Department of the Interior in August 1963 recom- mended amendments to H.R, 3873 now before Congress which would permit certain owners of commercial fish- ing vessels to receive medical care and hospitalization without charge at hospitals of the Public Health Service. The Department has submitted a draft bill to Congress aimed at restoring to self-employed seamen on fishing vessels the medical benefits they enjoyed prior to 1954, Prior to 1954, self-employed fishermen were eligible for medical care in hospitals, out-patient clinics, and other medical facilities of the Public Health Service, but an administrative ruling by that agency in that year held October 1963 in effect that the term ‘‘employed’’ referred to services rendered in an employe status under a contract of hire. Subsequently, the regulations were changed to exclude the owner or joint owners of a vessel or the spouse there- of from receiving such medical benefits. Interior’s Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife Frank P, Briggs informed Congress that the Department’s draft bill would clearly provide that ‘‘seamen’’ include owners or joint owners of vessels and would include ‘‘self-employed’’ seamen among those eligible to receive medical benefits. ‘«Thus, the principal effect of our proposal . .is to restore to all self-employed seamen the medical benefits enjoyed prior to 1954,’’ Briggs wrote in a letter to Congress, Briggs said that while the Department agrees ‘‘with the objectives of H.R, 3873, we believe that these can best be accomplished through our draft bill. Accordingly, we recommend enactment of H.R. 3873 in the form of our suggested draft bill.’’ H.R. 3873 would expand the authority of the Public Health Service Act to include commercial fishing vessel owners who accompany their vessels on fishing opera- tions and substantially perform services comparable to seamen employed on such vessels or on vessels engaged in similar operations. “We believe that the provisions of this bill (H.R. 3873) are too restrictive,’’ Briggs wrote. ‘‘The bill would limit the benefits of the act to commercial fishermen alone and not include other self-employed persons who may be engaged on board a vessel in the care, preservation or navigation thereof, Further, it would require a finding that the self-employed person is engaged substantially in the care, preservation or navigation of a vessel be- fore receiving the benefits of the act. We believe sucha test would be difficult to meet in every instance and even more difficult to administer.’’ Briggs pointed out that generally owner-fishermen perform the same duties and engage in the same activities as do employe fishermen under a contract of hire. They face the same dangers and are subject to the same injuries and sicknesses as employe fishermen, Frequently, he continued, adequate community hospital facilities are not available to them because of the tran- sient nature of their work which takes them away from their home community health and welfare facilities, ‘‘The legislative history of the hospital and medical care program for seamen suggests that the participation of the Federal Government in providing medical care to seamen rests primarily on a national interest in assuring an effective labor force which is necessary for an adequate merchant marine, Self-employed fishermen also add to this maritime labor force, since they have developed maritime skills necessary to all good seamen,’’ Briggs said, Fish Protein Concentrate CONTRACT PROPOSAL FOR FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE RESEARCH IN INDIA: Studies on Nutritive Values of Fish Pro- tein Concentrates," is the title of a contract proposal under Public Law 480. It was re- ceived in June 1963 from the India Council COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 21 of Medical Research. The research is to be done by an Indian scientist at the Nutrition Research Laboratory in Hyberdad, India. The work is to consist of animal and hu- man feeding studies using fish protein con- centrates manufactured by several different processes. The contract is to run for two years and the cost will about $49,000. Contracts of this type are considered val- uable from a research standpoint as data on fish protein concentrates is gathered from areas where there is a developing potential for a dietary protein supplement. The contract proposal was the result of a visit to India by a technologist of the U.S. Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries Technological Laboratory, Seattle, Wash. LRT Great Lakes Fishery Investigations DEPTH DISTRIBUTION STUDIES OF CHUBS AND ASSOCIATED SPECIES IN LAKE MICHIGAN: M/V “Cisco” Cruise 7(August 13-27, 1963): The depth distribution of larval and adult chubs and associated fish species was studied during this cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries research vessel Cisco. The area investigated was in the Grand Haven- Saugatuck region of Lake Michigan. Half-meter and meter plankton nets were towed at various levels from the surface to near bottom over 13 different bottom depths ranging from 3 to 50 fathoms. All larvae col- lected in those nets were alewives, except for three coregonids (chubs). Alewife larvae were caught in nearly all tows over bottom depths less than 40 fathoms, and in some tows out to 50 fathoms. They were most numerous in areas with bottom depths of 10 fathoms or less. In deeper water, most of the alewife larval were found in the upper levels. Core- gonid larvae which were numerous in June, probably had grown large enough to escape the nets. Five-foot and 9-foot square tow nets were fished at night at various levels over bottom depths of 10, 15, 25, and 40 fathoms. Bothof those nets caught a few adult alewives, smelt, "bloater'' chubs (Coregonus hoyi), and ninespine sticklebacks. None of the "bloater" chubs was 22 of the small size (1 to 7 inches) which was hoped might be taken with the nets. The 9- foot net also caught up to 30 alewife larvae per half-hour tow, but the 5-foot net caught very few of them. Standard bottom trawl tows (10 minutes with a 3-size North Atlantic whiting trawl) were made at 8 depths from 3 to 17 fathoms, and at 5-fathom intervals from 20 to 50 fath- oms. From 2 to 6 tows were made at each depth sampled in the 3- to 17-fathom range (a total of 27 tows); single tows were made at 20 fathoms and deeper. Tows at 17 fath- oms and deeper produced the usual summer catches for the area--mostly chubs (prac- tically all ''bloater'' chubs), fair numbers of slimy sculpin, a few alewives, and, at 45 and 50 fathoms, rather large numbers of deep- water sculpin. The composition of catches at 15 fathoms and shallower changed during the cruise, probably because of pronounced changes in water temperature. Early in the cruise, with shallow-water temperatures mostly around 48° to 50° F., "bloater'' chubs were fairly numerous in depths as shallow as 7 fathoms, and were present at 5 fathoms; yellow perch were commonindepths as shallowas 5 fathoms, most abundant at 10 fathoms, and rare at15fathoms. Nearthe end ofthe cruise, after bottom temperatures at 10 fathoms and shal- lower had risen10°to15° F., "'bloater"' chubs and yellow perch were uncommon inside of 12 fathoms and 10 fathoms, respectively. Yellow perch were most numerous at 12 fathoms and commonati15fathoms. Smelt, spottail shiners, and trout-perch also moved into deeper waters as the inshore water warmed. The Bureau's Branch of Exploratory Fish- ing used the M/V Cisco during cruise 5 (July 2-16), and the vessel was under contract to the University of Wisconsin during cruise 6 (July 23-August 8). No reports on those cruises were issued by the Bureau's Biolog- ical Laboratory at Ann Arbor, Mich. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1963 p. 27. 2K Ok OK ok OK LAKE TROUT DISTRIBUTION STUDIES CONTINUED: M/V "Siscowet™ Cruise 5 (July 29-August 6, 1963): To com compare the relative abundance of juvenile lake trout with previous years! catches at Isle Royale in Lake Superior, and to collect various forms of chubs from the north shore of Lake Superior for morpholog- ical and electrophoretic studies were the objectives of this cruise by the U.S. Bureau COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 10 of Commercial Fisheries research vessel Siscowet. Studies during cruise 5 were at Isle Royale, Mich., and Thunder Bay, Black Bay, and Nipigon Bay, Ontario. Small-mesh (24-33 inches) gill nets were fished north of Thompson Island, southeast of Menagerie Island, and south of Mott Island off Isle Royale. Juvenile lake trout appeared to be about as abundant as in 1958-61. A spe- cial set was made about 2 miles southeast of Mott Island, to collect biological data from a group of slow-growing lake trout which mature at lengths of 14-18 inches and spawn in mid- September, nearly a full month before the lean-trout spawning season. Blood samples for electrophoretic studies were collected from the various forms of lake trout taken at Isle Royale. Other species caught in the gill nets dur- ing this cruise included "'bloater"' abs ee gonus hoyi) and two other species of chub (C. zenithicus and C. kiyi). One 15-minute trawl tow in Siskiwit Bay yielded 175 pygmy whitefish and smaller num- bers of sculpin, smelt, and yearling chubs. A small gang of gill nets (2 nets each of 24+- and 23-inch mesh) set at 20 fathoms be- tween Pie and Welcome Islands in Thunder Bay caught 119 smelt, 1 lake trout, and 55 chubs. Most of the chubs were preserved for later study. The chub species Coregonus reighardi dymondi was believed represented in the chub collection from that area. The work in Black Bay, included the fishing gill nets (2 nets each of 2+- and 23-inch mesh at 13-23 fathoms north of Irno Island, west of George Point, and west of Copper Point. Only small numbers of smelt, lake herring, and chubs were taken. The best catches of lake herring and chubs were made in the southern end of the Bay where the water was less tur- bid than in the more northerly locations. Two trawl tows at 15 fathoms between George Point and Copper Point yielded 150 smelt, 1 lake herring, and 1 yellow pike. Roughbottom prevented trawling in other areas. Gill nets (mesh sizes, 24-43 inches) were set in the Nipigon Bay region north of Anguros Island, north of Salter Island, Moffat Strait, and southwest of Simpson Island. The species and number of fish caught in each area are shown in the table on page 23. October 1963 Species Caught = Area, M/V Siscowet Cruise 5 Eighteen of the 23 lake trout caught were fin-clipped. Those hatchery-reared fish had been planted in the Rossport-St. Ignace Is- lands region in 1959-63. The physical char- acteristics of many of the chubs differed from those commonly taken on the south shore of Lake Superior. Many of the chubs were preserved for further study. Two trawl tows at 27 fathoms, 3 miles north of Moffat Strait in Nipigon Bay, yielded 47 -hubs, 123 smelt, 2 lake trout, and 4scul- pin. The lake trout caught in that area had been planted in the Rossport area in the spring of 1963. Typical surface water temperatures at the various locations were: Isle Royale, 52° F.; Thunder Bay, 62° F.; Black Bay, 650 F.; Nipigon Bay, 61° F.; ‘and Moffat Strait, 60° F. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1963 p. 28. OK OK OK OK SEA LAMPREY CONTROL BY CHEMICAL TREATMENT ENCOURAGING: ‘The sea lamprey at assessment barriers in wake Superior at the end of May 1963 con- tinued to show encouraging results from chemical treatments. The trend at that point near the end of the season, although 19 per- cent greater than the previous year's count, was 85 percent less than in 1961. The take of spawning-run sea lamprey was 9,952 com- pared with 8,369 in 1962 and 64,663 in 1961. The lamprey count at three "index" rivers in Lake Michigan was 7,425 as compared with 8,067 in 1962 and 12,886 in 1961. Com- parison of lamprey catches with previous years in the three streams was nullified by the treatment of one of the streams during mid-May. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1963 p. 38. Sy COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 23 Gulf Fishery Investigations SHRIMP DISTRIBUTION STUDIES: M/V “Gus II” Cruise GUS-8 (August 16- 31, 1963): The best brown shrimp catches were made in the 10-20 fathom depth range in 5 areas out of the 10 statistical areas worked during this cruise. The predominant size of brown shrimp caught was 15-20 (heads- off) count; white shrimp catches were re- latively small, and sizes of these were vari- able from 15-20 count to very small shrimp counting over 68 to the pound. Excellent fishing weather prevailed during this cruise by the chartered research vessel Gus III, operated by the U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory at Galveston, Texas. One 3-hour tow with a45- foot shrimp trawl was made in each of the 3 depth ranges in all areas. Shows the station pattern for the shrimp distribution studies in the Gulf of Mexico during Cruise 8 of GUS-III. Shrimp catches were especially good in areas 16 and 18, each yielding about 125 pounds of mostly all brown shrimp principally from 10-20 fathoms, but with better than mod- erate catches from the other depth ranges. The catch from area 10 totaled 91 pounds of 15-20 count shrimp, all of it from 2 depth ranges--up to 10 fathoms and 10-20 fathoms. In addition to brown shrimp, those depths also yielded 25 pounds of white and pink shrimp. The 3-hour tow made in the over 20-fathom range of that area was unproductive. A total of 82 pounds was taken from area 20. All was brown shrimp except for 3 pounds of 15-20 count white shrimp from depths up to 10 fathoms. About 75 percent of the total catch in that area was in the 10-20 fathom depth range (60 pounds 21-25 count). 24 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW The only productive depth range in area 19 was 10-20 fathoms where 63 pounds of 21-25 count brown shrimp was caught. Of the other 5 areas worked, area 17 yielded 44 pounds of large brown shrimp counting 12-15 to the pound caught in depths of 10 to over 20 fathoms, and 8 pounds of 21-25 count white shrimp from up to 10 fath- oms. Shrimp catches in the remaining areas ranged from a low of only 3 pounds up to 30 pounds. Notes: (1) Shrimp catches are heads-on weight; shrimp sizes are the number of heads-off shrimp per pound. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, Sept. 1963 p. 29. Hawaii SKIPJACK TUNA LANDINGS, JANUARY-JULY 1963: kipjack tuna landings in Hawaii in July 1963 were about 1.6 million pounds, 300,000 pounds below the 1948-62 average for the month. The cumulative total catch for Jan- uary-July 1963 was 4.4 million pounds, al- most 1.7 million pounds below the 1948-62 average for the same period. During July there were 147 productive trips, giving an average of 7,352 pounds per trip. Individual catches ranged from 85 pounds to 50,050 pounce Industrial Fishery Products STUDIES BEGUN ON PRODUCTION OF ANIMAL FEEDS FROM UNDERUTILIZED FRESH-WATER FISH: Laboratory-scale studies on the produc- tion of fish and animal feeds from underuti- lized rice-fish farm species such as buffalo- fish, carp, and gizzard shad, were begun in August 1963 by the U.S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries Technological Laboratory, Ann Arbor, Mich. contain the thiaminase (anti-vitamin B1) factor, which is the subject of a study now in progress at the Laboratory. The thia- minase factor has caused considerable prob- lems inthe use of those coarse species in feeding work. Close coordination of the two studies will be maintained and will be aided by the procedure for quantitatively deter- Those coarse fish species Vol. 25, No. 10 mining thiaminase activity recently developed by the Bureau's laboratory staff. OK OK KK U.S. FISH MEAL, OIL, AND SOLUBLES: Major Indicators for U.S. Supply, July 1963: United States production of fish meal in July 1963 was lower by 23.3 percent as compared with July 1962. Fish oil and fish solubles production also decreased by 38.3 percent and 14.0 percent, respectively. Major Indicators for U.S. Supply of Fish Meal, Solubles, and Oil, July 1963 Production 1/: Ree eee January-June". . | 90,158 114,375/109,140] 90,939] 91,473] 2 288,336|289,039/257,969 Hyoe;ssT 396 Jan.~Dec., final tot. Seale 10,000] 311,265/290,137 Imports: September ..... August........ 13,698] 13,941 28, ass 18, oz 181,934 td oe a a 701421 i52,a01]217-e88[121,961|129,855 Fish Solubles: Production 3/: September...... 12,009] 11,415] 12,367| 25,651 37,953] 39,291] 63,315 120,886/109,018/106,361/176,913 124,334/112,241] 98,929 uae OO 178 263 August. _ 422 Jul sal 306 Teta January-June. January Decembe Fish Oils: Production: September ... August... January~June ... Jan.-Dec. prelim, totals 4/. Jan.-Dec, final tot. Exports: September ..... | 97, 306 63,005 5 128] 52,838) 49,358 De 123,050]122,486/143,659]144,481 1/Does not include crab meat, maar and misc. meals. 2/Preliminary data computed from monthly data. Fish meal production reported current- prised 90 percent for 1959, 89 percent for 1960, 93 percent for 1961 and 1962. 3/Includes Tmogenbed fish. 4/Preliminary data computed from monthly data. Represents over 95 percent of the total roduction. 5 /Beginning with March 1963 fish oil is shown in pounds instead of gallons. Conversion factor, 7.75 pounds equal 1 gallon. Note: Data for 1963 are preliminary. October 1963 Production by Areas, August 1963: Pre- liminary data on U.S. production of fish meal, oil, and solubles for August 1963 as collected by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and submitted to the International Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers are shown in the table. U.S. Production!/ of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles, August 1963 (Preliminary) with Comparisons Meal Oil Solubles enized3/ Ss Short Tons August 1963: East & Gulf Goasttetenel West Coast2/ . 174,009 | 131,032 71,799 7, 134 Jan. -Aug. 1962 Motalemereente: COZ 275.04 b72,, 990 81,014 8,065 1/Does not include crab meal, shrimp meal, and liver oils. 2/Includes Hawaii, American Samoa, and Puerto Rico. 3/Includes condensed fish. Note: Beginning with March 1963 fish oil is shown in pounds in- stead of gallons. Conversion factor, 7.75 pounds equal 1 gallon Jan.-Aug. 1963 otalWee este He kok te ok Cc ~ Production, July 1963: During July 1963, 37,950 tons of fish meal and 29.4 million pounds of oil were produced in the United States. Compared with July 1962, this was a decrease of 17,652 tons or 317 percent in mealand scrap production, anda decrease of approximately 18.3 million pounds or 38.4 percent in oil. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 25 Menhaden meal showed a decrease of 16,925 tons or 35,1 percent, while menhaden oil (25,3 million pounds) was 42,3 percent less than in July 1962, A total of 14,828 tons of fish solubles was manufactured in July 1963--a decrease of 29.4 percent compared with the same month in 1962, Production of homogenized condensed fish amounted to 2,531 tons--an increase of 1,331 tons or 110.9 percent, The quantity of fish meal processed during the first 7 months of 1963 amounted to 128,293 tons--49,145 tons less than in the same period of the previous year, Fish solubles and homogenized fish production totaled 56,505 tons--a de- crease of 17,180 tons, Production of marine-animal oil a- mounted to 99.7 million pounds--a decrease of 43,6 million pounds, Sie) ok ole? ok) ok U.S. FISH MEAL AND SOLUBLES: Production and Imports, January-July 1963: Based on do- mestic production and imports, the United States available supply of fish meal for January-July 1963 amounted to 353,450 short tons--9,269 tons (or 2.7 percent) more than during the same period in 1962, Domestic production was 128,293 tons (or 27.7 percent) less, but imports were 58,414 tons (or 35,0 percent) higher than in the same period in 1962. Peru continued to lead other countries with shipments of 167,542 tons, The United States supply of fish solubles (including ho- mogenized fish) during January-July 1963 amounted to 59,274 tons--a decrease of 19,007 tons as compared with the same period in 1962, Domestic production and imports dropped 23.3 percent and 39.8 percent, respectively. U. S, Supply of Fish Meal and Solubles, January-July 1963 with Comparisons Fish Meal and Scrap: Domestic production: Menhaden\weisielels « Tuna and mackerel, HIONUIN Gee deveeotedeiehe OTHE RAMs eile let evteveliells 99,806 11,651 2,726 14,110 Total production . 128,293 Imports: Ganadayusverens iene! 30,752 167,542 19,088 4,826 2,949 te: Beginning with February 1963, {ish oil \s shown in pounds instead of gallons, Conversion factor, 7.75 pounds equal 1 gallon. Table 1 - U. S, Production of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles, July 1963 1/with Comparisons PCTU Gene eheveseceiteliens L 5 (a July Jan.-July Total Chilewaersneaeaeucver sis Product i i 1/1963 1962 | 1/1963 1962 1962 So, Africa Republic Other countries... Gono coon (Short Tons) 60% f0{.. 0.5 Fish Meal and Scrap: 4 ipitlerringreriisteicts\ cbse oslce nce 2,111 1,555| 2,726] 2,696 | _ 5,095 Total imports. ... ++ Menhaden 2/.... 31,278| 48,203) 99,806] 137,975 | 238,680] Sardine, Pacific... 2 2 9 64 70: A i j Tuna and mackerel 1,282] 2,148] 11,651] 17,116 | 26,559 vailable fish meal supply . Unclassified ..... -|_3.279| 3,696] 14,101] 19,003 27,297 = lif Motalforetohekereicreletarelotsverensetessiere 37,950| 55,602| 128,293] 177,438 | 298,333 ish Solubles: : Domestic production 2/, Shellfish, marine-animal meal and scrap . 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 12,899 = Grand total meal and scrap....... 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 311,232 Imports: Fish solubles: Canadas ci seyer os Menhaden . . 18,234 39,924] 48,509 84,885) Icelandiva. cvscse Other .. 2,77 0,20 156 28,353 . = 2 03. [oma O2208/ ELTA se Other countries , Total 14,828| 21,007|- 50,133] 65,665 | 113,238 Homogenized condensed fish ...... 4+ 2,531] 1,200[ 6,372] 8,020 11,096 Total imports, a elee eee e ee (1,000 Pounds)..........% Oil, body; Henring SR ROTHOG aoa Bao ODIO 2,064 1,717 2,426 2,602 5,255 1/Preliminary. Menhaden 271% (ccc. 0101+ cvole vyere ares 25,316 | 43,902] 89,917] 132,192 | 237,815] 3 /50- : ‘i i i SardinedPacinicnsees : = i 9 ta eT 2/SO-percent solids. Includes production of homogenized condensed fish. Tuna and mackerel 379 531 2,043] 2,703 5,175| Other (including whale) 1,625| 1,540 5,302 | 5,649 7,396 Totalloiltrsretavevareveretererstts levels 29,384 | 47,690| 99,688 | 143,294 | 255,808 )17Preliminary data. 2/lncludes a smail quantity of thread herring. j/Not available on a monthl) 26 Irradiation Preservation ANOTHER IRRADIATED FISHERY PRODUCTS MARKET RESEARCH STUDY: A market research study on the future orderly marketing of irradiated fishery prod- ucts is to be made by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries for the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). The study stems from AEC's interest in low-dose radiation food preservation development and a determina- tion of the conditions under which radiation- processed fishery products should be mar- keted in order to provide the greatest over- all benefits to the fishing industry--from producer-processor-distributor to the con- sumer. The new project with AEC, for which an agreement has already been prepared, will consist of a two-phased market research program. The objective of the first phase will be to elaborate further on a 1960 mar- keting feasibility study, and it is expected that the results of this phase will enable the Bureau to compare present losses involved in marketing fresh fishery products with the potentially fewer losses accruing from the advantages of the radiation-pasteurization process. In addition, this phase of the study should also help in an evaluation of the im- pact of radiation pasteurization on market supplies, methods of marketing, and struc- ture of markets for certain fishery products. The second phase of the program involves a pilot study of attitudes and reactions of potential consumers of irradiated fishery products. The results will enable the Bureau to determine the procedures and methods of presentation required for an effective con- sumer education program which will con- dition the public to radiation pasteurization of fishery products as a coming thing, anda forward step in food technology. In 1960, the Bureau's marketing special- ists completed a project for AEC called "Marketing Feasibility Study of Radiation Processed Fishery Products," which was quite successful, and provided much new and valuable information that contributed greatly to the advancement of the radiation-process- ed foods program. The Bureau's marketing specialists at that time discussed the feasi- bility of marketing fishery products withfish producers, processors, and distributors, along with retail food groups and consumer specialists such as newspaper food editors COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 10 and extension people. A comprehensive ana- lytical report giving the results of the study was Submitted to AEC in November 1960. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, December 1960 p. 37. %K OK Ok OK OK RESEARCH ON FISHERY PRODUCTS SUPPORTED BY ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION: Fishery products continue to play an im- portant role in the Atomic Energy Commis- sion's (AEC) program on radiation and pas- teurization of foods. Technological labora- tories of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries at Gloucester (Mass.), Seattle (Wash.), and Ann Arbor (Mich.), are already conduct- ing investigations on the application of radia- tion to fish and seafoods. But AEC's support of studies on fishery products is not, however, limited to work in the laboratories mentioned. It also includes the new Marine Products De- velopment Irradiator facility at Gloucester which is located adjacent to the Bureau's technological laboratory there. The fishery products irradiator is being built to demon- strate the feasibility of extending the refrig- erated storage life of fresh fishery products as a part of the AEC radiation-pasteurized 1) food program. AEC also has awarded a con- tract to a New York Engineering firm forthe conceptual design of a shipboard irradiator, and is sponsoring research on seafoods at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Uni- versity of Washington, and Louisiana State University. Some of the more significant research findings obtained by midyear of 1963 on the application of radiation to fishery products indicate that (1) the edible shelf life of had- dock, ocean perch, clams, shrimp, king crab, and flounder can be extended to at least 30 days when irradiated to levels from 100,000 to 450,000 rads and stored at 33° F., (2) the amino acids and B vitamins of fishery prod- ucts are not adversely affected by irradiation, (3) some strains of bacteria may be more resistant to irradiation than others and, (4) it may be possible to use gas chromatographic techniques to measure development of off- odors or flavors in long-stored irradiated seafoods. In addition to the above research program, the AEC is conducting toxicological and microbiological studies that will provide data for Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of radiation pasteurization. Developmental work on the commercial acceptability or irradiated fishery products October 1963 is planned to begin on completion of the Ma- rine Products Development Irradiator in the fall of 1964. Its completion will be marked by an International Conference on Irradia- tion to be held at Boston and Gloucester, Mass. That facility will process 1,000 pounds of fish per hour at a level of 500,000 rads and will provide those fishery products to industry and consumer groups for large- scale evaluation. It is anticipated that FDA approval of low-level radiation may be re- alized in a few years, and that industry will then start to gradually promote and market irradiated fishery products. At the same time, the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries will continue with more fundamental studies on irradiation designed to open up the use of this process to other fish species, and to establish methods of irradiating fish aboard vessels and re-irradiating them ashore for commercial distribution to inland areas. Rad - The quantity of ionizing radiation which results in the ab- sorption of 100 ergs per gram of irradiated material at the point of interest. Erg - Unit of energy. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Sept. 1963 p. 33. Michigan PINK (HUMPBACK) SALMON EXPECTED TO REAPPEAR IN LAKE SUPERIOR STREAMS: Sport fishermen in the State of Michigan may unexpectedly come up with pink salmon in their creels during this fall's extended trout season in Lake Superior streams. Michigan's Department of Conservationis cooperating with other State and Federal agencies to collect information on runs of pink (humpback) salmon which were expected to follow their odd-year cycle of spawning runs in tributaries of Lake Superior this September and October. With the help of sport fishermen, who are urged to report any pink salmon caught, the agencies hope to learn whether this salt-water species has adapted itself to a new home in Lake Super- ior. In recent years, there have been grow- ing signs that pink salmon are reproducing and extending their range in those waters. A 13-inch "humpback"' was caught at the mouth of the Falls River in Keweenaw Bay this past May--the first reported catch of a pink salmon from State of Michigan waters. Since 1959, nine other known catches of pink salmon have been made in Lake Superior streams in Minnesota and Ontario. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 27 The origin of pink salmon in Lake Superior is linked to an accidental release in 1956 of young salmon froma hatchery at Port Arthur, Ont., Canada. Catch records indicate that the second generation of the escaped fish spawned successfully in 1961. Pink salmon mature and spawn in their second year, and then die. As a result, spawning runs occur only every other year. The third generation of the accidentally-released salmon should complete its two-year life cycle by spawning in Lake Superior's tributary stree ms. The male pink salmon can best be identified by its prominent hump located just forward of the top or dorsal fin. This hump is less obvious in the female which might pass for an odd brown trout because of its color pat- tern. The tail of the male and female is usu- ally marked with large rectangular black spots which measure up to one-half inch long. (De- partment of Conservation Official News Bul- letin, August 22, 1963.) rat Mussels DECLINING HARVEST FROM TENNESSEE RIVER INVESTIGATED: A full-scale investigation of the declining mussel harvest from the Tennessee River was started in mid-1963 by the Fish and Wild- life Branch of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) in cooperation with other State and Federal agencies. The $80,000 study is aimed at preserving a small but colorful industry which provides employment for about 1,000 men. In 1962, the Tennessee River mussel harvest amounted to only 4,700 tons, down sharply from the average annual harvest of 10,000 tons between 1945-1955. Since 1955, nearly all of the mussel shells have been shipped to Japan's cultured pearl industry, where a fragment of mussel shell inserted into an oyster forms the base ofeach pearl produced. The Japanese have found no satisfactory substitute for the Tennessee River mussel. Even the same species from the nearby Cumberland River are considered inferior. As a result, diggers have been paid as much as $180 a ton for Tennessee River shells. There is considerable evidence that the harvest has been far greater than natural re- production could replace. Pollution and dis- 28 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW ease also have been suspected. But more exact information is needed to guide an ef- fective improvement program. The current study was designed to learn the size and character of the Tennessee River mussel population, the number of spe- cies, age distribution, and what sort of bot- tom conditions they prefer. An attempt will be made to chart the life histories of the two most valuable musselspecies. The young lar- vae, of microscopic size, undergo a metamor- phic stage while attached as parasites tofish, then grow to useful size in about 10 years. Each mussel species has a particular kind of host fish, and the host fish for the most val- uable species of mussel are still unknown. The U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries has agreed to examine Tennessee River mus- sels for evidence of disease or pollution damage, and for the condition of their re- productive organs. A water quality survey on Hales Bar and Guntersville reservoirs by the TVA Health and Safety Division, and data from four U.S. Public Health Service monitoring stations on the river, should in- dicate whether any fault in water quality is hampering mussel reproduction and growth. Other organizations cooperating in the study are the Alabama Conservation Depart- ment, Kentucky Wildlife Resources Depart- ment, Tennessee Game and Fish Commission, and Tennessee Shell Company. If the problem is simply overharvesting, then State regulation may be the only action needed, but if something has gone wrong with the mussel habitat the solution may be much more complicated. (Tennessee Valley Au- thority, Weekly News Letter, July 10, 1963.) National Aquarium § SCIENTIFIC STUDY TEAM OUTLINES PLANS FOR NATIONAL FISHERIES CENTER AND AQUARIUM: Age-old puzzles of why fish leap for a man-made lure one day and ignore it the next, how pollutants kill certain fish and permit others to survive, and how the temperature, salinity, and other conditions affect fish growth will be in- cluded in a wide range of scientific studies at the National Fisheries Center and Aquarium in Washington, D, C. Such is the concept being developed by a group of leading marine scientists and aquarium experts who have made their first recommendations to Secretary of the Interior on features that should be included in an educational-scientific Vol. 25, No. 10 complex which will rank as the foremost laboratory of its type in the world. The eye-appealing surroundings will bring millions of visitors yearly to wonder at aquatic life. The study group said the center as well as its equipment should feature the theme, ‘‘The Living World of Water,’’ and that it should be designed to fill effectively a dual role of sat- isfying the general public demand while simultaneously en- couraging educational and scientific advancement, Members were enthusiastic about prospects for success of the project that is planned to repay the Federal Treasury its entire construction and maintenance cost over a 30-year period, They said aquariums throughout the world are en- joying increased popularity and agreed with the forecast that the new center in Washington should attract at least 3 million visitors a year, Against a scientific background, the study group said, will be a series of carefully planned exhibits based on ‘‘The Liv- ing World of Water’’ theme and bringing to visitors a closeup view of hundreds upon hundreds of live specimens in near- natural surroundings. One such display, for example, would trace aquatic life in the Nation’s largest river system, the Mississippi- Missouri from its birth in Yellowstone Park to full growth as it reaches the Gulf of Mexico, Planners said visitors will be treated to a seemingly end- less series of live displays featuring the antics of otters, por- poise, and sea lions; the horror of sharks, octopus, and great alligators; the charm and beauty of tropical fish; the great size of groupers and turtles; and the strangeness of lungfish, electric eels, four-eyed fish, and blind fish. One avenue of tanks will emphasize salt-water life, another fresh-water specimens, Pointing out that Washington is the center of medical knowledge in the United States, the advisory group said studies at the national aquarium can be coordinated ideally with those at public health research facilities, including lab- oratories engaged in cancer research, Many other fishery-based research projects are envi- sioned for the center, Typical ones would include the effect of water salinity and temperature on fish, the ability of cer- tain fish to withstand pesticides and other harmful chemicals, the reaction of various fish to sudden changes in surround- ings, types of food that promote growth and stamina, develop- ment of superior strains of commonly known sport and com- mercial fish, and more effective ways for tagging aquatic life to trace migrations and survival rates. A center dedicated to ‘‘The Living World of Water,’’ said the study team, ‘‘can be a unique institution that will provide opportunities for research that cannot be undertaken else- where; it will serve as a national and international center for research in marine and fresh-water biology."’ The center is to be at Hains Point in East Potomac Park in Washington, It will be bounded by waters of the Potomac River on one side and the Washington Channel on the other. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1963 p. 45. North Atlantic Fisheries Exploration and Gear Research OCEAN PERCH CONTINENTAL SLOPE EXPLORATIONS: M/V “Delaware” Cruise 63-6 (July 9-20, July 29-August 9): Extending Continental Slope explorations for ocean perch off the New England coast was the principal purpose October 1963 of this cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel Delaware. The area fished extended the slope explorations to a point south of the eastern- most portion of Banquero; dragging was dis - continued just prior to reaching the ''Stone Fence" area. Legend: © - Exploratory tow. © - Meth site = silled fish. Test-fishing area. (2OT NN mn 5 SMiddle’. oe Cm Ground BANauEREAU Ve aac oe o Emerald Bk. SABLE as, Area of operations during M/V Delaware Cruise 63-6, The best catch-rate achieved during the cruise was 3,186 pounds of ocean perch ina 45-minute drag. The depths fished during this drag were from 215 to 245 fathoms. The position where the catch occurred was about 54 miles southeast (magnetic course) from East Point on Sable Island. (Loran positions for the drag were: Hook-up 1H1-2640, 1H2-3284; Knock-out 1H1-2642, 1H2-3272.) Fish in the catch were of excellent condition; no spots or "'buttons'’ were observed. The average length of the fish were approximate- ly 13 inches; the average weight was slightly under 13 pounds. The catch was very clean. A total of 71 drags was made during the cruise. Of that number, 35 were 45-minute exploratory drags. An additional 10 drags were made for one hour and 6 others were made for longer than an hour in order to ascertain the size of the school of fish pre- sent. The remaining 20 drags comprised: 9 drags made to study mesh size and gilled fish ratios, 8 exploratory drags of durations other than those listed above, and 3 hang- ups. A preliminary evaluation of the ocean perch exploration results to date indicate the absence of any large concentration of ocean perch in the slope area to the south of the Nova Scotian ''Shelf;'’ however, small con- centrations of fish are present which might sustain limited commercial fishing during COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 29 periods when fish are scarce or unavailable on the regular commercial fishing grounds. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1963 p. 33. bates caves) North Atlantic Fisheries Investigations FEEDING PERIODICITY OF GROUNDFISH SPECIES STUDIED: M/V “Albatross IV" Cruise 63-4 (June 19- 25, 1963): To determine the feeding periodic - ity of several groundfish species and the pos- sible changes in glycogen content of the liver was the purpose of this cruise by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research vessel Albatross IV. Trawling operations were conducted around the Block Island area on a 24-hour basis, and a total of 42 tows were made at 3-hour intervals. Over 2,000 stomachs from 8 species were examined and more than 500 fish livers were collected on this cruise. Fishing stations were occupied in the Block Island area for 4 days to determine the pe- riodicity of feeding, if any, and its relation to light or darkness, and tide. All of the spe- cies examined, ine Luding) ea (silver hake) and red hake, big and little skate, smooth and spiny dog- fish, black- back flounder, longhorn sculpin, alewife, and several other species, appeared to have at least some de- gree of periodicity of feeding. All species collected in sufficient number throughout the day and night to enable preliminary statistical analysis of the data obtained showed clear signs of periodicity. RED HAKE In addition, liver samples were obtained for glycogen analysis. Glycogen storage changes similarly indicated feeding periodic- ities. The catch per-unit-of-effort significantly dropped at night to less than half that during daylight hours. Alewife, butterfish, whiting, and winter flounder were more vulnerable, or available, to the gear during the day. The first 3 species are known to migrate toward the surface at night but the winter flounder does not. It feeds most actively during the middle of the day at which time it is alsomost vulnerable to the net. ys 30 Oceanography NORTH PACIFIC TRADE WIND ZONE OCEANOGRAPHY PROGRAM: Although Hawaii is located within the North Pacific trade wind zone, the efforts inocean- ography of the Honolulu Biological Labora - tory of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries have hitherto not been specifically di- rected toward the study of the air-sea in- teractions and their effects on the sea inthat region. Recent studies of the oceanographic climate of the Hawaiian Islands region has revealed that the southern boundary of the high salinity North Pacific Central water is seasonally displaced north-southward. These surface water displacements are believed to be associated with seasonal changes in the trade wind system. Hawaii is located within the path of this seasonally-shifting water type boundary which also determines the success of the local skip- jack tuna fishery. A study of the linkage mechanism between trade-wind system and surface-water movement is therefore of practical value to the Hawaiian fishery. Such a study, however, has much broader signif- icance in that the trade wind zone is one of the most important energy transfer regions in the North Pacific and events there affect the whole North Pacific Central and North Pacific Equatorial circulation systems. A trade wind zone oceanography program has been established at the Honolulu Labora- tory to study the processes at the sea sur- face and their effects on the ocean. The new program in July 1963 was in the design and planning phase of an investigation which will lead to a two-year, multiple-ship field op- eration beginning in 1965. This is planned to become a cooperative venture of Govern- ment agencies concerned with the sea and others interested in trade wind zone prob- lems. Preliminary cruises are planned for early 1964 by the Bureau's new research ves- sel now under construction. As a result of the investigation, an under- standing will be gained of the seasonally changing processes which govern the distri- bution of surface-water properties. Knowl- edge will be gained about the effects of the seasonally changing trade wind system on water motion, distribution of the surface mixed layer, and on the thermocline. Such new knowledge is, of course, basic to ecolo- gical studies, in addition to forecasting fa- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 10 vorable or unfavorable fishing conditions with assurance in Hawaiian waters. Most far- reaching, however, the results will provide an important link in understanding the ocean- atmosphere heat engine mechanism which con- trols our climate and so will be a stepcloser to eventual forecasting of climatic trends both in the ocean and atmosphere. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY AWARDED GRANT FOR RESEARCH VESSEL: For the construction and outfitting of an oceanographic research vessel (a double- hulled 150-ton catamaran), the Johns Hopkins University in July 1963 was awarded a grant of $1,291,200 by the National Science Founda- tion. The vessel will be used by the Univer- sity's Chesapeake Bay Institute to expand its oceanographic studies in the Chesapeake Bay and Atlantic coastal waters. The Director of the Institute said that the new ship ''will en- able us to do work in the open bay itself in almost any weather conditions, and will also enable us to work offshore to the edge of the continental shelf. "We plan to extend our operations up and down the coastline farther than is now possi- ble. The floating laboratory must be designed and built to exact specifications needed for Chesapeake Bay studies. In general, it will have an over-all length of 99 feet 5 inches, a displacement of 114 tons, and full load of 150 tons. The six-foot shallow draft will allow opera- tions in shallow inshore areas where con- ventional vessels cannot venture. The research vessel will have a cruising speed of about 18 knots, and a range of 1,000 miles with 30 days' supplies and water a- board. There will be space for a crew of 8 and adequate accommodations for 8 scientists. The main deck laboratory, plus scientific office space, will be 500 square feet, with at least 700 square feet of open scientific work- ing space. Johns Hopkins scientists will spend the next year on detailed plans of design, and another year will be needed for construction October 1963 after tests have been made on the final design. Explaining the need for construction of a vessel rather than the purchase of a con- ventional vessel, the Director of the Chesa- peake Bay Institute saidthat the requirements for sea-keeping characteristics and roll sta- bility for scientific investigation are critical. In addition, much higher speed is required for coastal and inshore studies than for deep- sea research, because of the much more rapid time changes which occur in the phys- ical, chemical, and biological properties of inshore and coastal waters. Established 13 years ago, the Institute has been studying the physical, chemical, and biological oceanography of estuarine and in- shore environments and has developed im- proved methods of using serial oceanographic observations to describe the physical and chemical properties of world oceans. In ad- dition, the staff has carried out a program of graduate education and special training of oceanographers. The Hopkins scientists now use their o- riginal research vessel, the Maury, only 65 feet long with a displacement of only 40 tons loaded. The iron-hulled Maury is operated by a crew of 3 and accommodates only 4 scien- tists. The size and seaworthiness has limit- ed the field operation of the staff, and weath- er limits its use on the Bay to approximate- ly one-third of the year. Oysters MARYLAND SPATFALL OBSERVATIONS FOR 1963 CONTINUED: Good sets of oysters generally continued in the Chesa- peake Bay area through the mid-summer period, accord- ing to the August 22, 1963, "Oyster Report" from the Bi- ological Laboratory of the State of Maryland, Solomons, The set in St. Marys River not only was the heaviest ob- served but was sustained over the longest period, Fair sets in Tar Bay and in Holland Straits, two important seed areas, occurred on test shells during the two weeks before August 22, In Eastern Bay and the Little Chop- tank a second wave of heavy setting occurred during the last week in July and first week in August. Upper Harris Creek and upper Honga River both received heavy sets during the last half of July and the first week in August. The U. S, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Laboratory at Oxford exposes test shells in Tred Avon River and in COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 31 Broad Creek, Talbot County, the latter an important seed area, Their report shows that a good set occurred with two distinct waves of setting, one near the beginning of July and the second after mid-July. Test shells were first put out on June 13, 1963, in Tred Avon River and June 14, 1963, in Broad Creek. This year 24 shells were placed in each bag, The inner faces of 12 shells faced downward and the inner faces of the other 12 shells faced the surface. The bags were suspended just off the bottom in such a manner that this shell position was retained throughout the sampling period, New shell bags were suspended weekly and the counts recorded are the total spat found per 24 inner shell faces at each station, In interpreting test-shell data it must be kept in mind that the figures show the potential set and not the com- mercial set on planted shells, The position of planted shells and the extent to which they become silt covered or fouled by growths of other organisms may greatly re- duce the spat that can attach. Also the crowding of spat by one another as they grow will rapidly lower the count of heavy sets after they have attached, Although the commercial set will not be evaluated until late fall it is apparent that quite high-count seed should be available in a number of areas in mid-summer, The week before August 22, observers of the Tidewater Fisheries Natural Resource Institute clam survey team brought in soft-shell clam (mannose) shells that were left on the bottom by hydraulic clam dredging in the Eastern Bay area, These were heavily encrusted with young oyster spat 1/4-inch or less in length, Quanti- ties of these thin clam shells were reported on sandy shoal areas where they are likely to be buried by the first severe storm, If a way could be found of salvaging these they would make valuable seed, In many regions seed oysters often are transplanted when only a few weeks old, Young spat crush easily and dry out quickly, but if handled carefully can be trans- planted quite successfully at any time except just before or during the winter months when they are unable to make growth or adjust to their new positions. This year Maryland could make great gains in oyster production if some mechanism could be worked out for transplanting the heavily set young spat to good growing grounds at once or during early fall. If left in seed areas many will have died by spring and the survivors deformed by crowding. An advantage enjoyed by Maryland in using spat as seed is the lack of a drill problem except in parts of Somerset County and on the Seaside. Spat are so heavily fed upon by drills that it is useless to plant them where drills occur, The fact that most Maryland waters are drill free is one that should be capitalized upon through effective use of dense sets of young spat whenever they are available, Salmon COLUMBIA RIVER FISH HATCHERY EVALUATION PROGRAM: Aerial-Ground Tabulation of Fall Chinook Sport Fishery: In mid-August 1963, the Co- lumbia River fish hatchery evaluation pro- gram was expanded to include an aerial- ground tabulation of the sport fishery in the 32 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Columbia River for fallchinooksalmon. This is part of a 10-year evaluation program known as ''Operation Fin Clip" being conduct- ed by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries and cooperating State agencies. Chinook Salmon The purpose of the program--which in- volves the marking of approximately 32 mil- lion fish over a 4-year period--is to evaluate the contribution made to the commercial and sports catch of fall chinook salmonby Colum- bia River hatcheries. The Federal Govern- ment, which contributes about $2 million annually for operation and maintenance of 22 State and Federal fish hatcheries on the Columbia and its tributaries, wants to find out how valuable they are to the total fish catch. State agencies cooperating in the pro- gram have trained observers stationed at key fishing spots along the Pacific coast from San Francisco, Calif., to Alaska to tabulate the marked fish as they are caught by com- mercial and sport fishermen. Statistical sampling techniques used to study the Columbia River sport fishery dur- ing August and September 1963 included a count of fishermen in the following areas: (1) from the Interstate Bridge at Longview to Martin's Bluff, including the lower Cowlitz River; (2) from Martin's Bluff to the Lewis River mouth and up the Lewis River to the Lewis River Hatchery; and (3) the vicinity of Bonneville Dam. Two observers in boats were assigned to each of the first two areas, and one to Bonne- ville Dam. In addition, an aerial observer in a chartered plane covered the three de- signated sampling areas and make a general survey of other areas of the Columbia River from Tongue Point to the Klickitat River a- bove Bonneville. The surface observers operating inboats distributed to fishermen in the sampling areas post card questionnaires issued by the Washington State Department of Fisheries. The questionnaires asked the fishermen to supply information regarding the time and location of their fishing activity and the num- bers and kinds of fish caught. Vol. 25, No. 10 Describing the study, a representative of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries said, Personnel of our Bureau and the State agen- cies have devised a statistically sound sam- pling schedule to determine the magnitude of the Columbia River fall Chinook salmon sport fishery and at the same time indicate the total number of fish which are being takenand the proportion of marked fish, so we can cal- culate the contribution made to this fishery by the various hatcheries. In subsequent years, the survey will con- centrate on additional areas of the Columbia River. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Sept. 1963 p. 45. OK OK OK MIDDLE SNAKE RIVER AREA FISHERIES IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS: The construction of fishways, screening of irrigation canals, and clearance of stream obstacles in the Middle Snake River area in Idaho is an important part of the Columbia River Fishery Development Program of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. The Program is designed to improve salmon runs in the Columbia River and its tributaries under cooperative financial arrangements be- tween the Federal Government and the States of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. Salmon which are hatched in the Middle Snake region in Idaho make their way down the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean and eventually return to their place of birth as adult spawners. Major improvements in the Middle Snake River area include the Selway Falls fishway on the Selway River about 100 miles above Lewiston, Idaho, and the Lewiston Dam fish- way on the Clearwater River at Lewiston, Idaho. At Lewiston Dam, a private power company, in cooperation with the Columbia River Fishery Development Program, is re- building outmoded fish ladders that were o- riginally constructed in the 1920's. The total cost of the project is $200,000. At Selway Falls, a tunnel-type fishway is being con- structed at a cost of about $250,000. It will pass fish around the falls which have been blocking the movement of Chinook salmon upriver. The two projects are expected to be completed in 1964. The screening program in the Middle Snake area involves placing screens across irriga- tion canals to stop fish from entering the canals. The screens are equipped with either electrically-powered or water-driven scrapers October 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 33 which operate like an automobile windshield wiper to keep the screens free of debris so water canflow through. Atotalof166 screens have been installed in the Upper Salmon Riv- - » (¢/lb., 26-30 Count, Heads-Off) . . Item and Period September , age August......../6/57-71 | 83.6 er Basin in Idaho since the program started ‘aoe coodoue ola Ecus || Gan 6 years ago. On the Lemhi River (a tributary June ........./6/ 72-83 | 84,4 5 May..........|6/ 80-86 | 83.7 of the Salmon River where 82 screens have Aprile te os | been placed, the spring chinook run has im- = 5) Wholesale price froz. brown (5-lb. -) Chicago, I1l.: proved from a meager handful of salmon a ENovembe ryan aRSI TO: = =7: few years ago to at least 2,000 fish in 1962. October ....... September ..... Ri (AUPUStieretlercncne In the Clearwater River, there has been Mion oo Oooo KO a vigorous clearance program to remove log was BACCO PELLG April, a - | 100-105} 94-97 1/Pounds of headless shrimp determined by multiplying the number of standard cases by 30.3. The figures in the section (Quantity canned, Gulf States) have been complete- ly revised beginning with February 1963 on the basis of a new conversion factor (for- merly 33.0 pounds per case). pinevover-alik@ olumbial River Development) \ili|2/ekbendes ony; /excludes breaded, peclediandidevelned)jetc. jams and level minor falls which had impeded the progress of fish. 7 7 4/1 ito. f Apr. 30, 1963, includes 545,000 nds; M. , 1963, includes 553,000 Program has resulted in the construction of "pounds; June 36, 1963, includes 667, 000 ponds and hay 3t, 1963, finelades 925, 000 56 fishways and 544 screens in Oregon, eye anaaon ems nob re posting previously. ‘ P S/Includes fresh, frozen, canned, dried, and other shrimp products as reported by the Bu- Washington, and Idaho. It has also provided aoe Sree eae ict Ea 5 a D 5 4 & » Fla.; rgan City, +) area; Po: a rownsville, financing for 21 fish hatcheries in the 3 states Texas, only. Note: Data for 1963 are preliminary. August 1963 landings and quantity used for canning estimated from information published daily by the New Orleans Fishery Market News Service, To convert shrimp to heads-on weight multiply by 1.68. and led to the clearance of 1,500 miles of streams. Shrimp Transportation UNITED STATES SHRIMP SUPPLY INDICATORS, AUGUST 1963: DIRECT RAIL SHIPMENT OF FROZEN ae FISH FROM SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA TO OTHER STATES: Additional direct rail movements of frozen fish out of Alaska over the new car ferry link- ing Saxman (Ketchikan), Alaska, and the lower 48 states have been reported as of August 1963. A carload of frozen fish, which weighed over 61,000 pounds, moved from Saxman, Alaska, to Miami, Florida. Freight charges amounted to about 3.4 cents a pound. This is considerably lower than charges for ship- ments by water to Seattle and thence by rail to Miami. Item and Period +... (1,000 Lbs., Heads-Off)...... Total landings, So. Atl. and Gulf States: Octobenwaicer.sclsre S September ..... August........ Jul Octoberdereneverene September ..... August........ Ul yp eailelicliclelsliclons anuary-June ... January~December Another car, containing over 82,000 pounds of frozen fish, also left Saxman bound for Cincinnati. This shipment was the second of 15,338) 19,283) | its kind between those two points. Additional 20,502| 23.331 cars have moved to Chicago, Louisville, and ——| | other cities. 211] 15,340 8,190| 7,541 P October 31 .. September 30 August 31... July 31..... June 30,, May 31 . April 30.... Imports 5/: OCtODerEivensneucssile September...... IAUpUStieverelie loneiele DULY fore eWoeat es . January-June... January~ December ee ec we ee Novemberjjeres).i. e 84.5 73.5 54.0 46.2 | = 90.0 68.7 53.0 44,4 (Table continued on next column) Ex-vessel price, all species, So, Atl. & Gulf Ports: | 34 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Tuna BLUEFIN TAGGING PROGRAM OFF CALIFORNIA RESUMED: M/V “Elsinore” (July 16-August 24, 1963): The second of a series of annual tagging cruises designed to provide vitally needed information on the Pacific bluefin tuna (Thun- nus thynnus), such as age, growth, move- ments, and vital statistics was completed by the chartered research vessel Elsinore. Spe- cific objectives of this cruise included: (1) the tagging and release of bluefin tuna, (2) collection of serological materials for sub- population analysis, (3) length-frequency samples of the individual catches, (4) col- lection of bathythermograph data relating catch success to thermocline depth and mag- nitude, and (5) collateral oceanographic and meterological observations. This latest cruise successfully extended the area of tag releases from Turtle Bay, Baja California, Mexico, to the Southern California offshore waters as shown in the chart. The Elsinore was chartered by the U.S. Bureau of Commerical Fisheries Biological Laboratory at San Deigo in cooperation with the California Department of Fish and Game. It is a continuation of the pilot program car- ried out in August 1962 by the commercial purse-seiner West Point. That vessel was then chartered by the Bureau in cooperation with California's Department of Fish and Game. A total of 543 bluefin tuna were tagged and released between July 19 and August 19, 1963, as shown in the table. Blood samples (total of 342) were taken from individual bluefin tuna and transshipped to the Tuna Subpopulation Study group, the Bureau's Biological Laboratory, at Honolulu, Hawaii, for serological analyses. Supplementary data obtained on this cruise included 69 bathythermograph casts at or Bluefin Tuna Tag Release Data from M/V Elsinore Cruise, July 19-August 19, 1963 Vol. 25, No. 10 asi : !20° 115° 0° ,POINT CONCEPTION 30° E % E 30° Sead ES EE BUNTA tn EEUGENIA A 25° = “aN—125° Legend: @ ~- Bluefin tag release locations. FROM HO. 0527 120° 15° 110° Shows area of bluefin tuna tag releases during M/V Elsinore cruise, July 16-August 24, 1963. near the time the purse seine was fished, length-frequency data from all catches, and daily synoptic marine meteorological obser- vations at 0000, 1200, and 1800 Greenwich Mean Time. Of particular interest this year was the difficulty encountered by the purse-seine fleet in successfully stopping schools of blue- fin tuna once they were surrounded by the net. The Elsinore's experience on this cruise was typical of the commercial tuna-fishing fleet's experience--of 33 sets on schools which were known to be bluefin tuna, only 7 were success- ful in stopping the fish and holding them until Latitude Longitude 27° 10'N, 115° 10' W. 27° 14'N. 115° 32' W. : 30° 43' N, 117° 43' W, 10:10 p. m. -12: 30° 27'N. 117° 47' W. 11:50 a.m.- 2: 31° 03'N. 117° 35' W, 7:55 32° 10'N, 117° 52' Ww, 32° 48'N, Position No. of Fish Released 118° 03' W. eee oe ew we ew ew ww eee ee © October 1968 the purse rings were hoisted aboard. All large schools of bluefin in the southern area of this year's fishery frequented very clear water, having such transparency that the fourth 5-fathom-deep strip of seine webbing could be seen below the surface when the net was fished. The schools appeared exceeding- ly wary and swerved away from the boat upon approach, requiring towline distances varying from 50 to 300 yards to close the gapbetween net and skiff (the M/V Elsinore fishes a net measuring approximately 485 fathoms long by 40 fathoms deep). Even when the towline was hauled and the fish were still inside the net, over half of the schools were lost as the fish sounded and went under the leadline dur- ing the pursing operation. Of additional scientific interest were the following species taken by the purse seine: a pelagic sting ray (family Dasyatidae), ham- merhead shark (Sphyrna lewini), silvertip shark (Carcharhinus platyrhynchus), blue shark (Prionace glauca), broadbill swordfish (Xiphias gladius), striped marlin (Makaira andax), dolphin (Coryphaena hippurus), sun- fish (Mola mola), and frigate mackerel (Auxis thazard). Scientific personnel aboard the M/V Elsi- nore during this cruise consisted of 2 fishery biologists from the Bureau's San Diego Bi- ological Laboratory and 2 marine biologists of the California Department of Fish and Game. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, December 1962 p. 50. 2K OK Ok OK Ok BLUEFIN TUNA TAGGED IN NORTH ATLANTIC OFF CAPE COD RECAPTURED NEAR RHODE ISLAND COAST: The second tag return from bluefin tuna tagged and released in the North Atlantic by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel Delaware was taken August 23, 1963, by a tuna purse-seine vessel operating off Block Island, R.I. The tuna was tagged and released 150 miles southeast of Cape Cod on June 8, 1963, along with 28 others of the same species, andtrav- eled 145 miles to the northwest before its recapture 77 days later. In addition, three more tagged bluefin tuna are believed to have been recaptured by purse-seine vessels op- erating in the same area. Canning plants were alerted to watch for those fish in an effort to recover the tags. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 35 The first tag return from the bluefin tuna released by the Delaware was found ina purse-seine catch 20 miles off Ocean City, Md., on June 27. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1963 pp. 36- 40 and p. 53. at) al U.S. Fishing Vessels DOCUMENTATIONS ISSUED AND CANCELLED, JULY 1963: Table 1 - U.S, Fishing Vessels 1/--Documentations Issued and Cancelled, by Areas, July 1963 with Comparisons ul an,~Jul oOo 6'o'o (Number)...... Issued first documents 2/: NewiEnglandyyceiers) oo 5 14) 20 28 Middle Atlantic ......... = 12 2 3 G@hesapeakemcna-meceuenen tras 2 31) 23) 43 SOuthvAtlantic! yy ccsrenelelielen sie 4 44 21 47 Guile eed wea Mole cro Gute eth 9 135} 62] 110 ECMO oo Glo Bie Gr auld ald 13 136] 100] 130 Greatiltakesima-eaeneenciene ot = 3 1 5 RUCTLOBRICOMemencmeon Memcon he = 3 S 2 0 C.Ol0 0 2010 coo 0 OO 33 377| 229] 368 Removed from documentation 3/: Newrbnglanditrea ele leneterens 1 33] 12) 24 Middle Atlantic! {0 cic. ee se s 39) 26) 39 Ghesapeakerpeeceteueuens) sictene 5 12 13 23 SouthwAtlanticwat yemcrete roots 4 37 22 38 0/050: DYDD C-ouchbeo DOyOKO-ce0 10 76 69| 104 3. 9.9.0'0-0.0'C0'a'0 OO DIO 3 60} 72) 111 GreatiibakesPesucrsteteitereter sre = 9| 12 22 6-O)0 o.00.0-010,0,5.0) d00;0 = 1 3 3 WET tORRICOM sy stsileitetioisiieuertene 5 = P R 1 | hotale wee weveresaews pa 23 2671 230] 365 1/For explanation of footnotes, see table 2. Table 2 - U, S, Fishing Vessels--Documents Issued and Cancelled, by Tonnage Groups, July 1963 Gross Tonnage Issued 2/ y Cancelled 3/ pia aoe (Number)....... 6 6 1 3 2 2 3 1 MOMOE Seiiehsliegersinetenclie.eaeuele 8 1 1 = 1 1 1 = = 1 1 - 1 - er /1/Includes both commercial and sport fishing craft. A vessel is defined as a craft of S net tons and over, 2 /Includes 5 redocumented vessels in July 1963 previously removed from records. Ves- | sels issued first documents as fishing craft were built: 52 in 1963; 1 in 1962; 1 in 1958; 1 in 1951; 20 prior to 1951; and 1 unknown. 3/Includes vessels reported lost, abandoned, forfeited, sold alien, etc. Source: Monthly Supplement to Merchant Vessels of the United States, Bureau of Cus- toms, U.S, Treasury Department. 36 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW During July 1963, a total of 76 vessels of 5 net tons and over was issued first docu- ments as fishing craft, as compared with 33 in July 1962. There were 47 documents can- celled for fishing vessels in July 1963 as compared with 23 in July 1962. U.S. Foreign Trade EDIBLE FISHERY PRODUCTS, JULY 1963: United States imports of edible fishery products in 1963, in general, reflect the comeback of the Maine sardine fish- ery this season by the drop in imports of canned sardines in-oil; the sharp drop in demand for canned tuna in the sec- ond quarter of this year by the substantial decline in imports of frozen tuna; and the strong United States demand for shrimp by the higher imports of frozen shrimp. Imports of fresh, frozen, and processed edible fish and shellfish into the United States in July 1963 were up 14.1 percent in quantity and 17.0 percent in value from the pre- vious month. In July, imports were much higher for ground- fish fillets (increase mostly from Canada), fresh swordfish from Canada, and canned tuna in brine from Japan. Imports were also up for halibut and salmon fillets from Canada, canned crab meat from Japan, canned oysters from Japan, frozen frog legs from Japan, and frozen shrimp. The in- crease was offset partly by a sharp drop in arrivals of fro- zen tuna, and lower imports of northern lobsters from Can- ada, Compared with the same month in 1962, imports in July 1963 were down 7.7 percent in quantity, but about the same in value. This July there was a heavy cutback in imports of frozen tuna, Imports were also down for cod fillets, canned sardines (in-oil and not-in-oil), and canned salmon, But imports were up for fresh swordfish, canned albacore tuna in brine, frozen shrimp, sea scallops, and groundfish fillets (other than cod fillets), In the first 7 months of 1963, imports were down 5.4 per- cent in quantity and 2.5 percent in value. Fluctuations in in- dividual import items were much greater than the over-all totals indicate. Imports were down sharply in 1963 for canned tuna in brine, frozen tuna, canned sardines in oil, frozen spiny lobsters, and canned salmon, On the other hand, there was a large increase in imports of canned sardines not~in- oil (mostly from South Africa Republic) and frozen shrimp, as well as heavier shipments of ocean perch fillets, blocks and slabs, fresh swordfish from Canada, canned crab meat from Japan, and frozen frog legs from India, U.S. Imports and Exports of Edible Fishery Products, July 1963 with Comparisons an. -Jul ul 1963 | 1962 | 1963]1962] 1963 | 1962 Fish & Shellfish: Fresh, froz. & Processed only1/ (excluding fresh & frozen. . o 1/Includes pastes, sauces, sian showdes ami juice, aad ater specialties. Vol. 25, No. 10 Exports of processed fish and shellfish from the United States in July 1963 were down 10,0 percent from those in the previous month, but the value of the exports was the same in both months. The decline in quantity affected all the leading canned fish items exported by the United States except the higher-priced canned shrimp which showed a considerable gain in July. Compared with the same month in 1962, the exports in July 1963 were down 14.3 percent in quantity, although the value of the exports was again the same in both months. A sharp drop in exports of canned sardines (not in oil) and canned mackerel this July was offset by larger shipments of canned shrimp and canned squid, Processed fish and shellfish exports in the first 7 months of 1963 were down 5.6 percent in quantity and the value dropped 3.8 percent from the same period in 1962. The drop in value was due to a general decline in the price of canned fishery products in 1963, The decline in quantity was due mainly to lower shipments of canned sardines and a drop in exports of canned mackerel to the Congo Republic. There were increases in exports of canned salmon and canned squid and in particular canned shrimp which increased 48.6 percent from the same period in 1962, Although not covered in the ta- ble, exports of frozen shrimp were up sharply in the first 7 months of 1963 (increase mostly in exports to Japan), and there was a substantial increase in exports of frozen salmon. HE OK OK OK OK IMPORTS OF FISH MEAL AND SCRAP BY CUSTOMS DISTRICTS, JULY 1963: nited States imports of fish meal an scrap in July 1963 totaled 43,223 short tons, a gain of 134.2 percent from the 18,452 tons imported in the previous month, and an in- crease of 67.2 percent from the 25,857 tons imported in July 1962. About 77.2 percent of the fish meal and scrap imports in July 1963 entered through the Customs Districts of Georgia, Mobile U.S. Imports of Fish Meal and Scrap by Customs Districts, July 1963 Maine and New Hampshire. INew York (N. Y.).....- Philadelphia (Pa.) Maryland ..... North Carolina . GEOnglallsnterer sks Mobile (Ala.) .. iNew Orleans (La.) ee eee 0000-0 0-o aylefeence: jailer. San Francisco (Calif.). ashington........ LAW All i shayonstiaiisiioion ene Dakotaycisietctelereicshebeb ene . [Duluth (Minn.) and Superior (Wis. ) Michigan ...... Other Customs Districts.... Oo 6.0.0-6 sierienieare O. 080 Bro . . . . . ae0s0 905090 0-DEG D2G-0 oO O80 0 nO Oe 0 OOOO. Ube OU O10 Osc O00 0 O00 0-0 OO 0 O-os0 OG Oncreth uO Oat 0-0 ciel “eh Je (e¥iepiehie tie O80L0..0 0 08d20 0 eee 2/Includes 833 ions of fish meal classified : as ss fertilizer. Beast 30 tons of fish meal classified as fertilizer. October 1963 (Ala.), Los Angeles (Calif.), San Francisco (Calif.), Washington, and Hawaii. = Wholesale Prices EDIBLE FISH AND SHELLFISH, AUGUST 1963: Wholesale price trends moved downward in August 1963 for the third month in a row starting in June in accordance with the usual seasonal trend, The 4.1-percent drop from July to August was due largely to iower prices for proc~ essed fresh and frozen fish and shellfish, and somewhat low- er prices for canned fish products. Prices this August were generally lower than those in July in all of the subgroups ex- cept those under drawn, dressed, or whole finfish which were substantially higher. Compared with a year earlier, the index this August at 105.5 was down 13.2 percent, Supplies of a number of the major fishery products were more plenti- ful this August than a year earlier with fresh and frozen shrimp in the forefront, followed by several of the canned fish items. At New York City, lighter August supplies of fresh dressed western halibut and king salmon resulted in higher prices for those products. Because of those higher prices (halibut up 7.0 percent and salmon up 5.6 percent), the sub- group index for drawn, dressed, or whole finfish jumped 5.5 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 37 percent from July to August. Prices this August also were higher for ex-vessel large haddock at Boston (up 1.4 per- cent) and Great Lakes fresh-water fish at Chicago and New York, But compared with the same month a year earlier, a more plentiful supply of most products caused the subgroup index this August to drop 11.9 percent, Prices for all items in the subgroup were sharply lower than in August 1962 ex- cept Great Lakes whitefish and yellow pike which were up 25.6 and 28,0 percent, respectively. As in the previous month, there again was a sharp drop from July to August in fresh shrimp prices at New York City (down 23,2 percent) because of better supplies from the South Atlantic States. These lower prices contributed sig- nificantly to the 13.5-percent drop during the same period in the subgroup index for processed fresh fish and shellfish, Prices this August also were lower for shucked standard oysters at Norfolk (down 5.9 percent) and fresh haddock fil- lets at Boston (down 2.6 percent). As compared with the same month in 1962, the subgroup index this August was down 11.1 percent chiefly because of lower prices for fresh shrimp. A year earlier, shrimp supplies were very light and wholesale prices were about 40 percent higher than this August, The lower price index for processed frozen fish and shell- fish (down 8,3 percent) from July to August also was influ- enced principally by sharply lower shrimp prices, At Chi- cago, frozen shrimp prices dropped 15,1 percent (from 93 to 79 cents a pound), Compared with the same month a year earlier, frozen shrimp prices this August were 27,3 percent lower because of more liberal supplies, From July to Au- gust there was a slight decline in prices for frozen flounder fillets (down 1.2 percent), but small haddock fillets were up Table 1 = Wholesale Average Prices and Indexes for Edible Fish and Shellfish, August 1963 with Comparisons Group, Subgroup, and Item Specification ALL FISH & SHELLFISH (Fresh, Frozen, & Canned) Haddock, Ige., offshore, drawn, fresh Halibut, West., 20/80 ibs., drsd., fresh or froz. .|New York Salmon, king, lge. & med., drsd., fresh or froz. .|New York | lb. 2 © © © e »|Chicago Whit L. Superior, drawn, fresh Yellow , L.Michigan & Huron, rnd., fresh Fresh & Frozen IRYOGUCTS:Wremaiieiiolatreliel Vole et eltettomte Drawn, ee Whole Finfish: 2 Avg. Prices 1/ ($) Indexes (1957-59=100) b. Processed, Fresh (Fish & Shellfish); . .. . Fillets, haddock, smil., skins on, 20-Ib, tins Shrimp, lge. (26-80 count), headless, fresh Oysters, Shucked, standards ...-.. Processed, Froze:1 (Fish & Shellfish); ... Fillets; Flounder, skinless, I-Ib. pkg. . . Haddock, smi., skins on, 1e-lb. pkg. Ocean perch, Ige., skins on 1-Ib, pkg. Shrimp, lge. (26-80 count), brown, 5-1b. pkg. 1 1 Canned Fishery Products; .........0.2.. Salmon, pink, No. 1 tall (16 0z.), 48 cans/cs. . Tuna, It. meat, chunk, No. 1/2 tuna (6-1/2 oz.), ASIcans/CSomeieelonecmensistenee mee ntene Mackerel, jack, Calif., No. 1 tall (15 02.), ASicAaNnS//CSepitepiel|iolie te!) siellaitodselfieirel (ed's! ollvs Sardines, Maine, keyless oil, 1/4 drawn 8-3/4 0z.), 100 cans/cs 38 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 10 2.8 percent, August prices for ocean perch fillets declined products subgroup (down 1,2 percent) was due to lower prices only fractionally from those of the previous month, but they for canned tuna and canned jack mackerel. The California were up 10.0 percent from August 1962, The subgroup index canned tuna pack as of the end of August 1963 was substan- this August was 16,0 percent below the same month a year tially below that of the same period a year earlier but did not earlier principally because of the substantially lower shrimp create any supply shortage as the carryover from the 1962 prices. pack was liberal and the demand during the second quarter of 1963 was below normal, Compared with August 1962, prices Prices for canned Maine sardines and canned pink salm- this August were sharply lower (down 13.5 percent) because on this August were unchanged from the previous month, of still liberal stocks of all canned fishery products, The slight drop from July to August in the canned fishery FISH and SHELLFISH PARADE of VALUES PACKED UNDER CONTINUOUS INSPECTION U.S. DEPARTMENT, G ays GED Minerals INTERIOR Vitamins October 1963 International EUROPE WEST EUROPEAN FISHERIES CONFERENCE SCHEDULED FOR OCTOBER 1963: A West European Fishery Conference is scheduled to take place at Esbjerg, October 9-10, 1963. (Originally it was scheduled for September 11-12, 1963.) About 65 partici- pants from 10 West European countries are expected. They will discuss problems in- volved in the extension of fishery limits, a common fishery policy in Common Market and EFTA countries, and technical matters such as the carrying of lights on vessels, destruction of gear by other vessels, crew quarters, etc. Denmark's recent experience with minimum price regulations also may be included. (Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, August 7, 1963.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1963 p. 59. EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY DELAY SOUGHT IN PROPOSED WESTERN EUROPEAN FISHERIES CONFERENCE: The European Economic Community (EEC) countries seek a delay of some months in the proposed Western European Fisheries Con- ference on access to fishing grounds and mar- kets initiated by the United Kingdom and scheduled to take place in London in the fall of 1963, according to a July 26 report ina Copenhagen newspaper. The Common Mar- ket countries wish to wait until the end of the year in order that they may begin to develop their own common fisheries policy. Ata meeting in Brussels, representatives of the six EEC Governments discussed, for thefirst time, the British proposal for the conference and agreed, in principle, that the EEC coun- tries should participate, but an official re- sponse has not yet been made to the British invitation. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 39 E FOREIGN” The permanent representatives in Brussels will discuss the question later, and it is ex- pected that the European Common Market Commission, by the end of the year, will pre- sent the first proposal for a common fisher- ies policy to the Council of Ministers. The Common Market has no common policy on access to fishing grounds and access to mar- kets, the matters to be discussed at the Unit- ed Kingdom Conference. France has the most reserved position a- mong The Six, believing that there cannot be realistic discussions with third countries be- fore The Six are in mutual agreement. In ad- dition, France believes that organizing mar- kets for fish and fish products is a question better suited to solving during next year's tariff discussions at GATT rather than at the London conference. The French position comes as no surprise to other EEC and to European Free Trade As- sociation (EFTA) fishery representatives. Earlier efforts to establishan EEC fisheries policy have failed because of France's unwill- ingness to have non-EEC nations participate in any way at a policy development meeting, and the desire of most of the other EEC coun- tries that fishing nations such as the United Kingdom, Norway, and Denmark should be present as observers. (Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe, U. 8S. Embassy, Copen- hagen, July 31, 1963.) EUROPEAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION FORMAL DECISIONS ADOPTED AT MEETINGS OF EFTA COUNCIL: At the 16th and 17th meetings of the Euro- pean Free Trade Association (EFTA) Council held in May 1963, nine Decisions (Decision Nos. 6 to 14) were adopted in accordance with articles of the Stockholm Convention. Decisions concerning (1) acceleration of the Convention timetable for the elimination 40 International (Contd.): of import duties, (2) acceleration of the elim- ination of quantitative import restrictions, and (3) establishment of an Economic Devel- opment Committee, which were adopted at the Council's 16th meeting on May 10, follow: Decision No. 6: Acceleration of the Con- vention timetable for the elimination of im- port duties. The Council decided that the timetable in paragraph 2 (a) of Article 3 of the Convention for the elimination of the final 50 percent of the import duties concerned should be replaced by the following revised timetable: December 31, 1963: reduction to 40% of the basic duties. December 31, 1964: of the basic duties. reduction to 30% December 31, 1965: of the basic duties. reduction to 20% December 31, 1966: complete elimination of the import duties concerned. Decision No. 7: Acceleration of the elim- ination of quantitative import restrictions. The Council decided to advance to December 31, 1966, the date in paragraph 2 of Article 10 of the Convention by which quantitative import restrictions on intra-EFTA trade in industrial goods should be eliminated. Asa consequence of this, the date January 1, 1970, in paragraph 3 of Article 10 was changed to January 1, 1967. Decision No. 9: Establishment of an Eco- nomic Development Committee. The Coun- cil decided to establish an ''Economic Devel- opment Committee!’ to examine such ques- tions in relation to economic development in Member States as the Council may refer to it, including questions in this field relating to circumstances created by the dismantling of trade barriers between Member States, and in appropriate cases to study the ways and means of promoting or facilitating col- laboration among them in financial, technical and similar matters. The Committee is re- quired to submit a report as soon as possi- ble, and in any case before July 1, 1964. (EFTA Bulletin, July 1963.) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 10 INTERNATIONAL PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES COMMISSION DIVISION OF 1963 PINK SALMON CATCH CONSIDERED: The International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission met on August 20, 1963, to con- sider the serious problem involved in the di- vision of the 1963 pink salmon catch in North Pacific Convention waters between the fisher- men of Canada and the United States. Canadi- an fishermen had harvested only 840,000 pink salmon to that date in Convention waters as compared with 1,460,000 fish by United States fishermen for the same period ending August 19. Reports to the Commission for August 19 revealed that the day's catch showed a gain for United States fishermen with their catch at 215,000 pink salmon while the Canadian catch was only 155,000 fish. The main Fraser River run was not ex- pected to start until the last week in August when the Puget Sound run would be tapering off in Convention waters. ''We can only hope to fullfill our obligation under the Pink Salm- on Convention, of dividing the pink salmon catch, by further adjustment of the fishing regulations at that time,'' the Chairman of the Commission announced. The Commission added one extra day to the fishing period for Canadians fishing the Juan de Fuca Strait area the week of August 11 and decided on August 20 to extend the Ca- nadian fishing time to a total of five days for the week of August 18 in Juan de Fuca Strait only. It was hoped that the added fishing time in the specified Canadian waters would aid in closing the gap between the catches of the two countries. The Commission planned to meet again on August 23 toreview the entire situ- ation. OK KK OK PROPER HARVEST PLANNED FOR PINK SALMON RUN IN NORTH PACIFIC CONVENTION WATERS: The Commission met with its Industry Ad- visory Committee again on August 23, 1963, to work out a plan for the proper harvesting of the pink salmon run destined for both Puget Sound Rivers and the Fraser River. October 1963 International (Contd.): A large run of pink salmon to Puget Sound Rivers has returned this year and the harv- esting of that run has created a serious prob- lem in obtaining the required division of the catch between the two countries without over - fishing the Fraser River pink run. Staff reports indicated that the severe regulatory restrictions imposed in 1961, to protect the Fraser River run, badly deci- mated by high water in the brood year, had brought a return to Puget Sound Rivers great- er than that for many years. The problem of escapement, therefore, is not as difficult for those streams as for the Fraser River run which has not yet been brought to maxi- mum production. The Commission Chairman told the Com- mission's Advisory Committee that the Com- mission could not allow overfishing of the Fraser run to make up any deficit in the Ca- nadian catch caused by the Puget Sound run. "Our primary responsibility is to restore the Fraser River pink run to full production while at the same time obtaining a practical division of the catch. When the Fraser River run is restored the problems facing the Com- mission and the industry this year of dividing the catch will be largely solved.” It was pointed out during the meeting that the 210,000 fish differential in favor of Unit- ed States troll fishermen over Canadiantroll fishermen on the high seas would have to be made up mainly by further regulation of the United States inside net fishery. In past years, the Canadian troll catch has equalled or exceeded that of the United States troll fishermen. After thorough consideration of the prob- lem of obtaining the required increase inthe escapement of Fraser River pink salmon now entering Convention waters in quantity and the suggestions of the Advisory Commit- tee, the Commission ruled that fishing in Canadian Convention waters lying westerly of the William Head-Angeles Point line would not commence for the week beginning August 25 until Monday evening at 6:00 p.m., August 26 for gill nets and 6:00 a.m. Tuesday morning, August 27, for purse seines. The Commission was scheduled to meet again on August 27 to consider further the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 41 regulatory requirements in the various fish- ing areas for that week. Kk Kk Ok OK PINK SALMON FISHING REGULATIONS FOR FIRST HALF OF SEPTEMBER 1963 REVIEWED: The International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission met September 3, 1963, to re- view the fishing regulations for the first week of September in all Convention waters on the basis of the catch of pink salmon on Septem- ber 2. Staff reports indicated that the pink salm- on run in the Juan de Fuca Strait area ap- peared to be declining, that United States catches of early Fraser pinks were not as large as anticipated, but that the number of pink salmon in the Gulf of Georgia had in- creased favorably. The West Beach catches of Puget Sound pink salmon continued to be very large on September 2 even though this run had been expected to drop substantially. The Commission issued regulations in ac- cordance with the findings. The problem of escapement of early Fraser River pink salmon as related to possible fish- ing time in the various Convention fishing areas for the week beginning September 8, 1963, was discussed by the Commission when it met September 6 with its Advisory Com- mittee. Staff reports to the Commission and to the Advisory Committee showed that the number of early run pink salmon available for escape- ment as delaying fish in the Gulf of Georgia was not yet adequate. It was indicated that the necessary harvesting of the large run of Puget Sound pink salmon had not permitted the usual surplus of Fraser pinks to be taken by the gill-net fishermen operating off the mouth or in the Fraser River proper. In view of the large 1963 catch of pink salmon (expected to exceed 8 million fish for the fishermen of the two countries), it was agreed that every measure should be taken to assure a satisfactory escapement of pink salmon to the Fraser River. After considering all of the data presented by its staff and the representation of the Ad- 42 International (Contd.): visory Committee, the Commission recom- mended certain regulatory action for the week commencing September 8. 7K OOK OK OK OK PINK SALMON REGULATORY PROBLEMS DISCUSSED: Regulatory problems concerned with the early Fraser River pink salmon run the week of September 1, were :onsidered at an Au- gust 30, 1963, meeting of the International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission. Catch figures through the week of August 25 indicated that the problem of the division of the catch between United States and Ca- nadian fishermen was under control at that time and that escapement to the mouth of the Fraser River was the principal problem fac- ing the Commission during the coming fish- ing period. Catches in Georgia Strait south of Point Roberts, at Point Roberts, and off the Fraser River had not indicated a satisfactory abund- ance of early Fraser pink salmon in those areas for that period of the season. The Chairman of the Commission said that the Commission desired a heavy escapement of early Fraser River pink salmon which have extensive spawning grounds available tothem. ''The later running pink salmon to the Fraser have relatively restricted spawning areas and do not provide any great potential for in- creased runs to the Fraser River in future years. It is the early run that has the great potential for the future and we must obtain a minimum of 1,500,000 escapement and 2,500,000 would be more desirable." After considering staff reports, the Com- mission recommended certain fishing regu- lations in an attempt to achieve the Commis- sion's objectives. The Commission also met on August 27 and considered the problem of how to harv- est the heavy run of Puget Sound pink salm- on escaping the Juan de Fuca Strait fishery. The Commission staff reported that the first of the Fraser River run had appeared at Point Roberts but that it was too early to assess the actual volume of the Fraser Riv- er run. Catches at the entrance to Juan de Fuca Strait on August 27 were reported to COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No.10 be good and troll catches off the West Coast of Vancouver Island indicated that the run would continue for Some time. The Chairman of the Commission said that heavy catches of Puget Sound pink salmon in United States Convention waters was making the division of the 1963 catch of pinks diffi- cult if not impossible. He pointed out the de- sirability of a heavy early escapement to the Fraser River to rehabilitate this major seg- ment of the run, and that this entailed care- fully controlled fishing during the early weeks of the run. FISH MEAL WORLD PRODUCTION, JUNE 1963: World production of fish meal in June 1963 showed little change from that in the same month of 1962, according to preliminary data from the International Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers, Compared with the previous month, . production in June 1963 was down 22,4 percent due mainly to lower output in Peru, Most of the principal countries producing fish meal sub- mit data to the Association monthly (see table). World Fish Meal Production by Countries, June 1963 Jan,~June [| 1963 | see2{ sees] 1962 | France ...+..206 German Fed. Rep. . INetherlands...... Spain .... . Swedenterercneyenenstene United Kingdom ... United States..... Angola....... oe Icelandigicweronanencmers INOrway: . 2.220. oe IROrUbieteiieelterisiell eile South Africa (incl. f South-West Africa) 4 23,600)3/147,997| 158,196 1/Data not available. 2 /Data available only for January-May. /Revised. ote: Belgium, Chile, Japan, and Morocco do not report their fish meal produc- tion to the International Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers at present. 701,507| 544,442 World fish meal production during the first 6 months of 1963 was 12.6 percent greater than in the same period of the previous year. Production inthe first half of 1963 was boosted by much heavier landings of anchoveta in Peru as well as in- creased landings of industrial fish in Denmark and Norway. But there was a sharp decline in production in the United States, Peru accounted for 58.1 percent of total fish meal pro- duction during January-June 1963, followed by South Africa with 12.3 percent and the United States with 6.8 percent. October 1963 International (Contd.): NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES CONVENTION TRIPARTITE TREATY DISCUSSIONS RESUMED AT SECOND MEETING: Delegates of the three parties (Canada, Japan, and the United States) to the Interna- tional Convention for the High Seas Fisheries of the North Pacific Ocean met in Tokyo be- ginning September 16, 1963, to discuss possi- ble modifications of the Treaty. Preliminary discussions were held in Washington, D. C., June 6-21, 1963, and at the close of those discussions it was decided to recommend to the three governments that a subsequent meeting be held, in an effort to reach agreement on the future course of the Treaty. The Tripartite Treaty entered into force in 1953. Its objective was to insure the max- imum sustainable productivity of the fishery resources of the North Pacific Ocean. The Treaty has a minimum duration of 10 years, which elapsed on June 12, 1963. After that date, any one of the three Governments may terminate the Treaty on one year's notice. The June meeting at Washington originated from a request by the Japanese Government for such discussions. At the Washington, D. C., meetings it was agreed by the three parties that it would be desirable to give further study to means of resolving the different views of the three countries in the light of the work at that Con- ference. The Conference then decided to adjourn and recommended to the three Gov- ernments that efforts to reach agreement be renewed at a second Conference. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1963 p. 70; July 1963 p. 66. ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT JAPAN INVITED TO OECD MEMBERSHIP: Japan was invited to membership in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development by a unanimous vote of the OECD Council on July 27, 1963. The OECD Secretary General notified the Japanese Am- bassador to France of the Council's decision, and a memorandum stipulating the terms of Japan's entry into that organization was signed by both those officials. The OECD will formally vote on Japan's admission as COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 43 the 21st member on November 20, 1963, and the effective date of membership will follow the Japanese Diet's approval. Japan will be requested to contribute approximately $1 mil- lion annually to the organization. The memorandum stipulated that Japan will be granted reservations or exemptions from the 2 OECD codes regarding 17 items, includ- ing the long-term chartering of foreign ves- sels. The Japanese statement which will be incorporated in the memorandum declares Japan's adherence to the terms of the OECD Code of Liberalization of Current Invisible Operations as well as the organ's Code of Liberalization of Capital Movement upon be- coming an OECD member. The statement al- so affirms Japan's preparedness to commit herself to all the obligations derived from her endorsement of those codes. Japan's foreign Minister hailed the Coun- cil's action, and stated that Japan has exerted painstaking efforts to stabilize and expand the world economy in the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, the General A- greement on Tariffs and Trade, and the De- velopment Assistance Committee (a subsidiary organ of the OECD). The Foreign Minister added that with the admission to the OECD, Japan's economic policies will be carried out both at home and abroad under closer cooper- ation with the world economic organization, all of which will enable Japan to contribute in a larger measure to the consolidation of unity among the countries of the Free World and further enhance Japan's international status. (Japan Report, July 31, 1963.) SOVIET BLOC TRIPARTITE AGREEMENT COOPERATION IN FISHERIES RESEARCH BY SOVIET UNION, POLAND, AND GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC: A plan calling for scientific and technical cooperation in fisheries research was ap- proved on March 1, 1963, by fishery officials of the Soviet Union, Poland, and the German Democratic Republic. Those countries had previously signed a tripartite agreement on cooperation in fisheries on July 28, 1962, and established a Joint Committee on fisheries. The plan for cooperation in fisheries research ‘was discussed at the first session of the Joint Committee which met at Rostock in the Ger- man Democratic Republic from February 26- March 1, 1963.) Besides fishery officials from the three countries party to the agreement, the session 44 International (Contd.): was attended by 20 delegates and experts of other countries. The plan, which is to be put into effect immediately after ratification by the govern- ments of the three countries, calls for joint research and an exchange of information in fisheries development work for 1963-1964 such as: (1) estimating fishery stocks and forecasting fishery catches in the main fish- ing areas for 1964, i.e. the Baltic, NorthSea, Northeast Atlantic, Northwest Atlantic, and Central and South Atlantic (off the West Afri- can Coast); (2) fisheries exploration and gear research; (3) mechanizing fishing vessels and fish-processing plants; (4) studies in fish processing technology; (5) studies in fishery economics; and (6) expansion of fishing fleets and problems of appropriate operation of ports and fishing fleets. The program of cooperation was to be realized through direct contacts between scientists and fishing industry representa- tives, as well as by an exchange of informa- tion and statistics. The plan also proposed joint consultations of specialists, and an ex- change of fishery technicians. The Joint Committee, composed of fishery delegates from the three countries, was to hold its second session in Poland before the end of 1963. (Polish Maritime News, vol. VI, no. 56, April 1963, p. 9.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1962 p. 89. WHALING NORWEGIAN GOVERNMENT REJECTS APPLICATION TO SELL WHALE FACTORYSHIP TO JAPAN: The Norwegian Government is reported to have rejected the application submitted by a Norwegian firm to sell its whale factory- ship Thorshovdi to Japan. As a result, Japan is reported to be considering changes in the makeup of her Antarctic whaling fleet for the coming season. She was originally reported to be planning on sending a total of seven whale factoryships. Japan's international whale catch quota is presently 4,600 blue-whale units. (Suisan Tsushin, August 12; Suisan Keizai Shimbun, July 24, 1963.) ® x ae | S@ @ COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 10 Algeria FISHERIES OFFICE ESTABLISHED: Algeria has created a National Office of Fisheries under the jurisdiction of the Minis- try of Reconstruction, Public Works and Transport. This office will have the mission of organizing and promoting the fishing indus- try in Algeria and the sale of its products. These functions will include '\promoting and controlling the necessary groups and organi- zations, especially cooperatives.'' The office will also be charged with managing boats, canneries, and refrigeration installations de- clared to be vacated properties. (United States Embassy, Algiers, August 1, 1963.) Angola JAPANESE FISH MEAL OPERATION OFF ANGOLA TO BE DISCONTINUED: The Japanese firm operating the fish meal factoryship Renshin Maru off Angola is re- ported to have decided not to continue her Angolan fish-meal operations this coming winter. This action was taken after the An- golan firm (with which the Japanese company had contracted for the delivery of fish for processing into fish meal by the factoryship during the previous two seasons) insisted that the Japanese firm enter into a partnership and establish a joint company in Angola. How- ever, in view of the unsettled political situa- tion in Angola, the Japanese firm has decided against the risk of investing capital in that country. (Suisan Tsushin, August 23, 1963.) Australia TEAM TO STUDY JAPANESE TUNA METHODS: To investigate the possibility of further de- veloping tuna resources in waters adjacent to Australia, the Australian Government in mid- 1963 provided funds from its Fisheries De- velopment Account. A team of experts will visit Japan, Hawaii, and American Samoa to investigate the tech- nical and economic aspects of introducing to Australia the deep-sea long-line method of catching tuna. October 1963 Australia (Contd.): Tuna are known to be present in large quantities in the deep waters off the Austra- lian coast, but the types of vessels and gear required to catch them, and especially the cost of such operations, present problems, The live-bait-and-pole method used by Australian fishermen to catch tuna in the shallow waters close to the coast is not ap- plicable to the deep-water fishery. It is expected that the investigations will take about three months, and that the experts' report will indicate to the Government and to the fishing industry what are the prospects of successfully developing a deep-water tuna fishery on a commercial basis. (New Zealand periodical Commercial Fishing, July 1963.) * OK OK OK OK YELLOWFIN TUNA CAUGHT BY LONG LINE OFF NEW SOUTH WALES: The first commercial long-lining of yel- lowfin tuna in Australia was reported in June 1963, as having been successfully carried out between Ulladulla and Eden (New South Wales) by a small group of boats. Their technique, however, differed from Japanese subsurface long-lining in that they fished not far below the surface and in not more than 40 fathoms. In one week of fishing the boats caught 20 tons of yellowfin tuna, running from 40 to 140 pounds and averaging 80 pounds. One fisherman worked up and down a drifting line. As soon as he saw a float sink, he took the fish aboard and reset the branch line. (Commercial Fishing, New Zealand, June 1963. Brazil FISHERY DEVELOPMENTS, 1963: As of mid-1963, the Brazilian Govern- ment is directing its major efforts in fish- eries toward better organizing and develop- ing the industry's resources for the purpose of increasing national consumption of fish. To achieve this purpose, it has plans to modernize the domestic tuna, sardine, cod, and spiny lobster industries. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 45 Besides Government plans, there are two major business developments: (1) A group of businessmen, including sev- eral Americans, is said to be interested in launching a fairly large-scale fishing enter- prise in South American waters. According to the report, the group has sought bids on integrated fishing vessels (approximately 10 in number) from the West Germans and the Japanese. The American ,\European, and Jap- anese markets are said to be the targets of this venture. (2) Privately sponsored is the lobster in- dustry of the Northeast. These fisheries, with no special Government concessions, have captured a small share of the frozen spiny lobster tail market in the United States (an estimated $4 million was exported in 1962). The yield of those fisheries will probably grow, although slowly, in the years to come. Also, a small shrimp industry in northern Brazil has as its purpose exportation of fro- zen shrimp to the United States. (United States Embassy, Rio de Janeiro, August 20, 1963.) je British Honduras: SPINY LOBSTER INDUSTRY: For reasons of conservation, the British Honduras Government imposes on the spiny lobster fishery acatch quota of 800,000 pounds per season (July 15 to March 15 of the following year). The entire catch is exported. The quota is allocated among the producers. There is a legal minimum price to be paid to the fishermen of BH$0.25 (17.9 U. S. cents) a pound of whole lobster (30 pounds of tail are equivalent to 100 pounds of whole lobster). In practice, the fishermen receive about BH$0.27 (19.5 cents) a pound; the price usual- ly quoted includes ice and delivery to the buy- er's plant, and is, with practically no varia- tion, BHS$0.30 (21.4 cents) a pound, as com- pared with BH$0.22 (15.7 cents) a poundthree years ago. In view of the fully subscribed quota, pros- pects for expansion are not great. At present the industry engages only in shallow-water fishing, and the Government is currently studying the feasibility of deep-water spiny 46 British Honduras (Contd.): lobster fishing in the hope of being able to in- crease the catch. A reliable source within the industry, however, reports that attempts already made to catch lobsters in deep water have been disappointing. The same source maintains that effective prohibition of catch- ing female and undersize lobsters, and off- season catching of all lobsters, would abolish the need for any quota restrictions whatso- ever. (United States Consulate, Belize, Au- st 16, 1963.) Note: Values converted at rate of BH$1.40 equal US$1.00. Chile GOVERNMENT'S INTEGRATED FISHERIES PLANT: The Chilean Government's integrated fish- eries corporation is now under construction in Iquique. Of its proposed fleet of 18 fish- ing vessels, 8 will be tuna purse seiners; the other 10 will be smaller vessels for fishing anchovy (anchovette). (United States Embas- sy, Santiago, August 22, 1963.) OK OK KOK NEW FISH MEAL PLANT PLANNED: A modern 25-ton fish-meal plant will be established in Iquique, Chile, by a newly organized subsidiary of\a large drug- chem - ical industries corporation in Panama (Pana- ma). The entire production will be exported and marketed in the large drug firm's estab- lished lines of animal-feed mixes. The com- pany also plans to install at Iquique a small pilot plant for production of fish meal for human consumption. The entry of this large drug-chemical firm in the fish-meal industry, if interpreted as a breakthrough on the acceptance of fish meal for human consumption, may give new impetus to investment expansion in the indus- try of Northern Chile. (United States Em- bassy, Santiago, August 10, 1963.) HK OK OK OK PROSPECTS SLIGHT OF SETTING UP JAPANESE FISH-MEAL OPERATIONS IN CHILE: A Japanese fishery firm, which had been negotiating for some months with Chilean COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 10 interests for the establishment of joint fish- meal operations in Chile, was reported to have decided to dispatch the fish-meal factory- ship Renshin Maru (14,094 gross tons) to the eastern Bering Sea in 1964 instead. The rea- son is that prospects of a satisfactory settle- ment ever being reached with Chile this year are considered very slight. Originally, that company had planned on diverting the Renshin Maru to operate off Chile as soon as settle- ment was | reached. Japanese shee factonyshig’ Renan Renshin Maru, The Chilean Government is reported to look favorably on the establishment of the joint company. However, the proposal is said to be strongly opposed by some elements in the Chilean fish-meal industry, and, as a result, the Chilean Government does not now plan on approving that project. (Suisan Tsu- shin, August 23, 1963.) KOK OK KOK EXPORTS OF FISH MEAL: Chile's exports of fish meal the last week of July 1963, according to the Banco Central, amounted to 3,150 metric tons, which repre- sents a return of US$587,000. Exports were mainly to France, United States, United King- dom, Belgium, Philippines, and the Nether- lands. Chilean trade sources expect that ex- ports of fish meal and fish oil for all of 1963, will amount to US$11 million. (United States Embassy, Santiago, mae 6, 1963.) Denmark FISHERY LANDINGS, JANUARY-JUNE 1963: Fishery landings in Danish ports by Danish fishing craft during the first half of 1963 were 12 percent greater than in the same period of 1962, the record year for total land- ings (table 1), The severe winter caused declines in some catches, mostly in the ice~covered waters supporting the in- shore fisheries, but North Sea yields were unaffected. Some of the inshore losses are being regained because of better catches after fishing again became possible, October 1963 Denmark (Contd.): {Table 1 - Fishery Landings in Danish Ports, First Half 196 lune 1963] Change from Species Metric Tons IBy Danish Vessels: Flatfish .... Cod..... Herring .. Brisling .. Mackerel .. Hornfish........ Other salt-water fish1/ WAKE codpodopodo clo Pond trout ........ Fresh-water fish.... o 21 Mussels .......00¢ 17 Starfish .....0.00.6 = 60 ceeecceceecee see ace O10 Ol-0-080.6-0:0°0 0 0 6 O80) 00509000) Oe050 oO Oo ee 10) vrse) lelet ie) ents) 6) 10 6 De080 G0 OO 0 0.0.0 O10 Shrimp, lobsters, etc. , 2 - Total by Danish vessels ....| 379,278] 12] - | By foreign vessels ........ | 65,555] 49 - | Grand total ...........| 444,833] 16] - | [By Danish vessels in British, Swedish, and Dutch ports .... Pond trout production, up 5 percent, did not decline, as had been forecast earlier, Landings by foreign fishing vessels, mostly Swedish, in- creased by one-half because of their ice-blocked harbors, Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1963 p. 86; July 1963 p. 72. KOK KOK OK June 1963 Qty. Value Fresh fish .... Frozen fish.... Processed fish , Fish meal, fish solubles, etc. . 30,600) 28,700 Fish oils 2/.... 1/Record year for quantity and value. 2/Comparative data are available only through April 1963. Note: One Danish krone equals about US$0. 145. Table 1 - Danish Fishery Products Exports to All Countries, January-June 1963 and Change from 1962 Percentage January-December Change from 1962 1/1962 9 3 Total. .... |159,800/278,600 40,307] = fae] > | 3) 302,500|584, 400] 84,738 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 47 FISHERIES EXPORTS, JANUARY-JUNE 1963: Denmark exported record quantities of fishery products during the first half of 1963, especially fresh and frozen fish. The quantity increased 16 percent and the value was up 9 percent from the same period in 1962. Fresh and fro- zen herring, fillets, pond trout, eels, and semipreserved fish products exports showed the greatest gains. West Ger- many, the largest buyer, increased its imports while the United Kingdom, the next largest buyer, bought slightly less. Sweden moved into third place, with substantially greater purchases, displacing the United States whose imports dropped, Table 2 - Value of Danish Fishery Products Exports by Groups and Major Countries, January-June 1963 and Change from 1962 _ Percentage Jan,~ June 1963)Change from 1962 Destination (Valueliin| Value _Kr. | 1,000 % |By Groups: Common Market (EEC) . European Free Trade As- sociation (EFTA).... East Bloc countries ... Other countries... 2 [___Total........... 80,000] 40,600] | Denmark’s fishery products exports to the United States during the first half of 1963 declined 15 percent in quantity land 14 percent in value, Pond trout exports increased about one-fifth despite the severe winter and cod fillets gained slightly. However, exports of lobsters decreased by over ‘one-half due to lower production, and canned sardines dropped 70 percent in value when the United States pack of Maine sardines returned to normal production, West Germany....... United Kingdom...... SWEdeniierti.cclereyoncherere United States........ Exports to secondary markets outside Europe may be ex- pected to increase under a plan proposed by the Foreign Min- ister to set up new Embassies in Algeria and Kenya, and to establish 4 new commercial attache posts and 11 new consul- ar secretaries, according to Danish newspaper reports, + 63,900) 66,400) 9,628 48 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Denmark (Contd.): Table 3 - Danish Fishery Products Exports to the United States by Species and Product, January-June 1963 and Change from 1962 Product higeiihth a) menus] 96 3inboo core tee. | oan aa Vase |“ Gssty Vol. 25, No. 10 January -December Percentage Ey 1962 Metric Tons Change from 1962 969 2/ 58 1 226 Semipreserved: Caviararenencn. . 7 Fish solubles . . Lota Mewentctic: eticiiel ete elite 1/Record year for quantity and value. 2/Exports in 1962 amounted to 100 kgs. and 1,100 kroner. 3/Exports in 1962 amounted to 4,500 kgs. and 10, 300 kroner. 4/There were no exports in 1962. 5/Less than US$1, 000. Source: Preliminary data from Ministry of Fisheries, In 1962, Danish fisheries products were shipped to more than 110 different countries, Exports of some importance in- cluded about 50 categories of fresh and frozen products, 8 salted and dried, 4 smoked, 19 canned, 16 semipreserved, and 4 industrial (fish meal, oil, solubles and ensilage). With foreign markets favorably inclined toward Danish fishery products and with landings running slightly ahead of 1962, record exports for 1963 are probable. Markets for Danish fishery products in Europe are expanding to the extent that United States importers can expect more competition when buying Danish fish. (Regional Fisherieer \ttache for Europe, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, July 24, 1963.) Notes ee Fisheries Review, July 1963 p 72; April 1963 p. 47; January KK OK OK FISHERY EXPORTS TO RUMANIA: Danish exports of fishery products to Rumania increased after a visit of the Danish Fishery Minister to Rumania Rumanian Imports of Fishery Products from Denmark, January-July 1963 and 1962 Jan,~July 1963 Year 1962 ay, [Valued Metric |1,000] US$ |Metric]/1,000] US$ a _Kr, |1,000° 573] 83.1 Frozen herring ... Frozen mackerel. . anned brisling and Bandinestyeeiereucl Total....... 11/One Danish krone equals US$0. 145. about two years ago, The Rumanian Minister responsible for food imports was scheduled to arrive in Denmark ona visit to begin September 10. Rumanian imports of fishery products from Denmark in recent years are shown in the table, Increased trade in fishery products with Rumania is hindered by the lack of Rumanian products which Denmark can use. The available quota for Danish fishery products has not been fully utilized some years, (Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, August 28, 1963.) KOK OK OK OK U.S.S.R. FISHERY MINISTER TO VISIT DENMARK: The Soviet Fishery Minister was expected to visit Denmark and Danish fishery operations for 12 days beginning October 9, 1963. He was repaying the visit of the Danish Fishery Minister to the U.S.S.R. in June 1963. (Re- gional Fisheries Attache for Europe, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, August 28, 1963.) October 1963 Ecuador FISHING INDUSTRY TRENDS, JANUARY-JUNE 1963: Fishery Products Export Value Up in First Half of 1963: Ecuador's fishery prod- ucts exports in June 1963 were valued at US$0.5 million, the same as in the previous month but 66.6 percent higher than May 1963 exports. In the first half of 1963, Ecuador exported fishery products valued at $1.9 million (quan- tity unavailable) as compared with a value of $1.7 million in the same period of 1962 when 5,405 metric tons of fish and fish products were exported. Whaling: A Japanese firm was authorized in June to submit a proposal for a whale- processing plant, according to reports. Fish Protein Concentrate: There is con- siderable exploratory activity by an English firm in the Guayaquil area concerning the production of fish meal for human consump- tion and the establishment of two joint ven- tures in the fish and fish-distribution indus - try. (United States Embassy, Quito, August 8, 1963.) HK Ok Ok ok ok JAPANESE STUDY ESTABLISHMENT OF WHALING ENTERPRISE IN ECUADOR: A large Japanese fishing firm received a 10-year renewable authorization from Ecua- dor's Ministry of Development to establish a land-based installation in Ecuador for the hunting and processing of whales. The un- published authorization (Acuerdo Ministerial 583, dated June 6, 1963), allows two Japanese flag vessels for one year to engage in the hunting of whales, requires employment of 75 percent Ecuadorean personnel in the land operations, imposes a special 1-percent tax the first year, and a 2-percent tax the third year in addition to normal taxes. Reported- ly the Japanese firm is conducting a feasibil- ity study of the project. (United States Em- bassy, August 24, 1963.) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 49 Fiji Islands CONSTRUCTION APPROVED OF JAPANESE COLD-STORAGE PLANT FOR TUNA IN FIJI ISLANDS: A joint Japanese-British cold-storage plant is planned for Levuka, Fiji Islands (British). A Japanese fishing company reportedly was authorized on August 9, 1963, by the Japanese Overseas Investment Liaison Council (Gov- ernment-industry advisory group) to invest its capital in the plant. Construction of the cold-storage plant, which is to be financed with a capital of 270 million yen (US$750,000), is scheduled to begin in September 1963. The plant (with a freezing capacity of 10 tons of fish a day, a cold-storage capacity of 2,000 tons, ice-producing capacity of 25 tons per day, and ice-holding capacity of 200 tons) is expected to be completed by the end of the year. The cold-storage plant will be operated under a cooperative arrangement with the Japan South Pacific Ocean Fishery Coopera- tive, which will operate 30 fishing vessels (including 13 Cooperative-owned vessels) out of Levuka. The Cooperative's annual produc- tion target is 15,000 metric tons of fish, pri- marily tuna. Under present plans, the Japa- nese will purchase 9,000 tons of tuna from the Cooperative, which it will freeze at the Levuka cold-storage plant for export to the United States. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, Au- gust 22; Nihon Suisan Shimbun, August 12, 1963.) France CERTIFICATE OF WHOLESOMENESS FOR IMPORTS OF CERTAIN SHELLFISH NO LONGER REQUIRED: Shipments of sea molluscs and Shellfish (shelled and frozen), when imported into France no longer require the submission of a ''certificate of salubrity'’ but are subject to the formality of control and payment of the sanitary fees. This change in French import regulations was contained ina French de- cree published in the Journal Officiel of May 21, 1963. (United States Embassy, Paris, July 26, 1963.) fe 50 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW German Federal Republic FISH FRESHNESS TESTER TO UNDERGO FURTHER TESTS: A German machine which assesses the freshness of fish electronically is to undergo a series of comprehensive tests at Torry Research Station, Aberdeen, Scotland, the station director announced the latter part of July 1963. The machine has been developed by an electronics firm of Hamburg, and preliminary tests of the prototype were made at Torry during the latter part of last year on limited numbers of cod, herring, whiting, and lemon sole. The re- sult of those tests, when compared with results from other objective methods and with taste panel findings for the same fish, showed promise. In a letter which appeared in Fish Trades Gazette on July 13, however, the Torry Research Station director qualified the statement that had been made by the firm with regard to the tests thus: ‘‘We have not made numerous enough measurements of the freshness of fish using the fish tester to reach a statistically well based estimate of the degree of correlation of the data obtained by this method with those furnished by our taste panel, as well as by objective chemical tests, to warrant the statement made by the above mentioned firm that the fish tester has been successfully tested by Torry Research Sta- tion.’’ Since then the manufacturers have supplied one of the instruments to the Station and it will undergo a comprehen- sive series of further tests during the next few months, The performance of the instrument on whole fish stored in ice will be compared with results obtained by taste panel and from chemical tests; the experiments will at first be con- fined to cod, The fish tester consists of a measuring apparatus con- tained in a metal case and measuring forceps which are connected to the apparatus by a cable and special plug. The measuring apparatus contains a fully transistorized circuit using 24 semiconductor elements (transistors, etc.) which produce the measuring current and evaluates it elec- tronically in such a way that the measured value can be read directly and immediately on the scale of an instrument on the front panel of the metal case, The indicator has a circular scale for each of five im- portant kinds of fish (cod, haddock, coalfish, ocean perch or redfish, and herring), divided into "degrees of freshness." The ‘‘degrees of freshness’’ give the ‘‘freshness’’ of the measured fish in ‘‘reserve ice storage days,’’ i.e. they in- dicate how many days the fish-~-being stored in ice imme- diately after the measurement-~-can be kept in usable con- dition, The scale on top, calibrated linearly from 0 to 100, is to facilitate setting up calibration curves for types of fish other than those named, whose loss of freshness during storage in ice is found to be different and must first be determined empirically, The metal case also contains two six-volt batteries which will last for about six months with daily use and can be ex- changed by lifting off the front panel. The measuring forceps carry a graphite electrode on each end, guided in a metal sleeve and fixed by a clamping screw so as to suit the thickness of the fish to be measured, For ease of use, a carrying case is supplied in which the apparatus can be carried so that the bearer has both hands free and can also read the indicated values on the scale of the instrument, A small pocket is attached to the case to house the forceps. The tests carried out with the fish tester by the West German Federal Research Institute-for Fisheries, Ham- Vol. 25, No.10 burg, proved that the indications of the degree of freshness were in accordance with the chemical and organoleptic state- ments, and that even when by means of certain alterations of storage conditions the proceedings of decay were delayed or accelerated and the kind of fish and, as to herring, also the different fat contents had no influence on the indicated de- gree of freshness. The tests carried out with a fish tester by veterinary surgeons and market commissioners at the daily auctions at the fish markets at Cuxhaven, Hamburg, and Kiel have shown that the instrument indicates exactly the freshness of the fish quite subjectively according to quality. The measuring principle on which the fish tester is based makes use of the fact that a.c, resistance of fish tissue con- tains capacitive components which are conditioned by the properties of the cellular skins. When, during storage of the fish, the fish albumen is removed or decomposed by en- zymes of the fish and by bacterial activity (loss of freshness, advance of decay), the cellular skins consisting mainly of albumen are affected to the same extent and correspondingly lose the properties which contribute the capacitive components to the a.c, resistance of the tissue, The same applies if the cellular skins of the tissue are more or less damaged by mechanical effects (knocks, blows, heavy pressure, etc.) or by ice crystal formation in the tissue on freezing. Thus the tissue changes which occur with decreasing freshness (advancing decay) and mechanical damage are measured by electrical means through the reduction of the capacitive component of the a.c. resistance, Since with nor- mal storage the mechanical effects are only of subsidiary importance, the tissue changes bear an empirically deter- mined, direct and reproducible relationship to the freshness of the fish. (Fish Trades Gazette, August 3, 1963.) REEFER FLEET INCREASES LANDINGS OF FROZEN FISH IN FIRST QUARTER 1963: Landings in Greece of frozen fish by the Greek reefer fleet during the first quarter of 1963 were 36 percent over the same peri- od of 1962. A total of 17 ocean- going fishing vessels with a total yearly capacity of 20,000 tons of frozen fish are currently in operation. This fleet is to be increased by 9 vessels by the end of 1963, and total capacity in 1964 will be 28,000 to 30,000 tons of frozen fish. (United States Embassy, Athens, August 7, 1963.) Greece Honduras SHRIMP FISHERY EXPANDS: The export shellfish industry of Honduras' north coast and Bay Islands continued to ex- pand during the second quarter of 1963. October 1963 Honduras (Contd.) Seven additional shrimp vessels (some of United States registry) moved into shrimp waters in the area around Caratasca. (Unit- ed States Embassy, Tegucigalpa, August 5, 1963.) : Iceland FISHERIES TRENDS, FIRST HALF 1963: Iceland continued to be favored with good fish catches and high export prices during the first half of 1963, But the sum- mer herring catch has been less than half of what it was at the end of July last summer, despite a longer season and ad- ditional vessels. It is probable that the value of exports will decline in succeeding months because of the decline in the summer herring catch. (Note: The period covered by this report does not include the poorer north and east coast sum- mer herring-season since the latter season extends into Sep- tember and is not reflected in statistics covering the first half of 1963.) Excellent fish catches during 1961, 1962, and the first half of 1963 have provided a rapid increase in personal in- come, Exports: Iceland’s increase in exports the first half of this year as compared with the first half of 1962 was attrib- utable primarily to the large increase (30 percent) in herring product exports, which now is Iceland’s highest value export, accounting for over 30 percent of total exports. Exports of frozen herring during the first five months of 1963 amounted to 123.5 million kronur (US$2.8 million), an increase of more than 100 percent over the same period in 1962. Sixty percent of the frozen herring exports went to the Soviet Bloc (70.9 percent in 1962), The value of herring meal exports amounted to 187.1 million kronur ($4.4 million) the first five months, an increase of 60 percent over the same period in 1962, Exports of salted herring, half of which went to the Soviet Bloc, also increased, The value of herring oil exports dropped, how- ever, partially due to a drop in the price received for herring oil during the first five months of 1963 as compared to 1962, Frozen fish fillets, which account for about 25 percent of Iceland’s total exports (28 percent of which go to the Soviet Bloc), amounted to 477.8 million kronur ($11.1 million) for the first five months, a slight decrease compared to last year, Likewise, exports of salted fish (other than herring), which go primarily to Spain and Italy, declined to 128.6 mil- lion kronur ($3.0 million), a drop of 21.2 percent for the first five months of 1963 as compared to that period in 1962, Ex- ports of stockfish, sold primarily to Nigeria, dropped to 67.7 million kronur ($1.6 million), a decrease of 37.0 percent dur- ing the same period, On the other hand, exports of ground- fish on ice (sold mostly to Great Britain) jumped to 85,6 mil- lion kronur ($2.0 million) for the five-months period, an in- crease of 46.7 percent, Reports at the end of July indicate a relatively poor sum- mer herring season in contrast to the exceptional catches of the last two summers. (It should be noted that new electronic equipment for locating the herring was first used in 1961 and 1962 and accounts for the substantial increase in the herring catch those years, It would seem, therefore, that the 1961 and 1962 standard is a fair comparison to indicate a poor season in 1963.) By the end of July, the North and East Coast herring catch was less than 50 percent of what it was at that time last year, despite the fact that the herring sea- son started a month earlier this year, and there is a larger number of vessels fishing. Because of the poorer fishing season a greater proportion of the catch is being salted or frozen, thus the value of the catch may be somewhat higher than indicated merely by a comparison of the quantities COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 51 caught in 1963 and 1962. Nevertheless, the export value of herring products (salted, frozen, fish meal and oil, etc.) will be probably less than last year. In order to fulfill ex- port contracts with eight countries for 394,000 barrels of salted herring, about 430,000 barrels (which includes do- mestic consumption) had to be salted this summer. (By Au- gust 10, 1963, the quantity of herring salted was more than on the same date of the peak year 1962. The quantity sent for reduction was substantially less.) Although the total value of exports changed by only 5 per- cent the first six months of 1963 as compared to that period in 1962, unsold export stocks were considerably higher at the end of June than a year ago. Major shifts in the distribu- tion of exports have occurred, Whereas exports to the United States (Icelands’s largest market) and West Germany (fourth largest) increased 44,2 percent and 11.2 percent respectively, exports to the Soviet Union (Iceland’s second largest market) and Great Britain (third largest) decreased 15.5 percent and 13,0 percent, respectively. The United States’ share of Ice- land’s frozen fish fillet exports increased from 42 percent for the first half of 1962 to 63 percent for the first five months of 1963, Inasmuch as frozen fish fillets now account for 90 percent of Iceland’s exports to the United States, the increase of this export was the main contributor to the large increase of total exports to the United States, Although the share of Iceland’s frozen fish fillets exported to the Soviet Bloc dropped somewhat in the first half of 1963, a contract signed in April to provide the U.S.S.R. with 15,000 metric tons of frozen groundfish before the end of 1963 indicates that exports of that product to the U.S.S.R. will increase during the second half of 1963. Bilateral Trade: Although the Government continues a policy of barter trade with the Soviet Bloc in order to insure a market for a substantial part of Iceland’s fish exports, there continues to be a trend of decreasing trade with that area. In view of the increase in Iceland’s herring exports, a large part of which are sold to the Bloc countries, there ap- pears little likelihood of further decrease in trade with the Bloc unless additional markets for herring products can be developed in the Western countries. On the other hand, the Bloc, because of its own greatly increased herring opera- tions, may soon become self-sufficient in herring products, leaving Iceland without its chief market. and providing for sales to Hungary of frozen fish, herring fish meal, fish oils, wool, sheepskins and hides and for sales to Iceland of iron and steel, sugar, textiles, house- hold utensils, and other goods. A trade protocol between Iceland and Poland covering one year starting October 1, 1963, was concluded July 12. The protocol provides for sales to Poland of salted her- ring, frozen herring, fish meal and oil, salted sheepskins and for sales to Iceland of coal, textiles, chemicals, sugar, lumber, iron and steel products, machinery, tools, house- hold equipment, potatoes and other food products. Negoti- ations are presently under way for the annual trade proto- col with Czechoslovakia. The most important sales contracts concluded with the Bloc during the reporting period were: (1) acontract signed in April between the Freezing Plants Corporation and the Federation of Icelandic Cooperatives on the one hand and a Soviet trade mission on the other, to supply the USSR 15,000 tons of frozen fish fillets (This is the minimum trade level specified in the current protocol.), (2) a con- tract signed in February between the Icelandic Federation of Cooperatives and a Soviet trade mission to supply the USSR with 12,000 metric tons of frozen herring, and (3) a contract concluded in July between the Icelandic State Her- ring Committee and a Soviet trade mission to supply the USSR with 120,000 barrels of salted herring. The above contracts were in accordance with the three-year trade protocol between Iceland and the USSR concluded in De- . cember 1962. (United States Embassy, Reykjavik, August 23, 1963.) 52 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW lran CAVIAR PRODUCTION BY TYPES OF STURGEON, FISCAL YEAR 1962/63: Iran is a principal producer of caviar in the world. In the fiscal year starting August 1962, a total of 210 metric tons of caviar was produced as the season neared to a close. This was an increase of 18 percent from the previous fiscal year's production, and 33.8 percent above the 1957/58 season's produc- tion. Iran's yearly average caviar produc- tion was 170 tons for each year since fiscal year 1957/58. graphic research in the Red Sea. pedition of marine biologists under the direc- tion of a Professor of the Hebrew University spent several weeks in 1956 collecting speci- mens from the Straits of Tiran around the south end of Sinai as far west as El Tur in the Gulf of Suez. the south end of the Red Sea. By agreement with the Government of Ethiopia, the port of Massawa was made available to Israeli ex- peditions studying marine life along the coast of Eritrea. fish were found, and an Israeli trawler fleet employing both Israeli and Ethiopian fisher- Vol. 25, No. 10 A small ex- Later, attention was turned to Considerable resources of edible FY 1960/61 FY 1959/60 FY 1958/59 FY 1957/58 Sturgeon is the most important species caught in Iran's Caspian Sea fishery, fol- lowed by white salmon, white fish, carp, bream, pike, catfish, and herring. The pro- duction season for caviar runs from August to August of the following year because the fishing season for sturgeon begins in that month. Table 2 - Sturgeon Meat Processed for Sale by Iran, Fiscal Year 1962/63 and Comparisons FY 1962/63 | FY1961/62| FY1960/61 | Fy1959/60 FY 1958/59 | B 6. .b.a.0 0) 0No,-oFon0, ONO (MetrichTons) Pewee 1,491 The amount of sturgeon meat processed for sale has increased steadily from 1,107 tons in fiscal year 1958/59 to 1,700 tons in 1962/63 (table 2), according to the United States Embassy, Tehran, July 17, 1963. Israel OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH IN THE RED SEA: Since the opening to Israeli shipping of the Straits of Tiran which join the Gulf of Aqaba to the Red Sea, major efforts have been devoted to developing the city of Hilat and to promoting Israeli shipping to the East via that port. A significant effort has also been made to establish Israeli oceano- men is reported to have been operating suc- cessfully for the last six years in the vicinity of Massawa. SAUD! ARABIA m 10 5 —F ' SL BRITISH 34 > ISOMALI LAND! © Pres, pe ew ETHIOPIA of =e 1 5- pene ae rp cor Ex BQ) 45 The first of what is expected to be aseries of major international expeditions to the Red Sea under Israeli leadership was staged in April and May 1962. Operating again from the port of Massawa with logistic support furnished by the Ethiopian Navy, the 1962 expedition included 15 scientists from four nations (Israel, the United States, the Nether - lands, and Ethiopia), and collected a rich October 1963 Israel (Contd.): harvest of specimens of fish, marine plants and birds. The analysis of this collection is still under way. A larger and more ambitious expedition is being planned for the fall of 1964. It is hoped that the number of scientists can be expanded to about 30, and that the United States and other nations will again be well represented. Negotiations are under way with the Govern- ment of Ethiopia to renew the cooperative arrangement with the Ethiopian Navy which existed at the time of the 1962 expedition. The tentative budget for expenses (exclu- sive of salaries) in the 1964 expedition is 1h150,000 (US$50,000). Of this, If45,000 ($15,000) has already been pledged by the Israeli Academy of Arts and Sciences, and additional sums are being sought from the Ministries of Agriculture and of Development. A proposal has also been submitted by a Pro- fessor of the Tel Aviv University to the Of- fice of Naval Research for an extension of an existing contract to permit payment of some of the expedition expenses. The expedition's organizers are receiving numerous proposals from scientists in Israel and abroad for participation in the 1964 ex- pedition. These are now being evaluated and coordinated with plans for the much larger- scale Indian Ocean Expedition. A summary outline of the objectives and techniques of the 1964 Red Sea expedition will be published later this year. Very small and inadequate facilities for marine biological research in Eilat have been constructed and used by the professors of Tel Aviv University and the Professor of the Hebrew University. About a year ago, Hebrew University officials drafted a plan for a much more substantial laboratory fa- cility, costing $200,000 to $250,000 and in- cluding space for 4 or 5 laboratories and for auxiliary services. This expanded Marine Station would provide an excellent home base for the 1964 expedition, and would also be used on a continuing basis by Israeli and for- eign scientists working in the Gulf of Aqaba. Efforts to raise the money needed for this installation include a proposal now being evaluated by the National Science Foundation. (United States Embassy, Tel Aviv, August 20, 1963.) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 53 Japan FROZEN TUNA EXPORT MARKET IMPROVES: The Japanese frozen tuna export market was reported in mid-August 1963, to be show- ing signs of recovery. Latest available price information indicates that frozen round alba- core are Selling at $370 a short ton c.i.f, and frozen gilled-and- gutted yellowfin at price of $335 a short ton c.i.f. Reportedly, those are prevailing market prices for shipments to the United States directly from Japan proper and for Atlantic Ocean transshipments. Japanese press reports show that in late June and early July, Japanese exporters con- cluded agreements to deliver (in late July and in August), approximately 3,000 short tons of frozen round albacore at f.o.b. prices of $270- 280 a short ton. However, due to the sharp recovery of the export tuna market, the Japa- nese exporting firms have not been meeting their commitments since they would stand to lose $60-80 a short ton on their deliveries. One large exporter is said to have already cancelled its agreement to deliver 800 short tons of frozen albacore to a large American tuna packer. Some firms are said to be seek- ing adjustments so that the original agree- ments entered into when prices were low would more closely reflect actual changes in market conditions. (Suisan Tsushin, August 15 and 21, 1963.) Kok Kk OK JAPANESE MINISTER PLANS TO DISCUSS UNITED STATES TARIFF ON CANNED TUNA: The Japanese Minister of Forestry and Agriculture, who was scheduled to attend the Japan-Canada Ministerial Economic Confer- ence in Canada on September 25-26, 1963, planned to visit the United States after that conference. Reportedly, the Minister planned to discuss with United States officials the mat- ter of the United States tariff on canned tuna in brine and the present method of assessing duties on that product. Japanese canned tuna canners are con- cerned over the low United States pack of canned tuna in 1963 because this will result ina smaller quantity of foreign-produced canned tuna in brine that can be admitted in 1964 into the United States at the lower duty rate of 124 percent ad valorem. Under the present United States tariff structure, an ad 54 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Japan (Contd.): valorem duty of 124 percent is assessed on canned tuna in brine imports amounting to 20 percent of the total United States domestic production for the previous calendar year. Imports exceeding that amount are dutiable at 25 percent ad valorem. Japanese packers are said to be seeking arrangements through their Government whereby some adjustment can be worked out for 1964 imports only. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, August 23, 1963.) HK OOK OK OK OK LARGE INCREASE EXPECTED IN OVERSEAS TUNA OPERATIONS: The Japanese Fisheries Agency, which is planning on strengthening the management of Japan's distant-water fisheries, is reported to be making a study of those fisheries onthe basis that there will be a large increase in the numbers of Japanese tuna vessels opera- ting outof overseas bases. Figures projected Number of Japanese Tuna Vessels Expected to be Operating Out of Overseas Bases in Fiscal Year 1964 FY 1964 FY 1962 - « « (No. Vessels)... Pacific Ocean: Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides Is. Noumea, New Caledonia Levuka, Fiji Is Penang, Malaya CeylonWieem.tteikemonenenre by the Fisheries Agency for Fiscal Year 1964 (April 1964-March 1965), are shown in the table. For comparative purposes, the dis- position of the Japanese tuna fleet in FY 1962 (April 1962-March 1963), is shown. (Shin Suisan Shimbun Sokuho, August 17, 1963.) He OOK 8 OK OK NEW PORTABLE-VESSEL-CARRYING TUNA MOTHERSHIP COMPLETED: The 2,800-ton Class 2 portable-vessel- carrying tuna mothership Kaikei Maru No. 58 was delivered to her Japanese owners in August 1963. The vessel is the first of its kind to be built from keel up as a Class 2 tuna mothership. As a Class 2 tuna mother- ship (vessel over 2,000 tons gross), she can- not engage directly in fishing, but will deck- carry six 20-ton portable vessels (each pow- ered with a 90-horsepower engine and car- rying a crew of 12) to do the actual fishing. Vol. 25, No.10 Specifications of the tuna mothership: length 321.4 feet, beam 48.5 feet, gross tonnage 2,801 tons, main engine 2,400 hp., cold-stor- age capacity 2,300 metric tons, crew 144, and 6 portable fishing boats. The vessel was scheduled to depart for the Atlantic Ocean on August 28, and will operate out of Las Palmas, Canary Islands, for a two- year period. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, August 22, 1963.) 7% OK OK OK OK UNIVERSITY TO STUDY RELATION BETWEEN SEA BIRDS AND TUNA MIGRATIONS: The Tokai University Fisheries Research Laboratory (Shizuoka, Japan) is conducting a study to determine the relationship of the mi- gratory habits of sea birds to tuna migrations off the coast of Japan. The Laboratory plans to undertake this project by conducting bird- tagging experiments on the island of Hachijo located south of Tokyo. (Suisan Keizai Shim- bun, August 21, 1963.) % OK OK OK SALMON MOTHERSHIP FLEET ATTAINS NORTH PACIFIC QUOTA FOR 1963: The 1963 North Pacific salmon season, which began officially on May 15, 1963, ended on August 1, with 11 Japanese mothership fleets having taken a total of 46,287 metric tonsl! of salmon of all species. This was the allowable catch quota set for Area A of convention waters by the Northwest Pacific Fisheries Commission (U.S.S.R.-Japan) for Japanese mothership operations. The over-all salmon quota for Area A in 1963 was set at 57,000 metric tons (2,000 tons more than in 1962) on April 4, 1963, when the Commission reached an agreement on Japan's salmon quota for that year. The Commission sets the annual Soviet and Japanese catch quota for salmon and king crab in the North- west Pacific Ocean. The number of vessels (11 salmon mother - ships and 369 catcher vessels) permitted to operate in the North Pacific salmon fishery in 1963 was the same as in 1962. (United States Embassy, Tokyo, August 9, 1963.) 1/Editor's Note: This is believed to be the share of the 57, 000- ton quota assigned to the mothership fleet. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1963 p. 58 KOK Ok Ok OK October 1963 Japan (Contd.): BOTTOMFISH FISHING FLEETS IN BERING SEA REPORT POOR FISHING: The 19 Japanese bottomfish fishing fleets licensed in 1963, to operate inthe Bering Sea report poor fishing and are expected to end their operations inthe red. As of early July, they were reported to have met only 51 per- cent (137,500 metric tons) of their combined total catch target of 267,880 metric tons. Their combined total catches as of early July are estimated as follows: halibut 9,000 met- ric tons; sablefish 14,000 tons; cod 7,500 tons; flatfish 44,000 tons; rockfish 6,000 tons; Alaska pollock 26,000 tons; herring 10,000 tons; and shrimp 21,000 metric tons. Ex- cept for herring and shrimp, fishing is re- ported to be poor for the other species. On the other hand, the four trawlers li- censed to operate on an experimental basis in the summer of 1963 in the eastern North Pacific Ocean south of the Aleutian Islands and the Alaska Peninsula reported good fish- ing into July. Over 60 percent of their catch- es were reported made up of ocean perch, which are highly prized, and shrimp (Panda- lus species) taken off the British Columbia coast. The shrimp reportedly has an ex-ves- sel market value of 600,000 yen per metric ton (US$0.76 a pound) in Japan. Reportedly, the trial fishing conducted by the four Japanese trawlers in the eastern North Pacific Ocean clearly indicated that full-scale commercial fishing operations are feasible. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, July 30, 1963.) 2K OOK OK ok OK KING CRAB FLEETS IN BRISTOL BAY REPORT POOR FISHING: The Japanese king crab fleets operating in Bristol Bay report poor fishing. As of July 23, 1963, the Tokei Maru (5,385 gross tons) was reported to have packed 66,500 cases (target--120,000 cases) and the Dai- nichi Maru (5,858 gross tons) 76,300 cases (target--115,000 cases), Catch-per-unit of effort of the Tokei Maru was 8.9 crabs per tan (shackle) and the Dainichi Maru 9.9 crabs per tan. Their net-soaking time is said to have increased and the crabs were reported to be running smaller in size this year. As a result of poor fishing, the two Japanese king crab fleets were expected to extend COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 55 their operations a month longer than anti- cipated. Tokei Mam, Japanese crab factoryship. The decline in king crab catch is attributed in part to greater fishing intensity. In addi- tion to the two Japanese crab fleets, three Russian king crab fleets were reported to have operated in the Bristol Bay area. The Russian crab fleets are said to have also op- erated in the Gulf of Alaska waters. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, July 25, 1963, and other sources.) se ke ote oe ook Seis oee tee SHRIMP FISHING IN GULF OF ALASKA: Japanese trawlers exploring the fisheries resources of the Gulf of Alaska are making excellent catches of shrimp near Kodiak Is- land, according to the Alaska Regional Di- rector of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Catches of about ten tons of shrimp per day are being made by two Japa- nese trawlers operating 20 to 50 miles off the southwest tip of Kodiak Island. The catch- es reportedly consist of large pink shrimp with good quantities of the larger sidestripe variety. Observations in late August and early Sep- tember by a U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory vessel have confirmed reports that considerable numbers of king crabs and lesser amounts of halibut are also caught in the trawl nets taking shrimp. Pro- visions of the license issued each vessel by the Japanese Fisheries Agency require all king crab, halibut, and salmon taken to be re- turned to the sea. A U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries scientist is making obser- vations of catches and handling techniques aboard one of the two Japanese trawlers. 56 Japan (Contd.): Canada has an observer aboard the other trawler. The Japanese ''exploratory'' operations (using four vessels) in the Gulf of Alaska have been under way since last April. The United States and Canadian observers are to gather information on the effect of the Japa- nese fishing upon halibut stocks, of prime importance to the United States and Canada. Since operations began in early spring, fish- eries specialists of both the United States and Canada have provided continual observa- tion aboard the Japanese ships. The explora- tory operations in the Gulf of Alaska were scheduled to terminate October 31. KOK OK KOK PLANNING COMMITTEE ESTABLISHED FOR TRIPARTITE NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES CONVENTION: The Japan Fishery Association on July 11, 1963, established a committee named the Planning Committee for the Tripartite Fish- eries Convention'' with terms of reference to (1) study the text of the Japanese draft treaty with reference to its effect on Japan's fish- ery, (2) study the effect of abrogation of the present treaty on foreign trade in exports of fish and fish products to the United States, and (3) study the effects of the United States and Canadian proposals for revision of the Tripartite (Japan, Canada, and United States) Treaty on the Japanese fishery. The Committee held its first organization- al meeting on July 15, and was scheduled to conduct meetings at weekly or ten-day inter- vals. Experts from the various fields of the fishing industry were to be invited to express their views on the topics under study. (Fish- ery Attache, United States Embassy, Tokyo, August 6, 1963.) 2K OK ok Ok ATLANTIC TRAWLERS MAY FISH HAKE: The large Japanese fishing companies op- erating stern trawlers in the Atlantic Ocean are reported showing considerable interest in fishing hake, primarily for export to Eu- rope and Africa. Those vessels have been concentrating on fishing squid, octopus, and sea bream. One firm is already reported to have contracted to deliver 3,000 metric tons of hake to Spain in 1963. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 10 A trial shipment of frozen hake shipped to Japan reportedly sold for the following prices: round 75,000 yen a metric ton (US$0.095 a Ib.), dressed 100,000 yen a ton ($0.126 a lb.), fillet 150,000 yen a ton ($0.189 a lb.). Prices paid for the trial shipment are said to have even surprised the Japanese firms which introduced the species to Japan. Re- portedly, since hake belong to the cod family and since cod are not highly prized in Japan, there was some concern regarding consumer acceptance. However, the sales results were gratifying. Opinion is that, with some pro- motion, a market for hake can be developed in Japan also. (Minato Shimbun, August 15 and July 26, 1963.) OK OK OK Ok JAPAN-COMMUNIST CHINA FISHERIES AGREEMENT: There appeared a press report in August 1963 that a private Japanese fisheries mis- sion is expected to go to Communist China in October to negotiate a new Japan-Communist China fisheries agreement to replace the ex- pired 1955 agreement. That agreement, a- mong other things, guaranteed the safe opera- tion of Japanese fishing boats in the East China Sea, e.g. taking refuge in Communist Chinese ports in cases of emergency, the sup- ply of water and food, etc. At the end of August 1963 there was in Japan an eight-man fisheries delegation headed by the Vice-Chairman of the Chinese Fisheries Association. The group arrived August 14 and was scheduled to stay about three weeks. The visit was in return for the visit to Communist China last January of a Japanese group headed by the Chairman of the Board of a large Japanese fishing compa- ny. (United States Embassy, Tokyo, August 26, 1963.) OK OK OK OK EXPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS TO THE UNITED STATES, 1962, AND APPLICABLE UNITED STATES IMPORT DUTIES: Japanese exports of fishery products to the United States in 1962 were valued at US$104.9 million. The general declines since 1934 in United States tariff rates on fishery products imported into the United States from Japan are shown in the table on the following page. October 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 57 Japan (Contd.): Japanese Exports of Fishery Products to the United States, 1962 (By United States Import Commodity Descriptions, with Comparative United States Tariff Rates in 1963 and 1934) Quantity Value ! Tariff July 1, 1934? ” 1963 tariff EDIBLE PRODUCTS Frog legs, fresh, chilled, or frozen- Frog legs, prepared or preserved Fresh water trout, not elsewhere Fresh water n.e.s. and blue pike, fresh or Eels, fresh or frozen_. Salm. --} 5 percent. 12 percent. 0.5 conte per pound. $1, 354, 647 | 10 percent ad valorem_ 7, 638 | 20 percent ad valorem_. 747, 447 Mackerel, frozen__ Sturgeon, fresh or Swordfish, frozen- Shad, fresh or froze! Fish, n.e.s., fresh or | Smelts, fresh or frozen -_ Albacore, whole, fresh or 5 Albacore, n.e.s., fresh or frozen, not cooked Yellowfin, etc., whole, fresh or frozen, not Is Yellowfin, etc., gilled and gutted, fresh or frozen, n Yellowfin, etc., filleted, fresh or frozen, not cooked Yellowfin, etc., gilled and gutted, heads, tails remo Do. Yellowfin, etc., n.e.s., fresh or frozen, not cooked. Do. Skipjack tuna, fresh or frozen, not cooked__----- Do. ‘Tuna, not elsewhere specified, fresh or frozen, not cook Do. Cod, filleted, fresh or frozen_.-------------.--------- 1.875 cents per pound and 24 cents per pound.’ Swordfish, filleted, fresh or frozen--------. 1,5 cents per pound. Halibut and salmon, filleted, fresh or froze! 7 Do. Yellow pike filleted, fresh or frozen__----- 4,023 Do.- Fresh wate fish except yellow pike, 4 Flounders, filleted, fresh, or frozen Do. cent per pound. 1 1.5 cents per pound. IS , etc., 0.2 cent per pound. Shark fins, dried and unsalted_- 0.53 cent per pound. Fish, n.e.s., dried and unsalte: 0.3125 cents per pound. Sardines in oi], not skinned or boned—over 18, not over 23 20 percent. cents per pound. Sardines in oil, not skinned or boned—over 23, not over 30 |----..-------------- 15 percent. cents per pound. Seas jin oil, not skinned or boned—over 30 cents per pound, |-------------------- 12.5 percent. smoked. Sardines in oil, not skinned or boned—over 30 cents per pound.-|-------------------- 990, 15 percent, Sardines in oil, skinned or boned—over 30 cents pet pound. 24 percent. Anchovies in oil, valued over 9 cents per poun 12 percent, White meat tunafish in oi], canned_ 35 percent: a 0. 5 15 percent, Smoked pollock in oil, valued at over 9 cents per pound. Do. Fish in oil, n.e.s., over 9 cents per pound- 25.6 percent. 15 percent ad valorem, 12.5 percent.? Dos 3 percent. 6.25 percent.3 12.5 perenne 0.3 Salmon, not in oil, in airtight containers. Canned albacore in brine_ Canned tuna in brine, n.e. Fish cakes, balls, and pudding, not in oil, airtight. Herring, smoked or kippered or in tomato sauce. Bonito in brine, in airtight containers. Fish, n.e.s., in airtight containers_ Salmon, pickled or salted____.__ 8.5 percent. Cod, haddock, etc., pickled, salted, skinned or boned. 7, 825 | 2 cents per pound.-_. 0.75 cent per pound. Herring, pickled or salted, in containers, not over 10 pounds, net 30 $118 | 1 cent per pound__ 0.14 cent per pound.’ Herring, pickled or salted, in containers, over 10 pounds net---- 250 2183 foen as doe eros 0.1 cent per pound.? Mackerel Aipickied or salted, bulk or containers, over 15 pounds.- 6, 500 Co Ee | eee 0.2 cent per pound. Fish, Pi led, salted, n.s.p.f., bulk or containers, over 15 118, 759 54,547 # 1% cents per pound__. 1% cents per pound. pounds. Fish, pickled, salted, n.s.p.f., in containers, not over 15 pounds-- 1, 500 801 | 25 percent ad valorem--_. 26 percent. Salmon, smoked or kippered, n.¢.s----------_--------------- 122 420)|2a0—8 doen 10 percent. Cod, etc., filleted, smoked or kippered 288 110 | 3 cents per pound_ 0.5 cent per pound. Fish, smoked or kippered, n.s.p.f_---------- 600 200 | 25 percent ad valorem_ 6.25 percent. Fish, n.e.s., in containers, not over 15 pounds. a 26, 596 23, 905 |----. dos 12.5 percent.3 Dacor, ate and disks, prepared, n.e.s., bulk or containers, 1, 630, 638 669, 423 | 114 cents per pound. 1 cent per pound. not over 15 pounds. Tuna, doing enalGiks, n.e.s., prepared, bulk or containers, not |______-------------- 8, 566, 867 3, 117, 844 | 114 cents per pound__________ lcent per pound. over 15 poun: Frozen blocks or slabs, uncooked fish bits, etc. 34, 800 Do. Other prepared or preserved fish_ 277, 862 Do. Fish paste and fish sauce____ 22, 8 percent. Fish roe, n.s.p.f., not boiled__ 25, 517 4cents per pound. Fish roe, n.e.s., for food, boiled, 2, 883 5.5 percent. Crabmeat, etc., fresh or frozen______---..---- 206, 300 15 percent. Crabmeat, etc., prepared in airtight containers. 3, 441, 854 22.5 percent. Oysters, etc., in airtight containers_____ 2,777, 969 6 cents per pound, Oysters, smoked, in airtight containers 1, 402, 155 4.5 cents per pound. Other oysters, etc., in airtight containers_ 3, 109, 862 6 cents per pound. Razor clams, canned. 1,428 7.5 percent. Clams, n.e.s__--___ 1, 354, 180 Free. Clam chowder and 5, 441 17.5 percent. Roch lobster tails---.------.-- 299, 647 Free. Other fresh or frozen lobsters- 47, 144 Do. bsters, canned 914 Do. Turtles_ 20 Do. Clams, b 358, 083 Do. Shrimps and prawns. 1, 468, 230 Do. Headless shrimp, fresh or frozen 91, 369 Do. Peeled and deveined shrimp, fro: 1, 281, 491 Do. Shrimp and prawns, n.e.s__--- 1, 080, 953 Do. Scallops, fresh, frozen, end prep: 82,576 Do. Oysters fresh or frozen, not in airtigh' 94, 228 Do. Oysters, n not in airtight containers. Do. Abalone__ Do. Shellfish, n.s.p. Do. Shellfish pastes Do. Total, edible_. (Table continued on next page.) 58 Japan (Contd.): (By United States Import Commodity Descriptions, Unit NONEDIBLE PRODUCTS Kelp eens Coral, marine, uncut and unmanufactured_ Fish scrap except fertilizer_______. Whale bone, unmanufs iy Shells, mother of pearl and trocus, unmanufactured_—..-. Shells, n.8.p.f., unmanufactured _ Rishisolubles2=-=sSesnseaaneee Halibut liver ofl, advanced-._ Fish oils and fish liver oils, n.e.s,, advanced__.. Agar-Agar.___-. Spermaceti wa: Pearl essence. - Buttons, fresh water, Buttons, ocean pear] she! Natural pearls and Cultured pearls and par' Reptile and sharkskin, leather, n.e Luggage, leather, fitted with travel sets, etc Luggage, reptile, not fitted _.________. Purses, billfolds, etc., leather, reptile_.. Leather manufactures, n.e.s., reptile__ pele ete., cut, engraved, ornamented or otherwise manufac- ured. Manufactures of shell and mother-of-pear]__. Moss, sea grass, etc., dyed, manufactured, Whale oil, sperm, crude. ‘1 or shell. are Total, nonedible. Grand totalitcceecstasssscccenase noes saee meee ses semen an | pee aan nae 2/Cuban rate not shown, 3/In act correspondence with tariff schedule. kK OK OK Ok COMMUNIST CHINESE FISHERIES DELEGATION EXPECTED: According to a July 30, 1963, press report (Asahi Evening News), an eight-member fish- eries delegation was expected to arrive in Japan from Communist China on or about August 10 for the purpose of attempting to work out a fisheries agreement with the Japan- China Fisheries Council. The Communist Chinese delegation, which was coming at the invitation of the Council and the Japan-China Friendship Society, was scheduled to be in Japan for about three weeks. During their visit they were to inspect fishery facilities, particularly those located in Kyushu. Ac- cording to the press article, the chairman of the Council and leader of a fisheries mission to Communist China in January 1963, prom- ised that a private agreement on fishery re- lations would be signed before the end of 1963, The Fisheries Agency of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry corroborated the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Japanese Exports of Fishery Products to the United States, 1962 with Comparative United States Tariff Rates in 1963 and 1934) (Contd.) "5, 208, 777 1/The dollar value is defined generally as the market value in the foreign country, freight, and marine insurance. Figures not checked by Tariff Commission. The figures do not include 66, 082,000 pounds of tuna received from the Canal Zone, Trinidad, Sierra Leone, Senegal, Ghana, Canary Islands, Ivory Coast, and the Fiji Islands. It is understood that these imports consist entirely or almost entirely of tuna landed in these countries by Japanese fishing vessels for shipment to the United States. 4/On American selling price. Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Note: Quantities are shown in pounds unless otherwise indicated. Vol. 25, No. 10 Quantity Value! Tariff July 1, 1934 2 1963 tariff -} 0.47 cent per pound. Free. do. 10 percent plus 3 cents per pound. 072 | 25 percen' 1.75 cents plus 25 percent__ 0. 3 percent. 5 percent. 10 percents 0. 17.5 percent. 14 percent. 0. 17.5 percent. Do 228, 22 percent. 3, 563, 470 0.065 cent per pound, 27, 397, 771 104, 910, 670 excluding U. S. import duties, ocean press report, disclaimed any involvement in the visit or any knowledge of what a fisher- ies agreement resulting from the visit might contain, and expressed concern that the visit might further complicate the Japan-Republi of Korea fisheries negotiations. ok ok ok Ok FIRM CONTRACTS WITH A UNITED STATES SHIPYARD FOR CONSTRUCTION OF FOUR TRAWLERS: A Tokyo fishing firm earlier this year con- tracted with a Rockport, Texas, shipyard for the construction of four 62-foot steel shrimp trawlers. As of August 1963 all four vessels were under construction. Completion of the vessels is scheduled for January 1964. Ne- gotiations will then be opened to contract for three additional vessels to be delivered in March 1964, The trawlers are of American design, will be fitted with American manu- factured equipment, and will probably operate in the shrimp fishery off the Guianas. OK KOK OK October 1963 Japan (Contd.): LOAN POLICY TO BE LIBERALIZED TO PROMOTE FOREIGN INVESTMENT: In accordance with the Japanese Govern- ment's policy of promoting export trade, the Japan Export-Import Bank (Government-op- erated) is reported to have decided to in- crease the amount of loans obtainable for overseas investment. Under this new policy, which was scheduled to go into effect begin- ning September 1963, Government loans available for investment abroad will be dras- tically increased from the present limit of 50 percent to a maximum of 70 percent, with interest rates on loans ranging from 5.5-8.0 percent, compared with the current flat rate of 7 percent. By liberalizing loans, the Bank hopes to facilitate Japanese plant exports and promote investments abroad. Up to now, financial activities of the Bank were primarily centered around extension of long-term loans to Japanese exporters of manufactured products. However, with the progress of industrialization in underdevel- oped countries, the Government is becoming increasingly aware of the fact that Japan's trade with those countries can no longer rely only upon export of manufactured products. Besides, the United States and European countries are exerting greater efforts toward promoting trade with underdeveloped nations through investment activities. Thus, the Jap- anese Finance Ministry and the Bank have reached the conclusion that the establishment of Japanese corporations and joint ventures abroad are becoming just as important as ex- ports of merchandise. Current Government loan conditions for overseas investments are very stringent compared with those applicable to exporters (who can obtain up to 80-percent Government loans at 4-percent interest, payable in 15 years) and importers (who can borrow up to 70-percent from the Government at 6.5 per- cent interest, payable in 5 years). The re- laxation of loan conditions for overseas in- vestments will permit borrowers to obtain Government loans at interest rates of 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, and 8.0 percent. Favorable loans for overseas investment will be granted for joint commercial ventures incases where: (1) the majority of the facilities and raw ma- terial (semifinished products), are to be pro- cured from Japan; (2) exports of Japanese parts can be expected to follow on a continu- ing basis; and (3) there are prospects of reg- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 59 ularly remitting profits to Japan. Loans for the purchase of foreign corporation stocks (which heretofore were not authorized by the Bank) will, under the new policy, become ob- tainable at interest rates of 7.5-8.0 percent, since the Government feels that foreign cor- porations in many cases can serve as founda- tions from which to broaden markets for Jap- anese products and to extend Japanese com- mercial activities into foreign countries. (Nihon Keizai Shimbun, August 21, 1963.) HOOK OK OK OK IMPORTATION OF SPANISH-CAUGHT FISH OPPOSED BY JAPANESE TRAWLERS ASSOCIATION: The announcement that a large Japanese firm is planning to import into Japan frozen fish caught by Spanish trawlers operating out of Las Palmas, Canary Islands, is said to have disturbed the Japanese Overseas Trawl- ers Association. The members are large fishing companies operating stern trawlers in the Atlantic Ocean. The Association claims that the importation of foreign-caught frozen fish (mainly ''monko'' squid, sea bream, and octopus) would disrupt the operations of the 30 or so large Japanese stern trawlers al- ready operating in the vicinity of the Canary Islands. The Association is expected to start a campaign against their importation. Earlier press reports indicated that the Japanese firm concluded a five-year contract with a Spanish fishing company located at Las Palmas to purchase 6,000 metric tons of fish annually from about forty 150-ton Spanish trawlers. As replacement for the Awazu Maru (8,500 gross tons) which is presently serving as a floating freezership and purchas- ing fish from the Spanish trawlers at Las Palmas, that company planned to dispatch in late August the 8,000-ton mothership Otsu Maru. (Minato Shimbun, August 11; Suisan Keizai Shimbun, August 13, 1963.) ee ATTEMPTS TO DEVELOP FISHING INDUSTRY IN RED SEA: A German expert in fisheries from the University of Kiel submitted a report in 1962 on the possibilities of improving the Jordan- ian fishing industry at Aqaba. This study was made as part of the German technical assist- Jordan 60 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Jordan (Contd.): ance program to Jordan. The report recom- mended the purchase of modern fishing boats and equipment and the training of Jordanians in the use of those boats and equipment. Jordan is now negotiating with a Swedish firm to obtain technical and financial help in carrying out the recommendations of this re- port. The Government of Sweden has been asked to provide financial assistance in the development of the industry. The consump- tion of fresh fish in Jordan has risen from 161 tons in 1955 to685 tons in 1961. The Government is also pursuing the question of fishing rights through diplomatic channels with the countries that border the Red Sea. (United States Embassy, Amman, July 24, 1963.) Se Republic of Korea FOREIGN EXCHANGE TO BE AUTHORIZED FOR FISHING VESSELS UNDER ITALIAN-FRENCH CONTRACT: The Government of the Republic of Korea intends to allocate the exchange within the required time limit in order to avoid invali- dating the Italian-French-Korean contract to supply Korea with a large number of fishing vessels. A Fisheries Development Corpora- tion has been organized to handle the pro- gram, according to reports the latter part of July. The corporation was expected to be legally registered and inaugurated before the end of July 1963. Indicative of increasing public recognition of the continuing drawdown of foreign ex- change reserves, there were rumors in July that the Korean Government might find it necessary to forego paying the US$4.4 mil- lion installment due towards the latter part of that month on credit for fishing vessels, thereby forfeiting $1.1 million already paid to a Franco-Italian consortium of shipbuild- ers and equipment manufacturers. The Eco- nomic Planning Board has been reported espe- cially concerned about the allocation of such a large amount and the Ministry of Agricul- ture and Forestry equally concerned lest de- ferral of payment terminate the entire contract. In January 1963, six Italian businessmen and two French representatives signed a Vol. 25, No. 10 contract with the Government of the Republic of Korea to supply Korea with 159 modern fish- ing vessels valued at about $58 million. The Italian group will provide about $26 million of equipment including marine motors and other machinery. The French firm will sup- ply equipment valued at about $32 million, in- cluding the vessel hulls and equipment. TK OOK OK OK OK CANNED SAURY SOLD TO BURMA: The Republic of Korea is reported to have sold a total of 5,000 cases (1-lb. talls) of can- ned saury to the Burmese Government pur- chasing agency under a new trade agreement concluded with Burma. Reportedly, the sale was contracted at a price of 38 shillings 8 pence (US$5.41) a case f.o.b. Korea, which is 4 shillings 7 pence ($0.64) below the price Japan received for the most recent delivery of canned saury to Burma. The Korea-Burma contract originally called for shipment of 10,000 cases, but the quantity was reduced to 5,000 cases since Korea was unable to export that amount. (Suisan Tsushin, August 22, 1963.) 4 gp Oe | Mauritania COMMERCIAL FISHING INDUSTRY TO BE EXPANDED: Because of a lack of large-scale port and processing facilities, Mauritania (northwest | coast of Africa) has profited very little from the productive all-year fishing grounds offits northern coast, a part of which are claimed as territorial waters. An estimated 250,000 metric tons of fishare caughtinthose grounds each year by other fishing nations including Japan. Fishery experts estimate that the grounds could yield up to 350,000 tons with- out any fear of depletion of the resource. Although Mauritania's commercial fishery has been largely undeveloped up to the pres- ent, it is now entering a stage of intensive de- velopment with strong support from the Gov- ernment. A total of US$5.6 million in public and private investments at Port-Etienne (northernmost port) has already been com- mitted. Facilities planned for Mauritania's fishing industry include a shipyard for con- struction of small vessels (one 40-foot trawl- er has already been launched), wharf, refrig- erated fish market, freezing plant, pilot can- October 1963 Mauritania (Contd.): nery, a drying and salting facility, and a fish- meal plant. A Canary Islands group will base 20 trawlers at Port-Etienne, and while oper- ating, will train local people as seamen and technicians. By 1967, the fishery complex is scheduled to be handling 100,000 tons annually of fresh fish, with a commercial value of $12 million. Mauritania's share, in products and income from the 2,500 jobs the industry will create, is estimated at $3.2 to $3.6 million. This will make fishing Mauritania's second most important industry, ranking next to the MIFERMA iron mines (which are scheduled to yield Mauritania some $8 million annually upon reaching full production in 1970). Off Mauritania's coast, roughly between Port-Etienne and Cap Arguin, is a broad continental shelf beneath approximately 100,000 square kilometers of one of the world's important commercial fishing areas. In that area, mineral salt-laden southbound cold currents and northbound warm currents combine with the shallow depths to form breeding and feeding grounds richin plankton for enormous quantities of species such as dorado, sole, courbine, octopus, umbrine, mullet, halibut, merou, tuna, sardines, and lobsters. Those fishing grounds are already under profitable year-round exploitation. Some 250,000 tons of fish are caught annually by an international high-seas fishing fleet of French, Polish, Italian, Japanese, and Span- ish vessels. Peruvian trawlers have also been reported, as well as Greek and Portu- guese. The largest new exploiters are the Canary Islands Spaniards. Studies conducted by French Government scientific organizations for the Mauritanian Government have established that the annual catch could be increased to 350,000 tons with- out harm. To protect the spawning grounds from destructive overtrawling, Mauritania has already closed off the Bay of Levrier (the large inlet in which Port-Etienne is lo- cated) to commercial fishing operations. Although Mauritania cannot completely en- force this ban for the time being, it has ad- vanced a claim for extension of its terri- torial waters to a limit of 12 miles, the inner 6 of which are off-limits for trawling. That step was taken to protect the spawning COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 61 beds and to guarantee its future share of the proceeds from this important resource. Only about 15,000 tons of fish is landed in Mauritania for processing. It is processed at Port-Etienne into about 3,500 tons of dried and salted fish by two firms, using hand meth- ods on a small scale to produce a modest out- put for both home and foreign (mostly West African) consumption. Processing on that small scale has been going on since 1923, al- though plans for its development into a major industry date back to 1931. The reasons given for Mauritania's present limited fishing industry are that fish process- ing on the scale potentially possible requires not only port, canning, and freezing facilities which do not yet exist, but also large quan- tities of water at low cost, which up to early 1963 have been nonexistent. A hint of the future of Port-Etienne as a flourishing fishing port and the potential of the Mauritanian fishing industry is the al- ready accomplished fact of a completed ship- yard, which in February 1963 launched its first vessel, which was built entirely at Port- Etienne and flying the Mauritanian ensign. Independence of the Nation, and the com- pletion of the iron ore port at Port-Etienne for shipping out that product have radically modified the fish-processing and port instal- lations picture at Port-Etienne. First, press- ed by the new responsibilities of independence to develop all possible resources, the Mauri- tanian Government has extended the tax and import duty benefits of its investment-en- couragement law to the fisheries industry. Second, now a city of some 5,000, Port- Etienne could no longer depend on imported fresh water or expensive desalinized sea wa- ter; prospecting by technicians discovered natural fresh water 80 kilometers from Port- Etienne, sufficient not only for human needs but at least temporarily adequate for indus- trial use. The result of these developments is the $600,000 shipyard which will employ 400 Mauritanians at peak production, and firm commitments from private and public sources of another $5 million for development of the port and of the entire fishing industry. The projects which are planned, their sources, and the amounts involved are: 1, By a French combine; $1.2 million in private investments for a freezing plant with 62 Mauritania (Contd.): a 1,500-ton storage capacity and a daily freez- ing capacity of 75 tons. Work was scheduled to begin in the second half of 1963, and to be completed by early 1964. 2, By a second French consortium, utiliz- ing a loan of $2.88 million advanced by the Common Market development finance organi- zation FEDOM: An 800-foot fishing wharf, fish market area, and refrigeration system capable of handling by 1966, 30,000 to 40,000 tons of fresh fish annually. The French con- sortium will also undertake European dis- tribution of a part of the Port-Etienne prod- ucts. 3. By a Canary Islands fisheries opera- tors group: $1 million in investments for a pilot cannery, an advanced drying and salting facility with a 2,000-ton annual capacity, and a fish-meal plant (the latter to convert into saleable products the 70,000 tons of non- marketable fish now pulled up annually in the trawls only to be thrown back into the sea). Further, the Spaniards are to base a fleet of 20 trawlers at Port-Etienne, and to train Mauritanians aboard them as sailors and technicians, The latest estimates were that by 1967, the projected fisheries complex will be han- dling 100,000 tons of fresh fish annually (compared to the present 15,000), processed into 10,000 tons of frozen whole fish, 15,000 tons of frozen fillets, 7,500 tons of salted dried fish, 11,000 tons of fish meal, and 500 tons of lobsters, most of it destined for Euro- pean markets. (United States Embassy, Nouakchott, July 8, 1963.) Morocco CANNED FISH INDUSTRY TRENDS, SECOND QUARTER 1963: The second quarter of the year marks the beginning of the annual fishing season in Mo- rocco, In general the fish seemed to be biting and there was general satisfaction with the size of the catch. In June 1963, French dockers refused to unload frozen Moroccan sardines because of the abundant catches in French waters. The same thing occurred last year, and the French COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No.10 and Moroccan Governments agreed this year that Moroccan exports would be suspended from July 15 to September 15. Moroccan plants began operations earlier than usual this year in order to get the fish to France before the deadline. Unfortunately the sar- dines arrived early off the coast of France. As a result, Moroccan exports of frozen sar- dines were suspended July 5, and fish plants ceased operations the end of June. The season for exports of canned fish ended on May 31. Although definite figures are not yet available, it seems that there was no significant improvement in exports over last season. Canned tuna exports, however, did increase substantially (229,122 cases at the end of February against 163,584 last sea~ son). Since there is a good market for tuna, Morocco is planning to increase its production still further. There was talk during the sec- ond quarter of 1963 of modernizing the fish- ing fleet, particularly by the addition of larger boats to fish tuna. Although yards exist in Casablanca where such boats could be built, the delivery time is so long that early in July an order for several boats was placed in Nor- way. (United States Embassy, Rabat, August 2, 1963.) Norway COD FISHERY TRENDS, JANUARY 1-JUNE 22, 1963: The 1963 season's total landings of mature and young cod in Norway during January 1- June 22, 1963, amounted to 91,728 metrictons, compared with 99,488 tons for the same peri- od last year and 136,984 tons in the same pe- riod of 1961. Of the 1963 landings, 51,007 tons were Sold for drying, 10,330 tons for salting, 22,436 tons for filleting, and 7,955 tons for sale fresh. The season's fishery also yielded 4,460 hectoliters (415 metric tons) of cod-liver oil and 35,761 hectoliters (3,326 tons) of salted, fresh, and canned cod roe. The Finnmark young cod fishery ended on June 22. The total landings of the Finnmark young cod fishery reached 35,495 tons against 31,218 tons in 1962, (Fisket Gang, June 27, 1963.) 7 RK OK OK October 1963 Norway (Contd.): EXPORTS OF CANNED FISH, JANUARY 1-JUNE 22, 1963: Norway's total exports of canned fish Jan- uary 1-June 22, 1963, were 10.3 percent less than in the same period of 1962. The decline affected all of Norway's principal canned fish products. Norwegian Exports of Principal Canned Fish Products, January 1 - June 22, 1962-63 41/1963 1962 -(Metric Tons) . 2, 304 2,393 6, 427 6,543 1,534 2, 422 473 575 202 221 1,585 1,709 740 920 1/Preliminary. This year, the small sild canning season epened on May 2. The small sild pack dur- ing May 2-July 20, 1963, amounted to 152,853 standard cases, down 34.2 percent from the pack of 232,147 cases in the same period of 1962. The brisling packing season began June 4, 1963. By July 20, 1963, a total of 198,381 standard cases of canned brisling had been packed, a decline of 11.2 percent from the pack of 220,522 cases in the comparable pe- riod of the previous year. Brisling quality has been excellent this season. (Norwegian Canners Export Journal, August 1963. KKK KX CNLY FOUR EXPEDITIONS FOR ANTARCTIC WHALING IN 1963/64 SEASON: The Norwegian press reports that Norway will send four whaling expeditions to the Ant- arctic in the 1963/64 season. The ships are Thorshovdi, Thorshavet, Kosmos IV, and Sir James Clark Ross, and they have the entire Norwegian quota of 2,800 blue-whale units. The decision to send Thorshovdi to the Ant- arctic was taken after the owners had failed to obtain Government permission to sell the modern factoryship to a syndicate of Japa- nese whaling operators. The Japanese had offered US$1.7 million for the ship, but were primarily interested in the quota of 400 blue- whale units which would have gone with it. The Japanese have already purchased the 1 ritish ship Southern Harvester, bringing their share of the Antarctic quota up from COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 63 41 to 46 percent, and Thorshovdi's 4 percent quota would have given them a dominant share of 50 percent. Though there appears to be general agree- ment that Norway's days as a leading whaling nation are over, the Government is concerned to preserve Norway's proportionate share of the Antarctic quota to minimize unemployment problems for whaling crewmen who are now too old to adapt to other types of work. The whaling community of Sandefjord has seen the handwriting on the wall for some years, and the major whaling firms have been diversify - ing their industrial interests. (United States Embassy, Oslo, August 19, 1963.) Panama SPINY LOBSTER INDUSTRY TRENDS: During 1962, Panama's fishermen on the Pacific side of the Isthmus were paid from 25 to 30 cents a pound for spiny lobsters (with heads on). In the Bocas del Toro area (Carib- bean side of the Isthmus), fishermen were re- portedly paid an average of $1.50 per dozen spiny lobsters (with heads on), There are no official statistics on the to- tal catch of spiny lobsters in the Republic of~ Panama. During 1962, the total spiny lobster catch in all Panamanian waters was about 105,000 pounds, according to an estimate by the Panamanian Ministry of Agriculture, Commerce and Industries. There are no official export statistics on lobsters. The same official estimates that about 50 percent of the catch was exported during 1962, the majority to the United States. (United States Embassy, Panama, August 23, 1963.) i Peru FISH MEAL INDUSTRY FACES PROBLEMS: Within the past several spring and summer months, the Peruvian fish-meal industry en- tered a difficult period. Overproduction, re- stricted quotas, increased costs and taxation, and a lack of discipline within the industry all have contributed. Many operators are short of working capital and local banks as of early 64 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Peru (Contd.): August 1963 were refusing credit, except for fish meal which can be sold immediately un- der the Peruvian quota. Many companies face imminent bankruptcy and it has been charged that deliberate efforts are being made by some large established producers to "break" newer and smaller enterprises. Practically all companies are overextended and numerous cases of nonpayment of debts have been reported, During July 1963, the local association of shipyard owners and the fishermen's union requested Government assistance on an urgent basis to prevent the fish-meal and collateral industries from collapsing. It has been charged that for- eign interests are gaining control of the industry. A number of United States companies presently are engaged in the fishing industry in Peru. At least five United States firms have interests in Peruvian fishery plants. (United States Embassy, Lima, August 8, 1963.) South Africa Republic JAPANESE VESSEL UNLOADS TUNA AT EAST COAST PORT: Nearly 200 tons of frozen tuna, valued at about R34,000 (US$47,400), were discharged in Durban in June 1963 from the Japanese long-line fishing vessel Nanryu Maru. This was the first of what is expected to become a regular succession of similar cargoes. The fish was to be loaded into cargo ships with refrigerated space and taken to Japan. The tuna, deep frozen on the fishing ves- sel, attracted considerable attention as it was lifted out of the hold and moved by fork- lift trucks to a cold-storage warehouse. Watching the discharge of the fish (which included yellowfin, big-eyed, and albacore or longfin tuna as well as swordfish and some shark fins and tails) was the representative of the Japanese fishing firm which owned the vessel. He said that the transshipment of fish from Durban was in the nature of an ex- periment. Other fishing craft would also bring their catches to Durban this winter and if the scheme for transshipping them to Ja- pan was successful it would become a regu- Vol. 25, No.10 lar feature of the tuna season in the Indian Ocean off southern Madagascar. In the past, he said, fishing vessels had carried their catches from the tuna grounds all the way back to Japan. Consequently they were each able to make only two trips a season. By bringing the fish to Durhan, the vessels would be able to spend at least twice as long as pre- | viously on the fishing grounds. As of mid-1963 there were only 2 vessels working off Madagascar, but 4 others were fitting out in Japan to come to those waters to fish when the season reached its height. Tuna fishing off Madagascar was reported not good and the Nanryu Maru had taken near- ly twice as long as normal to fill her holds. But fishing was expected to improve as the season progressed. Most of the tuna caught off Madagascar is destined for the canneries of the subsidiary of the Japanese firm which owns the vessel. The shark fins and tails will be sold to Chinese buyers. The next consignment of fish was not expected to reach Durban until late July or early August 1963. (The South African Shipping News and Fishing Industry Review, July 1963.) OK OK OK PILCHARD-MAASBANKER FISHERY, JANUARY -MAY 1963: The catch of the pilchard-maasbanker fish- ery off the Cape west coast of South Africa Republic in the first 5 months of 1963 was 299,251 short tons pilchards, 12,460 tons ma- asbanker, and 14,634 tons mackerel; a total of 326,345 tons. By the end of May last year 396,779 tons pilchards, 52,405 tons maasbank- er, and 19,287 tons mackerel had been caught; a total of 468,471 tons. At the end of May 1961 the total catch was 419,422 tons and for the same period in 1960 it was 284,941 tons. According to figures released by the Di- vision of Sea Fisheries, the May 1963 catch was 61,012 tons pilchards, 4,787 tons maas- banker, and no mackerel. This compares with 43,123 tons pilchards, 46,884 tons maas- banker, and 3,732 tons mackerel in May last year; and with 60,205 tons pilchards, 14,362 tons maasbanker, and 1,986 tons mackerel in May 1961. The May 1963 catch yielded 15,253 short tons fish meal, 1,315,114 imperial gallons October 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 65 South Africa Republic (Contd.): fish body oil, 1,246,632 pounds canned pil- chards, and 383,760 pounds canned maas- banker. During May, the pilchard industry at Wal- vis Bay, South-West Africa, caught 80,759 short tons and the 1963 season total to the end of May was 195,304 tons. (The South African Shipping News and Fishing Industry Review, July 1963.) : sk sk se ke sky ok) ok FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION OF SOUTH AFRICA TO EXPAND: Far-reaching plans to enlarge the Fisheries Devel- opment Corporation of South Africa Ltd, and to extend its activities into two more important fields--fishing harbors and resource development work~-~are indicated by the appointment in July 1963 of a new general manager for the Corporation. Formed in 1944 under Section Two of the Fishing In- dustry Development Act, the Corporation was created as a semipublic body with halJf its capital of R2 million (al- most US$2.8 million) subscribed by the State. In its history of nearly 20 years the Corporation has played a substantial part in the development of the inshore fishing industry, assisting in the financing of new factories, in housing projects, and in the purchase of fishing craft, It has also helped the South African Division of Sea Fish- eries in the financing of research vessels and laboratories, and it now moves into an important new phase by taking over the planning, building, and possibly, at a later date, the ad- ministration of fishing harbors along the South African coast. This arrangement will at last bring near to an end the system under which the already heavily burdened Division of Sea Fisheries had to watch over harbors paid for by the Department of Commerce and Industries but designed and built by another agency, The Division of Sea Fisheries will continue at present to administer the harbors, but the work of planning and building will now be taken on by a team of engineers employed by the Corporation. In addition to its responsibility for harbors, the Corpora- tion will now also embark on resource development work, leaving the research section of the Division of Sea Fisheries to concentrate on its long-term conservation research work, The Corporation in its resource development work would focus particularly on spreading the South African catching effort over more species of fish, Work would be done on finding the best possible gear and methods for tuna fishing, and early efforts would be made to find out if shrimp and anchovies (known to be in Southern African waters) could be caught commercially, From announcements of harbor projects made in May and June, the harbor section of the Corporation is going to be very busy for years to come. Starting from the Berg River, the following are some of the projects planned: A channel is to be cut through from the sea to the Berg River estuary between Laaiplek and the sandbar-choked river mouth, This will open the calm reaches of the river to dozens of large pilchard boats and will also enable catches to be dis- cer een right alongside the Laaiplek factory of Marine Prod- ucts Ltd. Two or three sites are being considered for the placing of a harbor on the southern coast of St. Helena Bay. This har- bor will provide a shelter for many of the boats serving the factories in the area, Improved facilities are being considered for fishing boats in Saldanha Bay. The largest of all the harbor projects will be in Table Bay where a new fishing harbor is to be built at a cost of about R10 million ($13.9 million), Model tests are now being car- ried out so that the most suitable site may be selected and this may well be in the Woodstock Beach-Paarden Eiland area of the Table Bay coast, Extensions, costing about Rl million ($1.4 million) at Hout Bay, will include lengthening the present breakwater, building a new breakwater out from the beach north of the jetty, and the construction of a slipway and repair quay. Repair slipways are to be built at Hermanus and at Kalk Bay. Gansbaai harbor, which has become too small for the growing fishing industry of the town, is to be greatly enlarged at an estimated cost of R1 million ($1.4 million), To further encourage the development of the fishing in- dustry on the Cape south-west coast, investigations will be made into the possibility of building a new harbor at Stilbaai, south of Morris Point. (The South African Shipping News and Fish- ing Industry Review, July 1963.) 7K OK OK OK 3K NEW AUTOMATED FISH MEAL PLANT: In January 1963, what is thought to be the most modern, compact, and highly automated fish~meal processing factory of its size in the world, started operations at Gansbaai in the Cape Province of the South Africa Republic, This new plant can handle 20 short tons of raw fish an hour, Building took over five months and the equipment of the plant (most of it of South African manufacture) took four months, Gansbaai is a small village which lies in a reasonably protected bay very near Danger Point. It is 107 miles from Cape Town and 20 miles from the fishing town and holiday resort of Hermanus, and its economy is based on fishing and fish processing. The village’s harbor is already be- coming too shallow and small for the large shoal fishing boats now using it, The nearest railhead to Gansbaai is at Bot River, about 50 miles away by road, From there all requirements for the factory and the bagged fish meal and tankers of fish oil are carried to and from the factory by vehicles of the Road Motor Services of the South African Railways and Harbours. The large trucks and trailers are a common sight on the roads in the area, At present the road is tarred only as far as Hermanus but work is in progress to tar the road the whole way to Gansbaai, Nine boats operate for the factory. Seven of them were built last year in a Cape Town shipyard and the remaining two are fairly new ex-West Coast boats. Incoming boats with their catches come alongside a con- crete quay to be discharged, The jetty is built on reclaimed land, and the catch is discharged by a pump, From the pump the fish are turned out onto a dewatering elevator, constructed of open wire mesh and metal plates, to enable the catch to be drained of water, The elevator (which comprises a conveyor belt operating at an angle of about 45 degrees) was built by personnel from the factory. This elevator raises the catch to a height of about 25 feet to the batch weigher. Water falling from the dewatering elevator is collected in troughs which run beneath it and is passed into a storage tank for re-circulation in the system, Solids with the water are separated and returned to the batches of fish. Waste and odor are reduced to a minimum, 66 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW South Africa Republic (Contd.): From the dewatering elevator, the fish enter the surge hopper and then the weighing hopper, and are finally dis- charged into one of six large concrete holding bins, While in the weighing hopper the fish batches are weighed by a large scale capable of registering up to 2,000 pounds at a time. From the scale, the fish are conveyed to the bins by means of a screw conveyor and then another conveyor, The total capacity of the holding bins is 800 tons, From the holding bins, the fish are screw-conveyed through a gate in the bin wall (the bin in which the fish have been lying for the longest time is emptied first) to a collector conveyor and then into elevating screw conveyors which feed surge hoppers which in turn feed the two continuous screw indirect cookers, When the mass of fish has been cooked in the cookers, it is screw-conveyed to one of the two presses where it is de- watered. (The South African Shipping News and Fishing In- dustry Review, July 1963.) South-West Africa FISHING INDUSTRY STATUS: Fishing in South African waters has shown a marked increase in importance during recent years, a fact which is highlighted by the increasing numbers of foreign vessels seen to be operating off the coast of Southern Africa, states a report on the South~ and South-West African Fishing In- dustry published in the July 1963 ‘‘Barclays Trade Re- view.’’ The report points out: The first census ever conducted by the Bureau of Statistics of South Africa’s fishing industry brought fresh attention to the magnitude and importance of that industry to the country’s economy, The census relates to the 1961 financial year, A total of 3,882 fishing craft were included in the sur- vey, More than two-thirds of these were rowing and sail- ing boats, the remainder were 702 motor boats, 69 motor trawlers, and 223 ‘‘other’’ craft (including dinghies with outboard motors), Catch: A total of 1,030,331 long tons of fish worth R19.7 million (US$27.6 million) were caught during 1961. A little less than one-third of the total catch came from South-West African waters. Processing factories took the greater portion of the fish caught (nearly 88 percent) with the remainder going chiefly to the wholesale fish trade, and a little direct to the retailers, Statistics relating to the value of fish caught during the period under review have been analyzed by the Bureau into inshore (75 percent of the total catch) and offshore catches, the former being further subdivided according to the various types of fish caught. On the basis of value, pilchard, maasbanker, and mackerel (all inshore fish) formed the major portion of the total catch, with a valuation of R6.5 million ($9.1 million), followed by spiny or rock lobster worth R5.2 million ($7.3 million) and snoek valued at a little over RO.5 million ($700,000). It may be of interest to note that sharks caught during the period were valued at R29,359 ($41,000), Labor; The fishing industry in South Africa and South-West Africa provided employment for a total of 10,503 persons during the period under review. Of that total, some 2,036 were casual employees only, while a Vol. 25, No. 10 further 4,039 were contract workers (persons who had contracted to operate boats belonging to the owners and to deliver the catch at a stipulated price per ton), The total number of employees was made up of 1,991 whites; 6,495 colored; 1,993 Bantu; and 24 Asiatics. Salaries and wages paid to those employees amounted to R4.7 million ($6.6 million) in all. Whites earned R1.8 million ($2.6 million); colored R2,.6 million ($3.6 million); Bantu R260,000 ($364,000); and Asiatics a little over R7,000 ($9,800), Apart from cash, employees received payments in kind valued at R310,000 ($434,000), This total included the value of fish and other stores given to regular and cas- ual employees as well as provisions required by trawlers and other boats, Finances: The survey reveals that total assets of the fishing industry in South Africa and South-West Africa amounted to R11.1 million ($15.5 million) in the period under review. Expenditure for the census year amounted to some R17.5 million ($24.5 million), while income totaled R20,4 million ($28.6 million), giving a profit of R2.9 mil- lion ($4.1 million) on fishing operations of which some R2.1 million ($2.9 million) accrued to South African op- erators, New capital expenditure in the census year is esti- mated at a little over R2.5 million ($3.5 million), The report also discloses that fishing boats and trawlers cur- rently operate from 22 harbors in South Africa and from Luderitz and Walvis Bay in South-West Africa, Other Nations Interested in Fishing Grounds off South Africa: Five foreign countries have already shown in- terest in the rich fishing grounds off South Africa's west coast, They have sent their trawlers and research vessels to the Cape to see what that part of the South Atlantic has. to offer, The Russians were the first to arrive in 1961, _ They have brought with them floating factories and are said to be taking everything they can find out of the sea, They were followed by the Japanese. Early this year the Spaniards arrived, followed by the Belgians. In June Israel sent a research trawler to the Cape with a prom- ise that they would be back next year to fish. This might be only the beginning, for according to the head of a local fishing firm who has just returned from Europe, the Germans, the Dutch, the Scandinavians, and the British have ideas of going south, for they know that off South Africa’s west coast they can supplement their present catches in the North Sea, the Barents Sea, and off Newfoundland, Realizing the threat to the local industry, the South African Government has defined by law the territorial waters and the fishing zones of the Republic and South- West Africa, The Territorial Waters Act, recently promulgated but not yet proclaimed law, extends the ter- ritorial waters of South Africa and South-West Africa from 3 to 6 miles, It also provides for a fishing zone extending 12 miles from the shore (including South-West Africa), in which the Government will exercise the same rights and the powers as it does in the 6 miles terri- torial zone, The Government’s decision to extend the breadth of South Africa’s territorial waters to 6 miles and its fish- ing zone to 12 miles, is a unilateral action, There ap- pears to be no reason why other countries should not recognize the 12 mile zone off South African shores, but whether South Africa can determine the fishing limits off South-West Africa is another matter, There is a chance that some foreign country may dispute the right of South Africa to determine the offshore limits of a mandated territory. Another consideration here is the enforcement ability of the small South African Navy, which must cover 2,800 October 1963 South Africa Republic and South-West Africa (Contd.): miles of coastline (including the 966-mile South-West Africa coast) with 4 antisubmarine frigates, 12 smaller minesweepers, and a dozen smaller patrol craft. Some local sources have indicated that the enforcement prob- lem is one reason for delaying proclamation of the new limits, (United States Consulate, Cape Town, August 13, 1963. Hee aimer comand TRS ST RT SSS 40, South-West Africa TUNA FISHING PLANNED: Full-scale commercial tuna fishing (in addition to trawling for bottomfish) is to be started within the next year at Walvis Bay, South-West Africa. Negotiations are now under way with the harbor authorities to ac- quire ground within the harbor precincts for the erection of cold-storage facilities to han- dle up to 20,000 tons of fish. The plan is to export the tuna and white fish. This year the same group that is planning to fish tuna and bottomfish was awarded an additional pilchard quota of 5,000 tons to process pilchard fillets for export in frozen form. To catch the extra quota of pilchards, the white fish, and the tuna, the group is planning a big fleet expansion program. Two boats will be built to catch the tuna and the extra pilchard quota. The plan is to construct a stern trawler for white fish. (The South African Shipping News and Fishing Industry Review, July 1963.) Tahiti JAPANESE FIRM EXPLORING PROSPECTS OF TUNA BASE: The prospects of establishing a tuna fish- ing base at Tahiti, Society Islands (French), is the purpose of a visit to that Island by the chief of the fishing department of a large Jap- anese fishing company. According to earlier press reports, the firm initially submitted an application in spring 1962, to construct in Tahiti a tuna base (complete with large freez- ing facilities), together with a large United States tuna packer and a French firm. Re- portedly, the proposal was looked upon fa- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 67 vorably by the Japanese Government and Ta- hitian authorities, but approval was not grant- ed by the French Government in Paris. (Shin Suisan Shimbun Sokuho, August 21, 1963, and other sources.) U.S.S.R. EIGHT FISH FACTORYSHIPS ORDERED FROM WEST GERMAN SHIPYARD: The Government -owned shipyard at Kiel, German Federal Republic, has received from the U.S.S.R. an order for eight floating fish factories with a tonnage of approximately 17,000 tons deadweight each. The total value of the order is DM 250 million (US$62.5 mil- lion). According to several German period- icals of August 28, the contract for the order was signed in Moscow on August 26 following lengthy negotiations initiated in January 1963 and interrupted several times. Reportedly, the factoryships will be pro- pelled by Diesel engines with a capacity of 5,700 hp., permitting a speed of 14 knots, They will be equipped with fish processing, preservation, refrigeration, and canning plants for the production of various fish products in- cluding fish meal and fish oil. The U.S.S.R. hopes to double its fish catch once these fac- toryships are operating at full blast. Delivery is scheduled for 1965 and 1966. (United States Embassy, Bonn, August 29, 1963.) fit United Arab Republic INTEREST IN FISHING INDUSTRY GROWS: At the present time, according to figures attributed to the Marine Wealth Organization, 60 percent of the fish eaten in Egypt is the product of inland lakes, while the Mediter- ranean and Red Sea coasts supply only 18 per- cent. To help correct this imbalance, the Egyptian General Marine Wealth Organization is planning a modern fishing fleet of 50 45- ton vessels, all of which will be built in Unit- ed Arab Republic (UAR) shipyards. The fleet would be expected to catch 4,750 metric tons of fish yearly, thereby saving LE4 million (US$9.2 million) presently being spent on fish imports. The Organization also reports the signing of an agreement to form a joint Sudanese-UAR 68 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW United Arab Republic (Contd.): fishing company and the prospects of forming a joint Yemeni-UAR fishing company. The UAR-Sudanese company will outfit a fleet to fish in Sudanese territorial waters and will establish canning, drying, and packing plants at Port Sudan. Under the proposed UAR- Yemeni agreement, a whole fishing industry would be established. (United States Embas- sy, Cairo, August 24, 1963.) United Kingdom LARGE FISHING FIRM ACCEPTS ONE OF LAST CONVENTIONAL TRAWLERS: A new distant-water trawler, the Stella Sirius, expected to be one of the last conven- tional trawlers to be built by her owners, sailed from Hull, England, on July 20, 1963, on her maiden voyage. The owners of the vessel, a large British fishing firm, announced that the completion of the sister ship Stella Altair before the end of summer would con- clude the firm's current interest in conven- tional trawler building. All future vessels, some already designed, will represent in- teresting new developments in stern trawling and freezing at sea. Stella Sirius is the second distant-water trawler to be completed for the British firm Vol. 25, No.10 this year and the fifth in 16 months. She will be operated out of Hull by a subsidiary com- pany of the owners. The new vessel, built by a Selby shipyard, is the second of that yard's vessels to incor- porate the German "bang bang'' type flying gear on the gallows. Launched on March 12, 1963, her completion followed within four months of launching. The Stella Sirius has been built to Lloyds class 100 Al specification. Her combined welded-rivetted construction embodies the latest methods of unit prefabrication. The design incorporates a flush deck, flat-bar keel, cruiser stern, flared cruiser bow, and bar stem of clipper form. The three-tier midship deckhouse structure has a forward raking wheelhouse front. Main dimensions are: 175'0'' between perpendiculars, 194'9'' over-all length, 32'6"' moulded breadth, and 16'9'' moulded depth. Cabin accommodation for a crew of 25 has been arranged. She has a fishhold of 17,500 cu.ft. capacity. It is insulated throughout. All shelf boards and division boards, fixed wing bulkheads, and stanchions are of aluminium alloy. Much of the space is close-shelved. A 4-cylinder, automatic, electrically-driven refrigerator compressor is fitted in the engineroom for fish-hold cooling. October 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 69 United Kingdom (Contd.): through system of power transmission to the "Nikalium'' propeller. The engine is fresh- Propulsion is by an 8-cylinder, direct re- | water cooled. Two auxiliary engine sets are versing 4-stroke Diesel engine. Supercharged provided. She is equipped with the latest and intercooledit develops 1,600 s. hp. (cont.) | electronic instruments. at 265 r.p.m. utilizing a conventional straight - THE TWELVE SEAS OF THE SOVIET UNION The shores of the Soviet Union are washed by a unique variety of seas; they range from the fully marine, such as the Barents Sea, to brackish waters like the Sea of Azov,inwhich the salt content is onlya third that of normal seawater; from oceanic, arctic seas to semitropical, landlocked ones such as the Caspian or the Black Sea. In depth, the smallest may average only about 30 feet, the largest(Bering) has depths of over 15,400 feet or nearly three miles. The Barents Sea, well knownto British fishermen, has bottom temperatures of less than 32° F. and aconsiderable ice-cover during winter. In the Black Sea the bottom temperatures do not fall much below 48° F., even in winter, although the northern coastline ices up. Both the temperature and the salt content play a decisive role in the distribution of animals and plants, and the great variety of conditions among the twelve seas ensures that no two of them are alike as to their vegetation or animal life. Great fisheries take place in all the seas and a Moscow fish shop would display canned plaice from the White Sea alongside canned Azov anchovies, or jellied stur- geon from the Caspian, and pink salmoncaviar from the Far East, besides a variety of fresh-water fish. Since the mid-18th century, many expeditions have visited all those seas, and it can be fairly stated that the Russians have made a tremendous effort to investigate their own marine environment and fishery resources. Soviet publications dealing with all aspects of the science of their seas probably number more than 10,000. A great wealth of information on the marine floraandfauna, their distribution and abun- dance, commercial fisheries, physical and chemical oceanography, and marine geology has been amassed. The twelve seas are divided into three natural groups--the Northern Seas (Bar- ents, White, Kara, Laptev, Chukotsk, and Baltic Seas), the Southern Seas (the land- locked Black, Caspian, and AralSeas, andthe Sea of Azov), andthe Far Eastern Seas (the Bering Sea and the Seas of Japan and Okhotsk). A fascinating recent aspect of Soviet marine biology has beenthe transplanation and acclimatization in different seas, particularly the southern ones, of marine fishes, and of some of their bottom-living food animals, and evenof the microscopic vegeta - tion on which these latter feed. Some of the seas pose particularly interesting problems. Forinstance, there has been a general warming-up in Arctic regions over the past 40 years, present tem- peratures standing some 9 degrees higher than those of the period 1916-1920. This brought about great changes in the flora and fauna of the Barents Sea, and in fact heralded the return of the one-time cod fishery to the BearIslandbanks. (The Fishing News, British fishery periodical, July 26, 1963.) Sa 70 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Said Department of Commerce AREA REDEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION ''CLAMCHIP"' FIRM TO GET LOAN: n industrial loan of $213,200 for produc- ing a new fishery product--''clamchip''--has been approved by the Area Redevelopment Administration (ARA), The ARA loan was made to the Chesapeake Clamchip Corpora- tion of Cambridge, Md. Total cost of the new project to establish facilities for the manu- facture of ''clamchips"' will be $328,000. In addition to the 4-percent 15-year ARA loan, the National Bank of Cambridge will make a loan of $60,000, the State will provide $16,400, and the applicant $22,000 as equity. The funds will be used to buy and improve land, con- struct a building, and purchase machinery and equipment for producing ''clamchips."' Twenty - seven workers will be employed at the new plant. eave e <5 ®, “* “era” Department of Commerce and Department of the Interior POLICY DEVELOPED TO PREVENT HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION DAMAGE TO FISH AND WILDLIFE: A joint policy of coordinated planning de- signed to protect and enhance fish and wild- life habitat at Federal-aid highway projects, was announced on August 26, 1963, by Secre- tary of Commerce, Luther H. Hodges and Sec- retaryof the Interior, Stewart L. Udall. Meth- ods for implementing the policy were worked out by the U. S. Bureau of Public Roads and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Secretaries Hodges and Udall said the joint policy recognizes that in order to achieve maximum effectiveness in the expenditure of public funds and at the same time protect wild- /~, FEDERAL @ co ¢ ACTIONS 3 Vol. 25, No. 10 life, close coordination and cooperation are required in the planning and construction of highways which have an effect upon fish and wildlife preservation programs. In addition to national cooperation, the success of the joint policy also will require mutual coopera- tion of State highway departments and State fish and wildlife agencies, the Secretaries said, The joint policy requires that State highway departments supply to State fish and wildlife agencies advance plans for Federal- aid highway development programs. It will be the responsibility of the State fish and wild- life agencies to review the highway programs and make recommendations on ways to de- velop highway projects which will be compat- ible with fish and wildlife habitat. The policy is implemented through a U.S. Bureau of Public Roads Regulation which re- quires that by January 1, 1964, each State, in requesting Department of Commerce approv- al for the use of Federal-aid highway funds, must certify that it has given consideration to the effects of the proposed highway project on fish and wildlife resources, The certifica- tion from the State also will specify what ac- tions it proposes to take in a highway con- struction project to protect fish and wildlife habitat. In the event a State highway depart- ment declines to accept State fish and wild- life recommendations on any projects, the recommendations--along with the reasons for declining acceptance-must be sent tothe U.S. Bureau of Public Roads for consideration. The joint policy was worked out after meetings with members of Congress who were seeking coordination of the Federal-aid high- way and fish and wildlife preservation pro- grams. October 1963 Department of the Interior FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE ‘BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES NEW AND AMENDED FEDERAL STANDARDS FOR GRADES OF FISH STICKS AND FISH PORTIONS: Voluntary standards for grades of (a) fro- zen fried fish sticks, (2) frozen fried fish por- tions, and (3) frozen raw breaded fish sticks were announced in the August 31, 1963, Fed- eral Register and became effective 30 days” from this date. The latter two standards are the first issued by the Department of the In- terior prescribing Government standards for those specific commodities. The proposed standard for frozen fried fish sticks is an a- mendment to the standard previously pro- mulgated in the Federal Register, Septem - ber 1, 1960. The voluntary standards were unchanged from the proposed voluntary stand- ards published in the May 22, 1963, Federal Register. (See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1963 p. 100, All of the standards include product and grade descriptions as well as a method of determining the grade which involves factors of quality such as flavor, odor, appearance, character, and absence of defects. The stand- ards also contain definitions and methods of analysis, and tolerances for certification of officially drawn samples. The products coveredby the proposed stand- ards are partially defined as follows: 1, Frozen fried fish sticks weighupto and including 13 ounces; are at least 2-inch thick, and their largest dimension is at least 3 times the next largest dimension. Frozen fried fish sticks contain notless than 60 per- cent, by weight, of fish meat. All sticks in an individual package are prepared from the meat of one species of fish. 2. Frozen fried fish portions weigh more than 13 ounces and are at least 3-inch thick, Frozen fried fish portions contain not less than 65 percent, by weight, of fish meat. All portions in an individual package are pre- pared from the meat of one species of fish. 3. Frozen raw breaded fish sticks weigh up to and including 13 ounces; are at least 3-inch thick; and their largest dimension is at least 3 times the next largest dimension. Frozen raw breaded fish sticks contain not less than 72 percent, by weight, of fish meat. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 71 All sticks in an individual package are pre- pared from the meat of one species of fish. Currently there are 14 fishery products standards. Promulgation of the two new standards (frozen fried fish portions and frozen raw breaded fish sticks) completes the standardization of 95 percent of the prod- ucts produced from fish fillet blocks. A proposed revision of the standard for raw breaded fish portions was published in the Federal Register, August 16, 1963. United States District Courts COURT RULINGS DIFFER ON EMPLOYMENT STATUS OF FISHER- MEN FOR FEDERAL TAX PURPOSES: The emp oyment status of fishermen ona "lay or share" basis for employment tax purposes has been the subject of a number of litigation cases which are to be determined by the Federal courts. Varying interpreta- tions of the law have led to confusion in the fishing industry, In an attempt at uniformity, several fishing industry members have chal- lenged the Internal Revenue Service in Fed- eral courts throughout the country, For the most part, the courts have held that fisher- men are not employees, but independent con- tractors for employment tax purposes. The meaning of that court ruling is that the boat owner is not required to withhold income taxes or Federal payroll taxes from the earn- ings of the captains and deckhands, In some cases, the States also have agreed that un- employment insurance taxes are not due from the boat owners. In one litigation, a Texas court ruled (''Crawford Packing Co. v. United States") that the captains and deckhands were not employees for employment tax purposes. The United States Government has appealed that decision to the Fifth Circuit Court of Ap- peals. The case has been argued and the de- cision was pending, In a Florida Federal Court, it was held that the captains and deckhands of a shrimp boat owner and two other affiliated corpora- tions were not their employees, but were in- dependent contractors under the Federal em- ployment tax statutes. The Federal Govern- ment did not appeal those cases. In another case, a Mississippi Federal Court held that 72 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW the captains and deckhands were independent contractors ('"'Gulf Boats, Inc. v. United States'') and again there was no appeal by the Federal Government, All of the vessels and fishermen involved in those cases were connected with the shrimp industry. In a more recent case (‘Capital Trawlers, et al v. United States"), according to a ruling handed down on April9, 1963, by a judge ofthe United States District Court in Portland, Me., fishing vessel crews and captains who operate under the ''share'’ system, are considered employees for Federal tax purposes. In that case the court held that fishermen performing their services on vessels fishing for ocean perch and groundfish were employees. The court specifically ruled that the relationship between the Maine fishermen and the boat owners was not comparable to the working re- lationship between the owners and fishermen on the shrimp boats. The Portland case indi- cated that there was a considerable degree of control by the owners over the fishermen in that they were guaranteed certain earnings in the event of a "broker,'' that the owners had a good deal to say about who should comprise the crew, and in all instances the owners put their own engineer aboard to oversee the safe- ty of the vessel, None of those factors were evident with respect to the shrimp boats. (Na- tional Fisheries Institute Flashes, August 16, 1963.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1963 p. 107, August 1963 p. 78. Eighty-Eighth Congress (First Session) Public bills and resolutions which may di- rectly or indirectly affect the fisheries and allied industries are reported upon. Introduc- tion, referral to committees, pertinent legis- lative actions by the House and Senate, as well as signature into law or other final dis- position are covered. Vol. 25, No. 10 COLLISION AT SEA, REGULATIONS FOR PREVENT- ING: S. Rept. 477, Authorizing the President to Pro- Claim Re fations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (Aug. 30, i963, report from the Gommittee bi Cone merce, U.S, Senate, 88th Congress, 1st Session, to accompany H.R. 6012), 12 pp., printed. The Committee reported the bill with an amendment (a typographical change) and recommended passage. Contains purpose and discussion of the bill, Federal Agency comments, and Committee amendment, ; The Senate, on Sept. 5, 1963, passed with committee amendment H. R. 6012, to authorize the President to proclaim regulations for preventing collisions at sea. Would authorize the President, on behalf of the United States, to proclaim the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea, 1960, on or after a date fixed by the Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization for application of such regulations by Gov-. ernments which have agreed to accept them, Suchreg- ulations shall thereafter have effect as if enacted by statute, and be followed by all public and priyate ves- sels of the United States and by all aircraft of United States registry. However, they shall not apply to inland waters or any territorial waters of the United States. Would repeal the existing international rules for pre- venting collisions at sea, 1948, Regulations were form- ulated at the Fourth International Conference on Safety of Life at Sea, 1960 (annex E to the final act of the In- ternational Conference on Safety of Life at Sea), Parts of the rules of the International Regulations for pre- venting collisions at sea were rewritten. Those apply- ing directly to fishing vessels are covered under Rules 9 and 13, The House, on Sept. 11, 1963, concurred in the Sen- ate amendment to H.R. 6012. The action cleared the bill for the President's signature. CONSERVATION OF MARINE FISHERIES RE- SOURCES: H,. R. 8296 (Keith) introduced in House, Aug. 28, 1963, to prohibit fishing in the territorial wa- ters of the United States and in certain other areas by persons other than nationals or inhabitants of the Unit- ed States; referred to Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, The Subcommittee on Merchant Marine and Fish- eries of the Senate Committee on Commerce, onSept, 5, 1963, held hearings on S. 1988, to prohibit fishing in the territorial waters of the United States and in certain other areas by persons other than nationals or inhabi- tants of the United States. Testimony was received from Congressmen, United States Coast Guard officers, a representative of the Alaska State Department of Fish and Game, and the President of the Atlantic Fisher- men's Union, Boston, Mass, The hearings were con- cluded on Sept. 6, 1963, when testimony was received from other Federal Agency officials and representa- tives of the Gloucester (Mass.) Fisheries Commission, National Canners Association, Boston Fisheries As- sociation, Inc., American Tunaboat Association, and the New Bedford Fishermen's Union, S. Rept. 500, Prohibition of Foreign Fishing Ves- sels Within the Territorial Waters of the United States (Sept. 13, 1963, report from the Committee on Com- merce, U.S. Senate, 88th Congress, lst Session, to accompany S, 1988), 13 pp., printed. The Committee recommended passage of the bill with amendments, In addition to technical amendments and amendments for clarity, the Committee amendments would authorize the Secretary of the Treasury to license a foreign ves- sel to engage in fishing within the territorial waters of the United States or for resources of the Continental October 1963 Shelf which appertain to the United States, and to land its catch in a United States port, upon certification by the Secretary of the Interior that such permission would be in the national interest and upon concurrence of any State, Commonwealth, or Territory directly affected. S. 1988 as amended, declares that it is unlawful for foreign vessels to engage in the fisheries within the territorial waters of the United States and its territo- ries and possessions and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico or to engage in the taking of any fishery resource of the Continental Shelf which appertains to the United States, except as provided by an international agree- ment to which the United States is a party. Violators would be subject to a fine of not more than $10,000, or imprisonment not more than 1 year, or both, The bill declares that every vessel employed in any man- ner in connection with a violation of the act shall be subject to forfeiture and all fish taken or retained in violation of the act or the monetary value thereof shall be forfeited. The responsibility for enforcement is to be shared by the Coast Guard, the Department of the Interior, the Bureau of Customs, and such State and territorial officers as the Secretary of the Interior may designate, Federal district courts are empowered to issue such warrants as may be required for the en- forcement of the act, Persons authorized to carry out enforcement activities are given the power to execute those warrants; to arrest, with or without a warrant, any person committing in their presence a violationof the act; and, if as a result of such search they have reason to believe that such vessel or any person on board is in violation of the act, then to arrest such person; to seize any vessel which has been used or which reasonably appears to have been used contrary to the provisions of the act; and to seize, whenever and wherever lawfully found all fish taken or retained in violation of the act, Provides for the seizure and dis- posal of fish taken in violation of the act, and estab- lishes procedures for setting of a bond by alleged vio- lators. The Secretary ofthe Treasury wouldbe author- ized to issue such regulations as he determines neces- sary to carry out the provisions of the act, Report also contains purpose of the bill, general discussion, reasons for legislation, attitude of other nations, section-by-section analysis, and agency re- ports. The Senate on Sept. 18, 1963, and the House on Sept. 19, 1963, received a resolution adopted by the Senate of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts memori- alizing the Congress of the United States to enact legis- lation providing for a 200-mile offshore limit for tak- ing fish off the New England coast by fishing vessels of foreign countries, FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND RO- DENTICIDE ACT: Senator Ribicoff, on Sept. 6, 1963, inserted in the Congressional Record (pages 15582- 15586), Notice of Propose ule Making by the Depart- ment of Agriculture as published in the Federal Reg- ister Sept. 6, 1963, to revise the regulations for the en- forcement of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act. The revision, in general, would strengthen the regulations with respect to labeling re- quirements, conform the regulations with interpreta- tions and policies followed in administration of the act, and clarify certain provisions of the regulations, The principal specific changes that would be made concern labeling, registration, guarantees, coloration of eco- nomic poisons, adulteration and misbranding, enforce- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 73 ment, permits for experimental use, and declaration of pests. The Subcommittee on Agricultural Research and General Legislation of the Senate Committee on Agri- culture and Forestry, on Sept. 10, 1963, held and con- cluded hearings on S, 1605, to amend the Federal In- secticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, as amended, to provide for labeling of economic poisons withregis- tration numbers, and to eliminate registration under protest, Testimony was received from representatives of the National Agricultural Chemical Association, the American Farm Bureau Federation, and Federal Agency officials. PRICE-QUALITY STABILIZATION: The Special subcommittee of the Senate Committee on Commerce, on Sept. 9, 1963, resumed hearings on S, 774, to pro- mote quality and price stabilization, to define and re- strain certain unfair methods of distribution, and to confirm, define, and equalize the rights of producers and resellers in the distribution of goods identified by distinguishing brands, names, or trademarks, and for other purposes. Testimony was received from various public witnesses, The hearings were recessed subject to call, RESEARCH PROGRAMS: H. Res, 504 (Elliott) in- troduced in House Aug, 27, 1963, to create a select com- mittee to investigate research programs conducted by or sponsored by the departments and agencies of the Federal Government; referred to Committee on Rules. The House on Aug, 28, 1963, received the report (H. Rept. 718) on H. Res, 504, and on Sept, 11, 1963, by a unanimous record vote of 336 yeas, the House adopted H. Res. 504, The Speaker of the House subsequently appointed the following to membership on the select committee: Representatives Elliott, chairman, Fogarty, Miller of California, Price, Landrum, Brown of Ohio, Anderson, Cleveland, and Martin of California. VESSEL COLLISION LIABILITY AND VESSEL OWN- ERS LIABILITY: Vessel and Shipowner Liability in Collisions or other Maritime Casualties (Hearings be- fore the Merchant Marine and Fisheries Subcommittee of the Committee on Commerce, United States Senate, 88th Congress, 1st Session), 173 pp., printed. Contains hearings held on May 20 and 22, 1963, on S, 555, tounify apportionment of liability in cases of collision between vessels, and in other maritime casualties; and on S, 556, to limit the liability of vessel owners, and for oth- er purposes. The hearings included statements by Fed- eral agencies and industry personnel; the text of S. 555 and S, 556; and written statements and letters submit- ted to the Subcommittee. VESSEL CONSTRUCTION SUBSIDY AMENDMENT: The Senate Committee on Commerce, in executive ses- sion, Aug. 27, 1963, ordered favorably reported (amend- ed) S. 1006, to amend the Act of June 12, 1960, for the correction of inequities in the construction of fishing vessels, and for other purposes. S. Rept, 481, Fishing Vessel Construction Bill (Sept. 9, 1963, report from the Committee on Commerce, U.S. Senate, 88th Congress, 1st Session, to accompany S., 1006), 37 pp., printed, The Committee recommended passage of the bill with amendments. The Committee amendments would provide for a $10 million annual ap- propriation instead of $12.5 million, and would extend the Program for a 5-year period instead of 9 years. _ (S. 1006 would provide a subsidy up to 55 percent of the 74 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW cost of construction of a fishing vessel in a domestic shipyard, and delete Section 4 from the recently ex- pired Program which limited construction of such ves- sels to fisheries injured by foreign imports.) Report also contains: purpose of the bill, need for the bill, gen- eral discussion including financial aids available to fish- ing vessel owners in certain other countries, section- by-section explanation, agency reports, changes in ex- isting law, appendix, and the minority view. WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION: The Special Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution of the Senate Committee on Public Works, on Sept. 5, 1963, resumed its executive consideration of S. 649, to amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as” amended, to establish the Federal Water Pollution Con- trol Administration within the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. WATER RESOURCES COUNCIL: The Subcommittee on Irrigation and Reclamation of the Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, on Sept. 12 and 13, 1963, held hearings on S, 1111, to provide for the optimum development of the nation's natural resources through the coordinated planning of water and related land re- sources, through the establishment of Water Resources Council and river basin commissions, and providing financial assistance to the States in order to increase State participation in such planning, Testimony was re- ceived from Congressmen, officials of Federal and State Agencies, and public witnesses, On Sept. 13, 1963, the hearings were adjourned subject to call. plac @ FISH INDICATIONS at 40 FaTHOMs ON DEPTH SOUNDER @ TELEMETER aLtows QUICK AND ACCURATE PLACEMENT OF THE NET AT 40 FATHOMS Vol. 25, No. 10 October 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 75 FISHERY _ INDICATORS CUMULATIVE DATA a CUMULATIVE DATA . 1963 - 311.8 7 + 1963 - 208.7 “is 1962 - 334.7 7 Mee 1962 - 323.1 1962 - 823.8 12." 1962 - 552.0 VAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC MARYLAND AND VIRGINIA NORTH CAROLINA, SOUTH CAROLINA, AND GEORGIA 140 CUMULATIVE DATA - 1963 - B ~: 1963 - 167.0 | 1962 - . 1962 - 205.8 1962 - 218.0 1962 - 539.6 CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA «1963 - 10.6 i 1962 - 9.7 1962 - 521.2 "1962 - 15.2 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC MAR_APR_MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC V/ONLY PARTIAL--INCLUDING PRODUCTION OF MAJOR FISHERIES AND MARKET FISH LANDINGS AT PRINCIPAL PORTS. 76 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol, 25, No. 10 CHART 2 - LANDINGS for SELECTED FISHERIES __ HADDOCK — OCEAN PERCH (Maine and Massachusetts) sesccces 1963 (Maine and Massachusetts) ——_ 1962 7 mgs. 1963 - 71.4 7 oe > Fol 1962 - 118.1 SHRIMP WHITING (Gulf States!/ includ g Florida West Coast) (Maine and Massachusetts) CUMULATIVE DATA 7 MGS. 1963 - 37.9 7 , 1962 - 44.6 1962 - 90.2 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEG V/A. & ALA. DATA BASED ON LANDINGS AT PRINCIPAL PORTS AND ARE NOT COM- peer es In Thousands ef Tens MENHADEN (East and Gulf Coasts) PACIFIC AND JACK MACKEREL (California) 635.9 803.9 1962 - 1,118.2 PILCHARD (California) 1962/63 SEASON, TOTAL 1961/62 SEASON, TOTAL LEGEND: ———_ 1962/63 | ——=— 1961/62 | ‘AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC. JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 2/SEASON TOTAL, AUG. 1962-FEB. 28, 1963. 3/SEASON TOTAL, 1 aus. 1, 1981-FeB. 48, 1962. October 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 77 CHART 3 - COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS and FREEZINGS of FISHERY PRODUCTS * In Millions of Pounds LEGEND: U. S. FREEZINGS U. 5S, HOLDINGS CUMULATIVE DATA 7 MQS. 1963 - 198.0 7 , 1962 - 188.6 12 1962 - 343.5 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC MIDDLE & SOUTH ATLANTIC HOLDINGS?! NEW ENGLAND HOLDINGS / JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 2/ALL EAST COAST STATES FROM N. Y. SOUTH. GULF & SOUTH CENTRAL HOLDINGs4/ MIDDLE-WEST HOLDINGS a JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV CALIFORNIA HOLDINGS een aeee: JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC * Excludes salted, cured, and smoked products. 78 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 10 CHART 4 - RECEIPTS and COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS of FISHERY PRODUCTS at PRINCIPAL DISTRIBUTION CENTERS In Millions of Pounds RECEIPTS 1/ AT WHOLESALE SALT-WATER MARKET COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGs2/ (Fresh and Frozen) CUMULATIVE DATA + 1963 - 117.1 Ca 1962 - 117.6 1962 - 175.9 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV_DEC 2/AS REPORTED BY PLANTS IN METROPOLITAN AREA. JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC U/INCLUDE TRUCK AND RAIL IMPORTS FROM CANADA AND DIRECT VESSEL LANDINGS AT NEW YORK CITY. RECEIPTS AT WHOLESALE MARKET (Fresh and Frozen) COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS CHICAGO CUMULATIVE DATA 6 « 1963 - 43.8 a Teg = s0.1 1962 12 - 74.5 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT _NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC SEATTLE BOSTON WHOLESALE MARKET RECEIPTS, LANDINGS, COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS & IMPORTS (Fresh and Frozen) « 1963 - 71.4 8 , 1962 - 62.6 12 1962 - 95.2 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC FISH MEAL (In Thousands of Tons) CUMULATIVE DATA « 1963 - 171.6 8 mgs. 1963 - 132.2 1962 - 216.4 8 a 1962 - 176.6 1962 - 288.3 12 1962 - 255.8 0 : — JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC October 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 79 CHART 6- CANNED PACKS of SELECTED FISHERY PRODUCTS In Thousands of Standard Cases TUNA AND TUNALIKE FISH - CALIFORNIA ANCHOVIES - CALIFORNIA CUMULATIVE DATA 7 MgS. 1963 - 26,1 7 We 5.1 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC SARDINES! (Estimated) - MAINE CUMULATIVE DATA 1963 SEASON, APR.-AUG, 1962 SEASON, APR.-AUG. - 1,329.0 - 1,531.0 1962 SEASON, TOTAL ~ 2,144.4 g JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 1/ INCLUDING SEA HERRING. 2/ THE 1962 SEASON STARTED DEC. 2, 196), SARDINES - CALIFORNIA CUMULATIVE xy 1962/63 SEASON, TOTAL 60.0 1961/62 SEASON, TOTAL - 504.4 ( Ci _ AUG SEPT OCT. NOV DEC .JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY 3/ SEASON TOTAL, AUG, \» 1962-FEB. 28, 1963. 4/ SEASON TOTAL, AUG. hy 1961-FEB. 28, 1962. MACKEREL He CALIFORNIA CUMULATIVE DATA » 1963 - 568.6 1962 - 518.0 1962 - 1,220.4 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC STANDARD CASES Variety SARDINES..... 100 No.Cans Designation Net Wet. + drawn 33 oz. 48 oS 5 oz. Sfelstercicke 46 #4 tuna 6&7 oz. 48 # 1 oval 15 oz. Bboou6 48 1-lb, tall 16 oz. ANCHOVES... 48 8 SHRIMP - GULF STATES CUMULATIVE DATA 1963/64 SEASON, AUG.- 1962/63 SEASON, AUG, - 1962/63 SEASON, TOTAL 1963/64 —— eee 280 IE 061/62) 0 oh AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY 80 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 10 CHART .7 - U.S. FISHERY PRODUCTS IMPORTS GROUNDFISH (including Ocean Perch) FILLETS resh and oze sesssons 1963 COMULATIVE DATA ; —— 1962 + 1963 - 124.1 7 mgs. 1963 - 39.1 "P T962 - 12015 7 , 1962 - 40.8 1962 - 221.4 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC SHRIMP FROM MEXICO LOBSTER AND SPINY LOBSTER (Fresh and Frozen) esh and Frozen UAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC Tuna2! (Fresh and Frozen) SEA HERRING, FRESH, THROUGH MAINE PORTS CUMULATIVE DATA CUMULATIVE DATA 7 mgs. 1963 - 125.3 6 MgS. 1963 - 4.5 ois 1962 - 161.9 a 1962 - 15.2 1962 - 272.5 1962 - 62.1 Se JAN. FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV ‘DEC U, S. IMPORTS OF CANNED TUNA AND TUNALIKE FISH CANNED SARDINES (in Oil and in Brine) in Oi COMILATIVE DA 7 mgs. 1963 - 28.3 7 me 1962 - 32.8 12 1962 - 52.9 CUMULATIVE DATA « 1963 - 32.8 “gs 1962 - 39.9 1962 - 65.4 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC October 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 81 Te bah el A i dg ee he, LEE Vag ene ay _ a Ge Ts ips 1, A F é, es FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE PUBLICATIONS THESE PROCESSED PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE FREE FROM THE OFFICE OF INFORMATION, U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, WASHING- TON, D.C. 20240, CFS - CURRENT FISHERY STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES. MNL - REPRINTS OF REPORTS ON FOREIGN FISHERIES. SEP.- SEPARATES (REPRINTS) FROM COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW. SL - STATISTICAL LISTS OF DEALERS IN AND PRODUCERS OF FISH- ERY PRODUCTS AND BYPRODUCTS. Number Title FS- - Massachusetts Landings, by Ports, 1962 Annual Summary, 12 pp. CFS-3236 - Florida Landings, 1962 Annual Summary, 13 pp. CFS-3240 - Frozen Fishery Products, June 1963, 8 pp. CFS-3243 - Wisconsin Landings, May 1963, 2 pp. CFS-3246 - Louisiana Landings, May 1963, 2 pp. CFS-3247 - Shrimp Landings, 1962 Annual Summary, 43 pp. CFS-3248 - New York Landings, May 1963, 4 pp. CFS-3249 - Maryland Landings, May 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3250 - Fish Sticks and Fish Portions, April-June 1963, 2 pp. CFS-3251 - New Jersey Landings, June 1963, 4 pp. CFS-3252 - Maine Landings, May 1963, 4 pp. CFS-3253 - Mississippi Landings, May 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3254 - California Landings, May 1963, 4 pp. CFS-3255 - Rhode Island Landings, May 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3265 - Fish Meal and Oil, June 1963, 2 pp. CFS-3266 - Florida Landings, June 1963, 8 pp. Wholesale Dealers in Fishery Products, 1962 (Revised): SL- 3 - Massachusetts, pp. SL-46 - Texas (Mississippi River and Tributaries), 2 pp. Sep. No, 685 - New Whiting Preducts Tested at Univer- sity of Massachusetts Annual School- Lunch Confer- ence. Sep. No, 686 - Length-Weight Relationship and Stomach Contents of the Swellfish (Spheroides maculatus) in the York River. Sep. No, 687 - Equipment Note No, 14--A Light Box for Photographing Fish and Invertebrates at Sea. Sep. No. 688 - Foreign Fisheries Briefs. ISHERY PUBLICATIONS 50 ONE TP ean a a a BES IOs 0+ 0 2p comme 1ST Bas ot. OEE TYPES OF PUBLICATIONS ARE DESIGNATED AS FOLLOWS: GE = 4, ? Lota Se "Effect of Cooking Methods on the Sodium Content of Halibut, Haddock, and Flounder," by Bernard I. Sohn and Maynard A. Steinberg, 7 pp., illus. (Reprinted from Fishery Industrial Research, vol. 2, no, 1, Sep- tember 1962, pp. 7-13.) "Mechanically Deicing and Weighing Groundfish at the Dock in New England," by John A. Peters, Joseph W. Slavin, and Arvey H. Linda, 8 pp., illus. (Reprinted from Fishery Industrial Research, vol. 2, no. 1, Sep- AbETaTOEDY pp.20-30.) "Methods for Separation of Fatty Acids from Fish Oils with Emphasis on Industrial Applications,'' by Edward H. Gruger, Jr., 10 pp., illus. (Reprinted from Fish- ery Industrial Research, vol, 2, no, 1, September 1962, pp. 31-40.) "New-Type Multiple Debreader,'' by Melvin E. Waters and D, J. Bond, 9 pp., illus. (Reprinted from Fisher: Industrial Research, vol, 2 no, 1, September 1962, pp. 49-57. Pesticide-Wildlife Studies: A Review of Fish and Wild- ife Service Investigations During 1961 and 1962, Circular 167, 127 pp., processed. Presents sections on commercial fisheries investigations; sport fish- ery investigations; wildlife studies, Denver Wildlife Research Center; wildlife studies, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; pesticide-wildlife studies by state, provincial, or university personnel, and by the Co- operative Wildlife Research Units; and recommenda- tions for minimizing dangers of pest control and pesticides to fish and wildlife. Progress in Sport Fishery Research, 1962, Circular 160, 124 pp., illus., processed, March 1963. This report of sport fishery research for the calendar year 1962 covers the progress made in studies of fish diseases and nutrition of fish, fish-farming ex- periments, fish-pesticide research, and reservoir investigations, Also includes a list of publications and special reports issued during the year. "Proximate Composition Changes in Sockeye Salmon (ONCORHYNCHUS NERKA) During Spawning Migra- tion,'' by Claude E, Thurston and H, William New- man, 8 pp., illus. (Reprinted from Fishery Industrial Research, vol, 2, no, 1, September 1962, pp. 15-22.) "Storage of Fish in Refrigerated Sea Water. 1--Quality Changes in Ocean Perch as Determined by Organo- 82 leptic and Chemical Analyses,'' by Edward H. Cohen and John A. Peters, 7 pp., illus. (Reprinted from Fishery Industrial Research, vol, 2,'no. 1, Septem- ber 1962, pp. 41-47.) THE FOLLOWING MARKET NEWS LEAFLETS ARE AVAILABLE FROM THE a 20005. HERY MARKET NEWS SERVICE, U. S. BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, SUITE 611, WYATT BLOG., 777 14TH STREET NW., WASHINGTON, D. C. Number Title = 8 - Portugal's Fishing Industry, 1962, 22 pp. MNL-11 - Spain's Fishing Industry, 1962, 7 pp. MNL-22 - Fisheries: Republic of South Africa and MNL-57 - Fisheries in the Federal Republic of Ger- many--Annual Survey, 1962, 23 pp. MNL-58 - Republic of Korea's Fishing Industry, 1962, 8 pp. MNL-81 - Fisheries Industry of France, 1962, 14 pp. MNL-82 - Fisheries of Ecuador, 1961, 12 pp. THE FOLLOWING PUBLICATIONS ARE AVASLABLE ONLY F THE SPE- CIFIC OFFICE MENTJONED. (Baltimore) Monthly Summary--Fishery Products, March 1963, 8 pp. (Market News Service, U. 5. Fish and Wildlife Service, 103 S. Gay St., Balti- more 2, Md.) Receipts of fresh- and salt-water fish and shellfish at Baltimore by species and by states and provinces; total receipts by species and com- parisons with previous periods; and wholesale prices for fresh fishery products on the Baltimore market; for the month indicated. California Fishery Market News Month] Soa: Part | - Fishery Products Production an arket Data, July 1963, 18 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Post Office Bldg., San Pedro, Calif.) California cannery receipts of tuna and tunalike fish and other species used for canning; pack of canned tuna, tunalike fish, mackerel, and anchovies; market fish receipts at San Pedro, Santa Monica, and Eureka areas; California and Arizona imports; canned fish and frozen shrimp prices; ex- vessel prices for cannery fish; for the month indi- cated, California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, Part II - Fishing Information, July 1363- 10 pp., illus. (U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Bio- logical Laboratory, P.O. Box 6121, Pt, Loma Sta- tion, San Diego 6, Calif.) Contains sea-surface temperatures, fishing and research information of interest to the West Coast tuna-fishing industry and marine scientists, and thermocline effects on purse seining for tuna; for the month indicated, Gulf of Mexico Monthly Landings, Productionand Ship- ments of Fisher. eeedaciae Tne and July 1963, pp. each, ifarket News Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Room 609, 600 South St., New Orleans 12, La.) Gulf States shrimp, oyster, fin- fish, and blue crab landings; crab meat production; LCL express shipments from New Orleans; whole- sale prices of fish and shellfish on the New Orleans French Market; fishery imports at Port Isabel and Brownsville, Texas, from Mexico; sponge sales; and Gulf menhaden landings and production of meal, solubles, and oil; for the months indicated. Monthly Summary of Fishery Products Production in electe’ reas of Virginia, North Carolina, and COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 10 Maryland, May and June 1963, 4 pp. each. (Market News Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 18 S. King St., Hampton, Va. 23369.) Landings of food fish and shellfish and production of crab meat and shucked oysters for the Virginia areas of Hampton Roads, Chincoteague, Lower Northern Neck, and Lower East- ern Shore; the Maryland areas of Crisfield, Cam- bridge, and Ocean City; and the North Carolina areas of Atlantic, Beaufort, and Morehead City; together with cumulative and comparative data on fishery products and shrimp production; for the months indi- cated, Territory of South West Africa, 1962, 16 pp. | New York City's Wholesale Fishery Trade--Monthl M h. (Mar- Summary--May and June , 16 pp. each. ket News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 155 John St., New York 38, N. Y.) Includes summa- ries and analyses of receipts and prices on wholesale Fulton Fish Market, including both the salt- and fresh-water sections; imports entered at New York customs district; primary wholesaler's selling prices for fresh, frozen, and selected canned fishery products; marketing trends; and landings at Fulton Fish Market docks and Stonington, Conn.; for the months indicated, (Seattle) Washington and Alaska Receipts and Landings of Fishe Products for Selecte reas an ish- Me eries, Monthly Summary, July 1963, 9 pp. (Market News Service, U. 5. Fich and Wildlife Service, 706 Federal Office Bldg., 909 First Ave., Seattle, Wash. 98104.) Includes Seattle's landings by the halibutand salmon fleets reported through the exchanges; land- ings of halibut reported by the International Pacific Halibut Commission; landings of otter-trawl vessels as reported by the Fishermen's Marketing Associa- tion of Washington; local landings by independent ves- sels; coastwise shipments from Alaska by scheduled and non-scheduled shipping lines and airways; im- ports from British Columbia via rail, motor truck, shipping lines, and ex-vessel landings; and imports from other countries through Washington customs district; for the month indicated, MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WIED- LIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGAN CORRESPONDENCE REGARDING PUBLICATI ALGAE: "A Comparison of Polysaccharides of Hypnea musci- formis and Chondrus crispus,” by R. D. Hamilton and J. J. Carroll, Contribution No. 423, 3 pp., printed. (Reprinted from Nature, vol. 196] no, 4860, Decem- ber 22, 1962, pp. 1200-1201.) The Marine Labora- tory, University of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. "Evaluation of Algae as a Food for Human Diets," ar- ticle, Nutrition Reviews, vol. 21, January 1963, pp. 7-8, printed. ‘he Nutrition Foundation Inc., 99 Park Ave., New York 16, N. Y. ALGIN: "Algin--Multi-Use Colloid," by F. X. McDermott, arti- cle, Food Engineering, vol. 34, May 1962, pp. 66-73, printed. ilton Co,, Chestnut and 56th Sts., Phila- delphia 36, Pa. October 1963 ALMANAC: The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1964, 29P, 311pp., “printed, $2. U.S. Naval Observatory, Washington, D.C., 1962. (For sale by the Superintendent of Doc- uments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washing- ton, D.C. 20402.) Provides data required for the prac- tice of astronomical navigation at sea. AMPHIBIANS: Amphibians, by A. M. Nikol'skii, OTS 60-21813, 230 pp., 1llus., processed, $2.25. (Translated from the Russian, Fauna Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran, 1918.) Office of Technical Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. 20230, 1962. ANGOLA: Preparin Shipments to An ola, OBR-63-85, 8 pp., printed, 15 cents. Bureau of International Com- merce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., April 1963, (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Wash- ington D. C. 20402.) The report discusses shipping documents; import and exchange licenses; sanitary and other special certificates; labeling, marking, and packing; and related subjects. ARCTIC MARINE FISH: Selected Taxonomic Papers on Northern Marine Fishes, by A, P. Andriyashev, OTS 61-31030, 59pp., Illus., processed, 50 cents, (Translated from Rus- sian.) Office of Technical Services, U.S. Depart- ment of Commerce, Washington, D. C. 20230, 1963. ARGENTINA: Basic Data on the Economy of Argentina, by Walter Haidar, OBR-63-84, 24 pp., illus., mEmtedt 15 cents, Bureau of International Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C., March 1963, (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington D. C, 20402.) Discusses, among other items, the fishing industry. Describes the rich fishing zones of Argentina and gives some statistical data on the total catch of salt- and fresh-water fish and shellfish. Import Tariff System of Argentina, OBR-63-49, 4 pp., printed, 15 cents: Bureau of International Com- merce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washing- ton, D. C., March 1963. (For sale by the Superin- tendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Of- fice, Washington, D, C. 20402.) Presents informa- tion on units of currency, weights, and measures; method of payment of duty; sales, excise, and other taxes; shipping documents; trade restrictions; and related subjects. AUSTRALIA: Southern Pelagic Project Peay Report, No. 13, March 1 , J pp., processed, Southern Pelagic Project Laboratory, Camberwell, Victoria, Austra- lia. BACTERIOLOGY: "Coliform Bacteria in Sea Water and Shellfish. I-- Lactose Fermentation at 35.5° and 44°C.,""by A. D. Tennant and J. E. Reid, article, Canadian Journal of Microbiology, vol. 7, 1961, pp. 725-731, printed. ationa esearch Council, Ottawa, Canada. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 83 BONITO: "Zakonomernosti Raspredeleniya Pelamidy v Chernom More" (Mechanisms Governing the Distribution of Bonito in the Black Sea), by T. G. Lyubimova, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 8, 1961, pp. 10-13, printed in Russian. V, Krasnosel'skaia 17, B-140, Moscow, U.S.S.R. BRITISH GUIANA: The Trawl Survey Carried Out by the R/V CAPE ST. “MARY Off British Guiana, 1957-59, by W.G. Mitchell and R. H. McConnell, Bulletin No. 2, 53 pp., illus., printed. Fisheries Division, Georgetown, British Guiana, CALIFORNIA: The California Marine Fish Catch for 1961, Fish Bul- “Tetin No. 121, 54 pp., illus., printed. Department of Fish and Game, Printing Division, Documents Sec- tion, Sacramento 14, California, 1963. A summary of the 1961 landings of fish, mollusks, and crusta- ceans in California by commercial fishing vessels or shipped into the State for processing. Statistical data cover annual landings and shipments, 1916-1961; landings and shipments of leading species by weight and value; number of fishing vessels by length; ori- gin of shipments; origin of commercial fish landings; and monthly landings and shipments, statewide and by areas, Also included are data on value and quan- tity of annual landings by areas; value of landings by ports and areas; sport fish catch, 1936-1940 and 1947-1961; and live bait catch, Also includes an ar- ticle, ''Catch Localities for Dover Sole, Microstomus acificus (Lockington), Landed in California, 1950 through 1959," by E. A. Best. Statistical Report of Fresh, Canned, Cured and Manu- factured Fishery Products for 1962, Circular No. 37 15 pp., printed. California Department of Fish and Game, Printing Division, Documents Section, No. Seventh St. at Richards Blvd., Sacramento 14, Calif. This report, the latest in a series of an:ual reports on commercial fishery production in California, in- cludes statistical tables on landings by species and areas, imports of tuna, and pack of canned fish, Data also cover volume of other types of processed fish, sardine meal and oil production, and the annual pack of sardines, anchovies, tuna, and bonito and yellow- tail. CANADA: Fisheries Statistics of British Columbia, 1962 (Pre- iminary), 13 pp., processed, Canadian Department of Fisheries, Pacific Area, Economics Branch, 1155 Robson St., Vancouver 5, B.C., Canada, April 1963. Discusses the total value of fish and fish products produced in 1962 with an analysis of the increase in market value over the previous year; marketing by species, landed and market value, 1950-62,canned pack, and production and utilization of salmon; land- ings and value of herring and byproducts, halibut, soles, crab and shrimp, and other species; fishing vessels; gear and equipment; and number of licensed fishermen. Includes statistical tables onlandings and values by species and by years; landings and manu- factured products; salmon pack, 1962; and other similar data, 84 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 10 CANARY ISLANDS: "La pesca en las Islas Canarias" (Fisheries of the Canary Islands), article, Boletin de Informacion del Sindicato Nacional de la Pesca, no, 52, January 1963, pp. 12-15, printed in Spanish. Sindicato Nacional de la Pesca, 18-20 Paseo del Prado, Madrid, Spain. CHOLESTEROL: "Cholesterolemia and Cardiovascular Sudanophilia in Rats Fed Sardine Mixtures," by S.A. Miller, H.A. Dymsza, and S.A. Goldblith, article, Journal of Nutrition, vol, 77, August 1962, pp, 397-402, printed. American Institute of Nutrition, 36th St. at Spruce, Philadelphia 4, Pa. CLAMS: "Clam Poison, III--Paper Electrophoresis of Clam Poison," by R.A. B. Bannard and A, A. Casselman, article, Canadian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 40, Au- gust 1962, pp. 1649-1655, printed. National Re- search Council, Ottawa, Canada, COALFISH: "On The Growth and Food of O-Group Coalfish, Pollachius virens L., in Norwegian Waters," by Ulf Lie (Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway), article, Biological Abstracts, vol. 39, no. 6, Part 1, 1962, Abstract No, 21815, printed, University of Pennsylvania, 3815 Walnut St., Philadelphia 4, Pa. COD: "The Bacteriology of Distant Water Cod Landed at Hull," by R. Spencer, article, Journal of Applied Bacteriology, vol, 24, no, 1, 196i, =a 7c printed, Wallace SS Tierman Ltd,, Power Rd., London W4, England, COD LIVERS: "Sterilization of Cod Livers Aboard and the Produc- tion of Cod Liver Preserves,'' by K. A. Mrochkov, article, Trudy Tekhnologia Rybnykh Productov, vol. 60, 1959, pp. = 45, printed in Russian, Four Con- tinent Book Corp., 156 5th Ave., New York 10,N. Y. COMPOSITION: "L-Threonine Ethanolamine Phosphate: A Compound Newly Isolated from Fish," by H. Rosenberg and others, article, Biochemical Journal, vol. 84, Sep- tember 1962, pp. 536-541, printed, Cambridge Uni- versity Press, Bentley House, 200 Euston Rd., Lon- don NW1, England. CONTAINERS: "American Marine Refrigerated Cargo Containers," by L. L. Westling, article, Bulletin of the Interna- tional Institute of Refrigeration, vol. XLIII, no. 1, 1963, pp. 26-35, illus., printed. Institut Internation- al du Froid, 177, Boulevard, Malesherbes, Paris 17e, France. "Plastics for the Packaging of Foodstuffs with a View to International Coordination,'' by L. Robinson- Gornhardt, article, Kunststoffe, vol. 52, no, 2, 1962, pp. 67-71, printed. Carl Hanser, Zeitschriftenver- lag, GmbH, Kolbergerstr, 22, Munich 27, Germany, CRABS: "Claw Deformities in the Blue Crab," by Carl N. Shuster, Jr., David H. B. Ulmer, Jr., and Willard A. Van Engel, article, Estuarine Bulletin, vol. 7, nos, 2 & 3, June 1963, pp. 15-23, illus., printed. University of Delaware, Department of Biological Sciences, Newark, Del, Covers the external struc- ture of crab claws, normal regeneration of append- ages, and types of claw deformities. "Size Relations of ‘Two Instars of the Blue Crab, aa linectes sapidus,'' by Albert V. Tyler and David G, Cargo, Contribution No, 227, article, Chesapeake Science, vol, 4, no. 1, March 1963, pp. EET illus., printed, single copy 75 cents, Natural Resources Institute, University of Maryland, Chesapeake Bio- logical Laboratory, Solomons, Md, CRUSTACEA: The East American Species of Gnathophyllum (Deca- poda, Caridea), with the Deacrintion cf aaNew Spe- cies, by Raymond B. Manning, Contribution No. 384, 17 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Crustaceana, vol, 5, part 1, pp. 47-63. Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Fla. CUTTLEFISH: "The Proteolytic Enzyme in the Liver of a Cuttlefish. I--Partial Purification and Some Enzymic Proper- ties,'' by Sakari Nara (Hokkaido Gakugei University, Hakodate, Japan), article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 55, October 2, 1961, 20239b, printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington, D.C. DANISH SEINING: "Danish Seining Pays off in Nova Scotia," by Frank Miller, article, Canadian Fishermen, vol, 50, Jan- uary 1963, pp. 15, 17, printed, National Business Publications Ltd., Gardenvale, Que., Canada, DECOMPOSITION: "Chemical Indexes of Decomposition in Haddock Stored in Natural Ice and in Chlortetracycline (CTC) Ice," by Fred Hillig and others, article, Journal of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, _ vol, 45, November 1962, pp. 851-078. printed, As- sociation of Official Agricultural Chemists, P.O. Box 540, Benjamin Franklin Station, Washington 4, DAC "Chemical Indexes of Decomposition in Perch Stored in Natural Ice and in Chlortetracycline (CTC) Ice," by Fred Hillig and others, article, Journal of the As- sociation of Official Agricultural Chemists, vol. 45, November 1962, pp. ae0-981- printed, Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, P.O, Box 540, Benjamin Franklin Station, Washington 4, D. C, "Inhibition and Promotion of Post-Mortem Lipid Hy- drolysis in the Flesh of Fish," by J. A. Lovern and June Olley, article, Journal of Food Science, vol. 27, November-December 1962, pp. 551-559, printed. Institute of Food Technologists, 510-522 North Hick- ory Street, Champaign, Il. "Post-Mortem Change of Fish Myosins. I--Some Phy- sicochemical Changes with Special Reference to Spe- cies and Lethal Conditions of Fish,'' by Taneko Suzuki and Masao Migita, article, Bulletin of the Japanese So- ciety of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 28, January 1962, pp. 61- Poa einteds Japanese Society of Scientific Fish- eries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan, October 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 85 "Summary of Chemical Data on Progressive Decom- position Studies of Cod, Haddock, and Perch," by Fred Hillig, L.R. Shelton Jr., and J. H. Loughrey, article, Journal of the Association of Official Agri- cultural Chemists, vol. 45, August 1962, pp. 724-731, printed. Association of Official Agricultural Chem- ists, P.O. Box 540, Benjamin Franklin Station, Washington 4, D.C, EAST AFRICA: Preparing Shipments to East Africa, OBR-63-13, 8 pp., printed, cents, Bureau of International Com- merce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., January 1963, (For sale by the Superinten- dent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Of- fice, Washington, D. C. 20402.) A report giving in- formation on preparation of shipments to Kenya, Tanganyika, Uganda, and Zanzibar (formerly com- prising British East Africa), Covers the preparation of shipping documents; information on labeling, marking, and packing; customs procedures; and re- lated subjects, ENZYMES: "Enzymatic Studies on the Muscle of Aquatic Animals. IV--Limiting Step in Aerobic Fructose 1 Glycolysis and the Formation of a Glycerophosphate in Fishand Mollusk Muscle," by Takeshi Shibata and Katsuji Yoshimura, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Societ of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 28, May {oa2- pp. 514- 518, printed, Japanese Society of Scientific Fish- eries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan, FATTY ACIDS: "The Free Fatty Acids of Cod Oil, 1--Anomalous Com- position by Fatty Acid Chain Length," by R. G, Ack- man, R.D. Burgher, and M, L, Hughes, article, Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 19, November 1962, pp. 1081-1084, printed. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Otta- wa, Canada, FISH CULTURE: "Phosphates Boost Yield in Malayan Fish Ponds," ar- ticle, New Scientist, vol. 16, November 1, 1962, p. 246, printed. Harrison, Raison and Co, Ltd,, Crom- well House, Fulwood Pl., High Holborn, London WC1, England, FISHERY STOCKS: "K Metodike Issledovaniya Rannikh Stadii Promyslov- ykh Ryb" (A Method for Studying the Early Stages of Commercially Valuable Fishes), by A.S. Baranen- kova, article, Biological Abstracts, vol. 40, no, 1, 1962, Abstract No. 390, printed. University of Penn- sylvania, 3815 Walnut St., Philadelphia 4, Pa. FISH MEAL: "Devons-Nous Prevoir la Fabrication de Farine de Poisson a Bord de Nos Futurs Chalutiers ?" (Must We Anticipate the Manufacture of Fish Meal Aboard Our Future Trawlers?), by R. Lenier, article, France Peche, no, 71, March 1963, pp. 15-17, printed in French, France Peche, Boite Postale 179, Lori- ent, France, "Supplemental Value of Fish Meal Protein in Relation to Other Sources of Protein in the Test Diet," by H. N. Waterhouse and H, M. Scott, article, Poultry Sci- ence, vol, 41, November 1962, pp. 1936-1939, printed. Poultry Science Association, Ohio State University, Columbus 10, Ohio. FISH METABOLISM: "The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle in Fish," by M. Gumb- mann and A. L. Tappel, article, Archives o ae chemistry and Biophysics, vol. 98, August 1962, pp. 262-270, printed. eedenne Press Inc., 111 5thAve., New York 3, N.Y. FISH POPULATIONS: "O Prichinakh Flyuktuatsii Chislennosti Ryb.,'' (The Cause of Fluctuations in the Size of Fish Populations), by G.V. Nikol'skii, article, Voprosy Ikhtiologii, vol. 1, no. 4, 1961, pp. 659-665, printed in Russian. Aka- demia Nauk, SSSR., Ikhtiologicheskaia Komissaia, Moscow, U.S.S.R. FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE: "An Improved Method for the Preparation of Fish Pro- tein Concentrate from Cod," by H. E. Power, article, Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol, 19, November 1962, pp. 1039-1045, printed. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada, "Performance of Rats Fed Fish Flour (Fish Protein Concentrate) or Casein as the Sole Source of Dietary Protein through Four Generations,'' by Harold E, Schendel and B, Connor Johnson, article, Journal of Nutrition, vol. 78, December 1962, pp. 457-460, printed. American Institute of Nutrition, 36th St. at Spruce, Philadelphia 4, Pa. FISH SCHOOLS: "Vliyanie Vnutrennikh Prilivnykh Volna na Sutochnye Vertikal'nye Migratsii Morskikh Promyslovykh Ryb" (The Effect of Internal Tidal Waves on The Daily Vertical Migration of Commercial Fish), by V.R. Fuks, article, Biological Abstracts, vol. 39, no. 6, part 1, 1962, Abstract No. , printed, University of Pennsylvania, 3815 Walnut St., Philadelphia 4, Pa. FLORIDA: (Florida State Board of Conservation, Division of Salt Water Fisheries) Fifteenth Biennial Report, 1961- 1962, 17 pp., illus., printed. Division of Salt Water Fisheries, Florida State Board of Conservation, Tallahassee, Fla. Discusses fisheries problems aris- ing from the population increase in Florida during 1961-1962 and measures used by the Division of Salt Water Fisheries to solve these problems. Outlines work done to improve the perennial problem of de- clining demand and consumption of mullet; reorgani- zation of enforcement group; organization of the Flor- ida Boating Safety Council; developments in the oys- ter industry; and changes in the shrimp industry. Summarizes research work conducted on spiny lob- sters, canning of mullet (lisa), offshore fish parasites of shrimp, vitamin B12 insea water (presumed pre- cursor of red tide pollutions), ecology of Florida Bay and shrimp biology. Includes statements of expendi- tures, reports of arrests and disposition, records of permits issued, and other related data. Summary of Florida Commercial Marine Landings, 1962, ey Albert Rosen and Richard K. Robinson, 63-2, 19 pp., printed, The Marine Laboratory, Institute of 86 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 10 Marine Science, University of Miami, 1 Rickenback- er Causeway, Virginia Key, Miami 49, Fla., April 1963, First of two parts. Contains tables of landings and values of fish and shellfish landed in Florida. Data are presented for each county in the State and summarized for the East Coast, West Coast and com- bined totals. A Survey of Offshore Fishing in Florida, by MartinA, ~ Moe, Jr., Professiona apers Series Number Four (also Florida State Board of Conservation, Marine Laboratory Contribution No, 72), 117 pp., illus., printed, Florida State Board of Conservation, Ma- rine Laboratory, Maritime Base, Bayboro Harbor, St. Petersburg, Fla., January 1963. The purpose of this survey was to obtain data on the major offshore fishing activity in Florida waters. These data in- cluded: information on the offshore boat population; identification and determination of the seasonality and extent of development of the offshore fisheries of each coastal county; determination of the degree of exploitation of the major commercially valuable offshore fishes by sport and commercial fishing ves- sels throughout the State; and reports of various local conditions that affect the offshore fishing of each coastal county. This survey provides extensive background information that will be very useful in future research on the offshore reef fishes. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION: FAO Catalogue of Fisheries Publications and Docu- ments, Su Tenent May Rea rebauary 1963 (Pro- visional ea, 8 pp., processed in English, French, and Spanish. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, 1963. Fisheries, by Klaus Sunnana, (Commission Paper /CP/IC/2a, World Food Congress, Washing- ton, D.C., June 4-18, 1963), 4 pp., processed. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, A pa- per, presented before the World Food Congress, which discusses a number of world-wide fishery eco- nomics problems. The fisheries may be of very great help in order to improve the food situation if the fisheries problems of all kinds are handled inthe right way as a global problem in the future, states the author. The matter of conservation of marine resources in both the North Atlantic and North Pa- cific is of great concern to countries which fish in these areas. There is need for marine researchand exploratory fishing in those areas as well as introp- ical and Southern Hemisphere waters, The develop- ment of the fisheries in many newly-emerging coun- tries should be based on fostering fish trades in the local markets as well as in foreign commerce, In- troduction of cold storage and refrigerated trans- port facilities and the use of mechanized vessels and modern gear are also of great importance, Increasing Food Production through Education, Re- search, and Extension, Freedom from Hunger Cam - paign Basic Study No, 9, 86 pp., illus., printed, $1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Na- tions, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, 1963, (For sale in United States by Columbia Uni- versity Press, International Documents Service, 2960 Broadway, New York 27, N. Y.) Marketing--Its Role in Increasing Productivity, Free- dom from Hunger Campaign Basic Study No. 4, 127 pp., illus., printed, $1.50, Food and Agriculture Organization, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, 1962. (For sale in United States by Columbia University Press, International Documents Service, 2960 Broadway, New York 27, N. Y.) Nutrition and Working Efficiency, Freedom from Hun- ger Campaign Basic Study No. 5, 56 pp., illus., printed, 50 cents. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, 1962. (For sale in United States by Co- lumbia University Press, International Documents Service, 2960 Broadway, New York 27, N. Y.) Third World Food Survey, Freedom from Hunger Cam- paign Basic Study No, 11, 111 pp., printed, $1.50. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Na- tions, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, 1963, (For sale in United States by Columbia Uni- versity Press, International Documents Service, 2960 Broadway, New York 27, N.Y.) Presents acom- prehensive picture of the present and past world food situation. Based on food balance sheet data for over 80 countries covering 95 percent of the world's pop- ulation, Also draws upon the food consumption and dietary surveys conducted in various parts of the world and introduces new statistical techniques in the study of food supplies and needs. Covers develop- ments in the world food situation; levels, patterns, and trends of food consumption; and hunger and mal- nutrition. Also discusses nutritional targets, food supply targets, the size of future food needs, and the possibilities of producing the required food. The Food and Agriculture Organization has published reports describing that Agency's activities under the Expanded Program for Technical Assistance for devel- oping the fisheries of many countries. These reports have not been published on a sales basis, but have been processed only for limited distribution to governments, libraries, and universities. Food and Agriculture Orga- nization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. Rapport Definitif au Gouvernement d'Haiti sur les Seches Maritimes én Haiti (Report to the Govern- ment of Haiti on the Marine Fisheries), by M. H. Routh, FAO Report No. 1290, 83 pp., illus., proc- essed in French, 1961, A detailed report covering the economic and sociological importance of the fish- ery; present organization of the fishing industry; growth during the three previous years; Government aid to the fisheries; and recommendations for future development, (Tunisia) La Preparation de Produits a Base de Sar- dinelle (Tunisia--the Preparation of Products from the Sardinella), by M.R. Vesterhus, FAO Report 1336, processed in French, 1961. (Nicaragua) El Desarrollo de un Proyecto de Pesque- rias Continentales en Dicho Pais (Nicaragua--the De- velopment of an Inland Fishery Project in this Coun- try), by S. Y. Lin, FAO Report No, 1347, processed in Spanish, Experimental Fish Culture Project in Uganda, by A. G, urtz, F. Report No. 1387, processed, 61, October 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 87 (India) Survey of the Fishery Resources of the Bay of Bengal, by V.M, Naumov, FAO Report No. 1393, processed, 1961. Development of Marine Fisheries Research in South- ern Hrazil by I. D. Richardson, FAO Report 1402, processed, 1961. Les Essais de Chalutage au Large des Cotes Tunisien- “nes (Experimental Large Trawler Fishing on the Tunisian Coast), by F. Bourgois and L, Farina, FAO Report No, 1410, processed in French, 1961, Los Recursos Camaroneros Panamenos (The Pana- Shrimp Resources), by L.K. Boerema, FAO manian Report No, 1423, processed in Spanish, 1961, (Yugoslavia) L'Ostreiculture et la Mytiliculture (De- uxieme Mission ster Culture svattoseciCaitare: Second Mission), by P. E. Lubet, FAO Report No. 1425, processed in French, 1961, (Peru) Produccion y Comercio de la Harina de Pes- cado (Peru--Fish Flour Production and Trade), by P, Petersen, FAO Report No, 1440, processed in Spanish, 1962, Second Report on Fish Marketing in Ghana, by J. L. Dibbs, F veport No, 1446, processed, 1962, Experimental and Exploratory Fishing in the Bay of Ben al, by N.I. Borisov, FAG eport No, 1466, FIt/ EPTA/1, processed, 1962. Report fo ihe Government of Puerto Rico ee the Re- source raisal Project for the Possible Mxpansion of Local Fisheries, by Erling O. Oswald, FRO Re- port No, 1482, FIt/EPTA 2, 25 pp., illus., processed, 1962, This report is the outcome of a ten-week project in Puerto Rico to appraise commercial pos- sibilities of pelagic fishing in the northwestern zone “of Puerto Rico and of demersal fishing north of Cu- “lebra Island and the Virgin Islands. Sudanese Shell Industry and Red Sea Fisheries, by W. Reed, FAO Report No. 1489, FIt7EPTA/73, processed, 1962, Improvement of Fish Utilization in India, by S, A. Beatty, FAO Report No. 1508, FIt/EPTA/8, proc- cessed, 1962, First Report to the Government of Ceylon on Fishin Boat Engineering, by E.R. Kvaran, Report No, Tsis FIVEPTAT?, 48 pp., illus., 1962, La Construction Navale pour les Peches (Vessel Con- struction for the Fisheries), by P. Gurtner, FAO Report No, 1522, FIt/EPTA 9, processed, 1962. Rapport au Governement de Republique de Niger sur Ia Situation et Evolution de la Peche (Report to the Government of the Republic of Niger on the Position and Development of the Fishery), by J. M.A. Daget, FAO Report No, 1525 FIb/EPTA/13, 53 pp., 1962. Report to the Government of Ceylon on a Project of ieland Fisherics Development in Ceylon 1955-1959, by 5. W. Ling, FAO Report No, 1527 FIb/EPTA/12, 43 pp., 1962. Informe al Gobierno de la Republica de Chile sobre Requisitos Necesarios para él Desarrollo de la In- dustria Pesquera (Report to the Government of Chile on Necessary Requirements for the Development of the Fishery Industry), by C.J. Molteno, FAO Report No, 1530 Fle/EPTA/14, 51 pp., illus., 1962. Informe al Gobierno de la Republica de Ecuador sobre Ta Biologia del Camaron (Report to the Government of the Republic of Ecuador on the Biology of the Shrimp), by R. W. Ellis, FAO Report No, 1537 FIb/ EPTA/11, 45 pp., illus., 1962. Second Report to the Government of India on Fishin Harbors, by B. W. Johnson, FAO Report No, 1538 FIt7EPTA/16, 99 pp., illus., 1962. Informe al Gobierno de la Republica de Chile sobre la Reconstruccion de la Flota Bes uera depues del Ter- remoto de Report to iieiGosaenmenter Chile— on the Reconstruction of the Fishing Fleet After the Earthquake of 1960), by Erik Estlander and U. F. Costaguta, FAO Report No, 1548 FIt/EPTA/18, 6pp., 1962. Rapport au Gouvernement de la Republique de Togo sur les Ports de Peche (Report to the Se ernnien of Togo on the Fishery Ports), by C. Ragnar Bjuke, FAO Report No, 1569, FIt/EPTA/21, 10 pp., 1962. Report to the Government of India on Experimental Trawling in the se of Bengal, by M. P. Poliakov- FAO Report No. s Fit ‘A/23, 31 pp., illus., 1962, Report to the Government of Ghana on Possibilities of Fish Culture in Lagoons, by T. V. RT ay, Report No, 1581 FIBTEPTA/24 5 pp., 1962. Ra tanie sur Enquete Generale sur la Peche Pratiquee sur les Cotes de la Mauritanie (Report to the Cov ernment of Mauritania on a General Investigation of the Traditional Fishery on the Coasts of Mauritania), by G.R, Valran, FAO Report No, 1605 Fle/EPTA/ 26, 1963, ort au Gouvernement de la Republique de Mauri- FOOD INDUSTRIES: Food Industries Manual (19th Edition), 1077 pp., illus., printed, s. (about US$11.80). Leonard Hill Ltd. Publishers, The Tower, Brook Green Rd., Hammer- smith, London W6, England, 1962, A technical and commercial compendium on the manufacture, pre- serving, packing, and storage of all food products. Alphabetically arranged to facilitate use, it gives data, tables, descriptions, recipes, and illustrations useful to the food industry. Contains, among others, a section on fish processing. FOREIGN TRADE: Implementing the Trade Expansion Act, Department oF State Publication No. 7 Sea. 16 pp., printed, 10 cents, Office of Media Services, Bureau of Public Affairs, U.S. Department of State, Washington, D.C., June 1963, (For sale by the Superintendent of Docu- 88 ments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washing- ton, D, C. 20402.) Includes excerpts from anaddress, "Readjusting United States Foreign Trade,' ' by Leonard Weiss; excerpts from an address, ''To the Detriment of None,'' by Christian A . Herter; and "Summary of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962," FREEZE-DRYING: "Army Hopes to Boost Soldier Combat Morale with Freeze-Dried Meals behind Lines," article, ick Frozen Foods, vol, 25, November 1962, pp. 101-102, printed New York 5, N.Y. "Vacuum Freeze-Dried Foods are Off to Promising Start in the Market Place," by John F, Maguire, ar- ticle, National Provisioner, vol, 147, October 6, 1962, pp. 141- , printed, National Provisioner Inc. 15 W. Huron St., Chicago 10, Ill, FREEZING: "Entirely New Quick-Freezing Machine," article, Frosted Food Field, July 1962, pp, 16-17, illus., printed. Frosted Food Field, 321 Broadway, New York 7, N.Y. "The Freezing Processes,'' by Donald K. Tressler, article, Quick Frozen Foods, vol. XXV, no, 11, June 1963, pp. 34-37, 4, ilfus., printed. Quick Frozen Foods, 1776 Broadway, New York 19, N.Y. The var- ious: methods of freezing and their limitations are outlined in popular language, enabling the processor to select the type best suited to his needs. This basic guide serves as a valuable reference to sales- men in speaking intelligently about advantages of freezing and the nature of the process employed at his plant, FROZEN FISH: "Modified Equipment for Measuring Changes in Fro- zen Fish by Love's Cell Fragility Method," by Leo- nard M. Coris and others, article, Nature, vol, 196, October 13, 1962, pp, 144-145, printed, St. Martin's Press Inc., 175 Fifth Ave., New York 10, N.Y. "Protein Denaturation in Frozen Fish, VII--Effect of the Onset and Resolution of Rigor Mortis on Dena- turation,"' by R.M. Love, article, Journal of the Sci- ence of Food and Agriculture, vol, 13, October 1962, pp. 934-545, erinteds The Society of Chemical In- dustry, 14 Belgrave Sq., London SW1, England, GADIFORMES; Gadiformes, by A. N. Svetovidov, OTS 63-11071, 313 pp., illus., processed, $3. (Translated from the Russian, Fauna SSSR, vol. IX, no, 4, 1948.) Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Com- merce, Washington D.C, 20230., 1962. Cods and closely related forms, GERMANY: "The Elbe as a Fishing Water," by M. L. Albrecht, article, Water Pollution Abstracts, vol, 35, no, 10, 1962, Abstract No. 2057, printed. H.M. Stationery Office, Atlantic House, Holborn Viaduct, London EC4, England. HALIBUT: Regulation and Investigation of the Pacific Halibut Fishery in 1961, Report of the International Pacific COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Lams W. Williams Publications Inc., 82 Wall St. Vol, 25, No. 10 Halibut Commission No, 32, 22 pp., illus., printed, International Pacific Halibut Commission, Univer- sity of Washington, Fisheries Hall #2, Seattle 5, Wash., 1962. A brief report of the accomplishments of the Commission during 1961 covering its historical background, activities during the year, 1961 regula- tions, statistics of the fishery, and length of fishing seasons. Also covers composition of the catches, growth studies, tagging experiments, studies ofhali- but below commercial size, and trawl survey of de- mersal species off the southern coast of central and western Alaska. HAWAII: Freshwater pishing in in Hawaii, 20 pp., illus., proc- essed. Division of Fish and Game, Department of Land and Natural Resources, 400 S, Beretania St., Honolulu 13, Hawaii. HERRING: "An Army in the Sea,'' by Bernard L, Gordon, 10 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Sea Frontiers, vol. 9, no, 3, July 1963, pp. 136-145.) International Oceanographic Foundation, University of Miami, The Marine Laboratory, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Mi- ami 49, Fla. HONG KONG: Preparing Shipments to Hong Kong, by Emily Eliza- eth L Syd, OBR-63=35, 8 pp., printed, 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., March 1963. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.) Covers the preparation of shipping documents; in- formation on labeling, marking, and packing; customs procedures; and related subjects, INDIA: Pisciculture, 64 pp., illus., printed in Rastra Bhasha Hindlo, Institute of Fisheries (Inland), Jaipur, Ra- jasthan, India, 1955, INTERNATIONAL COMMISSIONS: (International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission) Annual Report, 1962, 46 pp., illus., printed, Inter- national Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission, P.O. Box 1120, New Westminster, B. C., Canada, 1963. Discusses economic benefits derived from research and measures for rehabilitation of salmon stocks; commission meetings held during 1962; 1962 regu- lations and emergency amendments governing salm- on fisheries in the United States and Canada; fishery, escapement, and rehabilitation of sockeye salmon; status of the fishery, research, and rehabilitation of pink salmon; and watershed protection, Includes statistical data on sockeye salmon catch by gear; cyclic landings and packs of sockeye from convention waters; daily catches of sockeye and pinks from Unit- ed States and Canadian convention waters; Indian catches of sockeye; and escapement of sockeye and pinks to the Fraser River spawning areas, IRRADIATION: "USAEC Program on Radiation Preservation of Certain Fishand Fruits" and ' ‘Progress of Food Irradiation Workand Programmes in O,E,C.D, Member Coun- tries,'' article, Food Irradiation, vol. 3, no. 3, Jan- uary-March 1963, pp. A2-A4, A5-A15, processed, In- terdepartmental Committee on Radiation Preserva- October 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 89 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGAN) ZATION {$SSUING THEM. tion of Food, U. S. Department of Commerce, Wash- ington, D. C, 20230. JAPAN: Japanese Journal of qehbyol ogy vol, IX, nos, 1-6, October 31, 1962, 172 pp., illus., printed in Japanese and English. Nippon Gyogaku Shinkokai, Tsukiji 5- chome, 1-banchi, Kyobashi, Tokyo, Japan, Includes, among others, articles on: ''Studies Relevant to Mechanism Underlying the Fluctuation in the Catch of the Japanese Sardine, Sardinops melanosticta (Temminck and Schlegel),” by Z. Nakai; "Fishes of Egypt (U. A.R.),"' by Y. Suyehiro; and "Seasonal Change in the Gonads of the Land-Locked Salmonoid Fish, Ko-Ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis Temminck and Schlegel,"" by Y. Honma and EF, Tamura. KUWAIT: Establishing a Business in Kuwait, OBR-63-91, 8 pp., printed, is cents, Bureau of International Com- merce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washing- ton, D. C., April 1963. (For sale by the Superinten- dent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Of- fice, Washington, D.C. 20402.) Discusses the Gov- ernment's policy on investment, business organiza- tions, laws and regulations affecting employment, and other matters affecting the establishment and operation of business enterprises by non-Kuwait nationals, LIBYA: Licensing and Exchange Controls of Libya, OBR-63- , 4 pp., printed, if cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U.S, Department of Commerce, Wash- ington, D. C., April 1963. (For sale by the Superin- tendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.) Discusses the im- port and export controls of Libya, and United States import and export controls. LIVER OIL: "Variation of Biological Potency (Maleic Value) by the Difference of Extraction Methods of Fish Liver Oil," by Masamichi Toyomizu, Eijiro Saigusa, and Yukio Tomiyasu, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 33 March 1962, pp. 335-339, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan, which are often published in periodicals which may not normally be available in the libraries of univer- sity biology departments. These investigations are, however, of very general interest since they usually concentrate on the biology and ecology of a few indi- vidual species in greater detail than for other marine organisms. When possible, shorter review articles may also be included giving new developments and points in marine biology. General articles on the biology of marine organisms will include informa- tion on the environment insofar as it is necessary for an understanding of their habits. Although of value to biologists in general, this book will be even more valuable to those witha gener- al interest in marine biology. It is becoming more difficult to obtain a general picture of the over-all advances being made in our knowledge of the many aspects of life in the sea. Expansion of marine re- search in recent years and increased specialization have resulted in a mass of published results scattered through many periodicals and publications. Thus the summary articles planned for this annual serial book should help all those interested in the sea to keep a- breast of current research. The first article of this book is concerned with the rearing of bivalve mollusks. Included in the dis- cussion are equipment needed, conditioning for out- of-season spawning, cultivation of eggs and larvae, and rearing of different species. The other articles includedare: ''The Breeding of the North Atlantic Freshwater Eels;"' ''Some Aspects of Photoreception and Vision in Fishes;" ''The Biology of Coral Reefs;" and ''The Behaviour and Physiology of Herring and other Clupeids."' The book also contains an author and subject index. MARINE FUNGI: "Degradation of Lignocellulose Material by Marine Fungi,'' by Samuel P. Meyers and Ernest S. Rey- nolds, Contribution No. 369, 14 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Symposium on Marine Microbiology, pp. 315-328. The Marine Laboratory, University 5 Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. "Role of Marine Fungi in the Biochemistry of the Oceans. I--Establishment of Quantitative Technique for Cultivation, Growth Measurement and Production of Inocula,'' by Peter L. Sguros, Samuel P. Meyers, and Jacqueline Simms, Contribution No, 422, 15 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Mycologia, vol. LIV, no. 5, September-October 1962, pp, 521-535.) In- stitute of Marine Science, University of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. LOBSTERS: A Report to the Fishing Industry Regarding Lobster Disease (Gaffkaemia), by James E. Stewart and Joan F, MacDonald, New Series Circular No. 9, 2 pp., printed, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Technological Station, Halifax, N.S., Canada, Au- gust 8, 1962, MARINE MAMMALS: Mammals of Eastern Europe and Northern Asia, Carnivora, Fissipedia, Tae I, OTS 60-21819, 612 pp.; Mammals of U.S.8.R, and Adjacent Countries, Carnivora, Fissipedia and Pinnipedia, vol. Ill, OTS 60-820, 664 pp., i S. I. Ognev, hase! processed, $6.25 and $6.75 respectively. (Translated from the Russian, Zveri Vostochnoi Evropy i Severnoi Azii, vol, Il, 1931; Zveri i Prilechashehikh Stran, vol, III, 1935.) Office of Technical Services, U, 8. Department of Commerce, Washington, D, C, 20230, 1962, Included are such marine mammals as seals, sea otters, sea lions, and walruses. MARLIN: ''Postlarvae of the Blue Marlin, Makaira nigricans from Off Jamaica,'' by David K. Caldwell (Los Angeles MARINE BIOLOGY: Advances in Marine Biology, Volume I, edited by FS. Russell, 420 pp., printed, 84 s. ($11.76 in U.S.). Academic Press, 111 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y., April 1963, This is a new annual serial publication to help biologists keep abreast of knowledge in the different lines of research on the biology of marine organisms, Each annual volume is planned to con- tain comprehensive review articles summarizing the general position of our knowledge in individual fields, Attention will be given to recentadvances in fisheries biology, the results of the research on 90 County Museum, Los Angeles, Calif.), article, Bio- logical Abstracts, vol. 39, no, 6, part 1, 1962, Ab- stract No, 25500, printed, University of Pennsyl- vania, 3815 Walnut St., Philadelphia 4, Pa, "The Sport Fishery for Blue Marlin off Puerto Rico," by Donald S. Erdman, 3 pp., printed. (Reprinted from Transactions of the American Fisheries Soci- ety, vol. 91, no. 2, April 1962, pp. 225-227.) Divi- sion of Fisheries and Wildlife, Federal Aid Projects, Department of Agriculture, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico. MEETINGS AND PROCEEDINGS: "Atlantic Fisheries Technologists Conference in Lunenburg,"' by Mike Gillis, article, Canadian Fish- erman, vol, 50, January 1963, pp. 13-14, printed. National Business Publications Ltd., Gardenvale, Que., Canada. MEXICO: "Los Recursos Naturales de Mexico, III--Estado Ac- tual de la Investigaciones de Hidrobiologia y Pesca" (Natural Resources of Mexico. III--Actual Status of Investigations in Hydrobiology and Fishing), by Jose Alvarez and others, (Instituto Mexicano de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Mexico, D, F.), article, Bio- logical Abstracts, vol. 39, no. 6, part 1, 1962, Ab- stract No. , printed. University of Pennsyl- vania, 3815 Walnut St., Philadelphia 4, Pa. MOROCCO: Preparing Shipments to Morocco, by Birney A. Stokes am A, Fanos OBR-63-45, 8 pp., einted: 13 cents, Bureau of International Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., February 1963. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D, C. 20402) Covers the preparation of shipping documents; in- formation on labeling, marking, and packing; cus- toms procedures; entry, transit, and warehousing; and related subjects. NETS: "The Distribution of Stress on a Fishing Net. III--A Study of Fishing Net with a Certain Bar Broken,'' by Yasushi Kondo, article, Bulletin of the Japanese So- ciety of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 27, January 1961, pp. 17-21 printed, Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan, "The New Trends in Nets," article, Fishing Gazette, vol. 79, December 1962, pp. 14-15, 52, printed. Fish- ing Gazette Publishing Corp., 461 8th Ave., New York 1, N. Y. NORWAY: "Fresh from the Sea,'' by Tor Dahl, article, Norwe- ian Fishing and Maritime News, vol. 9, no. 3, 1962, pp. 10, 13, 21, printed. P.O. Box 740, Slottsgt. 3, Bergen, Norway. OCEANOGRAPHY: Deep-Sea Moorin tea 3 and Use with Unmanned nstrument Stations, by John D. Isaacs and others, 46 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the Uni- versit i California, vol, 8, no. March 14, 1963, pp. 271-312.) Scripps Institution of Oceanography COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 10 of the University of California, La Jolla, Calif, De- scribes methods that have been devised for mooring surface-instrument floats at fixed positions in the deep sea, The fundamental principles, the environ- mental factors, the design of equipment, and the over- all systems, techniques, and procedures at sea are discussed, Although most of the experience de- scribed has been with taut-wire moorings, the prin- ciples and the methods are of general application. Sources of information on environmental conditions in the ocean are listed, and examples of calculations are given, Employment Outlook for Oceanographers, by Howard V. Stambler, 4 pp., illus., processed. (Reprintedfrom Occupational Outlook Quarterly, vol. 7, no. 2, May 1503.) Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Washington, D. C. 20210. Discuss 3 the nature of the work; organizations employing ccea- nographers; training, other qualifications, and ad- vancement; outlook for future employment; and earn- ings and working conditions, Journal of the Oceanographical Society of Japan, 20th Anniversary Volume, AT Pp., illus., oriate in Eng- lish, French, Japanese, and Russian, $15, Oceano- graphical Society of Japan, c/o Japan Meteorological Agency, Otemachi, Chiyodaku, Tokyo, Japan, 1962. Includes, among many others, articles on: "Cyclic, Correlated Occurrence of World-Wide Anomalous Oceanographic Phenomena and Fisheries Conditions," by M. Uda; ''On the Deviation from Knudsen's Formu- la of the Density of Sea Waters and Its Bearing on the Productivity of the Sea,'' by Y. Fukuo; "Organic Compounds in Sea Water,'' by T. Koyama; "Species Distribution in Marine Phytoplankton," by T,. Braarud; "Distribution of Five Main Euphausiids in the Bering and the Northern Part of the North Pacific," by T. Nemoto; ''On the Action Mechanism of the Osmotic Balance Regulated by the 'T-Cl Character in Water Masses upon the Movements of the Pelagic Fish School," by I, Sakamoto; ''Tunas and Oceanic Condi- tions,'' by H. Yamanaka; ''Some Considerations on Photosynthesis of Phytoplankton from the Point of View of Productivity Measurement," by Y. Saijo and S. Ichimura; and "Breeding of the 'Kuruma! Prawn (Penaeus japonicus Bate),'’ by M. Hudinaga and M, Miyamura. Oceanographical Observation in the Pacific Ocean in ~ 1960, CETRO, Aust. Oceanogr. Cruise Rep. No. 3, H.M.A.S. Diamantina, 372 pp.; C.S.I.R.O. Aust. Ocea- nogr. Cruise Rep. No. 5, H.M.A.S. Gascoyne, 291 pp.; C.S.1.R.O. Aust. Oceanogr. Cruise Rep. No. 6, H.M.A.S. Gascoyne, 129 pp., illus., processed, Di- vision of Fisheries and Oceanography, Common- wealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organiza- tion, Melbourne, Australia, 1963. Oceanography, edited by Mary Sears, Publication No, 67, Bee pp., illus., printed, $14.75 regular, $12.50 to A.A.A.S, members. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1515 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washington 5, D. C., 1961. Lectures presented atthe International Oceanographic Congress, New York, N. Y., August 31-September 12, 1959, "WHOI--'Explores the Ocean in Detail',"' by Thomas H. Lineaweaver, Ill, article, Sea Frontiers, vol. 9, no, 2, May 1963, pp. 92-105, illus., printed, The In- October 1963 ternational Oceanographic Foundation, Institute of Marine Science, Universtiy of Miami, 1 Ricken- backer Causeway, Virginia Key, Miami 49, Fla. OHIO RIVER: "A quatic- Life Resources of the Ohio River," article, Water Pollution Abstracts, vol. 35, no, 9, 1962, Ab- stract No, 1731, printed, H. M. Stationery Office, Atlantic House, Holborn Viaduct, London EC4, Eng- land. OYSTERS: "Glazing Extends Storage Life of IQF Pacific Oyster Meats,'' by Richard W, Nelson, article, Frosted Food Field, vol, 36, no. 6, June 1963, pp. 42-44, printed, single copy $1. The Olsen Publishing Com- pany, 1445 N. 5th St., Milwaukee 12, Wis. PESTICIDES: "The Toxic Effect of Pentachlorophenate, a Herbicide, on Fishery Organisms in Coastal Waters, I--The Effect on Certain Fishes and Shrimp," by Tetuo Tomiyama and Katsumi Kawabe; "'II--The Effect of PCP on Conchocelis,"' by Tetuo Tomiyama, Kunio Kobayashi, and Katsumi Kawabe, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 28, March 1962, pp. 379-386, printed. Japanese So- ciety of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. PHILIPPINES: Preliminary Results of the Marine Fishery Biological Research Pro ramme, Technical Bulletin No. ; pp., illus., printed. griculture Information Divi- sion, Department of Agriculture and Natural Re- sources, Manila, Philippines, 1959, PHYSIOLOGY: "Evidences for Fat Secretion in the Intestine of the Fish,"' by Nestor R. Bottino and R.R. Brenner, ar- ticle, Journal of the American Oil Chemists! So- ciety, vol. 39, December 1962, pp. 519-520, printed. American Oil Chemists! Society, 35 East Wacker Dr., Chicago 1, Ill, POLLUTION: "Fisheries Statistics in Evaluating Claims of Pollu- tion}' by R. Tollefson, article, Water Pollution Ab- stract, vol. 35, no, 5, 1962, Abstract No. 1003, printed, H.M. Stationery Office, Atlantic House, Holborn Viaduct, London EC4, England, Pollution-Caused Fish Kills in 1962, Public Health Service Publication No, 847, 25 pp., printed, 20 cents. Basic Data Branch, Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control, Public Health Service, U.S. De- partment of Health, Education, and Welfare, Wash- ington, D.C., 1962. (For sale by the Superintend- ent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) PRESERVATION: "Fish Preservation Inquiries. Il--Crayfish Handling Practices (2); (3),""by A. R. Prater and W. A. Montgomery, articles, Fisheries Newsletter, vol. 21, November 1962, p. 25; vol. 21, December 1962, p. 21, respectively; printed. Commonwealth Fish- eries Office, Department of Primary Industry, Can- berra, Australia. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 91 PROTEIN: "Paper Electrophoresis of Structural Proteins of Fish Muscle,"' by M. Bistocchi, article, Chemical Ab- stracts, vol. 56, June 25, 1962, 15974g, printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Wash- ington 6, D.C, "Specific Variations of the Linkage of Thyroxine with Proteins of the Plasma in Fish," by J. Leloup (French Museum, Paris, France), article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 55, October 2, 1961, 20235f, printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, D. C. PROTOZOA: A Seasonal Ecological Study of Foraminifera from ~ Timbalier Bay, Louisiana, by Robert P. Waldron, Gulf TERE Reports, vol, 1, no, 4, February 1963, pp. 132-188, illus., printed. Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, Ocean Springs, Miss. PURSE SEINING: "Purse Seining with Lights from a Motorized Dory," by V.M. Kirillov, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 37, no. 1, 1961, pp. 27-31, printed in Russian, VNIRO Glavniproekta pri Gosplanie SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. QUALITY: "Eliminating the Human Element in Testing Fish," article, New Scientist, vol, 15, August 2, 1962, p. 238, printed. Harrison, Raison and Co, Ltd., Cromwell House, Fulwood Pl,, High Holborn, London WC1, England, "Quality of the Fish at the Port," article, Torry Re- search Station Annual Report, 1961, pp. [1-12; printed, Department of scentific and Industrial Re- search, Edinburgh, Scotland, 1962. RADIATION: "Radiation Pasteurization with Cobalt 60 cf Fresh Shrimp Prior to Freezing,'' by Arthur F, Novak, Joseph A, Liuzzo, and Lyle St, Amant, article, Quick Frozen Foods, vol. XXV, no, 11, June 1963, pp. 40-41, 140-142, 144, illus., printed. Quick Frozen Foods, 1776 Broadway, New York 19, N.Y. Describes the methods employed and results obtained in experi- ments conducted on the radiation pasteurization of shrimp. Fewer black spots, better taste and color resulted after three months! storage when shrimp were irradiated before freezing. According to the authors, ''Low-dose radiation, pasteurization, does not produce a sterile product, but is capable of de- stroying approximately 90 percent of the microor- ganisms present in shrimp, The important factor is that few chemical changes occur, and the unaltered product is organoleptically acceptable after low dose radiation treatment.'' The authors point out that, "It must be emphasized that the procedures employed for obtaining fresh shrimp, the method of handling and storing, and the time of holding prior to irradia- tion are factors involved in ascertaining the keeping qualities after irradiation. Quality of shrimp is not improved by radiation pasteurization, and it should be understood that only products of high initial qual- ity are likely to be preserved successfully." 92 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 10 RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES: Special Sources of Information on Isotopes, TID- 7503 (3rd Rev.), 99 pp., illus., processed. U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Isotopes Development, Washington 25, D. C., April 1962. Con- tains, among others, a list of reports on radiation preservation of foods. RAYS: "South by South-West --A Migration of Cownose Rays," by Paul W . Hess and Lee W, Miller, article, Estu- arine Bulletin, vol. 7, nos. 2 & 3, June 1963, pp. 3-5, illus., printed. University of Delaware, Department of Biological Sciences, Newark, Del. A brief de- scription of the migratory habits of some of the elasmobranch fish that enter the Delaware Bay, es- pecially the cownose ray. The cownose ray is es- sentially a semitropical species, but during the sum- mer it is foundin many areas along the eastern coast of the United States, northward to Cape Cod. REFRIGERATED SEA WATER: "Developments in Refrigerated Sea-Water Fish-Hold- ing,'' by M. Lorant, article, World Refrigeration, vol, 13, no, 7, July 1962, pp, 21-22, illus., printed. World Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, 1 Crane Ct., Fleet St., London EC4, England. SALMON: The Exploitation, Scientific Investigation and Manage- ment of Salmon (Genus ONCORHYNCHUS) Stocks on the Pacific Coast of Canadain Relation tothe Absten- tion Provisions of the North Pacific Fisheries Con- vention, Bulletin No. 9, 112 pp., illus., printed. In- ternational North Pacific Fisheries Commission, 6640 NW. Marine Dr., Vancouver, B, C., Canada, 1962. "Impaired Pigmentation in Chinook Salmon Fed Diets Deficient in Essential Fatty Acids,'' by Nicholas Nicholaidas, article, Journal of Nutrition, vol. 78, December 1962, pp. 431-437, printed. American Institute of Nutrition, 36th St. at Spruce, Philadel- phia 4, Pa, "Muscle Proteins of Pacific Salmon Oncorhynchus. III - The Separation of Muscle Proteins Soluble in Low Ionic Strength Salt Solutions by Starch Gel Electro- phoresis,'' by H. Tsuyuki, E. Roberts and R.E., A. Gadd, article, Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, vol. 40, July 1962, pp. 929-936, printed. National 2 esearch Council, Ottawa, Canada. Pink Salmon (ONCORHYNCHUS GORBUSCHA) in Northern Norway in the Year 1 ed et Norsk Resyme), by Magnus Berg, Scientia No. 17, 24 pp., illus., printed. Museum, Tromso, Norway, 1961. Red Salmon Spawning Ground Surveys in the Nushagak and Togiak Districts, Bristol Bay, 1960, by ilbur Church, Informational Leaflet No. 29, 14 pp., illus., processed, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Subport Bldg., Juneau, Alaska, June 18, 1963. Red Salmon Spawning Ground Surveys in the Nushagak “and Togiak Districts, Bristo Bay, Alaska, , bY Wilbur Shaves Informational Leaflet No. 30, 23pp., illus,, processed, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Subport Bldg., Juneau, Alaska, June 20, 1963, Salute to the Sockeye, 24 pp., illus., printed, Inter- national Pacific Soinon Fisheries Commission, New Westminister, B. C., Canada, 1958. "Testosterone, Conjugated and Free" in the Blood of Spawned Fraser River Sockeye Salmon eae nerka), by Dov Grajcer and D.R. Idler, article, Ca- nadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, vol. 39, October I96T, pp. -1593, printed. National Research Council, Sussex Street, Ottawa, Canada. "In Vivo Metabolism of Steroid Hormones by Sockeye Salmon, (A) Impaired Hormone Clearance in Mature and Spawned Pacific Salmon (O. nerka); (B) Precur- sors of 11-Ketotestosterone,'" by D. R. Idler and B. Truscott, FRB No. 770, 13 pp., illus., printed. (Re- printed from Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, vol. 41, 1963, pp. 875-887.) Canaeniat Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, Division of Administration, The National Research Council, Sus- sex Street, Ottawa, Canada, SCOTLAND: Scottish Fisheries Bulletin, No. 19, June 1963, 27 pp., illus., printed. Department of Agriculture and Fish- eries for Scotland, Edinburg, Scotland. Includes, among others, the following articles: "Forecast for Scottish North Sea and West Coast Fisheries in 1963," by B.B. Parrish and A, Saville; Measuring Seine Net Warp Tension,"' by W. Dicksonand M.J.D. Mowat; "Decline in Scottish Turbot Landings,"' by Bennet B. Rae; ''Fishing by 'Snella' (Hand-Reel),"' by S, D. E, Devlin; ''How to Distinguish Marketable from Non- Marketable Squid,"' by C. Davidson; "The Life His- tory of Salmon," by K. A. Pyefinch; and ''Pink-Fleshed Haddock," by B.B. Rae and R. Johnston. SEA BASS: "Status of the Cuban Serranid Fish, Paralabrax maculata,'' by C, Richard Robins and Walter A. Starck, II; Contribution No, 413, 1 p., printed. (Re- printed from Copeia, no, 4, December 31, 1962, p. 852.) The Marine Laboratory, University of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. SEA FLOOR: "Three Dimensions on the Sea Floor," by Edwin C, Buffington and Carl J, Shipek, article, Sea Frontiers, vol, 9, no. 2, May 1963, pp. 78-84, illus., printed. _ The International Oceanographic Foundation, Insti- tute of Marine Science, University of Miami, 1 Rick- enbacker Causeway, Virginia Key, Miami 49, Fla, SEALS: "Isolation of Five Myglobins From Seal,'' by Nevenka M. Rumen (Nobel Medical Institute, Stockholm, Swe- den), article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 56, April 2, 1962, 7669e, printed. The American Chemical So- ciety, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, D.C. Seals of Arctic and Eastern Canada, by A. W. Mans- field, Bulletin No. 137, 36 pp., illus., printed, C$1. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada, 1963, This bulletin is intended to provide a means of identifying the seals of arctic and eastern Canada, and a summary of the more important facts of their life histories. Most of the pinnipeds de- scribed have been actively exploited by man for many years. The harp and hooded seals, and the northern October 1963 fur seal, support multimillion dollar industries. Discusses additional names, characteristics, repro- duction, feeding, and distribution of the harbour seal, grey seal, harp seal, hooded seal, ringed seal, bearded seal, walrus, and northern fur seal. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 93 men and rarely does it reach the American dinner table, Many species of sharks (and most skates and rays) are delicious if properly pre- pared and cooked, In addi- SEA TROUT: "Irish Sea Trout," by Arthur E, J. Went, article, tion to their use as food, al- most every part of the shark's Scientific Proceedings, series B. vol. 1, no, 10, 1962, pp. 265-296, illus., printed. Royal Dublin Society, Dublin, Ireland. SEA URCHINS: "The Deoxyribonucleoproteins of Sea Urchin Sperm Extraction and Analyses," by Luigi Messineo, arti- cle, Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, vol. 96, March 1962, pp. =485, printed. easente Press Inc., 111 5th Ave., New York 3, N. Y. SENEGAL: Licensing and Exchange Controls of the Republic of Sene E by R.K. Sherwood and D, Taher, OBR: 63= Shp 8 pp., printed, 15 cents. Bureau of International Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Wash- ington, D.C., March 1963, (For sale by the Super- intendent of Documents, U.S, Government Printing Office, Washington, D, C. 20402.) Discusses Sene- gal's import licensing and administration of ex- change controls, and United States import and ex- port controls, SERRANID FISH: The Fishes of the Western Atlantic Serranoid Genus ~ GRAMMA, by James E. Bohike and John E. Randall, 20 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol, 115, no. 2, May 10, 1963, pp. 33-52.) Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 19th St. and the Parkway, Philadelphia 3, Pa, SHARKS: "The Dogfish--Plentiful, Palatable Pest," by Bernard L. Gordon, 2 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Frontiers, June 1963, pp. 152-153.) Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 19th St. and the Parkway, Philadelphia 3, Pa. Shadows in the Sea (The Sharks, Skates and Rays), by Harold W. McCormick and Tom Allen with Captain William E. Young, 428 pp., illus., printed, $10, Chilton Books, 525 Locust St., Philadelphia 6, Pa., 1963, Man's fear of sharks and similar denizens of the sea goes back in time. In recent years, man's increased leisure time has resulted in the expansion of pleasure boating, aqualung diving, and increased marine research. But reports also have indicated an increase in frequency of shark attacks. However, this increase is believed to be based more on man's increased use of the sea rather than any increase in or a change in the habits of sharks. In turn, this has led to the asking of these questions: What sharks are dangerous ? How dangerous? When, where, and strange anatomy through the years has been used for some commercial, chemical, med- ical, or other purpose. Be- fore the advent of synthetic vitamin A, the livers of cer- tain sharks were the most important natural source of that vitamin. A chemical produced in the liver of the shark is being used by medi- cal researchers in the study of cancer and heart disease. The authors of the book have gathered material from all over the world and have included many little known facts about the sharks and their relatives, These animals are among the most adaptable and har- dy forms of life on earth and have survived longer than most. Found all over the world from polar to equatorial seas, from shallow to deep waters, and from salt to fresh waters, their behavior towardman is unexplainable and still a mystery. In Part 1, the authors discuss shark against man. Part 2 concen- trates on man against shark, and included is a chapter on attempted methods of preventing shark attacks, precautions advised, and official warnings. Part 3 is most fascinating--it discusses sharks and their relatives in mythology, legend, folklore, and crime; sharks as food for man; and commercial shark fish- ing and the products obtained from them. Part 4 concentrates on the origin of the sharks and their relatives, and includes chapters which describe many species with a list of the more common Selachians of North America, For those who would like to try shark meat as food, an appendix contains many rec- ipes from shark chowder, shark patties, fried shark fillets, to shark a la newburg, fried skate, ''the shark fin dish,"'sharkfinsoup,andothers. Anyone interested in fishing, fisheries, the sea, and marine research will find the book invaluable, but it is also a book for the general reader because it is written in a readable style and is full.of general information. Included is a good index and an adequate bibliography. - -Joseph Pileggi SHELLFISH: "The Prevention of Yellow Discoloration of Shellfish, Especially of Frozen Scallop Ligament," by Yasuhiko Tsuchiya and others (Tohoku University, Sendai, Ja- pan), article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 56, June 11, 1962, 14676f, printed. The American Chemical So- ciety, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, D.C. under what conditions ? How can man protect him- SOUTH AFRICA REPUBLIC: self against them ? These and many similar ques- tions are answered by this new book, But covered in the book are more than just sharks--included are all of the Selachians (skates, sharks, sawfish--more than 600 known species), Shark meat is eaten by millions of people from England to Japan, but in general is not sought after by United States fisher - Licensing and Exchange Controls--Republic of South Africa, OBR-6 -86, pp., printed, 15 cents. Bu- reau of International Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., March 1963. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.) Contains information on the importand export control 94 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM, systems of South Africa, and United States import and export controls. SOUTH CAROLINA: A Contribution to the Biology of the King Whitings, ~ Genus MENTICIRRHUS, of South Carolina, by Charles M. Bearden, Contributions from Bears Bluff Lab- oratories No. 38, 25 pp., illus., printed. Bears Bluff Laboratories, Wadmalaw Island, S.C., June 1963. SPAIN: "Estudio sobre la Flota Pesquera Espanola y el Per- sonal Empleado en la Misma"' (Study of the Spanish Fishery Fleet and the Personnel Employed in It), article, Boletin de Informacion del Sindicato Na- cional de Ia Pesca, no, 54, March 1963, pp. 13-17, printed in Spanish. Sindicato Nacional de la Pesca, Paseo del Prado, 18-20, Madrid, Spain. SPINY LOBSTER: "The Freezing of Crustacea," by J. Deniel, article, Revue Generale du Froid, vol. 39, no, 1, January > pp. 33-97, printed in French. Association Francaise du Froid, 29 Blvd. St. Germain, Paris 6°), France, SPOILAGE: "Biochemical and Nutritional Studies on East Paki- stan Fish. I--The Applicability of an Improved Io- dine Absorption and Titratable Acidity Measurement to Investigate Fish Spoilage,"’ by M. Qudrat-i-Khuda, H.N. De, and J, C. Debnath, article, Chemical Ab- stracts, vol. 55, June 12, 1961, 11696c, printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, D.C, SQUID: "Giant Squid," by H. J. Turner, article, Oceanus, vol. IX, no, 4, June 1963, pp. 22-24, illus., printed. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass. ST, PIERRE AND MIQUELON: "Saint-Pierre et Miquelon dans le Marche Francais des Produits Surgeles" (Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the French Market for Deep Frozen Products), by Henri Claireaux, article, France Peche, no, 71, March 1963, pp. 36-38, illus., printed in French, France Peche, Boite Postale 179, Lorient, France. TAIWAN: Study on the Fishes From Ma-Kung, Pescadores Is- lands (Penghu), Taiwan, by Wen-Kuang Liaw, Re- port No, is 26 pp., illus., printed in Chinese. Tai- wan Fisheries Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan, 1960. TARIFFS: Tariff Schedules of the United States, Annotated, 1963, ~ TC Publication 103, 622 pp., printed, $5 (includes supplementary material for an indefinite period), United States Tariff Commission, Washington, D.C., August 1, 1963. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Wash- ington, D. C, 20402, Tariff Schedules of the United States, Annotated, 1963, will become effective on August 31. The new Schedules will simplify the de- termination and application of U.S. import duties. They will thus benefit domestic producers, who will have more dependable knowledge of the rates of duty applying to the types of products they sell and the Vol, 25, No. 10 materials they buy. The Schedules will alsobenefit importers and consumers. Entry into force of the new Schedules has been approved by the Contracting Parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and by the countries with which the United States still maintains bilateral trade agree- ments, Include duties on fish and shellfish, other fishery products and byproducts, and products used by and of interest to the fishing industry. TRADE LISTS: The U.S. Department of Commerce has published the following trade lists. Copies may be obtained by firms in the United States from the Commercial In- telligence Division, Bureau of International Com- merce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. 20230, or from Department of Commerce field offices at $1 each. Canneries and Frozen Foods--Producers and Ex- porters--Venezuela, 9 pp., April 1963. It Tists the names and addresses, size of firms, and types of products (including shrimp, sardines, tuna, and fish paste) handled by each firm. Oils (Animal, Fish, and Vegetable)--Importers, Deal- ers, Producers, Refiners, Exporters--Morocco, q pp., April 1963, Lists the names and addresses, size of firms, and types of products handled by each firm, Includes firms dealing in fish and whale oils. TRANSPORTATION: "Present Status of Refrigeration Trucking in Japan, ''- by M. Izawa, article, Bulletin of the International Institute of Refrigeration, vol. XLII, no. 1, 1963, pp. 36-47, printed. Institut International du Froid, 177, Boulevard Malesherbes, Paris (17e), France. TUNA: "Considerations Pratiques sur le Verdissement du Thon Tropical" (Practical Observations on Occur- rence of Green Meat of Tropical Tuna), by J. F. Aldrin, article, Revue de la Conserve, vol. 17, no, 7, September-October 1962, pp. 147-151, illus., printed in French, Revue de la Conserve, 1 Rue de la Reale, Paris 1, France, F.R.V. ‘Derwent Hunter," Report 33, 63 pp., illus., processed. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Division of Fisheries and Oceanography, Marine Biological Laboratory, Cro- nulla, Sydney, Australia, 1963. Discusses 9 cruises by this fishery research vessel during 1959 and 1960. These cruises were planned for tuna exploration in a wide area of southeast Australian waters. The ob- jective was to determine any association that might exist between the distribution of southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) and the type of water in which they were caught. For these investigations a tuna long-line was designed and assembled. The de- tails of this gear are given in the first section ofthis report, A short summary follows of the length fre- quency data of the southern bluefin caught on these cruises, and the relation between tuna and water con- ditions. In the final section the hydrology and tuna long-lining results of four of the cruises are given. "Keeping Flesh Color of Tuna and Yellowtail," by Michinori Yamaga, Kazuma Morioka, and Takeo Kawakami (Taiyo Fishery Co., Shimonoseki, Japan), October 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 95 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 56, April 2, 1962, 7758d, printed, The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, D. C, "New England Tuna--A Bright New Industry ?" article, Fishing Gazette, vol. 79, December 1962, pp. 12-13, printed, Fishing Gazette Publishing Corp., 461 8th Ave., New York 1, N, Y. "Packing Tuna in the U.S.," by R. Finch, article, Fish- ing News International, vol, 1, no. 4, July 1962, illus., printed, Arthur J. Heighway Publications, Ltd., Ludgate House, 110 Fleet St., London EC4, England. TUNA SEINERS: "Hornet--1962 Tuna Seiner Prototype in Steel," arti- cle, Pacific Fisherman, vol. 60, December 1962, pp. 13-15, 17, 19, printed. Miller Freeman Publica- tions, 71 Columbia St., Seattle 4, Wash. TUNISIA: Preparing Shipments to Tunisia, by M.E. Jeneid, OER 63-83, 8 pp., printed, 15 cents. Bureau of In- ternational Commerce, U.S. Department of Com- merce, Washington, D.C., April 1963. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C, 20402.) Presents information on shipping documents; labeling, mark- ing, and packing; entry, transit, and warehousing; customs procedures; and related subjects. TURKEY: Balik ve Balikcilik, vol. XI, nos. 5-6, May-June 1963, pp., illus., printed in Turkish with English table of contents, Et ve Balik Kurumu G, M., Balikcilik, Mudurlugu, Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey. Includes, among others, these articles: ''The Place of the Fisheries in the Five Year Development Plan," "Spiny Lobster," and ''Cautions Delaying the Oxi- dation and the Rancidity of Fish Oil. Antioxidizable Elements and Their Use." URUGUAY: Revista del Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras (Journal of the Institute of Fisheries Research), vol, 1, no, 2, 1962, 115 pp., illus., printed in Spanish with sumi.aries in French and English, Instituto de In- vestigaciones Pesqueras, Facultad de Veterinaria, Alberto Lasplaces, 1550, Montevideo, Uruguay. UTAH: Fishes of Utah, by William F, Sigler and Robert Rush Miller, 203 pp., illus., printed, paperback edition $1.25, cloth-bound edition $2.25. Utah State Depart- ment of Fish and Game, 1596 W. North Temple, Salt Lake City, Utah. Presents interestingly written chapters on sport fishing in Utah, the history of Utah fisheries, and the life histories of the fish species found in the State. Also contains an annotated check- list and keys to the fishes of Utah, a glossary of technical terms, aids to fish identification, artificial key to the families and subfamilies, keys to the spe- cies, a list of unsuccessful introductions of fishes into Utah waters, and a list of hybrids found inState waters, A nationally known artist has illustrated, in color, 19 game fish species. In addition each of the “9 fish species is illustrated in black and white. VENEZUELA: Licensing and Exchange Controls of Venezuela, OBR- 63-80, 8 pp., printed, 15 cents. Bureau of Interna- tional Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C., March 1963. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.) Discusses Venezuela's quantitative restrictions on imports, method of payment and receipt of foreign exchange, and United States import and export controls. VESSELS: "Fiberglass in Fishing Vessels," by Hugh McQuillan, article, Western Fisheries, vol. 65, November 1962, pp. 16-19, printed. Roy Wrigley Publications Ltd., 1104 Hornby St., Vancouver 1, B.C., Canada. "New Trends in Construction of Polish Fishing Ves- sels," by J. Swiecicki and D. Bogucki, article, Fish- ing News International, vol, 1, no. 4, July 1962, pp. -56, illus., printed, Arthur J. Heighway Publica- tions, Ltd., Ludgate House, 110 Fleet St., LondonEC4, England, VITAMIN A: "Extracting Vitamin A from Natural Oils," by Frank J. Servigne, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 57, July 23, 1962, 2345c, printed. The American Chemi- cal Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, D. C. WHALES: The Scientific Reports of the Whales Research Insti- “tute, no, 17, 508 pp., illus., printed. ales Re- search Institute, Geirui Kenkyusho, 12-4 Tsukishima- Nishigashi-dori, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Includes, among others, articles on: "Oceanography and Whaling Ground in the Subarctic Region of the Pacif- ic Ocean," by K. Nasu; "Studies on the Oil of Black Right Whale in the Northern Pacific Ocean," by H. Tsuyuki and U. Naruse; and '"'A Preliminary Study on Method of Time Marking with Lead-Salt and Tetracyc- line on the Teeth of Northern Fur Seal," by T, Yagi, M. Nishiwaki, and M. Nakajima. Whales (The Biology of the Cetaceans), by E, J. Slijper, translated by A. J. Pomerans, 475 pp., illus., printed, $12.50. Basic Books, 404 Park Ave. S,, New York 16, N. Y., 1962. Whales and whaling are not something that belong to the nineteenth century--they are just as active a subject today. About 40,000 of these use- ful mammals are being taken each year, mostly in the Antarctic. Whales, the giants of the animal king- dom, have been an interesting and romantic subject for centuries. The author, a Dutch anatomist and representative of the Netherlands at meetings of the International Whaling Commission and its scientific subcommittee, tells the whole remarkable story of whales. A revised translation of the author's Dutch Walvissen (1958), this book records the great ad- vances in whale biology during the past 50 years. The development of modern whaling methods has posed problems of applied biology which could only be solved by international investigations. The author in the preface points out that a keener interest by laymen (particularly coast-dwellers) in whales and dolphins will lead to more detailed study of these mammals because those people will be ina better position to study and observe than many an ex- pert. In this book the author has concentrated on whale physiology, anatomy, and behavior, After an interesting historical introduction, the author de- scribes the whales’ evolution and external appear- ances; locomotion and locomotory organs; respira- 96 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 10 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. tion; heart, circulation, and blood; behavior; hear+ | ence, University of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Cause- ing; production of sounds; and the senses and cen- way, Virginia Key, Miami 49, Fla. tral nervous system, Then the author discusses WHALING: feeding, metabolism, and presents a challenging " ere F 4 A chapter on the future of whales and whaling, Classi- Rate Sees ne ea Required tee ieee: Te fication of Cetacea, a bibliography, names of Ceta- Journal of the To : oO Universit of Fisheries vol ; ceans in different languages, and an index complete 47, no. 1, September Dp 1-93, printed. Tokyo HS Wee Ue A See address The following loans were approved from July 1, 1963, through September 30, 1963; New England and Middle Atlantic Areas: Salvatore Passanisi, Somerville, Mass. 50 $40,000; William B. McConnell, Pleasantville, Nei; $30,000; Samuel §S. Cottle, Jr., Wake- field, R.1., $10,000; and John C. Sisson, Wake- field, Riles $9,918; Under the Fishing Vessel Mortgage In- surance Program (also administered by the /Vol. 25, No. 11 Bureau) during the third quarter of 1963, 2 applications for $72,327 were received and 2 applications for $74,188 were approved. Since the program began (July 5, 1960), 30 applica- tions were received for $3,558,967. Of the total, 24 applications were approved for $2,203,163 and 6 applications for $1,318,304 were pending as of September 30 this year. Since the mortgage program began, applica- tions received and approved by area are: - New EnglandArea: Received 10($1,025,365), approved 8 ($775,365); California: Received and approved 1 ($5 ; South Atlantic and Gulf Area: Received 14 ($509,056), approved 11 ($400,752); Pacific Northwest: Received 5 ($1,467,546) approved 4 ($507,546). No applications for the Fishing Vessel Construction Differential Subsidy were re- ceived during the July-September quarter of 1963 as the authority to accept applications expired June 12, 1963. Since the beginning of the program on June 12, 1960, 13 applications were received for $1,101,770, of which 6 ap- plications were approved for $546,103, and 7 applications for $555,667 were pending, U. S. Foreign Trade AIRBORNE IMPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS, MAY 1963: Airborne fishery imports into the United States in May 1963 were up 20.5 percent in quantity and 26.6 percent in value from those in the previous month. Total airborne imports in January~ May 1963 were up 37.7 percent in quan- tity and 55.6 percent in value from those in the same peri- od of 1962. The increase was due mainly to larger ship- ments of shrimp. The data as issued do not show the state of all products-- fresh, frozen, or canned--but it is believed that the bulk of the airborne imports consists of fresh and frozen products, Pe U. S.¥/ Airborne Imports of Fishery Products, January~ May 1963 with Comparative Data - j= 1963 1963 Product and Ma: Jan.- May Origin2 Qty.3/ |Valued/ Qty. 3/ |Value4/| Qty.3/ | Value4/| 1,000] US$ {1,000 | US$ US$ Lbs. | 1,000 | Lbs. | 1,000 1,000 Fish: MEXICO sweyoeloltalelicieis 25.1 7.5| 124.3) 38.6 53.4 British Honduras ... 3.3 1.0 33. 8.6) - Honduras). <<). 5) «2» » = = 15, 4.0) = DADAN Wea velronenet ieetens| = = 2. 8,2 = United Kingdom .... 0.2 0.6 1.3 3.3 = TRAN sheen eels elles aie] « o oe 1.2 7.4 = (Table continued on next page) November 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW = U. S.4/ Airborne Imports of Fishery Products, January-May 1963 with Comparative Data (Contd.) 1963 1962 Product and Ma Jan.~ Jan.~ Ma: Origin 2/ Qty.3/ | Value#/ Qty. 3/ |Value4/| Qty.3/ | Value4/ 1,000] us$ |1,000 | US$ |1,000 US$ Lbs. | 1,000 | Lbs, | 1,000 Lbs. 1,000 IBLE cocoa gaddt 0.3} 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.5] Rumania ......... = 5 7 1.3 11.3 Panama.......+-- a = 2 7.8 1.3 Ioelanditworcnonelenoi en: 3 3 0.8 0.3 = = (CETEGCEY '5'6'6%0'0'0 oF = = = = = 5.0 Total Fish ......| 28.9 9.4] 179.7 71.0) 292.4 71.5 = 7 iss = Shrimp: Guatemala........ 15.6 8.2] 117.1 62,1 98.1 52.3 El Salvador ....... 18.3] 13.3] 163.5) 115.0} 208.1] 146.4 LONGULAaS eeu eyeieye-sisie|| @LO.9 8.6 22.7 11.9 a 2 Nicaragua ........ 63.4] 23.4] 256.8 85.0) 715.4) 241.5 CostapRicaleyciteelensiel= = = 284.0) 137.3 93.7 39.4 Panama...... 2... 115.8] 63.2 723.5) 389.6) 457.9] 230.4 Venezuela ........| 455.4|/ 226.0 |1,920.2} 941.4) 986.0] 470.4 EL CUAGOL le leier en eeters| neheD. 9.6 94.3 32.7 12.2 3.5 France .. oo00 5 2 2.6 0.9) S = WEECO 5 Ga nooolDad d 5.0 1.8 5.0 1.8 18.8 7.9 Netherlands Antilles . = ES 5 = 3.1 2,7 Total Shrimp.....| 712.3 s54. 900.4 1,777.7/2,593.3]1,194.5 — Shellfish other than Shrimp: WEECO sb Go ooo ooo 2.1 1.1 73.0) 42.6 27.8 16.1 British Honduras ...| 10.7 2.1 | 108.9) 78.5) 65.8 39.7 El Salvador ....... > = 5.0 3.6 = = Honduras, . 5 0.3 0.2 1.9 1.0 60.2 47,7 Nicaragua . odo olf Coos eke 71.3 49.3 0.4 0.3 Costa Rica..... eee > oy 73.8 60.1 1.4 1.3 Jamaica- js... ee 3.4 3.4 47.7 36.8 30.0 21.3 Netherlands Antilles . 3.7 2.6 32.8 20.9 14,2 9.3 Colombia......... Sibi e123 6.4 15.8 1.3 3.2 ESCUAGOT My Neijeiteleiel et ole a F 252 1.8 0.9 0.7 MUNISIAyp iene ioe el cies 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.9 o © Leeward and Wind- ward Islands..... o S 1.6 0.5 17.3 6.2 British Guiana ..... =. S, 1.7 0.3 7 = Canada ..........| 126.7] 65.6 | 128.5 66.3 20,7 7.8 Venezuela . cee = = 13.7 6.0 22.3 13.6 Panamaye irs es 2 3 e = z > z 1.0 1.0 Guatemala........ = S - = 7.4 3.9 Japanrepeneyeettewetencnetel| > aces S = / 0.3 Erancelejeie sie e.e)- June 1963 | 1962 June 1963 | 1962 13.9 37.2 41.6 614,1 14.9 38.4 23.1 559.9 72,4] 120.0 111.8 /126.7|779.2 Table 2 - Production of Fish Meal by Member Countries of the FEO, January-June 1963 June Jan.~ June Country, 1963 ee 1963 | 1962 ee ICelandiercnansiets tele JNorway ...seeree Pou aeoatias o. Africa (including Lise Wi Africa) ic ces 756.3 168.5 ]157.5 Total 945.7| 779.4 During the first half of 1963, Peru accounted for 78.8 per- cent of total fish-meal exports by FEO countries, followed by South Africa with 9.3 percent, Norway with 5.3 percent, Iceland with 4.8 percent, and Angola with 1.8 percent. (Re- gional Fisheries Attache for Europe, United States Embassy, Copenhagen, September 18, 1963.) 7K OK OK OK AK WORLD PRODUCTION, JULY 1963: World production of fish meal in July 1963 was down 27.3 percent from that in the same month of 1962, according to preliminary data from the International Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers, The decline was due mainly to lower production in Peru, the United States, Iceland, and Norway, Most of the principal countries producing fish meal sub- mit data to the Association monthly (see table), World Fish Meal Production by Countries, July 1963 Jan.-July Country Clanadaygenesest chest sree 5,335 5,914 49,193 Denmark veielterehe er e|) Lily 49m dd 100) 50,570 ELGANC Chawawelieteleielien siete 1,100 1,100 7,700 German Federal Rep. . 5,632 7,196 43,317 Netherlands ....... AU) 500 2,900 Spainieywalemey seen kode 1/ 2,117 15,829 Swedentivverercvconsheusrcu. 224 10 2,506 United Kingdom..... 7,250 7,287 44,935 United States...... 34,424] 50,436) 4/116,198}4/160,947 Ampolayaisvatsccienene 1,078 1,190|4/ 14,540 15,558 IcelandGireneueuekencwenens 6,316 | 19,094]4/ 45,884 51,424 INOLWAY? \c\eyetelene tens | ranec00!|| 368494 69,743 67,178 IRI G60 86 6 39,240 . O 5 740,747| 610,158 So. Afr. (incl. sw ‘Afr.) 30,487] 22,120 178,484] 180,316 Total,........./167,838 | 230,874] 1,382,262/1,302,531 1/Data not available. j2/Data available only for January-June. 3/Data available only for January-May. 4/Revised. lote: Belgium, Chile, Japan, and Morocco do not report their fish meal production to the International Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers at present. World fish meal production during the first 7 months of 1963 was 6.1 percent greater than in the same period of the previous year. Production in 1963 was boosted by heavier landings of anchoveta in Peru. But there was a sharp decline in production in the United States. Peru accounted for 53.6 percent of total fish meal produc- tion during January-July 1963, followed by South Africa with 12.9 percent and the United States with 8.4 percent. GULF AND CARIBBEAN COMMISSION SIXTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING HELD IN MIAMI: The Sixteenth Annual Session of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute was held in Miami, Fla., November 11-15, 1963. Thesite of the meeting on Key Biscayne was near the Institute of Marine Science, University of Mi- ami, making it convenient for those attending the meetings to visit the Institute. * Themes of the sessions held during the five-day meeting included: ''The Challenge to U. S. Fisheries," ''Shrimp Research Results," "Seafood and Public Health," ''Current Fish- November 1963 International (Contd.): eries Research,’ and ''The Future for Car- ibbean Fisheries." Other organizations which met concurrent- ly with the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries In- stitute were the Southeastern Fisheries As- sociation and the National Shrimp Congress. INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FISH MEAL MANUFACTURERS FOURTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE HELD IN PERU: The Fourth Annual Conference of the International Asso- ciation of Fish Meal Manufacturers was scheduled to be held Oct. 28-31, 1963, in Lima, Peru. The Conference was to coin- cide with the holding in Lima of the 3rd International Fair of the Pacific. The Peruvian fish meal industry, represented by the So- ciedad Nacional de Pesqueria, was host to the Conference. Over 100 delegates and observers from almost all the fish meal producing countries in the world, covering North and South America, Europe, Africa, and Asia, were expected to attend. The fact that some 60 of those were from coun- tries outside South America emphasizes both the impor- tance of and interest in the Peruvian fish meal industry, the largest in the world, and the importance which members attach to the International Association’s Annual Conference. Facilities were provided for visits to the Peruvian fish meal and fishing industries. The delegates and observers attending represent the lead- ing manufacturers and scientists in the industry. Those at- tending from outside South America met a large Peruvian delegation as well as many observers from Chile. Represent- atives from Mexico and the Argentine were invited. Denmark, Germany, Norway, South Africa, Great Britain, and the United States sent large delegations. Delegations were expected to attend from Canada, France, Iceland, the Netherlands, Portu- gal, Spain, and Sweden. Japan was expected to send observers, and plus official observers from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, probably from UNICEF, from CORFO inChile, and from the Fishmeal Ex- porters Organization (FEO). The International Association (which was formed in 1959) is the recognized international body representing the world fish meal industry and as such provides a valuable forum for discussions between producers, many of whom are also major exporters or whose countries are major importers as well as producers, concerning the many commercial, promotional, scientific, and technical problems affecting the industry. In this way, while the Association is not concerned with matters relating to price or actual marketing, it helps all producers to ensure a regular well marketed supply of high-quality fish meal, so essential in modern animal nutri- tion, It is also concerned with the expansion of markets in both developed and underdeveloped countries. Specific problems which have received attention during the year and which were considered at the Conference in- cluded an economic survey of the industry to help en- sure steady supplies to consumers and a fair and economic return to producers without unnecessary market fluctuations; a summary of promotional activities in various countries to see how these can be adopted in newer and expanding markets; and further publications on the use of fish meal in animal nutrition. The many scientific questions con- sidered included analytical methods and quality standards where the Association is closely collaborating with a num- ber of national and international bodies; fish flour for human consumption (fish protein concentrate), which is now arous- ing ever widening interest; and problems of international COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 53 feedstuffs regulations. These regulations involve liaison with the European Economic Community (EEC), and other Eu- ropean bodies. The Association actively collaborates and exchanges in- formation with FAO, WHO, and UNICEF, on a wide range of topics, and is interested particularly in the Freedom from Hunger Campaign and the development of fish protein con- centrate. It also collaborates with the European Federation for Animal Technology (FEZ), various official committees in the United States and the EEC, and with the Fishmeal Ex- porters Organization in the activities of FEO that relate to marketing promotion, exchange of statistics, and similar matters. INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA DEPOSIT OF INSTRUMENT OF ACCEPTANCE BY PARAGUAY: The Instrument of Acceptance by the Gov- ernment of the Republic of Paraguay of the In- ternational Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1960, was deposited with the Inter- Governmental Maritime Consultative Organi- zation on September 11, 1963. As of that date, the States which had accepted the Convention were as follows: Haiti, Norway, France, Re- public of Viet-Nam, Ghana, Peru, United States, Madagascar, Morocco, Spain, Greece, Japan, Tunisia, Cuba, and Paraguay. (United States Embassy, London, September 20, 1963.) NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES CONVENTION INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES CONSERVATION EFFORT URGED BY PRESIDENT: President Kennedy called for increased international coe operation in the conservation of fisheries resources ina strong statement issued on September 10, 1963, in which he ex- pressed his support for the abstention principle, The full text of the President’s statement, which was issued in con= junction with the opening of the North Pacific Treaty dis= cussions in Tokyo on September 16 follows: ‘“‘Ambassador Benjamin A, Smith II will lead a delega- tion being sent to Japan to discuss with Japan and Canada international arrangements for the conservation and use of fishing resources in the North Pacific Ocean, The discus= sions, which are scheduled to begin on September 16, rep= resent the second attempt to reach agreement on the ques= tions raised by Japan about the restrictions upon its rights under an existing convention relating to fishing in the North Pacific, The first attempt was made last June. ‘‘The abstention principle, which calls for the fishing re- strictions when certain criteria occur, will be the central issue in the new discussions, I believe this principle is sound and reasonable, Without restraints of this nature the nations of the world would run serious risks of depleting fisheries, We have already seen Atlantic halibut fisheries decline from 13,500,000 pounds to 300,000 pounds. In Bristol Bay, the record catch of 24,7 million salmon in 1938 has fallen to a level of 2,8 million, On the other hand, research and careful regulation have reStored depleted Pa- cific halibut fisheries from a low of 40 million pounds in 1923 to an annual average of 70 million pounds, ‘‘It is obvious that unless international conservation agreements are strictly enforced there is grave danger of 54 International (Contd.): permanent injury to our ocean resources, I hope that it is possible to implement Senate Resolution 392, which called for an international fishery conference so that such damage can be avoided, ‘‘In dealing with the North Pacific fisheries problems we shall be mindful of our responsibility for the preserva- tion of vital fishing resources, When the Convention cri= teria called for the removal of Bering Sea halibut from ab= stention, this was done despite the disadvantage to Ameri= can fishermen. We shall hope for the same understanding from other nations==to retain the abstention principle when appropriate=*for only in this way will it be possible to reach agreement in the common world interest.’ Senate Resolution 392, to which the President referred in his statement, was passed by the Senate on September 20, 1962. It calls for the convening of ‘‘an International Con- ference on the Conservation of Fishery Resources to cons sider the technical, economic, and scientific problems re= lating to the conservation, utilization, and regulation of living marine resources in the high seas and estuarine wa> ters of the world,’’ and the encouragement of ‘‘government, industrial, scientific, and technical participation in such \Conference on as wide a basis as may be practicable, . .’’ kok KK OK CONFERENCE RECONVENES IN TOKYO: On September 16, 1963, the Second Meet- ing of the Parties to the International Conven- tion for the High Seas Fisheries of the North Pacific Ocean opened in Tokyo, Japan. The meeting between delegates of the United States, Canada, and Japan is a continuation of anear- lier meeting held in Washington, D. C., in June 1963, and is primarily concerned with establishing the understandings necessary for the drafting of a new treaty to cover the salm- on and halibut fisheries of the North Pacific. Immediately after the opening session, it was apparent that the fundamental difference between the positions of the United States and Japan on the principal of ''abstention,'' which had ended the June meeting in deadlock, re- mained substantially unchanged. As a result, the proceedings moved at a slow pace. (Unit- ed States Embassy, Tokyo, September 20, 1963.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, October 1963 p. 43. Sia Angola COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW FISHERIES TRENDS, SEPTEMBER 1963: The Naval Commandant and Director of the Merchant Marine Commodor in Angola has announced plans to create an''Escola Profissional de Pesca'’ and a ''Casa dos Pescadores.'' At the same time it was an- nounced that a group of South African busi- Vol. 25, No. 11 nessmen were planning to visit Luanda to dis- cuss the further development of the spiny lob- ster fishery. (United States Consul, Luanda, September 26, 1963.) > LANDINGS BY OFFSHORE FISHING FLEET HIGHER IN 1962: In 1962 Argentina's commercial fisheries landings amounted to 92,326 metric tons (a- bout 204 million pounds), an increase of 1.8 percent over the 1961 landings, but 7.7 percent under the record 1960 landings of 99,984 tons. It is believed that the total 1963 fisheries land- ings will be about 110,000 tons. Argentina There is considerable public and official in- terest in exploiting Argentina's rich ocean-fish- eries resources, developing the present rath- er small fishing industry and expanding for- eign markets. In order to exploit these re- sources the Argentine Government has pre- pared a request to the Special Fund of the United Nations for assistance in a US$5 mil- lion 5-year plan for the study of its ocean fisheries and development of its ocean-fishing industry. This will be the early stage of plan- ning for an ambitious $25-30 million fishing- industry development program. In March 1962, the Argentine Government issued two decrees aimed at stimulating the local fishing industry by means of customs and taxation benefits and government credits. The use of the 1962 commercial fisheries landings for freezing, salting, canning, fish meal, and fish oil rose to 46,082 metric tons, a 17-percent increase over 1961, while fresh fish consumption declined to 45,939 tons. Ex- ports of fish and fish products rose to 2,532 tons, valued at $394,395, and imports slipped slightly to 2,560 tons, valued at $1,022,014. The convergence of the Antarctic Malvinas Current with the Equatorial Brazilian Cur- rent in an extensive continental shelf area off the Argentine coast betweenparallels38 and 44 degrees south latitude results in extreme- ly favorable conditions for deep sea trawlers. International fisheries experts estimate the annual possible yield of those waters at 3-3.5 million tons of fish per year, the preponder- ance of which would be fine species with higlr world market values. The deep-sea landings of 1962 represented slightly over jone-half the entire ocean landings November 1963 Argentina (Contd.): for the year--only a fractional increase over 1961--but it was the first year that the deep- sea landings exceeded the coastal landings. The increase in the deep-sea landings is ex- pected to continue with the addition of modern vessels in 1963. The relative stagnation of coastal fishing is expected to continue. The Atlantic coast resort city of Mar del Plata is the center of the Argentine fishing industry and in 1962 accounted for 72 percent of all of Argentina's ocean-fish landings. Mar del Plata is the home port for Argentina's 37 deep-sea fishing vessels, which landed 40,941 metric tons of fish in 1962, and also the home port for 204 old coastal vessels which landed 30,981 tons of the 40,919 tons landed by the entire Argentine coastal fleet of 400 vessels. There are an estimated 3,000 fishermen, mainly of Italian origin, at Mar del Plata. 'The''merluzza,'' similar to United States east coast whiting, accounted for 46 percent of the total ocean landings in 1962 as com- pared to 44 percent the previous year. The landings of miscellaneous species of fish was second to ''merluzza,"' displacing both the small anchovy and mackerel, the miscellane- ous species largely being used for fish-meal production. Shad (sabalo) composed 68 percent of the total landings of fresh-water fish in 1962, a year in which the fresh-water landings slump- ed considerably from 1961 and 1960. (United States Embassy, Buenos Aires, September 14, 1963.) We Australia JAPANESE BUYING AUSTRALIAN SHRIMP: The Japanese are outbidding United States importers for Australian frozen king shrimp. Also, the Japanese are at- tempting to tie-up the Australian production for the next three years, reports the July 1963 issue of (Australian) Fish Trades Gazette. Up to 9s. or US$1.01 a pound if.0.b. has been paid for frozen king shrimp tails by the Jap- ‘anese, and it is believed they have offered as much as 11s. or $1.23 a pound f.o.b. These prices are reported to be higher than those offered by United States buyers. Apart from the higher price, Australians say that the big advantage of dealing with Japan is that exporters are paid when the shrimp are delivered to the ship in Austra- lia. With the United States buyers, shrimp are sent ona consignment basis and exporters carry the risks as well as waiting longer for their money. This season, Japan is likely to get the entire export pack of Australian king shrimp. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 55 Japan’s interest in Australian shrimp has given a spurt to the exploitation of new grounds in Western Australia and the Gulf of Carpentaria. In Western Australia the industry is being geared to sup- ply Japan with a firm order, worth A&1,340,000 ($3 million), while the Queensland Government is helping to speed up the development of new grounds in the Gulf of Carpentaria, In Queensland, late in June 1963, the first commercial fishing expedition to the Gulf of Carpentaria left Bundaberg accompanied by a Government survey party. The expedition consisted of 8 trawlers which will later be joined by a freezer boat. It was organized and financed by a well-known Sydney firm. The fleet will operate out of Ka- rumba where shore installations have been set up and shrimp will be transported to Cairns or Townsville. The shrimp fleet is likely to move south during the ‘‘wet’’ season from December onwards, A Western Australian firm in July 1963 said it had firm orders from Japan for shrimp. The first order of shrimp for Japan was processed by the firm at Geraldton, The shrimp were caught outside the Shark Bay area but landed at that point and transported to Geraldton for processing. The firm was converting 4 spiny lobster freezer boats, fitted with new types of winches and nets, at a cost of AE3,000 ($6,700) each for deep-water shrimp fishing in the Exmouth Gulf area. A shrimp expert from the eastern States would supervise the initial stages of shrimp fishing in that area. The same company had been working with the Western Aus- tralia Fisheries Department and the Department of Indus- trial Development on plans to develop shrimp fishing north of Shark Bay. Another firm intends to bring a 126-foot supply and re- search ship, Kwinana Empress from the eastern States to work with the catching boat north of Shark Bay. The same company also has orders for shrimp from America, Fremantle Fishermen's Co-operative Society Ltd. had or- ders for shrimp from Italy. Also, a trial shipment of spiny lobster tails sent this year had been well received and pros- pects looked good for next season, (Australian Fish Trades \Review, July 1963.) ok OK KK SPINY LOBSTER FISHERY REGULATIONS FOR WESTERN AUSTRALIA AMENDED: Following investigations in the spiny lob- ster or crayfishing centers in|Western Aus- tralia by the Fishermen's Advisory Commit- tee, the Western |Australian Government has approved changes in the regulations govern- ing closed seasons, and the areas to be af- fected by those seasons, for spiny lobster in State waters. The new regulations will eliminate the previous division of areas by the 30° S. lati- tude. The closed season foun ly began on August 31 in the area south of 309 S. and on August 15 in the area north of 30° S. latitude. There is now a single closed season be- tween August 15 and November 14 each year in the waters bounded by 24° S, and 34° S, This area differs from the area previously 56 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Australia (Contd.): subject to closed seasons, which was bounded by 26° S, and 339 S. Old boundary New boundary Limit of Australian pro- claimed waters The map outlines the new areas af- fected by closed seasons (shown by solid line) compared with the old areas (dotted line). As previously, separate regulations will apply to the Abrolhos area. This area has been redefined by moving the southern and northern boundaries northwardby 30 minutes of latitude. The eastern and western bound- aries will continue to follow the same lines as before, but will extend northward from 27°30' S. to 29930' S., instead of 28° S. to 30° S. as previously. The date on which the closed season in the Abrolhos will begin will now be uniform with the date applied outside the Abrolhos, or August 15. The Abrolhos closed season will terminate on March 14 instead of (as previously) the last day of February. Notices under the Commonwealth Fisher - ies Act 1952-1959 will be issued to comple- ment the State regulations in the area of pro- claimed waters adjacent to those affected by the State regulations. (Fisheries Newsletter, September 1963.) OK OK KK TUNA FISHERY TRENDS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, 1963 A record 3,966 short tons of tuna were landed during South Australia's 1963 tuna Vol. 25, No. 11 season which ended in June, but production was well below the anticipated 5,000 tons. Al- though the tuna fleet increased in 1963, the average catch per vessel was 16 percent be- low that in the previous year. Good catches were taken at the start of the 1963 season, and by the end of February, land- ings had reached 1,931 tons--almost double the production during the corresponding peri- od in 1962--but catches were down sharply in April and May. Toward the end of the season, tuna were scattered and hard to hold at the surface. The weather was also poor. Southern Australia Tuna Landings, 1958-1963 No. of Vessels Landings Participating Short Tons 23 18 12 A disappointing tuna season from the point of view of most vessel owners has raised doubt as to the long-term potential of the fish- ery. At present, the fishery is not subject to any control, and because the industry has en- joyed a boom period over the last few years, the tuna fleet has rapidly expanded. The to- tal vessel capacity of the 1963 fleet was as- sessed at about 900 tons. Vessels have been operating on immature fish, but it may be possible with the introduc- tion of new fishing techniques to exploit adult stocks andas aresult to greatly increase land- ings. However, a change from the pole-and- line method to any other technique would in- volve considerable cost to the fisherman. (Fisheries Newsletter, Australia, August 1963.) OK OK KK WHALING STATION AT CARNARVON CLOSES: The Australian whaling station at Carnar- von, Western Australia, ceased operations on August 9,1963. This left only one active Aus- tralian whaling station locatedat Albany, West- ern Australia. The Carnarvon station began baleen whal- ing on July 6 and up to August 9 this yearhad taken 68 humpbacks, 3 sei, and one blue whale. To the same date (from June 6) it had taken 24 sperm whales. The Albany station began baleen whaling on June 13 and up to August 10 had taken 19 humpbacks.- To the same date (from March November 1963 Australia (Contd.): 10) it had taken 298 sperm whales. (Fisher- ies Newsletter, Australia, September 1963.) rl Brazil FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT: With the joint aims of providing additional protein for the Brazilian people and creating new export possibilities, an advisory group has proposed to the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture a series of measures which are to form the basis for a national policy on fisheries development. Strongly recommend- ed were measures for increasing the yield of coastal and river fisheries; establishing a fish-processing industry in northeast Brazil; and developing tuna, lobster, and shrimp fish- ing and processing for the internal market and for export. The advisory group also pro- posed building an offshore fishing fleet over the next 3 years composed of 82 large fishing vessels, 255 medium vessels, and 1,000 ves- sels in smaller categories. Offshore and river fishery stocks area potentially rich but basically undeveloped Brazilian natural resource. The Superin- tendencia do Desenvolvimento da Pesca (SUDEPE), responsible for administering the development program, will face practical problems in reeducating and coordinating the diverse elements of the traditional Brazilian fishing industry. Providing funds for the program may also be a problem. (United States Embassy, Rio de Janeiro, September 11, 1963.) Burma MARKET FOR CANNED SARDINES AND MACKEREL: During fiscal year 1961/62, Burma im- ported 8.2 million pounds of canned fish. Of that total, 98.8 percent was supplied by the South Africa Republic. (The United States supplied only 500 pounds.) However, since November 1962, all imports from South Afri- ca have been banned as Burma's contribution to the Afro-Asian boycott due to South Afri- can racial policies. Japan has replaced South Africa as the primary supplier of can- ned fish. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 57 Canned fish is a controlled item in Burma and the Government Civil Stores Committee No. 2 is solely responsible for the import and distribution. Canned fish in tomato sauce and canned fish in oil (sardines and saury packed in oval and tall tins) are popular in Burma. Other types of canned fish are imported in small quant.cy by hotels and restaurants. (United States Embassy, Rangoon, September 16, 1963.) Canada BRANDING IRONS USED TO MARK LARGE FISH IN MIGRATION STUDIES: As a result of the growing interest in the mackerel shark fishery off Nova Scotia, the Fisheries Research Board of Canada has started a study of shark migrations, since only limited information is available on their movements. Fig. 1 - Branding irons used to mark sharks. The larger iron at the right has the letters FRB (Fisheries Research Board). Any combination of numbers is possible since each figure is on a sep- arate iron. In fish migration studies, marking is usu- ally done by clipping off various combinations of fins, or by attaching some kind of tag tothe fish. Many of the tags used on large fish are of the dart type, that is, they are held in place by a barb in the flesh, while identifying data are carried in a suspended tube or on a plas- tic dangler. On large fish, dart tags are rel- atively small. Since many sharks are cut clear of fishing gear without being boated, it is important that they be marked conspicuously enough to at- tract attention in the water alongside the ves- | sel. Scars on the back or sides of large fish { are easily seen, so a branding technique was 58 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Canada (Contd.): Fig. 2 - Individual! branding iron. devised by the St. Andrews (New Brunswick) Biological Station of the Fisheries Research Board. Branding irons were heated in a gas- oline stove and used to mark fish with bold letters about 12 inches high and? inch deep. During 1962, a total of 23 sharks were mark- ed in that manner, and one of the branded sharks was recovered. That fish was marked with both a tag and a brand at Corsair Canyon on southeast Georges Bank and recaptured at Hydrographer Canyon about 150 miles to the southwest a month later. (Canadian Depart- ment of Fisheries, January 4, 1963.) Chile FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE TO BE ESTABLISHED: The Government of Chile and the United Nations Special Fund on August 31, 1963, signed an agreement covering the Plan of Operation for the establishment of a Fisher- ies Development Institute. The purpose of the project is to provide through a perman- ent Fisheries Development Institute the tech- nical basis for the accelerated development and rational exploitation and utilization of Chile's fisheries resources. The project, Vol. 25, No. 11 which originated with the Chilean Governments request in 1960 for technical assistance in the investigation and development of its fisheries resources, will be developed over a 5-year pe- riod at an estimated cost of US$4,958,300. The United Nations Special Fund will contribute US$1,327,550 toward the financing, and the Gov- ernment of Chile the equivalent of $3,630,750. The headquarters of the Fisheries Develop- ment Institute and its principal laboratory will be in Santiago. The Institute is to be a legal autonomous entity. To achieve its purpose, the Fisheries De- velopment Institute will undertake the follow- ing program: (1) To study the nature, distribution, and density of marine resources in Chilean wa- ters, as well as the effects of fishing on stocks presently being exploited; and to conduct re- lated oceanographic work. (2) To improve fishing methods, vessels, and gear (with special emphasis on small- craft fishermen), through experiments and demonstrations. (3) To study the marketing of fishery prod- ucts with particular reference to problems of handling, transportation, and distribution in national and foreign markets. (4) To draw up quality standards and es- tablish quality controls for fishery products; to train personnel in quality grading; and to establish an inspection service. To assist fishery processing plants to improve prod- ucts through better handling of fresh fish, better selection of raw material, better pack- ing, and improved factory efficiency. (5) To raise standards of technical skills of fishermen, processors, research workers, and other persons associated with the fisher- ies industry by improving the fisheries stud- ies offered by universities and technical schools. To encourage fishery cooperatives. (6) To improve statistical information in the fishing industry for use in economic and biological studies. Where appropriate, the studies of the Fish- eries Development Institute will be carried out in coordination with the Chilean Ministry of Agriculture, the Chilean Development Cor- poration (CORFO), universities, and other ap- propriate agencies. The Institute also will work in collaboration with the Marine Re- sources Research Institute in Peru, and the National Fisheries Institute in Ecuador, and will collaborate in the work of the Permanent Commission for the Conservation and Exploi- November 1963 Chile (Contd.): tation of the Marine Resources of the South Pacific. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations will act as executive agency for the Special Fund which will pro- vide the Project Manager of the Fisheries Development Institute and other experts and consultants required to carry out the ap- proved work program. An administrative council will be appointed by the Government of Chile to guide the work of the Institute. The Fisheries Development Institute is in- tended to be a continuing permanent institu- tion operating as an autonomous body. At the conclusion of the 5-year development proj- ect, the United Nations Special Fund will transfer the title of its equipment in the In- stitute to the Government of Chile. (United States Embassy, Santiago, September 25, 1963.) Kk Kk OK PERMITS REQUIRED FOR FOREIGN VESSELS FISHING WITHIN 200-MILE ZONE: By Decree 453 of July 18, 1963, the Gov- ernment of Chile limits operations of mother- or factoryship fishing vessels in Chilean wa- ters to the southern zone below the 37° S. latitude (off Coronel, or about 19 miles south of Concepcion). The Decree provides: (1) That only the Ministry of Agriculture may issue fishing permits for motherships or factoryships to operate within the 200- mile zone of Chile's territorial waters. (2) That requests for fishing permits for factoryships be accompanied by information as to the nature of fishing operations to be carried out, quantity of fish to be taken, length of time and location in the zone the factoryship expects to operate, date the ship desires to begin operation, actual period for the operations, port of discharge for prod- ucts processed by the ship, and port where the Chilean inspector should board the fac- toryship to assess charges on its take. (3) That no permit may be granted for factoryships to operate within the 200-mile zone of territorial waters from the northern limit of Chile south to the 37° parallel. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 59 This decree, like Decree 332, is intended to tighten the Government's control over the activities of foreign fishing vessels in the 200- mile zone claimed by Chile as its territorial waters. Strict application of the restrictions placed on operations of foreign vessels may encourage foreign capital to establish fish- processing plants within Chile particularly in view of the concessions and tax privileges available under the Fisheries Law to compa- nies engaged in all phases of the fishing in- dustry. (United States Embassy, Santiago, September 13, 1963.) Kk KOK OK JAPANESE FIRM TO PARTICIPATE IN SURVEY OF FISHERY RESOURCES: At the request of Chilean fishery authori- ties, a Japanese fishery company is planning to assist Chile in a survey of Chilean waters. One of the main purposes of the survey is to determine the extent of king crab and hake resources off Chile. Research vessels are Denmark LOWER SIZE LIMIT FOR NORWAY LOBSTERS DISCUSSED: Norway lobsters are caught by Danish fishermen mostly in the northerly part of the Kattegat. They are exported frozen as Dan- ish baby lobster tails’ to the United States (678,000 pounds valued at US$951,000 in1962). In early September 1963, the Danish Fisher - ies Association was determining whether a majority of north Jutland fishermen wished to request the Ministry of Fisheries to lower the minimum size from 15 centimeters (5.91 inches) to 13 centimeters (5.12 inches), the lower limit for Norway lobsters taken by Swedish and Norwegian fishermen, (Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe, U. S. Embassy, El Salvador INCREASE IN DUTY ON CANNED MACKEREL PROPOSED: As of early September 1963, it was probable. that the Salvadoran duty on canned mackerel 60 El Salvador (Contd.): would be raised from its preferential rate of US$5 per 100 kilograms (about 2.268 U. S. cents a pound). The new rate has not been announced but may be near $35 per 100 kilo- grams (about 15.876 U.S. cents a pound). It is believed that canned mackerel is one of the items whose tariff equalization for the Central American Common Market was a- greed upon at the technical level at a meet- ing held at Tegucigalpa, Honduras. The meet- ing of the Executive Council which was sched- uled for August 29 in San Salvador to consid- er the recommendations of the Tegucigalpa meeting was postponed and was held later in Guatemala. Apparently the recommendations of the technicians were being closely held until they were considered by the Executive Council. According to an official in the Salvadoran Ministry of Economy, the other countries of the Central American Common Market have already leveled their duty oncanned mackerel at a higher rate than that prevailing in El Salvador, and are asking El Salvador to a- gree to the higher level. Another official of the Ministry of Econo- my and one of the members of El Salvador's delegation to. the Tegucigalpa meeting stated that although he could not remember the exact figures he knew that the Salvadoran delegation, despite instructions to the con- trary, had agreed to higher figures set by the other countries. (United States Embassy, San Salvador, September 6, 1963.) Faroe Islands FISHING INDUSTRY TRENDS, 1952-1962, AND OUTLOOK: Summary: The Faroe Islands, a partly self-governing community within the Danish State, are located in the Atlantic Ocean about 800 miles northwest of Denmark. The Is- lands' population of 35,000 is almost wholly dependent on fishing. The record Faroese fisheries catch of 143,520 metric tons taken in 1962, mainly cod, came in large part from West Greenland waters with smaller quanti- ties from local Faroese grounds, the Barents Sea, and waters off Iceland and Newfoundland. The herring catch was taken mainly in the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 11 Norwegian Sea. Faroese trawlers as well as long-line and hand-line vessels take demersal fish, while gill-net and purse-seine vessels catch herring. About 6,900 fishermen are en- gaged in the industry with a declining number employed on foreign vessels. About three- fourths of the Faroese catch is processed into wet- and dry-salted fish and salted herring. Other products are iced and frozen fish. The production of canned fish and fish meal and oil is negligible. The most important exports are dry- and wet-salted fish to Southern Eu- ropean countries and Brazil; iced fish to the United Kingdom; salted herring to European countries; and frozen fish fillets to the United States. Table 1 - Fisheries Catch by Faroese Vessels, 1952-1962 Hemg Demersal Speciesl/ 1/Includes cod, haddock, halibut, ling, plaice, saithe, tusk, porbeagle, Norway lobster, redfish, and catfish. 2/Round fresh weight, Note: Includes landings in foreign ports. Fisheries Landings: The record Faroese fisheries landings in 1962 were 19 percent greater than in 1961, the previous record year, and 48 percent over the 10-year aver- age during 1953-1962. Demersal fish--cod, haddock, halibut, ling, plaice, saithe, tusk, porbeagle, Norway lobster, ocean perch, and catfish--made up 93 percent of the catch in 1962. The increase in the 1962 landings was due to a gain in the cod catch which more Table 2 - Catch of Herring by Faroese Vessels, by Fishing Grounds, 1952-1962 Fishing Grounds (Metric Tonsl/J)..... 9, 680 16, 875 10,972 690 1/Round fresh weight. November 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 61 Faroe Islands (Contd.): Table 3 - Fisheries Catch (Except Herring) by Faroese Vessels, by Species and Fishing Grounds, 1962 with Comparative Data F Fishing Grounds New ipaelaoel AemGteraland than offset a decline in herring landings due of Southern European countries to produce to bad weather. more of their own cured fish. The share of the catch marketed fresh, however, advanced Fishing Grounds: In the past ten years, from 6.2 percent in 1953 to 20.5 percent in there has been a strong shift in Faroese fish- | 1961, dropping back to 16.3 percent in 1962 ing effort to the waters off Greenland--most- | when lower market prices prevailed in Brit- ly West Greenland. Almost 70 percent of the | ish ports. Between 1953 and 1962, the part demersal fish catch was taken from Green- of the catch devoted to freezing increased land fishing grounds in 1962, as compared from only 0.2 percent to 7.5 percent, due with only 38 percent in 1953, The greater mainly to the demand for fillets and blocks in catches off Greenland have resulted fromthe | the United States. addition of larger, better equipped vessels to the fishing fleet. Table 5 - Faroese Fisheries Catch and Disposition, 1952-1962 Disposition Table 4 - Faroese |___Table 4 - Faroese Fishing Fleet, a 1, 1963 Steel ... Wood: 20-70 G.R.T. u Over 70 G.I 143, 520 120,078 Steam trawlers2/ , ! ae Sater MISSES ss [ie = case Pee 1/Gross ee tons. 2 /Hand-line and long-line vessels. 1/Round fresh weight basis. ‘Note: Includes landings in foreign ports. Disposition of Catch: In the past tenyears, Future Production and Markets: The pro- the disposition of the Faroese fisheries catch | duction of dry-salted fish may continue to de- has changed markedly. From a peak of 92.4 cline. The large, more desirable sizes of cod percent in 1953, the portion used for curing are less readily available since Iceland ex- dropped steadily to only 76 percent in 1962, tended its fishery limits. Former importers, reflecting market demand and the tendency such as Spain, are importing more wet-salted 62 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Faroe Islands (Contd.): cod as well as producing more of their cured fishrequirements. Dry-saltedfishsales are now limited largely to Brazil where varia- tions in the value of the currency present problems. Faroese wet-salted fish currently are in good demand even in producing countries such as Norway and Iceland. Faroese ex- por*ers do not handle all the wet-salted fish produced by Faroese vessels. Foreign buy- ers often request that Faroese fishing ves- sels land their wet-salted fish directly in European ports. The United Kingdom is practically the sole market for iced Faroese fish. Ifprices are no more favorable than in 1962, less iced fish will be landed there and more will be processedinthe Faroe Islands. The same will be true if British fishery groups block landings of iced fish when Faroese fishery limits are extended on March 12, 1964. The production of frozen fillets should continue to increase with the bulk going to the United States. Other countries also are becoming more important buyers. Soviet Bloc countries--East Germany, in particular-- are taking increasing quantities of Faroese saithe fillets, a cheaper product than cod or haddock. If the British block landings of iced Faroese fish, or if the Faroese exploit more fully the nearby Faroese and Icelandic grounds, the supply of fish for filleting may increase substantially. Salted herring production varies with the catch, which was poor in 1962. Contracts have been made with Sweden, Denmark, and the Soviet Union for substantial shipments of salt herring from the 1963 production. Porbeagle production from the present Northwest Atlantic grounds is expected to taper off beginning in 1964 because of di- minishing resources. Morevessels are ex- pected to enter the fishery from Nordic countries, making it less profitable. The Italian market also is limited in the quantity it can take at profitable prices. At least one porbeagle fishing vessel plans to seek tuna with long lines in the Western Atlantic, the Caribbean Sea, and later off Northwest Afri- ca. If the porbeagle fishery becomes un- profitable, the freezerships in the fishery will probably operate in Greenland waters, freezing groundfish. Vol. 25, No. 11 Since the demand for Norway lobsters is good, production may be expected to increase. (Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe, Unit- ed States Embassy, Copenhagen, October 2, 1963.) German Federal Republic FISHING INDUSTRY PROPOSES FREE INTERNATIONAL MARKET FOR NORTH SEA AREA: The German Fishing Industry Federation has called for a free international market in fish for the entire North Sea area. A federation spokesman in Hamburg saw the proposed European fisheries union as one which would embrace all European Economic Community (EEC) countries and others with seaboards in the area. The spokesman suggested that such a union would have a greater economic effect than a common EEC fishing policy, which would have to take into account the entirely different in- terests of North Sea and Mediterranean fish- eries. The spokesman said that the proposed union would imply cooperation between EEC and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). All members would enjoy the same status, and membership would entail full fishing rights for all within each other's territorial waters. Each would have the right to land catches in any harbor in any member country, the spokesman said. (EFTA Reporter, Octo- ber 1, 1963.) Ghana CONTRACTS FOR JAPANESE-BUILT FISHING VESSELS: A E£G5.7 million (US$16 million) contract for the construction of 10 stern trawlers and 2 carrier vessels for the Ghana Fishing Cor- poration was signed by Ghana's Minister of Agriculture and a Japanese shipbuilding and engineering firm, on August 6, 1963. Accord- ing to Ghanaian newspaper reports, 5 of the trawlers will be 1,350 tons each, the other 5 of 1,850 tons, and the carriers 1,200 tons. November 1963 Ghana (Contd.): The first two of the vessels will arrive in Ghana in November 1964. Delivery of the vessels is expected to be completed in 1967 and payments will extend over seven years. (United States Embassy, Accra, August 11, 1963.) HK OK Ok TWO BRITISH-BUILT STERN TRAWLERS RECEIVED: Ghana's Minister of Agriculture was the principal speaker at a ceremony at Tema Harbor in Ghana, on August 6, 1963, to wel- come two British-built stern trawlers. Pur- chased from a British shipyard as part of a £G970,200 (US$2.7 million) contract signed in 1961, the vessels are 127'6'' long with 29'6'' beams and 11'8'' molded depths. They are Diesel-powered and can store 240 metric tons of fish under refrigeration. In his welcoming speech the Minister stated that the vessels were the first to be delivered to the Ghana Fishing Corporation and would form the nucleus of the Corpora- tion's fishing fleet. Actually, the trawlers are not the ''first'' deliveries as the British shipbuilding firm also supplied two tuna purse seiners in 1962, but they were later returned to England for repairs and reportedly sold. (United States Embassy, Accra, August 11, 1963.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1963 p. 92. Haiti: UNITED STATES FIRM TO ESTABLISH FISHING ENTERPRISE IN HAITI: A contract to establish a fishing enterprise in Haiti was signed in March 1963, between a New York City wholesale fishery firm and three members of the Haitian Cabinet. The contract was published in the official Haitian Government organ Le Moniteur No. 256, on March 15, 1963, and was in force as a de- cree as of the date of publication. The de- cree provides certain exclusive rights and privileges to the United States firm for the ten-year duration of the contract which is renewable at the option of the parties in- volved. The capital of the new firm to be Set up in Haiti will be $50,000. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 63 Under the terms of the contract, the Haitian Government authorizes the United States firm (1) to engage in the fishing industry and trade on the northern, western, and southern coasts of Haiti, and in frog breeding; (2) the Haitian Government shall lease to the Contractor, land necessary for the development of this enter- prise along the coast; (3) install one or more plants in Haiti on all spots where natural sources permit centralized preparation, freez- ing, storage, packing, and shipping in the coast- al area at Port-au-Prince or outside that city; (4) give to the Contractor all facilities and necessary privileges to utilize his own ships, boats, or other means of sea transportation in use in fishing industries. (United States Embassy, Port-au-Prince, August 9, 1963.) Iceland EXPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS, JANUARY-JUNE 1963: During January-June 1963, there was a considerable increase in exports of frozen herring and herring meal as compared with the same period in 1962, according to the Sta- tistical Bureau of Iceland's Statistical Bulle- tin, August 1963. Exports of fish meal and herring oil showed a considerable decrease in the first 6 months of 1963. Icelandic Fishery Exports, January-June 1963 with Comparisons —— Jan,~June 1963 Jan.-June 1962 Product Qty. Value f.0.b Qty. Value f.0.b. Ta =| Metric | 1,000 | US$ Metric] 1,000 US$ Tons Kr. }1,000 Tons Kr. | 1,000 Saltedifish tdriediqey.vsre(atel-ta)sist-fal eve 1,411] 28,467) 660 1,324] 25,566 593 Salted fish, uncured... ....0...004 | 14,446 |.185,887) 4,313 17,403) 211,821] 4,914 Salted fish fillets... ......0..0208 | 767), 8,877 206 817) 10,591 246 |WingsNsaltedhaiert-rree wyercieisierencne | 1,402 |' 17,499) 406 837 9,624 223 |Stockfishigersversycccyecevenctetsnclererevenenebe 3,034]) 81,538) 1,892 4,851} 124,240) 2,882 Herring) onjice Te cies ti. o selehey ee leone 7,224]| 23,417) 543 4,899) 17,144 398 Othenrsfish Onlicewerey.: evel cievepeieicsetanete 17,753 || 90,360) 2,096 | 13,077] 59,608} 1,383 Herning frOZenisr sets sisle cbesete, se usteneye 4,212 ||131,593| 3,053 14,717] 79,213) 1,838 Other frozen fish, whole , | 1,612 18,698 434 918} 11,982 278 Frozen fish fillets . ee | 28,668 | \522,645)12,125 | 28,328] 485,229 /11,257 Shrimp and lobster, frozen . soe 180] | 17,876 415 97 8,522 198 Roessfrozenjvsue crea ee cere 659] | 10,497} 244 597| 11,377 264 Gannedifishyeveleicreketeisloherateteueleastene 105 6,622 154 120 6,873 159 GodzliversoilPipeevstsve caetevers ti recatere 4,609| 31,749) 737 2,533! 20,403 473 Lumpfish roes, salted ........... 218 3,568 83 291 4,421 103 Other roes for food, salted ........ 3,176) 44,919} 1,042 2,743] 37,899 879 Roes for bait, salted, ....... 0000s 974 7,203 167 311 2,113 49 Herring salted |ist)svccieveretesetcictevelere 17,520] 166,658} 3,866 | 16,620] 149,570] 3,470 Herring/oiliysjereieneieiehescictetedsteversyars 15,614] 62,717) 1,455 | 19,917] 85,740] 1,989 Ocean perch oil . 116 515 12 15 59 1 Whale oil... 2... 2,035| 11,042 256 388 2,558 59 Fish meal ..., 5,614] 33,294) 772 16,397] 102,148] 2,370 HerringsmealWaretevehecclorshel-vere) cteuerers 32,368] 198,149] 4,597 | 22,102] 140,776] 3,266 Oceanjperchimeallerc tyofercicicisie one 956 4,479] 104 34 204 5 Wastes of fish, frozen..........0.5 1,095 3,295) 76 2,456 5,987 139 Riverimealyyejcreicie oheyshe, ote . 283 1,970) 46 180 1,185 27 Whalejmealisp ici erties nie . 100 558) 13 302 1,567 36 {Whale meat, frozen 838 5,887, 137 151 1,097 25 [Note Values converted at rate of | kro: qual: 32U.S Dts. OK RK OK EXPORTS OF FISH OILS, JANUARY -JUNE 1963: Iceland's exports of herring oil during the first 6 months of 1963 declined by 22 percent 64 Iceland (Contd.): to 17,212 short tons from 21,954 tons in the comparable period a year earlier. Exports of cod liver oil (including non- freezing, nondestearinated, and industrial cod liver oil) amounted to 5,080 tons in Jan- uary-June 1963--up from the 2,793 tons ex- ported in January-June 1962. Exports of redfish (ocean perch) oil totaled 127 tons in January-June 1963 as compared with 16 tons in January-June 1962. (Foreign Agriculture, October 7, 1963.) Ok KOK OK NEWLY CONVERTED FREEZER TRAWLER'S MAIDEN TRIP SUCCESSFUL: The Icelandic side trawler Narfi, convert- ed recently to a freezer trawler, made asuc- cessful first voyage to the Greenland grounds, after spending three days in Icelandic waters testing the freezing equipment. Most of the catch consisted of medium- size cod which, with some haddock, was headed and frozen into blocks. A total of 5,820 blocks was landed at Grimsby, the to- tal catch amounting to 302 tons. The catch- ing rate on the grounds was about 16 tons per day of all fish and the freezing rate 12 tons per day. Quality was said to be excel- lent, due, it is thought, to the improved freez- ing equipment which insures better contact between plates and fish, and to the care taken in bleeding and washing the fish on board. The Narfi conversion involved the building of covered accommodation for the freezers on the port well deck and other modifications, carried out by a Bremerhaven shipyard. (World Fishing, September 1963.) Indonesia NEW OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSEL DELIVERED: A new oceanographic research vessel, the Jalanidhi, was delivered to the Indonesia Government on January 12, 1963. Construc- tion began on August 4, 1962, and she was launched on October 29, 1962. The Jalanidhi was scheduled to participate in the Interna- tional Indian Ocean Expedition. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 11 The Jalanidhi is 746 gross tons; 53.9 meters (176.8 feet) over-all length; and is fitted with Diesel machinery. Accommodation is provided for 12 officers, 26 crewmen, and 26 research workers. She is fitted with a balloon station, a code recorder, and radiosonde equipment for aerological observation. Other equipment includes a precision echo sounder for 10,000- meter deep-sea use, a fish''mirror' (anecho sounder operable in all directions), a tele- finder, and an echo sounder for detecting characteristics of the bottom of the sea. In addition, there is a carbon-14 tracer for the measurement of basic productivity of sea- water samples and a soft X-ray projector for X-ray observation of fish. For experiments on embryological and physiological studies of plankton, fish eggs and larvae for estimation of stock size and fluctuation of fisheries re- sources, a graduated thermal incubator is in- stalled, and there is also a nongraduated ther- mal incubator for embryological and taxonom- ical studies of fish eggs and larvae. (National Oceanographic Data Center, Newsletter, July Sle LO63)) lran UNITED STATES FIRMS BID FOR CAVIAR: The National Iranian Fisheries Company (Shilat) opened bids submitted by four United States firms for the sale of 60 metric tons of caviar on September 16, 1963. The winning bids submitted by a New York City firm for the various grades of caviar were as follows: Beluga, No. 1, 15 metric tons at US$15.88 a pound; Beluga, No. 2, 2 metric tons at $7.71 a pound; Osetra, No. 1, 2 metric tons at $15.20 a pound; Osetra, No. 2, 2 metric tons at $7.71 a pound; Sevruga, No. 1, 5 metric tons at $9.98 a pound; Sevruga, No. 2, 23 metric tons at $5.44 a pound; Pressed, No. 1, 6 metric tons at $3.40 a pound; and Pressed, No. 2, 5 metric tons at $2.95 a pound. The total value of the contract was $1,123,500. Bids for the best grade (Beluga No. 1) caviar ranged from a high of $15.88 to a low of $13.61. (United States Embassy, Tehran, September 19, 1963,) November 1963 Japan CATCH OF ATLANTIC OCEAN BIG-EYED TUNA HIGHER IN SEPTEMBER 1963: The Japanese Atlantic tuna long-line ves- sels are reported to have taken unusually large quantities of big-eyed tuna since early September 1963. Their big-eyed catch is said to run well over 50 percent of their land- ings, compared to 20-30 percent for yellow- fin. This development may adversely affect Japanese frozen tuna exports to Italy since Italian importers are said to be very reluc- tant to purchase tuna if the ratio of yellowfin to big-eyed in a shipment exceeds 70:30. September c.i.f. prices paid by Italy per metric ton of frozen tuna imports were quoted at US$390-400 (dressed, without head but with tail) for yellowfin and $330-340 for big-eyed. Abundance of big-eyed in the Atlantic tuna catch is expected to intensify competition a- mong Japanese exporters to sell that species to Czechoslovakia, the only European country that is said to be willing to accept pure ship- ments of big-eyed. Czechoslovakia in Sep- tember was offering $335-338 per metric ton for big-eyed, delivery Hamburg, Germany, or Trieste, Italy. (Suisan Tsushin, Septem- ber 16, 1963.) 7K OK Ok OK CANNED TUNA IN BRINE SALES TO UNITED STATES, SEPTEMBER-NOVEMBER 1963: Japanese tuna packers, at a directors! meeting held on September 26, 1963, voted to release for export to the United States 150,000 cases of canned tuna in brine per month, or a total of 450,000 cases between September-November 1963. The Japan Canned Foods Exporters Asso- ciation, which also convened a meeting on that same date, announced that it would go along with the packers' decision. Accord- ingly, for September the Association agreed to offer for sale 150,000 cases but did not specify the amount of each kind of pack (white meat or light meat) to be sold. Ex- port f.o.b. prices will be the same as for previous sales, i.e., $10.50 per case for white meat tuna and $7.65 per case for light meat tuna for No. 4 (7-o0z.) 48's. Japanese canned tuna in brine approved for export to the United States as of the end COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 65 of September totaled 2,010,000 cases. Japan's export target for the year (December 1962- November 1963) is 2,300,000 cases. (Suisan Tsushin, September 27, 1963; and other sources.) KOK OK OK OK EXPORTS OF CANNED TUNA IN OIL, APRIL-JULY 1963: According to data compiled by the Japan Tuna Packers Association, canned tuna in oil approved for export by the Association's sales ‘company for the period April-July 1963 to- taled 682,331 cases. This represents an in- crease of 128 percent over exports approved Japanese Canned Tuna in Oil Exports, April-July 1962-63 Principal Countries of Destination 2 © © © oe © (KL ASCS) « 0 o 2 © WiestiGermany; iroire) oi slice! “si 01 ole 229, 493 F Canada yokes mele) ioiieieiieite 82,093 65,074 ebanons veiteveiyerse) io) e+ ee) *) 1° 42, 186 9,025 England ..s.-cece ces 39, 084 12, 400 Netherlands .........- 36, 194 30,702 SWwitzerlandigmrenernetoie) omelet okie 34,907 10, 835 Belgiumigyemeenen cision elisa sirens 34, 659 2,065 Cileliette! lel iefietie/ te) (othe! tefire 32,499 30,963 eos ee oe © © oe during the corresponding period in 1962, which totaled 299,402 cases. Suisan Tsushin, Sep- tember 21, 1963.) 7 OK A OK OK EXPORTS OF CANNED TUNA IN OIL TO CANADA APPROVED: The Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry has approved the applica- tion of the Canned Tuna Packers Association to export chunk-style packs of canned tuna in oil to Canada. Heretofore, only exports of solid and flake-style packs were authorized by the Japanese Government. The following f.o.b. Japan export prices per case were established for the different chunk-style packs: Tuna in oil: white meat chunk (7 lb.) 48's, $5.05; white meat chunk, No. 3 (63-0z.) 48's, $8.65; white meat chunk, No. 1 (13-0z.) 24's $7.80; white meat chunk (4-lb.) 6's, $9.60; light meat chunk (4-Ib.) 48's, $4.10; light meat chunk, No. 3 (63-0z.) 48's, $6.90; light meat chunk, No. 1 (13-o0z.) 24's, $6.30; and light meat chunk, 4-lb. 6's, 7.35. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, September 15, 1963.) * OK OK OK 66 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Japan (Contd.): GREEN MEAT IN TUNA EXPORTS CONTINUES TO BE PROBLEM: Claims against exports of green meat tuna continue to plague Japanese exporters of fro- zen tuna to the United States, according to the Japan Frozen Foods Inspection Corporation, a public corporation responsible for examin- ing the quality of frozen foods for export. A- bout 3 percent of the frozen tuna exported to the west coast and about 1 percent shipped to the east coast of the United States are re- jected by U. S. packers due to the occurrence of a greening condition, which happens prin- cipally in yellowfin tuna. Research is continuing in Japan to find ways of maintaining good quality tuna meat color. The study on the green meat condi- tion is being conducted by a scientist at the University of Tokyo. (Minato Shimbun, Sep- tember 20, 1963.) OK KOK LARGER VESSELS REQUESTED FOR SOUTH PACIFIC TUNA FISHERY: Japanese firms conducting fishing opera- tions from tuna bases in the South Pacific Ocean are seeking Government permission to operate 180-ton refrigerated tuna clippers, which have a wide range of operation. At present, they are authorized to employ only fresh fish carrying-vessels under 100 gross tons, which have a limited operating range. The Japanese overseas tuna base opera- tors are experiencing increasing difficulty in contracting ice boats to fish for them because of declining catches in waters adjacent to their bases. Similarly, Japanese tuna moth- ership operators are faced with the same problem, and for that reason one company has decided not to dispatch a second tuna mothership fleet to the South Pacific this year. (Suisan Tsushin, September 26, 1963, and other sources. OK OK OK OK NEW TUNA TRANSSHIPMENT PORT IN EAST AFRICA PROPOSED: Eleven Japanese fishing companies are jointly seeking approval for the establish- ment of a transshipment port in East Africa, from which frozen tuna can be exported di- rectly to Europe and to the United States. At the present time, transshipments of Indian Vol. 25, No. 11 Ocean tuna for export to the United States are only permitted via Penang (Malaya) and Singa- pore. Transshipments of Indian Ocean tunato Japan proper are permitted only at Durban, South Africa. (Suisan Tsushin, September 12, 1963, and other sources.) KOK OK OK OK OFFICIAL VISITS UNITED STATES TO DISCUSS CANNED TUNA TARIFF: The Japanese Minister of Forestry and Agriculture, who was scheduled to attend the Japan-Canada Ministerial Economic Confer- ence in Canada on September 25-26, 1963, planned to visit the United States after that conference. Reportedly, the Minister plan- ned to discuss with the U. S. Secretary of the Interior the U. S. tariff on canned tuna in brine and the present method of assessing duties on-that product. It was reported that Japanese canned tuna packers are concerned over the low United States pack of canned tuna in 1963, because it would result in a smaller quantity of for- eign-produced canned tuna in brine that can be admitted into the United States in 1964 at the lower duty rate of 124 percent ad valorem. Under the present United States tariff struc- ture, ad valorem duty of 123 percent is as- sessed on canned tuna in brine imports a- mounting to 20 percent of the total United States domestic production for the previous calendar year. Imports exceeding that amount are duitable at 25 percent ad valorem. Japa- nese packers are said to be seeking arrange- ments through their Government whereby some adjustment can be worked out for 1964 imports only. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, Au- gust 23, 1963.) 3 OOK OK OK RESEARCH VESSEL TO STUDY YELLOWFIN TUNA IN EASTERN PACIFIC: The Japanese Government-operated re- search vessel Shoyo Maru, 602 gross tons, was scheduled to depart Japan on September Te ye aa eh a A Japanese research vessel, Shoyo Maru. November 1963 Japan (Contd.): 26, 1963, on a 175-day exploratory cruise to the eastern Pacific Ocean to study the geo- graphical distribution, ecology, and size dis- tribution of yellowfin tuna. At the invitation of the Japanese Government, scientists from the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commis- sion and from the U. S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries will board the vessel for part of the cruise. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, Sep- tember 12, 1963, and other sources. HK OK OK OK OK SOUTH PACIFIC TUNA CATCH POOR AS OF EARLY SEPTEMBER 1963: The two Japanese mothership tuna-fishing fleets, Yuyo Maru (5,500 gross tons) and No- jima Maru (8,800 gross tons), operating in the South Pacific Ocean in the general vicin- ity of the Fiji Islands, were reported to be experiencing poor fishing as of early Septem- ber 1963. The 33 catcher vessels of the Yuyo Maru fleet were reported to be averaging 2.4 metric tons per day as compared to 2.8 and 3.3 metric tons in 1962 and 1961, respective- ly; the 68 catcher vessels of the Nojima Maru fleet were said to be averaging 2.1 metric tons per day compared to 2.6 and 2.8 metric tons in 1962 and 1961, respectively. The large Japanese tuna vessels fishing with port- able vessels (20 tons or less) in the same general area as the two mothership fleets were also reported to be doing poorly aver- aging two metric tons or less per catcher vessel per day. As a result of prevailing poor fishing con- ditions this year and evidences of a continu- ing decline in tuna availability over the last few years in the South Pacific, Japanese ves- sel operators are seeking more promising fishing grounds elsewhere in the Pacific. One evidence of this is the renewed interest shown by a large Japanese fishing company (operators of the Yuyo Maru fleet) in estab- lishing a tuna fishing base in Tahiti. That company, which normally operates two tuna mothership fleets per year on a rotational basis, has decided not to dispatch a second mothership fleet to the South Pacific later this year. Reportedly, that company has not been able to attract a sufficient number of small tuna vessel owners to form a second mothership fleet. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, September 12; Suisan Tsushin, September 20, 1963.) * KOK KOK COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 67 TUNA RESOURCES OFF WEST COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA SURVEYED: The Japanese Fisheries Agency on Septem- ber 18, 1963, released a report on the results of the December 1962-March 1963 tuna sur- vey in the eastern Pacific Ocean by the Gov- ernment-operated research vessel Shoyo Maru, 602 gross tons. According to that re- port, tuna, especially big-eyed, were found in abundance north of the equator in the eastern Pacific, but were completely absent south of the equator to 13° S. latitude. The absence of tuna in the areas fished by the Shoyo Maru was attributed to the influence of the cold Peru Current. The area between 15° S. lat., at 95° W. long., and 30° S. lat. showed good fishing potential for albacore, yellowfin, and striped marlin, particularly between 209-309 S. latitudes and 100°-110° W. longitudes. The exploratory fishing conducted by the Shoyo Maru has shown that the eastern Pa- cific Ocean off South America holds definite promise as a Suitable tuna fishing ground, particularly for land-based type operations employing small and medium-size tuna ves- sels. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, September 19, 1963.) * KOK OK OK TUNA MOTHERSHIP OPERATIONS OFF SOUTH AMERICAN WEST COAST: The Japanese portable-vessel-carrying tuna mothership Keiyo Maru (3,691 gross tons), fishing with eight 20-ton vessels in the eastern Pacific, is reported to have landed, as of August 31, 1963, a total of 817 metric tons of tuna, spearfish, and shark. This a- mounts to a catch average of well over two metric tons per catcher boat per day. The mothership's catch consists of: big-eyed, 309.8 metric tons (37.9 percent of total catch); yellowfin, 157.6 metric tons (19.2 percent); spearfish, 140.5 metric tons (17.2 percent); shark and other miscellaneous species, 209.2 metric tons (25.7 percent). The Keiyo Maru refueled at Balboa, Pana- ma Canal Zone, and departed that port Sep- tember 1 on the second leg of her planned 185-day trip, which started June 5. (Hokkai Suisan, September 16, 1963.) KOK OK OK OK TUNA VESSEL OWNERS SET UP COOPERATIVE AT MALAYSIA BASE: The Japanese Overseas-Based Tuna Fish- ery Cooperative Association, an organization 68 Japan (Contd.): of tuna vessel owners operating out of Pe- nang, Malaysia, was inaugurated at a meeting held in Tokyo on September 26, 1963. The Association is under the auspices of the Ja- pan Federation of Tuna Fisheries Coopera- tive Associations. Objectives adopted by the Association for the first year are: (1) Advise Association members on ap- plicable regulations and revisions thereof, extend guidance on business management and on safe operation of vessels, and develop measures to Stabilize fish prices. Guidance to be coordinated with the Japan Federation of Tuna Fishermen's Cooperative Associa- tion. (2) Progressively undertake sales activity after the Association develops into a strong organization, structurally and financially. (3) Extend loans to vessel owners accord- ing to vessel size as follows: (a) pre-depar - ture loans, US$13,889-$22,222; and (b) loans for refrigeration equipment, $13,889-$16,667. At the end of each trip, a fixed amount will be deducted from the value of the trip to re- pay the loan, The loans will carry an inter- est charge of 9} percent. (4) Purchase 7,750 kiloliters (2,046,000 gallons) of fuel per year to supply 30 fishing vessels based at Penang. (Suisan Tsushin, September 27, 1963.) Ok OK OK OK ATLANTIC TRAWL FISHERY DEVELOPMENTS: East Atlantic: A Japanese fishing company accepted de- livery of its new 2,500-ton stern trawler Kurama Maru on August 31, 1963, Built at a total cost of approximately US$1.5 million, the vessel was scheduled to depart on her maiden voyage to the Atlantic Ocean trawling grounds a- round September 10. Specifications of the Kurama Maru are: horsepower (main engine) - 2,750; length - 260 feet; beam - 44 feet; draft - 28 feet. The vessel is equipped with loran, direction finder, fish finder, and radar. With the addition of the Kurama Maru, the owners will have 8 trawlers in the 2,500-ton class operating in the At- lantic Ocean. The first was the Amagi Maru, which was launched in July 1960. The other six trawlers are: Ibuki Maru, Unzen Maru, Hidehiko Maru, Oe Maru, Kaibun Maru, and Kiso Maru. In addition, the company operates several older trawlers under 1,000 tons gross in the Atlan- tose iat (Minato Shimbun, September 12 and August 31, 1 9 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No.11 Fig. 1 - Japanese stern-ramp factory trawler Akebono M lo. 51. Another Japanese fishing company, which is presently op- erating two 1,500-ton stern trawlers (Akebono Maru Nos. 50 and 53) off the west African coast with excellent results, was reported to be planning on expanding its Atlantic trawl fleet. Under present plans, the company intends to divert to African waters the two 1,500-ton stern trawlers Akebono Maru Nos. 51 and 52 currently operating in the North Pa- cific. As replacements, the company would construct two 3,500-ton stern trawlers for year-round operation in north- ern waters, (Minato Shimbun, August 30 and Shin Suisan Shimbun Sokuho, September 10, 1963.) North Atlantic : The 1,200-ton Japanese trawler Aoi Maru No, 2, the first Japanese trawler to operate in the North Atlantic Ocean, terminated operations in mid-Sep- tember, Slightly ahead of schedule. The trawler has been operating out of Saint Pierre Island (French), fishing pri- marily for cod. The vessel will undergo repairs in Japan before returning to the North Atlantic fishing grounds, (Minato Shimbun, September 12, 1963.) Sama te Sst Fig. 2 - Typical catcher boat of the Tenyo Maru No. 3 fleet. Another company’s stern trawler Tenyo Maru No, 3 (3,700 gross tons) was scheduled to depart Tokyo sometime between October 1-5 for the North Atlantic Ocean, As- signed to her are two 300-ton trawlers, Chuyo Maru No. 6 and Eiyo Maru, which departed Tokyo on September 24, Those vessels will operate out of Miquelon Island (French possession) off the southern coast of Newfoundland for ap- proximately 18 months, and will fish primarily for cod, which will be processed on the Tenyo Maru No. 3 for ex- port to the United States. (Suisan Tsushin, September 12; Nihon Suisan Shimbun, August 28, 1963.) The introduction in Japan of merluza (hake) caught by the Japanese trawlers in the Atlantic Ocean has aroused consid- erable interest in the Japanese industry in view of the mar- ket potential of that species. Some Japanese fish processors are reported to be considering the possibility of using hake, instead of whale meat, tuna, and other species of fish (which are becoming less available and more expensive) as an in- gredient for fish sausage, (Minato Shimbun, August 30, 1963.) KOK OK OK OK November 1963 Japan (Contd.): STERN TRAWLERS FOR ATLANTIC OCEAN FISHERY PLANNED: Three Japanese fishery companies have submitted applications to the Fisheries A- gency to construct stern trawlers ranging in size between 2,500-3,000 gross tons for as- signment to the Atlantic Ocean. 2 Six other fishing companies are planning on submitting applications to the Agency to construct large stern trawlers, also for as- signment to the Atlantic Ocean. However, the Fisheries Agency is expected to limit the number of new trawlers to a total of eight vessels over 1,000 gross tons for assignment to the Atlantic Ocean. (Suisan Tsushin, Sep- tember 26, 1963, and other sources.) KOK OK OK OK PRODUCTION OF BERING SEA BOTTOMFISH FISHING FLEETS AS OF MID-SEPTEMBER 1963: Of the 19 mothership fleets licensed to operate in the Bering Sea east of 170° E. long. in 1963, all but 5 fleets have returned to Japan. Total production of the 19 fleets, as of mid-September, was reported to have exceeded 257,000 metric tons. The produc- tion consists of: Alaska pollock, 104,000 tons; flatfish, 66,300 tons; herring, 31,500 tons; shrimp, 27,000 tons; rockfish, 15,000 tons; and cod, 14,000 tons. Two of the 19 fleets engaged in fish-meal production. The fish-meal factoryship Gyo- kuei Maru (10,537 gross tons) produced 15,300 metric tons of fish meal and about Fig. 1 - Trawler attached to Japanese fish meal factoryship Gyo- kuei Maru, operating in Bering Sea. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 69 1,500 metric tons of fish oil. The Soyo Maru Gan 192 gross tons), which was due to leave _ the fishing grounds in late September, pro- duced as of mid-September about 6,000 metric tons of fish meal. 18 Soho Maru operating in the Ber- Fig. 2 - Japanese trawler No. ing Sea as part of a mothership fleet. The total production of the two fish-meal factoryships is expected to be consumed in Japan. It is believed that informal agree- ments have been made to release the fish meal on the Japanese domestic market for US$178 per metric ton. (Suisan Keizai Shim- bun, September 28, 1963.) kok kk OK BERING SEA BOTTOMFISH OPERATIONS MAY BE REORGANIZED: Unprofitable operations were reported by five Japanese Bering Sea mothership fleets licensed to fish for bottomfish during 1963 in Areas A, B, and CF (east of 170° E. longitude and west of 175° W. longitude but south of the Navarin-Sarichef line), according to the Japa- nese periodical Suisan Keizai Shimbun, Au- gust 29, 1963. Those fishing fleets (No. 1 Tosui Maru, 381 gross tons; No, 12 Sumiyoshi Maru, 578 gross tons; No, 15 “Kotoshiro Maru, 701 gross tons; No, 31 “Banshu Mariuwls ones 70 Japan (Contd.): gross tons; and Ishiyama Maru, 3,539 gross tons) were reported to have met, on an aver- age, only two-thirds of their respective catch targets. The five fleets, which were originally scheduled to return to Japan in late October 1963, terminated their operations by Septem- ber, partly because of poor prospects for hal- ibut fishing. However, their principal reason for leaving the grounds so early was said to be the intense fishing competition they en- countered. The increased competition was attributed to the action taken by the Japanese Fisheries Agency in opening the waters be- tween 170° E. longitude and 175° W. longi- tude to Japan-based trawlers in 1963. About 72 Japan-based trawlers were reported to have converged on the Olyutorskii fishing grounds this year. The Japanese periodical further stated that the Japanese Fisheries Agency was con- sidering a plan to encourage year-round fish- ing in the Bering Sea, and to reorganize moth- ership-fleet operations in 1964. Most of the 19 mothership bottomfish fleets operating in the Bering Sea in 1963 were reported to have lost money. This occurred in spite of a re- duction of 4 motherships and about 40 catcher vessels in the fleet licensed to operate in 1963. A proposal to restrict the size of mother - ships in the Bering Sea bottomfish fleet to not less than 1,000 tons gross was being stud- ied. From the standpoint of efficiency, the Fisheries Agency was reported to believe that the employment of 2,000 to 3,000-ton motherships accompanied by 2 or 3 catcher vessels would be ideal. Motherships of that type could be designed so that they could also fish, thereby reducing operational costs ma- terially. In addition, they could operate ona year-round basis, rather than on a seasonal basis, like many of the larger motherships (5,000 to 10,000-ton class) which are pres- ently deployed in the Antarctic Ocean during the winter whaling season and the Bering Sea bottomfish fishery during the summer season, One reason given for the failure of the 1963 Bering Sea mothership fleet operation was the great emphasis placed on long-line gear. Those fleets which primarily fished long-line gear were said to have lost the most money. The Fisheries Agency hopes COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 11 to guide fishing companies in diversifying their fishing gear, with emphasis on trawl gear, so that they will be in a more flexible position to fish for different species of fish. The regional (Shimonoseki) newspaper Minato Shimbun reported on September 6, 1963, that the first phase of the Japanese Government's three-year plan to gradually transfer trawlers from other depressed fish- eries to the land-based North Pacific trawl fisheries would be completed by the end of 1963. By then, about 40 trawlers will have been permitted to transfer to the northern water fishery. The second phase of the vessel transfer program is scheduled to begin in 1964, but, as a result of increased competition on the fishing grounds between land-based trawlers and mothership fleets, the Fisheries Agency is expected to carefully review its vessel transfer policy. The Fisheries Agency re- portedly thinks that further transfers should not be allowed. However, the Hokkaido Pre- fecture Government is reported to be already planning on permitting 32 trawlers under Hok- kaido registry to transfer to the northern wa- ter trawl fishery under the second phase of the vessel transfer program. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, April 1963 p. 57. ay ite OK OK PERMIT REQUESTED FOR BERING SEA FISH-MEAL OPERATION: One of the large Japanese fishing compa- nies, which terminated its fish-meal opera- tions in the eastern Bering Sea in 1963, is re- ported to have applied to the Japanese Fish- eries Agency to reactivate the venture in1964. The company plans to use the fish-meal fac- toryship Renshin Maru (14,094 gross tons) for the operation. Japanese fish-meal factoryship Renshin Maru operating in Bering Sea. November 1963 Japan (Contd.): The company has decided on reactivating its Bering Sea fish-meal operation as a re- sult of: (1) failure to come to agreement with Chile on establishing joint fish-meal opera- tions off that country; and (2) improved eco- nomic outlook for 1964, based on current fish- meal trends in Japan. (Suisan Tsushin, Sep- tember 25, 1963.) KOK OK OK OK BERING SEA HERRING FISHERY TRENDS, AUGUST 1963: Five Bering Sea mothership fleets con- sisting of the Soyo Maru, 11,192 gross tons; Shinyo Maru, 3,811 gross tons; Shikishima ee satan Shinyo Maru, mothership factoryship, operates with other fishing vessels. Maru, 10,144 gross tons, Itsukushima Maru, 5,871 gross tons; and the Seifu Maru, 8,269 gross tons, were having good herring fishing and their total combined herring catch, as of August 20, 1963, had exceeded 20,000 tons. The Japanese ex-vessel price for herring was reported to have dropped 10 yen per kil- ogram (US$25 per short ton) from the origi- nal price of 85 yen per kilogram ($214 per short ton). But even at the lower price, the mothership fleets were said to be able to fish for herring on a profitable basis. (Suis- an Keizai Shimbun, August 28, 1963.) ek ake ke ok CHIBA COMPANY TO CONTINUE VENEZUELAN JOINT ENTERPRISE: A Japanese company in Chiba Prefecture, which in August 1959 established a joint fish- ing company in Venezuela, is reported to have decided to continue participation inthat company. The joint enterprise had been be- set with various management problems, and a special delegation from Chiba Prefecture, headed by the prefectural vice-governor, was dispatched to Venezuela to discuss the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Tal problems with Venezuelan authorities. The negotiation, which began on August 11, 1963, reportedly resulted in strengthening the man- agement authority of the Japanese and in ob- taining assurance of greater cooperation from the Venezuelan Government. (Nihon Suisan Shimbun, September 11, 1963.) Editor's Note: A September 1962 press report indicated that the joint company was operating a total of seven fishing vessels in the Caribbean Sea. KKK KX JAPANESE-BRAZILIAN FISHERIES FIRM TO EXPAND: The Japanese-Brazilian jointly-owned cold-storage and fish-processing company (capital about US$3 million) at Recife, Brazil, will be enlarged to double its present capaci- ty in 1964, according to the company's presi- dent. The joint company operates three 300-ton tuna vessels and two spiny lobster fishing vessels. Present base facilities of this com- pany include a 500-ton capacity cold-storage plant, 15-ton ice machine, 10-ton freezing plant, and a packing plant. (Minato Shimbun, September 22, 1963.) a OK OK OK FISHERIES AGENCY INCREASES BUDGET FOR FY 1964: The Japanese Fisheries Agency is request- ing a budget of US$61 million for fiscal year 1964 (April 1964-March 1965). This repre- sents an increase of $13.6 million, or 29 per- cent, over the FY 1963 budget request of $47.4 million. Under a new program titled ''Promotion of Fisheries Products Consumption," the Fish- eries Agency is requesting $117,400. That appropriation would be used to assist frozen fish-marketing campaigns in Japan and to sub- sidize the installation of refrigeration facili- ties for holding fish at 40 agricultural coop- eratives in 4 prefectures. To assist the saury industry, the Fisheries Agency is requesting $138,900 for the pur- pose of stabilizing saury prices. For the purpose of maximizing the utiliza- tion of fisheries resources and promoting fishing efficiency, the Fisheries Agency plans 72 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Japan (Contd.): to expand the existing fishing condition fore- casts. The forecasts are presently the re- sponsibility of the Tohoku Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory. The Tohoku Labora- tory publishes, at regular intervals, fishing charts showing oceanic conditions (tempera- ture isotherms, currents, etc.) and fishing results, including landings and prices, on the skipjack, albacore, and saury fisheries. Un- der the FY 1964 budget proposal, the pro- gram would be expanded on a national basis to cover the Pacific Ocean mackerel fishery off northern Japan, the Japan Sea mackerel and sardine fisheries, and the East China Sea mackerel fishery. For existing programs, the Agency is re- questing large increases in appropriations for biological research related to interna- tional fisheries as well as for the guidance, supervision, and control of the northern wa- ter (North Pacific, Okhotsk Sea, and Bering Sea) fisheries and other distant-water fish- eries. Budget submissions for those pro- grams total $1.8 million, an increase of $0.6 million (50 percent) over the current year's allotment. (Nihon Suisan Shimbun, Septem- ber 9, 1963, and other sources.) HOOK OK OK OK FROZEN CUTTLEFISH EXPORTS TO PORTUGAL: Two Japanese exporting firms are re- ported to have concluded agreements to ex- port to Portugal a total of 2,000 metric tons of frozen cuttlefish at prices ranging from US$ 142 to $154 per metric ton (believed to be f.o.b. prices). Reportedly, export prices this year are down over 20 percent from last year, and the decline is attributed to stiffer competition between exporters. The highest price paid in 1962 was $230 a ton for 470 tons of cuttlefish. Exports that year totaled 2,770 tons. The frozen cuttlefish contracted for ex- port were to be shipped from the port of Kushiro, Hokkaido, in October 1963 for de- livery to Lisbon. According to Japanese ex- porters, there is a likelihood that Portugal may purchase an additional 500 to 600 tons of frozen cuttlefish this year. (Nihon Keizai Shimbun, August 25, 1963.) % OK OK OK OK Vol. 25, No. 11 MODIFIED UNITED STATES PURSE-SEINE GEAR SUCCESSFUL IN SKIPJACK TUNA FISHERY: The Japanese skipjack tuna industry has been experimenting since 1962 with one-boat purse-Seine gear, employing a power block. It involves a United States-type purse seine which has been modified for local fishing con- ditions. The skipjack vessels fishing withthe modified purse seines and power blocks have been able to outfish other skipjack vessels equipped with conventional pole-and-line gear. Views are now being expressed among Japa- nese skipjack vessel operators that this de- velopment may start a trend toward replacing pole-and-line gear with one boat purse-seine nets. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, September 20, 1963.) 7 OK OK OK OK SEA WATER TO FRESH WATER CONVERSION APPARATUS SUCCESSFUL ON TUNA VESSEL: A device which produces fresh water from sea water was reported to have been success- fully installed in a Japanese tuna vessel op- erating out of Yaizu, Japan. The converter contains an evaporator which vaporizes the sea water used in cooling the ship's engine. The vaporized sea water is then cooled by means of a vacuum, producing distilled water. The converter can produce 1 ton of fresh wa- ter from 5 tons of sea water and supply an average of 1 to 2 tons of fresh water per day. The advantages of the converter were cited as follows: (1) produces fresh water of good quality, (2) converter is light and compact, (3) no fuel expense is required since the heat of coolant water is utilized, (4) manufactures fresh water even while vessel is in operation, and (5) low in cost and safe in operation. (Minato Shimbun, August 30, 1963.) HOOK OK OK OK TANKER TO REFUEL FISHING VESSELS AT SEA: The Japan National Federation of Tuna Fishermen's Cooperative Associations is sending the 1,500-ton tanker Shimmei Maru to the central and eastern Pacific Ocean tuna fishing grounds on a trial basis to Serve as a "mobile fuel depot'' for refueling tuna-fishing vessels at sea. The tanker will rendezvous at predetermined locations on the high seas with tuna vessels and refuel those vessels at November 1963 Japan (Contd.): sea. Approximately 90 Japanese tuna vessels are expected to participate in the first ship- to-ship high seas fueling experiment. The cost of fuel oil to the tuna vessels par- ticipating in the trial will be about 20,000 yen per kiloliter (US$0.21 per gal.). Ordinarily the vessels would refuel at Hawaii or at Ta- hiti. Fuel cost at those localities is over 15,000 yen per kiloliter ($0.16 per gal.). Added to that cost is the rather high port entry and docking fees, so actual total cost of fuel purchased at those ports amounts to over $0.21 per gallon. The loss in fishing time and other costs to a 400-ton tuna vessel, which spends 10 days for refueling purposes, is said to amount to about 4 million yen ($11,000). By refueling at sea on the fishing grounds, that cost would be eliminated, thereby greatly increasing vessel operating efficiency. The Shimmei Maru was scheduled to de- part Yokohama on October 10, 1963, and will first call at Honolulu before proceeding south- eastward to a point located at approximately 3° S, latitude, 1400 W. longitude where the initial rendezvous will be made with tuna ves- sels fishing in that general locality. The tanker will then proceed on an easterly course to 120° W. long.; then south along 120° W. long. to 109° S. lat.; then northeast to 5° S, lat., 100° W. long., before running to Balboa (Panama Canal Zone) for fuel a- round December 3, 1963. On the return journey to Japan, the Shim- mei Maru will head for a point at approxi- mately 15° S. lat., 95° W. long., and then proceed on a straight course to approximate- ly 5° S, lat., 150° W. long. Throughout the trip radio contact will be maintained with the 90 tuna vessels partici- pating in the high seas fueling experiment. At predetermined points along 'the route traveled by the tanker, those vessels will rendezvous with the tanker to receive fuel. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, September 22, 1963.) KOK KKK GOVERNMENT LEADERS PRESS FOR REVISION OF NORTH PACIFIC TRIPARTITE TREATY: Government leaders, at a meeting held on September 12, 1963, for the purpose of de- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 73 termining Japan's official position with respect to the Japan-United States-Canada Fisheries | Treaty, agreed to definitely press for removal | of the abstention principle at the Treaty re- | negotiation scheduled to begin on September |} 16 at Tokyo, and unanimously expressed sup- port of the Prime Minister's decision to seek conclusion of a new fisheries treaty. As to whether Japan will serve notice of her inten- tion to terminate the present Treaty in the event negotiations should fail, the conferees agreed that Japan's notification of intention is not an end but a means for concluding a new treaty. Japan expects the United States to firmly insist on the continuance of the abstention principle. However, information received by the Japanese Government on September 12 indicated that the United States was willing to consider replacing the wording "voluntary abstention principle" in the text of the pres- ent Treaty with such other words as "'res- traint or conservation,'' provided the effect remained the same. In commenting on this development, the Fisheries Agency Director and the Production Division Chief are quoted as saying that Japan cannot accept this com- promise unless the rewording brings about a change in the basic character of the absten- tion principle, but the fact that the United States has shown her readiness to consider this change is being carefully evaluated by Japan, Japanese Government authorities are em- phasizing the fact that a new fisheries treaty concluded along the line proposed by Japan at the June 1963 Washington conference will not result in what President Kennedy states asir- reparable losses to fishery resources of the Pacific Ocean, and are claiming that the Jap- anese proposal is the most rational, equitable approach to resource conservation. The Japanese Government on September 12 in- formally announced the makeup of the Japa- nese Government delegation scheduled to take part in the Treaty renegotiation slated to con- vene in Tokyo from September 16. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, September 13, 1963.) Ok Ok ROK PROGRAM FOR TRANSFER OF COASTAL VESSELS TO NORTHERN TRAWL FISHERIES UNDER STUDY: The Japanese Fisheries Agency is report- ed to be planning to discontinue in 1964, the program it initiated in January 1961 of trans- ferring vessels engaged in the coastal trawl 74 Japan (Contd.): fishery to the northern water trawl fishery. Purpose of the program was to solve the con- flict over domestic fishing grounds between non-trawl coastal fishermen and coastaltrawl fishermen and to stabilize management of the coastal trawl fishery. The vessel transfer program was to be carried out in two phases. The first phase, which began on January 1, 1961, is scheduled to end March 31, 1964, after three years. By that deadline, a total of 150 trawlers are to be taken out of the coastal trawl fishery and transferred to the distant northern water trawl fishery. Area of operation assigned to the trans- ferred trawlers in 1961 was the waters north of 48° N, lat. between long. 148° E, and 170° E. In 1963, the area was extended easterly by 15° to 175° W. long. The second phase of the program, to begin after April 1964, is to be carried out pending a full review of the progress and effect of the three-year program. During the first phase, a total of 150 trawl- ers from five northern prefectures --Hokkai- do, Aomori, Miyagi, Iwate, and Fukushima-- are scheduled to be transferred to the north- ern water trawl fishery. Hokkaido's vessel quota is 80 trawlers, Aomori and Miyagi 30 each, and Iwate and Fukushima a combined total of 10. However, as of June 20, 1963, only 99 vessels were transferred or approved for transfer. They ranged in size primarily between 70 to 300 tons gross. The 150 vessels to be transferred have been divided into two categories, called "sengyosen' (a vessel exclusively engaged in only one fishery) and ''kengyosen'' (a ves- sel engaged in more than one fishery). Of the 150 vessels, 100 have been designatedas "sSengyosen.'' They will be taken out com- pletely from the coastal trawl fishery and be licensed to only engage in the land-based northern water trawl fishery. The 50 vessels designated as ''kengyosen'' are to be taken out from the coastal trawl fishery for no less than 6 months and be licensed to operate for 6 months in the northern water trawl fishery All vessels transferred can be replaced with newer and larger vessels, within certain lim- itations. COMMERCIALFISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 11 Available datain 1961 on the bottomfish re- sources off Kamchatka Peninsula indicated that commercial fishing operations were fea- sible. However, Hokkaido vessel owners, who have access to rather abundant resources close by, without having to travel 700-800 miles to the trawling grounds off lower Kam- chatka, and who did not wish to convert or re- place their vessels at great cost to them- selves, showed little enthusiasm for the pro- gram for a long while. As of June 20, 1963, a total of only 27 vessels under Hokkaido reg- istry had taken advantage of the program. On the other hand, as of that same date the four prefectures in northern Honshu (main Japanese island) had more than filled their quota, with a total of 72 vessels being trans- ferred or approved for transfer. Fishermen in those prefectures were willing to make the transfer since they lacked good trawling grounds off their prefectures. Main grounds fished by the Japan-based trawl fleet in the North Pacific are off the southern tip of Kamchatka Peninsula near Paramushiro Island and in the Okhotsk Sea near the southwestern tip of the Kamchatka Peninsula. Operations in those areas have been found to be most efficient for the small- er trawlers under 200 tons gross but have appeared to have proven a hardship for the larger vessels. Thus, in 1963 the Fisheries Agency expanded the fishing grounds to in- clude the waters west of 175° W. long. This expansion of the fishing grounds, which opened the grounds between Cape Na- varin and Cape Olyutorskii to the Japan-based trawlers, resulted in improving the economic outlook of those vessels. Reportedly, large numbers of the transferred vessels began fishing the Cape Navarin-Cape Olyutorskii region in 1963, and they did quite well. Asa result, Hokkaido vessel owners, who hereto- fore were reluctant to transfer to the north- ern water trawl fishery, are now reported to be willing to consider making the change. They are expected to request an extension of the program since Hokkaido will not be able to meet its quota (80 vessels) by the end of March 1964. On the other hand, the mothership-type bottom fishing fleets are reported to have suffered as a consequence of having to com- pete with the Japan-based trawlers on the same grounds in 1963. Some of the large November 1963 Japan (Contd.): companies operating mothership fleets in the Navarin-Olyutorskii region claim they had to recall their fleets earlier this year due tothe intense competition on the fishing grounds, and to resultant dwindling catches. They are now asking that their area of operations inthe Bering Sea be further expanded eastwards. Because of this development, i.e., intense competition on the Bering Sea fishing grounds, the Fisheries Agency is said to be not now planning on licensing the transfer of addition- al coastal trawlers to the northern waters after April 1964. The Agency is also reported to feel that in the Bering Sea the employment of large motherships are not economically practical and favors the employment of large 2- to 3,000-ton trawlers fishing with 2 or 3 small- er trawlers. The large trawler, in addition to fishing herself, would serve as a mother- ship to the smaller trawlers. In this connec- tion, one Japanese fishing company is plan- ning to divert to the Atlantic Ocean its two 1,500-ton trawlers presently assigned to the Bering Sea and the North Pacific Ocean and replace them with two 3,500-ton trawlers, each fishing with 2 or 3 smaller trawlers. (Suisan Shuho, August 1963; 1962 Japan Year- book of Fisheries, and miscellaneous news - paper reports. Ok KK OK NORTH PACIFIC WHALE CATCH QUOTA INCREASED: The Japanese Fishery Agency recently notified a Japanese fishing firm that the A- gency will grant an increase of its current North Pacific baleen whale catch quota by 60- blue-whale units (from the presently allo- cated quota of 227 to 287 units) in order to compensate that firm for losses incurred by suspension of a joint venture with another firm to fish for king crab south of the Alaska Peninsula. Distribution of the profits from additional whales caught will be divided be- tween those two firms. Two other Japanese whaling fleets (Kinju Maru and Nitto Maru), currently operating in the North Pacific, were not granted increases for their baleen whale catch quotas. In connection with the increased quota for the North Pacific, it is reported that Japa- nese fisheries circles are critical of the Gov- ernment's policy for high-seas fishing, saying COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 75 that it lacks consistency and tends to be''safe- ty first" Officials of the firms owning the two whal- ing fleets are not raising the issue because their catch quotas have not been increased, but they have expressed dissatisfaction that (1) equality of the three companies is the rule for North Pacific whaling and it is unreason- able to treat crab fishing in the same light with whaling, and (2) despite the fact that North Pacific whaling is being operated au- tonomously on the basis of the Japanese Gov- ernmert's own judgment, earlier requests for an increase in the quota were denied on the grounds of preserving the whaling resources. (Fisheries Attache, United States Embassy, Tokyo, August 8, 1963.) & EXPORTS OF FROZEN SARDINES TO FRANCE RESUMED: According to Moroccan press reports, ex- ports of frozen sardines to France were scheduled to begin late in September 1963. These exports were stopped early in July after French dockers refused to unload Mo- roccan sardines because of local jsurpluses. According tothe original agreement between the French and Moroccan Governments, ex- ports of sardines would stop between July 15 and September 15. (United States Embassy, Rabat, September 20, 1963.) aSzp Z Morocco New Zealand IMPORTS OF CANNED SALMON FROM U.S.S.R. INCREASED: - During the latter part of September 1963, the New Zea- land press published claims of some importers of salmon that the Soviet Union was granted a substantial import li- cense for cars, cameras, matches, and canned fish for the | Value of New Zealand Imports of Canned Fish, 1960-1961 et | and July 1, 1962-June 30, 1963 July 1, 1962- Calendar Years | Species June 30,1963 | Salmon... llOther fish. Totaly 76 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW New Zealand (Contd.): licensing year, July 1, 1963, to June 30, 1964, It is alleged that this licensing arrangement is a part of the agreement reached with the Soviets coincident with the negotiation of the recently signed most~favored-nation treaty. A comment attributed by the press to the Minister of Cus- toms that import licenses for canned fish are 125 percent of the 1962/63 allocation requires explanation. Although the 1963/64 Licensing Schedule authorizes 125 percent of 1962 licenses, the immediately preceding 1962/63 Licensing Schedule authorizes 33-1/3 percent of 1960 licenses (calen- dar year), Thus, the effective license authorization for 1963/64 appears to be about 43 percent of 1960 which tends to substantiate importers! claims that there has been a great shortage of salmon on the New Zealand market. (United States Embassy. Welington, September 20, 1963.) Nicaragua SHRIMP FISHERY TRENDS, SECOND QUARTER 1963: A large United States fishery company is negotiating for the purchase of the assets of a shrimp-processing firm in Bluefields which was taken over recently by the National Bank in Nicaragua. If consummated, the arrange- ment would entail an initial capitalization of US$400,000. A new shrimp-processing plant in Puerto Somoza was due to begin operating about mid- July this year. The new shrimp-processing plant will export to the United States. (United States Embassy, Managua, September 12, 1963.) FISHING AND WHALING TRENDS, SECOND QUARTER 1963: A committee named by the Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries to make recommenda- tions for an investment program for the fish- ing fleet in the period 1963-65, submitted its report during the second quarter of 1963. The main theme of the proposed program is to promote investment in larger and more modern fishing vessels. The report called for the scrapping of 1,000 fishing vessels an- nually for the next three years and recom- mends that Government lending through the State Fisheries Bank and the District's De- velopment Fund be directed largely to the financing of larger fishing vessels. Norway Vol. 25, No. 11 Pronouncements concerning Norway's fu- ture as a major pelagic whaling nation were pessimistic during the quarter when it was an- nounced that Norway's most modern factory - ship Thorshévdi was up for sale to the Japa- nese. Further concern was caused by the sale to Japan of the British factoryship South- ern Harvester with its whale quota of 5 per- cent or 500 blue whale units. This not only meant the end of British pelagic whaling but also the end of Ténsberg's participation inas- much as the Southern Harvester's crew and most supplies and equipment have been furn- ished by this Norwegian city. Concerned for the future of the 480 whalers who would be out of work and over the loss in foreign ex- change involved, the Government refused to permit the sale of the Thorshévdi. Norwegian whaling circles blame Norway's poor whaling results in the past several years on the decimation of the whale population due to overly large global quotas. At the 1963 In- ternational Whaling Commission talks in Lon- don, the Norwegian delegates pressed for a drastic reduction in the global quota and an inspection system. The agreed reduction from the 1962/63 quota of 15,000 blue whale units to 10,000 units in the 1963/64 season was far from Norway's |wish for a 4,000-5,000 global quota, and the agreement on an inter- national inspection system, the complete con- servation of the humpback whale, and the par- tial conservation of the blue whale, failed to alleviate Norwegian fears that the faster and more modern catcher boats of the Japanese and the Russians will contribute further to the decimation of the whale population. As of the end of the second quarter of 1963, the following Norwegian vessels were due:to participate in the |1963/64 whaling season: the Thorshgvdi with 7 catcher and 2 buoy boats; the Thorshavet and the Kosmos, both with the same number of supporting boats as the Thorshgvdi; and Sir James Clark Ross with 5 catchers and 2 buoy boats. This a- mounts to an increase of one catcher over the previous year's number. Norway's 1963/64 whale quota is 2,800 blue whaleunits. (United States Embassy, Oslo, September 5, 1963.) % OK OK OK OK NEW " POCKET" FACTORY STERN-TRAWLER: A Norwegian shipyard delivered the 123- foot stern-trawler Rgnstad to its owner -skip- November 1963 Norway (Contd.): per about the end of this past summer. In general lines, the new vessel resembles the 205-foot stern trawler Tgngva, and is already becoming known as the "pocket'' factory trawler. The wheelhouse follows the Norwe- gian preference for being well forward, the engine room being aft, and the fishroom mid- ships, with the processing deck above it. The 23-man crew is accommodated forward. The Rénstad, carries fish heading, fillet- ing, and skinning machines. The daily output of fish fillets on the vessel is estimated at 6 metric tons. The vessel is equipped with a plate freezer having a capacity of 6-8 tons per day. A total of 120 tons of fillets can be stored in the refrigerated hold at -25° C, (SRS TAs The vessel's trawl winch, which is housed under cover at the fore end of the trawl deck, is in two parts, of split-winch type. Each main drum has an auxiliary drum for the gil- son wires, the trawl bridles being hauled in on the main drums as in side-trawler prac- tice. The winches are controlled from an operating position forward onthe trawl deck, from which both main and gilson drums can be controlled. Trawl warp meters indicate the amount of wire paid out from each drum. Hydraulic pressure for the winch is obtained from a two-stage pump driven from the fore end of the main engine through a hydraulic clutch, the latter being controlled from the deck. The trawl doors of the Rgnstad are hauled up to a lower position on the transom than usual and locked in position by a special de- vice. They can then be reached easily from the deck above. The dan leno bobbins are hauled up to the winch, the ground rope bob- bins being then hauled on by an electric cap- stan, which is also used to empty the cod end when it has been lifted on board by the gilson. The trawl gear is handled by 3 men--2 on deck and 1 in the operating position. Fish pass through a hydraulically-operated hatch to the processing deck below. Also hydraul- ically operated is the safety gate on the after ramp, which, in its stowed position, is flush with the ramp surface. A load-sensing device has been incorpor- ated into the gallows blocks, which will re- act to a sudden increase in warp tension COMMERCIALFISHERIESRE VIEW UU brought about by a trawl hand-up, actuating an electric circuit which slows the engine revolutions or could, alternatively, reduce propeller pitch. In the same way, uneven tension of the warps can actuate the circuit and sound an alarm, The vessel is powered by a Diesel engine which develops 765 hp. at 1,225 r.p.m., and drives a stainless steel controllable pitch propeller througha 44: 1 reduction gear. There are two 117 hp. auxiliary en- gines. Ninety-sixtons of fuel are carried. The main hull dimensions are: length over-all 123 feet, breadth 26.2 feet, depth to main- deck 13 feet, and depth to shelter deck 20.1 feet. Service speed is 11.5 knots. The reported price of the Rgnstad was 2.3 million kroner (US$322,000), although it is not clear whether this includes the navigational and fish-finding equipment. (World Fishing, September 1963.) Peru FISH-MEAL INDUSTRY OBTAINS LOAN TO CONSOLIDATE DEBTS: In recent months, Peru's great fish-meal industry has passed through a critical situa- tion due to: (1) an off season in the anchoveta fishery; (2) unsold stocks of fish meal; (3) limited bank credits; and (4) tight financial situation due to heavy debts and lack of work- ing capital on the part of a large majority of the plants. Investment in the industry has been estimated at $190 million, of which $37 million represent invested capital; the re- mainder, credits from banks, foreign and do- mestic suppliers, and financing organizations. A start has been made in consolidating the debts of the fish-meal industry with the action of industry representatives in obtaining a $10 million loan from a United States bank. Loan operations will be handled by the Banco Indus - trial del Peru, which will guarantee 25 per- cent of the amount of each loan made to indi- vidual plants. The remaining 75 percent will be guaranteed by the commercial banks to which plants are indebted. It is rumored that an additional $5 million will be made avail- able to the industry by other United States banks. Compared with a total estimated indebted- ness of $153 million, a $10 or $15 millionloan 78 Peru (Contd.): is considered a small sum. However, it rep- resents a start, and if the industry will use the available financing to pay off debts and to consolidate, and not continue increasing pro- duction capacity, the promising future pre- dicted for the industry can be realized. (Unit- ed States Embassy, Lima, September 26, 1963.) Philippines MARKET FOR UNITED STATES CANNED SARDINES: Canned sardines are considered a staple item in the Philippines, and the maintenance of an adequate supply at reasonable prices is of such political importance that the Government has reduced tariffs from 15 percent ad val- orem to 8 percent ad valorem (January 21, 1962), and it subsidizes about 40 percent of the imports. The Government subsidization of imports is implement- ed by the National Marketing Corporation (NAMARCO) which offers periodic tenders. NAMARCO goods are im- ported tax-free and are sold through the NAMARCO sys- tem of selected Filipino retailers. About 60 percent of sar- dine imports, however, are handled through normal com- mercial channels, Total imports amounted to $13.7 million in 1961 and $6.6 million in 1962; thus commercial imports amounted to over $8 million and almost $4 million in 1961 and 1962, respectively. A good opportunity for United States sardine packers is presented by the Government’s decision to implement the boycott on trade with South Africa proposed by the United Nations General Assembly in November 1962, Since 1961 virtually all imports of sardines have been supplied by South Africa (more than $5 million in 1962), but with this major competitor ruled out, the door is thrown open to other sup- pliers. Unless the current NAMARCO requirements (500,000 cases) can be met by United States or other suppliers, how- ever, it is likely that the Government will waive the boycott as regards sardines; it has already been under strong pres- sure to do so. The most popular sardine pack is that packed in tomato sauce, Natural sauce and spiced olive oil also have fairly significant appeal, However, cottonseed oil or soybean oil packs are not particularly favored in this market. The best- selling cans are 15-ounce ovals and 5-ounce talls (‘‘jitneys’’). Flats are not considered salable in the mass market. The Filipino consumer is extremely brand-conscious and often reluctant to try unfamiliar brands. On the other hand, he has a ‘‘built-in’’ preference for United States brands. United States packers interested in reestablishing a position in this market should seriously consider promotional cam- Paigns designed to establish the image of United States sar- dines in general, as well as of their own brands, Winning bids (c.&f. prices) for NAMARCO tenders on June 17, 1963, were as follows: South African canned sardines in tomato sauce: 48/15-oz., ovals, $7.60 a case; 48/15-oz., talls, $6.15 a case; 48/8-0z., $4.25 a case; and 100/5-oz., $6.75 a case, Quotations (c.&f.) for Japanese canned sardines packed in tomato sauce were: 48/15-o0z., talls, $5.00 a case; 24/15-o0z., ovals, $3.85 a case; and 100/5-oz., talls, $5.65 a case. (United States Embassy, Manila, September 20, 1963.) =a COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 11 Solomon Islands FISHERIES POTENTIAL PROMISING: A rich fishery awaits development around the British Solomon Islands, according to an Australian fisheries official who has been taking part in a research and training pro- gram. Using a 46-foot converted shrimp fish- ing vessel, which he sailed from Australia, the Australian official has been taking local crews to sea to learn fishing techniques, sim- ple navigation, engine maintenance, and fish handling, as part of his duties as Fisheries Officer for the Protectorate. Among the species which he reports as being plentiful are yellowfin and striped tuna, inshore bonito, and Spanish mackerel. Coral crayfish were also plentiful and were caught by hand at night by natives using torches. The local fishing enterprise includes three cooperatives, one of which had developed a method of drying fish in the form of fish flakes, which can be stored in polythene for some time. Some boatbuilding training has also been given, and locally-built 25-footers are now in operational use. In an interview with the Australian maga- zine Fisheries Newsletter, the Fisheries Of- ficer said that the development of Solomon Islands fisheries by commercial concerns would be welcomed. (World Fishing, Septem- ber 1963.) YEG South Africa Republic PILCHARD-MAASBANKER FISHERY, JANUARY-JUNE 1963: The catch of the pilchard-maasbanker fish- ery off the Cape west coast of the South Africa Republic in the first 6 months of 1963 was 377,217 short tons pilchards, 12,782 tons maasbanker, and 14,634 tons mackerel--a to- tal of 404,633 tons. By the end of June last year 400,394 tons pilchards, 63,263 tons maas- banker, and 19,321 tons mackerel had been caught--a total of 492,928 tons. At the end of June 1961, the total catch was 474,072 tons and for the same period in 1960, the total catch was 336,869 tons. According to figures released by the Di- vision of Sea Fisheries, the June 1963 catch was 77,966 tons pilchards, 322 tons maas- November 1963 South Africa Republic (Contd.): banker, and no mackerel. This compares with 13,615 tons pilchards, 10,585 tons maas- banker, and 34 tons mackerel in June last year; and with 43,181 tons pilchards, 11,439 tons maasbanker, and 10 tons mackerel in June 1961. The June 1963 catch yielded 18,014 short tons fish meal, 884,871 imperial gallons fish body oil, 4,605,080 pounds canned pilchards, and 214,968 pounds canned maasbanker. (The South African Shipping News and Fishing In-— dustry Review Review, August 1963. ae ee ANOTHER VESSEL CONVERTED FOR TUNA FISHERY: A new offshore tuna fishing venture off the west coast of South Africa is to be made by a Cape Town company. The company has bought the refrigerated vessel Marinette (285 gross tons) which was previously used for food ship- ments to West African ports. Modifications are to be made to the deck and the refrigerating system, and the Mari- nette will be equipped for iwng-line and pol pole fishing. The Marinette, which was built in 1955, is 108 feet long, has a 23-foot beam, and is powered by a 6 cylinder Diesel engine. She will be able to carry at least 120 tons of refrigerated tuna to port. A company official in Cape Town said: "Of course, the project at this stage is pure- ly exploratory, but we feel that it has great possibilities. Later we may get 1 or 2 more ships. The Marinette will be fully equipped to stay out for at least 40 days without re- fueling." _ (The South African Shipping News and Fishing Industry Review, August 1963.) KKK KK NEW LARGE PLASTIC-GLASS FISHING VESSEL: What may be the world's largest glass fiber and plastic fishing vessel should by now have been completed, according to a report in The South African Shipping News and Fish- ing Industry Review. The design plans called for a vessel 673 feet in length with a beam of 21 feet, powered by a Diesel engine of 220 hp. at 1,800 r.p. Ne, driving a 52-inch propeller through a 43: 1 reduction gear. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 79 Construction was done in a shipyard in Cape Town, South Africa, which had previously built smaller resin-glass vessels. The hull of the new vessel was built by a method known as "sandwich" construction. (A layer of foam- ed plastic is ''sandwiched" between lay-ups of glass fiber and resin, ) Plans called for a final hull thickness of 14 inches which would con- tain 40,000 square yards of glass mat or cloth. Unlike normal resin-glass lay-ups, the ''sand- wich'' method does not require a highly pol- ished rigid female mould. (World Fishing, September 1963.) South-West Africa FISHERIES TRENDS, AUGUST 1963: South-West Africa's tanker Anella (about 5,500 tons) loaded all the available fish oil at Walvis Bay during the last week of June 1963. The entire shipment was destined for the Unit- ed Kingdom. The Anella was due back at Walvis Bay in November for another cargo of fish oil stock for the United Kingdom. During the first half of July the quality of the fish, which has been the poorest for many years, improved and the oil yield rose to 11 to 12 gallons a ton of fish. The six factories were still curtailing canning operations in the hope that the quality of the fish would improve during August and September. The first of two more fish oil bulk storage tanks at Walvis Bay was completed during the middle of July. The tanks will have a capacity of about 2,000 tons each. (The South African Shippin News and Fishing Industry | Review, August 1963. KOK OK KX TWO NEW LICENSES GRANTED FOR FISH-REDUCTION PLANTS: The Executive Committee of the South- West Africa Administration announced on Au- gust 24, 1963, that it had granted two new li- censes for fish-reduction plants. One of the new plants will be located at Walvis Bay and the other at Luderitz. Each plant will have a quota of 90,000 tons of pilchards for reduction into fish meal and oil, and each is allotted a concession for 25 years. The license for 80 South-West Africa (Contd.): Luderitz includes an additional export quota of 500,000 pounds of spiny lobsters. The plants will have to be in operation by 1965. (United States Embassy, Pretoria, Sept. 5, 1963.) FISHERIES TRENDS, JANUARY-JUNE 1963: Taiwan's fisheries production during the first half of 1963 was estimated at 169,746 metric tons, about 3 percent above that in the same period of 1962. The increase would have been larger, except for a 22-percent de- cline in the yield from pond fish culture, fol- lowing frost and drought damage. Taiwan Shrimp exports during the first half of 1963, are estimated to be about double the 1962 total exports. Most of these exports have been going to Japan. In connection, with the development of a long-line tuna fleet, the authorities at Kaoh- siung Harbor are pressing plans to construct a new fishing harbor. Government officials have, however, revised plans for the harbor, reducing the estimated cost from NT$89 mil- lion (US$2.2 million) to below NT$60 million (US$1.5 million). In April the Land Bank (JCRR) and the Provincial Fishermen's Association agreed in principle to establish an NT$30 million (US$750,000) interest-free revolving loan fund to help rehabilitate debt ridden fish- men's associations. During the 2nd quarter of 1963, the China (Taiwan) Fisheries Corporation continued technical cooperation agreement negotiations with several foreign fishing corporations, including those of Malagasy, the Philippines, and Thailand, in an effort to expand Taiwan's deep-sea fishery operations and provide out- lets for the catch. (United States Embassy, Taipei, August 5, 1963.) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 11 |United Kingdom BREAD MADE FROM FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE EXHIBITED AT NUTRITIONAL CONFERENCE: The first firm in Great Britain to produce fish flour for human consumption is located in Aberdeen, Scotland, and produces large quantities of fish meal for animal feed. This firm is now ready to go into large-scale pro- duction of this new meal for export to under- developed countries fighting the problem of malnutrition. The firm has been conducting research on fish meal refinement for almost 20 years. This research has resulted ina high- ly refined flour that can be incorporated into any food. In mid-August this year their specially baked loaves of bread were on show at an Edinburgh exhibition on nutrition. The bread (baked in Edinburgh) withfishflour sent from Aberdeen, had a faint taste of fish, depending on the fish flour concentration. The Aberdeen firm's exhibit which was concurrent with the International Congress on Nutrition, was organized by the British White Fish Authority which has actively sup- ported the venture. The exhibit aroused worldwide interest among delegates on the use of proteins in basic foodstuffs. : The managing director of the Aberdeen firm in an interview, stated that the value of fish flour was in its high protein content. The fish meal had been refined to such an extent that, for human consumption, the flour was more than 80 percent protein. Half an ounce of the flour, he explained, would be quite sufficient to cover the daily protein re- quirement of one man. The Aberdeen area officer of the White Fish Authority, said they now realized fish was the best source of protein concentrate in the world. It was ''the practical solution to the fear of hunger in underdeveloped coun- tries." Cod, whiting, and haddock are the only fish used in the milling process at present. (Fish Trades Gazette, August 17, 1963.) OK KOK OK LOANS AND GRANTS FOR FISHING VESSELS AS OF JUNE 30, 1963: British White Fish Authority figures re- leased in August 1963 reveal that up to July, November 1963 United Kingdom. (Contd.): 358 grants have been approved this year for new near- and middle-water trawlers. Twenty-six grants have been approved for conversion of near- and middle-water trawl- ers to oil fired, steam or Diesel propulsionand grants for new vessels and new engines for the inshore industry number 882 and 546, respectively. Of grants for new trawlers, Aberdeen re- ceived 102, Grimsby 83, Lowestoft 75, Fleet- wood 48, Granton 22, Milford Haven 13, North Shields 12, Hartlepool 2, and Hull 1. For conversions, Lowestoft got 5, Milford Haven 13, and Aberdeen 8, Grants to the inshore industry were split 406 for new vessels and 336 for new engines to England; 16 for vessels and 30 for engines to Wales; and 460 for vessels and 180 for en- gines to Scotland. Since the program started, grants worth £12,588,809 (US$35.2 million), have been ap- proved. Total value of loans approved is $31,157,657 (US$87.2 million). (The Fishing News, August 30, 1963.) OK OK OK & NEW TRAWLER ORDERED FROM POLAND: A new conventional side-fishing deep- water trawler has been ordered by one of the large fishing companies in Grimsby, England, from a shipyard in Gdynia, Poland. The new vessel, which is due to be de- livered in February, 1965, will be the first Grimsby trawler to be built in Poland. The trawler will be 184 feet 34 inches between perpendiculars, 207 feet 34 inches over-all, with a moulded breadth of 32 feet 93 inches, and a mean draught of 14 feet 6 inches. The main engine will be a Diesel engine developing 1,800 b. hp., at 250 r.p.m., and is expected to give a service speed of 15 knots. The winch engine will be a 390 hp. Diesel and the winch will have a capacity of 1,600 fathoms of 3-inch warp. The bunker capacity of 194 tons will enable the trawler to stay at sea for up to 30 days. The fish- hold capacity will be 20,270 cubic feet. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 81 All the latest electronic equipment will be provided and will include a gyro compass and automatic steering, two radars, and automatic direction finder, A novel feature of the crew's quarters is the provision of a sick bay, the first to be provided in a Grimsby trawler. The galley is all-electric and a fully equip- ped workshop with lathe and drills is pro- vided for the engineers. (Fish Trades Ga- zette, September 17, 1963.) OOK OR ok SOME AGREEMENT REACHED ON SHARE-SYSTEM FOR CREW OF AUTOMATED STERN TRAWLERS: Talks between the British owners of an "automated'' smallsize sterntrawler and the Transport and General Workers' Union have produced near-agreement over manning and remuneration scales for members of the crews of the revolutionary, 5-man crewclass ships, With the push-button trawlers, the style for which has been set by the British firm, high mechanization cuts down the crew for North Sea vessels by over half from the customary 11 to 5. As such, these trawlers are not covered by any existing agreements. But after the first stage of negotiations, the regional secretary of the Union and the management have reached virtual agreement. The vessel's owners commented that fur- ther negotiations would take place and felt that all points would then be clarified. The new type vessel was due to be deliv- ered in late September. She will carry two officers, and three crewmen. (The Fishing News, August 30, 1963.) KOK OK OK OK TRAINING COURSES AID YOUNG MEN ENTERING TRAWL FISHERY: Improved training facilities are now avail- able to young men wishing to become trawler - men in Hull, England. They are being put in- to effect by a Recruitment and Training Officer on loan to the Hull Fishing Vessel Owners' Association. 82 United Kingdom (Contd.): Cook's assistants are now placed ontrawl- ers by the Recruitment and Training Depart- ment so that any young man who wants to take up this work applies directly to the Training Officer instead of offering his services to individual firms. The Officer then arranges for the recruit to have a medical examination, records his name, and he is ''called up'' when his turn comes. New recruits for the engineroom are giv- en a trip in a trawler as a supernumerary and for this they are paid. At the end of the trip they are then sent on a four-week induc- tion course at the Nautical College, after which they are available to firms as firemen proper. It is hoped that all future entrants into the engineroom will be trained under this pro- gram. In due course, as the number of Die- sel-driven trawlers increases and steam- driven trawlers decreases, it is planned to start a similar program for Diesel engine operators which would eventually take the place of the present course insteam engines. The deckhand-learners' course has been increased from 4 to 6 weeks and on comple- tion of the 6 weeks, learners will be sent to one of the net lofts for a further week's prac- tical training in net-mending and so on. The course also includes two new lectures, ''The Meaning of Discipline" and ''Safety at Sea." The biggest improvement is probably in the training of firemen to become second engineers. This course, which was original- ly 2 weeks steam and 2 weeks Diesel, has been increased to 6 weeks steam and 10 weeks Diesel. It is hoped to award some form of certificate on completion of the course. A new regulation has been introduced to ensure that no man may sail as bosun or mate without holding a First Class Net- Mending Certificate. The bosuns' course has included this certificate, but it has been possible for a deckhand to take his mate's certificate and eventually sail as mate with- out ever having held a First Class Net-Mend- ing certificate. Future courses for mate will include instruction and examination for this certificate. (The Fishing News, August 23, 1963.) BOGE COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 11 Uruguay FISHERY RESOURCES TO BE STUDIED: Although Uruguay has access to consider- able fish reserves in an area estimated at one million square kilometers, this resource has been underexploited. In 1961, of 6.1 mil- lion tons landed in South America only 9,000 tons were landed in Uruguay. The use of fish mealor flour is almost completely undevel- oped. The domestic market for fishery prod- ucts is limited and the per capita consumption per year is only 6.6 pounds as compared to about 240 pounds of meat. The fishing industry in Uruguay is divided into Government and private enterprises. In 1957, the Government produced 25 percent of the total Uruguayan production with unit costs twice as great as private enterprise. Since 1957, the Government enterprise's proportion has steadily decreased to 9 percent in 1961. Efforts are now being made to increase the efficiency and productivity of the Government fishery unit. The Government, the University of the Republic, and the Ministry of National Defense have set up a joint work group to _ study and evaluate fishery resources. (Unit- ed States Embassy, Montevideo, September 7, 1963.) Venezuela JOINT JAPANESE-VENEZUELAN TUNA-PROCESSING AND FREEZING VENTURE PLANNED: According to an official of the Export-Import Bank of Ja- pan, an agreement has been reached between a consortium of Japanese fishing companies and a group of Venezuelan in- dustrialists for the formation of a jointly-owned company, 50 percent subscribed by Japanese interests and 50 percent by Venezuelan interests. Capitalization of the company is to be Bs 4 million (US$881,000) and the registration was to be made formally on October 11, 1963. The jointly-owned company will construct near Guiria on the Paria Peninsula in eastern Venezuela a fish cleaning and freezing plant with facilities to convert the fish waste into fish meal at a total cost of approximately Bs 3-1/2 million ($771,000). In connection with this investment, the Export- Import Bank of Japan will loan Bs 6 million ($1,322,000) to the corporation for the construction of dock facilities, The cleaning and freezing plant will process tuna and will have a daily capacity of 450 metric tons of processed fish plus 250 to 300 metric tons of fish meal made from the waste, Construction of the plant was to begin at the end of October. 1963 and should be completed 14 months later or in Decem- ber 1964 if the construction schedule is followed. The plant © will employ approximately 600 workers when in full produc- tion, All of the fish processed will be supplied on contract by Japanese fishing vessels operating in Atlantic waters ata November 1963 Venezuela (Contd.): considerable distance from Venezuela. The fishing opera- tions will not be carried on by the corporation. The vessels will not be of Venezuelan registry and as the catch will come from outside territorial waters, a duty of Bs 2.00 per kilogram (about 10 U.S, cents a pound) would be due on the fish landed in Venezuela, However, special arrangements have been made with the Venezuelan Government whereby none of the fish or fish meal will be sold by the corporation for consumption within Venezuela and the Venezuelan Government will waive the duty. A group of Japanese experts has made a study of the wa- ters of the Gulf of Paria and of those off the Territory Delta Amacuro including those of the delta of the Orinoco River, all of which are presently comparatively unexploited. It was the conclusion of the Japanese experts that these waters have ample resources to supply a fish meal industry and a shrimp processing plant. Therefore, if the tuna cleaning and freez- ing plant is successful, the corporation plans to enlarge the facilities in 1965 at an approximate cost of Bs 2-1/2 million ($551,000) so as to include both a fish meal and a shrimp proc- essing plant. (United States Embassy, Caracas, September 26, 1963.) Note: Bolivares converted at official free market rate of 4.54 bolivares equal US$1. Viet-Nam MECHANIZATION OF FISHING FLEET: There were 5,247 powered fishing craft in Viet-Nam at the end of August 1963, accord- ing to a census by the Fisheries Directorate's provincial representatives. At the end of 1962, the Fisheries Directorate reported only 3,600 motorized fishing vessels, based on estimates which were understated. Non- motorized fishing craft number 36,749, A- bout 45 percent of the motorized vessels are in the important fishing communities of Phuoc Tuy, Binh Tuy, and Binh Thuan Provinces. Motorization of the fishing fleet began in 1957 and has been one of the main reasons for a substantial increase in Viet-Nam's COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 83 commercial fish catch. (United States Em- bassy, Saigon, September 26, 1963.) Be ( ESS, kd Wh Zanzibar FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT: The Government of Zanzibar is the con- trolling stockholder in the Zanzibar Fisher- ies Development Co., which was formed to exploit the sardine and tuna resources off the East African Coast and to develop curing, cold storage, and processing facilities. Zanzibar is centrally located on a large area of water which is protected throughout both monsoon periods. Trials conducted off Zanzibar over the past 18 months have shown that sardines can be caught in commercial quantities throughout the year by purse-seine vessels fishing at night with lights. The 2 fishing craft operated by the Zanzibar Fish- eries Development Company can catch be- tween 100 to 150 metric tons of sardines per lunar period. The company is now building a purse-Seine vessel to explore tuna stocks. The Company has completed a curing house with a capacity of 5 tons of sardines per day. Machinery has been ordered for a cold-stor- age plant with a capacity of 60 tons which should be in operation early in 1964. The Company is cooperating closely with the East African Marine Fisheries Research Organization which is making a study of pe- lagic fish off the East African Coast in order to determine their potential for commercial fishing. (United States Consul, Zanzibar, September 8, 1963.) FISH CURING METHODS "Fish curing comprises all methods of preservation ex- cept refrigeration and canning. It includes (1) the drying, smoking, salting, and pickling of fish, (2) various combina- tions of these methods, and (3) miscellaneous methods such as the use of vinegar and fermentation processes or ripen- ing. --Principles and Methods in the Canning of Fishery Products, Research Report No. 18 (page 1). 84 Foreign Fisheries Briefs CUBAN FISHERIES CENTER UNDER CONSTRUCTION WITH SOVIET AID: A Cuban fishing port is under construction, with Soviet technical and economic aid, in At- aras Cove in Havana Bay. A total area of a- bout 25 acres is involved. Included in the fa- cilities will be docks, a shipyard, a cold-stor- age plant, canneries, warehouses, and a fish- reduction plant. Large warehouses have al- ready been built for the storage of construc- tion materials and supplies. About 2,000 workers will be occupied during construction; five major buildings and a dock area of 23 acres on concrete piles are being built. The cold-storage plant will be about 825 feet long and about 200 feet wide with a storage capaci- ty of 10,000 tons. The port will be equipped with radio, telephone, the latest indoor and outdoor lighting facilities, radar, and televi- sion. The agreement for the construction of the Soviet-Cuban financed fishing port was an- nounced on September 25, 1962, by Cuban ra- dio and television which broadcast the sign- ing ceremony between the Cuban Premier and Soviet Fisheries Minister. The $12 million cost of the port will be shared equally by the Soviet Union and Cuba. Earlier on August 5, 1962, a Soviet-Cuban fisheries agreement was signed in Havana providing for Soviet aid to develop a Cuban commercial fishing indus- try. Asa result of the August agreement, the Soviets sent 5 or 6 trawlers to Cuba on aloan basis for a year. The fishing port in Havana Bay, in addi- tion to serving Cuban needs, is expected to facilitate fishing operations of the Soviet COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW fleet in the Western Atlantic Ocean for an agreed-upon period of 10 years. It has been estimated that about 30 Soviet fishing vessels have thus far been operating out of Cuban ports. CUBA PROMOTING CONSUMPTION OF FISH: The Cuban Government is conducting an advertising campaign to persuade Cubans to eat merluza (assumed! to be whiting), which is being landed by Soviet fishing vessels. It was reported that shellfish have always been popular in Cuba, but finfish were seldom eaten. Fish were removed fromthe Cuban Vol. 25, No. 11 list of rationed items on June 3, 1963, and the Government planned to increase Cuban consumption of fishery products by 220 per- cent this year. (Fish Trades Gazette, Lon- don, August 10, 1963.) SOVIETS FIND NEW FISHING GROUNDS IN INDIAN OCEAN: Soviet fishermen are reported to have found a ''new fishing ground'' in the southern Indian Ocean where they have located large resources of pelagic fish. In the Gulf of Aden, explora- tory fishing is under way with''new equipment." (Unpublished sources.) SOVIET FISHING FLEET IN NORTHWEST ATLANTIC, AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 1963: Until August 1963, the Soviet fishing fleet on and near Georges Bank in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean was estimated to have num- bered about 200 vessels. The fleet size in the area remained fairly constant during the summer, although there was a rotation of vessels. In September, the number of Soviet vessels in the area was reduced to about 100. (Unpublished sources.) SOVIET FISHING EFFORT DECLINES IN EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC ANDIBERING SEAN 70 2a Beginning in early June 1963 and continu- ing through July, the Soviet fishing effort in the eastern North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea remained fairly constant, comprising a fleet of about 200 vessels. In early August, the size of the Soviet fleet in the area began to decrease. Although the major effort still continued to be trawling for ocean perch in the Gulf of Alaska, the Soviet fleet in the east- ern North Pacific and Bering Sea had beenre- duced to about 65 vessels by early September. Many of the vessels which had left the area are reported fishing for herring and saury off the coasts of Siberia and the Kuril Is- lands. (Unpublished sources.) SOVIET SAURY FISHING VESSELS TESTING FLUORESCENT LIGHTS: This year (1963), Soviet saury fishing ves- sels from Sakhalin are being equipped with fluorescent lamps for night fishing. Thenew lamps consume considerably less electric current than the older incandescent lamps. Experiments are continuing on the use of the new lamps. (Unpublished sources.) U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 694 November 1963 Foreign Fisheries Briefs (Contd.): SOVIETS TEST NEW METHOD FOR OPERATING LARGE FREEZER TRAWLERS: A large freezer stern trawler is now op- erating out of Vladivostok in what the Soviets callthe'' voyage method.' First adopted during 1963, the stern trawler remains at sea for 90 to 95 days including the round trip from port to the fishing grounds. Between trips the vessel remains in port 10 to 12 days. The vessel processes its entire catch and the So- viets claim that a tremendous increase in productivity has been achieved. Under the old method of operations, the large freezer trawlers, which were at sea for long periods, transferred the catch to cargo vessels at sea. (Unpublished sources.) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 85 SOVIET WHALING FLEET PREPARING FOR ANTARCTIC SEASON: In September 1963, two Soviet whaling fac- toryships, the Sovetskaya Ukraina and the Slava, both with decks equipped to handle heli- copters, were being readied for a joint Ant- arctic whaling expedition. In addition to the modern factoryships, the fleet will include 30 whale catcher boats, a scientific research vessel, and support ships. The Soviets have stated that their whaling fleet will also conduct research on the fishery resources of the Ant- arctic. (Unpublished sources.) Notes: (1) These briefs were abstracted and compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Branch of Foreign Fisheries and Trade. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1963 pe 97; August 1963 p. 112, THE ROLE OF THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE A major problem facing the nation is adjusting its fish and wildlife resources to the changing combina- tions and conditions of land and water and in meeting the challenge of developing the food potential of the. lakes and oceans. To that task the Fish and Wildlife Service is dedi- cated. The degree of its success in that important undertaking is the measure of its contribution to the cause of conservation. Science helps us perpetuate our fish and wildlife. Helping adjust fisheries and wildlife resources to food and recreational needs of the Nation is the task of the Fish and Wildlife Service FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE | U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR |; 86 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 11 Department of Commerce COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY RESEARCH OCEANOGRAPHER APPOINTED: Dr. Robert S. Dietz, internationally known scientist and author, has been appointed as a research oceano- grapher for the Coast and Geodetic Survey, U.S. De- partment of Com- merce, the Director of the Survey, an- nounced on Septem- ber 22, 1963. Dietz is the au- thor of more than 100 scientific papers on oceanography and » marine geology. He ) participated in the ©) United States devel- | opment of the Pic- card bathyscaph, the Trieste, which de- cended in 1960 to a record depth of seven miles in the Marianas Trench of the Pacific. Dr. Robert S. Dietz The Director said one of Dietz! initial as- signments will be to represent the United States in deep sea studies to be undertaken by a joint United States-Japanese Committee established by President Kennedy and the Prime Minister of Japan. Dietz spent a year at Tokyo University in 1953 as a Fulbright scholar. His knowledge of Japanese and o- ceanography make him peculiarly well quali- fied for this task. The appointment "is part of our effort to carry out the increasing responsibilities of the Coast and Geodetic Survey in such im- portant fields as oceanography, seismology, geodesy, and cartography," the Director stated. Dietz is a graduate of the University of Illinois with BS, MS, PhD degrees. Most of his graduate work was done at Scripps In- stitution of Oceanography at La Jolla. GEAR oY Department of Defense ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS PROPOSED REVISION OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS CONCERNING OPERATION OF DRAWBRIDGES ON ATLANTIC AND GULF COASTS: Public notice of a proposed modification of the existing Federal Regulations govern- ing the operacion of drawbridges was issued by the U.S. Arm, Corps of Engineers on September 24, 1963. Section 203.240 of Title 33 of the Code of Federal Regulations prescribes regula- tions for the operation of drawbridges crossing navigable waters discharging into the Atlantic Ocean south of and in- cluding Chesapeake Bay, and into the Gulf of Mexico (including the Lower Atcha- falaya River, La.), except the Mississippi River and its tributaries and outlets. It is proposed to amend the existing reg- ulations by the addition of the follow- ing paragraph: W j. (1) Drawbridges shall not be re- quired to open for craft carrying ap- purtenances unessential to-navigation and any vessel operator who causes a bridge to be opened in order to clear appurtenances unessential for naviga- tion shall be considered in violation of the regulations of this section. (2) Appurtenances unessential for navigation shall include but not be November 1963 be limited to fishing outriggers, ra- dio or television antennae, false stacks, and masts purely for orna- mental purposes. Appurtenances un- essential to navigation will not in- clude flying bridges, sailboat masts, pile driver leads, spud frames on hydraulic dredges, or other items of equipment clearly necessary to the intended use of the vessel. (3) Owners of drawbridges shall report to the proper District Engi- neer the names of any vessels re- quiring bridge openings considered to be in violation of this section. The District Engineer may at any time cause an inspection to be made of any craft utilizing the a- bove-captioned navigable waters and is empowered to decide in each case whether or not the appurte- nances are unessential to navigation. If the District Engineer decides a vessel has appurtenances unessential to navigation, he shall notify the vessel owner of his decision, spec- ifying a reasonable time for mak- ing necessary alterations. If the vessel owner is aggrieved by the decision of the District Engineer, he may within 30 days after receipt of the request to perform neces- sary alterations, appeal the decision to the District Engineer in writing. After receipt by the District En- gineer, the appeal will be forward- ed through channels to the Secre- tary of the Army. If the Secre- tary of the Army rules that an ap- purtenance is unessential to nav- igation, the District Engineer shall again specify to the vessel owner a reasonable time for making nec- essary alterations to the appur- tenance, and after the expiration of the time specified, any operation of the vessel on the above-cap- tioned navigable waters in such a manner as to require drawbridge openings shall be deemed in viola- tion of the regulations of this section, unless the necessary alter- ations shall have been made.' Regulations identical to the above have been in effect since 1957 on that portion of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway between COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 87 the Virginia-North Carolina boundary and Key West, Fla., and on that section of the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway from Rigolets, La., to Apalachee Bay, Fla., and tributaries thereto. The proposed additional regulations, if adopted, would not leave it to the judgment of a bridgetender as to whether or not a bridge would be opened. Bridgetenders would still be required to open a bridge upon re- ceipt of proper signal from an approaching vessel if the bridge was otherwise required to be opened at the time. The regulations would merely provide a means by which boat owners could be required to alter their ves- sels in such way as to eliminate the neces - sity of bridge openings brought about entirely by appurtenances which have been determined to be unessential to navigation. The Army Corps of Engineers did not plan to hold a public hearing for consideration of the pro- posed amendment to the bridge regulations. Interested persons were given until October 25, 1963, to submit comments and such com- ments were to be given the same weight as if developed in a public hearing. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION USE OF CALCIUM DISODIUM EDTA PERMITTED AS A COLOR RETENTION ADDITIVE IN CANNED CLAMS: The food additive calcium disodium EDTA to promote color retention in canned cooked clams may be safely used under certain con- ditions. The amendment to the food additive regulations providing for this change as pub- lished by the Food and Drug Administration in the September 25, 1963, Federal Register follows: PART 121—-FOOD ADDITIVES Subpart D—Food Additives Permitted in Food for Human Consumption Caucrom Disoprom Epta (Catcrom D1- SODIUM ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETATE, Catcrom DisopIum (ETHYLENEDINI- TRILO) TETRAACETATE) The Commissioner of Food and Drugs, having evaluated data in a petition filed by Geigy Chemical Corporation, Saw Mill River Road, Ardsley, New York, and other relevant material, has concluded that an amendment to § 121.1017 should 88 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW issue to prescribe the conditions of use of the additive as a stabilizer of the color of canned clams. Therefore, pursuant to the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug. and Cosmetic Act (sec 409 (c) (1), 12 Stat. 1786; 21 U.S.C. 348(c)(1)), ‘and under the authority delegated to the Commissioner by the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare (25 F.R. 8625), §121.1017 Calcium disodium EDTA * * * is amended by inserting in Paragraph (b)(1), immediately pre- ceding “Crabmeat ‘(cooked canned) ,” a new item reading as follows: Clams (cooked 340 | Promote color reten- canned). tion. Any person who will be adversely af- fected by the foregoing order may at any time within 30 days from the date of its publication in the FEDERAL REGIS- TER file with the Hearing Clerk, Depart- ment of Health, Education, and Welfare, Room 5440, 330 Independence Avenue SW., Washington 25, D.C., written ob- jections thereto. Objections shall show wherein the person filing will be ad- versely affected by the order and specify with particularity the provisions of the order deemed objectionable and the grounds for the objections. If a hear- ing is requested, the objections must state the issues for the hearing. A hear- ing will be granted if the objections are supported by grounds legally sufficient to justify the relief sought. Objections may be accompanied by a memorandum or brief in support thereof. All docu- ments shall be filed in quintuplicate. Effective date. This order shall be effective on the date of its publication in the FEDERAL REGISTER. (Sec. 409(c) (1), 72 Stat. 1786; 21 U.S.C. 348 (c) (1)) ‘Dated: September 18, 1963. Geo. P. LarRIcK, Commissioner of Food and Drugs. Department of the Interior FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR NATIONAL FISHERIES CENTER APPOINTED: The appointment of William Hagen, Jr., as Assistant Director of the new National Fisheries Center and Aquarium to be built in Washington, D.C., was announced on Sep- tember 26, 1963, by Secretary of the Interior Stewart L. Udall. Hagen, former Chief of the Branch of Fish Hatcheries in the U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, also will serve as Acting Director of the Center. Vol. 25, No. 11 The new National Fisheries Center and A- quarium, which is to be Cepeerteuee on Hains Point in the Nation's z: capital, will be one of the largest and most complete in- stallations in the world for exhibi- ting and studying aquatic life. Con- struction and op- erating costs of the new $10-mil- lion center will be repaid by a small admission charge. More than 1,000 species of fish, amphibians, and invertebrates will be displayed in natural surroundings which will include indoor and outdoor pools. There will be a trout stream, a bayou for bass, and especially designed tanks for tropical fish. ees William Hagen, Jr. The Fisheries Center will have facilities and specimens to aid aquatic research insuch varied fields as marine fish diseases, behav- ior of aquatic organisms, nutrition of fish, and medical values of antibiotics produced by marine animals. In his new position, Hagen will work on the preliminary planning and design for the National Fisheries Center and Aquarium. Treasury Department INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE FISHERMEN'S ESTIMATED INCOME TAX: Notice of proposed rule making having been published by the Internal Revenue Serv- ice in the Federal Register, July 2, 1963, and no objection to the rules proposed having been received, regulations as proposed were a- dopted September 25, 1963, to extend to fish- ermen the same treatment accorded farmers in relation to estimated income tax. The regulations consist of amendments to the In- come Tax Regulations (26 CFR Part 1) in order to conform the regulations to changes made by Public Law 87-682 approved Sep- tember 25, 1962. The amendments as published in the Fed- eral Register, October 1, 1963, follow: November 1963 PART I1—INCOME TAX; TAXABLE YEARS BEGINNING AFTER DECEM- BER 31, 1953 Extension to Fishermen of Same Treat- ment Accorded Farmers in Relation fo Estimated Tax In order to conform the Income Tax_ Regulations (26 CFR Part 1) under sec- tions 6015(£) , 6073, 6153, and 6654 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 to the Act of September 25, 1962 (Public Law 87-682, 76 Stat. 575), such regulations are amended as follows: ParacGRaPH 1. Section 1.6015(f) is amended by revising subsection (f) of section 6015 and the historical note to read as follows: § 1.6015(f) Statutory provisions; dec- laration of estimated income tax by individuals; return as declaration or amendment. SEc. 6015. Declaration of estimated income taz by individuals. * * * (1) Return as declaration or amendment. If on or before January 31 (or February 15, in the case of an individual referred to in section 6073(b), relating to income from farming or fishing) of the succeeding tax- able year the taxpayer files a return, for the taxable year for which the declaration is re- quired, and pays in full the amount com- puted on the return as payable, then, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary or his delegate— (1) If the declaration is not required to be filed during the taxable year, but 1s re- quired to be filed on or before January 16, such return shall be considered as such dec- laration; and (2) If the tax shown on the return (re- duced by the sum of the credits against tax provided by part IV of subchapter A of chap- ter 1) is greater than the estimated tax shown in a declaration previously made, or in the last amendment thereof, such return shall be considered as the amendment of the declaration permitted by subsection (e) to be filed on or before January 15. In the application of this subsection in the case of a taxable year beginning on any date ‘other than January 1, there shall be substi- tuted, for the 15th or last day of the months specified in this subsection, the 15th or last day of the months which correspond thereto. [Sec. 6015(f) as amended by sec. 74, Techni- cal Amendments Act 1958 (72 Stat. 1660); sec. 1(a)(1), Act of Sept. 25, 1962 (Pub. Law 87-682, 76 Stat.575) | Par. 2. Section 1.6015(f)-1 is amended by revising subparagraph (1) of para- graph (a) to read as follows: § 1.6015(f)—-1 Return as declaration or amendment. (a) Time for filing return. (1) If the taxpayer files his return for the calendar year on or before January 31 (or Febru- ary 15, in the case of an individual re- ferred to in section 6073(b), relating to income from farming or, with respect to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1962, from fishing) of the succeeding calendar year (or if the taxpayer is on a fiscal year basis, on or before the last day of the first month (in the case of a farmer or, with respect to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1962, a fisherman, the 15th day of the second month) immediately succeeding the close COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW of such fiscal year), and pays in full the amount computed on the return as pay- able, then— (i) If the declaration is not required to be filed during the taxable year, but is re- quired to be filed on or before January 15 of the succeeding year (or the date cor- responding thereto in the case of a fiscal year), such return shall be considered as such declaration; or (ii) If a declaration was filed during the taxable year, such return shall be considered as the amendment of the declaration permitted by section 6015(e) to be filed on or before January 15 of the succeeding year (or the date corre- sponding thereto in the case of a fiscal year). Hence, for example, an individ- ual taxpayer on the calendar year basis who, subsequent to September 1, 1963, first meets the requirements of section 6015(a) which necessitate the filing of a declaration for 1963, may satisfy the re- quirements as to the filing of such decla- ration by filing his return for 1963 on or before January 31, 1964 (February 15, 1964, in the case of a farmer or fisher- man), and paying in full at the time of such filing the tax shown thereon to be payable. Likewise, if a taxpayer files on or before September 15, 1963, a timely declaration for such year and subsequent thereto and on or before January 31, 1964, files his return for 1963, and pays at the time of such filing the tax shown by the return to be payable, such return shall be treated as an arhended declara- tion timely filed. Par. 3. Section 1.6073 is amended by revising subsections (a) and (b) of sec- tion 6073 and by adding a historical note. The amended provisions read as follows: § 1.6073 Statutory provisions; time for filing declarations of estimated in- come tax by individuals. Sec. 6073. Time for filing declarations of estimated income tar by individuals—(a) Individuals other than farmers or fishermen. Declarations of estimated tax required by section 6015 from individuals regarded as neither farmers nor fishermen for the purpose of that section shall be filed on or before April 15 of the taxable year, except that if the requirements of section 6015 are first met— (1) After April 1 and before June 2 of the taxable year, the declaration shall be filed on or before June 15 of the taxable year, or (2) After June 1 and before September 2 of the taxable year, the declaration shall be filed on or before September 15 of the taxable year, or (3) After September 1 of the taxable year, the declaration shall be filed on or before January 15 of the succeeding taxable year. (b) Farmers or fishermen. Declarations of estimated tax required by section 6015 from individuals whose estimated gross in- come from farming or fishing (including oyster farming) for the taxable year is at least two-thirds of the total estimated gross income from all sources for the taxable year may, in lieu of the time prescribed in sub- section (a), be filed at any time on or before January 15 of the succeeding taxable year. * ° * 2 * [Sec. 6073 as amended by secs. 1 (a) (2), (b), (c), Act of Sept. 25, 1962 (Pub. Law 87-682, 76 Stat. 575) ] Par. 4. Section 1.6073-1 is amended by revising paragraphs (a), (b), and (d) to read as follows: 89 § 1.6073-1 Time and place for filing declarations of estimated income tax by individuals. (a) Individuals other than farmers or fishermen. Declarations of estimated tax for the calendar year shall be made on or before April 15th of such calendar year by every individual whose antici- pated income for the year meets the re- quirements of section 6015(a). If, how- ever, the requirements necessitating the filing of the declaration are first met, in the case of an individual on the calendar year basis, after April 1st, but before June 2d of the calendar year, the decla- ration must be filed on or before June 15th; if such requirements are first met after June lst and before September 2d, the declaration must be filed on or be- fore September 15th; and if such re- quirements are first met after September 1st, the declaration must be filed on or before January 15th of the succeeding calendar year. In the case of an individ- ual on the fiscal year basis, see § 1.60732. (b) Farmers or fishermen—(1) In general. In the case of an individual on a calendar year basis, whose esti- mated gross income from farming (in- cluding oyster farming) or, with respect to taxable years beginning after De- cember 31, 1962, from fishing for the calendar year is at least two-thirds of his total estimated gross income from all sources for such year, his declaration may be filed on or before the 15th day of January of the succeeding calendar year in lieu of the time prescribed in paragraph (a) of this section. For the filing of a return in lieu of a declaration, see paragraph (a) of § 1.6015(f)-1. (2) Farmers. The estimated gross in- come from farming is the estimated in- come resulting from oyster farming, the cultivation of the soil, the raising or harvesting of any agricultural or horti- cultural commodities, and the raising of livestock, bees, or poultry. In other words, the requisite gross income must be derived from the operations of a stock, dairy, poultry, fruit, or truck farm, or plantation, ranch, nursery, range, or- chard, or oyster bed. If an individual receives for the use of his land income in the form of-a share of the crops pro- duced thereon such income is from farming. As to determination of income of farmers, see sections 61 and 162 and the regulations thereunder. (3) Fishermen. The estimated gross income from fishing is the estimated in- come resulting from the catching, tak- ing, harvesting, cultivating, or farming of any kind of fish, shellfish (for ex- ample, clams and mussels), crustacea (for example, lobsters, crabs, and shrimps), sponges, seaweeds, or other acquatic forms of animal and vegetable life. The estimated gross income from fishing includes the income expected to be received by an officer or member of the crew of a vessel while the vessel is engaged in any such activity, whether or not the officer or member of the crew is himself so engaged, and, in the case of an individual who is engaged in any such activity in the employ of any person, the 90 income expected to be received by*such individual from such employment. In addition, income expected to be received for services performed as an ordinary incident to any such activity is estimated gross income from fishing. Similarly, for example, the estimated gross income from fishing includes income expected to be received from the shore services of an officer or member of the crew of a vessel engaged in any such activity, if such services are an ordinary incident to any such activity. Services performed as an ordinary incident to such activities include, for example, services performed in such cleaning, icing, and packing of fish as are necessary for the immediate preservation of the catch. * * s s s (d) Amendment of declaration. An amended declaration of estimated tax may be filed during any interval between installment dates prescribed for the tax- able year. However, no amended decla- ration may be filed until after the in- stallment date on or before which the original declaration was filed and only one amended declaration may be filed during each interval between install- ment dates. An amended declaration shall be filed with the district director win whom the original declaration was ed. Par. 5. Section 1.6073-2 is amended to read as follows: ; § 1.6073-2 Fiscal years. (a) Individuals other than farmers or fishermen. In the case of an individual on the fiscal year basis, the declaration must be filed on or before the 15th day of the 4th month of the taxable year. If, however, the requirements of section 6015(a) are first met after the 1st day of the 4th month and before the 2d day of the 6th month, the declaration must be filed cn or before the 15th day of the 6th month of the taxable year. If such requirements are first met after the 1st day of the 6th month, and before the 2d day of the 9th month, the declara- tion must be filed on or before the 15th day of the 9th month of the taxable year. If such requirements are first met after the 1st day of the 9th month, the declaration must be filed on or before the 15th day of the Ist month of the succeeding fiscal year. Thus, if an in- dividual taxpayer has a fiscal year end- ing on June 30, 1956, his declaration must be filed on or before October 15, 1955, if the requirements of section 6015 (a) are met on or before October 1, 1955. If, however, such requirements are not met until after October 1, 1955, and be- fore December 2, 1955, the declaration need not be filed until December 15, 1955. (b) Farmers or fisherman. An indi- vidual on the fiscal year basis whose estimated gross income from farming or, with respect to taxable years begin- ning after December 31, 1962, from fish- ing (as defined in paragraph (b) of § 1.6073-1) is at least two-thirds of his total estimated gross income from all sources for such taxable year may file his declaration on or before the 15th day of the month immediately following the close of his taxable year. Par. 6. Section 1.6073-3 is amended to read as follows: COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW § 1.6073—3 Short taxable years. (a) Individuals other than farmers or fishermen. In the case of short tax- able years the declaration shall be filed on or before the 15th day of the 4th month of such taxable year if the re- quirements of section 6015(a) are met on or before the ist day of the 4th month of such year. If such require- ments are first met after the Ist day of the 4th month but before the 2d day of the 6th month, the declaration must be filed on or before the 15th day of the 6th month. If such requirements are first met after the Ist day of the 6th month but before the 2d day of the 9th month, the declaration must be filed on or before the 15th day of the 9th month. If, however, the period for which the declaration is filed is one of 4 months, or one of 6 months and the requirements of section 6015(a) are not met until af- ter the ist day of the 4th month, or one of 9 months and such requirements are not met until after the Ist day of the 6th month, the declaration may be filed on or before the 15th day of the succeeding taxable year. (b) Farmers or fishermen. In the case of an individual whose estimated gross income from farming or, with re- spect to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1962, from fishing (as de- fined in paragraph (b) of § 1.6073-1) for a short taxable year is at least two- thirds of his total estimated gross income from all sources for such taxable year, his declaration may be filed on or before the 15th day of the month immediately following the close of such taxable year. Par. 7. Section 1.6153 is amended by revising subsection (b) of section 6153 and by adding a historical note. The amended provision reads as follows: § 1.6153 Statutory provisions; install- ment payments of estimated income tax by individuals. Sec. 6153. Installment payments of esti- tated income taz by individuals. * * * (b) Farmers or fishermen. If an individ- ual referred to in section 6073(b) (relating to income from farming or fishing) makes a declaration of estimated tax after Sep- tember 15 of the taxable year and on or be- fore January 15 of the succeeding taxable year, the estimated tax shall be paid in full at the time of the filing of the declaration. *. * * * * [Sec. 6153 as amended by sec. 1 (a) (3), (c), Act of Sept. 25, 1962 (Pub. Law 87-682, 76 Stat. 575) ] Par. 8. Section 1.6153-1 is amended by revising paragraph (b) to read as fol- lows: § 1.6153-1 Payment of estimated tax by individuals. * * * * + (b) Farmers or fishermen. Special provisions are’ made with respect to the filing of the declaration and the payment of the tax by an individual whose esti- mated gross income from farming or, with respect to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1962, from fishing is at least two-thirds of his total gross in- come from all sources for the taxable year. As to what constitutes income from farming or fishing within the meaning of this paragraph, see para- graph (b) of § 1.6073-1. The declaration of such an individual may be filed on or Vol. 25, No. 11 -before January 15 of the succeeding tax- able year in lieu of the time prescribed for individuals generally. Where such an individual makes a declaration of estimated tax after September 15 of the taxable year, the estimated tax shall be paid in full at the time of the filing of the declaration. Par. 9. Section 1.6654 is amended by revising subsection (b)(1) of section 6654 and so much of subparagraph (C) of subsection (d) (1) of section 6654 as precedes clause (i), and by adding a his- torical note. The amended provisions read as follows: § 1.6654 Statutory provisions; failure by individual to pay estimated in- come tax. Sec. 6654. Failure by individual to pay esti- mated income tar. * * * (b) Amount of underpayment. * * * (1) The amount of the installment which would be required to be paid if the estimated tax were equal to 70 percent (6634 percent in the case of individuals referred to in sec- tk n 6073(b), relating to income from farm- ing or fishing) of the tax shown on the re- turn for the taxable year or, if no return was filed, 70 percent (66%4 percent in the case of individuals referred to in section 6073(b) re- lating to income from farming or fishing) of the tax for such year, over * * s > *. (d) Exception. * * * (4) ees (C) An amount equal to 70 percent (6634 percent in the case of individuals referred to in section 6073(b), relating to income from farming or fishing) of the tax for the taxable year computed by placing on an annualized basis the taxable income for the months in the taxable year ending before the month in which the installment is re- quired to be paid. For purposes of this sub- paragraph, the taxable income shall be placed on an annualized basis by— > . . s * [Sec. 6654 as amended by sec. 1(a) (4), Act of Sept. 25, 1962 (Pub. Law 87-682, 76 Stat. 575) ] Par. 10. Section 1.6654-1 is amended by revising subparagraph (1) (i) of para- graph (a) and Example (1) in paragraph (c) to read as follows: § 1.6654-1 Addition to the tax in the case of an individual. (a) Ingeneral. (1) * * * os (i) 70 percent (6624 percent in the case of individuals referred to in section 6073(b), relating to income from farm- ing or, with respect to taxable years be- ginning after December 31, 1962, from fishing) of the tax shown on the return for.the taxable year or, if no return was filed, 70 percent (66% percent in the case of individuals referred to in section 6073(b), relating to income from farming or, with respect.to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1962, from fishing) of the tax for such year, divided by the number of installment dates pre- scribed for such taxable year, over . * * s s (c) Examples. * * * Ezample (1). An individual taxpayer files his return for the calendar year 1955 on April 15, 1956, showing a tax of $40,000. He has paid a total of $20,000 of estimated tax in four equal installments of $5,000 on each of the four installment dates prescribed for such year. No other payments were made prior to the date the return was filed. Since the amount of each installment paid by the November 1963 last date prescribed for payment thereof is less than one-quarter of 70 percent of the tax shown on the return, the addition to the tax is applicable in respect of the under- payment existing as of each installment date and is computed as follows: (1) Amount of tax shown on re- turn Sass ena ee ae $40, 000 (2) 70 percent of item (1) -- 28, 000 (3) One-fourth of item (2)- 7,000 (4) Deduct amount paid on h installment date_--_-------. 5, 000 (5) Amount of underpayment for each installment date (item (3) minus item (4) )-------- 2,000 (6) Addition to the tax: 1st installment—period 4— 15-55 to 4-15-56___-____ $120 2d installment—period 6— 15-55 to 4-15-56________ 100 3d installment—period 9— 15-55 to 4-15-56_______- 70 4th installment—period 1— 15-56 to 4-15-56_______- R 30 LOGS | meena ere eee 320 Par. 11. Section 1.6654-2 is amended by revising so much of subparagraph (3) of paragraph (a) as precedes subdivision (i). This amended provision reads as follows: § 1.6654-2 Exceptions to imposition of the addition to the tax in the case of individuals. (a) Ingeneral. * * * (3) The amount which would have been required to be paid on or before the date prescribed for payment if the esti- mated tax were an amount equal to 70 percent (6624 percent in the case of in- dividuals referred to in section 6073(b), relating to income from farming or, with respect to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1962, from fishing) of the tax computed by placing on an annual basis the taxable income for the calen- dar months in the taxable year preceding such date. The taxable income shall be placed on an annual basis by— Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Sept. 1963 p. 108. Eighty-Eighth Congress (First Session) Public bills and resolutions which may directly or indirectly affect the fisheries and allied industries are reported upon. Intro- duction, referal to committees, pertinent leg- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 91 islative actions by the House and Senate, as well as signature into law or other final dis- position are covered. ANTIDUMPING ACT AMENDMENT: S. 2241 (Allott & Dominick) introduced in Senate Oct. 16, 1963, to a- mend section 201 of the Antidumping Act, 1921, with respect to the determination of injury or threatened injury to an industry in the United States; referred to Committee on Finance. Similar to other bills previous - ly introduced in Senate, Would require that imports of the same item from several different foreign countries be aggregated in measuring the injury to domestic in- dustry and that under this bill an injury to domestic industry is conclusively presumed where dumping is found to exist and where imports have accounted for more than 10 percent, but less than 90 percent, of our total consumption of the article in the preceding 12 months. CLAM PLANTERS DISASTER LOANS: H.R. 8726 (Lennon) introduced in House October 7, 1963, to ex- tend to clam planters the benefits of the provisions of the present law which provide for production disaster loans for farmers, stockmen, and oyster planters; re- ferred to the Committee on Agriculture. Similar or identical to another bill previously introduced in the House. COLLISION AT SEA, REGULATIONS FOR PRE- VENTION: The President, on Sept. 24, 1963, signed into law (P. L. 88-131) the bill H. R, 6012, to authorize the President to proclaim regulations for preventing collision at sea. Would authorize the President, on behalf of the United States, to proclaim the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea, 1960, on or after a date fixed by the Intergovernmental Mari- time Consultative Organization for application of such regulations by Governments which have agreed to ac- cept them. Such regulations shall thereafter have ef- fect as if enacted by statute, and be followed by all public and private vessels of the United States and by all aircraft of United States registry. However, they shall not apply to inland waters or any territorial wa- ters of the United States. Would repeal the existing international rules for preventing collisions at sea, 1948. Regulations were formulated at the Fourth Inter- national Conference on Safety of Life at Sea, 1960 (an- nex E to the final act of the International Conference on Safety of Life at Sea). Parts of the rules of the In- ternational Regulations for preventing collisions atsea were rewritten. Those applying directly to fishing vessels are covered under Rules 9 and 13. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES FUND: H.R. 8537 (Glenn) introduced in the House Sept. 24, 1963, to pro- mote State commercial fishery research and develop- ment projects, and for other purposes; referred to Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Simi- lar or identical to other bills previously introduced in the House. CONSERVATION OF MARINE FISHERIES RE- SOURCES: On Sept. 12, 1963, the Senate Committee on Commerce, in executive session, ordered favorably to the Senate with amendments S. 1988, to prohibit fishing in territorial waters of the United States and in certain other areas by persons other than nationals or inhabitants of the United States. The Senate on Oct. 1, 1963, passed with amendments S. 1988, to prohibit fishing in the territorial waters of 92 the United States and in certain other areas by persons other than nationals of the United States. Bill declares that it js unlawful for foreign vessels to engage in the fisheries within the territorial waters of the United States and its territories and possessions and the Com- monwealth of Puerto Rico or to engage in the taking of any fishery resource of the Continental Shelf which appertains to the United States, except as provided by an international agreement to which the United States is a party. Violators would be subject to a fine of not more than $10,000 or imprisonment of not more than1 year or both. Every vessel employed in any manner in connection with a violation of the Act shall be subject to forfeiture and all fish taken or retained or the mon- etary value thereof shall be forfeited. The responsibil- ity for enforcement is to be shared by the Coast Guard, the Department of the Interior, the Bureau of Customs, and such State and territorial officers as the Secretary of the Interior may designate. Federal district courts are empowered to issue such warrants as may be re- quired for the enforcement of the Act. Persons author- ized to carry out enforcement activities are given the power to execute those warrants; to arrest, with or without a warrant, any person committing in their pres- ence a violation of the Act; and, if as a result of such search they have reason to believe that such vessel or any person on board is in violation of the Act, then to arrest such person; to seize any vessel which has been used or which reasonably appears to have been used contrary to the provisions of the Act; and to seize, whenever and wherever lawfully found all fish taken or retained in violation of the Act. Provides for the sei- zure and disposal of fish taken in violation of the Act, and establishes procedures for setting of a bond by alleged violators. The Secretary of the Treasury would be authorized to issue such regulations as he de- termines necessary to carry out the provisions of the Act. Senator Gruening (Alaska) on October 2, 1963, pre- sented a statement to the Senate in support of his bill S. 1816, to conserve the offshore fishery resources of the United States and its territories, and for other pur- poses. Included in his statement were letters from the Governor of Alaska to the President of the United States and the Secretary of State protesting the Russian invasion of the waters off Kodiak Island. (Congres- sional Record, October 2, 1963,-pages 17600- a) Representative Rivers (Alaska) presented a state- ment to the House Oct. 15, 1963, concerning the ex- ploitation of fishing grounds adjacent to the United States by fishing fleets of foreign nations. He urged the House to help resolve this problem by the passage of important and pertinent legislation before the House (either the Senate-passed S. 1988 or H.R. 7954). Rep- resentative Rivers also included in his statement a letter he wrote to the President of the United States. (Congressional Record, Oct. 15, 1963, page A6430.) EXEMPT TRANSPORTATION OF AGRICULTURAL AND FISHER D : e Surface Transporta- tion Subcommittee of the Senate Committee on Com- merce Sept. 30, 1963, resumed hearings on S. 1061, to exempt certain carriers from minimum rate reg- ulation in the transportation of bulk commodities, agri- cultural and fishery products, and passengers, and for other purposes. The Subcommittee on Oct. 7, 1963, recessed the hearings subject to call. See Transportation Bill for hearings held on H.R. 4700. rane COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 11 FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND RODEN- TICIDE ACT: Labeling and Registration of Economic Poisons (Hearing before a Subcommittee of the Com-= mittee on Agriculture and Forestry, United States Sen- ate, 88th Congress, 1st Session), 40 pp., printed. Con- tains hearing held Sept. 10, 1963, on S. 1605, to amend the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, as amended, to provide for labeling of economic poisons with registration numbers, to eliminate registration under protest, and for other purposes; conténts of the bill; reports from various Federal agencies; statements of Federal and industry personnel; and statements filed by members of the Senate. The Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry, in executive session, Oct. 16, 1963, ordered favorably reported with amendments S. 1605. FISHERY MARKETING ACT AMENDMENT: Fish- ermen's Marketing Act (Hearings before the Merchant Marine and Fisheries Subcommittee of the Committee on Commerce, United States Senate, 88th Congress, 1st Session), 215 pp., printed. Contains hearings held May 8 and June 27, 1963, in Washington, D.C.; May 24, 1963, in San Pedro, California; and May 25, 1963, in San Diego, California, on S$. 1135, to make clear that fishermen's organizations, regardless of their technical legal status, have a voice in the ex-vessel sale of fish and other a- quatic products on which the livelihood of their mem- bers depends; reports of various Federal agencies; testimony given by various fishermen organizations, unions, institutes, and Federal agencies; and letters and correspondence submitted to the Committee. FISHING INDUSTRY PROBLEMS: On Sept. 11, 1963, Senator Bartlett spoke in the Senate calling attention to problems of the United States fishing industry and some of the pending legislation (S. 1988, S. 1006, and S. 627) designed to assist the industry (Congressional Record, page 15899). A newspaper article discussing the need for such legislation was also inserted in the Congres- sional Record by the Senator. The need of the United States fishing industry for assistance was also discussed on Sept. 11, 1963, under an extension of remarks by Congressman Keith (Con- ressional Record Appendix, pages A5743-5744) and Cee Rogers (Congressional Record Appendix, page A5765). An address by Senator Muskie on United States fish- ing industry problems and some of the pending legisla- tion (S. 1988, S. 1816, S. 627, S. 1006, and H. R. 6997) designed to aid the industry, which was given before the sixth annual New England fish and seafood parade dinner held in Boston, Mass., was inserted in the Sept. 26, 1963, Congressional Record (page 17259) by Senator Kennedy. FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE: Congressman Keith, on Sept. 17, 1963, addressed the House on the effects of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ruling on Fish Protein Concentrate (Congressional Record, pages 16396-16397). He also had inserted in the Con- ressional Record a newspaper article on the same subject titled "FDA Bottleneck,'' which was published in the New Bedford (Mass.) Standard-Times, on Sept. 10, 1963. IMPORTATION OF FOODSTUFFS: Senator Curtis, on Sept. 9, , Spoke in the Senate calling attention to the increased importation of foodstuffs by the United November 1963 States. In his remarks he included a tabulation of im- ports of foodstuffs for 1962, which included fishery products (Congressional Record, pages 15643-15644). INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE NORTH- WEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES: es. 207 (Pell) in- troduced in the Senate Oct. I, 1963, to urge the Presi- dent to secure fuller enforcement of provisions of the International Convention for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries; referred to Committee on Foreign Relations. Senator Pell (Rhode Island) stated, upon introduction of the resolution, that the objectives ''. . . could be a- chieved by the adoption of a multilateral enforcement policy within the Northwest Convention, setting forth the provision that the enforcement arm of any signa- tory nation can board and inspect any fishing vessel within the prescribed waters. This could then serve as a guideline policy for other fishing conventions to which the United States are signatory.'' The Senator also stated that the Department of State should be urged "|, , to make every effort to secure one more coun- try's ratification of the Geneva Convention of 1958 on the Continental Shelf. This convention would give the coastal State sovereign rights for the purpose of ex- ploring and exploiting the natural resources of the Con- tinental Shelf. Then, too, the shelf is defined in sucha manner that little doubt would exist as to the rights granted therein to any coastal State. One more ratify- ing country would put this convention into effect, and thus could resolve our problems with respect to ocean resources in that area." INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES ORGANIZATIONS: H. Doc. 131, United States Contributions to Internation- al Organizations (Letter from Acting Secretary of State transmitting the 11th report on the extent and disposi- tion of United States contributions to international or- ganizations for the fiscal year 1962, pursuant to Section 2 of Public Law 806, 81st Congress), 127 pp., illus., printed. It is the annual report presented to Congress on the United States contributions to International: Or- ganizations by the Secretary of State. Included are re- ports on the following international fisheries organiza- tions: North Pacific Fur Seal Commission, In- ter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, Inter- national North Pacific Fisheries Commission, and the International Commission for Northwest Atlantic Fisheries. It also contains charts show- ing the estimated contributions from 1946 to 1963: INTERNATIONAL NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES PR : Oct. 11, 1963, Senator Gruening (Alaska) presented a statement to the Senate concerning the threat to our greatest national fish resource, the Pa- cific salmon by a new predator in the form of foreign fishing, namely Japan and the Soviet Union. Senator Gruening also included an article from the Seattle Post- Intelligencer titled International Fisheries: The _ roblems Are Complex." (Congressional Record, Oct. 11, 1963, pages 18379-18380. JAPANESE FISHERY EXPORTS TO THE UNITED STATES: Pointing out the importance of the United States market to the Japanese fishing industry, Senator Bartlett, on Sept. 6, 1963, inserted in the Congression- al Record (pages 15576-15577) a table showing the quantity and value of Japanese exports of fishery prod- ucts to the United States in 1962. The table also com- pared the 1963 United States tariff rate on fishery products from Japan with that in effect July 1, 1934. Senator Bartlett states, in part, "It should be pointed out that this enormous value of fishery exports to the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 93 United States came about in some degree because of the fact the duties imposed have been substantially reduced during recent years... ." MEDICAL CARE FOR VESSEL OWNERS: The Sub- committee on Public Health and Safety of the House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce held a hearing Oct. 14, 1963, on medical care for fishing boat owners. Testimony was given by members of Congress, officials of various Federal agencies and public wit- nesses. METRIC SYSTEM STUDY: On Oct. 10, 1963, Sena- tor Pell (Rhode Island) announced to the Senate the re- lease by the White House of the first report of the Con- sumer Advisory Council which recommends, with other proposals, that a study be made by an appropriate exec- utive department or agency of the desirability and prac- ticability of conversion--by the United States--to the metric system. He noted that the Committee for the Study of the Metric System of the American Geophysical Union has done notable work in this field and included in the Congressional Record (pages 18207-18211) the progress report of the Committee and anaddress by the Committee's Chairman, titled ''Why Adopt the Metric System?'' Senator Pell stating that since the introduc- tion of his bill S. 1278, to provide that the National Bu- reau of Standards shall conduct a program of investi- gations, research, and survey to determine the prac- ticability of the adoption by the United States of the metric system of weights and measures, he has re- ceived support from various groups and individuals in- cluding several Federal agencies. NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES CONVENTION: Con- cerning the meeting in Tokyo, Japan, on Sept. 16, 1963, of the Parties to the International Convention for the High Seas Fisheries of the North Pacific Ocean, Sena- tor Bartlett addressed the Senate on Sept. 12, 1963, on the principle of abstention (Congressional Record, pages 15979-15980). A newspaper article on the sub- ject was also inserted in the Congressional Record by the Senator. On Sept. 13, 1963, Senator Mansfield, on behalf of Senator Gruening, inserted in the Congressional Rec- ord (page 16064) a resolution of the Ketchikan, Alaska, Chamber of Commerce, urging the Parties to the In- ternational Convention for the High Seas Fisheries of the North Pacific Ocean to renew the abstention prin- ciple at their meeting in Tokyo, Japan, on Sept. 16, 1963. Congressman Pelly, on October 7, 1963, inserted in the Congressional Record Appendix (pages A6268- 6269) a newspaper article discussing the principle of abstention. OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PROGRAM: Con- gressman Hanna, on Sept. 9, 1963, under extended re- marks in the Congressional Record Appendix (pages A5678-5679), discusse nited States and Soviet efforts in the field of oceanography. Congressman Hanna, on Sept. 17, 1963, under ex- tended remarks in the Congressional Record Appendix (pages A5874-5875) discussed United States efforts and needs in the field of oceanography. Congressman Hanna on October 8, 1963, inserted in the Congressional Record Appendix (page A6314) a letter from the Director of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey outlining the work the Agency is doing in the field of oceanography. 94 Congressman Hanna (California) on Oct. 10, 1963, extended his remarks on the problems and programs of oceanography in the United States. He stated that since there were 15 separate agencies of the Government involved in the important work of this field, that the establishment of a joint committee in Congress which can act as the coordinating forum for the future ocean- ographic programs should be considered. He also in- sertedanarticle ''Nation Launches 10- Year, $2.3 Billion Scientific Study Into Ocean's Secrets,'' which appeared in a recent issue of Washington World. (Congressional Record, Oct. 11, 1963, pages A6387-A6388. RUSSIAN FISHING VESSELS OFF UNITED STATES COASTS: On September 5, 1963, Congressman Rogers addressed the House for one minute on the subject of Russian trawlers off United States coasts (Congres- sional Record, page 15513). Senator Bartlett, on Sept. 9, 1963, addressed the Senate on the subject of Soviet fishing vessels off Unit- ed States coasts (Congressional Record, pages 15683- 15687). The Senator inserted in the Congressional Re- cord (1) a U.S. Coast Guard report on the activities of Soviet vessels off Alaska on Aug. 28 and Sept. 8, 1963, and (2) a report from the U.S. Library of Congress on Soviet provisions for enforcing fishing regulations with- in their territorial waters. Congressman Rogers, on Sept. 10, 1963, addressed the House for one minute on the subject of Russian trawlers off United States coasts (Congressional Rec- ord, pages 15832-15833). Congressman Gibbons, on Sept. 12, 1963, addressed the House for one minute, pointing out steps taken by the United States Department of the Navy to keep more Soviet trawlers under closer surveillance when they are operating close to the United States coasts (Con- gressional Record, page 16035). Senator Bartlett spoke from the floor of the Senate on Sept. 13, 1963, calling attention to the activities of Russian fishing vessels off Kodiak, Alaska, in an area where United States fishermen were conducting crab- fishing operations (Congressional Record, pages 16069- 16070). Senator McIntyre (New Hampshire) on Oct. 10, 1963, presented a statement to the Senate stating "' . the farflung operations of Soviet fisheries reveal the vigor of their efforts to turn the riches of the seas to good account. Hopefully the increasing interest in new ship construction, commercial fisheries development, and oceanography in the United States will revive our own lagging interest in this vital resource. He also in- serted in the Congressional Record (pages 18205- 18206) an article “Soviet Fishing Watched," which ap- peared ina recent issue of the Christian Science Mon- itor. ne: SHELLFISH INDUSTRY, PROBLEMS: The Subcom- mittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation of the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries held hearings Oct. 3 and 4, 1963, to consider problems of the shellfish industry. Testimony was heard from public witnesses. Congressman Dingell, on October 7, 1963, inserted in the Congressional Record Appendix (pages A6276- 6277) testimony presented to the Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation of the House Com- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 11 mittee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries by a repre- sentative of a seafood firm in Seattle, Wash. TRADE EXPANSION ACT AMENDMENT: H.R. 8490 (Monagan) introduced in House Sept. 18, 1963, to amend the Trade Expansion Act, 1962. Would amend the "ad- justment assistance" provisions of section 301 of the act so as to permit action by the Tariff Commission where imports have been a substantial cause of injury; referred to the Committee on Ways and Means. In presenting the bill, Congressman Monagan stated, in part, "According to a recent report, the (Tariff) Com- mission has completed 11 investigations under section 301. In all cases, the Commission unanimously found no basis for qualifying the petitioner for assistance under the act. The principal reason for this Commis - sion finding has been the requirement of the law that the Commission determine that increased imports shall be a major cause of injury.to the petitioner... . Ac- cordingly, I have prepared and filed a bill to amend section 301 of the Trade Expansion Act to substitute for major cause the phrase substantial factor in causing. This will permit action by the Commission in its dis- cretion where imports have been a substantial cause of injury, but will not make it mandatory that the Commis- sion find such injury only when at least 51 percent of the cause shall have been the imports. ' —_ ressional Record, Sept. 18, 1963, pages 16431-1643 TRANSPORTATION ACT OF 1963: The Surface Transportation Subcommittee of the Senate Committee on Commerce Sept. 30, 1963, resumed hearings on S. 1062, to provide for strengthening and improving the national transportation system and for other purposes. The hearings were recessed, subject to call, on Oct. 7, 1963. See Transportation Bills for hearings held on H. R. 4701. Fy TRANSPORTATION BILLS: Transportation Act 1963, Part I and Il (Hearings before the Committee on Interstate tate and Foreign Commerce, House of Represent- atives, 88th Congress, 1st Session), 584 and 583 pages respectively, illus., printed. Part I contains hearings held on Apr. 30, May 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 1963, on H. R. 4700, to exempt certain carriers from minimum rate regulation in the transportation of bulk commodities, agricultural and fishery products, and passengers, and for other purposes; and H.R. 4701, to provide for - strengthening and improving the national transportation system and for other purposes; reports by various Fed- eral agencies on the bills and testimony given by in- dustry people. Part II contains the hearings held on May 10, 17, June 4, 5, 6, 7, 1963, on H.R. 4700 and H.R. 4701; the President's message to Congress dated Mar. 5, 19 1963, and statements of personnel of various Federal agencies and industry people. UNITED STATES TERRITORIAL LIMITS: The Sen- ate on Sept. 30, 1963, was presented with a resolution from the Senate of the State of Massachusetts entitled "Resolution Urging the Congress of the United States to Take Appropriate Action to Extend the Present Terri- torial Limits,'' referred to the Senate Committee on Commerce. The resolution urges the Congress to ex- tend the territorial limits in regard to fishing rights from the present 3-mile limit to one of 200 miles. VESSEL CONSTRUCTION SUBSIDY AMENDMENTS: The Senate, October A passed with amendments, November 1963 S. 1006, to amend the Act of June 12, 1960, for the cor- rection of inequities in the construction of fishing ves- sels, and for other purposes. Provides for a $10 mil- lion annual appropriation and the Program is limited to a five-year period. Provides a subsidy up to 55 per- cent of the cost of construction of a fishing vessel ina domestic shipyard, and deletes Section 4 from the re- cently expired Program which limited construction of such vessels to fisheries injured by foreign imports. WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION: The Special Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution of the Senate Committee on Public Works on Sept. 25, 1963, in executive session, approved for full committee consideration with amendments S. 649. The Senate Committee on Public Works, on October 4, 1963, reported favorably, with amendments, S. 649, to amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended, to establish the Federal Water Pollution Con- trol Administration, to increase grants for construc- tion of municipal sewage treatment works, to provide financial assistance to municipalities and others for the separation of combined sewers, to authorize the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 95 issuance of regulations to aid in preventing, controll- ing, and abating pollution of interstate or navigable waters, and for other purposes. S. Rept. 556, Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of! of 1963 (October 4, 1963, report from the Committee on Public Works, United States Senate, 88th Congress, 1st Session), 35 pp., printed. The Commit- tee recommended passage (with amendments) of S. 649. Contains the purpose of the bill, general statement, and the major provisions of the bill. Senator Muskie spoke from the floor of the Senate on October 7, 1963, calling attention to the purpose of the bill (Congressional Record, pages 17818-17819). Senator Mansfield, during an address to the Senate on October 7, 1963, concerning the problem of water pollution, referred to the provisions of S. 649 (Con- gressional Record, pages 17807-17809). The Senate on Oct. 16, 1963, passed with amend- ments S. 649. A Ciimmot, TUNA Casserole WA iS ay shrimp ao salad ~ crcundnt Pine | Groundfis WIth. Fillets ULM 3 ¥; \\ } Bi \ By | + 96 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 11 Sa ee pei Up eae Le he zx? yy Way Y FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE PUBLICATIONS THESE PROCESSED PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE FREE FROM THE OFFICE OF INFORMATION, U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, WASHING- TON, O. C. 20240. TY PES OF PUBLICATIONS ARE DESIGNATED AS FOL- Lows: CFS - CURRENT FISHERY STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES. FL - FISHERY LEAFLETS. MNL - REPRINTS OF REPORTS ON FOREIGN FISHERIES. SEP.- SEPARATES (REPRINTS) FROM COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW. SL - STATISTICAL LISTS OF DEALERS IN AND PRODUCERS OF FISH- ERY PRODUCTS AND BYPRODUCTS. SSR.- FISH. - SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORTS--FISHERIES (LIMITED DISTRIBUTION). Number Title CFS-3229 - Massachusetts Landings, by Gear and Subarea, 1962 Annual Summary, 14 pp. CFS-3244 - Maryland Landings, 1962 Annual Summary, 9 pp. CFS-3261 - Shrimp Landings, January 1963, 7 pp. CFS-3262 - Shrimp Landings, February 1963, 7 pp. CFS-3263 - Shrimp Landings, March 1963, 7 pp. CFS-3267 - Maine Landings, June 1963, 4 pp. CFS-3268 - Ohio Landings, May 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3269 - North Carolina Landings, June 1963, 4 pp. CFS-3270 - South Carolina Landings, June 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3271 - Georgia Landings, June 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3272 - Alabama Landings, April 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3273 - Alabama Landings, May 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3275 - Michigan Landings, May 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3276 - New York Landings, June 1963, 4 pp. CFS-3277 - Wisconsin Landings, June 1963, 2 pp. CFS-3278 - Louisiana Landings, June 1963, 2 pp. CFS-3282 - Mississippi Landings, June 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3296 - Florida Landings, July 1963, 8 pp. SL-19 - Wholesale Dealers in Fishery Products, Lou- isiana (Coastal Area), 1962, 6 pp. (Revised). Sep. No. 689 - Net-Weight Determination for Frozen Glazed Fish. Sep. No. 690 - MIT-UNICEF Studies on the Production of Fish Protein Concentrate for Human Consumption. Sep. No. 691 - Can-Draining Device to Aid Sample In- spection. FL-436 - Commercial Possibilities and Limitations in Frog Raising, 5 pp., illus., January 1963 (Re- vised). Discusses areas suitable for frog farming, artificial feeding, edible frog species, spawning, Ze FISHERY PUBLICATIONS 2A ce Ca Rhee BOSS IW. a? we 0 peomme: Sek kas DSL growth, diseases, protective regulations, methods of capture, and shipping frogs alive. SSR-Fish. No. 406 - Oceanographic Observations, 1960, East Coast of the United States, by C. Godfrey Day, 64 pp., illus., 1963. SSR-Fish. No. 424 - Photographic Census of the Steller Sea Lion Herds in Alaska, 1956-58, by Ole. A. Mathison and Ron J. Lopp, 24 pp., illus., 1963. SSR-Fish. No. 452 - A Towed Pump and Shipboard Fil- tering System for Sampling Small Zooplankters, by Charles P. O'Connell and Roderick J. H. Leong, 22 pp., illus., May 1963. Organizing and Operating Fishery Cooperatives in the United States, by Leslie D. McMullin, Circular 155, 62 pp., June 1963. Guide or handbook for organizing and operating cooperative organizations of fishermen under the provision of Public Law 464, 73d Congress, Authorizing Associations of Producers of Aquatic Products (48 Stat., sec. 1213; 15U.S.C. secs. 521- 522). Presents the aims and principles of fishery cooperatives and outlines procedures for organizing and operating them. Explains the Fishery Coopera- tive Marketing Act, gives a resume of the legal re- quirements for organizing cooperatives under the various State laws, procedures for incorporation, tax liability, and other important considerations, such as responsibilities of officers and members. Explains how the expenses of the fisherman can be cut by cooperative buying of supplies in discount quantities, by cooperative operation of facilities for quality control, transportation services, processing, freezing, icing, and packing. Cooperative procure- ment of fishing vessel equipment and fishing gearis discussed. Explained in detail are cooperative mar- keting methods and cooperative action in collective bargaining for the sale of the products to fish pro- cessors. Producers' Margins for Food Fish and Shellfish, by David K. Sabock, Circular 156, 35 pp., illus., Nov- ember 1962. Changes in the supply and demand for particular fresh, canned, frozen, and other types of fish or shellfish products, or changes in processing or marketing costs, affect the producers! share of the consumer's dollar. This report is illustrative of the relative size of the producers! share (that is, producers! margin) for particular fishery products (and also the complementary marketing margins) over a period of years and in a wide variety of cir- November 1963 cumstances. It describes the major influences on producers! margins and changes in those margins caused by product differences and the element of time. Progress in 1961-62, Circular 163, 36 pp., illus., Feb- ruary 1963. This report summarizes scientific ac- complishments for the years 1961-62 and future projects of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries Biological Laboratory at Honolulu. Gives cryptic descriptions of the Laboratory's research in the general fields of oceanography, tuna subpop- ulations, skipjack ecology, fishery potentials, ex- perimental gill-net fishing for skipjack, albacore ecology, and tuna behavior. "Quality Changes in Whiting Stored in Ice as Indicated by Organoleptic and Objective Tests,'' by Joseph M. Mendelsohn and John A. Peters, 6 pp., illus. (Re- printed from Fishery Industrial Research, vol. 2, no. 1, 1963, pp. 1-6. Skipjack--A World Resource, Circular 165, 30 pp., illus., printed. Contains information available on skipjack that may be useful in planning future fish- ing ventures. Reports on skipjack with reference to distribution, behavior, stock composition, and sea and weather conditions in relation to fisheries dis- tribution. THE FOLLOWING MARKET NEWS LEAFLETS ARE AVAILABLE FROM THE FISHERY MARKET NEWS SERVICE, U. S. BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHER- IES, WYATT BLDG., SUITE 611, 777 14TH ST. NW., WASHINGTON, D. C. 20005. Number Title MNL-9 - Fishery Developments in the Philippines, 1962, 6 pp. MNL-44 - Icelandic Fisheries, 1962, 20 pp. MNL-83 - Preliminary Report on Japan's Landings of Fish and Aquatic Products, 1961-1962, 11 pp. THE FOLLOWING ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE ARTICLES ARE AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE ICHTHYOLOGICAL LABORATORY, BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, FISH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, WASHINGTON, D. C. 20560. Deepsea Fishes of the Far-Eastern Seas; The Deep- water Fishes of the Kurile Kamchatka Trench; Fishes from the Greatest Depths, by T.S. Rass, 9 pp., processed. (Translated from the Russian, Priroda, no. 2, 1953, pp. 107-110; Trudy Zoolog- icheskogo Instituta Akademiia Nauk SSSR, vol. 6, 1956, p. 2; Priroda, no. 7, 1958, pp. 107-108.) A Fish New to the Fauna of the USSR--Erilepis (ERI- LEPIS ZONIFER--Lock.--Pisces, Anoplopomidae) from the Kamchatkan Waters of the Pacific Ocean, by A. P. Andriashev, 9 pp., processed. (Translated from the Russian, Voprosy Ikhtiologii, no. 4, 1955, pp. 3-9.) THE FOLLOWING ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF A FOREIGN LANGUAGE ARTICLE 1S AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY, BU- REAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, U. S. FHSH AND WILOLIFE SERVICE 2725 MONTLAKE BLVD. E., SEATTLE, WASH. 98102. 20 Years of Seasonal Fishing Restrictions on Plaice in the Ostsee, by R. Kandler, Translation Series No. 33, 8 pp., processed, October 15, 1961. (Trans- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 97 lated from the German, Fischereiwelt, vol. 4, no. 3, March 1952, pp. 33-35.) SPECIFIC OFFICE MENTIONED. (Baltimore) Monthly Summary--Fishery Products, April and May 1963, 8 pp. each. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 103 S. Gay St., Bal- timore, Md. 21202.) Receipts of fresh- and salt- water fish and shellfish at Baltimore by species and by states and provinces; total receipts by species and comparisons with previous periods; and whole- sale prices for fresh fishery products on the Balti- more market; for the months indicated. California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, Part Il - Fishing Information, August 1963, 10 pp., illus. (U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Bio- logical Laboratory, P.O. Box 6121, Pt. Loma Sta- tion, San Diego 6, Calif.) Contains sea-surface tem- peratures, fishing and research information of in- terest to the West Coast tuna-fishing industry and marine scientists; for the month indicated. (Chicago) Monthly Summary of Chicago's Wholesale Market Fresh and Frozen Fishery Products Re- ceipts, Prices, and Trends, July and August 1963, 13 pp. each. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Customs House, 610 S. Canal St., Rm. 1014, Chicago, Ill. 60607.) Receipts at Chi- cago by species and by states and provinces for fresh- and salt-water fish and shellfish; and weekly wholesale prices for fresh and frozen fishery prod- ucts; for the months indicated. Development of Modern Fisheries: Experiences in the United States, by Lionel Walford, 14 pp., processed. (Sandy Hook Marine Laboratory, U.S. Fish and Wild- life Service, P.O. Box 428, Highlands, N. J.) Asur- vey of the United States fishing industry. Discusses, among other subjects, applicability of United States fisheries to newly developing areas; industries on which important fisheries are based; necessity of fishery science; impact of other industries on fish- ery resources; public fishing for recreation and food; knowledge, the key factor in stimulating the de- velopment of fisheries; the menhaden fishery; the Pacific sardine; and miscellaneous shore fishes. Gulf Fisheries (Selected Areas) - 1962, by E. J. Barry, 41 pp., illus., processed, 1963. (Market News Serv- ice, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 600 South St., New Orleans, La. 70130.) Summarizes the commer- cial landings of fish and shellfish for selected areas of the Gulf States of Florida (West Coast), Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. The tables show landings for only the specific areas designated and cannot be interpreted as representing the total land- ings for a given State. Part I reports on trends and conditions in Gulf Coast fisheries during 1962 and gives a resume of the individual fisheries. For the shrimp fishery, a detailed account is presented of total landings by states, extent of coverage of land- ings, composition of shrimp landings by species and sizes, prices, canning, processed frozen shrimp, imports and exports, cold-storage stocks, and gen- eral trends and developments. Discusses production and market conditions for the oyster, blue crab, and finfish fisheries, as well as imports of fresh and frozen fish and shellfish. Part I includes statistical tables showing total fishery products landings; crab 98 méat production by areas and months; fishery im- ports through the New Orleans and Morgan City, La., Customs Districts, Port Isabel and Browns- ville, Tex, and Mobile, Ala.; and LCL express ship- ments from New Orleans for 1962 by months and destination. Also includes tables showing monthly range of wholesale prices of fishery products on the New Orleans French Market; Gulf States weekly oyster and shrimp packs, 1961/62 season and packs by season 1957-62; and fishery products market classifications in the Gulf area. Gulf of Mexico Monthly Landings, Production and Ship- ments of Fishery Products, July 1963, 8 pp. (Mar- ket News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Rm. 609, 600 South St., New Orleans, La. 70130.) Gulf States shrimp, oyster, finfish, and blue crab landings; crab meat production; LCL express ship- ments from New Orleans; wholesale prices of fish and shellfish on the New Orleans French Market; fishery imports at Port Isabel and Brownsville, Texas, from Mexico; Gulf menhaden landings and production of meal, solubles, and oil; and sponge sales; for the month indicated. Monthly Summary of Fishery Products Production in Selected Areas of Virginia, North Carolina, and Maryland, July and August 1963, 4 pp. each. (Mar- ket News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 18 S. King St., Hampton, Va. 23369.) Landings of food fish and shellfish and production of crab meat and shucked oysters for the Virginia areas of Hamp- ton Roads, Chincoteague, Lower Northern Neck, and Lower Eastern Shore; the Maryland areas of Cris- field, Cambridge, and Ocean City; and the North Carolina areas of Atlantic, Beaufort, and Morehead City; together with cumulative and comparative data on fishery products and shrimp production; for the months indicated. New England Fisheries--Monthly Summary, July 1963, 21 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wild- life Service, 10 Commonwealth Pier, Boston, Mass. 02210.) Review of the principal New England fishery ports. Presents data on fishery landings by ports and species; industrial-fish landings and ex-vessel prices; imports; cold-storage stocks of fishery products in New England warehouses; fishery land- ings and ex-vessel prices for ports in Massachu- setts (Boston, Gloucester, New Bedford, Province- town, and Woods Hole), Maine (Portland and Rock- land), Rhode Island (Point Judith), and Connecticut (Stonington); frozen fishery products prices to pri- mary wholesalers at Boston, Gloucester, and New Bedford; and Boston Fish Pier and Atlantic Avenue fishery landings and ex-vessel prices by species; for the month indicated. "The Preparation of Alkyl Esters from Highly Unsat- urated Triglycerides," by E. J. Gauglitz, Jr. and L.W. Lehman, 2 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from The Journal of the American Oil Chemists! Society, vol. XXXX, no. 5, May 1963, pp. 197-198.) (Technological Laboratory, U.S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle, Wash. 98102.) "Preparation of Highly Purified Fatty Acids Via Liq- uid-Liquid Partition Chromatography," by O.S. Privett and E. Christense Nickell, 5 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from The Journal of the Amer- ican Oil Chemists’ Society, vol. XXXX, no. 5, May 1963, pp. 189-193.) (Techiclogical Laboratory, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 11 U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, 2725 Mont- lake Blvd. East, Seattle, Wash. 98102.) Receipts of Fresh and Frozen Fishery Products at "Baltimore's Wholesale Fish Market, 1962, by James A. Coyne, 55 pp., illus., processed, 1963. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 103 S. Gay St., Baltimore, Md. 21202.) The first part of this report is a summary of receipts of'fresh and frozen fishery products on the Baltimore Wholesale Fish Market in 1962, giving comparisons with re- ceipts in 1961. Includes information on crab meat, hard crabs, oysters, soft crabs, striped bass, scup (porgy), shad, hake, butterfish, whiting, white perch, fluke, red hake, spot, and croakers. Also covers Baltimore foreign trade in fishery products and wholesale market classifications. The second part of the report covers statistics on receipts of fresh and frozen fishery products, such as species by states and countries; fish and shellfish totals by months; states and countries by species; domestic and imported totals by months; species by months; and states and countries by months. Also covers 1962 price ranges for fresh fish and shellfish, and conversion factors used to convert shellfish to pounds. (Seattle) Washington and Alaska Receipts and Landings of Fishery Products for Selected Areas and Fisher- ies, Monthly Summary, August 1963, 9 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 706 Federal Office Bldg., 909 First Ave., Seattle, Wash. 98104.) Includes Seattle's landings by the halibut and salmon fleets reported through the exchanges; landings of halibut reported by the International Pa- cific Halibut Commission; landings of otter-trawl vessels as reported by the Fishermen's Marketing Association of Washington; local landings by inde- pendent vessels; coastwise shipments from Alaska by scheduled and non-scheduled shipping lines and airways; imports from British Columbia via rail, motor truck, shipping lines, and ex-vessel landings, and imports from other countries through Washing- ton customs district; for the month indicated. GOV- This is a Pondfish Hatchery, Circular 40, 8 pp., illus., printed, 5 cents, revised, 1963. Tips on Cooking Fish and Shellfish, 10 pp., illus., printed, 10 cents, 1958. Contains 18 taste-tempting recipes for cooking fish and shellfish. Includes a purchasing guide describing various forms and cuts of fish; and gives a list of suggested foods that can be used for garnishing fish dishes. MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILD- MENTIONED. DATA ON PRICES, IF READILY AVAILABLE, ARE SHOWN. ABALONE: "Chemical Studies on the Meat of Abalone (Haliotis discus Hannai). I," by Eiichi Tanikawa and Jiro November 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 99 Yamashita, article, Bulletin of the Faculty of Fish- eries, Hokkaido University, vol. 12, November 1961, pp. 210- , printed. Faculty of Fisheries, Hok- kaido University, Kameda-Machi, Hakodate, Japan. ADDITIVES: Procedures for the Testing of Intentional Food Ad- ditives to Establish Their Safety for Use, Second Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, 22 pp., printed, 30 cents. Colum- bia University Press, International Documents Serv- ice, 2960 Broadway, New York 27, N. Y., 1958. ALASKA: 1961 Alaska Commercial Fisheries Catch and Prod- uction Statistics, by Philip E. Chitwood, Statistical Leaflet No. 3, 19 pp., processed. Alaska Depart- ment of Fish and Game, Subport Bldg., Juneau, A- laska. Presents statistical tables on licensed op- erating units, by region; catch summary; catch and value to fishermen, by region and by gear; salmon catch by gear and region, in numbers of fish; and salmon catch by district, in numbers of fish. Also contains tables on comparative catch of salmonand shellfish; average weights of salmon by region; transporting, wholesaling, and manufacturing; sum- mary of products as prepared for market; and prod- uction of canned products, in standard cases. Most data are for 1961. ALGAE: "Acid Functions of Several Algae Polysaccarides,"' by R. Springer and L. Middendorf (University of Munich, Munich, Germany), article; Chemical Ab- stracts, vol. 56, April 2, 1962, 7437g, printed. A- merican Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Wash- ington 6, D.C. "Extraction of Carrageenate from Algae," by Gerard Maton and Marcel Maton, article, Chemical Ab- stracts, vol. 57, July 9, 1962, 1340f, printed. A- merican Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Wash- ington 6, D.C. "Hypocholesterolemic Agents Derived from Sterols of Marine Algae," by E. Reiner, J. Topliff, and J. D. Wood, article, Canadian Journal of Biochemistr and Physiology, vol. 40, no. 10, October 1962, pp. T401- , illus., printed, single copy C$2. Divi- sion of Administration and Awards, National Re- search Council, Ottawa 2, Canada. ALGINATES: "Studies on Soluble Alginates. II--On the Metachro- masy of the Soluble Alginates--Lithium Alginate, Sodium Alginate, Potassium Alginate, and Ammo- nium Alginate," by Miki Oguro, article, Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, vol. 12, August (1961, pp. 138-150, printed. Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Kameda-Machi, Hakodate, Japan. ANGOLA: "Pesca em Angola" (Angola's Fisheries), by Jaime Henrique de sa Viana Couceiro, article, Boletim da Pesca, vol. XV, no. 79, June 1963, pp. 21-36, printed in Spanish. Boletim da Pesca, Gabinete de Estudos das Pescas, 644 R.S. Bento, Lisbon, Por- tugal. ANTIBIOTICS: "Antibiotic Activity of Lipids Isolated from Blue- Green Algae," by A. N. Shinkarenko, article, Chem- ical Abstracts, vol. 55, December 25, 1961, 2778a, printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, D.C. AQUATIC PLANTS: "Chemische Bekampfung von Uberwasserpflanzen (Gelege) mit 3 Ef und Omnidel Spezial in der Teich- wirtschaft"' (Chemical Control of Emergent Plants with the Herbicides 3 F and Omnidel Special in Pond Management), by M. Schluter, No. 220, 13 pp.,illus., printed in German. (Reprinted from Deutsche Fis- cherei-Zeitung, vol. 9, no. 11, 1962, pp. 328-3 Uberreicht vom Institut fur Fischereiwesen, der Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Josef-Nawrocki- Strasse 7, Berlin-Friedrichshagen, Germany. BACTERIOLOGY: "A Method for Rapid Detection of Alginic Acid-Di- gesting Bacteria,'' by Takashisa Kimura, article, Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido Uni- versity, vol. 12, May 1961, pp. 41-47, printed. Fac- ulty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Kameda- Machi, Hakodate, Japan. BELGIUM: Rapport Annuel sur 1'Evolution de la Flotte de Peche en 1962 (Annual Report of the Status of the Fishing Fleet in 1962), 43 pp., processed in French. Ad- ministration de la Marine et de la Navigation Interi- eure, Ministere des Communications et des Postes, Telegraphes et Telephones, Brussels, Belgium. BIOCHEMISTRY: "The Use of Formaldehyde-Treated Alginic Acid in the Chromatographic Determination of Organic Bases,'' by J.S. Foster and J. W. Murfin, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 55, October 16, 1961, 21479g, printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, D.C. BREAM: "Bream Tagging Experimentsin East Gippsland Dur- ing April and May 1944,"'by A. Dunbavin Butcher and John K. Ling, Fisheries Contribution No. 11, 9 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Vict. Nat., vol. 78, January 1962, pp. 256-264.) Victoria Fisheries and Wildlife Department, Melbourne, Australia, 1962. CALIFORNIA: California Fish and Game, vol. 49, no. 3, July 1963, 99 pp., illus., printed, single copy 75 cents. Depart- ment of Fish and Game, Printing Division, Docu- ments Section, Sacramento 14, Calif. Includes, a- mong others, articles on: "A Doratopsis Larva of the Squid Family Chiroteuthidae in Californian Wa- ters,’ by S. Stillman Berry; ''The Sea Turtle Fish- ery of Baja California, Mexico," by David K. Cald- well; ''Trawling in the Monterey Bay Area, with Special Reference to Catch Composition,'' by Richard F.G. Heimann; "Effect of Ocean Temperature onthe Seaward Movements of Striped Bass, Roccus saxa- tilis, on the Pacific Coast,' by John Radovich; “More Giant Squids from California, ' by Allyn G. Smith; "A Second Large Catch of Pacific Round Herring," by John G. Carlisle, Jr.; and "Greenland Halibut, Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Walbaum) Added to California Fauna,” by E. A. Best. 100 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 11 CANADA: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 20, no. 3, May 1963, 269 pp., illus., printed, single copy C$2. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. Includes, amongothers, these articles: ''Observations on the Oil and Com- ponent Fatty Acids of the Oil from Newfoundland Capelin,'' by R.G. Ackman and others; "'Effects of Artificial Propagation and the Weather on Recruit- ment in the Lake Ontario Whitefish Fishery,'' by W. J. Christie; "Interspecific Competition and Ex- ploitation,'’ by P. A. Larkin; ''Marine Fish Tissue Culture,'' by P. M. Townsley, H.G. Wight, andM. A. Scott; Effects of Temperature on Growth of Zoo- plankton, and the Adaptive Value of Vertical Migra- tion,"' by Ian A. McLaren; "Amino Acid Composition of Representatives of Eight Bacterial Genera with Reference to Aquatic Productivity,'' by James E. Stewart and others; ''The Spatial Distribution of Fish in Gill Nets," by A. J. Berst and A. M. McCom- bie; ''The In-Vitro Maturation of the Parasitic Nematode, Terranova decipiens, from Cod Muscle," by P. M. Townsley and others; ''Sympatric Occur- rence of Two Species of Humpback Whitefish in Aquanga Lake, Yukon Territory," by C.C. Lindsey; "Observations on Behavior of Juvenile Brown Trout in a Stream Aquarium during Winter and Spring," by G,. F. Hartman; ''The Uptake and Detoxification of C14-Labelled DDT in Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar,'' by F.H. Premdas and J. M. Anderson; “Ap- plication of the Paloheimo Linear Equation for Es- timating Mortalities to a Seasonal Fishery," by Barry S. Muir and Harold White; and "Migrations of Haddock between the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Offshore Nova Scotian Banks," by F. D. McCracken. CAVE FISH: "Comments on the Relationships of the North Ameri- can Cave Fishes of the Family Amblyopsidae,"' by Donn Eric Rosen, article, American Museum Novi- tates, no. 2109, October 29, 1962, pp. 1-35, ilfus., printed. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St., New York 24, N.Y. CEPHALOPODS: South African Cephalopods, by Gilbert L. Voss, Con- tribution No. 382, 29 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, vol. 36, part 4, November 1962, pp. 245- 272.) Marine Laboratory, University of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. CHEMICAL CHANGES: "Studies on the Browning of Fish Flesh, VII--Fluo- rescence and Flavor of Autoclaved Sugar--Amino Acid System,'' by Fumio Nagayama, article, Bul- letin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 28, January 1962, pp. 45-48, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. CLAMS: "Benthic Survey for Populations of Soft-Shelled Clams, Mya arenaria, in the Lower Potomac River, Maryland, by H.T. Pfitzenmeyer and K.G. Dro- beck, article, Chesapeake Science, vol. 4, no. 2, June 1963, pp. 67-74, illus., printed, single copy 75 cents. Natural Resources Institute, University of Maryland, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, Md. Exploratory sampling of the poten- tial soft-shelled clam bottoms in the Potomac estu- uary was conducted to define the range and densities of the subtidal populations of Mya arenaria. Bottom samples were taken at depths ranging from 3 to 11 feet with the Maryland hydraulic clam dredge using a 3-inch mesh conveyor belt. Clam populations ranged from the mouth of the river to Popes Creek, approximately 40 miles upriver. The denser popu- lations of over 300 bushels per acre were found be- tween Sandy Point and Swan Point, or 16 to 33 miles from the river mouth. Clam densities were extreme- ly variable in this area, and were related to changes in bottom type and the instability of shoal water bot- toms brought about by wind and wave action. COD: "Changes in Amount of Myosin Extractable from Cod Flesh during Storage at -14°,'' by J. J. Connell, Tor- ry Memoir No. 131, 11 pp., illus., printed. (Re- printed from Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 13, no. I1, November 1962, pp. 607- 617.) Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, Society of Chemical Industry, 14 Belgrave Sq., Lon- don SW1, England. "New Factors Involved in the Denaturization of Fro- zen Cod Muscle Protein,’ by R. Malcolm Love, ar- ticle, Journal of Food Science, no. 27, November- December 1962, pp. 544-550, printed. Institute of Food Technologists, 510-522 No. Hickory St., Cham- paign, Ill. COD-LIVER OIL: "The Influence of Various Materials on the Quality of Cod-Liver Oil. Il--Varnishes, III--Behavior of Some Commercial Light Metals," by H. J. Papenfuss (VEB, Fischkombinat, Rostock, Germany), article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 57, September 17, 1962, 7390d and 7390f, respectively, printed. The Ameri- can Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6s Duce COMMERCIAL FISHERIES: Industrial Fishery Technology (A Survey of Methods for Domestic Harvesting, Preservation, and Pro- cessing of Fish Used for Food and for Industrial Products), by Maurice E. Stansby, 403 pp., illus., printed, $12. Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 430 Park Ave., New York 22, N. Y., 1963. General in- formation and specific data about the United States fishing industry are to be found in this book. Writ- ten by a group of commercial fishery experts, the subject is divided into three major parts. Fish and fishery methods are discussed in Part I; important fisheries and their products are described in Part II; fishery industrial products are covered in Part III; preservation methods used for fishery products are reviewed in Part IV; and food science applica- tions make up Part V. Some brief consideration is given to world fisheries, but the chief emphasis is upon fisheries of the United States. In his preface, the author himself points out with complete candor that, ''As is inevitable with a book written by a large group of specialists, there is some duplication, and certain areas are not covered as thoroughly as are others of perhaps somewhat less importance." Nearly all the chapters have literature cited sec- tions, but the author also includes an extensive gen- eral bibliography under nine different headings; gen- eral and miscellaneous; composition and nutrition; November 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 101 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM, chemistry and microbiology; spoilage, preservation, quality, and specifications; harvesting of fish; han- dling fresh fish; freezing and cold storage; canning and curing; and industrial products and animal feeds. A good index is also included. Since this is really not a technical book, it should have wide appeal and would be a valuable addition to the library of any fisherman, processor, merchandiser, student, or researcher. --Joseph Pileggi CURED FISH: "The Influence of Drying, Salting and Smoking on the Nutritive Value of Fish," by C. L. Cutting, Torry Memoir No. 128, 19 pp., illus., printed in English with French and Spanish summaries. (Reprinted from Fish in Nutrition, 1962.) Torry Research Sta- tion, Aberdeen, Scotland. DENMARK: "Dansk fiskehelkonserves--En status pa grundlag af statistiske oplysninger'’(Danish Canned Fish; Pres- ent Status Based on Statistical Information), by Hakon Nielsen, article, Konserves & Dybfrost, vol. 21, no. 5, 1963, pp. 58-60, printed in Danish. Tek- nisk Forlag, Vester Farimagsgade 31, Copenhagen V, Denmark. ENZYMES: "Distribution of a Lipase Enzyme in Lingcod Fillets and the Effect of Low Temperature Storage on Its Activity," by J. D. Wood, article, Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 16, Oc- tober 1959, pp. 755-757, printed. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. EUROPEAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION: Second Annual Report of the European Free Trade Association, for the Period Ist July, 1961 - 30th June, 1962, 39 pp., illus., printed. Secretariat, European Free Trade Association, Geneva, Switzer- land, July 1962. (Available from European Free Trade Association, Information Office, 711 14th St. NW., Washington, D.C.) Included is a short section on the Association's action in expanding trade in the areas of agriculture, fish, and other marine products. Stockholm Convention Examined, 83 pp., printed. Sec- retariat, European Free Trade Association, Geneva, Switzerland, January 1963. (Available from Euro- pean Free Trade Association, Information Office, 711 14th St. NW., Washington, D.C.) Chapter 6, which covers agriculture and fish, discusses, a- mong other items, trade in fish and other marine products, and the general procedural provisions of the Convention as they apply to the agricultural and fisheries sectors as a whole. EXPORTS: United States Exports of Domestic and Foreign Mer- chandise (Commodity by Country of Destination), — 1962 Annual, Report No. FT 410, processed, Part I, 211 pp., $1.25; Part II, 353 pp., $2. Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, Wash- ington, D.C., May 1963. (For sale by the Superin- tendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.) Statistics in Part I cover United States exports of domestic and foreign merchandise (including fishery products and byprod- ucts) under group 00 through group 5. Part II covers merchandise under groups 6 through 9 (some items of interest to the fishery and allied industries are included). Data are shown by commodity and country of destination. United States Exports of Domestic and Foreign Mer- chandise (SITC Group by Country of Destination and Country of Destination by SITC Group), January- December 1962 (Monthly), FT 410 and FT 420 Sup- plement, 299 pp., processed, $1.75. Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., 1963. (For sale by the Superintendent of Doc- uments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washing- ton, D.C. 20402.) Presents monthly data of United States exports during 1962 in two sections: three- digit SITC commodity group by country of origin; and country of origin by three-digit SITC commodity group. Includes data on fresh and preserved fish. Also includes a reference listing showing the Sched- ule B numbers included within each three-digit SITC group. FISH BEHAVIOR: Using the Doppler Effect to Detect Movements of Cap- tive Fish in Behavior Studies, by William C. Cum-_ mings, Contribution No. 448, 3 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Transactions of the American Fish- eries Society, vol. 92, no. 2, April 1963, pp. I78- 190.) Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami 49, Fla. FISH COOKERY: "Instant Catfish Cleaning,'' by Don Shiner; "Outdoor Cooking with Foil," articles, Pennsylvania Angler, vol. 32, no. 8, August 1963, pp. 12 and 13 respective- ly, illus., printed, single copy 25 cents. Pennsylvania Fish Commission, South Office Bldg., Harrisburg, Pa. The first article illustrates with photos a simple method of preparing catfish for the pan. The sec- ond describes how to construct a cook pot with alu- minum foil and presents a recipe for cooking bass or catfish over an outdoor fire. FISH CULTURE: "Uberlegungen uber Neue Wege in der Fischzuchtung" (Considerations on New Ways in Fish Breeding), by Ulrich Lieder, No. 218, 6 pp., printed in German. (Reprinted from Deutsche Fischerei-Zeitung, vol. 10, no. 3, 1963, pp. 82-87.) Uberreicht vom Institut fur Fischereiwesen, der Humboldt-Universitat zu Ber- lin, Josef-Nawrocki-Strasse 7, Berlin-Friedrichs- hagen, Germany. FISH DETECTION: "Das Echographen-Forschungsprogramm des Instituts fur Fischereiwesen'' (The Echo-Sounder Research Program of the Institute of Fisheries), by Ulrich Lieder, no. 217, 3 pp., illus., printed in German. (Reprinted from Deutsche Fischerei-Zeitung, vol. 10, no. 4, 1963, pp. 120-122.) Uberreicht vom Institut fur Fischereiwesen, der Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Josef-Nawrocki-Strasse 7, Berlin-Friedrichs - hagen, Germany. FISHING TECHNIQUES: Fish Capture (Being the Buckland Lectures for 1959), by Ronnie Balls, 148 pp., illus., printed. Edward 102 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 11 OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. Arnold (Publishers) Ltd., 41 Maddox St., London W1, England, 1961. Discusses primitive and modern fishing methods, fish finders, behavior of fish, mechanization of gear, manpower, food chains, con- servation, and related subjects. The author points out that the logical approach to trawling is to put power first, and then to consider how to work the gear with as few men as possible. He cites Ameri- can shrimp trawlers as examples of an efficient ap- proach. In the shrimp fishery it is not uncommon for vessels of 65 feet, manned by only 2 or 3 men, to make very long voyages. These vessels are suf- ficiently powered to enable the taking of the shrimp by means of two 45-foot trawls, one towed from each side by outriggers, rather than confining the tow to a single trawl. FISH SKIN: "A New Fluorescent Hydrocarbon in the Skin of Fish," by Shuishi Hirao and Ryo Kikuchi, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 55, September 4, 1961, 17931g, printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, D.C. which now enable the Agency for International De- velopment (AID) to enlist American business collab- oration in our foreign aid program. Each chapter describes a separate program--who is eligible to participate, the terms and conditions, and how to apply to AID. It also includes a discussion of some of the programs administered by other Unitéd States and international financial institutions. FOREIGN TRADE: printed, 25 cents. U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., 1963. (For sale by the Superinten- dent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.) A basic reference for the businessman interested in opening profitable new overseas markets for his products. Discusses the many facilities and resources on which he can draw to enter international trade. Considers such aspects of the subject as pinpointing your markets, sizing up your chances, channels for trading, picking your overseas partners, handling the order, promoting ex- port sales, and other points of interest. FISH SOUNDS: FRANCE: Significance of Certain Fish Sounds, USSR, by V.R. La Peche Maritime et le Pecheur en Mer (The Marine Baatescr and Ye V. Romanenko, OTS 63-21396, 15 Fishery and the Fisherman at Sea), by Auguste pp., printed, 50 cents. Office of Technical Services, Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. 20230, March 1963. FOOD ADDITIVES: What Consumers Should Know About Food Additives, Food and Drug Administration Publication No. 10, 14 pp., illus., printed, 15 cents. Food and Drug Ad- ministration, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washington, D.C., 1962. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.) Included Dupouy, 228 pp., printed in French.. Librairie Ar- mand Colin, 103, Boulevard Saint-Michel, Paris, France, 1955. FREEZE-DRYING: , "Forecast on a Food-Processing Method--Freeze- Drying," by Kermit Bird, article, Agricultural Situa- tion, vol. 47, no. 7, July 1963, pp. 6, 9, printed, sin- gle copy 5 cents. Statistical Reporting Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.) are sections on the history of the use of chemical preservatives; the contributions of food chemistry "Preservation by Freeze-Drying and the Stability of to better living; public health safeguards; the latest Virulence of Salmonella typhimurium," by Ellen M. legislation to regulate the use of food additives; how Simon, K. L, Stahl, and J. B. Wilson, article, Applied the law works; and Food and Drug Administration Microbiology, vol. 11, no. 4, July 1963, pp. 371-376, testing of foods. Details are presented on the vari- illus., printed, single copy $3. The Williams & Wil- ous types of additives such as nutrient supplements, kins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore 2, Md. nonnutritive sweeteners, preservatives, emulsifiers, and others; special classes of additives such as FRESH-WATER BIOLOGY: pesticides and coal-tar colors; drugs and additives A Guide to the Study of Fresh-Water Biology, by James in livestock feeds; and requirements of label dec- G. Needham and Paul R. Needham, 117 pp., illus., laration when additives are used. printed, $2.25. Holden-Day, Inc., 728 Montgomery St., San Francisco 11, Calif. FOOD POISONING: Clinical- Epidemiological Characteristic of an Out- FROZEN FISH: break of Botulism, Connected with the Use of Canned "Cell Damage from Excess Cutting of Fish Adversely Flounder for Food, by V. M. Bauman, V.N. Yago- Affects Frozen Seafood Quality," by Frederick J. dinskii, and Yu. V. Filippovich, Trans. V-1795, 12 King, article, Quick Frozen Foods, vol. 25, Decem- pp., processed. (Translated from the Russian, ber 1962, pp. 115-116, printed. Quick Frozen Foods, Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii i Immunogio- E. W. Williams Publications, Inc., 82 Wall St., New Togii, vol. 33, no. 7, July 1962, pp. 33-9 5 ational York 5, N.Y. gricultural Library, U.S. Department of Agricul- "Identifying Quality Changes in Frozen Fish," by A. ture, Washington, D7 C- 20290: Banks, Torry Memoir No. 122, 10 pp., printed in FOREIGN INVESTMENT: ene aee with Er ench Sammie ya hee ee ae ‘ Aids to Business (Overseas Investment), 46 pp., San a a Bulletin SaaS SHS GREASE GES cS printed, 25 cents. Agency TorsinternationalsDevel- Froid, 1962.) Torry Research Station, erdeen, opment, U.S. Department of State, Washington, Scotland. D.C., 1963. (For sale by Superintendent of Docu- GEAR: ments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washing- Indian Fisheries Bulletin, vol. IX, no. 4, October 1962, ton, D.C. 20402.) Outlines the congressional tools 61 pp., illus., printed, single copy Re. 1.00 (about 21 November 1963 U.S. cents). Department of Food, Ministry of Food and Agriculture, New Delhi, India. Contains papers presented and recommendations made at the All India Conference of Craft and Gear Technologists, Veraval, Gujarat State, November 11-13, 1961. In- cludes papers on: ''The Design and Operation of Bottom Set Gill Nets for Lobster," by A. V. V. Satyanarayana and K. A. Sadanandan; ''The Designs of Otter Trawls for Shrimp," by A. V. V. Satyanara- yana and R.S. Nair; "Trawling Experiments in Pun- naikayal Madai, Gulf of Mannar," by S. Thyagarajan and S. Mahadevan; ''Certain Aspects about Improved Gear in Prawn Fishing," by G.K. Kuriyan, S. D. Deshpande, and N. A. George; and ''A Note on Rec- ord Catch ina 40 Ft. Trawl Net at Mangalore," by B. Santharam Rai. Also includes a section of papers on fishing craft and gear. GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC: "Biologisch-Statistische Untersuchungen uber die Deutsche Hochseefischerei. IV--Die Entwicklung der Hochseefischerei in Fangtechnischer, Raumlich- er und Biologischer Hinsicht. 6--Die Fernfischerei" (Biological-Statistical Research on German Deep Sea Fishing. IV--Development of Deep Sea Fishing with Regard to the Technique, the Area, and Biolog- ical Considerations of the Catch. 6--Distant-Water Fishing), by Johannes Lundbeck, article, Berichte der Deutschen Wissenschaftlichen Kommission fur Meeresforschung, New Series, vol. XVI, no. 6, 1962, pp. 251-338, illus., printed in German. Nagele u. Obermiller, E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuch- handlung, Stuttgart, Germany. Food Law; Food Code; Nutritional Counselling, Trans - Tation No. 1-1430 A, 8 pp., processed. (Translated from the German, Ernahrungswirtschaft, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 99-103.) Headquarters, Department of the Army, Office, Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelli- gence, Washington, D.C. 20310, June 13, 1962. "60 Jahre Deutsche Wissenschaftliche Kommission fur Meeresforschung" (60 Years Activity of the German Scientific Commission on Sea Research), article, Berichte der Deutschen Wissenschaftlichen Kommission fur Meeresforschung, New Series, vol. , no. 1, 1962, pp. 1-44, illus., printed inGer- man. Nagele u. Obermiller, E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, Germany. GLUCOSAMINE: "Glucosamine Obtained from Crustacean Shells, and its Biological and Therapeutic Importance," by Simion Oeriu and others (Inst. Rech. Alimentaries, Bucharest, Romania), article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 57, July 23, 1962, 2330f, printed. The Ameri- can Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washing- ton 6, D.C. "Obtaining Glucosamine from Crustaceans and its Importance in Therapeutics," by S. Oeriu, Maria Agnes Dimitriu, and I. Craescu (Rumanian Acade- my, Bucharest, Romania), article, Chemical Ab- stracts, vol. 57, October 29, 1962, 11309f, printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, D.C. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 103 May 27, 1963, effective June 1, 1963, establishing Greenland's outer territorial sea as the area within 3 nautical miles from a baseline drawn between the points listed in section 2), 9 pp., printed in Danish and Greenlandic. Ministry for Greenland, Copenha- gen, Denmark, 1963. Bekendtgorelse om Erhvervsmaessig Fangst, Fiskeri o8 Jagt i Gronland (Announcement No. , Ministry or Greenland, May 27, 1963, effective June 1, 1963, limiting fishing, hunting, and whaling in the waters within 12 nautical miles of the inner baseline), 6 pp., printed in Danish and Greenlandic. Ministry for Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1963. Bekendtgorelse om Udenlandske Fartojers Adgang til Fiskeri M. V. in Gronlandske Farvande (Announce- ment No. 193, Ministry for Greenland, May 27, 1963, effective June 1, 1963, permitting fishing vessels registered in Iceland, Norway, the United Kingdom, West Germany, France, Spain, and Portugal to fish up to 6 nautical miles from the inner baseline until May 31, 1973, and to fish with long lines and hand lines up to 3 nautical miles from the inner baseline until October 31, 1963), 2 pp., printed in Danish and Greenlandic. Ministry for Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1963. HAKE: "Estudio Quimico Comparativo de las Merluzas Afri- canas, Merluccius merluccius L., y Merluccius senegalensis Cadenat (Comparative Chemical Stud- ies 3 African Hakes, Merluccius merluccius L., and Merluccius senegalensis Cadenat), by F. Munoz, article, Investigacion Pesquera, vol. 19, 1961, pp. 37-53, illus., printed in Spanish with English sum- mary. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientifi- cas, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. HERRING: "Sildehalvkonserves. I--Ravarens Fremstilling og Moding" (Semi- Preserved Herring Products. I-- Manufacture and Ripening of the Raw Material), by E. Christiansen, article, Konserves og Dybfrost, vol. 20, no. 2, 1962, pp. 18-21; 2a . l--Fre- mstilling af Lage Eller Sauce" (ff--Manufacture of Brines for Retail Packaging), vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 31- aig ll--Syrebehandling af Sild og Frys- ning af Halvkonserves" (III--Acid Curing of Herring and Freezing of Retail Packaged Semi-Preservyes), vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 46-48, illus., printed in Danish. Det Tekniske Forlag, 29 Vester Farimagsgade, Co- penhagen-V, Denmark. ICE: "More Ice Would Mean Better Fish," by I. Tatterson and R. Spencer, Torry Memoir No. 129, 2 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Fish Friers' Review, Jan- uary 1963.) Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Humber Laboratory, Hull, England. ILLINOIS: "The Fishes of Champaign County, Illinois, as Affected by 60 Years of Stream Changes," by R. Weldon Lari- more and Philip W. Smith, article, Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin, vol. 28, Article 2, March 1963, pp. -382, illus., printed. Illinois Depart- GREENLAND: ment of Registration and Education, Natural History Anordning af 27. Maj 1963 om Afgraensningen af Survey Division, Urbana, IIl. Soterritoriet ved Gronland (Regulation No. 191, 104 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 11 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM, IMPORTS: United States Imports of Merchandise for Consump- tion (Commodity by Country of Origin), 1962 Annual, Report FT 110, 250 pp., processed, $1. Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, Wash- ington, D.C., May 1963. (For sale by the Superin- tendént of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.) The import sta- tistics include government as well as nongovern- mental shipments of merchandise (including fish, shellfish, and fishery byproducts) from foreign coun- tries. INDIA: Matsya Vyavasaya (Fish Trade), vol. III, no. 4-5, April-May 3, 63 pp., illus., printed. The Gujarat Fisheries Central Cooperative Association, Ltd., "Shivprasad'' 7, Hindu Colony, Opp. Sardar Patel Stadium, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 9, India. Includ- es, among others, articles on: 'Performance and * Promotion of Fish Export in Gujarat,'' by N.C. Lakumb; "Planning for Marketing of Prime Fish," by R.K. Mehra; ''Progress of the Gujarat Fisheries Central Co-Operative Association Ltd.;"' 'Bombay Duck Fishery of Jaffrabad,'' by C. R. Easwaran; and "Golden Eggs from Water: Fish Spawn Trade and Co-Operatives." INLAND FISHERIES: "Uber Spurenelemente in den Binnengewassern und ihre Bedeutung fur die Binnenfischerei"’ (On Trace Elements in Inland Waters and Their Importance in Inland Fisheries), by Ulrich Lieder, no. 216, 4 pp., printed in German. (Reprinted from Deutsche Fis- cherei-Zeitung, vol. 10, no. 4, 1963, pp. 106-109.) Uberreicht vom Institut fur Fischereiwesen, der Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Josef-Nawrocki- Strasse 7, Bérlin-Friedrichshagen, Germany. IRRADIATION PRESERVATION: "The Influence of Irradiation Preservation on the Nu- tritive Value of Fish and Fishery Products," by J. M. Shewan, Torry Memoir No. 127, 13 pp., illus., printed in English with French and Spanish summa- ries. (Reprinted from Fish in Nutrition, 1962.) Torry Research Station, Aberdeen Scotland. JACUNDA: "Notas sobre a Alimentacao do Jacunda, Crenicichla saxatilis (L., 1758)''(Notes on the Diet of the Jacunda, Crenicichla saxatilis--L., 1758), by Rui Simoes de Menezes, Series 1C, Publication No. 238, 3 pp., illus., printed in Portuguese with English summary. (Reprinted from Bol. Soc. Cear. Agron., vol. 2, June 1961, pp. 51-53.) Servico de Piscicultura, Forta- leza, Ceara, Brazil. JAPAN: Bulletin of the Hokkaido Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, no. 26, March 1963, 147 pp., illus., printed in Japanese with English abstracts. Hok- kaido Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, Yoishi, Hokkaido, Japan. Includes, among others, these articles: ''A Study on the Method of Predic- tion of the Hokkaido Spring Herring Resources,''by N. Hanamura; ''Consideration on the Differences in Body Length, Sex Ratio and Body Weight in the Pink Salmon Catches of Long-Line and Gill-Net of the Japanese Land-Based Fisheries, with Special Ref- erence to Mesh Selectivity," and "A New Quantita- tive Sampler for Large Crustacean Plankton," by T. Ishida; 'Limb Loss and Recovery in the Young King Crab, Paralithodes camtshatica,'' and ''Ecology of Shrimps on the Eel-Grass Bed: I--Spirontocaris propugnatrix, Il--Leander macrodactylus and Others, Ti--Shrimps in Relation to their Environment," by H. Kurata; ''Biochemical Studies on Squid: XVIII-- Glycogen in Muscle (1),'' by K. Kitabayashi and others; "XIX--On the Glucosamin Content in the Pen," XX-- On the Cloudiness of the Extracts Obtained from Squid Muscle;"' "Studies on the Proteins of Fish Skeletal Muscle in Relation to the Prevention of their De- naturation., I--Denaturation of Myosin," by K. Kita- bayashi and S. Ishikawa; ''The Change of the Lipid System in Fish Meat at Several Treating and Manu- facturing Courses," by K. Miwa; and ''Changes in Muscle Protein of Alaska Pollack during Storage in Ice," by T. Tokunaga. JELLYFISH: "Freshwater Jellyfish,'' by James Green, article, New Scientist, vol. 19, no. 347, July 11, 1963, pp. 90-91, illus., printed, single copy 1 s. (about 14 U.S. cents). New Scientist, Cromwell House, Fulwood Pl., High Holborn, London WC1, England. Studies of the dis- tribution of freshwater jellyfish have led from atank in Regents Park, London, to a great lake in East Africa. Present knowledge of the few species known from fresh water suggests that they have descended from their relatives in the sea. LABOR LEGISLATION: Equal Pay Act, 1963, P. L. 88-38, 4 pp., processed. ~ Labor Relations and Legal Department, the Chamber of Commerce of the United States, 1615 H St. NW., Washington 6, D.C. A digest and analysis of the Equal Pay Act of 1963. The law prohibits payments to employees within any establishment of wage dif- ferentials based on sex by employers subject to the Fair Labor Standards Act where there is equal work on jobs, the performance of which requires equal skill, effort, responsibility, and which is performed under similar working conditions. Wage differentials are specifically recognized where based on a legit- imate seniority system, merit system, quantity or quality of production, or any factor other than sex. Investigation and administration of the Act will be under the existing Wage and Hour Division of the Department of Labor. Highlights of the Equal Pay Act of 1963, 3 pp., proc- "essed. Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Divi- sions, U.S. Department of Labor, Washington 25, D.C., 1963. LONG ISLAND SOUND: "The Demersal Fish Population of Long Island Sound," by Sarah W. Richards, article, Bulletin of the Bing- ham Oceanographic Collection, vol. 18, Article 2, January 1963, pp. 1-101, illus., printed in English with Russian abstracts, $4. Peabody Museum of Nat- ural History, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. MACKEREL: "Studies of Dry-Salting and Sun-Drying of Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurtha). I--Different Conditions of Drying and Their Effect on the Quality of Dry- Cured Product; Il--Effect of Chlortetracycline, Sorbic Acid, Sodium Propionate, Sodium Benzoate, and So- dium Acid Phosphate on the Keeping Quality of Sun- November 1963 Dried Mackerel; III--Effect of Varying Proportions of Salt to Fish on the Quality of Sun-Dried Mackerel; IV--Effect of Incorporation of Different Chemicals in the Curing Salt on the Texture and Cooking Quality of the Product; V--Studies on the Storage Charac- teristics and Packaging of Sun-Dried Salted Mack- erel,'' by D. P. Sen and others, articles, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 56, January 22, 1962, 1811i, 1812a, 5 12c, printed. The American Chemical So- ciety, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, D.C. MARINE BIOLOGY: International Marine Biology, vol. 1, no. 1, April1963, 36 pp.; vol. 1, no. 2, August 1963, 34 pp., processed. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Place de Fontenoy, Paris-7©, France. The first two numbers of a quarterly newsletter prepared jointly by the Office of Oceanography of UNESCO and the Biology Branch of the Fisheries Division of FAO. Intended to help marine scientists, administrators, and government officials to be better informed in international, regional, and national ac- tivities of international significance in this field. Sections included are editorial notes, organizations, national oceanographic programs, international pro- jects, meetings, training facilities, miscellaneous news items, and activities of the United Nations and other agencies. MARKETING: The ees of Wet Fish during Distribution, Torry Advisory ote No. 3, 6 pp., illus., printed. Torry Research Station, 135 Abbey Rd., Aberdeen, Scot- land, 1962. MARLIN: "White Marlin, Tetrapturus albidus, in the Middle At- lantic Bight, with Observations on the Hydrography of the Fishing Grounds,'' by Donald P. de Sylva and William P: Davis, Contribution No. 432, 19 pp., illus., printed. (Reprinted from Copeia, vol. 50, no. 1, March 30, 1963, pp. 81-99.) Institute of Marine Sci- ence, University of Miami, 1 Rickenbacker Cause- way, Miami 49, Fla. MOTION PICTURES: Film Catalog, 29 pp., printed. Division of Informa- tion, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. 20240, 1963. The motion pictures listed in this catalog are selected from the film libraries of the various bureaus and offices (including the Fish and Wildlife Service) of the Department of the In- terior. They are available, on request, to educa- tional institutions, industrial and agricultural train- ing classes, engineering and professional societies, conservation organizations, civic and business as- sociations, and other responsible public and private groups. NETHERLANDS: Tien Jaar Zeevisserij (Ten Years of Marine Fishery), by A.G.U. Hildebrandt, Separate No. 3, 5 pp., printed in Dutch. Landbouw-Economisch Institut, Conradkade 175, 'S-Gravenhage, Netherlands, May 8, 1963. NETS: "A Comparative Account of the Rotting Resistance of Netting Twines of Fibres of Vegetable Origin," by Hideaki Miyamoto, G.K. Kuriyan, and P. J. Cecily, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 105 article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 28, July 1962, pp. 655-663, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kai- gandori 6, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. "Latest on Monofilament Netting of Tuna," by Alan Temple, article, Fisheries Newsletter, vol. 22, no. 7, July 1963, pp. 17, 27, illus., printed. Common- wealth Fisheries Office, Department of Primary In- dustry, Canberra, Australia. "On the Mechanical Character of the Drag-Net. I," by Tasae Kawakami and Kei Nakasai, article, Bul- letin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 28, July 1982- pp. 664-670, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. Mesure de la Trainee de Fils de Peche (Determination of the Drag on Fishing Nets), by A. Fauquet and J. Pauriche, 5 pp., illus., printed in French. Institut de Mecanique de Fluides, 5, Boulevard Paul Painleve, Lille, France, April 28, 1952. Results of Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Con- tinuous Filament Isotactic Polypropylene Fibre for Salmon Gill Nets, by P.J.G. Carrothers, Circular No. 66, 16 pp., processed. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C., Canada, July 1962. NORTH ATLANTIC: "The Soviet Fishery in the ICNAF Area," by Gordon R. Williamson, article, Canadian Fisherman, vol. 50, no. 7, July 1963, pp. 17-22, 36, illus., printed, single copy C$2. National Business Publications Ltd., Gardenvale, Que., Canada. Describes some of the vessels, mostly stern trawlers, the methods of fishing, and the fishermen of the Soviet fishing fleet operating on the Canadian Atlantic seaboard. OCEANOGRAPHY: Computer Programs in Oceanography --Preliminar, List, 16 pp., processed. Data Processing Branch, National Oceanographic Data Center, Washington 25, D.C. The rapid growth in the use of electronic com- puters and other automatic data processing devices has created a wide need for up-to-date information about the types of computer programs in use by var- ious institutions for oceanographic applications. This report is the first of a series planned to dis- seminate such information and contains a prelimi- nary list of computer programs by institution and a sample of a proposed Program Abstract form. Lists the type of computer and program titles or short descriptions to indicate the type of programs in use at each institution. Journal du Conseil, vol. XXVIII, no. 1, June 1963, 170 pp., illus., printed in French and English, single copy Kr. 16 (about US$2.35). Conseil Permanent In- ternational pour 1'Exploration de la Mer, Charlotten- lund Slot, Denmark. (Available from Messrs. Andr. Fred. Host & Son, Bredgade, Copenhagen, Denmark.) Includes, among others, articles on: A Study of the Vertical Distribution of Larval Haddock," by David Miller, John B. Colton, Jr., and Robert R. Marak; "Marine Fish Culture in Britain. I--Plaice Rearing in Closed Circulation at Lowestoft, 1957-1960," by J.E. Shelbourne, J.D. Riley, and G. T. Thacker; 106 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 11 . Il--A Plaice Rearing Experiment at Port Erin, Isle of Man, during 1960, in Open Sea Water Circulation," by J. E. Shelbourne; " IlIl--Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa--L.) Rearing in Closed Circulation at Lowestoft, 1961," by J.D. Riley and G. T. Thacker; ''On Selection by the Drifter Fleets in the East Anglian Herring Fishery," by A.C. Burd; ''Some Notes on the Preservation of Marine Animals,'' by James Marr; ''The Body/Scale Relationship in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.). A Preliminary Report,'' by Arne Lindroth; and ''Ran- dom Movement and Orientation in Salmon Migra- tion,'' by Saul B. Saila and Raymond A. Shappy. "Las Masas de Agua del Oceano’ (The Nature of the Ocean's Waters), by Jose Miguel Arango, article, Iberica, vol. 41, no. 11, May 1963, pp. 190-194, illus., printed in Spanish. Iberica, Palau, 3, Apart- ado 759, Barcelona-2, Spain. National Oceanographic Program, Fiscal Year 1964, CO Pamphlet No. 11, 71 pp., illus., processed. In- teragency Committee on Oceanography, Federal Council for Science and Technology, Office of Naval Research, Rm. 1818, 17th St. and Constitution Ave. NW., Washington 25, D.C., April 1963. Outlines a coordinated plan for the accomplishment of national goals while pursuing individual agency missions. Discusses program activities in research, instru- mentation, ship construction, surveys, manpower and training, international programs, facilities, and the National Oceanographic Data Center. Presents budget summaries by Federal Agency and by func- tional area, work of the International Cooperative Investigation of the Tropical Atlantic, and United States participation in the International Indian Ocean Expedition. National Plan for Ocean Surveys, ICO Pamphlet No. 7, 49 pp., processed. Interagency Committee on Oceanography, Federal Council for Science and Technology, Office of Naval Research, Rm. 1818, 17th St. and Constitution Ave. NW., Washington 25, D.C., May 1963. The primary objective of the O- cean Survey Plan is to pravide for the efficient and systematic collection, compilation, and presentation of oceanographic data for use in furthering our un- derstanding of the sea for science, for the national economy, and for defense. Among other agencies participating in the program, the Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries is responsible for the manage- ment and wise utilization of the commercially valu- able living resources of the sea. The collections of physical and chemical data together with the biolog- ical data are designed to provide information needed in.understanding the relation of the living population to its physical-chemical environment, an important aspect in the prediction of where commercially pro- fitable stocks may be found. Oceanographic Ship Operating Schedules, Fiscal Year 1964, ICO Pamphlet No. 12, 31 pp., processed. In- teragency Committee on Oceanography, Federal Council for Science and Technology, Office of Naval Research, Rm. 1818, 17th St. and Constitution Ave. NW., Washington 25, D.C., May 1963. An annual publication containing the planned schedules, type of work, and general areas of operation for all Govern- ment-owned or sponsored oceanographic ships of the United States. Included are vessels of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, National Science Foundation, U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office, Uni- versity of Washington, Oregon State University, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Agriculturaland Mechanical College of Texas, University of Miami, Hudson Laboratory, Lamont Geological Observatory, Narragansett Marine Laboratory, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. "Oceanography: After a Prosperous Decade, Agency Planners Agree on aGrand Designfor Next 10 Years,” by John Walsh, article, Science, vol. 141, no. 3580, August 9, 1963, pp. 506-507, printed, single copy 35 cents. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1515 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washing- ton 5, D.C. One of the fastest growing items in the Federal science budget has been appropriations for oceanography, which rose from less than $10 million in fiscal year 1953 to about $124 million for fiscal 1963. The Interagency Committee on Oceanography recently made public its most ambitious effort to date, Oceanography: The Ten Years Ahead, subti- tiled “A Long Range National Oceanographic Plan, 1963-1972."' Over 10 years the plan calls for an in- crease in the number of oceanographic ships from 76 to 128 (some 30-40 ships would be replaced), ma- jor laboratories from about 50 to more than 70, and professional manpower from 2,700 to over 6,000. The annual oceanography budget in 1970 would be $350 million. "R.V. Crawford's Work,'' by W.G. Metcalf, article, “Oceanus, vol. IX, no. 4, June 1963, pp. 8-9, illus., printed. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass. Discusses activities of this re- search vessel between mid-January and the end of April, 1963. This cruise was one phase of an inter- national effort in equatorial Atlantic Ocean current studies known as EQUALANT I. "Un Nuevo Buque de Investigaciones Oceanograficas" (A New Vessel for Oceanographic Investigations), by Arwed H. Meyl, article, Iberica, vol. 41, no. 11, May 1963, pp. 198-199, illus., printed in Spanish. Iberica, Palau, 3, Apartado 759, Barcelona-2, Spain. This vessel is being built for the German Federal Repub- lic, and she is expected to participate in the Indian Ocean oceanographic survey. OCEAN PERCH: Migrations of the Redfish (SEBASTES MENTELLA Gilt aizin) jon hep Beards land=-Spitabear eniSioc tara P. Sorokin, 14 pp., processed. (Translated from the Russian, Sovetskie Rybokhoziaistvennyie Issledovaniia v Sever°-Zapadnoi Chasti Atlanticheskogo Okeana, 1960, pp. 285-298.) Ministry of Agriculture, Fish- eries and Food, Fisheries Laboratory, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England, 1962. OYSTERS: "Comments on 'Microecological Factors in Oyster Epizootics' by Marshall Laird," by Carl N. Shuster, Jr. and Robert E. Hillman, article, Chesapeake Sci- ence, vol. 4, no. 2, June 1963, pp. 101-103, printed, Single copy 75 cents. Natural Resources Institute, University of Maryland, Chesapeake Biological Lab- oratory, Solomons, Md. November 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 107 B.R. Tunbridge, Fisheries Technical Report No. 6, 42 pp., illus., processed. New Zealand Marine De- partment, Wellington, New Zealand, 1962. Survey of the Oyster Potential of Hawaii, by Albert K. Sparks, 50 pp., illus., processed. Division of Fish and Game, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Honolulu, Hawaii, May 1963. Discusses a survey conducted in March 1962 of existing oyster beds in the Hawaiian Islands. Covers the history of efforts to culture various species of oysters, meth- ods and materials used in the present survey, de- scription of oyster beds encountered, discussion of the biology and ecology of Hawaiian oysters, inspec- tion of potential sites for transplantation of oysters from West Loch, Pearl Harbor, and recommenda- tions for future development of oyster stocks. PHOTOGRAPHY: Underwater Photography Simplified, by Jerry Green- berg, 53 pp., illus., printed. Seahawk Products,. P.O. Box 1157, Coral Gables, Fla., 1958. PHYSIOLOGY: "How Fish Breathe,'' by Arden R. Gaufin, article, Pennsylvania Angler, vol. 32, no. 7, July 1963, pp. 2-3, illus., printed, single copy 25 cents. Pennsyl- yania Fish Commission, South Office Bldg., Harris- burg, Pa. ; Olfaction in Fish, U.S.S.R., by B.A. Flerov, OTS 63-21480, 19 pp., printed, 50 cents. Office of Tech- nical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. 20230, April 1963. PILCHARD: The Pilchard of South-West Africa (SARDINOPS ~ OCELLATA Pappe), Notes on Zooplankton and Phy- toplankton Collections Made Off Walvis Bay, by W. E. Kollmer, Investigational Report No. 8, pp., illus., printed. Administration of South-West Africa, Marine Research Laboratory, Windhoek, South- West Africa, 1963. Presents information on rela- tions between zooplankton and the delimitation of the pilchard fishing area off Walvis Bay; relations between phytoplankton quantities and the fishingarea off Walvis Bay; and monthly recordings of phyto- plankton species in the area off Walvis Bay during 1959 and 1960. PLAICE: "Notes on the Winter-Food and Parasites of the Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L.),'' by Helen Rost and T. Soot-Ryen, article, Astarte, no. 3, June 30, 1952, pp. 1-7, printed. Zoological Department, Tromso Museum, Tromso, Norway. PLANKTON: A Quantitative and Qualitative Study of Some Indo- ~ West Pacific Plankton, by J. H. Wickstead, Colonial Office Fishery Publication No. 16, 200 pp., illus., printed, 55s. (about US$7.70). Her Majesty's Station- ery Office, York House, Kingsway, London WC2, England, 1961. PORTUGAL: latorio e Contas do Exercicio de 1962 e Orcamento para 1963 (Cod Fishing Vessel Owners! Guild, Statement of Operations for 1962 and Budget for 1963), 20 pp., printed in Portuguese. Commissao Revisora de Conta, Lisbon, Portugal, January 21, 1963. POTOMAC RIVER: Tidewater Potomac, Clean Water--Key to the Future, 7 pp., illus., printed. Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin, 815 17th St. NW., Washington, IDE Cap ley PRODUCTIVITY: "Uber die Moglichkeiten zur Steigerung der Arberits- produktivitat" (On the Possibility of Increasing Labor Productivity), by Eckhard Kienast, No. 221, 5 pp., printed in German. (Reprinted from Deutsche Fis- cherei-Zeitung, vol. 10, no. 2, 1963, pp. 33-37.) _ Uberreicht vom Institut fur Fischereiwesen, der Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Josef-Nawrocki- Strasse 7, Berlin-Friedrichshagen, Germany. PROTEIN: "Isolation of Protamine Sulfate from Bonito, Katsuwonus vagans Lesson, and Some of Its Properties, by Terutake Honma, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 26, January 1960, pp. 21-24, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan, SALMON: The Exploitation, Scientific Investigation and Manage- ment of Salmon (Genus ONCORHYNCHUS) Stocks on the Pacific Coast of the United States in Relation to International North Pacific Fisheries Com- mission, 6640 Northwest Marine Dr., Vancouver 6, B.C., Canada, 1962. The purpose of the papers con- tained in this bulletin was to provide information which would aid the Commission in determining an- nually, beginning in 1958, whether the salmon stocks originating in the rivers of the United States, includ- ing Alaska, continued to meet the requirements for abstention given in the Convention. The papers were submitted to the Commission between 1956 and 1960 by representatives of the governments of the United States and Japan. The conditions or qualifications for continued abstention, as given in Article IV of the Convention, are: (1) Evidence based upon sci- entific research indicates that more intensive ex- ploitation of the stock will not provide a substantial increase in yield which can be sustained year after year; (2) the exploitation of the stock is limited or otherwise regulated through legal measures by each Party which is substantially engaged in its exploita- tion, for the purpose of maintaining or increasing its maximum sustained productivity; such limitations and regulations being in accordance with conserva- tion programs based upon scientific research; and (3) the stock is the subject of extensive scientific study designed to discover whether the stock is being fully utilized and the conditions necessary for main- taining its maximum sustained productivity. printed. "Isolation and Identification of Adrenosterone in Salm- on (Oncorhynchus nerka) Plasma," by D. R. Idler, P. J. Schmidt, and I. Bitners, article, Canadian Jour- nal of Biochemistry and Physiology, vol. 39, October 1961, pp. 1653-1654, printed. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, Division of Adminis - 108 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 11 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE tration, The National Research Council, Sussex St., Ottawa, Canada. "Notes on the Blood of Masu Salmon (Oncorhychus masu) during Upstream Migration for Spawning, with Special Reference to the Osmoconcentration,"' by Tatsuro Kubo, article, Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, vol. 12, November 1961, pp. 189-195, printed. Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Kameda-Machi, Hakodate, Japan. The Passage of Migrating Atlantic Salmon and Vimba ~ Spawners Through the Fishway of the Kegum Hydro- Electric Station, by E. A. Kairov and Z.I. Chudova, Translation Series No. 399,1p., processed. (Trans- lated from the Russian, Trudy N. -I. Instituta Ryb- nogo Khoziaistva Soveta Narodnogo Khoziaistva Lat- Viiskoi rudy LatvNIRO), vol. 3, 1961, p. 493.) Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Biological Station, St. Andrews, N.B., Canada, 1962. Patterns and Principles in the Dynamics of Abundance of Baltic Salmon, by M.N. Lishev and E. Ya. Rimsh, Translation Series No. 395, 6pp., processed. (Trans- lated from the Russian, Trudy N. -I. Instituta Ryb- nogo Khoziaistva Soveta Narodnogo Khoziaistva Lat- vilskoi Trudy LatvNIRO), vol. 3, 1961, pp. 96-101.) Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Biological Station, St. Andrews, N. B., Canada, 1962. Statistics on Salmon Sport Fishing in the Tidal Wa- ters of British Columbia, 1962, 27 pp., illus., proc- essed. Department of Fisheries of Canada, Pacific Area, Economics Branch, 1155 Robson St., Van- couver 5, B.C., Canada, March 29, 1963. Young Salmon, by E. M. Malikova and N.I. Kotova, Translation Series No. 397, 1 p., processed. (Trans- lated from the Russian, Trudy N. -I. Instituta Ryb- nogo Khoziaistva Soveta Narodnogo Khoziaistva Lat- viiskoi SSSR (Trudy LatvNIRO), vol. 3, 1961, p. 442.) Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Biolog- ical Station, St. Andrews, N. B., Canada, 1962. SARDINES: "Ausencia de Nadadeiras Ventrais em Lycengraulis barbouri Hildebrand, 1943'' (Specimen of Lycengrau- lis barbouri Hildebrand, 1943, Lacking Ventral Fins), by Rui Simoes de Menezes, Series 1C, Pub- lication No. 236, 2 pp., illus., printed in Portuguese with English summary. (Reprinted from Bol. Soc. Cear, Agron., vol. 2, June 1961, pp. 57-58.) Servico de Piscicultura, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. SCALLOPS: "Biochemical Studies on Muscle of Sea Animals. I-- On Adenylic Acid in the Boiled Liquor with the Mus- cle of Scallop, Pecten yessoensis,'' by Atsushi lida, Isao Araki, and Kiichi Murata, article, Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, vol. 12, August 1961, pp. 151-159, printed. Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Kameda- Machi, Hakodate, Japan. SEALS: "Evaluation of a Method of Taking the Census of the White Sea Harp Seal and Considerations of the Sta- tus of this Seal,'' by Yu. I. Nazarenko and A. V. Yablokov, article, Translations from Zoologicheski Zhurnal, vol. 41, no. 12, 1962, OTS 63-201 78 pp. 34-44, illus., processed, $1.25. (Translated from the Russian, Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, vol. 41, no. 12, 1962, pp. 1875-1885.) Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bldg. T-30, Ohio Dr. and Independence Ave. SW., Washington 25, D.C., February 7, 1963. "Harp Seals and the Sealing Industry,'' by David Ser- geant, article, Trade News, vol. 15, no. 12, June1963, pp. 3-9, illus., processed. Director of the Informa- tion and Consumer Service, Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, Canada. Summarizes present knowledge of the harp seals' biology, the current state of the fish- ery, and its likely impact on the stocks. The status of the rarer hood seal and the methods of killing seals are also discussed. These stocks migrate from Greenland to the Atlantic Coast of Canada and Arctic Coast of the U.S.S.R. Future stabilization of these declining herds is possible as a result of Canada's 1961 proposal to the International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries (ICNAF) that the conservation of harp and hood seals be brought under the authority of this organization. Some Ecological Factors Determining Seasonal Changes in Distribution of the White Sea Harp Seal Population (PAGOPHOCA GROENLANDICA), by K. K. Chapsky, Translation Series No. ,23pp., processed. (Trans- lated from the Russian, Trudy Soveshchanii, Ikhti- ologicheskoi Komissii Akademii Nauk SSSR, no. 12, 1961, pp. 150-163.) Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Arctic Unit, 505 Pine Ave. W., Montreal 18, Que., Canada, 1962. On the Stock of Hood Seals in the Northern Atlantic, by Birger Rasmussen, Translation Series No. 387, 31 pp., processed. (Translated from the Norwegian, Fisken og Havet, no. 1, January 1960.) Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Arctic Unit, 505 Pine Ave. W., Montreal 18, Que., Canada. SEAWEEDS: Annual Report for 1962, 21 pp., printed. Institute of ~ Seaweed Research, Inveresk, Midlothian, Scotland. Discusses developments in the Scottish and foreign seaweed byproducts industry during 1962, and the Institute's information and technical assistance serv- ices. Also discusses production of alginates from seaweed, use of seaweed meal in animal feedstuffs, and development of fertilizers from seaweed. In- cludes results of investigations on algal polysac- charides, biochemical studies on seaweeds, nitro- genous constituents of marine algae, and chemical composition of marine micro-algae, and a list of publications on seaweeds issued during 1962. "Chemical Studies on Volatile Constituents of Sea- weeds. XIX--On Volatile Constituents of Prophyra tenera (2),'' by Teruhisa Katayama, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 27, July 1961, pp. 710-712, printed. Japanese Soci- ety of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. The Effect of Varying Concentrations of Norwegian Seaweed (ASCOPHYLLUM NODOSUM) on Duncan Grapefruit and Pineapple Orange seedlings under Greenhouse Conditions, by J.B. Aitken, T. L. Senn, November 1963 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, and J. A. Martin; ''The Effect of Norwegian Seaweed (ASCOPHYLLUM NODOSUM) on the Development of Certain Horticultural and Special Crops,” by Senn and others, Research Series, South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, No. 24, 28 pp.; No. 23, 45 pp., printed. South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, Clemson College, Clemson, S.C., 1961. SHARKS: "Electrocardiographic Studies of Free-Swimming Sharks,'' by Perry W. Gilbert and Steven D. Douglas, article, Science, vol. 140, no. 3574, June 28, 1963, p. 1396, illus., printed, single copy 35 cents. A- merican Association for the Advancement of Science, 1515 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washington 5, D.C. "The Shark that Hibernates,'' by L. Harrison Mat- thews, article, New Scientist, vol. 13, March 29, 1962, pp. 756-759, illus., printed. New Scientist, Cromwell House, Fulwood PI1., High Holborn, London WC1, England. SHELLS: "If You Don't Know Your Cone Shells, Don't Touch Them!" article, Pacific Islands Monthly, vol. 33, no. 12, July 1963, pp. 29, 31, 35, illus., printed. Pa- cific Islands Monthly, G. P.O. Box 3408, Sydney, Australia. The danger of inexperienced people han- dling any kind of cone shell found on reefs through- out the Pacific has been emphasized recently fol- lowing publicity in Australia about a highly lethal cone shell, Conus geographus. "Shell Polishing and Carving," by R. Powell, article, South Pacific Bulletin, vol. 11, no. 2, 1961, pp. 20- 22, printed. South Pacific Commission, G. P.O., Box 5254, Sydney, Australia. SHRIMP: "Preparation of Chitin and Glucosamine from Prawn Shell Waste,'' by P. V. Kamasastri and P. V. Prabhu (Central Fisheries Technological Research Station, Ernakulam, India), article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 56, June 11, 1962, 14605a, printed. The Ameri- can Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washing- ton 6, D.C. SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT: Management Audit for Small Manufacturers, 58 pp., printed, 25 cents. Small Business Administration, Washington, D.C., 1963. (For sale by the Superin- tendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20420.) The questions and answers provided in this booklet should aid the owner-manager of a small manufacturing plant in planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling the activities of his business adequately. The questions and answers, divided into 15 cate- gories, cover vital areas in the management of a business. oe and Managing a Small Business of Your “Own, 49 pp., Tas , printed, 25 cents. Small Busi- ness Adinimatration. Washington, D.C., 1962. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 109 BUT USUALLY MAY BE ging a small business to arrive at sound decisions concerning these problems. SMOKING: "Oil Drum Smoke House,'' by Herman Wiedenheft, ar- ticle, Pennsylvania Angler, vol. 32, no. 8, August 1963, p. 16, illus., printed, single copy 25 cents. Pennsylvania Fish Commission, South Office Bldg., Harrisburg, Pa. SPORT FISHING: Salt-Water Fishing Methods, 122 pp., printed. Collier Books, 111 Fourth Ave., New York 3, N. Y., 1962. STANDARDS: "De Microbiologische Gesteldheid van Vis en Vis- produkten in Verband met de Volksgezondheid" (The Microbiological State of Fish and Fish Products in Relation to Human Health), by A. Ruiter, article, Conserva, vol. 10, no. 8, 1962, pp. 157-161, printed in Dutch. Moorman's Periodieke Pers N.V., 1 Zwarteweg, The Hague, Netherlands. What Consumers Should Know About Food Standards, Food and Drug Administration Publication No. 8, 14 pp., illus., printed, 15 cents. Food and Drug Ad- ministration, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washington, D.C., 1963. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20420.) Discusses the establishment of standards under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act; enforcement of the law by the Food and Drug Administration; action taken against violaters; standards of identity, quality, fill of con- tainer, and enriched products; and honesty in label- ing. STERN TRAWLERS: "Le 'Pont-Abri! Gagnera-t-il la Bataille du Chalutage Arriere?, France Peche a Embarque pour Vous 15 Jours sur fe Paris” (Will the Covered Bridge Win the Stern Trawler Dispute ? France Peche Spent for You 15 Days on Board the ''Paris™), article, France Peche, no. 75, July-August 1963, pp. 20-29, 31-38, illus., printed in French. France Peche, Boite Postale 179, Lorient, France. STICKWATER: "Fish Byproducts: Preservation of White Fish Stick- water, ' article, Torry Research Station, Annual Re- port 1960, p. 27, printed. Torry Research Station, Aberdeen, Scotland, 1961. STRIPED BASS: "Study of Striped Bass Continuing Process," by Jef- ferson C. Fuller, Jr., article, South Carolina Wild- life, vol. 10, no. 2, Spring 1963, pp. 12-13, illus., printed. South Carolina Wildlife Resources Depart- ment, Box 360, Columbia, S.C. As a result of the survival and reproduction of striped bass landlocked in the Santee-Cooper Reservoir, S.C., stocking of other inland waters was begun and a hatchery opened. Spawning habits are being studied and efforts made toaccommodate the operation ofa barge waterway to allow normal migration of this species. Good pros- pects are in sight for additional striped bass fish- eries to meet the growing demand. Describes the common problems of launching small business operations in general, suggesting specific steps to help those interested im starting and man- TARIFFS: Tariff Classification Study, Fourth Supplemental Re- ~ port (Report to the President and to the Congress” 110 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 11 Pursuant to Section 101 of the Tariff Classification Act of 1962), 17 pp., processed. United States Tar- iff Commission, Washington, D.C. 20436, May 9, 1963. TERRITORIAL WATERS: "La Reglementation Internationale de la Peche--Du Sandettie au Bresil ou le Probleme des Eaux Re- servees"' (International Regulation of Fishing--The "Sandettie'’ off Brazil or the Problem of Reserved Waters), by M. Parquic, article, France Peche, no. 73, May 1963, pp. 33-36, illus., printed in French. France Peche, Boite Postale 179, Lorient, France. TEXAS: Annual Report of the Game and Fish Commission, mission during September 1, 1961, through August 31, 1962. Includes, among others, sections on wa- ter pollution control, inland fisheries, and coastal fisheries. Discusses fresh-water research and management, State fisheries investigations, contract commercial fishing for rough fish and turtles, and hatcheries. The coastal fisheries activities re- ported include shrimp, blue crab, and oyster pro- jects; finfish research; and bay area studies. In- cludes statistical data on quantity of landings in coastal areas and the Gulf. TRAWLERS: "The Long-Range Medium Refrigerated Fishing Trawler Mayak,'' by G. P. Dubskiy, article, Trans- lations on Soviet Transportation, No. 37, pp. 28-41, jllus., processed, $2.75. (Translated from the Rus- sian, Sudostroyeniye, no. 9, September 1962, pp. 1- 7.) Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bldg. T-30, Ohio Dr. and Independ- ence Ave. SW., Washington 25, D.C., February 11, 1963. "A la Recherche d'un Reglement International la Stabilite des Chalutiers" (Research on an Interna- tional Regulation on the Stability of Trawlers), by D. Paulet, article, France Peche, no. 71, March 1963, pp. 23-26, illus., printed in French. France Peche, Boite Postale 179, Lorient, France. TRAWLING: ; "Tierorieticheskiie Osnovy dlia Rascheta Dvizhieniia Sudna s Tralom" (Theoretical Basis for Calculation of the Motion of a Vessel Towing a Trawl), by I. R. Matrosov, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 37, no. 6, 1961, pp. 41-53, illus., printed in Russian. VNIRO Glavniproekta, pri Gosplanie SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. TRAWLS: An Improved Mediterranean Trawl, by E. H. Dahlgren and L.F. Farina, 13 pp., illus., printed. Service de la Marine Marchande et des Peches Maritimes, Tunis, Tunisia, February 1962. The original design of this modified trawl was developed in Italy, be- ginning in 1935. The design was granted Italian patent rights in 1938. The outbreak of war in 1939 disrupted fishing in the region until some years after the cessation of hostilities, and efforts to re- new the development were discontinued until 1960, when it was demonstrated in Yugoslavia under the auspices of the Food and Agriculture Organization. The trials described in this report were carried out by the U.S. Special Mission for Economic and Tech- nical Assistance under the sponsorship of the Chief of the Merchant Marine and Fisheries Service of Tunisia, in 1961. Describes the design of the net, number and size of meshes, hanging of the trawl, and a sorting trough. TUNA: "Abrasion Test of Tuna Longline," by Katsuji Honda, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 28, January 1962, pp. 1-4, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kai- gandori 6, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. The Australian Tunas, by D. L. Serventy, Report No. 4, 51 pp., illus., printed. Division of Fisheries, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, 314 Albert St., East Melbourne, Australia, 1941. "la Campagne Thoniere Africaine: Les Basques Etaient a l'Heure, Bretons et Vendeens Sont Venus Trop Tard!''(The African Tuna Season: The Basques Were on Time, Bretons and Vendeans Had Come Too Late!), by Rene Benoit, article, France Peche, no. 75, July-August 1963, pp. 41-42, illus., printed in French. France Peche, Boite Postale 179, Lorient, France. "A Preliminary Report on Tuna in West Coast Waters of South Africa. Part III, '' by B. van D. de Jager, C.S. de V. Nepgen, and R. J. van Wyk, article, The South African Shipping News and Fishing Industry Review, vol. XVIII, no. 6, June 1963, pp. 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, illus., printed, single copy 25c. (about 35 U.S. cents). Thomson Newspapers, South Africa (Pty.) Ltd., Box 80, Cape Town, South Africa Republic. The last of a three-part series, this ar- ticle covers tuna competitors and predators; possi- ble relationship between the presence of tuna and the temperature of the water; possible relationship be- tween catch and hydrological environmental condi- tions; and hydrological data collected in the area, Winter 1960 to Autumn 1961. Concludes that 4 spe- cies of tuna occur off the Cape west coast in con- siderable numbers and can be taken by Japanese- type long-line. However, too little is known of the long-term pattern of occurrence to be certain that they will always be present in sufficient numbers to justify commercial exploitation. "Relation between Soaking Time and Catch of Tunas, in Longline Fisheries," by K. Sivasubramaniam, ar- ticle, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 27, September 1961, pp. 835-845, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. Le Thon Rouge et le Germon, THUNNUS THYNNUS “(L.) et GERMO ALALUNGA (Bonn.), Morphologie, Biologie et Peche (Bluefin Tuna and Albacore, Thun- nus thynnus (L.) and Germo alalunga (Bonn.), Mor- phology, Biology and Fishery), by F. Frade and H. Vilela, Estudos, Ensaios e Documentos No. 98, 90 pp., illus., printed in French with Portuguese and English summaries. Junta de Investigacoes do Ultramar, Praca do Principle Real, 20, Lisbon, Portugal, 1962. November 1963 TURKEY: Balik ve Balikcilik (Fish and Fishery), vol. 11, no. 7, July 1963, 35 pp., illus., printed in Turkish with English table of contents. Balikcilik Mudurlugu, Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey. Includes, among others, these articles: 'Recommendations on Turkish Fish- eries;'' "Fishing Bonitos with Hook and Line in Ter- ritorial Waters;'' and "Characteristics of Various Kinds of Fish Oil." UNITED KINGDOM: Torry Research Station Annual Report, 1962, on the Handling and Preservation of Fish and Fish Prod- ucts, 50 pp., illus., printed, 80 cents. Sales Section, British Information Services, 845 Third Ave., New York 22, N. Y., 1963. Describes accomplishments in research during 1962 on improvement in handling, treatment, and quality of wet fish; freezing and cold storage; smoke curing; canning; and fishery byprod- ucts. Also includes work in bacterial flora of ocean perch, biochemistry of starvation, autoxidation of phospholipids, low molecular weight organic com- ponents of flesh, hydration and dehydration of pro- teins, effects of fat content on diffusion of water in fish muscle, and relatéd subjects. Also contains a list of reports and papers published during 1962 on the handling and preservation of fish and fish prod- ucts. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT: Federal Organization for Scientific Activities, 1962, NSF 62-37, pp., illus., printed, $3.50. National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C., August 1962. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20420.) The information contained in this directory was derived primarily from a survey of 40 depart- ments and agencies made by the National Science Foundation in 1961. The data for the most part are correct as of December 1961. The Federal organi- zation for science consists of components of both the Executive and Legislative Branches of the Gov- ernment. In the Executive Branch, 10 departments and 27 independent agencies contain units which plan, administer, conduct or support scientific ac- tivities. Within the Legislative Branch, Congres - sional Committees, the Library of Congress, the Botanic Garden and the Government Printing Office engage in scientific activities. These agencies range widely in size, functions, fields of science, types of scientific and technological activities sup- ported, contact with non-Government institutions, and types of facilities required. A section on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service covers its objectives, scientific activities, the American Fisheries Ad- visory Committee, field stations and installations, and major developments since 1954. United States Government Organization Manual, 1963- 64, 788 pp., illus., printed, 75 Office of the Fed- eral Register, National Archives and Records Serv- ice, General Services Administration, Washington, D.C., June 1, 1963. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20420.) The official organization handbook of the Federal Government. Contains the Constitution of the United States and sections de- scribing the agencies in the legislative, judicial, and executive branches of the Government. Supple- mental information includes brief discussions of COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 111 quasi-official agencies, selected multilateral inter- national organizations, selected bilateral organiza- tions, charts of the principal Federal agencies, and appendices relating to abolished and transferred agencies and to Government publications. Also de- scribes the agencies connected with fisheries: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, and Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wild- life. U.S.S.R.: "Development of the Fishing Industry, Fishing and Problems of Biological Science in the Light of the Resolutions of the Twenty-Second Congress of the CPSU," by G. B. Mel'nikov and N. Ye. Sal'nikov, ar- ticle, Translations from Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, vol. 41, no. 12, 1962, OT, = > pp. 1-16, proc- essed, $1.25. (Translated from the Russian, Zoolo- gicheskiy Zhurnal, vol. 41, no. 12, 1962, pp. 1771- 1782.) Office of Technical Services, U.S. Depart- ment of Commerce, Bldg. T-30, Ohio Dr. and Inde- pendence Ave. SW., Washington 25, D.C., February ny GR. Recent Developments in Soviet Lake and River Fish- ing, OTS 63-21863, 22 pp., printed. Office of Tech- nical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bldg. T-30, Ohio Dr. and Independence Ave. SW., Wash- ington 25, D.C., May 20, 1963. VESSELS: "Fibreglass Pilchard Vessel Is Being Built in Cape," article, The South African Shipping News and Fish- ing Industry Review, vol. XVIII, no. 6, June 1963, pp. 63,65, illus., printed, single copy 25c. (about 35 U.S. cents). Thomson Newspapers, South Africa (Pty.) Ltd., Box 80, Cape Town, South Africa Repub- lic. The largest fiberglass fishing vessel to be built for commercial use in South Africa, and possibly the largest in the world, is nearing completion near Cape Town. She is 67 feet, 6 inches long, and has a beam of 21 feet. When completed the hull will con- sist of 8 outside layers of fiberglass and 6 inside layers, with a layer of plastic foam in between the two. Over-all thickness will be 13 inches. Testing results showed that the fiberglass hull was in many cases stronger than a wooden hull and far more weather-resistant than steel. Because of the leak- proof qualities of fiberglass, the new vessel will be allowed to carry more cargo than a wooden vessel of the same size. Another advantage of this material is that it does not harbor bacteria, thus making the vessel easier to clean. "New State Standards for Ships of the Fishing-Industry Fleet,'' by G. B. Terent'yev, article, Translations on Soviet Transportation, No. 37, pp. -72, illus., processed, . (Translated from the Russian, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, no. 10, October 1962, pp. 45- 38 ) Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bldg. T-30, Ohio Dr. and Independ- ence Ave. SW., Washington 25, D.C., February 11, 1963. "La Nouvelle Orientation de la Peche au Thon: Un Pro- bleme de Construction Navale''(The New Orientation inthe Tuna Fishery: A Problem of Ship Construction), by R. Lenier, article, France Peche, no. 75, July- August 1963, pp. 15-17, illus., printed in French. France Peche, Boite Postale 179, Lorient, France. 112 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW WALRUS: Marine Mammals, Work Plan J. by Samuel J. Harbo, Jr., 1960-61 Pittman-Robertson Project Report, vol. II, no. 9, 58 pp., illus., processed. Alaska De- partment of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska. "The Walrus (Odobaenus rosmarus--L.) Off the Coast of Norway in the Past and After the Year 1900, To- gether with some Observations on Its Migrations and 'Cruising Speed,'" by Hjalmar Munthe-Kaas Lund, article, Astarte, no. 8, July 25, 1954, pp. 1- 12, illus., printed. Zoological Department, Tromso Museum, Tromso, Norway. WEATHER CHARTS: The following processed weather charts, 2 pp. each, are published by the Weather Bureau, U.S. Depart- ment of Commerce, Washington, D.C., and are for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20420, 10 cents each. Charts show stations displaying small craft, gale, whole gale, and hurricane warn- ings, explanations of warning displays, and sched- ules of AM and FM radio, TV, and radiophone sta- tions that broadcast weather forecasts and warn- ings. Coastal Warning Facilities Chart, Eastport, Me., to Montauk Point, N. Ye) 1963. Small Craft, Gale, and Whole Gale Warning Facilities Chart, Great Lakes: Huron, Erie, and Ontario, 1963. Small Craft, Gale, and Whole Gale Warning Facilities Chart, Great Lakes: Superior and Michigan, 1963. WHALES: "Marking of Humpback Whales in the Southern Hem- isphere," by M. V. Ivashin, article, Translations from Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, vol. 41, no. 12, 1962, OTS 63-20176, pp. 17-33, illus., processed, $1.25. (Translated from the Russian, Zoologicheski Zhur- nal, vol. 41, no. 12, 1962, pp. 1848-1838.) Oifice ot Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bldg. T-30, Ohio Dr. and Independence Ave. SW., Washington 25, D.C., February 7, 1963. On Methods of ie Toothed Whales, by S. E. Klein- enberg and G. A. Kievezal", Translation Series No. 407, 9 pp., processed. (Translated from the Rus- sian, Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, vol. 145, no. 2, 1962, pp. 460-462.) Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Arctic Unit, 505 Pine Ave. W., Montreal 18, Que., Canada, November 1962. "The Occurrence of the Southern Bottle-Nosed Whale, Hyperoodon planifrons Flower, in New Zealand Wa- ters,” by Charles McCann, article, Records of the Dominion Museum, vol. 4, no. 3, November 30, 1961, pp. 21-27, illus., printed. Dominion Museum, Wellington, New Zealand. WHALING: "Departure of Sovetskaya Rossiya Whaling Flotilla for Antarctic,'' article, Translations on Soviet Trans- portation, No. 37, p. 120, processed, $2.75. (Trans- lated from the Russian, Gudok, November 2, 1962, p. 1.) Office of Technical Services, U.S. Depart- Vol. 25, No. 11 ment of Commerce, Bldg. T-30, Ohio Dr. and Inde- Penance Ave. SW., Washington 25, D.C., February , 1968. "The Whale Marking Cruise of the Sioux City off Cali- fornia and Baja California,'' by Dale W. Rice, article, Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende (The Norwegian Whaling Gazette), vol. 52, no. 6, June 1963, pp. 153-160, illus., printed. Hvalfangerforeningen, Sandefjord, Norway. The whale catcher, Sioux City, chartered by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, made a whale- marking cruise in the waters off southern California and northern Baja California, from San Francisco Bay south to Isla Gaualupe, November 12-December 1, 1962. Purpose of the cruise was: (1) to obtain data on the distribution and abundance of whales and other marine mammals; (2) to locate areas where whales occur in sufficiently large numbers during the winter season to warrant a more extensive mark- ing program in future years; and (3) to mark as many whales as possible. Of 27 whale marks fired, 16(on 15 fin and one sperm whale) were effective. Whaler's Eye, by Christopher Ash, 255 pp., illus., printed, $7.50. The MacMillan Co., 60 Fifth Ave., New York 11, N. Y., 1962. ''There She Blows” has been the cry of the lookout man in the crows nest of a whaling vessel for centuries. This book is the pic- ture of whaling as seen by one whaler. Its arrange- ment of half photographs and half words makes it come alive. It depicts life aboard a whaler and has some excellent pictures of whaling in the Antarctic seas. The classic Moby Dick depicted the early days of whaling, but here we have the author's account of modern whaling based on his trips aboard the whaler Balaena. One important chapter is that devoted to the ethics of whaling and his claim that the whaler is justified in carrying on his trade. After a short description of the living whale, the author describes the whaling fleet, with its factoryships and tankers, freezer vessels, ferries, catchers, and buoy boats. One chapter deals with the different types of whales. Other chapters describe the processing, the whale as raw material, the whaling season, the Antarctic ice, and spare time aboard the vessels. A short chapter summarizes whaling research. And for the photography fan there is a chapter on the techniques and equipment used by the author in taking the 200 photographs that illustrate the book. A short but adequate index completes the book. Anyone with the slightest interest in the sea and in the largest mam- mals on earth will be interested in possessing a copy of this vividly portrayed story of Antarctic whales and whaling. --Joseph Pileggi WHITE SEA: Atlas Nauchnykh Osnov Rybopromyslovoi Karty Onezhskogo Zaliva Belogo Moria. Chast' 1 (Atlas of the Scientific Bases for the Fisheries Chart of Onega Bay of the White Sea. Part 1--Freshwater Inflow; Surface Seasonal Temperature Changes; Surface Seasonal Salinity Changes; Seasonal Changes in Transparency; Permanent Currents; Zonal Distri- bution of Water Masses), 54 pp., illus., printed in Russian. Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R., 1959. OTe at eee ‘i Nae Tika ee ee es Be SPACE By iy On hike) va Ay t ‘ c : Be 7 5 t \ x t GIVE A NEW TWIST TO THE HOLIDAY BIRD WITH SEAFOOD STUFFING One of the rich American traditions which has become a part of family living is the Seafood stuffing. OYSTER STUFFING 1 can (12 ounces) shucked oys- ters, fresh or frozen 5 cup chopped celery 1 egg, beaten 1 tablespoon chopped parsley 1 teaspoon salt + teaspoon poultry seasoning 4 cup chopped onion 4 cup melted fat or oil 6 cups soft bread cubes Dash pepper Thaw frozenoysters. Drain oysters and chop coarsely. Cook celery and onion in fat until tender; stirring occasionally. Com- bine allingredients and mix thoroughly. Makes about 4 cups of stuffing, enough for a 4-pound ready-to-cook bird. SHRIMP STUFFING 5 pound shrimp, fresh or frozen 6 cups soft bread cubes + cup chopped onion 2 tablespoons chopped parsley = cup melted fat or oil 1 teaspoon salt 1 egg, beaten 4 teaspoon thyme 2 tablespoons milk Dash pepper Thaw frozen shrimp. Peel shrimp and remove sand veins. Wash shrimp and cut into small pieces. Cook onion and shrimp in fat until onion is tender; stirring occasion- ally. Combine eggand milk. Combine all in- gredients and mix thoroughly. Makes about 4 cups of stuffing, enough for a 4-pound ready -to cook bird. gathering of the clan at Thanksgiving or Christmas for a warm reunion and the traditional holiday meal withallthetrimmings. The subtle combination of crispair, a warm- ing fire, happy sounds of reunion, and complete kitchen confusion create acer- tain excitement which cannot be dupli- cated. Through the years, the holiday bird with stuffing has become a part of this tradition, and each section of the coun- try has a stuffing recipe native to its area. This year, fresh from the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries! Test Kitchens come three savory seafood stuffings to bring the tang-o-the-sea to your festive table and find favor with the most fastidious. Hearty New England scallops; brisk, briny oysters; or flavor-right shrimp are available everywhere and will add that elegant touch that means so much at mealtime. SCALLOP STUFFING 4 pound scallops, fresh or frozen cup chopped celery 1 egg, beaten a f 5 cup chopped oniop i cup melted fat or oil 6 cups soft bread cubes 1 teaspoon salt 1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce 3 teaspoon poultry seasoning Dash pepper Thaw frozen scallops. Rinse with cold water to remove any Shell particles. Chop scallops. Cook celery, onion, and scallops in fat until vegetables are tender; stirring occasionally. Combine all ingredients and mix thoroughly. Makes about 4 cups of stuff- ing, enough for a 4-pound ready -to-cook bird. STUFFING FOR TURKEY For 5 - 9-pound turkey For 10 - 15-pound turkey For 16 - 20-pound turkey ‘2 times stuffing recipe 3 times stuffing recipe 4 times stuffing recipe For 21 - 25-pound turkey 5 times stuffing recipe COMMERCIAL BEU EEL *FISHERIESHREY IL GF 44463 % Er shes Hi $ £ nate Se ML. 25, NO.12 DECEMBER 1965 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Washington, D.C. UNITED STATES ; BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD L. MCKERNAN, DIRECTOR WART L. U L, SECRETARY STEWAR DALL ETA DIVISION OF RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE RALPH C. BAKER, CHIEF CLARENCE F. PAUTZKE, COMMISSIONER wane (jer all = A review of developments and news of the fishery industries prepared in the BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES. Joseph Pileggi, Editor G.A. Albano, H. M. Bearse, and H, Beasley, Assistant Editors Address correspondence and requests to the: Chief, Fishery Market News Service, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Wyatt Bldg., Suite 611, 777 14th Street, NW., Washington, D.C. 20005. Publication of material from sources outside the Bureau is not an endorsement. The Bureau is not responsible for the accuracy of facts, views, or opinions contained in materialfrom outside sources. Although the contents of the publication have not been copyrighted and may be reprinted freely, reference to the source is appreciated. Use of funds for printing this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, May 1, 1963. 5/31/68 CONTENTS COVER: A small 50-foot steel dragger with clean lines built for fishing out of Point Judith, R. I. This vessel has a large fishhold capacity (900 cubic feet) and special framing to discharge fish quickly by hydraulic pumps. 1. .An Electromechanical Fishing and Counting Fence Used in Ireland, by Julius Rockwell, Jr. 7 ..Scope Ratio-Depth Relationships for Beam Trawl, Shrimp Trawl, and Otter Trawl, by Walter T. Pereyra Page Page TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS: TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Alaska: Alaska Fisheries Investigations (Contd.): 11... Foreign Fishing Activities in Bering Sea and 15 .. Brooks Station Ecology Studies Gulf of Alaska 15 .. Commercial Sized King Crab Males Scarce 11 .. Soviet Trawlers Again Force Abandonment on Albatross and Portlock Banks of Kodiak King Crab Grounds 16 .. Southeast Alaska Pink Salmon Run Shows Un- 11 .. Soviet Vessels Leave Crab Grounds When expected Ocean Mortality U. S. Patrols Arrive 16 .. Young Pink Salmon Discovered Moving To- 12... U.S. Protests Soviet King Crab Trawling wards Open Ocean in Large Concentration off Kodiak Island 16 .. Warm-Ocean Fish Appear in Alaska 12 .,. Foreign Fishing Fleets Target of Kodiak American Samoa: : Meeting 16 .. More Korean Tuna Vessels Fish out of Amer- 12... Bering Sea Patrol Activities Diminished ican Samoa 12... Inter-Agency Salmon Council Reviews Status Aquatic Science Fellowships: of Pacific Salmon 17... Universities Invited to Participate in Educa- 13... Fish Processing Advice Available from Bu- tional Program reau's Ketchikan Technological Laboratory Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission: 13... Crab Catch Promising for 1963 17... Adopts Resolution Calling for a 12-Mile Fish- 13... Alaska Canned Salmon Comparisons ing Limit 13... Southeastern Alaska Salmon Fisheries California: 14 .. Alaskan Shrimp Fisheries at Crossroads 17... Pelagic Fish Population Survey Continued 14 .. New Firm Planned for Juneau Area 20 .. San Francisco Bay Investigations Continued 14 .. New Fishway on Kodiak Island Opens Large 21 .. Survey of Shrimp Resources in Northern and Spawning Area for Salmon Central Coastal Waters Continued Alaska Fisheries Investigations: 23... Annual Salmon Spawning Survey Conducted 15 .. Karluk Red Salmon Spawning Escapement Canned Fishery Products: High for 1963 23 .. Struvite Crystals Are Harmless Contents continued page II. I Page 24 24 25 25 26 27 34 34 35 35 36 36 36 37 37 38 39 39 40 41 41 41 42 43 43 43 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 12 CONTENTS (CONTINUED) TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): Cans--Shipments for Fishery Products, Janu- ary-August 1963 Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations: Factors Affecting Abundance of Summer Skipjack Tuna in Hawaiian Waters Tuna Studies Continued Fur Seals: Prices for Alaska Fur Seal Skins at Fall 1963 Auction Lower Great Lakes Fishery Investigations: Lake Trout Distribution Studies Continued Gulf Exploratory Fishery Program: Shrimp Gear Studies Continued Gulf Fishery Investigations: Shrimp Fishery Program Estuarine Program Physiology and Behavior Program Contract Research Shrimp Distribution Studies Hawaii: Fishery Landings, 1962 Skipjack Tuna Landings, January-September 1963 Industrial Fishery Products: U. S. Fish Meal and Solubles, Production and Imports, January-August 1963 U.S. Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles: Production, August 1963 Major Indicators for U. S. Supply, Septem- ber 1963 Production, September 1963 Maine Sardines: Canned Stocks Included in Bureau of the Census Survey Massachusetts: Regulations Pertaining to Icing and Eviscer- ating Fish on Vessels Amended Middle Atlantic States: Fishery Landings, 1962 Nutrition: An Improved Method of Determining Thia- minase Activity of Whole Fish Developed Oceanography: Communications Satellite Assists Oceanog- raphers Electronic Device Speeds Collection of Plankton Data Quality Control Experiment Influence of Weather on Ocean Currents Studied Marine Technology Society Established World Oceanographic Data Display System Oysters: Patent Granted for Chemical Compound to Control Enemies Shrimp: Fresh Water Shrimp Planted in California and Nevada Lakes Futures Trading for Frozen Shrimp Opens in Chicago q United States Shrimp Supply Indicators, October 1963 U.S. Foreign Trade: Imports of Canned Tuna Under Quota Airborne Imports of Fishery Products, June- July 1963 Page 46 46 48 48 49 50 50 51 52 52 53 54 54 54 54 55 56 56 57 57 57 58 58 58 59 TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (Contd.): U. S. Foreign Trade (Contd.): United States Fisheries Trade Mission to Europe Proposed World Trade Fair Ship to Exhibit American- Made Products Vessels: Two Texas Shrimp Fishing Vessels Financed Under Mortgage Insurance Program Wholesale Prices: Edible Fish and Shellfish, October 1963 FOREIGN: International: European Economic Community: Invitation to Attend West European Fisher- ies Conference Accepted Food and Agriculture Organization: Meeting on the Use of Protein-Rich Foods in Developing Countries Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute: International Fisheries Problems Discussed at Miami Meeting International Cooperative Investigation of the Tropical Atlantic: Equalant II Completed Plans for Equalant II International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission: Excessive Mortality of Sockeye Salmon in Fraser River System Under Study North Pacific Fisheries Convention: Second Meeting in Tokyo Fails to Resolve Problems North Pacific Fur Seal Convention: Protocol Amending Interim Convention Signed World Fishery Catch: Fishery Landings, 1962 Argentina: Fish Meal and Oil Production and Exports, 1961-1962 Australia: Canned Tuna Import Duties Increased Duties on Canned Fish Increased Temporarily Exports and Landings of Spiny Lobsters, Fiscal Year 1962/63 Gulf of Carpentaria Surveyed for Shrimp Resources Shrimp Exports up Sharply in Fiscal Year 1962/63 Market for Canned Sardines and Pilchards South Australia's 1963 Tuna Landings Not Up to Expectations Bahamas: Jurisdiction over Territorial Waters and Adjacent Shelf Announced Cambodia: New Fisheries Service Vessel Built with United States Aid Canada: Committee on British Columbia Fishing In- dustry Problems Appointed Sale of Smoked Fish in Air-Sealed Contain- ers May be Prohibited Vessel Construction Subsidy Program Denmark: Loans and Grants to Fishermen for Fiscal Year 1963 Contents continued on page III. December 19638 Page 59 59 60 61 61 61 62 63 63 63 63 64 64 64 65 65 65 65 65 66 66 66 66 67 67 67 67 68 68 CONTENTS (CONTINUED) FOREIGN (Contd.): Denmark (Contd.): Marine Oil Foreign Trade, January-June 1962-1963 Order Received from Chile for Fish-Freez- ing Plant Ecuador: Foreign Minister Restates Policy on Law of the Sea Law Amended on Tax Treatment of Foreign Freezerships Purchasing from Fishermen for Export El Salvador: Increased Duty Rates for Canned Mackerel Proposed Faroe Islands: Fishing Gear Damaged by Foreign Fishing Fleets France: New Side Trawler Equipped to Freeze Part of Catch Greece: Fisheries to be Developed Under 5-Year Plan Landings by Large Freezerships Higher for January-August 1963 Period Iceland: Exports of Fishery Products to Soviet Bloc, January-June 1963 Utilization of Fishery Landings, January- April 1963 Fishery Landings by Principal Species, January-April 1963 Herring Fisheries Trends, January-Septem- ber 1963 Italy: Tuna Packers Association Seeks Aid from Japanese Producers Japan: Bering Sea Fisheries Trends, October 1963 Bering Sea Bottomfish Fishery May Be Cur- tailed Fishermen Request Permission to Enter Tuna Fishery Danish Traders Request Offers of Japanese Tuna Market for Frozen Tuna Exports to United States Dull in September Prices for Frozen Big-Eyed Tuna in Czech- oslovakia Lower Owners of Overseas-Based Tuna Vessels Seek.to Add Freezing Equipment Order for Owners to Convert Vessels to Portable-Boat-Carrying Tuna Motherships Extended i Study of United States Canned Tuna Import Quotas Requested Tuna Fishing Base at New Caledonia Acti- vated Tuna Fishermen Training Program Planned Two Firms May End Tuna Mothership Op- erations in South Pacific Federation Requests Permit to Import Her- ring from U.S.S.R. Fish Meal Purchased from South Africa Renewal of Kelp Harvesting Agreement with Soviets Requested COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Page 76 77 77 rel 77 78 78 78 79 79 79 79 Il FOREIGN (Contd.): Japan (Contd.): Prohibition of High-Seas Pink Salmon Fish- ing Proposed by Soviets Marine Oil Exports, January-June 1963 and Forecast for Calendar Year 1963 Canned Salmon Prices for 1963/64 Export Year Another Stern Trawler Launched for Atlantic Ocean Fishery Stern Trawler Leaves for Fishing Grounds off Newfoundland Press and Fisheries Society Comments on North, Pacific Fisheries Treaty Renegotia- tion Industry Plans for North Pacific Fisheries Commission Meeting Fisheries Agency Director Comments on INPFC Meeting Republic of Korea: Financing of New Fishing Vessels Aided by Government Guarantees Italian-French Contract to Build Fishing Ves- sels Held Up Mexico: Market for Canned Sardines Restricted to Domestic Production Drop in United States Shrimp Prices Forces Vessel Owners to Seek Relief Prices for Baja California's Spiny Lobster Exports Renegotiated Netherlands: Air Pump Developed for Unloading Fish from Vessels Marine Animal Oils Supply and Disposition for Year Ending June 30, 1963 New Zealand: Fish and Shellfish Landings, 1962 Norway: Fish Canning Industry Marketing Group Sets Record for Frozen Fish Exports in Year Ending June 1963 Panama: Spiny Lobster Exploratory Fishing Project Continued Philippine Republic: Canned Sardine Bids Cancelled Poland: Fisheries Trends, July 1963 Portugal: Canned Fish Exports, January-June 1963 Canned Fish Pack, January-June 1963 Somali Republic: Tuna Cannery to be Built with Soviet Aid South Africa Republic: Pilchard-Maasbanker Fishery Landings and Production, 1959-63 Pilchard-Maasbanker Fishery, July 1963 South-West Africa: Fisheries Trends, July 1963 Taiwan: New Fishing Vessels to be Financed by World Bank Loan Thailand: Fisheries Landings Increase Fisheries Surveyed for Potential Investment by United States Firm Contents continued on page IV. IV Page 80 80 81 82 83 84 84 84 84 84 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No, 12 CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Page FOREIGN (Contd.): FEDERAL ACTIONS: U.S.S.R.: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Fisheries Trends in Northwest Atlantic, Food and Drug Administration: October 1963 GS) 66 Petition Requests Revision of Canned Tuna United Arab Republic: Standards Fishing Industry Status in 1962 and Outlook GB) 5 6 Smoked Fish from Great Lakes Area to be for 1963 Distributed as a Frozen Food United Kingdom: Department of the Interior: Production of Fish Flour Arouses Interest Fish and Wildlife Service: Tropical Fish Resources Overrated Bureau of Commercial Fisheries: Uruguay: S6iers Federal Standards for Grades of Frozen Imports and Exports of Fishery Products, Raw Breaded Fish Portions 1962 Department of the Treasury: Foreign Fisheries Briefs: Coast Guard: Soviet New Floating Cannery Active in North 8 6.5 Oceanographic Effort Expanded Pacific and Bering Sea Bureau of Customs: Soviet North Pacific Fishing Vessels Report GH) G6 Duty-Free Treatment of Certain Lobster Good Catches Soviet Plans Deep-Water Fishing in Bering Crates and Certain Large Boxes for Ship- ment and Reshipment of Fish Sea White House: Soviet Fishing Fleets in Eastern North Pa- 89 .. Fishery Items to be Considered for Trade cific and Bering Sea Decline in October i Agreement Negotiations Soviets Deliver Frozen Fish to Cuba 92... Eighty-Eighth Congress (First Session) RECENT FISHERY PUBLICATIONS: 95 .. Fish and Wildlife Service Publications 97 .. Miscellaneous Publications concerned with the managem Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior--America’s Department of Natural Resources--is life, mineral, forest, and park and recreational resources. It also has major responsibilities for Indian and Territorial affairs. As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department works to assure that nonre- newable resources are developed and used wisely, that park and recreational resources are con- served for the future, and that renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress, prosperity, and security of the United States--now and in the future. ent, conservation, and development of the Nation’s water, fish, wild- Editorial Assis sr. Jr. Compositors: Photograph Credits: Page by for each photograph in this issue. the Service's file and the photographers are unknown, tants: Ruth V. Keefe and Jean Zalevsky Compositor; Alma Greene Donna K, Wallace and Marjorie McGlone Kk ook ok OK OK page, the following list gives the source or photographer Photographs on pages not mentioned were obtained from P, 39--U. 8. Coast Guard; p. 40--Virginia Fisheries Laboratory, Gloucester Point, Va.; p. 73--Consulate General of the Nether- lands, New York, N. Ne Dota. CNaabr For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S$. Government Printing Office, Washington, D, C. 20402. Price 60 cents (single copy). Subscription Price: $5.50 a year; $2 additional for foreign mailing. December 1963 Washington, D. C. Vol. 25, No. 12 COI .w,S EE LS AN ELECTROMECHANICAL FISHING AND COUNTING FENCE USED IN IRELAND Julius Rockwell, Jr.* ABSTRACT On Ireland's River Shannon salmon are fished by a large permanent weir which contains fish traps. The weir extends across the river and a carefully regulated es- capement is counted through at frequent intervals during the entire run. Electric counting devices are used to count the escapement and electric shocking devices are used to kill the fish taken. INTRODUCTION Salmon are permitted to escape to upriver fisheries and spawning, and a regulated per- centage is then killed electrically after being caught in stationary traps inthe River Shannon at Thomond near the southwest coast of Ireland. This installation of the Electricity Supply Board of Ireland is of particular interest because the most effective regulation of a salmon stock is possible when the escapement to an individual river can be carefully controlled. The principle of controlled fishing of the river mouth is similar to one employed by the Soviets and described previously in Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1957 p. 32. The fence or weir of this Shannon fishery extends completely across the river and con- tains traps in which are electric fishing or electric fish-counting equipment. The river at Thomond is moderately large being in the order of 180-300 cubic meters per second. The annual run to the Shannon has been estimated to be 20,000 salmon a year of which approximately 13,000 reach the weir. Of these latter the Electric- ity Supply Board, which owns the fish- ery, takes 28 percent for commercial purposes. In Ireland the fishing rights are private property and go with the land on the river shore. Excerpts from a series of personal letters from S. Drummond Sedgwick, former Fish- eries Manager of the Electricity Sup- ply Board, and J. A. Williams, his successor, describe the installation in greater detail. The individual photo- graphs were supplied by the writers Fig. 1 - The Thomond counting fence and salmon fishing weir on the River E i : Shannon in Ireland. The weir gantry raises the counters and trap floors. indicated, from the files of the Elec- Salmon are counted through traps and 28 percent are removed as the catch. tricity Supply Board. "One of our fisheries employs a counting fence of which I enclose photographs (fig. 1). This is a very heavy arrangement spanning a wide river and is used for commercial fishing *Fishery Research Biologist, Biological Laboratory, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Washington, D, C. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 695 2 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 12 as well as for counting. The entire run of Atlantic salmon entering the river is counted con- tinuously and a proportion of them (28 percent at present) are taken commercially by con- trolled trapping. The traps are fitted with electrodes which kill the fish instantaneously when the traps are fished (figs.5and6). This counting fence is in fresh water but there is a tidal change of up to 15 feet. This leads to considerable complication in underwater (counting) gear using a standard tube-type detector tunnel. Arrangements had to be made for the tunnel to rise and fall according to tide changes if the fish were to find it easily on the levels in which they were moving. In fact, as you know, the fish tend to move against the current, consequent- ly it was found that a wide change in settings of the detector tunnel was not required. The flow of the river is very strong at this point... and the (hydraulic) action of the tube itself under maximum flows presented some obStacle to fish. (Sedgwick, May 20, 1958.) "The figure of 28 percent was arrived at in rather a strange way. There was a weir fishery for salmon near the site of the pres- ent counting and catching device. This old fishery operated on the standard British meth- od of cruive fishing. A number of traps were built into a stone wall extending across the river; at the point of maximum flow a statu- tory gap equal to one-third of the width of the river had to be left as a free passage for salmon. The number of fish taken in thetraps depended on a proportion of the run of fish passing in the weir finding their way into the traps rather than through the gap. When the new fishing weir was built it was decided, arbitrarily, to count all the fish passing through the weir and to take one-third of the total commercially. The method of arriving at the correct number of fish to catch was Fig. 2 - Top of weir. This gantry runs on rails across the top of C weir. Four traps are visible in the foreground. Note light worked out retrospectively. For example, safety screens in position on the gantry. These operate inter- 200 salmon were visually counted as they lock switches so that the killing apparatus cannot be switched On tinal Recor 23a esetony: swam through the port opened in the weir over a white painted plate. The gap was then closed and the entrances to traps in other parts of the weir were opened. These fished until approxi- mately 100 salmon had been caught, the trap entrances were then closed and counting began. At the weekends the weir is not allowed to fish commercially for forty-eight hours. During this period, the fish are visually counted. The number of fish that have passed during the weekend are allowed to count towards the percentage catch permitted in the subsequent week. If the requisite percentage cannot be caught in the subsequent week it is not permittedto carry- over the remainder into a following week. The Electricity Supply Board of Ireland who con- structed the fishing weir at Thomond also had other rights for salmon fishing in the estuary of the river. These rights permitted the use of pound nets very similar to the type used on the Miramichie in New Brunswick. When Thomond Weir was built, the Electricity Supply Board waived its right to operate the fixed nets. Shortly after the last war the Board decided to start fishing again with the fixed nets. It was then decided to reduce the percentage from one-third to 28 percent in compensation for the reduced number of fish which might reach Thomond, (Sedgwick, November 22, 1960.) "Up until eighteen months ago, only one electronic counter was inuse. This was sited to pass clean through the fishing weir grids so that fish could swim freely upstream through the counter. The fish used the counter satisfactorily although it represented only 1 yard of width in a distance of approximately 150 yards. At times when large numbers of fish were running, the electronic counter was assisted by visual counting. The weir is at the head of tide and is in fact subject to a very considerable tidal rise and fall although the water is fresh. There is, therefore, a reverse flow through the weir at high tide. It has been found from ex- perience that salmon do not make any attempt to pass through the weir or even to run up to it from approximately half flood to half ebb, consequently the periods in which counting was re- December 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 3 quired are materially reduced. The main purpose of the electronic counter was to avoid the necessity for employing staff on visual counting at weekends. ... It should be clearly under- stood that the fish to be counted are not trapped in any way, but are counted as they swim free- ly through gaps or through the electronic counter in the weir. While counting is in progress the traps are closed and fish cannot enter them. It is only when a worthwhile number of salm- on have passed through the weir that the counter arrangements are closed off and the fish en- ter the traps. (Sedgwick, November 22, 1960.) "The weir was completed in 1940. Originally, prior to hydro-electric development, the Shannon had a very much larger run of salmon, probably in the region of 50,000 to 100,000 fish a year. The effect of the hydro-electric scheme was to divert the river from its old course; no fish pass was provided on the diversion, salmon entered the diversion in thousands in the initial years and found nowhere to spawn. Eventually, practically speaking, the entire middle and upper reaches of the river became denuded of a stock of salmon. My own work in Ireland was primarily to seek to restore the run of salmon, involved the design and con- struction of a new fish lift on the diversion side of the river and the construction of a salmon smolt rearing station and hatchery. The hatchery has a capacity of approximately 6 million eggs and the rearing station of approximately 500,000 parr. The hatchery and rearing station are being used to repopulate the middle and upper reaches of the river. (Sedgwick, Novem- ber 22, 1960.) "The new fish pass on the Shannonis working welland salmonare now reaching upstream, spawning in middle and headwater tributaries where none have been seen for 30 years." (Sedgwick, November 22, 1960.) MAIN FLOW OF RIVER ISOLATING TRANSFORMER A,B,C,D AND & ARE ELECTRODES ON TRAP FLOOR WIRES ARE INSULATED Fig. 3 - Schematic wiring diagram for shocking electrodes, An isolation transformer confines the electric field to the vicinity of the electrodes, The voltage gradients are sufficient to stun the Fig. 4 - Reaction of salmon after switching on power. The sur- fish between pairs C and D and A and B, and to kill them between face gradient of 80 volts per meter (with a load of 4 amperes) is E and A and B, sufficient to kill in 15 seconds. J. A. Williams, in June 1961, supplied further information: "As regards the weir, this replaced an old weir on the River Shannon which was probably there since pre-historic times. The new weir is, generally speaking, a modern version of an old weir which was in operation until 1935. The type of salmon trapused is basically the same. In principle, the trap consists of two sets of screens spanning between adjacent piers, one at the upstream end of the piers and the other at the downstream end, These screens have ope bar spacing except the special 'V' shaped screen in the centre of the downstream set which has one central opening 52'' wide. Salmon enter the traps through this 53'' opening and lie with their noses against the upstream screens. They are removed from the traps when they are required for marketing. As you know, a salmon weir in Ireland usually extends right across the river from bank to bank except for the free gap which, according to Law, must occupy at least 1/10th of the width of the river and must be placed in the most favourable location for the passage of salmon. The weir then consists of a number of trap gaps covering the known 4 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 12 passage where salmon normally run, the free gap (this is sometimes known as the King's gap or the Queen's gap) and a number of stop gaps which block off the remaining section of the river. In order to use the weir as a scientific tool of fisheries management, permission was obtained by the Board to block the free gap and instead all fish are counted as they arrive at the weir. This counting is sometimes carried out by visual observation of the fish passinga white board and sometimes by an electronic counter. The fish are not stopped or taken out or handled in any way. The recording is to all intents and purposes automatic. 72 percent of the 'run' are released upstream for propagation purposes and for angling. The remaining 28 percent are marketed. Special trays with mechanical lifting equipment are provided in the traps for the purpose of lifting fish out. All the screens are interchangeable so that the posi- tion of the traps can be altered at any time if considered necessary. In recent years new smaller screens 13'' wide are used in the summer in the traps, except in the heck and inscales i.e. the 'V' shaped section, as it was found that some of the smaller grilse in the Shannon were able to pass through the 2'' gaps. As a further effort in improving the efficiency of the weir, in June 1956 experiments were carried out to determine the most suitable method of killing fish using the lowest voltage in the shortest time possible. The electrical equipment was installed in the crane-house for raising and lowering the trays and electrodes were placed on the trays in the traps. Final tests showed that 380 volts was most effective and operated in 15 seconds, and this arrangement was decided upon for future use. The fish, therefore, in the weir are killed electrically and as they are in first class condition, they commond top prices in the salmon markets. (Williams, July 14, 1961.) 2 To eliminate the possibility of anyone entering the gantry or trap while killing was in progress, electrical protection was devised. The system of electrodes has given continuous satisfaction." (Williams, July 14, 1961.) Patrick J. Sharkey of Dublin, who installed the electrical equipment, writes that isolation transformers are used to insure that trash screens and other metal fittings do not become part of the circuit (fig. 3). Photographs of the Electricity Supply Board illustrate further de- tails (figs. 2, 4, 7, and 8). Fig. 5 - Salmon just after killing on trap floor. The trap is in Fig. 6 - Trap floor. The electrodes for killing fish are energized the down position, to 380 volts by an alternating current, Electric fish counters have been under operational development for a number ofyears in Scotland (Lethlean 1953), Ireland (Jackson 1953), Japan (Suetake 1955), and in the United States (Rockwell and Chur 1959; vanHaagen 1959; vanHaagen and Rockwell 1960). Describing those counters J. A. Williams writes. "As regards the electronic fish counters, these have been pioneered in Ireland by the Board and a small electronic firm. Information is required on the movements of fish in the December 1963 ; COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 5 Fig. 7 - Raised trap. The trap floor is raised after kill. Note Fig. 8 - Control panel of shocking apparatus. The warning lights electrodes. The safety screen is in a raised position. and the controls for the electrical killing apparatus (top left- hand corner) are located in the control cabin of the gantry. fish passes of the Board's hydro dams and all the fish passes have been equipped with elec- tronic counters, You are no doubt familiar with the counter designed by Mr. Lethlean in Scotland, The Board's counters are rather similar to some extent. The counter, therefore, was specially developed for use in the Borland-type fish pass. The under-water fish detect- ing part of the installation takes the form of a channel secured to the upstream Side of the escape Sluice of the pass. This channel is 6 ft. long, 3 ft. wide and 18 inches deep. Three brass electrodes are fitted transversely at 1 ft. 8 ins. centres in the end of the channel re- mote from the gate. These electrodes sensitise about 16 cubic feet of water in the channel. Fish passing through the sensitive area of water cause electrical currents to be fed into the counting instrument via the interconnecting cable. From the sequence in which these cur- rents arrive and from their magnitude, the instrument can (a) sense the direction in which fish are moving, for example, upstream or downstream, and (b) determine the size of the fish. These currents from the under-water gear are henceforth referred to as signals, Spu- rious signals due to wave action in the reservoir or arising from the automatic level control equipment on the gate will not interfere with the proper functioning of the instrument or cause it to make up false counts. The counter is uni-directional and will not operate on descending fish or on incomplete passages by either ascending or descending fish. Kelts tailing down- stream into the sensitive area of water and sawing backwards and forwards across the elec- trodes will not cause a succession of false counts as the instrument is designed to lock-off under these conditions, Frequently as many as 100 fish may be raised to reservoir level in a Single operation of the lift. As soon as the water level in the stilling pool permits, the salm- on escape across the sill of the sluice gate, through the counter channel and into the open wa- ters of the reservoir. When such large numbers are lifted, salmon go through the channel in rapid succession and the counter must be able to deal with them at the rate of 5 per second. The counter instrument itself may be divided into 5 units, the bridge energizing oscillator, the amplifier, the bridge circuits, logic circuits, and the power supply. The counters, which were designed originally experimentally, are now working very satisfactorily and give the Board a fairly accurate indication of the runs of fish at the various passes, This information is vital in fisheries management." The method of escapement regulation illustrated is similar in principle to one used in Russia (Chernigan 1956, and U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries 1957) for both provide methods of fishing the stocks of separate rivers separately, and provide incentive for more effective river management. 6 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 12 LITERATURE CITED CHERNIGAN, N. F. 1956. A New Method of Catching Fish. Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 32, no. 2 (February), pp. 22-29 (In Russian). Translated into English by Emily R. Moe, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Commercial Fisher- ies, Biological Laboratory (Seattle), Translation Series No. 31, 11 pp. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, U. S. 1957. A New Technique for Electrical Fishing. Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 19, no. 7 (July), pp. 32-34. JACKSON, P. A. 1953, A Simple Type of Fish Counter. Salmon and Trout Mag., no. 138, pp. 170-171. LETHLEAN, N. G. 1953, An Investigation Into the Design and Performance of Electric Fish-Screens and An Electric Fish Counter, Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, vol. 62, part II (no. 13), pp. 479-526, 25 fig. 2 pl. ROCKWELL, JULIUS, Jr., and SUNG PAL CHUR 1959, An Underwater Observation Chamber. Progressive Fish- Culturist, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 131-134. SUETAKE, TOSHIO 1955. On the Recording Equipment Taking a Count of Salmon Numbers by the Utilization of Photoelectric Cell (Pre- liminary Note). (In Japanese). Scientific Reports of the Hokkaido Fish Hatchery, vol. 10 (1/2), pp. 73- 81. (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Translation Series No. 28). vanHAAGEN, R. H. 1959. Bi-directional Electric Counting System. United States Patent No, 2,893,633, 6 pp. , and JULIUS ROCKWELL, Jr. 1960. Directional Fish Counter for Field Use. Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 342- 343, CONSERVATION THOUGHT When birdlife is not present on the land and when fish are not present in our waters it is an indication that Man is not making proper use of his natural resources. more wildlife as well as more farms, factories, and cities, if we include wildlife in our planning. Federal and State Agencies have authority in conservation matters but responsibility rests with the people. Wise use of natural resources is possible only when people understand and apply the rules and practices that are needed. That is why conservation is taught in our schools. We can have Conservation begins with land and water and public support. Helping adjust fisheries and wildlife resources Gyn to food and recreational needs of the Nation sy . is the task of the Fish and Wildlife Service SOE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE S U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR December 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 7 SCOPE RATIO-DEPTH RELATIONSHIPS FOR BEAM TRAWL, SHRIMP TRAWL, AND OTTER TRAWL By Walter T. Pereyra* ABSTRACT The scope ratio-depth relationships for three types of trawls used during demersal fish and shellfish resource surveys by Bureau of Commercial Fisheries vessels in the eastern North Pacific are summarized. The three types of trawls used were a 20-foot beam trawl, 43-foot Gulf of Mexico shrimp trawl and a 400-mesh fish trawl. Force factors that influence the choice of optimum scope ratios include towing speed, ten- sion (drag) at the end of the towing cable, sea condition, weight of the gear, and weight of the cable. An increase in magnitude of speed, tension, or sea conditions make necessary a larger scope ratio, whereas an increase in the weight of gear or cable tends to allow a reduction in the ratio. The scope ratio-depth relationships are different for each of the three types of gear studied. At depths of less than 150 fathoms the shrimp trawl required the highest ratio and the fish trawl the lowest. INTRODUCTION Despite the vast amount of trawling that is done around the world, published information on scope ratios!/ employed is scanty. The most detailed account to date is given by Kullen- berg (1951), who discusses the computations used to describe the shape relationships of the trawling cable used aboard the Swedish deep-sea research vessel, Albatross. This paper is very theoretical and, thus, would be of limited practical value. Gourock's (1961) practical book on deep-sea trawling recommends warp in the amount of three times the depth of water, plus one extra length2. for luck. Thus, if fishing at a depth of 50 fathoms, 175 fathoms of warp would be used. Based on actual measurements in 9.3 fathoms of water, de Boer (1957) recommends a scope ratio of about 5.5:1. Other accounts given by Bullis (1951), Miyamoto (1957), Saito (1957), and Wathne (1959) point out the need for greater scope ratios in shallow water, and Miyamoto (1957) gives the equation F = (3 + ey D for determining the length of warp (F) needed at any depth (D). Since 1949, the Seattle Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research Base of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries has conducted more than 60 cruises along the Pacific coast from northern Mexico to the Arctic Circle. Of these cruises, 28 have been demersal fish and shell- fish trawl surveys. Survey results have been published in various journals to provide fisher - men with data on the distribution and relative abundance of latent marine resources in this region; but the range of scope ratios used by depth has not been reported. Therefore, this paper is presented to provide a summary of the successful scope ratio2’ used during demer- sal fish and shellfish surveys conducted from the Seattle Base. This information should be of particular value as vessels are equipped with greater lengths of cable, thereby permitting fishing activities at depths greater than those now being exploited. VESSELS AND GEAR VESSELS: Vessels used to conduct the surveys and collect the data for this report were: the M/V John N. Cobb, the Bureau's 93-foot exploratory fishing vessel (Ellson, 1950); the M/V Commando, a 65-foot purse seine-type research vessel chartered by the Bureau from the College of Fisheries, University of Washington; and the chartered 75-foot schooner -type %* Fishery Biologist, Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research Base, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Seattle, Wash. 1/Scope ratio is the ratio of trawling cable out to water depth. 2/In this situation a length is equal to 25 fathoms. . 3/A successful scope ratio pertains to the ratio used for a drag that was considered to have fished properly (i. e. the gear was on bottom and performed in a normal manner). U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 696 8 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No, 12 vessel, Tordenskjold (Greenwood, 1958). All of these vessels employed $-inch diameter tow- ing cable. GEAR: Whereas various types of gear have been used throughout the years in carrying out exploratory operations, scope ratio data pertaining to only three (20-foot beam trawl, 43- foot Gulf of Mexico shrimp trawl, and 400-mesh otter trawl) were summarized for this re- port. The 20-foot beam trawl was used in connection with the original shellfish explorations in southeastern Alaskan waters. It is described in detail by Ellson and Livingstone (1952). A single towing cable was used to fish this gear. The shrimp trawl data were taken from drags made with a 43-foot Gulf of Mexico-type flat shrimp trawl (Schaefers and Johnson, 1957). The doors used with this trawl measured 23 by 5 feet and weighed approximately 160 pounds each, For drags deeper than 500 fathoms approximately 150 pounds of steel plate was added to the bottom of the doors. Like the beam trawl, the shrimp trawl was towed with a single cable. Doubling the available length of fish- able cable by connecting the towing cables end to end permitted operation of the trawl at depths greater than 500 fathoms. The otter trawl has been used primarily in bottom.fish surveys along the Pacific coast. Both the 400-mesh Western-type (Alverson, 1951) and the 400-mesh Eastern-type (Green- wood, 1958) have been used. The doors used with these trawls were larger and heavier than the shrimp trawl doors, measuring 4 by 8 feet and weighing approximately 850 pounds each. The 400-mesh otter trawl was towed with two cables, one to each door, instead of a single cable as with the shrimp and beam trawls. DATA Only data for successful drags are included in this report. These data were taken from John N. Cobb cruises 9, 13, 15, 18, 24-26, 29, 37-40, 44, 48, 50, and 52-54; Commando cruises 1-5; and Tordenskjold cruise 32, Scope ratios were calculated from the amount of cable out and the water depth at the time of setting. Inspection of the data revealed that the scope ratios did not differ greatly among the ves- sels when similar gear and depth were fished. Therefore, the data from the three vessels were combined. Since the manner of fishing the 400-mesh Eastern and Western-type trawls was similar, the data for these gear were combined. RESULTS A summarization of scope ratio data for 133 beam trawl drags, 288 shrimp trawl drags and 429 otter trawl drags is presented in table. Graphical representations of the scope ra- tio-depth relationships of these data are shown in figure 1. The shrimp trawl was used over the great- est range of depth, 15 to 1,000 fathoms. No drags were made at depths between 275 and 599 fathoms. Average scope ratios ranged from 5.3:1 to 1.7:1. The beam trawl was fished at depths from 21 to 151 fathoms wit scope ratios ranging from 5.0:1 to 2,2:1,.4 Depths fished with the otter trawl ranged be- tween 10 and 550 fathoms with scope ratios : : a : ; . 4 ; ranging between 4.7:1 and 1.5:1. Since no : Fa SSO eRWIN Datatieed eae thes canes Ware accurate measurements were made of towing itera inva esi speeds, it has been assumed that they were enerally equivalent. 4/The restriction of this gear to inshore shrimp explorations accounts for the lack of drags at depths greater than 151 fathoms. 5 9 z S 8 g December 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 9 Summary of Successful Scope Ratio Observations for 133 Beam Trawl, 288 Shrimp Trawl, and 429 Otter Trawl Drags Shrimp Trav | Otter Trawl Average Average Average [Depth Interval | No. Range of No. | Range of 3° ! Depth Interval| _No. Range of g (Fathoms) | Drags | Scope Ratios Score Drags | Scope Ratios acope (Fathoms) Drags | Scope Ratios Scone - 2 5.0 -5.3 Dele O- 19 11 2.9 - 4.7 Bots) 4.1 6 2.9 -5.0 3.8 20 - 29 16 2.9 - 3.8 Ao} Boek 8 3.0 -5.4 4.2 30 - 39 13 2.8 - 4.3 3.2 3.4 5 3.4 -5.7 4.3 40 - 49 12 2.8 - 3.7 3.2 3.0 14 3.1 - 4.3 3.8 50 - 59 19 2.5 - 3,5 3.0 3.1 27 3.0 - 4.0 3.5 60 - 69 15 2.5 - 3.4 3.0 2.8 29 3.1-4,3 3.4 70 - 79 11 Cae Ei) 2.8 2.8 20 2.9 - 3.8 3.3 80 - 89 16 2.3 - 3.0 2.7 etl 26 2.6 - 4.0 Bri3) 90 - 99 12 Does? Dot 2.6 33 3.0 -4.1 E145} 100 - 109 46 vl AS Orth 27 2.8 - 3.8 32! 110 - 119 21 1.9 - 3,0 2.4 12 2.8 - 3.5 30 120 - 129 34 2.1 - 3.4 ell 2.6 10 oe) SES 3a! 130 - 139 17 2.1 - 3.0 Boil 8 2.9 -3.8 BOC 140 - 149 12 2.2 -2.8 Za5 16 2.6 - 3.4 3.0 150 - 169 22 2.0 - 3.0 2.6 4 2.8 - 3.2 Boa 170 - 189 15 1.9 -2.9 2.4 13 2.9 - 3.2 3.0 190 - 209 25 2.0 - 3.0 Bae) U 2.2 - 3.1 2.8 210 - 229 19 2.0 - 2.7 2.2 1 - 2.8 230 - 249 13 6S Bos) 2.2 5 = - 250 - 289 22 1.9 - 2,6 ded 2 2.0 2.0 290 - 329 22 1.8 -2.5 2.2 1 i59 330 - 369 8 IGE) 755) 2.0 3 1.8 - 2.1 ioe) 370 - 409 16 ey 5) 2.0 3 1.8 - 1.9 1.8 410 - 449 3 1 Ox—e le) 1.8 1 - AYA 450 - 489 6 1,9 - 2,0 2,0 | 490 - 529 - - - 530 - 569 3 1.5 -1.9 1.7 DISCUSSION FACTORS AFFECTING SCOPE RATIOS: Consideration of the force factors affecting the choice of a scope ratio is important in understanding the observed relationships. Factors that influence this choice include towing speed, tension (drag) at the end of the towing cable, sea conditions, weight of the gear, and weight of the cable. Consideration of several of these factors is given by Pode (1950 and 1951), An increase in magnitude of speed, tension, or sea condition makes necessary a larger scope ratio, whereas an increase in the weight of gear or cable tends to allow a reduction. It is the resultant of all the above forces that determines the optimum scope ratio required. RELATIONSHIPS: As can be seen in figure 1, the scope ratio-depth relationships for the three types of gear differ. At depths where all three gear have been fished (shallower than 150 fathoms), the shrimp trawl required the highest ratios and the otter trawl the lowest. The low terminal tension of the shrimp trawl (as compared to the tension of the otter trawl) indicated that a lower scope ratio could be used successfully; however, higher ratios were needed to keep the gear on bottom due to the light weight of doors and single warp towing. The otter trawl, with heavier doors and double warp towing, required a smaller scope ratio to fish successfully, even though the terminal tension was greatest for this gear. The added weight of cable (double cable towing) and the heavier doors more than compensated for the greater terminal tension and allowed smaller scope ratios than were needed with the sin- gle cable shrimp and beam trawl operations. The beam trawl, towed with one cable, had the least terminal tension. Therefore, it did not require scope ratios as high as the shrimp trawl. As the depth of water increased, the scope ratio needed to keep the gear on bottom de- creased (figure 1), This decrease was due primarily to the added weight of cable used in deeper water. Also, the high ratio, used in shallow water to compensate for the action of the swell and to keep the doors adequately spread (Wathne, 1959), was not needed in deeper water. 10 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 12 Since the deep-water scope ratios used for the gear discussed in this report were less than 3:1, the equation of Miyamoto (1957) gives scope ratios which are probably in excess of the optimum needed in deeper water. i 5 M z : 3 Fig. 2 - Graph for determining the amount of cable (scope) needed at any depth to get a desired scope ratio. Shaded portion indicates the range which has proved successful for the 400-mesh otter trawl during exploratory surveys. As water currents and sea conditions warranted, ratios were altered from the average. For instance, when dragging against or across strong currents or when sea conditions were ''lumpy'' on the shal- lower grounds, high ratios were used. When towing in deeper water withmore cable out, the total drag was greater. There- fore, the engine r.p.m.'s were increased to maintain optimum fishing speed. A quick means of determining the a- mount of cable needed to get a desired scope ratio is graphically presented in figure 2, By knowing the scope ratio which is desired at a particular depth, one simply follows this ratio line to determine the a- mount of cable needed at a particular depth in order to get the desired ratio. It should be noted that the scope ratio data presented are empirical and that no calcula- tions were used to determine optimum values. Therefore, they do not necessarily represent the maximum or minimum which could be used successfully. LITERATURE CITED ALVERSON, DAYTON L, 1951. Deep-Water Trawling Survey Off the Coast of Wash- ington (August 27-October 19, 1951), Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 13, no. 11 (November), pp. 1-16. (Separate No. 292.) BULLIS, H. R. 1951. Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Trawl Designs, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fishery Leaflet 394 (Septem- ber), 16 pp. de BOER, P, A. 1957, Trawl Gear Measurements Obtained by Underwater Instruments. Modern Fishing Gear of the World, Fishing News (Books) Ltd., London, pp. 225-233. ELLSON, J. G. 1950, The Exploratory Fishing Vessel John N. Cobb. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fishery Leaflet 385 (Octo- ber), 11 pp. and ROBERT LIVINGSTONE, Jr. 1952, The John N. Cobb's Shellfish Explorations in Certain Southeastemm Alaskan Waters, Spring 1951. Com- mercial Fisheries Review, vol. 14, no. 4 (April), ppe 1-20. (Separate No. 311.) GOUROCK ROPEWORK CoO, Ltd. 1961, Deep Sea Trawling and Wing Trawling. The Gou- tock Ropework Co. Ltd., Port Glasgow, Scotland, 106 pp. GREENWOOD, MELVIN R. 1958, Bottom Trawling Explorations off Southeastern Alaska, 1956-1957. Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 29, no. 12 (December), pp. 9-12. (Separate No. 398.) KULLENBERG, B. 1951. On the Shape and Length of the Cable During Trawling. Report of the Swedish Deep Sea Expedition, vol. 2, Zoology, no. 2, pp. 30-44. MIYAMOTO, H. 1957. On the Relation Between Otter Traw] Gear and Towing Power. Modern Fishing Gear of the World, Fishing News (Books) Ltd., London, pp. 248-250. PODE, LEONARD 1950. A Method of Determining Optimum Lengths of Towing Cables. Navy Department, The David W. Taylor Model Basin, Report 717 (April), 14 pp. 1951, Tables forComputing the Equilibrium Configuration of a Flexible Cable in a Uniform Stream. Navy Depart- ment, The David W. Taylor Model Basin, Report 687. SAITO, ICHIRO 1957, Studies on the Fishing Ground, Fishing Gears, andFish- ing Technique in One-Boat Medium Trawl Fishery. Memoirs of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido Uni- versity, vol. 5, no. 1. SCHAEFERS, EDWARD A,, and HAROLD C, JOHNSON 1957. Shrimp Explorations Off the Washington Coast, Fall 1955 and Spring 1956, Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 19, no, i (January), pp. 9-25. (Separate No. 465.) WATHNE, FREDERICK 1959, Observations on Trawl-Door Spread and a Discussion of Influencing Factors. Commercial Fisheries Re- view, vol. 21, no. 10 (October), pp. 7-15. (Sepa- rate No, 563.) December 1963 as a> g Ss Alaska FOREIGN FISHING ACTIVITIES IN BERING SEA AND GULF OF ALASKA: There was a progressive reduction in the number of foreign fishing vessels operating in the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska during September 1963, mainly with the Japanese, Several of the long-line fleets were reportedly scheduled to have returned to Japan. By month's end an estimated 130 Japanese and 70 Soviet vessels were believed to be fishing in the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska. Most of the Soviet trawl fleet moved south from the Portlock Bank area until major ef- forts were concentrated on Albatross Bank east of Kodiak Island. That fleet appeared to be the bulk of the Soviet fishing effort and was composed of about 30 SRT trawlers, 2 SRT-R trawlers, 3 BMRT trawlers, 8 refrigerator ships, and a few support vessels. Japanese fisheries efforts were rapidly drawing to a close in the Bering Sea as ves- sels departed for the home islands. The two king crab fleets reportedly may extend their scheduled departure dates as they were be- hind in their quota, The Japanese fleet in wa- ters adjacent to Alaska during September was estimated to be about 130 vessels of alltypes. Foreign fishing activities off Alaska were curtailed even more by mid-October, From a high of more than 400 Soviet and Japanese vessels engaged in the fisheries during July, the foreign fleet strengths dwindled to about 45 vessels in October, Shrimp fishing north and west of the Pribilof Islands was then the sole remaining Japanese fishery in the east- ern Bering Sea. Nearly 200 other Japanese vessels which were harvesting king crab, whales, Pacific ocean perch, cod, and flat- fishes returned to their home bases, Japa- nese operations in the Gulf of Alaska during October were restricted to two stern ramp factory trawlers fishing off southeast Kodiak Island. Observations of those trawlers showed COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 11 =!1REN DS = = = AND EDEVELO PMENTS £ they were catching mainly Pacific ocean perch that they were intermittently serviced by various types of support vessels. The Soviet trawling fleet operating near Kodiak Island in October had diminished to less than 15 vessels, in contrast to over 150 vessels in the same area during July. It was anticipated that the Soviets will follow a pat- tern similar to previous years, returning to fish the eastern Bering Sea later in the win- ter when the edges of the pack ice have ad- vanced to the fishing grounds and can beused for protection from the frequent storms in that area, Oy Eh Op Oe nid mes EM Eis SOVIET TRAWLERS AGAIN FORCE ABANDONMENT OF KODIAK KING CRAB GROUNDS: In September 1962 Soviet trawlers invaded grounds off Kodiak being fished by United States king crab fishermen, The resulting losses of stationary king crab pot gear to mo- bile Soviet trawls generated a storm of pro- test from United States fishermen, congres- sional delegations, and the press. Highlosses of expensive crab pots caused many fisher- men to make threats of armed retaliation, However, there was no evidence that the So- viet fishermen were taking any species other than Pacific ocean perch, In September 1963,a similar situation a- rose when Soviet trawlers moved inshore and began bottom trawling around and through United States crab fishermen's gear, This time, however, the evidence appeared conclu- sive that the Soviets were taking king crab in commercial quantities in the vicinity of Alitak Bay and the Trinity Islands south of Kodiak. Kk ook ok ole ok SOVIET VESSELS LEAVE CRAB GROUNDS WHEN U. S. PATROLS ARRIVE: Alaskans aboard the United States king crab vessels stated that the Soviets were de- 12 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW liberately damaging and destroying gear used by the Americans, It was reported that the Soviets appeared to be very blatant about it and seemed completely undisturbed by the presence of a U.S. Coast Guard patrol air- craft flying overhead observing and taking photographs of their harassment activities. United States fishermen, Coast Guard person- nel, and Bureau of Commercial Fisheries agents observed Soviet vessels taking king crab. Documented evidence and films of the Soviet operations were forwarded to Wash- ington, D.C. The Coast Guard Cutters Winona and Storis were dispatched from the Bering Sea Patrol to the scene, with the Winona arriving there on September 7 and the Storis on September 8. When the Winona arrived, the staff aboard found United States and Soviet vessels inter- mingling in the international waters west of Low Cape on the south end of Kodiak Island. Soviet fishing vessels left the immediate area off Kodiak on September 7 when the Coast Guard Cutter Winona appeared on the scene. United States crab fishermen were indignant at the apparently deliberate and ruthless de- struction-of their expensive gear and asense of impending violence could be felt in the Ko- diak area as threats reached fever pitch. sk ok ook oe mk ook ook ook oe U.S. PROTESTS SOVIET KING CRAB TRAWLING OFF KODIAK ISLAND: The State Department advised Alaska's Governor that it had lodged a protest with the Soviet Embassy in Washington over Soviet trawling on United States king-crab fishing grounds off Kodiak Island, The Deputy Under Secretary of State, informed Governor Egan in a wire that the matter had been taken up with the Soviet Embassy and that they had agreed to take the complaint to Moscow im- mediately. (Alaska Empire.) SRO A Os ath Cue mC Ee FOREIGN FISHING FLEETS TARGET OF KODIAK MEETING: Kodiak fishermen met with the Alaska At- torney General on September 14 concerning their complaints that Soviet fishermen were interfering with the Kodiak king crab vessels. Eight captains of fishing vessels who had dif- ficulty with the Soviet trawlers were flown to Kodiak for public hearings in the District Magistrate's court. The meeting was called to allow the Attorney General to gather testi- Vol. 25, No. 12 mony and was organized by the Kodiak Island Advisory Committee to the Alaska Board of Fish and Game, The Kodiak crab industry appealed to Alaska's Governor for support after Soviet vessels entered king crab waters off the southwest tip of Kodiak, Se se kok ok *k 3k OOK Ok ok BERING SEA PATROL ACTIVITIES DIMINISHED: Fisheries patrols in the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska were reduced with the depar- ‘a j 5 a Ties Bureau's research vessel John R. Manning. ture of the Coast Guard Cutter Winona for her home port of Port Angeles, Wash. The Winona completed the final tour of intensified patrol which began with the Cutter Wachusett and was continued by the Klamath. The Coast Guard Cutter Storis was scheduled to complete the final phase of the joint Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries-Coast Guard fisheries patrol on October 1. The Bureau's research ves- sel John R, Manning was dispatched to the Kodiak king crab grounds to augment the di- minished Coast Guard surface patrol. Plans call for the assignment of two additional Coast Guard surface vessels on arotational basis from October through December 1963, to main- tain patrol of the king crab-fishing area off southwest Kodiak. INTER-AGENCY SALMON COUNCIL REVIEWS STATUS OF PACIFIC SALMON: The third meeting of the Inter-Agency Salmon Council Technical Committee was held in Portland, Oreg. Members from all of the December 1963 U.S. Pacific states and regions presented in- itial drafts of salmon status reports for their respective regions, Alaska's assignment in- cluded Karluk, Bristol Bay, Peninsula, and Aleutian Chain salmon runs. The reports are adapted to a simple format and will be com- bined to allow the salmon administrators to see ata glance the past and present condition of the important Pacific salmon runs. el otc tees le sie FISH PROCESSING ADVICE AVAILABLE FROM BUREAU'S KETCHIKAN TECHNOLOGICAL LABORATORY: Information on subjects such as a home preservation method for raw seal oil, making seafood products from seaweed, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, or a method for preparing sturgeon, is provided by a U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries technical advisor to the Alaska fishing industry. The technical advisor makes his headquarters at the Bu- reau's Technological Laboratory inKetchikan and his job is to provide expert advice on processing methods--canning, freezing, cur- ing, smoking--to Alaska's commercial proc- essors. To provide this service, he visits processors to answer their questions, to ob- serve their procedures, and to offer construc- tive criticism. In additionto advisory services, limited ap- plied research is conducted to solve specific processing problems revealed on field trips. One vexing problem in king crab isto develop canning procedures that will enable producers to more accurately predict the processed weight of crab meat ina can for a given raw meat input. For this purpose crab-canning experiments are in progress at the Ketchikan laboratory. Alaska seatood processors may contact the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Tech- nological Laboratory, 622 Mission Street, Ketchikan, Alaska, with their questions and processing problems. Solutions to techno- logical questions may not always be readily available but prompt replies to all inquiries will be made, KOK OK ke Os CRAB CATCH PROMISING FOR 1963: According to data tabulated by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, the king crab catch totaled 33.5 million pounds for the peri- od January-July 1963. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW The catch of Dungeness | 13 crab totaled about 5 million pounds for the same period. Data on the catches fora com- parable period in 1962 are not available. However, indications are that the 1963 Alaska crab catches will exceed the record king crab catch of 52.8 million pounds and the record Dungeness crab catch of 9 million pounds in 1962, Hk KOK ook ook ALASKA CANNED SALMON COMPARISONS: The total pack of salmon in 1963 will be about 2,676,000 cases, down approximately 734,000 cases or 22 percent when compared with the total 1962 pack of 3,410,000 cases, Southeastern Alaska's pack totaled 1,185,000 cases, in 1963, up 277,000 cases or 30 per- cent compared with the 1962 pack of 908,000 cases. Central Alaska packed 1,200,000 cases in 1963, down 789,000 cases or 40 percent from the 1962 pack of 1,989,000 cases. West- ern Alaska packed 291,000 cases in 1963, down 223,000 cases or 43 percent from the previous year's pack of 514,000 cases, The percentage composition of the Alaska salmon packs by species for the last 3 years were: Percentage Composition of Alaska Salmon Pack, 1961-63 2 1963 _ 1962 - ese ere (bercent)Pratiserce otek. doom Oo old ol0'6 5) 3 bse 5100.0) 0.01000 10 15.5 19.9 16.3 610 °D cy 050. 0.080 60.2 54.1 391 BNO) B.050.020, Oh0 18.1 21.6 40.4 ee ietlsbaal steed ie 4.7 Shull at) SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA SALMON FISHERIES: Most salmon canneries in the Ketchikan area of Southeastern Alaska closed for the 1963 season after small packs of only 40 to 70 thousand cases, These results were in sharp contrast to the very good seasons en- joyed by the canneries in the Northern pan- handle and on the West Coast of Prince of Wales Island where packs generally exceeded 100 thousand cases per plant. A number of seine boats of the Alaska fleet traveled south in 1963 tofish in Puget Sound where a very good seining season had been predicted. This move- ment extended the seasonal use of those vessels for several weeks and added needed income to several fishing communities. Late reports were that results were modest and most boats were to have returned to Alaskaby October 1. 14 ALASKAN SHRIMP FISHERIES AT CROSSROADS: Shrimp processors at Seldovia closed up their 1963 seasonal operation after reporting an increase in production of about 10,000 cases over the previous year's 35,000-case pack. At Seward, the firm producing shrimp logs was terminating operations until possibly March 1964 due to marketing difficulties. Other shrimp producers either closed shop or were producing at a restricted volume. One exception was a plant at Kodiak which has active plans to enter shrimp production con- centrating on side-stripe shrimp which are of larger size than the small Alaskan pinks. Tentative plans are to pay the fishermen 10 cents per pound for the side-striped shrimp. This increase of 6 cents per pound over the price paidfor pink shrimp is hoped to be suf- ficient to compensate for catch rates that are expected to be considerably lower than can be realized when fishing for the pinks. Waterfront rumors attribute the low cost of the Japanese shrimp for much of the dif- ficulties that the Alaskan producers are fac- ing. Other factors suchas the increased pro- duction of Indian shrimp, and the competition from higher quality domestic production are not often heard. oe ok OK OK OK NEW FIRM PLANNED FOR JUNEAU AREA: A newly formed corporation plans to proc- ess king crab, Dungeness crab, shrimp, and other seafoods in the Juneau area. The com- pany will continue operations started in 1962 by another firm. Thenewly formed corpora- tion hopes to purchase an old cannery at Douglas to house processing facilities and a cold-storage facility to handle the production of about ten fishing vessels. The manage- ment expects to employ about 25 to 30 plant workers. NEW FISHWAY ON KODIAK ISLAND OPENS LARGE SPAWNING AREA FOR SALMON: Completion of the Frazer Fishway on Ko- diak Island has made accessible to salmon one of the greatest potential red salmon pro- ducing areas in western Alaska, according to an announcement by the Commissioner of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. The fishway, constructed around the 33-foot Frazer Falls, opensupa5,000-acre rearing COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 12 area in the 72-square mile Frazer Lake wa- tershed. The falls had been an impassable barrier for salmon to the large basin. Biologists of the Department estimate that the once barren waters could produce as many as three million red salmon a year if all opti- mum conditions were met, It is expected, however, that the average yearly production will fall somewhat under that figure evenaft- er a population of optimum numbers of spawn- ing salmon has been built up. This will prob- ably take a period of years, The portable aluminum steep-pass used on the project was developed by the Director of Engineering for the Alaska Department. It was the first practical application of the adaptation of a lightweight shop prefabri- cated fishway that could be flown out to are- mote area and bolted together on the spot. (Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Octo- ber 15, 1963.) Department biologists have stocked Fra- zer Lake since 1951, 12 years prior to the construction, by various methods including eggs and spawning adult salmon. Todate, the transportation of adult fish from Red Riv- er Lake has proven the least expensive and most feasible method, The adult fish which returned to Frazer this year were the result of plants of eyed-eggs obtained from Karluk Lake five years ago. The purpose of the egg plants was twofold: (a) to determine whether Frazer Lake could raise red salmon satisfactorily; and (b), to build up a brood stock that would be estab- lished by the time money was available for laddering the falls. The topographic survey to select the best route for laddering the falls was made in July 1957. Two steep-pass fishways designated as A and C were installed side by side so that a comparison could be made of their over-all performance. The A type with verticalbaffles was first developed in 1957. It produces a cascading tumbling type of water actionsome- what slower than C's which produces a stream- ing type flow over baffles that have a 30 per- cent slope. Even without the completion of the effec- tive leads to guide the salmon into the ladder, which are scheduled for completion next spring, the fishpass was ascended by 2,500 red salmon and 3,000 pink salmon into Frazer December 1963 Lake during 1963. Of the red salmon, 65 per- cent preferred the A and 35 percent the C., Sixty-eight percent of the pinks used the C and 35 percent the A, The original concept for a steep-pass of this type was developed in Europe, the Direc- tor of Engineering for the Alaska Department said. It never caught on in the United States because many early experimenters failed to fully comprehend its basic operating princi- ples. The Engineering Director feels that it is with blocks of up to 10 feet of head that the steep-pass fishway will have its greatest ap- plication and that the 33 feet lift in 4 steps at Frazer Falls approaches its upper limits of economic usefulness, He does not intend the steep-pass to be a substitute for more conventional fish ladders such as those employed on the Columbia Riv- er. It was developed by the Department as an effective solution for installation at the host of low control barriers in wilderness areas where conventional construction would be dif- ficult and expensive. Such projects are in line with the State's program of enhancing our fisheries resources by improving and extend- ing the habitat for our salmon thus providing more fish for the future, the Commissioner of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game stated, == Alaska Fisheries Investigations KARLUK RED SALMON SPAWNING ESCAPEMENT HIGH FOR 1963: In spite of heavy August commercial fish- ery in the Karluk lagoon, the 1963 red salmon escapement into Karluk Lake was over 371,000 fish by mid-September. This will constitute a high spawning level in comparison with re- cent years, although over 500,000 red salmon spawned in the Karluk system in 1962, The usual fall spawning distribution occurred where most of the September spawners were observed in the terminal streams and on the lake beaches, HK Oe ee BROOKS STATION ECOLOGY STUDIES: Limnological and trace element experi- ments were continued at Brooks Station staff during September 1963. Early results sug- gest that deficiencies in cobalt, lithium, man- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 15 ganese, molybdenum, and vanadium are at times limiting primary productivity. Lake water sampling for detailed analyses was completed, The array of red salmon lakes sampled in 1963 are Nonvianuk, Kukaklek, Coville, Grosvenor, Tliuk Arm, Naknek Lake in South Bay and North Arm basins, Brooks, Becharof, Upper and Lower Ugashik, and Karluk, Studies on young red salmon and stickle- back utilizing holding pens in Brooks Lake have beenunder way in 1963. A careful in- ventory in early September showed that mor- talities of both species have been quite low. Initial comparison of fish from the different pens seems to indicate that intraspecific com- petition and not interspecific competition has influenced the growth of the young sockeye. Sockeye salmon adults from three major spawning waves were captured and the eggs spawned artificially. Over 100 Vibert plastic boxes were buried at specific times, each with 150 eggs. These egg samples have been recovered systematically after known calen- dar and thermal history. A set of preserved early embryological stages by 10 TU (Centi- grade Temperature Units) stages is nearly complete to the 300 TU stage. Boxes will be systematically recovered up to time of fry hatching, A thorough description of the macro and micro embryological development of the sockeye salmon is scheduled on the basis of these samples. Of greater importance is the utility of this information in determining the effects of superimposition, This phase of the egg study will be conducted in late October following the termination of spawning in Brooks River. COMMERCIAL SIZED KING CRAB MALES SCARCE ON ALBATROSS AND PORTLOCK BANKS: The tagging of king crabs aboard the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research vessel John R. Manning continued until she was assigned to other duties in mid-Septem- ber, In one month's effort, only about 600 males were tagged out of 3,500 crabs cap- tured. Large numbers of females were taken in pots, especially on Albatross Bank. Trawl- ing for crabs was not as productive as pot fishing. Severe storms hampered the opera- tions in early September. kk Kk 16 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW SOUTHEAST ALASKA PINK SALMON RUN SHOWS UNEXPECTED OCEAN MORTALITY: The total escapement of pink salmon to Sashin Creek at Little Port Walter was about 17,000, representing only 0.3 percent survival of the 5.94 million fry counted from the stream in spring 1962, Based on relationships be- tween numbers of fry migrating to sea in pre- vious years and numbers of adults returning, between 50 and 100 thousand adults were ex- pected. Causes of the unusually high marine mortality are unknown. It would appear, how- ever, that marine mortality may have been density dependent and that herring predation, which was observed in other brood years, was not the major factor because few herring were observed in the area in spring of 1962. Using Little Port Walter as a base of oper- ations, two weeks were spent in early Septem - ber fishing for juvenile pink salmon with long- line and floating surface round haul seine. The longline was effective for juvenile coho salmon, but not for pink salmon, HK KK Ks YOUNG PINK SALMON DISCOVERED MOVING TOWARDS OPEN OCEAN IN LARGE CONCENTRATION: ~ A concentration of immature pink salmon estimated to number in the millions was dis- covered near Little Port Walter and followed for 50 miles along the west shore of lower Chatham Strait. The rate of migration ofthis immense school gradually accelerated from 25 miles a day to over 6 miles a day during the final 3 days of observation, Pink salmon in this vast school ranged in body length from 125 to 220 millimeters, The most successful technique for catching them was on the flood tide near shore, Migrating schools were found to be at or near the surface and could be easily discovered by the jumping of indi- viduals out of the water. The population of young salmon seemed to be transported sea- ward by the movement of tides, During the flood tides, they maintained their position rel- ative to land; whereas during the ebb tides, they allowed themselves to be carried along by the outgoing water, Chum salmon juveniles comprised 5 to 10 percent of the salmon schools caught in the seine and averaged from 135 to 195 milli- meters in body length, This is the first known instance in which juvenile salmon of this age have been successfully observed and caught in large numbers, and the fishing technique Vol, 25, No. 12 developed represents a major advance in the quest for knowledge of salmon. Detailed studies on these early marine stages will be necessary to understand large unexpected ocean mortalities such as occurred with the present adult run at Little Port Walter. ES a WARM-OCEAN FISH APPEAR IN ALASKA: In addition to the occurrence of the Pacif- ic bonito in Alaskan waters during the sum- mer of 1963, a large 700-pound leatherback turtle was caught in the region of Cordova, a basking shark was taken in the vicinity of Haines, and skipjack tuna appeared in the region of Controller Bay. All are indicative of an incursion of warmer southerly or south- easterly waters into the Gulf of Alaska during the summer. The basking shark occurrence may not be as rare as it seems because there have been previous reports of similar sharks in the region. That species is recorded as entering the Gulf of Alaska, but there is no actual documentation of it. American Samoa MORE KOREAN TUNA VESSELS FISH OUT OF AMERICAN SAMOA: The second United States tuna cannery now in operation at American Samoa is reported to have several Korean tuna-fishing vessels delivering tuna to its plant. Japan is con- cerned over this trend on the part of the two United States tuna-processing plants at Amer- ican Samoa. These firms appear to be re- lying more and more on Korean tuna vessels to provide their raw tuna supply. This trend, reportedly, is accelerated in part by the dif- ficulty the United States firms are experienc- ing in attracting sufficient numbers of Japa- nese ice vessels to fish for them, Japanese ice vessel operators are said to be reluctant to fish out of Samoa since they December 1963 must travel great distances to the fishing grounds (due to dwindling catches in nearby waters), As their vessels are equipped to hold only fresh fish, they cannot operate efficient- ly. To solve this problem, they are reported to be seeking permission from the Govern- ment to equip their vessels with refrigera- tion. (Nihon Suisan Shimbun, October 4, 1963, and other sources.) Aquatic Science Peters UNIVERSITIES INVITED TO PARTICIPATE IN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM: The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, invites applications from colleges and universities for Graduate Education in Aquatic Sciences for the academic year 1964-65, 000.0, OO LOS ata e, XX o, XO 0% x xX BON GRADUATE EDUCATION GRANTS IN AQUATIC SCIENCES For the academic year 1964-1965 Applications will be considered only from institutions of higher learning that offer a full-time curriculum leading to the doctorate degree. Application should be made by an authorized officer of the institution. Individual students should notapply to the Bureau. They will be selected by their institutions. Students may be se- lected any time prior to the beginning of the school year by in- stitutions awarded grants. Grants may be made in support of students working toward the doctorate degree in a broad series of disciplines related to the study of the ocean, lakes, or rivers, and their natural resources. The number of grants awarded in each discipline will be deter- mined on the basis of anticipated needs and available funds. The following subjects are among those that will be considered for sup- port. Awards may be made in the other fields of study, if funds are available. Physical Oceanography 2/ Biological Oceanography+/ Marine Biology and Ecology L/ Taxonomy (especially invertebrate)1/ Fishery Biology (especially with training in bio- metrics)= Food ‘Tgchnology (especially chemistry of fish oils)— rues Economics1/ Chemical Oceanography Geological Oceanography Meteorology (oceanographic) Oceanographic Instrumentation(including en- gineering) Limnology COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 17 Grants will include: (1) $3,000 cost of living allowance for the students; (2) $1,000 additional cost of living allowance for married students with children; (3) Tuition and fees; and (4) $500 annual administrative allowance to the institution. Grants will be awarded for one year on a 12-month basis. They may be renewed in the name of the incumbent for additional one - year periods upon certification of satisfactory progress. Grants cur- rently in effect, which were awarded for 2 years, are not affected by the shift to annual awards. 1/Fields of primary interest which will receive priority in making awards. Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission ADOPTS RESOLUTION CALLING FOR A 12-MILE FISHING LIMIT: The Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Com- mission, at its 22 Annual Meeting in Boston, Mass., September 23-26, 1963, adopted a resolution calling for the extension of United States coastal jurisdiction over fisheries to 12 miles, Such an extension, the resolution stated, "has much to recommend it in terms of providing a better base for sound manage- ment of fisheries adjacent to a nation's coast, and in recognizing the particular stake of the coastal nation in such fisheries,"’ The text of the resolution (in part) follows: ", «Be It Resolved, That the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission go on record as favoring the extension ofthe United States coastal jurisdiction over fisheries to 12 miles and the extension of the jurisdiction of the states to the same extent as the federal jurisdiction is extended, and direct its officers and staff to present this position as force- fully as possible to the President of the United States, the Secretary of State, and the appro- priate Congressional leaders. California PELAGIC FISH POPULATION SURVEY CONTINUED: M/V “Alaska” Cruise 63-A-6 (Septem - ber 6-25, 1963): The objectives of this cruise by the California Department of Fish and Game research vessel Alaska off the Mexican coast- al waters of Baja California between Isla Cedros and Punta San Carlos were to: 18 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW (1) Survey the fish and invertebrates in the inshore pelagic environment; (2) Assess recruitment from this year's spawning of Pacific sardines (Sardinops caeruleus) and to measure the population den- sity of older fish; (3) Collect live sardines for serology studies by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory at La Jolla, Calif., and; (4) Continue comparing midwater-trawl and blanket-net catches, A midwater-trawl was the major sampling tool used during the survey; however, blanket- net, night-light fishing was carried out in se- lected areas as a check on trawling and to collect live sardines, Twenty-five midwater- Sardine Distribution — — — - Survey limit. SS - Young. - Adults. Anchovy Isla Distribution —-—-— - Survey limit. Punta San Antonio Punta San Carlos Cedros Punta Eugenia Vol. 25, No. 12 trawl stations and 32 night-light stations were occupied, All survey work was conducted at night. PACIFIC SARDINES: Sardines were taken at 26 of the 57 stations occupied onthe cruise. Adults were abundant in a limited portion of Bahia Sebastian Vizcaino, Between Punta Malarrimo and Bahia Santa Rosalia, adults were present at 8 of 9 trawl stations and 8 of 10 night-light stations. Adults were abun- dant in part of Bahia Sebastian Vizcaino in 1962, but their distribution was more re- stricted. Most fish were from 160-200 milli- meters (6.30-7.87-inches) in length and were either in an advanced stage of maturity or spent. A few running-ripe females were noted, About 500 sardines were delivered alive to the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries, Biological Laboratory at La Jolla for serological studies. Legend: % - Light station. 4+ ~ Trawl station. Bahia Santa Rosalia + + A i Bahia ke Sebastian +x Meeoon H ES Viszcaino * xa sed Punta Malarrimo Pelagic fish population survey continued by the M/V Alaska Cruise 63-A-6 (September 6-25, 1963). December 1963 Young sardines (1963 year-class) mixed with northern anchovies (Engraulis mordax) were taken at several stations between Punta Rosco and Bahia Blanca, but made up only a small proportion of the catch. Nevertheless, the catches were significant because young sardines were completely absent in that area last year. During the cruise, adult sardines were taken at7 trawl and 9 night-light stations; young sardines at 6 trawl and 2 night-light stations; and mixed adult and young at2 trawl stations. Since a midwater trawl was used extensively, the results of the survey are not directly comparable with past surveys, but the high percentage of successful sardine stations and the consistency from station to stationare more reminiscent of surveys made inthe early 1950's than those of recent years, ANCHOVIES: Anchovies, particularly young fish, were abundant in the survey area. The juvenile anchovies were especially numerous along the inside of Isla Cedros and between Punta Rosco and Bahia Blanca on the main- land. Adult anchovies were taken in quantity only between Punta Canoas and Punta San Carlos, althougha few adults were mixed with young at some stations. Anchovies were also taken with sardines at some of the inshore stations in Bahia Sebastian Vizcaino, but not in quantity. Adult anchovies were taken at 3 trawl sta- tions; juvenile anchovies were taken at 12 trawl and 10 light stations; and mixed adults and juveniles were taken at 4 trawl stations, PACIFIC MACKEREL: Pacific mackerel (Scomber diego) were taken at scattered lo- cations throughout the area, They were caught at 4 trawl and 6 light stations and were par- ticularly abundant at some stations close to shore, On several occasions, they were no- ticed around the vessel during daytime an- chorage. Most of the fish were young adults, ranging from 250 to 300 millimeters (0.98- 1,18 inches) in length. JACK MACKEREL: Jack mackerel (Tra- churus symmetricus) were taken in 8 trawl tows, but at only 2 light stations. The catches were generally small and scattered through- out the survey area, All were juvenile fish. ROUND HERRING: Round herring (Etrum - eus teres) were taken quite frequently in the same area as sardines, Round herring are COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW i) generally considered to be more adept than sardines at avoiding the blanket net or the night light. This was borne out by the ap- pearance of round herring in 13 midwater- trawl tows but in only 1 light-station catch, VISUAL SCOUTING: A total of 227 miles were scouted while running between stations at night. Few schools were seen even in areas where many fish were caught. A total of 7 schools of sardines were seen in the southern part of Bahia Sebastian Vizcaino, and 2 more near Bahia Blanca. Anchovy schools were seen only in the northern part of the sur- vey area. A total of 17 anchovy schools were counted near Punta San Carlos where adult fish were trawled, A continuous, thin surface scatter of juvenile anchovies was often seen while running between stations, but no schools were evident, MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS: Two observers from the Instituto Nacional de In- vestigaciones Biologico--Pesqueras, Mexico City, Mexico, joined the cruise at Ensenada, Sea surface temperatures, ranged from 18,6° C. (65.5° F.) at Punta Canoas to 25,0° C, (77,0° F.) near Punta Eugenia. The water was very clear, with photometer readings between 90 and 100 (scale 0-100) throughout most of the cruise area, Turbid water was encountered around Punta San Car- los where an inshore photometer reading of 28 was obtained and offshore readings in the 70's were the rule. Airplane Spotting Flight 63-9-Pelagic Fish (September 23-25, 1963): To determine fhe inshore distribution and abundance of pelagic fish schools, the inshore area from the United States-Mexican Border to Bolinas Point, Calif., was surveyed from the air by the California Department of Fish and Game's Cessna ''182" 9042T, On September 23, the area from Dana Point to Point Conception was scouted. Low clouds obscured the waters south of Dana Point and light haze prevailed to the north, but the area was visible from the air. There was considerable red tide in the area from Huntington Beach to the western portion of San Pedro Bay. Three small schools of Pa- cific sardine (Sardinops caeruleus) were 20 Pt. Arguello Jalama Park fs 1B 3BA 8SK Santa Barbara Pt. Redondo Beach 't. Vicente 2 Huntington Beach wv Dana Point oe O 510 1520 MILES Legend: A - Anchovy. BA - Barracuda. S - Sardine, -SK - Individual skate. B - Bonito. 2 ~ Unidentified. & - Red tide. Mexican Border Airplane Spotting Flight 63-9 -Pelagic Fish (September 23-25, 1963.) | sighted between Point Conception and Santa Barbara. By flying low over the water, many aggregations of 50-200 sardines also could be seen in the areas, Three schools of Cali- fornia barracuda (Sphyraena argentea) and one school of California bonito (Sarda chilien- sis) were also sighted. Twelve schools of northern anchovies (Engraulis mordax) were seen in the Newport-Huntington Beach area and two off Redondo Beach, On September 24, unfavorable flying con- ditions prevented an early departure and scouting was possible only in the San Diego area where four schools of anchovies were seen, On September 25, 1963, the area from Bo- linas Point to Santa Monica Bay was scouted, Water and air visibility were very good ex- cept in the waters north of Point San Luis, where heavy brownish phytoplankton blooms prevailed. Twenty-three small sardine schools were seen between Point Conception and Santa Barbara from an altitude of 1,500 Leets Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, November 1963 p. 21. Sef isle iceroicusok COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 12 SAN FRANCISCO BAY INVESTIGATIONS CONTINUED: M/V “Nautilus” Cruise 63-N3g-h S.F. Bay Study (August 19-23 and September 16-20, 1963): The study of San Francisco Bay south of San Pablo Bay by the California Depart- ment of Fish and Game research vessel Nautilus was continued in August and Septem- ber 1963. The objectives were to: (1) col- lect fish and invertebrates routinely at six established stations to determine distribu- tion and relative abundance under prevailing environmental conditions, (2) define ecologi- cal zones of the bay, and (3) determine food of the principal fish and its availability. A square-mouthed midwater trawl 25 feet on a side was towed for 20 minutes at each station during sampling in August and Septem- ber 1963, Each station was also sampled by a 15- to 20-minute bottom tow with a beam- trawl net 10 feet wide and 4 feet high with 1- inch mesh, A 40-foot Gulf shrimp trawl was Richmond Legend: () - Station. OOSIONVUA NYS ~ Bridge. S Miles Shows collecting stations during San Francisco Bay study by M/V Nautilus. December 1963 Species of Fish Taken in San Francisco Bay during M/V Nautilus Cruise 63-N3g-h, August and September 1963 Scientific Name Anchovy, northern ‘Bass, striped Cynoaker, white Flounder, starry Goby, bay 1/ Gunnel, saddleback — Herring, Pacific Jacksmelt 1/ (Lance, Pacific sand — Lingcod Midshipman, northern Midshipman, slim Perch, black ! Rerchyypile)) i Perch, shiner Poacher, pricklebreast Ray, bat Rockfish, brown Salmon, king SSanddab, Pacific Sculpin, buffalo Sculpin, staghorn Shark, leopard Shark, sevengill i Smelt, whitebait 1 Smoothhound, brown Sole, English Sole, sand Tomcod, Pacific Topsmelt 1/ Engraulis mordax occus saxatilis Genyonemus lineatus Platichthys stellatus Lepidogobius lepidus holis ornata Clupea pallasi Atherinopsis californiensis Amnodytes hexapterus Ophiodon elongatus Porichthys notatus Porichthys JE ae #mbiotoca jacksoni_ Rhacochilis vacca Cymatogaster aggregata Stellerina xyosterna Myliobatis californicus ebastodes auriculatus Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Citharichthys sordidus Enophrys bison Leptocottus armatus Triakis semifasciata Notorynchus maculatus Allosmerus elongatus Triakis henlei Parophrys vetulus Psettichthys melanostictus Microgadus proximus i g therinops affinis Turbot, hornyhead Pleuronichthys verticalis '1/Not taken in the bay during cruises in February, March, April, May, and June 1963. used to make 3 hauls, but it appeared to fish less effectively than the beam trawl. Temperature and salinity measurements were taken from both surface and bottom wa- ter where the depths were sufficient to make a measurable difference. At the shallow sta- tions, only surface observations were made, Bottom water samples were collected with a modified Eckman bottle secured to the orange- peel dredge line two feet above the dredge, Temperature was measured to 0,1° C. and salinity to 0.1 o/oo. Two nets were torn by fouling onsubmerged objects. Clear water, in which fish evade gear, made the total number of fish caught less than on previous cruises, Of 31 species collected, 6 were new to the study. A total of 49 species of fish have been taken since the current study of San Francisco Bay began in late January 1963, Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, Sept. 1963 p. 15. He 3K Kk oie. ok SURVEY OF SHRIMP RESOURCES IN NORTHERN AND CENTRAL COASTAL WATERS CONTINUED: M/V "N.B. Scofield” Cruise 63-S-6: (Au- gust 29-September 24, 1963): The main ob- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 21 jectives of this cruise by the California De- partment of Fish and Game research vessel N.B. Scofield off central and northern Cali- fornia from Bodega Bay to the Oregon were to: (1) Locate concentrations of pink shrimp (Pandalus jordani) for population estimates and a determination of natural mortality rates in Area A, B-1, and B-2 (figures-1-3); (2) Determine sex ratio, year-class com- position, and weight of shrimp in eacharea; (3) Make bathythermograph and Nansen- bottle casts for bottom temperatures and wa- ter samples in productive shrimp areas; (4) Count and weigh incidentally caught fish; and (5) Collect fish and shellfish specimens for special study. AREA A: Seventy 20-minute tows were made with a 41-foot head rope Gulf otter trawl between Trinidad and the Oregon bor- der in 51 to 90 fathoms, In 2 widely separated Brookings Oregon __ California 42000 Pt. St. George Crescent City Rocky Pt. ° i=) ° x a ot n oH Trinidad Fig. 1 - M/V N.B, Scofield Cruise 63-S-6, Area A. 22 Legend: —— - Location of drag. EE - Shrimp school. Mistake Pt. 5 Miles Williams Pt. Cape Vizcaino Abalone Pt. —_- —_— 124000! 39°40! $0) eng erence se areas between Point St. George andthe Ore- gon border, there were limited commercial shrimp concentrations at 68 to 75 fathoms. Between Crescent City and Trinidad, low den- sities of shrimp were found at 58 to 85 fath- oms ina 65-square-mile area, There were commercial densities west of the Klamath River and northward in 58 to 85 fathoms. Fig. 2 - M/VN.B. Scofield Cruise 63-S-6, Area B-1. The shrimp population was estimated at 1,200,000 pounds with the following composi- tion: 1962 class--28 percent, 1961 class--68 percent, and 1960 class--4 percent, Natural mortality was high during the com- mercial season, The population had been re- duced much below a level attributable to fish- ing mortality. The outlook for the 1964 sea- son is not bright due to the weak 1962 year- class and the prospects of a below-average incoming 1963 year-class, Heads-on shrimp counts ranged from 67 to 151 per pound and averaged 93. Eggs were developed in ovaries of 65 percent of the females. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Wools Ab, ING. 2) . Horseshoe Pt. Legend: Location of drags Zz ‘Avg. density 202 lbs. /hr. - vg. density 64 lbs./hr.- () ——a -__ ~_ ee ae Fort Ross S Miles Russian River Salmon Creek Bodega Head Fig. 3 - M/V N.B. Scofield Cruise 63-S-6, Area B-2. Hake (Merluccius productus) dominated the fish catch. Slender sole (Lyopsetta exilis) and arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) were taken at most stations. Bottom water samples were takenat nine stations for salinity determinations. A total of 39 bathythermograph casts were made. Surface temperatures averaged 14.7° C., (58.5° F.); bottom temperatures averaged 9.0° C, (48. AP ia )). AREA B-1: Twenty-four 20-minute tows were made from Abalone Point to Mistake Point in 50 to 82 fathoms. Shrimp were found in light concentrations between 60 and 76 fath- oms in an area covering 8.6 square miles off Cape Vizcaino and Williams Point, Theaver- age catch for 6 tows within that area was 62.5 pounds per hour and ranged from 45 to 105 pounds per hour, Based on those tows, the population within the area was estimated at approximately 45,000 pounds with the following composition: 1963 class--trace, 1962 class-- 58.7 percent; and 1961 class--41.3 percent. December 1963 Heads-on counts per pound averaged 94,5 with a range of 87 to 102, Shrimp ofthe year (1963 year-class) were present throughout much of the area. Ovary development was in the head-roe stage. Bathythermograph casts were made at 18 stations and bottom water samples for salinity determinations were obtained from 9 stations. Bottom temperatures averaged 10.0° C. (50.0° F,) at 60 fathoms, and surface temper- atures averaged 14.1° C, (57.4° F.). Fish catches were light and no appreciable quantities of commercially important fish were caught. Hake were most common, and sable- fish (Anoplopoma fimbria) were taken at five stations. The flatfish catch included slender sole, rex sole (Glyptocephalus zachirus), sand dabs (Citharichthys sordidus), and dover sole (Microstomus pacificus). Rockfish catches consisted mainly of stripetail (Sebastodes sax- icola), darkblotch (S. crameri), greenstripe _ (S. elongatus), splitnose (S. diploproa), and occasionally chilipepper (S. goodei) and short- belly (S, jordani). ar AREA B-2: Forty-seven 20-minute tows were made from Bodega Head to Horseshoe Point in 29 to 68 fathoms, Shrimp were found in moderate density in 36 to 44 fathoms from due west of the Russian River to Salmon Creek. The school covered 9.2 square miles and ex- tended for 8 miles, Six tows yielded catches ranging from 150 to 375 pounds per hour with- in an area of 3.8 square miles, Five tows, yielding an average catch of 64 pounds per hour, described an additional area covering 5.4 square miles. The population within the 9,2 square miles was estimated at 100,000 pounds. One tow, due west of the Russian River in 59 fathoms, produced 95 pounds in 20 minutes but the spot was found to be separate from the main concentration of shrimp. Heads-on counts per pound ranged from 100 to 125 and averaged 112, The age-class composition was: 1962 class--60.6 percent, 1961 class--39.1 percent, and 1960 class-- 0.3 percent, Shrimp of the year (1963 class) were absent from all tows. Ovary develop- ment was in the head-roe stage, so no eggs were found on the pleopods. Bathythermograph casts were made at 11 stations and water samples were taken at 8 stations. Bottom temperatures averaged 9.6° C, (49,3° F.) at 38 fathoms and surface temperatures averaged 11,5° C, (52.7° F.). COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 23 Many different species of fish were caught but there were no appreciable numbers of commercially exploited species. Flatfish were taken frequently. Rex sole were found at all stations, English sole (Parophrys vetulus), sand dabs, slender sole, and aver sole were found at most stations, while pet- rale sole (Eopsetta jordani) and arrowtooth sole were less common. Hake were caught in nearly every tow and sablefish were also commonly caught. Rockfish catches were very light, with most catches consisting of stripe- tail, darkblotch, and greenstripe rockfish. Commercially important copper rockfish (Sebastodes caurinus), canary rockfish (S. pinniger), and chilipepper were seldon caught. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1963 p. 32. PAY eI obs cha) 3 ANNUAL SALMON SPAWNING SURVEY CONDUCTED: The annual survey of salmon spawning stock on all the salmon streams in the Cen- tral Valley was started on October 1, 1963, by the California Department of Fish and Game, The bulk of the State's salmon are pro- duced in the area which extends from Redding south into the San Joaquin Valley. Fourteen fish and game assistants and fisheries men worked full time to gather the field informa- tion needed to estimate the number of king salmon spawners, their spawing success and distribution in the streams, and noted any ad- verse conditions affecting the salmon resource, Aerial counts of individual spawning beds and of concentrations of spawning fish were also made, Because salmon die after spawning, ground observers keep a count of spawned-out salmon carcasses to avoid duplication, The survey furnishes much of the basic in- formation needed by the State for managing the salmon resource, and provides data needed to evaluate water project developments that affect salmon, Canned Fishery Products STRUVITE CRYSTALS ARE HARMLESS: From time to time both industry and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration receive 24 reports from consumers who believe they have found glass in canned fish or shellfish, es- pecially shrimp. Examination, however, usually reveals it is not glass at all, but "struvite" (a crystal- line magnesium ammonium phosphate) which occasionally forms in canned fish or shellfish from normally present constituents. While struvite is not actually desirable, it does not affect the safety of the food. Canners have devoted considerable attention to the problem of struvite formation, but still have not been able to prevent it. A simple test to distinguish between stru- vite and glass is to place the materialin warm vinegar for a while. The struvite crystals will dissolve--glass, or course, will not, (% Cans--Shipments for Fishery Products, January- August 1963 A total of 2,114,241 base boxes of steeland aluminum was consumed to make cans shipped to fish and shellfish canning plants in January-August 1963, a decline of 4.4 per- oe >». cent from the 2,210,492 base Ca | > We yy boxes used during the same a Jd period in 1962. Most of the decline was due to a small- er pack of tuna in the first part of 1963, Note: Statistics cover all commercial and captive plants known to be producing metal cans. A "base box"' is an area 31, 360 square inches, equivalent to 112 sheets 14"'x 20" size. Tonnage figures for steel (tinplate) cans are derived by use of the factor 21.8 base boxes per short ton of steel. The use of aluminum cans for packing fishery products is small. ™. i Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations FACTORS AFFECTING ABUNDANCE OF SUMMER SKIPJACK TUNA IN HAWAIIAN WATERS: A reexamination has been made of the an- nual forecast of abundance which the U.S, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory at Honolulu has been issuing to the Hawaiian skipjack tuna fishery. Several years ago oceanographers and bi- ologists at the Honolulu Laboratory noticed COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol, 25, No. 12 an apparent relationship between the pattern of changes in ocean water temperatures around Hawaii in the spring and the relative success of the ensuing summer fishery for skipjack tuna. Since the fishery is by far the most important in the Islands, and since the great year-to-year fluctuations in its landings seriously hinder the industry's production planning, the relationship was studied in the hope that it would provide a basis for pre- dicting the availability of tuna before the start of the summer fishing season, It was found that when the annual warming of the surface waters began earlier thanusu- al, the year's landings were above average, while smaller than average catches were re- corded in years of late warming. This rela- tionship held good for every year for which suitable data on ocean temperatures were available, and the Laboratory began in 1959 to issue a yearly forecast to the fishing in- dustry on this basis, Although the predictions were based on purely empirical evidence and the reasons for the association between time of warming and skipjack availability were not understood, the forecasts proved outfor each year through 1962 and confidence in the meth- od grew firmer. On April 1, 1963, the Laboratory predicted an above-average skipjack catch for the year since the waters around the island of Oahu had begun to warm unusually early, But as the fishing season progressed, it became clear that catches were falling below the average level, and by the end of September 1963, the total catch was estimated tobe only 7,325,000 pounds, or 1,352,000 pounds below the 1948-62 average for the period, This failure of the skipjack to run true to form caused scientists at the Laboratory to make a review of oceanographic data for past years. It now appears that predictions of skip- jack availability require an examination of more factors than had previously been thought necessary. There are in fact at least twoma- jor conditions which must be satisfied inorder to justify a prediction of better than average fishing. First, the Hawaiian Islands must be surrounded by low salinity water of the Cali- fornia Current Extension type, which is con- sidered to be the "home water" of the Hawai- ian ''season'' skipjack. Secondly, the dynamic conditions must be such that there is early warming of the waters around the Hawaiian Is- lands. In retrospect, it appears that in mak- ing the 1963 forecast not enough weight was December 1963 given to the first of those factors, for although the temperature rise this spring indicated fa- vorable dynamic conditions, the salinity has remained high. A reexamination of data from past years now indicates that better than average land- ings were made in years when both factors were favorable. Poor catches marked the years when salinity was high and the spring warming of the ocean was late. In years when one or the other of the factors was unfavor- able, catches were average or somewhat be- low average. It is expected that the Honolulu Biological Laboratory will continue to make preseason forecasts of the availability of skipjack to the Hawaiian fishery. Future forecasts will be based on the more refined analysis that has resulted from this year's experience and should therefore be more reliable, Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1963 p. 22. KI ISeuasicM en oe TUNA STUDIES CONTINUED: M/V “Charles H, Gilbert” Cruise 69-- Ahipalaha Il: To find the spawning grounds of albacore tuna is the primary objective ofthis .Research vessel Charles H. Gilbert of the U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries. long cruise in the South Pacific by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research vessel Charles H. Gilbert. The vessel sailed from Honolulu, Hawaii, on October 7, 1963, and is scheduled to return on December 20, 1963, after visiting Marakei Atoll in the Gil- - bert Islands; Suva in the Fiji Islands; Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides; Noumea, New Caledonia; and Pago Pago, American Samoa, The purpose of the cruise is reflectedinits designation because ahipalaha is the Hawaiian name for albacore tuna, The first survey in this series was made in the spring of 1962, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 25 The expedition will fish with tuna long - lines for mature albacore and will attempt to collect larval and juvenile specimens with plankton nets, trawls, and small-mesh gill nets, Aquaria were installed in the vesselso that small tuna may be kept alive for obser- vation. Artificial fertilization and rearing experiments will be undertaken if ripe spawn- ers are captured, Many details of the early development of tuna are not yet well known, and scientists are not in complete agreement on the identification of the smallest stages of some species, A number of other projects will be carried out during the cruise. The stop at Marakei Atoll was scheduled in order to collect algae and fish for use in the poison fish studies of a scientist at the University of Hawaii. Sam- ples of blood from tuna and marlin will be flown back to the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Honolulu Biological Laboratory from ports along the route for use in subpop- ulation studies. Drift cards will be released along the way to study ocean currents, Spe- cial requests have even been received for the flying fish that may come aboard the vessel at night and for the remoras (shark suckers) from sharks and marlin caught on longlines. At Espititu Santo, where a Japanese tuna fishery is based, expeditionmembers will con- sult with government and fishing company of- ficials, In Noumea, conferences are sched- uled with scientists of the Institut Francais d'Oceanie concerning cooperative research on tuna. The U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries now maintainsa field laboratory at Pago Pago in American Samoa, where there is a thriving tuna fishery, and the callat that port will allow consultation with field station personnel, A fishery trainee from South Korea, will par- ticipate in the expeditionas faras Samoa, where he will leave the ship to spend several months in training on Pago Pago-based fishing boats. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, June 1962 p. 8, and August 1962 p. 17. Fur Seals ‘PRICES FOR ALASKA FUR SEAL SKINS AT FALL 1963 AUCTION LOWER: The fall auction in 1963 (October 17-18) of United States Government-owned fur seal 26 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW skins yielded close to $3.1 million. The aver- age price per skin received for male fur seal skins (Black, Kitovi, and Matara) was $111.72. This average price compares with an aver- age of $122.52 paid at the spring 1963 auction, and the $107.53 average for skins sold in the fall 1962 auction, In addition, the average price received for Lakoda or female sheared seal skins was $40.63 as compared with an average of $43.09 received at the spring 1963 auction and an average of $48,40 received at the fall 1962 auction, Average prices per skin received for proc- essed male fur seal skins at the fall 1963 auc- tion were (average for spring auction in pa- rentheses): Black, $126.13 ($125.87); Kitovi, $95.58 ($116.81); Matara, $103.94 ($121.01). Prices received at the fall 1963 auction for Japanese-owned fur seal skins as com - pared with the spring 1963 auction were: Black, $124.96 (down 1.4 percent); Kitovi, $99.35 (down 16.9 percent); Matara, $111.03 (down 10,4 percent); and Lakoda $35.26 (up 4,7 percent), Prices received at the fall 1963 auction for South African skinsas compared with the spring 1963 auction were: Black, $31.75 (down .49.7 percent); Deep Blue, $46.96 (down 20.5 per- cent; and Neutral, $66.25 (down 6.4 percent). Great Lakes Fishery Investigations LAKE TROUT DISTRIBUTION STUDIES CONTINUED: M/V ‘Siscowet” Cruise 7 (September 9-18, 1963): To determine the abundance of juve- nile lake trout at three index stations in the Apostle Islands region and to collect young- of-the-year lake trout south of Outer Island were the main objectives of this cruise in Lake Superior by the U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries research Siscowet, Semi- Lake Trout Vol. 25, No. 12 balloon bottom trawls were fished at depths of 5-26 fathoms, The number of lake trout captured per 15- minute trawl tow at the 3 index stations ranged from 1 to 47, and averaged 4.8 east of Made- line Island, 8.0 southeast of Bear Island, and 29.9 east of Basswood Island. The total catch was 448 lake trout, of which 445 (99 percent) were fin-clipped. Lake trout planted at Bay- field in the spring of 1963 predominated inthe catches, although ten different trout plantings were represented in the over-all catch. Seven trawl tows at 5-10 fathoms just south of Outer Island failed to capture young-of- the-year lake trout, although 9 hadbeen taken in the area by the Cisco in 1953, and 3 bythe Siscowet in 1959. Surface water temperatures during the cruise ranged from 55,0° F. south of Outer Island to 63.7° F, east of Madeline Island. M/V "'Siscowet' Cruise 8 (September 23- October 4, 1963): To measure the relative abundance of juvenile lake trout and to study fall environmental conditions at three limno- logical stations were the main objectives of this cruise in the Apostle Islands region of Lake Superior by the U.S. Bureau of Com - mercial Fisheries research vessel Siscowet. Surface water temperatures ranged from 53,1° F. in the open lake to 57.6° F. in pro- tected waters among the islands. A some- what unusual condition was the clearly de- fined thermocline which still existed in most areas, In most years, the water is nearly homothermous by the end of September as a result of cooling air temperatures and fall storms. U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries research Siscowet. December 1963 Two experimental gill nets (each of 6mesh sizes from 2 to 34 inches) were fished at 12- 28 fathoms at Presque Isle Bay, Punky Bay, and just east of Madeline Island. Lake trout were most abundant at depths above 20 fath- oms. The total catch from fourteen 2-night sets (45,600 feet of gill nets) was 390 lake trout (range in length 6.6 to 28.0 inches), Of the 332 lake trout less than 17 inches long, 312 (94 percent) were fin-clipped. Most of the fin-clipped fish were from the 1960-61 plants at Bayfield shore, Other species taken in the gill nets were smelt, chubs, longnose suckers, burbot, and alewives. The catch of 32 alewives (7-9 inches long) was by far the largest made in gill-net sets by the Siscowet since the vessel was assigned to the Ashland Station in 1958. Gulf Exploratory Fishery Program SHRIMP GEAR STUDIES CONTINUED: M/V “George M. Bowers" Cruise 46 (Au- gust 21-23, 1963) and Cruise 47 (August 27- October 5, 1963 and October 11-30, 1963): The objectives of these cruises by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessel George M. Bowers were to: (1) conduct comparative towing tests of stand- The U.S. Bureauof Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing ves- sel, George M. Bowers. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 27 ard shrimp trawl doors and a pair of experi- mental doors of a dihedralor V-design, (2) continue field tests of trawl instrumentation units under development, (3) observe the per- formance of the prototype electrical shrimp trawl, and (4) make shrimp burrowing obser- vations on various bottom types. EXPERIMENTAL TRAWL DOORS: Inmak- ing trawl door comparisons, the 2 assemblies (40-foot flat trawls) were towed simultaneous- ly from outriggers. Measurements were ob- tained at towing speeds (bottom speed) of 1.5, 2,0, and 2,5 knots and scope ratios of 5:1 and 10:1. Water depth was 5 fathoms and the bot- tom type was hard sand. The measurements obtained at each speed were horizontal spread, total load (measured on deck), and bottom speed, Since the weight in water of the stand- ard doors was only 20 pounds, tests werealso made with the standard doors weighted to equal that of the experimental doors (170 pounds in water). The results of the tests indicated: (1) the experimental doors towed somewhat easier and spread the trawl more than the standard doors, and (2) the weighted standard doors spread the trawl more than the experimental doors and towed harder, The total load dif- ference, however, decreased markedly with increased speed, INSTRUMENTATION: The devices tested were the bottom-speed indicator anda closed circuit television system, The indicator func- tioned very well and is a considerable im - provement over the recording method or read- out, The television system was tested ona shrimp trawl in clear water. The results were satisfactory, particularly for close-up viewing, ELECTRICAL SHRIMP TRAWL: A proto- type 40-foot electrical shrimp trawl with var- ious electrode array designs was designed and constructed on the basis of data from tow- ing tests with a 20-foot model, While being towed, the prototype was observed by divers to determine the optimum rigging to provide the desired operational and handling charac- teristics, SHRIMP BURROWING: Observations and photographs of burrowing behavior of pink shrimp on five bottom types (sand, sand-shell, silt-clay, sand-silt, and grass) were obtained. Also, a diving bell built to the specifications of a unit used by the U.S. Navy Mine Defense 28 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Laboratory was tested, The bell worked very well and shows promise as a means of obser- vation in future behavior studies. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1963 p. 39. Gulf Fishery Investigations Some of the highlights of studies conducted by the Galveston Biological Laboratory of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries during July-September 1963: SHRIMP FISHERY PROGRAM: Shrimp Spawnin Populations: The examination of ovary samples from slightly more than 7,000 brown shrimp collected sys- tematically during 1962 was almost completed. More than 6,100 of the females could be classified according to the stage of ovary maturity. The criteria for deter- mining ovary condition is being refined, and the inde- pendent results of two observers are now in fairly close (80-90 percent) agreement, Ovaries in the process of redeveloping after a previous spawn are the most dif- ficult to classify. In comparing the seasonal size composition of brown shrimp inhabiting the coastal area between Freeport, Tex., and Cameron, La., observations based on 1962 Brown Shrimp data proved to be quite similar to those made in 1961. Brown shrimp, almost all subadults--90 to 190 milli- meters (3.5 to 5.9 inches) in length--occurred in the 74-fathom depth zone only during May through Novem- ber. In the 15-fathom zone, subadults first appeared during June in both years. During 1961, the seaward movement of shrimp into that zone continued through December, but in 1962, brown shrimp less than 150 millimeters (5.9 inches) long were not in evidence after July. Sampling at depths greater than 25 fathoms sel- dom yielded any but large, mature brown shrimp. Shrimp Larval Studies: IDENTIFICATION: Several brown shrimp spawned in the laboratory during the third quarter of 1963. Onone occasion, the resulting larvae were reared to the second protozoeal stage, which was one stage more advanced than had been obtained in any Vol. 25, No.12 previous trial. Although the primary effort in this project has been directed toward rearing brownshrimp from larvae to the adult stage, ripe females of four other species were also collected and isolated in the laboratory where they subsequently spawned. Larvae of rock shrimp (Sicyonia dorsalis and S. brevirostris) were reared to the frst protozoealstage. Eggs were also obtained from pink shrimp and Trachypeneus similis, but they did not hatch. Three juvenile rock shrimp (S, brevirostris) reared from a spawn in the spring of 1963 had survived and the largest of those was 25 millimeters (0.98 inches) long in September 1963. Encouraging progress was made in maintainingmass cultures of penaeid larvae, although contamination of the rearing media by bacteria and other micro-organ- isms stillposes a serious problem. Severalantibiotics (penicillin, dihydrostreptomycin, and chloromycetin) and certain commercial preparations are being screened to determine their effectiveness in controlling micro- organisms. In preliminary experiments, apenicillin- dihydrostreptomycin combination gave the best results, repressing the bacteria and reducing the activity of ciliates and other motile forms, Addition of the dihy- drostreptomycin is associated with a rapid growth of fungus, but it appears that this side effect can be con- trolled, In an effort to ascertain the most suitable media for rearing shrimp larvae, actual marine water transported from offshore was compared with water in the recircu- lating sea water system, Each kind of water was used as a medium: (1) after being autoclaved, (2) with anti- biotics added, (3) untreated, and (4) in various combina- tions of the preceding three. The preliminary experi- ments indicate that treated water generally gives bet- ter results than untreated water. Heavy shrimp lar- vae mortalities usually occurred in untreated water in the recirculating sea water system, but when steri- lized or treated with antibiotics, its quality compared favorably with that of the offshore water, DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE: Penaeus larvae and postlarvae, occurring in greater numbers than at any previous period in 1962, were removed and identified from 57 plankton samples collected in November 1962, Concentrations were greatest in the samples collected between Galveston and Brownsville, Tex. (statistical areas 18 to 21). Larval and postlarval stages were 23 to 5 times more abundant at 25-fathom stations than at the 15-, 35-, 45-, or 60-fathom stations. No planktonic stages of Penaeus species were encountered at 73-fath- om stations. The monthly catch composition by stage consisted of 29 percent nauplii, 21 percent protozoea, 16 percent mysis, and 34 percent postlarvae, all of which indicates continued spawning and a possible build- up of postlarvae in offshore waters. In addition to vessel operations to carry out regularly scheduled plankton work, three short cruises were made to calibrate flow meters and to investigate the vertical (diurnal) distribution of shrimp larvae and postlarvae. Although data from the vertical distribution study have only been partially analyzed, they suggest that some penaeid planktonic stages exhibit negative phototropism down to depths of at least 18 meters. Shrimp Postlarval Abundance Survey and Bait (Juve- nile) Shrimp Fishery: Semiweekly sampling of post- larval shrimp to determine their abundance as they moved into the Galveston Bay (Tex.) system continued during July-September 1963. Weekly sampling alsio December 1963 continued at Port Aransas (Tex.), Sabine Pass (Tex.), and Caminada Pass (La.). Pascagoula (Miss.), and St. Petersburg Beach (Fla.) was discontinued in mid-August 1963, ait Fishery, 1962-1963 Sampling at Port Isabel (Tex.), er Table 1 - Suisienis Catch and Fishing Effort in Galveston Bay 140, 300) 138, 100) The harvest of bait-size shrimp from Galveston Bay in July-August 1963 showed a slight increase over that in the same period of 1962. The fishing effort expended in July-August 1963 decreased by 27 percent from 1962 estimates, with the catch per unit of effort indicating that shrimp were more abundant onthe nursery grounds during the third quarter of 1963 than in the same period of 1962. Migrations, Growth, and Mortality of Brown a White Suen During the third quarter of 1963, tw mark-recapture experiments to determine iggementa: LOOK FOR COLOR HERE Shrimp are marked with blue, greenand red biological stains in order to obtain information on migrations and gro - The color appears only on both sides of the head (in the gills) as shown in the illustration. growth, and mortality in stocks of brown shrimp were carried out. In June 1963, a total of 4,804 stained and 1,208 tagged brown shrimp were released off the Mis- sissippi coast, and by the end of September, 412 stained and 62 tagged specimens had been recovered, In Au- gust 1963, a total of 3,016 brown shrimp were stained and released off Aransas Pass, Tex. A total of 52 shrimp were recovered from that experiment, One mark-recapture experiment with white shrimp, also designed to provide information on growth rates, move- ments, and mortality, was begun during August 1963 in Galveston Bay, Tex. Of the 3;115 stained white shrimp released, 346 were returned, Returns from all three experiments will continue in the latter part of 1963. Tests to determine the rate of nondetection of marked COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 29 shrimp in different processing plants were carried on in conjunction with each experiment, Commercial Catch Sampling: Several aspects of port sampling operations were modified during the third quarter of 1963 in order to concentrate efforts on par- ticular problems and in areas where the greatest fish- ing activity occurs, Sampling is now confined to three study areas--the eentral Texas coast with samplers stationed at Aransas Pass and Freeport, the central Louisiana coast with men at Morgan City and Houma, and the Dry Tortugas area off the southwest coast of Florida with two biologists located at Key West. The immediate objectives of work in each area dif- fer somewhat and are dependent on characteristics of the local fisheries, An intensive survey of fishing ef- fort is being conducted within both the Texas and Tor- tugas study areas through interviews of vessel captains, occasional aerial surveys, and detailed studies of land- ings made by certain vessels. The size distribution of pink shrimp from the Tortugas grounds and of white and brown shrimp from Louisiana waters are being ob- tained regularly for use in growth and mortality studies, The species composition of mixed landings andthe ac- tual size distribution of box and machine-graded land- ings are being surveyed at Texas and Louisiana ports, Estimates of the number of small shrimp discarded at sea are also being obtained when possible, Population Dynamics: Field studies designed to de- monstrate the selective action of shrimp nets were ini- tiated and four comparative fishing trials at sea were completed, Various combinations of nets and detach- able cod ends with different mesh sizes were used to distinguish escapement from the body of a net and from the cod end, Preliminary results indicated that a sig- nificant degree of escapement occurs from both sections of nets with large meshes throughout, but that very few marketable shrimp escape from those nets commonly used in the commercial fishery, In contrast to findings reported for many species of fish, the relationship be- tween mesh size and shrimp escapement is not recti- linear. It is quite likely that the observed divergence results from the manner in which shrimp swim when startled. Several more field trips will be required be- fore final conclusions can be reached, Florida Bay Ecology Studies: Mark-recapture ex- periments with pink shrimp in south Florida waters have demonstrated that young shrimp which utilize cer- tain shallow coastal waters as nursery grounds, even- tually migrate as subadults to the Tortugas area in the Gulf of Mexico where they later support an important commercial fishery. To determine the magnitude of losses suffered during migration, a new project was designed to relate the seasonal and yearly abundance of juvenile pink shrimp in the nursery areas of eastern Florida Bay to the subsequent abundance of shrimp tak- en in the Tortugas fishery. The project will also in- clude ecological studies to define conditions affecting the survival and well-being of juvenile pink shrimp while in those nursery areas, Efforts during the third quarter of 1963 were di- rected toward: (1) reviewing background information pertaining to pink shrimp ecology in eastern Florida Bay; (2) surveying the Bay for the purpose of establish- ing sampling stations; and (3) developing methods of quantitatively sampling for the abundance of juvenile shrimp. Two collection methods now under considera- tion or development are trapping and pumping. 30 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW ESTUARINE PROGRAM: Ecology of Western Gulf Estuaries; Sampling throughout the Galveston Bay sys- tem continued under the revised scheme initiated in January 1963, Automated data processing methods were introduced to expedite handling of the large amount of Spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) data being collected, The species receiving greatest attention with regard to population density and life history studies are Atlantic croaker, spot, and sand seatrout, bay anchovy, brown shrimp, white shrimp, and blue crab, Effort is being directed toward relating the distribution and abundance of each species to space- time variation in measurable hydrological factors. Blue Crab Due to lower than normal rainfall prior to and dur- ing the third quarter of 1963, salinities remained rela- tively high throughout the Bay system as compared with previous years, A well defined salinity gradient per- sisted, however, between the Gulf of Mexico and Trin- ity Bay (table 2), Table 2 - Salinity Values Between the Gulf of Mexico and Trinity Bay, July-September 1963 Subarea Early in the summer of 1963, a study of the rela- tionship between bottom types and bottom fauna was be- gun, Bottom types are being defined according to or- ganic and inorganic constituents, and the percentages of gravel, sand, and fine particles, At each of the pre- viously established biological and hydrological stations, and at five additional stations in Clear Lake, bottom sediments were sampled with a dredge, and bottom Vols 2 5sINom2 fauna were collected with a small oyster dredge lined with z-inch mesh hardware cloth as well as with amod- ifiedbeam trawl with }-inch mesh netting. All bottom fauna were identified and their numbers tabulated, Accompanied by 80-mile-per-hour winds which pro- duced a 43-foot tide, Hurricane Cindy passed through the study area on September 17, 1963. Fortunately, weekly sampling was so scheduled that one collection period ended 5 days prior to the hurricane, and the next collection began 5 days following its passage. It is hoped that the resulting data will give some indication of the hurricane's effect on both the fauna and hydrology of the area, In mid-August 1963, the Texas Water Pollution Con- trol Board initiated a detailed water quality study which covers the entire Galveston Bay system. Of 145 sta - tions established for this study, 32 correspond to those regularly occupied by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries during sampling operations. Arrangements were made with the Board for the mutual exchange of hydrological data, PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR PROGRAM: Behav- ior and Tolerances: During July-September 1963, ad- ditional data were obtained on the distribution of grooved shrimp postlarvae in continuous salinity gradients. Six specimens were individually tested at 32° C. (90° F.) and 4 at 179-19° C, (62°-66° F.). At the higher tem- perature, the 10%00 -14°/o0 salinity level was the most frequently occupied zone, whereas at 17°-19° C,, the 20°/c00 -24°/00 level was more frequently visited than any other. Those results support earlier work in which only four shrimp comprised each group. The evidence suggests a marked influence of temperature on salinity selection in these animals, A series of time-mortality experiments using brown and white shrimp postlarvae was conducted in an effort to: (1) find upper lethal temperature limits, and (2) de- termine whether such limits differ between species. The lethal limit for postlarvae of both species was found to be about 37° C, (99° F.) at 25°%o0. Aeration was shown to be of vital importance in the experiment. With- out aeration, 5 small white shrimp postlarvae survived the temperature of 37° C. fer more than 43 hours, whereas 5 grooved" (brown shrimp) and slightly larger postlarvae died in 13-43 hours. With aeration, how- ever, no difference between species was apparent, Fur- ther work is planned in order to corroborate this finding. Studies of the effects of electrical shockon growth and long-term survival of shrimp were temporarily sus- pended because attempts to hold adult brown shrimp in the laboratory's sea water system for extended periods of time have been unsuccessful. On two occasions, 64 specimens were divided into subgroups, in half of which each shrimp was isolated to prevent cannibalism, All experimental shrimp were held in flowing water and regularly fed bits of fresh fish. Of the 128 shrimp brought into the sea water systems, only 33 survived for 4 weeks, After 6 weeks, only 8 remained alive. In both experiments, mortality in the’ East Lagoon system (92 percent in 4 wee’-s) was more rapid than that of shrimp kept in ther circulating system at Fort Croc- kett (56 percent), 1 is difference in mortality was greater than that noi d between groups in which shrimp were isolated from ¢ ich other and groups in which in- dividuals were not partitioned. One factor which may have contributed to mortality in the Lagoon system was the occurrence of a dense population of Gonyaulax moni- December 1963 lita (a dinoflagellate known to be toxic to fish) in the Lagoon itself and, consequently, in the water supplying the system. Further study of a flatworm parasite of shrimp in Galveston Bay has brought to light another stage in the worm's life cycle. The new form, which is more ma- ture than the stage occurring in shrimp, is found in the gut of elasmobranchs, This finding directly implicates the elasmobranch as a predator of commercially impor- tant shrimp. Growth of Metabolism: A second growth experiment to test the combined effects of salinity and temperature on postlarval penaeid shrimp was completed. Using postlarval white shrimp as test specimens, trials were run in 5 salt concentrations--2 %oo, 5°00, 11/00, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 31 25°00} and 35 %/oo'--at each of 4 levels of temperature - TiO eOW25 oh and 320) Cs (502,,65°.17'7O.and| 901m). In addition, ''grooved" (brown shrimp) postlarvae col- lected along with white shrimp material and treated as control animals were tested at 25 °/oo salinity andtem- peratures of 18° and 32° C, As ina previous experi- ment with grooved postlarvae, differences in growth rate were more closely associated with temperature than with salinity, In contrast to results of the earlier experiment, no animals survived at 11° C., even though experimental salinity levels were within the range in which grooved postlarvae had been previously maintained for as long as 28 days. Survival at the highest temperature (32° C,) was improved, however, with 75 to 80 percent of the white shrimp surviving in all concentrations but that of Warburg apparatus used in respiration studies of shrimp tissues. 32 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 2°%o0, in which only 35 percent survived, Of the ''con- trol" (grooved) postlarvae tested at 32° C., only 34 per- cent survived 27 days im the 25/00, medium, Of the white shrimp postlarvae tested at 18° C., 55 percent survived in the 35 %oo concentration but only 25 per- cent in 2°%00. The results seem to indicate that white shrimp postlarvae can withstand higher temperatures than grooved (brown shrimp) postlarvae and, conversely, that grooved postlarvae are able to tolerate lower tem- peratures within a broader salinity range than post- larvae of the white shrimp. This speculation was rein- forced by the results of studies involving isolated brown and white shrimp postlarvae at the same temperature levels. Brown shrimp postlarvae appeared to growand survive better at 18° C. than did white postlarvae, with the reverse being the case at 32° C. CONTRACT RESEARCH: Seasonal Distribution Pat- terns of Adult and Larval Shrimp in Aransas Pass (Tex.) Inlet: The concrete pond sodded with mud and grass in March 1963 and stocked with representative populations, including shrimp from Red Fish Bay, was seined inJuly. Although all specimens were removed, no shrimp were taken. They had apparently died or been eaten. Shrimp were not present in similar habitat in Red Fish Bay at the time the pond was seined, but were found in deeper, cooler water nearby. The inability of the pond shrimp to avoid high temperature and low oxygen conditions may have been the main cause for the mortality. Tide-trap samples were taken several times a week. In general, the biomass (including shrimp) was less dur- ing flood tides than during ebb. With the exception of a period in mid-July 1963, most shrimp were taken when the moon was full. The examination of plankton samples from Aransas Pass was not completed. Catches of planktonic forms of shrimp were greatest at the bottom during the day. During hours of darkness, catches were equally dis- tributed between surface and bottom samples, The largest catch of postlarvae was made during June 1963, After an almost complete absence of penaeid shrimp larvae in July 1963, their numbers increased in early August. Abundance of Postlarval Shrimp in Mississippi Sound and Adjacent Waters: Regular sampling at 18 stations in Mississippi Sound and adjacent waters was continued, Postlarval white shrimp were present throughout the sampled area with the average catch per station being greatest in July 1963, The numbers of postlarvalbrown shrimp taken earlier this year indicated a good com- mercial season and shrimp production approached a record high in June 1963, The numbers of postlarvae taken during the summer of 1963 almost equalled the spring catch, Salinity remained high throughout the area. Abundance and Distribution of Pink Shrimp Larvae on the Tortugas Shelf of Florida: Plankton samples continued to be collected from Buttonwood Canal at Flamingo Bridge using a 3-inch centrifugal pump, Pre- liminary analysis of samples taken since October 1962 suggests that pink shrimp postlarvae are alternately planktonic and benthic at the time they enter the canal, This difference in behavior appears to be associated with light intensity and direction of tidal flow. Post- larvae were found to enter Buttonwood Canal through- out the year. Six cruises to sample plankton over portions of the Tortugas shelf were completed aboard the vessel Miss Vol. 25, No. 12 Fleta, One station was occupied for 24 hours on the July 30-August 1, 1963, cruise. The number of Penaeus larvae taken at that station during midday was nearly double the number taken around midnight, Postlarvae dominated the midnight tows and protozoea were most abundant during the midday tows. Pink Shrimp. Juvenile Phase of the Life History of the Pink Shrimp in Everglades National Park Nursery Grounds: A new Channel net, designed and built by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, was put into operation on July 30, 1963, The performance of the net was very satisfactory. The wing nets were rehung with webbing identical to that used in the channel net. A preliminary comparison of the catches of the wing nets with those of the channel net show good agreement in size composition and range. The number of shrimp caught in the wing nets varied from 18 to 32 percent of the total sample. It is planned to reduce the amount of sampling with the channel net as long as the relative catch of the wing and channelnets remain comparable, SHRIMP DISTRIBUTION STUDIES: M/V “Gus IIT” Cruise GUS 9 (Septem- ber 22-October 5, 1963): Catches of brown shrimp were moderate to good during this cruise off the coast of Louisiana and Texas by the chartered vessel Gus III, The vessel (operated by the Galveston Biological Labora- tory of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- 02]x91N VNVISINOT ( {—_|_ ———— Shows the station pattern for the shrimp distribution studies in the Gulf of Mexico during 1963. December 1963 eries) was engaged in a continuing study of the distribution of shrimp in the Gulf of Mexico. Hight statistical areas (13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21) were covered, One 3-hour tow with a 45-foot shrimp trawl was made in each of 3 depth ranges (0-10, 10-20, andover 20 fathoms) in those areas. Work was ham- pered on the eastern portion of the cruise by unusually heavy seas. The best catches of brown shrimp during the cruise were made in 10-20 fathoms off Cameron, La., and Galveston, Tex. Those waters also produced large catches of small white shrimp from under 10 fathoms. Area 17 yielded 89 pounds of 21-25 count brown shrimp from 10-20 fathoms, 38 pounds of 21-25 count brown shrimp from over 20 fathoms, and 64 pounds of over 68 count white shrimp from the depth under 10 fathoms. Area 18 pro- duced a catch of 54 pounds of 15-20 count brown shrimp from the 10-20 fathom range, 36 pounds of 15-20 count brown shrimp from over 20 fathoms, and 47 pounds of 51-67 count white shrimp fromunder 10fathoms. In area 19, a tow at the 10-20 fathom depth yielded 158 pounds of 21-25 count brown shrimp. The other areas yielded fair catches of brown shrimp as follows: 30 pounds (26-30 count) from over 20 fathoms in area 13; 39 pounds (21-25 count) from over 20 fathoms in area 16; 36 pounds (31-40 count) from the COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 33 10-20 fathom depth in area 20; and 33 pounds (26-30 count) from 10-20 fathoms in area 21, The catch of pink shrimp did not exceed two pounds at any station during the cruise. Notes: (1) Shrimp catches are heads-on weight; shrimp sizes are the number of heads-off shrimp per pound. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, Oct. 1963 p. 23. Hawaii FISHERY LANDINGS, 1962: Landings of fish and shellfish in the State of Hawaii during 1962 totaled 13.2 million pounds valued at $2.8 million ex-vessel. Com- pared with 1961, this was a decrease of 1.3 million pounds or 9 percent in quantity and $76,900 or 3 percent in value. The decline in quantity in 1962 was due largely to a reduction in skipjack tuna land- ings which fell 1.5 million pounds below the level of the previous year. The catchofskip- jack amounted to 9.4 million pounds--400,000 pounds less than the 1948-62 average of 9.8 million pounds, The decrease fulfilled pre- dictions made early in 1962 of a slightly be- low average skipjack year. The best yield of skipjack (2.3 million pounds) occurredin June, when there was a great influx of 25-pound fish, which had not been present previously. x STATE OF Kei! Chonnel PACIFIC OCEAN ae, HAWAI!I MOLOKAI 0 on (a ? aor? 1 pie LANAI a KAHOOLAWE HAWAII 34 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Million Pounds 10 ; | 8 Eo ad 6 4 2 is 1955 1956 19571958 1959 1960 1961 ~1962| Hawaii tuna catch, 1955-62. After this month of peak production, the quan- tity dropped sharply. Other important species which declined included black marlin, down 87,100 pounds and big-eyed scad, down 66,400 pounds. Among the species which showed increased landings were big-eyed tuna and jack macker- el, up 183,000 and 179,600 pounds, respec- tively. Tuna accounted for 84 percent of the quantity and 68 percent of the value ofall fish- ery products landed in Hawaii, Oahu led the islands in landings with 10.1 million poundsor 77 percent of the total. The Island of Hawaii was next with 1.6 million pounds, followed by Maui with 1.2 million pounds. The remainder of the catch was landed at ports on the Islands of Molokai, Kauai, and Lanai. The 1962 catch was takenby 817 fishermen. Fishing craft operated during the year included 60 vessels of 5 net tons and over, 318 motor boats, and 20 other boats. SKIPJACK TUNA LANDINGS, JANUARY-SEPTEMBER 1963: Skipjack tuna landings in Hawaii in Septem- ber 1963 were about 580,000 pounds, 373,000 pounds below the 1948-62 average for the month, The cumulative total catch for Jan- uary-September 1963 was 7.3 million pounds almost 1,4 million pounds below the 1948-62 average for the period. 2 During September there were 69 produc- tive trips, giving an average of 5,818 pounds Vol. 25, No. 12 per productive trip. Individual catches ranged from 197 pounds to 20,000 pounds. LF PTS Industrial Fishery Products U.S. FISH MEAL AND SOLUBLES: Production and Imports, January-August 1963: Based on domestic production and imports, the United States available supply of fish meal for January~August 1963 amounted to 439,923 short tons--27,049 tons (or 6.6 percent) more than during the same period in 1962. Domestic production was 47,099 tons (or 21.6 percent) less, but imports were 74,148 tons (or 38.0 percent) higher than in the same period in 1962, Peru continued to lead other countries with shipments of 201,764 tons. The United States supply of fish solubles (including ho- mogenized fish) during January-August 1963 amounted to 77,361 tons--a decrease of 18,182 tons as compared with the same period in 1962, Domestic production and imports dropped 17.6 percent and 44,8 percent, respectively. fu. S. Supply of Fish Meal and Solubles, January~August 1963 with Comparisons Item shelisel (SHOGONS) freemen Fish Meal and Scrap: Domestic production: IMenhadenteiemeweteteieweial sien sten eis 135,185/171,687 Tuna and mackerel......... RIDA? G'G9 0 Glo Gol noo. ooo CUMS Ge boddosdseooooue [ieee otal production......... 170,779|217,878 | 311,232 Imports: (Ganadaereretencheienelsteieneteien ne 35,739| 30,765 | 42,806 IPED gb 00 O01 010.019.0400 '0.8-0 201,764/146,195 | 186,249 Gwe sssooobosoodbo0000 22,637) 8,146 9,247 So. Africa Republic 516 5,975) 9,184 10,084 Otherscountrvesmerew-weneweielelenell« 3,029 706 3,921 (otalyimpontseeiemenemeheienele 269,144/194,996 | 252,307 Available fish meal supply..... 439,923/412,874 | 563,539 Fish Solubles: Domestic production 2/,...... 74,592] 90,525 Imports: Ganadayasiaiveioienee ters ienetenenone 5 1,541 795 (OGUEN Gls Sy eco Oo dn Blob Gon a 2,205 sof AtricayRepublich.)icyeiseleuens 191 1,091 OtherscoOuntervesiewenewelsiicisieiencue 1,037 927 Motaleiumpoxrtsieveveleloveleereueie 2,769| 5,018 6,308 Available fish solubles supply ..| 77,361] 95,543 | 130,642 Preliminary. 50-percent solids. Includes production of homogenized condensed fish. U.S. FISH MEAL, OIL, AND SOLUBLES: Production, August 1963: Although production of meal, oil, and solubles during August 1963 was more than for the same month last year, production during January-August 1963 was significantly less than for the same periodin 1962, During August 1963, fish meal and scrap production amounted to 42,486 tons--83 percent from menhaden, December 1963 i i renames Pers |(} e \ inl Fish being delivered to the dehydration plant for processing. Fish solubles and homogenized fish amounted to 18,087 tons, and marine animal oil totaled 34,2 million pounds-- 88 percent from menhaden. Compared with August 1962, production of fish meal and scrap was up 5 percent, fish solubles and homogenized fish up 8 percent, and marine animal oil up 3 percent. Table 1 - U, S, Production of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles, August 1963 1/with Comparisons August Jan.~Aug. Total Product 1/1963 1962 | 1/1963 1962 1962 le eievelieleleleicicteta (Short Tons) ...0.. 5.2.05 Fish Meal and Scrap; Orr ing er ateleTelslchois}=ilsieleseieletelels 2,401 1,115 5,127 3,811 5,09: Menhaden 2/..... 35,379 | 33,712] 135,185 | 171,687 | 238,68 Sardine, Pacific = 17 9 665 702) Tuna and mackerel ee 2,318 2,111] 13,969 | 19,227 26,559 Unclassifiediaj).s1..ocses se see] 2,388 3,485] 16,489 | 22,488 27,297] Ter osapdusosaaeooduooGs 42,486 | 40,440] 170,779 | 217,878 | 298,33 Shellfish, marine-animal meal and scrap . 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 12,899 Grand total meal and scrap....... 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 311,232 Fish solubles: pilVienhacentafalevsns) o's) creas sueustiors. me. eters 15,442 | 12,860| 55,366 | 61,369 84,885} Oth exdmorererNetetsrcurtonciste, cherveheleyeuchetete 1,883 3,101 12,092 20,286 28,353) Total wes ee viele cis cjereis sie eee 17,325 15,961 67,458 81,655 113,238] = condensed fish .......- 6 762 850 7,134 8,870 11,096 IL wee ute eee (1,000 Pounds).........-.,4] Oil, Eoay: Herring 2,246 1,515 4,672 4,117 5,255] Menhaden2/ ... 30,169 | 30,400 | 120,086 | 162,592 | 237,815 Sardine, Pacific o 10 = 158 167 Tuna and mackerel.... . . 811 625 2,854 3,328 5,175) Other (including whale).........005 1,010 844 6,312 6,493 7,396 4 TotaltoilWevereta tere neneNenstelstadeee de eee 34,236 | 33,394 | 133,924 |176,688 | 255,808] /Preliminary data. B/lucludes a small quantity of thread herring. /Not available on a monthly basis. te: Beginning with February 1963, fish oil is chown in pounds instead of gallons. Conversion factor, 7.75 pounds equal 1 gallon. The quantity of fish meal and scrap processed during the first 8 months of 1963 amounted to 170,779 tons~- 47,099 tons less than the same period of 1962, Fish sol- ubles and homogenized fish production totaled 74,592 tons--a decrease of 15,933 tons, Production of marine animal oil amounted to 134.0 million pounds~-a decrease of 42,8 million pounds, oe ok ook sk sk Major Indicators for U.S. Supply, Septem- ber 1963: United States production of fish COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 35 meal and fish oil in September 1963 was low- er by 21.1 and 36,8 percent, respectively, as compared with September 1962, Fish solu- bles production was down 3.3 percent, ane Major Indicators for U.S, Supply of Fish Meal, Solubles, and Oil, September 1963 Ee and Period 1963 | 1962 | 1961 a 1960 | 1959 Fish Meal: ee Wel ehebeierem (SHOGtMTONS))imenereticnec sional Production 1/: November...... = 11,023] 10,058] 8,725] 10,797 OctoberBarnepeneileie = 36,614] 16,852] 24,455] 22,026 September .....| 24,604 January-August . .[170,779/217,878| 228,757 Jan.~Dec. prelim, totalse2i/Prcnereden Jan.-Dec, final Toi - _ |288,336|289,039 = [311,232/311,265 Imports: November...... =, 11,904] 25,649 Mctobexpene es cieder- 5 12,732] 9,425 + September ..... = 13,698] 13,941 January~August . .[269,144|194,996] 145,199 - -1252,307/217,845 Jan.-Dec. totals. . [eee Fish Solubles: Production 3/: November...... a 4,147] 5,153 October .......| - | 15,510) 8,418 September... ..| 11,609| 12,009| 11,415| 12,367| 25,651 January-August . | _74,592| 90,525] 79,426| 76,390|126,826 Jan.-Dec. prelim. tOtalSiowcwebenes owes = Jan.-Dec, final tty = 124,334/112,241| 98,929|165,359 120,886]109,018/106,361 899 1 ——— Imports: November.... C 435) 3,649 282] 3,089 Octoberjsan. rercite = 290 110 =. 1,908 1,732 - 178| 263 38 2,769| 5,018] 2,245| 2,794] 19,481 = al 6,308] 6,739] 3,174| 26,630 January-Aug. . Jan.~Dec, totals September ... ; ta Pl eieetore ss (12000) Pounds) !5/27eenenettene Fish Oils: Production: November.... = 7,956] 10,539] 9,315] 8,887 October ,..... 39,563] 14,734] 23,439] 16,866 September .... January~August . Jan.~Dec. prelim. ieentotals¢4)/ieln.e wens Jan.* Dec. final tot. 19,419| 30,723| 24,988| 30,530] 22,383 133,924|176,688|196,580 |132,515|124,228] = 257,131|259,400 |206,848 |189,240 S 255,808/ 266,670 |215,861 Exports: November...... = 171 1,425] 14,640 @ctober ves! ssi. o 26,003} 15,202} 4,434 September ..... = 219| 9,521] 13,959] 8,469 January-August.. 9 2 164,602] 96,405 eel 94,836] 96,001 Jan.~Dec., totals. . = 123,050|122,486 [143,659 |144,481) ["I7Does not include crab meat, shrimp, and misc. meals. 2/Preliminary data computed from monthly data, Fish meal production reported cur- ™ rently comprised 90 percent for 1959, 89 percent for 1960, 93 percent for 1961 and 3/Includes homogenized fish. 4/Preliminary data computed from monthly data, Represents over 95 percent of the total production. 5/Beginning with March 1963 fish oil is shown in pounds instead of gallons. Conversion factor, 7.75 pounds equal 1 gallon, |Note: Data for 1963 are preliminary. CO Oe le ob, Es He ok ok ook ok Production, September 1963: Preliminary data on U.S, production of fish meal, oil, and solubles for September 1963 as collected by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and submitted to the International Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers are shown in the table. 36 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol, 25, No. 12 U.S. Production!/ of Fish Meal, Oil, and Solubles, September 1963 (Preliminary) with Comparisons September 1963: East & Gulf Coasts S20 West Coast@/ . 2 24,604] 19,419 | 11,527 Jan. -Sept. 1963 ibs Heal MOEA Weaeslontata 195, 383 | 153, 343 | 78,985 7,216 at als da 203,712 | 93,023 8,065 stead of gallons. Conversion factor, 7.75 pounds equal 1 gallon, Maine Sardines CANNED STOCKS INCLUDED IN BUREAU OF THE CENSUS SURVEY: Notice was given in the Federal Register, October 31, 1963, that the U.S. Bureau of the Census plans to conduct its annual survey of inventories covering 29 canned and bottled products, including vegetables, fruits, juices, and fish as of December 31, 1963. Canned Maine sardines is the only fishery product that willbe included in the survey. This survey, together with the previous surveys, provides the only continuing source of information on stocks of the specified canned foods held by wholesalers and in the warehouses of retail multiunit organizations, Reports will not be required from allfirms but will be limited to a scientifically selected sample of wholesalers and retail multiunit or- ganizations handling canned foods, in order to provide year-end inventories of the specified canned food items with measurable reliability. In addition, a number of selected multiunit firms will be requested to provide informa- tion on the location of establishments main- taining canned food stocks but not currently reporting in the Canned Food Survey. ous month, Prices for shucked standard oysters at Norfolk were lower (down 1.6 percent) from September to October and were proportionately lower when compared with the same month a year earlier, As compared with the same month in 1962, the subgroup index this October was down 13.9 percent. Lower fresh shrimp prices at New York City (down 28,2 percent) than a year earlier were largely re- sponsible for the drop although this was offset partly by a substantial 23.6=percent increase in prices for fresh had- dock fillets, The slight increase this October in the subgroup index for processed frozen fish and shellfish (up 0,1 percent) was due to higher prices for small haddock fillets (up 8.3 per= cent) and a fractional increase in prices for ocean perch fil- lets. The price rise for those products was almost cane celled out by a 4.6-percent drop in frozen shrimp prices at Chicago (wholesale prices down 3 cents a pound), The sub- group this October was 20.5 percent below the same month a year earlier as a direct result of lower frozen shrimp prices this October which were down more than one-third from October 1962, The October price index for canned fishery products rose 0.3 percent from the previous month because of higher prices for canned Maine sardines. October shipments by canners were reported heavy and this was largely responsie ble for the market advance. The pack of Maine sardines through October was about 1.6 million cases compared with more than 2 million cases in the 1962 season, Prices for canned tuna were steady and unchanged from September to October but dropped for canned pink salmon (down 2.1 per= cent). Prices for all canned items in the subgroup this Oc= tober were below those of a year earlier and the price in= dex was lower by 7.7 percent. 48 International EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY INVITATION TO ATTEND WEST EUROPEAN FISHERIES CONFERENCE ACCEPTED: The European Economic Community (EEC) Council of Ministers at a meeting on Septem- ber 25, 1963, in Brussels accepted the United Kingdom's invitationtoa West European Fish- eries Conference in London beginning Decem- ber 3, 1963, according to a report in Vestky- sten, a Danish newspaper published in Esb- jerg. There was, however, no agreement a- mong EEC members on the agenda. France did not wish to participate in discussions of trade in fish when a fishery policy for the Common Market has not yet been worked out. From the discussion at the Council meet- ing it appeared that the understanding of the EEC countries was that at the London confer- ence there would be an ordinary review of the problems without the participants committing themselves either on trade in fishor the ex- tension of fishery limits. The EEC Commission's vice president, stated that the Commission will submit afirst proposal for a common fishery policy in the first quarter of 1964. A spokesman for the Commission added that the common fishery policy should be ready about the latter part of 1964 and that the London conference could be resumed then. A Danish Ministry of Fisheries spokesman, who probably will be on the Danish delegation, confirmed France's reluctance to be commit- ted to any thing at the Conference. (Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe, U. 5. Embassy, Copenhagen, September 27, 1963.) FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION MEETING ON THE USE OF PROTEIN-RICH FOODS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the United Nations Children's Fund COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No.12 ee = Ser USE eed —————_— === N = ===> —————$= TR YR EIGI held a meeting with the food industries and prominent nutritional scientists in Rome from October 21-25, 1963, in order to stimulate the production and use of protein-rich foods in developing areas. From investigations during the last ten years it became clear that protein deficiency of the diet, particularly of young children, is one of the major nutritional problems inmany of the developing regions of the world. This consideration led to intensive work by FAO and other United Nations organizations to aid governments in the development and use of cheap protein-rich foods. In addition to expanded agricultural produc - tion of protein-rich foods of conventional kinds such as meat, fish, milk, and products made from them, intensive efforts are in progress to utilize currently unused sources of proteins for human feeding. Two major sources of such proteins are fish flour and flours obtain- ed from oil seeds, such as groundnuts, sesa- me, cottonseed, soybean, etc. Progress has already been achieved in producing high-pro- tein foods from such materials for human feeding, but the production is satisfying only a fraction of the need, The major reasons are the difficulties involved in the large-scale production, introduction and marketing of such new foods. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss these problems with representatives December 1963 International (Contd.): of the food industries with the hope that the meeting would enhance progress and lead to the quicker availability of commercially-pro- duced low-cost protein-rich foods. The plans formulated called for a meeting of about 50 participants from United Nations agencies, interested industries, and scien- tists. On the agenda were nine basic infor- mation papers with the following titles: (1) Protein malnutrition as a clinical problem. (2) Availability of edible protein concen- trates--present and future. (3) Nutritional suitability and safety con- siderations. (4) Problem of low-cost packaging of foods in tropical areas, (5) Processing requirements and quality characteristics. (6) Current situation concerning aflatoxin. (7) Acceptability testing and marketing problems. (8) Contacts and cooperation between gov- ernments, United Nations agencies, and the food industry. (United States Embassy, Rome, October 3, 1963.) GULF AND CARIBBEAN FISHERIES INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES PROBLEMS DISCUSSED AT MIAMI MEETING: Among the problems discussed at length during the 16th annual meeting (November 11-15, 1963), of the Gulf and Caribbean Fish- eries Institute was the challenge to the Unit- ed States fishing industry in its home waters by great numbers of foreign fishing vessels. Georges Bank, which is New England's tradi- tional fishing grounds, is virtually covered by a forest of masts. Many are large Soviet stern-trawlers, veritable floating fish-fac- tories with machinery for processing their catch. These modern vessels are said to utilize every part of the fish they catch. In the Pacific, the Japanese have petition- ed the North Pacific Fisheries Commission for a bigger slice of the extensive salmon, halibut, and king crab resources. In the Gulf of Mexico, other foreign vessels, including Soviet trawlers, are reported operating off the Mississippi Delta. United States fisher- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 49 men claim that their own catches are suffer- ing from the competition on home fishing grounds. Senator Ernest Gruening of Alaska pro- poses a 12-mile limit for fishing to protect United States interests. In his opening ad- dress at the meeting he explained how legis~- lation he is sponsoring in the present session of Congress would prevent foreign fishing fleets from encroaching on traditional United States grounds, But if the United States extends her terri- torial limits for fishing purposes, will other countries retaliate by denying United States fishermen access to areas now being used? Shrimp fishermen, tuna fishermen, and others are alarmed at this possibility as much of their catch is produced off foreign shores. (Prolific shrimp beds are found off the east coast of Mexico while great numbers of tuna are caught commercially off the west coast of South America.) At the meeting, Dr. W.M. Chapman of San Diego, Calif., spokesman for the tuna industry, voiced his industry's fears in regard to the impending legislation. Other speakers at the meeting described measures being taken by scientists and the government to assist fisheries in the Western Hemisphere. The Federal Government is spending $750,000 annually on studies of com- mercially-valuable shrimp in the Gulf of Mexi- co. Similar studies are being conducted on other important fisheries. Achievements made in these fields of research were topics of papers and discussions on November 12 and 14, Seafood and Public Health was the theme of the sessions on November 13. Reports were made on research done by the U.S. Public Health Service in safeguarding our sea- food. Dr. C. P. Li explained work that has led to the discovery of new pharmaceuticals in shellfish. Dr. Albert H. Banner and his research team in Hawaii reported on their success in identifying the agents causing the tropical fish poisoning known as ciguatera. The Future for Caribbean Fisheries was the subject of reports on November 15, Pa- pers described measures being taken to ex- pand the production of seafood. Dudley Wiles, Fishery Officer of Barbados, described fish- ing methods which are especially suitable for the small fishing boats in the Caribbean. 50 International (Contd.): The 16th annual meeting was sponsored by the Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE TROPICAL ATLANTIC EQUALANT II COMPLETED: EQUALANT II, the second phase of the In- ternational Cooperative Investigations of the Tropical Atlantic (ICITA), was completed in September 1963. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 12 the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Com- mission (IOC), was adopted, and the Interna- tional Coordinator was requested to develop schedules, plans, and details with the partic- ipants, and to coordinate their activities. The proposal evisioned that (1) each par- ticipant, as applicable, would undertake a program rather loosely defined as a ''pri- mary mission,'' which would be coordinated to the degree practicable; and (2) a 15-day program of observations common to all ves- sels would be included. It was the consensus of opinion that the 15-day multiple-vessel, i! MALASPINA. ” (NIGERIA) USCG CUTTER CASCO PEI ERE LE OE LOE LOE ET TM a % Nya [ 25° lg PILSQURY (UNIV. OF MIAMI ) REINE PQrOU (ivORY CAST) EQUALANT II was planned asa 15-day multiship synoptic research program, to measure Selected physical, chemical, biolog- ical, meteorological, geological, and geophys - ical properties of the Tropical Atlantic Ocean. Most of the planned objectives were achieved but because some ships did not reach the sur- vey area on schedule, the program was not entirely synoptic. Slot ato seal steele OES ES ES ts PLANS FOR EQUALANT III: A proposal for an EQUALANT III was dis- cussed during the July 1963 meeting of the International Coordination Group (ICG) for the International Cooperative Investigations of the Tropical Atlantic (ICITA). The pro- posal, which had been referred to the ICG by synoptic program should not duplicate EQUALANT I and II. It was suggested that direct current meas- urements should be taken during EQUALANT III using anchored buoys, current meters, and drogues or combinations thereof. It was al- so suggested that new observation stations to a depth of 1,000 meters would be a valuable supplement to the existing program. The new stations would help to relate physical proper- ties (temperature, salinity, oxygen and, if practicable, inorganic phosphates) to currents. They couldalsobe used to relate geostrophic considerations to direct current measure- ments. (Newsletter, September 30, 1963, Na- tional Oceanographic Data Center.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1963 p. 78. December 1963 International (Contd.): INTERNATIONAL PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES COMMISSION EXCESSIVE MORTALITY OF SOCKEYE SALMON IN FRASER RIVER SYSTEM UNDER STUDY: The International Pacific Salmon Fisher - ies Commission met in an emergency session on October 4, 1963, to consider staff reports on the escapement and spawning of Fraser River sockeye and pink salmon. At the beginning of the season it was noted that the runs of sockeye were ten days earlier than normal and the escapement was extreme- ly heavy, particularly to the Chilko and Stellako areas, Those runs passed through the Fraser River during a tie-up of the Canadian fishermen. Since earlier than normal escapements usual- ly encounter warm water when arriving onthe spawning grounds and because heavy popula- tion density seems to be a dangerous factor under such a circumstance, the Commission staff was alert to the possibility of a mortality of unspawned fish. Such a mortality of un- spawned sockeye occurred in 1961, especially in the Horsefly River where the run was early, water temperatures were high, and a fairly large population of spawners was present. Early in September 1963, mortalities of unspawned sockeye started to occur in prac- tically all major spawning areas anda special- ist in fish diseases was retained as a consul- tant to the Commission to work in conjunction with the Commission staff. The specialist is a Research Instructor of microbiology in the School of Medicine at the University of Wash- ington, An examination of sockeye on the Stellako spawning grounds revealed a heavy infestation by columnaris, a bacterial disease that erodes the gill filaments and causes le- sions in fish. While some infestation of col- umnaris was found in the sockeye dying at Chilko, the majority of the fish died without any apparent indication of the disease. The mortality at Chilko may reach 90 per- cent of the total escapement which is esti- mated at about 800,000 sockeye. At Stellako, the mortality rate will be less than at Chilko because of a late arriving segment of the population but the total number of unspawned fish certainly will exceed 100,000. While it istooearlyto assess accurately the over-all mortality of sockeye in the Upper Fraser Watershed, the number may approach 900,000 fish, Such a loss of spawners is obviously COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 51 serious to the industry and to the management program of the Commission. Whatever the reason for the 1963 mortali- ty of sockeye--and it can be extremely com- plex--there still remains the possibility that any future mortality can be lessened or elim- inated either by further control of the escape- ments from year to year with better coopera- tion on the part of the fishing industry or in some cases by temperature controls where cold water is available. Columnaris, while being the direct cause of death at Stellako during 1963, and at Horsefly in 1961, is ap- parently not the basic problem for sockeye died in large numbers at Chilko without any apparent evidence of disease. The Commission recognizes its responsi- bilities in reaching a full understanding of the problem as soon as possible even though a control of the situation may be beyond its reach. The mortalities in 1961 at Horsefly and at Chilko and Stellako in 1963, are not only major blows to the future economy of the Fraser River fishery, but are most dis- turbing to the members of an organization dedicated to bringing the Fraser River sock- eye and pink salmon runs into full production. During the coming winter available experts in the appropriate fields of physiology, bac- teriology, and genetics will be asked to par- ticipate in aiding the Commission in its in- vestigations of this most serious problem. In regard to pink salmon, the reports by staff observers from the watershed indicate that escapements of both the early and late Fraser runs are favorable although accurate figures will not be available for some time. The late run escapement was expected to con- tinue in smaller numbers to about the middle of October. Pink Salmon Good escapements of the early pink run were recorded above Hell's Gate and in the Thompson River and Seton Creek. In the latter area the artificial spawning channel was filling rapidly and as of October was al- ready approaching its estimated capacity of 10,000 fish. 52 International (Contd.): Natural water levels in all pink salmon spawning areas are favorable and the fish are in excellent condition. Record high water temperatures prevail because of the unusual warm weather but no mortality of unspawned pink salmon has occurred and there does not appear to be any reason for the time being to anticipate any because of the condition of fish actually spawning. NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES CONVENTION SECOND MEETING IN TOKYO FAILS TO RESOLVE PROBLEMS: The second meeting of the Parties to the International Convention for the High Seas Fisheries of the North Pacific Ocean which began in Tokyo on September 16, 1963, came to a close on October 7. The delegations from Canada, Japan, and the United States, giving due consideration to each other's position and problems clarified at the first meeting held at Washington, D.C., in June 1963, continued their deliberations in a very frank and friendly manner with a view’ to working out a mutually satisfactory solu- tion. During the course of the meeting the United States delegation submitted a new draft Con- vention incorporating various modifications to the Japanese draft Convention presented at the Washington meeting. The United States draft Convention offered a new stimulus to discussions at the meeting. The Japanese delegation proposed modifi- cations to the United States draft, pointing out that the draft amounts in effect to the maintenance of the situation prevailing under the present Convention. The Canadian dele- gation also submitted some modifications to the United States draft with special reference to certain salmon and herring stocks and the need for cooperation inthe broad field of fish- eries research, All three delegations fully discussed and examined these proposals and views, and exerted constructive and conciliatory efforts throughout the meeting to find mutually ac- ceptable means of resolving the problems, The latest meeting thus served a great deal to reduce the differences which existed be- tween the views of the three delegations at the conclusion of the Washington meeting. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 12 However, the three delegations deemed it difficult at the Tokyo meeting to come to com- plete agreement and concluded that it would be desirable to give further study to means of resolving the remaining differences in the views of the three countries in the light of the work of this later meeting. The three delegations, being encouraged with the results of this meeting and the hope- ful prospects for the future, decided to ad- journ and recommend to their respective Governments that a third meeting be convened in the spring of 1964, when further efforts would be made to reach agreement. In this connection the meeting took note of the hope expressed by the Canadian delegation that the next meeting would be held in Ottawa. (Press Release, October 7, 1963.) NORTH PACIFIC FUR SEAL CONVENTION PROTOCOL AMENDING INTERIM CONVENTION SIGNED: A Protocol amending the 1957 Interim Convention on Conservation of North Pacific Fur Seals was signed on October 8, 1963, in Washington, D. C., by representatives of the four Governments that are Parties to the Convention. Signing for the Government of the United States of America was the Deputy Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs. Signing for the Governments of Canada, Japan, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics were their Ambassadors in Washington. The Interim Convention has been in force since October 14, 1957. The provisions of the Pro- tocol reflect the recommendations adopted by the North Pacific Fur Seal Commission on November 30, 1962. The significant feature of the Protocol is the continuation of the Interim Convention for another 6-year period. The North Pacific Fur Seal Commission will continue its scien- tific investigations toward achieving the maxi- mum sustainable productivity of the fur seal resources of the North Pacific Ocean to the end that the fur seal populations canbe brought to and maintained at levels which will provide the greatest harvest year after year, with due regard to their relation to productivity of other living merine resources of the North Pacific. The protocol will later be submitted to the U. S. Senate for advice and consent to ratifi- cation, and will enter into force, follow- ing ratification by other Party Govern- ments. December 1963 International (Contd.): WORLD FISHERY CATCH FISHERY LANDINGS, 1962: World fishery production in 1962 increased by 8 percent over that in 1961, reaching anall- time high of 44,500,000 metric tons (live- weight basis), accordingtoa preliminary esti- mate prepared by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. Peru had the most spectacular increase in 1962 and was within a few thousand tons of overtaking Japan as the world's largest fish- producing nation. Mainland China remained Total Catch (Live Weight) of Fish and 1/1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Shellfish in Selected Countries, 1959-1962 and 1955-1959 Average 53 the third largest fishing nation of the world, although the computation of its catch (5 mil- lion tons) was based on estimates made by FAO. The Soviet Union exceeded its 1962 production goal of 3,900,000 tons and actually produced 4,100,000 tons, a gain of 26 percent over 1961. The United States remained in fifth place with a catch of 2,904,900 tons. Oth- er countries with 1962 fishery landings in ex- cess of 1 million tons were Norway with 1,338,000 tons, South Africa with 1,062,300 tons, and Spain with 1,023,800 tons. Countries reporting a substantial per- centage increase in fishery landings in1962 included Denmark (up 22.5 percent from 1961), Average 1955-59 China (Mainland) . .. United States. 2° eo e ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° SGnig commence melenie Spain (incl. Ceuta and Melilla) . India aisle| Tele) (eelteire Germany, Fed. Rep. «.....-. Denmark and Faroe Islands .. « « e « South Africa (incl. South West Africa) » Indonesia Iceland France eielioliewesisiva: lelheetiel efoliete 1959 catch--100,000 tons than 500,000: ..... Philippines... . Portugal ... Korea, Rep. of Burma... Netherlands . Korea, North Ralkistaniewee Chile alee Sweden ... Angola Taiwan Brazil . Italy . Thailand Mexico. . Poland .. Viet-Nam, Rep. of Congo (Leopoldville) Cambodia ....0.6. Federation of Malaya Morocco eo 6 © © © eo © @ © © © eo © © © © © © © © ee © © © © © eo ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° 5, 884.1 5,020.0 3,473.2 2, 890.8 2, 827.8 2,756.0 2,603.8 2, 152.4 815.3 1,575.2 1,751.2 1,054.4 1,025.9 =| HPAL 6,634.1 1/Preliminary. 2/Data not available; estimates used in computing world total catch. : Countries arranged in order of 1959 catch. : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 54 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW International (Contd.): Iceland (up 17.2 percent), Chile (up 48.6 per- cent), and France (up 18.4 percent). Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, January 1963 p. 75. SSE — VF Swe ee ee FISH MEAL AND OIL PRODUCTION AND EXPORTS, 1961-1962: Fish meal production in Argentina reached 4,520 metric tons in 1962 and is expected to jump to 20,000 tons in 1963. The expanding industry is centered in Mar del Plata where four reduction plants are located. Argentina Argentina's Production and Exports of Fish MealandOil, 1961-1962 Item Fish Meal: Production! j=.) .) - Production: Fish body oil . Shark liver oil 1/Includes 1,273 tons produced from fresh-water fish, 2/Includes 900 tons produced from fresh-water fish. Fish meal exports also increased in1962, Italy was the leading buyer of Argentine fish meal in 1962 with 48 percent of the total ex- ports, followed by West Germany with 19 per- cent, Belgium with 18 percent, Spain with 9 percent, and Brazil with 6 percent. (United States Embassy, Buenos Aires, September 14 and October 4, 1963.) Wy, Australia CANNED TUNA IMPORT DUTIES INCREASED: The Australian duty rates on canned tuna imports were increased on August 16, 1963, from 56 to 100 percent. The new rates of duty are as follows: British preferential rate, 1 shilling and 2 pence or about 13.08 U.S, cents a pound; most favored nation rate, 1 shilling 4 pence or about 14.90 U.S. cents a pound; and general rate, 1 shilling 7 pence or about 17.75 U. S. cents a pound. Prior to Au- gust 16, 1963, the rates were: British pref- erential rate, 7 pence or about 6.54 U. S. cents a pound; most favored nation rate, 9 Vol. 25, No. 12 pence or about 8.41 U.S. cents a pound; and the general rate, 1 shillingor about 11.21 U.S. cents a pound. Canned tuna is classified as Tariff Item 51 (c)(5). TK OOK OK OK OK DUTIES ON CANNED FISH INCREASED TEMPORARILY: In a report dated October 16, 1963, the Australian Special Advisory Authority recom- mended that a temporary additional duty of five Australian pence (about 4.75 U. S. cents) be levied on most canned fish items under Tariff Item 51 (C)(4). Regular rates are: British preferential rate, 1 pence (about 0.95 U. S. cents); and the most favored nationrate, 3 pence (about 2.85 U. S. cents), The tempo- rary duty will apply to goods in direct transit to Australia on September 30, 1963. Pilchard cutlets or fillets are not exempt from the increased duties, but canned (es- sentially) whole pilchards are exempt. (Unit- ed States Embassy, Canberra, October 24, 1963.) Bey Ene Ea) Eas Ey3 EXPORTS AND LANDINGS OF SPINY LOBSTERS, FISCAL YEAR 1962/63: Exports: Australia's total exports of spiny lobster products in fiscal year 1962/63 (July 1962-June 1963) were down 0.5 percent in quantity and 9.0 percent in value from those in the previous fiscal year. Lower exports of lobster tails in fiscal year 1962/63 were almost offset by a gain in shipments of whole lobsters. But declining prices for lobster tails in the dominant United States market re- sulted in a lower over-all value for the 1962/63 exports. rc Table 1 - Australian Exports of Spiny Lobster Products, Fiscal Year 1961/62 and 1962/63 1/1962/63 2/1961/62 Product and Country of Destination 1,000 Spiny Lobster Tails: United States ....., pO pis) IPE o\bi0lo 0 0 ad 122 61 136 1 3/ 3/ Canada = Tote nreL enn [ass 5,159 | 11,489 4 Spiny Lobsters, Whole: United States ...... 501 174 387 INS (6 Gloag. 0 dno Total exports of spiny lobster products .. [10,331 December 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 55 Australia (Contd.): be made whether to extend it or change to a different type of vessel. The survey may con- tinue for two years. A meeting of the Queens - land Commonwealth survey committee was to be held September 28, 1963, to appraise the results of the survey. Landings: Australian landings of spiny lobsters in fiscal year 1962/63 were up 5.7 percent from the previous year due mainly to greater production in Western Ausiralia and South Australia. The Director of Fisher- ies in Western Australia reported that heavier A private firm has installed and equippeda fishing base at Karumba, including the provi- Table 2 = Australian Landings of Spiny Lobsters, ‘by States, Fiscal Years 1956/57-1962/63 (1,000 Pounds2/) . « « 4,700 4,025 337k 3,500 4,250 4,460 4,385 1/Catch by Victorian fishermen in Tasmanian waters has been included in Tasmania landings. 2 /Live-weight basis. landings resulted from an increase in fishing effort, and that the catch per fishing unit would be below the average of the previous year. (Fisheries Newsletter, October 1963.) GULF OF CARPENTARIA SURVEYED FOR SHRIMP RESOURCES: Three Australian expeditions are survey- ing the Gulf of Carpentaria for possible shrimp resources, The joint Queensland Commonwealth sur- vey in the southeastern portion of the Gulf is being carried out with the 48-foot vessel Rama, chartered from a commercial fishing company. The initial charter runs to De- cember 31, 1963, after which a decision will GULF OF CARPENTARIA. 1. WesselI, 2. Blue Mud Bay. 3. Groote Ey- landt. 4, MoringtonI. 5. Burketown on Albert R. 6. Karumba and7. Normanton, both on Norman R. 8. Weipa. 9, Cape York. 10, Dash-dot line marks outer boundary of present sur- vey area. sion of fresh water, food, and supplies, ice- making plant, and ice storage, also an elec- tric plant for power and light. Power ashore is produced by three Diesel-driven alterna- tors with a combined capacity of over 300 hp. The electricity and ice plants were carried to the Gulf from Sydney by semitrailers while wharfage poles went overland from North Queensland. All other equipment and stores were carried from Fremantle in the company's 300-ton freezer vessel Laakanuki. This ves- sel, which the company has been using as a mothership for processing lobster tails in Western Australia, is being similarly em- ployed in the Gulf shrimp enterprise. She is equipped with two blast freezers, brine freez- er, and 100 tons of refrigerated storage, and is powered by two 200 hp. Diesels, plus aux- iliaries for compressors, etc. The company had 7 shrimp trawlers work- ing by arrangement in the Gulf area at the end of July, but two left the area in August owing to unavoidable delay in installing and equip- ping the Karumba base and inability to locate shrimp in the area. A spokesman said that any fishermen who might go all the way to the Gulf in hope of success inthis experimental stage, without having made sure of all the necessary sup- plies and facilities, would inevitably be dis- appointed. Firstly,’ he said, ''shrimp must be lo- cated and caught, and to date we have found them just as elusive as they have proved to be elsewhere. The next problem to be faced is that of processing facilities, and before operating at all, fishermen would need 56 Australia (Contd.): to have assured themselves, in that remote and isolated area, of continuing supplies of such essential needs as fresh water, fuel, and . W ice. It was also pointed out that, owing to the isolation of the area, it is necessary to have essential plant available in duplicate, and to have adequate stocks of all spare parts likely to be required for plant, vessel equipment, and fishing gear, lack of which might bring fishing to a stop perhaps just when shrimp had been located. In the initial stages, the Karumba based company in their fishing operations are fol- lowing the pattern laid down by the Rama survey. In these stages the company plans to road freight catches in refrigerated trucks to the Queensland east coast for processing, but it could process shrimp on the spot, ready for export, if warranted and provided that the necessary labor could be obtained, Another Australian firm is operating 6 chartered shrimp trawlers. This company is working these vessels westerly from Mornington Island outside the official survey area so that an extended area of the Gulf will be explored. Five of the vessels are freezer vessels and the sixth has brine tanks. This firm is thus independent of shore freezing and will freight Gulf catches in refrigerated trucks some 1,600 miles to its Tweed Heads processing works. The 6 vessels were steaming some 2,500 miles from Fremantle to the Gulf, via Darwin, and in mid-September, en route were testing shrimp resources in Buckingham Bay and Arnhem Bay, just outside the northwest corn- er of the Gulf. (Fisheries Newsletter, Octo- ber 1963.) He ok ok ok oe SHRIMP EXPORTS UP SHARPLY IN FISCAL YEAR 1962/63: Preliminary figures released by the Aus- tralian Commonwealth Statistician show a sharp increase in exports of both cooked and raw shrimp in 1962/63 over 1961/62 (fiscal years July-June). Exports of cooked shrimp rose from 71,026 pounds in 1961/62 to 247,342 pounds in 1962/63, an increase of 248 percent; raw shrimp exports reached 977,202 pounds in 1962/63, an increase of 1,853 percent over COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 12 Table 1 = Australian Exports of Cooked Shrimp 1962/631/ 1961/62 143,977 27,014 18,310 16,700 16,700 9,955 | 14,686 247,342 the 1961/62 exports of 50,027 pounds. A sig- nificant feature is the development of markets for cooked shrimp in France and for raw shrimp in Japan and the United States. (Aus- tralian Fisheries Newsletter, October 1963.) 1 OK OK OK MARKET FOR CANNED SARDINES AND PILCHARDS: Canned sardines and pilchards are im- ported into Australia, principally from the United Kingdom, Canada, Denmark, West Germany, Norway, Portugal, and South Africa. A limited amount comes from Morocco, also certain other unspecified countries supply small amounts. There are no recorded im- ports of pilchards or sardines from the Unit- ed States. A very few sardines are imported in 13 oz. cans, and some in cases of 50 cans but the majority are imported in cases of 100 cans. Few pilchards are imported into Australia from South Africa and are used primarily for native rations in New Guinea. These imports are declining because of complaints about the quality. (United States Consul, Sydney, Sep- tember 19, 1963.) | HS bs ts BS be December 1963 Australia (Contd.): SOUTH AUSTRALIA'S 1963 TUNA LANDINGS NOT UP TO EXPECTATIONS: Landings of tuna for the 1963 season in South Australia failed to reached the pre- season forecast of 5,000 short tons. Al- though the landings of 3,966 tons set another new record, the catch per vessel dropped from 191 tons in 1962 to 171 tons this sea- son. The total landings of tuna in South Aus- tralia have increased each year since the start of the fishery in 1958 from 593 tons to 3,710 tons in 1962, In contrast to the 1963 season as a whole, the first few weeks were extremely encour- aging. The first catches were landed on December 23, but no further landings were received until January 11. The season was in full swing by the end of January, and at the end of February, landings had reached 1,931 tons--almost double the figure for the corresponding period in 1962--but this was not to last. In March, landings lagged, in April catches were poor, and the figures for May were well below the corresponding fig- ures for 1962, However, one bright feature of the season was the relatively abundant bait supply--but bait is of little use if the fish will not rise to feed. The number of vessels increased this season--14 of the 18 vessels fishing last season returned and were joined by 9 others, giving a total of 23 vessels for the season. The loss, early in the season, of the 47-foot Smada emphasized the fact that tuna fishing can be a hazardous occupation. This was the second tuna boat to be lost without trace. After last season's record landings, it was suggested that handling and freezing facilities available at Port Lincoln might not be sufficient to handle an increase in production. Such was not the case, and all tuna landed were accepted by the cannery or freezers. A disappointing season from the point of view of most vessel owners has raised doubt as to the long-term potential oftunafishing. At present the fishery is not subject to any control, andbe- cause the industry has had aboom period over the last few years, more vessels have been at- tracted toit. It would appear that there are sufficient vessels to handle the fish available. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 57 Vessels are operating on immature fish, but it may be possible with the introduction of new techniques to exploit adult stocks and as a result greatly increase landings. How- ever, a change from the bait and pole method to any other technique would involve consider - able cost to the fisherman. (Fisheries News- letter, August 1963.) Bahamas JURISDICTION OVER TERRITORIAL WATERS AND ADJACENT SHELF ANNOUNCED: The Colonial Secretary of the Bahamas has announced that the territorial waters of the Colony are delimited by a line drawn 3 miles from low water mark or, in the case of bays and estuaries, from a closing line drawn at first point where they narrow to 10 miles in the width. He pointed out, however, that the boundaries of the Colony include the area of the continental shelf which lies be- neath the sea contiguous to the coasts of the Bahamas, and the Government of the Bahamas claims the right to enforce jurisdiction over this shelf. (United States Consulate, Nassau, September 20, 1963.) Cambodia NEW FISHERIES SERVICE VESSEL BUILT WITH UNITED STATES AID: In a ceremony on October 3, 1963, the United States Ambassador turned over to the Cambodian Fisheries Service a 31-foot steel vessel for uSe in research, development, and conservation of fresh-water fisheries. The vessel was constructed by a local firm ata cost of about US$14,000 to serve as a proto- type for construction of four more for the Fisheries Service. The five vessels repre- sent a United States grant to aid Cambodia in the development of its fisheries which con- tribute basic items in the Cambodian diet. (United States Embassy, Phnom Penh, Octo- ber 15, 1963.) 58 Canada COMMITTEE ON BRITISH COLUMBIA FISHING INDUSTRY PROBLEMS APPOINTED: The three Canadian Federal Government representatives on the Federal-Provincial Committee on price and wage disputes in the British Columbia fishing industry were an- nounced October 18, 1963, by the Federal Minister of Fisheries. Named as Federal representatives were the Area Director, Department of Fisheries, Vancouver, B. C., the Deputy Director of In- vestigations and Research, Department of Justice, Ottawa, and the Industrial Relations Officer, Department of Labor, Vancouver, 1B}, (Ge The decision to set up the committee was made in the summer of 1963, as the result of a dispute primarily concerning the mini- mum prices to be received by fishermenfrom the sale of fish in British Columbia. The dispute brought on what was considered to be a crisis in the west coast salmon fishing in- dustry and led to a joint announcement by the Federal Minister of Fisheries and the Minis- ter of Labor for British Columbia, in which they urged that fishing be resumed at once. Coupled with the appeal was the agreement by the Federal and Provincial governments to appoint a committee consisting of three representatives of each government to ex- amine, in detail, the problems concerned with price and wage disputes in the British Columbia fishing industry and to submit to both Governments recommendations of ac- tion necessary to minimize interruptions of fishing operations in the future. The three provincial representatives on the committee had been previously appointed by the British Columbia Government. (Ca- nadian Department of Fisheries, Ottawa, October 18, 1963.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1963 p. 59. Kk HK os OK Ok SALE OF SMOKED FISH IN AIR-SEALED CONTAINERS MAY BE PROHIBITED: The Canadian Minister of Fisheries made the following statement in the House of Com- mons on October 30, 1963. "The Departments of National Health and Welfare and of Fisheries have viewed with COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 12 concern the recent evidence from the United States, associating death from botulism with the consumption of specific types of smoked fish. During the past three years, nine deaths and a number of non-fatal cases of illness have been shown to be due to the presence in the smoked fish, of atoxic substance produced by a bacterium called Clostridium botulinum Type E. "No reports of similar illness have oc- curred in Canada during this period. "Canadian consumers should be informed that cooking destroys the toxic substance. Therefore, any food product eaten immedi- ately after thorough cooking is safe with re- gard to this type of poisoning. "Investigators of the two Departments have had this problem under study for about two years. Thereis evidenceto suggest that the practice of packing smoked fish in imper- meable plastic wrappers increases the risk of botulism from this product. "Accordingly, the two Departments are considering legislation to prohibit the sale of smoked fish packed in containers sealed to exclude air, unless the packaged product has been rendered commercially sterile by a suit- able heat process.'' (Information Branch, De- partment of Fisheries, Ottawa, Canada, Octo- ber 30, 1963.) 76 OK OK OK OK VESSEL CONSTRUCTION SUBSIDY PROGRAM: The Canadian Ship Construction Assistance Program was announced in May 1961 and be- gan to operate about six months later. By mid-October 1963, subsidy expenditures and commitments under the program had amounted to about C$59.6 million for some 238 vessels. In addition, subsidy applications had been filed for another 112 vessels, which, if approved, would raise the total cost of the program to about $110 million. A number of the vessels subsidized have been scallop draggers, trawlers, and miscel- laneous craft for fishermen. Other vessels aided by the subsidy have included ferries, barges, oil carriers, bulk carriers, harbor tugs, and a floating dry dock. December 1963 Canada (Contd.): The subsidy rate was reduced on March 31, 1963, from 40 to 35 percent of the cost of construction. (The subsidy rate for the construction of steel fishing trawlers over 75 feet in length for operation out of Atlantic ports continues to be 50 percent.) Subsidy applications were reported to have dropped sharply after the rate reduction and new ap- plications have been mainly for smaller ves- sels and barges. (United States Embassy, Ottawa, October 21, 1963.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, May 1963 p. 60. Denmark LOANS AND GRANTS TO FISHERMEN FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963: The Royal Danish Fisheries Bank in its 30th annual report and statement for the 1963 fiscal year (April 1, 1962-March 31, 1963), summarized the grants and loans to the Dan- ish fishing industry. During the 1963 fiscal year there were 158 applications for loans, slightly more than in the previous year. The Bank made 125 loans, totaling Kr. 14,257,700 (US$2,062,000) as compared with 160 loans amounting to Kr. 30,509,000 ($4,411,000) in the previous year. The loans were divided as follows in fiscal 1963: purchase of new vessels, 92 (US$1,904,000); purchase of used vessels, 4 ($14,387); purchase of new motors, 5 ($21,905); used for industrial purposes, 8 ($91,888); for rubber life raft, 1 ($246); and reorganization loans for fishermen in difficulties ($29,135). There were no losses on loans during the year. Funds on loan increased to Kr. 88,154,347 ($12,746,000) in fiscal 1963. Loan payments amounted to Kr. 7,578,577 ($1,096,000). Interest paid totaled Kr. 5,041,262 ($729,000). On April 23, 1963, the law governing the operations of the Bank was modified to in- crease the maximum total which might be loaned from Kr. 100 to 150 million ($14,459, 000-$21,689,000), and to permit loans in Greenland as well as in Denmark and the Faroe Islands. The advisory board for the management was expanded to include one representative from each of the two large fishermen's associations, one each from 5 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 59 processing and marketing organizations, and one each for Greenland and the Faroe Islands, (Regional Fisheries Attache for Europe, Unit- ed States Embassy, Copenhagen, October 9, 1963.) MARINE OIL FOREIGN TRADE, JANUARY -JUNE 1962-1963: In the first half of 1963, Danish imports of marine oils were about the same as in the same period of 1962, but exports of marine oils were up sharply due to heavier landings Danish Imports and Exports of Marine Oils, January-June 1962-1963 Whale and seal oil, crude... Marine oils, refined orhardened of industrial fish in the first part of 1963. (United States Embassy, Copenhagen, October 7, 1963.) ORDER RECEIVED FROM CHILE FOR FISH-FREEZING PLANT: After intense international competition, a Danish firm has obtained a Chilean order for a complete fish-freezing plant. The fish-freezing plant will include 10 mod- ern high-speed multicylinder compressors type SMC with direct coupled electric motors, with a total of 720 hp. Four of the compres~- sors will work as booster compressors, as temperatures down to -35° F. occur, and the ammonia gas will therefore have to be com- pressed in several stages. Only modern compressors were consid- ered, as a limitation of the electric supply is of great importance for economic operation, which is possible with the Danish firm's multi- cylinder compressors through a perfect ca- pacity regulation system. The plant will be capable of freezing 190,000 pounds of tuna per day; cooling 350,000 pounds of sardines and tuna per day; and producing 33,000 pounds of flake ice per day. It will maintain temperatures of -13° F. in coldstor- age for 2.2 million pounds of frozen fish; and +10° F, in cold storage for 175,000 pounds of 60 Denmark (Contd.): flake ice; and +30° F, ina large packing and handling room. The same Danish firm has delivered a tunnel freezing system capable of freezing 50 tons a day to a Copenhagen firm building a freezer’ plant for a Soviet account. This makes the 23rd such order to be delivered by this firm for Soviet owners since the Sec- ond World War. (World Fishing, October 1963.) Ecuador FOREIGN MINISTER RESTATES POLICY ON LAW OF THE SEA: The Ecuadoran Foreign Minister in early October 1963 restated his Government's pol- icy regarding the Law of the Sea (Territorial Waters, the Continental Shelf, and Fishing Limits). His statement follows: "I believe that although guided by great zeal and patriotic interest persons who have not had the occasion to treat with these ques- tions in depth frequently confuse different concepts which in order to avoid false under- standings must be defined with precision and clarity. These concepts are three: Concept of territorial sea, the concept of continental shelf, and the concept of maritime zones or fisheries zones for protection and conserva- tion, (1) With respect to the concept of terri- torial sea, it is necessary to bear in mind that the territorial sea of the Republic is es- tablished by Ecuadoran law, which by sover- eign act has fixed it at 12 miles. (2) With respect to the concept of conti- nental shelf this also is found established in a sovereignact of the State, by Ecuadoran law, which fixes it at up to a depth of 200 meters. (3) With respect to the concept of a mari- time zone and fisheries zones for protection and conservation it is appropriate to mention the existence of the Declaration on Maritime Zones formulated August 16, 1952 by Ecuador, Peru, and Chile in which the 3 countries with the purpose of conserving and assuring for their people the natural riches of the sea ad- joining their coasts proclaimed as a norm of COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 12 their foreign policy, protection over a 200- mile zone. During the 13th Session of the United Nations General Assembly, representa- tives of the 3 countries explained to the world community the true legal scope and the real significance of the Declaration on Maritime Zones, which has an economic and scientific meaning for the adequate protection of the live resources of the Sea adjoining the coasts of the three countries, and for their preferred exploitation by these countries, because of their geographic position, geological factors, and the necessities of their people, and their development. During the consultations held in Quito at the beginning of 1958 between rep- resentatives of the 3 countries, they made it clear in their joint report that the Declaration on Maritime Zones did not alter the extent of their respective territorial seas of the signa- tory states, which therefore, is determined, as is obvious, by the sovereign law of each one of the said states. (4) Thus with these 3 concepts properly established and appropriately distinguished it is easy to understand the political, juridical. and other consequences of each. In this re- spect Ecuador has very carefully sought to distinguish with legal and technical precision those concepts in its foreign policy, in its presentations before international meetings, such as the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, in which it has defined on the one hand, in accordance with its sovereign law, a territorial sea of 12 miles--which is gaining increasing international acceptance--, has won acceptance of a continental shelf up to a depth of 200 meters, and has proclaimed, on the other hand its preeminent right to pref- erential exploitation with respect to other states of the resources of the sea adjoining its coasts, and its special right, inherent in its geographic position, to protect and con- serve them, a preeminent right and special power that is translated in a fisheries zone, adjacent to its territorial waters, sufficiently extensive for the realization of its essential purposes and the adequate protection of na- tional interests, It is an easily proven fact that the seriousness and logic of the Ecuador- an juridical position, which has developed standing with time, has been bringing increas - ingly beneficial results and favorable recogni- tion within the concert of nations. (5) It is hardly necessary to affirm that no action by the Foreign Ministry will affect in any way the position firmly assumed by Ecuador on these matters nor therefore the December 1963 Ecuador (Contd.): rights maintained thereby.'' (United States Embassy, Quito, October 5, 1963.) 2K OK OK OK OF LAW AMENDED ON TAX TREATMENT OF FOREIGN FREEZERSHIPS PURCHASING FROM FISHERMEN FOR EXPORT: The tax treatment on refrigerated ship op- eration entailing purchase of fish from local fishermen for export by Ecuador was amend- ed in Decree No. 415 published in Official Register No. 58, dated September 18, 1963. This Decree amends Article 36 of the Law of Maritime Fishing and Hunting so that it is now clearly set forth that fish exports by a foreign flag vessel engaged in the purchase of fish from local fishermen for export a- broad (this requires aconcession granted by the central Government) are exempt from export taxes specified in Article 36. Foreign flag vessels engaged in that kind of operation remain subject to the payment of costs for a matricula and fishing license as set forth in Articles 23 and 29 of the Law. This amendment is significant in that it is now stated in law that exports of fish under this kind of operation are subject only to the prior purchase of a matricula and fishing li- cense and are not subject to payment of ex- port taxes in addition. (United States Embas- sy, Quito, October 11, 1963.) El Salvador INCREASED DUTY RATES FOR CANNED MACKEREL PROPOSED: The San Jose (Costa Rica) Protocol of July 31, 1962, to the Central American Con- vention on the Equalization of Import Duties, calls for a common external tariff on canned mackerel of $30 per 100 kilograms (about 13.6 U. S. cents a pound) plus 30 percent ad valorem. This duty will become effective when three of the contracting countries have deposited their ratification of the Protocol, but will be effective only for the three countries so rati- fying. It will not operate in the rest of the countries until they too have deposited their ratification. To date, only Guatemala and COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 61 Costa Rica have completed the necessary pro- cedures. The new prescribed rate, therefore, is not yet effective in those countries. For El Salva- dor, the new rate is of a progressive nature and will be reached only after the following five-year transitional period: Wear —~=SC*~C*~id;Ci‘“‘CS Specific ‘|Add Valorem Percent 10 14 18 22 26 Thereafter, the duty will be the prescribed $30/100 kilograms, plus 30 percent ad valor- em. The current preferential duty of $5/100 kilograms (2.268 U. S. cents a pound) plus 6 percent ad valorem will remain in effect until El Salvador deposits the instrument of ratifi- cation of the San Jose Protocol. At that time, the duty will start to progress as specified, with the only increase during the first year being a rise of 4 percent in the ad valorem duty. There are no indications that El] Salva- dor intends to ratify the San Jose Protocol in the immediate future. (United States Embas- sy, San Salvador, October 10, 1963.) Faroe Islands FISHING GEAR DAMAGED BY FOREIGN FISHING FLEETS: The Faroe Islands fishing fleet in August 1963 suffered some damage and loss of gear from the activities of a large Soviet fleet fish- ing for herring mostly north of the Faroe Is- lands. A Soviet gill netter drifted down on a Faroese herring purse seiner, damaging it so severely it had to be sent to Iceland for re- pairs. It is not known whether the purse seiner will be compensated by the Soviet Gov- ernment for the damage suffered. Faroese gill netters sometimes lose gear to Soviet vessels because the Soviets fish at all times and in all directions in accordance with instructions from their research vessels as to the course of the herring. The Faroese fish more according to the direction of winds and currents. When Soviet fleet depot vessels go into Fa- roese ports for water or Shelter, Faroese 62 Faroe Islands (Contd.): claims for damage are brought to their at- tention, The Soviet leader sometimes offers an equivalent number of gill nets to replace those damaged. At other times he may state the fault was equal and no nets are offered. The Soviet tank ships obtain water in Thors- havn and fleet vessels may seek shelter from bad weather in Fuglefjord. Damage to Faroese longlines by United Kingdom trawlers was said to be much great- er than damage caused by the Soviet vessels to Faroese gear. (Regional Fisheries At- tache for Europe, U. S. Embassy, Copenha- gen, September 18, 1963.) France NEW SIDE TRAWLER EQUIPPED TO FREEZE PART OF CATCH: A French shipyard has completed a 123-foot 6-inch over-all side trawler (Vega), designed to freeze one ton of fish per day out of her catch. The Vega differs from the accepted concept of a part-freezer, in that there is no intention of freezing the first part of the trip and then switching to icing, inorder to extend COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 12 in the round. It is pointed out that the existing tunnel freezer can be duplicated later and that the low temperature fishroom is large enough (706 cubic feet) to take the output of an extra freezer. It is also noteworthy that the fish will be frozen separately rather than in blocks and that they may be ice glazed, though whether it is intended to concentrate on prime fish which would repay this more expensive treat- ment is not stated. In addition to the low temperature fishroom, there is a normal, glass wool insulated chilled fishroom forward of midships, and this has a capacity of 3,335 cubic feet. The tunnel freez- er, operating at minus 30°-35° C, (-220-31° F.), is situated between the main fishroom and the low temperature fishroom, and it is served by a cooled working area, kept at 0° C. (32° F.) and ENE, access via a Separate hatch. The main engine of the Vega is a 6-cylin- der Diesel, developing 800 brake horsepower at 380 r.p.m. and driving a fixed propeller through a two-speed reverse-reduction gear to give propeller speeds of 200 or 250 r.p.m. Speed is 12 knots, and the crew numbers 16. The 6-ton trawl winch is powered by three hydraulic motors, the pressure pump being driven by the main engine. TUNNEL FREEZER the voyage. This would seem to be a pilot scale experiment in order to explore the pos- sibility of marketing fish frozen individually Profile and freezing arrangements of the Vega. Inother respects, the Vega is a conventional side trawler, fishing from both sides. (World Fishing, Oegeies 1963. ) December 1963 Greece FISHERIES TO BE DEVELOPED UNDER 5-YEAR PLAN: A five-year plan for the development of Greek fisheries is being drawn up by the Fisheries Department of the Ministry of In- dustry. Investigations are under way con- cerning (1) the existing organic population of Greek waters, (2) possibilities for expanding the fresh-water stocks of various fishthrough improved breeding, (3) possibilities for er- panding the salt-water beds of oysters through the establishment of new oyster colonies, and (4) Government aid to the high-seas fishing fleet to enable it to move further afield in the Atlantic instead of confining itself to the coast of West Africa. (United States Embassy, Ath- ens, September 27, 1963.) LANDINGS BY LARGE FREEZERSHIPS HIGHER FOR JANUARY-AUGUST 1963 PERIOD: The Greek fleet of large freezership and refrigerated trawlers fishing in Atlantic wa- ters during August 1963, landed 1,350 metric tons of frozen fish. This compares with1,385 tons landed by five vessels in August 1962. The same fleet of vessels landed 11,546 tons of frozen fish during the first nine months of 1963, or an average 1,443 tons per month. In the similar period of 1962, a total of 10,057 tons were landedby the Greek freez- ership fleet. (Alieia, September 1963.) Iceland EXPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS TO SOVIET BLOC, JANUARY-JUNE 1963: Exports of fishery products by Iceland to the Soviet Bloc countries during January- June 1963 amount to 41,529 metric tons val- ued (f.0.b.) at Kr. 387.7 million (US$9 mil- lion). Exports of frozen fillets and salt her- ring to the Soviet Union decreased as com- pared with the first six months of 1962, but an increase in the exports of frozen herring partially compensated for the decline. Ex- ports to Hungary, Rumania, and Poland in- creased in January-June 1963 from the same period of 1962 (see table). (United States Embassy, Reykjavik, October 9, 1963.) COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 63 Iceland's Exports of Fishery Products to Soviet Bloc, as 1963 Country & Commodi anti Value (f.0.b. Tee Tons 1,000 IKr, US$1, 000 Bulgaria: Cod-liveroil ... 120 Czechoslovakia: Frozen herring . ibs UeAS) Frozen fish fillets . 395 Canned fish . a 16 Herring meal. oo 0 1,210 Cod-liveroil ... 300 UO TS a ono 3,651 East Germany: Frozen herring 1,734 Salted herring .. 1, 863 See alsa 3,598 Hun, Frozen ‘fish fillets . 75 Canned fish , - Fish meal 520 jlotaliraemenen 596 Poland: Frozen herring 1,500 Salted herring .. 3,000 Herring meal 3,500 Cod-liver oil otaleeamme mele Rumania: Frozen herring . 3,202 Salted herring. . 2,930 Cod-liver oil ... Frozen herring . . Frozen fish fillets . Salted herring... Canned fish . . (Ota law ewes weal 387, 653 9,004 UTILIZATION OF FISHERY LANDINGS, JANUARY-APRIL 1963: 1963 1962 e (Metric Tons). . Oilfandime alanine ye totem stieice 52,526 22, 862 ETeeZiNG ime Nopericuten io Meien yee ey aka} Saltingh awe stisaeteMeMehiemoareais 6, 348 Freshlontice jsieseemebaineaciene 5,456 for Freshvonticemereieudalencn sonia 14,410 Freezing and filleting ..... 83,080 Salltingitsweteieitemomentmen t-te 47,731 Stockfish (dried unsalted) .. . 41,881 CanningWeieucirat oentel s/isitetioine 35 Home consumption ...... 4,919 Oil jandimre aleiemrcm- sirstioe slrems 1,013 Sail ae LREGYANYS| 6 G0. 5 090 60-0 00 5 267 Canninghometietisucmentonticenacteais 82 Lobsters for: reshyonticeiem.iclaiem amemeatcn. 2 2 Freezing Total production |1/Whole fish. 2/Drawn fish. oe 2 6 oe 64 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Iceland (Contd.): FISHERY LANDINGS BY PRINCIPAL SPECIES, JANUARY-APRIL 1963: eicieel(Metricidions)pmamene Species INote: Except for herring which are landed round, all fish are drawn weight. ie OK OK OK OK HERRING FISHERIES TRENDS, JANUARY -SEPTEMBER 1963: The main herring season (mid-June through about mid- September) in Iceland ended on September 21, 1963, a week later than in 1962, Despite pessimism during the first half of the season, the total 1963 summer herring catch reached the same level as the 1961 season, which was second only to the 1962 record catch. Herring landings during the 1963 main season were 33.9 percent below the total catch for the same period in 1962, but 92.6 percent above the 1960 yield. As in 1962, 224 vessels participated in the herring fisheries during the better part of the 1963 season. Cold and stormy weather prevailed on the herring grounds throughout most of the season. Factors contributing to the favorable 1963 summer season were larger and better equipped vessels, the general use of electronic fish finding equipment, and the adoption of new fishing techniques. It was generally maintained that the 1963 season would have been a drastic failure if the vessels had depended entirely on the purse-seine gear which pre- dominated in the fishery prior to 1958. Because of the excellent quality of the herring and larg- er sales contracts, a greater quantity of herring was salted in 1963 than in any previous year, The ex-vessel value of the summer herring catch to the fishing fleet in 1962 and 1961 amounted to IKr. 413 million (US$9.6 million) and IKr. 259 million ($6.0 million), respectively. The Fisheries Association of Iceland has not yet calculated the ex-vessel value of the 1963 summer herring catch. However, because of the large share delivered for salt processing, it is esti- mated that the value of the 1963 yield will not be too far be- low the 1962 ex-vessel value. Prices for salted herring are slightly higher than in 1962. Prices for herring oil have also made a sharp recovery, in- Table 1 - Iceland’s Catch and Utilization of Summer Herring, 1961-1963 How Utilized 1963 | 1962 [1961 Ei cfedseewe(WVietrlCmhOns))eNerswelch. SaltingirscWei/ s\chjeiceelshelele 62,537 50,683 49,105 Reduction (meal & oil) 151,748 273,648 166,472 NIG CC ZL Gets: fn) ele} elheliel inte 3,312 4,212 2,374 Motalicatchecieneieikensis 217,597 328,543 217,951 Vol. 25, No. 12 Table 2 - Iceland’s Advance Sales Contracts for Salted Herring, 1963 — Country Cut Herring 1/|Spiced Herring 2/ She nesieenste ie (Bane S)3))) iat ener Denmark ssiee-e 2,150 6,650 inland sews pepe tee 1,275 61,900 Ismaeleeiek-ioneie a 6,000 INO Way, eee 6116) Fi 1,700 SWECED weismcisicns 70,525 95,900 Soviet Union... 120,000 - United States... 15,560 1,820 West Germany. . 6,450 4,200 Motalyeaemeneone 215,960 178,170 1/Heads-off, 2/Spiced or sugar salted or both. 3/A barrel contains approximately 100 kilograms (220 pounds), creasing from the all-time low of £29 ($81.20) per metric ton (c.i.f. Continental port) in mid-October 1962 to £66 ($184.80) per metric ton in the fall of 1963, The herring industry benefited only to a small extent from the price ad- vance because the bulk of the herring oil production had been contracted for in advance for 45-50 ($126-140) per metric ton, Stocks of unsold herring oil from this summer’s production amount to only a few hundred metric tons. In contrast, there are considerable stocks of herring meal on hand, Prices for herring meal have declined from about 16 shillings ($2.24) per protein unit earlier this year to 14 shillings ($1.96) c.i.f. Continental port. Prior to and during the early part of the 1963 summer herring season, Iceland had arranged advance sales con- tracts for 394,130 barrels of salted herring. Reportedly, the sales contracts for salted herring from the 1963 season yielded approximately IKr. 420 million ($9.75 million), In 1962, advance sales of salted herring from summer production amounted to 334,626 barrels, This year, Sweden and the Soviet Union increased their advance contracts by 25,544 barrels and 20,000 barrels, respectively. A consid- erable quantity of surplus stocks from 1962 production (originally intended for local consumption) was sold to Swe- den. In addition, the United States purchased 4,960 barrels more of salted herring this year. (United States Embassy, Reykjavik, October 15, 1963.) Italy TUNA PACKERS ASSOCIATION SEEKS AID FROM JAPANESE PRODUCERS: The Italian Tuna Packers Association, which is seeking government authorization to increase the 1964 duty-free frozen tuna im- port quota from 40,000 metric tons to 60,000 metric tons, is said to have again presented to the Japan Export Frozen Tuna Producers Association a request that Japan: (1) contrib- ute 300 million lira (US$480,000) to the Ital- ian tuna promotion program; (2) endeavor to include greater quantities of yellowfin tuna in frozen tuna shipments to Italy; and (3) pro- vide quality guarantees on frozen tuna ship- ments similar to those given to United States packers, December 1963 Italy (Contd.): The Japan Frozen Tuna Producers Asso- ciation was scheduled to call a formal meet- ing to study the Italian request, but indica- tions were that the Association would be will- ing to contribute, at the most, a sum equal to only one-half of the total of 12.5 million yen (US$34,723) allocated for tuna publicity in the United States. (Suisan Tsushin, October 22, 1963.) Japan BERING SEA FISHERIES TRENDS, OCTOBER 1963: The Shikishima Maru (5,871 gross tons) fleet is reported to be the top money-making fleet among the 19 mothership-type bottom fishing fleets which operated in the Bering Sea in 1963. Some fleets, particularly the smaller fleets which primarily employed long-line gear in the halibut fishery, are re- ported to have operated at a deficit. The financial success of the Shikishima Maru fleet, which fished with 18 catcher ves- sels, is attributed to avoidance of regular fishing grounds and development of new ‘grounds. The fleet is reported to have fished principally for herring in the vicinity of 170° E. long.-60° N. lat. (off Cape Olyutorskii) and for Pacific ocean perch along 180° long. just north of the Rat Islands in the Aleutian Is- lands chain. The Dainichi Maru (5,859 gross tons) king crab fleet, which operated in the eastern Ber- ing Sea, returned to Hakodate on October 1, after meeting its production target of 115,000 cases (4-lb. 48 cans/cs.). The fleet was re- ported to have averaged 9.8 crabs per tan (shackle) and 23 crabs per case. (Hokkai Suisan, October 7, 1963.) BERING SEA BOTTOMFISH FISHERY MAY BE CURTAILED: Officials of the Japanese Fisheries Agency and the Northern Waters Bottomfish Mother- ship Council met on October 14, 19638, to dis- cuss the condition of bottomfish resources in the northern waters and operational plans for 1964. The Fisheries Agency is reported to have expressed the opinion that industry COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 65 should curtail its operations in the Bering Sea in 1964 in view of management and resource problems. The Mothership Council plans to review and evaluate the data submitted at that meeting in formulating operational plans for 1964. (Suisan Tsushin, October 15, 1963.) OR Ok ok FISHERMEN REQUEST PERMISSION TO ENTER TUNA FISHERY: Japanese purse-seine-type net fishermen from the Hokuriku-Sanin districts (prefec- tures bordering the Japan Sea) submitted a petition on October 9, 1963, to the Fisheries Agency Director requesting assistance in overcoming the depressed state of their fish- eries. Specifically, they seek to have their present fleet strength reduced in half and have those vessels retired from the surrounding or purse-seine-net fishery licensed to fish for tuna. (Shin Suisan Shimbun Sokuho, October 10, 1963.) TK OK A OK OK DANISH TRADERS REQUEST OFFERS OF JAPANESE TUNA: Japanese trading firms are reported to be showing interest in Sweden and Denmark as possible tuna export markets following re- ceipt of bidding invitations from Denmark. It was reported that Danish trading firms were specifying that the shipments must consist of tuna only. In some cases, they have specified bluefin tuna only . Some firms have listed the final (consumption) destination as Sweden, but it is not known whether the tuna will be can- ned or smoked. (Suisan Tsushin, October 8, 1963.) ek ok ok ok MARKET FOR FROZEN TUNA EXPORTS TO UNITED STATES DULL IN SEPTEMBER: The price of Japanese frozen tuna exported to the United States stopped rising in mid-Sep- tember 1963. As of early October, United States tuna canners were not buying any Japa- nese tuna. Occasional offers made by United States buyers were $330-340 a short ton for round albacore and $295 a short ton for gilled- and-gutted yellowfin (both prices f.o.b. Japan). However, Japanese exporters were not willing to sell at those prices. The export price for tuna loins has declined by $30-40 per short ton since early September. Japanese exporters said that they were unable 66 Japan (Contd.): to sell albacore loins f.o.b. to the United States for more than $840 a short ton and yel- lowfin loins for more than $735 a short ton. (Suisan Tsushin, October 3, 1963.) PRICES FOR FROZEN BIG-EYED TUNA IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA LOWER: Catches by the Japanese tuna long-line vessels operating in the Atlantic Ocean as of late September 1963 were still largely big- eyed. As a result, Japanese tuna exporters were actively trying to sell that species to Czechoslovakia, which is the only European country willing to accept pure shipments of big-eyed tuna. During the first 9 months of 1963, a total of about 3,000 metric tons of tuna (2,500 tons big-eyed and 500 tons skip- jack), were estimated to have been contracted for delivery to Czechoslovakia. The export price of big-eyed tuna shipped to Czechoslovakia (delivery Hamburg, Ger- many, or Trieste, Italy) as of early October declined below $320 a metric ton. In mid- September Czechoslovakia purchased big- eyed tuna for $335 a metric ton. (Suisan Tsushin, October 5 and September 16, 1963.) Niciael- int Die teat HK 3K OK OK ok OWNERS OF OVERSEAS-BASED TUNA VESSELS SEEK TO ADD FREEZING EQUIPMENT: Owners of overseas-based Japanese tuna vessels, now permitted to operate only fresh fish carrying vessels (ice boats) at certain overseas bases, are seeking Government ap- proval to install refrigeration equipment in their fishing vessels. This would permit them to extend the range of operation of their vessels beyond present fishing grounds where catches are reported to be declining. Japanese producers and exporters of fro- zen tuna, however, are Said to be opposed to that plan. They claim that delivery of frozen tuna to overseas bases, such as to Samoa, is not consistent with current regulations, which are very strict with regard to the landing of frozen tuna in foreign countries for export purposes. They may not be opposed to the vessel conversion program if satisfactory measures can be developed to control such landings. (Suisan Tsushin, October 2, 1963.) EES COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 12 ORDER FOR OWNERS TO CONVERT VESSELS TO PORTABLE-BOAT-CARRYING TUNA MOTHERSHIPS EXTENDED: The Japanese Fisheries Agency announced on October 10, 1963, that owners of large tuna vessels fishing with portable boats or who in- tend to do so will have until September 30, 1964, to convert their tuna vessels to ''full- fledged'' portable-boat-carrying tuna mother- ships. They were required to file their inten- tions by November 30, 1963. Should they not be able to convert their vessels by the Sep- tember 1964 deadline, vessel owners will be granted a grace period until 1967, only if it can be shown that they definitely intend to con- vert their vessels. "Full-fledged'' portable-boat-carrying tuna motherships are described as those which car- ry their portable boats (restricted to a maxi- mum size of 20 tons gross) on their decks. Many operators of large tuna vessels, through a loose interpretation of existing regulations, are fishing with portable boats which they sus- pend on the stern of their ''motherships''when in port. On the way to the fishing grounds, the portable boats are lowered into the water and towed to the fishing grounds or made to travel to the grounds on their own power. A total of 64 tuna vessel owners are af- fected under the Agency's directive, which is aimed at correcting this and other loopholes * in the law. Vessel owners were required to file their intentions by November 30 as to whether they wished to have their vessels li- censed as ''full-fledged'' portable-boat-carry- ing tuna motherships, otherwise their vessels would be licensed as regular distant-water tuna vessels. Under current Government regulations, the operation of two classes of portable-boat-car- rying tuna motherships is authorized; those under 2,000 tons gross, called Class I mother- ships, and those over 2,000 tons, called Class II motherships. Class I motherships are au- thorized to engage directly in fishing but Class II vessels are not. (Suisan Tsushin and Suisan Keizai Shimbun, October 12, 1963, and other sources, oe ok ok oe ok STUDY OF UNITED STATES CANNED TUNA IMPORT QUOTAS REQUESTED: According to the Japanese Fisheries Agen- cy's Production Chief, who accompanied the Minister of Agriculture and Forestry on the December 1963 Japan (Contd.): Minister's trip to Canada and the United States, the U. S. Government, at the request of the Japanese Minister, agreed to complete a study of the problem on United States can- ned tuna import quotas before the United States-Japan economic (ministerial-level) conference convened in November at Tokyo. The Japanese Minister's request was initi- ated on behalf of Japanese canned tuna pro- ducers, who are seeking adjustments in1964 in the amount of canned tuna in brine that can be admitted into the United States under the lower tariff rate of 124 percent ad valo- rem. (Suisan Tsushin, October 9, 1963, and other sources. sicmevaoic) (sciake TUNA FISHING BASE AT NEW CALEDONIA ACTIVATED: Tuna fishing operations at the Japanese base at Noumea, New Caledonia, which started on July 29, 1963, are reported to be progress- ing satisfactorily. As of September, 18 100- ton Japanese tuna vessels were operating out of that base. Their catches are being frozen on board the freezership Eiyo Maru (2,600 gross tons) which is anchored at Noumea. By March 1964, the tuna fleet is expected to be increased to a total of 35 vessels. Tuna production in August is reported to have totaled 145 metric tons of tuna; in Sep- tember, 299 tons. Production target for the base for the next six months is (in metric tons): October, 819; November, 922; Decem- ber, 1,000; January 1964, 1,200; February, 1,500; and March, 1,750. The tuna base, operated jointly by a Japa- nese firm anda French firm, has an export quota of 7,500 metric tons a year. (Shin Suisan Shimbun, September 30, 1963.) Sle sli sleaste ste Ke ook kak 3 TUNA FISHERMEN TRAINING PROGRAM PLANNED: The Central Tuna Fishery Cooperative Association (an organization of vessel own- ers granted licenses in 1962 to construct 100-ton-class tuna vessels under the Govern- ment's plan to aid depressd coastal fisher- ies) plans to conduct a tuna fisherman train- ing program. Objective of the program is to train a selected group in tuna fishing tech- niques, The Association plans to charter COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 67 three 200 to 300-ton tuna vessels and hopes to train a total of 50 to 60 fishermen over a pe- riod of three years. The first training vessel was scheduled to depart Japan in November 1963 on a 95-day trip. The trainees, who will undergo one year of training, will receive a daily allowance of 400 yen (US$1.10), which will be paid from catch proceeds. (Suisan Tsushin, October 2, 1963.) Skee ook ook ok KK OOK OK OK ok TWO FIRMS MAY END TUNA MOTHERSHIP OPERATIONS IN SOUTH PACIFIC: Two Japanese fishing companies were reported to be con- sidering terminating their tuna mothership operations in the South Pacific next year. The company which operated the tuna mothership Nojima Maru (8,800 gross tons) was said to have lost 120 million yen (US$333,000) in this year's op- eration, Another company, whose tuna mothership Yuyo Maru (5,500 gross tons) was still on the fishing grounds in late October 1962, was also expected to suffer heavy operational losses. The operational deficits of the 2 mothership fleets were attributed to the decline in catch rate, from an average of 2.7 metric tons (daily catch per catcher vessel) in earlier years to 2.0 metric tons this year, Also, because of indi- cations of a continuing decline in tuna availability in the South Pacific over the past few years, the two Japanese companies were reported to have encountered considerable difficulty in signing up operators of 100-ton vessels to fish for their fleets. Moreover, vessels of this class, which are considered most suitable for mothership-type operations, have greatly decreased in the past few years, being replaced by larger and newer vessels. The Nojima Maru, which returned to Japan in the fall of 1963, was reported to have met only 85 percent (6,792 met- ric tons) of her catch target of 8,000 metric tons, despite having extended her operations by about a month. Similarly, the Yuyo Maru was reported to have met, as of October 21, only 81 percent (6,500 metric tons) of her catch tar- get of 8,000 metric tons, despite having also extended her fishing operations by about a month, As an alternative to cancelling their South Pacific tuna mothership operations next year, the two Japanese compa- nies are reported to be considering the following possibili- ties: (1) transferring their mothership operations to the Atlantic Ocean (the Japanese Fisheries Agency is said to be opposed to this idea); (2) seeking authorization to establish bases overseas and applying their present mothership catch quotas to their base operations; and (3) operating Type II portable-boat-carrying tuna motherships (vessels over eee tons), (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, October 24, 1963. ok ok Ok OK OK FEDERATION REQUESTS PERMIT TO IMPORT HERRING FROM U.S.S.R.: The Hokkaido Federation of Fishermen's Cooperative Associations has submitted a re- quest to the Ministry of Agriculture and For- estry for a foreign fund allocation of US$320,000, The allocation, if approved, will be used to purchase 3,000 metric tons of her- ring from the Soviet Union, A Japanese trad- 68 Japan (Contd.): ing firm has already successfully negotiated a contract to import that amount from the So- viet Union. (Hokkai Suisan, October 7, 1963.) se ose ke ose x ane aS ee oe FISH MEAL PURCHASED FROM SOUTH AFRICA: The Japan Fish Meal Importers Associa- tion has concluded a contract with the Fish Meal Producers Association of South Africa to purchase from that organization about 20,000 metric tons of fish meal by the end of 1963. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, October 13, 1963.) Dy Sh te ty ich af SS os a 3 RENEWAL OF KELP HARVESTING AGREEMENT WITH SOVIETS REQUESTED: The President of the Japan Fisheries So- ciety has contacted the Soviet Embassy in Tokyo requesting the renewal of the one-year private kelp fishery agreement concluded with the Soviet Union in June 1963. Under the a- greement, Japanese fishermen were given as- surances that they would not be molested by Soviet patrol vessels in fishing for kelp ina 4,5 square mile area in the Nemuro Strait off northern Hokkaido. On their part, Japanese kelp fishermen, in addition to observing cer- tain fishing regulations, were required to pay a harvesting fee of US$33 per vessel for the season. A total of 300 Japanese kelp vessels were authorized to fish in the restricted area, which was marked off by buoys. They are reported to have harvested a total of 3,000 metric tons of kelp. (Minato Shimbun, Octo- ber 2, 1963; and other sources.) PROHIBITION OF HIGH-SEAS PINK SALMON FISHING PROPOSED BY SOVIETS: The Soviet Fisheries Minister is reported to have told the Japanese Minister of Agricul- ture and Forestry, during the latter's visit to Moscow in early October 1963, that pink salmon fishing should be completely prohibi- ted. The Soviet Union had made a similar proposal at the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Northwest Pacific Fisheries Commission (Japan and U.S.S.R.) but the fact that the So- viet Minister has once again expressed a firm position on this matter is said to have come as a shock to the Japanese industry, even though the industry had somewhat an- ticipated it. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 12 In connection with this problem, the Japa- nese National Federation of Salmon Gill-Net Fishermen's Association (ZENKEIREN) was scheduled to meet with the Fisheries Agency, beginning October 18, to exchange views on salmon negotiations with the Soviet Union. The Association was reported to be planning on stressing to the Agency the many incon- sistencies in the present method of evaluating salmon resources. Under the present method, the condition of the salmon resources is assessed by collec- tively analyzing the high-seas catch, inshore catch, and escapement. The Association claims that, under this system, the decline in the high-seas catch is considered indicative of a decline in resources and the system fails adequately to take into account the fact that catch quotas are being reduced, closed areas expanded, and fishing seasons shortened, all of which contribute to catch decline. Also, in the case of the salmon mothership fishery, the fleets tend to avoid areas of concentration of pink salmon and concentrate on catching red salmon, Thus, reduced catches of pink salm- on on the high seas are not necessarily proof that pink salmon resources are declining. The Association, in view of what it consid- ers shortcomings in the present method of evaluating salmon resources, was expected to propose that the study be conducted on a more rational and scientific basis. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, October 18, 1963.) 2 ok oe ok Ok MARINE OIL EXPORTS, JANUARY-JUNE 1963 AND FORECAST FOR CALENDAR YEAR 1963: In the first half of 1963, Japanese exports of edible marine oils were considerably high- er than in the same period of 1962 due tomuch Japanese Exports of Marine Oils, January-June 1963 and __Forecast for Calendar Year 1963 with Comparative Data January -June Calendar Year 1963 1962 1962 Commodity dible Marine Oils: Cod liveroil ... Shark liver oil .. Fish liveroil ... 4 4 Total edible marine oils . .|92,975 44, 32 103, 600 94, 318 Inedible Marine Oils: Sperm oil ... .| 7,477 2/ 16,000 | 3/13,710 1/Forecast. 2/Data not available. December 1963 Japan (Contd.): larger shipments of whale oil. But for the calendar year 1963, exports of whale oil are expected to show an increase of only 10 per- cent over the previous year. (United States Embassy, Tokyo, October 3, 1963.) sk oe ook oe CANNED SALMON PRICES FOR 1963/64 EXPORT YEAR: The Japanese Canned Salmon Sales Com- pany, on October 14, 1963, announced the es- tablishment of new canned salmon export prices for the October 1963-September 1964 export year. New f.o.b. Japan quotations for canned pink salmon exports are: Country of Product Size Destination Price per Case Shillings/ Pence US$ Britain & other | 5 Eur, countries = 10,30 raha (8-oz.) Australa & New Canned Pink Salmon ae = senate Eur. countries = 10,00 48 cans/cs. (8-oz.) [australia & New Guereenel Zealand - | 10,30 Exports of canned pink salmon to coun- tries other than Australia, New Zealand, Britain, and other European countries, are being held at the previous price level, ac- cording to Suisan Keizai Shimbun, October pk GIS% The new c.i.f. quotations for red and sil- ver salmon are: Country of Product Size Destination Price per Case Shillings / Canned Salmon _Pence _ US$ ReEOys cicfetatacere 6 48 cans/cs. (8-0z.)| United States & fancy Canada = 19.75 ee pes ad Britain 150 21.00 pu ioe nM Australia 145 20.30 f. de ee New Zealand 146/3 | 20,48 Red peypieieteiei i 96 cans/cs. (4-0z,)|United States & Canada = 25,40 oe mh Jom Britain 192/6 26,95 of i oe Australia 186 26.04 2 2 os New Zealand 186/2 26,06 Red pewareyrenepelcheirs 48 cans/cs. (4-0z.)|United States & Canada 3 12.85 nf se ¥ Britain 97/6 13.65 2 iy y Australia 94/3 13.20 | Silver........ [48 cans/cs, (8-0z.)|United States & fancy Canada 2 13,70 ey teat wa Britain 105 14,70 oh ie hes Australia 101/6 14,21 a bit ts New Zealand 102/9 14,39 Silverspayencreneiel [96 cans/cs. (4-oz.){United States & Canada S 16,60 ae Cy Britain 127/6 17.85 vf i kf Australia 123/6 17.29 at ve Ms New Zealand 124/9 17.47 Silvensrevenispelctis 48 cans/cs. (4-0z,)|United States & if Canada fe 8.45 Mg Ye a Britain 65 9.10 ve, bu ka Australia 63 8.82 | COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 69 ANOTHER STERN TRAWLER LAUNCHED FOR ATLANTIC OCEAN FISHERY: A new 2,150-ton stern trawler (Taiyo Maru No. 75) was launched on October 3, 1963 at Shimonoseki, Japan, for one of Japan's largest fishing companies. A sistership to that vessel, to be called Taiyo Maru No. 76 was scheduled for launching in November. In addition, two larger stern trawlers of the 2,800-ton class are being constructed by that same company. Taiyo Maru Nos. 75 and 76 are scheduled to be dispatched to the Atlantic Ocean trawling grounds off Africa, and the two larger trawl- ers are destined for the North Atlantic Ocean. (Minato Shimbun, October 4, 1963.) ok kK OK STERN TRAWLER LEAVES FOR FISHING GROUNDS OFF NEWFOUNDLAND: The large Japanese factoryship stern trawl- er (the Tenyo Maru No. 3, converted from a tuna mothership) left Yokosuka on October 9, 1963, for the fishing grounds off Newfound- land, The vessel was scheduled to begin fish- ing late in November and will be ''test'"’ fish- ing various banks off Nova Scotia and New- foundland for about one year, The Tenyo Ma- ru No. 3 will base at St. Pierre and St. John's, Newfoundland. Plans call for an annual catch of about 14,000 tons of groundfish to yield about 4,500 tons of fillets. (Japanese news- paper, October 10, 1963.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, July 1963 p. 83. sle sie ke ose ose HK Kk OK Kk OK PRESS AND FISHERIES SOCIETY COMMENTS ON NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES TREATY RENEGOTIATION: The North Pacific Tripartite Fisheries Treaty (United States, Canada, and Japan) renegotiation meeting, which con- vened on September 16, 1963, at Tokyo, was adjourned on Octo- ber 7 and rescheduled for Ottawa, Canada, in the spring of 1964, The Tokyo conference served to clarify any doubts and misunderstandings that may have existed with regard to the national positions of the contracting parties. There was little likelihood that the continuation of that conference would have resulted in a settlement. However, the Japanese Gov~ ‘ernment and the industry had anticipated this earlier, so it came as no surprise. Japan did not retreat from its original position taken at the Washington, D, C., conference. The United States with= drew its insistence on the maintenance of the abstention principle, and proposed to change the form of the abstention principle to one based on the principle of past fishing rec~ ord (historical fishing rights), However, attention once again has been focused on the strong position taken by the United States and Canada, ale though the position taken by them was not unexpected, Some observers feel that a settlement will not be reached at Otta- wa as long as Japan does not make concessions, Some Jap= 70 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Japan (Contd.): anese fear that the next meeting may possibly develop into a debate surrounding the United States-proposed historical fishing rights principle. Their views stem from their be= lief that this proposal has forever denied Japan the opportu= nity of announcing her intention to abrogate the treaty. The United States and Canada have no reason to hasten a settlement since the present treaty will continue to be in force if negotiations become extended. As for Japan, she must seek an early settlement so as to prevent the extension of the existing treaty from becoming an established fact. However, inasmuch as a decision has been made to continue negotiations, Japan cannot announce her intent to abrogate the treaty until after the Ottawa conference. Un= less serious problems occur, Japan definitely cannot thoughtlessly proceed to abrogate the existing treaty even after that conference, for the United States, in reprisal, can be expected to proceed to restrict importation of Japa nese fishery products, The Japanese Fisheries Agency claims that the ground= work for settlement at the Ottawa conference has been laid at the Tokyo negotiation, but, depending on circumstances, it is fully conceivable that the Ottawa negotiation will ex- tend over a long period. (Suisan Tsushin, October 7 and &, 1963, Suisan Keizai Shimbun, October 6 and 8, 1963.) The following article was written by the Chairman of the Special Committee organized by the Japan Fisheries Society to study Tripartite Treaty (North Pacific Fisheries Convention) problems. A translation of his article follows: The second meeting to renegotiate the Japan-United States- Canada Fisheries Treaty was adjourned on October 7, 1963. Some observers view this meeting, since it was heldin Tokyo, as a step forward, while others likened it to a ''wrestling ring," with the contestants just having made their appearances. How- ever, the question is whether the ''ring'' set up by Japan and that set up by the United States and Canada are one and the same thing. We must closely examine the quality of the''ring"’ so that we may have no illusions about it. The "'ring,'' represented by the ''elimination of abstention principle,’ is made up of dissimilar ingredients, such as "fair and equitable utilization of resources based on the principle of freedom of the high seas," "principle of actual fishing record," and ''elimination of newcomers to the fishery.'' It seems that no matter how much these ingredients are kneaded and pounded, they cannot be combined into a single substance which can be used to build a "ring." The United States proposed a modification based on the re- vised treaty drafted by Japan, The United States offered to withdraw the voluntary abstention principle as a term of ref- erence, but insisted on substituting it with the principle of past fishing record, which would amount to maintaining the status existing under the present Treaty. Canada proposed a revision to the U. S. proposal to the ef- fect that broad cooperation was needed in the field of research and exploration related to certain salmon and herring stocks, and to other fisheries, The communique issued at the close of the Tokyo meeting stated that the ''delegates of the member countries exerted constructive and cooperative efforts in search for a mutually acceptable formula," and that the ''meeting contributed ma- terially to narrowing the differences of views that had existed at the end of the Washington meeting.'' The actual situation is reflected in the statement, ''The delegates have arrived at the conclusion that it would be desirable to give further study on means of resolving the differences existing among the three countries,'' and it may perhaps be over-optimistic to expect a settlement at the next meeting. Vol. 25, No. 12 The firm determination of the United States to protect her fisheries is revealed in her proposed principle of past fish- ing record and is also clearly evident in the proposed U. S. legislation (S. 1988) concerning the Continental Shelf. The bill, approved by the U. S. Senate on October 1, is aimed at applying pressure on Japanese and Russian fishing vessels. Moreover, the U. S. Senate, on October 2, passed a 55-per- cent fishing vessel construction subsidy bill, which reported- ly was approved so that the United States could beat Japan and the Soviet Union in the ''wet war'' (fishery war) in the North Pacific Ocean. We must realize that all these actions indicate the firm determination of the United States to pro- tect her historical rights in the northern waters. The principle of past fishing record represents, without a doubt, the revival of the Yoshida-Dulles Notes, and is actually an attempt to permanently incorporate in the text of the proposed treaty or its annex the fishing record con- cept, and it is, therefore, a step backward from the present Treaty. The current concept of international law governing the high seas trends toward respecting the interests of coast- al countries, but restraints, such as those which the principle of past fishing record would impose upon newcomers to a fishery, have not been recognized internationally. It is widely known that the United States and Canada had made desperate efforts at the Geneva Conference to persuade other nations to endorse the abstention principle. The prin- ciple of freedom on the high seas, respect for scientific evidence, and exercise of national sovereign rights still have a respectable place in international law. I think we should appeal to world opinion for support of our view that the principle of past fishing record is unfair. At the same time we should clearly point out the fairness and scien- tific basis of Japanese assertions, and publicize the fact that Japan has absolutely no intention of detracting from her as- sertions. Japan's position that the Pacific Ocean resources should be conserved, developed, and utilized fairly and equit- ably on the basis of scientific findings conforms to the intent of the international law of the sea. However, in view of the distrust against the Japanese fish- eries and undue cautiousness exhibited at the Tokyo meeting by the United States and Canada, Japan must spare no effort in giving positive support to resource conservation and must demonstrate her sincerity by conducting orderly fishing opera- tions. It is important that conservation be emphasized and that the Government, as well as industry, exert greater effort in this direction. In their comments and editorials, the Japanese dailies Mainichi Shimbun, dated October 6, and the Tokyo Shimbun, dated October 8, urged industry to renew its determination. Those journals severely criticized the wavering attitude mani- fested by the Japanese Government and industry delegates when they were confronted by the U. S. proposal calling for modification of the Japanese treaty draft. They also expressed strong dissatisfaction at Ito's withdrawal from the negotiation as Japan's chief delegate. I am sure I was not the only one who did some soul-searching as a result of press criticisms that ''under those conditions it was impossible to gain public support for revision of the inequitable Treaty." It is true that industry did not have the opportunity either to assert its position from an industry~wide standpoint or to back up the Government, as well as the delegates who partici- pated in the Treaty talks. I believe this is something the responsible leaders should reflect upon for the future. In contrast, the United States came forward with very posi- tive actions and countermeasures. Moreover, Senator Bart- lett arrived in Japan on October 4 to lend his support to the U, S. team. While his declaration that Bristol Bay salmon possessed U, S. citizenship reflected an attitude unbefitting a great nation, his actions, as well as those of the U. S. dele- gates, provide a good lesson for our Government and indus- try leaders. Japan must face the third conference with renewed de- termination and greater forcefulness, for that conference definitely will not be an easy one, Therefore, we must December 1963 Japan (Contd.): strengthen our domestic structure with regard to the treaty revision problem, for example by establishing a government- industry group to develop various countermeasures, and by exerting positive efforts to dispel the distrust held by foreign countries against the Japanese fisheries. After carefully re- viewing the contents of the Tokyo conference, industry leaders should, as a preliminary step, actively conduct talks with the Japanese Government, as well as with U. S. and Canadian leaders, in an effort to generate public support for the fulfill- ment of Japan's rightful demands. (Nihon Suisan Shimbun, October 11, 1963.) KOK AK OK OK INDUSTRY PLANS FOR NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES COMMISSION MEETING: The Japanese fishing industry planned on requesting the Fisheries Agency to pursue the following line at the 10th International North Pacific Fisheries Commission (INPFC) Annual Meeting scheduled to be held in Van- couver, B. C., in November 1963: (1) strive for maintenance of the 5,000-ton halibut catch quota in the Bering Sea Triangle Area; (2) press for increasing the number of trawlers allowed to fish in the waters in the eastern North Pacific Ocean to a total of about 10 ves- sels in 1964; and (3) seek establishment of a program to eliminate sea lions which prey on the fishermen's catch. At the recent North Pacific Fisheries Con- vention (Japan, United States, and Canada) re- negotiation conference held in Tokyo, a rep- resentative of the United States delegation privately expressed the opinion that, in view of declining Bering Sea halibut resources, the United States would seek to have the Triangle Area halibut catch quota reduced to 2,000- 3,000 tons. The Japanese industry is said to be very strongly opposed to such a reduction. Lacking complete data for the Triangle Area, the industry is said not to be planning on seeking changes in the existing regulations. Regarding sea lion predation, the Japanese industry claims that sea lions are causing ex- tensive damages by preying on halibut and sablefish caught on long-line gear. Damage is estimated at about 15 percent of landings. For this reason, they wish to have the INPFC initiate a program to eliminate sea lions. (Suisan Keizai Shimbun, October 17, 1963.) oi ivican ole picubsic: FISHERIES AGENCY DIRECTOR COMMENTS ON INPFC MEETING: At a press interview on October 18, the Japanese Fisheries Agency Director, in ref- ence to the 10th International Pacific Fisher- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW rel ies Commission (INPFC) Annual Meeting scheduled for Vancouver, B. C., in November 1963, stated as follows: ''The meeting can be construed as an interim meeting before the Tripartite Treaty negotiation takes place in spring 1964. Japan must use prudence in tak- ing part in the November meeting. Therefore, it does not follow that the Government should necessarily conduct negotiations according to industry's wishes. I have my doubts about the soundness of industry's reasoning that, just because the Russians are moving into the wa- ters south of the Alaska Peninsula, Japan must also be permitted to move into those waters. The important thing is that Japan must actively cooperate in resource conserva- tion and endeavor to eliminate the fear har- bored by other countries that Japan's fishery is a plundering fishery.’ (Suisan Keizai Shim- bun, October 20, 1963.) Republic of Korea FINANCING OF NEW FISHING VESSELS AIDED BY GOVERNMENT GUARANTEES: The Government of Korea has guaranteed payment of two fishery loans extended to Ko- rean firms by United States companies. The funds made available are being used to pur- chase fishing vessels. One guarantee involves a 5-year loan of $180,000, at 6 percent annual interest, which covers 50 percent of the cost of building three 145-ton tuna vessels in a shipyard in Pusan, Korea. Construction of the vessels was sched- uled to begin in mid-October 1963 and be com- pleted within three months. Plans called for those vessels to be dispatched to the south- west Pacific. Their catch would be sold to a United States cannery in American Samoa. The second guarantee covers a 5-year loan of $620,000, at 6 percent annual interest, which will be used to buy fishing vessels from Japan. In addition, the Korean Government is expect- ed to guarantee a third fishery loan of $1,441,000 which has been offered to a Korean fishery firm by a United States firm in Cali- fornia. The loan would be used to purchase eleven 140-ton tuna vessels from a shipyard in Shikoku, Japan. The vessels would be de- livered 6 to 8 months after they were ordered and it is understood that they would fish in the southwest Pacific and market their catch in 72 Republic of Korea (Contd.): American Samoa. (United States Embassy, Seoul, Oct. 4, 1963.) se oe ke ee 1K HK OK HK OK ITALIAN-FRENCH CONTRACT TO BUILD FISHING VESSELS HELD UP: Officials of the Korean Government state that the Italian-French consortium holding a contract to build a large number of fishing vessels and equipment has rejected the Ko- rean proposal for a ''stand-by'' letter of cred- it. In their view this proposal would consti- tute a basic change in the terms of the con- tract which they cannot accept. The Korean Cabinet decision on the pay- ment of US$4.4 million (8 percent of the $55 million as the first portion of the agreement) is reportedly further delayed. The Cabinet hopes that the consortium might still agree to Korea's proposed ''stand-by'" letter of credit, which includes an arrangement where- by annual payment is conditioned upon the catch of a given year, i.e., the proposed "stand-by" letter of credit would allow Ko- rea to reduce payment in a year of poor catch or partially defer payment to subsequent years. (United States Embassy, Seoul, Octo- ber 18, 1963.) Mexico MARKET FOR CANNED SARDINES RESTRICTED TO DOMESTIC PRODUCTION: Mexican trade and Government sources report that no canned sardines have been imported into Mexico since March 1963 be- cause import permits are no longer being granted by the Mexican Government. Restrictions on sardine imports are in line with Mexico's traditional policy of not granting permits for the importation of com- modities of types produced in Mexico or for which Mexican-made products can be substi- tuted. The Mexican sardine industry is in- creasing its production, and trade sources think itis not likely that imports of canned sardines will be permitted in the near future. Imports of canned sardines in the first three months of 1963 totaled 4,087 legal kilo- grams valued at US$1,820, nearly all import- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 12 ed from Spain. The imports entered Mexico under import permits issued in 1962. Under the circumstances, Mexico cannot be regarded as a good potential market for exports of United States canned sardines and other small canned fish. (United States Em- bassy, Mexico, October 2, 1963.) TK OOK ok ok ook DROP IN UNITED STATES SHRIMP PRICES FORCES VESSEL OWNERS TO SEEK RELIEF: The contract between Mexican fishing cooperatives and vessel owners on the Pacific Coast, concluded in September 1962, provided that the cooperative fishermen would re= ceive 45 percent of the sales value of the shrimp and the vessel owners 55 percent. The contract stipulated that the vessel owners would pay all operating and maintenance costs of the vessels, After the end of the closed season, which extends from July 15 to September 15, the 1963/64 shrimp season opened with a disagreement between the Pacific Coast fishing co~ operatives and the private vesse] owners over which should pay vessel repair and maintenance costs. When United States shrimp prices began declining in June of this year, the vessel owners reportedly petitioned the Secretariat of Industry and Commerce to grant them some relief by amending the contract to provide that vessel fuel= ing costs be borne by the cooperative fishermen, In July, when it became evident that the request would not be grant= ed, the vessel owners alleged that because of declining prices they would not be financially able to pay for vessel repair costs, The cooperatives, on the other hand, declared that the vessel owners must comply with the provisions of the contract, which is valid until August 31, 1965. Jore= over, they pointed out that the vessel owners had not pre= sented a cost analysis which would in any way justify a re= vision of the contract, For a time it appeared that the start of fishing opera= tions would be delayed until a settlement could be reached, However, vessel owners had the vessels ready to go out when the season opened, and shrimp fishing continued un- interruptedly through October. The National Chamber of the Fishing Industry, which represents the vessel owners, states that it has not re~ ceived official notification from the Secretariat of Industry and Commerce as to whether or not the contract will be re= vised. However,.an under secretary of the Secretariat made a public statement in the State of Chihuahua at the end of September to the effect that the contract would not be revised. Sources in the trade are of the opinion that the contract will not be revised during the present season. There has been no contractual disagreement in the Gulf of Mexico, Shrimp contracts in that area were agreed upon in September 1962 and extend until August 31, 1964, The major problem there has been the drop in United States shrimp prices as the United States is virtually the sole market for Mexican shrimp. . The price drop has created difficulties in the State of Campeche, where an estimated 14 percent of the State’s pop= ulation depends on the shrimp industry. In an effort to find ways of alleviating the problem without having to cease fish= ing operations, which the vessel owners asserted were un= economical under the circumstances, the latter held sev- eral conferences with the Governor in mid=October, The vessel owners declared that when prices are good, profits are distributed equitably among the vessel owners, the fish~ December 1963 Mexico (Contd.): ermen, and affiliated industries, but that when prices are so depressed as to cause losses, the vessel owners must bear the major part of such losses, They appealed to other par= ticipants in the shrimp industry to share part of the losses being incurred during the current season, As a result of those discussions, the Governor announced on October 19, that he had successfully persuaded ice fac tory owners to agree to lower their prices from US$6.40 to $4.80 per ton of ice for a period of three months. At the same time, the Union of Loaders and Unloaders agreed to reduce their tariffs by 50 percent. The Governor also indis= cated that he would endeavor to obtain a reduction in the Federal shrimp export duties and offered to petition the Fed- eral Government, on behalf of the vessel owners, for a re= duction of 0,10 pesos (0.8 U.S, cents) per liter in the price of Diesel oil as a temporary subsidy while the price problem lasts. On the Pacific Coast, efforts are being made to open up markets for Mexican shrimp in Europe. In mid=October, a press announcement indicated that an order for Mazatlan shrimp had been received from Britain and that the first shipments would be made in November of this year, The report stated that the creation of new markets would allevis ate the present problem created by the drop in United States shrimp prices and in the future will afford some protection to the Mexican shrimp industry from the dangerous policy of depending on the United States market exclusively. (United States Embassy, Mexico, October 24, 1963.) GH oe Ks. oa as SNS ES ES PRICES FOR BAJA CALIFORNIA'S SPINY LOBSTER EXPORTS RENEGOTIATED: The official spiny lobster fishing season in Baja California, Mexico, opened on Octo- ber 1, 1963, and will continue through March 15, 1964. Landings of spiny lobsters during each of the past two seasons have exceeded 1.5 million pounds (United States Consulate, Tijuana, October 15, 1963.) Because of an alleged market saturation in the United States due to spiny lobster im- ports from other countries, it is reported that the United States company, which in1962 signed a 3-year contract for the purchase of the entire exports from the Baja California peninsula with automatic price increases each year, would be unable to meet the con- tract prices and has renegotiated the 1963/64 season purchase prices as follows: Young lobster (medida)--US$0.55 per pound or 7.5 U.S, cents per pound less than paid in 1962; old and large lobster (burro)--$0.45 per pound or 3 cents per pound less than last year; and tails (colas)--$1.05 per pound or an in- crease of 5 cents per pound over 1962. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 73 Netherlands AIR PUMP DEVELOPED FOR UNLOADING FISH FROM VESSELS: A new type pneumatically-operated fish discharger recently developed in Holland is designed to unload between 20 and 80 tons of fish an hour. This fully-automatic installa- tion features not only a high rate of unload- ing, but also little or no damage to the fish. View of air pump for unloading fish from vessels. Without being immersed in water, the fish are sucked up from the hold in a powerfulair stream moving at a constant speed of between 49 and 82 feet a second. As they enter the suction mouth and line, the fish pass on to a collector where they are separated from the air. By means of an automatic air lock, they are then discharged in quantities of about 220 pounds every 5-11 seconds. An air pump driven by a Diesel or electric motor regulates the strength of the airstream in the suction pipe and keeps it constant. When the pump's motor is started, the installation begins functioning. The mouth of the suction pipe is then placed among the fish, This can 74 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Netherlands (Contd.): be done either manually or mechanically. From then on, the entire operation is auto- mated. While the fish are traveling through the suction line, they are surrounded by air and thus barely touch the pipe walls. Special guide boards attached to the collector's out- let also minimize damage to the fish. Depending on the type of fish and the dis- tance conveyed, the discharger's capacity averages 2 hp. per ton an hour. Two models are manufactured, one to accommodate hour- ly workloads of between 20 and 40 tons, and the other between 40 and 80 tons an hour. Both models have built-in safeguard against faulty operation and breakdowns. The dis- charger can be cleaned easily by rinsing it with a built-in flushing line which sprays wa- ter at a number of points. The entire installation or only the exhauster and collector parts are available for sale and export. If only the two vital parts are pur- chased, the manufacturer will provide the necessary advice for construction and as- sembly of the structure. sled sloiiistemiiepyala Ende bkS bs bend MARINE ANIMAL OILS SUPPLY AND DISPOSITION FOR YHAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1963: For the year ending June 30, 1963, total distribution of marine animal oils in the Netherlands amounted to 76,000 metric tons. Netherlands Marine Animal Oil Supply andDistribution, July 1, 1963 Quantity Metric Tons Item Supply: Opening stocks Imports Production July 1, 1962 July-June 1962/63 .... 44, 000 49, 000 20, 000 Total supply q a us 113,000 Disposition: Exports iH u As 2,000 As food MY it ut 70, 000 Other uses H y uy 4,000 Total distribution" uf W 76, 000 Closing stocks July 1, 1963 37 , 000 The available supply totaled 113,000 tons. (U. S. Foreign Agricultural Service Report, The Hague, October 22, 1963.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, September 1961 p. 95. Vol. 25, No. 12 New Zealand FISH AND SHELLFISH LANDINGS, 1962: In 1962, New Zealand's fisheries landings amounted to about 55.5 million pounds of finfish valued at about US$5 million. Shellfish landings included about 9 million pounds of live spiny lobsters valued at close to $3 million and 107,268 sacks of other shellfish valued at a- bout $550,000. Nine finfish varieties made up about 87 percent of the quantity and 83 per- New Zealand's Landing of Fish and Shellfish, 1962 Species Quantity Value 1, 000 US$ Lbs. NZE 1,000 inti: Blivekcodignem-jaeneinemcirert ome 2,622 118, 039 331 Elephant fish.) el \cltel a sure C/T 122, 250 342 Gurnardigicesmet sean mon ction 5,292 95,116 266 Grouper (Hapuku)..... 433 IONS 66 6.0)05010 0.0.0.0 0 121 See EM SoG 6'o.0 0.0.5 1,210 SOLER Atiememene tetreiel ctreits . 254 993 ole eeltel ellen te : ; 171 eliteitatioM ele oitoMeitonres ele 7,229 842 ee ctieli citar $5,465 | 1,772,628] 4,963 Spiny lobsters (1,000 lbs.) 1/ 2,998 9,002 | 1,070,888 Other shellfish (sacks)2/. . 107, 268 196,252| 550 Total shellfish ..... = 1,267, 140| 3,548 j1/Live weight. 2/Includes 72, 218 sacks of oysters and 35,050 sacks of mussels and scallops. cent of the value of the total 1962 finfish land- ings. The fishery for spiny lobster was by far the most valuable to the New Zealand fisher - men. (Commercial Fisheries, September 1963.) | Norway FISH CANNING INDUSTRY: Among the leading exports from Norway is canned fish which goes to markets throughout the world. In 1962, shipments amounted to 31,000 metric tons worth 156 million kroner (US$21 million). Mainmarkets are in the Unit- ed States, United Kingdom, Australia, and Can- ada. Leaders among Norway's canned fish ex- ports are Sild (small sea herring) and brisling sardines in oil and tomato, accounting for a- bout two-thirds of the total canned fish exports. Also important are herring kippers, mack- erel, roes, shrimp, and various delicatessen December 1963 Norway (Contd.): items such as herring tidbits, and Norwegian specialities such as fishballs and fish pud- ding. The method of preserving foods in hermet- ically sealed containers was introduced in Norway as long ago as 1841, but it was in 1879 when experiments in Stavanger led to the successful preservation of smoked bris- ling in olive oil, that the foundations for Nor- way's modern fish-canning industry were laid. Not long after, small herring (sild) were successfully canned as sardines, em- ploying the same method as for brisling. Norwegian brisling and sild sardines quickly became popular abroad. Norway's canned fish exports climbed sharply, from 2,000 tons in 1900 to 9,000 tons in 1908, to 21,000 tons in 1911, and to a record 52,000 tons in 1915. That early boom saw a rapid increase in canning companies and plants with a com- bined capacity far in excess of raw material supplies or marketing possibilities. Recent years have seen a big reduction in the number of companies and plants. The trend is towards larger units, increased specialization, and more sales cooperation. In 1950 there were 81 companies with149 plants producing brisling. In1963 there were 38 companies with 65 plants producing bris- ling. The trend has been the same for sild sardines and kippered herring. At the same time there has been technical rationalization and mechanization on an increasing scale. High and consistent quality has long been a factor determining the success of Norwe- gian canned fish on world markets. Stringent regulations and standards are enforced by law and conscientiously upheld by the indus- try itself in the knowledge that a reputation for quality is the best advertisement and must be strictly guarded. The Research Laboratory of the Norwe- gian Canning Industry, established more than a quarter of a century ago, the Official Nor- wegian Quality Control Institute for Canned Fish Products, established by law in 1953, and the Norwegian Canning School, all cen- tered in Stavanger, are a powerful group of institutions testifying to the Norwegian can- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 75 ning industry's determination to produce the best in canned fish for world markets. The largest concern in the Norwegian fish canning industry is located in Stavanger. This 80-year old company is the biggest canned fish producer in Scandinavia and accounts for about a third of Norway's total production and ex- port of canned fish. The output exceeds 50 million cans a year. In the last few years the company has in- vested about 15 million kroner (US$2.1 mil- lion) in an extensive modernization program. In Stavanger a new central factory is now in operation with a capacity exceeding the output of the five plants which the firm previously operated in that city. The raw material store can hold several hundred tons of fish at a time and features a deep freeze with a capacity of 24 tons per 24 hours with a freezing temperature of 30 de- grees below zero. Storing of fish in deep freeze is a new procedure in the canning in- dustry and means that production can be car- ried on continuously throughout the whole year instead of on an irregular seasonal basis. With continuous production, labor will be easier to get, and at the same time the total labor force can be reduced. Previously, this firm employed as many as 3,000 workers at peak times. Now it employs about 1,250 work- ers, mostly on an all-year-round basis. In addition to the new central plant in Sta- vanger, the company operates 9 plants else- where in Norway. The company has its own sales offices in the United States, Canada, and Australia. The United States is the principal market, and particularly well established on this market are the company's brisling sar- dines which have been sold here for more than half a century. (Norway Exports, March 1963.) MARKETING GROUP SETS RECORD FOR FROZEN FISH EXPORTS IN YEAR ENDING JUNE 1963: Norway's cooperative marketing organiza- tion for frozen fish products achieved record turnover and record exports in the fiscalyear ending June 1963. Total sales were about 45,000 tons and exports were 42,000 tons-- 8,000 tons more than in the preceding fiscal year. The biggest item was fillets at some 76 Norway (Contd.): 35,000 tons compared with 27,000 tons the preceding year. The markets are principally in the United States and West Europe. Exports to the Unit- ed States increased last year by no less than 50 percent, from 6,000 to 12,000 tons. The United Kingdom, West Germany, Italy, France, Sweden, Finland, Australia, and Israel, are the other principal customers. Sales in the 1962 fiscal year were worth about 175 mil- lion kroner (about US$25 million). The cooperative marketing organization was established in 1946 and is the market- ing organization for more than 90 freezing plants which are members. The plants are located at strategic points along the Norwe- gian coast, particularly in the north, close to the fishing grounds. The quality of the frozen fish is preserved at all stages from capture to retail outlet through a meticulously planned and stringent system of control of raw material, process- ing, Storage, and transport. The organiza- tion's research and testing departments have been developed and expanded and work close- ly with a team of inspectors appointed by the Norwegian State Fresh Fish Supervisory Board. In conformity with regulations laid down by the Norwegian Directorate of Fisher- ies, highly qualified experts ensure that only top quality material is processed. (Norway Exports, March 1963.) Panama SPINY LOBSTER EXPLORATORY FISHING PROJECT CONTINUED: M/V Pelican Cruise 15 (September 5- 27, 1963): The survey of stocks of spiny lob- sters off Panama by the chartered commer- cial fishing vessel Pelican was continued in September 1963 when simulated commercial lobster fishing was conducted in the north- west section of the Bay of Panama. The sur- vey is being conducted by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries through an interagen- cy agreement with the U. S. Agency for Inter- national Development (AID) Mission to Pana- ma as an Alliance for Progress program. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 12 M/V Pelican, commercial fishing vessel under charter to U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries for exploratory work off Pana- ma. The total catch during the cruise was 1,066 lobsters weighing 1,458 pounds. The catch consisted of 970 (1,374 pounds) spiny lobsters (Panulirus gracilis) and 96 (84 pounds) rock lobsters (Scyllarides species). Of those, 25 spiny and 95 rock lobsters were caught in trawls during bait-fishing operations. The rest of the catch was made with Florida-type wood slat traps. Fishing operations were designed to ap- proximate as close as possible a 1-boat 2- man operation using a string of 200 traps. The traps (90 percent of which were new) were dis- tributed in selected areas and 100 were hauled and reset each day. The catch was light with the new traps for the first few days, but grad- ually increased until about 100 pounds of lob- sters per day were being caught. The 100- pound-per-day average continued until strong southeast winds developed with a change in the weather. During this period, the catch in traps in open and exposed areas dropped dras- tically. Traps protected by several small is- lands continued to produce at the previous catch rate. After the wind calmed, the catch rates of the exposed traps gradually increased over a period of a week until production again reached 100 pounds per day. Two experimental molded polyethylene plas- tic traps were used without success. One of the traps was severely damaged by sharks. During bait trawling, 1 tow produced 4 bush- els of scallops (Pecten species) from a depth of 10 fathoms. The meats were of commercial size and the yield averaged 7-8 pints per bush- ell. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, August 1963 p. 102. ~~ ~ ~ December 1963 Philippine Republic CANNED SARDINE BIDS CANCELLED: Bids for the award of 500,000 cases of sardines by the Philippine National Market- ing Corporation (NAMARCO) were opened on September 23, 1963. NAMARCO announced, however, that no award was made, since the country of origin of the sardines offered could not be identified (the conditions of the tender specified that South African products would not be accepted). Instead, NAMARCO has issued a tender for mackerel and sauries. (United States Embassy, Manila, October 28, 1963.) Poland FISHERIES TRENDS, JULY 1963: Good herring catches were taken by the Polish fleet of over 100 trawlers and 50 cut- ters which operated in the North Sea in July 1963. The Deputy Director of the Polish As- sociation of the Fish Economy reported that for the first time in many years herring schools were found in both shallow and deep water in the North Sea. Some lugger trawl- ers based in Szczecin caught 15-24 metric tons daily in July. Polish cutters in the Baltic Sea also had a good season in the summer of 1963, al- though July and August are usually slack pe- riods. Four Polish trawlers which operated in the North Atlantic off the coast of Labrador in the summer of 1963, reported an average catch in July of 42 tons per day. (Trybuna Ludu, Warsaw, July 27, 1963.) Portugal CANNED FISH EXPORTS, JANUARY -JUNE 1963: Portugal's total exports of canned fish dur - ing theéfirst half of 1963 were down 3.3 per- cent from those in the same period of 1962 due primarily to lower exports of sardines (down 8.0 percent) and anchovy fillets (down 16.9 percent). The decline was offset partly by a considerable increase in exports of mackerel. Sardines accounted for 78.7 per- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 77 cent of the 1963 exports of canned fish, follow- ed by anchovy fillets with 9.0 percent, and mackerel with 7.4 percent. Portuguese Canned Fish Exports, January-June 1962-1963 Product Metric Tons In Oil or Sauce: 23, 103 570 2,170 1,003 Sardines! sie. Chinchards Mackerel Tuna and tuna-like Anchovy fillets 2,338 Othersiiedeelkeus 162 Portugal's principal canned fish buyers during the first half of 1963 were Germany with 4,778 metric tons, followed by Italy with 3,825 tons, United Kingdom 3,587 tons, the United States 3,380 tons, France 2,585 tons, and Belgium-Luxembourg 2,256 tons. (Conservas de Peixe, August 1963.) CANNED FISH PACK, JANUARY-JUNE 1963: Portugal's total pack of canned fish in oil or sauce for the first half of 1963 was down about 43 percent as compared with the same period in 1962. The decline was due toa sharp drop in the pack of sardines as well as a smaller pack of chinchards and anchovy fil- lets. During February and March 1963, a closed season for sardine fishing was in ef- fect. Portuguese sardine landings during Jan- Portuguese Canned Fish Pack, January-June 1962-1963 January -June Oil or Sauce: Sardines... Chinchards . Mackerel Tuna and tuna-like Anchovy fillets Others... uary-June 1963 totaled 30,262 metric tons, compared with 78,737 tons in the same period of 1962. (Conservas de Peixe, August 1963.) 78 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Somali Republic TUNA CANNERY TO BE BUILT WITH SOVIET AID: A tuna cannery is to be built in the north- ern part of the Somali Republic with Soviet technical assistance and credit. Material, erection machinery, and transport equipment were being supplied by the Soviet Union. Lo- cated in the Las Khoreh zone of Somalia, the new plant will have an estimated seasonal production capacity of 2,100 metric tons of canned fish (calculated on the basis of single- shift operation). Plans for the new operation call for the installation of fish reduction equipment with a capacity of 15 tons per day, a fish freezer with a capacity of 20 tons per day, and cold-storage facilities for 800 tons of frozen products. (United States Embassy, Mogadiscio, October 14, 1963.) PILCHARD-MAASBANKER FISHERY, LANDINGS AND PRODUCTION, 1959-63: Improved landings inthe final stages of the Republic of South Africa's Cape west coast pelagic shoal fishing season helped to offset the disappointing early months when results were far below those for the January-March periods in 1961 and 1962. Landings for the 7-month season were 441,943 short tons of pilchards, 12,827 tons of maasbanker, and 14,634 tons of mackerel. To fishermen and factories who had just en- joyed two remarkably good years, the 1963 Vol. 25, No. 1 A feature of the Cape fishing season was the wide distribution of the fish schools. Fish were taken over most of the now extended op- erating area, but the best catches were north of Cape Town. This was to the advantage of factories from Saldanha Bay to Lambert's Bay. Catch and production figures for the Cape west coast over the five year period 1959 to 1963 are shown in table. Although the pilchard landings in1963, were higher than those of any year except 1962 and 1963, those for maasbanker dropped sharply from the 69,432 tons landed in 1962 and the 1963 total of only 12,827 tons was the lowest since the Cape west coast shoal fishery be- gan in 1946/47. The mackerel landings also fell off sharply and the 1963 total of 14,634 tons was the lowest since 1957. Both the maasbanker and the mackerel landings can still, however, be improved if a substantial effort is made in the November and Decem- ber short Season when these two species of fish may be caught. (The South African Ship- ping News and Fishing Industry Review, Sep- tember 1963.) hy Foe Se ke eek SK Cesc CEC: PILCHARD-MAASBANKER FISHERY, JULY 1963: According to figures released by the Divi- sion of Sea Fisheries, the July 1963 catch was 64,726 tons of pilchards and 35 tons maasbank- er. This compares with 42,341 tons pilchards, 6,176 tons maasbanker, and 3,010 tons mack- erel in July 1962; and with 56,503 tons pil- chards, 301 tons maasbanker, and 11,703 tons mackerel in July 1961. South Africa's Cape West Coast Pelagic Shoal Fish Landings and Production, 1959-1963 Total Landings ee + (Short Tons).... 469, 404 545,569 542, 429 423,524 342,776 108,743 124, 698 119, 388 90, 204 71,505 landings of 469,404 tons were down as com- pared with the 545,569 tons landed in 1962 and the 542,429 tons landed in 1961. However, the 1963 landings were the third highest taken by the Cape west coast fleet. With Walvis Bay factories permitted to proc- ess 540,000 tons of pilchards in 1963, the combined South and South-West African shoal fishing catch may exceed the 1962 record of more than 980,000 tons. Canned Fish Pilchard Mackerel (000 Lbs.) See 3,339 , 21,006 7,894 | 40,714 11,780 43, 227 8,075 | 29,984 12/781 | 20,629 Fish Body Oil 1,000 Gals. 6, 693 8, 295 9,725 6, 080 3,592 The July 1963 catch yielded 15,285 short tons fish meal, 412,616 imperial gallons fish body oil, and 2,674,128 pounds of canned pil- chards. (The South African Shipping News and Fishing Industry Review, September 1963.) December 1963 South-West Africa FISHERIES TRENDS, JULY 1963: During the month of July, 17,235 tons of fish meal were shipped from Walvis Bay, South-West Africa. The shipments werecon- signed mainly to Hast Germany. In August another 9,000 tons were due to be shipped and a near record shipment of 25,000 tons was due to be shipped in September. All the available fish oil will be shipped to the United Kingdom in November aboard the tanker Anella. Although the quality of the pilchards im- proved in late July and early August, withthe yield increasing to over 10 gallons per ton of raw fish, the fish reduction plants were well behind the anticipated fish-oil production for the year. Pilchard landings at Walvis Bay in South- West Africa in June amounted to 79,477 short tons and in July this year to 75,338 tons. Landings at Walvis Bay during January-July 1963 totaled 350,119 tons. (The South Afri- can Shipping News and Fishing Industry Re- view, September 1963.) Taiwan NEW FISHING VESSELS TO BE FINANCED BY WORLD BANK LOAN: Announcement of the signing on September 27, 1963, of an agreement by the Internation- al Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the Taiwan Government calling for a US$7.8 million loan to finance the construc- tion of 16 large fishing vessels was well re- ceived by the Taiwan press. According to present plans the World Bank loan, which is the first to be made to Taiwan, will meet the foreign exchange costs of con- structing thirteen 300-ton vessels and three 1,000-ton vessels. The loan is for a term of 15 years at 5.5 percent interest. Sub-loans will be made by the Land Bank of Taiwan at 7 percent. The loan was approved in principle some months ago but signing was delayed in order to permit the Government to find suitable fish- ing companies willing to apply for the new vessels and able to finance them. This has COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 19 now been accomplished, but a number of the recipients are newly-organized companies having no previous experience in this line of business. (United States Embassy, Taipei, October 11, 1963.) Thailand FISHERIES LANDINGS INCREASE: The total estimated fisheries catch in Thai- land from all sources in 1962 was 13 percent above that of the previous year. Fish is one of the main supplements to the people's rice diet and there is a large catch by anglers for their own direct consumption. Thailand Fisheries Catch, 1960-1962 The Government of Thailand distributes carp fingerlings and other kinds of fresh wa- ter fish to stock inland ponds and streams. A growing practice around Bangkok is to com- bine fish production with the raising of poultry or swine in pens built over water. Thailand's imports of fishery products have been limited to 5 to 10 metric tons an- nually. (United States Embassy, Bangkok, September 23, 1963.) Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, March 1963 p. 83, July 1961 p. 92. OA 505 ite fe tel ikl iokhiiok FISHERIES SURVEYED FOR POTENTIAL INVESTMENT BY UNITED STATES FIRM: A divisional sales manager of one of the large California tuna canning firms is undertaking a survey to determine the feasibility of a large-scale fishing, freezing, canning, and marketing operation in Thailand, The expenses of the trip are being shared by the U. S, Agency for International De= velopment (AID) under its investment survey program, The California firm’s representative in reviewing the in= vestment possibilities in Thailand’s fishing industry com=- mented as follows: (1). The California firm apparently has adequate re= search data available to meet its needs regarding oceanog= raphy and the presence of abundant marine life in the Gulf of Thailand, the Indian Ocean, and the Andaman Sea, (2) The representative stated, however, that he is con= cerned that the fish in the Gulf of Thailand may be relative= ly isolated in the Gulf and not be a part of large movements of fish from outer waters, Should this be the case, he said 80 Thailand (Contd.): that there might not be a sufficient quantity of fish in the Gulf to support a large-scale fishing operation, (3) He mentioned also his concern about the present re= quirement that all fish for local consumption must pass through the market before processing, packing, or retail- ing. Unless the Thailand Government were to agree to some remedial procedure, this would mean that the large process= er would have to purchase his own catch through the market prior to freezing, canning, etc. This point would have to be clarified in connection with any application to the Board of Investment for promotional privileges, (4) It is contemplated that an economic fishing and proc= essing operation, of the scale that would interest the Cali- fornia firm, would include the use of fishing fleets both in the Gulf and in the waters west of southern Thailand, (5) In order to determine the domestic market potential, and the role this market will play in the total sales pro= gram, the representative is commencing his survey with a study of wholesale and retail fish distribution in Thailand and the public’s fish eating habits. (6) He feels that because of the increasing world demand for fish products and the fact that several large markets in the Far East, particularly the Philippines, are looking for new sources of supply, there appears to be an excellent op- portunity for the establishment of a regional supply point, He hopes this survey will prove the feasibility of setting up such a supply point in Thailand, (7) It is anticipated that the survey will take from 6 to 8 weeks. (United States Embassy, Bangkok, October 21, 1963.) U.S.S.R. FISHERIES TRENDS IN NORTHWEST ATLANTIC, OCTOBER 1963: In October 1963, the Soviet fishing fleet on Georges Bank in the Northwest Atlantic was Sharply reduced from a high of about 300 vessels engaged in taking herring and whiting in August and September 1963. The fleet began leaving Georges Bank early in October, about six weeks ahead of the sched- uled departure date. Shortly after the middle of that month, only 16 vessels (11 sterntrawl- ers and 5 support ships) were observed in the area south of Nova Scotia, Canada. Those vessels were located adjacent to Browns Bank. One or two Soviet vessels were seen at various times in late October on Georges Bank, but they were probably research ves- sels searching for concentrations of herring. During the summer of 1963, representa- tives of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries boarded five Soviet trawlers which were towed into Cape Cod Bay (Mass.) for repairs. The vessels had been away from their home port on the Baltic Sea for periods varying from 3 to 6 months. Each of the ves- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 12 sels boarded reported having taken only her- ring and whiting. The otter-trawl nets used by the vessels in 1963 were designed to fish off the bottom as they were not equipped with rollers or heavy sweep ropes. The synthetic cod ends had meshes of approximately 4% inch- es and a liner with meshes measuring about 14 inches. During 1962, the Soviet trawlers fishing on Georges Bank were equipped with gill nets in- stead of otter trawls. The gill nets caused U. S. fishing vessels considerable difficulty because of their length and because pieces of gill net would frequently break away from the main net. At least 15 U.S. fishing vessels were disabled in 1962 by gill nets which fouled their propellors. Only 2 or 3 vessels suffered similar damage in 1963. The herring caught by the Soviet trawlers were salted down whole in barrels by a spe- cial machine carried on the deck of the fish- ing vessels. The machine had an endless bucket belt which lifted the herring up to a point above the barrel which was on a vibra- ting platform. Salt from a hopper on the side was introduced as herring fell into the barrel. The vibrating platform assured a solidly filled barrel and a good mixing of salt and fish. Filled barrels were stowed in the hold and on deck, while awaiting transfer to a fish trans- port. Depending upon the weather and seacon- ditions, the trawlers would go alongside about every 3 days or when they had about 6 tons of fish to transfer. They received, in return, empty barrels, fuel, food, and water. During June-September 1963, the period of greatest activity, the Soviet fleet appeared tobe fishing a great dealharder thaninpast years. The sterntrawlers were seldom seenat anchor, and the side trawlers appeared to be fishing most ofthetime. Thesmokeissuingfrom the stern trawlers indicated that greater quantities of fish meal were produced in1963 thanbefore, and the number of fish transports present seemed to indicate a larger over-all catch of fish. Note: See Commercial Fisheries Review, November 1963 p. 84. Also see ''Foreign Fisheries Briefs, '' p. 84 of this issue. (a | i Syke United Arab Republic FISHING INDUSTRY STATUS IN 1962 AND OUTLOOK FOR 1963: Fishermen in the United Arab Republic (U.A.R.), landed an estimated 118,000 to December 1963 United Arab Republic (Contd.): 140,000 metric tons of fish in 1962, a consid- erable increase over the estimated 1961 catch of 110,000 tons. The 1962 catch was valued at up to EE 16.8 million (US$38.6 million) as compared to BE 11.0 million ($25.3 million) in the previous year. Estimated frozen shrimp production in 1962 reached an all- time high of 1,466 tons, valued at an esti- mated LE 870,000 ($2.0 million). Estimated 1961 shrimp production was 955 tons valued at BE 454,000 ($1.0 million). Sales of frozen shrimp to the United States are declining but sales to European and Japanese markets are mounting. Export and domestic shrimp prices rose about 10 percent in 1963, with Japan pay- ing the highest prices for top quality shrimp. With expanding market possibilities, frozen shrimp processing capacity in the U.A.R. is being increased. Other new developments in- clude afish meal and shark liver oil plant which opened at Ghardaka on the Red Sea in 1963. U.A.R. fishery exports totaled 2,085 tons in 1962 valued at LE762,000 ($1.8 million), an increase of 9 percent over 1961, when ex- ports amounted to 1,913 tons valued at EE 564,000 ($1.3 million). Imports, on the other hand, totaled 1,409 tons in 1962, valued at LE 88,000 ($202,000), a sharp drop from 1961, when imports totaled 7,599 tons valued at LE 918,972 ($2.1 million). Imports in 1963 were running behind 1962, while exports may exceed those in 1962. Domestic consumption of fish in the U.A.R. in 1962 was between 117,000 and 139,000 tons or about 5.2 kilo- grams (11.5 pounds) of fish per capita. The U.A.R. fishing fleet is now estimated at 12,685 vessels of which only 663 are mo- torized. New vessels are being built in local shipyards or purchased abroad, and Diesel motors are being installed in many vessels in the existing sailing fleet. There are an estimated 70,581 licensed fishermen (including 14,000 apprentices) in the U.A.R. and up to 230,000 workers em- ployed in allied industries. Fishing employ- ment, therefore, represents about 5 percent of the total U.A.R. labor force of a little more than 6 million. Although fish marketing is still generally in the hands of private fish brokers and han- dlers, the trend is toward cooperative mar- keting in accordance with stated national pol- icy. Fish is presently marketed cooperatively in Port Said and Suez and mainly through tra- ditional channels in all other U. A. R. ports. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 81 Fisheries research is being actively pur- sued under the Ministry of Scientific Research, which is negotiating to buy a new 300-ton re- search vessel to be used for exploratory and experimental fishing in coastal waters. Prog- ress was also reported in the Ministry's fish farms, breeding stations, and lake research laboratories in 1962. Nile River research is being carried out between Aswan and the Su- danese frontier to determine the types of fish and conditions for fish life that may be found in the new Lake Nasr that will form behind the Aswan High Dam by 1968. The General Organization for Aquatic Re- sources, Ministry of Supply, is the Govern- ment's principal instrument for developing the country's fisheries. That Agency is oper- ating in fiscal year 1963/1964 ona budget of LE 3.8 million ($8.7 million) compared to a budget of HE 1.8 million ($4.3 million) in 1962/1963. New fishing ports are planned in Alexandria and Damietta and improvements were being made at Mersa Matruh. Fishing harbors are planned for the Red Sea ports of El Arish, Ghardaka (Hurghada), Safaga, Ras Banas, Berenice, and Quseir. The inland lakes policy dispute--whether to dry up the inland lakes for use as reclaimed farm land or continue utilizing them as inland fisheries -- was Still unsettled in the fall of 1963. Active international fishing agreements are in force between the U.A.R. and Greece and Holland and new agreements were being negotiated with Japan and Russia. Former agreements with Italy, Yugoslavia, and Poland are dormant. Fishing collaboration with So- malia, Yemen, Kuwait, and the Sudan is plan- ned, but no firm arrangements had been con- cluded by the latter part of 1963. (United States Consulate, Alexandria, October 25, 1963.) United Kingdom PRODUCTION OF FISH FLOUR AROUSES INTEREST: Inquiries from about 20 British manufac - turers interested in incorporating the new high-protein fish flour in their food products have been received by an Aberdeen manufac- turer. Requests for information have also come from South America and Europe. The managing director of the company, said that he was sending as much information 82 United Kingdom (Contd.): as possible to manufacturers of foodstuffs in Scotland and England. Samples were also being provided for laboratory tests by indi- vidual firms. The inquiries have come mainly from bakers and manufacturers of fish dishes. The managing director stressed that he would be ready to send samples to anyone who was prepared to introduce the flour into other products as well. He hoped that concrete orders would re- sult from the information he had given. The high protein content of the flour made it ideal for export in various forms to countries which were trying to overcome the problem of mal- nutrition, and everything would depend, he said, on how favorably individual manufactur - ers regarded the results of their tests. Scientists would subject the samples to intensive tests, looking particularly for pro- tein content and the quantity of amino acids. The firms would then decide whether the product was suitable for inclusion in their foods. He also stated that, as well as selling the flour to British companies, he was interested in large-scale export. His firm was ready to manufacture and send the flour to South Amer - ican and African countries if they were cap- able of distributing the product by themselves. If orders were placed in really substantial numbers, he added, he would probably ap- proach bodies like the Board of Trade and the Colonial Office for financial and other aid in producing and marketing the flour. Americans who were carrying out re- search in the same field had the use of a sub- stantial Government grant, he pointed out, and it would be helpful if similar backing could be instituted in Britain, (Fish Trades Gazette, September 14, 1963.) le cle oe oe ook oe Sek) Kk 3K Kk TROPICAL FISH RESOURCES OVERRATED: Can the production of fish from tropical seas continue to expand until it rivals that of the temperate andcoldseas--now the source of about 80 percent of the world's sea fish- ing? Scientists, who presented a paper at the recent Annual Meeting of the British As- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 12 sociation under the title''Tropical Fisheries Resources," think not. The total production of fish in tropical seas by mechanized methods is now about 6 million tons a year out of a world total of about 40 million tons. About 40 percent of tropical production consists of tuna and related species, about 40 percent is of herring-like species, leaving about 20 per- cent of other fish, mostly line and trawl- caught bottom fish. However, with the spec- tacular increase of the last few years, the to- tal tuna landings are now only about 0.5 mil- lion tons annually, and some of these tuna re- sources are now showing some signs of over- fishing. The tropical continental shelves are most- ly very narrow and limited in area compared with those which form the great fishing banks of colder seas, and the productivity in terms of plankton and other fishing food produced per acre is relatively low, due to a chain of events which inhibits the upwelling of cold water to the surface. It is only in these up- welling areas that production equals that of cold seas, and these areas are few and far between. Nevertheless, there are certain areas where further exploitation could take place, particularly with surface shoaling fish in the Atlantic and in the Western Indian Ocean off the African coast. Much more, too, can be done with the tropical shrimp fisheries. The northeast South American stocks show great promise, and there is much activity in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. The Bight of Biafra, on the West African coast, the East Indian shelf and several other tropical conti- nental slopes could all bring spectacular re- sults if properly developed. There has been a great deal of talk about the possibilities of exploiting the world's tropi- cal fishresources tothe fullest. The British scientists have done a valuable service in estab - lishing that while warmer Seas will yield more, the potentialities are overrated. The most ur- gent needis surely for European countries to rationalize fish productioninthe richand over- exploited fishing grounds of the North. One couldalmost say now thatthe fishing problems of the developed countries are more pressing than those of the emerging countries, where the problems of production are basically more simpleto resolve than the primarily economic dilemma in which the heavily capitalized mech- anized fleets now find themselves. (World Fish- ing, October 1963.) December 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 83 Uruguay tons (205 tons of cod fish valued at $160,000 and 117 tons of other seafood valued at $454,000). IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS, 1962: Uruguay's imports in 1962 included 2 fish- In 1962, Uruguay's exports of fishery prod- | ing vessels with a combined value of $334,000. ucts amounted to 4,000 metric tons valued at | (UnitedStates Embassy, Montevideo, October US$173,000, while fishery imports totaled 322 | 21, 1963.) Se. Generous chunks of protein-rich tuna com- bined with fresh nut- meats, red apple slices, crisp lettuce, and savory salad dressing provide all the vital nutrients of a hearty meal. Quick and easy to prepare, Tuna Waldorf has uni- versal appeal that will delight the discriminat- ing, satisfy the selec- particular. 2 cans (6-% or 7 ounces each) tuna V, cup chopped nutmeats 1 cup diced apples VY, cup mayonnaise or salad dressing %, cup chopped celery Lettuce Drain tuna. Break into large pieces. Combine all ingredients except lettuce. Serve on lettuce. Serves 6. f—-—-— Issued by the National Marketing Services Office, U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Chicago 5, --From Fisheries Marketing Bulletin: 'Protein Treasure from the Seven Seas." Ill. | 84 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Foreign Fisheries Briefs SOVIET NEW FLOATING CANNERY ACTIVE IN NORTH PACIFIC AND BERING SEA: The Konstantin Sukhanov, the 5th in the 12,000-ton Andrei Zakharov class of crab- and fish-canning factoryships, is active in the North Pacific, according to a Soviet report. Russian king crab factoryship Andrei Zakharov. This new vessel left Vladivostok during the last week in September 1963 and is expected to be at sea for over a year. She was built in the Admiralty shipyards in Leningrad. (Unpublished sources.) SOVIET NORTH PACIFIC FISHING VESSELS REPORT GOOD CATCHES: Good fish catches for the first 9 months of 1963 were reported by two Soviet fising ves- sels of the Far East fleets. A large refrig- erated stern trawler of the Kamchatka fleet caught 8,000 metric tons of fish. This a- mount was the annual catch goal set for this type of vessel and it was reached well ahead of schedule. The catch was a record, exceed- ing that of any of the large stern trawlers in 1962. In 1962, the average catch for large refrigerated stern trawlers was about 5,500 metric tons. . A medium trawler (SRT) in the Aleutian fishing expedition reported a 9-month catch of 2,000 metric tons, of which about 1,400 tons were oceanperch. This vessel, the Ger- man Titov, had been reported operating in the North Pacific and Bering Sea in 1962 as well as in 1963. In 1962, the average annual catch for this type of vessel was 1,400 metric tons. The record catch for a medium trawler was 3,200 tons in 1961. (Unpublished sources.) SOVIET PLANS DEEP-WATER FISHING IN BERING SEA: The Soviet press and radio reported on October 9, 1963, that a Soviet fishing survey Vol. 25, No. 12 expedition has found that fishing can be done effectively at depths between 200 and 350 fath- oms. The expedition was reported to have discoveredanarea about 500 miles longin the Bering Sea where ''stable'' catches of ocean - perch, halibut, and other fish can be made throughout the year by deep-water fishing. One trawler made hauls of 13,000 to 22,000 pounds of sablefish and halibut in that deep area. The State Committee for Fishery Economy has decided to make the Bering Sea the ''chief deep-fishing grounds next year.'' Soviet Far East fishermen intend to get one-fifth of their annual catch in that area. The Far East fish- eries usually produce about one-third of the annual Soviet fisheries landings. (Unpublished sources.) SOVIET FISHING FLEETS IN EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC AND BERING SEA DECLINE IN OCTOBER: Following the pattern of previous years, the Soviet fishing fleet decreased during the fall months in the North Pacific (including the Gulf of Alaska) and the eastern Bering Sea. In late October a fleet of about 30 ves- sels was active in these areas. About 16 trawlers and support vessels were reported fishing mainly ocean perch in the Albatross Bank area southeast of Kodiak Island. A sin- gle whale factoryship and its fleet of whale catchers were operating near the western Aleutians. Three stern trawlers remained in the area north of Adak and Atka Islands and were reportedly taking ocean perch. In early October, a single Soviet explora- tory fishing vessel was reported operating off the southwest coast of Canada's Vancou- ver Island. (Unpublished sources.) SOVIETS DELIVER FROZEN FISH TO CUBA: In mid-October, the Soviet refrigerated cargo vessel Burevestnik delivered 1.3 million pounds of frozenfishto Santiago on the south- eastern shore of Cuba. This cargo vessel be- longs to the Estonian fishing fleet based at Tal- linn onthe Gulf of Finland. Vessels of the Es- toninan fleet operate regularly on Georges Bank inthe Northwest Atlantic Ocean and off the west coast of Africa. (Unpublished sources.) Notes: (1) These briefs were abstracted and compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Branch of Foreign Fisheries and Trade. (2) See Commercial Fisheries Review, November 1963 p- 84; September 1963 p. 97; August 1963 p. 112. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Sep. No. 697 December 1963 Department of Health, Education, and Welfare FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION PETITION REQUESTS REVISION OF CANNED TUNA STANDARDS: ners Association (NCA) petitioned the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to a- mend the Standard of Identity for canned tuna to permit the use of sodium acid pyro- phosphate as an optional ingredient. Thead- dition of this substance to canned tuna would prevent the formation of struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate), a harmless crystal- line substance which sometimes forms in cans of tuna and other canned fishery prod- ucts after processing. The crystals, which may appear a few days after processing or after storage, in no way affect the whole- someness of canned tuna, but are detrimen- tal to its texture. The petition is the result of several years of research carried out in industry and NCA laboratories. The investigations have been coordinated by a special industry committee, under the chairmanship of the manager of NCA's Northwest Research Laboratory. The NCA petition would amend the Stand- ard of Identity for canned tuna by inserting the following paragraph: '(g) For purposes of inhibiting the formation of struvite sodium acid pyrophosphate may be added in a quan- tity not to exceed in total 0.15 gram for each ounce of net weight of the finished product.' Labeling requirements would be amended as follows: '(7) Where the canned tuna con- tains the optional ingredient listed in para- graph (g) of this section, the label shallbear the statement 'pyrophosphate added! or 'With added pyrophosphate!.'' (NCA Fishery In- formation Bulletin, October 11, 1963. 7 OOK OK OK OO oO ACTIONS COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 85 SMOKED FISH FROM GREAT LAKES AREA TO BE DISTRIBUTED AS A FROZEN FOOD: “Smoked fish from the Great Lakes area will henceforth be stored and distributed as a frozen food, according to an announcement made October 30, 1963, by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the National Fish- eries Institute. The Institute, representing 90 to 95 per- cent of the United States fish smoking and curing production and dollar value, advised the FDA Commissioner of this and other steps which the industry will undertake to insure against further instances of a botulism out- break caused by smoked fish. The botulism toxin does not develop below freezing tem- perature. The Institute's action follows FDA's rec- ommendation on October 25, 1963, that all smoked fish products from the Great Lakes area should be destroyed. The FDA's warn- ing applied only to smoked fish, NOT tofresh, frozen, pickled, or canned fish. The Insti- tute's action does not change the situation with respect to smoked fish already distri- buted. "The Institute is to be commended for its prompt action in dealing with an emergency situation, '' the FDA Commissioner said. ''The measures they have agreed to adopt are con- sistent with recommendations of the FDA's advisory committee on botulism. They will be adequate to prevent botulism while tech- nological studies are being made to develop practices for long-range application,'' the Commissioner said. Following is the full text of the Institute's letter of commitment to the Food and Drug Administration: "The National Fisheries Institute and its members, representing 90 to 95 percent of the United States fish smoking and curing pro- duction and dollar value, recognize the exist- 86 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW ence of an emergency in our industry. We agree with the intent of the Food and Drug Administration advisory of October 25, 1963. "To enable the American consumer to continue to enjoy and we the producers to continue to market smoked fish, we agree, with respect to Great Lakes fish and fish processed in plants located in the Great Lakes area to: "1, Review and improve all sanitationand handling practices throughout the entire chain of production from and including vessels, transportation, processing plants, distribu- tion, and retailing operations to the consum- er. "2. Smoke the fish in the best possible fashion, employing better technology and uti- lizing more scientific methods. "3, Freeze the product upon completion of the smoking, whether film vacuum-packed or bulk-packed, and to store and distribute the product in that condition to our custom- ers. "4, Plainly mark all packages containing smoked fish 'Perishable--Keep Frozen.! "In the case of the bulk-packed product, to supply the retailer with a placard which will read 'Perishable--Keep Frozen! to be displayed with the product." © Department of the Interior FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES FEDERAL STANDARDS FOR GRADES OF FROZEN RAW BREADED FISH PORTIONS: Voluntary standards amended for grades of frozen raw breaded fish portions have been promulgated by the U.S. Department of the Interior. The standards were published in the October 18, 1963, Federal Register. They will become effective, with one possible exception, on November 17, 1963. The a- mended standards supersede the standards which have been in effect since March 23, 1960. The proposed amendment to these standards was published in the Federal Reg- ister of August 16, 1963. Vol. 25, No. 12 The standards were developed by the Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries, Fish and Wildlife Service, in cooperation with the in- dustry and the National Fisheries Institute, an industry trade association. Interested persons had until September 16, 1963, tosub- mit written comments, suggestions, oramend- ments with respect to the amended regula- tions to the Director, U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries. As a result, the amended standards were adopted with one change (sec- tion 266.5) that realigns the requirements for more direct and simplified application. The revised part will become effective November 17, 1963, or on any date subsequent thereto at the election of the U.S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries, but not later than July 1, 1963. The standards include raw breaded fish portions cut from frozen fish blocks. The U.S. Grade A is the highest quality product; U.S. Grade B is acceptable in all respects. Frozen raw breaded fish portions which do not meet the A or B grades are considered substandard. Firms processing the fish in accordance with the standards and under the continuous inspection of the Government have the privi- lege of displaying the Department of the In- terior "shield of quality'’ upon the product. The United States voluntary standards for grades of frozen raw breaded fish portions as shown in October 18, 1963, Federal Reg- ister follow: ans Chapter !l—Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior SUBCHAPTER G—PROCESSED FISHERY PRODUCTS, PROCESSED PRODUCTS, THEREOF AND CER- TAIN OTHER PROCESSED FOOD PRODUCTS PART 266—UNITED STATES STAND- ARDS FOR GRADES OF FROZEN RAW BREADED FISH PORTIONS * » On page 8412 of the FEDERAL REGISTER of August 16, 1963, there was published a notice and text of a proposed amendment of part 266—United States Standards for Grades of Frozen Raw Breaded Fish Por- tions—of Title 50, Code of Federal Regu- lations. Interested persons were given until September 16, 1963, to submit written comments, suggestions of objections with respect to the proposed revised part. Two responses to the proposal were re- ceived. After consideration of all relevant mat- ters presented, including the proposal set forth in the aforesaid notice, the pro- posed revised part is hereby adopted with one change and is set forth below. A 1Compliance with the provisions of these standards shall not excuse failure to comply with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. December 1963 change was made in § 266.5 to realign the requirements of that section for more direct and simplified application. The revised part is issued under the authority transferred to the Department of the Interior by section 6(a) of the Fish and Wildlife Act of August 8, 1956 (16 U.S.C. 742e). This part shall become effective at the beginning of the 30th calendar day following the date of this publication in the FEDERAL REGISTER except that the requirements of § 266.5 shall become ef- fective on such date or on any date sub- sequent thereto at the election of the ap- plicant but not later than July 1, 1964. Stewart L. UDALL, Secretary of the Interior. OctoseErR 11, 1963. Sec. 266.1 Description of the product. 266.2 Styles of frozen raw breaded fish portions. 266.3 Grades of frozen raw breaded fish portions. 266.5 Labeling requirements for styles of frozen raw breaded fish portions. 266.11 Determination of the grade. 266.21 Definitions. 266.25 Tolerances for certification of offi- cially drawn samples. AUTHORITY: §§ 266.1 to 266.25 issued under 16 U.S.C. 742e. § 266.1 Description of the product. Frozen raw breaded portions are clean, wholesome, rectangular-shaped unglazed masses of cohering pieces (not ground) of fish flesh coated with breading. The portions are cut from frozen fish blocks; are coated with a suitable, wholesome batter and breading; and are packaged COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW and frozen in accordance with good com- mercial practice. They are maintained at temperatures necessary for the pres- ervation of the product. Frozen raw breaded fish portions weigh more than 14% ounces, and are at least %-inch thick. Frozen raw breaded fish portions contain not less than 75 percent, by weight, of fish flesh. All portions in an individual package are prepared from the flesh of one species of fish. § 266.2 Styles of frozen raw breaded fish portions. (a) Style I—Skinless portions. Por- tions prepared from fish blocks which have been made with skinless fillets. (b) Style II—Skin-on-portions. Por- tions prepared from fish blocks which have been made with demonstrably ac- ceptable skin-on fillets. § 266.3 Grades of frozen raw breaded fish portions. (a) “U.S. Grade A” is the quality of frozen raw breaded fish portions that (1) possess good flavor and odor and (2) rate a total score of not less than 85 points for those factors of quality that are rated in accordance with the scoring system outlined in this part. (b) “U.S. Grade B” is the quality of frozen raw breaded fish portions that (1) possess at least reasonably good flavor and odor and (2) rate a total score of not less than 70 points for those factors of quality that are rated in ac- cordance with the scoring system out- lined in this part. (c) “Substandard” is the quality of frozen raw breaded portions that meet L TABLE 1—SCHEDULE OF PoINT DEDUCTIONS PER SAMPLE UNIT OF 10 PorTIONS Method of determining score 1 | Condition of package.-.] Small degree: Moderate loose breading and/or moderate frost-_----- HH) CUS Excessive loose breading and/or excessive amount rost. Factors scored affected. Minor: Hand separated with difficulty. Each affected Major: Separated only by knife or other instrument. Each Deduct mutilated.! Frozen state portions is: Over 14 inch Uniformity Each affected. Cooked state Fish flesh__.._-- 1 An instance =each 46 square inch (14-inch square), Minor: 1 to 5 instances. Major: Over 5 instances, Deviation in length or width between the 2 largest and 2 smallest Up to 4% inch____ Over 14 inch and Weight ratio of the 2 heaviest divided by the 2 lightest portions: Over 1.0 but not over 1.2 Over 1.2 but not over 1.3. Over 1.3 but not over 1.4. Minor: Bending, shrinking, twisting—l4 to 4inch. Each affected_ Major: Excessive bending, shrinking, twisting—over 34 inch. Bare spots, blistering, ridges, breaks, curds; ! Minor: I to G instances. Each affected_. Major: Over 6 instances. Skin (except for style I1), blood spots, bruises, and discolorations: Minor: 1 to 6 instances. Major: Over 6 instances. Portions containing bones (potentially harmful). Each affected__ Small degree: Moderately dry, soggy, doughy, or tough-- Large degree: Farinaceous (mealy), pasty, very tough____ Small degree: Moderately dry, soft, mushy_-__-------------------- Large degree: Dry to.the point of fibrousness, very mushy, tough, or rubbery (skin for style II). Each affected_.__ Each affected_._. Sano toe Each affected. Each affected... Each affected_ 87 the requirements of § 266.1, Description of Product, but otherwise fail to meet the requirements of “U.S. Grade B”. § 266.5 Labeling requirements for styles of frozen raw breaded fish portions. Section 260.86 (a) (b) and (c) of Part 260 states the requirements for the use of approved grade marks, inspection marks and combined grade and inspec- tion marks on processed fishery products. When an approved inspection mark is used on Style II (§ 266.2) of frozen raw breaded fish portions, that style shall be conspicuously revealed on the label as having been made from “skin-on fillets’. § 266.11 Determination of the grade. The grade is determined by examin- ing the product in the frozen and cooked states and is evaluated in accordance with the following factors: (a) Factors rated by score points. Points are deducted for variations in the quality of each factor in accordance with the schedule in table 1. The total points deducted is subtracted from 100 to ob- tain the score. The maximum score is 100; the minimum score is 0. (b) Factors not rated by score points. The factor of ‘‘flavor and odor” is evalu- ated organoleptically by smelling and tasting, after the product has been cooked in accordance with § 266.21. (1) Good flavor and odor (essential requirements for a Grade A Product) means that the cooked product has the typical flavor and odor of the indicated species of fish and of the breading and is free from rancidity, bitterness, stale- ness, and off-flavors and off-odors of any kind. (2) Reasonably good flavor and odor (minimum requirements of a Grade B Product) means that the cooked product is lacking in good flavor and odor but is free from objectionable off-flavors and off-odors of any kind. § 266.21 Definitions. (a) Selection of the sample unit: The sample unit shall consists of 10 frozen raw breaded fish portions taken at ran- dom from one or more packages as re= quired. The fish portions are spread out on a fiat pan or sheet and are examined according to table 1. Definitions of fac- tors for point deductions are as follows: (b) Examination of sample, frozen state: (1) “Condition of package” refers to the presence in the package of loose breading and/or loose frost. (2) “Ease of separation’”’ refers to the difficulty of separating the portions from each other or from the packaging mate- Trial. (3) “Broken portion” means a portion with a break or cut equal to or greater than one-half the width or length of the portion. (4) “Damaged portion” means a por- tion that has been mashed, physically or mechanically injured, misshaped or multilated to the extent that its appear- ance is materially affected. The amount of damage is measured by using a grid composed of squares ¥%4-inch x %-inch (that is, squares with an area of 14g square inch each) to measure the area of the portion affected. No deductions 88 are made for damage of less than 4, square inch. (5) “Uniformity of size” refers to the degree of uniformity in length and width of the frozen portions. Deviations are measured from the combined lengths of the two longest minus the combined lengths of the two shortest and/or the combined widths of the two widest minus the combined widths of the two narrow- est portions in the sample. Deductions are not made for overall deviations in length or width up to 14 inch. (6) “Uniformity of weight” refers to the degree of uniformity of the weights of the portions. Uniformity is measured by the combined weight of the two heavi- est portions divided by the combined weight of the two lightest portions in the sample. No deductions are made for weight ratios less than 1.2. (c) (1) Cooked state means the state of the product after being cooked in accordance with the instructions accom- panying the product. If, however, spe- cific instructions are lacking, the prod- uct being inspected is cooked as follows: (2) Transfer the product, while still frozen, into a wire mesh fry basket large enough to hold the fish portions in a single layer and cook by immersing them 3-5 minutes in liquid or hydrogenated cooking oil heated to 350 to 375° F. After cooking, allow the fish portions to drain 15 seconds and place them on a paper napkin or towel to absorb excess oil. (d) Examination of sample, cooked state. (1) “Distortion” refers to the degree of bending of the long axis of the por- tion. Distortion 1s measured as the greatest deviation from the long axis. Deductions are not made for deviations of less than 1% inch. (2) “Coating defects” refers to breaks, lumps, ridges, depressions, blisters or swells and curds in the coating of the cooked product. Breaks in the coating are objectionable bare spots through which the fish flesh is plainly visible. Lumps are objectionable outcroppings of breading on the portion surface. Ridges are projections of excess breading at, the edges of the portions. Depressions are objectionable visible voids or shallow areas that are lightly covered by bread- ing. Blisters are measured by the swell- ing or exposed area in the coating resulting from the bursting or breaking of the coating. Curd refers to crater-like holes in the breading filled with coagu- lated white or creamy albumin. In- stances of these defects are measured by a plastic grid marked off in %4-inch squares (14g square inch). Each square is counted as 1 whether it is full or fractional. Department of the Treasury COAST GUARD OCEANOGRAPHIC EFFORT EXPANDED: The U.S. Coast Guard's Oceanographic Unit was reorganized in July 1963, as part of the agency's increasing effort to expand COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW (3) “Blemishes” refers to skin (except for Style If), blood spots or bruises, ob- jectionable dark fatty flesh, or extrane- ous material. Instances of blemishes re- fers to each occurrence measured by placing a plastic grid marked off in 14- inch squares (4, square inch) over the defect area. Each square is counted as 1 whether it is full or fractional. (4) “Bones” means the presence of po- tentially harmful bones in a portion. A potentially harmful bone is one that after being cooked is capable of piercing or hurting the palate. (5) “Texture defects of the coating” refers to the absence of the normal textural properties of the coating which are crispness and tenderness. Defects in coating texture are dryness, sogginess, mushiness, doughyness, toughness, pastyness, as sensed by starchiness or other sticky properties felt by mouth tissues and/or mealiness. (6) “Texture defects of the fish flesh and texture of skin in Style I” refers to the absence of the normal textural properties of the cooked fish flesh and to the absence of tenderness of the cooked skin in Style I. Normal textural properties of cooked fish flesh are tender- ness, firmness, and moistness without excess water. Texture defects of the cooked flesh are dryness, mushiness, toughness, and rubberyness. Texture de- fects of the cooked skin in Style II are mushiness, rubberyness, toughness, and stringiness. (e) General definitions. (1) “Small” (overall assessment) refers to a condi- tion that is noticeable but is not seri- ously objectionable. (2) “Large” (overall assessment) re- fers to a condition that not only is notice- able but is seriously objectionable. (3) “Minor” (individual assessment) refers to a defect that slightly affects the appearance and/or utility of the product. Wols 2d), IN@, 12 (iv) Stop-watch or regular watch readable to a second. (v) Paper towels. (vi) Spatula, 4-inch blade with rounded tip. j (vii) Nut picker. (viii) Thermometer (immersion type) accurate to +2°F. (ix) Copper sulfate crystals (CuSOs: 5H20)—one pound. (2) Procedure. (i) Weigh all portions in the sample while they are still hard frozen. (ii) Place each portion individually in a water bath that is maintained at 63° F. to 86° F. and allow to remain until the breading becomes soft and can easily be removed from the still frozen fish flesh (between 10 to 80 seconds for portions held in storage at 0° F.). If the portions were prepared using batters that are difficult to remove after one dipping, re- dip them for up to 5 seconds after the initial debreading and remove residual batter materials. Norte: Several preliminary trials may be necessary to determine the exact dip time required for “debreading” the portions in a sample unit. For these trials only, a satu- rated solution of copper sulfate (1 pound of copper sulfate in 2 liters of tap water) is necessary. The correct dip time is the mini- mum time of immersion in the copper sulfate solution required before the breading can easily be scraped off: Provided, (1) That the “debreaded” portions are still solidly frozen and (2) only a slight trace of blue color is visible on the surface of the ‘“‘debreaded” fish portions. (iii) Remove the portion from the bath; blot lightly with double thickness paper toweling; and scrape off or pick out coating from the fish flesh with the spatula or nut picker. — (iv) Weigh all the “debreaded” fish portions. (v) Calculate the percent of fish flesh in the sample using the following for- mula: Weight of fish flesh (d) Percent fish flesh = x (100) Weight of raw breaded portions (a) (4) “Major” (individual assessment) refers to a defect that seriously affects the appearance and/or utility of the product. (f). Minimum fish flesh content refers to the minimum percent, by weight, of the average fish flesh content of 3 or more portions per sample unit as deter- mined by the following method: (1) Equipment needed. (i) Water bath (for example, a 3 to 4 liter beaker). (ii) Balance accurate to 0.1 gram. (iii) Clip tongs of wire, plastic, or glass. § 266.25 Tolerances for certification of officially drawn samples. The sample rate and grades of specific lots shall be certified in accordance with Part 260, of this chapter (Regulations Governing Processed Fishery Products, Vol. 25 F.R. 8427 September 1, 1960) except that a sample unit shall consist of 10 portions taken at random from one or more packages as required. Second Issue: These standards super- sede the standards which have been in effect since March 23, 1960. our knowledge of the seas. A new unit, com- prising 19 military and civilian oceanogra- phers and technicians was established in Washington, D.C. Before the reorganization, the Coast Guard's primary oceanographic interest was in support of the International Ice Patrol, and an office was maintained at the Woods December 1963 Hole Oceanographic Institution. While that program will be maintained, increased em- phasis will be placed in the broader fields of arctic operations, and research from off- shore towers and ocean station vessels. All oceanographic data obtained by the Coast Guard will be processed by the National Oceanographic Data Center, and published by the Coast Guard in a new series of oceano- graphic reports. (Newsletter, August 31, 1963, National Oceanographic Data Center.) BUREAU OF CUSTOMS DUTY-FREE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN LOBSTER CRATES AND CERTAIN LARGE BOXES FOR SHIPMENT AND RESHIPMENT OF FISH: A Bureau of Customs decision concerning the duty-free treatment of certain lobster crates and certain large boxes was issued on October 14, 1963. The text of the decision as it appeared in the Federal Register, Oct- ober 18, 1963, follows: Under the authority conferred by §$10.41a(a), Customs Regulations, as amended by Treasury Decision 55981 of August 27, 1963, I hereby designate as “instruments of international traffic” within the meaning of section 322(a), Tariff Act of 1930, as amended, lobster crates, being containers which because of their unique and substantial construc- tion are used in the shipment and re- shipment of live lobsters; and fish boxes which because of their large size and substantial construction are used and reused in the transportation of fish. The lobster crates and fish boxes described may be released under the procedures provided for in §10.4la. This decision will be published in the FepERAL REcIs- TER and as T.D. 56021. [SEAL] PHILIP NICHOLS, JR., Commissioner of Customs. White House FISHERY ITEMS TO BE CONSIDERED FOR TRADE 4GREEMENT NEGOTIATIONS: nounced that public hearings were due to be held, starting December 2, ona list of prod- ucts to be considered for possible reduction in import duties, or for other tariff modifi- cations, in forthcoming trade agreement ne- gotiations. A detailed announcement, includ- ing the full list of products to be considered, was published in the Federal Register of Oct- ober 22, 1963. Pri COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 89 All imported fishery products were listed for consideration. For most items, import duties may be reduced as much as 50 percent of the July 1962 rate. Duties may be reduced to zero for products with a rate of duty equiva - lent to 5 percent ad valorem, or less. Duties on fish oils may be eliminated, in an agree- ment with the European Economic Commu- ity, if the President finds that such action would help maintain or expand United States exports of like articles. Duty-free items may be ''bound'' against increase to insure continuance of present tariff treatment. The purpose of listing all items was to give every affected party an equal opportu- nity to present his case for or against tariff reductions. Articles now listed may be re- served from negotiations at the completion of hearings if information is developed justi- fying such action. The final list of articles on which the U- nited States will negotiate will not be com- pleted until the testimony presented at these hearings, along with other available infor- mation, has been reviewed and analyzed, and the President has received the views of the Special Representative for Trade Negotia- tions, the Tariff Commission, and other Gov- ernment agencies whose advice may be re- quested. Reductions in United States duties as a result of the GATT negotiations will not oc- cur until other nations have agreed to simi- lar reductions of duties for articles of in- terest to United States producers. Once such agreement is reached, the Trade Expansion Act requires that generally, reductions be made gradually over a period of four years. The Trade Information Committee, an inter-agency Committee chaired by a repre- sentative of the Office of the Special Repre- sentative for Trade Negotiations, heard tes- timony of interested parties beginning Dec- ember 2, 1963, for items on Schedule 1, An- imal and Vegetable Products. This Schedule includes most of the fishery products. The Tariff Commission also held concur- rent hearings at which testimony was re- ceived about the economic effects of possible tariff reductions on United States industries producing like or directly competitive arti- cles. The information received during these hearings will be an important part of their 90 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW investigation, the results of which willbe re- ported to the President in six months. Re- quests to appear before the Commission were due to be filed in writing on or before November 20, 1963, and addressed to the Secretary, United States Tariff Commission, Washington, D.C. 20436. Requested infor- mation follows: a. Item number of the Tariff Schedules of the United States covering articles on which testimony will be presented; b. Name, address, and telephone number of witness and organization represented; c. Whether testimony will be on behalf of importer or domestic producer; and d. A careful estimate of time required for presentation of testimony. The Trade Information Committee heard testimony relevent to any aspect of the nego- tiations, but particularly devoted attention to (1) reductions in rates of duty which the U- nited States should seek to obtain from other nations, (2) non-tariff barriers imposed by other nations which the United States should seek to have removed or modified, (3) arti- cles upon which elimination, reduction, or continuance of present United States duties should be offered, and (4) other United States import restrictions which should be offered for modification or continuance. All requests to present oral testimony, were due to be received by the Executive Secretary of the Trade Information Commit- tee not later than November 20, 1963. Re- quests, submitted in an original and three copies, were to include the following infor- mation: 1. Name, address, and telephone number of (a) party submitting the request, (b) the official position of the person submitting the request, and (c) the person presenting the oral testimony; 2. The description and item number of the commodity shown in the Tariff Schedule (to the extent practicable); 3. The subject to be dealt with in the pro- posed testimony, and in the case of import restrictions other than duties, with sufficient particularity to identify the restriction to be discussed; and WOls Bd, INO. 12 4. A brief indication of the position to be taken, and the amount of time requested for the presentation of oral testimony, and if more than 15 minutes was requested, the reasons therefore. Any interested party was invited to submit a written brief to the Committee concerning the subject matter of this hearing. Each party presenting oral testimony was request- ed to file a brief. Written briefs concerning commodities contained in Schedule 1 were due by November 25, 1963. Briefs were to be submitted in twenty (20) copies, one of which was under oath or affirmation. Suggestions for the preparation of written briefs were sent to all parties requesting to present oral testimony and furnished to other interested parties upon request to the Exec- utive Secretary. A list of the principal fishery products to be considered for duty reduction and their present rates of duty follows: fig List of Principal Fishery Products to be Considered for Duty Reductions (up to 50 percent reduction unless otherwise indicated Tariff Item No, Brief Description Present Duty 106.60 |Frogs and frog legs, fresh or frozen 107.65 |Frog meat, prepared or preserved . chilled, whether or ‘or not it whole, but not otherwise pre- pared or or preserved: 110.10 | Sea herring, smelts, andtuna...... Free Whole or processed by removal of heads, viscera, fins or any combina- tion thereof, but not otherwise proc- essed: 110,15 Cod, cusk, eels, haddock, hake, shad, sturgeon, and fresh-water Fishiiv cS uscbe hi seseees.. |0.5¢ per Ib. | 110.20 Halibut and salmon........... 0.5¢ per 1b. 1/ Mackerel: 110.25 Eresh or chilled). 52.0252... 0.5¢ per lb.1/ [110.28 FROZEN i Wavallatiar valle tse cueweuee stamens _|0.75¢ perlb.s Swordfish: 110,30 Fresh or chilled .. 1¢ per lb,1/ 110.33 0.75¢ per Ib.1/ 110.35 1¢ per lb i 110.40 | In bulk or in immediate containers weighing with their contents over 15 pounds each.......... (Other wrsWe tet eN ewes aie eee Skinned and boned, and frozen into blocks each weighing over 10 pounds, imported to be minced, ground, or cut into pieces of uniform weights 1¢ per lb, 1/ 12,5 Andi dimensionS)eowerebsveteteuclersteretotere 1 Otherwise processed (fillets): Cod, cusk, haddock, hake, pollock, and Atlantic ocean perch (rosefish): 110,50 Under quotaray.rateververevenstehetotcnete 110,55 110.57 110.60 1. Biec! per lb, 2/ 2,5 r_lb,2 16 per sii a er lb, 1/ —~_ 111.10 | Cod, wcuaks haddock, hake, and pollock 0.2¢ per 1b, 1/ 111.15 | Shark fins Dyatrawe Topepo tore Soretralkoes tint hia 0. Bee Bere 2b. at UTIEUS HM Others vswererele tay teeter ere ew eae wae 0.31 Ib. 1/ Fish, salted or pickled: Cod, cusk, haddock, hake, and pollock: 111.22 Whole; or processed by removal of heads, fins, viscera, scales, ver- tebral columns, or any combina-~ tion thereof ...... Sareea eres 0,2¢ per 1b. 1/ (List continued on next page) December 1963 List of Principal Fishery Products to be Considered for Duty Reductions (up to 50 percent reduction unless otherwise indicated) (Contd.) | Tariff Item No, Brief Description Present Duty 111.28 Otherwise processed .........+ 0.75¢ per Ib.1/ Herring: 111,32 In bulk or in immediate containers weighing with their contents over pounds each............- 111.40 In bulk or in immediate containers weighing with their contents over 15 pounds each............- 111.44 Other ..............-. 111.48 | Salmon... .. sees eee eee e eee Other: In bulk or in immediate containers weighing with their contents over 15 pounds each: 111.52 INGONES og Bodo dtlob'G66 000 0.5¢ per lb. 111.56 Other 2... we ele ee ee et eee 1.25¢ per lb. 1/ In immediate containers weighing with their contents not over 15 poundsleachWoretsterelevateveveletet ev aite Fish, smoked or kippered: Cod, cusk, haddock, hake, and pollock: Whole; or processed by removal of heads, viscera, vertebral col-- umns, or any combination thereof [Til.68 | Otherwise processed ......... erring: 111.64 0.5¢ per Ib, 1/ 1¢ per Ib. 1/_ Whole or beheaded: 111.72 Hardismokedse ne ceichens scelieleferele 0.1¢ per lb. 1/ 111.76 Othe rea eawees pees 0,625¢ per 1b. 1/ herwise processed .........- ish, prepared or preserved in any manner, not noi in airtight con- talners: “Anchovies: In containers weighing with their contents not over 15 pounds each, Other Herring: In containers weighing with their contents not over 15 pounds each: In tomato sauce, smoked, or kippered, and in immediate containers weighing with their contents over 1 pound each Jo Othe newrWavewsltawewsuew eeu aedemelrs 5% 1/ (112.10 | (ii2.12 | Other seeererereresss [lepertb, 4 aes Pollock 12.5% Salmon. 15% Sardines: In containers weighing with their contents not over 15 pounds each: In immediate containers weigh- ing with their contents under 8 ounces each sen 10% Other Renee AAO 6.25% [112.24 | (CHKS Sipe ieee ches I¢ per Ib. Tuna: =] In containers weighing with their contents not over 15 pounds each: Wnderthelquotame.-c.cnepenonens 12.5% Over quota Iz CANS aaa main Bio enn a: nin Aleut 12,5% Fish, prepared or preserved in any manner, in oil, in airtight contain- ers: Anchovies»... eee eee eee eee | 12% Bonito and yellowtail........... 15% FIONN gE iMaWetl Weve we iloversteUren ted men enewe 25,5) Pollock: Smoked yey y-ctelelelerelchelishelsleuel stake 15% Not smoked ...... conan 25.5% Salmonieveeeiebesaseeneae eWattatalaule 25.5% Sardines: 7 | Valued not over 18 cents per \ pound (including weight of immediate container) ....... 30% Valued over 18 but not over 23 cents per pound (including weight of immediate contain- er): Neither skinned nor boned: Smokedeyarevenciepeteersicyens 12.5% Not smoked : 20% COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 91 Brief Description Skinned or boned......... List of Principal Fishery Products to be Considered for Duty Reductions (up to 50 percent reduction unless __otherwise indicated) (Contd.) Valued over 23 but not over 30 cents per pound (including weight of immediate contain- er): Neither skinned or boned ... Skinned or boned........ Value over 30 cents per pound (including weight of immediate container): Neither skinned nor boned: Smoked 5 Scio ee oe eo Not smoked ,,,,. Skinned or boned, 112.86 112.9 112,94 Tuna Othe RN Wea stel usueW erst Mewebeued Weuge eeu owe Fish balls, cakes, puddings, pastes, and sauces (including any of such articles in airtight containers): Pastes and sauces 113.01 | 113,05 Not in oil: In immediate containers weigh- ing with their contents not over 15 pounds each: In airtight containers (OMG wrn ean anan Aon QLHS Le RetetetieenetisNeleeWeneteustele Fish sticks and similar products of any size or shape, fillets, or other portions of fish, if breaded, coated with batter, or similarly prepared, Neither cooked nor in oil... . QUEL ateiensveWaWel hedaW relat gu steuety 113,20 113.25 re= pared, or preserved: Sturgeon roe ..... Other fish roe: Boiled and in airtight contain- OTB ie oleae! wie talisus o suecsiele Other Rikiv-seleietels Fish, prepared or preserved cially provided for: Ando Mims al Wear evelew ek owed se alveWouel 113.30 113.35 113.40 » not spe~ 113.50 Not in oil: In bulk or in immediate con- tainers weighing with their contents over 15 pounds each: PRUNAMWetahchesens wells frozen, pre- pared, or preserved (including astes and sauces): Clams: In airtight containers: In airtight containers: Smoked) oo.00 (eie/s ov cvoraile ells vele!) 114,01 Razor clams (Siliqua patula) . . 7.5% 114,05 Other sic. Weel ees cee 20% 114.10 Other... eee ee tee ees Free Crabs: Crabmeat: 114,15 Fresh, chilled, or frozen .... 15% Prepared or preserved (in- cluding pastes and sauces): 114,20 In airtight containers.,.. 22.5% 114,25 Other . arr 15% 114.30 Other, ....+..e++2es+-2e% Free Oysters: 4.5¢ per lb, (Including wt. of immed. Shellfish juices in airtight containers: Clam juices ...... Oyster juice... 114.36 Other Met eraicnencretenenencnstenens 6¢ per lb, (in- cluding wt. of immed, con- 114.40 (OU GRe a pin AINA pen nin RAL Aas 114.45 OtherjshellfishWeieremhenensienenetens 17.5% 6¢ per lb, (in- cluding wt. of immediate con- ; tainer) (List continued on next page) 92 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW List of Principal Fishery Products to be Considered for Duty Reductions (up to 50 percent reduction unless otherwise indicated) (Contd.) Present Duty Brief Description Marine-animal oils: Fish-liver oils: 177.02 Oloccacoccodpbavoeocood Free 177.04 OG ainvading a's daidoicndiss 5% ad val.1/3/ | Fish oils other than liver oils: 177,12 ANCHOVY iene = leneloheb=ienetete d eiteie) 1.5¢ per Ib, 3/ plus 10% ad val. 177,14 Chel osoonococudAnu Sono wae Free 177.16 Shark 2.0..... obodoacvesens 0.85¢ per lb. 3/ plus 4% ad val. 177.20 Eulachon......... 1.5¢ per lb,3/ ~- 177,22 REA Gootoancooe 0.92¢ per 1b. 3/ 177.24 Menhaden ........ 3-1/3¢ per lb. 3/ 177.26 Other (except cod) 1.5¢ per lb, 3/ plus 10% ad val, Other marine~animal oils: 177.30 Ri Wo ba ona hala aan aan 1.9¢ per Ib, 3/ Sperm: 177,32 ONCE coopoondouog0s BO000 0.065¢ per 1b. 1/3/ 177.34 Other than crude ....... wees 0.47¢ per lb, 1/37 177.36 177.40 1.26¢ per lb.3/_ 1.5¢ per lb, 37 plus 10% ad val, 1.9¢ per Ib. 3, Whale (except sperm) ...... OMG es6adchbsdo0ddqcb0 06 Sirloin Rin jetetatls Hydrogenated or hardened oils, fats, and greases; and lard substitutes whether or not containing lard ..... Edible preparations: Antipasto vee reiee ee .WelaarlauleWntaotallas Balls, hash, pastes, puddings, and similar forms, all the foregoing of vegetables and meat, or fish (includ- ing shellfish), or both: Other than corned beef hash .... Soups, soup rolls, soup tablets or cubes, and other soup preparations: Containing oysters or oyster juice 178.10 5¢ per lb. 3/ 109 182.05 182.11 17%3/ 182.50 6¢ per lb. (in- cluding wt. of im- mediate container) 182.52 14% ad val.3/ Animal feeds: Tankage; dead fish and whales; fish and whole scrap, meal and solubles; homogenized condensed fish and whales; all the foregoing not fit for human consumption; Cod-liver solubles. ........ eo. 184.54 | 184.55 onges, marine: 190.85 Grass, velvet, or yellow....... . 7.5% ad val, 190.87 Sheepswoolumerarctelaisaekeiealeliss=ievele 12% ad val, 190.90 Hardheadiiorpreefaremecretsicleienviolcne 4% ad val.1/ 190.93 Other ... 7.5% ad val, 455.02 |Agar agar... 15% ad val, 17% ad val, Valued under 40 cents per pound ,. 0.5¢ per lb. plus 7.5% ad val. 4¢ per lb. plus 12.5% ad val, 455,38 Valued 40 cents or more per pound Sodium salts: Sodium aiginate wesc ete e eee [Natural or cultured pearls and parts not strung (except temporarily) and not set: Natural ..... Culturedivatawatetetetstotatete 1/Duty on this item may be reduced to zero. 2/May be reserved from negotiations provided that a request in behalf of the industry con- cemed is filed with the Tariff Commission within 60 days from October 21, and the Commission finds and advises the President that economic conditions in the industry have not substantially improved since the finding of injury was made by the Commission in their report 7-47, October 12, 1956. 3/Duty on this item may be reduced to zero, in agreement with the European Economic Community, if the President finds that such action would help maintain or expand United States exports of like articles, Note: All import duties shown under the column "Present Duty" are the same as those "exist- ing July 1, 1962," except for item 426,88, sodium alginate, which was 12.5% ad valorem on that date. Source: Prepared by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries based on excerpts from Tariff Schedules of the United States. 3% ad val.1/ Vole ZORNOmL2, Eighty-Eighth Congress (First Session) Public bills and resolutions which may di- rectly or indirectly affect the fisheries and allied industries are reported upon. Introduc- tion, referral to committees, pertinent legis - lative actions by the House and Senate, as well as signature into law or other final dis- position are covered. ANTIDUMPING ACT AMENDMENT: H.R. 8886 (Rogers), Oct. 22, 1963, and H. R. 9069 (Brotzman), Nov. 7, 1963, both introduced in House, to amend sec- tion 201 of the Antidumping Act, 1921, with respect to the determination of injury or threatened injury to an industry in the United States; referred to the Commit- tee on Ways and Means, CONSERVATION OF MARINE FISHERIES RE- SOURCES: Fishing in United States Territorial Wa- ters (Hearings before the Merchant Marine and Fish- eries Subcommittee of the Committee on Commerce, U.S. Senate, 88th Congress, 1st Session) 139 pp., illus., printed. Contains the hearings held Sept. 5 and 6, 1963, on S. 1988, to prohibit fishing in the territorial waters of the United States and in certain other areas by per- sons other than nationals or inhabitants of the United States; reports of various Federal agencies; state- ments by Members of Congress, Government officials, various fishing associations, and members of the in- dustry; and statements and letters submitted to the Committee. On Oct. 24, 1963, Senator Bartlett presented to the Senate a resolution of the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission approving the bill S. 1988 (Congressional Record, page 19159). Ta EXEMPT TRANSPORTATION OF AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY PRODUCTS: The Surface Transporta- tion Subcommittee of the Senate Committee on Com- merce on Oct. 24, 1963, concluded its hearings on S. 1061, to exempt certain carriers from minimum rate regulation in the transportation of bulk commodi- ties, agricultural and fishery products and passengers, and for other purposes. FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND RO- DENTICIDE ACT: Registration of Economic Poisons (Hearings before the Subcommittee on Departmental Oversight and Consumer Relations of the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, 88th Con- December 1963 gress, lstSession), 72 pp., printed. Contains hearings held Aug. 21 and 22, 1963, on H.R. 6828, H.R. 6913, and H. R. 7336, to amend the Federal Insecticide, Fun- gicide, and Rodenticide Act, as amended, to provide for labeling of economic poisons with registration num- bers, to eliminate registration under protest, and for other purposes; report from the Department of Agri- culture; and statements from Members of Congress and officials of Federal agencies. On Nov. 14, 1963, the Subcommittee ordered H.R. 6828 (amended) favorably reported to the full Commit- tee. The Senate on Oct. 21, 1963, received the report (S. Rept. 573) on S. 1605, to amend the Federal Insec- ticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, as amended, to provide for labeling of economic poisons with registra- tion numbers to eliminate registration under protest, and for other purposes. S. Rept. 573, Registration of Pesticide Chemicals (Oct. 21, 1963, report of the Committee on Agriculture, U.S. Senate, 88th Congress, 1st Session), 29 pp., printed. The Committee recommended passage with amendment of S. 1605. Contains a short explanation of the bill, need for legislation, departmental reports and changes in existing law. The Senate on Oct. 22, 1963, passed with Committee amendment S. 1605. Senator Neuberger spoke from the floor of the Senate on Nov. 14, 1963, recommending proposed legislation to regulate chemical pesticides (Congressional Record, page 20748.) FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1961 AMENDMENT CONCERNING FISHERIES: The Senate on Nov. 7, 1963, adopted by a vote of 57 to 29 an amendment to H. R. 7885, to amend further-the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, and for other purposes. The amend- ment introduced by Kuchel and Engle of California is as follows: '' "k) No assistance shall be furnished under this Act to any country which (1) has extended, or here- after extends, its jurisdiction for fishing purposes over any area of the high seas beyond that recognized by the United States, and (2) hereafter imposes any penalty or sanction against any United States fishing vessel on account of its fishing activities in such area. The pro- visions of this subsection shall not be applicable in any case in which the extension of jurisdiction is made pur- suant to international agreement to which the United States is a party.''' Senator Kuchel had inserted in the Congressional Record (pages 20253-20254) several ed- itorials from newspapers located in California. The Senate on Nov. 13, 1963, continued consideration of H.R. 7885. During this consideration, the Senate ap- proved the amendment which would make domestically- produced fishery products available under Titles I and IV of Public Law 480. However, at the insistence of Senator Carlson, language was adopted which would e- liminate fish flour from such program until approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Senator Douglas on Nov. 14, 1963, moved to reconsider the vote elim- inating fish flour, but his motion was tabled on the mo- tion of Senator Carlson. The Senate on Nov. 15, 1963, by a record vote of 63 to 17, passed with amendment H. R. 7885 authorizing COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 93 funds to continue for the foreign assistance program for fiscal year 1964. The Senate insisted on its amend- ment, asked for a conference with the House, and ap- pointed as conferees Senators Fulbright, Sparkman, Humphrey, Hickenlooper, and Aiken. The House on Nov. 18, 1963, disagreed to Senate a- mendments to H. R. 7885, agreed to the conference re- quested by the Senate, and appointed as conferees Con- gressmen Morgan, Zablocki, Hays, Adair, and Freling- huysen. HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE DEPART- MENT APPROPRIATIONS FY 1964: H. Rept. 774, De- Conference, House of Representetives, 88th Congress, lst Session), 12 pp., printed. The Committee of Con- ference came to agreement and presented their recom- mendations to the respective Houses on H. R. 5888, making appropriations for the Departments of Labor, and Health, Education, and Welfare, and related agen- cies, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1964, and for other purposes. Included are funds for the Food and Drug Administration; milk, food, interstate and com> munity sanitation; and water pollution control. The milk, food, interstate and community sanitation pro- grams assure that only safe water, milk, shellfish and other marine food, and food supplies are served to the public; also provides for research and technological assistance programs on shellfish and other marine foods at the two new shellfish sanitation research cen- ters which are to be constructed. The water pollution program provides for regional laboratories located in strategic points throughout the country to promote re- search and training activities and provide a base of action of State, interstate, and Federal agencies co- operating to eliminate water pollution. The House and the Senate on Sept. 26, 1963, agreed to the Conference Report. The President on Oct. 11, 1963, signed the bill H. R. 5888 into Public Law 88- 136. INTERNATIONAL NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES PROBLEMS: Senator Gruening on Oct. 24, 1963, pre- sented to the Senate a resolution from the Cordova, Alaska, Chamber of Commerce, urging the represen- tatives of the United States, Canada, and Japan to re- new the abstention principle at their meeting in Tokyo on Sept. 16, 1963. Senator Gruening also commented, in part, ''Now that the Senate has given its approval to S. 1988 which would make possible the enforcement of our 3-mile fishing limit it is imperative that we take the second important step in this area which would be to extend the fisheries limit to 12 miles if and when a Governor of a State makes such a request. My bill, S. 1816, would make this possible... ."' (Congres- Sional Record, pages 19165-19166.) Senator Gruening on Nov. 5, 1963, presented a state- ment to the Senate concerning the . .invasion of Alaska's crab-fishing grounds by Russian fishing ves- sels and the pulling up and destruction of American fishermen's crab traps.'' In discussing the problem, he stated, in part, ''Two remedies, of course, are im- mediately available: The first would be to extend the fishing limits for all fisheries to 12 miles, and the second--and even more pertinent--would be to extend the limits for taking of crustacea and shellfish to the 94 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Continental Shelf, which would be a wholly proper pro- cedure since crab and shellfish exist on the bottom of sea... .'' He also inserted three recent articles from the New York Times. (Congressional Record, pages 20005-20006.) Senator Bartlett on Nov. 12, 1963, presented astate- ment to the Senate calling attention to the threat by Soviet fishermen to the king crab fishery off Kodiak Island in Alaska. (Congressional Record, pages 20477- 20479.) ; OCEANOGRAPHY WORLD CONFERENCE: H.J. Res. 794 (Wilson) introduced in House Nov. 4, 1963, authorizing the Secretary of State to convene in the U- nited States in 1965 a World Conference on Oceano- graphy; referred to Committee on Foreign Affairs. In his statement on introduction of his resolution, Repre- sentative Wilson state@that ''It would enable us to bring together the top scientists of the world to ex- change information, to map joint projects, and in gen- eral to bring the world up to date on the progress man has made in exploring the sea and extracting from it some of the riches it contains." RESEARCH PROGRAMS: On Nov. 18-19, 1963, the House Select Committee on Government Research opened and held hearings on current Government re- search programs. Testimony was received from var- ious public witnesses and Federal officials including the Science Adviser to the Secretary of the Interior. SMALL BUSINESS DISASTER LOANS: H.R. 9111 (Staebler) introduced in the House Nov. 13, 1963, to amend the Small Business Act to authorize loans to small business concerns injured by their inability to process and market certain products because of disease or toxicity in such products; referred to the Committee on Banking and Currency. TRADE AGREEMENTS PROGRAM: A message from the President (H. Doc. 170), Seventh Annual Report on The Trade Agreements Program, was received in the House and the Senate on Oct. 21, 1963. The message transmits the seventh Annual Report of the President of the United States on the trade agreements program. Contains the letter of transmittal; United States and LA Vol. 25, No. 12 world trade in perspective; GATT and the implementa- tion of United States policy; the removal of foreign re- strictions against United States exports; tariff negotia- tions; safeguarding actions taken in 1962; looking a- head--the Trade Expansion Act, and Appendix A. TRANSPORTATION ACT OF 1963: The Surface Transportation Subcommittee of the Senate Committee on Commerce on Oct. 24, 1963, concluded its hearings on S. 1062, to provide for strengthening and improving the national transportation system and for other pur- poses. VESSEL CONSTRUCTION SUBSIDY AMENDMENTS: Fishing Vessel Subsidies (Hearings before the Subcom- mittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation of the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, House of Representatives, 88th Congress, lst Session) 97 pp., printed. Contains hearings held on Aug. 6 and 7, 1963, on H.R. 2172 and H.R. 2643, to amend the Act of June 12, 1960, for the correction of inequities in the con- struction of fishing vessels, and for other purposes; re- ports of Federal agencies; statements by members of Congress, officials of various Federal agencies, and industry members; and additional communications sub- mitted to the Committee. The Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conser- vation of the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries on Nov. 13, 1963, held hearings on S. 1006, to amend the Act of June 12, 1960, for the correction of inequities in the construction of fishing vessels, and for other purposes. Testimony was heard from various departmental witnesses. The hearing was adjourned subject to call. WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION: H. R. 9127 (St. Onge) introduced in the House Nov. 14, 1563, to amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended, to establish the Federal Water Pollu- tion Control Administration, to provide grants for re- search and development, to increase grants for con- struction of municipal sewage treatment works, to au- thorize the issuance of regulations to aid in preventing, controlling, and abating pollution of interstate waters, and for other purposes; referred to the Committee on Public Works. SS CORRECTION Inthe flow diagram for individually frozen peeledand de- veinedshrimp, fig. 2, p.2, November 1963, the arrows should be pointed downward from top to bottom. Separate No. 692, the reprint of the article, shows the corrected figure. December 1963 Li, GX eee ey TP ne a a Bs 2H." a* -! us 2 psoaaane per a eA FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE PUBLICATIONS THESE PROCESSED PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE FREE FROM THE OFFICE OF INFORMATION, U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, WASHING- TON, D. C. 20240, TYPES OF PUBLICATIONS ARE DESIGNATED AS FOL- LOWSs CFS - CURRENT FISHERY ,SFATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES. MNL - REPRINTS OF REPORTS ON FOREIGN FISHERIES. SEP.- SEPARATES (REPRINTS) FROM COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW. SL - STATISTICAL LISTS OF DEALERS IN AND PRODUCERS OF FISH- ERY PRODUCTS AND BYPRODUCTS. Number Title CFS-3202 - Maryland Landings, July 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3242 - Georgia Landings, May 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3244 - Maryland Landings, 1962 Annual Summary, 9 pp. CFS-3245 - Virginia Landings, May 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3256 - Massachusetts Landings, January 1963, 5 pp. CFS-3260 - Frozen Fishery Products, July 1963, 8 pp. CFS-3263 - Shrimp Landings, March 1963, 7 pp. CFS-3264 - Shrimp Landings, April 1963, 7 pp. CFS-3274 - Maryland Landings, June 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3280 - Frozen Fishery Products, August 1963, 8 pp. CFS-3281 - Gulf Coast Shrimp Data, January 1963, 15 pp. CFS-3284 - Gulf Coast Shrimp Data, February 1963, 15 pp. CFS-3285 - Gulf Coast Shrimp Data, March 1963, 18 pp. CFS-3286 - Oregon Landings, 1962 Annual Summary, 2 pp. CFS-3287 - Georgia Landings, July 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3289 - North Carolina Landings, July 1963, 4 pp. CFS-3290 - South Carolina Landings, July 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3291 - Middle Atlantic Fisheries, 1962 Annual Summary, 4 pp. ° CFS-3292 - California Landings, June 1963, 4 pp. CFS-3293 - Rhode Island Landings, June 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3294 - Hawaii Fisheries, 1962 Annual Summary, 4 pp. CFS-3295 - Alabama Landings, June 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3299 - Gulf Coast Shrimp Data, April 1963, 21 pp. CFS-3300 - Alabama Landings, July 1963, 3 pp. CFS-3301 - New York Landings, July 1963, 4 pp. CFS-3306 - Shrimp Landings, May 1963, 7 pp. CFS-3313 - Louisiana Landings, July 1963, 2 pp. CFS-3316 - South Atlantic Fisheries, 1962 Annual Summary, 6 pp. CFS-3318 - Florida Landings, August 1963, 8 pp. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 95 @ FISHERY PUBLICATIO Wholesale Dealers in Fishery Products, 1962 (Revised): SL-12 - Virginia, 11 pp. SL-16 - Florida, 15 pp. Sep. No. 692 - Handling and Packing of Frozen Breaded Shrimp and Individually Frozen Peeled and Deveined Shrimp. Sep. No. 693 - Five Years of Voluntary Fishery Prod- ucts Inspection. Sep. No. 694 - Foreign Fisheries Briefs. New England's Commercial Fisheries, Conservation Note 13, 8 pp., illus., December 1962. Discusses briefly the history of the New England fisheries, and the fisheries for bottomfish--haddock, ocean perch, flounders, cod, whiting, pollock, scup, white hake, cusk, and butterfish; pelagic fish--sea herring, men- haden, tuna, mackerel, and sharks; anadromous fish--alewives, shad, and salmon; and shellfish-- lobster, sea scallop, bay scallop, clams, crabs, oysters, and mussels. The final section covers the industrial fishery; its expansion in the late 1940's and early 1950's, the nutritional value of industrial fish byproducts, and the development of fish protein concentrate for human consumption. A Program of Fishery Research and Services, North Atlantic Region, Circular 164, 23 pp., illus., printed, May 1963. Outlines the North Atlantic Region's share in the responsibility assigned to the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries by the Congress, ''To aid in maintaining the welfare of the fisheries of the United States and its territories by conducting re- search, investigations, and studies and by providing marketing, informational, and other services for the commercial fishing industry and the general public." Discusses the regional structure--biological re- search, exploratory fishing and gear research, tech- nological research, technical advisory unit, market- ing, statistical services, market news, financial assistance, safety at sea, and resource management. Also covers the status of the fisheries and research programs for trawl fish, menhaden, herring, oysters, sea scallops, clams, and blue crabs. Presents in- formation on service programs of the technical ad- visory unit, statistical work, market news, market promotion and test kitchen research, direct financial assistance, resource management, safety at sea, and discusses the fishing industry of tomorrow. 96 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW THE FOLLOWING MARKET NEWS LEAFLETS ARE AVAILABLE FROM THE FISHERY MARKET NEWS SERVICE, U. S. BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHER- IES, WYATT BLOG., SUITE 611, 777 14TH ST. NW., WASHINGTON, D. C, 20005. Number Title MNL-17 - Italian Fishing Industry, 1962, 11 pp. MNL-26 - Taiwan Fisheries in 1962, 21 pp. : MNL-75 - Argentina's Fishing Industry, 1962, 13 pp. MNL-84 - Faroe Islands Fisheries, 1962, and 1963 Trends, 32 pp. THE FOLLOWING ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE ARTICLES ARE AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE PUBLICATION SERVICES, U. S. BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY, P. O. BOX 3830, HONOLULU, HAWAII, 96812. On the Requirements for a Research Submarine, by O. A. Sokolov, 9 pp., processed. (Translated from the Russian, Methods and Results in Underwater Research, vol. 14, 1962, pp. 116-122.) Studies on Biting of Fishes. I--On Feeding in the Gold- fish, by Teiji Kariya, 11 pp., illus., processed. (Translated from the Japanese, Suisan Zoshoku, vol. 7, no. 3, March 1960, pp. 29-36. Hideyuki Hotta, Teiji Kariya, and Toru Ogawa, 32 pp., illus., processed. (Translated from the Japa- nese, Bulletin of the Tohoku Regional Fisheries Re- search Laboratory, no. 13, March 1959, pp. 60-78.) A LIMITED NUMBER OF COPIES OF THE FOLLOWING ENGLISH TRANSLA- TIONS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE ARTICLES IS AVAILABLE FROM THE TRANSLA - TION PROGRAM, BRANCH OF REPORTS, U. S. BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISH- ERIES, 2725 MONTLAKE BLVD. E., SEATTLE, WASH., 98102. The Application of Biometrics in Taxonomy, by A.A. Liubishchev, OTS 60-51147, I1 pp., printed. On the Dynamics of Coastal Currents, by V.G. Labeish, OTS 60-51146, 7 pp., printed. of the Insecticide 61-11488, 6 pp., Experimental Data on the Toxicolo Heptachlor, by V.I. Osetrov, printed. Pacific Salmon--Selected Articles from Soviet Peri- odicals, OTS 60-51139, 284 pp., printed. The Pattern of Climatic Fluctuation Structure in the Arctic during the Last Decades, by V. L. Petrov, OTS 60- 4, 9 pp., printed. Stations for Improving Natural Propagation of Far East Salmon, by G. V. Nikolskii, OTS 6-21098, 9pp., printed. THE FOLLOWING PUBLICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE SPECIFIC OFFICE MENTIONED. (Baltimore) Monthly Summary--Fisher Products, April and June 1963, 8 pp. each. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 103 S. Gay St., Baltimore, Md. 21202.) Receipts of fresh- and salt-water fish and shellfish at Baltimore by species and by states and provinces; total receipts by spe- cies and comparisons with previous periods; and wholesale prices for fresh fishery products on the Baltimore market; for the months indicated. Vol. 25, No. 12 California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, Part I - Fishery Products Production and Market Data, August 1963, 17 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Post Office Bldg., San Pedro, Calif.) California cannery receipts of tuna and tunalike fish and other species used for can- ning; pack of canned tuna, tunalike fish, mackerel, and anchovies; market fish receipts at San Pedro, Santa Monica, and Eureka areas; California and Ari- zona imports; canned fish and frozen shrimp prices; ex-vessel prices for cannery fish; for the month in- dicated. : California Fishery Market News Monthly Summary, Part II - Fishing Information, Sener 1963, 8pp., jllus. (U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Bio- logical Laboratory, P.O. Box 6121, Pt. Loma Station, San Diego 6, Calif.) Contains sea-surface tempera- tures, fishing and research information of interest to the West Coast tuna-fishing industry and marine scientists; for the month indicated. (Chicago) Monthly Summary of Chicago's Wholesale Market Fresh and Frozen Fishery Products Re- ceipts, Prices, and Trends, September 1963, 13 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice, U.S. Customs House, 610 S. Canal St., Rm. 1014, Chicago, Ill. 60607.) Receipts at Chicago by species and by states and provinces for fresh- and salt-wa- ter fish and shellfish; and weekly wholesale prices for fresh and frozen fishery products; for the month indicated. Gulf of Mexico Monthly Landings, Production and Ship- ments of Fishery Products, meiat 1963, 8 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice, Rm. 609, 600 South St., New Orleans, La. 70130.) Gulf States shrimp, oyster, finfish, and blue crab landings; crab meat production; LCL express ship- ments from New Orleans; wholesale prices of fish and shellfish on the New Orleans French Market; fishery imports at Port Isabel and Brownsville, Texas, from Mexico; Gulf menhaden landings and production of meal, solubles, and oil; and sponge sales; for the month indicated. Monthly Summary of Fishery Products Production in Selected Areas of Virginia, North Carolina, and Maryland, September ToG3, Zpp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 18 S. King St., Hampton, Va. 23369.) Landings of food fish and shellfish and production of crab meat and shucked oysters for the Virginia areas of Hampton Roads, Chincoteague, Lower Northern Neck, and Lower Eastern Shore; the Maryland areas of Crisfield, Cambridge, and Ocean City; and the North Carolina areas of Atlantic, Beaufort, and Morehead City; to- gether with cumulative and comparative data on fishery products and shrimp production; for the month indicated. New England Fisheries--Monthly Se August and September , 21 pp. each. arket News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 10 Common- wealth Pier, Boston, Mass. 02210.) Review of the principal New England fishery ports. Presents data on fishery landings by ports and species; industrial- fish landings and ex-vessel prices; imports; cold- storage stocks of fishery products in New England warehouses; fishery ldndings and ex-vessel prices for ports in Massachusetts (Boston, Gloucester, New December 1963 Bedford, Provincetown, and Woods Hole), Maine (Portland and Rockland), Rhode Island (Point Judith), and Connecticut (Stonington); frozen fishery products prices to primary wholesalers at Boston, Glouces- ter, and New Bedford; and Boston Fish Pier and At- lantic Avenue fishery landings and ex-vessel prices by species; for the months indicated. New York City's Wholesale Fishery Trade--Monthly Summary--July and August 1963, 16 and 18 pp., re- spectively. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 155 John St., New York, N. Y. 10038.) Includes summaries and analyses of re- ceipts and prices on wholesale Fulton Fish Market, including both the salt- and fresh-water sections; imports entered at New York customs district; pri- mary wholesalers' selling prices for fresh, frozen, and selected canned fishery products; marketing trends; fish meal, oil, and solubles; and landings at Fulton Fish Market docks; for the months indicated. Production of Fishery Products in Selected Areas of Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina, 1962, by William N. Kelly, 40 pp., processed. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 18 S. King St., Hampton, Va. 23369.) A summary of commer- cial landings of fish and shellfish and the production of crab meat and shucked oysters as reported by producers and wholesalers from selected principal fishing localities of Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina. The statistics contained in this annual summary represent the approximate commercial fisheries production only and do not represent com- plete commercial landings or production for a given area, individual state, or the Chesapeake Bay area as a whole. However, the statistics give an indica- tion as to the trend in fisheries production for the specific areas designated and reflect the over-all production trend by species, localities, and states. (Seattle) Washington and Alaska Receipts and Landings of Fishery Products for Selected Areas and Fish- eries, Monthly Summary, September 1963, 9 pp. (Market News Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice, 706 Federal Office Bldg., 909 First Ave., Seattle, Wash. 98104.) Includes Seattle's landings by the halibut and salmon fleets reported through the exchanges; landings of halibut reported by the International Pacific Halibut Commission; landings of otter-trawl vessels as reported by the Fisher- men's Marketing Association of Washington; local landings by independent vessels; coastwise ship- ments from Alaska by scheduled and non-scheduled shipping lines and airways; imports from British Columbia via rail, motor truck, shipping lines, and ex-vessel landings; and imports from other coun- tries through Washington customs district; for the month indicated. THE FOLLOWING SERVICE PUBLICATIONS ARE FOR SALE AND ARE AVAILABLE ONLY FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, U. S. GOV- ERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON, D. C. 20402. "Anesthetizing and Air-Transporting Young White Sturgeons, by Duane T. Rodman, article, The Pro- ressive Fish-Culturist, vol. 25, no. 2, April 1963, pp. -78, illus., processed, single copy 25 cents. "Artificial Hybridization of the Muskellunge and Grass Pickerel in Ohio," by Donald L. Tennant and George Billy, article, The Progressive Fish-Culturist, vol. 25, no. 2, April 1963, pp. 68-70, illus., processed, single copy 25 cents. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 97 "Bibliography on Biology of Cod, Gadus morhua, and Re- lated Species,"' by John P. Wise, Fishery Bulletin 215 (from Fishery Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service, vol. 62), 60 pp., printed, 40 cents, 1963. "A Cost Analysis of Farm Ponds in Tomkins County, New York,'' by Henry A. Regier, article, The Pro- ressive Fish-Culturist, vol. 25, no. 3, July 1963, pp. 144-148, processed, single copy 25 cents. "Folic Acid as an Anti-Anemia Factor for Brook Trout," by Arthur M. Phillips, Jr., article, The Progressive Fish-Culturist, vol. 25, no. 3, July 1963, pp. 132-134, processed, single copy 25 cents. "Kidney Disease of Salmonid Fishes and the Analysis of Hatchery Waters,'' by James W. Warren, article, The Progressive Fish-Culturist, vol. 25, no. 3, July 1963, pp. 121-131, processed, single copy 25 cents. "A Portable A.C.-D.C. Back-Pack Fish Shocker De- signed for Operation in Ontario Streams," by H.R. McCrimmon and A.H. Berst, article, The Progres- sive Fish-Culturist, vol. 25, no. 3, July 1963, pp. 159-162, illus., processed, single copy 25 cents. "Salmon and Steelhead Runs at Eagle Creek National Fish Hatchery," by John Parvin and Marvin A. Smith, article, The Progressive Fish-Culturist, vol. 25, no. 2, April 1963, pp. 97-100, processed, single copy 25 cents. "Trout Culture in Denmark," by F. Bregnballe, article, The Progressive Fish-Culturist, vol. 25, no. 3, July 1963, pp. 115-120, illus., processed, single copy 25 cents. MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS ISSUING THEM, SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO THE RESPECTIVE ORGANIZATIONS OR PUBLISHER MENTIONED. DATA ON PRICES, IF READILY AVAILABLE, ARE SHOWN. ee eee °ANY LISTED PUBLICATION PRECEDED BY AN ASTERISK IS AVAILABLE ON LOAN FROM THE NATIONAL LENDINGS LIBRARY FOR SCIENCE AND TECH- NOLOGY, D. S. |. R., BOSTON SPA, YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND. ABALONE: "Diet and Growth in the Black Abalone, Haliotis cra- cherodii,'' by David Leighton and Richard A. Boo- lootian, article, Ecology, vol. 44, no. 2, Spring 1963, pp. 227-238, illus., printed, single copy $5. Circu- lation Office, Duke University Press, Box 6697, Col- lege Station, Durham, N.C. ALGAE: Production Bases for the Development of Unicellular Algae, by N. P. Arutyunyan, OTS 63-21044, 14 pp., processed, 50 cents. (Translated from the Russian, Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Armyanskoy SSSR, Biologi- cheskiye Nauki, vol. 15, no. iL November 1962, pp. 55-933 Office of Technical Services, U.S. Depart- ment of Commerce, Bldg. T-30, Ohio Dr. and Inde- pendence Ave. SW., Washington 25, D.C., February 1, 1963. 98 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 12 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ORGANIZATION ISSUING THEM. ANATOMY: "The Caudal Neurosecretory System of Fishes," by Howard A. Bern and Noboru Takasugi, article, Gen- eral and Comparative Endocrinology, vol. 2, 1962, pp. 96-110, printed. Academic Press Inc., 111 Fifth Ave., New York 3, N. Y. Investigation of the Possible Utility of Meristic Char- acters of Fishes as Indicators of Coastal Circula- Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bldg. T-30, Ohio Dr. and Independence Ave. SW., Washington 25, D.C.) Meristic charac- ters of fish (numbers of vertebrae, fin spines, and ' fin rays) give a good account of the thermal history during early development. Preliminary studies in- dicate that by intensive sampling of populations of juveniles of certain species as they arrive from their larval tour in the plankton, a good assessment could be made of the direction this larval tour took. ANTIBIOTICS: "Antibiotic Dips for Preserving Fillets,'' article, Canadian Fisherman, vol. 50, no. 8, August 1963, pp. 22-23, printed, single copy C$2. National Busi- ness Publications Ltd., Gardenvale, Que., Canada. "Que Faut-I] Penser de la Glace aux Antibiotiques ? Offre-t-Elle un Reel Interet?'' (What Must One Think of the Antibiotic Dip? Does It Offer Any Real Interest?), article, France Peche, no. 75, July- August 1963, pp. 47-50, printed in French. France Peche, Boite Postale 179, Lorient, France. ASCORBIC ACID: "Ascorbic Acid Content in Edible Tunicates from the Italian Seas,'' by Cosimo Sebastio (Exptl. Inst., Pescara, Italy), article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 57, October 29, 1962, 11614a, printed. The Ameri- can Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washing- ton 6, D.C. ATLANTIC: The Bionomics of the Fisheries Resources of the ~ Eastern Tropical Atlantic, by Alan R. Longhurst, Colonial Office Fishery Publication No. 20, 1963, 71 pp., illus., processed, $3.60. Sales Section, British Information Service, 845 Third Ave., New VWorkeeenNeaya BACTERIOLOGY: "The Behavior of Food-Poisoning Bacteria in Fish Preserves and Oils,'' by K. O. Schwerin (Bur. Vet. Res. Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany), article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 57, October 29, 1962, 11605¢g, printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, D.C. BERMUDA: Annual Report of the Director of Agriculture and Fisheries for the Year 1962, 21 pp., printed. De- partment of Agriculture and Fisheries, Hamilton, Bermuda, February 1963. Includes a section on work of the Fisheries Division. Discusses the drafting of new fisheries regulations, installation of fish-freezing and cold-storage facilities ata marketing center, interviewing of and discussion of problems with local fishermen, and organization of an Association of Fishermen. BIOCHEMISTRY: "Biochemical Changes in Fish Muscle during Rigor Mortis," by D. J. Nazir and N.G. Magar, article, Journal of Food Science, vol. 28, January-February 1963, pp. 1-7, printed. Institute of Food Technolo- gists, 510-522 N. Hickory St., Champaign, Ill. "Marine Sterols. V--Isolation of 7,24(28)-Ergosta- dien-38-OL from Starfish," by U.H. M. Fagerlund and D.R. Idler, article, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 81, 1959, p. 401; printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, D.C. Nucleotide Concentration in Codling (GADUS CAL- R Muscle Passing Through Rigor Mortis at 0°, by N. R. Jones and J. Murray, Torry Memoir No. 56, printed. Torry Research Station, Aberdeen, Scotland, 1961. "Nucleotide Degradation in the Muscle of Iced Haddock (Gadus aeglefinus), Lemon Sole (Pleuronectes micro- cephalus), and Plaice (Pleuronects platessa), by Bung-Orn Kassemsarn and others, article, Journal of Food Science, vol. 28, January-February 1963, pp. 28-37, printed. Institute of Food Technologists, 510-522 N. Hickory St., Champaign, IIl. BLOATER: "Food of the Bloater, Coregonus hoyi, in Lake Michi- gan,'' by LaRue Wells and Alfred M. Beeton, article, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 92, no. 3, pp. 245-255, printed. Secretary, A- merican Fisheries Society, P.O. Box 483, McLean, Va. BLOOD: "Blood pH and Mortality in Rainbow Trout (Salmo airdnerii) and Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka),” by R. E. E. Jonas, Harcharan Sehdeve, and N. Tomlinson, article, Journal of the Fisheries Re- search Board of Canada, vol. 19, July 1962, pp. 619- 624, printed. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. CALIFORNIA: Publications of Department of Fish and Game, 11 pp., printed, May 1963. State Printing Division, Docu- ments Section, N. 7th St. at Richards Blvd., Sacra- mento 14, Calif. CANADA: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 20, no. 4, July 1963, 251 pp., illus., printed, single copy C$2. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada. Includes, among others, articles on: 'Influence of Light and Tem- perature on the Reproductive Cycle of the Eastern Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill);' by Nancy E. Henderson; "Extent of Atresia in Maturing Ovaries of the Eastern Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill),"' by Nancy E. Henderson; "Ex- tractives of Fish Muscle. 3--Amounts, Sectional Distribution, and Variations of Fat, Water-Solubles, Protein and Moisture in Cod (Gadus morhua L.) Fillets,'' by N. Dambergs; ''Observations on the Migration of Young Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) through a Large, Complex Lake System,” by W. E. Johnson and C. Groot; "The Effect of Tagging with Petersen Disc Tags on the Swimming Ability December 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 9) of Fingerling Steelhead Trout (Salmo gairdnerii)," by Dan W. Clancy; ''Source of Paralytic Shellfish Toxin in the Bay of Fundy," by A. Prakash; "'Accel- erated Cooling of Wet, Heavily Salted Fish,'' by A. L. Wood; "Temperature, Salinity and Plankton in the Eastern North Atlantic and Coastal Waters of Brit- ain, 1957. II--The Relationships between Species and Water Bodies," by B. McK. Bary; and ''An In- vestigation of Herring (Clupea Heese L.) Spawn- ing Using Free-Diving Techniques,” by S.N. Tibbo, D.J. Scarratt, and P.W. G. McMullon. \ Oceanography and Canadian Atlantic Waters, by H. B. _ ~"Hachey, Bulletin No. 134, Cat. No. Fs 94-134, 126 pp., illus., printed, C$1.50. Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa, Canada, 1962. CANNING: Refrigerative Canning of Fish Products, by V. P. Zaitsev, 430 pp., printed in Russian. Pishcheprom- izdat, Mruzooskii, Prospekt No. 1, Moscow, U.S.S.R., 1962. CHILE: "Chilean Fishing-Industry Survey,'' article, Food Technology, vol. 17, April 1963, pp. 32-33, printed. The Garrard Press, 510 N. Hickory St., Champaign, Tl. Montemar, vol. 1-2, no. 3, March 1963, 47 pp., illus., printed in Spanish with English summary. Univer- sidad de Chile, Instituto de Biologia, Biblioteca, Casilla 13-D, Vina del Mar, Chile. Includes articles on: "Observaciones sobre la Madurez Sexual del Cachalote Macho (Physeter catodon L.), Capturado en Aguas Chilenas servations on the Sexual Maturity of Male Sperm Whales (Physeter catodon L.) Captured in Chilean Waters), by Anelic guayo Lobos; and ''Cyamidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) en Physeter catodon L. Capturados en Chile con des- cripcion de una Nueva Especie Cyamus bahamondei" (Cyamidae (Crustacea: Abe piiecda) Parasites on Physeter catodon L. Captured in Chile with a Des- cription of a New Species Cyamus bahamondei), by Ramon Buzeta B. CHINA: "The Fisheries of Mainland China," by E. F. Szcze- panik, article, Fishing News International, vol. 1, no. 1, 1961, pp. 39-42, printed. Arthur J. Heighway Publications, Ltd., Ludgate House, 110 Fleet St., London EC4, England. CHITIN: "Studies on Chitin. V--The Action of Mineral Acids on Chitin," by R.H. Hackman, article, Australian Journal of Biological Sciences, vol. 15, 1962, pp. 526-537, illus., printed. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, 314 Albert St., Melbourne C2, Australia. CLAMS: "Variacion Estacional de la Composicion Quimica de la Almeja Babosa (Tapes pullastra, Mont.)"' (Sea - sonal Variation in Chemical Composition of Clam, Tapes pullastra Mont.), by G. Alvarez -Seoane, ar- ticle, Investigacion Pesquera, vol. 17, 1960, pp. 3-32, illus., printed in Spanish with English sum- mary. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cienti- ficas, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. "Venus mercenaria (L.) in Southampton Water," by Alan D. Ansell, article, Ecology, vol. 44, no. 2, Spring 1963, pp. 396-397, illus., printed, single copy $5. Circulation Office, Duke University Press, Box 6697, College Station, Durham, N.C. CLUPEOID FISH: "Electrophoretic Analysis of the Hemoglobins of At- lantic Clupeoid Fishes," by Carl J. Sindermann and Kenneth A. Honey, article, Copeia, no. 3, September 25, 1963, pp. 534-537, illus., printed, single copy $2.50. American Society of Ichthyologists and Her- petologists, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, Calif. COLOMBIA: Legislacion Nacional de Pesca Y Caza Vigente (Na- tional Legislation in Force on Fishing and Hunting), 218 pp., illus., printed in Spanish. Division de Re- cursos Naturales, Ministerio de Agricultura, Bogota, Colombia, 1963. COMBINATION VESSEL: "Aspects of the Combination Fishing Vessels,'' by J.G. de Wit, article, Holland Shipbuilding, vol. 10, no. 5, 1961, pp. 36-38, printed. The Marine Publication Co., 10 Burgemeester's Jacobplein, Rotterdam, Netherlands. COMPOSITION: "lobster Shell and Hemolymph Composition under Normal and Acidotic Conditions,'' by Kora K. Hayes, Leon Singer, and W. D. Armstrong (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.), article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 57, July 9, 1962, 1392g, printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, D.C. CYPRINID FISH: "Cyprinid Fishes of the Subgenus Cyprinella of Notro- pis. The Notropis whipplei-analostanus-chloristius Complex,” by Robert H. Gibbs, Jr., article, Copeia, no. 3, September 25, 1963, pp. 511-528, illus., printed, single copy $2.50. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, Calif. DECOMPOSITION: "Formol in Marine Products. The Influence of Treat- ment by Sulphur Anhydride," by F. Soudan and others, article, Revue des Travaux, Institut Scientifique et Technique des Peches Maritimes, vol. 25, no. 4, 1961, pp. 407-412, printed in French. Institut Sci- entifique et Technique des Peches Maritimes, 59 Ave. Raymon Poincare, Paris XVI, France. DRIED FISH: "Dried Fish Handling in Nigeria. A Report of the West African Stored Products Research Unit," by M. J. Rollings and L. A. W. Hayward, article, Food Manufacture, vol. 37, October 1962, pp. 498-501, printed. Leonard Hill Ltd., 9 Eden St., London NW1, England. DRYING: The Drying of Fish, British Patent 893,769, printed. British Patent Office, 25 Southampton Bldgs., Lon- don WC2, England. ENZYMES: "Enzymatic Studies on the Glycolysis in Fish Muscle," by Fumio Nagayama, article, Bulletin of the Japa- 100 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 12 nese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 27, Nov- ember 1961, pp. 1014-1017, printed. Japanese So- ciety of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. Fish Muscle Enzymes and Their Technological Signif- icance, by N.R. Jones, Torry Memoir No. 104, printed. Torry Research Station, Aberdeen, Scot- land. "Proteolytic Activity of Tissue Enzymes of Salmon," by E. A. Nasedkina, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 57, October 15, 1962, 1309b, printed. The A- merican Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Wash- ington 6, D.C. EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY: Fischereistatistik--Statistique des Peches 1950-1961 (Fishery Statistics, 1950-1961), 74 pp., illus., proc- essed in French and German. Office Statistique des Communautes Europeennes, Statistique Agricole, 188a, Ave. de Tervueren, Brussels 15, Belgium. FAROE ISLANDS: Facts about the Faroe Islands, 39 pp., illus., printed. Faroya Banki, Torshavn, Faroe Islands. Discusses, among other subjects, the fishing industry, whichis the chief occupation of the Faroese. Covers the coastal and distant-water fishing grounds, types of vessels, principal species landed, chief export mar- kets, and number of men employed in fishing. Regnskag og Beretning for Aret 1962 (Annual Report for 1582). 20 pp., illus., printed in Danish and Eng- lish, February 1963. Foroya Banki, Torshavn, Faroe Islands. Discusses the total fish catch dur- ing 1962; fishery off Greenland, Iceland, and Nor- way; production of fish on ice, frozen fillets, and salted herring and other fish; export of dried cod and salt fish; value of holdings and production; in- crease in the fishing fleet; and financial informa- tion. FEEDS: "Significance of Fish as Vitamin Carriers in Connec- tion with a Satisfactory Yield of Fodder as a By- product in the Commercial Preparation of Fish," by E. Kraack, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 57, July 9, 1962, 1338d, printed. The American Chem- ical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, D.C. "Supplementation of a Basal Feed with Either Fish Meal or Pure Amino Acids," by Jean Adrian and Raymond Jacquot, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 56, June 11, 1962, 14702b, printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, Dc: FILMS: List of Films and Filmstrips on Fisheries and Re- Tated Subjects, Fourth Edition, 187 pp., processed. Technology Branch, Fisheries Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy, 1963. The FAO Fisheries Division has a growing interest in the use of films to promote world-wide exchange of knowledge of fishing gear and methods, fishing boats, fish processing, and fish science in general. FISH BEHAVIOR: "Aquarienversuche uber die Scheuchwirkung einer Vorhangs aus Luftblasen bei einigen Susswasser- fischen, Besonders bei Aalen" (Aquarium Experi- ments on the Frightening Effect of an Air-Bubble Curtain on Some Species of Fresh Water Fish, es- pecially Eel), by H. Mohr, article, Protokolle zur Fischereitechnik, vol. 31, no. 7, 1960, pp. 121-129, illus., printed in German. Institut fur Netz- und Materialforschung, Bundesforschungsanstalt, Pal- maille 9, Hamburg-Altona 1, Germany. i FISHERY RESEARCH: Fisheries Laboratory, Lowestoft, by E.C. Haderlie, Technical Rept. ONRL-15-63, 11 pp., printed. Office of Naval Research, London, England, March 21, 1963. FISH FARMING: "Cultivating Fish for Food and Sport in Power-Station Water," by R.B. Iles, article, New Scientist, vol. 17, no. 324, January 31, 1963, pp. 227-229, illus., printed, single copy 1s. (about 14 U.S. cents). Harrison, Rai- sonand Co. Ltd., Cromwell House, Fulwood P1., High Holborn, London WC1, England. Exotic fishare living in St. Johns Wood, London, inwarm water froma power station. By rationaluse of warmed water all over Britain both native and tropical fish should thrive, to the benefit of the consumer, the gourmet, the angler, and the electricity authorities alike. "The Salt-Water Fish Farms of the North Adriatic and Their Fauna,'' by A. Vatova, article, Journal du Conseil, vol. 27, 1962, pp. 109-115, illus., printed. — Conseil Permanent International pour 1'Exploration de la Mer, Charlottenlund-Slot, Denmark. FISH FINDER: "Fish Finder Uses Magnetic Drum Memory," article, New Scientist, vol. 15, August 2, 1962, p. 251, printed. Harrison, Raison and Co. Ltd., Cromwell House, Fulwood Pl., High Holborn, London WC1, England. FISHING WITH LIGHTS: "Lov Chernomorskoi Stavridy na Elektrosviet" (Fish- ing with Electric Lights for Black Sea Horse Mack- erel), by A. Delgov, article, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, vol. 37, no. 2, 1961, pp. 53-55, illus., printed in Russian. VNIRO Glavniproekta, pri Gosplanie SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. FISH MEAL: "Dye Binding of Soybean and Fish Meal as an Index of Quality," by E.T. Moran, Jr., L.S. Jensen, and J. McGinnis, article, Journal of Nutrition, vol. 79, February 1963, pp. 239-244, printed. American In- stitute of Nutrition, 36th St. at Spruce, Philadelphia 4, Pa. "Processo Simples de Produzir Farinhas de Peixe Altamente Nutritivas'' (Simple Method for Producing Highly Nutritious Fish Meal), by A. Valente de Fon- seca Alves da Costa, article, Boletim da Pesca, vol. 13, no. 72, 1961, pp. 55-56, illus., printed in Portu- guese. Gabinete de Estudos das Pescas, 644 R.S. Bento, Lisbon, Portugal. "Pyrethrum in Fish Meal Industry," by J. Olley, ar- December 1963 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 101 vol. 12, no. 9, 1961, p. 130, printed. The Society of Chemical Industry, 14 Belgrave Sq., London SW1, England. FISH OIL: "Treating Oil - Containing ¢ 1imal Material, Suchas Fish and Fish Offal," by Heinrich M. Ehlert, ar- ticle, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 58, March 18, 1963, 6132a, printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, D.C. FISH PASSAGE: *Rybopropusknye Soorozheniia Sovetskogo Soiuza (Fish Bypass Constructions in the Soviet Union), by Z.M. Kipper and I. V. Mileiko, R. 27583, printed in Russian, 1962. FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE: "Composition and Biological Quality of Dilis Fish Flour,'' by Angelina Alcaraz -Bayan, article, Chem- ical Abstracts, vol. 57, November 26, 1962, 14248b, printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, D.C. "Factors Influencing the Nutritional Value of Fish Flour. Il--Availability of Lysine and Sulfur Amino Acids," by A.B. Morrison and Z.I. Sabry, article, Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, vol. 41, March 1963, pp. 649-655, printed. Division of Administration and Awards, The National Re- search Council, Sussex St., Ottawa 2, Canada. "Preparation of Protein-Rich Biscuits from Fish Flour,'' by R. L. Nath, R. Dutt, and S. L. Pain, ar- ticle, Bulletin, Calcutta School of Tropical Medi- cine, vol. 8, no. 4, 1960, pp. 161-162, printed. School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta, India. FISH SAUCE: "Production of Fish Sauce. I--Effect of Commercial Proteolytic Enzymes on the Production of Fish Sauce," by Shigeo Murayama, Dominador L. Calvez, and Prapart Nitayachin (Tokaiku Suiken, Tokyo, Ja- pan), article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 57, Novem- ber 26, 1962, 14247g, printed. The AmericanChem- ical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, D.C. FOOD MANAGEMENT: Employee Training in Food Service Establishments, by Robert F. Lukowski and Charles E. Eshbach, Food Management Leaflet 7, 10 pp., illus., printed. Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agricul- ture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass., March 1963. Discusses the importance of employee training and emphasizes the principles that manage- ment needs to keep in mind in developing effective employee training programs. Not an employee training manual but a brief review of the signifi- cance of good employee training to the success of the business and an outline of what is essential for an effective employee program. Designed primar- ily to call to the attention of owners and managers of food service establishments the importance of employee training. FOOD POISONING: "Food Poisoning after Eating Fish,'' by H. Gounelle and M.A. Pointeau-Pouliquen, article, Revue d‘Hy - iene et de Medicine Sociale, vol. 9, no. 7, 1961, pp. 603-624, printed in French. Revue d'Hygiene et de Medicine Sociale, 120 Blvd. Saint-Germain, Paris 6©, France. "Food Poisoning Problems of Frozen Seafoods," by J. Liston and H. Raj, article, Journal of the Ameri- can Dietetic Association, vol. 42, April 1963, p. 336, printed. American Dietetic Association, 620 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago 11, Ill. FRANCE: "La Production de la Peche Francaise en 1962" (France's Fish Production in 1962), article, La Peche Maritime, vol. 42, no. 1025, August 1963, pp. 513- 518, printed in French, single copy 12 F (about US$2.45). Les Editions Maritimes, 190, Blvd. Hauss- man, Paris, France. FREEZE-DRYING: Food Service Management, no. 5, August 26, 1963, 7 pp., illus., processed. Cooperative Extension Serv- ice, Food Management Program, University of Mas- sachusetts, Amherst, Mass. Discusses a U.S. De- partment of Agriculture report, Freeze-Dried Foods: Palatability Tests. Covers objectives of the study, ~ a summary of the results, comparison of freeze- dried foods as a group with canned or frozen foods as a group, and significance of the findings. Six shellfish products, among many others, were tested and results showed that they equaled frozen shellfish in all palatability characteristics except flavor. "Freeze-Drying Equipment," by Martin S. Peterson, article, Food Technology, vol. 16, March 1962, pp. 18-20, printed. The Garrard Press, 510 N. Hickory St., Champaign, III. "Freeze-Drying without Vacuum. A Preliminary In- vestigation,’ by L. M. Lewin and R.I. Mateles, ar- ticle, Food Technology, vol. 16, January 1962, pp. 94-96, printed. The Garrard Press, 510 N. Hickory St., Champaign, Il. "Nouveau Procede de Congelation-Sechage"' (New Process of Freeze-Drying), article, La Peche Mari- time, vol. 42, no. 1025, August 1963, pp. 535-536, illus., printed in French, single copy 12 F. (about US$2.45). Les Editions Maritimes, 190, Blvd. Hauss- mann, Paris, France. Recent Advancement in Freeze-Drying, by L. Reyand others, 196 pp., printed. Hermann, 115, Blvd. Saint- Germain, Paris, France, 1962. FROZEN FOOD: "Frozen Food Handling Bibliography,'' article, Frosted Food Field, vol. 35, August 1962, pp. 12-13, 19, printed. Frosted Food Field Inc., 321 Broadway, New York 7, N.Y. GEAR: "Science in Overseas Industry--Anchor that Buries Itself in the Seabed," article, New Scientist, vol. 15, August 23, 1962, p. 409, printed. Harrison, Raison and Co. Ltd., Cromwell House, Fulwood Pl., High Holborn, London WC1, England. "A Simple and Cheap Design of Large Reel for Com- merical Bottom Fishing in Deep Water," by J. F.C. Morgans, article, East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal, vol. 27, no. 3, 1962, pp. 150-153, 102 illus., printed. East African Agricultural and For- estry Research Organization, Box 21, Kikuyu, Ken- ya. GENERAL: "The Seas as a Solution to the World's Food Short- age," by M.B.F. Ranken, article, Modern Refriger- ation, vol. 65, October 1962, pp. 959-962, Senient Refrigeration Press Ltd., Maclaren House, 131 Great Suffolk St., London SE1, England. GROUNDFISH: *Promyslovye Kambaly Dalnego Vostoka (The Flat- ish Industry of the Far East), by P. A. Moiseev, R. 27371, printed in Russian, 1946. HAWAII: Annual Report to the Governor, July 1, 1961 to June 30, 1962, Department of Land and Natural Re- Sources, State of Hawaii, 50 pp., illus., printed, December 1962. Department of Land and Natural Resources, Honolulu, Hawaii. Includes a section on the work of the Division of Fish and Game. Dis- cusses, among other subjects, the accomplishments of the Fisheries Branch in fresh-water fishery man- agement, salt-water fishery management, and the Honolulu Bait Station. HERRING: "De Bereiding van Snelgevroren Gemarineerde Har- ing" (The Manufacture of Quickfrozen Marinated Herring), by H. Houwing, article, Conserva, vol. 10, no. 9, 1962, pp. 183-186, printed in Dutch. Moor- man's Periodieke Pers N.V., 1 Zwarteweg, The Hague, Netherlands. "Change in the Quality of Dry and Mixed Salted Her- ring during Storage," by N.N. Rulev, article, Chem- ical Abstracts, vol. 56, March 19, 1962, 6430d, printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, D.C. "'Sildundersokelser i Norskhavet med F/F 'Johan Hjort' 3.-14. Desember 1962" (Herring Investiga- tions in the Norwegian Sea on Board the Johan Hjort December 3-14, 1962), by Ole J. Ostvedt, article, Fiskets Gang, vol. 49, no. 28, July 11, 1963, p. 414, ilIvs., printed in Norwegian. Fiskets Gang, Fiskeri- direktoratet, Radstuplass 10, Bergen, Norway. KOREA REPUBLIC: Annual Report for Fishery Products Inspection, 1962, no. 12, 166 pp., illus., printed in Korean with some English translations, April 1963. Central Fisheries Inspection Station, Ministry of Agriculture and For- estry, 103 Wonnam-Dong, Chong-Ro, Seoul, Korea. Contains a general review of the inspection of fish- ery products in Korea, the present status and re- sults of fishery inspection, and related subjects. LIBYA: Establishing a Business in Libya, OBR-63-116, 12 pp., printed, 15 cents, August 1963. Bureau of In- ternational Commerce, U.S. Department of Com- merce, Washington, D.C. (For sale by the Superin- tendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.) Discusses Gov- ernment policy on investment, entry and repatria- tion of capital, trade factors affecting investment, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 12 business organizations, regulations affecting em- ployment, and taxation. LIMNOLOGY: Limnology in North America, edited by David G. Frey, pp., illus., printed, $8.50. University of Wis- consin Press, Madison, Wis., 1963. LONG-LINE FISHING: "Linebuktstabeller (Fiskedybden av Floytliner)" (Ta- bles of Bay Lines--Fishing Depth of Floating Lines), by Olav Aasen, article, Fiskets Gang, vol. 49, no. 24, June 13, 1963, pp. 341-346, illus., printed in Norwegian. Fiskets Gang, Fiskeridirektoratet, Rad- stuplass 10, Bergen, Norway. MEDITERRANEAN: Mediterranean Brackish-Water Lagoons and Their Exploitation, by R. De Angelis, General Fisheries Council for the Mediterranean Studies and Reviews No. 12, 41 pp., illus., processed. General Fisheries Council for the Mediterranean, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. MINK RATIONS: "Antioxidants and Other Additives for Improving A- laska Fish Waste for Mink Feed," by J. R. Leekley, C.A. Cabell, and R.A. Damon, Jr., article, Journal of Animal Science, vol. 21, November 1962, pp. 762- 765, printed. American Society of Animal Produc- tion, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colo. MUSKELLUNGE: The Wisconsin Muskellunge, Its Life History, Ecology, “and Management, by Arthur A. Oehmcke and others, Publication , 11 pp., illus., printed. Wisconsin Conservation Department, Madison 1, Wis., 1958. NAMES OF FISH: , The Common Names of Fish, by G. U. Lindberg, OTS ~ 63-21729, 7 pp., processed, 50 cents. (Translated from the Russian, Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, vol. XXXVI, no. 12, 1959, pp. 1894-1896.) Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bldg. T-30, Ohio Dr. and Independence Ave. SW., Washington 25, D.C., April 30, 1963. NETS: "Using the Trammel Net in Canadian Waters," by G.H. Lawler, article, Canadian Fisherman, vol. 50, no. 8, August 1963, pp. 17-20, illus., printed, single copy C$2. National Business Publications Ltd., Gardenvale, Que., Canada. NEW JERSEY: Report for 1961/62, 64 pp., illus., printed. New Jer- sey Division of Fish and Game, Trenton, N. J. NIGER REPUBLIC: Bele Investment Law in the Republic of Niger, OBR = , 4 pp., printed, 15 cents. Bureau of international Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Wash- ington, D.C., July 1963. (For sale by the Superinten- dent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.) Laws currently in force governing private investment in the Republic of Niger are Law No. 61-21 of July 12, 1961, which es- tablishes an Investment Code, and Law No. 63-6 of December 1963 of February 1, 1963, which modifies certain provi- sions of the first law relating to the repatriation of profits, salaries, and capital. The Code lists the types of enterprises having priority status and eli- gible to receive benefits provided for under the law. Law No. 63-6 modifies certain sections of the In- vestment Code, and makes the repatriation of prof- its, salaries of expatriate personnel, and of the in- vested capital, subject to the exchange regulations of the Franc Zone. NORWAY: "Administrative Structures in the Norwegian Fish- eries,'' by Olav Lund, article, Norwegian Fishing and Maritime News, vol. 10, no. 1, 1963, pp. 7-8, 21, 25; "The Norwegian Fishery Legislation,"' by Olav Lund, vol. 10, no. 2, 1963, pp. 7-8, 33, 35, 37, 39, illus., printed. Norwegian Fishing and Maritime News, P.O. Box 740, Slottsgt. 3, Bergen, Norway. "Fiskefartoyers Lonnsomhet i 1961'' (Fishing Vessel Profits in 1961), article, Fiskets Gang, vol. 49, no. 26, June 27, 1963, pp. 382-386, printed in Norwe- gian. Fiskets Gang, Fiskeridirektoratet, Radstup- lass 10, Bergen, Norway. "Fiskefartoyers Lonnsomhet i 1961, Sesongresulta- ter' (Fishing Vessel Profits in 1961, Annual Re- sults), article, Fiskets Gang, vol. 49, no. 27, July4, 1963, pp. 396-399, printed in Norwegian. Fiskets Gang, Fiskeridirektoratet, Radstuplass 10, Bergen, Norway. Statistisk Arbok for Norge, 1963 (Statistical Year- book of Norway, 1963), Norges Offisielle Statistikk XII 107, 376 pp., printed in Norwegian and English. Statistisk Sentralbyra, Oslo, Norway. Includes, among others, statistical tables giving data on fish- ermen and gear, by counties; number of fishermen, by age group; fishing vessels by year of construc- tion, type, and length; quantity and value of the fish- eries; distant water fisheries; quantity and value of principal species; spawning cod and Finnmark spring cod by type of gear used; winter herring by disposition of landings and fishing gear used; pro- duction of some principal fishery products; results of sealing and whaling; and whaling companies and their operating equipment. OCEANOGRAPHY: Graduate Study in Oceanography, 11 pp., illus., printed. Graduate School, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oreg. Includes sections describing the scope of oceanography, opportunities for oceano- graphers, undergraduate preparation, graduate pre- paration, degrees granted, financial support, facil- ities, housing, cultural and educational advantages, courses currently offered, and staff teaching and research interests. International Marine Science, vol. 1, no. 2, August 1963, 28 pp., processed. Fisheries Biology Branch, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Na- tions, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. Contains editorial notes, a list of national commit- tees for oceanographic research, national oceano- graphic programs, international projects, meetings on marine sciences, training facilities, miscellane- ous news items, and activities of the United Nations and other agencies. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 103 monwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organi- zation, Melbourne, Australia. Oceanographic Ship Operating Schedules Planned for FY 1962, ICO Pamphlet No. 1, 25 pp., illus., proc- essed. Interagency Committee on Oceanography, Federal Council for Science and Technology, Office of Naval Research, Rm. 1818, 17th St. and Constitu- tion Ave. NW., Washington, D.C., March 1961. The Relationship of Oceanography and Fisheries, by Wilbert McLeod Chapman, 23 pp., processed, 1963. Secretary, American Fisheries Society, P.O. Box 483, McLean, Va. A paper prepared for delivery at the Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries So- ciety, University of Minnesota, September 12, 1963. Fishery oceanography is defined as the study of the living resources of the sea using those aspects of oceanography (including biology, physics, chemistry, geology, and meteorology) that affect their abundance, availability, and exploitation. Objectives of fisheries oceanography include: (1) the assessment of the dis- tribution of living resources of the sea; (2) the pre- diction of the abundance in time and space of pres- ently used living resources of the sea; (3) the esti- mation of the maximum sustainable yield of present- ly used individual living resources of the sea; (4) the estimation of the exploitable production of individual stocks under natural and manmade conditions and of the living resources of the world ocean as a whole; (5) investigation of means of increasing the exploit- able production of the living resources of the sea and means of protecting them from natural and man- made disaster; and (6) the prompt publication of these findings. OREGON: Habitat Improvement Project. 2--Federal Aid to Fish Restoration, by Donald M. Jacobson and Robert L. Borovicka, 6 pp., illus., printed. Oregon Fishery Division, Portland, Oreg., 1963. Report for 1960/62, 33 pp., illus., printed. Oregon Fish Commission, Portland, Oreg. PACIFIC OCEAN: Fishing Industry Plenums on Research in the Pacific Ocean, OTS 63-21708, 11 pp., processed, 50 cents. (Translated from the Russian, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, no. 1, 1963, p. 85 and pp. 87-90.) Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bldg. T-30, Ohio Dr. and Independence Ave. SW., Washington 25, Die:, April 29,1963. PARASITES: Preliminary Observations on Philonemiasis and Crepi- dostomiasis in Alaskan Fresh-Water Fish, by Kenneth A. Neiland, Informational Leaflet No. 16, 5 pp., illus., processed. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Subport Bldg., Juneau, Alaska, 1962. PERCH: "Systematic Position and Relationships of the Per- cesocine Fishes,'' by William A. Gosline, article, Pacific Science, vol. 16, no. 2, 1962, pp. 207-217, 104 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Wels AS), INO, 12 THESE PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, BUT USUALLY MAY BE printed. Office of Publications, University of Ha- waii, Honolulu 14, Hawaii. PHILIPPINES: "Preliminary Studies on the Comparative Chemical Composition of the Different Commercial Brands of 'Patis' in the Philippines,"' by S. V. Bersamin and R.S. J. Napugan (Bureau of Fisheries, Quezon City, Philippines), article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 57, December 10, 1962, 15567i, printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, iD)3 (5 PLATYFISH: "Xiphophorus gordoni, a New Species of Platyfish from Coahuila, Mexico," by Robert Rush Miller and W.L. Minckley, article, Copeia, no. 3, September 25, 1963, pp. 538-546, illus., printed, single copy $2.50. American Society of Ichthyologists and Her- petologists, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, Calif. POISONOUS FISH: "Potent Venom from a Little Fish,'' article, New Sci- entist, vol. 15, July 26, 1962, p. 182, printed. Har- rison, Raison and Co. Ltd., Cromwell House, Ful- wood Pl., High Holborn, London WC1, England. POLLUTION: "Die Entwicklung der Bodenseefischerei unter dem Einfluss der Abwasser'' (The Development of the Bottom Sea Fishery Under the Influence of Pollu- tion), by W. Numann, article, Osterreichs Fischerei, vol. 16, no. 6, June 1963, pp. 82-84, printed in Ger- man. Osterreichs Fischerei Verband, Scharfling am Mondsee, Austria. Research for Clean Water, 39 pp., illus., printed, January 1, 1962. Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineer- ing Center, Bureau of State Services, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Cincinnati, Ohio. A report on activities of the Research Branch, Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control, at the Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center. Water Pollution Research 1962 (The Report of the Water Pollution Research Board with the Report of the Director of the Water Pollution Research Lab- oratory), 139 pp., illus., printed, 8s. 6d. (about US$1.20), 1963. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, York House, Kingsway, London WC2, England. PORTUGAL: "La Industria Portuguesa de Conservas de Pescado" (The Portuguese Canned Fish Industry), article, Industria Conservera, vol. XXIX, no. 287, May 1963, pp. 127-128, printed in Spanish. Union de Fabri- cantes de Conservas de Galicia, Calle Marques de Valladares, 41, Vigo, Spain. PRESERVATION: Preservation of Fresh Fish, by W. Saenz and D. L. Durron, Special Service Bulletin No. 17, 49 pp., processed. Florida State Board of Conservation, W.V. Knott Bldg., Tallahassee, Fla., 1961. PROTEIN: "Evaluation of Protein in Foods. VIII--Influence of Quality and Quantity of Dietary Protein on Net Pro- tein Utilization,'' by A. B. Morrison and others, ar- ticle, Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physi- ology, vol. 41, February 1963, pp. O75 "81, printed. Division of Administration and Awards, The National Research Council, Sussex St., Ottawa 2, Canada. "Fish Protein Products Processable for Feed or Food," by Andrzej Boguslawski, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 58,,March 18, 1963, 6132a, printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, D.C. RADIATION PRESERVATION: Biochemical Aspects of the Radiation Method of Food ~ " Preservation, by L. V. Metlitskiy, OTS 63-20178, 38 pp., processed, 50 cents. (Translated from the Russian, Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, no. 6, 1962, pp. 869-884.) Office of Technical Services, U.S. De- partment of Commerce, Bldg. T-30, Ohio Dr. and Independence Ave. SW., Washington 25, D.C., Feb- ruary 7, 1963. ROUGH FISH: Potential Use of Trash Fish Caught by Shrimp Boats, Management Research Summary, 2 pp., processed. Small Business Administration, Washington, D.C. 20416, 1963. Large quantities of trash fish are dis- carded annually by shrimp boats, mainly because of the problem of transporting the fish from the area of capture to a plant on shore. The production of hydrolyzed fish on board the trawlers was found to be impractical because of the liquidity and low pro- tein content of the product. It does appear to be economically feasible, however, to land iced trash fish and can it for pet food. SALMON: Abundance, Size and Age of Red Salmon Smolts from the Kvichak River System, 1961, by Wilbur Church, Informational Leaflet No. 31, 10 pp., illus., proc- essed. Division of Commercial Fisheries, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Subport Bldg., Juneau, Alaska, July 31, 1963. Abundance, Size and Age of Red Salmon Smolts from the Wood River System, 1961, by Wilbur Church, In- formational Leaftet No. 32, 13 pp., illus., processed. Division of Commercial Fisheries, Alaska Depart- ment of Fish and Game, Subport Bldg., Juneau, A- laska, July 31, 1963. ternational Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission, New Westminister, B.C., Canada, 1963. "On the Carotenoids of Salmon Flesh (Lipochromes of Marine Animals. VI.),'' by N.A. Sorensen, 1 p., Translation Series No. 164, processed. (Translated from the German, Zeitschrift fur Physiologische Chemie, vol. 235, 1935, p. 8.) Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Vancouver, B.C., Canada. "Comparative Studies on Two Hemoglobins of Salmon. IV--N-Terminal Amino Acid," by Kanehisa Hashi- moto and Fumio Matsuura, article, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 23, September 1962, pp. 914-919, printed. Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Shiba-Kaigandori 6, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. December 1963 Forecast of Bristol Bay Red Salmon Run in 1962, In- formational Leaflet No. 14, 23 pp., illus., processed. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Subport Bldg., Juneau, Alaska, 1962. mational Leaflet No. 13, 2 pp., processed. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Subport Bldg., Ju- neau, Alaska, 1962. Standard Methods of Measuring Salmon, by Howard D. Tait, Informational Leaflet No. 8, 2 pp., illus., proc- essed. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Sub- port Bldg., Juneau, Alaska, 1962. SALT FISH: "Effect of the Addition of Sugar in the Process of Salting Salmon,"' by E.A. Nasedkina, article, Chem- ical Abstracts, vol. 56, June 25, 1962, 15894f, printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, D.C. "Prevention of Development of Rancidity of Salted Fish," by Yoshinobu Endo, article, Chemical Ab- stracts, vol. 56, June 11, 1962, 14683d, printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, D.C. "Test of Certain Antioxidants for Preventing Rusting of Salted Fish," by N. V. Natenson, article, Chem- ical Abstracts, vol. 56, March 19, 1962, 6430b, printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, D.C. SEALS: "Molecular Association Behavior of Apomyoglobin I from the Seal (Phoca vitulina),'' by Nevenka M. Ru- men and Ettore Appella, article, Archives of Bio- hemistry and Biophysics, vol. 97, April 1962, pp. 128-133, printed. Academic Press Inc., 111 5th Ave., New York 3, N.Y. "The Seal Catch, 1961,'' by E. Johannessen, article, Arsberetning Vedkommende Norges Fiskerier 1961, no. 10, 1962, pp. 1-19, printed. Fiskeridirektoratet, Bergen, Norway. SEAWEED: "Triabunna Site for Seaweed Industry," article, Fish- eries Newsletter, vol. 22, January 1963, pp. 17, 19, printed. Commonwealth Fisheries Office, Depart- ment of Primary Industry, Canberra, Australia. SHARK: "Fish of the Bay of Bengal. Il--Processing of a Shark Flesh," by A.N. Bose, S.K. Das Gupta, and B.N. Srimani (Jadavpur University, Calcutta, India), article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 57, November 26, 1962, 142461, printed. The American Chemical So- ciety, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, D.C. SHRIMP: "Contributions to the Knowledge of the Alpheid Shrimp of the Pacific Ocean. VIII--Losses of Spec- imens in the Fire of the Hawaii Marine Laboratory," by Albert H. Banner and Dora M. Banner, article, Pacific Science, vol. 16, no. 2, 1962, pp. 238-240, printed. Office of. Publications, University of Ha- waii, Honolulu 14, Hawaii. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 105 An Improved Prawn Trap, by T.H. Butler, Circular No. 67, 7 pp., printed. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Biological Station, Naniamo, B.C., Canada, February 25, 1963. "Some New Indices of Quality for Ice Stored Prawns," by T.K. Govindan, article, Science and Culture, vol. 28, no. 1, 1962, pp. 36-37, printed. Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Ernakulam, South India. SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT: Cooperative Arrangements Among Small Food Proc- essors, by Wallace Rehberg, Hugh L. Cook, and Stanley Hack, Management Research Summary, 2 pp., processed. Small Business Administration, Washington, D.C. 20416. Cooperative arrangements could increase the survival rate of small firms in the food processing industries. Most such arrange- ments among food processors in Wisconsin have been used primarily for purchasing supplies, devel- oping brand names, and exchanging management in- formation. These arrangements have helped small, independent food processors gain the economies of large-scale operations, but economic opportunities suggest that the functions could profitably be expand- ed. The Flow of Funds in UE oS Firms, by Caleb A. Smith, Management Research Summary, 2 pp., processed, 1963. Small Business Administration, Washington, D.C. 20416. Presents: (1) flow-of- funds data for 151 firms over a 7-year period; (2) a discussion of the tables; and (3) illustrations of possible uses of the data, especially in counseling small businessmen. Only one-fourth of the firms studied had, during their year of greatest expansion, obtained half or more of the funds for plant and equipment from sales of stock and assumption of long-term liabilities. Less than 1 in 10 covered the whole expenditure from these sources. Investment Decision Making in Small Businesses, by Martin B. Solomon, Jr., Management Research Sum- mary, 4 pp., illus., processed. Small Business Ad- ministration, Washington, D.C. 20416, March 1962. Small businessmen can profitably give attention to three phases of investment decision making--plan- ning, search, and choice. The report deals mainly with the search for and choice of investment oppor- tunities. The purpose of the study was to determine what procedures will help the small businessman make sound decisions about the investment of his company's funds. Conclusions are based primarily on a study of the investment decisions of 40 small business firms. Marketing Through Food Brokers, by Frank Johnson, Management Research Summary, 2 pp., processed. Small Business Administration, Washington, D.C. 20416. Brokers, operating in one specific locale, can often develop more effective selling relations than company sales representatives. When selecting new companies to represent, brokers seek those whose products can be worked into the existing sales structure and not conflict with products already being handled. The greater part of a broker's busi- ness comes from his top four lines. Total commis- sions tend to be proportional to the number of com- panies represented. 106 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 25, No. 12 Operations Research in Small Business, by N. Paul Loomba, Albert Buckberg, and Bob R. Holdren, Management Research Summary, 2 pp., processed, 1963. Small Business Administration, Washington, D.C. 20416. Emphasis on a "'systems'' approach is perhaps the most important contribution of opera- tions research to small business. The systems ap- proach gives an executive information he can use in making decisions that involve conflicting objectives. Small firms can use the operations research ap- proach and methods without incurring prohibitive costs. However, some of the applications of opera- tions research, such as setting inventory policy, are complicated and may be too expensive for small companies. Pointers on Raw Materials Inventory Control, by David Schneider, Management Aid-No. 155, 4 pp., processed. Small Business Administration, Wash- ington, D.C. 20416. Raw materials represent a major part of the investment in many small plants. Proper inventory control can help owner-managers to increase the return on that investment. Proper inventory control involves the procurement, care, and disposition of materials. It helps to keepstocks moving through the plant and thus prevents investing money in unnecessary stocks. This leaflet discusses steps that can be used in setting up inventory control or in checking an existing control system. Suggests several kinds of records that may be used to control inventory efficiently in small plants. Puerto Rican Manufacturing--Local and Nonlocal Ownership, by Amadeo I. D. Francis, Management Research Summary, 2 pp., processed. Small Busi- ness Administration, Washington, D.C. 20416, 1963. In number and in production totals, nonlocally owned manufacturing firms in Puerto Rico grew much faster between 1954 and 1958 than did locally owned firms. Nevertheless, shipments within the Common- wealth by locally controlled firms expanded by $78 million during the 4-year period. The growth in sales within Puerto Rico by nonlocally owned firms was accomplished primarily by competing with im- ports--that is, replacement of imports by produc- tion in the Commonwealth itself. Redistribution of Trade in Population Shifts, by Sur- inder K. Mehta, Management Research Summary, 4 pp., processed. Small Business Administration, Washington, D.C. 20416, Suburbanization of retail establishments and sales has accompanied subur- banization of population in Rhode Island, according to the report. In general, the advantages of older retail trade centers in volume of sales per estab- lishment and per capita sales have lessened. It was found, however, that per capita sales in Providence were still relatively very high. Redistribution of population seems to have had little or no effect on the distribution of wholesale sales, or on volume of sales per establishment in the various communities. There was some effect, however, on the distribution of wholesale establishments. The suburbanization of population seems to have had some effect on the distribution of the service trades but the effect varied considerably by type of service trade activity. A Study of Retailer Survival, by Elizabeth Y. Deran, Management Research Summary, 2 pp., processed, 1963. Small Business Administration, Washington, D.C. 20416. A summary of a study on how success- ful small retail firms differ from less successful and failing firms. The most successful firms were more likely to pursue a vigorous merchandising pol- icy, consult outside accountants, post records daily, and use operating ratios than the less successful firms. A larger percent of the successful owners had prior managerial experience in the same or re- lated lines. The less successful firms had more problems due to neighborhood changes, personal af- fairs, chainstore competition, or excessive customer credit. SPOILAGE: "Bacteriology of Spoilage of Fish Muscle. I--Sterile Press Juice as a Suitable Experimental Medium" by Peter Lerke, Ralph Adams, and Lionel Farber, ar- ticle, Applied Microbiology, vol. 11, no. 5, Septem- ber 1963, pp. 458-462, illus., printed, single copy $3. The Williams and Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore 2, Md. SQUID: "Polysaccharides from the Liver,of the Squid Ommas- trephens Sloani pacifus,'' by Eugene Rosenberg and Stephen Zamenhof, article, Journal of Biochemistry, vol. 51, no. 4, 1962, pp. 274-276, printed. Editorial Board Dept. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo University, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, Japan. STERN TRAWLERS: "German Designers Discuss Stern Trawlers," article, World Fishing, vol. 10, no. 12, 1961, p. 60, printed. John Trundell and Partners Ltd., St. Richards House, Eversholt St., London NW1, England. TRAWLING: "Ob Optimal'nykh Skorostiakh Tralieniia'' (On Opti- mum Trawling Speeds), by V. N. Chestnoi, article, Rybnoe Khoziastvo, vol. 37, no. 7, 1961, pp. 43-49, Gee printed in Russian. VNIRO Glavniproekta, pri Gosplanie SSSR, Moscow, U.S.S.R. TROUT: Studies of Two Races of Cutthroat Trout in Northern Idaho, by Robert GC. Averett, 58 pp., illus., printed. Idaho Fisheries Division, Moscow, Idaho, 1962. UNDERWATER TELEVISION: "Underwater Television Observations of Haddock (Melanogramma aeglefinus--Linneas) in the Codend," by R. Livingstone, Jr., article, Journal du Conseil, vol. 27, 1962, pp. 43-48, illus., printed. “Conseil Per- manent International pour 1'Exploration de la Mer, Charlottenlund-Slot, Denmark. UNITED KINGDOM: "Las Conservas de Pescado en el Mercado Ingles" (Canned Fish in the English Market), by Alevin, ar- ticle, Industria Conservera, vol. XXIX, no. 287, May 1963, p. 119, printed in Spanish, Union de Fabrican- tes de Conservas de Galicia, Calle Marques de Val- ladares, 41, Vigo, Spain. WG EE SEES Complete Mechanization and Automation in the Fish Industry--An Urgent Task, by A.A. Ishkov, OTS 63-21606, 20 pp., illus., processed, 50 cents. (Trans - lated from the Russian, Rybnoe Khoziaistvo, no. 2, 1963, pp. 3-9.) Office of Technical Services, U.S. December 1963 Department of Commerce, Ohio Dr. and Indepen- dence Ave. SW., Washington 25, D.C. Problems of Fishing Industry Development, by A. Tshkov, OT: -21330, 8 pp., printed. (Translated from the Russian, Pravda, January 28, 1963, p. 2.) Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Ohio Dr. and Independence Ave. SW., Washington 25, D.C., March 15, 1963. Translations from Rybnoye Khozyaystvo (Fishing In- ustry), No. 2, 1962, , 29 pp., printed, Office of Technical Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Ohio Dr. and Independence Ave. SW., Washington 25, D.C., June 10, 1963. VITAMINS: "Biological Activity of Vitamin A in Fish Liver Oil," by H. Baba, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 57, October 29, 1962, 11626a, printed. The American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, D.C. "Vitamin B; Content in Freeze-Dried Fish, by E.S. Tkachenko, article, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 57, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW cents. 107 July 23, 1962, 2630g, printed. The American Chem- ical Society, 1155 16th St. NW., Washington 6, D.C. WHALES: "Analysis of Samples of Ambergris," by A. D. Baynes- Cope, article, Nature, vol. 193, 1962, pp. 978-979, illus., printed. St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Ave., New York 10, N.Y. YUGOSLAVIA: The Balkan Lake Ohrid and Its Living World, by Sinisa ~ Stankovic, Monographiae Biologicae, vol. IX, 357 pp., illus., printed, 1960. Uitgeverij Dr. W. Junk, The Hague, Netherlands. "Aus den Fischereiinstituten Bericht uber einen Stu- dienaufenthalt im Institut za Oceanografiju i Rib- arstvo, Split (Jugoslawien)'' (On Fishery Institutes; Report on a Study Trip to the Institute of Oceano- graphy and Fisheries, Split, Yugoslavia), by H. Jahnichen, No. 215, 4 pp., illus., printed in German. (Reprinted from Deutsche Fischerei-Zeitung, vol. 10, no. 3, 1963, pp. 92-95.) Uberreicht vom Institut fur Fischereiwesen, der Humboldt-Universitat zu Ber- ‘lin, Josef-Nawrocki-Strasse 7, Berlin-Friedrichs- hagen, Germany. NEW ENGLAND GROUNDFISH v Oe v, vy Vy HADDOCK OCEAN PERCH Wa COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW- Vol. 25, No. 12 108 wee WARES des AYA pies THE BUREAU OF = SPORT FISHERIES AND W/L DLIFE RECREATION PROVIDED BY THIS BUREAU 7/5 NOT “SPORT FOR SPORT'S SAKE,” BUT A WAY OF NECESSARY RELAXATION € WHOSE AND RESPITE FOR A PEOPLE Wi ‘K HAS SHIFTED SO LARGELY FROM WOR! PHYSICAL TO MENTAL EFFORT. THE SERVICE ‘ 1S COMPOSED we OF TWO THE BUREAU OF BUREAUS COMMERCIAL F/GHERIES THis BUREAU 1S PLEDGED TO STRENGTHEN AND MAINTAIN AVIGOROUS FISHING INDUSTRY. OF THE 24 MILLION TONS OF FISH CAUGHT ANNUALLY — INDUSTRY TAKES ./2 MILLION TONS, FOOD, /.20 MILLION TONS, AND AGRICULTURE, (-/8 MILLION TONS. 5O MILLION AMERICANS HUNT OR FISH EACH YEAR. OTHER MILLIONS ENJOY WATCHING OR_PHOTOGRAPH- ING OUR WILDLIFE and RECREATION THE WORK OF THE FISH and WILDLIFE SERVICE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ———¥ AS_IN FARMING EACH ACRE OF => WILOLIFE LAND OR WATER MUST 4, PRODUCE MORE © BENEFITS FOR 3 MORE SPECIES- THE SEA MUST. PRODUCE MORE. RESEARCH HAS FOUN! NEW MGTHODS OF FISHING — 4 MAJOR PROBLEM EaciyG THE NATION 18 THE conso.Lip. ON OE USE sen age WILDLIFE RESOURCES Wity 7HE CHANGING COMBINATIONS OF LAND AND WATER, ayy TOMEET THE CHALLENG g OF DEVELOPING THE Foon POTENTIAL OF THE LAKES AND OCEANS. 70 THAT TASK, THE FISH AND : Is sesicdten. eee RNMENT LABORATORIES GR Gove! BRE FINDING BETTER WAYS OF USING PROTEINS FROM FISH AND FISH PRODII“TS” ARI FO®. FISH AND WILD- LIFE ~ BUT ALSO HUGE OUTDOOR WILD- LIFE LABORATORIES- RATIONAL MANAGEMENT OF THE ALASKAN FUR SEALS HAS INCREASED THEM. FROM 130,000 ANIMALS: TO 1s MILLION, YIELDING THOUSANDS OF SEAL SKINS EACH YEAR PESTICIDE RESEARCH WILL GIVE THE FARM- ER THE PROTECTION DANGERING- \ FISH AND \. WILDLIFE: WITH PROPER PLANNING ~ FISH AND WILDLIFE ARE ASSURED SUITABLE HOMES: IN WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS | conse RVATION HAS GONE “[O SEA. THE WORLD HAS AWAKENED TO ‘THE IMPORTANCE OF THIS GREAT UN- DEVELOPED AREA. AS MAN LEARNS MORE ABOUT THE OCEAN, THE CLOSER HE COMES TO HIS WHEN HIGH DAMS ON BIG RIVERS: THREATEN OR DESTROY SPAWNING EAS OR FISH MIGRATIONS UTHE GOAL OF "FARMING THE GEA’ —RAIBING ERVICE POLICY 15 TO IMPRi HIS FOOD INSTEAD OF HUNTING FGA IT. AMERICA BELONGS TO NINE INTER- NATIONAL COMMISSIONS DEALING WITH THE PRODUCE OF THE SEA- THE REMAINING HABITAT AND TO STOCK THE STREAMS ~ THE MANAGEMENT OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF —. LAND AND WATER PROJECTS 4S, ARE A *PACKAGE DEAL,” AND MUST BE SO CON- SIDERED.’ THE POPULAR FARM. PONDS HAVE INCREASED THEIR PRODUCTION — DUE TO INTENSIFIED RESEARCH. d COMMERCIAL BLU IEu FISHERIES (cu Gun Ji 4 LH4YYEBX Fishes INDEX for 1963 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Washington, D.C. UNITED STATES BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD L. MCKERNAN, DIRECTOR Uren An anager enieel DIVISION OF RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE RALPH C. BAKER, ASST. DIRECTOR CLARENCE F. PAUTZKE, COMMISSIONER A review of developments and news of the fishery industries prepared in the BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES. Joseph Pileggi, Editor G.A. Albano and H. Beasley, Assistant Editors Address correspondence and requests to the: Chief, Fishery Market News Service, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, 1815 North Fort Myer Drive, Room 510, Arlington, Va. 22209. Publication of material from sources outside the Bureau is not an endorsement. The Bureau is not responsible for the accuracy of facts, views, or opinions contained in material from outside sources. Although the contents of the publication have not been copyrighted and may be reprinted freely, reference to the source is appreciated. Use of funds for printing this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, May 1, 1963. 5/31/68 An index of Volume 25, Numbers 1 through 12, issued in 1963, It is a subject index, with an author index for only the feature articles in each monthly issue. Indexing of other mater- ial is based on the principal subject with some cross-reference, The use of " "in en- tries denotes the omission (repetition) of the major subject heading which appears inALL CAPS. Actions in Congress affecting or of interest to commercial fisheries are indexed only once by subject under the general heading: ''CONGRESS, EIGHTY-EIGHTH (First Session)", i.e., there is no cross-reference indexing of those entries. Publications listed in the ''Recent Fishery Publications'' section have not been indexed, Back issues of Volume 25, Numbers 1 through 12, are still available until the supply is exhausted. Copies are available free upon request from the Fishery Market News Service, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, 1815 No. Fort Myer Dr., Rm. 510, Arlington, Virginia 22209. 1963 Index COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1 INDEX TO VOLUME 25 (NUMBERS 1 - 12 INCLUSIVE)--1963 The reference gives the month and the page number, ABALONE Australian exports to Hong Kong planned; Apr. p. 39. California observations and growth studies con- ducted by M/V '"'N.B. Scofield" and M/V "Mollusk;'' Nov. p. 24. ACCELERATED PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAM California, fishery projects under considered in; May p. 18. ADEN PROTECTORATE Fisheries developments, Mukalla is center of; June p. 60. Lobster, spiny, fishing and marketing agreement reached; May p. 55. Tuna, yellowfin, availability demonstrated by ex- ploratory fishing; May p. 56. ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON MARINE RESOURCES RESEARCH Meeting, first, of Food and Agriculture Organiza- tion ; Apr. p. 35. AGAR-AGAR Korean factories, production status of new; Feb, p. 79. AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT Fisheries aid grants to foreign countries, 1955- 1962; Sept. p. 104. India's fishery resources, U.S. firm to survey for investment opportunity; June p. 72. Korean frozen shrimp export industry, development of; Feb. p. 78. Loans, foreign currency; Jan. p. 121, July p. 106. Philippine Republic, ''Cooley' loan for fish cannery in the; July p. 92. AGE OF FISH Problems in determining ; Aug. p. 76. some progress on; AGRICULTURE, DEPARTMENT OF Farmers Home Administration: fish farmers and oyster planters now eligible for certain loans; Mar. p. 86. Fish consumption by food stamp and related low- income families; Jan. p. 17. Market promotion for tuna aided by Department of the Inierior; Aug. p. 54. and AIR PUMP Netherlands develops vessels; Dec. p. 73. for unloading fish from AIR SHIPMENTS Cargo , need for uniform bill of lading studied for; Mar. p. 86. AIRPLANE SPOTTING California pelagic fish population survey; Feb. p. 20, May p. 19, July p. 31, Aug. p. 19. Sept. p. 14, ALABAMA Landings, fisheries, 1961; Feb. p. 38. ALASKA Area Redevelopment Administration: Kodiak cold-storage firm awarded loan for plant expansion; May p. 90. Kodiak fishery research center, funds requested for; Sept. p. 13. Seldovia water facilities, loan and grant for; July Pecos Auke Bay Federal fisheries biological laboratory cooperates with state on research; Aug.p.15 Bering Sea: halibut catch in 1963; Aug. p. 14. patrol activities diminished; Dec. p. 12. Canned fishery products pack, 1962; July p. 28. Cannery at Yakutat has diversified operations; Aug. p. 15. Caviar, salmon, from 15 whee Crab: airborne shipments from Yakutat; Nov. p. 19. Dungeness: catch, Jan. -July 1963; Dec. p. 13. Metlakatla industry expands; Sept. p. 13. southeastern » new operation in; Feb. p. 15. Yakutat area good producer; Aug. p. 15. king: aquarium live display: Philadelphia; May p. 15. Seattle; Aug. p. 5. catch, Jan. -July 1963; Dec. p. 13. Cook Inlet catch at record level in 1962; Mar. Deploy drip studies show progress; Mar. p. 19. factoryships, Alaska firm will operate three; Mar. p. 19. Japanese vessels in Gulf of Aug. p. 95. Kodiak fishery light; July p. 29, Aug. p. 15. pack for 1963 promising; May p. 17. Soviet vessels fishing in Gulf of Sept..\p; (92), Dec..pp., 115 12° tags recovered in Shumagin Island area; Feb. shipped to Japan; Nov. ; June p. 20, ; Junep. 20, waela dt. US.S. R. fleet leaves Gulf of sept. p., 92, Dechy ip. luis vessels, ''Shishaldin'' is latest addition to 5 May p. 16. Tanner: markets promising; Mar. p. 18. processing, continued interest in; Aug. p. 15. Fish processing advice from U.S. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries Technological Laboratory at Ketchikan; Dec. p, 13. Fisheries course at Ketchikan, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and University of cooperate in presenting; May p. 18. Foreign fishing activities in Bering Sea and Gulf of ; June p. 20, July p. 30, Aug. p. 14, Oct. _p. 14, Nov. p. 18. Fresh fish purchases, restaurants and markets re- quired to report; Aug. p. 15. 2 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1963 Index ALASKA (cont. ) Fur seals: contract for the processing and sale of skins; Feb. p. 26, Apr, p. 80. prices for skins; June p. 24, Dec. p. 25. Halibut: fishing season in 1963, vessels prepare for early; June p. 21. landings, first, of 1963 season at Ketchikan; July p. 28, pneumatic header, cold-storage plant installs; July p. 28. Herring: abundance good in southeastern ; Feb. p. 15. bait fishery, May 1, 1963; July p. 28. roe-herring fishery, joint Japanese-Alaskan, pro- posed for Prince William Sound in 1963; May p. 16. Indian commercial fishing regulations in 5 June p. 96, Aug. p. 115, Japanese: fish plant in planned; Sept. p. 12. trawler to explore waters south of Peninsu- la; Mar. p. 78. Kenai, new fishery firm established in; Sept. p. 12. Kodiak fishery trends; Sept. p. 13, Oct. p. 15. Landings, 1961; Jan. p. 21. Rail-barge, new,between southeastern and British Columbia; Mar. p. 32, July p. 29,Sept. p. 46, Oct. p. 33. Regulations, fishing: Japanese fishermen not extradited for violation of; June p. 20. revisions issued by Department of Fish and Game; Mar. p. 18. S Salmon: Bristol Bay: forecast for 1963 season; May p. 16. summary of 1963 season; Oct. p, 15. canned; pack in 1963; Nov. p. 19, Dec. p. 13. promotional campaign proposed; May p. 16. southeastern has disappointing season in 1963; Dec. p. 13, chum: Japanese firm shows interest in purchasing; June p. 21, survival good over winter at Olsen Bay; July p. 29. color study at Ketchikan technological research laboratory; July p. 30. Indian Affairs, Bureau of, study planned on south- east canneries; Mar. p. 18. king: gill-net season opens at Taku Inlet; July p, 28. Kodiak Island, new fishway opens large spawning area on; Dec. p. 14. migration distances, record, revealed in Yukon River studies; Feb, p. 17. pink: egg loss in Olsen Bay high from overspawning; Bebop. 17. egg losses in Little Port Walter; Feb. p. 16, survival good over winter at Olsen Bay; July p. 29. prices, fishermen demand higher; Sept. p. 13. Prince William Sound forecast for 1963; May p. 16. ALASKA Salmon: red: streams, experiments to influence choice of home; Feb. p. 17. Ugashik smolts highest on record; Sept. p. 14. Scallop distribution ang abundance studies in Gulf of .; June p. 22, Aug. p. 16. Sea lion pup skins, processed,may have commercial value; July p. 31. Shellfish; color study at Ketchikan technological research laboratory; July p. 30. processing firm, new, plans to operate in Juneau area; Dec. p. 14. Shrimp: packing operations; Nov. p. 19, Dec. p. 14. processing plant, new, in Kodiak; May p. 17. Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, U.S. Bureau of, regional office closes in reorganization; Aug. p. 115, Territorial waters: regulations, emergency, issued by to pro- hibit aliens from fishing in; Nov. p. 18. violation protested; Nov. p. 18. Training course for fishermen proposed in Ketchi- kan; Nov. p. 18. ALASKA FISHERIES EXPLORATION AND GEAR RESEARCH Scallops distribution studies in Gulf of Alaska ("John R. Manning"); June p. 22, Aug. p. 16. Shrimp distribution studies in Gulf of Alaska (M/V "Yaquina''); June p. 22, Oct. p. 15, Nov. p. 20. Southeastern Alaska distribution of potentially valuable stocks of fish and shellfish studied (M/V "Yaquina" cruise 62-3); Jan. p. 22. ALASKA FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS Crab: king; commercial-size males scarce on Albatross and Portlock Banks; Dec. p. 15. tag recoveries; Feb. p. 17, May p. 17. Oceanography: research vessel ''Murre II" outfitted; Feb. p. 16, July p. 29. sampling cruise by ''Murre II'' in Taku Inlet; May, Demlite studies in Oct. 1962; Jan. p. 23. Oxygen, low water in southeastern Alaska streams have different effects on dissolved; Nov. p. 21. Plankton; Auke Bay, increases in; May p. 17, Aug. p. 18. Salmon: Bristol Bay fry and smolt migrations favorable; Aug. p. 18. chum egg survival from 1962 spawning encourag- ing; June p. 21, migration distances, record, revealed in Yukon River studies; Feb. p. 17. pink: Chatham Strait juveniles move towards ocean in large concentration; Dec. p. 16. egg mortality from overspawning; Feb. pp. 16,17, Mar, p. 19. egg survival from 1962 spawning encouraging; June p, 21. 1963 Index ALASKA FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS (cont. ) Salmon (cont, ): pink (cont. ): eggs warmed by intertidal action; Aug. p. 17. growth affected by salt-water temperatures; Oct: p. 16; Olsen Bay spawning channel to be improved; June p. 21. races, evidence of separate intertidal; Aug. p. 17. southeastern Alaska run shows unexpected ocean mortality; Dec. p. 16. studies in Oct. 1962; Jan. p. 23. red: Auke Lake adult run good; Oct. p. 16. Brooks Station ecology studies, Sept. 1963; Dec. p. 15. Karluk River: escapement high in 1963; Dec. p. 15. races in tributaries shown by fecundity differ- ences; Mar. p. 19. run moves slowly; Nov. p. 21. Naknek smolts highest on record; Oct, p. 15. smolts' age related to location of spawning; Mar. 15 eS streams, experiments to influence choice of home; Feb. p. 17. studies in Oct. 1962; Jan. p. 23. Shrimp sampling, initial, in Cook Inlet successful; May p. 18. Studies conducted Nov. -Dec, 1962; Feb. p. 16. Warm-ocean fish appear off Alaska; Dec. p. 16. "ALBATROSS Iv" Vessel , new fishery-oceanographic research, visits Nation's Capital; Sept. p. 50. ALGAE Pollution, secondary, leads to concentrations causing oxygen deficiencies and fish losses in Potomac River; Sept. p. 43. Soviet research expedition to study Mar. p. 84. in Pacific; ALGERIA Fisheries office established; Oct. p. 44. AMERICAN FISHERIES ADVISORY COMMITTEE Estuaries protection recommended by ; Aug. p. 18. Interior Secretary appoints four to committee; Jan, p. 23, Meeting, June 1963; Aug. p. 18. World fisheries competition, Committee asks effort to meet; Feb. p. 18. AMERICAN SAMOA Tuna: cannery, second, completion date delayed; Aug. p. 18. Japanese vessels, production quota for; Jan. p. 97, May p. 70. 5 Japanese vessels report lower catch ratio at ; July p. 79. Korean vessels, more, fish out of ; Dec, p. 16. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY, INC, Annual meeting; July p. 48. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 3 ANCHOVIES Oil, changes in import tariff schedules proposed for; Apr. p. 82. Peru: fishermen's strike unsettled as of Mar. 1, 1963; May p. 82. landings, 1961; Mar. p. 80. ANGOLA Fisheries trends; June p. 60, Nov. p. 54. Fish meal: exports and production; Jan. p. 66, Mar. p. 39, Apr. p. 33, May p. 52. Japanese operation off Oct. p. 44, to be discontinued; ANIMAL FEEDING OR NUTRITION (see NUTRITION) ANTARCTIC Whaling: Japanese fleets attain one-third of quota by Jan. 26; Apr. p. 62. Norway to send four expeditions to in 1963/64 season; Oct. p. 63. Soviet fleet preparing for season; Nov. p.85. ANTIBIOTIC ICE United Kingdom: quality of fish landed improves with ; June p. 93. trawlers experiment with to preserve catch; Apr. p. 78. ANTIOXIDANT Rancidity of fish oil slowed by addition of phospho- lipids to ; Feb. p. 39. Salmon, frozen, in; Jan, p. 48. tested to prevent rancidity AQUARIUM National : Hains Point Site recommended for; July p, 45. plans emphasize research and educational role; Mar. p. 26, National Fisheries Center, Assistant Director appointed for; Nov. p. 88. AQUATIC SCIENCE Fellowship program, universities invited to parti- cipate in; Dec. p. 17. AREA REDEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION (see COMMERCE, DEPARTMENT OF ) ARGENTINA Fishing industry plans modernization; Sept. p. 57. Fish meal and oil production and exports, 1961- 1962; Dec. p. 54. Landings by offshore fishing fleet higher in 1962; Nov. p, 54. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS Drawbridges on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, pro- posed revision by of Federal Regulations concerning the operation of; Nov. p. 86. ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF Smithsonian Institution awarded seabird-plankton- oceanography relationships study contract; Sept. 4 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW ARTIFICIAL REEFS Florida's 3; Mar. p. 115. Marine fish, evaluation needed of effectiveness of to attract; Jan. outside back cover. ATLANTIC COAST Soviet fishing activities off June p. 92. » Mar, -Apr. 1963; ATLANTIC OCEAN Countercurrent, deep equatorial, discovered in ; Nov. p. 41. Hake, Japanese trawlers may fish for; Oct. p. 56. Japan: fishery trends; Sept. p. 77. - stern trawlers for fishery; Nov. p. 69, Dec. p. 69. trawl fishery trends, Apr. 1963; June p. 74, Nov. p. 68. Northwest Japan: trawler fishes from St. Pierre base; Jan. p, 101. trawler operations in ; Jan. p. 101, Aug, Pp. 96° Soviet fishing fleet in » Aug. -Sept. 1963; Nov. p. 84. Oceanographic studies in equatorial ; Sept. p. 46, - Salmon runs in north ; July p, 134, Temperature survey of mid-Atlantic shelf, air- borne infrared radiometer used in monthly; July p. 48. Tuna: big-eyed, Japanese catch higher in Sept. 1963; Nov. p. 65, explorations in North Aug. p. 36. Japanese fishery trends; Jan. p. 98, July p. 79. oceanographic studies; Sept. p. 46, by M/V "Delaware"; ATLANTIC STATES MARINE FISHERIES COMMIS- SION Fishing limits resolution calling for 12 mile limit adopted; Dec. p. 17. Groundfish abundance on New England fishing banks in 1963 forecast by ; June p. 25, ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION Irradiated fishery products, another market re- search study of; Oct. p. 26. Irradiation laboratory built at Gloucester, Mass., for ; Sept. p. 33. Irradiation preservation: Fishery products research supported by ; Feb. p. 43, Oct. p. 26. AUSTRALIA Abalone exports to Hong Kong planned; Apr. p. 39. Canned fish duties increased temporarily; Dec. p. 54., Exports of marine products, fiscal year 1961/62; May p. 58. Fisheries aid proposed by Government; Feb. p. 63, Fish freezing plant on Norfolk Island proposed; Apr. p. 40. Imports of marine products, fiscal year 1961/62; May p. 58, Landings of fish and shellfish, fiscal year 1960/61 and 1961/62; Mar. p. 44, May p. 59. 1963 Index AUSTRALIA Lobster, spiny: exports and landings, fiscal year 1962/63; Dec. p. 94. fishery management recommendations adopted; Apr. p. 40. regulations for Western Australia fishery amended; Nov. p. 55. resource decline, marine biologist warns of; Aug. p. 79. Oceanographic data center to be established; June jah Wil, Sardines and pilchards, canned, market for; Dec. p. 56. Scallop landings in Tasmania set new record in 1962; Apr. p. 42, Shrimp: exports up sharply in fiscal year 1962/63; Dec. Pp. 96. Gulf of Carpentaria survey; Apr. p. 41, Dec. p.55.. Japanese buying from 5S NOVe) Ds oe Shark Bay fishery being developed; Apr. p. 40, Sept. p. 58. Western processors survey United States market; Apr. p. 41. Squid, California frozen type successfully intro- duced in ; July p. 69. Tuna and Australian salmon research aided by tagging; Apr. p. 39. Tuna; bluefin survey off western p. 58, canned import duties increased; Dec. p. 54. fishery in deep-water being studied, development of a; Aug. p. 80. fishery trends, Jan. 1963; May p. 59. freezing and canning venture planned; Apr. p. 39. Japanese methods, team to study; Oct. p. 44. resumed; Sept. South fishery trends, 1963; Nov. p. 56, Decsspimoi. Western survey; Mar. p. 45. yellowfin, [ong line used to catch fish off New South Wales; Oct. p. 45. Whaling: Carnarvon station closes; Nov. p56. oil: industry trends, fiscal year 1962/63; Aug. p. 80. supply and distribution, fiscal years 1959/60- 1962/63; Aug. p. 80. sperm species resource survey, funds allocated for; Mar. p. 45. AUSTRIA Import regulations on some fishery products liber- alized; Jan, p. 79. Preserved fish, drops requirement of certi- ficate of origin for imports of; Jan. p. 79. Sardines in olive oil, canned, import duty tempor- arily waived; Jan. p. 79. Smoked fish, drops requirement of certifi- cate of origin for imports of; Jan. p. 79. AUTHORS AND TITLES ABERNETHY, ROBERT K, (and Charles F. Lee, George M. Knobl, Jr., and Emmett F, Deady): Mechanizing the Blue Crab Industry Part II - Measures for Immediate Relief Through Worker Specialization; Aug. p. 1. 1963 Index AUTHORS AND TITLES (cont. ) ALLEN, KEVIN J, (and Edward H. Cohen): New Whiting Products Tested at University of Massachusetts Annual School-Lunch Conference; Sept. p. 1. ALVERSON, D.L. (and C. R. Hitz): Bottom Fish Survey off the Oregon Coast, Apr.- June 1961; June p. 1. AMBROSE, MARY E, (and Charles F. Lee): Accuracy of the Official Method for Determining Breading Percentage of Frozen Raw Breaded Shrimp; June p. 8. BRIGHAM, ROBERT K, (and Albert C. Jensen): Line-Trawl Fishery for Cod and Haddock at Chatham, Mass., The; June p. 14, BROOKER, J.R.: Five Years of Voluntary Fishery Products Inspec- tion; Nov. p. 11. BROOKS, THOMAS M, (and Rudolph E. De Pass): Fish Consumption by Food Stamp and Related Low- Income Families; Jan. p, 17. COHEN, EDWARD H, (and Kevin J. Allen): New Whiting Products Tested at University of Massachusetts Annual School-Lunch Conference; Sept. p. 1. _ DAVIS, HARRY C., (and Victor L. Loosanoff): Shellfish Hatcheries and Their Future; Jan. p. 1. DEADY, EMMETT F, (and Charles F. Lee and George M. Knobl, Jr.): Mechanizing the Blue Crab Industry. PartI - Survey of Processing Plants; July p. 1. DEADY, EMMETT F, (and Charles F, Lee, George M. Knobl, Jr., and Robert K. Abernethy): Mechanizing the Blue-Crab. Industry. Part II - Measures for Immediate Relief Through Worker Specialization; Aug. p. 1. DE PASS, RUDOLPH E, (and Thomas M. Brooks): Fish Consumption by Food Stamp and Related Low-Income Families; Jan. p.17. DOHERTY, RICHARD M., (and George P. Draheim, Donald J. White, and Charles L. Vaughn): Sea Scallop Industry of Canada; July p. 11. DOW, ROBERT L.: Fluctuations in Maine Shrimp Landings; Apr. p. 5. DRAHEIM, GEORGE P., (and Richard M. Doherty, Donald J. White, and Charles L. Vaughn): Sea Scallop Industry of Canada; July p. 11. DYER, JOHN A,: Present and Future Market for Fish Oil; May p. 12. FLITTNER, GLENN A,: Review of the 1962 Seasonal Movement of Albacore Tuna off the Pacific Coast of the United States; Apr. p. 7. FRENCH, ROBERT R,: Activation of U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- eries Research Vessel ''George B. Kelez"; Aug. p. 6. GORDON, WILLIAM @G, : Trawling Survey of Southern Lake Michigan (Aug. - Nov. 1960), A; Feb. p. 1. HITZ, C. R. (and D.L. Alverson): Bottom Fish Survey off the Oregon Coast, Apr. - June 1961; June p. 1. ISAACSON, PETER A.: Length-Weight Relationship and Stomach Contents of the Swellfish (Spheroides maculatus) in the York River, Virginia; Sept. p. 5. Modifications of Chesapeake Bay Commercial Crab Pot; Jan. p. 12, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 5 AUTHORS AND TITLES JENSEN, ALBERT C, (and Robert K. Brigham): The Line-Trawl Fishery for Cod and Haddock at Chatham, Mass.; June p, 14. KNOBL, GEORGE M., JR. (and Charles F. Lee and Emmett F. Deady): Mechanizing the Blue Crab Industry. Part I - Survey of Processing Plants; July p. 1. KNOBL, GEORGE M., JR. (and Charles F. Lee, Robert K, Abernethy, and Emmett F. Deady): Mechanizing the Blue Crab Industry. Part II - Measures for Immediate Relief Through Worker Specialization; Aug. p. 1. LARKINS, HERBERT A.: Comparison of Salmon Catches in Monofilament and Multifilament Gill Nets; May p. 1. LEE, CHARLES F, (and F, Bruce Sanford): Handling and Packing of Frozen Breaded Shrimp and Individually Frozen Peeled and Deveined Shrimp; Nov. p. l. Oyster Industry of Chesapeake Bay, South Atlantic, and Gulf of Mexico; Mar. p. 8. LEE, CHARLES F, (and F. Bruce Sanford and Travis D. Love): Gulf States Shrimp Canning Industry; Feb. p. 1. LEE, CHARLES F, (and George M. Knobl, Jr. and Emmett F. Deady): Mechanizing the Blue Crab Industry, Part I - Survey of Processing Plants; July p. 1. LEE, CHARLES F, (and George M. Knobl, Jr., Robert K. Abernethy, and Emmett F. Deady): Mechanizing the Blue Crab Industry. Part II - Measures for Immediate Relief Through Worker Specialization; Aug. p. 1. LEE, CHARLES F, (and Mary E. Ambrose): Accuracy of the Official Method for Determining Breading Percentage of Frozen Raw Breaded Shrimp; June p. 8. LOOSANOFF, VICTOR L, (and Harry C. Davis): Shellfish Hatcheries and Their Future; Jan. p. 1. LOVE, TRAVIS D, (and F. Bruce Sanford and Charles F, Lee): Gulf States Shrimp Canning Industry; Feb. p. 1. MCNEELY, RICHARD L.,: Development of the ''John N. Cobb" Pelagic Trawl--A Progress Report; July p. 17. NELSON, RICHARD W.: Storage Life of Individually Frozen Pacific Oyster Meats Glazed with Plain Water or with Solutions of Ascorbic Acid or Corn Syrup Solids; Apr. p.1. ODLAND, E. (and E. R. Pariser): MIT-UNICEF Studies on the Production of Fish Protein Concentrate for Human Consumption; Octisp. 6. PARISER, E. R. (and E. Odland): MIT-UNICEF Studies on the Production of Fish Protein Concentrate for Human Consumption; Octaip iG: PATASHNIK, MAX: Net-Weight Determination for Frozen Glazed Fish; Octanpyalr PEREYRA, WALTER T.: Scope Ratio-Depth Relationships for Beam Trawl, Shrimp Trawl, and Otter Trawl; Dec. p. 7. ROCKWELL, JULIUS, JR.: An Electromechanical Fishing and Counting Fence Used in Ireland; Dec. p. 1. 6 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW AUTHORS AND TITLES (cont. ) RONHOLT, LAEL L,: Light Box for Photographing Fish and Inverte- brates at Sea, Equipment Note No. 14; Sept. p.8. SANFORD, F. BRUCE (and Charles F. Lee): Handling and Packing of Frozen Breaded Shrimp and Individually Frozen Peeled and Deveined Shrimp; Nov. p. 1. Oyster Industry of Chesapeake Bay, South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico; Mar. p. 8. SANFORD, F. BRUCE (and Charles F., Lee and Travis D. Love): Gulf States Shrimp Canning Industry; Feb. p. 1. VAUGHN, CHARLES L, (and Richard M. Doherty, Donald J. White, and George P. Draheim): Sea Scallop Industry of Canada; July p. 11. WHITE, DONALD J. (and Richard M. Doherty, George P. Draheim, and Charles L. Vaughn): Sea Scallop Industry of Canada; July p. 11. WINCHESTER, CLARENCE F.: Present and Future Factors That May Influence Fish Meal Demand; Mar, p. 1. AUTOMATIC DATA PROCESSING World Oceanographic Data Display System; Dec. p. 41. BAHAMAS Territorial waters and adjacent shelf, Government of the announces jurisdiction over; Dec. p. 57. BAIT Herring July p. Newfoundland service vessel for let for new; Mar. p. 51. fishery in Alaska, May 1, 1963; » contract BAIT SHRIMP (see SHRIMP) BAJA CALIFORNIA Tuna, albacore and bluefin, catch forecast for area; July p. 54. BARBADOS Fishing industry trends, 1962; July p. 69. BAY OF BENGAL Pakistan to build fish harbor on ; Feb. p. 84. BELGIUM Filleting machine developed for herring and pilchard; Feb. p. 63. Imports of fishery products, effect of EEC policies on; Apr. p. 42. BELGIUM-LUXEMBOURG Marine oil stocks and foreign trade, 1962; July p. 69. BERING SEA Bottomfish: Japan: : factoryship operations, 1962; Feb. p. 75. Fisheries Agency issues licenses for fishery fleet; May p. 74. fishery may be curtailed in ; Dec. p. 65. fishing fleets report poor fishing; Oct. p. 55. landings, 1961-62, Mar. p. 76. 1963 Index BERING SEA Bottomfish: Japan: mothership association fishing plans in "northern waters" for 1963; Mar. p. 76. operations in may be reorganized; Nov. p. 69. production as of mid-Sept. 1963; Nov. p. 69. regulations in for 1963 announced; May p. 57. Fish meal: Japan: factoryships in eastern May p. 74. factoryship to operate in firm requests permit for p. 70. , targets for, 1963; ; June p. 81. operation; Nov. Foreign fishing activities in and Gulf of Alaska; July p. 30. Halibut: conservation recommendations for eastern 5 Mar. p. 42, Japan: eastern , fishing in; Mar. pp. 23, 87, May pp. 74, 91, June p. 62. research to include halibut and other bottomfish; May p. 74. Japanese. and Soviet fishing eastern North Pacific and » first half 1963; Sept. p. 97. Japan: fisheries trends, Oct. 1963; Dec. p. 65. herring fishery trends, Aug. 1963; Nov. p. 71. operations during 1963, fishing company comments on; Sept. p. 74. King crab:| Japan: fall fishing in eastern ends; Jan, p. 105. regulations announced for 1963; Apr. p. 58. Soviet mothership fishing fleets in , 1963; June p. 92. Sablefish tagged in Washington State recovered in by Japanese vessels; Mar. p. 31. U.S.S-R.: deep-water fishing in fishing in North Pacific and Aug. p. 112, Dec. p. 84. floating cannery (new) active in North Pacific and planned; Dec. p. 84. ; July p. 94, ; Dec. p. 84. flounder stocks surveyed in southeastern 8 June p. 92, BILLFISH Species, new(Tetrapturus pfluegeri), identified; Aug. p. 53. BIOLOGISTS Employment opportunities with California Depart- ment of Fish and Game; Aug. p. 64. BONITO World catch of tuna, ,» and mackerel was up in 1961; Jan. p. 77. BOSTON FISH PIER Fish unloading, de-icing, and weighing equipment retested at ; Aug. p. 61. 1963 Index BOTTOMFISH Bering Sea: Japan: factoryship operations, 1962; Feb. p. 75. Fisheries Agency issues licenses for fishery fleet; May p. 74. fishery may be curtailed; Dec. p. 65. fishing fleets report poor fishing in; Oct. p. 55. landings 1961-62; Mar. p. 76, operations may be reorganized; Nov. p. 69. production as of mid-Sept. 1963; Nov. p. 69. regulations for 1963 announced; May p. 57. research to include halibut and other 3 May p. 74. California survey by M/V "'N.B. Scofield"; Feb. p. 20. Japan: fisheries and licensing policies designated; Apr. p. 59. mothership association fishing plans in "northern waters" for 1963; Mar. p. 76. New England, abundance forecast for 1963; Feb. p. 43. Oregon: regulations on shrimp and Feb. p. 46. survey off coast, Apr. -June 1961; June p. 1. South America, northeast coast of, surveyed for shrimp and by M/V "Oregon"; June Pp. 25. Spawning and development in North Atlantic to be studied; June p. 58. U.S. vessels urged to comply with International Regulations; June p. 47. fishing for 1963; BRAZIL Cod, dry-salted, Norway protests discriminatory treatment by on imports of; Aug. p. 102. Fisheries trends in Recife area, July-Dec. 1962; Apr. p. 43. Fisheries trends in southern Apr. p. 43. Fishery cooperative, new, State; June p. 61. Fishery developments, 1963; Oct. p. 45, Nov. p. 57. Foreign trade in fishery products, 1961-62; Sept. p. 58. Japanese-Brazilian fisheries firm to expand; Nov. p. 71. Law of the Sea,committee to study adherence to Geneva conventions on; Aug, p. 81. Piranha in inland waters, eradication of; Mar. p. 46. Spiny lobster fishing dispute with France, arbitra- tion proposed for; May p. 64. Whale catch in Northeast , 1960-62; Jan. p.79. y» Jan,. 1963; formed in Parana BREADED FISHERY PRODUCTS Processors of granted overtime exemption under Fair Labor Standards Act; Sept. p. 110. BRISTOL BAY Crabs, king, Japanese fleets report poor fishing in for; Oct. p. 55. BRITISH COLUMBIA (see Canada) BRITISH GUIANA Fisheries trends, 1962; Apr. p. 43. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 7 BRITISH HONDURAS Spiny lobster industry; Oct. p. 45. BRITISH SOLOMON ISLANDS PROTECTORATE Fisheries development, 1962; Feb. p. 64. BRITISH WEST INDIES Barbados fishing industry trends, 1962; July p. 69. BUBBLE CURTAIN Eel traps, Danish use with; Jan. p. 86. BUFFALOFISH Frozen products: antioxidants, certain, lengthen storage life of ; Oct. p. 16. BUOYS Oceanographic data from unmanned » Plan to use satellites for collection of; Sept. p. 115. BUOY LIGHT British develop new type flashing marine 8 Sept. p. 95. BURMA Sardines and mackerel, canned, market in for; Nov. p. 57. Saury, canned, sold by South Korea to p. 60. @Cts BUY AMERICAN ACT Department of Defense does not buy Canadian foods under exemption authority; Oct. p. 20. CALIFORNIA Abalone observations and growth studies conducted by M/V_"N. B. Scofield" and M/V ''Mollusk"' (cruise 63-S-5 and 63-M-1); Nov. p. 24. Anadromous fish resources, Congressmen review; Jan. p. 24, Biologists' employment opportunities with Department of Fish and Game; Aug. p. 64. Crab, dungeness: growth and life history investigated; Mar. p. 20, Oct. p. 16. population sampling, preseason, indicates another poor season; Feb, p. 21. study in northern and Oregon waters (M/V "N.B. Scofield'' cruise 62-S-8); Mar. p. 20. tagging operations and growth studies conducted (M/V "Nautilus" cruise 63-N-1F-Crab); Sept. p. 16. Disease, fish, Ceratomyxa reappears at Crystal Lake Hatchery; Aug. p. 20. Fishery projects considered under Accelerated Public Works program; May p. 18. Fishing reef, artificial, made from quarry rock; Apr. p. 14. Fish planted by air for sportsmen; May p. 18. Fishway, new, may re-establish king salmon run on Eel River; Apr. p. 15. Hake distribution and abundance off southern and northern Mexico studied by M/V"'John N, Cobb'$ June p. 38. Hatcheries, floods damage fish stocks of; Apr. p. 14. Hatchery, Trinity River, for salmon and steelhead opened; July p. 35. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW CALIFORNIA (cont. ) Institute of Marine Resources, new Director of; June p. 22, Laboratory, marine biological, being built at La Jolla for Bureau of Commercial Fisheries; Sept. p. 24, Pelagic fish population survey; Feb. p. 18, May p. 19, July p. 31, Aug. p. 19, Sept. pp. 14, 17, 19, Nov. pp. 21, 22, Dec. pp. 17,19. Pesticides, agricultural, State agencies move to halt fish losses from; Oct. p. 16. Petrale sole tagging and bottomfish survey off southern (M/V "'N.B. Scofield" cruise 62-S- 7-Trawl); Feb. p. 20. Pollution: DDT -treated irrigation water, investigation of fish losses from; Aug. p. 21, Sept. p. 21. Rockfish, blue, tagged and biological data collected off mid-coastal area (M/V "'N.B. Scofield" cruise 63-S-3); Aug. p. 19. Salmon: chinook, mature, Spawn in Sacrament River dur- ing May-June 1963; Nov. p. 44. landings, commercial, lower in 1962; Jan. p. 23. midwater trawling for fingerlings continued (M/V "Nautilus" cruise 63N-Salmon); July p. 31. San Joaquin River flow reversal threatens; Nov. p. 44. spawning survey, annual, conducted; Dec. p. 23. sport fishery catch, 1962; May p. 20. sport fishing regulations, 1963; May p. 20. San Francisco Bay investigations; Sept. p. 15, Dec. p. 20. Sardines and other pelagic fish, population density, distribution, and age composition surveyed of (M/V "Alaska" cruise 62-A-7); May p. 19. Shrimp: fresh-water species planted in lakes; Dec. p. 41. resources in northern and central coastal waters surveyed; July p. 32, Dec. p. 21. resources in southern and central coastal waters surveyed (M/V "Alaska" cruise 63-A-1); May p. 20. Soviet trawler off coast; Aug. p. 112. Squid, frozen, successfully introduced in Austra- lia; July p. 69. Squid and octopus, research grant for study of; May p. 19. Trawling grounds sought in offshore waters; May p. 23, July p. 34, Tuna: albacore: forecast of catch for southern California; July p. 54. migration studies and tagging (M/V "'N.B. Scofield'' cruise 63-S-4-Albacore); Sept. p. 20. bluefin: forecast of catch for southern California; July p. 54. tagging program off resumed by chartered vessel ''Elsinore"'; Oct. p. 34. weather conditions reported by radio while vessels are on fishing trips; Mar. p. 35. and Nevada and Baja and Baja CAMBODIA Fisheries Service vessel, new, built with U. S. aid; Dec. p. 57. 1963 Index CANADA Airborne radiation thermometer aids oceanographic information service; Mar. p. 57. Arctic char from far north widely distributed; Mar. p. 51. British Columbia: Federal- Provincial Committee on fishing industry problems; Dec. p. 58. fishing industry tie-up ends; Sept. p. 59. herring: oil prices delivered at Toronto, Apr, 1961-July 1962; Jan. p. 80. price dispute settled; Feb. p. 65. labor dispute, fishing industry tied-up by; Sept. p. 99. licensing system, new, for commercial fishing; Apr. p. 44, North Pacific fisheries treaty revision, fishing industry spokesmen object to; Aug. p. 81. salmon, pink, eggs transplanted in Newfoundland river; Mar. p. 58. territorial waters and fisheries convention amend- ment, resolutions adopted on; June p. 61. water pollution, fisheries association holds seminar on; July p. 69. Cod, small, trawl mesh regulations save; July p. 71. Deputy Minister of Fisheries, new, appointed; Apr. p. 44, Fisheries development policy, national, proposed; July p. 70. Fisheries research, new directions discussed at annual meeting on; Mar, p. 56. Fisheries scholarships awarded; Aug. p. 81. Fishery products exports lower in 1961; May p. 60. Fish flavors basic research may lead to new pro— ducts; Mar. p. 51. Fishing limits, legislation introduced to extend; July p. 70. Fishing limit, 12-mile, proposed by Fisheries Council; Apr. p. 43. Fish oil production, utilization, and foreign trade, 1962; June p. 65. Fish protein concentrate experiments encouraging; Mar, p. 52. Fish sausage made from whitefish; Mar. p. 53. Fish, smoked, sale in air-sealed containers may be prohibited; Dec. p. 58. Fresh-water fish used in fish loaves, fish cro- quettes, and "'fishfurters"; June p. 66. Frozen and fresh fishery products, refrigeration standards proposed for carriers of; Mar. p. 57. Frozen fish exports to Europe, long range pros- pects promising for; May p. 61. Fur seals, scientists report on investigations of; Mar. p. 53. Great Lakes Institute research program for 1963; Aug. p. 81. Groundfish research reviewed at 1962 annual meet- ing of scientists; Mar. p. 54. Halibut: bait, imports of octopus increase for; June p. 63. fishing limits and Japanese participation in fish- ery, British Columbia Committee reports on; May p. 60. Japanese fishing in Eastern Bering Sea, approval delayed for; June p. 62. Herring: British Columbia price dispute settled; Feb. p. 65. 1963 Index COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 9 CANADA (cont. ) CANADA Herring (cont. ): Salmon: landings on west coast set new record for 1962/63 season; June p. 64. roe, Canadians propose to export to Japan; May jb. is Imports of fishery products removed, surcharges on; Jan. p. 80. Import surcharges and GATT; Jan. p. 69. International Whaling Commission, new Com- missioner appointed by for; July p. 65. Japanese salmon fishermen's association to send mission to United States and ; June p. 82, Laboratory, floating, used by biologists; Mar. p. 56, Lake Erie joint research project with U.S. pro- posed; Aug. p. 82. Lamprey population control in Lake Superior; Mar. p. 55. Lobsters: live shipped by air to Europe; Apr. p. 44. North Atlantic species, scientists study chemistry of; Feb. p. 66. open season in two areas postponed due to ice floes; June p. 64. Mackerel shark migration studies, branding irons used in; Nov. p. 57. Marine-animal oils: exports, 1961 and Jan. -July 1962; Jan. p. 80. imports, 1961 and Jan, -July 1962; Jan. p. 80. production, utilization, and foreign trade; Jan. p. 80, June p. 65. Maritime Provinces fisheries problems discussed at meeting; June p. 62. Newfoundland: bait service vessel, contract let for; Mar. p. 51. cod fishery, summer, studies aim to prevent gluts in; Feb. p. 64. salmon, pink, eggs from British Columbia trans - planted; Mar. p. 58. North Pacific Fisheries Convention: Fisheries Minister reports on conference; Aug. Penlos revision problems not resolved; Aug. p. 71. Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Commission, Inter- national: annual meeting, 13th, held in Halifax, N.S., Aug. p. 75. Commissioners, new, appointed by ; July p. 67. Nova Scotia, fish processing plant planned for; July p. 70. Oceanography: Atlantic coast sea-surface environmental charts; Jan. p. 82. Bedford Institute of Oceanography opens; Jan, p. 81. Oysters: hatchery, experimental, being built; Sept. p. 60. shucked, production in British Columbia, 1962; Mar. p. 51. Rail-barge, new, between Southeastern Alaska and British Columbia; July p. 29, Sept. p. 46. Refrigerated sea water used by fishing vessels; Mar. p. 57. Salmon: Atlantic: hormone treatment may hasten sexual maturity; May p. 62. Atlantic: tagged fish recaptured off Greenland; Jan. p. 120. Pacific: British Columbia pack, 1962; Jan. p. 79. Dixon Entrance (Alaska) reports, U.S. - biologists agree on; Sept. p. 12. Fraser River program discussed at Internation- al Pacific Salmon Commission meeting; Sept. 16: Ble tagging and distribution studies; Mar. p. 58. pink: eggs from British Columbia transplanted in Newfoundland River; Mar. p. 58. pack in 1962 causes marketing problems; Aug. p. 82. sockeye life cycle, normal, extended by scien- tists; Mar. p. 59. unloading from vessel, new method tested for; Mar. p. 58, Sept. p. 60. Scallops, sea: industry of July ps Ll landings at Atlantic ports set new record in 1962; Mar. p. 59. processed products subject to compulsory Govern- ment inspection; June p. 63. promotional program, joins with New Bed- ford (Mass. ) producers in; May p. 40. Sea lamprey control measures in Great Lakes pro- ducing results, Canada-United States; Jan. p. 72. Shark migration studies aided by new branding technique, Mar. p. 60. Swordfish, commercial, catches by long-line in 1962 very good; Mar. p. 60. Tuna, canned in oil, Japanese exports to approved; Nov. p. 69. Underwater observations in 1962 for fishery re- search; Mar. p. 53. United Kingdom market for fishery products, 1961- 1962; Aug. p. 83. United States Department of Defense does not buy Canadian foods under Buy American Act exemp- tion authority; Oct. p. 20. Vessels: construction subsidy program; May p. 60; Dec. p. 58. fisheries research off West Coast, new craft for; Jan. p. 82. Government patrol for Great Slave Lake; Apr. p. 45. Whaling: British Columbia: company hopes for better season in 1963; Aug. p. 84, revival of industry aids biologists; Mar. p. 61. whale oils, rebirth of Nova Scotian industry stimulates study of; Feb. p. 66. CANARY ISLANDS Japanese fishing base in ; May p. 71. Japanese tuna landings quota for considered; May p. 71. CANNED FISH Alaska pack of Australia's duties on Dec. p. 54. , 1962; July p. 28. increased temporarily; 10 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW CANNED FISH (cont. ) Defense Department purchases; Apr. p. 17, May p. 26, June p. 23, Sept. p. 24, Nov. pp. 28, 29. Ecuador's tariff schedule raises duties sharply on Uss: ; Jan. p. 88. Japan: exports; Jan. p. 102, May p. 73, June p. 78. fishery catch of importance to canning industry, 1957-1961; Jan. p. 102. Morocco: exports at record level as of Dec. 1962; May 15) aha industry trends, second quarter 1963; Oct. p. 62. Nigeria, market for in; June p. 84, Norway's exports; Feb. p. 82, May p. 79, Oct. p. 63. Philippines, cannery to be established with AID loan in; July p. 92. Portugal: exports; June p. 89, Aug. p. 105, Sept. p. 89, Dec psy nlilts industry concerned over rising Common Market tariffs; June p. 89. pack; Mar. p. 82, June p. 89, Aug. p. 105, Sept. p90, Deechipe ite trends, Jan. -May 1963; Sept. p. 89. Sardine, Maine, stocks; Jan. p. 38, Apr. p. 21. South-West Africa marketing trends, May 1963; July p. 93. Struvite crystals in Tuna: canned in brine, Japanese price increased for May-June exports; July p. 79. U.S. pack, 1961-62; Feb. p. 52. U.S. production, 1963; June p. 45. Veterans Administration requirements from new packs; Mar. p. 22. are harmless; Dec. p.23. CANNERY Alaska (Yakutat) has diversified operations; Aug. p. 15. CANNING Can-draining device to aid sample inspection; Oct, pe ts Ghana's fish meal and fish plants included in construction contract; Aug. p. 88. Norway: fish industry; Dec. p. 74. laboratory and school supported by industry; May p. 81. Shrimp industry in Gulf States; Feb. p. 1. CAN(S) Draining device to aid sample inspection; Oct. eels Japanese complete modern -fabricating plant; Aug. p. 96. Shipments for fishery products; Jan. p. 24, Feb. p. 21, Mar. p. 21, Apr. p. 15, May p. 24, June p. 22, July p. 35, Oct. p. 18, Nov. p. 25, Dec. p. 24. CAPELIN Norway fishery; June p. 85. CARIBBEAN Tuna fishery planned by Faroese in p. 50. ; Apr. 1963 Index CAROLINE ISLANDS Tuna fishing and freezing project, U.S. firm to establish; Aug. p. 85. CARRAGEENIN Import tariff schedules, changes proposed for in; Apr. p. 82, CAVIAR Iran: exports in 1961/62 to United States; May p. 67. production by types of sturgeon, fiscal year 1962/63; Oct. p. 52. U. S. firms bid for ; Nov. p. 64. Salmon from Alaska shipped to Japan; Nov. p. 19. CENSUS, BUREAU OF Sardines, Maine, included in stocks; Dec. p. 36. survey of canned CENTRAL AMERICA Fisheries development, regional; July p. 62. CENTRAL PACIFIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS International Indian Ocean Expedition, plans for participation in; Apr. p. 16. North Pacific, Central, current studies aided by parachute drogues in; Sept. p. 21. Oceanic eddies southeast and southwest of Oahu surveyed; Aug. p. 21, Nov. p. 26. Oceanography program, North Pacific trade wind zone; Oct. p. 30. Seabird-plankton-oceanography relationships study, collaboration by in; Sept. p. 39. Tuna: albacore, young, study of predators! stomachs yields clues to distribution of; Mar. p. 22, Sept. p. 23. larvae and juveniles, progress made in the iden- tification of; Jan. p. 25. long-line gear effectiveness tested (M/V ''Charles H. Gilbert" cruise 67-Boundary II); Oct. p. 18. skipjack: abundance in Hawaiian waters; June p. 22, Dec. p. 24. distribution studied; Feb. p. 23, May p. 25, Oct. p. 18. feeding behavior studied and live tuna collected by M/V "Charles H. Gilbert" (cruise 62); Feb. p. 22, July p. 36. Hawaiian seasonal availability may be predicted from studies of oceanographic climate; Feb. p. 23. underwater sounds, response to; May p. 24. visual perception of skipjack and little tunny compared; Nov. p. 27. studies continued(M/V ''Charles H. Gilbert" Cruise 69--Ahipalaha II); Dec. p. 25. CERATOMYXA California Crystal Lake Hatchery, fish disease reappears at; Aug. p. 20. CEYLON Fisheries development, foreign experts report on; Apr. p. 45. Import licenses for fishery products required; June p. 66, 1963 Index CHAFING GEAR Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Commission discusses problems; Aug. p. 76. CHAR Arctic Mar. from far north widely distributed; pmol CHARTS Canada's Atlantic Coast sea-surface environmental ; Jan, p. 82. CHATHAM, MASS. Line trawl fishery for cod and haddock at 5 June p. 14. CHEMICALS Toxicity to fish of certain studied; Jan. p.47. CHESAPEAKE BAY Crabs: blue catch, low, predicted in winter; Feb. p. 24. pot, commercial, modifications of Chesapeake Bay; Jan. p. 12. Oysters: deaths due to MSX declined in 1962; Mar. p. 30. industry of ; Mar. p. 8. Radioactive wastes in study to be continued; Apr. p. 30. Striped bass, tagging project helps estimate abundance of; May p. 43. for 1962/63 CHESAPEAKE BAY INSTITUTE (see JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY) CHESAPEAKE STATES Landings, fishery, 1961; Jan. p. 26. CHICAGO MERCANTILE EXCHANGE Shrimp, frozen, futures trading opens on for; Dec. p. 42. CHILE Consumption of fish increases in Santiago; May p. 63. Fisheries Development Institute to be established; Nov. p. 58. Fisheries potential studied by Norwegian mission; June p. 66. Fishery resources, Japanese firm to participate in survey of; Nov. p. 59. Fishery trends, Mar. p. 61, Apr. p. 45, June p. 67, Sept. p. 61. Fish meal: exports; Oct. p. 46. industry trends; Jan. p. 83, June p. 67. Japanese operations in ; July p. 82, Oct. p. 46. Japan-United States - joint operation; Sept. p. 61. plant in developed by capital and technicians from South African Republic; Jan. p, 114. plant, new, planned for ; Oct. p. 46. Fish oil industry trends, 1962; June p. 67. Freezing plant ordered from Denmark; Dec. p. 59. Government's integrated fisheries plant; Oct. p 46. Landings and exports up sharply in recent years; July p. 67. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 11 . CHILE Langostino demand can't be met; Sept. p. 61. Licenses for foreign fishing vessel, new decree tightens control over; Sept. p. 60. Norwegian fishing and fish meal venture proves successful; July p. 71. Shrimp demand can't be met; Sept. p. 61. "Territorial'' waters, Ecuador, Peru, and may ban foreign vessels from; Aug. p. 77. Vessels, fishing: demand in Nov. p. E foreign fishing licenses, plans to tighten control over; Aug. p. 85. foreign, permits required for fishing within 200- mile zone; Nov. p. 59. Whaling industry trends, 1962; June p. 68. for; Mar. p. 61, Aug. p. 85, CHINA, COMMUNIST Japan- fisheries agreement, new; Oct. p. 56. Japan, fisheries delegation expected in; Oct. p. 58. Japanese industry mission seeks fishery agreement with ; Apr. p. 61 * CHOLESTEROL Fish diets improve health, experiments indicate; June p. 36, CHLORELLA Oyster growth aided by ; July p. 50, CHLOROPHYLL Oyster growth, study of value to; July p. 49. CHUB Lake Michigan, depth distribution studies of and associated species in; Oct. p. 21. Lake Superior: morphological and electrophoretic studies, vari- ous forms of collected for; Oct. p. 22. spawning habits of surveyed in Apostle Islands area by M/V “Siscowet;'"' Feb. p. 30. CIVIL AERONAUTICS BOARD Air cargo shipments, need for uniform bill of lad- ing studied for; Mar. p. 86. CLAMCHIPS ARA loan, firm to get; Oct. p. 70. CLAM(S) Canned , use of calcium disodium Edta per- mitted as a color retention additive in; Nov. p. 87. Hard , Gulf of Mexico seasonal distribution surveyed by M/V "Oregon" Feb. p. 31. North Atlantic fisheries explorations sampling equipment for tested and abundance investi- gated by M/V “Delaware;" Sept. p. 36. Razor production in Kodiak (Alaska); Oct. p. 15. Soft meats, research on irradiation of; Jan, p. Surf resources off New Jersey Coast survey- ed; Nov. p. 28. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY (see COMMERCE, DEPARTMENT OF) 12 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW COAST GUARD (see TREASURY, DEPARTMENT OF THE) COD Abundance forecast for 1963; Feb. p. 44. Canada: Newfoundland summer fishery, studies aim to prevent gluts in; Feb. p. 64. scientists review research on meeting; Mar. p. 55. at 1962 annual trawl mesh regulations save small ; July jou oCike Dry salted , Norway protests discrimatory treatment by Brazil on imports of; Aug. p. 102. Eggs, drift of , in North Atlantic to be studied June p. 58. Irradiation preservation of by low-level irra- diation, new contract includes studies on; Feb, p. 42. Japan's Northwest Atlantic trawler reports good catches; Aug. p. 96. Line-trawl fishery for and haddock at Chatham, Mass.; June p. 14. Norway: fishery trends; Aug. p. 101, Oct. p. 62. Lofoten fishery; Apr. p. 67, May p. 80, June p. 84. United Kingdom's minimum landing sizes increased for SAD pa iOs CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION Worldwide food standards, holds first meet- ing on; Aug. p. 65. COLD STORAGE Buffalofish, frozen, certain antioxidants lengthen storage life of; Oct. p. 16. COLOMBIA Gear, certain types banned in coastal waters; Feb. p. 67. Landings and exports up sharply in recent years; July p, 67. Vessels, foreign, fishing off coasts cause concern; ApIn) (Dana0s COLUMBIA RIVER Deep-water marine fauna survey; Jan. p. 42, Apr. p. 22, July p. 47, Nov. p. 40. Middle Snake River area fisheries improvement projects; Oct. p. 32. Salmon: chinook marking project; Aug. p. 48. fish hatchery evaluation program; Sept. p. 45, Oct. p. 31. Shad run in increases; May p. 40. COMMERCE, DEPARTMENT OF Area Redevelopment Administration: Alaska: canning firm gets industrial loan; Aug. p. 114. funds requested for fishery research; Sept. pals: ice and cold storage firm awarded loan for plant expansion; May p. 90. loan and grant for Seldovia for water facilities; July p. 29. rail-barge Saxman to Prince Rupert in opera- tion; July p. 29. 1963 Index COMMERCE, DEPARTMENT OF Area Redevelopment Administration; "Clamchip" firm to get loan; Oct. p. 70. Marine research center in Oreg., grant approved to establish; Mar. p. 86. Massachusetts public facilities grant approved for harbor improvements in New Bedford; Junep. 94, Public facilities grant and loan to Port of Newport, Oreg., approved; Sept. p. 100. Coast and Geodetic Survey: oceanographer, research, appointed; Nov. p. 86. research vessel ''Oceanographer, '' keel laid for; Aug. p. 43. research vessel, second, launched; Feb. p. 45. research vessels ''Peirce'' and ''Whiting, " new, enter service; Aug. p. 43. vessel, survey, keel laid for new; Sept. p. 40. Highway construction damage to fish and wildlife, policy developed jointly by and Department of the Interior to prevent; Oct. p. 70. Small Business Administration loans to fishery firms; June p. 94. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, BUREAU OF (also see FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE and INTERIOR, DEPARTMENT OF THE) Fishery cooperatives, regulations for issuance of desist orders against possible restraint of trade by; Feb. p. 92. Inspection services, new fees for fishery products; Mar. p. 89. Irradiation preservation: Atomic Energy Commission supports research on fishery products; Oct. p. 26. fishery products, irradiated, another market re- search study of; Oct. p. 26. laboratory in Mass. operated by AEC program; Sept. p. 33. Laboratory, marine biological, being built at La Jolla, Calif., for , sept. p. 24. Market News Service completes quarter of a cen- tury of service to industry; Jan. p. 39. Oceanographic instrumentation program established by 3; Mar. p., 21. Salmon hatchery evaluation project in Northwest, "first returns'' reported on huge; Sept. p. 45. Tuna, bluefin, tagging program off California re- sumed by chartered vessel ''Elsinore"'; Oct. p. 34. Vessel, research: "Albatross IV'' commissioned by ; Jan. p. 56. "Albatross IV'' visits Nation's Capital; Sept. p. 50. "David Starr Jordan'' for Pacific Ocean investi- gations; Aug. p. 56. new vessel for Pacific Ocean studies, contract let for; Mar. p. 34. as part of COMMON MARKET GATT discusses Jian. pysioos Portuguese canned fish industry concerned over rising tariffs; June p. 89. COMMUNIST CHINA (see CHINA, COMMUNIST) COMPOSITION Phosphorous in fishery products, new method for determining; Feb. p. 24. 1963 Index COMPUTERS World Oceanographic Data Display System; Dec. p. 41. CONFERENCE European Common Market fisheries policy postponed; Mar. p. 39. CONGRESS, EIGHTY -EIGHTH (First Session) Alaska fishing limits; May p. 92. Anadromous fish conservation; Feb. p. 94, Mar. p. 92, Apr. p. 83, June p. 107. Antidumping act amendment; Feb. p. 94, Mayp. 92, June p. 102, July p. 108, Aug. p. 118, Sept. p.112, Nov. p. 91, Dec. p. 92. Aquatic plants eradication; Feb. p. 95. Atomic Energy Commission; May p. 92. Bering Sea halibut fishery; June p. 102. California marine biological laboratory; Aug. p.118. Canadian territorial waters extension; July p. 108, Aug. p. 118. Chemical pesticides coordination; Feb. p. 95, Apr. p. 83, May p. 93, July p. 108, Sept. p. 112. Clam planters disaster loans; June p. 102, Nov. jh Wile Collisions at sea, regulations for prevention of; June p. 102, July p. 108, Aug. p. 118, Sept. Py luli2;, Oct. pr 2), Novi, p.ngl. Columbia River Basin; July p. 108. Commercial fisheries fund; Feb. p. 95, Mar. p92, Apr. p. 83, May p. 93, June p. 103, July p. 108, Aug. p. 118, Nov. p. 91. Commodity packaging and labeling; Feb. p. 95, Mar. p. 92, Apr. p. 83, May p. 93, June p. 103, July p. 108, Aug. p. 119, Sept. p. 112. Congress convenes; Feb. p. 94. Conservation of marine fisheries resources; Aug. pa ligs Sept) ip. 1125, Oct. p. 72, Nov. p. 91, Dec. p. 92. Control of red tide in Florida's gulf coast; July p. 108. Delaware River Basin; Mar. p. 92, Apr. p. 83, May p. 93. Economic report; Mar. p. 92. Emergency food stockpiling; Apr. p. 84. Exempt transportation of agricultural and fishery products; Apr. p. 84, May p. 93, June p. 103, July p. 108, Nov. p. 92, Dec. p. 92. Factory inspection; Aug. p. 120. Federal insecticide, fungicide and rodenticide act; Julysp.) 109) (Oct. -p:e (3) Nov. p.92,. Dec. ip; 92. Fish and fish products embargo; July p. 109. Fish & Wildlife Act of 1956 amendment; July p. 109. Fish and wildlife aid through equipment transfer; Apr. p. 84. Fisheries and oceanography department; Apr. p. 84. Fisheries legislation; Aug. p. 120. Fishery marketing act amendment; Feb. p. 95, Apr. p. 84, May p. 93, Aug. p. 120, Nov. p. 92. Fish farmers programs; Apr. p. 84. Fish farming land treatment under revenue code; Mar. p. 92. Fish hatchery (Eastern Kentucky); Feb. p. 95, Apr. p. 84. Fish hatchery (Kentucky) Feb. p. 95, Apr. pp. 84, 85. Fishing industry problems; Nov. p. 92. Fishing limits; June p. 105, Aug. p. 120. Fishing vessel protection; Sept. p. 112. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 13 CONGRESS, EIGHTY -EIGHTH (First Session) Fish protein concentrate; Feb. p. 95, June p. 103, Nov. p. 92. Food-for-peace, and fish; Mar. p. 92, Apr. p. 85, May p. 103, July p. 109. Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 amendment con- cerning fisheries; Dec. p. 93. Game and food fish conservation in dam reservoirs; Feb, p. 95. Great Lakes fishery; June p. 104. Health, education and welfare appropriations FY 1964; June p. 104, Aug. p. 120, Sept. p. 113, Dec. p. 93. Highways and fish and wildlife protection; Feb. p. 95, Apr. p. 85. Importation of foodstuffs; Nov. p. 92. Import commodity labeling; Feb. p. 96, Mar. p. 93, Apr. p. 85, June p. 104, July p. 109, Aug. p. 120. Import competition adjustment; Feb. p. 96. Imports of polluted shellfish prohibited; Feb. p. 96. Indian fishing rights; Feb. p. 96. Inspection of fishery products by Interior Depart- ment; Feb. p. 96. Interior Department appropriations FY 1963; Feb. p. 96, Apr. p. 85, May p. 93, June p. 104, July p- 109, Aug.) p. 122. International Convention for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries; Nov. p. 93. International fisheries organization; Nov. p. 93. International North Pacific Fisheries Commission; June p. 105. International North Pacific fisheries convention; Nov. p. 93. International north Pacific fisheries problems; Nov. Dp) 93,0 Dect, p93). Irradiation food program; Sept. p. 113. Japanese fishery exports to the United States; Nov. p. 93. Latin American common market; Sept. p. 113. Medical care for vessel owners; Mar. p. 93, Apr. p. 86, Nov. p. 93. Medical care for vessel personnel; Feb. p. 96, Mar. p. 93, May p. 93, June p. 105, July p. 110, Aug. p. 121. Metric system study; Feb. p. 96, May p. 93, June p. 105, Nov. p. 93. National fisheries center and aquarium; Feb. p. 96, Apr. p. 86. National Science Foundation; Mar. p. 93, Natural resources conservation policy; Feb. p. 97. Oceanographic research program; Feb. p. 97, Apr. p. 86, July p. 110, Aug. p. 121, Sept. p. 113, Nov. p. 93. Oceanographic research vessels; Feb. p. 97, Sept. p. 114. Oceanography world conference; Dec. p. 94. Outdoor recreation bureau; Feb. p. 97, Mar. p. 93, Apr. p. 86, May p. 94, June p. 105, July p. 110. Pacific Islands Trust Territory development; Apr. p. 86, May p. 94, June p. 105, Aug. p. 121, Sept. p.gl4s Pacific marine fisheries commission; Aug. p. 121. Pollution of sea by oil treaty amendment; Apr. p. 86. Power projects and migratory fish conservation; Hebe ps ot. Price-quality stabilization; Feb. p. 97, Mar. p. 93, Apr. p. 86, June p. 105, Aug. p. 121, Sept. peg LIA Oct ips ids 14 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW CONGRESS, EIGHTY -EIGHTH (First Session) (cont. ) Research programs; Aug. p. 121, Sept. p. 114, Oct ps 35), Dees ps 945 Salmon development program in California; Feb. 1s Sel Salmon import restrictions; Feb. p. 97. Salmon River anadromous fish; Feb. p. 97, Mar. P03, preps: Gite Saltonstall-Kennedy funds reapportionment; Apr. p. 87. Sanitation regulations for imported shellfish; May p. 94. Science and technology commission; Mar. p. 93, Apres p. (8! Science and technology office for Congress; Sept. p. 114. Seamen's physical requirements; Feb. p. 97. Shellfish industry problems; Nov. p. 94. Shrimp imports; Feb. p. 97. Small business disaster loans; Dec. p. 94. Smithsonian Institution and marine and acquatic biological research; Feb. p. 97, Mar. p. 93. Soviet fishing activity in~Caribbean; June p. 105. Soviet fishing vessels off United States coasts; Nov. p. 94. Soviet traffic in United States territory; Aug. joy Seale State Department appropriations FY 1964; Aug. p. 122, Stern ramp trawlers; Feb. p. 97, Mar. p. 93, May p. 94, June p. 106, Aug. p. 122. Submerged lands act; Feb. p. 98, Mar. p. 93, Apr. p. 87. Supplemental appropriations FY 1963; May p. 94, June p. 106, July p. 110, Aug. p. 122. Technological laboratory land in Maryland; Mar. p. 93, Apr. p. 87. Trade agreements program; Dec. p,. 94. Trade expansion act amendment; Feb. p. 98, Mar. p. 94, Nov. p. 94. Transportation act of 1963; Apr. p. 87, May p. 94, July p. 110, Nov. p. 94, Dec. p. 94. Transportation bills; Nov. p. 94. Tuna fishing vessel protection; Aug. p. 122, Tuna vessel seizure; Sept. p. 114. United States territorial limits; Nov. p. 94. Vessel collision liability; Feb. p. 98, July p. 111, Oct. p. 73. Vessel construction subsidy amendments; Feb. p. 98, Apr. p. 87, May p. 94, June p. 106, Aug. p. 122, Sept. p. 114, Oct. p. 73, Nov. p. 94, Dec. 'p. 94. Vessel disaster loans; Feb. p. 95. Vessel measurement; Feb. p. 98. Vessel operators licenses; Feb. p. 98. Vessel owners liability; Feb. p. 98, July p. 111. Vocational education act of 1963; Sept. p. 115. Water pollution; Sept. p. 115. Water pollution control administration; Feb. p. 98, Mar. p. 94, May p. 94, June p, 106, July p. 111, Sept. p. 115, Oct. p. 74, Nov. p. 95, Dec. ps 94: Water pollution control aid to industry; Mar. p. 94, June p. 106, Sept. p. 115. Water pollution control transfer to Interior Depart- ment; July p. 111. Water resources council; Oct, p. 74. 1963 Index CONSERVATION Highway construction damage to fish and wildlife, Federal policy developed to prevent; Oct. p. 70. International fisheries effort urged by President; Nov. p. 53. Sea, has gone to; Sept. p. 137. CONSUMPTION Cuba promoting of fish; Nov. p. 84. Fish by food stamp and related low-income families; Jan. p. 17. Protein per capita; July p. 111. COOPERATIVES (see FISHERY COOPERATIVES) CORAL REEF FISH Feeding behavior study in Florida of ; Nov. p. 31; COUNTING FENCE Ireland, electromechanical fishing and used inseDeCc wipe Lis CRAB(S) Alaska: airborne shipments from Yakutat; Nov. p.19. landings, Jan. -July 1963; Dec. p. 13. Booklet on ''How to Cook Crabs"; July p. 10. Japan's fisheries and licensing policies designated; Apr. p. 59, Pot, Chesapeake Bay, modifications of; Jan. p. 12. U.S.S.R. factoryship, new; Mar. p. 84. CRAB(S), BLUE Chesapeake Bay catch for 1962/63 winter, prediction of low; Feb. p. 24. Mechanization of industry; July p. 1, Aug. Pp. Ll. Processing machinery, new, being developed; Apr. Dede CRAB(S), DUNGENESS Alaska: Kodiak catch; Oct. p. 15. Metlakatla industry expands; Sept. p. 13. southeastern area, new operation in; Feb. p. 15. Yakutat area good producer of ; Aug. p. 15. California: growth and life history investigated by M/V "Nautilus"; Mar. p. 20, Oct. p. 16. northern and Oregon waters, study of in; Mar. p. 20. population sampling, preseason, indicates another poor season; Feb. p. 21. tagging operations and growth studies conducted by M/V "Nautilus"; Sept. p. 16. Washington fishermen's association ruled guilty by Federal Trade Commission of unfair competition and restraint of trade; July p. 98. CRAB(S), KING (also see KING CRAB) Alaska: Cook Inlet fishing for best ever; Mar. p. 19. distribution studied in southeastern waters; Jan. p. 22. Kodiak fishery; July p. 29, Aug. p. 15, Sept. p. 135 (Oct. ip. 15s tags recovered in Shumagin Island area; Feb.p.17. 1963 Index COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 15 CRAB(S), KING (cont. ) Bristol Bay, Japanese fleets report poor fishing in; Oct. p. 55. Drip studies at Ketchikan laboratory show progress; Mar. p. 19. Factoryships, Pan-Alaska, three, to operate to the westward; Mar. p. 19. Gulf of Alaska: Japanese fishing fleet licensed to fish for ; June p. 20. U.S.S.R. fishing for ; Sept. p. 11. Japan: Alaska Peninsula, Japanese will not fish this year south of; Aug. p. 95. Bristol Bay, fishery trends in; Sept. p. 74. Meee oe Bering Sea, fall fishing ends in; Jan. p. 105. Gulf of Alaska, permission sought for experiment- al fishing in; June p. 81. Kodiak Island area, experimental fishery planned in; July p. 81. Olyutorsk Sea, factoryship fishery for con- sidered in; July p. 81. vessels assigned for research; June p. 82. Philadelphia Aquarama, on display at; May p. 15. Radiation pasteurization of meat reduces bacterial population; June p. 35. Seattle Marine Aquarium, on display at; Aug. p. 5. U.S.S.R.: Bering Sea mothership fishing fleets, 1963; June p. 92. factoryships canning saury in North Pacific; Sept. p. 99. fishing for in Gulf of Alaska in 1963 pre- dicted; June p. 20. fleet leaves Gulf of Alaska; Sept. p. 92. Okhotsk Sea, study of resources of; Sept. p. 99. CRAB(S), TANNER Alaska: markets for promising; Mar. p. 18. processing , continued interest in; Aug. p. 15, CRAB MEAT Canned , Japanese export trends, 1962; Sept. p. 71. Irradiation preservation studies on and other fish products; Feb. p. 42, June p. 35. Pasteurization by microwaves of ,» experi- ments promising on; Sept. p. 33. CREDIT INSURANCE Export , first quarter 1963; June p. 51. CROQUETTES Whiting tested at school-lunch conference; Sept. p. CUBA Consumption of fish, promotion of; Nov. p. 84. Fisheries Center under construction with Soviet aid; Nov. p. 84. Fishery trainees sent to U.S.S.R.; June p. 68. Fishing port, new, plans for; May p. 63. French import spiny lobsters and other shellfish from ; July p. 74, Frozen fish delivered to by U.S.S.R.; Dec. p. 84, ace y CUBA Japan delivers fishing vessels to ; Apr. ip. 46. Soviet-Cuban scientific agreement; Aug. p. 112. Soviet fishing vessels attached to fleet enter Mexican port for supplies; Feb. p. 81, May p. 77. CULTURE Shrimp, pink, artificial cultivation from egg to adult; Aug. p. 49. CURRENTS North Pacific, Central, studies of aided by parachute drogues on ''Charles H. Gilbert" cruise in; Sept. p. 21. CUSTOMS, BUREAU OF Duty -free treatment of certain lobster crates and certain large boxes for shipment and reshipment of fish; Dec. p. 89. CUTTLEFISH Importation of dried from Taiwan, certifi- cates available for; Apr. p. 82. Japanese exports of frozen to Portugal; Nov. Dewar CZECHOSLOVAKIA Tuna, frozen: Japanese product, prices are lower in for; Dec. p. 66. market forecast, 1963; Feb. p. 74. DAM(S) Oregon fish passage facilities over Pelton evaluated; Apr. p. 24. "DAVID STARR JORDAN" Vessel, new research, for Pacific Ocean investi- gations; Aug. p. 56. DEFENSE, DEPARTMENT OF Buy American Act exemption authority, does not buy Canadian foods under; Oct. p. 20. Defense Subsistence Supply Centers: canned fishery products purchases;Apr, p. 17, May p. 26, June p. 23, Sept. p. 24, Nov. p. 28. fresh and frozen fishery products purchases; Apr. p. 17, May p. 26, June p. 23, Sept. p. 24, Nov. pe 28. oysters, preaward inspection procedures changed fon 7;Octap.. 205 sanitary approval prerequisite for procurement, fishery products included under; Jan. p. 28. Drawbridges on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, Army Corps of Engineers proposed revision of federal regulations concerning the operation of; Nov. p. 86. DELAWARE RIVER BASIN Fisheries resources, Federal-State study yields data on; Feb. p. 25. DENMARK Baltic fishermen report Soviet interference; Aug. p. 85, "Bubble curtain" used with eel traps; Jan. p. 86. Canning industry, major products packed by; Sept. p. 63, 16 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW DENMARK (cont. ) Cold-storage, new commercial facilities in Liberia and Nigeria planned; Feb. p. 67. Distant-water fishing trial disappointing, Aug. p. 86. European Free Trade Association tariff reduction, and Norway confer on; May p. 52. Exports: fishery products; Jan. p. 85, Apr. pp. 47, 48, July p. 73, Sept. p. 62, Oct. pp. 47, 48. fish fillets and blocks and fishery industrial prod- ucts, Jan. p. 83, Mar. p. 63, Apr. p. 47, May 63, July p. 73. major categories, 1960-62; Sept. p. 64. principal importing countries of fishery products; Sept. p. 64. Faroe Islands: fishing limit, 12-mile, regulations issued by ; Aug. p. 87. loan sought from pansion; Aug. p. 87. Fisheries association makes recommendations; Sept. p. 66. Fisheries, 1962, reviewed by industry leader; Apr. p. 47. Fisheries trends; Jan. p. 84, July p. 72. Fishermen, loans and grants to, fiscal year 1963; Dec. p. 59. Fishermen seek lower taxes on landings; Aug. p. 86. Fishery products sale to the Soviet Union discussed; Sept. p. 66. Fish freezing plant, order received from Chile for; Dec. p. 59. Fish-freezing vessels, two more, for U.S.S.R. christened in shipyard; Feb. p. 88. Fishing operations, Soviet interference with; Apr. p. 49. Fish meal foreign trade, 1962; July p. 73. Frozen fish product, new, to be marketed; Apr. p. 49. Greenland seal skins, auction of; Apr. p. 49. Improved fishery products; Sept. p. 63. International Fisheries Fair in 1964; Jan. p. 87. Landings, fishery; Jan, p. 84, Apr. p. 47, July p. 72, Sept. p. 63, Oct. p. 46. Lobsters, Norway, lower size limit discussed for; Nov. p. 59. Marine animal oils, foreign trade in; July p. 73, Dec. p. 59. Marketing of fishery products in some European countries reviewed; Apr. p. 48. for processing plant ex- Philippines Fisheries Ministry seeks fillet cutters; Jan, p. 86. Plaice;: minimum price program for fishermen withdrawn; Sept. p. 65. minimum prices and size limits; Jan. p, 86. Porpoise sense organs research; Jan. p. 87. Quality of fishery products; Sept. p. 62. Salmon: Eastern Baltic Sea, fishery in; Jan. p. 87. Norway, fishermen fish off; Aug. p. 86. Shark, herring, fishery off ; Sept. p. 66, Soviet fleet fishing off North Sea coast; May p. 63. Trawl, boom, vessels using; Jan. p. 85. Trout, pond, lower production predicted due to severe winter of; Aug. p. 86. Tuna, Japanese, traders request offers of; Dec. p. 65. U.S.S.R. Fishery Minister tovisit ; Oct. p. 48. 1963 Index DENMARK Vessels: cutters, steel, seaworthiness questioned of; Jan. p. 87. fish-freezing type, Danish-built, delivered to U.S.S.R.; Mar. p. 62, Sept. p. 92. motorized fishing fleet grouped by gross tonnage; p. 62. DIABETIC DIETS Fish in , the place of; Sept. p. 54. DISEASE Ceratomyxa reappears at California Crystal Lake hatchery; Aug. p. 20. DISTRICT COURT, U.S. Fishermen employees for tax purposes, July p. 107, Fishermen's employment status for Federal tax purposes, rulings differ on; Oct. p. 71. Overtime exemption under Fair Labor Standards - rules; Act, grants breaded seafood processor; Sept. p. 110. DIVERS Watch for ; Feb. p. 88. DOLPHIN (see PORPOISE) DRAWBRIDGES Revision of federal regulations concerning the opera- tion of on Atlantic and Gulf Coasts proposed by Army Corps of Engineers; Nov. p. 86. DRIP Chemical solution that reduces , patent grant- ed for; Feb. p. 25, DRYING United Kingdom fish- process, new, developed; Aug. p. 112. Wray EAST AFRICA Japanese tuna transshipment port in new; Nov. p. 66. proposed, EASTERN PACIFIC Tuna: Japanese fishing forecast for ,» Jan-Feb. 1963; Mar. p. 74, ora regulations for » report on hearing on; Jan. p. 55. schooling behavior study; July p. 56. yellowfin, lower quota proposed for June p. 55, catch; ECHO-SOUNDER Sonic fishing aids, new, marketed by Norwegian firm; May p. 82. ECOLOGY Medical program, seabird-plankton-oceanog- raphy relationships study part of; Sept. p. 39. ECONOMICS Fishery July p. 90. » seminar held in Bergen, Norway on; 1963 Index ECUADOR Canned fish from U.S., new tariff schedule raises duties sharply on; Jan. p. 88, Export value of fishery producis up in first half of 1963; Oct. p. 49. Fishing industry trends, Jan-June 1963; Oct. p. 49. Fish protein concentrate; Oct. p. 49. Freezerships, foreign, purchasing for export from fishermen, law amended on tax treatment of; Dec. p. 61. Freezership, foreign, to purchase fish, permit granted to; June p. 68. Japanese vessel leaves for base; May p. 76, Landings, fisheries, and exports up sharply in recent years; July p. 67. Law of the Sea, Foreign Minister restates policy on; Dec. p. 60. Peruvian reaction on seizure of U.S. tuna vessels by ; Aug. p. 104. "Territorial" waters, Chile, Peru, and ban foreign vessels from; Aug. p. 77. Whaling: Japanese processing plant; Oct. p. 49. Japanese study establishment of enterprise in 3; Oct. p. 49. may EDIBLE FISHERY PRODUCTS Marketing prospects; Mar. p. 26, July p. 44, Sept. p. 34. Wholesale prices; Jan. p. 62, Feb. p. 56, Mar. p. 37, Apr. p. 31, May p. 50, June p. 53, July p. 60, Aug. p. 62, Sept. p. 53, Oct. p. 37, Nov. p. 50, Dec. p. 46. EELS Greece, prices for in; Aug. 1962; Jan. p. 91. EGGS Compressed air used in taking from fish; Sept. p. 99. EGYPT (see UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC) ELECTRICAL FISHING German Federal Republic electrocution device may improve quality of catch; July p. 74. Ireland, electromechanical fishing and counting fence used in; Dec. p. 1. Soviet tuna fleet uses Sept. p. 98. gear off Spanish coast; EL SALVADOR Exports of edible fishery products, 1961; Mar. p. 63. Mackerel, canned, duty rates increase proposed; Nov. p. 59, Dec. p. 61. EQUIPMENT Fish unloading, de-icing, and weighing re- tested at Boston Fish Pier; Aug. p. 61. EQUIPMENT NOTES No. 14--A Light Box for Photographing Fish and Invertebrates at Sea; Sept. p. 8. ESTUARIES Protection of recommended by American Fisheries Advisory Committee; Aug. p. 18. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 17 ESTUARINE PROGRAM Gulf of Mexico studies; Feb. p. 35, June p, 29. EUROPE Canada's long-range prospects for exports of fro- zen fish to promising; May p. 61. European Fish Producers Association (EUROPECHE) plans for future; Feb. p. 58. Fishery conference, West European; June p. 59, Oct. p. 39, Fishery problems discussed at meeting in Ostend, Belgium; Sept. p. 55. Fish meal market trends, Feb. 1963; Apr. p. 33. Fish oil market-+rends; Feb. p. 59, Apr. p. 33. Frozen fish product, new Danish, to be marketed; Apr. p. 49. EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY Belgian imports of fishery products, effect of policies on; Apr. p. 42. European Fish Producers Association plans for future; Feb. p. 58, Fisheries conference for Western Europe; Oct. p. 39, Dec. p. 48. Fisheries policy conference; Jan. p. 65, Mar. p.39. St. Pierre fishing base planned by countries; Feb. p. 57. EUROPEAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION Economic Development Committee, establishment of; Oct. p.. 39: Formal decisions adopted at meeting of Council; Oct. p. 39. Import duties, acceleration of Convention timetable for the elimination of; Oct. p. 39. Tariff reductions: accelerated cuts within planned; Apr. p. 33. cuts, committee weighs further; Feb. p. 57. Denmark and Norway confer on; May p. 52. Norwegian industry views; July p. 88. West European fisheries conference on access to fishing grounds and markets, porposal supported by for; Sept. p. 56. EUROPECHE Plans for future; Feb. p. 58. EXPORTS Canada removes surcharges on imports of fishery products; Jan. p. 80. Canned fish, Indonesian market limited for; Aug. De ols Credit insurance, first quarter 1963; June p, 51. Edible fishery products, processed; Jan. p. 58, Feb. p. 55, Mar. p. 36, May p. 47, June p. 51, July p. 59, Aug. pp. 59, 60, Sept. p. 52, Oct. p. 36, Nov. p. 49. Fish oils: U.S. ; Jan, p. 35, May p. 31, June p. 34, Aug. p. 34, Sept. p. 31, Oct. p. 24, Dec. p. 35. world ; Jan, p. 66, Aug. p. 65. Norway's fishery products 1961 world's second highest; June p. 84, Shellfish, France no longer requires certificate of wholesomeness for imports of certain; Oct. p. 49. U.S. of selected fishery products; Apr. p29, May p. 48. 18 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW FACTORYSHIP(S) Alaska, king crab westward; Mar. p. 19. German Federal Republic, stern-trawler 4 financial data on; Jan. p. 90. Soviets order eight fish shipyard; Oct. p. 67. , three, to operate to the from West German FARMERS HOME ADMINISTRATION Fish farmers and oyster planters now eligible for certain loans; Mar. p. 86. FAROE ISLANDS Exports, fishery, increase in 1962; Apr. p. 47. Fillet, frozen, exports; deme p. 90, Mar. p. 64. Filleting plant, new, to export to U.S.; Jan. p. 90. Fishery trends; Jan, p. 90, June p. 68, Nov. p. 60. Fishing gear damaged by foreign fishing fleets; IDS, j2, Bil, Fishing limits: proposed extension threatens Aberdeen (United Kingdom) fishing industry; Apr. p. 77. regulations issued; Aug. p. 87. Landings, fishery, increase in 1962; Apr. p. 47. Processing plant expansion stimulated by threat of ban on landings in United Kingdom; Aug. p. 87. Tuna fishery planned in Caribbean and off West Africa; Apr. p. 50. FATTY ACIDS (see FISH OILS) FEDERAL AID Funds apportioned to states for sport fish and wild- life restoration; Jan. p. 27, July p. 36. FEDERAL PURCHASES OF FISHERY PRODUCTS Buy American Act, Department of Defense does not buy Canadian foods under exemption authority of; Oct. p. 20. Defense, Department of: Defense Subsistence Supply Centers: canned fish purchases; Apr. p. 17, May p. 26, June p. 23, Sept. p. 24, Nov. p. 28. fresh and frozen fishery products; Apr. p. 17, May p. 26, June p. 23, Sept. p. 24, Nov. p.28. oysters, changes preaward inspection procedures for; Octinpse20. sanitary approval prerequisites for procurement, fishery products included under; Jan. p. 28. Shrimp, canned, Federal Specification revision pro- posed for; Sept. p. 24, Veterans Administration; canned fish requirements from new packs; Mar, p. 22, FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONS Fish oil in paints, more Aprpen Lo). Shrimp, canned, revision proposed for; Sept. p. 24. required for use of; FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION Crab, Dungeness, fishermen's association ruled guilty of unfair competition and restraint of trade; July p. 98. Shrimp processing machinery firm found not guilty of supressing competition; July p. 99. 1963 Index FELLOWSHIP Aquatic science program, universities in- vited to participate in; Dec. p. 17. FIJI ISLANDS Tuna: Japanese cold-storage plant in tion approved of; Oct. p. 49. Japanese fishing base at ; Jan. p. 90, May p. 72, June p. 76. » construc- FILLETING MACHINE Herring and pilchard developed in Belgium;Feb. p. 63. FILLET(S) Denmark's exports; Jan. pp. 83, 84, Mar. p. 63, May p. 63. Groundfish import tariff quota for 1963; Apr. p. 82. Haddock » multiple-irradiated, evaluated for quality; Mar. p. 25. Packaged » weighing at time of sale proposed and approved for; Feb. p. 91, May p. 90, Sept. p. 100, FILM i ''Watermen of Chesapeake'' (motion picture); Nov. outside back cover. FINFISH South Carolina studies; Feb. p. 50. FINLAND Import license requirements removed from certain fishery products; Apr. p. 50. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE (Also see COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, BUREAU OF and INTERIOR, DEPARTMENT OF THE) Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife's new pesti- cide-wildlife laboratory dedicated; June p. 97. Highway construction damage to fish and wildlife, policy developed jointly by and Bureau of Public Roads to prevent; Oct. p. 70. Indian commercial fishing regulations in Alaska, Commissioner of authorized to enforce; Aug. p. 115. National Fisheries Center, Assistant Director appointed for; Nov. p. 88. Program Review Assistant to Commissioner named; Feb. p. 92. Submarine, research, of ; Apr. p. 23. FISH BEHAVIOR Laboratory, new, at University of Miami to conduct studies on ; Aug. p. 22, FISH FILLET BLOCKS Denmark's exports, Jan. 1963; May p. 63. Frozen and other fishery products included in changes in import tariff schedules; Sept. p. 105. FISHBURGERS Whiting Sept. p. 3. FISH CROQUETTES Canadian fresh-water fish used in tested at school-lunch conference; ; June p.66, 1963 Index FISH CULTURE Japanese production from , 1961-62; Sept. p. 81. FISHERIES International problems, Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute discusses; Dec. p. 49. Minimum rate regulations for bulk commodities, and farm organizations support removal of; May p. 44. FISHERIES CONFERENCES European » EEC accepts invitation to attend; Dec. p. European , EEC seeks delay in proposed; Oct. p. 39. FISHERIES EDUCATION Fisheries short course, U. S. Bureau of Commer- cial Fisheries and University of Alaska cooperate in presenting; May p. 18. FISHERIES LABORATORY Seattle, Wash., contract awarded for new U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries at; Aug. p. 22, FISHERIES LOAN FUND (also see LOANS) Loans approved; Feb. p. 53, May p. 46, Aug. p. 55, Nov. p. 48. Vessels and gear, financial assistance available from the for; Sept. p. 50. FISHERIES RESEARCH Oregon appoints new director of 3; Apr. p. 25. FISHERMEN Employment status of for Federal tax pur- poses, court rulings on; July p. 107, Oct.p. 71. Income tax, estimated; Mar. p. 91, Sept. p. 108. Self-employed , Interior Department urges restoration of Public Health Service benefits to; Oct, p. 20. FISHERY AGREEMENT(S) Japan-Communist China » new; Oct, p, 56. United Kingdom announces intention to withdraw from certain international ; July p. 95. FISHERY BIOLOGY Aquatic science fellowship program, universities invited to participate in; Dec. p. 17. FISHERY COOPERATIVES Regulations for issuance of desist orders against possible restraint of trade by ; Feb. p. 92. FISHERY DISPUTES Peru's anchovy fishermen's strike unsettled as of Mar. 1, 1963; May p. 82, FISHERY PRODUCTS Standard commodity code, proposed, for reporting purposes includes ; Apr. p. 81. World trade in reaches new high in 1961; Mar. p. 40. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 19 FISHERY RESEARCH Canada underwater observations aid Mar, p. 53. United Kingdom training in grants to aid in; May p. 89. in 1962; » post graduate, FISHERY RESOURCES Human food, the sea is great untapped resource of; May p. 26. FISHERY TRADE MISSION U.S. fishing industry to Europe proposed; Decwpras. FISH FARMERS Loans, certain, now available from Farmers Home Administration, Mar. p. 86. Soil or water conservation, deduction extended to for; July p. 106. FISH FARMING Hong Kong food supply, adds to; Mar. p. 65. Rhodesia and Nyasaland Federation potential, early 1963; May p. 84, Washington salmon Jan, p. 61. program proves expensive; FISH FILLETS (see FILLET) FISH FLAVORS Canada's basic research on products; Mar. p. 51. may lead to new FISH FLOUR (see FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE) FISHFURTERS Canadian fresh-water fish used in ; June p. 66, FISH HANDLING Unloading, de-icing, and weighing equipment retested at Boston; Aug, p. 61. FISH HOOK(S) Extracting device, new, for p. 21. Snelling device patented; Nov. p. 36. patented; Apr. FISHING EXHIBITION World held in London, England, May 27-31, 1963; Mar. p. 44, Aug. p. 77. FISHING FAIR Italy's twenty-third international ; Apr. p. 55. FISHING INDUSTRY Loans to fishery firms; Apr. p. 29. Trade mission to Europe proposed; Dec. p. 44. Working conditions in reviewed by I. L.O.; Feb. p. 61, Mar. p. 40, FISHING LIMIT(S) Atlantic Coast Marine Fisheries Commission adopts resolution calling for a 12-mile DEC ip slit. Canada; British Columbia Committee reports on and Japanese participation in halibut fishery; May p. 60. 20 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW FISHING LIMIT(S) (cont. ) Canada (cont. ): extension of , legislation introduced on; July proposed by Fisheries Council; Apr. Chile's licenses for foreign fishing vessel within 200-mile » new decree tightens control over; Sept. p. 60. Faroe Islands regulations on 12-mile issued; Aug. p. 87. Greenland: law modified to consider historic fishing rights; Aug. p. 88. 12-mile established; July p. 76. South Africa Republic legislation proposed to extend ; Feb. p. 87. South Africa Republic and South-West Africa bill passed by parliament for of 12 miles; Sept. Demos "Territorial waters, Ecuador, Chile, and Peru may ban foreign vessels from; Aug. p. 77. Tunisia's territorial waters and extended; Jan, p. 119, Turkey's , extension proposed of; Apr. p. 74. United Kingdom: Aberdeen's fishing industry threatened by pro- posed extension of Faroese sSeADpRe Der ile intention to withdraw from certain international fishery agreements announced; July p. 95. 12-mile sought by fishermen from southwest England; Mar. p. 85. West European fisheries conference on access to fishing grounds and markets, proposal supported by European Free Trade Association for; Sept. p. 56, FISHING PORTS Cuba's new ,» plans for; May. p. 63, FISHING REEF California artificial Apr. p. 14. made from quarry rock; FISHING REEL(S) Electric motor drive attachment patented, with; Nov. p. 36, FISHING ROD(S) Holder for patented; Nov. p. 36. FISHING VESSELS (also see VESSELS, FISHING) Canada's construction of aided by subsidy program; May p. 60, FISHING WITH LIGHTS Soviet saury fishing vessels testing fluorescent lights; Nov. p. 84. FISH KILLS Water pollution, fish killed by, 1963; July p. 50. FISH LOAVES Canadian fresh-water fish used in ; Junep. 66. FISH LURES Plastic coating for patented, new; Mar. p. 24, 1963 Index FISH MARKING Branding irons used to mark large fish in migration studies; Nov. p. 57. FISH MEAL Animal nutrition, observations on use of in; Sept. p. 32, Argentina's production and exports, 1961-1962; Dec. p. 54, Chile: exports; June p. 67, Oct. p. 46. fishing and venture by Norwegians proves successful; July p. 71. Government's integrated fisheries plant; Oct. p. 46. industry expansion; Jan, p. 83. industry trends, 1962; June p. 67. Japan-United States-Chile joint operation; July p. 82, Sept. p. 61, Oct. p. 46. plant, new, planned; Oct. p. 46. Corn-cottonseed rations for pigs improved; June p. 24, Cost factor important in use of feeds; Aug. p. 30. Demand, present and future factors that may in- fluence; Mar. p. 1. Denmark: exports; Jan. p. 83, July p. 73. foreign trade in , 1962; July p. 73. European market trends, Feb. 1963; May. p. 33. Exports for selected countries, Jan. p. 66, Mar. p. 39, Apr. p. 33, May p. 52, June p. 55, July p. 62, Nov. p. 52. German Federal Republic industry trends, 1962; June p. 69. Ghana construction contract includes cannery plants; Aug. p. 88. Growth factor in and solubles still unidenti- fied; Aug. p. 31. Imports, U.S.: annual data, 1961-62; Apr. p. 20. by Customs Districts; Sept. p. 53, Oct. p. 36, Nov. p. 49. monthly data; Jan. pp.35, 36, 37, Feb. p. 41, Apr. p. 20, May pp. 30, 31, June p. 34, July p. 42, Aug. pp. 32, 33, 34, Sept. pp. 30, 31, Oct. pp. 24, 25, Nov. p. 35, Dec. pp. 34, 35. up sharply in March 1963; June p. 52. International Association of Manufacturers, fourth annual conference held in Peru; Nov. p. 53. Japan; Angola, Japanese tinued off; Oct. p. 44. Bering Sea: factoryship to operate in;June p. 81. firm requests permit for; Nov. p. 70. factoryship production and sales; May p. 73, Sept. p. 75. imports; Mar. p. 75. north coast, venture proposed off; July p. 83. operations in distant waters; Mar. p, 74. South Africa, Japanese purchase from; Dec. p. 68. targets for factoryships in Eastern Bering Sea, 1963; May. p. 74. Market in U.S. southeastern states surveyed; Apr. p. 19. Peru: exports of 5 1961-62; June p. 86 proposed taxes revised on; June p. 88. in poultry and operation to be discon- 1963 Index COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 21 FISH MEAL (cont,) Peru: (cont,):: exports of : (cont.): under Decree-Law advisory rather than manda- tory; Feb. p. 84, June pp. 86, 88. fish meal industry presents investment opportuni- ties; July p. 91. industry continues to expand; Apr. p. 72. industry faces problems; Oct. p. 63. industry obtains loan to consolidate debts; Nov. Paneit. industry trends; June p. 86, Sept. p. 88. Japanese firm plans joint venture in; July p. 82. marketing procedures for ; Feb. p. 84, northern area, major industry in; May p. 82. supply and distribution; June p. 86, Aug. p. 104. taxes, new, increase production costs; Apr. p.73. Portugal: exports of , 1959-1961; May p. 84. Production for selected countries; Jan. p. 66, Mar. p. 39, Apr. p. 33, May p. 52, June p. 55, July p. 62, Nov. p. 52. Production, U. S.: annual, 1961-62; Apr. p. 20. by areas; Feb. p. 41, Aug. p. 34, Oct. p. 25, Dec. p. 36, monthly data; Jan. pp. 34, 35, 36, 37, Feb. pp. 40, 41, Mar, p. 23, Apr. p. 20, May pp. 30, 31, June pp. 34, 35, July p. 41, Aug. pp. 32, 33, 34, 35, Sept. pp. 30, 31, Oct. pp. 24, 25, Nov. p. '35, Dec. pp. ‘34, 35. Protein digestibility tests of improved by lowering concentration of pepsin; Aug. p. 32. Protein values, net, of determined without chemical analysis; Aug. p. 31. South Africa Republic: plant, new automated; Oct. p. 65. trends, April 1963; Aug. p. 107. Supply inU. S.; Jan. p. 37, Apr. p. 20. Sweden: industry trends, fiscal year 1962/63; June p. 90. Trace minerals,- is a reliable source of; Sept. p. 31. Use of and oil in cattle rations recommended; July p. 42, Use of in poultry and hog rations, recent de- velopments in; Nov. p. 29. World fish catch, one-quarter used in and oil production; Jan. p. 77. World production, Jan. p. 65, Feb. p. 58, Mar. p. 39, May p. 52, July pp. 62, 63, Aug. p. 65, Sept. p. 56, Oct. p. 42, Nov. p. 52. Zanzibar, construction of plant projected for future; Feb. p. 90. FISH NAMES Common 3; July p. 97. FISH OIL(S) (also see OIL, MARINE-ANIMAL) Anchovy ,» changes in import tariff schedules proposed for; Apr. p. 82. Animal nutrition, observations on use of in; Sept. p. 32, Argentina's production and exports, 1961-1962; Dec. p. 54. Canada's production, utilization, and foreign trade, 1962; June p. 65. FISH OIL(S) Chile: exports, 1961-62; June p. 67. industry trends, 1962; June p. 67. Denmark: foreign trade; July p. 73, Dec. p. 59, major species used for BSE To Bes Derivatives mono- and di-nitrates may have indus- trial uses; June p. 24, European market improved in Dec. 1962; Feb. 1 BS) European market trends, Feb. 1963; May p. 33. Exports, U.S.; Jan. p. 35, Feb. p. 41, May p. 31, June p, 34, July p. 42, Aug. p. 34, Sept. p. 31, Oct. p. 24, Dec. p. 35. Fatty acids of » gas-liquid chromatography aids in identifying; Aug. p. 22. German Federal Republic's imports, 1960-62; Apr. p. 50, Iceland: exports, Jan. -June 1963; Nov. p. 63. paints, used in; May p. 65. Imports, Jan.-July 1963; Nov. p. 35. Market for » present and future; May p. 12. Menhaden flavor change indicated during oxi- dation of fractions; Sept. p. 25, Oxidation of slowed by addition of phospholipids to antioxidant; Feb. p. 39. Peru: exports of ,» 1961-62; June p. 86. industry trends; June p. 86, Sept. p. 88. Portugal's production and exports of ,» 1959- 1961; May p. 84. Polyunsaturates, research on aided by molec- ular distillation; Apr. p. 18. Production, U. S.: by areas; Feb. p. 41, Aug. p. 34, Oct. Deweo) Dec. p. 36, monthly data; Jan. pp. 34, 35, Feb. pp. 41, 42, Mar. p. 23, Apr. p. 20, May p. 31, June p. 34, July pp. 41, 42, Aug. pp. 34, 35, Sept. pp. 30, 31, Oct. pp. 24, 25, Nov. p. 35, Dec. pp. 34, 35. South Africa Republic trends, Apr. 1963; Aug. p. 107. Sweden: foreign trade, 1961-1962; June p. 90. industry trends, fiscal year 1962/63; June p. 90. Use of fish meal and in cattle rations rec- ommended; July p. 42. Use of in highway construction investigated; Mar. p. 24, Use of in paints, more Federal specifications required for; Apr. p. 19. Uses, new, explored; Mar. p. 23. World fish catch, one-quarter used in fish meal and production; Jan. p. 77. World exports, 1962; Aug. p. 65. World production, estimated, 1955-63; Mar. p. 43, FISH PARASITES Indian Ocean, Virginia biologist to collect from; Apr. p. 30. FISH PASSAGE California Eel River, new fishway at Van Arsdale Dam may re-establish salmon run on; Apr. p. 15, FISH PORTIONS Frozen raw breaded: standards, Federal, for grades; July p. 100, Sept. Pe LOL Octa pel. Decaipsb. 22 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW FISH PORTIONS (cont.) Frozen raw breaded: (cont.): standards, Federal, for grades, public meetings on; Jan. p. 54. U.S. production; Apr. p. 28, June p. 45, July p. 56, Sept. p. 48. Whiting Sept. p. 2. tested at school-lunch conference; FISH PROCESSING Alaska: technological advice available from U.S. Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries Laboratory at Ketchikan; Dec. p. 13. Greenland, first privately financed Pp. 65. firm; Mar. FISH PRODUCTION World compares favorably with meat; July p. 68. FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE Canada, experiments on encouraging in; Mar. p. 52. Chile, U. S. interests study plans to build plant for in; Mar. p. 61. Ecuador, production of fish meal for human con- sumption in; Oct. p. 49. FAO sponsors meeting on the use of protein-rich foods in developing countries; Dec. p. 48. India, contract proposal received for research on from; Oct. p. 21. Production studies of MIT -UNICEF; Oct. p. 6. Research program, expanded, contracts awarded for ; Aug. p. 23. United Kingdom: bread made from exhibited at nutritional conference; Nov. p. 80. production of arouses interest; Dec. p. 81. World Food Congress, value of stressed by Interior Secretary in speech at; Aug. p. 67. for human consumption, FISHERY RESEARCH Soviet by submarine; Sept. p. 99. FISH SAUSAGE Canada, technologists develop whitefish; Mar. p. 53. made from FISH SAUSAGE AND HAMS Japanese production of , 1962; June p. 81. FISH SCALER Device to remove scales patented; Nov. p. 36. FISH SOLUBLES Denmark's exports, Jan.-Oct. 1962; Jan. p. 83. Growth factor in fish meal and still unidenti- fied; Aug. p. 31. Imports, U.S.: annual, 1961-62; Apr. p. 20. monthly data; Jan. pp. 35, 36, Feb. p. 41, May pp. 30, 31, June pp. 33, 34, July pp. 41, 42, Aug. pp. 33, 34, Sept. pp. 30, 31, Oct. pp. 24, 25, Nov. p. 35, Dec. pp. 34, 35. Production, U.S.: annual data; Apr. 20, Aug. p. 35. by area; Feb. p. 41, Aug. p. 34, Oct. p. 25, Dec. p. 36. 1963 Index FISH SOLUBLES Production, U.S.: monthly data; Jan. pp. 34, 35, 36, 37, Feb. pp. 41, 42, Mar. p. 23, Apr. p. 20, May pp. 30, 31, June pp. 34, 35, July pp. 41, 42, Aug. pp. 33, 34, Sept. pp. 30, 31, Oct. pp. 24, 25, Nov. p. 35, Dec. pp. 34, 35. Supply in U.S., 1961-62; Apr. p. 20. FISH STICKS Frozen fried: standards, Federal, new and amended, for grades of ; July p. 100, Oct. p. 71. standards, Federal, public meetings on; Jan. p. 54. Production in U.S.; Apr. p. 28, June p. 45, July p. 56, Sept. p. 48. United Kingdom consumers accept ; Feb. p. 89. Whiting tested at school-lunch conference; Sept paca FISHWAYS Oregon evaluates fish passage facilities over Pelton Dam; Apr. p. 24. FLEETS Second World Fishing Gear Congress, operations of fishing described by Japanese experts at; July p. 63. FLOATING CANNERY WeSts. Re , new, active in North Pacific and Bering Sea; Dec. p. 84. FLORIDA Clams, hard, seasonal distribution off west coast of surveyed by M/V "Oregon"; Feb. p. 31. Coral reef fish, feeding behavior study of; Nov. p. 31. Exploratory fishing for commercial species off ; duly p. 52. Landings, fisheries, on west coast, 1961; Feb. p. 38. Scallops, calico: availability off east coast of June p. 41. explorations off east coast of M/V "Silver Bay"; Jan. p. 53. Shrimp, royal-red, explorations off east coast of continued by M/V ''Silver Bay"; Jan. p. 53. , resurvey for; continued by FLOTSAM Tuna behavior near ocean June p. 77. studied by Japan; FLOUNDER U.S.S.R. surveys southeastern Bering Sea stocks; June p. 92. Yellowtail p. 44. abundance forecast for 1963; Feb. FOOD Irradiation preservation of ; Jan, p. 11. State and local food and drug laws, study of; Aug. p. 114. State laws, Food and Drug Administration to study; Mar. p. 87. United States tious; Aug. p. 113. supply is both safe and nutri- 1963 Index COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 23 FOREIGN FISHERIES Fisheries aid grants to foreign countries, 1955-1962; Sept. p. 104. FOOD ADDITIVES Calcium disodium EDTA, use permitted as a color retention additive in canned clams; Nov. p. 87. FOREIGN INVESTMENTS Tax forms, new, required from U.S. stockholders in foreign firms; Mar. p. 92. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION Advisory Committee on Marine Resources Research, first meeting of; Apr. p. 35. Brazil, Santa Catarina State, experts to sur- vey fishing possibilities in coastal waters of; Apr. FOREIGN TRADE p. 43. \ World trade in fishery products reaches new high Fish netting, extensive use of synthetic materials in 1961; Mar. p. 40. in; Aug. p. 66. Ghana, fishery development seminar held; Sept. p. 56. expert; Mar. p. 78. Kuwait fisheries survey by Marine Resources Research Advisory Committee meets in Rome; Mar. p. 40. Mechanized fishing fleets development discussed at IPFC Tenth Session; Jan. p. 66. Nigeria fisheries project, Polish scientists appoint- ed by to head; Jan. p. 108. Pesticides conference held in Rome; Jan. p. 67. Philippines: fisheries of biggest lake being studied; Mar. p. 81. fresh-water fish biologists from U.S. accepts assignment; Feb. p. 86. Protein-rich foods in developing areas, spon- sors meeting on use of; Dec. p. 48. South-West Atlantic Regional Fisheries Advisory Commission meets in Brazil; Feb. p. 59. West Africa Regional Fisheries Commission, first session held in Tunis of; Jan. p. 68. World fisheries, Fisheries Director talks on; Apr. p. 34. World Fishing Gear Congress, second, held in Lon- don; Aug. p. 67. World Food Congress, fisheries included in agenda of; June p. 55. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, U.S. Calcium disodium EDTA use permitted as a color retention additive in canned clams; Nov. p. 87. Fillets, fish, packaged, ''weighed at time of sale" policy issued by affects; Feb. p. 91. Fillets, fish, packaged, weighing at time of sale ap- proved for; Sept. p. 100. Fillets, frozen, packaged, permission to "weigh at time of sale" proposed by ; May p. 90. Food supply in United States is both safe and nurti- tious according to study; Aug. p. 113. Shrimp, frozen raw breaded: standards of identity, effective date stayed on; Aug. p. 114. standards of identity established; June p. 94. Smoked fish from Great Lakes area to be distrib- uted as a frozen food; Dec. p. 85. State and local food and drug laws, study of; Mar. p. 87, Aug. p. 114. Tuna, canned, standards, petition requests revision of; Dec. p. 85. FOOD STAMP PLAN Fish consumption by families; Jan. p. 17. FOOD STANDARDS Worldwide of; Aug. p. 65. FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL (see TREASURY, DEPARTMENT OF THE) and related low-income , first meeting held on development FOREIGN TRADE, U.S. Edible fishery products; Jan. p. 58, Feb. p. 55, Mar. p. 36, May p. 47, June p. 51, July p. 59, Aug. pp. 59, 60, Sept. p. 52, Oct. p. 36, Nov. p. 49. Imports and exports of fishery products, 1962; May p. 48. Imports of canned tuna in brine under quota proviso for 1963; May p. 47. Imports of fish meal and scrap by Customs Districts, Aug. 1963; Nov. p. 49. Sodium alginate import duty, U. S., reduced; Jan. p. 121. Tuna: fresh or frozen: imports through U. 5. Customs District of Puerto Rico, Jan.-June 1962; Jan. p. 57. World trade fair ship to exhibit American-made products; Dec. p. 44. FRANCE Italian-French contract to build fishing vessels for Korea held up; Dec. p. 72. Korea, South, contracts for modern fishing vessels from Italian-French group; Apr. p. 63. Korea, South, to authorize foreign exchange for fish- ing vessels under Italian-French contract; Oct. p. 60. Lobsters, spiny, and other shellfish imported from Cuba; July p. 74. Lobsters, spiny, exported by New Zealand to R Apr. p. 65. Lobster, spiny, fishing dispute with Brazil, arbitra- tion proposed for; May p. 64. Otter trawls in Northwest Atlantic, mesh size regu- lation for; Mar. p. 64. Sardines: canned: Moroccan exports to may be restricted; Feb. p. 82. frozen: Moroccan exports to encounter trouble again; Jan. p. 106. Moroccan exports to suspended again; Aug. jay Bs Shellfish, no longer requires certificate of wholesomeness for imports of certain; Oct. p. 49. Sodium alginate import duty, U. S., for prod- uct reduced; Jan. p. 121. Trawler: side type, new, equipped to freeze part of catch; Dec. p. 62. sterntypes for Soviets, will build; Aug. p. 112. Tuna: bases in South Pacific approved by , joint Japanese-French; Mar. p. 64. frozen: import licenses may not be issued in 1963; June p. 69. 24 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW FRANCE (cont.) Tuna (cont.): frozen (cont. ): imports of Japanese product; Feb. p. 67. market forecast, 1963; Feb. p. 74, New Caledonia Island, Japanese-French base planned for; Mar. p. 73. Vessels, fishing, shipyards get Korean order for 160; Feb. p. 67. FRASER RIVER Salmon: catch forecast for 1963; Feb. p. 47. International Pacific Salmon Commission program discussed at meeting; Sept. p. 57. North Pacific run to » excessive escapement threatens; Sept. p. 44. sockeye excessive mortality under study by Inter- national Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission; Dec. p. 51. FREEZE-DRYING New Zealand firm considers building fish; Apr. p. 64. plant for FREEZING Oyster meats, Pacific: storage life of individually frozen product glazed with plain water or with solutions of ascorbic acid or corn syrup solids; Apr. p. 1. FREIGHT : Minimum rate regulations, fisheries and farm orga- nizations support removal for bulk commodities of; May p. 44, Ocean pooling system, Japanese and United States steamship companies reach agreement on; Jan, p. 104, ‘Rail-barge service, new, to southeastern Alas- ka via Prince Rupert, B. C.; Mar. p. 32. FREIGHT RATES Railroads, eastern, seek higher ice and salt charges; Apr. p. 27. FRENCH GUIANA Shrimp: ; fishery of Feb, p. 68. firm established by U. S, interests expands; Aug. p. 88. U. S. firms, two, expand operations; June p. 69. to be developed by two U.S. firms; FRENCH POLYNESIA Fisheries improvement planned; Feb, p. 68. Pearl shell fishery; Feb. p. 68. FRESH AND FROZEN FISHERY PRODUCTS (see DEFENSE, DEPARTMENT OF Defense Department purchases, 1962; May p. 26. FRESH FISH Canada proposes refrigeration standards for car- riers of ; Mar. p. 57. Quality of , new method of assessing; Sept. p. 33. FRESH-WATER FISH Animal feeds from underutilized begun on production of; Oct. p. 24. fish, studies 1963 Index FROG(S) Japan's industry and exports; Sept. p. 76. FROZEN FISH Canada's long-range prospects for exports to Europe promising; May p. 61. Denmark's new product to be marketed; Apr. p. 49. Drip, patent granted for chemical solution that re- duces; Feb, p. 25. Icelandic production, 1962; Apr. p. 53. Norway's exports marketing group sets record in year ending June; Dec. p. 75. Rail shipment, direct, of from southeastern Alaska to other states; Oct. p. 33. Weight, net, determination for frozen and glazed fish; Oct. p. 1, FROZEN FISHERY PRODUCTS Canada proposes refrigeration standards for carriers of ; Mar. p. 57. FROZEN FOODS Shipping container, new large, developed; May p. 28. FUR SEAL(S) Alaska: contract awarded for the processing and sale of skins; Apr. p. 80. prices for skins at fall 1963 auction lower; Dec. p. 25. prices for skins at spring 1963 auction set another record; June p. 24. skin prices at fall 1962 auction set record; Jan, p. 28, skins appraised prior to letting processing contract; Feb. p. 26, Canada's scientists report on ; Mar. p. 53. Interim Convention on North Pacific Fur Seals: protocol amending signed; Dec. p. 52. protocol to amend drafted at conference; Apr. p. 35. North Pacific Fur Seal Commission: annual meeting, sixth, report on; Jan, p. 72. annual meeting, sixth, statement by Secretary of the Interior at the; Jan. p. 74. Pribilof Islands! skin take lower; Jan. p. 28. FUTURES Shrimp, frozen, trading opens on Chicago Mercan- tile Exchange; Dec. p. 42. GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY Fish oils, aids in identifying fatty acids of; Aug. p. 22, GEAR "Bubble curtain" used with eel traps in Denmark; Jan, p. 86, Chafing problems discussed by Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Commission; Aug. p. 76. Crab pot, Chesapeake Bay commercial type, modi- fications of; Jan. p. 12, Electronic device speeds collection of plankton; Dec: p. 38. Fish hook extracting device patented, new; Apr. p. 21. Hand lines, description of; Jan. p. 144. Harpoons, description of; July p. 133. 1963 Index COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 25 GEAR (cont. ) Herring-like fish, fishing tested for catching; Jan. p. 51. Long-line swordfish fishery off New England suc- cessful in 1962; May p, 43. Purse seine, modified, successful in Japanese skipjack tuna fishery; Nov. p. 72. Reel, fishing: electrically operated, with brake, patented; Jan. p. 37. "hydraulic" brake type patented; Mar. p. 24. Seine skiffs carried on tuna purse seiners need not be licensed; Mar. p. 35. Shrimp trawl doors, V-design tested for; Julyp. 40. Sonic fishing aids, new, marketed by Norwegian firm; May p. 82. Trawl nets: mesh regulations in Canada save small cod; July Doped system of measuring and telemetering tested and evaluated; June p. 37, Nov. p. 37. Trawl(s): new type and conventional » comparative tests at sea made with; Apr. p. 76. ‘off-bottom" investigated ("John N. Cobb" Cruise 59); Aug. p. 42. pelagic type, "John N. Cobb", progress report on development of; July p. 17. "pocket" factory stern-trawler, new Norwegian; Nov. p. 76, shrimp studies; July p. 39. Trolling tackle, new hand winch attachment patented for; Jan, p. 37. World Fishing Gear Congress, second, held in London; Aug. p. 67. GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE (GATT) Canada's import surcharges discussed by 5 Jan. p. 69. Common markets discussed by ; Jan. p. 69. Import restrictions discussed by ; Jan, p. 68. Tariff schedules given effect by Presidential pro- clamation, changes in; Sept. p. 111. Trade Expansion Act of U.S. and ; Jan. p. 68. Twentieth Session ends; Jan. p. 68. GENERAL FISHERIES COUNCIL FOR THE MEDITER- RANEAN Seventh session held in Madrid; May p. 53. "GEORGE B, KELEZ" Activation of research vessel ; Aug. p. 6. GEORGES BANK U.S.S.R. fishing on ; Aug. p. 112. GEORGIA Exploratory fishing for commercial species off ; July p. 52. Scallop, calico, explorations off coast of a Jan, p. 53, June p. 41. GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Fisheries research cooperation by » the Soviet Union, and Poland; Oct. p. 43. GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC Factoryships, eight, ordered by Soviets from 5 Oct. p. 67. Fish meal and marine oil industry trends, 1962; June p. 69. Marine oils: imports, 1960-62; Apr. p. 50. industry trends, 1962; June p. 69. North Sea area, fishing industry proposes free inter- national market for; Nov. p. 62: Oceanographic research; July p. 75. Quality of catch may be improved by electrocution device; July p. 74, Oct. p. 50. Research laboratories for fisheries; Feb. p. 69. Stern-trawler factoryships, financial data on; Jan. p. 90. Stern-trawler, new; Apr. p. 51. Trawlers, distant-water, subsidy fails to fill gap between profit and loss for; July p. 75. Vessel, fishing, new type, designed for 'lugger'' fishery; Apr. p. 51. Vessel, new, orders by Soviets uncertain; June p. 70. GHANA Distribution and marketing plans of for fisher - ies; Sept. p. 66. FAO seminar on fishery development held in g Sept. p. 56. Fisheries expansion program; Sept. p. 66, Fish meal and cannery plants included in construc- tion contract; Aug. p. 88. Japanese bases in may be affected by competi- tion with Soviet trawlers; May. p. 74. Soviet-built fishing vessel delivered to ; May p. 64, Soviet Union, fisheries training for Ghanaians in; Sept. p. 98. Stern trawlers, receives two British-built; Nov. p. 63. Territorial waters extension debated; June p. 71. Trawlers from Japan; Sept. p. 68, Nov. p. 62. Tuna: base, foreign-owned, fisheries bill stirs debate on; Feb. p. 70. market forecast, 1963; Feb. p. 74. purse seine vessels, new, American fishermen train crews on; Jan, p. 91. Vessels, fishing, ordered from foreign shipyards; Sept. p. 66. GILL NETS (see NETS) GREAT LAKES Canadian research program for 1963; Aug. p. 81. Conference on research; July p. 48. Lake Erie trawl fishing investigation continued; Aug. p. 23. Lake herring and chubs, spawning habits surveyed in Apostle Islands area by M/V "Siscowet" of; Feb, p. 30. Lake Michigan: landings from drop sharply in 1962; June p. 36 trawling survey of southern part (Aug. -Nov. 1960); Feb, p. 1. Lake trout, fin-clipped, recaptured by M/V ''Siscowet" in 1962; Feb. p. 30. 26 GREAT LAKES Sea lamprey control measures in producing results, Canada-United States; Jan. p. 72. Smoked fish from area to be distributed as a frozen food; Dec. p. 85. GREAT LAKES FISHERIES EXPLORATIONS AND GEAR RESEARCH Lake Erie trawl fishing investigation by M/V''Kaho"'; July p. 37, Aug. p. 23. Exploratory fishing in Lake Erie by M/V "Kaho"; July p. 37. Lake Michigan: trawling investigations in northern area; Aug. p.23, Sept. p. 25, Nov. p. 32. trawling survey of southern area; Feb. pp. 1, 27. GREAT LAKES FISHERY COMMISSION Lake trout planting in Lake Superior; Aug, p. 69. Meeting in Ottawa; Jan. p. 71. Sea lamprey control measures in Great Lakes pro- ducing results, Canada-United States; Jan. p. 72. GREAT LAKES FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS Lake Erie fish population survey for 1962 completed (M/V ''Musky II" October-November 1962); Jan. p. 29. Lake Michigan: chubs and associated species, depth distribution studies of (M/V "Cisco" cruise 7); Oct. p. 21. fish population survey continued; Jan, p. 30, July p. 37, Aug. p. 27. gill nets, experimental, fished by M/V "'Siscowet"; Nov. p. 33, lake trout distribution studies continued (M/V "Siscowet'' Cruise 6); Nov. p. 33. Lake Superior: biological research program for 1963 by M/V "Siscowet''; May p. 28. environmental conditions in Apostle Islands area studied (M/V ''Siscowet'' Cruise 4); Sept. p. 29. fishery survey in western area for 1963 continued; Aug. p. 28, Sept. p. 28. lake herring and chubs, spawning habits surveyed in Apostle Islands area of (M/V ''Siscowet'' Cruise 10); Feb. p. 30. lake trout distribution studies continued; Jan. p.31, Aug. p. 27, Oct. p. 22, Dec. p. 26. whitefish spawning in Apostle Islands area sur- veyed; Feb. p. 30. Limnology studies in 1962 by the Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries, summary of; Aug. p. 26. Sea lamprey control in Lake Michigan and Lake Superior; July p. 38, Oct. p. 23. GREAT LAKES INSTITUTE Research program for 1963; Aug, p. 81. GREECE Eel prices, Aug. 1962; Jan. p. 91. Fisheries to be developed under 5-year plan; Dec. p. 63. Fisheries trends, Jan.-Mar. 1963; July p. 76. Fishermen, number of, increases; June p. 71. Fishery landings, 1962; Apr. p. 52. Freezership, large, landings higher in Jan.-Aug. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1963 period; Dec. p. 63. Frozen fish: consumption, August 1962; Jan. p. 92, 1963 Index | GREECE Frozen fish: landings by Atlantic freezer-trawler fleet; Jan. pawo2e reefer fleet increases landings in first quarter of 1963; Oct. p. 50. Outboard motors help fishermen; Apr. p. 52. Sponges: fishery, active, expected in 1963; June p. 71. landings, 1962; Apr. p. 52. Trawling fleet, status of; Jan. p. 92. GREENLAND Exports, fishery, increase in 1962; Apr. p. 47. Fishing limits: law modified to consider historic fishing rights; Aug. p. 88. 12 mile limit established; July p. 76. Fish-processing firm, first privately-financed; Mar. p. 65. Landings, fishery, increase in 1962; Apr. p. 47. West waters explored by Norwegian fisheries research vessel; Feb. p. 83. GROUNDFISH Feeding periodicity of tross IV"; Oct. p. 29. Fillets, import tariff-rate quota for 1963; Apr. p.82. Landings, Jan,-June 1963; Sept. p. 48. New England fishing banks, abundance forecast on; June p, 25, North Atlantic distribution and abundance studies of young-of-the-year haddock and other contin- ued; Jan, p. 40, Sept. p. 37. studied by M/V ''Alba- GUATEMALA Shrimp: exports increased sharply in 1962; Feb. p. 70. Japanese-Guatemala, joint, fishing venture; May p. 64, GUINEA Fishing venture, joint, with Japanese proposed; June p. 71. GULF AND CARIBBEAN COMMISSION Annual meeting, 16th, held in Miami; Nov. p. 52. GULF AND CARIBBEAN FISHERIES INSTITUTE Fisheries problems, international, discussed at Miami meeting; Dec. p.49. GULF COAST Soviet fishing activities off , Mar.-Apr. 1963; June p. 92, GULF EXPLORATORY FISHERY PROGRAM Gulf of Mexico, northern, animal life studies contin- ued (M/V ''Oregon" Cruise 82); Jan, p. 31. International Cooperative Investigation of the Tropi- cal Atlantic, M/V ''Oregon'' (Cruise 84) participates in; Mar. p. 22. Shrimp: deep-water species behavior study tures in Gulf of Mexico by M/V"' p. 38, Aug. p. 28. gear research coordinated with marking studies (M/V "Silver Bay'' Cruise 49); Aug. p. 28. gear studies by M/V ''George M. Bowers"; July p. 39, Dec. p. 27. with motion pic- Oregon"; July 1963 Index GULF EXPLORATORY FISHERY PROGRAM (cont. ) Shrimp (cont. ): royal-red: production-type fishing tried in Gulf of Mexico; Jan. p. 31, seasonal distribution surveyed in Gulf of Mexico by M/V "Oregon"'; Feb. p. 31, Nov. p. 34, South America northeast coast surveyed by M/V "Oregon"; June p. 25. GULF FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS Behavior program; June p. 30, Dec. p. 28. Chemical laboratory studies, Jan.-Mar.; June p.31. Contract research, Jan.-Mar. 1963; June p. 31. Estuarine program; June p. 29, Dec. p. 28. Industrial fishery program, Jan.-Mar, 1963; June p. 29. Physiology and behavior program, July-Sept. 1963; Dec. p. 28. Shrimp: distribution studies; Jan. p. 32, Feb. p. 37, Apr. p. 18, May p. 29, June p. 31, July p. 40, Aug. p. 29, Sept. p. 29, Oct. p. 23, Dec. p. 32. fishery program; Feb, p. 32, June p. 27, Dec. p.28. gear research by M/V "Silver Bay" coordinated with marking studies; Aug. p. 28. mortality studies, pink species stained and released for (M/V "Silver Bay" Cruise 44); Feb. p. 37. Studies conducted; Feb. p. 32, June p. 27, Dec. p. 28. GULF OF ALASKA Shrimp, Japanese fishing in for; Oct. p. 55. Soviet king-crab fleet leaves 3 Sept. p.92. GULF OF GUINEA Trawling survey of » International Cooperative Investigations of the Tropical Atlantic will include; June p. 56. GULF OF MEXICO Clams, hard, seasonal distribution surveyed by M/V "Oregon"; Feb. p. 31. Engineering projects as they affect fishery re- sources in Texas estuaries; Feb. p. 36, June p.29. Estuarine program studies ecology of western estuaries; Feb. p. 35. Fauna distribution of upper Continental Slope sur- veyed by M/V "Oregon"; Feb. p. 31. Oyster industry of ; Mar. p. 8. Shrimp: distribution studies in ; Feb. p. 37, Sept. p. 29. royal-red species seasonal distribution surveyed by M/V "Oregon"; Feb. p. 31. Soviet fishing activities in area; Apr. p. 75. GULF STATES Landings, fisheries, 1961; Feb. p. 38. HADDOCK Canadian scientists review research on at 1962 annual meeting; Mar. p. 54.. Fillets: irradiated » research on; Jan. p. 38. multiple-irradiated evaluated for quality; Mar. p. 25. Line-trawl fishery for cod and Mass.; June p. 14, at Chatham, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 27 HADDOCK North Atlantic: abundance forecast for 1963; Feb. p. 43. distribution and abundance studies of young-of-the- year and other groundfish continued; Jan. p. 40, Sept. p. 37. United Kingdom minimum landing sizes increased for ; Apr. p. 76. HAITI Fishing firm, new, established; July p. 76. United States firm to establish fishing enterprise in 3; Nov. p. 63. HAKE Japanese Atlantic trawlers may fish ; Oct. p. 56. Japanese firm concludes contract to export to Spain; Sept. p. 76. Pacific Ocean: distribution and abundance of adult off southern California and northern Mexico studied; Mar. p. 27, June p. 38. Red measurements of length-girth made on cruise 63-5 by M/V ''Albatross IV;"' Sept. p. 37. HALIBUT Alaska: heading machine, pneumatic, for cold-storage plant; July p. 28. landings, first of 1963 season at Ketchikan; July p. 28. Bering Sea, eastern: catch in 1963; Aug. p. 14. conservation recommendations for p. 42, fishery for , proposal to open to Japanese fishermen supported by Interior Department; installed by ; Mar. Mar. p. 87. Japanese fishing for » approval delayed for; June p. 62. Japanese fishing for , hearing held on; Mar. p. 23. British Columbia Committee reports on fishing limits and Japanese participation in fishery; May p. 60. Canada increases imports of octopus for bait; June p, 63. TS En Fishing season in 1963, vessels prepare for early; June p. 21. Frozen: Japanese exports; Mar. p. 77, Sept. p. 75. weight, net, determination for glazed saOCt. pewele International North Pacific Fisheries Commission; Japanese fishery in Bering Sea, recommends no abstention for; Jan. p. 64. Japan gains new fishing grounds in eastern Pacific; June p. 57. Japan: Bering Sea fishery, delay anticipated in initiating; May p. 74. Bering Sea research to include and other bottomfish; May. p. 74. fishery trends, June 1963; Aug. p. 94. North Pacific Fisheries Convention amendment enters into force; Aug. p. 75. North Pacific: fishing in Area 3A ended Aug. 9, 1963; Sept. p.56. regulations for 1963; Mar. p. 41, Aug. p. 70. 28 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW HALIBUT (cont. ) White House accepts recommendation to permit Japanese to fish for in eastern Bering Sea; May p. 91. HAND LINES Description of ; Jan. p. 144, HARPOONS Description of ; July p. 133, HATCHERIES California floods damage fish stocks; Apr. p. 14. National Fish produce record quantity of fish in 1961; Jan. p. 28. Oyster , experimental, being built in Canada; Sept. p. 60. Salmon; Columbia River fish Sept. p. 45, Oct. py ol. comparison of rearing methods; Jan. p. 49. Shellfish and their future; Jan. p. 7. evaluation program; HAWAII Landings, commercial fishery; Jan. p. 33, May p. 30, June p. 33, Dec. p. 33. Oceanic eddies southeast and southwest of Oahu, , surveyed by M/V "Charles H. Gilbert"; Aug. p. 21, Nov. p. 26. Oceanography program, North Pacific trade wind zone; Oct. p. 30. Tuna: skipjack: abundance in p. 24. landings;June p. 33, Aug. p. 30, Sept. p. 30, Oct. p. 24, Nov. p. 35, Dec. p. 34. seasonal availability may be predicted from studies of oceanographic climate; Feb. p. 23. season, good, forecast for in 1963; May p. 45. _ waters; June p. 22, Dec. HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE, DEPART- MENT OF (see FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE) HERRING Alaska: abundance of good in southeastern part; Feb. p. 15. bait fishery, May 1, 1963; July p. 28. roe- fishery, joint Japanese-Alaskan, pro- posed for Prince William Sound in 1963; May p. 16. Canada: British Columbia price dispute settled; Feb. p. 65. export of roe to Japan proposed; May p. 75, landings of for 1962/63 season set new re- cord; June p. 64. Filleting machine developed in Belgium for and pilchard; Feb. p. 63. Great Lakes , Spawning habits survey of; Feb. p. 30. Iceland: fisheries trends; Mar. p. 68, Apr. p. 54, Dec. p. 64, South Coast ''share-of-the-catch'' dispute; Jan, p. 92, Feb. p. 71. 1963 Index HERRING Iceland: Westman Islands, new planned for; July p. 77. International North Pacific Fisheries Commission: Japanese fishery off west coast of Queen Charlotte Islands, recommends no abstention for; Jan. p. 64. Japan gains new Pacific; June p. processing facility fishing grounds in eastern Japan: Bering Sea fishery trends, Aug. 1963; Nov. jo, aka catch of , 1957-1961 and Jan. -Sept. 1962; Jan. p. 103 import from U. S.S.R., Federation requests per- mit to; Dec. p. 67. imports increased of Soviet-produced ; June p. 81. roe- fishery, joint Japanese-Alaskan, pro- posed for Prince William Sound in 1963; May p.16. Maine's research on , Aug. 1962; Jan, p. 42. North Atlantic populations of adult sampled; Sept. p. 35. North Carolina, fishing gear for catching fish tested off coast of; Jan. p. 51. Norway: power block proves successful in fishery; May p. 82. winter catch, 1963; May p. 80. -like seine HIGHWAYS Construction of damage to fish and wildlife, policy developed to prevent; Oct. p. 70. HONDURAS Shrimp: fishery expands; Aug. p. 89, Oct. p. 50. fishery, United States firm enters ; Feb. p.71. HONG KONG Abalone exports to planned by Australia; Apr. p. 39. Fisheries trends, first quarter 1963; Aug. p. 89. Fish farming adds to food supply; Mar. p. 65. Fish-farming industry, new, hit hard by drought in early 1963; Aug.p. 89. HUNGARY Trade agreement with Iceland includes fishery pro- ducts; May p. 67. HY POXANTHINE Fresh fish quality assessment aided by use of 5 Sept. p. 33. ICE FISHING Aid, new, patented; Aug. p. 35. ICELAND British trawler fined; Jan. p. 92. Exports of fishery products; Jan. p. 92, Apr. p. 53, May p. 66, July p, 76, Aug. p. 89, Oct. p. 51, Nov. p. 63, Dec. p. 63. Fishery trends; Jan. p. 92, Mar. p. 67, Apr.p. 53, June p. 72, Oct. p. 51. Fishing conference by British, proposed, stirs de- bate; July p. 77. 1963 Index ICELAND (cont. ) Fishing fleet and estimated fishery landings 1961-62; Mar. p. 67. Fishing fleet, record expansion in 1963 planned for; July p. 78. Fish meal production and exports; Jan. p. 66, Mar. p. 39, Apr. p. 33, May p. 52. Fish oil exports; Jan. -June 1963; Nov. p. 63. Fish oil used in paints; May p. 65. Fre@zing fish fillets, license to use U.S. process in; Jan. p. 92. Frozen fish: fillets, contract signed for sale to the Soviet Union of; June p. 72. production, 1962; Apr. p. 53. Herring: fishery trends; Mar. p. 68, Apr. p. 54, Dec. p. 64. processing facility, new, planned for Westman Islands; July p. 77. South Coast ''share-of-the-catch" dispute; Jan. Pp. 925) Rebs (p.ut1is Landings, fishery: principal species; Jan. p. 93, Mar. p. 67, Apr. p. 54, May. p. 64, July p. 76, Aug. p. 90, Sept. p. 68, Dec. p. 64. utilization; Jan. p. 93, Mar. p. 67, Apr. p. 54, May p. 67, July p. 77, Aug. p. 90, Sept. p. 68, Dec. p. 63. Loans to aid fishing industry; June p. 72. Prices, ex-vessel, for fresh fish established for 1963; Mar. p. 67. Processing of fish, new center for; Apr. p. 53. Salmon smoking, new method of; Apr. p. 53. Salt fish, firm granted permission to export; May p. 66) Soviet Bloc countries, bilateral trade with; Oct. p. 51. Soviet- new protocol to trade agreement affects fishery exports; Apr. p. 54. Trade agreement with Hungary includes fishery products; May p. 67. Trawlers handicapped by labor shortage; Junep. 72. Vessels, newly converted freezer trawler, maiden trip successful for; Aug. p. 90, Nov. p. 64. IMPORTS Airborne ,U.S., of fishery products; Feb. p.54, June p. 50, July p. 58, Aug. p. 58, Sept. p. 51, Nov. p. 48, Dec. p. 43. Anchovy oil, changes in posed for; Apr. p. 82. Canned fish, Norwegian exports of; Jan, -June 1962; Jan. p. 109. Danish exports of fishery products to U.S.; Jan. p. 85, July p. 73, Sept. p. 62. Denmark's new frozen fish product to be marketed; Apr. p. 49. Edible fishery products, fresh, frozen, and proc- essed; Jan. p. 58, Feb. p. 55, Mar. p. 36, May p. 47, June p. 51, July p. 59, Aug. pp. 59, 60, Sept. p. 52, Oct. p. 36, Nov. p. 49. European Free Trade Association: duties on , acceleration of Convention time- table for the elimination of; Oct. p. 39. quantitative restrictions on » acceleration of the elimination of; Oct. p. 39. Faroe Islands new filleting plant to export to U.S.; Jan. p. 90. Fillets, frozen, Faroese exports of; Jan. -Sept. 1962; Mar. p. 64. tariff schedules pro- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 29 IMPORTS Fishery products and gear, changes in tariff schedules proposed for; Apr. p. 82. Fish meal: U.S. ; Jan. pp. 35, 36, 37, Feb. p. 41, Apr. p. 20, May pp. 30, 31, June pp. 34, 52, July pp. 41, 42, Aug. pp. 32,34, Sept. pp. 30, 31, 53, Oct. pp. 24, 25, 36, Nov. pp. 35, 49, Dec. p. 34. Fish solubles: U.S. ; Jan. pp. 35, 36, 37, Feb. p. 41, Apr. p. 20, May pp. 30, 31, June p. 34, July pp. 41, 42, Aug. pp. 32, 34, Sept. pp. 30, 31, Oct. pp. 24, 25, Nov. p. 35, Dec. p. 34. Groundfish fillets tariff-rate quota for 1963; Apr. p. 82. Halibut, frozen, Japanese exports of; Sept. p. 75. Japan: exports of fishery products to U.S., p. 56. importation of Spanish-caught fish opposed by Japanese Trawlers Association; Oct. p. 59. Products of U.S. fisheries, U.S. of, 1960-61 and Jan, -April 1962; Jan. p. 58. Selected fishery products, 1962; May p. 48. Shrimp, U.S. of; Jan. p. 50, Apr. p. 25, May p. 42, July p. 52, Aug. p. 51, Sept. p. 46, 1962; Oct. Oct py s3e Tuna canned in brine: Japan: exports to U.S., Jan. p. 97, June p. 75. price for June-July exports unchanged; Aug. p.91. sales to U.S., Sept. pp. 70,71, Nov. p. 65. Malayan exports to U.S.; Feb. p. 80. quota, U.S. under; Jan. p. 57, Feb. p. 55, Mar. p. 37, May p. 47, Aug. p. 58, Sept. p.52, Nov. p. 50, Dec. p. 43. Uase quota, Japanese request study of; Dec. p. 66. Tuna, toner Indonesia, first exports to U.S. from; Mar. p. 68. Japan: export prices; Sept. p. 70. exports to U.S.; Jan. p. 94, June p. 76, Aug. Pp: 192,,Dec:| “p65: Puerto Rico, through U.S. Customs District of; Jan. -June 1962; Jan. p. 57. United Kingdom's value of imported fishery products among world's highest; Apr. p. 79. United States: Tariff rates in 1963 and 1934 on fishery products imported from Japan in 1962; Oct. p. 56. trend in of fishery products during 1961; Jjanysp woos INDIA Community fisheries project, Indo-Norwegian, successful; July p. 78. Fishery resources, U.S. firm to survey for invest- ment opportunity; June p. 72. Fish protein concentrate, contract proposal received from for research on; Oct. p. 21. Indian Ocean Biological Center established; July ip Ue Japanese- ,joint, fishing venture proposed; July pas. Japan, fishing venture sought by firm with; Jan. p. 93, Marine oils, imports of, 1961-62; June p. 72. 30 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW INDIA (cont. ) Shrimp and fish project, United States collaboration sought for; Mar. p. 68. INDIAN AFFAIRS, BUREAU OF (see INTERIOR, DEPARTMENT OF ) INDIAN FISHING Alaska: commercial fishing regulations for Indians; Aug. pee lid. Fish and Wildlife Service Commissioner authorized to enforce regulations; Aug. p. 115. INDIAN OCEAN Fish parasites, Virginia biologist to collect from ; Apr. p. 30. International Expedition, meeting of IOC to coordinate plans for technical studies of the bicl- ogy of the in connection with; May; p. 55. Soviets find new fishing grounds in ; Nov. p. 84, Tuna: Japan: fishing reported poor in 3; dan. p. 99. restrictions on transshipment ports re- moved; Feb. p. 74. Soviet research in ; July p. 94, Virginia fishery biologist participates in pedition; Apr. p. 30. ex- INDONESIA Canned fish market limited; Aug. p. 91. Oceanographic research vessel, new,delivered; Nov. p. 64. Territorial waters, Malayan fishing vessels barred from; May p. 77. : Tuna, frozen, first exports to U.S.; Mar. p. 68. INDO-PACIFIC FISHERIES COUNCIL Mechanized fishing fleets development discussed at Tenth Session of ; Jan. p. 66, INDUSTRIAL FISH Gulf of Mexico: commercial catch sampling, Jan. -Mar. 1963; June p. 29. distribution and abundance of western Gulf bottom - fish, studies of, Jan.-Mar. 1963; June p. 29. Menhaden studies in Gulf of Mexico; Feb. p. 36. Sea trout studies in Gulf of Mexico; Feb. p. 36. INDUSTRIAL FISHERY PRODUCTS Animal feeds from underutilized fresh-water fish, studies begun on production of; Oct. p. 24. Denmark: exports; Jan. pp. 83, 84, Mar. p. 63, May p. 63, July p. 73. 4 foreign trade in Fish meal: animal nutrition, observations on use in; Sept. p. 32, demand, present and future factors that may in- fluence; Mar. p. 1. exports for selected countries; Apr. p. 33, July p. 62. market trends in Southeastern States surveyed; Apr. p. 19). , 1962; July p. 73. Index 1963 INDUSTRIAL FISHERY PRODUCTS Fish meal: poultry feeds, cost factor important of use in; Aug. p. 30. production for selected countries; Apr. p. 33, July p. 62. protein digestibility tests improved by lowering concentration of pepsin; Aug. p. 32. protein. values, net, determined without chemical analysis; Aug. p. 31. source, reliable, of trace minerals; Sept. p. 31. U.S. imports up sharply in March 1963; Junep. 52. Fish meal and oil: production, one-quarter of world catch used in; Jan, p. 77. use in cattle rations recommended; July p. 42. Fish meal and solubles: growth factor still unidentified; Aug. p. 31. U.S. supply; Jan. p. 36, Feb. p. 41, Apr. p. 20, May p. 30, June p. 34, July p. 41, Aug. pp. 32, 33, Sept. p. 30, Oct. p. 25, Dec. p. 34, Fish meal, oil, and solubles: U.S. production; Jan. pp. 34, 35, Feb. p, 41, Mar. p. 23, Apr. p. 20, May p. 31, June p. 34, July pp. 41, 42, Aug. p. 34, Sept. pp. 30, 31, Oct. p. 25, Dec. pp. 34, 36. U.S, supply, major indicators for; Jan. p. 35, Feb. p. 40, Apr. p. 20, June p. 35, July p. 42, Aug. p. 33, Sept. p. 30, Oct. p. 24, Nov. p. 35, Dec. p. 35. Fish oil: animal nutrition, observations on use in; Sept. p. 32. European market trends, Feb. 1963; May. p. 33. market, present and future; May p. 12. use in highway construction investigated; Mar. p. 24. uses, new,explored; Mar. p. 23. world exports, 1962; Aug. p. 65. INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS Fish protein concentrate for human consumption, MIT-UNICEF production studies of; Oct. p. 6. INFRARED RADIOMETRY Sea surface temperatures, use of tion of; Feb. p. 44. Temperature survey of mid-Atlantic shelf, used in monthly airborne; July p. 48. for collec- INSPECTION Canned fish, can-draining device to aid sample in- spection of; Oct. p. 17. Fees, new, for fishery products Interior Department; Mar. p. 89. Fishery products » voluntary, five years of; Nov. p. 11. services by INSURANCE (see MORTGAGE INSURANCE PROGRAM) INTER-AMERICAN TROPICAL TUNA COMMISSION Tuna: bluefin tagged off Mexico by south of Japan; Aug. p. 53. yellowfin, proposes lower quota for Eastern Pacific catch of; June p. 55. recaptured Index 1963 INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMIS- SION, UNESCO Biological Committee Meeting; May p. 55. INTERIOR, DEPARTMENT OF THE (also see COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, BUREAU OF; and FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE) Alaskan fur seal skins, contract awarded for proc- essing’ and sale of; Apr. p. 80. American Fisheries Advisory Committee, Interior Secretary appoints four to; Jan. p. 23. Fish and Wildlife Service: Commercial Fisheries, Bureau of: educational grants awarded to aid national ocean- ography program; May p. 34. fisheries laboratory at Seattle, Wash., contract awarded for new; Aug. p. 22. standards, Federal, for grades of frozen raw breaded fish portions; Dec. p. 86. Commissioner's Office, Assistant for Public Affairs named to; Mar. p. 89. National aquarium, proposed, plans emphasize research and educational role of; Mar. p. 26. National Fisheries Center, Assistant Director appointed for; Nov. p. 88. Fishermen, self-employed, urges restora- tion of Public Health Service benefits to; Oct.p. 20. Fish protein concentrate, Secretary of the stresses value of; Aug. p. 67. Halibut, eastern Bering Sea, proposal to open fish- ery to Japanese fishermen supported by 9 Mar. p. 87. Highway construction damage to fish and wildlife, policy developed jointly by and Department of Commerce to prevent; Oct. p. 70. Indian Affairs, Bureau of: Alaska, southeast, salmon canneries, study by planned on; Mar. p. 18. Indian commercial fishing regulations in Alaska; June p. 96, Aug. p. 115. North Pacific Fisheries Convention conference opened by Secretary; Aug. p. 70. Pesticides research to develop new compounds favored by ; Aug. p. 47. Science advisor, new, to secretary appointed; Apr. p. 80. Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Bureau of: Alaska regional office closed in reorganization; Aug. p. 115. Submarine, research, feasibility study proposed by 3; May p. 35. Tuna market promotion aided by and USDA; Aug. p. 54. INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE (see TREASURY DEPARTMENT) INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FISH MEAL MANUFACTURERS Fourth Annual Conference held in Peru; Nov. p. 53. INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA Paraguay, deposit of Instrument of Acceptance of by; Nov. p. 53. States which had accepted the 1963; Nov. p. 53. as of Sept. 11, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 31 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE INVESTIGATIONS OF THE TROPICAL ATLANTIC EQUALANT II: communications satellite assists oceanographers; Dec. p. 37. data quality control experiment; Dec. p. 39. second phase completed; Dec. p. 50. EQUALANT III, plans for; Dec. p. 50. Guinean trawling survey; June p. 56. Meeting held in Paris; Aug. p. 78. "Oregon", M/V, participates in ; Mar. p. 22, June p. 25. INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE EXPLORATION OF THE SEA Fiftieth Statutory Meeting, report on; Jan. p. 70. INTERNATIONAL INDIAN OCEAN EXPEDITION Central Pacific Fisheries Investigations: plans for participation in ; Apr. p. 16. INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION Fishing industry working conditions reviewed by ; Mar. p. 40. Fishing industry work rules discussed at Geneva meeting; Feb. p. 61. INTERNATIONAL NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES COM- MISSION Conference reconvenes in Tokyo; Nov. p. 54, Japan gains new halibut and herring fishing grounds in eastern Pacific; June p. 57. INTERNATIONAL PACIFIC FISHERIES COMMISSION Japanese Fisheries Agency Director comments on meeting of BPDEC pel INTERNATIONAL PACIFIC HALIBUT COMMISSION Halibut, North Pacific: Eastern Bering Sea, conservation recommenda- tions for; Mar. p. 42. fishing in Area 3A ended Aug. 9, 1963; Sept.p. 56. regulations for 1963; Mar. p. 41, Aug. p. 70. INTERNATIONAL PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES COMMISSION Meets at Washington, D.C.; Sept. p. 57. Salmon, | pink: catch for 1963, p. 41. fishing regulations reviewed for first half of Sept. 1963; Oct. p. 41. regulatory problems discussed; Oct. p. 42. run in Convention waters, proper harvest planned for; Oct. p. 40. considers division of; Oct. INTERNATIONAL WHALING COMMISSION Annual Meeting, Fifteenth; Aug. p. 78. Commissioner, new, appointed by Canada; July p. 65. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION Fishery products included in proposed standard commodity code for reporting purposes; Apr. p. 81. Motor carrier rates for fish and shellfish, hearings scheduled on; May p. 91. Ruling on cooked vegetables, Federal Court enjoins enforcement of; Feb. p. 94. 32 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION (cont. ) Truck detention charges on trial basis in Middle At- lantic and New England Territories approved by ; Mar. p. 90. INSTRUMENTATION Oceanography: center established at Washington, D.C.; Mar. p.28. Commercial Fisheries Bureau establishes program; Mar. p. 27. INVENTIONS Air pressure system, new, demonstrated; Mar.p.58. Computing device, faster storm warnings made pos- sible by; Apr. p. 27. Fish hook: extracting device patented, new; Apr. p. 21. snelling device patented; Nov. p. 36. Fishing rod holder patented; Nov. p. 36. Fish lures, plastic coating patented for; Mar. p. 24. Ice fishing aid, new, patented; Aug. p. 35. Net, fish, catch-all, patented; Nov. p. 36. Reel: fishing: new, with "hydraulic" brake patented; Mar, p.24. with brake, electrically operated, new, patented; Jan, p. 37. with electric motor drive attachment patented; Nov. p. 36. Scaler, fish, patented; Nov. p. 36. Scaling fish, holder patented for; Nov. p. 36. Scallops, method patented for shucking; Nov. p. 36. Trolling tackle, new hand winch attachment patented for; Jan, p. 37. INVERTEBRATES, MARINE Soviets plan to develop and expand fishery for in Pacific; Mar. p. 84, INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES Peruvian fish meal industry presents ; July p. 91. Thailand industrial promotion act of 1962 includes benefits for the fishing industry; Mar. p. 83. IRAN Caviar: production by types of sturgeon, fiscal year 1962/63; Oct. p. 52, U.S. firms bid for; Nov. p. 64. U.S. leading importer in 1961/62; May p. 67. Fisheries development projects; June p. 73. Persian Gulf: agreement to open to Pakistani fishermen; July p. 79, company, new, formed to operate in; Feb, p. 71. Sturgeon meat processed for sale, fiscal year 1962/63; Oct. p. 52. IRELAND Fishing and counting fence, electromechanical, used in ; Dec. p. 1. Fishing industry development planned; June p. 73. Territorial waters, Soviet vessel convicted of viola- tion of; Apr. p. 54, IRRADIATION LABORATORY Atomic Energy Commission builds chusetts; Sept. p. 33. in Massa- 1963 Index IRRADIATION PRESERVATION Atomic Energy Commission, fishery products re- search supported by; Feb. p. 43, Oct. p. 26. Cod, pollock, and ocean perch preservation by low- level radiation, new contract includes studies on; Feb, p. 42, Crab, king, radiation pasteurization of meat reduces bacterial population; June p. 35. Crab meat and other fish products, joint under way in Seattle on; Feb. p. 42. Crab meat experiments on microwave pasteurization promising; Sept. p. 33. Fishery products: irradiated, another market research study of; Oct. p. 26, irradiator, new architectural studies begun for; July p. 43. research on irradiated; Jan. p, 38. Food irradiation; Jan. p. 11. Fresh fish quality assessment investigated; Sept. p. 33. Haddock fillets, multiple-irradiated, evaluated for quality; Mar. p. 25, Laboratory for of fishery products built in Massachusetts; Sept. p. 33. Shrimp iced storage life extended by low-dosage pas- teurization; Jan. p. 37. studies ISRAEL Norwegian-Israeli, joint, fishing company formed; May p. 67. Oceanographic research in the Red Sea; Oct. p. 52. Stern-trawler, diesel-electric, launched; Apr. p. 55. ITALY Fishery landings, Jan.-Sept. 1962; June p. 73. International fishing fair, twenty-third; Apr. p.55. Korea, Italian-French contract to build fishing ves- sels for; Apr. p. 63, Oct. p. 60, Dec. p. 72. Sponges, supplies Japanese market with; June p. 82. Tuna: canned product, Japanese plan to support Italian promotion of; Sept. p. 72. frozen: import quota; Feb. p. 72, Sept. p. 68. Japanese Atlantic-caught, market firm for; Aug. p. 93. Japanese exporters report sale of U.S.-caught product to > Aug. p. 93. Japanese exports to ; Jan. p. 96, July p. 80. market forecast, 1963; Feb. p. 74. quota on duty-free imports increased; May p. 67. packers association seeks aid from Japanese pro- ducers; Dec. p. 64, IVORY COAST Cold-storage plant at Abidjan, construction of; Sept. p. 98. Fishing industry expands; Feb. p. 72. Fishing trawler, second, launched; Jan. p. 94. Territorial waters extended to 12 miles; May p. 68. JAPAN Alaska fishing regulations, Japanese fishermen not extradited for violation of; June p. 20. Alaska, Gulf of: fisheries of p. 14, Dec. p. 11. and U.S.S.R. in; June p. 20, Aug. 1963 Index COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 33 JAPAN (cont. ). JAPAN Alaska, Gulf of (cont. ): Crab, king: fishing activities by in; July p. 30, Oct. p.14, Nov. p. 18. fishing fleet of in; Sept. p. 11. Alaska Peninsula, trawler to explore waters south of; Mar, p. 78. Atlantic Ocean fishery trends; Sept. p. 77. Bering Sea: bottomfish fishery: factoryship operations, 1962; Feb. p. 75. fishery may be curtailed; Dec. p. 65. licenses issued for; May p. 74. Operations may be reorganized; Nov. p. 69, regulations for 1963 announced; May p, 57. fisheries trends, October 1963; Dec. p. 65. fishing activities; June p. 20, July p. 30, Sept. p.97, Nov. p. 18. fishing fleet of in; Sept. p. 11. halibut catch in 1963; Aug. p. 14. herring fishery trends, Aug. 1963; Nov. p. 71. operations during 1963, fishing company comments on; Sept. p. 74. research to include halibut and other bottomfish; May p. 74, Soviet fishing in, Sept. 1963; Dec. p. 11. Bottomfish: Bering Sea: fishing fleets' production as of mid-September 1963; Nov. p. 69. fishing fleets report poor fishing in; Oct p. 55. landings 1961-62; Mar, p. 76. operations may be reorganized; Nov. p. 69. Mothership Association fishing plans innorthern waters'' for 1963; Mar. p. 76, Brazilian- fisheries firm to expand; Nov. p.71., Budget for FY 1964, Fisheries Agency increases; Nov. p. 71. Can-fabricating plant, modern, completed; Aug. p. 96. Canary Islands, fishing base in; May p, 71. Canned fishery products: exports; Jan, p. 102, May pp. 72, 73, June p. 78. exports to Philippines may increase; July p. 82. export targets, FY 1963; June p. 78. fishery catch of importance to the canning indus- try, 1957-1961; Jan. p. 102. Caviar, salmon, from Alaska shipped to B Nov. p. 19. Central Fisheries Coordination Commission, fish- eries and licensing policies designated by; Apr. p. 59. Chilean fishery resources, in survey of; Nov. p. 59. China: Communist- p. 61, Oct. p. 56. Communist fisheries delegation expected in R Oct. p. 58. Cod, Northwest Atlantic trawler reports good catches of; Aug. p. 96. Crab, king: Alaska Peninsula, Japanese will not fish this year south of; Aug. p. 95. Bering Sea, eastern, fall fishing ends in; Jan, p. 105, Bering Sea regulations for 1963 announced; Apr. p. 58. firm to participate fisheries agreement, new; Apr. Bristol Bay: fishery trends, early July 1963; Sept. p. 74. fleets report poor fishing in; Oct. p. 55. factoryship fishery in Olyutorsk Sea considered; July p. 81. fishery, experimental, in Kodiak Island area planned; July p. 81. Gulf of Alaska: fishing fleet licensed to fish in; June p. 20. permission sought for experimental fishing in; June p, 81. vessels assigned for research; June p, 82. Crab meat, canned, export trends, 1962; Sept. p.71. Culture, fish, production, 1961-62; Sept. p. 81. Cuttlefish, frozen, exports to Portugal; Nov. p. 72. Ecuadoran base, vessel leaves for; May p. 76, Exports: agricultural and marine products, budget for pro- motion of, 1963; Mar. p. 75, fishery products; Sept. p. 75, Oct. p. 56. targets for fishery products, fiscal year 1963; June p. 78, July p. 82. trade promotion for fisheries, budget increase pro- posed for; Sept. p. 76. trends for canned tuna in brine, canned salmon, and canned crab meat, 1962; Sept. p. 71. Fisheries Agency's 1963 budget; Mar. p. 75. Fisheries laboratories and educational institutions; June p. 79. Fisheries laboratory system to be reorganized; May p. 75. Fishing-fleet operations described at Second World Fishing Gear Congress by experts; July p.63. Fish meal: Angola, Japanese operation to be discontinued off; Oct. p. 44. Bering Sea operations; Mar, p. 74, June p. 81, Nov. p. 70. Chile, joint processing venture considered in; July Percce factoryship production and sales; Sept. p. 75. factoryship production, price set for; May p. 73, firm plans joint venture in Peru; July p. 82. imports; Mar. p. 75. Japanese operations in Chile, prospects slight of setting up; Oct. p. 46. North coast, venture proposed off; July p. 83. offered for sale; May p. 73. South Africa, Japanese purchase from; Dec. p.68. targets for factoryships in Eastern Bering Sea, 1963; May p. 74, United States-Chile- Sept. p. 61. Fish sausage and hams production, 1962; June p. 81. Freight-pooling system, and United States steamship companies reach agreement on; Jan. p. 104, Frog industry and exports; Sept. p. 76. Frozen fishery products export targets, FY 1963; June p. 78, Ghana bases may be affected by competition with Soviet trawlers; May p. 74. Guinea proposes joint fishing venture with g June p. 71, Hake to Spain, Japanese firm concludes contract to export; Sept. p. 76, joint operation in Chile; 34 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW JAPAN (cont. ) Hake, trawlers in Atlantic may fish for; Oct. p. 56. Halibut: British Columbia Committee reports on fishing limits and Japanese participation in fishery; May p. 60. Eastern Bering Sea: fishery, delay anticipated in initiating; May p. 74. fishing by Japanese, Canada delays approval for; June p. 62. hearing held in U. S. on fishing; Mar. p. 23. proposal to open fishery to fishermen supported by U. S. Interior Department; Mar. p. 87. fishery trends, June 1963; Aug. p. 94. frozen exports; Mar. p. 77, Sept. p. 75. Herring: ‘ catch, 1957-1961 and Jan.-Sept, 1962; Jan. p. 103. import from U.S.S.R., Federation requests permit to; Dec. p. 67. imports increased of Soviet-produced; June p. 81. roe, Canadians propose to export; May p. 75. roe-herring fishery, joint Japanese-Alaskan, pro- posed for Prince William Sound in 1963; May p. 16, Hokkaido Prefecture: fishery trends (landings, production, and exports), 1961 with comparisons; Sept. p. 82. fishing industry; Sept. p. 82. Importation of Spanish-caught fish opposed by Jap- anese Trawlers Association; Oct. p. 59. India firm seeks joint fishing venture with B Jan, p. 93. Indo-Japanese, joint, fishing venture proposed; July BTS Keip harvesting agreement with Soviets, revewal re- quested of; Dec. p. 68. Korea orders fishing vessels from Landings, fishery: major fisheries, 1961-62; Sept. p. 78. record established in 1962, new; Aug. p. 96. Loan policy to be liberalized to promote foreign in- vestment; Oct. p. 59. Mackerel catch, 1957-1961 and Jan.-Sept. 1962; Jan, p. 103, Marine oils: exports, Jan.-June 1963 and forecast for calendar year 1963; Dec. p. 68. production and foreign trade, 1962; July p, 83. Marine resources protection association, new; June p. 81. Monofilament nets use increases; July p. 86. North Pacific Fisheries Commission, International: halibut and herring fishing grounds in eastern Pa- cific, gains new; June p. 57. industry plans for meeting; Dec. p. 71. meeting, Fisheries Agency Director comments on; Dec. ip. 71: North Pacific Fisheries Convention: amendment enters into force; Aug. p. 75. Japanese views on revision of Convention; June p. 56, negotiations reviewed by Japanese newspaper; July p. 66. revision problems not resolved; Aug. p. 71. treaty revision, political party's views on; Aug. p. 74. Tripartite Fisheries Convention, planning com- mittee established for; Oct. p. 56, ; July p. 86, 1963 Index JAPAN North Pacific Fisheries Treaty: renegotiation, press and Fisheries Society comments on; Dec. p. 69. revision, Government leaders press for; Nov. p. 73. Northwest Atlantic, trawler fishes from St, Pierre base in; Jan, p. 101. Okinawans eagerly seek import licenses for tuna vessels; Mar. p. 79. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Develop- ment membership, government of invited to; Oct. p. 43. Overseas Fisheries Association, activities for FY 1963 of; July p. 84. Overseas Trawlers Association formed; May p. 75. Oyster, frozen, shipments to the U. S, under new U. S,-Japanese Shellfish Sanitation Agreement; Jan, p. 105, Pearl essence import duty reduced; Mar. p. 78. Power-block tests encouraging; Feb. p. 76. Rumania to purchase Japanese trawlers; Jan. p. 113. Sablefish tagged in Washington State recovered by Japanese vessels in Bering Sea; Mar. p. 31. Salmon: canned: export prices for 1963/64 year; Dec. p. 69. export trends, 1962; Sept. p. 71. catch, 1957-1961; Jan, p, 102. ‘firm shows interest in purchasing in Alaska; June p. 21. fishermen's association to send mission to U. S. and Canada; June p. 82, North Pacific mothership fleet attains quota for 1963; Oct. p. 54. pink: price reduced for 1962 pack; Aug. p. 95. Soviets propose prohibition of high-seas fishing; Dec. p. 68. U.S.S.R. and reach agreement on Northwest Pacific catch quotas; June p. 58. vessels assigned for research; June p. 82. Sardine canning season begins; Mar. p. 75. Saury, canned, exports of; Sept. p. 76, Sea water to fresh water conversion apparatus suc- cessful on tuna vessel; Nov. p. 72. Seaweed: harvesting off Soviet Island, agreement permits; Aug. p. 96, processing company, Japanese-Portuguese plan joint; May p. 75. Shellfish: catch of importance to canning industry, 1957-1961 and Jan.-Sept. 1962; Jan. p. 104, landings, 1961-62; Sept. p. 81. Shrimp: Australian product, Japanese buying; Nov. p. 55. Bering Sea bottomfish factoryships catch and proc- ess; Feb, p..75. breeding experiments for ''Kuruma"' type successful; Sept. p. 83. canned: export prices reduced; Sept, p. 75. exports in FY 1963, increase proposed of; June p. 79. Guatemala-Japanese, joint, fishing venture; May p. 64, Gulf of Alaska, fishing in; Oct. p. 55. midwater trawling shows promise; Apr. p. 62. North Borneo, Government to finance base in; Feb. p. 76. 1963 Index COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 35 JAPAN (cont. ) - JAPAN South African fishing grounds, another large trawler Tuna: in; July p. 83, Soviet- Fisheries Conference date set; Apr. p. 35. Soviet-Japanese fishery meeting in Tokyo; Mayp.53. Spanish-caught fish, Japanese firm signs five-year contract to buy; Sept. p. 91. Sponges, seeks new suppliers of; June p. 82. Stern trawler, large, being built; Mar. p. 78. Stern-trawler training ship, new; Apr. p. 62. Swordfish, frozen, exports for fiscal year 1963 allo- cated; May p. 70. Trade and Economic Committee meeting, joint U.S.- Japan; Jan, p. 78, Feb. p. 60. Trawl fishery: Atlantic, developments in; June p. 74, Nov. p. 68. distant-water operations; Jan. p. 100, Mar, p. 78. regulations revision proposed; Aug, p. 95. Trawler fs): exported to Ghana; Sept. p. 68. fleet and vessel construction; Jan. p. 102. operations in distant waters, proposals for; Sept. p. 77. South Africa, another large vessel to fish off; July p. 83. U. S. shipyard, firm contracts for construc- tion of four vessels by; Oct. p. 58. vessel, fishing, in Northwest Atlantic lands first trip at St. Pierre; Mar. p. 76. Trawler, stern: Atlantic operation, construction planned for; Nov. p. 69. Newfoundland, vessel leaves for fishing grounds off; Dec. p. 69. West African area, new vessel leaves for; Aug. p. 96. Trawling plans for Northwest Atlantic; July p. 83, Tuna: Africa West Coast, vessels use hook and line to fish off; Jan. p. 98. albacore: American Samoa, vessels report lower catch ratio at; July p. 79. fishery trends, May 1963; Aug. p. 94, frozen: export price high in March 1963; May p. 69. exports; Sept. p. 69. shipments from , buyers request post- ponement of; Jan. p. 95. market trends, May 1963; July p. 79. prices in fall 1962 remained firm; Feb. p. 73. South Pacific fishing poor; Sept. p. 70. summer fishery; Aug. p. 93. winter fishery, first landing from; Feb, p. 73. American Samoa production quota for Japanese vessels; Jan. p. 97, May p. 70. Atlantic Ocean fishery: bases, new, under consideration for; Apr. p. 56. trends; Jan, p. 98, Mar. p. 68, July p. 79. Australian team to study Japanese methods; Oct. p. 44, behavior near ocean flotsam studied; June p. 77. big-eyed: Atlantic Ocean catch higher in Sept. 1963; Nov. p. 65, Czechoslovakia, prices for frozen are lower in; Dec, p. 66. Canary Islanas, landings quota under consideration for; May p. 71. canned: export regulations for 1963; Jan. p. 94. industry representatives tour United States; Jan. p. 97. Italian promotion, Japanese plan to support; Sept. p. 72. prices; Mar. p. 68. production and export regulations FY 1963; May p. 68, promotion in U. S., packers and association con- tribute to; Sept. p. 72. specialty packs, exports of, 1962; May p. 68. U. S. import quotas, study requested of; Dec. p.66. U. S. tariff, Japanese Minister plans to discuss; Oct. p. 53, Nov. p. 66. canned in brine: export prices; May p. 69, July p. 79, Aug. p. 91. exports to U.S.; Jan. p. 97, May p. 68, June p. 75. export trends, 1962; Sept. p. 71. sales to U. S.; Aug. p. 91, Sept. pp. 70, 71, Nov. p. 65. canned in oil: exports; Jan, p. 97, June p. 74, Sept. p. 71, Nov. p. 65. exports to Canada approved; Nov. p. 65. canners, small, combine to overcome supply prob- lem; Aug. p. 94. cannery operations in Puerto Rico reviewed; May p. 69, canning in U. S., producers and sales association consider; July p. 81. catch, 1957-1961 and Jan,-Sept. 1962; Jan. p. 103. catch statistics, description of; Mar. p. 69. cooperative, central, establishment proposed of; Jan. p. 99. Danish traders request offers; Dec. p. 65. Eastern Pacific: fishing forecast for; Mar. p. 74, mothership operating in; Sept. p. 70. economic Study of fishery; Sept. p. 72. export quotas for overseas bases, FY 1963 and 1964; June p, 76. factoryships, Soviets contract to purchase five; July p. 86. Fiji Islands: cold-storage plant, construction approved of; Oct. p. 49. fishing base at; May p. 72. June p. 76. fishermen request permission to enter fishery; Dec. p. 65. fishermen sign new wage contract; Sept. p. 73. fishery trends, Apr.-May 1963; July p. 80. frozen: Atlantic-caught fish: export targets revised for; July p. 80. prices for; May p. 70, Aug. p. 92. East Africa, new transshipment port proposed in; Nov. p. 66. export prices; Sept. p. 70. export quotas for 1963; Jan. p. 95, Apr. p. 56. exports; Apr. p. 55, May p. 70, Sept. p. 69, Oct. p. 53. exports to France; Feb, p. 67. exports to Italy; Jan. p. 96, July p. 80. exports to Spain and Portugal; Jan. p. 96. 36 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1963 Index JAPAN (cont.) JAPAN Tuna (cont.): Tuna: frozen (cont.): exports to U.S.; Jan. p. 94, June p. 76, Aug. p. 92, Dec. p. 65. exports to U.S., price restrictions abolished on; Mar. p. 69. export trends, early Nov. 1962; Jan. p. 95. ex-vessel prices increased; May p. 70. Italian market for Atlantic-caught tuna firm; Aug. Deas Italy, exporters report sale of U. S.-caught fro- zen tuna to; Aug. p. 93. market forecast for Europe, 1963; Feb. p. 74. prices for Atlantic fish; Mar. p. 68. sales agreements concluded with U. S, canners; Aug. p. 92. transshipments to Spain authorized; Aug. p. 93. green meat problem continues; Nov. p. 66. Indian Ocean fishing reported poor; Jan, p. 99. Indian Ocean transshipment ports restrictions re- moved; Feb. p. 74. Italian Tuna Packers Association seeks aid from ; Dec. p. 64. Malayan-Japanese, joint, processing firm; Feb. p. 80, May p. 77, July p. 87. Mexican coast, motherships to fish off; June p. 77, Aug. p. 94. migrations, University to study relation between sea birds and; Oct. p. 54. mothership, new portable-vessel-carrying, com- pleted; Oct. p. 54. mothership operations by two firms; Dec. p. 67. motherships, portable-boat-carrying, order ex- tended to convert; Dec. p. 66. motherships with portable catcher-vessels form association, operators of; June p. 77. motherships with portable catcher-vessels, licen- sing under study of; July p. 85. New Caledonia, fishing base activated at; Mayp. 72, Dec. p. 67. North Atlantic trawling, mothership to be converted for; June p. 77. Okinawa grants licenses to import vessels from ; June p. 85. overseas -based vessel owners seek toadd freezing equipment; Dec. p. 66. overseas operations, large increase expected in; Oct. p. 54. packer's views on problems in ; Mar. p. 72. prices, ex-vessel; Jan. p. 96, Feb. p. 73, June p. 75. research council meets; Jan. p. 99. seiner, second, equipped with power block; June p. 77. skipjack: hook-and-line fishery trends; Jan. p. 98. purse seine, modified United States, type success - ful in fishery; Nov. p. 72. vessels engaged in fishery, 1961-62; May p. 72. South African east coast port, Japanese vessel un- loads at; Oct. p. 64. South American west coast: mothership operations off; Nov. p. 67. resources surveyed off; Nov. p. 67. South Pacific: bases approvedby France, joint Japanese-French; Mar. p. 64. fishery, larger vessels requested for; Nov. p. 66. South Pacific: fishing promising; Mar. p. 73. mothership fleet departs for; Jan. p. 98. mothership landings; Feb. p. 75, Nov. p. 67. mothership operations, two firms may end; Dec. p. 67. specialty products exports; Jan, p. 97, June p. 74. Tahiti, Japanese firm exploring prospects of base at; Oct. p. 67. training program for fishermen planned; Dec. p.67. transshipment targets of Atlantic-caught, Apr.-June 1963; May p. 70. Venezuela plans fishing base for Japanese vessels; July p. 96, Nov. p. 82. vessel construction; Jan, p. 102, Feb. p. 74. vessel owners cooperative set up at Malaysia base; Nov. p. 67. vessels, exports of; Jan, p. 100, vessels, Japanese firm seeks private U. S, finan- cing to build; Jan. p. 95. vessel to be equipped with brine tank; Feb. p. 75. yellowfin in Eastern Pacific, research vessel to study; Nov. p. 66. Venezuelan joint enterprise, Chiba company to con- tinue in; Nov. p. 71. Vessel, electrically-powered fisheries training, per- formance report on; Sept. p. 83. Vessel, research, new, planned for FY 1964; Aug. p. 95. Vessels and crews seized by foreign countries in 1962; May p. 76, Vessels, fishing: coastal type, program for transfer to northern waters under study of; Nov. p. 73. Cuba, delivered to; Apr. p. 46. exports subject of study; July p. 85. Ghana contracts for Japanese-built; Nov. p.62. Japanese tanker to refuel at sea; Nov. p. 72. Soviets, to be built by for; Aug. p. 112. Weather data systems, electronic telemetering; May p. 75. Whale oil: joint sales group considered for marketing; June p. 82, sperm production for 1962/63 reported sold; Jan. p. 105, Whaling: Antarctic fleets attain one-third of quota by Jan, 26; Apr. p. 62. Brazil, catch by firm in, 1960-62; Jan, p. 79. catch by area and species, 1961-62; Sept. p. 82. catch quota, North Pacific, increased; Nov. p. 75. Ecuador, Japanese study establishment of enter- prise in; Oct, p. 49. factoryship to , Norwegian Government rejects application to sell; Oct. p. 44. industry trends; Sept. p. 84. mothership purchase from British stirs controversy; Sept. p. 84. Yaizu fishery landings, Jan.-Nov. 1962; Mar. p. 74. JELLY ROLL Whiting tested at school-lunch conference; Sept. Devo: "JOHN ELLIOTT PILLSBURY" Oceanographic research vessel commissioned for University of Miami; Aug. p. 43. 1963 Index "JOHN N. COBB" Trawl, pelagic, progress report on development of; July p. 17. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY Oceanographic research vessel grant awarded to ; Oct. p. 30. JOINT UNITED STATES-JAPAN COMMITTEE ON TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS Meeting, second, held in Washington; Feb. p. 60. JORDAN Landings of fish; Feb. p. 77, May p. 77. Red Sea fishing industry, attempts to develop; Oct. p. 59. KELP Japan requests renewal of ment with Soviets; Dec. p. 68. harvesting agree- KING CRAB (also see CRAB, KING) Alaska: pack in 1963 promising; May p. 17. 'Shishaldin" is latest addition to fleet, May p. 16. Bering Sea regulations for 1963, Japan announces; Apr. p. 58. KODIAK ISLAND Crab, king, experimental fishery in area, Japanese plan; July p. 81. KOREA, REPUBLIC OF Agar-agar plants, new, production status of; Feb. p. 79. ; Exports of marine products, 1962, value of; Feb. Deo Fisheries trends, March 1963; June p. 82. Landings of marine products, 1961-1951; Feb. p. 79. Literature on fisheries needed by libraries; Feb. p. 78. Saury, canned, sold to Burma; Oct. p. 60. Shrimp, frozen: export industry, development of; Feb. p. 78. value of exports, 1962; Feb. p. 78. Tuna vessels, more, fish out of American Samoa; Dec. p. 16. Tuna vessels to p. 100. Vessels, fishing: financing of new ones aided by Government guar- antees; Dec. p. 71. fleet, size of, 1961-1954; Feb. p. 79. French shipyards get order for 160 craft; Feb. p. 67. Italian-French contract for; Oct. p. 60, Dec. p. 72. modern ones to be obtained from Italian-French group; Apr. p. 63. ordered from Japan; July p. 86. , Japanese export of; Jan. KURIL ISLANDS Soviets establish saury canning plant in ; Aug. p. 110. KUWAIT Fisheries survey of by FAO expert; Mar. p. 78. Shrimp industry trends; Sept. p. 85. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 37 LABOR, DEPARTMENT OF Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Divisions: Puerto Rican tuna cannery workers, minimum wage rates for; May p. 91, Aug. p. 117. Puerto Rico tuna cannery workers not included in wage order program of Island's industries; Feb. p. 94. wage changes, minimum, affect fish cannery work- ers and on-shore workers; Sept. p. 104. wage rates, special minimum, for handicapped work- ers in seafood plants to be changed; Mar. p. 91. LABOR DISPUTE Canada's British Columbia fishing industry tied-up by ; Sept. p. 59. LABORATORY Biological: Commercial Fisheries, U. S. Bureau of: Auke Bay , Federal, cooperates with Alas- ka; Aug. p. 15. new being built; Sept. p. 24. Floating for Canadian biologists, new barge to serve as; Mar. p. 56. LAKE ERIE Canada proposes joint research project with U. S.; Aug. p. 82. Exploratory fishing and environmental studies in ; July p. 37, Aug. p. 23. Fish population survey for 1962 completed, Oct.- Nov. 1962; Jan. p. 29. LAKE HERRING (see HERRING) LAKE MICHIGAN Chubs and associated species, depth distribution in studies by M/V "Cisco"; Oct. p. 21. Fish population survey continued in ; Jan, p. 30. July p. 37, Aug. p. 27. Lake trout distribution studies; Nov. p. 33. Lamprey, sea: control in population declines in Trawling investigations in northern Sept. p. 25, Nov. p. 32. Trawling survey of southern Nov. p. 32. ; July p. 38, Oct. p. 23. ; Jan. p. 29. ; Aug. p. 23, ; Feb. pp. 1, 27, LAKE SUPERIOR Biological research program for M/V ''Siscowet," 1963; May p. 28. Environmental conditions in Apostle Islands area of studied: Aug. p. 28, Sept. p. 29. Lake trout: distribtuion in studied; Jan. p. 31, Mayp. 28, Aug. pp. 27, 28, Sept. p. 28, Oct. p. 22, Dec. p. 26. planting in ; Aug. p. 69. studies in , public hearing held on results of; June p. 25. Lamprey, sea: population control in Oct. p. 23. population declines in ; Jan. p. 29. Salmon, pink (humpback), expected to reappear in streams; Oct. p. 27. Whitefish spawning in Apostle Islands area surveyed; Feb. p. 30. ; Mar. p. 55, July p. 38, 38 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1963 Index LAKE TROUT LOANS Fin-clipped » recaptures in 1962 by M/V "'Sis- Small Business Administration to fishery firms; cowet'' of; Feb. p. 30. Apr. p. 29. Lake Michigan distribution studies continued; Nov. United Kingdom: p. 33. fishery interest rates revised; Aug. p, 112, Lake Superior distribution studies; Jan. p. 31, May p. 28, Aug. pp. 27, 28, Sept. p. 28, Oct. p. 22, Dec. p. 26. Michigan hatcheries collect record number of eggs; Jan, p. 40. LAMPREY, SEA Control measures in Great Lakes producing results, Canada-United States; Jan, p. 72. Great Lakes Fishery Commission meeting, eradica- tion of discussed at; Jan. p. 71. Lake Michigan: adult population declines; Jan. p. 29. population control; July p. 38, Oct. p, 23. Lake Superior: adult population declines; Jan, p. 29. population control; Mar. p. 55, July p. 38, Oct. p.23. LANDINGS U. S. commercial fishery p. 47, Nov. p. 46, World fishery , 1962; Dec. p. 53. eee, lar poosSepie LANGOSTINO Chile's demand for shrimp and Sept. p. 61. can't be met; LATVIA Whale meat used for making sausages; June p. 83. LAW OF THE SEA Brazilian committee to study adherence to Geneva convention on ; Aug. p. 81. Ecuador's policy on » Foreign Minister re~ states policy on; Dec. p. 60. LIBERIA Cold-storage facilities in by Danish firm; Feb. p. 67, Fishing company expands operations; Sept. p. 86. Fishing industry to be reorganized; Aug. p. 113, Sept. p. 86, and Nigeria planned LIBYA Fisheries survey recommends modern fleet and shore facilities; July p. 86, Sponge beds off Cyrenaica, Greek vessels to be li- censed to operate in; June p. 71, 3 Tuna, frozen, market forecast, 1963; Feb, p. 74. LIGHT BOX Photographing fish and invertebrates at sea, for; Sept. p. 8. LIMNOLOGY Great Lakes studies expanded; Aug. p. 26, LINE TRAWL Cod and haddock at Chatham, Mass., for; June p. 14, fishery LOANS Foreign currency July p. 106, available to U. S. firms; grants and for fishing vessels as of June 30, 1963; Nov. p. 80. LOBSTER(S) Canadian live shipped by air to Europe; Apr. p. 44. Duty-free treatment of certain crates; Dec. p. 89, North Atlantic » Canadian scientists study chem~ istry of; Feb. p. 66. Norway , Danes discuss lower size limit for; Nov. p. 59. Spiny: Aden Protectorate reaches agreement on fish- ing and marketing; May p. 55, Australia: exports and landings, fiscal year 1962/63; Dec, p. 54. recommendations adopted for management of fishery; Apr. p. 40. British Honduras industry; Oct. p. 45. France imports and other shellfish from Cuba; July p. 74. French-Brazilian fishing dispute over » arbi- tration proposed for; May p. 64. Honduras, U. S. firm enters shrimp and fish- eries off; Feb. p. 71. Mexico: Baja California: exports, prices renegotiated for; Dec. p. 73. landings, 1962/63 season; June p. 83, New Zealand exports to France; Apr. p. 65. Panama: exploratory fishing project; Jan. p. 109, Apr.p.71, June p. 85, Aug. p. 102, Dec. p. 76. industry trends; Oct. p. 63. South-West Africa export trends; May p. 87. LONG LINE Salmon fished by Swordfish: exploratory fishing off Atlantic coast; Aug. p. 36. New England fishery by successful in 1962; May p. 43. fishery with » new, off southern New England shows promise; Feb, p. 51. Tuna, Australian fishermen use Wales; Oct. p. 45. in Denmark; Jan, p. 87. off New South LOUISIANA Landings, fisheries, 1961; Feb. p. 38. Oyster investigations, 1962; May p. 32. Shrimp and oyster investigations, 1962; May p. 32. LUXEMBOURG-BELGIUM Marine oil stocks and foreign trade, 1962; July p.69. MAASBANKER (see PILCHARD) MACKEREL Canned: Burma, market for in; Nov. p. 57. El Salvador proposes duty increase; Nov. p.59, Dec. p. 61. 1963 Index MACKEREL (cont. ) Japan's catch of , 1957-1961 and Jan,-Sept. 1962; Jan. p. 103, World catch of tuna, bonito, and was up in 1961; Jan. p. 77. Zanzibar purse seine fishery for in Indian Ocean to be developed; Feb. p. 90. MAINE Landings, fishery, 1962; Aug. p. 35. Sardines: canned stocks; Jan. p. 38, Apr. p. 21, June p. 35, Aug. p. 36, Sept. p. 34. canned stocks, Bureau of the Census includes in survey; Dec. p. 36. export market development program launched; Nov. p. 37. Shrimp landings in , fluctuations in; Apr. p.5. MALAGASY, REPUBLIC OF Territorial waters extended to 12 miles; May p. 77. MALAYSIA Tuna: canned in brine exports to U. S.; Feb. p. 80. Japanese-Malayan, joint, ‘irm receives financial aid; Feb. p. 80. Japanese-Malayan, joint, processing firm expands; May p. 77, July p. 87. Japanese operations at Penang to be expanded; Sept. p. 86. Japanese vessel owners set up cooperative at base; Nov. p. 67. Vessels, fishing, barred from Indonesian territorial waters; May p. 77. MARINE FISHES Harvesting of , prospective developments dis- cussed at Second World Fishing Gear Congress in; July p. 64. MARINE FOULING Antifouling device, firm receives contract to devel- op; Jan. p. 44, MARINE OIL (see OILS) MARINE RESEARCH Oregon, grant approved by Area Redevelopment Administration to establish center in; Mar. p. 86. MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY Establishment of ; Dec. p. 40. MARINE RESOURCES RESEARCH ADVISORY COMMITTEE Meets in Rome; Mar. p. 40. MARKETING Chile's fish consumption increases in Santiago; May p. 63. Edible fishery products July p. 44, Sept. p. 34. Irradiated fishery products, another market re- search study of; Oci. p. 26. Shrimp, frozen, futures market may open in Chi- cago; Nov. p. 45. prospects; Mar, p.26, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 39 MARKETING Tuna, canned, "Operation Tuna'' under industry~gov- ernment sponsorship; Aug. p. 54, MARKET NEWS SERVICE Quarter of a century of service to fishery industry completed; Jan. p. 39. MARYLAND Landings, fishery, 1961; Jan, p, 26, Oyster observations; Aug. p. 45, Sept. p. 42, Oct. p. 31, University of Maryland Natural Resources Institute, Seafood Processing Laboratory, appointment of new Director of; May p. 32. MASSACHUSETTS Icing and eviscerating fish on vessels, regulations amended pertaining to; Dec. p. 36. Irradiation laboratory built at Gloucester by Atomic Energy Commission; Sept. p. 33. New Bedford harbor, ARA public facilities grant approved for improvement of; June p. 94, Trawler, new large steel, added to Boston fishing fleet; Feb. p. 54. MAURITANIA Commercial fishing industry to be expanded; Oct. p. 60. MECHANIZATION Blue crab industry, of; July p. 1. MENHADEN Gulf of Mexico industrial fishery, occurrence of in; Feb. p. 36. Landings, Jan.-June 1963; Sept. p. 48. MEXICO Export duties on fresh and frozen fishery products, changes in; Jan. p. 106. Hake distribution and abundance off southern Cali- fornia and nothern studied by M/V "John N. Cobb''; June p. 38. Lobsters, spiny: Baja California: exports, prices renegotiated for; Dec. p. 73. landings 1962/63 season; June p. 83. Sardine, canned, market restricted to domestic pro- duction; Dec. p. 72. Shrimp: exports, direct taxes on; Feb. p. 81. price drop in U. S, forces vessel owners to seek relief; Dec. p. 72. west coast fishery trends, Oct.-Nov. 1962; Jan, p. 105. Soviet fishing vessels attached to Cuban fleet enter port for supplies; Feb. p. 81. Soviet trawlers from Cuban bases reprovision at Veracruz; May p. 77. Tuna: Japanese motherships, two, leave for fishing grounds off ; Aug. p. 94. Japanese mothership to fish off ; June p. 77. MIAMI, UNIVERSITY OF Behavior of fish, new laboratory at studies on; Aug. p. 22. Research vessel for oceanography, new, commis- sioned for ; Aug. p. 43. to conduct 40 MICHIGAN Lake trout eggs, record number collected at hatch- eries; Jan. p. 40. Landings of fish from Great Lakes drop sharply in 1962; June p. 36. Salmon, pink (humpback), expected to reappear in Lake Superior streams; Oct. p. 27. Water pollution field laboratory, site of; Feb, p. 47. selected as MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES Landings, fishery, 1962; Dec. p. 36. MIGRATION Shark studies aided by new branding technique; Mar. p. 60. MINERALS Trace , fish meal is a reliable source of; Sept. p. 31, MISSISSIPPI Landings, fisheries, 1961; Feb. p. 38. MOLECULAR DISTILLATION Fish oils research aided by ; Apr. p. 18. MOROCCO Canned fish:: exports at record level as of Dec, 1962; May p. 78. industry trends, second quarter 1963; Oct. p. 62. Fisheries trends, first quarter 1963; July p. 87. Sardines, frozen: exports to France; Jan. p. 106, Feb, p. 82, Aug. p. 99, Nov. p. 75. France holds up entry of Moroccan product; Jan. p. 90. Trade agreements include fishery products; Apr. p. 63. MORTGAGE INSURANCE PROGRAM Shrimp fishing vessels, two, financed under ; Dec. p. 46. Vessel construction, Sept. p. 50. Vessel, fishing, assists financing of; ; Feb. p. 53, Aug. p. 55. MOTOR (see OUTBOARD MOTORS) MOTORBOAT(S) Numbers for issued by Coast Guard, renewal, of; Feb. p. 94. MOZAMBIQUE Imports of fishery products, 1961-1962; June p. 83, MUSKELLUNGE Lake St. Clair, population study in; July p. 44. MUSSEL(S) Tennessee River harvest decline investigated; Oct. p. 27. NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR PREVENTION OF POLLUTION OF THE SEA BY OIL Sea pollution by oil wastes, meeting held on; Jan, p. 46. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1963 Index NATIONAL FISHERIES CENTER AND AQUARIUM Assistant Director for appointed; Nov, p. 88. Plans outlined by scientific study team for 5 Oct. p. 28. NATIONAL FISHERIES INSTITUTE Fish in diet improves health, experiments indicate; June p. 36. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION Oceanographic research vessel grant awarded to Johns Hopkins University by ; Oct. p. 30. NAVY, U.S. Oceanographic research vessel, new, acquired by 3; Sept. p. 39, NEEDLER, A, W. H. Canada appoints eries; Apr. p. 44. as new Deputy Minister of Fish- North Pacific Fisheries Commission, elected chairman of; July p. 65. NETHERLANDS Air pump developed for unloading fish from vessels; Dec. p. 73. Marine-animal oils: foreign trade, production, and supply, Jan.-June 1962; Jan. p. 106, supply and disposition for year ending June 30,1963; Dec. p. 74. Norwegian fish-processing combine establishes dis- tribution base in ; Apr. p. 66. Trawlers enter distant-water fisheries; Apr. p. 63, Sept. p. 87. Vessels, four fish processing and freezing, built for U.S.S.R. in the ; Sept. p. 92. Whaling: Antarctic: agreements submitted to Parliament; Apr. p. 63. production trends; May p. 78, June p. 83. NET(S) Catch-all fish patented; Nov. p. 36, Fish netting, changes in import tariff’ schedules pro- posed for; Apr. p. 82. Gill nets: Japan's fisheries and licensing policies designated; Apr. p. 99. Lake Michigan, experimental fished in; Nov. pose monofilament and multifilament type, comparison of salmon catches in; May p. 1. Monofilament , Japanese use more; July p. 86. Synthetic materials, extensive use of; Aug. p. 66. NEVADA Shrimp, freshwater, planted in California and lakes; Dec. p. 41. NEW BEDFORD Scallops, sea, promotional program, Canadians join with producers in; May p. 40. NEW CALEDONIA Tuna: cold-storage plant, freezership to serve as floating, Sept. p. 87. Japanese-French, joint, fishing base at si; Mar. pp. 64, 73, May p. 72, Dec. p. 67. 1963 Index NEW ENGLAND Bottomfish and sea scallop fisheries yield forecast for 1963; Feb. p. 43. Groundfish abundance on cast; June p. 25, Swordfish: long-line fishery, new, off southern promise; Feb. p. 51. long-lining off successful in 1962; May p. 43. Trawler, steel, for fishery being built under Federal Vessel Mortgage Insurance Program; Jan. p. 60. Tuna purse seine fishery in in 1962; June p. 43. banks in 1963 fore- shows takes leap forward NEWFOUNDLAND (see CANADA) NEW HEBRIDES Exports of frozen fish, 1958-1962; Apr. p. 64, Fishery trends, early 1963; Apr. p. 64. NEW JERSEY Clam, surf, resources off Nov. p. 28. Landings, fishery, 1962; July p. 46. coast surveyed; NEW YORK Landings, fishery, 1962; July p. 46. Tagging sport fish, wire-dart tags fabricated by West Coast firm for; Jan. p. 54. NEW YORK CITY Shellfish, proposes registration fees for ship- pers and processors of; Feb. p. 48. NEW ZEALAND Fish exporting company, new, planned in; Apr. p.64. Freeze-drying plant for fish, firm considers build- ing a; Apr. p. 64. Landings, fish and shellfish, 1962; Dec. p. 74, Lobsters, spiny, exported to France; Apr. p. 65. Salmon, canned, imports from U.S.S.R. increased; Nov. p. 75. Shrimp fishery, survey raises hope for; Aug, p. 99. U.S.S.R. plans survey of fisheries resources adja- cent to coast; Aug. p. 99. NICARAGUA Fisheries law, license and tax provisions of; Apr. p. 65. Fishing licenses granted two Caribbean Coast com- panies; Feb. p. 82. Shrimp fishery trends, second quarter 1963; Nov. p. 76, NIGERIA Canned fish, market for; June p. 84, Cold-storage facilities in Liberia and by Danish firm; Feb. p. 67. Fisheries project, Polish scientist appointed by FAO to head; Jan. p. 108. Imports of certain fishery products 1961 and Jan,- Oct. 1962; June p. 83. planned NITRATES Mono- and di- derived from fish oils may have industrial uses; June p. 24. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 41 NORTH ATLANTIC Japanese tuna mothership to be converted for trawling; June p. 77. Marine environment serial atlas, second folio of; Apr epscce NORTH ATLANTIC FISHERIES EXPLORATIONS AND GEAR RESEARCH Clam sampling equipment tested and abundance in- vestigated (M/V "Delaware" cruise 63-5); Sept. p. 36. Haddock and other groundfish young-of-the-year, distribution and abundance studies continued of (M/V ''Delaware" cruises 62-12 and 62-13); Jan, p. 40. Ocean perch: continental slope explorations (M/V ''Delaware'' cruise 63-6); Oct. p. 28. fishing potential in deep water, commercial, off Nova Scotia studies continued (M/V "Delaware" cruises 62-15 and 63-1); May p. 33. Trawl-net, electronic, measuring and telemetering system tested and evaluated; June p. 37, Nov. p.37. Tuna: bluefin tagged in North Atlantic off Cape Cod re- captured near Rhode Island coast; Oct. p. 35. oceanographic studies in Atlantic; Sept. p. 46. stocks in North Atlantic surveyed; June p, 38, Aug. p. 36. NORTH ATLANTIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS Clam sampling equipment tested and abundance in- vestigated by M/V ''Delaware''; Sept. p. 36. Groundfish: distribution and abundance in summer studied (M/V "Albatross IV" cruise 63-5 Revised); Sept. p. 37. feeding periodicity studied of (M/V ''Albatross Iv" cruise 63-4); Oct. p. 29. Herring, Maine, research, Aug. 1962; Jan. p. 42. Herring, sea, populations sampled (M/V "Delaware" cruise 63-5); Sept. p. 35. Research vessel, new, for p. 48, Sea scallop population on Georges Bank, survey of ("Albatross IV'' cruise 63-3); Aug. p. 41. commissioned; June NORTH BORNEO Shrimp base in nance; Feb, p. 76. » Japanese Government to fi- NORTH CAROLINA Exploratory trawling for commercial species off continued; Apr. p. 25. Gear, fishing, for catching herring-like fish tested off coast; Jan. p. 51. Landings, fishery, 1962; Aug. p. 41. NORTHERN RHODESIA Lake Kariba fisheries development, British may aid; May p. 79, NORTH PACIFIC Canada's British Columbia fishing industry spokesmen object to fisheries treaty revision; Aug. p.81. Halibut regulations for 1963; Mar. p. 41, Aug. p. 70. Japanese and Soviet fishing eastern and Bering Sea, first half 1963; Sept. p. 97. 42 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW NORTH PACIFIC (cont. ) Fur Seal Convention of 8 Protocol amending Interim Convention signed; Dec. p. 52. Salmon: Fraser River run, excessive escapement threatens; Sept. p. 44. Japanese mothership fleet attains quota for 1963; Oct. p. 54. pink run in Convention waters, proper har- vest planned for; Oct. p. 40. U.S.S.R.: crab factoryships canning saury in p. 99. fishing effort declines in eastern Sea; Nov. p. 84. fleet in and Bering Sea; July p. 94, Aug. p. 112, fleets fishing in eastern cline in Oct.; Dec. p. 84. floating cannery active in Dec. p. 84, vessels, fishing, report good catches from ; Dec, p. 84. whale factoryship fishing in ; Sept. and Bering and Bering Sea de- and Bering Sea; ; June p. 92. NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORATORY FISHERY PROGRAM Hake, adult: abundance of species and efficiency of pelagic trawl tobe investigated(M/V "John N. Cobb'' cruise 58); Mar. p. 27. distribution and abundance off southern California and northern Mexico studied (M/V "John N. Cobb" cruise 58); June p. 38. Marine fauna in deep-water off mouth of Columbia River, survey of; Jan. pp. 42, 43, Apr. p. 22, July p. 47, Nov. p. 40. Shrimp distribution off Vancouver Island studied (M/V "John N. Cobb" cruise 56); Jan. p. 43. Trawling ''off-bottom' investigated ("John N. Cobb" cruise 59); Aug. p. 42. Trawl, pelagic, efficiency in catching salmon evalu- ated (M/V "John N. Cobb" cruise 61); Sept. p.39, Nov. p. 39. Tuna, albacore, abundance and distribution study; Aug. p. 42, Sept. p. 38. NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES COMMISSION, INTERNA~ TIONAL Chairman, new, former Commission associate elect- ed as; July p. 65, Japanese industry plans for DewGle Meeting, report on; Jan. p. 64. meeting; Dec. NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES CONVENTION, INTER- NATIONAL Amendment to enters into force; Aug. p. 75. British Columbia adopts resolution on amendment; June p. 61. Canadian Fisheries Minister reports on conference; Aug. p. 73. Conference opened by Interior Secretary; Aug. p. 70. Fisheries conservation effort, international, urged by President; Nov. p. 53. Japan: Government leaders press for revision of 5 Nov. p. 73. 1963 Index NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES CONVENTION, INTERNA- TIONAL Japan: negotiations reviewed by newspaper; July p. 66. planning committee for established; Oct. p. 56. press and Fisheries Society comments on res negotiation; Dec. p. 69. revision of views on; June p. 56, Aug. p. 74, Meeting began June 6, 1963; July p. 66. Meeting, second, in Tokyo fails to resolve prob- lems; Dec. p. 52. Revision problems of the 16, Cale Tripartite treaty discussions resumed at second meeting; Oct. p. 43. not resolved; Aug. NORTH PACIFIC FUR SEAL COMMISSION Annual meeting, sixth: report on; Jan. p. 72. statement by Secretary of the Interior at the; Jan. p. 74. NORTH PACIFIC FUR SEAL CONVENTION Protocol amending Interim ; Apr. p. 35, Dec. p. 52. NORTH SEA AREA Free international market for proposed by German fishing industry; Nov. p. 62. NORTHWEST ATLANTIC Japanese plan for trawling project; July p. 83. Japanese trawler fishing in lands first trip at St. Pierre; Mar. p. 76. Soviet fisheries trends in Soviet expanding , Oct. 1963; Dec. p. 80. fisheries; July p. 94. NORTHWEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES COMMISSION, INTERNATIONAL Aging techniques workshop held; Mar. p. 44. Annual meeting, 13th, heldin Halifax, N.S.; Mar. p. 43, Aug. p. 75. Bottomfish spawning and development in North Atlan- tic to be studied; June p. 58. Canada appoints new Commissioners; July p. 67. Catch and effort data for Subarea 5 examined; Aug. p. 76. Chafing gear problems discussed; Aug. p. 76. Enforcement, international, discussed; Aug. p. 75. Environmental symposium planned for 1964; Mar, p. 43. Fish age-determination problems, some progress in; Aug. p. 76. Meeting in mid-1962 of Commission scientists held; Mar, p. 44. Navigation rules of road discussed; Aug. p. 75. Net mesh size, minimum, of ICES, proposal to adopt; Aug. p. 76. Statistical form, new, adopted for North Atlantic; Aug. p. 76. Trawl mesh sizes, minimum, for species other than cod and haddock discussed; Aug. p. 75. Twines, natural and synthetic, analyzed; Aug. p. 76. U.S.S.R. fishery catches in Georges Bank area; Aug. p. 76. 1963 Index NORTHWEST PACIFIC FISHERIES COMMISSION, INTERNATIONAL Salmon catch quotas, Japan and U.S.S.R. reach agree- ment on northwest Pacific; June p. 58. Soviet-Japanese fishery meeting in Tokyo; Apr. p. 37, May p. 53. NORWAY Caplin fishery; June p. 85. Canned fishery products exports; Jan. p. 109, Feb. p. 82, May p. 79, July p. 88, Aug. p. 101, Oct. p.63. Canning, fish, industry; Dec. p.74. Canning schooland laboratory supported by industry; May p. 81. Chilean fisheries potential studiedby mission; June p. 66. Chilean fishing and fish meal venture proves success - ful; July p. 71. Cod: dry-salted, protests discriminatory treat- ment by Brazil on imports of; Aug. p. 102. fishery trends; Aug. p. 101, Oct. p. 62. Lofoten: fishery attracts fewer vessels inearly 1963; Apr. j35.Oo fishery trends; May p. 80, June p. 84. 1963 ban on purse-seining; Apr. p. 66. Deep-sea fleet, modern, future trends in fisheries indicate need for; May p. 80. Distribution base in the Netherlands, fish-process- ing combine establishes; Apr. p. 66. Economics, fishery, seminar held in Bergen on; July p.90. Exports, fishery products, in 1961 world's second highest; June p. 84, Fisheries trends; Apr. p. 66, Junep. 84, Nov. p. 76. Fishermen's 1961 average earnings; Apr. p. 80. Fishermen's strike settled; Mar. p. 79. Fishermen strike for higher subsidies; Mar, p. 79. Fish meal production and exports; Jan. p. 66, Mar. p. 39, Apr. p. 33, May p. 52. Frozen fish exports, marketing group sets record in year ending June 1963 for; Dec. p. 75. Greenland, west, fisheries research vessel explores waters off; Feb. p. 83, Herring: seine fishery, power block proves successful in; May p. 82. winter catch 1963; May p. 80. Indo- community fisheries project successful; July p. 78. Israeli-Norwegian, joint, fishing company formed; May p. 67. Landings, fishery, 1960-1962; May p. 79. Lobsters, Danes discuss lower size limit for; Nov. p. 59, Marine oil production, supply, and disposition, 1961- 63; July p. 89. Salmon, Danish fishermen fish off p. 86. Shrimp fishing agreement, Swedish-Norwegian, ex- tended through 1964; June p. 58. Sonic fishing aids, new, marketed; May p. 82. Sodium alginate import duty, U. S., for prod- uct reduced; Jan, p. 121. Subsidies for cod and herring, proposed increases in; July p. 90. Subsidy, vessel condemnation, proposed increase in; Apr. p. 67, for; Aug. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 43 NORWAY Tariff reductions, EFTA, Denmark and on; May p. 52. Tariff reductions, EFTA, industry views on; July . 88, Teawiere: stern factory type launched; Apr. p. 66, stern type, newest, plans short trips; July p. 89. stern type, new "'pocket'' factory; Nov. p. 76. Whale oil, Antarctic production; Apr. p. 66, June p. 85. Whaling: Antarctic: 1963/64 season, only four expeditions for; Oct. p. 63. production; May p. 80, June p. 85. quota, lower, poor season spurs demand for; July p. 87. results at mid-season poor; Apr. p. 66. factoryship to Japan, Norwegian Government re- jects application to sell; Oct. p. 44. trends, second quarter 1963; Nov. p. 76. World Food Program, contributes dried cod to; May p. 82. confer NOVA SCOTIA Ocean perch fishing potential in deep water off coast, studies continued by M/V "Delaware"; May Denso. NUTRITION Animal: fish meal and oil in Sept. p. 32. fish meal used in poultry and hog rations, recent developments in; Nov. p. 29. thiaminase activity of whole fish, improved method of determining; Dec. p. 37. Fish in diet improves health, experiments indicate; June p. 36, , observations on use of; OCEAN FREIGHT Japanese and United States steamship companies reach agreement on -pooling system; Jan. p. 104, OCEANOGRAPHY Airborne radiation thermometer aids Canadian infor- mation service; Mar. p. 57. Airplane to aid research at Woods Hole Oceanograph- ic Institution; May p. 36, Alaska: research studies, October 1962; Jan, p. 23. vessel converted for work; Feb. p. 16. vessel ''Murre II'' repaired and converted for research; July p. 29. American Society of Limnology and Oceanography Inc., annual meeting of; July p. 48. Antifouling device, firm receives contract to develop; Jan, p. 44. Aquatic science fellowship program, universities in- vited to participate in; Dec. p. 17. Atlantic Ocean: countercurrent, deep equatorial, discovered; Nov. p. 41. EQUALANT I and II surveys; Sept. p. 46. ocean currents, you can help in the study of; Sept. p. 41. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW OCEANOGRAPHY (cont. ) Atlantic Ocean (cont. ): temperature survey of mid-Atlantic shelf, air- borne infrared radiometer used in monthly; July p. 48. tuna- studies; Sept. p. 46. "Atlantis I, '' new research vessel, for Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; May p. 36. Atlas, second folio of North Atlantic marine en- vironment serial; Apr. p. 23. Australia data center to be established; June ia, Bile California Institute of Marine Resources, new Director of; June p. 22. Canada: Bedford Institute of opens; Jan. p. 81. charts, Atlantic Coast sea-surface environmental; Jan. p. 82. Coast and Geodetic Survey: research oceanographer appointed; Nov. p. 86. research vessel ''Oceanographer" keel laid for; Aug. p. 43. research vessel, second, launched; Feb. p. 45. research vessels ''Peirce'' and ''Whiting", new, enter service; Aug. p. 43. vessel, survey, keel laid for new; Sept. p. 40. Coast Guard: effort in expanded; Dec. p. 88. instrumentation, additional, to be added toves- sels; Mar. p. 28. Commercial Fisheries, Bureau of: "Albatross IV, '' new fishery- sel; Jan. p. 56. instrumentation program established by; Mar. p. 27. laboratory being built in California for = fishery research; Sept. p. 24, Data display system being developed by computer specialists; Sept. p. 41. Data quality control experiment; Dec. p. 39. "Gosnold," new research vessel, for Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; May p. 36. Gulf of Guinea trawling survey, International Co- operative Investigations of the Tropical Atlantic will include; June p. 56. Hawaii: oceanic eddies southwest of Oahu surveyed by M/V ''Charles H. Gilbert"; Aug. p. 21. oceanic eddy southeast of Oahu surveyed by M/V "Charles H. Gilbert"; Noy. p. 26. Indian Ocean Biological Center established; July Deis Indonesia research vessel, new, delivered; Nov. p. 64, Instrumentation Center, National Oceanographic, established; Mar. p. 28. Instrumentation system being developed for study of ocean bottom currents and sediment movement; Jan. p. 44. International Cooperative Investigations of the Tropical Atlantic: EQUALANT II, plans for; Dec. p. 50. EQUALANT II completed; Dec. p. 50. International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE), Indian Ocean Biological Center (IOBC) to sort plankton for; July p. 78. Japan: telemetering oceanographic buoy to be produced; May p. 75. research ves- 1963 Index ] OCEANOGRAPHY Japan: weather data systems, electronic telemetering; May p. 75. Johns Hopkins University awarded grant for research vessel; Oct. p. 30. Laboratory, new research, for Woods Hole Ocean- ographic Institution; May p. 36. Marine Technology Society established; Dec. p. 40. National program on » educational grants awarded to aid; May p. 34. North Pacific: data on to be obtained during survey on abundance and distribution of albacore tuna; Aug. p. 42. trade wind zone program; Oct. p. 30. Ocean currents, influence of weather on; Dec. p. 39. Oregon marine science laboratory, new, to aid research; May p. 38. Pacific Ocean: current studies aided by parachute drogues; Sept. p. 21. "David Starr Jordan'' will be new research vessel for investigations; Aug. p. 56. Plankton, electronic device speeds collection of; Dees p= Olle Red Sea, Israeli research on in; Oct=p:+52. Sampler, new, to skim ocean top invented by New Zealander; Sept. p. 96. Satellite, communications, assists oceanographers; Dec. p. 37. Satellites for collection of Sept. p. 115. Seabird-plankton relationships study by Smithsonian Institution; Sept. p. 39. Sea floor to be studied; Aug. p. 44. Sea surface temperatures collected by airborne infrared radiometer; Feb. p. 44. Submarine, new research, for Woods Hole Oceano- graphic Institution; May p. 36. Submarine, research, feasibility study proposed of; May p. 35. Telemetering systems, Interagency Committee on considers the uses of; June p. 40. Trawl depth telemeter, new, developed by British; Sept. p. 95. Tropical research laboratory, new, planned; Nov. p. 41. UNESCO International Oceanographic Commission: International Cooperative Investigations of the Tropical Atlantic (ICITA) meets; Aug. p. 78. University of Miami adds new research and training unit; Aug. p. 45. U.S. Navy vessel for Demag. Vessel, new (''Albatross IV"'), for visits Nation's Capital; Sept. p. 50. Vessel, research, new, commissioned for Univer- sity of Miami; Aug. p. 43. West German research; July p. 75. World Oceanographic Data Display System; Dec. p. 41. data, plan to use; research, new; Sept. research OCEAN PERCH Abundance forecast for 1963; Feb. p. 43. Canadian scientists review research on at 1962 annual meeting; Mar. p. 54. Irradiation preservation of by low-level irradiation, new contract includes studies on; Feb. p. 42. 1963 Index OCEAN PERCH (cont. ) North Atlantic: Continental Slope explorations; Oct. p. 28. development and habits of to be studied; June p. 58. Nova Scotia fishing potential in deep water, studies continued of; May p. 33. Refrigerated sea water, quality good when held in; Jan. p. 47. OCTOPUS 4 Alaska distribution studied in southeastern waters; Jan. p. 22. California gets research grant for study of 5 May p. 19. Canada increases imports of p. 63. for bait; June OIL, MARINE-ANIMAL Belgium-Luxembourg's stocks and foreign trade, 1962; July p. 69. Canada's production, utilization, and foreigntrade; Jan. p. 80, June p. 65. Denmark's foreign trade in 1962-1963; Dec. p. 59. German Federal Republic: imports, 1960-62; Apr. p. 50. industry trends, 1962; June p. 70. Herring: British Columbia » prices delivered at Toronto, April 1961-July 1962; Jan. p. 80. India's imports of » 1961-1962; June p. 72. Japan: exports, January-June 1963 and forecast for calendar year 1963; Dec. p. 68. production and foreign trade, 1962; July p. 83. Netherlands: foreign trade, production, and supply, Jan.-June 1962; Jan. p. 106. supply and disposition of June 30, 1963; Dec. p. 74. Norway's production, supply, and disposition of » 1961-63; July p. 89. Sweden's foreign trade, 1961-1962; June p. 90. Thailand's imports of ,» 1961-1962; June p. 92. World production and exports, estimated, 1957-63; Jan. p. 66. » January-June for year ending OKHOTSK SEA Crab, king, Soviets study resources of; Sept. p. 99. Japanese Bottomfish Mothership Association fishing plans in North Pacific for 1963; Mar. p. 76. OKINAWA Tuna vessels from Japan, licenses granted to import; June p. 85. Tuna vessels, Japanese, import licenses eagerly sought by for; Mar. p. 79. Tuna vessels, Japanese, to » export of; Jan. p. 100. OLYUTORSK SEA Crab factoryship fishery by Japanese in sidered; July p. 81. con- OREGON Bottomfish survey off coast of June 1963; June p. 1. Fisheries research director, new, appointed; Apr. p. 25. » April- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 45 OREGON Fish passage facilities over Pelton Dam evaluated; Apr. p. 24, Landings, fishery, 1961; Jan. p. 45. Public facilities grant and loan approved by ARA for Port of Newport; Sept. p. 100. Marine research center in » grant approved by Area Redevelopment Administration to estab- lish; Mar. p. 86. Marine science laboratory, new, will aid oceano- graphic program; May p. 38. Salmon: hatchery evaluation project in Northwest, ''first returns’ reported on huge; Sept. p. 45. spring chinook eggs from Willamette River, hatchery collects record number of; Nov. p. 42. spring chinook run in the Middle Willamette River, hatcheries maintain; May p. 37. silver: Alsea River, nearly a million yearling planted in; May p. 37. Coos River system, year-olds planted in; May p. 39. eggs taken by hatcheries in 1962, record num- ber of; Feb. p. 46. yearling release a record; July p. 49. spawning grounds, removal of abandoned dam on Yamhill River opens new; Nov. p. 41. stream improvement aids spawning fish; Nov. p. 44, SCUBA diving more extensively used for under- water observation; Mar. p. 29. Shrimp and bottom fishing regulations, 1963; Feb. p. 46. Trout, summer steelhead, escapement above Bonneville Dam near record in 1962; Jan. p. 45. ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT Fisheries Committee meets; Feb. p. 62, Mayp. 54, Aug. p. 76. Japan invited to membership; Oct. p. 43. Sanitary regulations for fishery products, publica- tion issued on; Feb. p. 62. Sea pollution, scientific consultants draft program for studies on; May p. 54. OTTER TRAWLING South Carolina experimental ; Aug. p. 52. OUTBOARD MOTOR Boating, getting back cover. readied for; July outside OXIDATION Fish oil: menhaden oil fractions, flavor change indicated during of; Sept. p. 25. slower results when phospholipids are added to antioxidant; Feb. p. 39. OYSTER Canada: British Columbia shucked production, 1962; Mar. p. 51. hatchery, experimental, being built; Sept. p. 60. Chesapeake Bay deaths due to MSX declined in 1962; Mar. p. 30. Chesapeake Bay industry; Mar. p. 8. 46 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW OYSTER (cont. ) Defense Subsistence Supply Center changes pre- award inspection procedures for ; Oct. p. 20. Enemies, patent granted for chemical compound to control; Dec. p. 41. Feeding tests; July p. 50. Florida drill being studied at Biological Laboratory at Milford, Conn.; June p. 40. Frozen to the U.S. under new U.S. -Japan- ese Shellfish Sanitation Agreement, shipments of; Jan. p. 105. Growth of , 'chlorella'' aids; July p. 50. Growth of » study of chlorophyll value to; July p. 49. Gulf of Mexico industry; Mar. p. 8. Louisiana investigations, 1962; May p. 32. Maryland: observations for 1963; Aug. p. 45. spatfall observations; Aug. p. 45, Sept. p. 42, Oct iparsils Mortality study continued; July p. 50. Pacific , storage life of individually frozen meats glazed with plain water or with solutions of ascorbic acid or corn syrup solids; Apr. p. 1. South Atlantic industry; Mar. p. 8. South Carolina studies; Feb. p. 49, Aug. p. 51. Starfish chemicals screened for toxicity; July p. 50. Virginia: James River spatfall fails again in 1963; Nov. p. 43. MSX disease cuts down production; Jan. p. 45. MSX disease declines; Nov. p. 42. OYSTER PLANTERS Loans, certain, now available from Farmers Home Administration; Mar. p. 86. PACIFIC COAST Tuna, albacore, review of 1962 seasonal move- ment off U.S. spApien p=) ils South American fisheries landings off up sharply in recent years; July p. 67. PACIFIC NORTHWEST Salmon, silver, run of adults in fall 1962 to hatcheries; Jan. p. 48. PACIFIC OCEAN Eastern: tuna: Japanese mothership operating in ; Sept. p. 70. yellowfin: conservation in » inter-governmental conference on; Jan. p. 64. Japanese research vessel to study fish; Nov. p. 66. Japanese Bottomfish Mothership Association fishing plans in 'northern waters'' for 1963; Mar. p. 76. Seabird- plankton- oceanography relationships study in central ; Sept. p. 39. Soviet fishery research emphasizes development of fishing in ; Mar. p. 84. Vessel, research, ''David Starr Jordan, '' new, will be used for investigations; Aug. p. 56. PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES COMMISSION, INTERNATIONAL Research program reorganized; Aug. p. 76. PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES COMMISSION, INTERNATIONAL Salmon, sockeye, excessive mortality in Fraser River system under study; Dec. p. 51. PACIFIC SALMON INTERAGENCY COUNCIL Organization of ; May p. 39. PACKAGED FISH U.S. production, 1962; June p. 46. PACKAGED PRODUCTS Fillets, fish affected by ''weighed at time of sale" policy of Food and Drug Administration; Feb. p. 91. PAINTS Fish oil as an ingredient of » more Federal Specifications required for use of; Apr. p. 19. PAKISTAN Fish harbor on Bay of Bengal to be built; Feb. p. 84. Fishery market, domestic, Government plans to expand; April p. 67. Fleet, fishing, mechanization of; April p. 67. Frozen fishery products, new firm plans to pack and export; Mar. p. 71. Karachi fish harbor and market; April p. 67. Persian Gulf opened to fishermen by agree- ment with Iran; July p. 79. Shrimp trawler fleet expanded; Mar. p. 79. PANAMA Fisheries trends, 1962; July p. 90. Lobster, spiny: exploratory fishing project; Jan. p. 109, April p. 71, June p. 85, Aug. p. 102, Dec. p. 76. industry trends; Oct. p. 63. Shrimp industry, 1962; July p. 90. PARACHUTE North Pacific, Central, current studies aided by drogues; Sept. p. 21. PARAGUAY International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea accepted by ; Nov. p. 53. PASTEURIZATION Shrimp iced storage life extended by low radiation dosage; Jan. p. 37. PATENT, U.S. Frozen fish drip, granted for chemical solution that reduces; Feb. p. 25. PEARL ESSENCE Japan's import duty reduced; Mar. p. 78. PEARL SHELL French Polynesia fishery for ; Feb. p. 68. PELAGIC FISH California: airplane spotting used for population survey; Nov. pp. 21, 22. population survey continued; Feb. p. 18, May p. 19, July p. 31, Sept. pp. 14, 17, Nov. pp. 21, 22, Dec. pp. 17, 19. Tuna; albacore, abundance and distribution in Pacific Ocean studied by M/V "John N. Cobb"; Sept. p. 38. 1963 Index a a ee 1963 Index PELAGIC TRAWL Efficiency of to be investigated (M/V "John N. Cobb''); Mar. p. 27. Tested as high seas sampling device for Pacific salmon (M/V "John N. Cobb" cruise 61); Nov. p. 39. PEPSIN Fish meal protein digestibility tests improved by lowering concentration of ; Aug. p. 32. PERU Anchovy: fishermen's strike unsettled as of March 1, 1963; May p. 82. vessels and catch; Mar. p. 80. Exports: fish and whale meal, 1961-62; June p. 86. marine oils, 1961-62; June p. 86. principal marine products; May p. 83, Aug. p. 105. Fisheries trends, third quarter, 1962; Feb. p. 85. Fishing industry status as of July 1963; Sept. p. 88. Fish meal: exports and production, Jan.-Aug. 1962; Jan. p. 66, Apr. p. 33. exports, Jan. -Oct. 1962; Mar. p. 39. exports under Decree-Law advisory rather than mandatory; Feb. p. 84. export taxes, revision proposed of; June p. 88. industry continues to expand; Apr. p. 72. industry faces problems; Oct. p. 63. industry obtains loan to consolidate debts; Nov. p. 77. industry status as of July 1963; Sept. p. 88. industry trends, April-June 1963; Sept. p. 88. Japanese firm plans joint venture in ; July p. 82. major industry in northern area; May p. 82. marketing procedures; Feb. p. 84. production; Mar. p. 39, Apr. p. 33. production and exports; Jan. p. 66, Apr. p. 33, May p. 52. supply and distribution, 1960-63; June p. 86, Aug. p. 104. taxes, new, increase production costs; Apr. p. 73. Fish meal and oil industry trends, 1962; June p. 86. Fish oil industry trends, April-June 1963; Sept. p. 88. Investment opportunities presented by fish meal industry; July p. 91. Landings and exports up sharply in recent years; July p. 67. Production, imports, exports, and consumption of edible fishery products, 1960-62; Jan. p. 111. Territorial’ waters, Ecuador, Chile, and may ban foreign vessels from; Aug. p. 77. Tuna: canning factoryship, U.S. vessel purchased for; June p. 88, Aug. p. 104. U.S. vessels, Peruvian reaction on seizure by Ecuador of; Aug. p. 104. PERSIAN GULF Fishing rights in ; July p. 79. PESTICIDES California State agencies move to halt fish losses from agricultural 3; Oct. p.- 16. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 47 PESTICIDES DDT-treated irrigation water, investigation of fish losses from; Aug. p. 21, Sept. p. 21. Effects of on fish studied at U. S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife fish hatchery; Sept. p. 44. Food and Agriculture Organization conference on held in Rome; Jan. p. 67. Marine scientist discusses ; Mar. p. 31. Pollution of water by » new Public Health Service Atlanta Laboratory to study; Jan. p. 47. Research to develop new compounds, Interior De- partment favors; Aug. p. 47. PEST PLANT(S) Eurasian watermilfoil, control of, achieved; May Ds Le PHILADELPHIA Aquarama in May p. 15. has live king crabs on display; PHILIPPINES Canned fish, Japanese exports to crease; July p. 82. Cannery, fish, ''Cooley'' loan for; July p. 92. Danish cutters sought by Fisheries Ministry; Jan. p. 86. Fisheries, plans to develop; Jan. pp. 112, 113, Feb. p. 85, July p. 92. Fresh-water fish biologist from U.S. accepts FAO assignment in ; Feb. p. 86. Lake, biggest in » being studied; Mar. p. 81. Sardines, canned: bids cancelled; Dec. p. 77. U.S. pack, market for; Nov. p. 78. may in- PHOS PHOROUS Composition method, new, for determining in fishery products; Jan. p. 24. PHOTOGRAPHY Light box for photographing fish and invertebrates at sea; Sept. p. 8. PILCHARD-MAASBANKER Australian market for ; Dec. p. 56. Filleting machine developed in Belgium for herring and ; Feb. p. 63. South Africa Republic fishery for ; Jan. p. 114, May p. 86, July p. 93, Aug. p. 106, Sept. p. 90, Oct. p. 64, Nov. p. 78, Dec. p. 78. South-West Africa: fillets, frozen, firm plans to export; Sept. p. 91. Walvis Bay fishery trends, January 1963; June p. 90. PIRANHA Brazil, inland waters, eradiation of p. 46. in; Mar, PLAICE Danish fishermen's minimum price program for withdrawn; Sept. p. 65. PLANKTON Alaska, seasonal increases of May p. 17, Aug. p. 18. Auke Bay, Alaska, build-up indicated in; May p. 17. in Auke Bay; 48 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW PLANKTON (cont. ) Electronic device speeds collection of p. 38. North Atlantic herring larvae of spring-spawned ; Dec. fish, tows made by M/V ''Delaware"' for; Sept. p. 35. Seabird -oceanography relationships study by Smithsonian Institution; Sept. p. 39. Tropical phytoplankton, study of; Nov. p. 44. POLAND Africa, west, to be used for expanding fishing operations in South Atlantic; Feb. p. 87. Fish catch, fleet of wide-ranging freezerships needed to raise; May p. 83. Fisheries research cooperation by » Soviet Union, and German Democratic Republic; Oct. p. 43. Fisheries trends, July 1963; Dec. p. 77. Fishery plans, long-range, call for wide-ranging fleet of vessels; Feb. p. 87. Fleet, fishing, size of; Feb. p. 87. Landings by distant-water fleet; Feb. p. 86, July p. 92. Stern trawler visits Walvis Bay, South-West Africa, for supplies; May p. 88. POLLOCK Irradiation preservation of » new contract includes studies on; Feb. p. 42. POLLUTION DDT-treated irrigation water, investigation of possible fish losses from; Aug. p. 21, Sept. p. 21, Oct. p. 16. Fish killed by water » 1962; July p. 50. OECD scientific consultants draft program for studies on sea ; May p. 54. Pesticides effect on fish studied at Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Bureau fish hatchery; Sept. p. 44. Pesticides, marine scientist discusses; Mar. p. 31. Potomac River, oxygen deficiency from secondary destroys fish in; Sept. p. 43. Public Health Service, U.S., new Laboratory to study water by pesticides; Jan. p. 47. Radioactive waste disposal problems; Sept. p. 44. Sea by oil wastes, meeting held on; Jan. p. 46. Toxicity of certain chemicals to fish studied; Jan. p. 47. Water field laboratory, Michigan selected as site of; Feb. p. 47. POND CULTIVATION Shrimp, studies of; Aug. p. 52. South Carolina studies, January-March 1963; June p. 41. PORPOISE Denmark, sense organs of Jan. p. 87. » research on; PORTUGAL Canned fish exports; Mar. p. 82, June p. 89, Aug. p. 105, Sept. p. 89, Dec. p. 77. Canned fish industry concerned over rising Common Market tariffs; June p. 89. Canned fish pack; Mar. p. 82, June p. 89, Aug. p. 105, Sept. p. 90, Dec. p. 77. 1963 Index PORTUGAL Canned fish trends, Jan. -May 1963; Sept. p. 89. Cuttlefish, frozen, Japanese exports to of; Nov. p. 72. Fishing industry, more bonds issued to aid; Mar. p. 82. Fish meal, exports of, 1959-1961; May p. 84. Marine oils, production and exports of, 1959-1961; May p. 84. Sardines, canned, rejection by Italy and West Germany subject of inquiry; July p. 92. Seaweed processing company planned, joint Japan- ese-Portuguese; May p. 75. Soviet Bloc fishery trade in 1962; June p. 89. Territorial waters trend toward expansion affects fisheries, Apr. p. 73. Tuna, frozen, Japanese exports to Jan. p. 96. and Spain; POTOMAC RIVER Oxygen deficiency from algae concentrations destroys fish in ; Sept. p. 43. POULTRY FEEDS Fish meal in Aug. p. 30. , cost factor important in use of; POWER BLOCK ; Japanese tests with encouraging; Feb. p. 76. Norwegian herring seine fishery, proves successful in; May p. 82. PRESERVATION (also see IRRADIATION PRESERVATION) Boxing fish at sea improves quality; May p. 89. Buffalofish products, frozen, certain antioxidants lengthen storage life of; Oct. p. 16. Irradiation of fishery products: crab meat and fish products studies under way in Seattle; Feb. p. 42. crab meat, king, bacterial population reduced; June p. 35. irradiator, new, architectural studies begun for; July p. 43. market research study, another; Oct. p. 26. research on; Jan. p. 38. Refrigerated sea water: quality of ocean perch good when held in; Jan. p. 47. ultraviolet radiation used to reduce bacteria in; May p. 39. PRESERVED FISH Austria drops requirement of certificate of origin for imported ; Jan. p. 79. PRICES Wholesale prices; Jan. p. 62, Feb. p. 56, Mar. p. 37, Apr. p. 31, May p. 50, June p. 53, July p. 60, Aug. p. 62, Sept. p. 53, Oct. p. 37, Nov. p. 50, Dec. p. 46. PROCESSING (also see FISH PROCESSING) Breaded fishery products processors granted over- time exemption under Fair Labor Standards Act; Sept. p. 110. Crabs, blue, new for; Apr. p. 17. machinery being developed Index 1963 PROCESSING (cont. ) Filleting machine developed in Belgium for herring and pilchard; Feb. p. 63. Shrimp machinery, Federal Trade Com- mission findsfirm not guilty of suppressing com- petition in; July p. 99. PRODUCTS OF AMERICAN FISHERIES U.S. imports of » 1960-61 and Jan. -April 1962; Jan. p. 58. PROTEIN Consumption of per capita; July p. 111. Fish meal net values determined without chemical analysis; Aug. p. 31. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, U.S. Environmental studies in Lake Erie; July p. 37. Fishermen, self-employed, Interior Department urges restoration of benefits to; Oct. p. 20. Pollution of water by pesticides, new Atlanta laboratory to study; Jan. p. 47. Water pollution field laboratory, Michigan selected as site of new; Feb. p. 47. PUBLIC ROADS, BUREAU OF Highway construction damage to fish and wildlife, policy developed to prevent; Oct. p. 70. PUERTO RICO Landings, 1961; Jan. p. 48. Tuna canneries: new plant activated in April 1963; July p. 51. operations reviewed by Japanese; May p. 69. workers not included in wage order program for industries; Feb. p. 94. workers, new minimum wage rates announced for; May p. 91. workers' minimum wage rates revised; Aug. Det lilt Tuna, fresh or frozen, imports through U.S. Customs District of » Jan.-June 1962; Jan. p. 57. PURSE SEINER(S) Japanese fisheries and licensing policies for designated; Apr. p. 59. Pacific coast cooperate with scientists in study of thermocline; Nov. p. 46. Stern trawler- "Narragansett, '' automated, launched; March p. 34. QUALITY Fresh fish Sept. p. 33. Freshness tester, fish, to undergo further trials; Oct. p. 50, _ Studied, new method of assessing; RADIOACTIVE WASTE(S) Chesapeake Bay study of Apr. p. 30. to be continued; Disposal problems, ; Sept. p. 44. RADIONUCLIDES Marking fish, offer possibilities for; Apr. p. 27. RAMPART CANYON DAM PROJECT Interior to prepare report on SSReDe De) Lilie COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 49 RANCIDITY (also see OXIDATION) Buffalofish products, frozen, antioxidants effective in retarding of; Oct. p. 16. Salmon, frozen, antioxidant tested to prevent in; Jan. p. 48. RECIPES Crabs, booklet on how to cook; July p. 10. Rainbow trout Scandinavian; Sept. p. 139. Tuna ; Aug. p. 143. RECLAMATION, BUREAU OF Hatchery, Trinity River, built by » July p. 35. RED SEA Jordan attempts to develop fishing industry in 8 Oct. p. 59. Oceanographic research in the by Israel; Oct. p. 52. Soviet fishing in ; Sept. p. 98. RED TIDE Chemical control of 1963; June p. 31. » studies on, Jan.-Mar. REEL Electrically operated fishing with brake, new, patented; Jan. p. 37. REFRIGERATED SEA WATER Bacteria in , ultraviolet radiation tested to reduce; May p. 39. Ocean perch quality good when held in ; Jan. Pp. 47. Vessels, fishing, use of by Canadian; Mar. De Otis REFRIGERATION STANDARDS Canada proposes for carriers of fishery products; Mar. p. 57. REGULATIONS Alaska fishing _—, revised, issued; Mar. p. 18. Bulk commodity minimum rate » fisheries and farm organizations support removal of; May p. 44. Massachusetts amends pertaining to icing and evisceration of fish on vessels; Dec. p. 36. Tuna hearing for Eastern Pacific, report on; Jan. p. 55. RESEARCH Auke Bay fisheries biological laboratory, Federal, cooperates with Alaska; Aug. p. 15. Computer, electronic, speeds at marine laboratory; May p. 49. Pesticide- wildlife p. 97. laboratory dedicated; June RHODE ISLAND Landings, fishery, 1962; July p. 51. RHODESIA AND MYASALAND FEDERATION Fish processing research and fish farming potential, early 1963; May p. 84. 50 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1963 Index ROCKFISH SALMON Blue tagged and biological data collected in Canned: mid-coastal area by California's M/V "'N. B. pink; Scofield"; Aug. p. 19. Canada's pack in 1962 causes marketing problems; Aug. p. 82. ROE (see EGGS) RUMANIA Danish fishery exports to ; Oct. p. 48. Trawlers, Japanese, to be purchased; Jan. p. 113. SABLEFISH Japanese vessels in Bering Sea recover tagged in Wash. State; Mar. p. 31. SALMON Alaska: Bristol Bay run forecast for 1963; May p. 16. Bristol Bay season; Oct. p. 15 canneries in southeast area, Bureau of Indian Affairs study planned on; Mar. p. 18. carotenoid study at Ketchikan technological re- search laboratory; July p. 30. fishermen demand higher prices; Sept. p. 13. Kodiak Island, new fishway opens large spawning area on; Dec. p. 14. migration distances, record, revealed in Yukon River studies; Feb. p. 17. Prince William Sound run forecast for 1963; May p. 16. southeastern fisheries; Dec. p. 13. U.S. -Canadian biologists agree on Dixon En- trance reports; Sept. p. 12. Atlantic: Canadian tagged caught off Greenland; Jan. p. 120. fish runs; July p. 134. sexual maturity may be hastened by hormone treatment; May p. 62. Australia's research aided by tagging; Apr. p. 39. California: hatchery, Trinity River, for opened; July p. 35. landings, commercial, lower in 1962; Jan. p. 23. spawning survey, annual, conducted; Dec. p. 23. sport catch, 1962; May p. 20. sport fishing regulations, 1963; May p. 20. trawling, midwater, for fingerlings continued; July p. 31. Canada: tagged Atlantic recapture represents longest migration recorded; Jan. p. 120. p. 120. tagging and distribution studies, 1962; Mar. p. 58. unloading , air pressure system demon- strated for; Mar. p. 58. and steelhead unloading from vessel, new method tested for; Sept. p. 60. Canned: Alaska: pack, composition of, Aug. 25, 1963; Nov. p. 19. pack in 1963 with comparisons; Dec. p. 13. pack in 1962; July p. 28. promotional campaign proposed; May p. 16. Canada's British Columbia pack, 1962; Jan. p. 79. Japan: export trends, 1962; Sept. p. 71. prices for 1963/64 export year; Dec. p. 69. New Zealand increases imports from U.S.S.R.; Nov. p. 75. Japan reduces price for 1962 pack; Aug. p. 95. United Kingdom imports, 1961-62; June p. 93, Chinook: Columbia River fish hatchery evaluation program; Oct. p. 31. Columbia River marking project; Aug. p. 48. Oregon: hatchery collects record number of eggs from Willamette River; Nov. p. 42. spring run in the Middle Willamette River, hatch- eries maintain; May p. 37. Sacramento River, mature June 1963 in; Nov. p. 44, Chum: Alaska: egg survival from 1962 spawning encouraging; June p, 22, Japanese firm shows interest in purchasing ; June p. 21, survival good over winter at Olsen Bay; July p.29. Columbia River Fishery Development Program: Middle Snake River area fisheries improvement projects; Oct. p. 32. Denmark: Baltic Sea, eastern, fishery; Jan, p. 87. fishermen seek off Norway; Aug. p. 86. long lines used in eastern Baltic Sea; Jan. p. 87. Fraser River 1963 catch forecast; Feb. p. 47. Fraser River program discussed at meeting in Wash- ington, D, C.; Sept. p. 57. Fresh-water spawned adapt to salt water; Sept. p. 4. Frozen , antioxidant tested to prevent rancidity in; Jan. p. 48. Gill nets, monofilament and multifilament, compari- son of catches in; May p. 1. Hatchery evaluation project in Northwest, "first re- turns" reported on huge; Sept. p. 45. Iceland, smoking , new method of; Apr. p. 53. Inter-Agency Council reviews status of Pacific ; Dec. p. 12. Japan; catch of , 1957-1961; Jan, p. 102, fisheries and licensing. policies designated; Apr. p.59. fishermen's association to send mission to U. S, and Canada; June p,. 82, North Pacific mothership fleet attains quota for 1963; Oct. p, 54, Northwest Pacific catch quotas, Japan and U.S.S.R. reach agreement on; June p. 58, vessels assigned for research on King: Alaska's gill-net season opens at Taku Inlet; July p. 28. California fishway, new, may re-establish run on Eel River; Apr. p. 15. hatchery rearing methods, comparison of; Jan, p. 49. Landings, Jan.-July 14, 1963; Sept. p. 48. North Pacific run to Fraser River, excessive escape- ment threatens; Sept. p. 44, Oregon spawning grounds, removal of abandoned dam on Yamhill River opens new; Nov. p. 41. Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission, International, research program reorganized; Aug. p. 76. spawn during May- ; June p. 82, 1963 Index SALMON (cont.). Pacific Salmon Interagency Council organized; May p. 39. Pink: Alaska: biological studies, October 1962; Jan, p. 23. egg loss in Olsen Bay high from overspawning; Feb, p. 17. egg mortalities from overspawning; Mar, p. 19. egg mortality in Little Port Walter; Feb. p. 16. egg survival from 1962 spawning encouraging; June p. 22. eggs warmed by intertidal action; Aug. p. 17. growth affected by salt-water temperatures; Oct. p. 16. races, intertidal, evidence of separate; Aug. p. 17. spawning channel at Olsen Bay to be improved; June p. 21. survival good over winter at Olsen Bay; July p. 29. Canada: eggs from British Columbia transplanted in New- foundland River; Mar. p. 58. frozen glazed dressed , net weight determin- ation for; Oct. p. 1. International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commis - sion: catch for 1963, Commission considers division of; Oct. p. 41. regulations, fishing, for first half of Sept. 1963 reviewed; Oct. p. 41. regulatory problems discussed; Oct. p. 42. North Pacific Convention waters, proper harvest planned for in; Oct. p. 40. Southeastern Alaska run shows unexpected ocean mortality; Dec. p. 16. Soviets propose prohibition of Japan's high-seas fishing; Dec. p. 68. Lake Superior streams, appear in; Oct. p. 27. Puget Sound fishery, scientists recommend sharp reduction in vessels used in; May p. 49. Red or sockeye: Alaska: Auke Lake adult run good; Oct. p. 16. biological studies, October 1962; Jan. p. 23. races of Karluk shown by fecundity differ- ences; Mar. p. 19. smolts' age related to location of spawning; Mar. p. 19. smolts at Naknek highest on record; Oct. p. 15. smolts at Ugashik highest on record; Sept. p. 14. streams, home, experiments ‘o influence fish's choice of; Feb. p. 17. Canada: life cycle, normal,extended by scientists; Mar. p. 59. mortailty, excessive, in Fraser River system under study; Dec. p. 51. San Joaquin River flow reversal threatens resource; Nov. p. 44. Silver: Oregon: eggs of » hatcheries take record number in 1962; Feb. p. 46. yearling planted in Alsea River; May p. 37. yearling released, record number of; July p. 49. year-olds planted in Coos River system; May p. 39. expected to re- COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 51 SALMON Silver: run of adults, fall 1962, to Pacific Northwest hatch- eries good; Jan. p. 48, Spawning area contract negotiated by River Basins Studies with Alaska University; Sept. p. 13. Stocks, dwindling, Pacific Coast States form inter- agency council to save; Feb. p. 48. Stream improvement aids spawning fish; Nov. p. 44, Trawl, pelagic: efficiency for catching [yy Be tested as a high-seas sampling device; Nov. p. 39. Washington: farming program proves expensive; Jan, p. 61. sports fishermen catches good in 1962; June p. 92, to be evaluated; Sept. SALT FISH Icelandic firm granted permission to export May p. 66, SAMPLER New Zealander invents new to skim ocean top; Sept. p. 96, SAN FRANCISCO BAY Investigations in by M/V "Nautilus"; Sept. p.15. SANITATION Defense Subsistence Supply Center: sanitary approval prerequisites for procurement, fishery products included under; Jan, p. 28, OECD regulations on for fishery products, pub- lication issued on; Feb, p. 62. SARDINES California survey of population density, distribution, and age composition of and other pelagic fish; May p. 19. Canned: Australia's market for j7Dec ps0. Austria temporarily waives import duty on in Olive oil; Jan. p. 79. Burma's market for 3; Nov. p. 57. Maine: export market development program launched; Nov. p. 37. , stocks; Jan, p. 38, Apr. p. 21, June p. 35, Aug. p.36, Sept. p, 34, stocks included in Bureau of Census survey; Dec. p. 36. Mexico's market restricted to domestic production; Dec. p.. 72. Morocco's exports to France may be restricted; Feb, p. 82. Philippine market for U. S, ; Nov. p. 78. Philippine Republic cancels bids on HHDECH Delite Portugal studies rejection of by Italy and West Germany; July p. 92. Frozen: France holds up entry of Moroccan ; Jan, p. 90, Morocco exports of to France; Jan. p. 106, Aug. p. 99, Nov. p. 75. Ivory Coast fishing industry, Heb pemlias i Japan's canning season begins; Mar. p. 75. South Africa Republic pilchard-maasbanker fishery, Jan.-Mar. 1963; Aug. p. 106. most important to; 52 SARDINES (cont.) Zanzibar purse seine fishery to be developed; Feb. p. 90. SAURY Canned: Japanese exports of ; Sept. p. 76. South Korea sells to Burma; Oct. p. 60. U.S.S.R.: canning plant established in Kuril Islands; Aug. p. 110. crab factoryships canning in North Pacific; Sept. p. 99. research plans to develop Mar. p. 84, vessels, fishing, testing fluorescent lights; Nov. p. 84. fishery in Pacific; SCALING FISH Holder for patented; Nov. p. 36. SCALINE MACHINE Switzerland develops for fish; Feb. p. 88. SCALLOP Alaska, preliminary explorations planned in 1963 in waters off; June p. 22. Australia, Tasmania, landings set new record in 1962; Apr. p. 42. Calico explorations continued off Florida and Georgia coasts; Jan. p. 53, June p. 41. Canada: landings at Atlantic ports set new record in 1962; Mar. p. 59. processed products subject to compulsory Government inspection; June p. 63. industry; July p. 11. Georges Bank, survey of p. 41. Gulf of Alaska, distribution and abundance of studied in; Aug. p. 16. New Bedford landings, Jan,-June 1963; Sept. p. 48. New England, abundance forecast for 1963 off; Feb. p. 43. Promotional program, Canadians join with U.S. pro- ducers in; May p. 40. Shucking , method patented for; Nov. p. 36. population on; Aug. SCHOOL LUNCH Whiting products, new, tested at University of Mas - sachusetts Annual Conference; Sept. p. 1. SCOTLAND Fish flour production by Aberdeen firm arouses in- terest; Dec. p. 81. SCUBA DIVING Underwater observation, more extensively used by Oregon for; Mar. p. 29. SEA-BED DRIFTER Ocean currents, release of p. 41. for study of; Sept. SEA BIRD(S) Study of -plankton-oceanography relationships; Sept. p. 39, Tuna migrations, Japanese University to study re- | lation between and; Oct, p. 54. ‘ COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1963 Index SEA DAB Canadian scientists review research on at 1962 annual meeting; Mar. p. 55. SEA LAMPREY (see LAMPREY, SEA) SEA LION Alaska pup skins, processed, may have commercial value; July p. 31. SEAL SKINS (also see FUR SEAL) Greenland , auction of; Apr. p. 49. SEA TROUT Gulf of Mexico industrial fishery, studies of occur- rence of in; Feb. p. 36, SEATTLE Marine Aquarium in display; Aug. p. 5. has live king crabs on SEA WATER Conversion of to fresh water apparatus suc- cessful on Japanese tuna vessel; Nov. p. 72. SEAWEED Japanese-Portuguese plan joint company; May p. 75. processing SECOND WORLD FISHING GEAR CONGRESS Fishes, marine, prospective developments in the harvesting of; July p. 64, Fishing-fleet operations, Japanese experts describe; July p. 63. SENEGAL Landings fisheries, 1959-1961; Jan. p. 114. Tuna: freezing, landed by foreign vessels for; May p. 85. industry trends, Dec. 1962; Apr. p. 74. SHAD Columbia River run increases; May p. 40. Susquehanna River, study on restoration of May p. 41, Aug. p. 48. in; SHARK Canada's migration studies on branding technique; Mar. p. 60. Denmark's fishery for herring; Sept. p. 66. Gulf of Mexico, cow first time on record caught in; Jan. p. 32. Migration studies of mackerel branding irons used in; Nov. p. BUS aided by new off Nova Scotia, SHELLFISH Bivalve larvae: food for; Jan. p. 4. rearing of; Jan. p. 1. salinities for raising; Jan. p. 5. water temperatures for growing; Jan. p. 4. Carotenoid study on at Ketchikan technological research laboratory; July p. 30. Crab, blue, industry being mechanized; July p. 1. France's certificate of wholesomeness for imports of certain no longer required; Oct. p. 49. 1963 Index SHELLFISH (cont. ) Hatcheries for and their future; Jan. p. 1. Hatcheries, some problems of; Jan. p. 6, International Council for the Exploration of the Sea holds special meeting on crustacea; Jan. p. 70. Registration fees proposed by New York City for shippers and processors of ; Feb. p. 48. SHRIMP Alaska; Cook Inlet explorations planned in 1963; June p. 22. Cook Inlet, initial sampling successful in; May p. 18. explorations begun by M/V "Yaquina"; Oct. p. 15. fisheries at crossroads; Dec. p. 14. Kodiak fishery expands; Sept. p. 13. Kodiak processing plant; May p. 17. packing operations curtailed in Aug. 1963; Nov. Delos southeastern waters, distribution studied in; Jan. p. 22. Aransas Pass, Tex., study of seasonal distribu- tion of adult and larval off,Jan. -Mar. 1963; June p. 31. Australia: exports up sharply in fiscal year 1962/63; Dec. p. 56. Gulf of Carpentaria, survey of resources in; Apr. p. 41, Dec. p. 55. Japanese buying 3; Nov. p. 55. processors survey markets in United States; Apr. p. 41. Shark Bay, fishery in; Apr. p. 40, Sept. p. 58, Behavior studies as related to salinity history of juvenile ; Feb. p. 34. British Guiana fishery trends, 1962; Apr. p. 43. California: northern and central coastal waters, survey of resources in; July p. 32, Dec. p. 21. southern and central coastal waters, survey of resources in; May p. 20. Canada: distribution of Jan, p. 43. Canned: Federal Specification, revision proposed for; Sept. p. 24, Gulf States pack; Jan. p. 50, Feb. p. 49, Mar. p. 32, Apr. p. 25, May p. 42, July p. 52, Aug. p. 51, Sept. p. 46, Oct. p. 33, Nov. p. 45, off Vancouver Island studied; Dec. p. 43. Japan: exports in FY 1963, increase proposed of; June p. 79. export prices for reduced; Sept. p. 75. Canning experiments, deep-water samples of small obtained for; Jan, p. 31. Canning industry in Gulf States; Feb. p. 1. Chicago, Ill.: price, wholesale, for frozen domestic brown species (5-lb. pkg.); Jan. p. 50, Feb. p. 49, Mar, p. 32, Apr. p. 25, May p. 42, July p. 52, Aug. p. 51, Sept. p. 46, Oct. p. 33, Nov. p. 45, Dec. p. 43. Chile's demand for met; Sept. p. 61. Fishing gear studies; July p. 39. Florida Everglades National Park nursery grounds, study of the life history of late postlarval and juvenile in the; June p. 31, Dec. p. 28. and langostino can't be COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 53 SHRIMP French Guiana: U.S. firms, two, to develop fishery; Feb. p. 68. U.S. firm expands; Aug. p. 88. U.S. firms, two, expand operations; June p. 69. Fresh -water : planted in California and Nevada lakes; Dec. p. 41. Frozen: breaded: packing and handling; Nov. p. 1. processing methods; Nov. p. 1. raw product, accuracy of the official method for determining breading of; June p. 8. standards of identity for raw product, effective date stayed on; Aug. p. 114. standards for raw product, public meetings held on proposed revision of; Aug. p. 115. futures market for may open in Chicago; Nov. p. 45. futures trading opens in Chicago; Dec. p. 42. inventories; Jan, p. 50, Feb. p. 49, Mar. p. 32, Apr. p. 25, May p. 42, July p. 52, Aug. p. 51, Sept. p. 46, Oct. p. 33. peeled and deveined, individually frozen: packing and handling of; Nov. p. 1. processing methods; Nov. p. 1. Guatemala's exports increased sharply in 1962; Feb. p. 70. Gulf of Alaska distribution studies continued; Nov. p. 20. Gulf of Mexico: Aransas Pass (Tex.) Inlet, study of seasonal dis- tribution patterns of adult and larval in, July-Sept. 1963; Dec. p. 28. ears, bait fishery in Galveston Bay; Feb. p. 33, June p. 27, Dec. p. 28. behavior of deep-water study of; Aug. p. 28. commercial catch sampling; Feb. p. 33, June p. 27, Dec. p. 28. distribution studies; Jan. p. 32, Feb. p. 37, Apr. p. 18, May p. 29, June p 31, July p. 40, Aug. Paced, sept, p-29, Oct. p23, Dec. paace Florida Bay ecology studies, July-Sept. 1963; Dec. p. 28. gear research coordinated with studies; Aug. p. 28. gear studies continued; Dec. p. 27. migration, growth, and mortality of brown and white studied; June p. 27, Dec. p. 28. migration, growth, and mortality of pink studied; June p, 27. Mississippi Sound and adjacent waters, study of abundance of post larval in; June p. 31, Dec. p. 28. physiology and behavior studies related to A July-Sept. 1963; Dec. p. 28. population dynamics, study of; June p. 27, Dec. p. 28. spawning population study; Feb. p. 32, June p. 27, Dec. p. 28. Gulf of Mexico ports: prices, ex-vessel, all species; Jan. p. 50, Feb. p.49, Mar. p. 32, Apr. p. 25, May p. 42, July p. 52, Aug. p. 51, Sept. p. 46, Oct. p. 33, Nov. p. 45, Dec. p. 43. Honduras: fishery expands; Aug. p. 89, Oct. p. 50. United States firm enters and spiny lobster fisheries; Feb. p. 71. , motion picture marking COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW SHRIMP (cont.) Imports; Jan. p. 50, Feb. p. 49, Apr. p. 25, May p. 42, July p. 52, Aug. p. 51, Sept. p. 46, Oct. Demos Import transshipments of caught by U.S. flag vessels, 1960-61 and Jan. -Apr. 1962; Jan. p.58. India seeks U.S. collaboration for new fish and project; Mar. p. 68. Irradiation preservation: iced storage life extended by low-dosage pasteuri- zation; Jan. p. 37. Japan: Bering Sea bottomfish factoryships catch and proc- ess ; Feb. p. 75. breeding experiments for 'kuruma"' type success- ful; Sept. p. 83. Gulf of Alaska, fishing in; Oct. p. 55. midwater trawling shows promise; Apr. p. 62. North Borneo, Government to finance base in; Heb. pa 76: Japanese firm contracts with UnitedStates shipyard for construction of four trawlers; Oct. p. 58. Japanese-Guatemala, joint, fishing venture; May p. 64. Korea, Republic of: exports of frozen » value of, 1962; Feb. pe U8: frozen export industry, development of; Feb. p. 78. Kuwait industry trends; Sept. p. 85. Landings, U.S., Jan. -July 1963; Sept. p. 48. Larvae studies in Gulf of Mexico; Feb. p. 33, June p. 27, Dec. p. 28. Louisiana investigations, 1962; May p. 32. Louisiana Vermilion Bay study of postlarval popu- lations of white and brown with respect to season and area; June p. 31. Maine landings, fluctuations in; Apr. p. 5. Mexico: exports, direct taxes on; Feb. p. 81. price drop in U.S. forces Mexican vessel owners to seek relief; Dec. p. 72. west coast fishery trends, Oct. -Nov. 1962; Jan. p. 105. Migration studies in Gulf of Mexico; Feb. p. 33. New Zealand survey raises hope for fishery; Aug. p. 99. Norway fishing agreement with Sweden ex- tended through 1964; June p. 58. Nicaragua fishery trends, second quarter 1963; Nov. p. 76. Oregon regulations on 1963; Feb. p. 46. Pakistan trawler fleet expanded; Mar. p. 79. Panama industry trends, 1962; July p. 90. Pink: : cultivation, artificial, from egg to adult; Aug. p. 49. Everglades National Park nursery grounds, life history of late postlarval and juvenile in; Feb, p. 37. mortality studies, stained and released by M/V "Silver Bay" for; Feb. p. 37. reared from eggs to juvenile stages; Jan. p. 49. Tortugas shelf of Florida, study of abundance and distribution on; Dec. p. 28. Pond cultivation studies in South Carolina; Feb. p. 90, Aug. p. 52. and bottom fishing for 1963 Index SHRIMP Postlarvae studies; Feb. pp. 34, 37, June p. 29, Dec. p. 28. Processed products: grade standards for; Nov. p. 1. types; Nov. p. 1. variations in processing of 3) NOV Denile Processing machinery firm found not guilty of sup- pressing competition by Federal Trade Commis- sion; July p. 99. Raw breaded frozen, standards of identity estab- lished by FDA; June p. 94. Royal-red: behavior study with motion pictures in Gulf of Mexico; July p. 38. explorations continued off Florida and Georgia coasts; Jan. p. 53. Florida's east coast explorations by M/V "Silver Bay" continued; Jan. p. 53. Gulf of Mexico, Northern,explorations continued; Jan. p. 31. Gulf of Mexico, production-type fishing tried in; Jan. p. 31, Gulf of Mexico seasonal distribution surveyed by M/V "Oregon"; Feb. p. 31, Nov. p. 34. South America, northeast coast of, surveyed for and bottomfish by M/V "Oregon"; June p. 25. South Atlantic and Gulf port prices, ex-vessel, all species; Jan. p. 50, Feb. p. 49, Mar. p. 32, Apr. p. 25, May p. 42, July p. 52, Aug. p. 51, Sept. p. 46, Oct. p. 33, Nov. p. 45, Dec. p.43. South Atlantic and Gulf States landings; Jan. p. 50, Feb. p. 49, Mar. p. 32, Apr. p. 25, May p. 42, July p. 52, Aug. p. 50, Sept. p. 46, Oct. p. 33, Nov. p. 45, Dec. p. 43. South Carolina studies; Feb, p. 49, June p. 41, Aug. p. 51. Staining of p. 33. Supply indicators for U.S. ; Jan, p. 50, Feb. p. 48, Mar. p. 32, Apr. p. 25, May p. 42, July p. 52, Aug. p. 50, Sept. p. 46, Oct. p. 33, Nov. p. 45, Dec. p. 43. Surinam exports, 1961-1962; July p. 93. Sweden's fishing agreement with Norway ex- tended through 1964; June p. 58. Tortugas shelf of Florida, study of the abundance and distribution of pink on the, Jan, -Mar. 1963; June p. 31. U.S. imports (estimated heads-on weight), 1959- 1962; May p. 42. U.S. supply and disposition, 1959-1962; May p. 41. Vessels fishing for averaged close to 52 feet in length in 1961; Aug. p. 56. Vessels financed under mortgage insurance program, two; Dec. p. 46. studies in Gulf of Mexico; Feb. SILVER COD TROPHY British trawler ''Somerset Maugham" wins for 1962; Apr. p 78. SINGA PORE Fisheries expansion policy, fishermen protest; July p. 93. Fish and shrimp ponds to be established in re- claimed swampland; May p. 85. SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Loans to fishery firms; Apr. p. 29, June p. 94. 1963 Index SMELT Filleting machine, special, developed in Belgium could be adapted to ; Feb. p. 63. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Seabird-plankton-oceanography relationships study contract awarded to ; Sept. p. 39. SMOKED FISH Austria drops requirement of certificate of origin for imported ; Jan, p. 79. Canada may prohibit sale in air-sealed containers; Dec. p. 58. Great Lakes area product to be distributed as a frozen food; Dec. p. 85. SNAKE RIVER, MIDDLE Fisheries improvement projects in area under Columbia River Fishery Development Pro- gram; Oct. p. 31. SODIUM ALGINATE Import duty, U.S., on reduced; Jan. p. 121. SOLE Petrale tagging off southern California by "N.B. Scofield"; Feb. p. 20. SOLOMON ISLANDS Fisheries potential promising; Nov. p. 78. SOMALIA, REPUBLIC OF Tuna cannery to be built with Soviet aid; Dec, p.78. SOUNDS Marine animal described by. expert; July p. 27. Whales strand on beaches, scientists explain why; Aug. p. 61. SOUTH AFRICA REPUBLIC Employment in the fishing industry; Oct. p. 66. Financial status of the fishing industry; Oct. p. 66. Fisheries Development Corporation of South Africa to expand; Oct. p. 65. Fisheries trends, Jan, -Oct, 1962; Jan. p. 114. Fishing grounds off , other nations interested in; Oct. p. 66. Fishing industry status; Oct. p. 66. Fishing limits of 12 miles, bill passed by parliament for; Sept. p. 91. Fish meal: Chilean plant, development by capital and technicians of; Jan. p. 114. exports, Jan, -Oct, 1962; Jan. p. 66, Mar. p. 39, Apr. p. 33, May p. 52. Japanese purchase from ; Dec. p. 68. plant, new automated; Oct. p. 65. production and exports; Jan. p. 66, Mar. p. 39, Apr. p. 33, May p. 52. Fish meal and oil trends, April 1963; Aug. p. 106, Harbor improvements; Jan. p. 114. Japanese trawler, another large, fishing off grounds; July p. 83. Landings, 1961; Oct. p. 66. Pilchard-maasbanker; fishery trends; Jan, p. 114, May p. 86, July p.93, Aug. p. 106, Sept. p. 90, Oct. p. 64, Nov. p. 78, Dec. p. 78. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 55 SOUTH AFRICA REPUBLIC Pilchard-maasbanker; landings and production, 1959-63; Dec. p. 78. Power blocks for lampara seining purchased; June p. 90, Spiny lobster tails, export trends /for; May p. 87. Taiwanese fishing vessels will use ports; Sept. p. 98. Territorial waters, legislation proposed to extend; Feb. p. 87. Trawler, another large Japanese, to fish off B July p. 83. Trawling fleet expansion planned by large fishery combine; May p. 85. Tuna: efforts to develop fishery for; Jan. p. 114. investigations off west coast; Sept. p. 90. Japanese vessel unloads at east coast port; Oct. p. 64. vessel, another, converted for fishery; Nov. p.79. Vessels, fishing: Cape Town boatyard builds thirty; Jan. p. 115. plastic-glass type, new large, built in ; Nov. Deno SOUTH AMERICA Pacific Coast fisheries landings and exports up sharply in recent years; July p. 67. Shrimp and bottomfish, northeast coast of surveyed by M/V "Oregon" for; June p. 25. Tuna: Japanese mothership operations off west coast; Nov. p.- 67. Japanese survey resources off west coast of 5 Nov. p. 67. SOUTH ATLANTIC Oyster industry of ; Mar. p. 8. SOUTH ATLANTIC EXPLORATORY FISHERY PROGRAM Florida, exploratory fishing for commercial species off (M/V "Silver Bay" Cruise 48): July p. 52. Georgia, exploratory fishing for commercial species off, (M/V ''Silver Bay" Cruise 48); July p. 52. North and South Carolina, exploratory trawling for commercial species continued off (M/V "Silver Bay'' Cruise 45); Apr. p. 25. North Carolina, fishing gear for catching herring- like fish tested off (M/V ''Silver Bay'' Cruise 43); Jan, p. 51. Seallops, calico, availability resurveyed off Georgia and Florida coasts (M/V "Silver Bay" Cruise 47); June p. 41. Shrimp: Gulf of Mexico gear research by M/V "'Silver Bay" coordinated with marking studies; Aug. p. 28. royal-red and callico scallop, explorations off Florida's east coast (M/V "Silver Bay'' Cruise 42); Jan. p. 53. SOUTH CAROLINA Exploratory trawling for commercial species off continued; Apr. p. 25. Finfish experimental otter trawling; Aug. p. 52. Finfish studies; Feb. p. 50. Fisheries biological research progress; Feb, p. 49, June p. 41, Aug. p. 51. Landings, fishery, 1962; Aug. p. 52. 56 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW SOUTH CAROLINA (cont. ) Oyster studies; Feb. p. 49, Aug. p. 51. Pond cultivation studies; Feb. p. 50, Aug. p. 52. Shrimp studies; Feb. p. 49, Aug. p. 51. SOUTH PACIFIC Japanese firm's tuna mothership fleet departs for ; Jan. p. 98. Tuna: albacore fishing by Japanese in poor; Sept. p. 0° Japanese request larger vessels for fishery in ; Nov. p. 66. Japanese catch poor as of early September 1963; Nov. p. 67. SOUTH-WEST AFRICA Canned fish marketing trends, May 1963; Julyp. 93. Employment in the fishing industry; Oct. p. 66. Financial status of the fishing industry; Oct. p. 66. Fisheries trends; Aug. p. 106, Nov. p. 79, Dec. p. 79. Fishing grounds off , other nations interested Te OGis fh Bh Toy Fishing industry status; Oct. p. 66. Fish meal: exports; Mar. p. 39, May p. 52. production, Jan, -Oct. 1962; Mar. p. 39, May p. 52. reduction plants, two new licenses granted for; Nov. p. 79. Landings, 1961; Oct. p. 66. Pilchard fillets, frozen, firm plans to export; Sept. p. 91. Pilchard fishery, Walvis Bay, trends Jan. 1963; June p. 90. Polish stern trawler visits Walvis Bay for supplies; May p. 88. Soviet fleet resumes fishing off coast; Aug. Da hOite Soviet trawlers fish in inshore pilchard grounds off 3; sept. p. 911' Spiny lobster tails, export trends for; May p. 87. Tuna fishing planned; Jan. p. 116, Oct. p. 67. SOUTH-WEST ATLANTIC Regional Fisheries Advisory Commission (FAO) meets in Brazil; Feb. p. 59. SOUTHEAST ASIA UNESCO appoints marine taxonomic expert for area; Jan. p. 75. SOVIET BLOC Foreign trade with Iceland, 1962; July p. 76. Iceland's exports of fishery products to ; Jan, -June 1963; Dec. p. 63. SOVIET BLOC TRIPARTITE AGREEMENT Fisheries research cooperation by Soviet Union, Poland, and German Democratic Republic; Oct. p. 43. SPAIN Fishery firm, new, plans large-scale expansion; Mar. p. 82. Hake to » Japanese firm concludes contract to export; Sept. p. 76. 1963 Index SPAIN Japanese firm signs five-year contract to buy Span- ish-caught fish; Sept. p. 91. Japanese importation of Spanish-caught fish opposed by Trawlers Association; Oct. p. 59. Soviet vessels fish tuna off coast by electric methods; Sept. p. 98. Tuna, frozen: Japan authorizes transshipment to p. 93. Japanese exports to and Portugal; Jan. p.96. market forecast, 1963; Feb. p. 74. Vigo: fish canning industry, July-Aug. 1962; Jan. p. 116. fisheries trends, July-Aug. 1962; Jan. p. 116. fish landings and prices, July-Aug. 1962; Jan. ; Aug. p. 116. SPAWNING Salmon area on Kodiak Island, Alaska, new fishway opens large; Dec. p. 14. SPEARFISH longbill species, new, identified in Atlantic and Gulf coastal waters; Aug. p. 53. SPINY LOBSTER (also see LOBSTER) Australia: fishery regulations for Western Australia amended; Nov. p. 595. resource decline, marine biologist warns of; Aug, feb; Uo SPONGES Greece: fishery, active, expected in 1963; June p. 71. landings, 1962; Apr. p. 52, Italy supplies Japanese market with ; June p. 82. Japan seeks new suppliers of ; June p. 82, Libyan Cyrenaican waters, Greek vessels to be licensed to operate in; June p. 71. SPORT FISH Federal aid for restoration, funds apportioned to states for ; Jan, p. 27. Federal aid to and wildlife restoration; July p. 36, Tagging study of bluefin tuna and other large game fish; Feb. p. 51. SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE, BUREAU OF Alaska regional office closed in reorganization; Aug. p. 115. Emblem, new, adopted by Pesticides effects on fish studied at mingo, Olka fish hatchery; Sept. p. 44, River basins salmon spawning area contract negoti- ated with University of Alaska; Sept. p. 13. Submarine, research, for undersea studies; April p. 23. SPORT FISHERIES RESEARCH Temperatures, sea surface, collected by infrared radiometer; Feb. p. 44. SPORT FISHING ; Artificial reefs to attract marine fish, evaluation needed of effectiveness of; Jan. outside back cover. ; Jan. p, 16, Tisho- 1963 Index SPORT FISHING (cont.) Catch, 1960; Jan, p. 54. Fishermen in 50 States, over 19 million sport; July p. 54. Florida's artificial reefs; Mar. p. 115. Salmon of fall chinook, Columbia River fish hatchery evaluation program aerial-ground tabu- lation of; Oct. p. 31. SPRAT Filleting machine, special, developed in Belgium for ; Feb. p. 63, SQUID California gets research grant for study of 3 May p. 19. Frozen from California successfully intro- duced in Australia; July p. 69. ST. PIERRE et MIQUELON ISLANDS Fishing base at planned by European Econom- ic Community countries; Feb. p. 57. Fishing base plans take shape; Feb. p. 57. Japanese trawler fishing in Northwest Atlantic lands first trip at ; Mar. p. 76, STANDARDS Fishery products, public meetings on grade for certain; Jan, p. 54. Fish portions, frozen raw breaded: Federal for grades of; Dec. p. 86. proposed amendment to Federal for; Sept. p. 101. Fish sticks and fish portions, new and amended Federal for grades of; July p. 100, Oct.p.71. Inspection of fishery products, voluntary, five years of; Nov. p. 11. Shrimp, frozen raw breaded: identity established; June p. 94, accuracy Of the official method of determining breading of; June p. 8. identity , effective date stayed on; Aug. p.114. revision, proposed , public meetings held on; Aug. p. 115. Tuna, canned, petition requests revision of for; Dec. p. 85. STARFISH Oysters, chemicals for to; July p. 50. screened for toxicity STATE, DEPARTMENT OF (also see AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVEL- OPMENT) Agency for International Development: fisheries aid grants to foreign countries, 1955- 1962; Sept. p. 104. foreign currencies set aside for local currency loans; Jan. p. 121. Sodium alginate import duty, U. S., reduced; Jan. p. 121. STEELHEAD California, Trinity River, hatchery, for salmon and opened; July p. 35. STORM WARNINGS Computing device, new, makes possible faster ; Apr. p. 27. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 57 STRIPED BASS Chesapeake Bay tagging project helps estimate abundance; May p. 43. STURGEON Iran's production of year 1962/63; Oct. p. 52. meat for sale, fiscal STRUVITE CRYSTALS Canned fish, are harmless in; Dec. p. 23. SUBMARINE Research , new; Apr. p, 23. U.S.S.R. fishery research by ; Sept. p. 99. SUBSIDIES Canada's vessel construction program; Dec. p. 58. Norway: cod and herring » proposed increases in; July p. 90. ; fishing vessel condemnation crease in; Apr. p. 67. » proposed in- Vessel, fishing, construction differential pro- gram; Feb. p. 53, Aug. p. 55. SUDAN Fishing harbor, new, planned; Aug. p. 107. Soviet fisheries aid to ; Sept. p. 98. SURINAM Foreign trade in fishery products, 1961-1962; July p. 93. SUSQUEHANNA RIVER Shad in , effort to reestablish; Aug. p. 48. Shad, study proposed on restoration in of; May p. 41. SWEDEN Fish meal and marine oil industry trends, fiscal year 1962/63; June p. 90. Marine oil industry trends, fiscal year 1962/63; June p. 90. Shrimp fishing agreement, Swedish-Norwegian, ex- tended through 1964; June p. 58, SWELLFISH Length-weight relationship and stomach contents of the in the York River, Virginia; Sept. p. 5. SWITZERLAND Divers, watch for; Feb. p. 88. Scaling machine for fish developed; Feb. p. 88. SWORDFISH Canada's commercial catches by long-line in 1962 very good; Mar, p. 60. Frozen exports by Japan for fiscal year 1963 allocated; May p. 70. Long-line exploratory fishing for off U.S. coast; Aug. p. 36. Long-line fishery, new, off southern New England shows promise; Feb, p. 51. New England long-lining for May p. 43. successful in 1962; TAGGING Crab, king, tags recovered in Shumagin Island area of Alaska; Feb. p. 17. 58 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW TAGGING (cont. ) Fish marking, radionuclides offer possibilities for; Apr. p. 27. Fresh-water fish, wire-dart tags fabricated for; Jan. p. 54. Rockfish, blue, California and collection of bi- ological data in mid-coastal area; Aug. p. 19. Sablefish tagged in Washington recovered by Japa- nese in Bering Sea; Mar, p. 31. Shrimp: pink species stained and released for mortality studies; Feb, p. 37, staining studies in Gulf of Mexico; Feb. p. 33. Striped bass estimate of abundance in Chesapeake Bay helped by project; May p. 43. Tuna, bluefin: California, resumed by chartered vessel "Elsinore™ off; Oct. p. 34. Cape Cod tagged fish recaptured near Maryland coast; Aug. p. 53. North Atlantic tagged fish recaptured near Rhode Island coast; Oct. p. 35. tagged off Mexico recaptured south of Japan; Aug. p. 53. Turtles, marine, West Coast firm fabricates wire- dart tags for; Jan. p. 54. TAHITI Tuna. base, Japanese firm exploring prospects of; Oct. p. 67. base plan; Jan. p. 117. base planned, Japanese-French; Mar. p. 73. bases approved by France, joint Japanese-French; Mar. p. 64, TAIWAN Cuttlefish export certificates available; Apr. p. 82. Fisheries production increases again in 1962; Apr. p. 74. Fisheries trends; Jan. p. 117, Apr. p. 74, Aug. p.107, Nov. p. 80. Tuna industry developments, third quarter 1962; Jan, p. 117. Trawl fishery, third quarter 1962; Jan, p. 117. Vessels, fishing, new, to be financed by World Bank loan; Dec. p. 79. Vessels, fishing, will use South African ports; Sept. p. 98. TANGANYIKA World Food Program, dried cod shipped to from Norway under; May p. 82. TARIFF(S) European Free Trade Association, accelerated cuts planned within; Apr. p. 33, Fishery products included in changes in import schedules; Sept. p. 105. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, changes in schedules effective by Presidential procla- mation; Sept. p. 111. Groundfish fillet import Apr. p. 82. Lobster crates and large boxes for shipment and re- shipment of fish, duty-free treatment of certain; Dec. p.89. Rules of practice and procedure, U. S. Tariff Com- mission revises; Jan, p. 122. rate quota for 1963; 1963 Index TARIFEF(S) Schedules, new effective date postponed of; Jan, pe a2 Trade Expansion Act of 1962, revised ules effective Aug. 31, 1963; Sept. p. 110. Tuna, canned, Japanese official plans to discuss U.S. on; Oct. p. 53, Nov. p. 66. United States rates on fishery products im- ported from Japan in 1962 with comparisons; Oct. p. 56. TARIFF COMMISSION, U.S. Fishery products and gear, changes in import tariff schedules proposed for; Apr. p. 82. Import Tariff Schedules, frozen fish blocks and other fishery products included in changes of; Sept. p. 105. sched- TAXES Fishermen employees for tax purposes, U. S, Dis- trict Court rules; July p. 107. Fishermen's estimated income tax; Mar. p. 91, Sept. p. 108, Nov. p. 88. Forms, new, required from U. S. stockholders in foreign firms; Mar. p. 92. TELEMETER British develop new trawl depth ; Sept. p. 95. Japan: oceanographic buoy; May p. 75. weather data systems, electronic _—s; May p. 75. TEMPERATURKE(S) Sea surface collected by airborne infrared radiometer; Feb. p. 44, TENNESSEE RIVER Mussel harvest from , Tennessee Valley Au- thority investigates declining; Oct. p. 27. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY Mussel harvest from Tennessee River, tigates declining; Oct. p. 27. inves- TERRITORIAL WATERS (also see FISHING LIMITS) Alaska: ; emergency regulations to prohibit aliens from fish- ing in ; Nov. p. 18. violation, alleged, of Bahamas announces jurisdiction over jacent shelf; Dec. p. 57. Canada, British Columbia, adopts resolution on and fisheries convention amendment; June p. 61. Chile, permits required for foreign vessels fishing within 200-mile zone of; Nov. p. 59. Colombia, foreign vessels fishing off coasts cause concern in; Apr. p. 46. Ecuador, Chile, and Peru may ban foreign vessels from ; Aug. p. 77. Ghana, extension of debated in; June p. 71. Icelandic fishing limits, British trawler fined for op- erating within; Jan. p. 92. Indonesia bars Malayan fishing vessels from 3 May p. 77. Ireland, Soviet vessel convicted of violation of 9 Apr. p. 54, Ivory Coast extends to 12 miles; May p. 68. Malagasy's extended to 12 miles; May p. 77. Portuguese fisheries affected by trend towards ex- pansion of ; Apr. p. 73. protested; Nov. p. 18, and ad- 1963 Index TERRITORIAL WATERS (cont.) South Africa Republic, legislation proposed to ex- tend of; Feb. p. 87. Spiny lobsters, arbitration proposed for French- Brazilian fishing dispute over; May p. 64. Tunisia, decree extends and fishing limits for; Jan. p. 119. Turkey proposes extension of ; Apr. p. 74. TEXAS Engineering projects as they affect fishery resources in estuaries; Feb. p. 36. Landings, fishery, 1961; Feb. p. 38. THAILAND Fisheries surveyed for potential investment by U.S. firm; Dec. p. 79. Fleets, fishing, almost completely motorized; Aug. . 108, Taduatrial promotion act of 1962 includes benefits for fishing industry; Mar. p. 83. Landings, fishery, increase; Dec. p. 79. Marine oil imports, 1961-62; June p. 92. THAWING Frozen fish drip, chemical solution that reduces; Feb, p. 25. THERMOCLINE Study of , Pacific coast purse seiners cooper- ate with scientists in; Nov. p. 46. THIAMINASE Method of determining developed; Dec. p. 37. activity of whole fish TOGO Fisheries trenas, 1962; July p. 93. Fishing industry, FAO expert describes project to improve; Jan. p. i118, TRADE United States-Japan;Joint Committee on and Economic Relations meeting; Jan, p. 78, Feb. p. 60. TRADE AGREEMENTS Icelandic with Hungary includes fishery prod- ucts; May p. 67. Icelandic -Soviet affects Icelandic fishery ex- ports, new protocol to; Apr. p. 54. Morocco includes fishery products in » 63. Negotiations; U. S. public hearings set on items to be considered for; Dec. p. 89. ; Apr. TRADE AGREEMENTS AND ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM White House appoints Special Representative to im- plement ; June p. 98, TRADE EXPANSION ACT European Free Trade Association discusses U. S. ; Feb. p. 58. GATT and the ; Jan. p. 68. Office of Special Representative established to im- plement ; June p. 98. Tariff Commission, U.S., revises rules of practice and procedure; Jan, p. 122. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 59 TRADE FAIR(S) American-made products, world hibit; Dec, p. 44, World fishing exhibition in London, England, May 27- 31, 1963; Mar. p. 44, Aug. p. 77. ship to ex- TRAINING Fishermen's course proposed in Ketchikan, Alaska; Nov. p. 18. TRANSPORTATION Air cargo shipments, C.A.B. studies need for uniform bill of lading for; Mar. p. 86. Alaska rail-barge Saxman to Prince Rupert in oper- ation; Mar, p. 32, July p. 29. Bulk commodity minimum rate regulations, fisheries and farm organizations support renewal of; May p.44, Canada proposes refrigeration standards for carriers of fishery products; Mar, p. 57. Frozen foods container, new large, developed for of; May p. 28, I.C.C, ruling on cooked vegetables, Federal Court en- joins enforcement of; Feb. p. 94. Lobster crates and large boxes for shipment and re- shipment of fish, duty-free treatment of certain; Dec. p. 89. Motor carrier rates for fish and shellfish, hearings scheduled on; May p. 91. Rail-barge, new, between Southeastern Alaska and British Columbia in service; Sept. p. 46. Rail shipment, direct, of frozen fish from south- eastern Alaska to other states; Oct. p. 33. Railroads, Eastern, seek increased ice and salt charges; Apr. p. 27. Truck detention charges on a trial basis in Middle Atlantic and New England territories approved; Mar. p. 90. TRAWL(S) Beam, shrimp, and otter lationships for; Dec. p. 7. Danish vessels using boom ; Jan, p. 85, Electronic measuring and telemetering system tested and evaluated (M/V ''Delaware'' cruises 63-2 and 63-3); June p. 37, Midwater for sampling pelagic fish, evaluation of; Nov. p. 21, Otter, beam, and shrimp lationships for; Dec. p. 7. Pelagic 3 development of "John N, Cobb" type, a progress re- port on; July p. 17. salmon catching efficiency to be evaluated of (M/V "John N. Cobb"); Sept. p. 39. Shrimp doors, V-design, tested; July p. 40. Shrimp, otter, and beam , scope ratio-depth re- lationships for; Dec. p. 7. » scope ratio-depth re- » scope ratio-depth re- TRAWLER(S) (also see VESSELS) Boston fleet, new large steel added to; Feb. p.54, Diesel-electric stern built for Israeli-Swiss in- terests; Apr. p. 55. Freezer , new, Icelandic, lands in England; Aug. p. 90. French new side catch; Dec, p. 62. German Federal Republic: distant-water , subsidy fails to fill gap between profit and loss; July p. 75. equipped to freeze part of 60 TRAWLER(S) (cont.). German Federal Republic (cont. ); stern-trawler factoryships, financial data on; Jan, p. 90. Japan: fleet and construction; Jan, p. 102. Overseas Association formed; May p. 75. stern 8 company to construct one for Atlantic operation; Nov. p. 69. Newfoundland, one leaves for fishing grounds off; Dec. p. 69. large one being built; Mar. p. 78. training ship, new; Apr. p. 62. West African area, one leaves for; Aug, p. 96. U. S. shipyard to construct four ; Oct. p. 58. Norway: stern 8 factory _— launched, new; Apr. p. 66. newest plans short trips; July p. 89. "pocket"' factory type, new; Nov. p. 76. Rumania to purchase Japanese ; Jan, p. 113, Soviets test new method for operating large freezer ; Nov. p. 85. Steel for New England fishery being built under Federal Vessel Mortgage Insurance Program; Jan, p. 60. Steel "Sturgeon Bay,' June p. 47, Stern -purse seiner ''Narragansett,'' automated, launched; Mar, p. 34. Stern , U. S. launches first; Mar. p. 34, United Kingdom: boulder, large glacial, landed by ; May p. 89. conventional , large fishing firm accepts one of last; Oct. p. 68. Poland receives orders for new stern g automated type, some agreement reached on share system for; Nov. p. 81. designed for use in tropics; July p. 96. small-types have many new features; Aug. p. 110. added to Boston fleet; ; Nov. p. 81. TRAWL FISHERY Japan: distant-water licensing policies for ; Jan. p. 100. designated; Apr. p. 59. regulations for , revision proposed of; Aug. p. 95. India firm proposes venture with Japanese; Jan, p. 93. United Kingdom training courses aid young men to enter ; Nov. p. 81. TRAWLING California seeks grounds for in offshore and coastal waters; May p. 23, July p. 34. Chafing gear problems discussed; Aug. p. 76. Colombia bans bottom- in coastal waters; Feb. p. 67. Depth telemeter, new, developed by British; Sept. p. 95. Electronic trawl-net measuring and instrumentation studies continued by M/V "Delaware"; Nov. p. 37. Great Lakes: Lake Michigan: explorations, results of; Sept. p. 25, Nov. p. 32. study of for 1962 completed by M/V "Kaho"; Feb, p. 27. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1963 Index TRAWLING Great Lakes: Lake Michigan: survey in southern part of (Aug.-Nov. 1960); “Feb. p. 1. Lake Erie investigation continued; Aug. p. 23. Midwater for shrimp in Japan shows promise; Apr. p. 62. North and South Carolina, exploratory ued for commercial species off; Apr. p. 25. Northwest Atlantic, plan for Japanese project delayed in; July p. 83. "Off-bottom" investigated in North Pacific ("John N, Cobb™ cruise 59); Aug. p. 42. Shrimp gear studies; July p. 39. contin- TREASURY, DEPARTMENT OF THE Coast Guard: motorboat numbers, renewal of; Feb. p. 94. oceanographic effort expanded; Dec. p. 88. oceanography instrumentation, additional, to be added to vessels; Mar, p. 28, Customs, Bureau of: groundfish fillet import tariff-rate quota for 1963; Apr. p. 82. lobster crates and certain large boxes for ship- ment and reshipment of fish, duty-free treatment of; Dec. p. 89. seine skiffs carried on tuna purse seiners need not be licensed; Mar. p. 35, tuna, canned in brine, under quota proviso for 1963, U. S. imports of; May p. 47. Cuttlefish, dried, certificates for importation from Taiwan available; Apr. p. 82. Fishermen's employment status, court rulings differ On Oca pe wile Fishermen's estimated income tax; Mar. p. 91. Internal Revenue Service: fishermen's estimated income tax; Sept. p. 108, Nov. p. 88. fish farmers, deduction for soil and water conserva- tion extended to; July p. 106. forms, new, required from U. S. stockholders in foreign firms; Mar, p. 92. Tariff schedules postponed, effective date of new; Jan, p. 122, TROLLING Tackle for for; Jan. p. 3%. , new hand winch attachment patented TROPICAL ATLANTIC Laboratory, new, for oceanographic-fisheries studies planned; Nov. p. 41. TROUT California, planted by air in; May p. 18. Lake: Lake Superior, planting in; Aug. p. 69. Lake Superior studies, public hearing held on re- sults of; June p. 25. Pond , Denmark predicts lower production due to severe winter; Aug. p. 86. Rainbow Scandinavian, recipe for; Sept. p. 139. Steelhead , Summer escapement above Bonneville Dam near record in 1962; Jan. p. 45. 1963 Index COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 61 TRUCK TUNA Detention charges on trial basis approved for Middle Bluefin: Atlantic and New England; Mar. p. 90. Australia: Exempt use affected by Federal Court ruling on cooked vegetables; Feb. p. 94. TUNA Albacore: abundance and distribution of and other pelagic species, study of; Aug. p. 42, Sept. p. 38. California, migration studies and tagging in; Sept. p. 20. forecast of catch for southern and Baja California; July p. 54, frozen: Japan: export price high in Mar. 1963; May p. 69. exports of; Sept. p. 69. shipments, buyers request postponement of; Jan. p. 95. Japan: American Samoa, vessels report lower catch ratio at; July p. 79. fishery trends, May 1963; Aug. p. 94. market trends, May 1963; July p. 79. prices in fall 1962 remained firm; Feb. p. 73. South Pacific fishing poor; Sept. p. 70. summer fishery; Aug. p. 93. winter fishery, first landing from; Feb. p. 73. migration pattern shifts in eastern Pacific due to warmer water; Jan. p. 55. Pacific Coast, review of the 1962 seasonal move- ment off; Apr. p. 7. ' seasonal distribution of young determined by study of predators' stomachs; Sept. p. 23. spawning grounds exploration continued by M/V “Charles H. Gilbert'’; Dec. p. 25. young, study of predators' stomachs yields clues to distribution of; Mar, p. 22. American Samoa: cannery, second, completion date delayed for; Aug. p. 18. Korean vessels, more, fish out of; Dec, p. 16. Atlantic: oceanographic- studies; Sept. p. 46. stocks survey by M/V "Delaware"; Aug. p. 36. survey of resources off coast under way; June p.38. tagging study recommended, large-scale; Feb. p.52. Australia: deep-water fishery, studies development of; Aug. p. 80. fishery trends in South Australia; Nov. p. 56. fishery trends, January 1963; May p. 59. freezing and canning venture planned, another; Apr. p. 39. Japanese methods, team to study; Oct. p. 44. landings, 1963, in South Australia not up to expecta- tions; Dec. p. 57. tagging, research aided by; Apr. p. 39. Western Australia, survey; Mar. p. 45. Big-eyed: Japan: : Czechoslovakia, prices are lower in; Dec. p. 66. Atlantic Ocean catch higher in September 1963; p. 65. Bluefin: Atlantic migration in 50 days, p. 52. makes; Feb. survey off western area resumed; Sept. p. 58. forecast of catch for southern and Baja California area; July p. 54. migratory habits in the Atlantic Ocean, some re- sults of tagging studies on; Feb. p. 51. tagged in North Atlantic off Cape Cod, recaptured near Rhode Island coast; Oct. p. 35. tagged off Cape Cod, recaptured near Maryland coast; Aug. p. 53. reeeed off Mexico, recovered south of Japan; Aug. p. 53. tagging program off California resumed by chartered vessel Elsinore"; Oct. p. 34, Brine-freezing: Tepeneee vessel to be equipped with brine tank; Feb. p. 75. Canned: Australia, import duties increased in; Dec. p. 54. Italian promotion, Japanese plan to support; Sept. poeta. Japan: export regulations for 1963; Jan, p. 94. industry representatives tour U. S.; Jan. j}5 Oe prices; Mar. p. 68. promotion in U. S., association contributes to; Sept. p. 72. promotion, packers plan to contribute to; Sept. p.72. specialty packs, exports, 1962; May p. 68. U. S. import quotas, study requested of; Dec. p. 66. U.S, tariff, Japanese Minister to discuss; Oct. p. 53, Nov. p. 66. standards revision, petition requests; Dec. p. 85. U. S. pack, 1961-62; Feb, p. 52. Canned in brine: Japan: exports to U. S. by regional destination, 1958-1962; June p. 75. exports to U. S. increased; Jan. p. 97. export trends, 1962; Sept. p. 71. price increased for May-June exports; July p. 79. prices for export revised; May p. 69. price unchanged for June-July exports to U. S.; Aug. p. 91. U. S. sales; Aug. p. 91, Sept. p. 71, Nov. p. 65. U. S. sales increased; Sept. p. 70. Malaya, exports to U. S. from; Feb. p. 80. U. S. imports under quota; Jan, p. 57, Feb, p. 55. Mar. p. 37, May p. 47, Aug. p. 58, Sept. p. 52, Nov. p. 50, Dec. p. 43, Canned in oil: Japan: export market dull as of mid-June; Sept. p. 71. exports; Jan. p. 97, Nov. p. 65. exports, fiscal year 1962; June p. 74. exports, 1962; May p. 68, exports to Canada approved; Nov. p. 65. Cannery in Somali Republic, U.S.S.R. aids in building; Dec. p. 78. Canning: Puerto Rico: wage rates, minimum, for cannery workers announced; May p. 91. wage rates, minimum, for cannery workers re- vised; Aug. p. 117. Caribbean and off West Africa, Faroese plan fishery in; Apr. p. 50. 62 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1963 Index TUNA (cont.) TUNA Caroline Islands, U. S. firm to establish fishing and freezing project in; Aug. p. 85. Frozen: France: import licenses may not be issued in 1963; June p: 69. imports of Japanese ; Feb. p. 67. Indonesia's first exports to U.S.; Mar. p. 68. Italy: import quota; Feb. p. 72, Sept. p. 68. quota on duty-free imports increased; May p. 67. Japan: Atlantic caught export targets revised; July p. 80. Atlantic-caught prices, mid-June 1963; Aug. p.92. export market improves; Oct. p. 53. export prices; Sept. p. 70. export quotas for fiscal year 1963; Apr. p. 56. export quotas for 1963; Jan. p. 95. exports, calendar years 1961 and 1962; Apr. p.55. exports for fiscal year 1963 allocated; May p. 70. exports for fiscal year 1962; Sept. p. 69. exports of Atlantic-caught to Italy increased; July p. 80. exports to Italy; Jan. p. 96. exports to Spain and Portugal; Jan. p. 96. exports to U. S5.; Jan. p. 94, Aug. p. 92. exports to U.S. lower in Jan.-May 1963; Aug. p. 92. exports to U. S., market dull in Sept. for; Dec. p. 65. exports to U.S., price restrictions abolished on; Mar. p. 69. exports to U. S. sluggish in late Apr. 1963; June p. 76. export trends, early Nov. 1962; Jan. p. 95. green meat problem continues; Nov. p. 66. Italian exporters report sale of U. S.-caught to; Aug. p. 93. Italian market for Atlantic-caught Aug. p. 93. market forecast for Europe, 1963; Feb. p. 74. prices ex-vessel increased; May p. 70. prices for Atlantic fish; Mar. p. 68. prices lower for Atlantic-caught; May p. 70. transshipments to Spain authorized; Aug. p. 93, U. S. canners conclude sales agreements; Aug. firm; p. 92. Taiwan's exports, 1962; Jan. p. 117. Ghana: foreign-owned base, fisheries bill stirs debate on; Feb. p. 70. purse-seine vessels, new, American fishermen train crews on; Jan. p. 91. Hawaiian landings in May 1963 sharply lower; Aug. p. 30. Import transshipments of caught by U. S.-flag vessels, 1960-61 and Jan.-Apr. 1962; Jan. p. 58. Italian packers association seeks aid from Japanese producers; Dec. p. 64. Ivory Coast fishing developing rapidly; Feb. p. 72. Japan: Africa West Coast, vessels use hook and line to fish off; Jan. p. 98. American Samoa: landings by Japanese vessels; Jan. p. 97. landings quota increased for; May p. 70. Atlantic Ocean fishery: bases, new, under consideration; Apr. p. 56. Japan: Atlantic Ocean fishery: fishing conditions; Mar, p. 68. trends, Apr. 1963; July p. 79. vessel operations, early Nov. 1962; Jan. p. 98. weer of near ocean flotsam studied; June p. 77. Canary Islands landings quota considered; May p.71. canned production and export regulations for FY 1963; May p. 68. canners, small, combine to overcome supply prob- lem; Aug. p. 94. catch, 1957-1961 and Jan.-Sept. 1962; Jan. p. 103. cooperative, central, establishment proposed of; Jan, p. 99. Danish traders request offers of ; Dec. p. 65. East Africa, new transshipment port proposed in; Nov. p. 66. Eastern Pacific: fishing forecast for; Mar. p. 74. mothership operating in; Sept. p. 70. economic study of fishery; Sept. p. 72. export quotas for overseas bases, FY 1963 and 1964; June p. 76. Fiji Islands: cold-storage plant, construction approved of Jap- anese; Oct. p. 49. fishing base; May p. 72, June p. 76. fisheries and licensing policies designated; Apr. p. 59. fishermen request permission to enter ery; Dec. p. 65. fishermen sign new wage contract; Sept. p.73. fishery trends, Apr.-May 1963; July p. 80. Indian Ocean: fishing reported poor; Jan. p. 99. transshipment port restrictions removed; Feb. p. 74. Mexican coast, mothership to fish off; June p. 77. Mexico, two motherships leave for fishing grounds off; Aug. p. 94, migrations, University to study relation between sea birds and; Oct. p. 54. mothership, new portable-vessel-carrying, com- pleted; Oct. p. 54, motherships, portable-boat-carrying, order ex- tended to convert; Dec. p. 66. motherships with portable catcher vessels form association, operators of; June p. 77. motherships with portable catcher vessels, licensing under study of; July p. 85. New Caledonia, fishing base at; May p. 72, Dec. p.67. North Atlantic trawling, mothership to be con- verted for; June p. 77, overseas-based vessels seek to add freezing equip- ment; Dec. p. 66. overseas operations, large increase expected in; Oct. p. 54. packer's views on problems; Mar. p. 72. prices, ex-vessel; Feb, p. 73. prices, ex-vessel, at Tokyo; Jan. p. 96, Feb. p. 73. prices in early Apr. 1963; June p. 75. producers and sales association consider canning in U. 5.; July p. 81. research council for meets; Jan. p. 99. seiner, second, equipped with power block; June Demis fish- 1963 Index COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 63 TUNA (cont.) TUNA Japan (cont.): Recipes, easy does it with ; Aug. p, 143. South American west coast: Regulations for Eastern Pacific, report on hearing on; mothership operations off; Nov. p. 67. Jan, p. 55. resources surveyed off; Nov. p. 67. Schooling behavior study; July p. 56. South Pacific: Seine skiffs carried on purse seiners need not be catch poor as of early Sept. 1963; Nov. p. 67, licensed; Mar. p. 35, firm's mothership fleet departs for; Jan, p. 98. Senegal: Japanese-French bases approved by France; Mar. p. 64. larger vessels requested for fishery in; Nov. p. 66. mothership landings, 1950-60; Feb, p. 75. Soviets contract to purchase five factory- ships; July p. 86. statistics of catch, description of; Mar, p. 69. Tahiti, firm exploring prospects of base at; Oct. p. 67. training program for fishermen planned; Dec. p.67. transshipment targets of Atlantic-caught ; Apr.-June 1963; May p. 70. Taek vessel construction; Jan. p. 102, Feb. p. 74. vessel to be equipped with brine tank; Feb. p. 75. vessels, exports of; Jan. p. 100. vessel owners cooperative set up at Malaysia base; Nov. p. 67. Juveniles, progress made in identification of; Jan, p. 25. Landings, U. S., Jan.-July 20, 1963; Sept. p. 48. Larvae, progress made in the identification of; Jan. p. 25. Live collected for studies ashore; Feb. p. 22, Long-line gear effectiveness in catching tested by M/V "Charles H, Gilbert'' cruise 67 (Boundary II); Oct. p. 18. Malayan-Japanese processing firm: financial aid received by; Feb. p. 80, July p. 87. operations at Penang to be expanded; May p. 77, Sept. p. 86. Market promotion for Aug. p. 54, New Caledonia floating cold-storage, freezership to serve as; Sept. p. 87. New England purse-seine fishery takes leap forward in 1962; June p. 43. New Hebrides base at Palekula, development of, 1958-1963; Apr. p. 64. Okinawa: vessels from Japan, licenses granted to import; June p. 85. vessels, Japanese, import licenses eagerly sought for; Mar. p. 79. Pacific: thermocline study, purse seiners cooperate with scientists in; Nov. p. 46. vessel, research, ‘David Starr Jordan," new, will be for investigations; Aug. p. 56. Peru: canning factoryship purchased from U. 5S. firm; June p. 88, Aug. p. 104, seizureof U.S. vessels by Ecuador, reaction on; Aug. p. 104. Puerto Rico: cannery, new, activated in Apr, 1963; July p. 51. cannery operations reviewed by Japanese; May . 69, Baines workers not included in wage order pro- gram; Feb. p. 94, , industry-Government; industry trends, Dec. 1962; Apr. p. 74. landed for freezing by foreign vessels, 1962; May p. 85. Skipjack: distribution studied of open sea; Oct. p. 18. feeding behavior studies by M/V "Charles H, Gil- bert"; Feb. p. 22. Hawaii: abundance of summer tuna, factors affecting; Dec. p. 24. feeding studies; July p. 36. landings; June p. 33, Sept. p. 30, Oct. p. 24, Nov. p. 35, Dec. p. 33. landings decline in 1962; June p. 33. seasonal availability may be predicted from studies of oceanographic climate; Feb. p. 23. season for , good one forecast for 1963; May p. 45. Japan: hook-and-line fishery trends; Jan. p. 98. purse seine, modified U. S., successful in fishery; Nov. p. 72. vessels engaged in fishery, 1961-62; May p. 72. predictions on abundance in Hawaiian waters; June p. 22. respond to underwater sounds; May p. 24. scouting for east of Hawaii by research ves- sel; Feb. p. 23. __ sought east of Hawaii (M/V ''Charles H. Gilbert" cruise 63--Boundary I); May p. 25. South Africa Republic: efforts to develop fishery for ; Jan, p. 114, investigations off west coast; Sept. p. 90. Japanese vessel unloads at east coast port; and other large fish of Oct. p. 64. vessel, another, converted for fishery; Nov. p. 79. South Pacific: Japanese-French South-West Africa: fishing for planned; Oct. p. 67. vessels, eight, to fish for ; Jan, p. 116. Specialty packs, Japanese exports of; Jan, p. 97, June p. 74. Tahiti base plan; Jan, p. 117. Taiwan fishing fleet development, third quarter 1962; Jan. p. 117. U.S.S.R.: Indian Ocean, research in; July p. 94. Pacific Ocean research to develop planned; Mar. p. 84. Spain, fleet fishing off; Sept. p. 98. Venezuela-Japanese, joint, processing and freezing venture planned; July p. 96, Nov. p. 82, Vessels report weather conditions by radio while on fishing trips; Mar, p. 35, Visual perception of skipjack compared; Nov. p. 27. World catch of , bonito, and mackerel was up in 1961; Jan. p. 77. base planned; Mar. p. 73. fishery and little tunny 64 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW TUNA (cont.) Yellowfin: Aden exploratory fishing demonstrates availibility of ; May p. 56. Australia's New South Wales, long-lining used to catch off; Oct. p. 45. conservation in Eastern Pacific, inter-governmental conference on; Jan, p. 64, Eastern Pacific, lower quota proposed for caught in; June p. 55. Japan: Eastern Pacific, research vessel to study in; Nov. p. 66. Zanzibar's tuna fishing potential investigated; Feb. p. 90. TUNISIA Tuna, frozen, market forecast, 1963; Feb. p. 74. Territorial waters and fishing limits extended; Jan. p. U9: TURKEY Territorial waters and fishing limits extension pro- posed; Apr. p. 74, TURTLES, MARINE Tags fabricated by West Coast firm for ; Jan. p. 54. TWINES Natural and synthetic analyzed by Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Commission; Aug. p. 76. UGANDA Fresh-water fish production, 1961-62; Aug. p. 109. ULTRA VIOLET RADIATION Refrigerated sea water, teria in; May p. 39. UNDERUTILIZED FISH Animal feeds from fresh-water on production of; Oct. p. 24. UNDERWATER SOUND Tuna, skipjack, respond to ey ; May p. 24, UNESCO International Cooperative Investigations of the Trop- ical Atlantic (ICITA) meets; Aug. p. 78. Taxonomic expert, marine, appointed for Southeast Asia area; Jan. p. 75. UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS(U.S.S. R. ) Atlantic andGulf Coasts, fishing activities off, Mar. Apr. 1963; June p. 92. Bering Sea, fishing in; July p. 30, Aug. p. 14, Sept. p. 11, Oct. p. 14, Nov. p. 18, Dec. pp. 11, 84. California coast, Soviet trawler off; Aug. p. 112. Crab factoryship, new; Mar. p. 84. Crab, king: Bering Sea mothership fishing fleets, 1963; June p. 92. Gulf of Alaska fishery in 1963 predicted; June p. 20. Gulf of Alaska, fleet leaves; Sept. p. 92. Kodiak, Alaska, Soviet trawlers interfere with U.S. fishermen on fishing grounds off; Dec. p. 11. Kodiak, Alaska, U.S. protests Soviet trawling off; Dec. p. 12. Okhotsk Sea, study of resources in; Sept. p. 99. Cuba: Fisheries Center under construction with Soviet aid; Nov. p. 84. used to reduce bac- » Studies begun 1963 Index UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST, REPUBLICS (U.S.S.R.) Cuba: fishery trainees sent to ; June p. 68, frozen fish delivered by ; Dec. p. 84. Soviet-Cuba scientific agreement; Aug. p. 112. Denmark: Baltic fishermen report Soviet interference; Apr. p. 49, Aug. p. 85. sale of fishery products to p. 66. Soviet Fishery Minister to visit; Oct. p. 48. Soviet fleet fishing off North Sea coast of; May p.63. England, southwest, trawler fleet damages fishermen's gear off; Mar. p. 85. Exports of fishery products, 1960-61; Apr. p. 75. Factoryship, new, completes sea trials; Apr. p. 76. Factoryships, eight, ordered from West German shipyard; Oct. p. 67. Far Eastern fishery catch, Jan.-Mar.1963; July p. 94, Fishermen's economic status; Aug. p. 109. Fishery research cooperation by , Poland, and German Democratic Republic; Oct. p. 43. Fishery research emphasizes development of fish- ing in Pacific Ocean; Mar. p. 84, Fishery research placed under the control of new State Committee; Mar. p. 84. Fishery trends; Apr. p. 74, July p. 93. Fleet, fishing, operations in waters off U. S. coast, 1962; Mar. p. 83. Fleet, fishing, is world's largest, Soviet official claims; Apr. p. 76. Flounder stocks in Southeastern Bering Sea surveyed; June p. 92. Frozen fish delivered to Cuba by Georges Bank, Ghanaians go to p. 98. Ghana orders another fishing vessel from 5 May p. 64. Gulf of Alaska, fishing in; July p. 30, Aug. p. 14, Sept. p. 11, Oct. p. 14, Nov. p. 18, Dec. pp. 11, 84. Gulf of Mexico area, fishing activities in; Apr. p. 75. Herring: Japanese Federation requests permit to import from ; Dec. p. 67. Japan increases imports of Soviet-produced fish; June p. 81. icelandic fishery exports, new protocol to Icelandic- Soviet trade agreement affects; Apr. p. 54. Icelandic frozen fish fillets, contracts to buy; June p. 72. Iceland's bilateral trade with Soviet Bloc countries; Oct. p. 51, Imports of fishery products, 1960-61; Apr. p. 75. Indian Ocean, new fishing grounds discovered in; Nov. p. 84, Invertebrates and algae, research expedition in Pacific to study; Mar. p. 84. Iranian-Soviet agreement for the establishment of fish hatcheries in the Caspian Sea may be signed; June p. 73, Japanese-Soviet fishery meeting in Tokyo; Apr. p. 37, May p. 53, Landings of fishery products; Feb, p. 88, Apr. p. 75, Sept. p. 99. "T.omonosov Deep Equatorial Countercurrent" dis- covered in Atlantic Ocean; Nov. p. 41. New Zealand fisheries resources, of; Aug. p. 99. discussed; Sept. ; Dec. p. 84. fishing on; Aug. pp. 76, 112. for fisheries training; Sept. plans survey 1963 Index COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 65 UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS (U.S.S.R.) UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS (U.S.S.R.) (cont.) Northeastern Pacific and Bering Sea fishing; Sept. p. 97, Nov. p. 84, Dec. p. 84. North Pacific and Bering Sea, new floating cannery active in; Dec. p. 84. North Pacific and Bering Sea, Apr. 1963; July p. 93, Aug. p. 112. North Pacific fishing vessels report good catches; Dec. p. 84. Northwest Atlantic, fisheries trends in; July p. 94, Nov. p. 84, Dec. p. 80. Odessa, new fishing industry facilities at; Apr. p. 74. Pacific: exploratory ocean fishing in depths of 300 to 1,000 meters, plans; Mar. p. 84. northeast area, fishing activities in, Mar, 1963; June p. 20. Red Sea, fishing in; Sept. p. 98. Salmon: Japan and reach agreement on Northwest Pacific catch quotas; June p. 58. Japan's high-seas fishing, Soviets propose prohi- bition of; Dec. p. 68. New Zealand increases imports from p. 75. Saury: canning plant established in Kuril Islands; Aug. p. 110. factoryships canning in North Pacific; Sept. p. 99. fishery, plans research in Pacific to develop; Mar. p. 84. fishing vessels testing fluorescent lights; Nov. p.84. Seas of the , twelve; Oct. p. 69. Seaweed harvesting by Japanese off Soviet Island, agreement permits; Aug. p. 96. South-West Africa: fishing fleet in, ; Nov. coast, fleet resumes fishing off; Aug. p. 107. pilchard grounds, inshore, fished by trawlers; Sept. p. 91. Soviet trawlers from Cuban bases reprovision at Veracruz; May p. 77. Soviet vessels leave crab grounds when U. S. Patrols arrive; Dec. p. 11. Submarine, fishery research by; Sept. p. 99. Sudan receives fisheries aid from ; Sept. p. 98. Trawler off Vancouver Island coast (correction); Sept. p. 99. Trawlers: freezer vessel, large, new method tested for oper- ating; Nov. p. 85. French will build stern type for Tuna: cannery, p. 78. Japanese factoryships, five, to purchase; July p. 86. fishery, plans research in Pacific to develop; Mar. p. 84. Indian Ocean, research in; July p. 94. Spain, fleet fishing off; Sept. p. 98. Vessel, fishing, delivered to Ghana; May p. 64. Vessel, new, orders by uncertain; June p. 70. Vessels, fish-freezing, built in Denmark delivered to ; Feb. p. 88, Mar. p. 62, Sept. p. 92. Vessels, fishing, attached to the Cuban fleet enter Mexican port for supplies; Feb. p. 81. Vessels, fishing, for to be built by Japanese; Aug. p. 112. ; Aug. p. 112. aids Somali Republic to build; Dec. contracts, Vessels, fish processing and freezing, to be built in the Netherlands; Sept. p. 92. Vessels, fishing conditions on; Aug. p. 109. West Africa, fishing off; Sept. p. 98. Whales: North Pacific, factoryship fishing in; June p. 92. North Pacific, plans study of migration routes in; Mar. p. 84. Whaling season, Antarctic, fleet preparing for; Nov. p. 85. UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC Fishing industry, interest grows for; Oct. p. 67. Fishing industry status in 1962 and outlook for 1963; Dec. p. 80. Food processing plants, fishery products included in plan for; July p. 74. UNITED KINGDOM Aberdeen fishing industry threatened by proposed ex- tension of Faroese fishing limits; Apr. p. 77. Antibiotic ice experiments to preserve catch; Apr. p. 78. Antibiotic ice improves quality of fish landed; June p. 93. Boxing fish at sea improves quality; May p. 89, Buoy light developed, new type flashing marine; Sept. p. 95. Canadian market for fishery products in 62; Aug. p. 83. Cod minimum landing sizes increased; Apr. p. 76. Engineering unit, new, White Fish Authority sets up; Jan, p. 120. Faroese landings in , threat of ban on; Aug. p.87. Fish-drying process, new, developed; Aug. p. 112. Fisheries limit, 12-mile, fishermen from southwest England seek; Mar. p. 85. Fishery research, grants to aid post graduate train- ing in; May p. 89. Fish flour production arouses interest; Dec. p. 81. Fish freshness tester to undergo further tests; Oct. p. 50. Fish protein concentrate bread exhibited at nutrition- al conference; Nov. p. 80. Fish resources in tropical seas overrated; Dec. p. 82. Fish sticks accepted by consumers; Feb. p. 89. Haddock minimum landing sizes increased; Apr. p. 76. Imported fishery products value among world's highest; Apr. p. 79. International fishery agreements, intention announced to withdraw from certain; July p. 95. Loans and grants for fishing vessels as of June 30, 1963; Nov. p. 80. Loans, fishery, interest rates revised; Jan. p, 120, Feb. p. 89, Aug. p. 112. Oceanographic research vessel, new, leaves for Indian Ocean; July p. 96. Salmon, canned, imports, 1961-62; June p. 93. Silver Cod Trophy for 1962 won by trawler "Somerset Maugham"; Apr. p. 78. Sodium alginate import duty, U. S., for reduced; Jan, p. 121. Solomon Islands fisheries potential promising; Nov. p. 78. Trawl depth telemeter, new, developed, Sept. p. 95. Trawler lands large glacial boulder; May p. 89. Trawlers: , 1961- product Aberdeen vessels seek new fishing grounds in deep water; May p. 88. 66 UNITED KINGDOM (cont.) Trawlers (cont.): conventional type, large fishing firm accepts one of last; Oct. p. 68. freezer type, Icelandic, lands in England; Aug. p.90. stern, small-type, have many new features; Aug. p. 110. stern type, automated, some agreement reached on share system for crew of; Nov. p. 81. stern type, Ghana receives two British-built; Nov. p. 63. stern type, semiautomated, to fish in North Sea; Sept. p. 92. stern type, small, designed for use in tropics; July p. 96. vessel fined for operating within Icelandic fishing limits; Jan. p. 92. vessel, new, ordered from Poland; Nov. p. 81. Trawl fishery, training courses aid young men to enter; Nov. p. 81. Trawling group, distant-water, proposes restrictions on landings and imports; July p. 94, Trawls, new type and conventional, comparative tests made at sea with; Apr. p. 76. Whaling mothership purchase by Japanese from stirs controversy; Sept. p. 84. World fishing exhibition to be held in London, May 27- 31, 1963; Mar. p. 44. UNITED NATIONS Chilean Fisheries Development Institute to be es- tablished by Special Fund and the Govern- ment of Chile; Nov. p. 58. Conference on the Application of Science and Tech- nology for the Benefit of Less Developed Areas, fishery development plans proposed by U. S. scientists at; Apr. p. 37. UNITED STATES Canned fish production, 1962; June p. 45. Exports of fishery products, , 1961 trends in; Apr. p. 29. Fish sticks and portions production, Apr.-June 1963; Sept. p. 48. Industrial fishery products production, 1962; June p. 33. Japanese salmon fishermen's association to send mission to and Canada; June p. 82. Landings, commercial fishery, 1961; Mar. p. 33. North Pacific Fisheries Convention revision prob- lems not resolved; Aug. p. 71. Packaged fish production, 1962; June p. 46. Soviet fishing fleet operations in waters off coast, 1962; Mar. p. 83. Trade and Economic Committee meeting, joint U.S.- Japan; Jan. p. 78, Feb. p. 60. Vessels, fishing, study shows need for modernization of; July p. 57. URUGUAY Fisheries resources to be studied; Nov. p. 82. Imports and exports of fishery products, 1962; Dec. p. 83, U.S.S.R. (see UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS) VENEZUELA Japanese company to continue Nov. p. 71. joint enterprise; COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1963 Index VENEZUELA Exports of edible fishery products, 1961; Mar. p. 85, Foreign fishing vessels, base for; Apr. p. 79. Tuna: fishing base for Japanese vessels planned; July p.96. Japanese-Venezuelan, joint, processing and freezing venture planned; Nov. p. 82. VESSEL CONSTRUCTION SUBSIDY New England groundfish fishery, vessels being built with aid of for; June p. 47. VESSEL MORTGAGE INSURANCE PROGRAM Shrimp fishing vessels, two, financed under R Dec. p. 46. Trawler, steel, for New England fishery being built under ; Jan. p. 60. VESSEL(S), FISHING Canadian Government patrol Lake; Apr. p. 45. for Great Slave Canadian , refrigerated sea water used by; Mar. p. 57. Cape Town, South Africa Republic, boatyard builds thirty fishing 3 Jan, p. 115. Chile: demand for in; Mar. p. 61. foreign licenses, plans to tighten control over; Aug. p. 85. foreign fishing within 200-mile zone, permits required for; Nov. p. 59. Controllable pitch propeller, firm to build and sell; May p. 48. Denmark's steel cutters, seaworthiness questioned of; Jan, p. 87. Documentations issued and cancelled; Jan. p. 56, Mar. p. 36, Apr. p. 29, May p. 45, June p. 48, July p. 57, Aug. p. 54, Sept. p. 49, Oct. p. 35, Nov. p. 47. Financial aid, Federal, to the fishing industry of the United States; Sept. outside back cover. Fisheries loan fund and other financial aid for 5 Feb, p. 53, May p. 46, Aug. p. 55, Sept. p. 50, Nov. p. 48. Fish-freezing , twomore, for U.S.S.R. christened: in Danish shipyard; Feb. p. 88. German Federal Republic designed for 'lugger" fishery; Apr. p. 51. Ghana: ; another ordered from U.S.S.R.; May p. 64. tuna purse seine , new, American fishermen train crews on; Jan, p. 91. Japan: export of program to transfer coastal waters under study; Nov. p. 73. tanker to refuel at sea; Nov. p. 72. tuna construction, new; Mar. p. 74. Korea, Republic of: contracts for modern group; Apr. p. 63. fleet for fishing, size of, 1961-1954; Feb. p. 79. Massachusetts regulations pertaining to icing and evisceration of fish on amended; Dec. p. 36. Mechanized development discussed at IPFC Tenth Session; Jan. p. 66, Mortgage Insurance Program assists financing of construction; Sept. p. 50. Netherlands, air pump developed for unloading fish from in; Dec. p. 73. subject of study; July p. 85. to northern from Italian-French 1963 Index VESSEL(S), FISHING (cont.) Norwegian stern-trawler, new ''pocket"’ factory; Nov. p. 76. Plastic-glass , new large, built in South Africa Republic; Nov. p. 79. Poland's size of Research : "Atlantis II” for Woods Hole Oceanographic Insti- tution; May p. 36. Canada's new vessel for fisheries research off West Coast; Jan, p. 82. Coast and Geodetic Survey: "Oceanographer,' keel laid for; Aug. p. 43. "Peirce" and ''Whiting'' enter service; Aug. p. 43. second launched; Feb. p. 45. survey , keel laid for new; Sept. p. 40. Commercial Fisheries, Bureau of: activation of ''George B. Kelez''; Aug. p. 6. "Albatross IV," new fishery-oceanographic ; Jan, p. 56. "David Starr Jordan" for Pacific Ocean investi- gations; Aug. p. 56. fishery-oceanographic, new, visits Nation's Capital; Sept. p. 50. North Atlantic fisheries investigations, new one commissioned for; June p. 48. Pacific Ocean, contract let for one in; Mar. p. 34. "Gosnold" for Woods Hole Oceanographic Institu- tion; May p. 36. Japanese plan new one for FY 1964; Aug. p. 95. oceanographic type commissioned for University of Miami; Aug. p. 43. oceanographic grant awarded to Johns Hopkins Uni- versity; Oct. p. 30. submarine feasibility study proposed; May p. 35. submarine, Fish and Wildlife Service's first; Apr. p. 23. submarine for Woods Hole Oceanographic Institu- tion; May p. 36. United Kingdom's oceanographic type leaves for Indian Ocean; July p. 96. U. S. Navy, oceanographic type acquired by; Sept. p. 39. Seine skiffs carried on tuna purse seiners need not be licensed; Mar. p. 35. Shrimp averaged close to 52 feet in length in 1961; Aug. Sols Stern trawler-purse seiner ''Narragansett,'' auto- mated, launched; Mar, p. 34. Training , electrically powered, Japanese per- formance report on; Sept. p. 83. Trawlers: conventional type, large fishing firm in United King- dom accepts one of last; Oct. p. 68. stern type, semiautomated, to fish in North Sea for British firm; Sept. p. 92. steel , large, added to Boston fishing fleet; Feb, p. 54, June p. 47. Tuna fishing trips, weather conditions reported by radio while on; Mar. p. 35. Unloading salmon from Sept. p. 60. United States: bottom urged to comply with International Regulations; June p. 47. oldest , converted yacht now; Aug. p. 57. study shows need for modernization; July p. 57. Venezuela possible base for foreign fleet, 1961; Feb. p. 87. , new method tested for; COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW ; Apr. p.79. 67 VETERANS ADMINISTRATION Canned fish requirements from new packs; Mar. p.22. VIET-NAM Landings of fishery products slightly higher in 1963; July p. 96. Mechanization of fishing fleet; Nov. p. 83. VIRGINIA Crab, blue, Chesapeake Bay catch for 1962/63 winter, prediction low for; Feb. p. 24. Fish parasites, biologist to collect from Indian Ocean; Apr. p. 30. Indian Ocean expedition, ticipates in; Apr. p. 30. Landings, fishery; Jan, p. 26, July p. 60. Oysters: disease MSX declines in ; Nov. p. 42. James River spatfall fails again in 1963; Nov. p. 43. production cut down by MSX; Jan. p. 45. Radioactive waste studies to be continued; Apr. p.30. Swellfish, length-weight relationship and stomach con- tents of; Sept. p. 5. fishing biologist par- VIRGINIA INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE Computer, electronic, speeds research at p. 49. Ocean currents, influence of weather on; Dec. p. 39. ; May WAGE(S) Handicapped workers to be changed; Mar. p. 91. Minimum changes affect fish cannery workers and on-shore workers; Sept. p. 104. Overtime exemption under Fair Labor Standards Act, U. S. District Court grants breaded seafood proces- sor; Sept. p. 110. Puerto Rico tuna cannery workers' minimum rates revised; Aug. p. 117. Puerto Rico tuna cannery workers not included in order program of Island's industries; Feb. p. 94. rates in seafood plants WASHINGTON Crab fishermen's association of ruled guilty of unfair competition and restraint of trade by Fed- eral Trade Commission; July p. 98. Laboratory at Seattle, contract awarded for new U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries; Aug. p. 22. Landings, fishery, 1961; Jan, p. 61. Sablefish tagged in recovered by Japanese ves- sels in Bering Sea; Mar. p. 31. Salmon: fish-farm program proves expensive; Jan, p. 61. hatchery evaluation project in Northwest, "first re- turns'’ reported on huge; Sept. p. 45. Puget Sound fishery, scientists recommend sharp reduction in vessels used in; May p. 49. sports fishermen catches good in 1962; June p. 52. WATCH Divers, for; Feb. p. 88. WATER POLLUTION ; British Columbia (Canada) fisheries association holds seminar on ; July p. 69. WATERMILFOIL Eurasian control achieved; May p. 11. 68 WEST AFRICA Japanese stern trawler leaves for area; Aug. p. 96. Regional Fisheries Commission for first ses- sion held in Tunis; Jan, p. 68. Soviet fishing off ; Sept. p. 98. Tuna: Faroese plan fishery in ; Apr. p. 50. Japanese vessels use hook and line to fish off coast; Jan. p. 98. WEST EUROPEAN FISHERIES CONFERENCE Meeting scheduled for Oct. 1963; Oct. p. 39. WESTMAN ISLANDS Icelandic herring processing facility planned for ; July p. 77. WHALE MEAT Sausages made from in Latvia; June p. 83. WHALE(S) Speed of ; Aug. p. 142. Sperm resource, Australia allocated funds for survey of; Mar. p. 45. Strand on beaches, scientists explain why B Aug. p. 61. U.S.S.R.: migration routes of North Pacific planned of; Mar. p. 84. North Pacific, factoryship fishing in; June p. 92. , study WHALE OIL Australia's supply and distribution, fiscal years 1959/60-1962/63; Aug. p. 80. Canada's whaling industry rebirth in Nova Scotia stimulates research on ; Feb. p. 66. Chile: exports of , 1961-62; June p. 68. production, 1961-62; June p. 68. German Federal Republic's imports, 1960-62; Apr. p. 90. Japan: joint sales group considered for marketing ; June p. 82. sperm production for 1962/63 season re- ported sold; Jan. p. 105. Norway: Antarctic production; Apr. p. 66, May p. 80. Antarctic production, 1962/63, sold in advance; June p. 85. production, supply, and disposition, 1961-63; July p. 89, Portugal's production and exports, 1959-1961; May p. 84, World production, estimated, 1955-63; Mar, p. 43. WHALING Antarctic: Australia's station at Carnarvon closes; Nov. p. 56. catch, 1962/63 season; Aug. p. 78. Netherlands results, 1962/63 season; June p. 83. Norwegian results at mid-season poor; Apr. p. 66. Brazil's, Northeast, catch, 1960-62; Jan, p. 79. Canada: British Columbia company hopes for better season in 1963; Aug. p. 84. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 1963 Index WHALING Canada: British Columbia industry revival aids biologists; Mar. p. 61. Nova Scotia industry rebirth stimulates research on whale oils; Feb. p. 66. International Whaling Commission, fifteenth meeting of; Aug. p. 78. Japan: Antarctic fleets attain one-third of quota by Jan, 26; Apr. p. 62, catch by area and species, 1961-62; Sept. p. 82. establishment of enterprise in Ecuador studied; Oct. p. 49. fisheries and licensing policies designated; Apr. p. 59, industry trends; Sept. p. 84, mothership purchase from British stirs controversy; Sept. p. 84. North Pacific catch quota increased; Nov. p. 75. Netherlands: agreements on Antarctic liament; Apr. p. 63. Antarctic 1961/1962 able; May p. 78. Norway: Antarctic 1963/64 season, only four expeditions for; Oct. p. 63, Antarctic 1962/63 season failure spurs demand for lower quota; July p. 87. Antarctic production sharply lower for 1962/63 sea- son; June p. 85. Government rejects application to sell whale fac- toryship to Japan; Oct. p. 44. trends, second quarter 1963; Nov. p. 76. U.S.S.R. fleet prepares for Antarctic season; Nov. p.85. submitted to Par- season results unfavor- WHITE HOUSE International fisheries conservation effort urged by President; Nov. p. 53, Recommendation to permit Japanese to fish for hali- but in Eastern Bering Sea accepted; May p. 91. Tariff schedules given effect by Presidential procla- mation, changes in; Sept. p. 111. Tariff schedules, revised, effective Aug. 31, 1963; Sept. p. 110. Trade agreements negotiations, public hearings set on items to be considered for; Dec. p. 89. Trade Expansion Act of 1962, office of Special Rep- resentative established to implement; June p. 98. WHITEFISH Canada makes fish sausage from ; Mar. p. 53. Lake Superior Apostle Islands area, spawning of surveyed in; Feb. p. 30. WHITING Abundance forecast for 1963; Feb. p. 43. Croquettes of tested at school-lunch conference; Sept. p. 3. Fishburgers of ence; Sept.p. 3. Fish portions of ference; Sept. p. 2. Fish sticks of Sept. p. 2. Jelly roll, fish, of ference; Sept. p. 3. tested at school-lunch confer- tested at school-lunch con- tested at school-lunch conference; tested at school-lunch con- 1963 Index WHITING (cont.) Landings, Jan.-June 1963; Sept. p. 48. Measurements of length-girth made on cruise 63-5 by M/V "Albatross IV"; Sept. p. 37. Products, new, from tested at University of Massachusetts Annual School-Lunch Conference; Sept. p. 1. WISCONSIN Landings, fishery, 1962; Aug. p. 63. WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION Airplane acquired by to aid research; May p. 36. Laboratory, new research, for ; May p. 36, Research aids, new, for ; May p. 36. WORKING CONDITIONS International Labor Organization discusses in fishing industries; Feb. p. 61. WORLD Fisheries developments, FAO Fisheries Director talks on; Apr. p. 34. Fish meal and oil production, one-quarter of catch used in; Jan. p. 77. Fish meal production; Jan, p. 65, Feb. p. 58, Mar, p. 39, May p. 52, July pp. 62, 63, Aug. p. 65. Fish production compares favorably with meat; July p. 68. Landings, fishery; Jan. p. 75, Dec. p. 53. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 69 WORLD Trade in fishery products reaches new high in 1961; Mar. p. 40. Tuna, bonito, and mackerel catch was up in 1961; Jan. p. 77. World Fishing Gear Congress, second, held in Lon- don; Aug. p. 67. WORLD FISHING GEAR CONGRESS (see FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION) WORLD FOOD CONGRESS Fisheries included in agenda; June p,. 55, Fish protein concentrate value stressed by Interior Secretary at ; Aug. p. 67. WORLD FOOD PROGRAM Norway contributes dried codfish to ; May p. 82. YAMHILL RIVER Salmon spawning grounds on , Oreg., removal of abandoned dam opens new; Nov. p. 41. YUGOSLAVIA Tuna, frozen, market forecast, 1963; Feb. p. 74. ZANZIBAR Fisheries development; Nov. p. 83. Fisheries Development Company to seek export mar- kets; Feb. p. 90. Fish meal plant construction considered possibility; Feb, p. 90. Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior--a department of conservation--is concerned with the management, conservation, and development of the Nation’s water, fish, wildlife, mineral, forest, and park and recreational resources. It also has major responsibilities for Indian and Territorial affairs. As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Department works to assure that nonre- newable resources are developed and used wisely, that park and recreational resources are con- served for the future, and that renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress, prosperity, and security of the United States--now and in the future. Issued April 1965 Ete) mani a re.e aay REP petit ikon led bland ipa sieMectd FES Re ee SS beaters ke ch Ria EB alias ite PGI TS eee is ib A ET IMR MeN j ve ‘ Pavia al: i of . 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